text: The term "Melkite", also written "Melchite", refers to various Byzantine Rite Christian churches and their members originating in the Middle East. The word comes from the Syriac word "malkoyo", and the Arabic word "Malk" (meaning "royal", and by extension, "imperial"). When used in an ecclesiastical sense, it refers specifically to the Melkite Greek Catholic Church as an ethnoreligious group.

text: The

text: term

text: Melkite

text: also

text: written

text: Melchite

text: refers

text: to

text: various

text: Byzantine

text: Rite

text: Christian

text: churches

text: and

text: their

text: members

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: The

text: word

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Syriac

text: word

text: malkoyo

text: and

text: the

text: Arabic

text: word

text: Malk

text: meaning

text: royal

text: and

text: by

text: extension

text: imperial

text: When

text: used

text: in

text: an

text: ecclesiastical

text: sense

text: it

text: refers

text: specifically

text: to

text: the

text: Melkite

text: Greek

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: as

text: an

text: ethnoreligious

text: group

text: The Syriac Catholic Church (or Syrian Catholic Church) ("o suryaio qaolqaio") is a Christian church in the Levant and a wide diaspora using the Syrian Rite, which has many practices and rites in common with the Syriac Orthodox Church. Being one of the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, the Syriac Catholic Church has full autonomy and is a self-governed "sui iuris" Church, while in full communion with the Holy See of Rome. Mor Ignatius Joseph III Younan became patriarch in 2009.

text: The

text: Syriac

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: or

text: Syrian

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: suryaio

text: qaolqaio

text: is

text: Christian

text: church

text: in

text: the

text: Levant

text: and

text: wide

text: diaspora

text: using

text: the

text: Syrian

text: Rite

text: which

text: has

text: many

text: practices

text: and

text: rites

text: in

text: common

text: with

text: the

text: Syriac

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: Being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Catholic

text: Churches

text: the

text: Syriac

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: has

text: full

text: autonomy

text: and

text: is

text: self

text: governed

text: sui

text: iuris

text: Church

text: while

text: in

text: full

text: communion

text: with

text: the

text: Holy

text: See

text: of

text: Rome

text: Mor

text: Ignatius

text: Joseph

text: III

text: Younan

text: became

text: patriarch

text: in

text:
Jesus (; c. 4 BC  c. AD 30/33), also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth or Jesus Christ, was a Jewish preacher and religious leader who became the central figure of Christianity. Christians believe him to be the Son of God and the awaited Messiah (Christ) prophesied in the Old Testament.
Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically, although the quest for the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the biblical Jesus reflects the historical Jesus. Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the Baptist and subsequently began his own ministry, preaching his message orally and often being referred to as "rabbi". He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities, and was crucified by the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect. Jesus debated fellow Jews on how to best follow God, performed healings, taught in parables and gathered followers. After his death, his followers believed he rose from the dead, and the community they formed eventually became the Christian Church.

text: Jesus

text: BC

text: AD

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Jesus

text: of

text: Nazareth

text: or

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: was

text: Jewish

text: preacher

text: and

text: religious

text: leader

text: who

text: became

text: the

text: central

text: figure

text: of

text: Christianity

text: Christians

text: believe

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: Son

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: the

text: awaited

text: Messiah

text: Christ

text: prophesied

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: Testament

text: Virtually

text: all

text: modern

text: scholars

text: of

text: antiquity

text: agree

text: that

text: Jesus

text: existed

text: historically

text: although

text: the

text: quest

text: for

text: the

text: historical

text: Jesus

text: has

text: produced

text: little

text: agreement

text: on

text: the

text: historical

text: reliability

text: of

text: the

text: Gospels

text: and

text: on

text: how

text: closely

text: the

text: biblical

text: Jesus

text: reflects

text: the

text: historical

text: Jesus

text: Jesus

text: was

text: Galilean

text: Jew

text: who

text: was

text: baptized

text: by

text: John

text: the

text: Baptist

text: and

text: subsequently

text: began

text: his

text: own

text: ministry

text: preaching

text: his

text: message

text: orally

text: and

text: often

text: being

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: rabbi

text: He

text: was

text: arrested

text: and

text: tried

text: by

text: the

text: Jewish

text: authorities

text: and

text: was

text: crucified

text: by

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: Pontius

text: Pilate

text: the

text: Roman

text: prefect

text: Jesus

text: debated

text: fellow

text: Jews

text: on

text: how

text: to

text: best

text: follow

text: God

text: performed

text: healings

text: taught

text: in

text: parables

text: and

text: gathered

text: followers

text: After

text: his

text: death

text: his

text: followers

text: believed

text: he

text: rose

text: from

text: the

text: dead

text: and

text: the

text: community

text: they

text: formed

text: eventually

text: became

text: the

text: Christian

text: Church

text: The Eastern Catholic Churches, also called the Oriental Catholic Churches and historically known as the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches or Uniate Churches, are 23 Eastern Christian particular churches "sui iuris" in full communion with the Pope in Rome. With about 18 million members, they make up a small part (about 1.5 percent) of the Catholic Church together with the Latin Church (Western Church).

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Catholic

text: Churches

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Catholic

text: Churches

text: and

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Eastern

text: rite

text: Catholic

text: Churches

text: or

text: Uniate

text: Churches

text: are

text: Eastern

text: Christian

text: particular

text: churches

text: sui

text: iuris

text: in

text: full

text: communion

text: with

text: the

text: Pope

text: in

text: Rome

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: members

text: they

text: make

text: up

text: small

text: part

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Latin

text: Church

text: Western

text: Church

text: The Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic "sui iuris" particular church of the Catholic Church in communion with the Pope, with self-governance under the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches by the Patriarch of Antioch, Bechara Boutros al-Rahi since 2011. Officially known as the Syriac Maronite Church of Antioch (Syriac: "o Suryoio Morunoio d'Aniokia") " al-Kansa al-Ankiyya al-Suryniyya al-Mrniyya)", it is part of the Syriac Churches by liturgy and heritage.

text: The

text: Maronite

text: Church

text: is

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Catholic

text: sui

text: iuris

text: particular

text: church

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: in

text: communion

text: with

text: the

text: Pope

text: with

text: self

text: governance

text: under

text: the

text: Code

text: of

text: Canons

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Churches

text: by

text: the

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Antioch

text: Bechara

text: Boutros

text: al

text: Rahi

text: since

text: Officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Syriac

text: Maronite

text: Church

text: of

text: Antioch

text: Syriac

text: Suryoio

text: Morunoio

text: d'Aniokia

text: al

text: Kansa

text: al

text: Ankiyya

text: al

text: Suryniyya

text: al

text: Mrniyya

text: it

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Syriac

text: Churches

text: by

text: liturgy

text: and

text: heritage

text: The Decian persecution resulted from an edict issued in 250 by the Emperor Decius ordering everyone in the Roman Empire to perform a sacrifice to the Roman gods and the well-being of the Emperor. The edict ordered that the sacrifices be performed in the presence of a Roman magistrate, and a signed and witnessed certificate be issued to that effect. It was the first time that Christians had faced legislation forcing them to choose between their religious beliefs and death, although there is no evidence that Decius' edict was specifically intended to target Christians. The edict appears to have been designed more as an Empire-wide loyalty oath. Nevertheless, a number of Christians were put to death for refusing to perform the sacrifices, many others apostatized and performed the ceremonies, and others went into hiding. The effects were long-lasting and caused tension between Christians who had performed the sacrifices or fled and those who had not, and left bitter memories of persecution.

