text: The BordeauxParis professional cycle race was one of Europe's Classic cycle races, and one of the longest in the professional calendar, covering approximately - more than twice most single-day races. It started in northern Bordeaux in southwest France at 2am and finished in the capital Paris 14 hours later. The professional event was held from 1891 until 1988. It was held as an amateur event in 2014.

text: The

text: BordeauxParis

text: professional

text: cycle

text: race

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: Europe

text: 's

text: Classic

text: cycle

text: races

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: in

text: the

text: professional

text: calendar

text: covering

text: approximately

text: more

text: than

text: twice

text: most

text: single

text: day

text: races

text: It

text: started

text: in

text: northern

text: Bordeaux

text: in

text: southwest

text: France

text: at

text: am

text: and

text: finished

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: Paris

text: hours

text: later

text: The

text: professional

text: event

text: was

text: held

text: from

text: until

text: It

text: was

text: held

text: as

text: an

text: amateur

text: event

text: in

text: The 1954 Tour de France was the 41st Tour de France , taking place from July 8 to August 1 , 1954 . It consisted of 23 stages over 4656 km , ridden at an average speed of 33.229 km / h. The race was won by Louison Bobet , the second of his three consecutive wins .

text: The

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: was

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: taking

text: place

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: August

text: It

text: consisted

text: of

text: stages

text: over

text: km

text: ridden

text: at

text: an

text: average

text: speed

text: of

text: km

text: The

text: race

text: was

text: won

text: by

text: Louison

text: Bobet

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: his

text: three

text: consecutive

text: wins

text: The Critérium International is a two-day bicycle stage race held in France every spring, typically the last weekend of March. It was formerly known as the Critérium National de la Route, first run in 1932. For many years it was considered a sort of French national championship and was finally opened to nonFrench cyclists in 1979. Bernard Hinault is the only cyclist to win the race in both its forms. The race has been won by some of the most famous names in cycling, including Jacques Anquetil, Sean Kelly, Bernard Hinault, Miguel Indurain, Stephen Roche, Joop Zoetemelk, Laurent Fignon, Jens Voigt, Cadel Evans and Chris Froome.

text: The

text: Critérium

text: International

text: is

text: two

text: day

text: bicycle

text: stage

text: race

text: held

text: in

text: France

text: every

text: spring

text: typically

text: the

text: last

text: weekend

text: of

text: March

text: It

text: was

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Critérium

text: National

text: de

text: la

text: Route

text: first

text: run

text: in

text: For

text: many

text: years

text: it

text: was

text: considered

text: sort

text: of

text: French

text: national

text: championship

text: and

text: was

text: finally

text: opened

text: to

text: nonFrench

text: cyclists

text: in

text: Bernard

text: Hinault

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: cyclist

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: race

text: in

text: both

text: its

text: forms

text: The

text: race

text: has

text: been

text: won

text: by

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: names

text: in

text: cycling

text: including

text: Jacques

text: Anquetil

text: Sean

text: Kelly

text: Bernard

text: Hinault

text: Miguel

text: Indurain

text: Stephen

text: Roche

text: Joop

text: Zoetemelk

text: Laurent

text: Fignon

text: Jens

text: Voigt

text: Cadel

text: Evans

text: and

text: Chris

text: Froome

text: MilanSan Remo, also called ""The Spring classic"" or ""La Classicissima"", is an annual cycling race between Milan and Sanremo, in Northwest Italy. With a distance of 298 km (~185.2 miles) it is the longest professional one-day race in modern cycling. It is the first major classic race of the season, usually held on the third Saturday of March. The first edition was held in 1907.

text: MilanSan

text: Remo

text: also

text: called

text: The

text: Spring

text: classic

text: or

text: La

text: Classicissima

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: cycling

text: race

text: between

text: Milan

text: and

text: Sanremo

text: in

text: Northwest

text: Italy

text: With

text: distance

text: of

text: km

text: miles

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: professional

text: one

text: day

text: race

text: in

text: modern

text: cycling

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: classic

text: race

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: usually

text: held

text: on

text: the

text: third

text: Saturday

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: first

text: edition

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: The Tour de Luxembourg is an annual stage race in professional road bicycle racing held in Luxembourg. The Tour de Luxembourg is classified as a 2.HC, the highest rating below the World Tour, by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), the sport's governing body. In 2006, the Tour was part of the UCI Europe Tour. Held in late May to early June, the event is sometimes used by riders as a preparation race for the Tour de France.

text: The

text: Tour

text: de

text: Luxembourg

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: stage

text: race

text: in

text: professional

text: road

text: bicycle

text: racing

text: held

text: in

text: Luxembourg

text: The

text: Tour

text: de

text: Luxembourg

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: the

text: highest

text: rating

text: below

text: the

text: World

text: Tour

text: by

text: the

text: Union

text: Cycliste

text: Internationale

text: UCI

text: the

text: sport

text: 's

text: governing

text: body

text: In

text: the

text: Tour

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UCI

text: Europe

text: Tour

text: Held

text: in

text: late

text: May

text: to

text: early

text: June

text: the

text: event

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: by

text: riders

text: as

text: preparation

text: race

text: for

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: The Tour of Flanders, also known as "De Ronde" (""The Tour""), is an annual road cycling race held in Belgium every spring. The most important cycling race in Flanders, it is part of the UCI World Tour and organized by Flanders Classics. Its nickname is "Vlaanderens Mooiste" (Dutch for "Flanders' Finest"). First held in In 1913, the Tour of Flanders had its 100th edition in 2016.

text: The

text: Tour

text: of

text: Flanders

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: De

text: Ronde

text: The

text: Tour

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: road

text: cycling

text: race

text: held

text: in

text: Belgium

text: every

text: spring

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: cycling

text: race

text: in

text: Flanders

text: it

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UCI

text: World

text: Tour

text: and

text: organized

text: by

text: Flanders

text: Classics

text: Its

text: nickname

text: is

text: Vlaanderens

text: Mooiste

text: Dutch

text: for

text: Flanders

text: Finest

text: First

text: held

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Tour

text: of

text: Flanders

text: had

text: its

text: edition

text: in

text: The ParisRoubaix is a one-day professional bicycle road race in northern France, starting north of Paris and finishing on the Belgian frontier. It is one of cycling's oldest races, and is one of the 'Monuments' or classics of the European calendar, and contributes points towards the UCI World Ranking.

text: The

text: ParisRoubaix

text: is

text: one

text: day

text: professional

text: bicycle

text: road

text: race

text: in

text: northern

text: France

text: starting

text: north

text: of

text: Paris

text: and

text: finishing

text: on

text: the

text: Belgian

text: frontier

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: cycling

text: 's

text: oldest

text: races

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Monuments

text: or

text: classics

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: calendar

text: and

text: contributes

text: points

text: towards

text: the

text: UCI

text: World

text: Ranking

text: The Tour de France is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries. The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper "L'Auto"; which is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation. The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars. As the Tour gained prominence and popularity the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe. Participation expanded from a primarily French field, as riders from all over the world began to participate in the race each year. The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite.

