text: Philippe Bertrand ( 1663 -- 1724 ) was a French sculptor of the late 17th and early 18th century . He received commissions for sculptures for both the Château de Marly and Versailles . In November , 1701 , he was made a full member of the Académie de peinture et de sculpture upon the display of a royal commission of 1700 , his small bronze of the Rape of Helen , a svelte composition of three figures with a debt to Giambologna 's Rape of a Sabine Woman . He was known for sculpting flowing , graceful , and even flying figures , particularly in his bronzes . In 1714 , when the choir of Notre - Dame was refurbished in academic Baroque manner , in Louis XIV 's fulfillment of a vow made by Louis XIII , Bertrand was commissioned to provide a small allegorical bronze as the prize for a poetry competition on the occasion , organised by the Académie française to celebrate the completion of the project ; it is conserved in the Wallace Collection , London . Two further small collectors ' bronzes by Bertrand are in the Royal Collection , Psyche and Mercury and Prometheus Bound ; they are characteristic purchases of George IV.

text: Philippe

text: Bertrand

text: was

text: French

text: sculptor

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: He

text: received

text: commissions

text: for

text: sculptures

text: for

text: both

text: the

text: Château

text: de

text: Marly

text: and

text: Versailles

text: In

text: November

text: he

text: was

text: made

text: full

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Académie

text: de

text: peinture

text: et

text: de

text: sculpture

text: upon

text: the

text: display

text: of

text: royal

text: commission

text: of

text: his

text: small

text: bronze

text: of

text: the

text: Rape

text: of

text: Helen

text: svelte

text: composition

text: of

text: three

text: figures

text: with

text: debt

text: to

text: Giambologna

text: 's

text: Rape

text: of

text: Sabine

text: Woman

text: He

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: sculpting

text: flowing

text: graceful

text: and

text: even

text: flying

text: figures

text: particularly

text: in

text: his

text: bronzes

text: In

text: when

text: the

text: choir

text: of

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: was

text: refurbished

text: in

text: academic

text: Baroque

text: manner

text: in

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: 's

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: vow

text: made

text: by

text: Louis

text: XIII

text: Bertrand

text: was

text: commissioned

text: to

text: provide

text: small

text: allegorical

text: bronze

text: as

text: the

text: prize

text: for

text: poetry

text: competition

text: on

text: the

text: occasion

text: organised

text: by

text: the

text: Académie

text: française

text: to

text: celebrate

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: project

text: it

text: is

text: conserved

text: in

text: the

text: Wallace

text: Collection

text: London

text: Two

text: further

text: small

text: collectors

text: bronzes

text: by

text: Bertrand

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: Royal

text: Collection

text: Psyche

text: and

text: Mercury

text: and

text: Prometheus

text: Bound

text: they

text: are

text: characteristic

text: purchases

text: of

text: George

text: IV

text: Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475  18 February 1564) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Considered to be the greatest living artist during his lifetime, he has since been described as one of the greatest artists of all time. Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival and fellow Florentine Medici client, Leonardo da Vinci.

text: Michelangelo

text: di

text: Lodovico

text: Buonarroti

text: Simoni

text: March

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: sculptor

text: painter

text: architect

text: and

text: poet

text: of

text: the

text: High

text: Renaissance

text: who

text: exerted

text: an

text: unparalleled

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Western

text: art

text: Considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: greatest

text: living

text: artist

text: during

text: his

text: lifetime

text: he

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Despite

text: making

text: few

text: forays

text: beyond

text: the

text: arts

text: his

text: versatility

text: in

text: the

text: disciplines

text: he

text: took

text: up

text: was

text: of

text: such

text: high

text: order

text: that

text: he

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: contender

text: for

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: archetypal

text: Renaissance

text: man

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: rival

text: and

text: fellow

text: Florentine

text: Medici

text: client

text: Leonardo

text: da

text: Vinci

text: Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the Metropolitan City of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants, expanding to over 1,520,000 in the metropolitan area.

text: Florence

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: region

text: of

text: Tuscany

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Florence

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Tuscany

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: expanding

text: to

text: over

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text:
Giambologna (1529  13 August 1608)  born Jean Boulogne (and incorrectly known as Giovanni da Bologna or Giovanni Bologna)  was a Flemish sculptor based in Italy, celebrated for his marble and bronze statuary in a late Renaissance or Mannerist style.
Biography.
Giambologna was born in Douai, Flanders (now in France), in 1529. After youthful studies in Antwerp with the architect-sculptor Jacques du Broeucq, he moved to Italy in 1550, and studied in Rome. Giambologna made detailed study of the sculpture of classical antiquity. He was also much influenced by Michelangelo, but developed his own Mannerist style, with perhaps less emphasis on emotion and more emphasis on refined surfaces, cool elegance and beauty. Pope Pius IV gave Giambologna his first major commission, the colossal bronze Neptune and subsidiary figures for the Fountain of Neptune (the base designed by Tommaso Laureti, 1566) in Bologna. Giambologna spent his most productive years in Florence, where he had settled in 1553. Ten years later, he was named a member ("Accademico") of the prestigious Accademia delle Arti del Disegno, just founded by the Duke Cosimo I de' Medici, on 13 January 1563, under the influence of the painter-architect Giorgio Vasari, becoming also one of the Medici's most important court sculptors. He died in Florence at the age of 79  the Medici had never allowed him to leave Florence, as they rightly feared that either the Austrian or Spanish Habsburgs would entice him into permanent employment. He was interred in a chapel he designed himself in the Santissima Annunziata.

text: Giambologna

text: August

text: born

text: Jean

text: Boulogne

text: and

text: incorrectly

text: known

text: as

text: Giovanni

text: da

text: Bologna

text: or

text: Giovanni

text: Bologna

text: was

text: Flemish

text: sculptor

text: based

text: in

text: Italy

text: celebrated

text: for

text: his

text: marble

text: and

text: bronze

text: statuary

text: in

text: late

text: Renaissance

text: or

text: Mannerist

text: style

text: Biography

text: Giambologna

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Douai

text: Flanders

text: now

text: in

text: France

text: in

text: After

text: youthful

text: studies

text: in

text: Antwerp

text: with

text: the

text: architect

text: sculptor

text: Jacques

text: du

text: Broeucq

text: he

text: moved

text: to

text: Italy

text: in

text: and

text: studied

text: in

text: Rome

text: Giambologna

text: made

text: detailed

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: sculpture

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: much

text: influenced

text: by

text: Michelangelo

text: but

text: developed

text: his

text: own

text: Mannerist

text: style

text: with

text: perhaps

text: less

text: emphasis

text: on

text: emotion

text: and

text: more

text: emphasis

text: on

text: refined

text: surfaces

text: cool

text: elegance

text: and

text: beauty

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: IV

text: gave

text: Giambologna

text: his

text: first

text: major

text: commission

text: the

text: colossal

text: bronze

text: Neptune

text: and

text: subsidiary

text: figures

text: for

text: the

text: Fountain

text: of

text: Neptune

text: the

text: base

text: designed

text: by

text: Tommaso

text: Laureti

text: in

text: Bologna

text: Giambologna

text: spent

text: his

text: most

text: productive

text: years

text: in

text: Florence

text: where

text: he

text: had

text: settled

text: in

text: Ten

text: years

text: later

text: he

text: was

text: named

text: member

text: Accademico

text: of

text: the

text: prestigious

text: Accademia

text: delle

text: Arti

text: del

text: Disegno

text: just

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Duke

text: Cosimo

text: de

text: Medici

text: on

text: January

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: painter

text: architect

text: Giorgio

text: Vasari

text: becoming

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Medici

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: court

text: sculptors

text: He

text: died

text: in

text: Florence

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: the

text: Medici

text: had

text: never

text: allowed

text: him

text: to

text: leave

text: Florence

text: as

text: they

text: rightly

text: feared

text: that

text: either

text: the

text: Austrian

text: or

text: Spanish

text: Habsburgs

text: would

text: entice

text: him

text: into

text: permanent

text: employment

text: He

text: was

text: interred

text: in

text: chapel

text: he

text: designed

text: himself

text: in

text: the

text: Santissima

text: Annunziata

text: A château (plural "châteaux") is a manor house or residence of the lord of the manor or a country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originallyand still most frequentlyin French-speaking regions.