text: The

text: Decian

text: persecution

text: resulted

text: from

text: an

text: edict

text: issued

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Decius

text: ordering

text: everyone

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: to

text: perform

text: sacrifice

text: to

text: the

text: Roman

text: gods

text: and

text: the

text: well

text: being

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: The

text: edict

text: ordered

text: that

text: the

text: sacrifices

text: be

text: performed

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: Roman

text: magistrate

text: and

text: signed

text: and

text: witnessed

text: certificate

text: be

text: issued

text: to

text: that

text: effect

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: that

text: Christians

text: had

text: faced

text: legislation

text: forcing

text: them

text: to

text: choose

text: between

text: their

text: religious

text: beliefs

text: and

text: death

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: evidence

text: that

text: Decius

text: edict

text: was

text: specifically

text: intended

text: to

text: target

text: Christians

text: The

text: edict

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: designed

text: more

text: as

text: an

text: Empire

text: wide

text: loyalty

text: oath

text: Nevertheless

text: number

text: of

text: Christians

text: were

text: put

text: to

text: death

text: for

text: refusing

text: to

text: perform

text: the

text: sacrifices

text: many

text: others

text: apostatized

text: and

text: performed

text: the

text: ceremonies

text: and

text: others

text: went

text: into

text: hiding

text: The

text: effects

text: were

text: long

text: lasting

text: and

text: caused

text: tension

text: between

text: Christians

text: who

text: had

text: performed

text: the

text: sacrifices

text: or

text: fled

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: had

text: not

text: and

text: left

text: bitter

text: memories

text: of

text: persecution

text: The Syriac Orthodox Church, also known as the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch, is an autocephalous Oriental Orthodox church based in the Eastern Mediterranean, with a diaspora spread throughout the world, notably in Sweden, India, Germany and the United Kingdom. It employs some of the oldest surviving liturgy in Christianity, the Liturgy of St James the Apostle, with West Syriac as its official and liturgical language. The church has been led by the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch Ignatius Aphrem II since 2014.

text: The

text: Syriac

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Syrian

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: of

text: Antioch

text: is

text: an

text: autocephalous

text: Oriental

text: Orthodox

text: church

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: with

text: diaspora

text: spread

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: notably

text: in

text: Sweden

text: India

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: employs

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: liturgy

text: in

text: Christianity

text: the

text: Liturgy

text: of

text: St

text: James

text: the

text: Apostle

text: with

text: West

text: Syriac

text: as

text: its

text: official

text: and

text: liturgical

text: language

text: The

text: church

text: has

text: been

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Syriac

text: Orthodox

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Antioch

text: Ignatius

text: Aphrem

text: II

text: since

text: The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second largest Christian church and one of the oldest current religious institutions in the world. The Eastern Orthodox Church teaches that it is the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church established by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission to the apostles. It practices what it understands to be the original Christian faith and maintains the sacred tradition passed down from the apostles.

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: or

text: officially

text: as

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: Christian

text: church

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: current

text: religious

text: institutions

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: teaches

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: One

text: Holy

text: Catholic

text: and

text: Apostolic

text: Church

text: established

text: by

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: in

text: his

text: Great

text: Commission

text: to

text: the

text: apostles

text: It

text: practices

text: what

text: it

text: understands

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: original

text: Christian

text: faith

text: and

text: maintains

text: the

text: sacred

text: tradition

text: passed

text: down

text: from

text: the

text: apostles

text: In Christianity, the Great Commission is the instruction of the resurrected Jesus Christ to his disciples to spread his teachings to all the nations of the world. The most famous version of the Great Commission is in , where on a mountain in Galilee Jesus calls on his followers to baptize all nations in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

text: In

text: Christianity

text: the

text: Great

text: Commission

text: is

text: the

text: instruction

text: of

text: the

text: resurrected

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: to

text: his

text: disciples

text: to

text: spread

text: his

text: teachings

text: to

text: all

text: the

text: nations

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Commission

text: is

text: in

text: where

text: on

text: mountain

text: in

text: Galilee

text: Jesus

text: calls

text: on

text: his

text: followers

text: to

text: baptize

text: all

text: nations

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: Father

text: the

text: Son

text: and

text: the

text: Holy

text: Spirit

text: Saint Babylas ( died 253 ) was a patriarch of Antioch ( 237 -- 253 ) , who died in prison during the Decian persecution . In the Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches of the Byzantine rite his feast day is September 4 , in the Roman Catholic , January 24 . He has the distinction of being the first saint recorded as having had his remains moved or `` translated '' for religious purposes ; a practice that was to become extremely common in later centuries .

text: Saint

text: Babylas

text: died

text: was

text: patriarch

text: of

text: Antioch

text: who

text: died

text: in

text: prison

text: during

text: the

text: Decian

text: persecution

text: In

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Catholic

text: Churches

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: rite

text: his

text: feast

text: day

text: is

text: September

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: January

text: He

text: has

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: being

text: the

text: first

text: saint

text: recorded

text: as

text: having

text: had

text: his

text: remains

text: moved

text: or

text: translated

text: for

text: religious

text: purposes

text: practice

text: that

text: was

text: to

text: become

text: extremely

text: common

text: in

text: later

text: centuries

text: Patriarch of Antioch is a traditional title held by the Bishop of Antioch. As the traditional "overseer" (, "episkopos", from which the word "bishop" is derived) of the first gentile Christian community, the position has been of prime importance in the church from its earliest period. This diocese is one of the few for which the names of its bishops from the apostolic beginnings have been preserved. Today five churches use the title of Patriarch of Antioch: the Syriac Orthodox Church, the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, the Syriac Catholic Church, the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, and the Maronite Church. Historically, there has also been a Latin Patriarch of Antioch.