text: The

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: multiple

text: stage

text: bicycle

text: race

text: primarily

text: held

text: in

text: France

text: while

text: also

text: occasionally

text: making

text: passes

text: through

text: nearby

text: countries

text: The

text: race

text: was

text: first

text: organized

text: in

text: to

text: increase

text: sales

text: for

text: the

text: newspaper

text: L'Auto

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Amaury

text: Sport

text: Organisation

text: The

text: race

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: annually

text: since

text: its

text: first

text: edition

text: in

text: except

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: stopped

text: for

text: the

text: two

text: World

text: Wars

text: As

text: the

text: Tour

text: gained

text: prominence

text: and

text: popularity

text: the

text: race

text: was

text: lengthened

text: and

text: its

text: reach

text: began

text: to

text: extend

text: around

text: the

text: globe

text: Participation

text: expanded

text: from

text: primarily

text: French

text: field

text: as

text: riders

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: began

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: race

text: each

text: year

text: The

text: Tour

text: is

text: UCI

text: World

text: Tour

text: event

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: teams

text: that

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: race

text: are

text: mostly

text: UCI

text: WorldTeams

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: teams

text: that

text: the

text: organizers

text: invite

text: The Giro di Lombardia, officially " Il Lombardia ", is a cycling race in Lombardy, Italy. It is traditionally the last of the five 'Monuments' of the season, considered to be the oldest and most prestigious one-day events in cycling, and one of the last events on the UCI World Tour calendar. Nicknamed the "Classica delle foglie morte" ("the Classic of the falling (dead) leaves"), it is the most important Autumn Classic in cycling. The race's most famous climb is the Madonna del Ghisallo in the race finale.

text: The

text: Giro

text: di

text: Lombardia

text: officially

text: Il

text: Lombardia

text: is

text: cycling

text: race

text: in

text: Lombardy

text: Italy

text: It

text: is

text: traditionally

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: Monuments

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: prestigious

text: one

text: day

text: events

text: in

text: cycling

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: events

text: on

text: the

text: UCI

text: World

text: Tour

text: calendar

text: Nicknamed

text: the

text: Classica

text: delle

text: foglie

text: morte

text: the

text: Classic

text: of

text: the

text: falling

text: dead

text: leaves

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: Autumn

text: Classic

text: in

text: cycling

text: The

text: race

text: 's

text: most

text: famous

text: climb

text: is

text: the

text: Madonna

text: del

text: Ghisallo

text: in

text: the

text: race

text: finale

text: ParisNice is a professional cycling stage race in France, held annually since 1933. Raced over eight days, the race usually starts with a prologue in the Paris region and ends with a final stage either in Nice or on the Col d'Èze overlooking the city. The event is nicknamed "The Race to the Sun", as it runs in the first half of March, typically starting in cold and wintry conditions in the French capital before reaching the spring sunshine on the Côte dAzur. The hilly course in the last days of the race favours stage racers who often battle for victory. The most recent winner is Welshman Geraint Thomas.

text: ParisNice

text: is

text: professional

text: cycling

text: stage

text: race

text: in

text: France

text: held

text: annually

text: since

text: Raced

text: over

text: eight

text: days

text: the

text: race

text: usually

text: starts

text: with

text: prologue

text: in

text: the

text: Paris

text: region

text: and

text: ends

text: with

text: final

text: stage

text: either

text: in

text: Nice

text: or

text: on

text: the

text: Col

text: d'Èze

text: overlooking

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: event

text: is

text: nicknamed

text: The

text: Race

text: to

text: the

text: Sun

text: as

text: it

text: runs

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: March

text: typically

text: starting

text: in

text: cold

text: and

text: wintry

text: conditions

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: capital

text: before

text: reaching

text: the

text: spring

text: sunshine

text: on

text: the

text: Côte

text: dAzur

text: The

text: hilly

text: course

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: race

text: favours

text: stage

text: racers

text: who

text: often

text: battle

text: for

text: victory

text: The

text: most

text: recent

text: winner

text: is

text: Welshman

text: Geraint

text: Thomas

text: Louis "Louison" Bobet (12 March 1925 - 13 March 1983) was a French professional road racing cyclist. He was the first great French rider of the post-war period and the first rider to win the Tour de France in three successive years, from 1953 to 1955. His career included the national road championship (1950 and 1951), MilanSan Remo (1951), Giro di Lombardia (1951), Critérium International (1951 & 52), ParisNice (1952), Grand Prix des Nations (1952), world road championship (1954), Tour of Flanders (1955), Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré (1955), Tour de Luxembourg (1955), ParisRoubaix (1956) and BordeauxParis (1959).

text: Louis

text: Louison

text: Bobet

text: March

text: March

text: was

text: French

text: professional

text: road

text: racing

text: cyclist

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: great

text: French

text: rider

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: war

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: rider

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: in

text: three

text: successive

text: years

text: from

text: to

text: His

text: career

text: included

text: the

text: national

text: road

text: championship

text: and

text: MilanSan

text: Remo

text: Giro

text: di

text: Lombardia

text: Critérium

text: International

text: ParisNice

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: des

text: Nations

text: world

text: road

text: championship

text: Tour

text: of

text: Flanders

text: Critérium

text: du

text: Dauphiné

text: Libéré

text: Tour

text: de

text: Luxembourg

text: ParisRoubaix

text: and

text: BordeauxParis

question: sport 1954 tour de france

answer: road bicycle racing

text: road bicycle racing


text: A stock index or stock market index is a measurement of the value of a section of the stock market. It is computed from the prices of selected stocks (typically a weighted average). It is a tool used by investors and financial managers to describe the market, and to compare the return on specific investments.

text: stock

text: index

text: or

text: stock

text: market

text: index

text: is

text: measurement

text: of

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: stock

text: market

text: It

text: is

text: computed

text: from

text: the

text: prices

text: of

text: selected

text: stocks

text: typically

text: weighted

text: average

text: It

text: is

text: tool

text: used

text: by

text: investors

text: and

text: financial

text: managers

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: market

text: and

text: to

text: compare

text: the

text: return

text: on

text: specific

text: investments

text: The Russell 3000 Index is a capitalization-weighted stock market index, maintained by FTSE Russell, that seeks to be a benchmark of the entire U.S stock market. It measures the performance of the 3,000 largest publicly held companies incorporated in America and is based on market capitalization. It represents approximately 98% of the American public equity market. The stocks of the Russell 3000 Index have a weighted average market capitalization of about $126 billion; the median market capitalization is approximately $1.6 billion. The index was launched on January 1, 1984.

