text: Harald Fairhair (Old Norse: "Haraldr Hárfagri", Norwegian: "Harald Hårfagre", (literally "Harald Hair-fair") ;  850   932) is remembered by medieval historians as the first King of Norway. According to traditions current in Norway and Iceland in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, he reigned from  872 to 930. Most of his life remains uncertain, since the extant accounts of his life in the sagas were set down in writing around three centuries after his lifetime. A few remnants of skaldic praise poems attributed to contemporary court poets exist which seem to refer to Harald's victories against opponents in Norway. The information supplied in these poems is inconsistent with the tales in the sagas in which they are transmitted, and the sagas themselves often disagree on the details of his background and biography. Two of his sons, Eric Bloodaxe and Haakon the Good, succeeded Harald to become kings after his death.

text: Harald

text: Fairhair

text: Old

text: Norse

text: Haraldr

text: Hárfagri

text: Norwegian

text: Harald

text: Hårfagre

text: literally

text: Harald

text: Hair

text: fair

text: is

text: remembered

text: by

text: medieval

text: historians

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: King

text: of

text: Norway

text: According

text: to

text: traditions

text: current

text: in

text: Norway

text: and

text: Iceland

text: in

text: the

text: twelfth

text: and

text: thirteenth

text: centuries

text: he

text: reigned

text: from

text: to

text: Most

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: remains

text: uncertain

text: since

text: the

text: extant

text: accounts

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: sagas

text: were

text: set

text: down

text: in

text: writing

text: around

text: three

text: centuries

text: after

text: his

text: lifetime

text: few

text: remnants

text: of

text: skaldic

text: praise

text: poems

text: attributed

text: to

text: contemporary

text: court

text: poets

text: exist

text: which

text: seem

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: Harald

text: 's

text: victories

text: against

text: opponents

text: in

text: Norway

text: The

text: information

text: supplied

text: in

text: these

text: poems

text: is

text: inconsistent

text: with

text: the

text: tales

text: in

text: the

text: sagas

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: transmitted

text: and

text: the

text: sagas

text: themselves

text: often

text: disagree

text: on

text: the

text: details

text: of

text: his

text: background

text: and

text: biography

text: Two

text: of

text: his

text: sons

text: Eric

text: Bloodaxe

text: and

text: Haakon

text: the

text: Good

text: succeeded

text: Harald

text: to

text: become

text: kings

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: Karmsund is a strait located in Rogaland county, Norway. The long strait divides the island of Karmøy on the west and the mainland of Norway and island of Vestre Bokn in the east. The strait runs through the municipalities of Haugesund, Karmøy, and Bokn. The town of Haugesund lies at the northern end of the strait and the town of Kopervik lies in the central part of the strait, and the village of Skudeneshavn lies near the southern end where the strait flows into the Boknafjorden. The Karmsund Bridge, a part of the European route E134 highway, links Karmøy to the mainland. The bridge was completed in 1955. The small islands of Vibrandsøy, Risøy, and Hasseløy lie in the strait at the northern end, just off shore from the town of Haugesund.

text: Karmsund

text: is

text: strait

text: located

text: in

text: Rogaland

text: county

text: Norway

text: The

text: long

text: strait

text: divides

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Karmøy

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: island

text: of

text: Vestre

text: Bokn

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: strait

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: municipalities

text: of

text: Haugesund

text: Karmøy

text: and

text: Bokn

text: The

text: town

text: of

text: Haugesund

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: northern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: strait

text: and

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Kopervik

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: strait

text: and

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Skudeneshavn

text: lies

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: where

text: the

text: strait

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: Boknafjorden

text: The

text: Karmsund

text: Bridge

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: route

text: highway

text: links

text: Karmøy

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: The

text: bridge

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: The

text: small

text: islands

text: of

text: Vibrandsøy

text: Risøy

text: and

text: Hasseløy

text: lie

text: in

text: the

text: strait

text: at

text: the

text: northern

text: end

text: just

text: off

text: shore

text: from

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Haugesund

text: Petter Steen jr. ( born August 1 , 1962 ) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party and former mayor of Haugesund since 2001 . Steen was educated at Stavanger Teacher College ( 1986 ) after which he worked in the public schools in Sveio until he was elected mayor in 2001 .

text: Petter

text: Steen

text: jr

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: Norwegian

text: politician

text: for

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: and

text: former

text: mayor

text: of

text: Haugesund

text: since

text: Steen

text: was

text: educated

text: at

text: Stavanger

text: Teacher

text: College

text: after

text: which

text: he

text: worked

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: schools

text: in

text: Sveio

text: until

text: he

text: was

text: elected

text: mayor

text: in

text: Avaldsnes is a village in Karmøy municipality in Rogaland county, Norway. The village is located on the northeastern part of the island of Karmøy, along the Karmsundet strait, just south of the town of Haugesund. The village was an ancient centre of power on the west coast of Norway and is the site of one of Norways more important areas of cultural history. The trading port of Notow and the Avaldsnes Church are two notable historic sites in Avaldsnes.

text: Avaldsnes

text: is

text: village

text: in

text: Karmøy

text: municipality

text: in

text: Rogaland

text: county

text: Norway

text: The

text: village

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: northeastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Karmøy

text: along

text: the

text: Karmsundet

text: strait

text: just

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Haugesund

text: The

text: village

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: centre

text: of

text: power

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: one

text: of

text: Norways

text: more

text: important

text: areas

text: of

text: cultural

text: history

text: The

text: trading

text: port

text: of

text: Notow

text: and

text: the

text: Avaldsnes

text: Church

text: are

text: two

text: notable

text: historic

text: sites

text: in

text: Avaldsnes

text: A politician (from "politics" + "-ian", from the Greek title of Aristotle's book  "Politika", meaning "Civic Affairs") is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking office in government. In democratic countries, politicians seek elective positions within a government through elections or, at times, temporary appointment to replace politicians who have died, resigned or have been otherwise removed from office. In non-democratic countries, they employ other means of reaching power through appointment, bribery, revolutions and intrigues. Some politicians are experienced in the art or science of government. Politicians propose, support and create laws or policies that govern the land and, by extension, its people. Broadly speaking, a "politician" can be anyone who seeks to achieve political power in any bureaucratic institution.

text: politician

text: from

text: politics

text: -ian

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: title

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: book

text: Politika

text: meaning

text: Civic

text: Affairs

text: is

text: person

text: active

text: in

text: party

text: politics

text: or

text: person

text: holding

text: or

text: seeking

text: office

text: in

text: government

text: In

text: democratic

text: countries

text: politicians

text: seek

text: elective

text: positions

text: within

text: government

text: through

text: elections

text: or

text: at

text: times

text: temporary

text: appointment

text: to

text: replace

text: politicians

text: who

text: have

text: died

text: resigned

text: or

text: have

text: been

text: otherwise

text: removed

text: from

text: office

text: In

text: non

text: democratic

text: countries

text: they

text: employ

text: other

text: means

text: of

text: reaching

text: power

text: through

text: appointment

text: bribery

text: revolutions

text: and

text: intrigues

text: Some

text: politicians

text: are

text: experienced

text: in

text: the

text: art

text: or

text: science

text: of

text: government

text: Politicians

text: propose

text: support

text: and

text: create

text: laws

text: or

text: policies

text: that

text: govern

text: the

text: land

text: and

text: by

text: extension

text: its

text: people

text: Broadly

text: speaking

text: politician

text: can

text: be

text: anyone

text: who

text: seeks

text: to

text: achieve

text: political

text: power

text: in

text: any

text: bureaucratic

text: institution

text:
Location.
The town is situated on a strategically important sound, the Karmsundet, through which ships could pass without traversing heavy seas. In the early years, the coastal waters off Haugesund were a huge source of herring, and the town grew accordingly. Despite being barely a village back then, King Harald Fairhair lived at Avaldsnes, very close to the modern town of Haugesund. In the last decades, the town, like its neighbours, has been turning towards the petroleum industry, with the herring being long gone.