text: château

text: plural

text: châteaux

text: is

text: manor

text: house

text: or

text: residence

text: of

text: the

text: lord

text: of

text: the

text: manor

text: or

text: country

text: house

text: of

text: nobility

text: or

text: gentry

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: fortifications

text: originallyand

text: still

text: most

text: frequentlyin

text: French

text: speaking

text: regions

text: Giorgio Vasari (30 July 1511  27 June 1574) was an Italian painter, architect, writer, and historian, most famous today for his "Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects", considered the ideological foundation of art-historical writing.

text: Giorgio

text: Vasari

text: July

text: June

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: painter

text: architect

text: writer

text: and

text: historian

text: most

text: famous

text: today

text: for

text: his

text: Lives

text: of

text: the

text: Most

text: Excellent

text: Painters

text: Sculptors

text: and

text: Architects

text: considered

text: the

text: ideological

text: foundation

text: of

text: art

text: historical

text: writing

text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Pope Pius IV (31 March 1499  9 December 1565), born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 25 December 1559 to his death in 1565.

text: Pope

text: Pius

text: IV

text: March

text: December

text: born

text: Giovanni

text: Angelo

text: Medici

text: was

text: Pope

text: from

text: December

text: to

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: The Château de Marly was a relatively small French royal residence located in what has become Marly-le-Roi, the commune that existed at the edge of the royal park. The town that originally grew up to service the château is now a dormitory community for Paris.

text: The

text: Château

text: de

text: Marly

text: was

text: relatively

text: small

text: French

text: royal

text: residence

text: located

text: in

text: what

text: has

text: become

text: Marly

text: le

text: Roi

text: the

text: commune

text: that

text: existed

text: at

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: royal

text: park

text: The

text: town

text: that

text: originally

text: grew

text: up

text: to

text: service

text: the

text: château

text: is

text: now

text: dormitory

text: community

text: for

text: Paris

text: The Renaissance was a period in European history, from the 14th to the 17th century, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age.

text: The

text: Renaissance

text: was

text: period

text: in

text: European

text: history

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: bridge

text: between

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: modern

text: history

text: It

text: started

text: as

text: cultural

text: movement

text: in

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Medieval

text: period

text: and

text: later

text: spread

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Europe

text: marking

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Modern

text: Age

text: Tommaso Laureti, often called Tommaso Laureti Siciliano (c. 1530  22 September 1602), was an Italian painter from Sicily who trained in the atelier of the aged Sebastiano del Piombo and worked in Bologna. From 1582, he worked for papal patrons in Rome in a Michelangelo-inspired style with special skill in illusionistic perspective, that in his Roman work avoided all but traces of Mannerism.

text: Tommaso

text: Laureti

text: often

text: called

text: Tommaso

text: Laureti

text: Siciliano

text: September

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: painter

text: from

text: Sicily

text: who

text: trained

text: in

text: the

text: atelier

text: of

text: the

text: aged

text: Sebastiano

text: del

text: Piombo

text: and

text: worked

text: in

text: Bologna

text: From

text: he

text: worked

text: for

text: papal

text: patrons

text: in

text: Rome

text: in

text: Michelangelo

text: inspired

text: style

text: with

text: special

text: skill

text: in

text: illusionistic

text: perspective

text: that

text: in

text: his

text: Roman

text: work

text: avoided

text: all

text: but

text: traces

text: of

text: Mannerism

text: Rome is a city and special "comune" (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated "comune" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states.

text: Rome

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: special

text: comune

text: named

text: Roma

text: Capitale

text: in

text: Italy

text: Rome

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Italy

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Lazio

text: region

text: With

text: residents

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: comune

text: and

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Rome

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: residents

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: Peninsula

text: within

text: Lazio

text: Latium

text: along

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Tiber

text: river

text: The

text: Vatican

text: City

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: country

text: geographically

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Rome

text: the

text: only

text: existing

text: example

text: of

text: country

text: within

text: city

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: Rome

text: has

text: been

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: capital

text: of

text: two

text: states

text: Douai (Dutch: "Dowaai") is a commune in the Nord département in northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department. Located on the river Scarpe some from Lille and from Arras, Douai is home to one of the region's most impressive belfries. The population of the metropolitan area, including Lens, was 552,682 in 1999.

text: Douai

text: Dutch

text: Dowaai

text: is

text: commune

text: in

text: the

text: Nord

text: département

text: in

text: northern

text: France

text: It

text: is

text: sub

text: prefecture

text: of

text: the

text: department

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Scarpe

text: some

text: from

text: Lille

text: and

text: from

text: Arras

text: Douai

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: most

text: impressive

text: belfries

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: including

text: Lens

text: was

text: in

text: Marly-le-Roi is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris, from the centre of Paris.

text: Marly

text: le

text: Roi

text: is

text: commune

text: in

text: the

text: Yvelines

text: department

text: in

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: region

text: in

text: north

text: central

text: France

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Paris

text: from

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: Paris

text: Jacques du Broeucq (c.1505c.1584) was a sculptor and architect from Southern Netherlands.

text: Jacques

text: du

text: Broeucq

text: was

text: sculptor

text: and

text: architect

text: from

text: Southern

text: Netherlands

text: Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is a term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world. It is the period in which Greek and Roman society flourished and wielded great influence throughout Europe, North Africa and Southwestern Asia.

text: Classical

text: antiquity

text: also

text: the

text: classical

text: era

text: classical

text: period

text: or

text: classical

text: age

text: is

text: term

text: for

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: cultural

text: history

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: comprising

text: the

text: interlocking

text: civilizations

text: of

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: and

text: ancient

text: Rome

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: which

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: society

text: flourished

text: and

text: wielded

text: great

text: influence

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: Southwestern

text: Asia

text: The Accademia delle Arti del Disegno, or "Academy of the Arts of Drawing", is an academy of artists in Florence, Italy. The Accademia e Compagnia delle Arti del Disegno, or "academy and company of the arts of drawing", was founded on 13 January 1563 by Cosimo I de' Medici, under the influence of Giorgio Vasari. It was made up of two parts: the Company was a kind of guild for all working artists, while the Academy was for more eminent artistic personalities of Cosimos court, and supervised artistic production in Tuscany. It was later called the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno.

text: The

text: Accademia

text: delle

text: Arti

text: del

text: Disegno

text: or

text: Academy

text: of

text: the

text: Arts

text: of

text: Drawing

text: is

text: an

text: academy

text: of

text: artists

text: in

text: Florence

text: Italy

text: The

text: Accademia

text: Compagnia

text: delle

text: Arti

text: del

text: Disegno

text: or

text: academy

text: and

text: company

text: of

text: the

text: arts

text: of

text: drawing

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: January

text: by

text: Cosimo

text: de

text: Medici

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Giorgio

text: Vasari

text: It

text: was

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: the

text: Company

text: was

text: kind

text: of

text: guild

text: for

text: all

text: working

text: artists

text: while

text: the

text: Academy

text: was

text: for

text: more

text: eminent

text: artistic

text: personalities

text: of

text: Cosimos

text: court

text: and

text: supervised

text: artistic

text: production

text: in

text: Tuscany

text: It

text: was

text: later

text: called

text: the

text: Accademia

text: delle

text: Arti

text: del

text: Disegno

annotations: likely multiple

question: place_of_death philippe bertrand

answer: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris


text: Potassium hypomanganate , K3MnO4 , also known as potassium manganate ( V ) , is a bright blue salt and a rare example of a manganese ( V ) compound . It is formed : by the reduction of potassium permanganate with excess potassium sulfite ; MnO

text: Potassium

text: hypomanganate

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: potassium

text: manganate

text: is

text: bright

text: blue

text: salt

text: and

text: rare

text: example

text: of

text: manganese

text: compound

text: It

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: reduction

text: of

text: potassium

text: permanganate

text: with

text: excess

text: potassium

text: sulfite

text: MnO

text: A permanganate is the general name for a chemical compound containing the manganate(VII) ion,. Because manganese is in the +7 oxidation state, the permanganate(VII) ion is a strong oxidizing agent. The ion has tetrahedral geometry. Permanganate solutions are purple in color and are stable in neutral or slightly alkaline media. The exact chemical reaction is dependent upon the organic contaminants present and the oxidant utilized. For example, trichloroethene (CHCl) is oxidized by sodium permanganate to form carbon dioxide (CO), manganese dioxide (MnO), sodium ions (Na), hydronium ions (H), and chloride ions (Cl).

