text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: The Cambrian Period (or ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 55.6 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 541 million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Ordovician Period mya. Its subdivisions, and its base, are somewhat in flux. The period was established (as Cambrian series) by Adam Sedgwick, who named it after Cambria, the Latinised form of "Cymru", the Welsh name for Wales, where Britain's Cambrian rocks are best exposed. The Cambrian is unique in its unusually high proportion of lagerstätte sedimentary deposits, sites of exceptional preservation where "soft" parts of organisms are preserved as well as their more resistant shells. As a result, our understanding of the Cambrian biology surpasses that of some later periods.

text: The

text: Cambrian

text: Period

text: or

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: geological

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: of

text: the

text: Phanerozoic

text: Eon

text: The

text: Cambrian

text: lasted

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: preceding

text: Ediacaran

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Ordovician

text: Period

text: mya

text: Its

text: subdivisions

text: and

text: its

text: base

text: are

text: somewhat

text: in

text: flux

text: The

text: period

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: Cambrian

text: series

text: by

text: Adam

text: Sedgwick

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: after

text: Cambria

text: the

text: Latinised

text: form

text: of

text: Cymru

text: the

text: Welsh

text: name

text: for

text: Wales

text: where

text: Britain

text: 's

text: Cambrian

text: rocks

text: are

text: best

text: exposed

text: The

text: Cambrian

text: is

text: unique

text: in

text: its

text: unusually

text: high

text: proportion

text: of

text: lagerstätte

text: sedimentary

text: deposits

text: sites

text: of

text: exceptional

text: preservation

text: where

text: soft

text: parts

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: preserved

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: their

text: more

text: resistant

text: shells

text: As

text: result

text: our

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: biology

text: surpasses

text: that

text: of

text: some

text: later

text: periods

text: Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes that can be distinguished from legless lizards by their lack of eyelids and external ears. Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws. To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung. Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca.

text: Snakes

text: are

text: elongated

text: legless

text: carnivorous

text: reptiles

text: of

text: the

text: suborder

text: Serpentes

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: legless

text: lizards

text: by

text: their

text: lack

text: of

text: eyelids

text: and

text: external

text: ears

text: Like

text: all

text: squamates

text: snakes

text: are

text: ectothermic

text: amniote

text: vertebrates

text: covered

text: in

text: overlapping

text: scales

text: Many

text: species

text: of

text: snakes

text: have

text: skulls

text: with

text: several

text: more

text: joints

text: than

text: their

text: lizard

text: ancestors

text: enabling

text: them

text: to

text: swallow

text: prey

text: much

text: larger

text: than

text: their

text: heads

text: with

text: their

text: highly

text: mobile

text: jaws

text: To

text: accommodate

text: their

text: narrow

text: bodies

text: snakes

text: paired

text: organs

text: such

text: as

text: kidneys

text: appear

text: one

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: instead

text: of

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: and

text: most

text: have

text: only

text: one

text: functional

text: lung

text: Some

text: species

text: retain

text: pelvic

text: girdle

text: with

text: pair

text: of

text: vestigial

text: claws

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: cloaca

text: Adelospondyli is an order of elongate, presumably aquatic, Carboniferous amphibians. The skull is solidly roofed, and elongate, with the orbits located very far forward. The limbs are well developed. Most adelospondyls belong to the family Adelogyrinidae, although the adelospondyl "Acherontiscus" has been placed in its own family, Acherontiscidae. The group is restricted to the Mississippian (Serpukhovian Age) of Scotland.

text: Adelospondyli

text: is

text: an

text: order

text: of

text: elongate

text: presumably

text: aquatic

text: Carboniferous

text: amphibians

text: The

text: skull

text: is

text: solidly

text: roofed

text: and

text: elongate

text: with

text: the

text: orbits

text: located

text: very

text: far

text: forward

text: The

text: limbs

text: are

text: well

text: developed

text: Most

text: adelospondyls

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: family

text: Adelogyrinidae

text: although

text: the

text: adelospondyl

text: Acherontiscus

text: has

text: been

text: placed

text: in

text: its

text: own

text: family

text: Acherontiscidae

text: The

text: group

text: is

text: restricted

text: to

text: the

text: Mississippian

text: Serpukhovian

text: Age

text: of

text: Scotland

text: The Turkish Straits are a series of internationally-significant waterways in northwestern Turkey that connect the Aegean and Mediterranean seas to the Black Sea.