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Antioch

text: is

text: traditional

text: title

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Antioch

text: As

text: the

text: traditional

text: overseer

text: episkopos

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: word

text: bishop

text: is

text: derived

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: gentile

text: Christian

text: community

text: the

text: position

text: has

text: been

text: of

text: prime

text: importance

text: in

text: the

text: church

text: from

text: its

text: earliest

text: period

text: This

text: diocese

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: its

text: bishops

text: from

text: the

text: apostolic

text: beginnings

text: have

text: been

text: preserved

text: Today

text: five

text: churches

text: use

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Antioch

text: the

text: Syriac

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: the

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: of

text: Antioch

text: the

text: Syriac

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: the

text: Melkite

text: Greek

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: Maronite

text: Church

text: Historically

text: there

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: Latin

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Antioch

text: The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.27 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history of Western civilisation. Headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the pope, its doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments.

text: The

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: Christian

text: church

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: members

text: worldwide

text: As

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: religious

text: institutions

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: it

text: has

text: played

text: prominent

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Western

text: civilisation

text: Headed

text: by

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Rome

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: pope

text: its

text: doctrines

text: are

text: summarised

text: in

text: the

text: Nicene

text: Creed

text: The

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: is

text: notable

text: within

text: Western

text: Christianity

text: for

text: its

text: sacred

text: tradition

text: and

text: seven

text: sacraments

text: The pope (from "pappas", a child's word for "father") is the Bishop of Rome and, therefore, the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. The primacy of the Roman bishop is largely derived from his role as the traditional successor to Saint Peter, to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI.

text: The

text: pope

text: from

text: pappas

text: child

text: 's

text: word

text: for

text: father

text: is

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: worldwide

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: The

text: primacy

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: bishop

text: is

text: largely

text: derived

text: from

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: traditional

text: successor

text: to

text: Saint

text: Peter

text: to

text: whom

text: Jesus

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: have

text: given

text: the

text: keys

text: of

text: Heaven

text: and

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: binding

text: and

text: loosing

text: naming

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: rock

text: upon

text: which

text: the

text: church

text: would

text: be

text: built

text: The

text: current

text: pope

text: is

text: Francis

text: who

text: was

text: elected

text: on

text: March

text: succeeding

text: Benedict

text: XVI

text: Syria, officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (""), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. Syria's capital and largest city is Damascus.

text: Syria

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Syrian

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bordering

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Syria

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Damascus

text: The Melkite (Greek) Catholic Church ("") is an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See as part of the worldwide Catholic Church. The Melkites, Byzantine Rite Catholics of mixed Eastern Mediterranean (Levantine) and Greek origin, trace their history to the early Christians of Antioch, formerly part of Syria and now in Turkey, of the 1st century AD, where Christianity was introduced by Saint Peter. It is headed by "His Beatitude" Patriarch Gregory III Laham.

text: The

text: Melkite

text: Greek

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: is

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: in

text: full

text: communion

text: with

text: the

text: Holy

text: See

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: worldwide

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: The

text: Melkites

text: Byzantine

text: Rite

text: Catholics

text: of

text: mixed

text: Eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: Levantine

text: and

text: Greek

text: origin

text: trace

text: their

text: history

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: Christians

text: of

text: Antioch

text: formerly

text: part

text: of

text: Syria

text: and

text: now

text: in

text: Turkey

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: where

text: Christianity

text: was

text: introduced

text: by

text: Saint

text: Peter

text: It

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: His

text: Beatitude

text: Patriarch

text: Gregory

text: III

text: Laham

text: Trajan Decius (c. 201June 251) was Roman Emperor from 249 to 251. In the last year of his reign, he co-ruled with his son Herennius Etruscus until they were both killed in the Battle of Abritus.

text: Trajan

text: Decius

text: was

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: from

text: to

text: In

text: the

text: last

text: year

text: of

text: his

text: reign

text: he

text: co

text: ruled

text: with

text: his

text: son

text: Herennius

text: Etruscus

text: until

text: they

text: were

text: both

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Abritus

text: Antioch on the Orontes (also Syrian Antioch) was an ancient Greco-Roman city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. Its ruins lie near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey, and lends the modern city its name.

text: Antioch

text: on

text: the

text: Orontes

text: also

text: Syrian

text: Antioch

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Orontes

text: River

text: Its

text: ruins

text: lie

text: near

text: the

text: modern

text: city

text: of

text: Antakya

text: Turkey

text: and

text: lends

text: the

text: modern

text: city

text: its

text: name

text: In Catholic canon law, a particular church is an ecclesiastical community headed by a bishop or someone recognised as the equivalent of a bishop.

text: In

text: Catholic

text: canon

text: law

text: particular

text: church

text: is

text: an

text: ecclesiastical

text: community

text: headed

text: by

text: bishop

text: or

text: someone

text: recognised

text: as

text: the

text: equivalent

text: of

text: bishop

text: The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek:   , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Koine

text: and

text: Medieval

text: Greek

text: tr

text: was

text: the

text: post

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: civilization

text: characterized

text: by

text: government

text: headed

text: by

text: emperors

text: and

text: large

text: territorial

text: holdings

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: BC

text: AD

text: with

text: Constantinople

text: New

text: Rome

text: becoming

text: the

text: largest

text: around

text: AD

text: and

text: the

text: Empire

text: 's

text: populace

text: grew

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: roughly

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: old

text: republic

text: which

text: preceded

text: it

text: was

text: severely

text: destabilized

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: civil

text: wars

text: and

text: political

text: conflict

text: during

text: which

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: appointed

text: as

text: perpetual

text: dictator

text: and

text: then

text: assassinated

text: in

text: BC

text: Civil

text: wars

text: and

text: executions

text: continued

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: victory

text: of

text: Octavian

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: adopted

text: son

text: over

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: and

text: Cleopatra

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Octavian

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: then

text: unassailable

text: and

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Roman

text: Senate

text: formally

text: granted

text: him

text: overarching

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: title

text: Augustus

text: effectively

text: marking

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: The Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, also known as the Antiochian Orthodox Church ("Patriarcheîon Antiocheías" "Bariyarkiyya Ankiya wa-Sir al-Mashriq li'l-Rm al-Urthdhuks"; "Roman Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East"), is an autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Headed by the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, it considers itself the successor to the Christian community founded in Antioch by the Apostles Peter and Paul.

text: The

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: of

text: Antioch

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Antiochian

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: Patriarcheîon

text: Antiocheías

text: Bariyarkiyya

text: Ankiya

text: wa

text: Sir

text: al

text: Mashriq

text: li'l

text: Rm

text: al

text: Urthdhuks

text: Roman

text: Orthodox

text: Patriarchate

text: of

text: Antioch

text: and

text: All

text: the

text: East

text: is

text: an

text: autocephalous

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: within

text: the

text: wider

text: communion

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Christianity

text: Headed

text: by

text: the

text: Greek

text: Orthodox

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Antioch

text: it

text: considers

text: itself

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: Christian

text: community

text: founded

text: in

text: Antioch

text: by

text: the

text: Apostles

text: Peter

text: and

text: Paul

question: place_of_death babylas of antioch

answer: antakya

text: antakya


text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: The Holocene is the geological epoch that began after the Pleistocene at approximately 11,700 years before present. The term "Recent" (usually capitalised) has often been used as an exact synonym of "Holocene", although this usage is discouraged in 21st-century science. The Holocene is part of the Quaternary period. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek words ("holos", whole or entire) and ("kainos", new), meaning "entirely recent". It has been identified with the current warm period, known as MIS 1, and can be considered an interglacial in the current ice age based on that evidence.

