text: Abkhazia (' ; ' ) is a partially recognised state on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus Mountains, south of Russia and northwest of Georgia proper. It covers and has a population of around 240,000. Its capital is Sukhumi. The separatist Abkhazian polity, formally the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny, is recognised only by Russia and a small number of other countries. While Georgia lacks control over Abkhazia, the Georgian government, the United Nations and the majority of the world's governments consider Abkhazia part of Georgia, whose constitution designates the area the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.

text: Abkhazia

text: is

text: partially

text: recognised

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: flank

text: of

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: south

text: of

text: Russia

text: and

text: northwest

text: of

text: Georgia

text: proper

text: It

text: covers

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Sukhumi

text: The

text: separatist

text: Abkhazian

text: polity

text: formally

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Abkhazia

text: or

text: Apsny

text: is

text: recognised

text: only

text: by

text: Russia

text: and

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: countries

text: While

text: Georgia

text: lacks

text: control

text: over

text: Abkhazia

text: the

text: Georgian

text: government

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: governments

text: consider

text: Abkhazia

text: part

text: of

text: Georgia

text: whose

text: constitution

text: designates

text: the

text: area

text: the

text: Autonomous

text: Republic

text: of

text: Abkhazia

text: The written Abkhaz literature appeared relatively recently in the beginning of the 20th century although Abkhaz oral tradition is quite rich. Abkhaz share with other Caucasian peoples the Nart sagas  series of tales about mythical heroes, some of which can be considered as creation myths and ancient theology. There also exist historical legends (for example about princes), brigands' and hunters' songs, satirical songs and songs about the Caucasian War and various ritual songs.

text: The

text: written

text: Abkhaz

text: literature

text: appeared

text: relatively

text: recently

text: in

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: although

text: Abkhaz

text: oral

text: tradition

text: is

text: quite

text: rich

text: Abkhaz

text: share

text: with

text: other

text: Caucasian

text: peoples

text: the

text: Nart

text: sagas

text: series

text: of

text: tales

text: about

text: mythical

text: heroes

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: as

text: creation

text: myths

text: and

text: ancient

text: theology

text: There

text: also

text: exist

text: historical

text: legends

text: for

text: example

text: about

text: princes

text: brigands

text: and

text: hunters

text: songs

text: satirical

text: songs

text: and

text: songs

text: about

text: the

text: Caucasian

text: War

text: and

text: various

text: ritual

text: songs

text: The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It is supplied by a number of major rivers, such as the Danube, Dnieper, Rioni, Southern Bug, and Dniester. The Black Sea has an area of (not including the Sea of Azov), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and features a wide shelf to the northwest. The longest east-west extent is about .

text: The

text: Black

text: Sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: between

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bounded

text: by

text: Bulgaria

text: Georgia

text: Romania

text: Russia

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: It

text: is

text: supplied

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: major

text: rivers

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Danube

text: Dnieper

text: Rioni

text: Southern

text: Bug

text: and

text: Dniester

text: The

text: Black

text: Sea

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: not

text: including

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: maximum

text: depth

text: of

text: and

text: volume

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: constrained

text: by

text: the

text: Pontic

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: features

text: wide

text: shelf

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: The

text: longest

text: east

text: west

text: extent

text: is

text: about

text: The Caucasus Mountains are a mountain system in Eurasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea in the Caucasus region.

text: The

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: are

text: mountain

text: system

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: between

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: region

text: Dmitry Gulia ( Abkhaz :   -   ; Georgian :   ; 9 February 1874 -- 7 April 1960 ) was an Abkhazian Soviet writer and poet , considered to be one of the founders of Abkhaz literature . Dmitry Iosifovich Gulia was born to a peasant family in Uarcha village , in the modern Gulripshi District of Abkhazia , Georgia . Gulia studied at a teacher seminary in the city of Gori . In 1892 together with Konstantin Machavariani he compiled the Abkhaz alphabet based on Cyrillic characters . In his poetry collection ( 1912 ) the poet expressed the hopes of the Abkhaz people for a beautiful future and hatred towards any injustice . In 1921 Gulia organized and headed the first Abkhaz theater group . He was an editor of the first Abkhaz newspaper Apsny ( Abkhazia ) . His diverse activities reached the culmination in the Soviet times . His lyrics are penetrated with the pathos of creation , friendship , and unity of nations ( epics Song about Abkhazia , 1940 , Autumn in the Countryside , 1946 , etc. ) . Gulia wrote the first Abkhaz novella , Under Someone Else 's Sky ( 1919 ) . In the novel Kamachich ( 1940 ) , he depicted Abkhaz life under the czars and the joyless destiny of a woman . Gulia 's role in Abkhaz culture development is enormous . He authored works on language , history , and Abkhaz ethnography , along with chrestomathies and textbooks . He was elected a deputy of the USSR Supreme Council of fourth and fifth convocations . He was awarded the Order of Lenin . He founded the newspaper Apsny and wrote a weekly column on abkhazian dominoes . Dmitry Gulia died on April 7 , 1960 in the village of Agudzera in Abkhazia and was buried in the city of Sukhumi .