text: The

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: are

text: series

text: of

text: internationally

text: significant

text: waterways

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Turkey

text: that

text: connect

text: the

text: Aegean

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: seas

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era (from the Greek "palaios" (), "old" and "zoe" (), "life", meaning "ancient life") is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic, from . It is the longest of the Phanerozoic eras, and is subdivided into six geologic periods (from oldest to youngest): the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. The Paleozoic comes after the Neoproterozoic era of the Proterozoic and is followed by the Mesozoic.

text: The

text: Paleozoic

text: or

text: Palaeozoic

text: Era

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: palaios

text: old

text: and

text: zoe

text: life

text: meaning

text: ancient

text: life

text: is

text: the

text: earliest

text: of

text: three

text: geologic

text: eras

text: of

text: the

text: Phanerozoic

text: from

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: of

text: the

text: Phanerozoic

text: eras

text: and

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: six

text: geologic

text: periods

text: from

text: oldest

text: to

text: youngest

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: Ordovician

text: Silurian

text: Devonian

text: Carboniferous

text: and

text: Permian

text: The

text: Paleozoic

text: comes

text: after

text: the

text: Neoproterozoic

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: Proterozoic

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Mesozoic

text:
Microsauria ("small lizards") is an extinct order of lepospondyl amphibians from the late Carboniferous and early Permian periods. It is the most diverse and species-rich group of lepospondyls. Recently, Microsauria has been considered paraphyletic, as several other non-microsaur lepospondyl groups such as Lysorophia seem to be nested in it. Microsauria is now commonly used as a collective term for the grade of lepospondyls that were originally classified as members of Microsauria.
The microsaurs all had short tails and small legs, but were otherwise quite varied in form. The group included lizard-like animals that were relatively well-adapted to living on dry land, burrowing forms, and others that, like the modern axolotl, retained their gills into adult life, and so presumably never left the water.

text: Microsauria

text: small

text: lizards

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: order

text: of

text: lepospondyl

text: amphibians

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: Carboniferous

text: and

text: early

text: Permian

text: periods

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: diverse

text: and

text: species

text: rich

text: group

text: of

text: lepospondyls

text: Recently

text: Microsauria

text: has

text: been

text: considered

text: paraphyletic

text: as

text: several

text: other

text: non

text: microsaur

text: lepospondyl

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: Lysorophia

text: seem

text: to

text: be

text: nested

text: in

text: it

text: Microsauria

text: is

text: now

text: commonly

text: used

text: as

text: collective

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: grade

text: of

text: lepospondyls

text: that

text: were

text: originally

text: classified

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: Microsauria

text: The

text: microsaurs

text: all

text: had

text: short

text: tails

text: and

text: small

text: legs

text: but

text: were

text: otherwise

text: quite

text: varied

text: in

text: form

text: The

text: group

text: included

text: lizard

text: like

text: animals

text: that

text: were

text: relatively

text: well

text: adapted

text: to

text: living

text: on

text: dry

text: land

text: burrowing

text: forms

text: and

text: others

text: that

text: like

text: the

text: modern

text: axolotl

text: retained

text: their

text: gills

text: into

text: adult

text: life

text: and

text: so

text: presumably

text: never

text: left

text: the

text: water

text: A newt is a salamander in the subfamily Pleurodelinae, also called eft during its terrestrial juvenile phase. Unlike other members of the family Salamandridae, newts are semiaquatic, alternating between aquatic and terrestrial habitats over the year, sometimes even staying in the water full-time. Not all aquatic salamanders are considered newts, however. The more than 100 known species of newts are found in North America, Europe, North Africa and Asia. Newts metamorphose through three distinct developmental life stages: aquatic larva, terrestrial juvenile (eft), and adult. Adult newts have lizard-like bodies and return to the water every year to breed, otherwise living in humid, cover-rich land habitats.