text: The

text: Russell

text: Index

text: is

text: capitalization

text: weighted

text: stock

text: market

text: index

text: maintained

text: by

text: FTSE

text: Russell

text: that

text: seeks

text: to

text: be

text: benchmark

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: U.S

text: stock

text: market

text: It

text: measures

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: publicly

text: held

text: companies

text: incorporated

text: in

text: America

text: and

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: market

text: capitalization

text: It

text: represents

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: public

text: equity

text: market

text: The

text: stocks

text: of

text: the

text: Russell

text: Index

text: have

text: weighted

text: average

text: market

text: capitalization

text: of

text: about

text: billion

text: the

text: median

text: market

text: capitalization

text: is

text: approximately

text: billion

text: The

text: index

text: was

text: launched

text: on

text: January

text: The Russell Top 50 Index measures the performance of the largest companies in the Russell 3000 Index . It includes approximately 50 of the largest securities based on a combination of their market cap and current index membership and represents approximately 40 % of the total market capitalization of the Russell 3000 .

text: The

text: Russell

text: Top

text: Index

text: measures

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: Russell

text: Index

text: It

text: includes

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: securities

text: based

text: on

text: combination

text: of

text: their

text: market

text: cap

text: and

text: current

text: index

text: membership

text: and

text: represents

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: market

text: capitalization

text: of

text: the

text: Russell

annotations: follows multiple

question: instance_of russell top 50 index

answer: stock market index

text: stock market index

text: stock market index


text: Piraeus ("Pireás" , , "Peiraieús") is a port city in the region of Attica, Greece. Piraeus is located within the Athens urban area, southwest from its city center (municipality of Athens), and lies along the east coast of the Saronic Gulf.

text: Piraeus

text: Pireás

text: Peiraieús

text: is

text: port

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Attica

text: Greece

text: Piraeus

text: is

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: Athens

text: urban

text: area

text: southwest

text: from

text: its

text: city

text: center

text: municipality

text: of

text: Athens

text: and

text: lies

text: along

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Saronic

text: Gulf

text: The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC.

text: The

text: century

text: BC

text: started

text: the

text: first

text: day

text: of

text: BC

text: and

text: ended

text: the

text: last

text: day

text: of

text: BC

text: Athens ("Athína" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study.

text: Athens

text: Athína

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Greece

text: Athens

text: dominates

text: the

text: Attica

text: region

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: cities

text: with

text: its

text: recorded

text: history

text: spanning

text: over

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: earliest

text: human

text: presence

text: starting

text: somewhere

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: millennia

text: BC

text: Classical

text: Athens

text: was

text: powerful

text: city

text: state

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: seagoing

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Piraeus

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: distinct

text: city

text: prior

text: to

text: its

text: century

text: BC

text: incorporation

text: with

text: Athens

text: centre

text: for

text: the

text: arts

text: learning

text: and

text: philosophy

text: home

text: of

text: Plato

text: 's

text: Academy

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: Lyceum

text: it

text: is

text: widely

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: cradle

text: of

text: Western

text: civilization

text: and

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: democracy

text: largely

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: Romans

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: Athens

text: is

text: large

text: cosmopolitan

text: metropolis

text: and

text: central

text: to

text: economic

text: financial

text: industrial

text: maritime

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: life

text: in

text: Greece

text: In

text: Athens

text: was

text: ranked

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: richest

text: city

text: by

text: purchasing

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: in

text: UBS

text: study

text: A metropolis is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications. The term is Greek and means the "mother city" of a colony (in the ancient sense), that is, the city which sent out settlers. This was later generalized to a city regarded as a center of a specified activity, or any large, important city in a nation.

text: metropolis

text: is

text: large

text: city

text: or

text: conurbation

text: which

text: is

text: significant

text: economic

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: center

text: for

text: country

text: or

text: region

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: hub

text: for

text: regional

text: or

text: international

text: connections

text: commerce

text: and

text: communications

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: Greek

text: and

text: means

text: the

text: mother

text: city

text: of

text: colony

text: in

text: the

text: ancient

text: sense

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: which

text: sent

text: out

text: settlers

text: This

text: was

text: later

text: generalized

text: to

text: city

text: regarded

text: as

text: center

text: of

text: specified

text: activity

text: or

text: any

text: large

text: important

text: city

text: in

text: nation

text: Philosophy (from Greek , "philosophia", literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras (c. 570  c. 495 BC). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument and systematic presentation. Classic philosophical questions include: Is it possible to know anything and to prove it? What is most real? However, philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as: Is there a best way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust (if one can get away with it)? Do humans have free will?

text: Philosophy

text: from

text: Greek

text: philosophia

text: literally

text: love

text: of

text: wisdom

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: general

text: and

text: fundamental

text: problems

text: concerning

text: matters

text: such

text: as

text: existence

text: knowledge

text: values

text: reason

text: mind

text: and

text: language

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: probably

text: coined

text: by

text: Pythagoras

text: BC

text: Philosophical

text: methods

text: include

text: questioning

text: critical

text: discussion

text: rational

text: argument

text: and

text: systematic

text: presentation

text: Classic

text: philosophical

text: questions

text: include

text: Is

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: know

text: anything

text: and

text: to

text: prove

text: it

text: What

text: is

text: most

text: real

text: However

text: philosophers

text: might

text: also

text: pose

text: more

text: practical

text: and

text: concrete

text: questions

text: such

text: as

text: Is

text: there

text: best

text: way

text: to

text: live

text: Is

text: it

text: better

text: to

text: be

text: just

text: or

text: unjust

text: if

text: one

text: can

text: get

text: away

text: with

text: it

text: Do

text: humans

text: have

text: free

text: will

text: Recorded history or written history is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication. Recorded history can be contrasted with other narratives of the past, such as mythological, oral or archeological traditions.

text: Recorded

text: history

text: or

text: written

text: history

text: is

text: historical

text: narrative

text: based

text: on

text: written

text: record

text: or

text: other

text: documented

text: communication

text: Recorded

text: history

text: can

text: be

text: contrasted

text: with

text: other

text: narratives

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: such

text: as

text: mythological

text: oral

text: or

text: archeological

text: traditions

text: Doric or Dorian was an Ancient Greek dialect. Its variants were spoken in the southern and eastern Peloponnese, as well as in Sicily, Epirus, Macedonia, Southern Italy, Crete, Rhodes, some islands in the southern Aegean Sea and some cities on the south east coast of Anatolia. Together with Northwest Greek, it forms the "Western group" of classical Greek dialects. By Hellenistic times, under the Achaean League, an Achaean-Doric koiné language appeared, exhibiting many peculiarities common to all Doric dialects, which delayed the spread of the Attic-based Koine Greek to the Peloponnese until the second century BC.

text: Doric

text: or

text: Dorian

text: was

text: an

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: dialect

text: Its

text: variants

text: were

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: and

text: eastern

text: Peloponnese

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: Sicily

text: Epirus

text: Macedonia

text: Southern

text: Italy

text: Crete

text: Rhodes

text: some

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: and

text: some

text: cities

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: Anatolia

text: Together

text: with

text: Northwest

text: Greek

text: it

text: forms

text: the

text: Western

text: group

text: of

text: classical

text: Greek

text: dialects

text: By

text: Hellenistic

text: times

text: under

text: the

text: Achaean

text: League

text: an

text: Achaean

text: Doric

text: koiné

text: language

text: appeared

text: exhibiting

text: many

text: peculiarities

text: common

text: to

text: all

text: Doric

text: dialects

text: which

text: delayed

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: Attic

text: based

text: Koine

text: Greek

text: to

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: until

text: the

text: second

text: century

text: BC

text: Plato (Greek: "Plátn", in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423  348/347 BCE) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition. Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries, Plato's entire "œuvre" is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years.

