text: Mrigayaa ( lit. The royal hunt ) is a 1976 Hindi - language Indian period drama film directed by Mrinal Sen and produced by K. Rajeshwara Rao . Based on a short story by Bhagbati Charan Panigrahi , the film portrayed the relationship between the British colonialists and native villagers , and their exploitation by Indian landlords in 1920 's India . It also depicts the friendship between a British administrator , who has a flair for game hunting , and a native tribal , who is an expert archer . The lead actors Mithun Chakraborty and Mamata Shankar , both made their cinematic debuts through the film . The film score was provided by Salil Chowdhury while K. K. Mahajan handled the cinematography . At the 24th National Film Awards , Mrigayaa won two awards -- Best Feature Film and Best Actor . It also won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie apart from being nominated for the Golden Prize at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival in 1977 .

text: Mrigayaa

text: lit

text: The

text: royal

text: hunt

text: is

text: Hindi

text: language

text: Indian

text: period

text: drama

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Mrinal

text: Sen

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Rajeshwara

text: Rao

text: Based

text: on

text: short

text: story

text: by

text: Bhagbati

text: Charan

text: Panigrahi

text: the

text: film

text: portrayed

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: British

text: colonialists

text: and

text: native

text: villagers

text: and

text: their

text: exploitation

text: by

text: Indian

text: landlords

text: in

text: 's

text: India

text: It

text: also

text: depicts

text: the

text: friendship

text: between

text: British

text: administrator

text: who

text: has

text: flair

text: for

text: game

text: hunting

text: and

text: native

text: tribal

text: who

text: is

text: an

text: expert

text: archer

text: The

text: lead

text: actors

text: Mithun

text: Chakraborty

text: and

text: Mamata

text: Shankar

text: both

text: made

text: their

text: cinematic

text: debuts

text: through

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: film

text: score

text: was

text: provided

text: by

text: Salil

text: Chowdhury

text: while

text: Mahajan

text: handled

text: the

text: cinematography

text: At

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: Awards

text: Mrigayaa

text: won

text: two

text: awards

text: Best

text: Feature

text: Film

text: and

text: Best

text: Actor

text: It

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: Filmfare

text: Critics

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Movie

text: apart

text: from

text: being

text: nominated

text: for

text: the

text: Golden

text: Prize

text: at

text: the

text: Moscow

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: in

text: Ritwik Ghatak ("Ritbik Kumar Ghôôk", ; 4 November 19256 February 1976) was a Bengali filmmaker and script writer. Along with prominent contemporary Bengali filmmakers Satyajit Ray and Mrinal Sen, his cinema is primarily remembered for its meticulous depiction of social reality. Although their roles were often adversarial, they were ardent admirers of each other's work and, in doing so, the three directors charted the independent trajectory of parallel cinema, as a counterpoint to the mainstream fare of Hindi cinema in India. Ghatak received many awards in his career, including National Film Award's Rajat Kamal Award for Best Story in 1974 for his "Jukti Takko Aar Gappo" and Best Director's Award from Bangladesh Cine Journalist's Association for "Titash Ekti Nadir Naam". The Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri for Arts in 1970.

text: Ritwik

text: Ghatak

text: Ritbik

text: Kumar

text: Ghôôk

text: November

text: February

text: was

text: Bengali

text: filmmaker

text: and

text: script

text: writer

text: Along

text: with

text: prominent

text: contemporary

text: Bengali

text: filmmakers

text: Satyajit

text: Ray

text: and

text: Mrinal

text: Sen

text: his

text: cinema

text: is

text: primarily

text: remembered

text: for

text: its

text: meticulous

text: depiction

text: of

text: social

text: reality

text: Although

text: their

text: roles

text: were

text: often

text: adversarial

text: they

text: were

text: ardent

text: admirers

text: of

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: work

text: and

text: in

text: doing

text: so

text: the

text: three

text: directors

text: charted

text: the

text: independent

text: trajectory

text: of

text: parallel

text: cinema

text: as

text: counterpoint

text: to

text: the

text: mainstream

text: fare

text: of

text: Hindi

text: cinema

text: in

text: India

text: Ghatak

text: received

text: many

text: awards

text: in

text: his

text: career

text: including

text: National

text: Film

text: Award

text: 's

text: Rajat

text: Kamal

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Story

text: in

text: for

text: his

text: Jukti

text: Takko

text: Aar

text: Gappo

text: and

text: Best

text: Director

text: 's

text: Award

text: from

text: Bangladesh

text: Cine

text: Journalist

text: 's

text: Association

text: for

text: Titash

text: Ekti

text: Nadir

text: Naam

text: The

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: honoured

text: him

text: with

text: the

text: Padma

text: Shri

text: for

text: Arts

text: in

text: Mrinal Sen (also spelled "Mrinal Shen", born 14 May 1923) is an Indian filmmaker based in Kolkata. Along with his contemporaries Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghatak, he is often considered to be one of the greatest ambassadors of Indian parallel cinema on the global stage. Like the works of Ray and Ghatak, his cinema is known for its artistic depiction of social reality. Although the three directors shared a healthy rivalry, they were ardent admirers of each other's work, and in so doing, they charted the independent trajectory of parallel cinema, as a counterpoint to the mainstream fare of Hindi cinema in India.

text: Mrinal

text: Sen

text: also

text: spelled

text: Mrinal

text: Shen

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: filmmaker

text: based

text: in

text: Kolkata

text: Along

text: with

text: his

text: contemporaries

text: Satyajit

text: Ray

text: and

text: Ritwik

text: Ghatak

text: he

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: ambassadors

text: of

text: Indian

text: parallel

text: cinema

text: on

text: the

text: global

text: stage

text: Like

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Ray

text: and

text: Ghatak

text: his

text: cinema

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: artistic

text: depiction

text: of

text: social

text: reality

text: Although

text: the

text: three

text: directors

text: shared

text: healthy

text: rivalry

text: they

text: were

text: ardent

text: admirers

text: of

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: work

text: and

text: in

text: so

text: doing

text: they

text: charted

text: the

text: independent

text: trajectory

text: of

text: parallel

text: cinema

text: as

text: counterpoint

text: to

text: the

text: mainstream

text: fare

text: of

text: Hindi

text: cinema

text: in

text: India

text: Rituparno Ghosh (31 August 1963  30 May 2013) was an Indian film director, actor, writer and lyricist in the Bengali cinema. After pursuing a degree in economics he started his career as a creative artist at an advertising agency. In 1992, his debut film "Hirer Angti" released. In 1994, his next film "Unishe April" released which won National Film Award for Best Feature Film.