text: newt

text: is

text: salamander

text: in

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Pleurodelinae

text: also

text: called

text: eft

text: during

text: its

text: terrestrial

text: juvenile

text: phase

text: Unlike

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Salamandridae

text: newts

text: are

text: semiaquatic

text: alternating

text: between

text: aquatic

text: and

text: terrestrial

text: habitats

text: over

text: the

text: year

text: sometimes

text: even

text: staying

text: in

text: the

text: water

text: full

text: time

text: Not

text: all

text: aquatic

text: salamanders

text: are

text: considered

text: newts

text: however

text: The

text: more

text: than

text: known

text: species

text: of

text: newts

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: Europe

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: Newts

text: metamorphose

text: through

text: three

text: distinct

text: developmental

text: life

text: stages

text: aquatic

text: larva

text: terrestrial

text: juvenile

text: eft

text: and

text: adult

text: Adult

text: newts

text: have

text: lizard

text: like

text: bodies

text: and

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: water

text: every

text: year

text: to

text: breed

text: otherwise

text: living

text: in

text: humid

text: cover

text: rich

text: land

text: habitats

text: Diplocaulus (meaning "double caul") is an extinct genus of lepospondyl amphibians from the Permian period of North America. It is one of the largest lepospondyls, with a distinctive boomerang-shaped skull. Remains attributed to "Diplocaulus" have been found from the Late Permian of Morocco and represent the youngest known occurrence of a lepospondyl.

text: Diplocaulus

text: meaning

text: double

text: caul

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: genus

text: of

text: lepospondyl

text: amphibians

text: from

text: the

text: Permian

text: period

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: lepospondyls

text: with

text: distinctive

text: boomerang

text: shaped

text: skull

text: Remains

text: attributed

text: to

text: Diplocaulus

text: have

text: been

text: found

text: from

text: the

text: Late

text: Permian

text: of

text: Morocco

text: and

text: represent

text: the

text: youngest

text: known

text: occurrence

text: of

text: lepospondyl

text: Lepospondyli is a diverse group of Paleozoic tetrapods ( four - limbed vertebrates ) . With the exception of one late - surviving lepospondyl from the Late Permian of Morocco ( Diplocaulus minumus ) , the group lived from the Early Carboniferous ( Mississippian ) to the Early Permian and was geographically restricted to what is now Europe and North America . Five major groups of lepospondyls are known : Adelospondyli ; Aïstopoda ; Lysorophia ; Microsauria ; and Nectridea . Lepospondyls have a diverse range of body forms and include species with newt - like , eel - or snake - like , and lizard - like forms . Various species were aquatic , semiaquatic , or terrestrial . None were large ( the biggest genus , the diplocaulid Diplocaulus , reached a meter in length , but most were much smaller ) , and they are assumed to have lived in specialized ecological niches not taken by the more numerous temnospondyl amphibians that coexisted with them in the Paleozoic . Lepospondyli was named in 1888 by Karl Alfred von Zittel , who coined the name to include some tetrapods from the Paleozoic , that shared some specific characteristics in the notochord and teeth .