text: Plato

text: Greek

text: Plátn

text: in

text: Classical

text: Attic

text: or

text: BCE

text: was

text: philosopher

text: in

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Academy

text: in

text: Athens

text: the

text: first

text: institution

text: of

text: higher

text: learning

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: He

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: pivotal

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: philosophy

text: especially

text: the

text: Western

text: tradition

text: Unlike

text: nearly

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: philosophical

text: contemporaries

text: Plato

text: 's

text: entire

text: œuvre

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: survived

text: intact

text: for

text: over

text: years

text: A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories. Historically, this included cities such as Rome, Athens, Carthage, and the Italian city-states during the Renaissancebut today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist, with some disagreement as to which are city-states. A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore, Monaco, and Vatican City.

text: city

text: state

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: dependent

text: territories

text: Historically

text: this

text: included

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Rome

text: Athens

text: Carthage

text: and

text: the

text: Italian

text: city

text: states

text: during

text: the

text: Renaissancebut

text: today

text: only

text: handful

text: of

text: sovereign

text: city

text: states

text: exist

text: with

text: some

text: disagreement

text: as

text: to

text: which

text: are

text: city

text: states

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: consensus

text: exists

text: that

text: the

text: term

text: properly

text: applies

text: to

text: Singapore

text: Monaco

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Sparta (Doric Greek: ; Attic Greek: ) was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece. In antiquity the city-state was known as Lacedaemon, while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.

text: Sparta

text: Doric

text: Greek

text: Attic

text: Greek

text: was

text: prominent

text: city

text: state

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: In

text: antiquity

text: the

text: city

text: state

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Lacedaemon

text: while

text: the

text: name

text: Sparta

text: referred

text: to

text: its

text: main

text: settlement

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Eurotas

text: River

text: in

text: Laconia

text: in

text: south

text: eastern

text: Peloponnese

text: Around

text: BC

text: it

text: rose

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: military

text: land

text: power

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: In Greek mythology, Eurotas was a king of Laconia, the son of King Myles and grandson of Lelex, eponymous ancestor of the Leleges. He had no male heir, but he did have a daughter Sparta and wife Clete. Eurotas bequeathed the kingdom to Lacedaemon, the son of Taygete, after whom Mount Taygetus is named, and Zeus, according to Pausanias. Lacedaemon married Sparta and renamed the state after his wife.

text: In

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: Eurotas

text: was

text: king

text: of

text: Laconia

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: King

text: Myles

text: and

text: grandson

text: of

text: Lelex

text: eponymous

text: ancestor

text: of

text: the

text: Leleges

text: He

text: had

text: no

text: male

text: heir

text: but

text: he

text: did

text: have

text: daughter

text: Sparta

text: and

text: wife

text: Clete

text: Eurotas

text: bequeathed

text: the

text: kingdom

text: to

text: Lacedaemon

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Taygete

text: after

text: whom

text: Mount

text: Taygetus

text: is

text: named

text: and

text: Zeus

text: according

text: to

text: Pausanias

text: Lacedaemon

text: married

text: Sparta

text: and

text: renamed

text: the

text: state

text: after

text: his

text: wife

text: The city of Athens during the classical period of Ancient Greece (508322 BC) was the major urban center of the notable polis (city-state) of the same name, located in Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League. Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Isagoras. This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of Lamian War). The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles.

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Athens

text: during

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: BC

text: was

text: the

text: major

text: urban

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: notable

text: polis

text: city

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: located

text: in

text: Attica

text: Greece

text: leading

text: the

text: Delian

text: League

text: in

text: the

text: Peloponnesian

text: War

text: against

text: Sparta

text: and

text: the

text: Peloponnesian

text: League

text: Athenian

text: democracy

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: BC

text: under

text: Cleisthenes

text: following

text: the

text: tyranny

text: of

text: Isagoras

text: This

text: system

text: remained

text: remarkably

text: stable

text: and

text: with

text: few

text: brief

text: interruptions

text: remained

text: in

text: place

text: for

text: years

text: until

text: BC

text: aftermath

text: of

text: Lamian

text: War

text: The

text: peak

text: of

text: Athenian

text: hegemony

text: was

text: achieved

text: in

text: the

text: to

text: BC

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Pericles

text: Laconia, also known as Lacedaemonia, is a region in the southeastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. Its administrative capital is Sparta. The word "laconic" is derived from the name of the region by analogyto speak in a concise way, as the Spartans were reputed by the Athenians to do.

text: Laconia

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Lacedaemonia

text: is

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: peninsula

text: Its

text: administrative

text: capital

text: is

text: Sparta

text: The

text: word

text: laconic

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: by

text: analogyto

text: speak

text: in

text: concise

text: way

text: as

text: the

text: Spartans

text: were

text: reputed

text: by

text: the

text: Athenians

text: to

text: do

text: The Battle of Mytilene was a battle fought in 406 BC between Athens and Sparta . The Spartans were victorious .

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Mytilene

text: was

text: battle

text: fought

text: in

text: BC

text: between

text: Athens

text: and

text: Sparta

text: The

text: Spartans

text: were

text: victorious

text:
Greece (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ' ), historically also known as Hellas ("" ), is a country in southeastern Europe.
Greece's population is approximately 10.955 million as of 2015. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.

text: Greece

text: officially

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: Republic

text: Greek

text: historically

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Hellas

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: Greece

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: approximately

text: million

text: as

text: of

text: Athens

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: followed

text: by

text: Thessaloniki

text: Attica (or ; or ) is a historical region that encompasses the city of Athens, the capital of Greece. The historical region is centered on the Attic peninsula, which projects into the Aegean Sea. The modern administrative region of Attica is more extensive than the historical region and includes the Saronic Islands, Cythera, and the municipality of Troizinia on the Peloponnesian mainland. The history of Attica is tightly linked with that of Athens, which, from the classical period, was one of the most important cities in the ancient world.

text: Attica

text: or

text: or

text: is

text: historical

text: region

text: that

text: encompasses

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Athens

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Greece

text: The

text: historical

text: region

text: is

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: Attic

text: peninsula

text: which

text: projects

text: into

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: The

text: modern

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: Attica

text: is

text: more

text: extensive

text: than

text: the

text: historical

text: region

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: Saronic

text: Islands

text: Cythera

text: and

text: the

text: municipality

text: of

text: Troizinia

text: on

text: the

text: Peloponnesian

text: mainland

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: Attica

text: is

text: tightly

text: linked

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: Athens

text: which

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: period

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: ancient

text: world

text: Aristotle ("Aristotéls"; 384322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects  including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government  and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC.