text: Rituparno

text: Ghosh

text: August

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: director

text: actor

text: writer

text: and

text: lyricist

text: in

text: the

text: Bengali

text: cinema

text: After

text: pursuing

text: degree

text: in

text: economics

text: he

text: started

text: his

text: career

text: as

text: creative

text: artist

text: at

text: an

text: advertising

text: agency

text: In

text: his

text: debut

text: film

text: Hirer

text: Angti

text: released

text: In

text: his

text: next

text: film

text: Unishe

text: April

text: released

text: which

text: won

text: National

text: Film

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Feature

text: Film

text: The National Film Award for Best Actor, officially known as the Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actor, is an honour presented annually at the National Film Awards of India instituted only since 1967 to actors who have delivered the best performance in a leading role within the Indian film industry. Called the "State Awards for Films" when established in 1954, the National Film Awards ceremony is older than the Directorate of Film Festivals. The State Awards instituted the individual award in 1968 as the "Bharat Award for the Best Actor"; in 1975, it was renamed as the "Rajat Kamal Award for the Best Actor". Throughout the past 45 years, accounting for ties and repeat winners, the Government of India has presented a total of 52 "Best Actor" awards to 40 different actors. Until 1974, winners of the National Film Award received a figurine and certificate; since 1975, they have been awarded with a "Rajat Kamal" (silver lotus), certificate and a cash prize.

text: The

text: National

text: Film

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actor

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Rajat

text: Kamal

text: Award

text: for

text: the

text: Best

text: Actor

text: is

text: an

text: honour

text: presented

text: annually

text: at

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: Awards

text: of

text: India

text: instituted

text: only

text: since

text: to

text: actors

text: who

text: have

text: delivered

text: the

text: best

text: performance

text: in

text: leading

text: role

text: within

text: the

text: Indian

text: film

text: industry

text: Called

text: the

text: State

text: Awards

text: for

text: Films

text: when

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: Awards

text: ceremony

text: is

text: older

text: than

text: the

text: Directorate

text: of

text: Film

text: Festivals

text: The

text: State

text: Awards

text: instituted

text: the

text: individual

text: award

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Bharat

text: Award

text: for

text: the

text: Best

text: Actor

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: renamed

text: as

text: the

text: Rajat

text: Kamal

text: Award

text: for

text: the

text: Best

text: Actor

text: Throughout

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: accounting

text: for

text: ties

text: and

text: repeat

text: winners

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: has

text: presented

text: total

text: of

text: Best

text: Actor

text: awards

text: to

text: different

text: actors

text: Until

text: winners

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: Award

text: received

text: figurine

text: and

text: certificate

text: since

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: awarded

text: with

text: Rajat

text: Kamal

text: silver

text: lotus

text: certificate

text: and

text: cash

text: prize

text: Mamata Shankar (born 7 January 1955) is an Indian actress. She is known for her work in Bengali cinema. She has acted in films by directors including Satyajit Ray, Mrinal Sen, Rituparno Ghosh, Buddhadev Dasgupta and Gautam Ghosh. In addition to being an actress, she is a dancer and choreographer.

text: Mamata

text: Shankar

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: actress

text: She

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: work

text: in

text: Bengali

text: cinema

text: She

text: has

text: acted

text: in

text: films

text: by

text: directors

text: including

text: Satyajit

text: Ray

text: Mrinal

text: Sen

text: Rituparno

text: Ghosh

text: Buddhadev

text: Dasgupta

text: and

text: Gautam

text: Ghosh

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: being

text: an

text: actress

text: she

text: is

text: dancer

text: and

text: choreographer

text: Gourang Chakraborty (born 16 June 1952), better known by his stage name Mithun Chakraborty; informally referred to as Mithun Da, is an Indian film actor, singer, producer, writer, social worker, entrepreneur and a Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament. He is the recipient of three National Film Awards. He made his acting debut with the art house drama "Mrigayaa" (1976), for which he won his first National Film Award for Best Actor.

text: Gourang

text: Chakraborty

text: born

text: June

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Mithun

text: Chakraborty

text: informally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Mithun

text: Da

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actor

text: singer

text: producer

text: writer

text: social

text: worker

text: entrepreneur

text: and

text: Rajya

text: Sabha

text: Member

text: of

text: Parliament

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: recipient

text: of

text: three

text: National

text: Film

text: Awards

text: He

text: made

text: his

text: acting

text: debut

text: with

text: the

text: art

text: house

text: drama

text: Mrigayaa

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: won

text: his

text: first

text: National

text: Film

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actor

candidates: national film award for best feature film

question: award_received mrigayaa

answer: national film award for best feature film

text: national film award for best feature film


text: The Canal through Walcheren in the Netherlands crosses the east of Walcheren . It connects the Westerschelde and the Oosterschelde . The railroad entering Walcheren from the east does not cross this canal , but bends south and runs along it .

text: The

text: Canal

text: through

text: Walcheren

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: crosses

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Walcheren

text: It

text: connects

text: the

text: Westerschelde

text: and

text: the

text: Oosterschelde

text: The

text: railroad

text: entering

text: Walcheren

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: does

text: not

text: cross

text: this

text: canal

text: but

text: bends

text: south

text: and

text: runs

text: along

text: it

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative, elected body of government. Generally a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government ("i.e.", hearings, inquiries).