text: Dmitry

text: Gulia

text: Abkhaz

text: Georgian

text: February

text: April

text: was

text: an

text: Abkhazian

text: Soviet

text: writer

text: and

text: poet

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: Abkhaz

text: literature

text: Dmitry

text: Iosifovich

text: Gulia

text: was

text: born

text: to

text: peasant

text: family

text: in

text: Uarcha

text: village

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: Gulripshi

text: District

text: of

text: Abkhazia

text: Georgia

text: Gulia

text: studied

text: at

text: teacher

text: seminary

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Gori

text: In

text: together

text: with

text: Konstantin

text: Machavariani

text: he

text: compiled

text: the

text: Abkhaz

text: alphabet

text: based

text: on

text: Cyrillic

text: characters

text: In

text: his

text: poetry

text: collection

text: the

text: poet

text: expressed

text: the

text: hopes

text: of

text: the

text: Abkhaz

text: people

text: for

text: beautiful

text: future

text: and

text: hatred

text: towards

text: any

text: injustice

text: In

text: Gulia

text: organized

text: and

text: headed

text: the

text: first

text: Abkhaz

text: theater

text: group

text: He

text: was

text: an

text: editor

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Abkhaz

text: newspaper

text: Apsny

text: Abkhazia

text: His

text: diverse

text: activities

text: reached

text: the

text: culmination

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: times

text: His

text: lyrics

text: are

text: penetrated

text: with

text: the

text: pathos

text: of

text: creation

text: friendship

text: and

text: unity

text: of

text: nations

text: epics

text: Song

text: about

text: Abkhazia

text: Autumn

text: in

text: the

text: Countryside

text: etc

text: Gulia

text: wrote

text: the

text: first

text: Abkhaz

text: novella

text: Under

text: Someone

text: Else

text: 's

text: Sky

text: In

text: the

text: novel

text: Kamachich

text: he

text: depicted

text: Abkhaz

text: life

text: under

text: the

text: czars

text: and

text: the

text: joyless

text: destiny

text: of

text: woman

text: Gulia

text: 's

text: role

text: in

text: Abkhaz

text: culture

text: development

text: is

text: enormous

text: He

text: authored

text: works

text: on

text: language

text: history

text: and

text: Abkhaz

text: ethnography

text: along

text: with

text: chrestomathies

text: and

text: textbooks

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: deputy

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: Supreme

text: Council

text: of

text: fourth

text: and

text: fifth

text: convocations

text: He

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: Lenin

text: He

text: founded

text: the

text: newspaper

text: Apsny

text: and

text: wrote

text: weekly

text: column

text: on

text: abkhazian

text: dominoes

text: Dmitry

text: Gulia

text: died

text: on

text: April

text: in

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Agudzera

text: in

text: Abkhazia

text: and

text: was

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Sukhumi

text: The Nart sagas (; "Narty kaddžytæ") are a series of tales originating from the North Caucasus. They form the basic mythology of the tribes in the area, including Abazin, Abkhaz, Circassian, Ossetian, Karachay-Balkar and Chechen-Ingush folklore.

text: The

text: Nart

text: sagas

text: Narty

text: kaddžytæ

text: are

text: series

text: of

text: tales

text: originating

text: from

text: the

text: North

text: Caucasus

text: They

text: form

text: the

text: basic

text: mythology

text: of

text: the

text: tribes

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: including

text: Abazin

text: Abkhaz

text: Circassian

text: Ossetian

text: Karachay

text: Balkar

text: and

text: Chechen

text: Ingush

text: folklore

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan, New York City, and experiences extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: organization

text: to

text: promote

text: international

text: co

text: operation

text: replacement

text: for

text: the

text: ineffective

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: the

text: organization

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: October

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prevent

text: another

text: such

text: conflict

text: At

text: its

text: founding

text: the

text: UN

text: had

text: member

text: states

text: there

text: are

text: now

text: The

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: is

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: experiences

text: extraterritoriality

text: Further

text: main

text: offices

text: are

text: situated

text: in

text: Geneva

text: Nairobi

text: and

text: Vienna

text: The

text: organization

text: is

text: financed

text: by

text: assessed

text: and

text: voluntary

text: contributions

text: from

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: Its

text: objectives

text: include

text: maintaining

text: international

text: peace

text: and

text: security

text: promoting

text: human

text: rights

text: fostering

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: development

text: protecting

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: providing

text: humanitarian

text: aid

text: in

text: cases

text: of

text: famine

text: natural

text: disaster

text: and

text: armed

text: conflict

text: The Caucasian War of 18171864 was an invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire which resulted in Russia's annexation of the areas of the North Caucasus, and the Ethnic cleansing of Circassians. It consisted of a series of military actions waged by Russia against territories and tribal groups in Caucasia including: Chechnya, Dagestan, the Circassians (Adyghe, Kabarday), Abkhaz, Abazins, and Ubykh, as Russia sought to expand southward. In Dagestan, resistance to the Russians has been described as jihad.