text: Aristotle

text: Aristotéls

text: BC

text: was

text: Greek

text: philosopher

text: and

text: scientist

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Stagira

text: Chalkidice

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: periphery

text: of

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: His

text: father

text: Nicomachus

text: died

text: when

text: Aristotle

text: was

text: child

text: whereafter

text: Proxenus

text: of

text: Atarneus

text: became

text: his

text: guardian

text: At

text: seventeen

text: or

text: eighteen

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: he

text: joined

text: Plato

text: 's

text: Academy

text: in

text: Athens

text: and

text: remained

text: there

text: until

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: thirty

text: seven

text: BC

text: His

text: writings

text: cover

text: many

text: subjects

text: including

text: physics

text: biology

text: zoology

text: metaphysics

text: logic

text: ethics

text: aesthetics

text: poetry

text: theater

text: music

text: rhetoric

text: linguistics

text: politics

text: and

text: government

text: and

text: constitute

text: the

text: first

text: comprehensive

text: system

text: of

text: Western

text: philosophy

text: Shortly

text: after

text: Plato

text: died

text: Aristotle

text: left

text: Athens

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: request

text: of

text: Philip

text: of

text: Macedon

text: tutored

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: beginning

text: in

text: BC

text: Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th-9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the period of Archaic Greece and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC. Due to the conquests by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Hellenistic civilization flourished from Central Asia to the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. The Hellenistic period came to an end with the conquests and annexations of the eastern Mediterranean world by the Roman Republic, which established the Roman province of Macedonia in Roman Greece, and later the province of Achaea during the Roman Empire.

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: was

text: civilization

text: belonging

text: to

text: period

text: of

text: Greek

text: history

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: of

text: the

text: centuries

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: antiquity

text: AD

text: Immediately

text: following

text: this

text: period

text: was

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: era

text: Roughly

text: three

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: collapse

text: of

text: Mycenaean

text: Greece

text: Greek

text: urban

text: poleis

text: began

text: to

text: form

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: ushering

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Archaic

text: Greece

text: and

text: colonization

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: an

text: era

text: that

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Greco

text: Persian

text: Wars

text: lasting

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: conquests

text: by

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: Hellenistic

text: civilization

text: flourished

text: from

text: Central

text: Asia

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: The

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: with

text: the

text: conquests

text: and

text: annexations

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: in

text: Roman

text: Greece

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Achaea

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Attic Greek is the main Greek dialect that was spoken in ancient Attica, which includes Athens. Of the ancient dialects, it is the most similar to later Greek and is the standard form of the language that is studied in ancient-Greek language courses. Attic Greek is sometimes included in the Ionic dialect. Together, Attic and Ionic are the primary influences on Modern Greek.

text: Attic

text: Greek

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: Greek

text: dialect

text: that

text: was

text: spoken

text: in

text: ancient

text: Attica

text: which

text: includes

text: Athens

text: Of

text: the

text: ancient

text: dialects

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: similar

text: to

text: later

text: Greek

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: standard

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: that

text: is

text: studied

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: language

text: courses

text: Attic

text: Greek

text: is

text: sometimes

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Ionic

text: dialect

text: Together

text: Attic

text: and

text: Ionic

text: are

text: the

text: primary

text: influences

text: on

text: Modern

text: Greek

text: The Peloponnese or Peloponnesus ("Pelopónnsos"), is a peninsula and geographic region in southern Greece. It is separated from the central part of the country by the Gulf of Corinth. During the late Middle Ages and the Ottoman era, the peninsula was known as the Morea, a name still in colloquial use in its demotic form ().

text: The

text: Peloponnese

text: or

text: Peloponnesus

text: Pelopónnsos

text: is

text: peninsula

text: and

text: geographic

text: region

text: in

text: southern

text: Greece

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Corinth

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: era

text: the

text: peninsula

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Morea

text: name

text: still

text: in

text: colloquial

text: use

text: in

text: its

text: demotic

text: form

annotations: likely multiple

question: part_of battle of mytilene

answer: peloponnesian war

text: peloponnesian war


text: School of Architecture and Planning ( SAP ) is one of the four constituent colleges of Anna University , Chennai , Tamil Nadu . It was established as a Department of Architecture of the University of Madras in 1957 and was located in the Alagappa College of Technology . The department was later renamed as the School of Architecture and Planning , and shifted to its own independent campus in 1968 . It is now a constituent college of Anna University . SAP is headed by Dr. Ranee Vedamuthu as its Dean . The School functions as two departments - Department of Architecture and Department of Planning headed by Dr. P Meena Kumari ( i / c ) and Dr. Abdul Razak respectively . The School conducts undergraduate and postgraduate courses in Architecture and a postgraduate course in Planning . SAP also offers Ph D programs in Architecture and Planning and MS degree ( through research ) . The School has state of the art facilities and its own library with a collection of publications of about 15,000 which include books , Journals , thesis reports and back volumes . The Library has now become a resource center for Architectural colleges of Tamil Nadu as well as for other States . SAP has a Centre for Human Settlements ( CHS ) which is an autonomous Centre of the Anna University . It was established in the year 1980 and is headed by Dr. S R Masilamani . It is an interdisciplinary Centre offering Consultancy , Training , Research and Extension services in the areas related to Urban and Regional Planning , Development and Management . http://www.annauniv.edu

text: School

text: of

text: Architecture

text: and

text: Planning

text: SAP

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: constituent

text: colleges

text: of

text: Anna

text: University

text: Chennai

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: Department

text: of

text: Architecture

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Madras

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Alagappa

text: College

text: of

text: Technology

text: The

text: department

text: was

text: later

text: renamed

text: as

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: Architecture

text: and

text: Planning

text: and

text: shifted

text: to

text: its

text: own

text: independent

text: campus

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: constituent

text: college

text: of

text: Anna

text: University

text: SAP

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: Dr.

text: Ranee

text: Vedamuthu

text: as

text: its

text: Dean

text: The

text: School

text: functions

text: as

text: two

text: departments

text: Department

text: of

text: Architecture

text: and

text: Department

text: of

text: Planning

text: headed

text: by

text: Dr.

text: Meena

text: Kumari

text: and

text: Dr.

text: Abdul

text: Razak

text: respectively

text: The

text: School

text: conducts

text: undergraduate

text: and

text: postgraduate

text: courses

text: in

text: Architecture

text: and

text: postgraduate

text: course

text: in

text: Planning

text: SAP

text: also

text: offers

text: Ph

text: programs

text: in

text: Architecture

text: and

text: Planning

text: and

text: MS

text: degree

text: through

text: research

text: The

text: School

text: has

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: art

text: facilities

text: and

text: its

text: own

text: library

text: with

text: collection

text: of

text: publications

text: of

text: about

text: which

text: include

text: books

text: Journals

text: thesis

text: reports

text: and

text: back

text: volumes

text: The

text: Library

text: has

text: now

text: become

text: resource

text: center

text: for

text: Architectural

text: colleges

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: other

text: States

text: SAP

text: has

text: Centre

text: for

text: Human

text: Settlements

text: CHS

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: Centre

text: of

text: the

text: Anna

text: University

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: Dr.