text: In

text: modern

text: politics

text: and

text: history

text: parliament

text: is

text: legislative

text: elected

text: body

text: of

text: government

text: Generally

text: modern

text: parliament

text: has

text: three

text: functions

text: representing

text: the

text: electorate

text: making

text: laws

text: and

text: overseeing

text: the

text: government

text: i.e.

text: hearings

text: inquiries

text: A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics. Regardless of the physical geography, in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945, a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction.

text: country

text: is

text: region

text: that

text: is

text: identified

text: as

text: distinct

text: national

text: entity

text: in

text: political

text: geography

text: country

text: may

text: be

text: an

text: independent

text: sovereign

text: state

text: or

text: one

text: that

text: is

text: occupied

text: by

text: another

text: state

text: as

text: non

text: sovereign

text: or

text: formerly

text: sovereign

text: political

text: division

text: or

text: geographic

text: region

text: associated

text: with

text: sets

text: of

text: previously

text: independent

text: or

text: differently

text: associated

text: people

text: with

text: distinct

text: political

text: characteristics

text: Regardless

text: of

text: the

text: physical

text: geography

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: internationally

text: accepted

text: legal

text: definition

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: in

text: and

text: reaffirmed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: in

text: resident

text: of

text: country

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: independent

text: exercise

text: of

text: legal

text: jurisdiction

text: The Kingdom of the Netherlands , commonly known as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in western Europe and in the Caribbean.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Holland is a region and former province on the western coast of the Netherlands. The name "Holland" is also frequently used to informally refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands. This usage is commonly accepted in other countries, and not entirely uncommon among the Dutch themselves, though some in the Netherlands and particularly in other regions of the country may find it undesirable, misleading or insulting.

text: Holland

text: is

text: region

text: and

text: former

text: province

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: name

text: Holland

text: is

text: also

text: frequently

text: used

text: to

text: informally

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: This

text: usage

text: is

text: commonly

text: accepted

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: and

text: not

text: entirely

text: uncommon

text: among

text: the

text: Dutch

text: themselves

text: though

text: some

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: particularly

text: in

text: other

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: may

text: find

text: it

text: undesirable

text: misleading

text: or

text: insulting

text: The Caribbean (or ) is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.

text: The

text: Caribbean

text: or

text: is

text: region

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: its

text: islands

text: some

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: some

text: bordering

text: both

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: coasts

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: mainland

text: east

text: of

text: Central

text: America

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.

text: Belgium

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: France

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: which

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Straddling

text: the

text: cultural

text: boundary

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Latin

text: Europe

text: Belgium

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: main

text: linguistic

text: groups

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Flemish

text: community

text: which

text: constitutes

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Walloon

text: population

text: which

text: comprises

text: of

text: all

text: Belgians

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Cantons

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: High

text: Fens

text: area

text: and

text: bordering

text: Germany

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text:
Noord Brabant, also unofficially called Brabant, is a province in the south of the Netherlands. It borders the provinces of South Holland and Gelderland to the north, Limburg to the east, Zeeland to the west, and the Belgian provinces of Antwerp and Limburg to the south. The northern border follows the Meuse (Maas) river westward to its mouth in the Hollands Diep strait, part of the RhineMeuseScheldt delta.
History.
The Duchy of Brabant was a state of the Holy Roman Empire established in 1183 or 1190. It developed from the Landgraviate of Brabant and formed the heart of the historic Low Countries, part of the Burgundian Netherlands from 1430 and of the Habsburg Netherlands from 1482, until it was split up after the Dutch revolt. After the War of Independence, Catholics in the Southern Netherlands were systematically and officially discriminated against by the Northern Protestant government until the second half of the 20th century, which had a major influence on the economic and cultural development of the southern part of the Netherlands.
Present-day North Brabant (Staats-Brabant) was adjudicated to the Generality Lands of the Dutch Republic according to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia, while the reduced duchy remained in existence with the Southern Netherlands until it was conquered by French Revolutionary forces in 1794.

text: Noord

text: Brabant

text: also

text: unofficially

text: called

text: Brabant

text: is

text: province

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: borders

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: South

text: Holland

text: and

text: Gelderland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Limburg

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Zeeland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Belgian

text: provinces

text: of

text: Antwerp

text: and

text: Limburg

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: northern

text: border

text: follows

text: the

text: Meuse

text: Maas

text: river

text: westward

text: to

text: its

text: mouth

text: in

text: the

text: Hollands

text: Diep

text: strait

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: RhineMeuseScheldt

text: delta

text: History

text: The

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Brabant

text: was

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: established

text: in

text: or

text: It

text: developed

text: from

text: the

text: Landgraviate

text: of

text: Brabant

text: and

text: formed

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: historic

text: Low

text: Countries

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Burgundian

text: Netherlands

text: from

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Netherlands

text: from

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: split

text: up

text: after

text: the

text: Dutch

text: revolt

text: After

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Catholics

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: Netherlands

text: were

text: systematically

text: and

text: officially

text: discriminated

text: against

text: by

text: the

text: Northern

text: Protestant

text: government

text: until

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: which

text: had

text: major

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Present

text: day

text: North

text: Brabant

text: Staats

text: Brabant

text: was

text: adjudicated

text: to

text: the

text: Generality

text: Lands

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Westphalia

text: while

text: the

text: reduced

text: duchy

text: remained

text: in

text: existence

text: with

text: the

text: Southern

text: Netherlands

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: conquered

text: by

text: French

text: Revolutionary

text: forces

text: in

text: Rotterdam is a city in the Netherlands, located in South Holland, within the RhineMeuseScheldt river delta at the North Sea. Its history goes back to 1270 when a dam was constructed in the Rotte river by people settled around it for safety. In 1340 Rotterdam was granted city rights by the Count of Holland and slowly grew into a major logistic and economic centre. Nowadays it is home to Europe's largest port and has a population of 633,471 (city proper), ranking second in the Netherlands. The Greater Rijnmond area is home to approximately 1.4 million people and the Rotterdam The Hague Metropolitan Area makes for the 168th most populous urban area in the world. Rotterdam is part of the yet larger Randstad conurbation with a total population of 7,100,000.