text: permanganate

text: is

text: the

text: general

text: name

text: for

text: chemical

text: compound

text: containing

text: the

text: manganate(VII

text: ion

text: Because

text: manganese

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: oxidation

text: state

text: the

text: permanganate(VII

text: ion

text: is

text: strong

text: oxidizing

text: agent

text: The

text: ion

text: has

text: tetrahedral

text: geometry

text: Permanganate

text: solutions

text: are

text: purple

text: in

text: color

text: and

text: are

text: stable

text: in

text: neutral

text: or

text: slightly

text: alkaline

text: media

text: The

text: exact

text: chemical

text: reaction

text: is

text: dependent

text: upon

text: the

text: organic

text: contaminants

text: present

text: and

text: the

text: oxidant

text: utilized

text: For

text: example

text: trichloroethene

text: CHCl

text: is

text: oxidized

text: by

text: sodium

text: permanganate

text: to

text: form

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: CO

text: manganese

text: dioxide

text: MnO

text: sodium

text: ions

text: hydronium

text: ions

text: and

text: chloride

text: ions

text: Cl

text: Potassium permanganate is an inorganic chemical compound and medication. As a medication it is used for cleaning wounds and dermatitis.

text: Potassium

text: permanganate

text: is

text: an

text: inorganic

text: chemical

text: compound

text: and

text: medication

text: As

text: medication

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: cleaning

text: wounds

text: and

text: dermatitis

text: Potassium manganate is the inorganic compound with the formula KMnO. This green-colored salt is an intermediate in the industrial synthesis of potassium permanganate (KMnO), a common chemical. Occasionally, potassium manganate and potassium "per"manganate are confused, but they are different compounds with distinctly different properties.

text: Potassium

text: manganate

text: is

text: the

text: inorganic

text: compound

text: with

text: the

text: formula

text: KMnO.

text: This

text: green

text: colored

text: salt

text: is

text: an

text: intermediate

text: in

text: the

text: industrial

text: synthesis

text: of

text: potassium

text: permanganate

text: KMnO

text: common

text: chemical

text: Occasionally

text: potassium

text: manganate

text: and

text: potassium

text: per"manganate

text: are

text: confused

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: different

text: compounds

text: with

text: distinctly

text: different

text: properties

text: An inorganic compound is a chemical compound that is not an organic compound. There is no clear or universally agreed-upon distinction between organic and inorganic compounds, but common definitions focus on the presence or absence of carbon (or certain kinds of carbon bonds) or the source from which the compound is derived. Inorganic compounds are traditionally viewed as being synthesized by the agency of geological systems. In contrast, organic compounds are found in biological systems. Organic chemists traditionally refer to any molecule containing carbon as an organic compound and by default this means that inorganic chemistry deals with molecules lacking carbon. As many minerals are of biological origin, biologists may distinguish organic from inorganic compounds in a different way that does not hinge on the presence of a carbon atom. Pools of organic matter, for example, that have been metabolically incorporated into living tissues persist in decomposing tissues, but as molecules become oxidized into the open environment, such as atmospheric CO, this creates a separate pool of inorganic compounds. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, an agency widely recognized for defining chemical terms, does not offer definitions of inorganic or organic compounds. Hence, the definition for an inorganic versus an organic compound in a multidisciplinary context spans the division between organic life living (or animate) and inorganic non-living (or inanimate) matter.

text: An

text: inorganic

text: compound

text: is

text: chemical

text: compound

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: organic

text: compound

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: clear

text: or

text: universally

text: agreed

text: upon

text: distinction

text: between

text: organic

text: and

text: inorganic

text: compounds

text: but

text: common

text: definitions

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: presence

text: or

text: absence

text: of

text: carbon

text: or

text: certain

text: kinds

text: of

text: carbon

text: bonds

text: or

text: the

text: source

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: compound

text: is

text: derived

text: Inorganic

text: compounds

text: are

text: traditionally

text: viewed

text: as

text: being

text: synthesized

text: by

text: the

text: agency

text: of

text: geological

text: systems

text: In

text: contrast

text: organic

text: compounds

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: biological

text: systems

text: Organic

text: chemists

text: traditionally

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: molecule

text: containing

text: carbon

text: as

text: an

text: organic

text: compound

text: and

text: by

text: default

text: this

text: means

text: that

text: inorganic

text: chemistry

text: deals

text: with

text: molecules

text: lacking

text: carbon

text: As

text: many

text: minerals

text: are

text: of

text: biological

text: origin

text: biologists

text: may

text: distinguish

text: organic

text: from

text: inorganic

text: compounds

text: in

text: different

text: way

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: hinge

text: on

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: carbon

text: atom

text: Pools

text: of

text: organic

text: matter

text: for

text: example

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: metabolically

text: incorporated

text: into

text: living

text: tissues

text: persist

text: in

text: decomposing

text: tissues

text: but

text: as

text: molecules

text: become

text: oxidized

text: into

text: the

text: open

text: environment

text: such

text: as

text: atmospheric

text: CO

text: this

text: creates

text: separate

text: pool

text: of

text: inorganic

text: compounds

text: The

text: International

text: Union

text: of

text: Pure

text: and

text: Applied

text: Chemistry

text: an

text: agency

text: widely

text: recognized

text: for

text: defining

text: chemical

text: terms

text: does

text: not

text: offer

text: definitions

text: of

text: inorganic

text: or

text: organic

text: compounds

text: Hence

text: the

text: definition

text: for

text: an

text: inorganic

text: versus

text: an

text: organic

text: compound

text: in

text: multidisciplinary

text: context

text: spans

text: the

text: division

text: between

text: organic

text: life

text: living

text: or

text: animate

text: and

text: inorganic

text: non

text: living

text: or

text: inanimate

text: matter

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: instance_of potassium hypomanganate

answer: chemical compound

text: chemical compound

text: chemical compound

text: chemical compound


text: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.

text: Spain

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: largely

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Europe

text: with

text: two

text: large

text: archipelagos

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: two

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: mainland

text: and

text: several

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Alboran

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: Moroccan

text: coast

text: Its

text: mainland

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Gibraltar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: France

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: border

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: country

text: Morocco

text: and

text: its

text: African

text: territory

text: accounts

text: for

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: A team time trial (TTT) is a road-based bicycle race in which teams of cyclists race against the clock (see individual time trial for a more detailed description of ITT events).

text: team

text: time

text: trial

text: TTT

text: is

text: road

text: based

text: bicycle

text: race

text: in

text: which

text: teams

text: of

text: cyclists

text: race

text: against

text: the

text: clock

text: see

text: individual

text: time

text: trial

text: for

text: more

text: detailed

text: description

text: of

text: ITT

text: events

text: In many racing sports an athlete (or occasionally a team of athletes) will compete in a time trial against the clock to secure the fastest time. In cycling, for example, a time trial (TT) can be a single track cycling event, or an individual or team time trial on the road, and either or both of the latter may form components of multi-day stage races. In contrast to other types of races, athletes race alone since they are sent out in intervals (interval starts), as opposed to a mass start.

text: In

text: many

text: racing

text: sports

text: an

text: athlete

text: or

text: occasionally

text: team

text: of

text: athletes

text: will

text: compete

text: in

text: time

text: trial

text: against

text: the

text: clock

text: to

text: secure

text: the

text: fastest

text: time

text: In

text: cycling

text: for

text: example

text: time

text: trial

text: TT

text: can

text: be

text: single

text: track

text: cycling

text: event

text: or

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: team

text: time

text: trial

text: on

text: the

text: road

text: and

text: either

text: or

text: both

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: may

text: form

text: components

text: of

text: multi

text: day

text: stage

text: races

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: races

text: athletes

text: race

text: alone

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: sent

text: out

text: in

text: intervals

text: interval

text: starts

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: mass

text: start

text: MILAN ("milan(e)" is French for kite) is a European anti-tank guided missile. Design of the MILAN started in 1962, it was ready for trials in 1971, and was accepted for service in 1972. It is a wire guided SACLOS (semi-automatic command to line-of-sight) missile, which means the sight of the launch unit has to be aimed at the target to guide the missile. The MILAN can be equipped with a MIRA or MILIS thermal sight to give it night-firing ability.