text: Masilamani

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: interdisciplinary

text: Centre

text: offering

text: Consultancy

text: Training

text: Research

text: and

text: Extension

text: services

text: in

text: the

text: areas

text: related

text: to

text: Urban

text: and

text: Regional

text: Planning

text: Development

text: and

text: Management

text: The Coromandel Coast is the southeastern coast region of the Indian Subcontinent, between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal of the Indian Ocean. The coastline runs between False Divi Point in the north to Kanyakumari in the south. Its definition can also include the northwestern coast of the island of Sri Lanka.

text: The

text: Coromandel

text: Coast

text: is

text: the

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Subcontinent

text: between

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Ghats

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: The

text: coastline

text: runs

text: between

text: False

text: Divi

text: Point

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: Kanyakumari

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Its

text: definition

text: can

text: also

text: include

text: the

text: northwestern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Chennai ; formerly known as Madras or ) is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is one of the biggest cultural, economic and educational centres in South India. According to the 2011 Indian census, it is the sixth-largest city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India. The city together with the adjoining regions constitute the Chennai Metropolitan Area, which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world. Chennai is among the most visited Indian cities by foreign tourists. It was ranked 43rd most visited city in the world for year 2015. The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India. Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. As such, it is termed "India's health capital". As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Chennai confronts substantial pollution and other logistical and socio-economic problems.

text: Chennai

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Madras

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: Coromandel

text: Coast

text: off

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: cultural

text: economic

text: and

text: educational

text: centres

text: in

text: South

text: India

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: census

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: in

text: India

text: The

text: city

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: adjoining

text: regions

text: constitute

text: the

text: Chennai

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: by

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Chennai

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: visited

text: Indian

text: cities

text: by

text: foreign

text: tourists

text: It

text: was

text: ranked

text: most

text: visited

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: for

text: year

text: The

text: Quality

text: of

text: Living

text: Survey

text: rated

text: Chennai

text: as

text: the

text: safest

text: city

text: in

text: India

text: Chennai

text: attracts

text: percent

text: of

text: health

text: tourists

text: visiting

text: India

text: and

text: to

text: percent

text: of

text: domestic

text: health

text: tourists

text: As

text: such

text: it

text: is

text: termed

text: India

text: 's

text: health

text: capital

text: As

text: growing

text: metropolitan

text: city

text: in

text: developing

text: country

text: Chennai

text: confronts

text: substantial

text: pollution

text: and

text: other

text: logistical

text: and

text: socio

text: economic

text: problems

text: Tamil Nadu (English pronunciation:  ; ""; : ; literally 'The Land of Tamils' or 'Tamil Country') is one of the 29 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north, by the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Kerala on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast, and by the Indian Ocean on the south. The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka.

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: English

text: pronunciation

text: literally

text: The

text: Land

text: of

text: Tamils

text: or

text: Tamil

text: Country

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: India

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Chennai

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Madras

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: southernmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: union

text: territory

text: of

text: Puducherry

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: Kerala

text: Karnataka

text: and

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Ghats

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Nilgiri

text: the

text: Anamalai

text: Hills

text: and

text: Kerala

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mannar

text: and

text: the

text: Palk

text: Strait

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: state

text: shares

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: nation

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Puducherry (literally "New Town" in Tamil), formerly known as Pondicherry is a union territory of India. It was formed out of four exclaves of former French India, namely Pondichéry (Pondicherry), Karikal (Karaikal), Mahé and Yanaon (Yanam). It is named after the largest district Pondicherry. Historically known as "Pondicherry" ("Piccri"), the territory changed its official name to "Puducherry" ("Putuccri") on 20 September 2006.

text: Puducherry

text: literally

text: New

text: Town

text: in

text: Tamil

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Pondicherry

text: is

text: union

text: territory

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: out

text: of

text: four

text: exclaves

text: of

text: former

text: French

text: India

text: namely

text: Pondichéry

text: Pondicherry

text: Karikal

text: Karaikal

text: Mahé

text: and

text: Yanaon

text: Yanam

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: largest

text: district

text: Pondicherry

text: Historically

text: known

text: as

text: Pondicherry

text: Piccri

text: the

text: territory

text: changed

text: its

text: official

text: name

text: to

text: Puducherry

text: Putuccri

text: on

text: September

text: Andhra Pradesh() is one of the 29 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of the country. The state is the eighth largest state in India covering an area of . As per 2011 Census of India, the state is tenth largest by population with 49,386,799 inhabitants.

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: India

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: India

text: covering

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: As

text: per

text: Census

text: of

text: India

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: tenth

text: largest

text: by

text: population

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: Guindy (Tamil:) is one of the important neighborhoods of Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu, India. It is in the southwestern part of the city. It is the entry point or the gateway to Chennai city from the southern parts of Tamil Nadu and the southwestern suburbs of Chennai. The Kathipara junction (where Anna Salai, Mount-Poonamallee Road, Inner Ring Road, 100 Feet Road or Jawaharlal Nehru Road, and GST Road meet here. It is one of the important nodal points of road traffic in the metropolitan area. This junction serves as the entry point to the city limits from the suburbs. It is surrounded by Saidapet in the north, Kotturpuram and Adyar towards the east, Velachery in the south and Adambakkam and St. Thomas Mount in the west. Guindy is home to many important landmarks in the city, the most famous amongst them being the Guindy National Park  the only National Park in the country within city limits. It also serves as a main hub for several small and medium scale industries (Guindy Thiru Vi Ka Estate). Transportation to/ from the neighborhood is catered by Guindy railway station.

text: Guindy

text: Tamil

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: important

text: neighborhoods

text: of

text: Chennai

text: Madras

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: India

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: entry

text: point

text: or

text: the

text: gateway

text: to

text: Chennai

text: city

text: from

text: the

text: southern

text: parts

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: and

text: the

text: southwestern

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Chennai

text: The

text: Kathipara

text: junction

text: where

text: Anna

text: Salai

text: Mount

text: Poonamallee

text: Road

text: Inner

text: Ring

text: Road

text: Feet

text: Road

text: or

text: Jawaharlal

text: Nehru

text: Road

text: and

text: GST

text: Road

text: meet

text: here

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: important

text: nodal

text: points

text: of

text: road

text: traffic

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: This

text: junction

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: entry

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: from

text: the

text: suburbs

text: It

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: Saidapet

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Kotturpuram

text: and

text: Adyar

text: towards

text: the

text: east

text: Velachery

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Adambakkam

text: and

text: St.

text: Thomas

text: Mount

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Guindy

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: important

text: landmarks

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: amongst

text: them

text: being

text: the

text: Guindy

text: National

text: Park

text: the

text: only

text: National

text: Park

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: It

text: also

text: serves

text: as

text: main

text: hub

text: for

text: several

text: small

text: and

text: medium

text: scale

text: industries

text: Guindy

text: Thiru

text: Vi

text: Ka

text: Estate

text: Transportation

text: to/

text: from

text: the

text: neighborhood

text: is

text: catered

text: by

text: Guindy

text: railway

text: station

text: The Palk Strait is a strait between the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Mannar district of the Northern Province of the island nation of Sri Lanka. It connects the Bay of Bengal in the northeast with the Palk Bay in the southwest. The strait is wide. Several rivers flow into it, including the Vaigai River of Tamil Nadu. The strait is named after Robert Palk, who was a governor of Madras Presidency (17551763) during the Company Raj period.