text: Rotterdam

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: located

text: in

text: South

text: Holland

text: within

text: the

text: RhineMeuseScheldt

text: river

text: delta

text: at

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: Its

text: history

text: goes

text: back

text: to

text: when

text: dam

text: was

text: constructed

text: in

text: the

text: Rotte

text: river

text: by

text: people

text: settled

text: around

text: it

text: for

text: safety

text: In

text: Rotterdam

text: was

text: granted

text: city

text: rights

text: by

text: the

text: Count

text: of

text: Holland

text: and

text: slowly

text: grew

text: into

text: major

text: logistic

text: and

text: economic

text: centre

text: Nowadays

text: it

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Europe

text: 's

text: largest

text: port

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: city

text: proper

text: ranking

text: second

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: Greater

text: Rijnmond

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: makes

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Rotterdam

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: yet

text: larger

text: Randstad

text: conurbation

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: Originally, Walcheren was an island, but polders and a dam across the Oosterschelde have connected it to the (former) island of Zuid-Beveland, which in turn has been connected to the North Brabant mainland.

text: Originally

text: Walcheren

text: was

text: an

text: island

text: but

text: polders

text: and

text: dam

text: across

text: the

text: Oosterschelde

text: have

text: connected

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: former

text: island

text: of

text: Zuid

text: Beveland

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: has

text: been

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: Brabant

text: mainland

text: Mainland is a contiguous landmass that is larger and often politically, economically and/or demographically more significant than politically associated remote territories, such as exclaves or oceanic islands situated outside the continental shelf.

text: Mainland

text: is

text: contiguous

text: landmass

text: that

text: is

text: larger

text: and

text: often

text: politically

text: economically

text: and/or

text: demographically

text: more

text: significant

text: than

text: politically

text: associated

text: remote

text: territories

text: such

text: as

text: exclaves

text: or

text: oceanic

text: islands

text: situated

text: outside

text: the

text: continental

text: shelf

text: An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.

text: An

text: island

text: or

text: isle

text: is

text: any

text: piece

text: of

text: sub

text: continental

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: water

text: Very

text: small

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: emergent

text: land

text: features

text: on

text: atolls

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: islets

text: skerries

text: cays

text: or

text: keys

text: An

text: island

text: in

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: island

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: eyot

text: or

text: ait

text: and

text: small

text: island

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: holm

text: grouping

text: of

text: geographically

text: or

text: geologically

text: related

text: islands

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: archipelago

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Philippines

text: The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or "shelf") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, with an area of around .

text: The

text: North

text: Sea

text: is

text: marginal

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: located

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Scandinavia

text: Germany

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Belgium

text: and

text: France

text: An

text: epeiric

text: or

text: shelf

text: sea

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continental

text: shelf

text: it

text: connects

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: through

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: around

text: The Hague (or "<nowiki>'</nowiki>s-Gravenhage" ) is a city located in the western coast of the Netherlands, and the capital city of the province of South Holland.

text: The

text: Hague

text: or

text: nowiki>'</nowiki

text: Gravenhage

text: is

text: city

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: South

text: Holland

text: Utrecht is the capital and most populous city in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the eastern corner of the Randstad conurbation and is the fourth largest city in the Netherlands with a population of in .

text: Utrecht

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Dutch

text: province

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: Randstad

text: conurbation

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: Western Europe, also West Europe, is the region comprising the western part of the European continent. There may be differences between the geopolitical and purely geographic definitions of the term.

text: Western

text: Europe

text: also

text: West

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: region

text: comprising

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: There

text: may

text: be

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: geopolitical

text: and

text: purely

text: geographic

text: definitions

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Zuid-Beveland ("South Beveland") is part of the province of Zeeland in the Netherlands north of the Westerschelde and south of the Oosterschelde.

text: Zuid

text: Beveland

text: South

text: Beveland

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Zeeland

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Westerschelde

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Oosterschelde

text: The Netherlands  is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament. The name "Holland" is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: constituent

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: is

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: with

text: three

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: The

text: European

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: borders

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Belgium

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: sharing

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Belgium

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Germany

text: The

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: are

text: Amsterdam

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: while

text: The

text: Hague

text: holds

text: the

text: Dutch

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: parliament

text: The

text: name

text: Holland

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: informally

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands, although it is not the seat of the government, which is The Hague. Amsterdam has a population of 847,176 within the city proper, 1,343,647 in the urban area, and 2,431,000 in the Amsterdam metropolitan area. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 7 million.

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Its

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: is

text: mandated

text: by

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: which

text: is

text: The

text: Hague

text: Amsterdam

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Amsterdam

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: North

text: Holland

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: comprises

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Randstad

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: conurbations

text: in

text: Europe

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity canal through walcheren

answer: zeeland

text: zeeland

text: zeeland


text: The was the historical Japanese nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.

text: The

text: was

text: the

text: historical

text: Japanese

text: nation

text: state

text: and

text: great

text: power

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: the

text: Meiji

text: Restoration

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: enactment

text: of

text: the

text: constitution

text: of

text: modern

text: Japan

text: The Jilin Self-Defence Army was an anti-Japanese volunteer army formed to defend local Chinese residents against the Japanese invasion of northeast China. General Ting Chao, Li Du, Feng Zhanhai, Xing Zhanqing, and Zhao Yi organised the Jilin Self-Defence Army in order to prevent the fall and occupation of Harbin city, Jilin province. This brought all their forces under a unified command. Calling for civilians to form volunteer units and join in the defense of the city, the army reached a strength of 30,000 men in six brigades of Zhang Xueliangs Northeastern army.