text: Location

text: The

text: town

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: strategically

text: important

text: sound

text: the

text: Karmsundet

text: through

text: which

text: ships

text: could

text: pass

text: without

text: traversing

text: heavy

text: seas

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: the

text: coastal

text: waters

text: off

text: Haugesund

text: were

text: huge

text: source

text: of

text: herring

text: and

text: the

text: town

text: grew

text: accordingly

text: Despite

text: being

text: barely

text: village

text: back

text: then

text: King

text: Harald

text: Fairhair

text: lived

text: at

text: Avaldsnes

text: very

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: town

text: of

text: Haugesund

text: In

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: the

text: town

text: like

text: its

text: neighbours

text: has

text: been

text: turning

text: towards

text: the

text: petroleum

text: industry

text: with

text: the

text: herring

text: being

text: long

text: gone

text: Politika is a Serbian daily newspaper, published in Belgrade. Founded in 1904 by Vladislav F. Ribnikar, it is the oldest daily newspaper still in circulation in the Balkans and is considered to be Serbia's newspaper of record.

text: Politika

text: is

text: Serbian

text: daily

text: newspaper

text: published

text: in

text: Belgrade

text: Founded

text: in

text: by

text: Vladislav

text: Ribnikar

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: daily

text: newspaper

text: still

text: in

text: circulation

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: Serbia

text: 's

text: newspaper

text: of

text: record

question: country_of_citizenship petter steen jr.

answer: norway

text: norway

text: norway

text: norway

text: norway

text: norway

text: norway

text: norway


text: Panellus is a genus of about 55 species of fungi in the Mycenaceae family .

text: Panellus

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: about

text: species

text: of

text: fungi

text: in

text: the

text: Mycenaceae

text: family

text: The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms (for their distinctive gills) or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 extant families, 413 genera, and over 13000 described species, along with five extinct genera known only from the fossil record. They range from the ubiquitous common mushroom to the deadly destroying angel and the hallucinogenic fly agaric to the bioluminescent jack-o-lantern mushroom.

text: The

text: fungal

text: order

text: Agaricales

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: gilled

text: mushrooms

text: for

text: their

text: distinctive

text: gills

text: or

text: euagarics

text: contains

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: familiar

text: types

text: of

text: mushrooms

text: The

text: order

text: has

text: extant

text: families

text: genera

text: and

text: over

text: described

text: species

text: along

text: with

text: five

text: extinct

text: genera

text: known

text: only

text: from

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: They

text: range

text: from

text: the

text: ubiquitous

text: common

text: mushroom

text: to

text: the

text: deadly

text: destroying

text: angel

text: and

text: the

text: hallucinogenic

text: fly

text: agaric

text: to

text: the

text: bioluminescent

text: jack

text: lantern

text: mushroom

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.

text: Binomial

text: nomenclature

text: also

text: called

text: binominal

text: nomenclature

text: or

text: binary

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: things

text: by

text: giving

text: each

text: name

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: use

text: Latin

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: Such

text: name

text: is

text: called

text: binomial

text: name

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: binomial

text: binomen

text: or

text: scientific

text: name

text: more

text: informally

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Latin

text: name

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: identifies

text: the

text: genus

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: species

text: belongs

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: identifies

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: example

text: humans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Homo

text: and

text: within

text: this

text: genus

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: The

text: formal

text: introduction

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: effectively

text: beginning

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: But

text: Gaspard

text: Bauhin

text: in

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: had

text: introduced

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Pinax

text: theatri

text: botanici

text: English

text: Illustrated

text: exposition

text: of

text: plants

text: many

text: names

text: of

text: genera

text: that

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: The Tricholomataceae are a large family of mushrooms within the Agaricales. A classic "wastebasket taxon", the family is inclusive of any white-, yellow-, or pink-spored genera in the Agaricales not already classified as belonging to the Amanitaceae, Lepiotaceae, Hygrophoraceae, Pluteaceae, or Entolomataceae.

text: The

text: Tricholomataceae

text: are

text: large

text: family

text: of

text: mushrooms

text: within

text: the

text: Agaricales

text: classic

text: wastebasket

text: taxon

text: the

text: family

text: is

text: inclusive

text: of

text: any

text: white-

text: yellow-

text: or

text: pink

text: spored

text: genera

text: in

text: the

text: Agaricales

text: not

text: already

text: classified

text: as

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Amanitaceae

text: Lepiotaceae

text: Hygrophoraceae

text: Pluteaceae

text: or

text: Entolomataceae

text: The Mycenaceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. According to the "Dictionary of the Fungi" (10th edition, 2008), the family contains 10 genera and 705 species. This is one of several families that were separated from the Tricholomataceae as a result of phylogenetic analyses. Taxa in the Mycenaceae are saprobic, have a cosmopolitan distribution, and are found in almost all ecological zones. The family was circumscribed by Caspar van Overeem in 1926.

text: The

text: Mycenaceae

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: fungi

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: Agaricales

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Dictionary

text: of

text: the

text: Fungi

text: edition

text: the

text: family

text: contains

text: genera

text: and

text: species

text: This

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: families

text: that

text: were

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: Tricholomataceae

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: phylogenetic

text: analyses

text: Taxa

text: in

text: the

text: Mycenaceae

text: are

text: saprobic

text: have

text: cosmopolitan

text: distribution

text: and

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: almost

text: all

text: ecological

text: zones

text: The

text: family

text: was

text: circumscribed

text: by

text: Caspar

text: van

text: Overeem

text: in

text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: Mycena is a large genus of small saprotrophic mushrooms that are rarely more than a few centimeters in width. They are characterized by a white spore print, a small conical or bell-shaped cap, and a thin fragile stem. Most are gray or brown, but a few species have brighter colors. Most have a translucent and striate cap, which rarely has an incurved margin. The gills are attached and usually have cystidia. Some species, like "Mycena haematopus", exude a latex when the stem is broken, and many species have a chlorine-like odor.

text: Mycena

text: is

text: large

text: genus

text: of

text: small

text: saprotrophic

text: mushrooms

text: that

text: are

text: rarely

text: more

text: than

text: few

text: centimeters

text: in

text: width

text: They

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: white

text: spore

text: print

text: small

text: conical

text: or

text: bell

text: shaped

text: cap

text: and

text: thin

text: fragile

text: stem

text: Most

text: are

text: gray

text: or

text: brown

text: but

text: few

text: species

text: have

text: brighter

text: colors

text: Most

text: have

text: translucent

text: and

text: striate

text: cap

text: which

text: rarely

text: has

text: an

text: incurved

text: margin

text: The

text: gills

text: are

text: attached

text: and

text: usually

text: have

text: cystidia

text: Some

text: species

text: like

text: Mycena

text: haematopus

text: exude

text: latex

text: when

text: the

text: stem

text: is

text: broken

text: and

text: many

text: species

text: have

text: chlorine

text: like

text: odor

annotations: follows multiple

question: parent_taxon panellus

answer: tricholomataceae

text: tricholomataceae

text: tricholomataceae


text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment of Russia, China, and, historically, the former Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact). They provide unambiguous and easily understood English words in a uniform manner in place of the original designations, which either may have been unknown to the Western world at the time or easily confused codes.