text: The

text: Palk

text: Strait

text: is

text: strait

text: between

text: the

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: state

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: Mannar

text: district

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Province

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: nation

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: It

text: connects

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: with

text: the

text: Palk

text: Bay

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: strait

text: is

text: wide

text: Several

text: rivers

text: flow

text: into

text: it

text: including

text: the

text: Vaigai

text: River

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: The

text: strait

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Robert

text: Palk

text: who

text: was

text: governor

text: of

text: Madras

text: Presidency

text: during

text: the

text: Company

text: Raj

text: period

text: Bengal (bgl; Bengali: ,  and ) is a region in Asia which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Geographically, it is made up by the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta system, the largest such formation in the world; along with mountains in its north (bordering the Himalayan states) and east (bordering Northeast India and Burma).

text: Bengal

text: bgl

text: Bengali

text: and

text: is

text: region

text: in

text: Asia

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: at

text: the

text: apex

text: of

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: Geographically

text: it

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: Ganges

text: Brahmaputra

text: delta

text: system

text: the

text: largest

text: such

text: formation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: along

text: with

text: mountains

text: in

text: its

text: north

text: bordering

text: the

text: Himalayan

text: states

text: and

text: east

text: bordering

text: Northeast

text: India

text: and

text: Burma

text: Coimbatore, also known as Kovai, is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the banks of the Noyyal River surrounded by the Western Ghats, it is the second largest city by population in the state after Chennai and 23rd populated city in India. It is the largest city in the Kongunadu region. It is administered by the Coimbatore Municipal Corporation and is the administrative capital of Coimbatore district. It is one of the fastest growing tier-II cities in India and a major hub for textiles, industries, commerce, education, information technology, healthcare and manufacturing in Tamil Nadu. It is often referred to as the "Manchester of South India" due to its cotton production and textile industries. Coimbatore is also referred to as the "Pump City" and it supplies nearly half of India's requirements of motors and pumps. The city is one of the largest exporters of jewellery, wet grinders, poultry and auto components with "Coimbatore Wet Grinder" and "Kovai Cora Cotton" recognised as Geographical Indications by the Government of India.

text: Coimbatore

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Kovai

text: is

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Noyyal

text: River

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Ghats

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: after

text: Chennai

text: and

text: populated

text: city

text: in

text: India

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Kongunadu

text: region

text: It

text: is

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Coimbatore

text: Municipal

text: Corporation

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: capital

text: of

text: Coimbatore

text: district

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: tier

text: II

text: cities

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: major

text: hub

text: for

text: textiles

text: industries

text: commerce

text: education

text: information

text: technology

text: healthcare

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: in

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Manchester

text: of

text: South

text: India

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: cotton

text: production

text: and

text: textile

text: industries

text: Coimbatore

text: is

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Pump

text: City

text: and

text: it

text: supplies

text: nearly

text: half

text: of

text: India

text: 's

text: requirements

text: of

text: motors

text: and

text: pumps

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: exporters

text: of

text: jewellery

text: wet

text: grinders

text: poultry

text: and

text: auto

text: components

text: with

text: Coimbatore

text: Wet

text: Grinder

text: and

text: Kovai

text: Cora

text: Cotton

text: recognised

text: as

text: Geographical

text: Indications

text: by

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: Tirunelveli ), also known as Nellai and historically (during British rule) as Tinnevelly, is a city in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of the Tirunelveli District. It is the sixth-largest municipal corporation in the state (after Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore, Tiruchirappalli, Salem). Tirunelveli is located southwest of the state capital, Chennai and away from Thoothukudi.

text: Tirunelveli

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Nellai

text: and

text: historically

text: during

text: British

text: rule

text: as

text: Tinnevelly

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Tirunelveli

text: District

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: municipal

text: corporation

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: after

text: Chennai

text: Madurai

text: Coimbatore

text: Tiruchirappalli

text: Salem

text: Tirunelveli

text: is

text: located

text: southwest

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Chennai

text: and

text: away

text: from

text: Thoothukudi

text: Anna University is a technical university in Tamil Nadu, India. The main university campus is located in Guindy, Chennai. It was named after C N Annadurai, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on 4 September 1978 . It became an affiliating university in 2001, absorbing all engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu. In 2007, it was split into six constituent universities namely Chennai (campus), Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Tiruchirappalli and Tirunelveli. On 14 September 2011, the constituents were merged back to a single affiliating university for engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu.

text: Anna

text: University

text: is

text: technical

text: university

text: in

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: India

text: The

text: main

text: university

text: campus

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Guindy

text: Chennai

text: It

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: Annadurai

text: former

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: on

text: September

text: It

text: became

text: an

text: affiliating

text: university

text: in

text: absorbing

text: all

text: engineering

text: colleges

text: in

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: split

text: into

text: six

text: constituent

text: universities

text: namely

text: Chennai

text: campus

text: Chennai

text: Coimbatore

text: Madurai

text: Tiruchirappalli

text: and

text: Tirunelveli

text: On

text: September

text: the

text: constituents

text: were

text: merged

text: back

text: to

text: single

text: affiliating

text: university

text: for

text: engineering

text: colleges

text: in

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: The University of Madras (informally known as Madras University) is a public state university in Chennai (formerly Madras), Tamil Nadu. Established in 1857, it is one of the oldest and premier universities in India. The university was incorporated by an act of the Legislative Council of India.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Madras

text: informally

text: known

text: as

text: Madras

text: University

text: is

text: public

text: state

text: university

text: in

text: Chennai

text: formerly

text: Madras

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: Established

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: and

text: premier

text: universities

text: in

text: India

text: The

text: university

text: was

text: incorporated

text: by

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Council

text: of

text: India

text: Sri Lanka (or ; Sinhalese:   ', Tamil:  "Ilakai"), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (formerly known as Ceylon), is an island country in South Asia near south-east India. Sri Lanka has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the southwest.