text: The

text: Holocene

text: is

text: the

text: geological

text: epoch

text: that

text: began

text: after

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: at

text: approximately

text: years

text: before

text: present

text: The

text: term

text: Recent

text: usually

text: capitalised

text: has

text: often

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: exact

text: synonym

text: of

text: Holocene

text: although

text: this

text: usage

text: is

text: discouraged

text: in

text: century

text: science

text: The

text: Holocene

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Quaternary

text: period

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: words

text: holos

text: whole

text: or

text: entire

text: and

text: kainos

text: new

text: meaning

text: entirely

text: recent

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: identified

text: with

text: the

text: current

text: warm

text: period

text: known

text: as

text: MIS

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: an

text: interglacial

text: in

text: the

text: current

text: ice

text: age

text: based

text: on

text: that

text: evidence

text: Megalotragus was a genus of very large extinct African alcelaphines that occurred from the Pliocene to early Holocene . It resembled modern hartebeests , but differed in larger body size , it includes the largest bovids in the tribe Alcelaphini , reaching a shoulder height of 1.4 m ( 4.6 ft ) . The genus consists of three species of which Megalotragus priscus survived until the early Holocene 7.500 C14yBP .

text: Megalotragus

text: was

text: genus

text: of

text: very

text: large

text: extinct

text: African

text: alcelaphines

text: that

text: occurred

text: from

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: to

text: early

text: Holocene

text: It

text: resembled

text: modern

text: hartebeests

text: but

text: differed

text: in

text: larger

text: body

text: size

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: largest

text: bovids

text: in

text: the

text: tribe

text: Alcelaphini

text: reaching

text: shoulder

text: height

text: of

text: ft

text: The

text: genus

text: consists

text: of

text: three

text: species

text: of

text: which

text: Megalotragus

text: priscus

text: survived

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: Holocene

text: An antelope is a member of a number of even-toed ungulate species indigenous to various regions in Africa and Eurasia. Antelopes comprise a wastebasket taxon (miscellaneous group) within the family Bovidae, encompassing those Old World species that are not cattle, sheep, buffalo, bison, or goats. A group of antelope is called a herd.

text: An

text: antelope

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulate

text: species

text: indigenous

text: to

text: various

text: regions

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: Eurasia

text: Antelopes

text: comprise

text: wastebasket

text: taxon

text: miscellaneous

text: group

text: within

text: the

text: family

text: Bovidae

text: encompassing

text: those

text: Old

text: World

text: species

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: cattle

text: sheep

text: buffalo

text: bison

text: or

text: goats

text: group

text: of

text: antelope

text: is

text: called

text: herd

text: The hartebeest ("Alcelaphus buselaphus"), also known as kongoni, is an African antelope, first described by the German zoologist Peter Simon Pallas in 1766. Eight subspecies have been described, including two sometimes considered to be independent species. A large antelope, the hartebeest stands just over at the shoulder, and has a typical head-and-body length of . The weight ranges from . It has a particularly elongated forehead and oddly shaped horns, short neck, and pointed ears. Its legs, which often have black markings, are unusually long. The coat is generally short and shiny. Coat colour varies by the subspecies, from the sandy brown of the western hartebeest to the chocolate brown of the Swayne's hartebeest. Both sexes of all subspecies have horns, with those of females being more slender. Horns can reach lengths of . Apart from its long face, the large chest and the sharply sloping back differentiate the hartebeest from other antelopes.

text: The

text: hartebeest

text: Alcelaphus

text: buselaphus

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: kongoni

text: is

text: an

text: African

text: antelope

text: first

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: zoologist

text: Peter

text: Simon

text: Pallas

text: in

text: Eight

text: subspecies

text: have

text: been

text: described

text: including

text: two

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: independent

text: species

text: large

text: antelope

text: the

text: hartebeest

text: stands

text: just

text: over

text: at

text: the

text: shoulder

text: and

text: has

text: typical

text: head

text: and

text: body

text: length

text: of

text: The

text: weight

text: ranges

text: from

text: It

text: has

text: particularly

text: elongated

text: forehead

text: and

text: oddly

text: shaped

text: horns

text: short

text: neck

text: and

text: pointed

text: ears

text: Its

text: legs

text: which

text: often

text: have

text: black

text: markings

text: are

text: unusually

text: long

text: The

text: coat

text: is

text: generally

text: short

text: and

text: shiny

text: Coat

text: colour

text: varies

text: by

text: the

text: subspecies

text: from

text: the

text: sandy

text: brown

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: hartebeest

text: to

text: the

text: chocolate

text: brown

text: of

text: the

text: Swayne

text: 's

text: hartebeest

text: Both

text: sexes

text: of

text: all

text: subspecies

text: have

text: horns

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: females

text: being

text: more

text: slender

text: Horns

text: can

text: reach

text: lengths

text: of

text: Apart

text: from

text: its

text: long

text: face

text: the

text: large

text: chest

text: and

text: the

text: sharply

text: sloping

text: back

text: differentiate

text: the

text: hartebeest

text: from

text: other

text: antelopes

text: The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Sir Charles Lyell. Its name comes from the Greek words (', less) and (', new) and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene. The Miocene follows the Oligocene Epoch and is followed by the Pliocene Epoch.

text: The

text: Miocene

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: geological

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: and

text: extends

text: from

text: about

text: Ma

text: The

text: Miocene

text: was

text: named

text: by

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Lyell

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: words

text: less

text: and

text: new

text: and

text: means

text: less

text: recent

text: because

text: it

text: has

text: fewer

text: modern

text: sea

text: invertebrates

text: than

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: The

text: Miocene

text: follows

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: Epoch

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: Epoch

text: Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.

text: Binomial

text: nomenclature

text: also

text: called

text: binominal

text: nomenclature

text: or

text: binary

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: things

text: by

text: giving

text: each

text: name

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: use

text: Latin

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: Such

text: name

text: is

text: called

text: binomial

text: name

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: binomial

text: binomen

text: or

text: scientific

text: name

text: more

text: informally

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Latin

text: name

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: identifies

text: the

text: genus

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: species

text: belongs

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: identifies

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: example

text: humans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Homo

text: and

text: within

text: this

text: genus

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: The

text: formal

text: introduction

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: effectively

text: beginning

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: But

text: Gaspard

text: Bauhin

text: in

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: had

text: introduced

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Pinax

text: theatri

text: botanici

text: English

text: Illustrated

text: exposition

text: of

text: plants

text: many

text: names

text: of

text: genera

text: that

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: The Neogene is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. The Neogene is sub-divided into two epochs, the earlier Miocene and the later Pliocene. Some geologists assert that the Neogene cannot be clearly delineated from the modern geological period, the Quaternary.

text: The

text: Neogene

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: Quaternary

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: Neogene

text: is

text: sub

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: epochs

text: the

text: earlier

text: Miocene

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: Pliocene

text: Some

text: geologists

text: assert

text: that

text: the

text: Neogene

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: clearly

text: delineated

text: from

text: the

text: modern

text: geological

text: period

text: the

text: Quaternary

text: The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP. It is the second and youngest epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch. Prior to the 2009 revision of the geologic time scale, which placed the four most recent major glaciations entirely within the Pleistocene, the Pliocene also included the Gelasian stage, which lasted from 2.588 to 1.806 million years ago, and is now included in the Pleistocene.