text: NATO

text: reporting

text: names

text: are

text: code

text: names

text: for

text: military

text: equipment

text: of

text: Russia

text: China

text: and

text: historically

text: the

text: former

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: other

text: nations

text: of

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: They

text: provide

text: unambiguous

text: and

text: easily

text: understood

text: English

text: words

text: in

text: uniform

text: manner

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: designations

text: which

text: either

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: unknown

text: to

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: or

text: easily

text: confused

text: codes

text:
Tolyatti, also known in English as Togliatti, is a city in Samara Oblast, Russia. Population: It is the largest city in Russia which does not serve as the administrative center of a federal subject.
Internationally, the city is best known as the home of Russia's largest car manufacturer AvtoVAZ (Lada), which was founded in the late 1960s.

text: Tolyatti

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Togliatti

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: Samara

text: Oblast

text: Russia

text: Population

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Russia

text: which

text: does

text: not

text: serve

text: as

text: the

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: federal

text: subject

text: Internationally

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: Russia

text: 's

text: largest

text: car

text: manufacturer

text: AvtoVAZ

text: Lada

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Samara Oblast is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Samara. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the oblast was 3,215,532.

text: Samara

text: Oblast

text: is

text: federal

text: subject

text: of

text: Russia

text: an

text: oblast

text: Its

text: administrative

text: center

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Samara

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: oblast

text: was

text: Syzran is the third largest city in Samara Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of Saratov Reservoir of the Volga River. Population:

text: Syzran

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Samara

text: Oblast

text: Russia

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: right

text: bank

text: of

text: Saratov

text: Reservoir

text: of

text: the

text: Volga

text: River

text: Population

text: The R-7 was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. The R-7 made 28 launches between 1957 and 1961, but was never deployed operationally. A derivative, the R-7A, was deployed from 1959 to 1968. To the West it was known by the NATO reporting name SS-6 Sapwood and within the Soviet Union by the GRAU index 8K71. In modified form, it launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite, into orbit, and became the basis for the R7 family which includes Sputnik, Luna, Molniya, Vostok, and Voskhod space launchers, as well as later Soyuz variants.

text: The

text: was

text: Soviet

text: missile

text: developed

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: first

text: intercontinental

text: ballistic

text: missile

text: The

text: made

text: launches

text: between

text: and

text: but

text: was

text: never

text: deployed

text: operationally

text: derivative

text: the

text: was

text: deployed

text: from

text: to

text: To

text: the

text: West

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: NATO

text: reporting

text: name

text: Sapwood

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: by

text: the

text: GRAU

text: index

text: In

text: modified

text: form

text: it

text: launched

text: Sputnik

text: the

text: first

text: artificial

text: satellite

text: into

text: orbit

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: family

text: which

text: includes

text: Sputnik

text: Luna

text: Molniya

text: Vostok

text: and

text: Voskhod

text: space

text: launchers

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: later

text: Soyuz

text: variants

text: Russia is not proportionately populated between the smaller western portion (almost 25%) of the country that is considered part of Europe, and the larger eastern portion (more than 75%) that is part of Asia. European Russia contains about 77% of the country's population (110,000,000 people out of about 144,000,000) in an area comprising almost 4 million km (1.54 million mi); an average of 27.5 persons per km (70 per mi). This territory makes up 38% of Europe. Its eastern border is defined by the Ural Mountains and in the south, it is defined by the border with Kazakhstan. This area includes Moscow and Saint Petersburg, the two largest cities in Russia.

text: Russia

text: is

text: not

text: proportionately

text: populated

text: between

text: the

text: smaller

text: western

text: portion

text: almost

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: larger

text: eastern

text: portion

text: more

text: than

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Asia

text: European

text: Russia

text: contains

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: people

text: out

text: of

text: about

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: comprising

text: almost

text: million

text: km

text: million

text: mi

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: persons

text: per

text: km

text: per

text: mi

text: This

text: territory

text: makes

text: up

text: of

text: Europe

text: Its

text: eastern

text: border

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Ural

text: Mountains

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: it

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Kazakhstan

text: This

text: area

text: includes

text: Moscow

text: and

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: the

text: two

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: Russia

text: The Zhiguli Mountains (["Zhigulyovskiye gory"]) or simply Zhiguli, sometimes called The Zhiguli Heights - ë  ["Zhigulyovskaya vozvyshennost"], are a range of wooded mountains located in Russia on the right bank of the Volga River, in the Samara bend. The mountains are an important source of limestone and oil (extracted since the Great Patriotic War (World War II)) and are also popular as a scenic area for local and regional tourism. Their altitude reaches a maximum of c. 1,240 ft (380 m). The range is named for a nearby town Zhigulyovka (no longer extant), itself probably named for an early inhabitant, Zhegul. Formerly, the range was known as the Lada, after the river pirates who used to hide out in its wooded valleys, a name which is still in popular local usage today.

text: The

text: Zhiguli

text: Mountains

text: Zhigulyovskiye

text: gory

text: or

text: simply

text: Zhiguli

text: sometimes

text: called

text: The

text: Zhiguli

text: Heights

text: ë

text: Zhigulyovskaya

text: vozvyshennost

text: are

text: range

text: of

text: wooded

text: mountains

text: located

text: in

text: Russia

text: on

text: the

text: right

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Volga

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: Samara

text: bend

text: The

text: mountains

text: are

text: an

text: important

text: source

text: of

text: limestone

text: and

text: oil

text: extracted

text: since

text: the

text: Great

text: Patriotic

text: War

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: popular

text: as

text: scenic

text: area

text: for

text: local

text: and

text: regional

text: tourism

text: Their

text: altitude

text: reaches

text: maximum

text: of

text: ft

text: The

text: range

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: nearby

text: town

text: Zhigulyovka

text: no

text: longer

text: extant

text: itself

text: probably

text: named

text: for

text: an

text: early

text: inhabitant

text: Zhegul

text: Formerly

text: the

text: range

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Lada

text: after

text: the

text: river

text: pirates

text: who

text: used

text: to

text: hide

text: out

text: in

text: its

text: wooded

text: valleys

text: name

text: which

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: popular

text: local

text: usage

text: today

text: The Samara is a river in Russia that runs into the Volga at the city of Samara.

text: The

text: Samara

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: Russia

text: that

text: runs

text: into

text: the

text: Volga

text: at

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Samara

text: The Soyuz - U launch vehicle ( LV ) is an improved version of the original Soyuz LV . Soyuz - U is part of the R - 7 family of rockets based on the R - 7 Semyorka missile . Members of this rocket family were designed by the TsSKB design bureau and constructed at the Progress Factory in Samara , Russia . ( These two are now a united company , TsSKB - Progress ) . The first Soyuz - U flight took place on 18 May 1973 , carrying as its payload Kosmos 559 , a Zenit military surveillance satellite . The earlier Soyuz 11A511 was the first attempt at creating a standardized R - 7 core in place of the numerous variations that had been used up to 1966 and starting that year , the 11A511 Blok I and strap - on boosters were added to the Voskhod ( 11A57 ) , Vostok - 2 ( 8A92 ) , and Molniya - M ( 8K78M ) vehicles as well as minor R - 7 variants flown once or twice for specialized payloads . Beginning in 1973 , the uprated 11A511U core was introduced for the R - 7 family although adoption across the board was not complete until 1977 when the existing stock of 11A511 - derived boosters was used up . Soyuz - U is still in use today , making several launches a year . Production of R - 7 derived launch vehicles peaked in the late 1970s - early 1980 at 55 - 60 a year . Soyuz - U holds the world record of highest launch rate in a year in 1979 with 47 flights .