text: The

text: Jilin

text: Self

text: Defence

text: Army

text: was

text: an

text: anti

text: Japanese

text: volunteer

text: army

text: formed

text: to

text: defend

text: local

text: Chinese

text: residents

text: against

text: the

text: Japanese

text: invasion

text: of

text: northeast

text: China

text: General

text: Ting

text: Chao

text: Li

text: Du

text: Feng

text: Zhanhai

text: Xing

text: Zhanqing

text: and

text: Zhao

text: Yi

text: organised

text: the

text: Jilin

text: Self

text: Defence

text: Army

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: fall

text: and

text: occupation

text: of

text: Harbin

text: city

text: Jilin

text: province

text: This

text: brought

text: all

text: their

text: forces

text: under

text: unified

text: command

text: Calling

text: for

text: civilians

text: to

text: form

text: volunteer

text: units

text: and

text: join

text: in

text: the

text: defense

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: army

text: reached

text: strength

text: of

text: men

text: in

text: six

text: brigades

text: of

text: Zhang

text: Xueliangs

text: Northeastern

text: army

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Manchukuo was a puppet state in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, which was governed under a form of constitutional monarchy. The area, collectively known as Manchuria by westerners and Japanese, was designated by China's erstwhile Qing Dynasty as the "homeland" of the ruling family's ethnic group, the Manchus, but the Manchus themselves never used "Manchuria" () as a place name to refer to the area. In 1931, the region was seized by Japan following the Mukden Incident and a pro-Japanese government was installed one year later with Puyi, the last Qing emperor, as the nominal regent and emperor. Manchukuo's government was abolished in 1945 after the defeat of Imperial Japan at the end of World War II. The territories formally claimed by the puppet state were first seized in the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945, and then formally transferred to Chinese administration in the following year.

text: Manchukuo

text: was

text: puppet

text: state

text: in

text: Northeast

text: China

text: and

text: Inner

text: Mongolia

text: which

text: was

text: governed

text: under

text: form

text: of

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: The

text: area

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: Manchuria

text: by

text: westerners

text: and

text: Japanese

text: was

text: designated

text: by

text: China

text: 's

text: erstwhile

text: Qing

text: Dynasty

text: as

text: the

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: ruling

text: family

text: 's

text: ethnic

text: group

text: the

text: Manchus

text: but

text: the

text: Manchus

text: themselves

text: never

text: used

text: Manchuria

text: as

text: place

text: name

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: In

text: the

text: region

text: was

text: seized

text: by

text: Japan

text: following

text: the

text: Mukden

text: Incident

text: and

text: pro

text: Japanese

text: government

text: was

text: installed

text: one

text: year

text: later

text: with

text: Puyi

text: the

text: last

text: Qing

text: emperor

text: as

text: the

text: nominal

text: regent

text: and

text: emperor

text: Manchukuo

text: 's

text: government

text: was

text: abolished

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: Imperial

text: Japan

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: territories

text: formally

text: claimed

text: by

text: the

text: puppet

text: state

text: were

text: first

text: seized

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: invasion

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: in

text: August

text: and

text: then

text: formally

text: transferred

text: to

text: Chinese

text: administration

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: Ting Chao or Ding Chao (18831950s) was a military general of the Republic of China, known for his defense of Harbin during the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and 1932.

text: Ting

text: Chao

text: or

text: Ding

text: Chao

text: was

text: military

text: general

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: defense

text: of

text: Harbin

text: during

text: the

text: Japanese

text: invasion

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: in

text: and

text: The Japanese invasion of Manchuria began on September 18, 1931, when the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria immediately following the Mukden Incident. The Japanese established a puppet state called Manchukuo, and their occupation lasted until the end of World War II.

text: The

text: Japanese

text: invasion

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: began

text: on

text: September

text: when

text: the

text: Kwantung

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Japan

text: invaded

text: Manchuria

text: immediately

text: following

text: the

text: Mukden

text: Incident

text: The

text: Japanese

text: established

text: puppet

text: state

text: called

text: Manchukuo

text: and

text: their

text: occupation

text: lasted

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Liaoning is a province of China, located in the northeast of the country. The modern province was established in 1907 as Fengtian or Fengtien province and the name was changed to Liaoning in 1929. It was also known as Mukden province at the time, for the Manchu pronunciation of Shengjing, the former name of the provincial capital Shenyang. Under the Japanese-puppet Manchukuo regime, the province reverted to its 1907 name but the name Liaoning was restored in 1945 and again in 1954.

text: Liaoning

text: is

text: province

text: of

text: China

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: modern

text: province

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: as

text: Fengtian

text: or

text: Fengtien

text: province

text: and

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: Liaoning

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Mukden

text: province

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: for

text: the

text: Manchu

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: Shengjing

text: the

text: former

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: Shenyang

text: Under

text: the

text: Japanese

text: puppet

text: Manchukuo

text: regime

text: the

text: province

text: reverted

text: to

text: its

text: name

text: but

text: the

text: name

text: Liaoning

text: was

text: restored

text: in

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: Li Du ( Chinese :  ; pinyin : L Dù ; Wade -- Giles : Li3 Tu4 ) ( 1880 -- 1956 ) , was a leading general in the Jilin Self - Defence Army ( JSDA ) . The JSDA was one of the Anti-Japanese volunteer armies led by general Ma Zhanshan which resisted the Empire of Japan 's invasion of northeast China in 1932 . Following the invasion of northeast China by the Empire of Japan , and the Defense of Harbin . Ting Chao 's beaten JSDA retired from Harbin and marched to the northeast down the Songhua River , to join the Lower Songhua garrison of General Li Du and together formed the nucleus of armed opposition in the erstwhile Jilin province .