text: The

text: Pliocene

text: also

text: Pleiocene

text: Epoch

text: is

text: the

text: epoch

text: in

text: the

text: geologic

text: timescale

text: that

text: extends

text: from

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: BP

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: youngest

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: in

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Pliocene

text: follows

text: the

text: Miocene

text: Epoch

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: Epoch

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: revision

text: of

text: the

text: geologic

text: time

text: scale

text: which

text: placed

text: the

text: four

text: most

text: recent

text: major

text: glaciations

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: Gelasian

text: stage

text: which

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: Quaternary is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). It follows the Neogene Period and spans from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present. The Quaternary Period is divided into two epochs: the Pleistocene (2.588 million years ago to 11.7 thousand years ago) and the Holocene (11.7 thousand years ago to today). The informal term "Late Quaternary" refers to the past 0.51.0 million years.

text: Quaternary

text: is

text: the

text: current

text: and

text: most

text: recent

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: periods

text: of

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: in

text: the

text: geologic

text: time

text: scale

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Commission

text: on

text: Stratigraphy

text: ICS

text: It

text: follows

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: and

text: spans

text: from

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: The

text: Quaternary

text: Period

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: epochs

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: to

text: thousand

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: the

text: Holocene

text: thousand

text: years

text: ago

text: to

text: today

text: The

text: informal

text: term

text: Late

text: Quaternary

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: past

text: million

text: years

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: parent_taxon megalotragus

answer: bovidae

text: bovidae


text: Rain Man is a 1988 American road comedy-drama film directed by Barry Levinson and written by Barry Morrow and Ronald Bass. It tells the story of an abrasive and selfish young wheeler-dealer, Charlie Babbitt (Tom Cruise), who discovers that his estranged father has died and bequeathed all of his multimillion-dollar estate to his other son, Raymond (Dustin Hoffman), an autistic savant, of whose existence Charlie was unaware. Charlie is left with only his father's car and collection of rose bushes. In addition to the two leads, Valeria Golino stars as Charlie's girlfriend, Susanna.

text: Rain

text: Man

text: is

text: American

text: road

text: comedy

text: drama

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Barry

text: Levinson

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Barry

text: Morrow

text: and

text: Ronald

text: Bass

text: It

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: an

text: abrasive

text: and

text: selfish

text: young

text: wheeler

text: dealer

text: Charlie

text: Babbitt

text: Tom

text: Cruise

text: who

text: discovers

text: that

text: his

text: estranged

text: father

text: has

text: died

text: and

text: bequeathed

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: multimillion

text: dollar

text: estate

text: to

text: his

text: other

text: son

text: Raymond

text: Dustin

text: Hoffman

text: an

text: autistic

text: savant

text: of

text: whose

text: existence

text: Charlie

text: was

text: unaware

text: Charlie

text: is

text: left

text: with

text: only

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: car

text: and

text: collection

text: of

text: rose

text: bushes

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: two

text: leads

text: Valeria

text: Golino

text: stars

text: as

text: Charlie

text: 's

text: girlfriend

text: Susanna

text: Ronald Bass (born March 26, 1942), sometimes credited as Ron Bass, is an American screenwriter. Also a film producer, Bass's work is characterized as being highly in demand, and he is thought to be among the most highly paid writers in Hollywood. He is often called the "King of the Pitches". In 1988, he received the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for "Rain Man", and films that Bass is associated with are regularly nominated for multiple motion picture awards.

text: Ronald

text: Bass

text: born

text: March

text: sometimes

text: credited

text: as

text: Ron

text: Bass

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: screenwriter

text: Also

text: film

text: producer

text: Bass

text: 's

text: work

text: is

text: characterized

text: as

text: being

text: highly

text: in

text: demand

text: and

text: he

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: highly

text: paid

text: writers

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: He

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Pitches

text: In

text: he

text: received

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Original

text: Screenplay

text: for

text: Rain

text: Man

text: and

text: films

text: that

text: Bass

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: are

text: regularly

text: nominated

text: for

text: multiple

text: motion

text: picture

text: awards

text: The Academy Awards, or "Oscars", is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements in the United States film industry as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname "Oscar." The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS.

text: The

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: or

text: Oscars

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: American

text: awards

text: ceremony

text: hosted

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: AMPAS

text: to

text: recognize

text: excellence

text: in

text: cinematic

text: achievements

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: film

text: industry

text: as

text: assessed

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: 's

text: voting

text: membership

text: The

text: various

text: category

text: winners

text: are

text: awarded

text: copy

text: of

text: statuette

text: officially

text: called

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: of

text: Merit

text: which

text: has

text: become

text: commonly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: nickname

text: Oscar

text: The

text: awards

text: first

text: presented

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: Roosevelt

text: Hotel

text: are

text: overseen

text: by

text: AMPAS

text: Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (born July 3, 1962), known professionally as Tom Cruise, is an American actor and producer. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards. He started his career at age 19 in the film "Endless Love" (1981). After portraying supporting roles in "Taps" (1981) and "The Outsiders" (1983), his first leading role was in the romantic comedy "Risky Business", released in August 1983. Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring as Pete "Maverick" Mitchell in the action drama "Top Gun" (1986). One of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood, Cruise starred in several more successful films in the 1980s, including the dramas "The Color of Money" (1986), "Cocktail" (1988), "Rain Man" (1988), and "Born on the Fourth of July" (1989).

text: Thomas

text: Cruise

text: Mapother

text: IV

text: born

text: July

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Tom

text: Cruise

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: producer

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: nominated

text: for

text: three

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: and

text: has

text: won

text: three

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Awards

text: He

text: started

text: his

text: career

text: at

text: age

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Endless

text: Love

text: After

text: portraying

text: supporting

text: roles

text: in

text: Taps

text: and

text: The

text: Outsiders

text: his

text: first

text: leading

text: role

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: Risky

text: Business

text: released

text: in

text: August

text: Cruise

text: became

text: full

text: fledged

text: movie

text: star

text: after

text: starring

text: as

text: Pete

text: Maverick

text: Mitchell

text: in

text: the

text: action

text: drama

text: Top

text: Gun

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: movie

text: stars

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: Cruise

text: starred

text: in

text: several

text: more

text: successful

text: films

text: in

text: the

text: including

text: the

text: dramas

text: The

text: Color

text: of

text: Money

text: Cocktail

text: Rain

text: Man

text: and

text: Born

text: on

text: the

text: Fourth

text: of

text: July

text: Barry Levinson (born April 6, 1942) is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and actor. Levinson's best-known works are comedy-drama and drama films such as "Diner" (1982), "The Natural" (1984), "Good Morning, Vietnam" (1987), "Rain Man" (1988), "Bugsy" (1991), and "Wag the Dog" (1997). He won the Academy Award for Best Director for his work on "Rain Man", which also won the Academy Award for Best Picture.

text: Barry

text: Levinson

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: filmmaker

text: screenwriter

text: and

text: actor

text: Levinson

text: 's

text: best

text: known

text: works

text: are

text: comedy

text: drama

text: and

text: drama

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: Diner

text: The

text: Natural

text: Good

text: Morning

text: Vietnam

text: Rain

text: Man

text: Bugsy

text: and

text: Wag

text: the

text: Dog

text: He

text: won

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Director

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: on

text: Rain

text: Man

text: which

text: also

text: won

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Picture

text: Mark Johnson ( born December 27 , 1945 ) is an American film producer . Johnson won the Best Picture Academy Award for producing the 1988 drama movie Rain Man , starring Dustin Hoffman and Tom Cruise . The film , winner of four Oscars , also captured a Golden Globe as Best Picture .