text: The

text: Caucasian

text: War

text: of

text: was

text: an

text: invasion

text: of

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: by

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: Russia

text: 's

text: annexation

text: of

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Caucasus

text: and

text: the

text: Ethnic

text: cleansing

text: of

text: Circassians

text: It

text: consisted

text: of

text: series

text: of

text: military

text: actions

text: waged

text: by

text: Russia

text: against

text: territories

text: and

text: tribal

text: groups

text: in

text: Caucasia

text: including

text: Chechnya

text: Dagestan

text: the

text: Circassians

text: Adyghe

text: Kabarday

text: Abkhaz

text: Abazins

text: and

text: Ubykh

text: as

text: Russia

text: sought

text: to

text: expand

text: southward

text: In

text: Dagestan

text: resistance

text: to

text: the

text: Russians

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: jihad

text: Sukhumi or Sokhumi ("Aqwa"  "Sukhum(i)") is a city on the Black Sea coast. It is the capital of the breakaway Republic of Abkhazia which has controlled it since the 1992-93 war in Abkhazia, although most of the international community considers it legally part of Georgia.

text: Sukhumi

text: or

text: Sokhumi

text: Aqwa

text: Sukhum(i

text: is

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: coast

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: breakaway

text: Republic

text: of

text: Abkhazia

text: which

text: has

text: controlled

text: it

text: since

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: Abkhazia

text: although

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: considers

text: it

text: legally

text: part

text: of

text: Georgia

text: A creation myth is a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it. While in popular usage the term "myth" often refers to false or fanciful stories, formally, it does not imply falsehood. Cultures generally regard their creation myths as true. In the society in which it is told, a creation myth is usually regarded as conveying profound truths, metaphorically, symbolically and sometimes in a historical or literal sense. They are commonly, although not always, considered cosmogonical myths  that is, they describe the ordering of the cosmos from a state of chaos or amorphousness.

text: creation

text: myth

text: is

text: symbolic

text: narrative

text: of

text: how

text: the

text: world

text: began

text: and

text: how

text: people

text: first

text: came

text: to

text: inhabit

text: it

text: While

text: in

text: popular

text: usage

text: the

text: term

text: myth

text: often

text: refers

text: to

text: false

text: or

text: fanciful

text: stories

text: formally

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: imply

text: falsehood

text: Cultures

text: generally

text: regard

text: their

text: creation

text: myths

text: as

text: true

text: In

text: the

text: society

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: told

text: creation

text: myth

text: is

text: usually

text: regarded

text: as

text: conveying

text: profound

text: truths

text: metaphorically

text: symbolically

text: and

text: sometimes

text: in

text: historical

text: or

text: literal

text: sense

text: They

text: are

text: commonly

text: although

text: not

text: always

text: considered

text: cosmogonical

text: myths

text: that

text: is

text: they

text: describe

text: the

text: ordering

text: of

text: the

text: cosmos

text: from

text: state

text: of

text: chaos

text: or

text: amorphousness

annotations: likely single

question: place_of_birth dmitry gulia

answer: russian empire

text: russian empire


text: The Waffen-SS (Armed SS) was the armed wing of the Nazi Party's SS organisation. Its formations included men from Nazi Germany, along with volunteers and conscripts from both occupied and un-occupied lands.

text: The

text: Waffen

text: SS

text: Armed

text: SS

text: was

text: the

text: armed

text: wing

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: 's

text: SS

text: organisation

text: Its

text: formations

text: included

text: men

text: from

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: along

text: with

text: volunteers

text: and

text: conscripts

text: from

text: both

text: occupied

text: and

text: un

text: occupied

text: lands

text: The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (German language: "Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes"), or simply the Knight's Cross ("Ritterkreuz"), and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.

text: The

text: Knight

text: 's

text: Cross

text: of

text: the

text: Iron

text: Cross

text: German

text: language

text: Ritterkreuz

text: des

text: Eisernen

text: Kreuzes

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: Knight

text: 's

text: Cross

text: Ritterkreuz

text: and

text: its

text: variants

text: were

text: the

text: highest

text: awards

text: in

text: the

text: military

text: and

text: paramilitary

text: forces

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: A tank is an armored fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat, with heavy firepower, strong armour, and tracks providing good battlefield manoeuvrability. The first tanks were designed to overcome the deadlock of trench warfare; now they are a mainstay of modern ground forces and a key part of combined arms combat.

text: tank

text: is

text: an

text: armored

text: fighting

text: vehicle

text: designed

text: for

text: front

text: line

text: combat

text: with

text: heavy

text: firepower

text: strong

text: armour

text: and

text: tracks

text: providing

text: good

text: battlefield

text: manoeuvrability

text: The

text: first

text: tanks

text: were

text: designed

text: to

text: overcome

text: the

text: deadlock

text: of

text: trench

text: warfare

text: now

text: they

text: are

text: mainstay

text: of

text: modern

text: ground

text: forces

text: and

text: key

text: part

text: of

text: combined

text: arms

text: combat

text: Prussia was a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and centred on the region of Prussia. For centuries, the House of ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organised and effective army. Prussia, with its capital in and from 1701 in Berlin, shaped the history of Germany. In 1871, German states united to create the German Empire under Prussian leadership. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the German Revolution of 191819. The Kingdom of Prussia was thus abolished in favour of a republicthe Free State of Prussia, a state of Germany from 1918 until 1933. From 1933, Prussia lost its independence as a result of the Prussian coup, when the Nazi regime was successfully establishing its ' laws in pursuit of a unitary state. With the end of the Nazi regime, the division of Germany into allied-occupation zones and the separation of its territories east of the line, which were incorporated into Poland and the Soviet Union, the State of Prussia ceased to exist de facto in 1945. Prussia existed "" until its formal liquidation by the Allied Control Council Enactment No. 46 of 25 February 1947.