text: Lepospondyli

text: is

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: Paleozoic

text: tetrapods

text: four

text: limbed

text: vertebrates

text: With

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: one

text: late

text: surviving

text: lepospondyl

text: from

text: the

text: Late

text: Permian

text: of

text: Morocco

text: Diplocaulus

text: minumus

text: the

text: group

text: lived

text: from

text: the

text: Early

text: Carboniferous

text: Mississippian

text: to

text: the

text: Early

text: Permian

text: and

text: was

text: geographically

text: restricted

text: to

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Europe

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: Five

text: major

text: groups

text: of

text: lepospondyls

text: are

text: known

text: Adelospondyli

text: Aïstopoda

text: Lysorophia

text: Microsauria

text: and

text: Nectridea

text: Lepospondyls

text: have

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: body

text: forms

text: and

text: include

text: species

text: with

text: newt

text: like

text: eel

text: or

text: snake

text: like

text: and

text: lizard

text: like

text: forms

text: Various

text: species

text: were

text: aquatic

text: semiaquatic

text: or

text: terrestrial

text: were

text: large

text: the

text: biggest

text: genus

text: the

text: diplocaulid

text: Diplocaulus

text: reached

text: meter

text: in

text: length

text: but

text: most

text: were

text: much

text: smaller

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: assumed

text: to

text: have

text: lived

text: in

text: specialized

text: ecological

text: niches

text: not

text: taken

text: by

text: the

text: more

text: numerous

text: temnospondyl

text: amphibians

text: that

text: coexisted

text: with

text: them

text: in

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Lepospondyli

text: was

text: named

text: in

text: by

text: Karl

text: Alfred

text: von

text: Zittel

text: who

text: coined

text: the

text: name

text: to

text: include

text: some

text: tetrapods

text: from

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: that

text: shared

text: some

text: specific

text: characteristics

text: in

text: the

text: notochord

text: and

text: teeth

text: Acherontiscus is an extinct genus of lepospondyl amphibian that lived during the Carboniferous. The type and only species is "Acherontiscus caledoniae", named by paleontologist Robert Carroll in 1969.

text: Acherontiscus

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: genus

text: of

text: lepospondyl

text: amphibian

text: that

text: lived

text: during

text: the

text: Carboniferous

text: The

text: type

text: and

text: only

text: species

text: is

text: Acherontiscus

text: caledoniae

text: named

text: by

text: paleontologist

text: Robert

text: Carroll

text: in

text: The superclass Tetrapoda (Ancient Greek s tetrapods, "four-footed"), or the tetrapods , comprises the first four-limbed vertebrates and their descendants, including the living and extinct amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles and some ancient, exclusively aquatic creatures such as the Acanthostega. Tetrapods evolved from the lobe-finned fishes around 390 million years ago in the middle Devonian Period, with modern tetrapod groups having appeared by the late Devonian, 367.5 million years ago. The specific aquatic ancestors of the tetrapods, and the process by which land colonization occurred, remain unclear, and are areas of active research and debate among palaeontologists at present.

text: The

text: superclass

text: Tetrapoda

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: tetrapods

text: four

text: footed

text: or

text: the

text: tetrapods

text: comprises

text: the

text: first

text: four

text: limbed

text: vertebrates

text: and

text: their

text: descendants

text: including

text: the

text: living

text: and

text: extinct

text: amphibians

text: birds

text: mammals

text: reptiles

text: and

text: some

text: ancient

text: exclusively

text: aquatic

text: creatures

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Acanthostega

text: Tetrapods

text: evolved

text: from

text: the

text: lobe

text: finned

text: fishes

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: Devonian

text: Period

text: with

text: modern

text: tetrapod

text: groups

text: having

text: appeared

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: Devonian

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: specific

text: aquatic

text: ancestors

text: of

text: the

text: tetrapods

text: and

text: the

text: process

text: by

text: which

text: land

text: colonization

text: occurred

text: remain

text: unclear

text: and

text: are

text: areas

text: of

text: active

text: research

text: and

text: debate

text: among

text: palaeontologists

text: at

text: present

text: In animal anatomy, the notochord is a flexible rod made out of a material similar to cartilage. If a species has a notochord, it is, by definition, a chordate. The notochord lies along the anteroposterior ("head to tail") axis, is usually closer to the dorsal than the ventral surface of the animal, and is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm. The notochord has been observed to have many functions including developmental functions. The most commonly cited functions are as a site of muscle attachment, vertebral precursor, and as a midline tissue that provides signals to the surrounding tissue during development.