text: The

text: Soyuz

text: launch

text: vehicle

text: LV

text: is

text: an

text: improved

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: Soyuz

text: LV

text: Soyuz

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: of

text: rockets

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Semyorka

text: missile

text: Members

text: of

text: this

text: rocket

text: family

text: were

text: designed

text: by

text: the

text: TsSKB

text: design

text: bureau

text: and

text: constructed

text: at

text: the

text: Progress

text: Factory

text: in

text: Samara

text: Russia

text: These

text: two

text: are

text: now

text: united

text: company

text: TsSKB

text: Progress

text: The

text: first

text: Soyuz

text: flight

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: May

text: carrying

text: as

text: its

text: payload

text: Kosmos

text: Zenit

text: military

text: surveillance

text: satellite

text: The

text: earlier

text: Soyuz

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: attempt

text: at

text: creating

text: standardized

text: core

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: numerous

text: variations

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: used

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: starting

text: that

text: year

text: the

text: Blok

text: and

text: strap

text: on

text: boosters

text: were

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: Voskhod

text: Vostok

text: and

text: Molniya

text: vehicles

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: minor

text: variants

text: flown

text: once

text: or

text: twice

text: for

text: specialized

text: payloads

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: uprated

text: core

text: was

text: introduced

text: for

text: the

text: family

text: although

text: adoption

text: across

text: the

text: board

text: was

text: not

text: complete

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: existing

text: stock

text: of

text: derived

text: boosters

text: was

text: used

text: up

text: Soyuz

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: making

text: several

text: launches

text: year

text: Production

text: of

text: derived

text: launch

text: vehicles

text: peaked

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: early

text: at

text: year

text: Soyuz

text: holds

text: the

text: world

text: record

text: of

text: highest

text: launch

text: rate

text: in

text: year

text: in

text: with

text: flights

text: Sputnik 1 ("Satellite-1", or -1 ["PS-1", i.e., , "Prosteyshiy Sputnik-1", "Elementary Satellite 1"]) was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957. It was a diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennae to broadcast radio pulses. It was visible all around the Earth and its radio pulses were detectable. This surprise success precipitated the American Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race, a part of the larger Cold War. The launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments.

text: Sputnik

text: or

text: i.e.

text: Prosteyshiy

text: Elementary

text: Satellite

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: artificial

text: Earth

text: satellite

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: launched

text: it

text: into

text: an

text: elliptical

text: low

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: on

text: October

text: It

text: was

text: diameter

text: polished

text: metal

text: sphere

text: with

text: four

text: external

text: radio

text: antennae

text: to

text: broadcast

text: radio

text: pulses

text: It

text: was

text: visible

text: all

text: around

text: the

text: Earth

text: and

text: its

text: radio

text: pulses

text: were

text: detectable

text: This

text: surprise

text: success

text: precipitated

text: the

text: American

text: Sputnik

text: crisis

text: and

text: triggered

text: the

text: Space

text: Race

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: Cold

text: War

text: The

text: launch

text: ushered

text: in

text: new

text: political

text: military

text: technological

text: and

text: scientific

text: developments

text: Samara, known from 1935 to 1991 as Kuybyshev, is the sixth largest city in Russia and the administrative center of Samara Oblast. It is situated in the southeastern part of European Russia at the confluence of the Volga and Samara Rivers on the east bank of the Volga. The Volga acts as the city's western boundary; across the river are the Zhiguli Mountains, after which the local beer ("Zhigulyovskoye") is named. The northern boundary is formed by the Sokolyi Hills and by the steppes in the south and east. The land within the city boundaries covers . Population: The metropolitan area of Samara-Tolyatti-Syzran within Samara Oblast contains a population of over three million.

text: Samara

text: known

text: from

text: to

text: as

text: Kuybyshev

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: Samara

text: Oblast

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: part

text: of

text: European

text: Russia

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Volga

text: and

text: Samara

text: Rivers

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Volga

text: The

text: Volga

text: acts

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: western

text: boundary

text: across

text: the

text: river

text: are

text: the

text: Zhiguli

text: Mountains

text: after

text: which

text: the

text: local

text: beer

text: Zhigulyovskoye

text: is

text: named

text: The

text: northern

text: boundary

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Sokolyi

text: Hills

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: steppes

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: The

text: land

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: boundaries

text: covers

text: Population

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: Samara

text: Tolyatti

text: Syzran

text: within

text: Samara

text: Oblast

text: contains

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: three

text: million

text: The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period (the second half of the 20th century) between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine (a U.S. policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism) was announced, and 1991, the year the Soviet Union collapsed.

text: The

text: Cold

text: War

text: was

text: state

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: tension

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: between

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: its

text: satellite

text: states

text: and

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Bloc

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: its

text: NATO

text: allies

text: and

text: others

text: Historians

text: do

text: not

text: fully

text: agree

text: on

text: the

text: dates

text: but

text: common

text: timeframe

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: between

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Truman

text: Doctrine

text: U.S.

text: policy

text: pledging

text: to

text: aid

text: nations

text: threatened

text: by

text: Soviet

text: expansionism

text: was

text: announced

text: and

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: collapsed

question: country soyuz-u

answer: soviet union

text: soviet union

text: soviet union

text: soviet union

text: soviet union

text: soviet union


text: A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performer's music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process. The roles of a producer vary. He or she may gather musical ideas for the project, collaborate with the artists to select cover tunes or original songs by the artist/group, work with artists and help them to improve their songs, lyrics or arrangements.

text: record

text: producer

text: or

text: music

text: producer

text: oversees

text: and

text: manages

text: the

text: sound

text: recording

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: band

text: or

text: performer

text: 's

text: music

text: which

text: may

text: range

text: from

text: recording

text: one

text: song

text: to

text: recording

text: lengthy

text: concept

text: album

text: producer

text: has

text: many

text: roles

text: during

text: the

text: recording

text: process

text: The

text: roles

text: of

text: producer

text: vary

text: He

text: or

text: she

text: may

text: gather

text: musical

text: ideas

text: for

text: the

text: project

text: collaborate

text: with

text: the

text: artists

text: to

text: select

text: cover

text: tunes

text: or

text: original

text: songs

text: by

text: the

text: artist

text: group

text: work

text: with

text: artists

text: and

text: help

text: them

text: to

text: improve

text: their

text: songs

text: lyrics

text: or

text: arrangements

text: D'arcy Elizabeth Wretzky-Brown (born May 1, 1968) is an American musician. She is best known for her work as the original bass player of the alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins.

text: D'arcy

text: Elizabeth

text: Wretzky

text: Brown

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: She

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: work

text: as

text: the

text: original

text: bass

text: player

text: of

text: the

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: Blinking with Fists is the debut book of poetry by The Smashing Pumpkins and former Zwan frontman, Billy Corgan. The progress and writing of the poems was covered in Corgan's blogs. The Volume of 57 poems was published by Faber and Faber in 2004 and received mixed reviews. Dwight Garner (critic) of "The New York Times" wrote that "at its best, "Blinking With Fists" is vivid and angular and not much worse than many first books of poems that arrive with heady praise from the poetry world's burghers." "Entertainment Weekly" gave the effort a "D," calling the poems "both pretentious and confoundingly esoteric." The book peaked at #24 on the New York Times Best Seller list.