text: Prussia

text: was

text: historic

text: state

text: originating

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: the

text: Margraviate

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: and

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Prussia

text: For

text: centuries

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: ruled

text: Prussia

text: successfully

text: expanding

text: its

text: size

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: an

text: unusually

text: well

text: organised

text: and

text: effective

text: army

text: Prussia

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: in

text: and

text: from

text: in

text: Berlin

text: shaped

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Germany

text: In

text: German

text: states

text: united

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: under

text: Prussian

text: leadership

text: In

text: November

text: the

text: monarchies

text: were

text: abolished

text: and

text: the

text: nobility

text: lost

text: its

text: political

text: power

text: during

text: the

text: German

text: Revolution

text: of

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: was

text: thus

text: abolished

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: republicthe

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Prussia

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: from

text: until

text: From

text: Prussia

text: lost

text: its

text: independence

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: coup

text: when

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: was

text: successfully

text: establishing

text: its

text: laws

text: in

text: pursuit

text: of

text: unitary

text: state

text: With

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: Germany

text: into

text: allied

text: occupation

text: zones

text: and

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: its

text: territories

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: which

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Prussia

text: ceased

text: to

text: exist

text: de

text: facto

text: in

text: Prussia

text: existed

text: until

text: its

text: formal

text: liquidation

text: by

text: the

text: Allied

text: Control

text: Council

text: Enactment

text: No

text: of

text: February

text: World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

text: World

text: War

text: WWI

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: originating

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: military

text: personnel

text: including

text: million

text: Europeans

text: were

text: mobilised

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wars

text: in

text: history

text: Over

text: nine

text: million

text: combatants

text: and

text: seven

text: million

text: civilians

text: died

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: genocides

text: casualty

text: rate

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: technological

text: and

text: industrial

text: sophistication

text: and

text: the

text: tactical

text: stalemate

text: caused

text: by

text: gruelling

text: trench

text: warfare

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflicts

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: changes

text: including

text: revolutions

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: involved

text: The term panzer division as commonly used in English language refers almost exclusively to the armored (tank) division in the army branch of the Wehrmacht and of Nazi Germany during World War II. The panzer divisions were the key element of German success in the Blitzkrieg operations of the early years of the war. Later the Waffen-SS formed panzer divisions, and even the Luftwaffe fielded a panzer division, the Herman Goring Division. The term "Panzerdivision" is still used in today's Heer of the Bundeswehr (for example 1. Panzerdivision). In German speaking countries the term is not immediately associated with the Wehrmacht as it is in English speaking nations, as the word simply means 'armored division' and has no additional connotation.

text: The

text: term

text: panzer

text: division

text: as

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: English

text: language

text: refers

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: to

text: the

text: armored

text: tank

text: division

text: in

text: the

text: army

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Wehrmacht

text: and

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: panzer

text: divisions

text: were

text: the

text: key

text: element

text: of

text: German

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: Blitzkrieg

text: operations

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: Later

text: the

text: Waffen

text: SS

text: formed

text: panzer

text: divisions

text: and

text: even

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: fielded

text: panzer

text: division

text: the

text: Herman

text: Goring

text: Division

text: The

text: term

text: Panzerdivision

text: is

text: still

text: used

text: in

text: today

text: 's

text: Heer

text: of

text: the

text: Bundeswehr

text: for

text: example

text: Panzerdivision

text: In

text: German

text: speaking

text: countries

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: not

text: immediately

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Wehrmacht

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: English

text: speaking

text: nations

text: as

text: the

text: word

text: simply

text: means

text: armored

text: division

text: and

text: has

text: no

text: additional

text: connotation

text: William S. Lind (born July 9, 1947) is an American paleoconservative author. He is the author of several books and one of the first proponents of the Fourth-generation warfare theory. He used the pseudonym Thomas Hobbes in a column for "The American Conservative".

text: William

text: Lind

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: paleoconservative

text: author

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: several

text: books

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: proponents

text: of

text: the

text: Fourth

text: generation

text: warfare

text: theory

text: He

text: used

text: the

text: pseudonym

text: Thomas

text: Hobbes

text: in

text: column

text: for

text: The

text: American

text: Conservative

text: Panzer is a German word that means armour. It is also used by the Germans as an abbreviation meaning ""armoured fighting vehicle"" or tank (the military vehicle). The full German word for "armoured combat vehicle" is "Panzerkampfwagen". The word "Panzer" is occasionally used in English and some other languages as a loanword in the contexts of German military.