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: or

text: Sinhalese

text: Tamil

text: Ilakai

text: officially

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Ceylon

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: near

text: south

text: east

text: India

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: has

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Karnataka (IPA:) is a state in south western region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed "Karnataka" in 1973. The capital and largest city is Bangalore (Bengaluru). Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea and the Laccadive Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. The state covers an area of , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India. It is the seventh largest Indian state by area. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada, one of the classical languages of India, is the most widely spoken and official language of the state.

text: Karnataka

text: IPA

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: south

text: western

text: region

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: on

text: November

text: with

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: States

text: Reorganisation

text: Act

text: Originally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Mysore

text: it

text: was

text: renamed

text: Karnataka

text: in

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Bangalore

text: Bengaluru

text: Karnataka

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Laccadive

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Goa

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Maharashtra

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Telangana

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: Kerala

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: state

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: or

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: geographical

text: area

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: Indian

text: state

text: by

text: area

text: With

text: inhabitants

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: Karnataka

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: state

text: by

text: population

text: comprising

text: districts

text: Kannada

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: and

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Kerala, historically known as Keralam, is an Indian state in South India on the Malabar coast. It was formed on 1 November 1956 following the States Reorganisation Act by combining Malayalam-speaking regions. Spread over , it is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census, Kerala is the thirteenth-largest state by population and is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state.

text: Kerala

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: Keralam

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: state

text: in

text: South

text: India

text: on

text: the

text: Malabar

text: coast

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: on

text: November

text: following

text: the

text: States

text: Reorganisation

text: Act

text: by

text: combining

text: Malayalam

text: speaking

text: regions

text: Spread

text: over

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Karnataka

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Lakshadweep

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: With

text: inhabitants

text: as

text: per

text: the

text: Census

text: Kerala

text: is

text: the

text: thirteenth

text: largest

text: state

text: by

text: population

text: and

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: districts

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: being

text: Thiruvananthapuram

text: Malayalam

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: language

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: The Gulf of Mannar is a large shallow bay forming part of the Laccadive Sea in the Indian Ocean. It lies between the southeastern tip of India and the west coast of Sri Lanka, in the Coromandel Coast region.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mannar

text: is

text: large

text: shallow

text: bay

text: forming

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Laccadive

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: It

text: lies

text: between

text: the

text: southeastern

text: tip

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: in

text: the

text: Coromandel

text: Coast

text: region

text: Madurai is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of Madurai District. Madurai is the third largest city by population in Tamil Nadu, and is the 25th populated city in India. Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. Madurai was the longest continuous capital city until British rule in India, and was the first major settlement in central and southern Asia..Madurai has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Prime Minister Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.

text: Madurai

text: is

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: headquarters

text: of

text: Madurai

text: District

text: Madurai

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: population

text: in

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: populated

text: city

text: in

text: India

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: River

text: Vaigai

text: Madurai

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: continuously

text: inhabited

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Madurai

text: was

text: the

text: longest

text: continuous

text: capital

text: city

text: until

text: British

text: rule

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: settlement

text: in

text: central

text: and

text: southern

text: Asia

text: Madurai

text: has

text: been

text: selected

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: hundred

text: Indian

text: cities

text: to

text: be

text: developed

text: as

text: smart

text: city

text: under

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Narendra

text: Modi

text: 's

text: flagship

text: Smart

text: Cities

text: Mission

text: The Chennai Metropolitan Area is the fourth most populous, and the fourth largest metropolitan area in India and is the 22nd most populous city in Asia or the 40th most populous city in the world. The CMA consists of the metropolitan city of Chennai (Madras) and its suburbs. The Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) is the nodal agency that handles town planning and development within the metro area. Since 1974, an area encompassing 1189 km around the city has been designated as the Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) and the CMDA has been designated as the authority to plan the growth of the city and the area around it.

text: The

text: Chennai

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Asia

text: or

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: CMA

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: city

text: of

text: Chennai

text: Madras

text: and

text: its

text: suburbs

text: The

text: Chennai

text: Metropolitan

text: Development

text: Authority

text: CMDA

text: is

text: the

text: nodal

text: agency

text: that

text: handles

text: town

text: planning

text: and

text: development

text: within

text: the

text: metro

text: area

text: Since

text: an

text: area

text: encompassing

text: km

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: been

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Chennai

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: CMA

text: and

text: the

text: CMDA

text: has

text: been

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: plan

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: area

text: around

text: it

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: South India is the area encompassing the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Telangana as well as the union territories of Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep and Puducherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area. Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south. The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges - the Western and Eastern Ghats, bordering the plateau heartland. Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra and Vaigai rivers are important non-perennial sources of water. Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Coimbatore and Kochi are the largest urban areas.

text: South

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: encompassing

text: the

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: Karnataka

text: Kerala

text: and

text: Telangana

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: union

text: territories

text: of

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Lakshadweep

text: and

text: Puducherry

text: occupying

text: of

text: India

text: 's

text: area

text: Covering

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: peninsular

text: Deccan

text: Plateau

text: South

text: India

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: geography

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: diverse

text: with

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Western

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Ghats

text: bordering

text: the

text: plateau

text: heartland

text: Godavari

text: Krishna

text: Kaveri

text: Tungabhadra

text: and

text: Vaigai

text: rivers

text: are

text: important

text: non

text: perennial

text: sources

text: of

text: water

text: Bangalore

text: Chennai

text: Hyderabad

text: Visakhapatnam

text: Vijayawada

text: Coimbatore

text: and

text: Kochi

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: areas

text: The Bay of Bengal, the largest bay in the world, forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Roughly triangular, it is bordered mostly by India and Sri Lanka to the west, Bangladesh to the north, and Myanmar (Burma) and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) to the east.

text: The

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: the

text: largest

text: bay

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: forms

text: the

text: northeastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: Roughly

text: triangular

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: mostly

text: by

text: India

text: and

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: the

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Alagappa College of Technology is an educational institution located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India that offers higher education in Engineering, Technology and allied Sciences. The college was established in 1944 and was integrated with Anna University in 1978 from University of Madras as a constituent part of Anna University.

text: Alagappa

text: College

text: of

text: Technology

text: is

text: an

text: educational

text: institution

text: located

text: in

text: Chennai

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: India

text: that

text: offers

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: Engineering

text: Technology

text: and

text: allied

text: Sciences

text: The

text: college

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: integrated

text: with

text: Anna

text: University

text: in

text: from

text: University

text: of

text: Madras

text: as

text: constituent

text: part

text: of

text: Anna

text: University

text:
The Eastern Ghats or Kizhakku thodarchi malaigal or Prva Gha, (ta:  )
(Hindi:  ) also known as Mahendra Parvatam in the south, are a discontinuous range of mountains along India's eastern coast. The Eastern Ghats run from the northern Odisha through Andhra Pradesh to Tamil Nadu in the south passing some parts of Karnataka. They are eroded and cut through by the four major rivers of peninsular India, known as the Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, and Kaveri.

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Ghats

text: or

text: Kizhakku

text: thodarchi

text: malaigal

text: or

text: Prva

text: Gha

text: ta

text: Hindi

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Mahendra

text: Parvatam

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: are

text: discontinuous

text: range

text: of

text: mountains

text: along

text: India

text: 's

text: eastern

text: coast

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Ghats

text: run

text: from

text: the

text: northern

text: Odisha

text: through

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: to

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: passing

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: Karnataka

text: They

text: are

text: eroded

text: and

text: cut

text: through

text: by

text: the

text: four

text: major

text: rivers

text: of

text: peninsular

text: India

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Godavari

text: Mahanadi

text: Krishna

text: and

text: Kaveri

question: country anna university school of architecture and planning

answer: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india

text: india