text: MILAN

text: milan(e

text: is

text: French

text: for

text: kite

text: is

text: European

text: anti

text: tank

text: guided

text: missile

text: Design

text: of

text: the

text: MILAN

text: started

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: ready

text: for

text: trials

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: accepted

text: for

text: service

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: wire

text: guided

text: SACLOS

text: semi

text: automatic

text: command

text: to

text: line

text: of

text: sight

text: missile

text: which

text: means

text: the

text: sight

text: of

text: the

text: launch

text: unit

text: has

text: to

text: be

text: aimed

text: at

text: the

text: target

text: to

text: guide

text: the

text: missile

text: The

text: MILAN

text: can

text: be

text: equipped

text: with

text: MIRA

text: or

text: MILIS

text: thermal

text: sight

text: to

text: give

text: it

text: night

text: firing

text: ability

text: A stopwatch is a handheld timepiece designed to measure the amount of time elapsed from a particular time when it is activated to the time when the piece is deactivated. A large digital version of a stopwatch designed for viewing at a distance, as in a sports stadium, is called a stopclock. In manual timing, the clock is started and stopped by a person pressing a button. In fully automatic time, both starting and stopping are triggered automatically, by sensors.

text: stopwatch

text: is

text: handheld

text: timepiece

text: designed

text: to

text: measure

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: elapsed

text: from

text: particular

text: time

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: activated

text: to

text: the

text: time

text: when

text: the

text: piece

text: is

text: deactivated

text: large

text: digital

text: version

text: of

text: stopwatch

text: designed

text: for

text: viewing

text: at

text: distance

text: as

text: in

text: sports

text: stadium

text: is

text: called

text: stopclock

text: In

text: manual

text: timing

text: the

text: clock

text: is

text: started

text: and

text: stopped

text: by

text: person

text: pressing

text: button

text: In

text: fully

text: automatic

text: time

text: both

text: starting

text: and

text: stopping

text: are

text: triggered

text: automatically

text: by

text: sensors

text: The Avenue des Champs-Élysées is an avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, long and wide, running between the Place de la Concorde and the Place Charles de Gaulle, where the Arc de Triomphe is located. It is known for its theatres, cafés and luxury shops, for the annual Bastille Day military parade, and as the finish of the Tour de France cycle race. The name is French for the Elysian Fields, the paradise for dead heroes in Greek mythology. The French proudly call their world-famous boulevard ""la plus belle avenue du monde"" ("the world's most beautiful avenue").

text: The

text: Avenue

text: des

text: Champs

text: Élysées

text: is

text: an

text: avenue

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: of

text: Paris

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: running

text: between

text: the

text: Place

text: de

text: la

text: Concorde

text: and

text: the

text: Place

text: Charles

text: de

text: Gaulle

text: where

text: the

text: Arc

text: de

text: Triomphe

text: is

text: located

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: theatres

text: cafés

text: and

text: luxury

text: shops

text: for

text: the

text: annual

text: Bastille

text: Day

text: military

text: parade

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: finish

text: of

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: cycle

text: race

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: French

text: for

text: the

text: Elysian

text: Fields

text: the

text: paradise

text: for

text: dead

text: heroes

text: in

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: The

text: French

text: proudly

text: call

text: their

text: world

text: famous

text: boulevard

text: la

text: plus

text: belle

text: avenue

text: du

text: monde

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: beautiful

text: avenue

text: Marzio Bruseghin (born 15 June 1974 in Conegliano, Treviso) is an Italian retired professional road bicycle racer, who competed as a professional between 1997 and 2012. His best achievement was winning the 2006 Italian time-trial championship, as well as winning two time trial stages in the Giro d'Italia. In 2008 he completed all three Grand Tours, including a podium finish (Giro) and a top 10 finish (Vuelta).

text: Marzio

text: Bruseghin

text: born

text: June

text: in

text: Conegliano

text: Treviso

text: is

text: an

text: Italian

text: retired

text: professional

text: road

text: bicycle

text: racer

text: who

text: competed

text: as

text: professional

text: between

text: and

text: His

text: best

text: achievement

text: was

text: winning

text: the

text: Italian

text: time

text: trial

text: championship

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: winning

text: two

text: time

text: trial

text: stages

text: in

text: the

text: Giro

text: d'Italia

text: In

text: he

text: completed

text: all

text: three

text: Grand

text: Tours

text: including

text: podium

text: finish

text: Giro

text: and

text: top

text: finish

text: Vuelta

text: The 2009 Tour de France was the 96th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It started on 4 July in the principality of Monaco with a individual time trial which included a section of the Circuit de Monaco. The race visited six countries: Monaco, France, Spain, Andorra, Switzerland and Italy, and finished on 26 July on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.

text: The

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: was

text: the

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: one

text: of

text: cycling

text: 's

text: Grand

text: Tours

text: It

text: started

text: on

text: July

text: in

text: the

text: principality

text: of

text: Monaco

text: with

text: individual

text: time

text: trial

text: which

text: included

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Circuit

text: de

text: Monaco

text: The

text: race

text: visited

text: six

text: countries

text: Monaco

text: France

text: Spain

text: Andorra

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: Italy

text: and

text: finished

text: on

text: July

text: on

text: the

text: Champs

text: Élysées

text: in

text: Paris

text: The 2008 Giro d'Italia was the 91st running of the Giro d'Italia, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It began in Palermo on 10 May and ended in Milan on 1 June. Twenty-two teams entered the race, which was won by Spaniard Alberto Contador of the cycling team. Second and third respectively were Italians Riccardo Riccò and Marzio Bruseghin.

text: The

text: Giro

text: d'Italia

text: was

text: the

text: running

text: of

text: the

text: Giro

text: d'Italia

text: one

text: of

text: cycling

text: 's

text: Grand

text: Tours

text: It

text: began

text: in

text: Palermo

text: on

text: May

text: and

text: ended

text: in

text: Milan

text: on

text: June

text: Twenty

text: two

text: teams

text: entered

text: the

text: race

text: which

text: was

text: won

text: by

text: Spaniard

text: Alberto

text: Contador

text: of

text: the

text: cycling

text: team

text: Second

text: and

text: third

text: respectively

text: were

text: Italians

text: Riccardo

text: Riccò

text: and

text: Marzio

text: Bruseghin

text: An individual time trial (ITT) is a road bicycle race in which cyclists race alone against the clock on flat or rolling terrain, or up a mountain road such as Alpe d'Huez (in French: "contre la montre"  literally "against the watch", in Italian: "tappa a cronometro" "stopwatch stage"). There are also track-based time trials where riders compete in velodromes, and team time trials (TTT). ITTs are also referred to as "the race of truth", as winning depends only on each rider's strength and endurance, and not on help provided by team-mates and others riding ahead and creating a slipstream. The opening stage of stage race will often be a short individual time trial called a prologue.

text: An

text: individual

text: time

text: trial

text: ITT

text: is

text: road

text: bicycle

text: race

text: in

text: which

text: cyclists

text: race

text: alone

text: against

text: the

text: clock

text: on

text: flat

text: or

text: rolling

text: terrain

text: or

text: up

text: mountain

text: road

text: such

text: as

text: Alpe

text: d'Huez

text: in

text: French

text: contre

text: la

text: montre

text: literally

text: against

text: the

text: watch

text: in

text: Italian

text: tappa

text: cronometro

text: stopwatch

text: stage

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: track

text: based

text: time

text: trials

text: where

text: riders

text: compete

text: in

text: velodromes

text: and

text: team

text: time

text: trials

text: TTT

text: ITTs

text: are

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: race

text: of

text: truth

text: as

text: winning

text: depends

text: only

text: on

text: each

text: rider

text: 's

text: strength

text: and

text: endurance

text: and

text: not

text: on

text: help

text: provided

text: by

text: team

text: mates

text: and

text: others

text: riding

text: ahead

text: and

text: creating

text: slipstream

text: The

text: opening

text: stage

text: of

text: stage

text: race

text: will

text: often

text: be

text: short

text: individual

text: time

text: trial

text: called

text: prologue

text: The 2010 Tour de France was the 97th edition of the Tour de France cycle race, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It started on with an 8.9 km prologue time trial in Rotterdam, the first start in the Netherlands since 1996. The race visited three countries: the Netherlands, Belgium and France, and finished on on the Champs-Élysées in Paris.