text: Panzer

text: is

text: German

text: word

text: that

text: means

text: armour

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Germans

text: as

text: an

text: abbreviation

text: meaning

text: armoured

text: fighting

text: vehicle

text: or

text: tank

text: the

text: military

text: vehicle

text: The

text: full

text: German

text: word

text: for

text: armoured

text: combat

text: vehicle

text: is

text: Panzerkampfwagen

text: The

text: word

text: Panzer

text: is

text: occasionally

text: used

text: in

text: English

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: languages

text: as

text: loanword

text: in

text: the

text: contexts

text: of

text: German

text: military

text: The Luftwaffe was the aerial warfare branch of the combined German Wehrmacht military forces during World War II. Germany's military air arms during the First World War, the "Luftstreitkräfte" of the Army and the "Marine-Fliegerabteilung" of the Navy, had been disbanded in May 1920 as a result of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which stated that Germany was forbidden to have any air force.

text: The

text: Luftwaffe

text: was

text: the

text: aerial

text: warfare

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: combined

text: German

text: Wehrmacht

text: military

text: forces

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Germany

text: 's

text: military

text: air

text: arms

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: Luftstreitkräfte

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: and

text: the

text: Marine

text: Fliegerabteilung

text: of

text: the

text: Navy

text: had

text: been

text: disbanded

text: in

text: May

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: which

text: stated

text: that

text: Germany

text: was

text: forbidden

text: to

text: have

text: any

text: air

text: force

text:
Combined arms is an approach to warfare which seeks to integrate different combat arms of a military to achieve mutually complementary effects (for example, using infantry and armor in an urban environment, where one supports the other, or both support each other). According to strategist William S. Lind, combined arms can be distinguished from the concept of "supporting arms" as follows:
Combined arms hits the enemy with two or more arms simultaneously in such a manner that the actions he must take to defend himself from one make him more vulnerable to another. In contrast, supporting arms is hitting the enemy with two or more arms in sequence, or if simultaneously, then in such combination that the actions the enemy must take to defend himself from one also defends himself from the other(s).

text: Combined

text: arms

text: is

text: an

text: approach

text: to

text: warfare

text: which

text: seeks

text: to

text: integrate

text: different

text: combat

text: arms

text: of

text: military

text: to

text: achieve

text: mutually

text: complementary

text: effects

text: for

text: example

text: using

text: infantry

text: and

text: armor

text: in

text: an

text: urban

text: environment

text: where

text: one

text: supports

text: the

text: other

text: or

text: both

text: support

text: each

text: other

text: According

text: to

text: strategist

text: William

text: Lind

text: combined

text: arms

text: can

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: supporting

text: arms

text: as

text: follows

text: Combined

text: arms

text: hits

text: the

text: enemy

text: with

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: arms

text: simultaneously

text: in

text: such

text: manner

text: that

text: the

text: actions

text: he

text: must

text: take

text: to

text: defend

text: himself

text: from

text: one

text: make

text: him

text: more

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: another

text: In

text: contrast

text: supporting

text: arms

text: is

text: hitting

text: the

text: enemy

text: with

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: arms

text: in

text: sequence

text: or

text: if

text: simultaneously

text: then

text: in

text: such

text: combination

text: that

text: the

text: actions

text: the

text: enemy

text: must

text: take

text: to

text: defend

text: himself

text: from

text: one

text: also

text: defends

text: himself

text: from

text: the

text: other(s

text: Königsberg (until 1946 officially: Königsberg in Preußen) was a city in the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights, the Duchy of Prussia, the Kingdom of Prussia and Germany until 1946. After being largely destroyed in World War II by Allied Forces and then annexed by the Soviet Union thereafter, the city was renamed Kaliningrad, and few traces of the former Königsberg remain today. The literal meaning of Königsberg is 'Kings Mountain'. In the local Low German dialect, spoken by many of its German former inhabitants, the name was "Kenigsbarg". Further names included , Old Prussian: "Kunnegsgarbs, Knigsberg", and .

text: Königsberg

text: until

text: officially

text: Königsberg

text: in

text: Preußen

text: was

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: monastic

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Teutonic

text: Knights

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Prussia

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: Germany

text: until

text: After

text: being

text: largely

text: destroyed

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: by

text: Allied

text: Forces

text: and

text: then

text: annexed

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: thereafter

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: renamed

text: Kaliningrad

text: and

text: few

text: traces

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Königsberg

text: remain

text: today

text: The

text: literal

text: meaning

text: of

text: Königsberg

text: is

text: Kings

text: Mountain

text: In

text: the

text: local

text: Low

text: German

text: dialect

text: spoken

text: by

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: German

text: former

text: inhabitants

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: Kenigsbarg

text: Further

text: names

text: included

text: Old

text: Prussian

text: Kunnegsgarbs

text: Knigsberg

text: and

text: The military, also called the armed forces, are forces authorized to use deadly force, and weapons, to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens. The task of the military is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens, and the prosecution of war against another state. The military may also have additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within a society, including, the promotion of a political agenda, protecting corporate economic interests, internal population control, construction, emergency services, social ceremonies, and guarding important areas. The military can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil society, through the development of separate infrastructures, which may include housing, schools, utilities, food production and banking.