text: In

text: animal

text: anatomy

text: the

text: notochord

text: is

text: flexible

text: rod

text: made

text: out

text: of

text: material

text: similar

text: to

text: cartilage

text: If

text: species

text: has

text: notochord

text: it

text: is

text: by

text: definition

text: chordate

text: The

text: notochord

text: lies

text: along

text: the

text: anteroposterior

text: head

text: to

text: tail

text: axis

text: is

text: usually

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: dorsal

text: than

text: the

text: ventral

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: animal

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: cells

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: mesoderm

text: The

text: notochord

text: has

text: been

text: observed

text: to

text: have

text: many

text: functions

text: including

text: developmental

text: functions

text: The

text: most

text: commonly

text: cited

text: functions

text: are

text: as

text: site

text: of

text: muscle

text: attachment

text: vertebral

text: precursor

text: and

text: as

text: midline

text: tissue

text: that

text: provides

text: signals

text: to

text: the

text: surrounding

text: tissue

text: during

text: development

text: The axolotl (from ] ) also known as a Mexican salamander ("Ambystoma mexicanum") or a Mexican walking fish, is a neotenic salamander, closely related to the tiger salamander. Although the axolotl is colloquially known as a "walking fish", it is not a fish, but an amphibian. The species originates from numerous lakes, such as Lake Xochimilco underlying Mexico City. Axolotls are unusual among amphibians in that they reach adulthood without undergoing metamorphosis. Instead of developing lungs and taking to land, the adults remain aquatic and gilled.

text: The

text: axolotl

text: from

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Mexican

text: salamander

text: Ambystoma

text: mexicanum

text: or

text: Mexican

text: walking

text: fish

text: is

text: neotenic

text: salamander

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: tiger

text: salamander

text: Although

text: the

text: axolotl

text: is

text: colloquially

text: known

text: as

text: walking

text: fish

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: fish

text: but

text: an

text: amphibian

text: The

text: species

text: originates

text: from

text: numerous

text: lakes

text: such

text: as

text: Lake

text: Xochimilco

text: underlying

text: Mexico

text: City

text: Axolotls

text: are

text: unusual

text: among

text: amphibians

text: in

text: that

text: they

text: reach

text: adulthood

text: without

text: undergoing

text: metamorphosis

text: Instead

text: of

text: developing

text: lungs

text: and

text: taking

text: to

text: land

text: the

text: adults

text: remain

text: aquatic

text: and

text: gilled

text: Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by a lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults. All present-day salamander families are grouped together under the scientific name Urodela. Salamander diversity is most abundant in the Northern Hemisphere and most species are found in the Holarctic ecozone, with some species present in the Neotropical zone.

text: Salamanders

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: amphibians

text: typically

text: characterized

text: by

text: lizard

text: like

text: appearance

text: with

text: slender

text: bodies

text: blunt

text: snouts

text: short

text: limbs

text: projecting

text: at

text: right

text: angles

text: to

text: the

text: body

text: and

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: tail

text: in

text: both

text: larvae

text: and

text: adults

text: All

text: present

text: day

text: salamander

text: families

text: are

text: grouped

text: together

text: under

text: the

text: scientific

text: name

text: Urodela

text: Salamander

text: diversity

text: is

text: most

text: abundant

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: most

text: species

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Holarctic

text: ecozone

text: with

text: some

text: species

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: Neotropical

text: zone

text: The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.2 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya. The Ordovician, named after the Celtic tribe of the Ordovices, was defined by Charles Lapworth in 1879 to resolve a dispute between followers of Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison, who were placing the same rock beds in northern Wales into the Cambrian and Silurian periods, respectively. Lapworth, recognized that the fossil fauna in the disputed strata were different from those of either the Cambrian or the Silurian periods, and placed them in a period of their own. It received international sanction in 1960, when it was adopted as an official period of the Paleozoic Era by the International Geological Congress.

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: six

text: periods

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Silurian

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Celtic

text: tribe

text: of

text: the

text: Ordovices

text: was

text: defined

text: by

text: Charles

text: Lapworth

text: in

text: to

text: resolve

text: dispute

text: between

text: followers

text: of

text: Adam

text: Sedgwick

text: and

text: Roderick

text: Murchison

text: who

text: were

text: placing

text: the

text: same

text: rock

text: beds

text: in

text: northern

text: Wales

text: into

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: and

text: Silurian

text: periods

text: respectively

text: Lapworth

text: recognized

text: that

text: the

text: fossil

text: fauna

text: in

text: the

text: disputed

text: strata

text: were

text: different

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: either

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: or

text: the

text: Silurian

text: periods

text: and

text: placed

text: them

text: in

text: period

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: It

text: received

text: international

text: sanction

text: in

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: adopted

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Geological

text: Congress

text: Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia. Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia. They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this. The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs. Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin. They are superficially similar to lizards but, along with mammals and birds, reptiles are amniotes and do not require water bodies in which to breed. With their complex reproductive needs and permeable skins, amphibians are often ecological indicators; in recent decades there has been a dramatic decline in amphibian populations for many species around the globe.