text: The

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: was

text: the

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: cycle

text: race

text: one

text: of

text: cycling

text: 's

text: Grand

text: Tours

text: It

text: started

text: on

text: with

text: an

text: km

text: prologue

text: time

text: trial

text: in

text: Rotterdam

text: the

text: first

text: start

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: since

text: The

text: race

text: visited

text: three

text: countries

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Belgium

text: and

text: France

text: and

text: finished

text: on

text: on

text: the

text: Champs

text: Élysées

text: in

text: Paris

text: LAlpe d'Huez is a ski resort at . It is a mountain pasture in the Central French Alps, in the commune of Huez, which is part of the department of Isère in the region of Rhône-Alpes. It is part of the massif, over the Oisans, and is from Grenoble. The Alpe d'Huez resort is accessible from Grenoble by the , which runs along the Romanche Valley passing through the communes of Livet-et-Gavet and Le Bourg-d'Oisans as well as Haut-Oisans via the Col de Sarenne. Alpe d'Huez is used regularly in the Tour de France cycle race, including twice on the same day in 2013.

text: LAlpe

text: d'Huez

text: is

text: ski

text: resort

text: at

text: It

text: is

text: mountain

text: pasture

text: in

text: the

text: Central

text: French

text: Alps

text: in

text: the

text: commune

text: of

text: Huez

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: department

text: of

text: Isère

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Rhône

text: Alpes

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: massif

text: over

text: the

text: Oisans

text: and

text: is

text: from

text: Grenoble

text: The

text: Alpe

text: d'Huez

text: resort

text: is

text: accessible

text: from

text: Grenoble

text: by

text: the

text: which

text: runs

text: along

text: the

text: Romanche

text: Valley

text: passing

text: through

text: the

text: communes

text: of

text: Livet

text: et

text: Gavet

text: and

text: Le

text: Bourg

text: d'Oisans

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Haut

text: Oisans

text: via

text: the

text: Col

text: de

text: Sarenne

text: Alpe

text: d'Huez

text: is

text: used

text: regularly

text: in

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: cycle

text: race

text: including

text: twice

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: day

text: in

text: The Alps are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the FrenchItalian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4000 metres (just over 13,000 feet).

text: The

text: Alps

text: are

text: the

text: highest

text: and

text: most

text: extensive

text: mountain

text: range

text: system

text: that

text: lies

text: entirely

text: in

text: Europe

text: stretching

text: approximately

text: across

text: eight

text: Alpine

text: countries

text: Austria

text: France

text: Germany

text: Italy

text: Liechtenstein

text: Monaco

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: mountains

text: were

text: formed

text: over

text: tens

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: as

text: the

text: African

text: and

text: Eurasian

text: tectonic

text: plates

text: collided

text: Extreme

text: shortening

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: event

text: resulted

text: in

text: marine

text: sedimentary

text: rocks

text: rising

text: by

text: thrusting

text: and

text: folding

text: into

text: high

text: mountain

text: peaks

text: such

text: as

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: and

text: the

text: Matterhorn

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: spans

text: the

text: FrenchItalian

text: border

text: and

text: at

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: The

text: Alpine

text: region

text: area

text: contains

text: about

text: hundred

text: peaks

text: higher

text: than

text: metres

text: just

text: over

text: feet

text: Alberto Contador Velasco ( Spanish pronunciation : ( alerto kontaðor elasko ) ; born 6 December 1982 ) is a Spanish professional cyclist , one of six riders to have won all three Grand Tours of road cycling . He was the winner of the 2007 Tour de France with the Discovery Channel team . With the Astana team he has won the 2008 Giro d'Italia , the 2008 Vuelta a España and the 2009 Tour de France . He initially also won the 2010 Tour de France with this team , and the 2011 Giro d'Italia with team Saxo Bank - SunGard , only to be stripped of these titles later having been found guilty of a doping offence . Following his return from a suspension , he won the 2012 Vuelta a España , the 2014 Vuelta a España and the 2015 Giro d'Italia . Notable summit stage finishes on which he has victories include the Alto de El Angliru in the Vuelta , the Plateau de Beille in the Tour and Mount Etna in the Giro . After being widely expected to lose his tenuous lead in the 2007 Tour de France in that race 's final individual time trial , Contador has become a more accomplished time trialist , with several victories in the discipline . He has earned a reputation as an all - rounder , a cyclist who excels in all aspects of stage racing which are needed for high places in the general classification . Contador 's career has been marked by doping allegations . The Operación Puerto doping case led his Astana -- Würth team ( a team restructured to the current Astana team ) to withdraw en masse from the 2006 Tour de France before it began . He was eventually cleared of any wrongdoing . In September 2010 , Contador announced that he had tested positive for clenbuterol in a control taken during that year 's Tour de France , in which he finished as winner , but although he was suspended during an investigation , he was cleared by the RFEC . A review by the Court of Arbitration for Sport initially set for June 2011 was later deferred several times until February 2012 , when the CAS decided that Contador be stripped of the results obtained in the 2010 Tour de France and later , which also caused him to lose his 2011 Giro d'Italia victory . He was also suspended until 5 August 2012 , and his contract with Team Saxo Bank was annulled . Upon the completion of his ban , Contador rejoined the renamed Saxo Bank -- Tinkoff Bank team .