text: The

text: military

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: are

text: forces

text: authorized

text: to

text: use

text: deadly

text: force

text: and

text: weapons

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: citizens

text: The

text: task

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: is

text: usually

text: defined

text: as

text: defense

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: its

text: citizens

text: and

text: the

text: prosecution

text: of

text: war

text: against

text: another

text: state

text: The

text: military

text: may

text: also

text: have

text: additional

text: sanctioned

text: and

text: non

text: sanctioned

text: functions

text: within

text: society

text: including

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: political

text: agenda

text: protecting

text: corporate

text: economic

text: interests

text: internal

text: population

text: control

text: construction

text: emergency

text: services

text: social

text: ceremonies

text: and

text: guarding

text: important

text: areas

text: The

text: military

text: can

text: also

text: function

text: as

text: discrete

text: subculture

text: within

text: larger

text: civil

text: society

text: through

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: separate

text: infrastructures

text: which

text: may

text: include

text: housing

text: schools

text: utilities

text: food

text: production

text: and

text: banking

text: The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force") was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1946. It consisted of the "Heer" (army), the "Kriegsmarine" (navy) and the "Luftwaffe" (air force). The designation "Wehrmacht" for Nazi Germany's military replaced the previously used term, "Reichswehr" (191935), and was the manifestation of Nazi Germany's efforts to rearm the nation to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.

text: The

text: Wehrmacht

text: lit

text: defence

text: force

text: was

text: the

text: unified

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: Heer

text: army

text: the

text: Kriegsmarine

text: navy

text: and

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: air

text: force

text: The

text: designation

text: Wehrmacht

text: for

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: 's

text: military

text: replaced

text: the

text: previously

text: used

text: term

text: Reichswehr

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: manifestation

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: 's

text: efforts

text: to

text: rearm

text: the

text: nation

text: to

text: greater

text: extent

text: than

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: permitted

text: The East Prussia Panzer Unit ( Panzerverband Ostpreußen ) was an ad hoc combined arms unit created for operations out of East Prussia during the Invasion of Poland in 1939 . It was generally called Panzer Division Kempf after General Werner Kempf assumed command , though it was only about half the strength of the other panzer divisions of the time .

text: The

text: East

text: Prussia

text: Panzer

text: Unit

text: Panzerverband

text: Ostpreußen

text: was

text: an

text: ad

text: hoc

text: combined

text: arms

text: unit

text: created

text: for

text: operations

text: out

text: of

text: East

text: Prussia

text: during

text: the

text: Invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: generally

text: called

text: Panzer

text: Division

text: Kempf

text: after

text: General

text: Werner

text: Kempf

text: assumed

text: command

text: though

text: it

text: was

text: only

text: about

text: half

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: panzer

text: divisions

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text:
The Iron Cross (abbreviated EK) was a military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire (18711918) and Nazi Germany (19331945). It was established by King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia in March 1813 backdated to the birthday of his late wife Queen Louise on 10 March 1813 during the Napoleonic Wars (EK 1813). Louise was the first person to receive this decoration (posthumous). The recommissioned Iron Cross was also awarded during the Franco-Prussian War (EK 1870), World War I (EK 1914), and World War II (EK 1939, re-introduced with a swastika added in the center).
The Iron Cross was normally a military decoration only, though there were instances of it being awarded to civilians for performing military functions. Two examples of this were civilian test pilots Hanna Reitsch who was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class and 1st Class and Melitta Schenk Gräfin von Stauffenberg, who was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class, for their actions as pilots during World War II.

text: The

text: Iron

text: Cross

text: abbreviated

text: EK

text: was

text: military

text: decoration

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: and

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: King

text: Friedrich

text: Wilhelm

text: III

text: of

text: Prussia

text: in

text: March

text: backdated

text: to

text: the

text: birthday

text: of

text: his

text: late

text: wife

text: Queen

text: Louise

text: on

text: March

text: during

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: EK

text: Louise

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: receive

text: this

text: decoration

text: posthumous

text: The

text: recommissioned

text: Iron

text: Cross

text: was

text: also

text: awarded

text: during

text: the

text: Franco

text: Prussian

text: War

text: EK

text: World

text: War

text: EK

text: and

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: EK

text: re

text: introduced

text: with

text: swastika

text: added

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: The

text: Iron

text: Cross

text: was

text: normally

text: military

text: decoration

text: only

text: though

text: there

text: were

text: instances

text: of

text: it

text: being

text: awarded

text: to

text: civilians

text: for

text: performing

text: military

text: functions

text: Two

text: examples

text: of

text: this

text: were

text: civilian

text: test

text: pilots

text: Hanna

text: Reitsch

text: who

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Iron

text: Cross

text: Class

text: and

text: Class

text: and

text: Melitta

text: Schenk

text: Gräfin

text: von

text: Stauffenberg

text: who

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Iron

text: Cross

text: Class

text: for

text: their

text: actions

text: as

text: pilots

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Combat arms (or fighting arms in non-American parlance) is a collective name in a system of administrative military reference to those troops within national armed forces which participate in direct tactical ground combat. In general they include units that carry or employ a weapon system such as infantry, cavalry, and artillery units. The use of multiple combat arms in mutually supporting ways is known as combined arms.