text: Li

text: Du

text: Chinese

text: pinyin

text: Dù

text: Wade

text: Giles

text: was

text: leading

text: general

text: in

text: the

text: Jilin

text: Self

text: Defence

text: Army

text: JSDA

text: The

text: JSDA

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Anti

text: Japanese

text: volunteer

text: armies

text: led

text: by

text: general

text: Ma

text: Zhanshan

text: which

text: resisted

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Japan

text: 's

text: invasion

text: of

text: northeast

text: China

text: in

text: Following

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: northeast

text: China

text: by

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: Defense

text: of

text: Harbin

text: Ting

text: Chao

text: 's

text: beaten

text: JSDA

text: retired

text: from

text: Harbin

text: and

text: marched

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: down

text: the

text: Songhua

text: River

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: Lower

text: Songhua

text: garrison

text: of

text: General

text: Li

text: Du

text: and

text: together

text: formed

text: the

text: nucleus

text: of

text: armed

text: opposition

text: in

text: the

text: erstwhile

text: Jilin

text: province

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Jilin (postal: Kirin) is one of the three provinces of Northeast China. Jilin borders North Korea and Russia to the east, Heilongjiang to the north, Liaoning to the south, and Inner Mongolia to the west.

text: Jilin

text: postal

text: Kirin

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: provinces

text: of

text: Northeast

text: China

text: Jilin

text: borders

text: North

text: Korea

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Heilongjiang

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Liaoning

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Inner

text: Mongolia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Ma Zhanshan (Ma Chan-shan Xiao'erjing: ; November 30, 1885, Huaide (Gongzhuling), Jilin  November 29, 1950, Beijing) was a Chinese Muslim general who initially opposed the Imperial Japanese Army in the invasion of Manchuria, briefly defected to Manchukuo, and then rebelled, and fought against the Japanese in Manchuria and in other parts of China.

text: Ma

text: Zhanshan

text: Ma

text: Chan

text: shan

text: Xiao'erjing

text: November

text: Huaide

text: Gongzhuling

text: Jilin

text: November

text: Beijing

text: was

text: Chinese

text: Muslim

text: general

text: who

text: initially

text: opposed

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Japanese

text: Army

text: in

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: briefly

text: defected

text: to

text: Manchukuo

text: and

text: then

text: rebelled

text: and

text: fought

text: against

text: the

text: Japanese

text: in

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: China

text: After the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and until 1933, large volunteer armies waged war against Japanese and Manchukuo forces over much of Northeast China.

text: After

text: the

text: Japanese

text: invasion

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: until

text: large

text: volunteer

text: armies

text: waged

text: war

text: against

text: Japanese

text: and

text: Manchukuo

text: forces

text: over

text: much

text: of

text: Northeast

text: China

text: Zhang Xueliang or Chang Hsueh-liang or Chang Hsiao-liang (3 June 1901  15 October 2001), occasionally called Peter Hsueh Liang Chang and nicknamed the "Young Marshal" (), was the effective ruler of northeast China and much of northern China after the assassination of his father, Zhang Zuolin, by the Japanese on 4 June 1928. He was an instigator of the 1936 Xi'an Incident, in which Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of China's ruling party, was arrested in order to force him to enter into a truce with the insurgent Chinese Communist Party and form a united front against Japan, which had occupied Manchuria. As a result, he spent over fifty years under house arrest, first in mainland China and then in Taiwan. He is regarded by the Chinese Communist Party as a patriotic hero.

text: Zhang

text: Xueliang

text: or

text: Chang

text: Hsueh

text: liang

text: or

text: Chang

text: Hsiao

text: liang

text: June

text: October

text: occasionally

text: called

text: Peter

text: Hsueh

text: Liang

text: Chang

text: and

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: Young

text: Marshal

text: was

text: the

text: effective

text: ruler

text: of

text: northeast

text: China

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: northern

text: China

text: after

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Zhang

text: Zuolin

text: by

text: the

text: Japanese

text: on

text: June

text: He

text: was

text: an

text: instigator

text: of

text: the

text: Xi'an

text: Incident

text: in

text: which

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: China

text: 's

text: ruling

text: party

text: was

text: arrested

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: force

text: him

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: truce

text: with

text: the

text: insurgent

text: Chinese

text: Communist

text: Party

text: and

text: form

text: united

text: front

text: against

text: Japan

text: which

text: had

text: occupied

text: Manchuria

text: As

text: result

text: he

text: spent

text: over

text: fifty

text: years

text: under

text: house

text: arrest

text: first

text: in

text: mainland

text: China

text: and

text: then

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: He

text: is

text: regarded

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Communist

text: Party

text: as

text: patriotic

text: hero

text: Harbin is the capital and largest city of Heilongjiang province in the northeastern region of the People's Republic of China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Harbin has direct jurisdiction over nine metropolitan districts, two county-level cities and seven counties. Harbin is the eighth most populous Chinese city and the most populous city in Northeast China. According to the 2010 census, the built-up area made of seven out of nine urban districts ("all but Shuangcheng and Acheng not urbanized yet") had 5,282,093 inhabitants, while the total population of the sub-provincial city was up to 10,635,971. Harbin serves as a key political, economic, scientific, cultural, and communications hub in Northeast China, as well as an important industrial base of the nation.

text: Harbin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Heilongjiang

text: province

text: in

text: the

text: northeastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Holding

text: sub

text: provincial

text: administrative

text: status

text: Harbin

text: has

text: direct

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: nine

text: metropolitan

text: districts

text: two

text: county

text: level

text: cities

text: and

text: seven

text: counties

text: Harbin

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: most

text: populous

text: Chinese

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Northeast

text: China

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: made

text: of

text: seven

text: out

text: of

text: nine

text: urban

text: districts

text: all

text: but

text: Shuangcheng

text: and

text: Acheng

text: not

text: urbanized

text: yet

text: had

text: inhabitants

text: while

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: sub

text: provincial

text: city

text: was

text: up

text: to

text: Harbin

text: serves

text: as

text: key

text: political

text: economic

text: scientific

text: cultural

text: and

text: communications

text: hub

text: in

text: Northeast

text: China

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: industrial

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: The , literally "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire", was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan, from 1871 to 1945. It was controlled by the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office and the Ministry of War, both of which were nominally subordinate to the Emperor of Japan as supreme commander of the army and the navy. Later an Inspectorate General of Military (Army) Aviation became the third agency with oversight of the army. During wartime or national emergencies, the nominal command functions of the emperor would be centralized in an Imperial General Headquarters (IGHQ), an ad-hoc body consisting of the chief and vice chief of the Army General Staff, the minister of war, the chief and vice chief of the Naval General Staff, the inspector general of military aviation, and the inspector general of military training.