text: Alberto

text: Contador

text: Velasco

text: Spanish

text: pronunciation

text: alerto

text: kontaðor

text: elasko

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: Spanish

text: professional

text: cyclist

text: one

text: of

text: six

text: riders

text: to

text: have

text: won

text: all

text: three

text: Grand

text: Tours

text: of

text: road

text: cycling

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: with

text: the

text: Discovery

text: Channel

text: team

text: With

text: the

text: Astana

text: team

text: he

text: has

text: won

text: the

text: Giro

text: d'Italia

text: the

text: Vuelta

text: España

text: and

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: He

text: initially

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: with

text: this

text: team

text: and

text: the

text: Giro

text: d'Italia

text: with

text: team

text: Saxo

text: Bank

text: SunGard

text: only

text: to

text: be

text: stripped

text: of

text: these

text: titles

text: later

text: having

text: been

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: doping

text: offence

text: Following

text: his

text: return

text: from

text: suspension

text: he

text: won

text: the

text: Vuelta

text: España

text: the

text: Vuelta

text: España

text: and

text: the

text: Giro

text: d'Italia

text: Notable

text: summit

text: stage

text: finishes

text: on

text: which

text: he

text: has

text: victories

text: include

text: the

text: Alto

text: de

text: El

text: Angliru

text: in

text: the

text: Vuelta

text: the

text: Plateau

text: de

text: Beille

text: in

text: the

text: Tour

text: and

text: Mount

text: Etna

text: in

text: the

text: Giro

text: After

text: being

text: widely

text: expected

text: to

text: lose

text: his

text: tenuous

text: lead

text: in

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: in

text: that

text: race

text: 's

text: final

text: individual

text: time

text: trial

text: Contador

text: has

text: become

text: more

text: accomplished

text: time

text: trialist

text: with

text: several

text: victories

text: in

text: the

text: discipline

text: He

text: has

text: earned

text: reputation

text: as

text: an

text: all

text: rounder

text: cyclist

text: who

text: excels

text: in

text: all

text: aspects

text: of

text: stage

text: racing

text: which

text: are

text: needed

text: for

text: high

text: places

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: classification

text: Contador

text: 's

text: career

text: has

text: been

text: marked

text: by

text: doping

text: allegations

text: The

text: Operación

text: Puerto

text: doping

text: case

text: led

text: his

text: Astana

text: Würth

text: team

text: team

text: restructured

text: to

text: the

text: current

text: Astana

text: team

text: to

text: withdraw

text: en

text: masse

text: from

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: before

text: it

text: began

text: He

text: was

text: eventually

text: cleared

text: of

text: any

text: wrongdoing

text: In

text: September

text: Contador

text: announced

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: tested

text: positive

text: for

text: clenbuterol

text: in

text: control

text: taken

text: during

text: that

text: year

text: 's

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: finished

text: as

text: winner

text: but

text: although

text: he

text: was

text: suspended

text: during

text: an

text: investigation

text: he

text: was

text: cleared

text: by

text: the

text: RFEC

text: review

text: by

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Arbitration

text: for

text: Sport

text: initially

text: set

text: for

text: June

text: was

text: later

text: deferred

text: several

text: times

text: until

text: February

text: when

text: the

text: CAS

text: decided

text: that

text: Contador

text: be

text: stripped

text: of

text: the

text: results

text: obtained

text: in

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: and

text: later

text: which

text: also

text: caused

text: him

text: to

text: lose

text: his

text: Giro

text: d'Italia

text: victory

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: suspended

text: until

text: August

text: and

text: his

text: contract

text: with

text: Team

text: Saxo

text: Bank

text: was

text: annulled

text: Upon

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: his

text: ban

text: Contador

text: rejoined

text: the

text: renamed

text: Saxo

text: Bank

text: Tinkoff

text: Bank

text: team

text: Rotterdam is a city in the Netherlands, located in South Holland, within the RhineMeuseScheldt river delta at the North Sea. Its history goes back to 1270 when a dam was constructed in the Rotte river by people settled around it for safety. In 1340 Rotterdam was granted city rights by the Count of Holland and slowly grew into a major logistic and economic centre. Nowadays it is home to Europe's largest port and has a population of 633,471 (city proper), ranking second in the Netherlands. The Greater Rijnmond area is home to approximately 1.4 million people and the Rotterdam The Hague Metropolitan Area makes for the 168th most populous urban area in the world. Rotterdam is part of the yet larger Randstad conurbation with a total population of 7,100,000.

text: Rotterdam

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: located

text: in

text: South

text: Holland

text: within

text: the

text: RhineMeuseScheldt

text: river

text: delta

text: at

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: Its

text: history

text: goes

text: back

text: to

text: when

text: dam

text: was

text: constructed

text: in

text: the

text: Rotte

text: river

text: by

text: people

text: settled

text: around

text: it

text: for

text: safety

text: In

text: Rotterdam

text: was

text: granted

text: city

text: rights

text: by

text: the

text: Count

text: of

text: Holland

text: and

text: slowly

text: grew

text: into

text: major

text: logistic

text: and

text: economic

text: centre

text: Nowadays

text: it

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Europe

text: 's

text: largest

text: port

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: city

text: proper

text: ranking

text: second

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: Greater

text: Rijnmond

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: makes

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Rotterdam

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: yet

text: larger

text: Randstad

text: conurbation

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: Carlos Sastre Candil (born 22 April 1975) is a former Spanish professional road bicycle racer and winner of the 2008 Tour de France. He consistently achieved great results in the Vuelta a España and equally good showings in the Tour de France. Sastre established himself as a strong and stable climbing specialist, and after working to improve his individual time trial skills, he became a contender for the top GC spots in the Grand Tours. In total, Sastre finished in the top ten overall of fifteen Grand Tours during his career.

text: Carlos

text: Sastre

text: Candil

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: former

text: Spanish

text: professional

text: road

text: bicycle

text: racer

text: and

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: He

text: consistently

text: achieved

text: great

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: Vuelta

text: España

text: and

text: equally

text: good

text: showings

text: in

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: Sastre

text: established

text: himself

text: as

text: strong

text: and

text: stable

text: climbing

text: specialist

text: and

text: after

text: working

text: to

text: improve

text: his

text: individual

text: time

text: trial

text: skills

text: he

text: became

text: contender

text: for

text: the

text: top

text: GC

text: spots

text: in

text: the

text: Grand

text: Tours

text: In

text: total

text: Sastre

text: finished

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: ten

text: overall

text: of

text: fifteen

text: Grand

text: Tours

text: during

text: his

text: career

text: The 2008 Vuelta a España was the 63rd edition of the Vuelta a España, one of cycling's Grand Tours. The race began with a team time trial on August 30 in Granada. The Vuelta came to a close twenty-three days later with a flat stage, which brought the peloton into the streets of Madrid. Nineteen teams entered the race, which was won by the Spaniard Alberto Contador of . Second and third respectively were the American Levi Leipheimer of and the Spanish Carlos Sastre of .

text: The

text: Vuelta

text: España

text: was

text: the

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Vuelta

text: España

text: one

text: of

text: cycling

text: 's

text: Grand

text: Tours

text: The

text: race

text: began

text: with

text: team

text: time

text: trial

text: on

text: August

text: in

text: Granada

text: The

text: Vuelta

text: came

text: to

text: close

text: twenty

text: three

text: days

text: later

text: with

text: flat

text: stage

text: which

text: brought

text: the

text: peloton

text: into

text: the

text: streets

text: of

text: Madrid

text: Nineteen

text: teams

text: entered

text: the

text: race

text: which

text: was

text: won

text: by

text: the

text: Spaniard

text: Alberto

text: Contador

text: of

text: Second

text: and

text: third

text: respectively

text: were

text: the

text: American

text: Levi

text: Leipheimer

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Carlos

text: Sastre

text: of

text: Riccardo Riccò (born 1 September 1983 in Formigine) is a former professional road bicycle racer from Italy. He remains under contract to UCI Continental team Meridiana-Kamen, but is suspended from all competition until 2024. He was previously ejected from the 2008 Tour de France for doping violations and suspended. Riccò returned to competition in late-2010, but in February 2011 he was fired by his team, , after he became seriously ill allegedly through a self-administered autologous blood transfusion.

text: Riccardo

text: Riccò

text: born

text: September

text: in

text: Formigine

text: is

text: former

text: professional

text: road

text: bicycle

text: racer

text: from

text: Italy

text: He

text: remains

text: under

text: contract

text: to

text: UCI

text: Continental

text: team

text: Meridiana

text: Kamen

text: but

text: is

text: suspended

text: from

text: all

text: competition

text: until

text: He

text: was

text: previously

text: ejected

text: from

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: for

text: doping

text: violations

text: and

text: suspended

text: Riccò

text: returned

text: to

text: competition

text: in

text: but

text: in

text: February

text: he

text: was

text: fired

text: by

text: his

text: team

text: after

text: he

text: became

text: seriously

text: ill

text: allegedly

text: through

text: self

text: administered

text: autologous

text: blood

text: transfusion

text: Hephaestus (or ; eight spellings; Ancient Greek: "Hphaistos") is the Greek god of blacksmiths, craftsmen, artisans, sculptors, metals, metallurgy, fire and volcanoes. Hephaestus' Roman equivalent is Vulcan. In Greek mythology, Hephaestus was the son of Zeus and Hera, the king and queen of the gods. In another version, he was Hera's parthenogenous child, rejected by his mother because of his deformity and thrown off of Mount Olympus and down to earth.

text: Hephaestus

text: or

text: eight

text: spellings

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: Hphaistos

text: is

text: the

text: Greek

text: god

text: of

text: blacksmiths

text: craftsmen

text: artisans

text: sculptors

text: metals

text: metallurgy

text: fire

text: and

text: volcanoes

text: Hephaestus

text: Roman

text: equivalent

text: is

text: Vulcan

text: In

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: Hephaestus

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Zeus

text: and

text: Hera

text: the

text: king

text: and

text: queen

text: of

text: the

text: gods

text: In

text: another

text: version

text: he

text: was

text: Hera

text: 's

text: parthenogenous

text: child

text: rejected

text: by

text: his

text: mother

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: deformity

text: and

text: thrown

text: off

text: of

text: Mount

text: Olympus

text: and

text: down

text: to

text: earth

text: The Tour de France is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries. The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper "L'Auto"; which is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation. The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars. As the Tour gained prominence and popularity the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe. Participation expanded from a primarily French field, as riders from all over the world began to participate in the race each year. The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite.