text: Blinking

text: with

text: Fists

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: book

text: of

text: poetry

text: by

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: and

text: former

text: Zwan

text: frontman

text: Billy

text: Corgan

text: The

text: progress

text: and

text: writing

text: of

text: the

text: poems

text: was

text: covered

text: in

text: Corgan

text: 's

text: blogs

text: The

text: Volume

text: of

text: poems

text: was

text: published

text: by

text: Faber

text: and

text: Faber

text: in

text: and

text: received

text: mixed

text: reviews

text: Dwight

text: Garner

text: critic

text: of

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: wrote

text: that

text: at

text: its

text: best

text: Blinking

text: With

text: Fists

text: is

text: vivid

text: and

text: angular

text: and

text: not

text: much

text: worse

text: than

text: many

text: first

text: books

text: of

text: poems

text: that

text: arrive

text: with

text: heady

text: praise

text: from

text: the

text: poetry

text: world

text: 's

text: burghers

text: Entertainment

text: Weekly

text: gave

text: the

text: effort

text: calling

text: the

text: poems

text: both

text: pretentious

text: and

text: confoundingly

text: esoteric

text: The

text: book

text: peaked

text: at

text: on

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Times

text: Best

text: Seller

text: list

text: Michael William Byrne ( born February 6 , 1990 ) is the former drummer for The Smashing Pumpkins . When Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan called for rehearsals to replace Jimmy Chamberlin , Byrne auditioned and was chosen out of thousands of applicants . He played drums in Sky Saxon tribute band Spirits in the Sky for 6 shows in August 2009 , along with Corgan , Kerry Brown , Kevin Dippold , Mark Tulin , Linda Strawberry , Ysanne Spevack , Mark Weitz , and Dave Navarro , and also performs drums on the ongoing Pumpkins 44 - song project , Teargarden by Kaleidyscope . As a part of Teargarden , Mike contributed drumming duties on Oceania , the Pumpkins ' eighth full - length album . On April 17 , 2010 , Byrne played his first show under the Smashing Pumpkins moniker in celebration of Record Store Day . On June 13 , 2014 , Billy Corgan reported that Mike Byrne has recently left the band

text: Michael

text: William

text: Byrne

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: the

text: former

text: drummer

text: for

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: When

text: Pumpkins

text: frontman

text: Billy

text: Corgan

text: called

text: for

text: rehearsals

text: to

text: replace

text: Jimmy

text: Chamberlin

text: Byrne

text: auditioned

text: and

text: was

text: chosen

text: out

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: applicants

text: He

text: played

text: drums

text: in

text: Sky

text: Saxon

text: tribute

text: band

text: Spirits

text: in

text: the

text: Sky

text: for

text: shows

text: in

text: August

text: along

text: with

text: Corgan

text: Kerry

text: Brown

text: Kevin

text: Dippold

text: Mark

text: Tulin

text: Linda

text: Strawberry

text: Ysanne

text: Spevack

text: Mark

text: Weitz

text: and

text: Dave

text: Navarro

text: and

text: also

text: performs

text: drums

text: on

text: the

text: ongoing

text: Pumpkins

text: song

text: project

text: Teargarden

text: by

text: Kaleidyscope

text: As

text: part

text: of

text: Teargarden

text: Mike

text: contributed

text: drumming

text: duties

text: on

text: Oceania

text: the

text: Pumpkins

text: eighth

text: full

text: length

text: album

text: On

text: April

text: Byrne

text: played

text: his

text: first

text: show

text: under

text: the

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: moniker

text: in

text: celebration

text: of

text: Record

text: Store

text: Day

text: On

text: June

text: Billy

text: Corgan

text: reported

text: that

text: Mike

text: Byrne

text: has

text: recently

text: left

text: the

text: band

text: David Michael "Dave" Navarro (born June 7, 1967) is an American guitarist, singer-songwriter, and actor. He is best known as a founding member of the alternative rock band Jane's Addiction (four studio albums) and as a former member of the Red Hot Chili Peppers (one album). He also released one solo album "Trust No One" (2001). Navarro has also been a member of the Jane's Addiction spin-off bands, Deconstruction and The Panic Channel. Allmusic's Greg Prato described him as "one of alternative rock's first true guitar heroes," with an eclectic playing style that merges heavy metal, psychedelia, and modern rock.

text: David

text: Michael

text: Dave

text: Navarro

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: guitarist

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: actor

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: Jane

text: 's

text: Addiction

text: four

text: studio

text: albums

text: and

text: as

text: former

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Hot

text: Chili

text: Peppers

text: one

text: album

text: He

text: also

text: released

text: one

text: solo

text: album

text: Trust

text: No

text: One

text: Navarro

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Jane

text: 's

text: Addiction

text: spin

text: off

text: bands

text: Deconstruction

text: and

text: The

text: Panic

text: Channel

text: Allmusic

text: 's

text: Greg

text: Prato

text: described

text: him

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: alternative

text: rock

text: 's

text: first

text: true

text: guitar

text: heroes

text: with

text: an

text: eclectic

text: playing

text: style

text: that

text: merges

text: heavy

text: metal

text: psychedelia

text: and

text: modern

text: rock

text: The Electric Prunes are an American psychedelic rock band, formed in Los Angeles, California, in 1965. Much of the band's music was, as music historian Richie Unterberger described it, possessed of "an eerie and sometimes anguished ambiance", and, early on, mainly consisted of material by songwriters Annette Tucker and Nancie Mantz, though the group also penned their own songs. Combining elements of psychedelia and electronic rock, the band's sound was marked by innovative recording techniques with fuzz-toned guitars and oscillating sound effects. In addition, guitarist Ken Williams' and singer James Lowe's concept of "free-form garage music" provided the band with a richer sonic palette and exploratory lyrical structure than many of their contemporaries.

text: The

text: Electric

text: Prunes

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: psychedelic

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: in

text: Much

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: music

text: was

text: as

text: music

text: historian

text: Richie

text: Unterberger

text: described

text: it

text: possessed

text: of

text: an

text: eerie

text: and

text: sometimes

text: anguished

text: ambiance

text: and

text: early

text: on

text: mainly

text: consisted

text: of

text: material

text: by

text: songwriters

text: Annette

text: Tucker

text: and

text: Nancie

text: Mantz

text: though

text: the

text: group

text: also

text: penned

text: their

text: own

text: songs

text: Combining

text: elements

text: of

text: psychedelia

text: and

text: electronic

text: rock

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: sound

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: innovative

text: recording

text: techniques

text: with

text: fuzz

text: toned

text: guitars

text: and

text: oscillating

text: sound

text: effects

text: In

text: addition

text: guitarist

text: Ken

text: Williams

text: and

text: singer

text: James

text: Lowe

text: 's

text: concept

text: of

text: free

text: form

text: garage

text: music

text: provided

text: the

text: band

text: with

text: richer

text: sonic

text: palette

text: and

text: exploratory

text: lyrical

text: structure

text: than

text: many

text: of

text: their

text: contemporaries

text: Mark Shalom Tulin (November 21, 1948  February 26, 2011) was the bassist with The Electric Prunes.

text: Mark

text: Shalom

text: Tulin

text: November

text: February

text: was

text: the

text: bassist

text: with

text: The

text: Electric

text: Prunes

text: Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms".

text: Jazz

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: amongst

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: Since

text: the

text: jazz

text: age

text: jazz

text: has

text: become

text: recognized

text: as

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: musical

text: expression

text: It

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: independent

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: musical

text: styles

text: all

text: linked

text: by

text: the

text: common

text: bonds

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: European

text: American

text: musical

text: parentage

text: with

text: performance

text: orientation

text: Jazz

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: swing

text: and

text: blue

text: notes

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: vocals

text: polyrhythms

text: and

text: improvisation

text: Jazz

text: has

text: roots

text: in

text: West

text: African

text: cultural

text: and

text: musical

text: expression

text: and

text: in

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: traditions

text: including

text: blues

text: and

text: ragtime

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: European

text: military

text: band

text: music

text: Although

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: jazz

text: is

text: deeply

text: rooted

text: within

text: the

text: Black

text: experience

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: different

text: cultures

text: have

text: contributed

text: their

text: own

text: experience

text: and

text: styles

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: form

text: as

text: well

text: Intellectuals

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: have

text: hailed

text: jazz

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: original

text: art

text: forms

text: Frank Catalano is an American jazz saxophonist living in Chicago, Illinois.