text: Mark

text: Johnson

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: producer

text: Johnson

text: won

text: the

text: Best

text: Picture

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: producing

text: the

text: drama

text: movie

text: Rain

text: Man

text: starring

text: Dustin

text: Hoffman

text: and

text: Tom

text: Cruise

text: The

text: film

text: winner

text: of

text: four

text: Oscars

text: also

text: captured

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: as

text: Best

text: Picture

text: Valeria Golino (born 22 October 1965) is an Italian actress and director. She is best known to English-language audiences for her roles in "Rain Man", "Big Top Pee-wee" and the "Hot Shots!" films. In addition to David di Donatello, Silver Ribbon, Golden Ciak and Italian Golden Globe awards, she is also one of the three actresses who has won the Best Actress award at the Venice Film Festival twice.

text: Valeria

text: Golino

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: Italian

text: actress

text: and

text: director

text: She

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: to

text: English

text: language

text: audiences

text: for

text: her

text: roles

text: in

text: Rain

text: Man

text: Big

text: Top

text: Pee

text: wee

text: and

text: the

text: Hot

text: Shots

text: films

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: David

text: di

text: Donatello

text: Silver

text: Ribbon

text: Golden

text: Ciak

text: and

text: Italian

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: awards

text: she

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: actresses

text: who

text: has

text: won

text: the

text: Best

text: Actress

text: award

text: at

text: the

text: Venice

text: Film

text: Festival

text: twice

question: award_received mark johnson

answer: academy award for best picture

text: academy award for best picture


text: A sphere (from Greek   "sphaira", "globe, ball") is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely round ball, (viz., analogous to a circular object in two dimensions).

text: sphere

text: from

text: Greek

text: sphaira

text: globe

text: ball

text: is

text: perfectly

text: round

text: geometrical

text: object

text: in

text: three

text: dimensional

text: space

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: completely

text: round

text: ball

text: viz

text: analogous

text: to

text: circular

text: object

text: in

text: two

text: dimensions

text: A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position, and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation.

text: geographic

text: coordinate

text: system

text: is

text: coordinate

text: system

text: used

text: in

text: geography

text: that

text: enables

text: every

text: location

text: on

text: Earth

text: to

text: be

text: specified

text: by

text: set

text: of

text: numbers

text: letters

text: or

text: symbols

text: The

text: coordinates

text: are

text: often

text: chosen

text: such

text: that

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: numbers

text: represents

text: vertical

text: position

text: and

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: numbers

text: represent

text: horizontal

text: position

text: common

text: choice

text: of

text: coordinates

text: is

text: latitude

text: longitude

text: and

text: elevation

text:
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process.<ref name="doi10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040012"></ref> It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.
About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is mostly helium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.

text: The

text: Sun

text: is

text: the

text: star

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: It

text: is

text: nearly

text: perfect

text: sphere

text: of

text: hot

text: plasma

text: with

text: internal

text: convective

text: motion

text: that

text: generates

text: magnetic

text: field

text: via

text: dynamo

text: process.<ref

text: It

text: is

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: source

text: of

text: energy

text: for

text: life

text: on

text: Earth

text: Its

text: diameter

text: is

text: about

text: times

text: that

text: of

text: Earth

text: and

text: its

text: mass

text: is

text: about

text: times

text: that

text: of

text: Earth

text: accounting

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: mass

text: of

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: About

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: 's

text: mass

text: consists

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: the

text: rest

text: is

text: mostly

text: helium

text: with

text: much

text: smaller

text: quantities

text: of

text: heavier

text: elements

text: including

text: oxygen

text: carbon

text: neon

text: and

text: iron

text: The Equator usually refers to an imaginary line on the Earth's surface equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole, dividing the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The Equator is about long; some 78.7% lies across water and 21.3% over land.

text: The

text: Equator

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: an

text: imaginary

text: line

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: equidistant

text: from

text: the

text: North

text: Pole

text: and

text: South

text: Pole

text: dividing

text: the

text: Earth

text: into

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: Southern

text: Hemisphere

text: The

text: Equator

text: is

text: about

text: long

text: some

text: lies

text: across

text: water

text: and

text: over

text: land

text: The geoid is the shape that the surface of the oceans would take under the influence of Earth's gravity and rotation alone, in the absence of other influences such as winds and tides. This surface is extended through the continents (such as with very narrow hypothetical canals). All points on the geoid have the same gravity potential energy (the sum of gravitational potential energy and centrifugal potential energy). The force of gravity acts everywhere perpendicular to the geoid, meaning that plumb lines point perpendicular and water levels parallel to the geoid.

text: The

text: geoid

text: is

text: the

text: shape

text: that

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: oceans

text: would

text: take

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: gravity

text: and

text: rotation

text: alone

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: other

text: influences

text: such

text: as

text: winds

text: and

text: tides

text: This

text: surface

text: is

text: extended

text: through

text: the

text: continents

text: such

text: as

text: with

text: very

text: narrow

text: hypothetical

text: canals

text: All

text: points

text: on

text: the

text: geoid

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: gravity

text: potential

text: energy

text: the

text: sum

text: of

text: gravitational

text: potential

text: energy

text: and

text: centrifugal

text: potential

text: energy

text: The

text: force

text: of

text: gravity

text: acts

text: everywhere

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: the

text: geoid

text: meaning

text: that

text: plumb

text: lines

text: point

text: perpendicular

text: and

text: water

text: levels

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: geoid

text: An ellipsoid is a closed quadric surface that is a three-dimensional analogue of an ellipse. The standard equation of an ellipsoid centered at the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system and aligned with the axes is

text: An

text: ellipsoid

text: is

text: closed

text: quadric

text: surface

text: that

text: is

text: three

text: dimensional

text: analogue

text: of

text: an

text: ellipse

text: The

text: standard

text: equation

text: of

text: an

text: ellipsoid

text: centered

text: at

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: Cartesian

text: coordinate

text: system

text: and

text: aligned

text: with

text: the

text: axes

text: is

text: The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. It includes planets, moons, minor planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, and all matter and energy. The size of the entire Universe is unknown.

text: The

text: Universe

text: is

text: all

text: of

text: time

text: and

text: space

text: and

text: its

text: contents

text: It

text: includes

text: planets

text: moons

text: minor

text: planets

text: stars

text: galaxies

text: the

text: contents

text: of

text: intergalactic

text: space

text: and

text: all

text: matter

text: and

text: energy

text: The

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: Universe

text: is

text: unknown

text: North is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. North is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west.