text: The

text: literally

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: Japanese

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: official

text: ground

text: based

text: armed

text: force

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Japan

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Japanese

text: Army

text: General

text: Staff

text: Office

text: and

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: War

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: nominally

text: subordinate

text: to

text: the

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Japan

text: as

text: supreme

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: the

text: navy

text: Later

text: an

text: Inspectorate

text: General

text: of

text: Military

text: Army

text: Aviation

text: became

text: the

text: third

text: agency

text: with

text: oversight

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: During

text: wartime

text: or

text: national

text: emergencies

text: the

text: nominal

text: command

text: functions

text: of

text: the

text: emperor

text: would

text: be

text: centralized

text: in

text: an

text: Imperial

text: General

text: Headquarters

text: IGHQ

text: an

text: ad

text: hoc

text: body

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: chief

text: and

text: vice

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: General

text: Staff

text: the

text: minister

text: of

text: war

text: the

text: chief

text: and

text: vice

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Naval

text: General

text: Staff

text: the

text: inspector

text: general

text: of

text: military

text: aviation

text: and

text: the

text: inspector

text: general

text: of

text: military

text: training

text: Feng Zhanhai or Feng Chan-hai, ,(18991963), was one of the leaders of the volunteer armies resisting the Japanese and the puppet state of Manchukuo in Manchuria. Feng was born on November 6, 1899. At eighteen he joined the Dongbei Army, and later entered a military school graduating in 1921. After he graduated, he was successively a platoon leader, company commander, and battalion commander. At the time of the Mukden Incident and invasion of Manchuria he was a colonel commanding a regiment of the Kirin Guards Division.

text: Feng

text: Zhanhai

text: or

text: Feng

text: Chan

text: hai

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: volunteer

text: armies

text: resisting

text: the

text: Japanese

text: and

text: the

text: puppet

text: state

text: of

text: Manchukuo

text: in

text: Manchuria

text: Feng

text: was

text: born

text: on

text: November

text: At

text: eighteen

text: he

text: joined

text: the

text: Dongbei

text: Army

text: and

text: later

text: entered

text: military

text: school

text: graduating

text: in

text: After

text: he

text: graduated

text: he

text: was

text: successively

text: platoon

text: leader

text: company

text: commander

text: and

text: battalion

text: commander

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Mukden

text: Incident

text: and

text: invasion

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: he

text: was

text: colonel

text: commanding

text: regiment

text: of

text: the

text: Kirin

text: Guards

text: Division

annotations: likely single

question: date_of_birth li du

answer: 1883


text: Al - Hakam Ibn Hisham Ibn Abd - ar - Rahman I ( Arabic :     ) was Umayyad Emir of Cordoba from 796 until 822 in the Al - Andalus ( Moorish Iberia ) . Al - Hakam was the second son of his father , his older brother having died at an early age . When he came to power , he was challenged by his uncles Sulayman and Abdallah , sons of his grandfather Abd ar - Rahman I. Abdallah took his two sons Ubayd Allah and Abd al - Malik to the court of Charlemagne in Aix - la - Chapelle to negotiate for aid . In the mean time Sulayman attacked Cordoba , but was defeated and driven back to Mérida where he was captured and executed . Abdallah was pardoned , but was forced to stay in Valencia . Al - Hakam spent much of his reign suppressing rebellions in Toledo , Saragossa and Mérida . The uprisings twice reached Cordoba . An attempt was made to dethrone Al - Hakam and replace him with his cousin Mohammed ibn al - Kasim . When the plot was discovered , on 16 November 806 72 nobles ( accounts talk of 5,000 ) were massacred at a banquet , crucified and displayed along the banks of the river Guadalquivir . Such display of cruelty was not unusual during this period , with the heads of rebel leaders or Christians killed in expeditions to the north being put on show at the gates of Cordoba . Following the rebellion in Cordoba , Al - Hakam established a personal bodyguard , the Al - Haras , led by the Visigothic leader of the secular Christians in Cordoba , the Comes ( Count ) Rabi , son of Theodulf , who also served as the Emir 's tax collector . Rabi was later removed and executed by crucifixion for alleged misappropriations . In 818 he crushed a rebellion led by clerics in the suburb of al - Ribad on the south bank of the Guadalquivir river . Some 300 notables were captured and crucified , while the rest of the inhabitants were exiled . Some moved to Alexandria in Egypt , some to Fez and Crete . Others joined the Levantine pirates . Al - Hakam I died in 822 after having ruled for 26 years .