text: Frank

text: Catalano

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: saxophonist

text: living

text: in

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: John Michael Stipe (born January 4, 1960) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, film producer, music video director, and visual artist. He is best known as the lead singer of the alternative rock band R.E.M. from their formation in 1980 until their dissolution in 2011.

text: John

text: Michael

text: Stipe

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: musician

text: film

text: producer

text: music

text: video

text: director

text: and

text: visual

text: artist

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: singer

text: of

text: the

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: R.E.M.

text: from

text: their

text: formation

text: in

text: until

text: their

text: dissolution

text: in

text: Sky "Sunlight" Saxon (August 20, 1937  June 25, 2009) was an American rock and roll musician, best known as the leader and singer of the 1960s Los Angeles psychedelic garage rock band The Seeds.

text: Sky

text: Sunlight

text: Saxon

text: August

text: June

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: musician

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: and

text: singer

text: of

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: psychedelic

text: garage

text: rock

text: band

text: The

text: Seeds

text: Asian Dub Foundation are an English electronica band that plays a mix of rapcore, dub, dancehall and ragga, also using rock instruments, acknowledging a punk influence. Their distinctive sound also combines indo-dub basslines, searing sitar-inspired guitars and traditional sounds, shot through with fast-chat conscious lyrics.

text: Asian

text: Dub

text: Foundation

text: are

text: an

text: English

text: electronica

text: band

text: that

text: plays

text: mix

text: of

text: rapcore

text: dub

text: dancehall

text: and

text: ragga

text: also

text: using

text: rock

text: instruments

text: acknowledging

text: punk

text: influence

text: Their

text: distinctive

text: sound

text: also

text: combines

text: indo

text: dub

text: basslines

text: searing

text: sitar

text: inspired

text: guitars

text: and

text: traditional

text: sounds

text: shot

text: through

text: with

text: fast

text: chat

text: conscious

text: lyrics

text: Jeffrey Kim "Jeff" Schroeder (born February 4, 1974, Los Angeles, California, United States) is an American rock musician, who became a guitarist with the alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins (replacing co founder James Iha) in 2007. He is currently finishing his PhD in Comparative Literature at UCLA, where he specializes in Asian American Literature, Francophone Literature, and Critical Theory.

text: Jeffrey

text: Kim

text: Jeff

text: Schroeder

text: born

text: February

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rock

text: musician

text: who

text: became

text: guitarist

text: with

text: the

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: replacing

text: co

text: founder

text: James

text: Iha

text: in

text: He

text: is

text: currently

text: finishing

text: his

text: PhD

text: in

text: Comparative

text: Literature

text: at

text: UCLA

text: where

text: he

text: specializes

text: in

text: Asian

text: American

text: Literature

text: Francophone

text: Literature

text: and

text: Critical

text: Theory

text: William Patrick "Billy" Corgan Jr. (born March 17, 1967) is an American musician, songwriter, producer, poet, executive, and professional wrestling promoter best known as the lead singer, guitarist, and sole permanent member of The Smashing Pumpkins. Formed by Corgan and guitarist James Iha in Chicago, Illinois, in 1988, the band quickly gained steam with the addition of bassist D'arcy Wretzky and drummer Jimmy Chamberlin. Strong album sales and large-scale tours propelled the band's increasing fame in the 1990s until their break-up in 2000. Corgan started a new band called Zwan, and after their quick demise, he released a solo album ("TheFutureEmbrace") and a collection of poetry ("Blinking with Fists") before setting his sights on reforming Smashing Pumpkins.

text: William

text: Patrick

text: Billy

text: Corgan

text: Jr.

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: songwriter

text: producer

text: poet

text: executive

text: and

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: promoter

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: singer

text: guitarist

text: and

text: sole

text: permanent

text: member

text: of

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: Formed

text: by

text: Corgan

text: and

text: guitarist

text: James

text: Iha

text: in

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: in

text: the

text: band

text: quickly

text: gained

text: steam

text: with

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: bassist

text: D'arcy

text: Wretzky

text: and

text: drummer

text: Jimmy

text: Chamberlin

text: Strong

text: album

text: sales

text: and

text: large

text: scale

text: tours

text: propelled

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: increasing

text: fame

text: in

text: the

text: until

text: their

text: break

text: up

text: in

text: Corgan

text: started

text: new

text: band

text: called

text: Zwan

text: and

text: after

text: their

text: quick

text: demise

text: he

text: released

text: solo

text: album

text: TheFutureEmbrace

text: and

text: collection

text: of

text: poetry

text: Blinking

text: with

text: Fists

text: before

text: setting

text: his

text: sights

text: on

text: reforming

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: The Seeds were an iconic and highly influential American rock band. The group, whose repertoire spread between garage rock and acid rock, are considered an influential proto-punk band.

text: The

text: Seeds

text: were

text: an

text: iconic

text: and

text: highly

text: influential

text: American

text: rock

text: band

text: The

text: group

text: whose

text: repertoire

text: spread

text: between

text: garage

text: rock

text: and

text: acid

text: rock

text: are

text: considered

text: an

text: influential

text: proto

text: punk

text: band

text: Strawberry Alarm Clock is a psychedelic rock band formed in 1967 in Los Angeles best known for their 1967 hit single "Incense and Peppermints". Strawberry Alarm Clock, who have been also categorized as acid rock and psychedelic pop, charted five songs including two Top 40 hits.

text: Strawberry

text: Alarm

text: Clock

text: is

text: psychedelic

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: hit

text: single

text: Incense

text: and

text: Peppermints

text: Strawberry

text: Alarm

text: Clock

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: also

text: categorized

text: as

text: acid

text: rock

text: and

text: psychedelic

text: pop

text: charted

text: five

text: songs

text: including

text: two

text: Top

text: hits

text: Mark Weitz (born 1945) is an American musician. A former keyboard player for the 1960s psychedelic rock group Strawberry Alarm Clock, Weitz was the principal composing member of the band.

text: Mark

text: Weitz

text: born

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: former

text: keyboard

text: player

text: for

text: the

text: psychedelic

text: rock

text: group

text: Strawberry

text: Alarm

text: Clock

text: Weitz

text: was

text: the

text: principal

text: composing

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: Red Hot Chili Peppers, also sometimes shortened to "The Chili Peppers" or abbreviated as "RHCP", are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983. The group's musical style primarily consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock and psychedelic rock. When played live, their music incorporates elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of much of their performances. Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, and former touring guitarist Josh Klinghoffer. Red Hot Chili Peppers are one of the best-selling bands of all time with over 80 million records sold worldwide, have been nominated for sixteen Grammy Awards, of which they have won six, and are the most successful band in alternative rock radio history, currently holding the records for most number-one singles (13), most cumulative weeks at number one (85) and most top-ten songs (25) on the Billboard Alternative Songs chart. In 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

text: Red

text: Hot

text: Chili

text: Peppers

text: also

text: sometimes

text: shortened

text: to

text: The

text: Chili

text: Peppers

text: or

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: RHCP

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: funk

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: in

text: The

text: group

text: 's

text: musical

text: style

text: primarily

text: consists

text: of

text: rock

text: with

text: an

text: emphasis

text: on

text: funk

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: elements

text: from

text: other

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: punk

text: rock

text: and

text: psychedelic

text: rock

text: When

text: played

text: live

text: their

text: music

text: incorporates

text: elements

text: of

text: jam

text: band

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: improvised

text: nature

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: their

text: performances

text: Currently

text: the

text: band

text: consists

text: of

text: founding

text: members

text: vocalist

text: Anthony

text: Kiedis

text: and

text: bassist

text: Flea

text: longtime

text: drummer

text: Chad

text: Smith

text: and

text: former

text: touring

text: guitarist

text: Josh

text: Klinghoffer

text: Red

text: Hot

text: Chili

text: Peppers

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: bands

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: records

text: sold

text: worldwide

text: have

text: been

text: nominated

text: for

text: sixteen

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: of

text: which

text: they

text: have

text: won

text: six

text: and

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: band

text: in

text: alternative

text: rock

text: radio

text: history

text: currently

text: holding

text: the

text: records

text: for

text: most

text: number

text: one

text: singles

text: most

text: cumulative

text: weeks

text: at

text: number

text: one

text: and

text: most

text: top

text: ten

text: songs

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Alternative

text: Songs

text: chart

text: In

text: they

text: were

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: Rock

text: and

text: Roll

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide or AMG) is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network.