text: North

text: is

text: noun

text: adjective

text: or

text: adverb

text: indicating

text: direction

text: or

text: geography

text: North

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: cardinal

text: directions

text: or

text: compass

text: points

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: opposite

text: of

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: The International Latitude Observatories were a system of ( originally ) six observatories located near the parallel of 39 ° 08 ' north latitude . They were used to measure the variation in latitude that occurs as a result of the `` wobble '' of the Earth on its polar axis . The original six observatories were located in : Gaithersburg , Maryland Cincinnati , Ohio Ukiah , California Mizusawa , Iwate , Japan Charjui , Turkestan Carloforte , Italy

text: The

text: International

text: Latitude

text: Observatories

text: were

text: system

text: of

text: originally

text: six

text: observatories

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: parallel

text: of

text: north

text: latitude

text: They

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: measure

text: the

text: variation

text: in

text: latitude

text: that

text: occurs

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: wobble

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: on

text: its

text: polar

text: axis

text: The

text: original

text: six

text: observatories

text: were

text: located

text: in

text: Gaithersburg

text: Maryland

text: Cincinnati

text: Ohio

text: Ukiah

text: California

text: Mizusawa

text: Iwate

text: Japan

text: Charjui

text: Turkestan

text: Carloforte

text: Italy

text: The Solar System is the gravitationally bound system comprising the Sun and the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly. Of those objects that orbit the Sun directly, the largest eight are the planets, with the remainder being significantly smaller objects, such as dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies. Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly, the moons, two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury.

text: The

text: Solar

text: System

text: is

text: the

text: gravitationally

text: bound

text: system

text: comprising

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: the

text: objects

text: that

text: orbit

text: it

text: either

text: directly

text: or

text: indirectly

text: Of

text: those

text: objects

text: that

text: orbit

text: the

text: Sun

text: directly

text: the

text: largest

text: eight

text: are

text: the

text: planets

text: with

text: the

text: remainder

text: being

text: significantly

text: smaller

text: objects

text: such

text: as

text: dwarf

text: planets

text: and

text: small

text: Solar

text: System

text: bodies

text: Of

text: the

text: objects

text: that

text: orbit

text: the

text: Sun

text: indirectly

text: the

text: moons

text: two

text: are

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: smallest

text: planet

text: Mercury

text: South is a noun, adjective, or adverb indicating direction or geography. It is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points. South is the polar opposite of north and is perpendicular to east and west.

text: South

text: is

text: noun

text: adjective

text: or

text: adverb

text: indicating

text: direction

text: or

text: geography

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: cardinal

text: directions

text: or

text: compass

text: points

text: South

text: is

text: the

text: polar

text: opposite

text: of

text: north

text: and

text: is

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: A terrestrial planet, telluric planet, or rocky planet is a planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun, i.e. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The terms "terrestrial planet" and "telluric planet" are derived from Latin words for Earth ("Terra" and "Tellus"), as these planets are, in terms of composition, "Earth-like".

text: terrestrial

text: planet

text: telluric

text: planet

text: or

text: rocky

text: planet

text: is

text: planet

text: that

text: is

text: composed

text: primarily

text: of

text: silicate

text: rocks

text: or

text: metals

text: Within

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: the

text: terrestrial

text: planets

text: are

text: the

text: inner

text: planets

text: closest

text: to

text: the

text: Sun

text: i.e.

text: Mercury

text: Venus

text: Earth

text: and

text: Mars

text: The

text: terms

text: terrestrial

text: planet

text: and

text: telluric

text: planet

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: Latin

text: words

text: for

text: Earth

text: Terra

text: and

text: Tellus

text: as

text: these

text: planets

text: are

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: composition

text: Earth

text: like

text: Life is a characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased, or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate. Various forms of life exist, such as plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. The criteria can at times be ambiguous and may or may not define viruses, viroids, or potential artificial life as "living". Biology is the primary science concerned with the study of life, although many other sciences are involved.

text: Life

text: is

text: characteristic

text: distinguishing

text: physical

text: entities

text: having

text: biological

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: signaling

text: and

text: self

text: sustaining

text: processes

text: from

text: those

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: either

text: because

text: such

text: functions

text: have

text: ceased

text: or

text: because

text: they

text: never

text: had

text: such

text: functions

text: and

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: inanimate

text: Various

text: forms

text: of

text: life

text: exist

text: such

text: as

text: plants

text: animals

text: fungi

text: protists

text: archaea

text: and

text: bacteria

text: The

text: criteria

text: can

text: at

text: times

text: be

text: ambiguous

text: and

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: define

text: viruses

text: viroids

text: or

text: potential

text: artificial

text: life

text: as

text: living

text: Biology

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: science

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: life

text: although

text: many

text: other

text: sciences

text: are

text: involved

text: Longitude (or , Australian and British also ), is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface. It is an angular measurement, usually expressed in degrees and denoted by the Greek letter lambda (). Meridians (lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole) connect points with the same longitude. By convention, one of these, the Prime Meridian, which passes through the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, England, was allocated the position of zero degrees longitude. The longitude of other places is measured as the angle east or west from the Prime Meridian, ranging from 0° at the Prime Meridian to +180° eastward and 180° westward. Specifically, it is the angle between a plane containing the Prime Meridian and a plane containing the North Pole, South Pole and the location in question. (This forms a right-handed coordinate system with the axis (right hand thumb) pointing from the Earth's center toward the North Pole and the axis (right hand index finger) extending from Earth's center through the equator at the Prime Meridian.)

text: Longitude

text: or

text: Australian

text: and

text: British

text: also

text: is

text: geographic

text: coordinate

text: that

text: specifies

text: the

text: east

text: west

text: position

text: of

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: angular

text: measurement

text: usually

text: expressed

text: in

text: degrees

text: and

text: denoted

text: by

text: the

text: Greek

text: letter

text: lambda

text: Meridians

text: lines

text: running

text: from

text: the

text: North

text: Pole

text: to

text: the

text: South

text: Pole

text: connect

text: points

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: longitude

text: By

text: convention

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: the

text: Prime

text: Meridian

text: which

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: Royal

text: Observatory

text: Greenwich

text: England

text: was

text: allocated

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: zero

text: degrees

text: longitude

text: The

text: longitude

text: of

text: other

text: places

text: is

text: measured

text: as

text: the

text: angle

text: east

text: or

text: west

text: from

text: the

text: Prime

text: Meridian

text: ranging

text: from

text: at

text: the

text: Prime

text: Meridian

text: to

text: eastward

text: and

text: westward

text: Specifically

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: angle

text: between

text: plane

text: containing

text: the

text: Prime

text: Meridian

text: and

text: plane

text: containing

text: the

text: North

text: Pole

text: South

text: Pole

text: and

text: the

text: location

text: in

text: question

text: This

text: forms

text: right

text: handed

text: coordinate

text: system

text: with

text: the

text: axis

text: right

text: hand

text: thumb

text: pointing

text: from

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: center

text: toward

text: the

text: North

text: Pole

text: and

text: the

text: axis

text: right

text: hand

text: index

text: finger

text: extending

text: from

text: Earth

text: 's

text: center

text: through

text: the

text: equator

text: at

text: the

text: Prime

text: Meridian

text: Geography (from Greek , "geographia", literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth. The first person to use the word "" was Eratosthenes (276194 BC). Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of the Earth and its human and natural complexitiesnot merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. It is often defined in terms of the two branches of human geography and physical geography. The four historical traditions in geographical research are: spatial analyses of natural and the human phenomena, area studies of places and regions, studies of human-land relationships, and the Earth sciences. Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical sciences".