text: Amphibians

text: are

text: ectothermic

text: tetrapod

text: vertebrates

text: of

text: the

text: class

text: Amphibia

text: Modern

text: amphibians

text: are

text: all

text: Lissamphibia

text: They

text: inhabit

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: habitats

text: with

text: most

text: species

text: living

text: within

text: terrestrial

text: fossorial

text: arboreal

text: or

text: freshwater

text: aquatic

text: ecosystems

text: Thus

text: amphibians

text: typically

text: start

text: out

text: as

text: larvae

text: living

text: in

text: water

text: but

text: some

text: species

text: have

text: developed

text: behavioural

text: adaptations

text: to

text: bypass

text: this

text: The

text: young

text: generally

text: undergo

text: metamorphosis

text: from

text: larva

text: with

text: gills

text: to

text: an

text: adult

text: air

text: breathing

text: form

text: with

text: lungs

text: Amphibians

text: use

text: their

text: skin

text: as

text: secondary

text: respiratory

text: surface

text: and

text: some

text: small

text: terrestrial

text: salamanders

text: and

text: frogs

text: lack

text: lungs

text: and

text: rely

text: entirely

text: on

text: their

text: skin

text: They

text: are

text: superficially

text: similar

text: to

text: lizards

text: but

text: along

text: with

text: mammals

text: and

text: birds

text: reptiles

text: are

text: amniotes

text: and

text: do

text: not

text: require

text: water

text: bodies

text: in

text: which

text: to

text: breed

text: With

text: their

text: complex

text: reproductive

text: needs

text: and

text: permeable

text: skins

text: amphibians

text: are

text: often

text: ecological

text: indicators

text: in

text: recent

text: decades

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: dramatic

text: decline

text: in

text: amphibian

text: populations

text: for

text: many

text: species

text: around

text: the

text: globe

text: Nectridea is the name of an extinct order of lepospondyl tetrapods from the Carboniferous and Permian periods, including animals such as "Diplocaulus". In appearance, they would have resembled modern newts or aquatic salamanders, although they are not amphibians. They had long, flattened tails to aid in swimming, and well-developed hind limbs, with a full set of five toes each. Their forelimbs were somewhat reduced, however, and like modern amphibians, typically had only four toes each.

text: Nectridea

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: an

text: extinct

text: order

text: of

text: lepospondyl

text: tetrapods

text: from

text: the

text: Carboniferous

text: and

text: Permian

text: periods

text: including

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: Diplocaulus

text: In

text: appearance

text: they

text: would

text: have

text: resembled

text: modern

text: newts

text: or

text: aquatic

text: salamanders

text: although

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: amphibians

text: They

text: had

text: long

text: flattened

text: tails

text: to

text: aid

text: in

text: swimming

text: and

text: well

text: developed

text: hind

text: limbs

text: with

text: full

text: set

text: of

text: five

text: toes

text: each

text: Their

text: forelimbs

text: were

text: somewhat

text: reduced

text: however

text: and

text: like

text: modern

text: amphibians

text: typically

text: had

text: only

text: four

text: toes

text: each

text: Eurasia is the combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia. The term is a portmanteau of its constituent continents. Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and by Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean to the south. The division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical and cultural construct, with no clear physical separation between them; thus, in some parts of the world, Eurasia is recognized as the largest of five or six continents. In geology, Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock. However, the rigidity of Eurasia is debated based on the paleomagnet data.