text: AllMusic

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: All

text: Music

text: Guide

text: or

text: AMG

text: is

text: an

text: online

text: music

text: guide

text: service

text: website

text: It

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: by

text: All

text: Media

text: Guide

text: which

text: later

text: became

text: All

text: Media

text: Network

text: Jane's Addiction is an American rock band from Los Angeles, formed in 1985. The band consists of Perry Farrell (vocals), Dave Navarro (guitar), Stephen Perkins (drums) and Chris Chaney (bass).

text: Jane

text: 's

text: Addiction

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rock

text: band

text: from

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: formed

text: in

text: The

text: band

text: consists

text: of

text: Perry

text: Farrell

text: vocals

text: Dave

text: Navarro

text: guitar

text: Stephen

text: Perkins

text: drums

text: and

text: Chris

text: Chaney

text: bass

text: The Smashing Pumpkins are an American alternative rock band from Chicago, Illinois, formed in 1988. Formed by frontman Billy Corgan (lead vocals, guitar) and James Iha (guitar), the band included D'arcy Wretzky (bass guitar) and Jimmy Chamberlin (drums) in its original incarnation. It has undergone many line-up changes over the course of its existence, with the current lineup being Corgan and rhythm guitarist Jeff Schroeder.

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: from

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: formed

text: in

text: Formed

text: by

text: frontman

text: Billy

text: Corgan

text: lead

text: vocals

text: guitar

text: and

text: James

text: Iha

text: guitar

text: the

text: band

text: included

text: D'arcy

text: Wretzky

text: bass

text: guitar

text: and

text: Jimmy

text: Chamberlin

text: drums

text: in

text: its

text: original

text: incarnation

text: It

text: has

text: undergone

text: many

text: line

text: up

text: changes

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: with

text: the

text: current

text: lineup

text: being

text: Corgan

text: and

text: rhythm

text: guitarist

text: Jeff

text: Schroeder

text: Zwan was an American alternative rock band that was formed by members of The Smashing Pumpkins, Slint, Tortoise, Chavez, and A Perfect Circle. Zwan was started in late 2001 by Billy Corgan, lead singer and guitarist of the Smashing Pumpkins, after the Pumpkins disbanded in December 2000. The band released only one album, entitled "Mary Star of the Sea". The group disbanded acrimoniously after their 2003 world tour.

text: Zwan

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: that

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: Slint

text: Tortoise

text: Chavez

text: and

text: Perfect

text: Circle

text: Zwan

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: late

text: by

text: Billy

text: Corgan

text: lead

text: singer

text: and

text: guitarist

text: of

text: the

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: after

text: the

text: Pumpkins

text: disbanded

text: in

text: December

text: The

text: band

text: released

text: only

text: one

text: album

text: entitled

text: Mary

text: Star

text: of

text: the

text: Sea

text: The

text: group

text: disbanded

text: acrimoniously

text: after

text: their

text: world

text: tour

text: Linda Strawberry is the nom de plume of a Los Angeles artist and musician, best known as Billy Corgan's collaborator and touring member for the TheFutureEmbrace tour.

text: Linda

text: Strawberry

text: is

text: the

text: nom

text: de

text: plume

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: artist

text: and

text: musician

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: Billy

text: Corgan

text: 's

text: collaborator

text: and

text: touring

text: member

text: for

text: the

text: TheFutureEmbrace

text: tour

text: Garage rock (shortened as "garage"; sometimes '60s punk" or "garage punk") is a raw and energetic style of rock and roll that flourished in the mid-1960s, most notably in the United States and Canada. The term derives from the perception that groups were often made up of young amateurs who rehearsed in the family garage, although many were professional. The phrase "garage band" is often used to refer to musical acts in this genre.

text: Garage

text: rock

text: shortened

text: as

text: garage

text: sometimes

text: punk

text: or

text: garage

text: punk

text: is

text: raw

text: and

text: energetic

text: style

text: of

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: that

text: flourished

text: in

text: the

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: The

text: term

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: perception

text: that

text: groups

text: were

text: often

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: young

text: amateurs

text: who

text: rehearsed

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: garage

text: although

text: many

text: were

text: professional

text: The

text: phrase

text: garage

text: band

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: musical

text: acts

text: in

text: this

text: genre

text: Modern rock is an umbrella term describing rock made from the 1980s to present day. Some radio stations use the term to distinguish themselves from classic rock, which tend more towards 1960s-1980s rock music.

text: Modern

text: rock

text: is

text: an

text: umbrella

text: term

text: describing

text: rock

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: present

text: day

text: Some

text: radio

text: stations

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: distinguish

text: themselves

text: from

text: classic

text: rock

text: which

text: tend

text: more

text: towards

text: rock

text: music

text:
Professional wrestling is a dramatized athletic performance inspired by competitive combat sports. Taking the form of live events held by touring promotions, it is a unique style of combat based on a combination of adopted styles, which include classical wrestling, catch wrestling and various forms of martial arts, as well as an innovative style based on grappling (holds/throws), striking, and aerialism. Various forms of weaponry are sometimes used.
The content  including match outcomes  is choreographed and the combative actions and reactions are performed to appear violent without injuring the wrestlers. Before the 1980s, these facts were kept highly secret, after which they were openly declared. By and large, the true nature of the content is ignored by the performing promotion in official media in order to sustain and promote the willing suspension of disbelief for the audience by maintaining an aura of verisimilitude. Fan communications by individual wrestlers and promotions through outside media (i.e., interviews) will often directly acknowledge the fictional nature of the spectacle, making the predetermined nature of the sport something of an open secret. The presentation of scripted events as legitimate is known as "kayfabe".

text: Professional

text: wrestling

text: is

text: dramatized

text: athletic

text: performance

text: inspired

text: by

text: competitive

text: combat

text: sports

text: Taking

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: live

text: events

text: held

text: by

text: touring

text: promotions

text: it

text: is

text: unique

text: style

text: of

text: combat

text: based

text: on

text: combination

text: of

text: adopted

text: styles

text: which

text: include

text: classical

text: wrestling

text: catch

text: wrestling

text: and

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: martial

text: arts

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: innovative

text: style

text: based

text: on

text: grappling

text: holds

text: throws

text: striking

text: and

text: aerialism

text: Various

text: forms

text: of

text: weaponry

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: The

text: content

text: including

text: match

text: outcomes

text: is

text: choreographed

text: and

text: the

text: combative

text: actions

text: and

text: reactions

text: are

text: performed

text: to

text: appear

text: violent

text: without

text: injuring

text: the

text: wrestlers

text: Before

text: the

text: these

text: facts

text: were

text: kept

text: highly

text: secret

text: after

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: openly

text: declared

text: By

text: and

text: large

text: the

text: true

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: content

text: is

text: ignored

text: by

text: the

text: performing

text: promotion

text: in

text: official

text: media

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: sustain

text: and

text: promote

text: the

text: willing

text: suspension

text: of

text: disbelief

text: for

text: the

text: audience

text: by

text: maintaining

text: an

text: aura

text: of

text: verisimilitude

text: Fan

text: communications

text: by

text: individual

text: wrestlers

text: and

text: promotions

text: through

text: outside

text: media

text: i.e.