text: Al

text: Hakam

text: Ibn

text: Hisham

text: Ibn

text: Abd

text: ar

text: Rahman

text: Arabic

text: was

text: Umayyad

text: Emir

text: of

text: Cordoba

text: from

text: until

text: in

text: the

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: Moorish

text: Iberia

text: Al

text: Hakam

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: son

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: his

text: older

text: brother

text: having

text: died

text: at

text: an

text: early

text: age

text: When

text: he

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: he

text: was

text: challenged

text: by

text: his

text: uncles

text: Sulayman

text: and

text: Abdallah

text: sons

text: of

text: his

text: grandfather

text: Abd

text: ar

text: Rahman

text: Abdallah

text: took

text: his

text: two

text: sons

text: Ubayd

text: Allah

text: and

text: Abd

text: al

text: Malik

text: to

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: Charlemagne

text: in

text: Aix

text: la

text: Chapelle

text: to

text: negotiate

text: for

text: aid

text: In

text: the

text: mean

text: time

text: Sulayman

text: attacked

text: Cordoba

text: but

text: was

text: defeated

text: and

text: driven

text: back

text: to

text: Mérida

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: captured

text: and

text: executed

text: Abdallah

text: was

text: pardoned

text: but

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: Valencia

text: Al

text: Hakam

text: spent

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: reign

text: suppressing

text: rebellions

text: in

text: Toledo

text: Saragossa

text: and

text: Mérida

text: The

text: uprisings

text: twice

text: reached

text: Cordoba

text: An

text: attempt

text: was

text: made

text: to

text: dethrone

text: Al

text: Hakam

text: and

text: replace

text: him

text: with

text: his

text: cousin

text: Mohammed

text: ibn

text: al

text: Kasim

text: When

text: the

text: plot

text: was

text: discovered

text: on

text: November

text: nobles

text: accounts

text: talk

text: of

text: were

text: massacred

text: at

text: banquet

text: crucified

text: and

text: displayed

text: along

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: Guadalquivir

text: Such

text: display

text: of

text: cruelty

text: was

text: not

text: unusual

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: with

text: the

text: heads

text: of

text: rebel

text: leaders

text: or

text: Christians

text: killed

text: in

text: expeditions

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: being

text: put

text: on

text: show

text: at

text: the

text: gates

text: of

text: Cordoba

text: Following

text: the

text: rebellion

text: in

text: Cordoba

text: Al

text: Hakam

text: established

text: personal

text: bodyguard

text: the

text: Al

text: Haras

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Visigothic

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: secular

text: Christians

text: in

text: Cordoba

text: the

text: Comes

text: Count

text: Rabi

text: son

text: of

text: Theodulf

text: who

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Emir

text: 's

text: tax

text: collector

text: Rabi

text: was

text: later

text: removed

text: and

text: executed

text: by

text: crucifixion

text: for

text: alleged

text: misappropriations

text: In

text: he

text: crushed

text: rebellion

text: led

text: by

text: clerics

text: in

text: the

text: suburb

text: of

text: al

text: Ribad

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Guadalquivir

text: river

text: Some

text: notables

text: were

text: captured

text: and

text: crucified

text: while

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: were

text: exiled

text: Some

text: moved

text: to

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: Egypt

text: some

text: to

text: Fez

text: and

text: Crete

text: Others

text: joined

text: the

text: Levantine

text: pirates

text: Al

text: Hakam

text: died

text: in

text: after

text: having

text: ruled

text: for

text: years

text: Al-Andalus (trans.   Berber: "Andalus"), also known as Muslim Spain or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal. At its greatest geographical extent in the eighth century, southern FranceSeptimaniawas briefly under its control. The name more generally describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims (given the generic name of Moors) at various times between 711 and 1492, though the boundaries changed constantly as the Christian Reconquista progressed.

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: trans

text: Berber

text: Andalus

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Muslim

text: Spain

text: or

text: Islamic

text: Iberia

text: was

text: medieval

text: Muslim

text: territory

text: and

text: cultural

text: domain

text: occupying

text: at

text: its

text: peak

text: most

text: of

text: what

text: are

text: today

text: Spain

text: and

text: Portugal

text: At

text: its

text: greatest

text: geographical

text: extent

text: in

text: the

text: eighth

text: century

text: southern

text: FranceSeptimaniawas

text: briefly

text: under

text: its

text: control

text: The

text: name

text: more

text: generally

text: describes

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: governed

text: by

text: Muslims

text: given

text: the

text: generic

text: name

text: of

text: Moors

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: between

text: and

text: though

text: the

text: boundaries

text: changed

text: constantly

text: as

text: the

text: Christian

text: Reconquista

text: progressed

text: The (Spanish and Portuguese for the "reconquest") is the period of history of the Iberian Peninsula spanning approximately 770 years between the Islamic conquest of Hispania in 710 and the fall of the last Islamic state in Iberia at Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492. The " ended just before the European discovery of the Americasthe "New World"which ushered in the era of the Portuguese and Spanish colonial empires.

text: The

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: for

text: the

text: reconquest

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: spanning

text: approximately

text: years

text: between

text: the

text: Islamic

text: conquest

text: of

text: Hispania

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: Islamic

text: state

text: in

text: Iberia

text: at

text: Granada

text: to

text: the

text: expanding

text: Christian

text: kingdoms

text: in

text: The

text: ended

text: just

text: before

text: the

text: European

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: Americasthe

text: New

text: World"which

text: ushered

text: in

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: and

text: Spanish

text: colonial

text: empires

text: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.

text: Spain

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: largely

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Europe

text: with

text: two

text: large

text: archipelagos

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: two

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: mainland

text: and

text: several

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Alboran

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: Moroccan

text: coast

text: Its

text: mainland

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Gibraltar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: France

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: border

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: country

text: Morocco

text: and

text: its

text: African

text: territory

text: accounts

text: for

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: Septimania (  ) was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462, when Septimania was ceded to their king, Theodoric II. Under the Visigoths it was known as simply Gallia or Narbonensis. It corresponded roughly with the modern French region of Languedoc-Roussillon. It passed briefly to the Emirate of Córdoba in the eighth century before its conquest by the Franks, who by the end of the ninth century termed it Gothia or the Gothic March ("Marca Gothica").

text: Septimania

text: was

text: the

text: western

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Gallia

text: Narbonensis

text: that

text: passed

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: in

text: when

text: Septimania

text: was

text: ceded

text: to

text: their

text: king

text: Theodoric

text: II

text: Under

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: simply

text: Gallia

text: or

text: Narbonensis

text: It

text: corresponded

text: roughly

text: with

text: the

text: modern

text: French

text: region

text: of

text: Languedoc

text: Roussillon

text: It

text: passed

text: briefly

text: to

text: the

text: Emirate

text: of

text: Córdoba

text: in

text: the

text: eighth

text: century

text: before

text: its

text: conquest

text: by

text: the

text: Franks

text: who

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: ninth

text: century

text: termed

text: it

text: Gothia

text: or

text: the

text: Gothic

text: March

text: Marca

text: Gothica

question: date_of_birth al-hakam i

answer: 770