text: Combat

text: arms

text: or

text: fighting

text: arms

text: in

text: non

text: American

text: parlance

text: is

text: collective

text: name

text: in

text: system

text: of

text: administrative

text: military

text: reference

text: to

text: those

text: troops

text: within

text: national

text: armed

text: forces

text: which

text: participate

text: in

text: direct

text: tactical

text: ground

text: combat

text: In

text: general

text: they

text: include

text: units

text: that

text: carry

text: or

text: employ

text: weapon

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: infantry

text: cavalry

text: and

text: artillery

text: units

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: multiple

text: combat

text: arms

text: in

text: mutually

text: supporting

text: ways

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: combined

text: arms

text: The Bundeswehr ("Federal Defence") is the unified armed forces of Germany and their civil administration and procurement authorities. The States of Germany are not allowed to maintain armed forces of their own, since the German Constitution states that matters of defense fall into the sole responsibility of the federal government.

text: The

text: Bundeswehr

text: Federal

text: Defence

text: is

text: the

text: unified

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: Germany

text: and

text: their

text: civil

text: administration

text: and

text: procurement

text: authorities

text: The

text: States

text: of

text: Germany

text: are

text: not

text: allowed

text: to

text: maintain

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: since

text: the

text: German

text: Constitution

text: states

text: that

text: matters

text: of

text: defense

text: fall

text: into

text: the

text: sole

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: Infantry is the general branch of an army that engages in military combat on foot. As the troops who engage with the enemy in close-ranged combat, infantry units bear the largest brunt of warfare and typically suffer the greatest number of casualties during a military campaign. Historically, as the oldest branch of the combat arms, the infantry are the tip of the spear of a modern army, and continually undergo training that is typically more physically demanding and psychologically stressful than that of any other branch of the combat arms. Common representations of infantry fighting forces include the U.S. Army Infantry Branch, U.S. Marine Corps Infantry, Royal Canadian Infantry Corps, Infantry of the British Army, and the Royal Australian Corps of Infantry.

text: Infantry

text: is

text: the

text: general

text: branch

text: of

text: an

text: army

text: that

text: engages

text: in

text: military

text: combat

text: on

text: foot

text: As

text: the

text: troops

text: who

text: engage

text: with

text: the

text: enemy

text: in

text: close

text: ranged

text: combat

text: infantry

text: units

text: bear

text: the

text: largest

text: brunt

text: of

text: warfare

text: and

text: typically

text: suffer

text: the

text: greatest

text: number

text: of

text: casualties

text: during

text: military

text: campaign

text: Historically

text: as

text: the

text: oldest

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: combat

text: arms

text: the

text: infantry

text: are

text: the

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: spear

text: of

text: modern

text: army

text: and

text: continually

text: undergo

text: training

text: that

text: is

text: typically

text: more

text: physically

text: demanding

text: and

text: psychologically

text: stressful

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: any

text: other

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: combat

text: arms

text: Common

text: representations

text: of

text: infantry

text: fighting

text: forces

text: include

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: Infantry

text: Branch

text: U.S.

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: Infantry

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Infantry

text: Corps

text: Infantry

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Army

text: and

text: the

text: Royal

text: Australian

text: Corps

text: of

text: Infantry

text: </div> War is a state of armed conflict between societies. It is generally characterized by extreme aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. An absence of war is usually called "peace". Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant casualties.

text: /div

text: War

text: is

text: state

text: of

text: armed

text: conflict

text: between

text: societies

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: characterized

text: by

text: extreme

text: aggression

text: destruction

text: and

text: mortality

text: using

text: regular

text: or

text: irregular

text: military

text: forces

text: An

text: absence

text: of

text: war

text: is

text: usually

text: called

text: peace

text: Warfare

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: common

text: activities

text: and

text: characteristics

text: of

text: types

text: of

text: war

text: or

text: of

text: wars

text: in

text: general

text: Total

text: war

text: is

text: warfare

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: restricted

text: to

text: purely

text: legitimate

text: military

text: targets

text: and

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: massive

text: civilian

text: or

text: other

text: non

text: combatant

text: casualties

text: East Prussia (; ) was a province of Prussia from 17731829 and from 18781945. Its capital city was Königsberg (present-day Kaliningrad). East Prussia was the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast.

text: East

text: Prussia

text: was

text: province

text: of

text: Prussia

text: from

text: and

text: from

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: Königsberg

text: present

text: day

text: Kaliningrad

text: East

text: Prussia

text: was

text: the

text: main

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Prussia

text: along

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Baltic

text: Coast

text: Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was governed by a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a fascist state in which the Nazi Party took totalitarian control over nearly all aspects of life. The official name of the state was "Deutsches Reich" from 1933 to 1943 and "Großdeutsches Reich" ("Greater German Reich") from 1943 to 1945. The period is also known under the names the Third Reich and the National Socialist Period (abbreviated as "NS-Zeit"). The Nazi regime came to an end after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe.