text: The

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: multiple

text: stage

text: bicycle

text: race

text: primarily

text: held

text: in

text: France

text: while

text: also

text: occasionally

text: making

text: passes

text: through

text: nearby

text: countries

text: The

text: race

text: was

text: first

text: organized

text: in

text: to

text: increase

text: sales

text: for

text: the

text: newspaper

text: L'Auto

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Amaury

text: Sport

text: Organisation

text: The

text: race

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: annually

text: since

text: its

text: first

text: edition

text: in

text: except

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: stopped

text: for

text: the

text: two

text: World

text: Wars

text: As

text: the

text: Tour

text: gained

text: prominence

text: and

text: popularity

text: the

text: race

text: was

text: lengthened

text: and

text: its

text: reach

text: began

text: to

text: extend

text: around

text: the

text: globe

text: Participation

text: expanded

text: from

text: primarily

text: French

text: field

text: as

text: riders

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: began

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: race

text: each

text: year

text: The

text: Tour

text: is

text: UCI

text: World

text: Tour

text: event

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: teams

text: that

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: race

text: are

text: mostly

text: UCI

text: WorldTeams

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: teams

text: that

text: the

text: organizers

text: invite

text: Mount Etna (or Etna or "Mongibello" , or "â Muntagna") is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, in the Metropolitan City of Catania, between the cities of Messina and Catania. It lies above the convergent plate margin between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate. It is the tallest active volcano in Europe, currently high, though this varies with summit eruptions. It is the highest peak in Italy south of the Alps. Etna covers an area of with a basal circumference of 140 km. This makes it by far the largest of the three active volcanoes in Italy, being about two and a half times the height of the next largest, Mount Vesuvius. Only Mount Teide in Tenerife (owned by Spain) surpasses it in the whole of the EuropeanNorth-African region. In Greek Mythology, the deadly monster Typhon was trapped under this mountain by Zeus, the god of the sky and thunder and king of gods, and the forges of Hephaestus were said to also be located underneath it.

text: Mount

text: Etna

text: or

text: Etna

text: or

text: Mongibello

text: or

text: â

text: Muntagna

text: is

text: an

text: active

text: stratovolcano

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: Sicily

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Catania

text: between

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Messina

text: and

text: Catania

text: It

text: lies

text: above

text: the

text: convergent

text: plate

text: margin

text: between

text: the

text: African

text: Plate

text: and

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: Plate

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: tallest

text: active

text: volcano

text: in

text: Europe

text: currently

text: high

text: though

text: this

text: varies

text: with

text: summit

text: eruptions

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: Italy

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: Etna

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: with

text: basal

text: circumference

text: of

text: km

text: This

text: makes

text: it

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: active

text: volcanoes

text: in

text: Italy

text: being

text: about

text: two

text: and

text: half

text: times

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: largest

text: Mount

text: Vesuvius

text: Only

text: Mount

text: Teide

text: in

text: Tenerife

text: owned

text: by

text: Spain

text: surpasses

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: EuropeanNorth

text: African

text: region

text: In

text: Greek

text: Mythology

text: the

text: deadly

text: monster

text: Typhon

text: was

text: trapped

text: under

text: this

text: mountain

text: by

text: Zeus

text: the

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: sky

text: and

text: thunder

text: and

text: king

text: of

text: gods

text: and

text: the

text: forges

text: of

text: Hephaestus

text: were

text: said

text: to

text: also

text: be

text: located

text: underneath

text: it

text: Levi Leipheimer (born October 24, 1973) is an American former professional road racing cyclist. He was twice US national champion, winning the time trial title in 1999 and the road race in 2007, and is an Olympic medalist. Leipheimer was born and raised in Butte, Montana and resides in Santa Rosa, California with his Canadian wife Odessa Gunn. He is the patron of the widely attended King Ridge GranFondo, a mass participation ride in Sonoma County.

text: Levi

text: Leipheimer

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: former

text: professional

text: road

text: racing

text: cyclist

text: He

text: was

text: twice

text: US

text: national

text: champion

text: winning

text: the

text: time

text: trial

text: title

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: road

text: race

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: Olympic

text: medalist

text: Leipheimer

text: was

text: born

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Butte

text: Montana

text: and

text: resides

text: in

text: Santa

text: Rosa

text: California

text: with

text: his

text: Canadian

text: wife

text: Odessa

text: Gunn

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: patron

text: of

text: the

text: widely

text: attended

text: King

text: Ridge

text: GranFondo

text: mass

text: participation

text: ride

text: in

text: Sonoma

text: County

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: The African Plate is a major tectonic plate straddling the equator as well as the prime meridian. It includes much of the continent of Africa, as well as oceanic crust which lies between the continent and various surrounding ocean ridges. Between and , the Somali Plate began rifting from the African Plate along the East African Rift. Since the continent of Africa consists of crust from both the African and the Somali plates, some literature refers to the African Plate as the Nubian Plate to distinguish it from the continent as a whole.

text: The

text: African

text: Plate

text: is

text: major

text: tectonic

text: plate

text: straddling

text: the

text: equator

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: prime

text: meridian

text: It

text: includes

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Africa

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: oceanic

text: crust

text: which

text: lies

text: between

text: the

text: continent

text: and

text: various

text: surrounding

text: ocean

text: ridges

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: Somali

text: Plate

text: began

text: rifting

text: from

text: the

text: African

text: Plate

text: along

text: the

text: East

text: African

text: Rift

text: Since

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Africa

text: consists

text: of

text: crust

text: from

text: both

text: the

text: African

text: and

text: the

text: Somali

text: plates

text: some

text: literature

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: African

text: Plate

text: as

text: the

text: Nubian

text: Plate

text: to

text: distinguish

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: continent

text: as

text: whole

text: The Giro d'Italia (aka Corsa Rosa or Giro) is an annual multiple-stage bicycle race primarily held in Italy, while also occasionally passing through nearby countries. The race was first organized in 1909 to increase sales of the newspaper "La Gazzetta dello Sport"; however it is currently run by RCS Sport. The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1909, except when it was stopped for the two world wars. As the Giro gained prominence and popularity the race was lengthened, and the peloton expanded from primarily Italian participation to riders from all over the world. The Giro is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI Proteams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers can invite.

text: The

text: Giro

text: d'Italia

text: aka

text: Corsa

text: Rosa

text: or

text: Giro

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: multiple

text: stage

text: bicycle

text: race

text: primarily

text: held

text: in

text: Italy

text: while

text: also

text: occasionally

text: passing

text: through

text: nearby

text: countries

text: The

text: race

text: was

text: first

text: organized

text: in

text: to

text: increase

text: sales

text: of

text: the

text: newspaper

text: La

text: Gazzetta

text: dello

text: Sport

text: however

text: it

text: is

text: currently

text: run

text: by

text: RCS

text: Sport

text: The

text: race

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: annually

text: since

text: its

text: first

text: edition

text: in

text: except

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: stopped

text: for

text: the

text: two

text: world

text: wars

text: As

text: the

text: Giro

text: gained

text: prominence

text: and

text: popularity

text: the

text: race

text: was

text: lengthened

text: and

text: the

text: peloton

text: expanded

text: from

text: primarily

text: Italian

text: participation

text: to

text: riders

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Giro

text: is

text: UCI

text: World

text: Tour

text: event

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: teams

text: that

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: race

text: are

text: mostly

text: UCI

text: Proteams

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: teams

text: that

text: the

text: organizers

text: can

text: invite

text: The general classification (or the GC) in bicycle racing is the category that tracks overall times for bicycle riders in multi-stage bicycle races. Each stage will have a stage winner, but the overall winner in the GC is the rider who has the fastest time when all the stage results are added together.

text: The

text: general

text: classification

text: or

text: the

text: GC

text: in

text: bicycle

text: racing

text: is

text: the

text: category

text: that

text: tracks

text: overall

text: times

text: for

text: bicycle

text: riders

text: in

text: multi

text: stage

text: bicycle

text: races

text: Each

text: stage

text: will

text: have

text: stage

text: winner

text: but

text: the

text: overall

text: winner

text: in

text: the

text: GC

text: is

text: the

text: rider

text: who

text: has

text: the

text: fastest

text: time

text: when

text: all

text: the

text: stage

text: results

text: are

text: added

text: together

text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: Palermo (Sicilian: "Palermu", , from , "Panormos", , "Balarm"; Phoenician: , "Ziz") is a city of Southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is located in the northwest of the island of Sicily, right by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.