text: Geography

text: from

text: Greek

text: geographia

text: literally

text: earth

text: description

text: is

text: field

text: of

text: science

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: lands

text: the

text: features

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: the

text: phenomena

text: of

text: Earth

text: The

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: was

text: Eratosthenes

text: BC

text: Geography

text: is

text: an

text: all

text: encompassing

text: discipline

text: that

text: seeks

text: an

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: and

text: its

text: human

text: and

text: natural

text: complexitiesnot

text: merely

text: where

text: objects

text: are

text: but

text: how

text: they

text: have

text: changed

text: and

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: defined

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: branches

text: of

text: human

text: geography

text: and

text: physical

text: geography

text: The

text: four

text: historical

text: traditions

text: in

text: geographical

text: research

text: are

text: spatial

text: analyses

text: of

text: natural

text: and

text: the

text: human

text: phenomena

text: area

text: studies

text: of

text: places

text: and

text: regions

text: studies

text: of

text: human

text: land

text: relationships

text: and

text: the

text: Earth

text: sciences

text: Geography

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: world

text: discipline

text: and

text: the

text: bridge

text: between

text: the

text: human

text: and

text: the

text: physical

text: sciences

text:
In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the northsouth position of a point on the Earth's surface. Latitude is an angle (defined below) which ranges from 0° at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the poles. Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run eastwest as circles parallel to the equator. Latitude is used together with longitude to specify the precise location of features on the surface of the Earth.
Approximations employed.
Two levels of abstraction are employed in the definition of these coordinates. In the first step the physical surface is modelled by the geoid, a surface which approximates the mean sea level over the oceans and its continuation under the land masses. The second step is to approximate the geoid by a mathematically simpler reference surface. The simplest choice for the reference surface is a sphere, but the geoid is more accurately modelled by an ellipsoid. The definitions of latitude and longitude on such reference surfaces are detailed in the following sections. Lines of constant latitude and longitude together constitute a graticule on the reference surface. The latitude of a point on the "actual" surface is that of the corresponding point on the reference surface, the correspondence being along the normal to the reference surface which passes through the point on the physical surface. Latitude and longitude together with some specification of height constitute a geographic coordinate system as defined in the specification of the ISO 19111 standard.

text: In

text: geography

text: latitude

text: is

text: geographic

text: coordinate

text: that

text: specifies

text: the

text: northsouth

text: position

text: of

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: Latitude

text: is

text: an

text: angle

text: defined

text: below

text: which

text: ranges

text: from

text: at

text: the

text: Equator

text: to

text: North

text: or

text: South

text: at

text: the

text: poles

text: Lines

text: of

text: constant

text: latitude

text: or

text: parallels

text: run

text: eastwest

text: as

text: circles

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: equator

text: Latitude

text: is

text: used

text: together

text: with

text: longitude

text: to

text: specify

text: the

text: precise

text: location

text: of

text: features

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: Approximations

text: employed

text: Two

text: levels

text: of

text: abstraction

text: are

text: employed

text: in

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: these

text: coordinates

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: step

text: the

text: physical

text: surface

text: is

text: modelled

text: by

text: the

text: geoid

text: surface

text: which

text: approximates

text: the

text: mean

text: sea

text: level

text: over

text: the

text: oceans

text: and

text: its

text: continuation

text: under

text: the

text: land

text: masses

text: The

text: second

text: step

text: is

text: to

text: approximate

text: the

text: geoid

text: by

text: mathematically

text: simpler

text: reference

text: surface

text: The

text: simplest

text: choice

text: for

text: the

text: reference

text: surface

text: is

text: sphere

text: but

text: the

text: geoid

text: is

text: more

text: accurately

text: modelled

text: by

text: an

text: ellipsoid

text: The

text: definitions

text: of

text: latitude

text: and

text: longitude

text: on

text: such

text: reference

text: surfaces

text: are

text: detailed

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: sections

text: Lines

text: of

text: constant

text: latitude

text: and

text: longitude

text: together

text: constitute

text: graticule

text: on

text: the

text: reference

text: surface

text: The

text: latitude

text: of

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: actual

text: surface

text: is

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: corresponding

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: reference

text: surface

text: the

text: correspondence

text: being

text: along

text: the

text: normal

text: to

text: the

text: reference

text: surface

text: which

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: physical

text: surface

text: Latitude

text: and

text: longitude

text: together

text: with

text: some

text: specification

text: of

text: height

text: constitute

text: geographic

text: coordinate

text: system

text: as

text: defined

text: in

text: the

text: specification

text: of

text: the

text: ISO

text: standard

text: Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.

text: Earth

text: otherwise

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: planet

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: object

text: in

text: the

text: Universe

text: known

text: to

text: harbor

text: life

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: densest

text: planet

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: terrestrial

text: planets

question: instance_of international latitude observatory

answer: observatory

text: observatory


text: Terra Brasilis ( # 42 US JAZZ Albums 1980 ) is the 11th album by Antônio Carlos Jobim . It was released in 1980 .

text: Terra

text: Brasilis

text: US

text: JAZZ

text: Albums

text: is

text: the

text: album

text: by

text: Antônio

text: Carlos

text: Jobim

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim (January 25, 1927December 8, 1994), also known as Tom Jobim, was a Brazilian composer, pianist, songwriter, arranger and singer. He was a primary force behind the creation of the bossa nova style, and his songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists within Brazil and internationally.

text: Antônio

text: Carlos

text: Brasileiro

text: de

text: Almeida

text: Jobim

text: January

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Tom

text: Jobim

text: was

text: Brazilian

text: composer

text: pianist

text: songwriter

text: arranger

text: and

text: singer

text: He

text: was

text: primary

text: force

text: behind

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: bossa

text: nova

text: style

text: and

text: his

text: songs

text: have

text: been

text: performed

text: by

text: many

text: singers

text: and

text: instrumentalists

text: within

text: Brazil

text: and

text: internationally

text: Bossa nova is a genre of Brazilian music, which developed and was popularized in the 1950s and 1960s and is today one of the best-known Brazilian music genres abroad. The phrase "bossa nova" means literally "new trend". A lyrical fusion of samba and jazz, bossa nova acquired a large following in the 1960s, initially among young musicians and college students.

text: Bossa

text: nova

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: Brazilian

text: music

text: which

text: developed

text: and

text: was

text: popularized

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: and

text: is

text: today

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: Brazilian

text: music

text: genres

text: abroad

text: The

text: phrase

text: bossa

text: nova

text: means

text: literally

text: new

text: trend

text: lyrical

text: fusion

text: of

text: samba

text: and

text: jazz

text: bossa

text: nova

text: acquired

text: large

text: following

text: in

text: the

text: initially

text: among

text: young

text: musicians

text: and

text: college

text: students

annotations: likely multiple

question: genre terra brasilis

answer: bossa nova

text: bossa nova

text: bossa nova

text: bossa nova

text: bossa nova