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: the

text: combined

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: continents

text: Located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Hemispheres

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: by

text: Africa

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: division

text: between

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: as

text: two

text: different

text: continents

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: construct

text: with

text: no

text: clear

text: physical

text: separation

text: between

text: them

text: thus

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: five

text: or

text: six

text: continents

text: In

text: geology

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: as

text: single

text: rigid

text: megablock

text: However

text: the

text: rigidity

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: debated

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: paleomagnet

text: data

text: Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art, the criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.

text: Art

text: is

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: human

text: activities

text: in

text: creating

text: visual

text: auditory

text: or

text: performing

text: artifacts

text: artworks

text: expressing

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: imaginative

text: or

text: technical

text: skill

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: appreciated

text: for

text: their

text: beauty

text: or

text: emotional

text: power

text: In

text: their

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: these

text: activities

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: art

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: dissemination

text: of

text: art

text: A chordate is any animal belonging to the phylum Chordata, possessing a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail for at least some period of its life cycle. The Chordata, together with sister clade Ambulacraria, form the deuterostomes as in the embryo development stage the anus forms before the mouth.

text: chordate

text: is

text: any

text: animal

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: phylum

text: Chordata

text: possessing

text: notochord

text: hollow

text: dorsal

text: nerve

text: cord

text: pharyngeal

text: slits

text: an

text: endostyle

text: and

text: post

text: anal

text: tail

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: some

text: period

text: of

text: its

text: life

text: cycle

text: The

text: Chordata

text: together

text: with

text: sister

text: clade

text: Ambulacraria

text: form

text: the

text: deuterostomes

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: embryo

text: development

text: stage

text: the

text: anus

text: forms

text: before

text: the

text: mouth

text: Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). The animal kingdom emerged as a basal clade within Apoikozoa as a sister of the choanoflagellates. Sponges are the most basal clade of animals. Animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently at some point in their lives. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later in their lives. All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance.

text: Animals

text: are

text: multicellular

text: eukaryotic

text: organisms

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Animalia

text: also

text: called

text: Metazoa

text: The

text: animal

text: kingdom

text: emerged

text: as

text: basal

text: clade

text: within

text: Apoikozoa

text: as

text: sister

text: of

text: the

text: choanoflagellates

text: Sponges

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: basal

text: clade

text: of

text: animals

text: Animals

text: are

text: motile

text: meaning

text: they

text: can

text: move

text: spontaneously

text: and

text: independently

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: their

text: lives

text: Their

text: body

text: plan

text: eventually

text: becomes

text: fixed

text: as

text: they

text: develop

text: although

text: some

text: undergo

text: process

text: of

text: metamorphosis

text: later

text: in

text: their

text: lives

text: All

text: animals

text: are

text: heterotrophs

text: they

text: must

text: ingest

text: other

text: organisms

text: or

text: their

text: products

text: for

text: sustenance

text: The Silurian is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by several million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a major Ordovician-Silurian extinction event when 60% of marine species were wiped out.

text: The

text: Silurian

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: spanning

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Ordovician

text: Period

text: at

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Devonian

text: Period

text: Mya

text: As

text: with

text: other

text: geologic

text: periods

text: the

text: rock

text: beds

text: that

text: define

text: the

text: period

text: 's

text: start

text: and

text: end

text: are

text: well

text: identified

text: but

text: the

text: exact

text: dates

text: are

text: uncertain

text: by

text: several

text: million

text: years

text: The

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: Silurian

text: is

text: set

text: at

text: major

text: Ordovician

text: Silurian

text: extinction

text: event

text: when

text: of

text: marine

text: species

text: were

text: wiped

text: out

text: Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is inherently tied to embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated over immediate (embryology) and long (evolution) timescales. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.

text: Anatomy

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: biology

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: organisms

text: and

text: their

text: parts

text: Anatomy

text: is

text: inherently

text: tied

text: to

text: embryology

text: comparative

text: anatomy

text: evolutionary

text: biology

text: and

text: phylogeny

text: as

text: these

text: are

text: the

text: processes

text: by

text: which

text: anatomy

text: is

text: generated

text: over

text: immediate

text: embryology

text: and

text: long

text: evolution

text: timescales

text: Human

text: anatomy

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: basic

text: essential

text: sciences

text: of

text: medicine

text: Morocco (', lit. "The West"; '), officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco (', lit. "The Western Kingdom"; '), is a sovereign country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Geographically, Morocco is characterized by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert, and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.