text: Palermo

text: Sicilian

text: Palermu

text: from

text: Panormos

text: Balarm

text: Phoenician

text: Ziz

text: is

text: city

text: of

text: Southern

text: Italy

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: autonomous

text: region

text: of

text: Sicily

text: and

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Palermo

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: history

text: culture

text: architecture

text: and

text: gastronomy

text: playing

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: throughout

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: it

text: is

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: Palermo

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Sicily

text: right

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Palermo

text: in

text: the

text: Tyrrhenian

text: Sea

text: Zeus ("Zeús", ; Modern , "Días" ) was the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical to those of the Indo-European deities such as Indra, Jupiter, Perun, Thor, and Odin.

text: Zeus

text: Zeús

text: Modern

text: Días

text: was

text: the

text: sky

text: and

text: thunder

text: god

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: religion

text: who

text: ruled

text: as

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: gods

text: of

text: Mount

text: Olympus

text: His

text: name

text: is

text: cognate

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: element

text: of

text: his

text: Roman

text: equivalent

text: Jupiter

text: His

text: mythologies

text: and

text: powers

text: are

text: similar

text: though

text: not

text: identical

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: deities

text: such

text: as

text: Indra

text: Jupiter

text: Perun

text: Thor

text: and

text: Odin

question: occupation alberto contador

answer: bicycle racer

text: bicycle racer

text: bicycle racer

text: bicycle racer


text: The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation is a private foundation ( Swedish : Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse ) , founded in 1917 by a donation of SEK 20 million by the chairman of the Stockholms Enskilda Bank , Knut Agathon Wallenberg and his wife Alice . The foundation is the largest of the Wallenberg foundations , and one of the largest Swedish funders of research . Since its founding the Foundation has disbursed approximately 16 Billion Kronor .

text: The

text: Knut

text: and

text: Alice

text: Wallenberg

text: Foundation

text: is

text: private

text: foundation

text: Swedish

text: Knut

text: och

text: Alice

text: Wallenbergs

text: Stiftelse

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: donation

text: of

text: SEK

text: million

text: by

text: the

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Stockholms

text: Enskilda

text: Bank

text: Knut

text: Agathon

text: Wallenberg

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Alice

text: The

text: foundation

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Wallenberg

text: foundations

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: Swedish

text: funders

text: of

text: research

text: Since

text: its

text: founding

text: the

text: Foundation

text: has

text: disbursed

text: approximately

text: Billion

text: Kronor

text: Stockholms Enskilda Bank, sometimes called Enskilda banken or SEB, was a Swedish bank, founded in 1856 by André Oscar Wallenberg as Stockholm's first private bank. In 1857, Stockholms Enskilda Bank began to employ women, claiming to be the first bank in the world doing so.

text: Stockholms

text: Enskilda

text: Bank

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Enskilda

text: banken

text: or

text: SEB

text: was

text: Swedish

text: bank

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: André

text: Oscar

text: Wallenberg

text: as

text: Stockholm

text: 's

text: first

text: private

text: bank

text: In

text: Stockholms

text: Enskilda

text: Bank

text: began

text: to

text: employ

text: women

text: claiming

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: bank

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: doing

text: so

text: Knut Agathon Wallenberg, (19 May 1853 - 1 June 1938), was a Swedish banker and politician, he was also Knight of the Order of the Seraphim. He was son of the banker and politician André Oscar Wallenberg, and his wife Catharina Wilhelmina Andersson. In 1878, he married Alice Nickelsen. He was a member of the prominent Wallenberg family.

text: Knut

text: Agathon

text: Wallenberg

text: May

text: June

text: was

text: Swedish

text: banker

text: and

text: politician

text: he

text: was

text: also

text: Knight

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: the

text: Seraphim

text: He

text: was

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: banker

text: and

text: politician

text: André

text: Oscar

text: Wallenberg

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Catharina

text: Wilhelmina

text: Andersson

text: In

text: he

text: married

text: Alice

text: Nickelsen

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: prominent

text: Wallenberg

text: family

text: A knight is a person granted an honorary title of "knighthood" by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country, especially in a military capacity. Historically, in Europe, knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors. During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility. By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior. Often, a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings. The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in battle on horseback. Since the early modern period, the title of knight is purely honorific, usually bestowed by a monarch, as in the British honours system, often for non-military service to the country. The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame.

text: knight

text: is

text: person

text: granted

text: an

text: honorary

text: title

text: of

text: knighthood

text: by

text: monarch

text: or

text: other

text: political

text: leader

text: for

text: service

text: to

text: the

text: monarch

text: or

text: country

text: especially

text: in

text: military

text: capacity

text: Historically

text: in

text: Europe

text: knighthood

text: was

text: conferred

text: upon

text: mounted

text: warriors

text: During

text: the

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: knighthood

text: was

text: considered

text: class

text: of

text: lower

text: nobility

text: By

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: rank

text: had

text: become

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: ideals

text: of

text: chivalry

text: code

text: of

text: conduct

text: for

text: the

text: perfect

text: courtly

text: Christian

text: warrior

text: Often

text: knight

text: was

text: vassal

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: fighter

text: for

text: lord

text: with

text: payment

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: land

text: holdings

text: The

text: lords

text: trusted

text: the

text: knights

text: who

text: were

text: skilled

text: in

text: battle

text: on

text: horseback

text: Since

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: period

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: knight

text: is

text: purely

text: honorific

text: usually

text: bestowed

text: by

text: monarch

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: honours

text: system

text: often

text: for

text: non

text: military

text: service

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: modern

text: female

text: equivalent

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: is

text: Dame

text: A Found Operations in the England and or a private foundation in the United States is a legal entity set up by an individual, a family or a group of individuals, for a purpose such as philanthropy or an object legal in the economic operation. The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is the largest private foundation in the U.S. with over $38 billion in assets. However, most private foundations are much smaller. Approximately two-thirds of the more than 84,000 foundations which file with the IRS, in 2008, have less than $1 million in assets, and 93% have less than $10 million in assets. In aggregate, private foundations in the U.S. control over $628 billion in assets and made more than $44 billion in charitable contributions in 2007.

text: Found

text: Operations

text: in

text: the

text: England

text: and

text: or

text: private

text: foundation

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: legal

text: entity

text: set

text: up

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: family

text: or

text: group

text: of

text: individuals

text: for

text: purpose

text: such

text: as

text: philanthropy

text: or

text: an

text: object

text: legal

text: in

text: the

text: economic

text: operation

text: The

text: Bill

text: Melinda

text: Gates

text: Foundation

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: private

text: foundation

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: in

text: assets

text: However

text: most

text: private

text: foundations

text: are

text: much

text: smaller

text: Approximately

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: than

text: foundations

text: which

text: file

text: with

text: the

text: IRS

text: in

text: have

text: less

text: than

text: million

text: in

text: assets

text: and

text: have

text: less

text: than

text: million

text: in

text: assets

text: In

text: aggregate

text: private

text: foundations

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: control

text: over

text: billion

text: in

text: assets

text: and

text: made

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: in

text: charitable

text: contributions

text: in

text:
The Wallenberg family (known as The Wallenbergs or simply Wallenbergs) is a prominent Swedish family renowned as bankers, industrialists, politicians, bureaucrats, diplomats.
The Wallenbergs are present in most large Swedish industrial groups, like Ericsson, Electrolux, ABB, SAS Group, SKF, AIK, Atlas Copco and more.
In 1990 and subsequent years, the "Wallenberg sphere" controlled nearly one-third of the GDP of Sweden.

text: The

text: Wallenberg

text: family

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Wallenbergs

text: or

text: simply

text: Wallenbergs

text: is

text: prominent

text: Swedish

text: family

text: renowned

text: as

text: bankers

text: industrialists

text: politicians

text: bureaucrats

text: diplomats

text: The

text: Wallenbergs

text: are

text: present

text: in

text: most

text: large

text: Swedish

text: industrial

text: groups

text: like

text: Ericsson

text: Electrolux

text: ABB

text: SAS

text: Group

text: SKF

text: AIK

text: Atlas

text: Copco

text: and

text: more

text: In

text: and

text: subsequent

text: years

text: the

text: Wallenberg

text: sphere

text: controlled

text: nearly

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: GDP

text: of

text: Sweden

annotations: likely single

question: country knut and alice wallenberg foundation

answer: sweden

text: sweden