text: interviews

text: will

text: often

text: directly

text: acknowledge

text: the

text: fictional

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: spectacle

text: making

text: the

text: predetermined

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: sport

text: something

text: of

text: an

text: open

text: secret

text: The

text: presentation

text: of

text: scripted

text: events

text: as

text: legitimate

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: kayfabe

text: Ysanne Spevack (born 24 June 1972) is a British violinist, composer, conductor and arranger best known for her work recordings for the Smashing Pumpkins, Dub Gabriel featuring Michael Stipe, Tiesto, and Asian Dub Foundation. She was born a British citizen, but moved to the United States of America in 2004.

text: Ysanne

text: Spevack

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: British

text: violinist

text: composer

text: conductor

text: and

text: arranger

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: work

text: recordings

text: for

text: the

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: Dub

text: Gabriel

text: featuring

text: Michael

text: Stipe

text: Tiesto

text: and

text: Asian

text: Dub

text: Foundation

text: She

text: was

text: born

text: British

text: citizen

text: but

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: in

text: TheFutureEmbrace is the debut solo album by American musician Billy Corgan, frontman of the alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins. Released in June 2005, the album's sound was markedly different from most of Corgan's earlier work, eschewing his characteristic "drums, bass, (and) big-guitars sound" in favor of an electronic sound punctuated with heavily distorted guitar parts reminiscent of shoegazing.

text: TheFutureEmbrace

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: solo

text: album

text: by

text: American

text: musician

text: Billy

text: Corgan

text: frontman

text: of

text: the

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: Released

text: in

text: June

text: the

text: album

text: 's

text: sound

text: was

text: markedly

text: different

text: from

text: most

text: of

text: Corgan

text: 's

text: earlier

text: work

text: eschewing

text: his

text: characteristic

text: drums

text: bass

text: and

text: big

text: guitars

text: sound

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: an

text: electronic

text: sound

text: punctuated

text: with

text: heavily

text: distorted

text: guitar

text: parts

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: shoegazing

text: The Panic Channel was an alternative rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 2004, following the third break-up of Jane's Addiction. The band consisted of Skycycle member Steve Isaacs (vocals) and Jane's Addiction members, Dave Navarro (guitar), Chris Chaney (bass), and Stephen Perkins (drums, percussion). The band released one studio album, entitled "(ONe)" in 2006, and entered an indefinite hiatus in 2007.

text: The

text: Panic

text: Channel

text: was

text: an

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: third

text: break

text: up

text: of

text: Jane

text: 's

text: Addiction

text: The

text: band

text: consisted

text: of

text: Skycycle

text: member

text: Steve

text: Isaacs

text: vocals

text: and

text: Jane

text: 's

text: Addiction

text: members

text: Dave

text: Navarro

text: guitar

text: Chris

text: Chaney

text: bass

text: and

text: Stephen

text: Perkins

text: drums

text: percussion

text: The

text: band

text: released

text: one

text: studio

text: album

text: entitled

text: ONe

text: in

text: and

text: entered

text: an

text: indefinite

text: hiatus

text: in

text: James Joseph "Jimmy" Chamberlin (born June 10, 1964) is an American drummer and record producer. He is best known as the drummer for the alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins. Following the 2000 breakup of the band, Chamberlin joined Pumpkins frontman Billy Corgan in the supergroup Zwan and also formed his own group, the Jimmy Chamberlin Complex. In 2005, Chamberlin joined Corgan in reforming The Smashing Pumpkins; he eventually left the group in March 2009, though he returned again in 2015 for a summer tour. He performed in the group Skysaw until 2012. He is currently active under the Jimmy Chamberlin Complex name. In addition to his current work as CEO, Chamberlin has joined Chicago jazz saxophonist Frank Catalano for a string of 201315 performances in the Chicago area. An EP by Catalano and Chamberlin "Love Supreme Collective - EP" was released on the 29th of July 2014.

text: James

text: Joseph

text: Jimmy

text: Chamberlin

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: drummer

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: drummer

text: for

text: the

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: Following

text: the

text: breakup

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: Chamberlin

text: joined

text: Pumpkins

text: frontman

text: Billy

text: Corgan

text: in

text: the

text: supergroup

text: Zwan

text: and

text: also

text: formed

text: his

text: own

text: group

text: the

text: Jimmy

text: Chamberlin

text: Complex

text: In

text: Chamberlin

text: joined

text: Corgan

text: in

text: reforming

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: he

text: eventually

text: left

text: the

text: group

text: in

text: March

text: though

text: he

text: returned

text: again

text: in

text: for

text: summer

text: tour

text: He

text: performed

text: in

text: the

text: group

text: Skysaw

text: until

text: He

text: is

text: currently

text: active

text: under

text: the

text: Jimmy

text: Chamberlin

text: Complex

text: name

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: his

text: current

text: work

text: as

text: CEO

text: Chamberlin

text: has

text: joined

text: Chicago

text: jazz

text: saxophonist

text: Frank

text: Catalano

text: for

text: string

text: of

text: performances

text: in

text: the

text: Chicago

text: area

text: An

text: EP

text: by

text: Catalano

text: and

text: Chamberlin

text: Love

text: Supreme

text: Collective

text: EP

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: the

text: of

text: July

text: The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar). It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb and/or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand. The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.

text: The

text: guitar

text: is

text: musical

text: instrument

text: classified

text: as

text: string

text: instrument

text: with

text: anywhere

text: from

text: four

text: to

text: strings

text: usually

text: having

text: six

text: The

text: sound

text: is

text: projected

text: either

text: acoustically

text: using

text: hollow

text: wooden

text: or

text: plastic

text: and

text: wood

text: box

text: for

text: an

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: or

text: through

text: electrical

text: amplifier

text: and

text: speaker

text: for

text: an

text: electric

text: guitar

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: played

text: by

text: strumming

text: or

text: plucking

text: the

text: strings

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: thumb

text: and/or

text: fingernails

text: of

text: the

text: right

text: hand

text: or

text: with

text: pick

text: while

text: fretting

text: or

text: pressing

text: against

text: the

text: frets

text: the

text: strings

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: hand

text: The

text: guitar

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: chordophone

text: traditionally

text: constructed

text: from

text: wood

text: and

text: strung

text: with

text: either

text: gut

text: nylon

text: or

text: steel

text: strings

text: and

text: distinguished

text: from

text: other

text: chordophones

text: by

text: its

text: construction

text: and

text: tuning

text: The

text: modern

text: guitar

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: gittern

text: the

text: vihuela

text: the

text: four

text: course

text: Renaissance

text: guitar

text: and

text: the

text: five

text: course

text: baroque

text: guitar

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: six

text: string

text: instrument

text: Teargarden by Kaleidyscope is an ongoing studio album cycle by the alternative rock band The Smashing Pumpkins that was started in late 2009 by frontman Billy Corgan following the departure of original drummer Jimmy Chamberlin. The project was conceived as a 44-song concept album loosely inspired by the Tarot, with each song being released individually as a free download.

text: Teargarden

text: by

text: Kaleidyscope

text: is

text: an

text: ongoing

text: studio

text: album

text: cycle

text: by

text: the

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: The

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: that

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: late

text: by

text: frontman

text: Billy

text: Corgan

text: following

text: the

text: departure

text: of

text: original

text: drummer

text: Jimmy

text: Chamberlin

text: The

text: project

text: was

text: conceived

text: as

text: concept

text: album

text: loosely

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: Tarot

text: with

text: each

text: song

text: being

text: released

text: individually

text: as

text: free

text: download

annotations: follows single

question: occupation mike byrne

answer: musician

text: musician

text: musician

text: musician

text: musician

text: musician

text: musician

text: musician

text: musician