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: English

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: German

text: history

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: Germany

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: dictatorship

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: and

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: NSDAP

text: Under

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: rule

text: Germany

text: was

text: transformed

text: into

text: fascist

text: state

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: took

text: totalitarian

text: control

text: over

text: nearly

text: all

text: aspects

text: of

text: life

text: The

text: official

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: Deutsches

text: Reich

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: Großdeutsches

text: Reich

text: Greater

text: German

text: Reich

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: under

text: the

text: names

text: the

text: Third

text: Reich

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Socialist

text: Period

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: NS

text: Zeit

text: The

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: after

text: the

text: Allied

text: Powers

text: defeated

text: Germany

text: in

text: May

text: ending

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: Europe

text: General Werner Kempf (9 March 1886  6 January 1964) was a Panzer general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

text: General

text: Werner

text: Kempf

text: March

text: January

text: was

text: Panzer

text: general

text: in

text: the

text: Wehrmacht

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: He

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Knight

text: 's

text: Cross

text: of

text: the

text: Iron

text: Cross

text: with

text: Oak

text: Leaves

text: Blitzkrieg (German, "lightning war") is a method of warfare whereby an attacking force, spearheaded by a dense concentration of armoured and motorised or mechanised infantry formations with close air support, breaks through the opponent's line of defence by short, fast, powerful attacks and then dislocates the defenders, using speed and surprise to encircle them. Through the employment of combined arms in manoeuvre warfare, blitzkrieg attempts to unbalance the enemy by making it difficult for it to respond to the continuously changing front and defeating it in a decisive ("battle of annihilation").

text: Blitzkrieg

text: German

text: lightning

text: war

text: is

text: method

text: of

text: warfare

text: whereby

text: an

text: attacking

text: force

text: spearheaded

text: by

text: dense

text: concentration

text: of

text: armoured

text: and

text: motorised

text: or

text: mechanised

text: infantry

text: formations

text: with

text: close

text: air

text: support

text: breaks

text: through

text: the

text: opponent

text: 's

text: line

text: of

text: defence

text: by

text: short

text: fast

text: powerful

text: attacks

text: and

text: then

text: dislocates

text: the

text: defenders

text: using

text: speed

text: and

text: surprise

text: to

text: encircle

text: them

text: Through

text: the

text: employment

text: of

text: combined

text: arms

text: in

text: manoeuvre

text: warfare

text: blitzkrieg

text: attempts

text: to

text: unbalance

text: the

text: enemy

text: by

text: making

text: it

text: difficult

text: for

text: it

text: to

text: respond

text: to

text: the

text: continuously

text: changing

text: front

text: and

text: defeating

text: it

text: in

text: decisive

text: battle

text: of

text: annihilation

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: part_of panzer division kempf

answer: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht


text: Slug, or land slug, is a common name for any apparently shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusc. The word "slug" is also often used as part of the common name of any gastropod mollusc that has no shell, a very reduced shell, or only a small internal shell, particularly sea slugs and semislugs (this is in contrast to the common name "snail", which applies to gastropods that have a coiled shell large enough that the animal can fully retract its soft parts into the shell).

text: Slug

text: or

text: land

text: slug

text: is

text: common

text: name

text: for

text: any

text: apparently

text: shell

text: less

text: terrestrial

text: gastropod

text: mollusc

text: The

text: word

text: slug

text: is

text: also

text: often

text: used

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: name

text: of

text: any

text: gastropod

text: mollusc

text: that

text: has

text: no

text: shell

text: very

text: reduced

text: shell

text: or

text: only

text: small

text: internal

text: shell

text: particularly

text: sea

text: slugs

text: and

text: semislugs

text: this

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: common

text: name

text: snail

text: which

text: applies

text: to

text: gastropods

text: that

text: have

text: coiled

text: shell

text: large

text: enough

text: that

text: the

text: animal

text: can

text: fully

text: retract

text: its

text: soft

text: parts

text: into

text: the

text: shell

text: Anadenidae is a taxonomic family of air - breathing land slugs , terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionidae ( according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi , 2005 ) . This family has no subfamilies ( according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi , 2005 ) .

text: Anadenidae

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: family

text: of

text: air

text: breathing

text: land

text: slugs

text: terrestrial

text: pulmonate

text: gastropod

text: mollusks

text: in

text: the

text: superfamily

text: Arionidae

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: taxonomy

text: of

text: the

text: Gastropoda

text: by

text: Bouchet

text: Rocroi

text: This

text: family

text: has

text: no

text: subfamilies

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: taxonomy

text: of

text: the

text: Gastropoda

text: by

text: Bouchet

text: Rocroi

text: Arionidae, common name the "roundback slugs" or "round back slugs" are a taxonomic family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Arionoidea.

text: Arionidae

text: common

text: name

text: the

text: roundback

text: slugs

text: or

text: round

text: back

text: slugs

text: are

text: taxonomic

text: family

text: of

text: air

text: breathing

text: land

text: slugs

text: terrestrial

text: pulmonate

text: gastropod

text: mollusks

text: in

text: the

text: superfamily

text: Arionoidea

text: Arionoidea is a taxonomic group, superfamily of air-breathing land slugs, shell-less terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks.

text: Arionoidea

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: group

text: superfamily

text: of

text: air

text: breathing

text: land

text: slugs

text: shell

text: less

text: terrestrial

text: pulmonate

text: gastropod

text: mollusks

question: parent_taxon anadenidae

answer: arionoidea

text: arionoidea

text: arionoidea