text: Morocco

text: lit

text: The

text: West

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Morocco

text: lit

text: The

text: Western

text: Kingdom

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: Geographically

text: Morocco

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: rugged

text: mountainous

text: interior

text: large

text: tracts

text: of

text: desert

text: and

text: lengthy

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Lysorophia is an order of aquatic Carboniferous and Permian amphibians within the extinct subclass Lepospondyli. Lysorophians resembled small snakes, as their bodies are extremely elongate. There is a single family, the Cocytinidae (previously known as Lysorophidae). Currently there are around five genera included within Lysorophia.

text: Lysorophia

text: is

text: an

text: order

text: of

text: aquatic

text: Carboniferous

text: and

text: Permian

text: amphibians

text: within

text: the

text: extinct

text: subclass

text: Lepospondyli

text: Lysorophians

text: resembled

text: small

text: snakes

text: as

text: their

text: bodies

text: are

text: extremely

text: elongate

text: There

text: is

text: single

text: family

text: the

text: Cocytinidae

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: Lysorophidae

text: Currently

text: there

text: are

text: around

text: five

text: genera

text: included

text: within

text: Lysorophia

annotations: likely single

question: taxon_rank lepospondyli

answer: subclass

text: subclass


text: Chippenham is an historic market town in Wiltshire, England, east of Bath and west of London. In the 2011 census, the Chippenham community area's population was recorded at 45,337, and the built up area of Chippenham had a population of 35,800

text: Chippenham

text: is

text: an

text: historic

text: market

text: town

text: in

text: Wiltshire

text: England

text: east

text: of

text: Bath

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: London

text: In

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: Chippenham

text: community

text: area

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: recorded

text: at

text: and

text: the

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: of

text: Chippenham

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: Market town or market right is a legal term, originating in the Middle Ages, for a European settlement that has the right to host markets, distinguishing it from a village and city. A town may be correctly described as a "market town" or as having "market rights", even if it no longer holds a market, provided the legal right to do so still exists.

text: Market

text: town

text: or

text: market

text: right

text: is

text: legal

text: term

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: for

text: European

text: settlement

text: that

text: has

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: host

text: markets

text: distinguishing

text: it

text: from

text: village

text: and

text: city

text: town

text: may

text: be

text: correctly

text: described

text: as

text: market

text: town

text: or

text: as

text: having

text: market

text: rights

text: even

text: if

text: it

text: no

text: longer

text: holds

text: market

text: provided

text: the

text: legal

text: right

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: still

text: exists

text:
Surrey County Council is the county council administering major local services in the non-metropolitan county of Surrey in England. The council is composed of 81 elected Councillors, the majority of whom are members of the Conservative party.
The leader of the council is David Hodge.

text: Surrey

text: County

text: Council

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: council

text: administering

text: major

text: local

text: services

text: in

text: the

text: non

text: metropolitan

text: county

text: of

text: Surrey

text: in

text: England

text: The

text: council

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: elected

text: Councillors

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Conservative

text: party

text: The

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: council

text: is

text: David

text: Hodge

text: Somerset is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west. It is bounded to the north and west by the Severn Estuary and the Bristol Channel, its coastline facing southeastern Wales. Its traditional border with Gloucestershire is the River Avon. Somerset's county town is Taunton.

text: Somerset

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: which

text: borders

text: Gloucestershire

text: and

text: Bristol

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Wiltshire

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Dorset

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: Devon

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Severn

text: Estuary

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: its

text: coastline

text: facing

text: southeastern

text: Wales

text: Its

text: traditional

text: border

text: with

text: Gloucestershire

text: is

text: the

text: River

text: Avon

text: Somerset

text: 's

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Taunton

text: Joseph Neeld ( 1789 -- 1856 ) was Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom for the rotten borough of Gatton , Surrey in 1830 and for Chippenham , Wiltshire , England from 1830 to 1856 .

text: Joseph

text: Neeld

text: was

text: Member

text: of

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: for

text: the

text: rotten

text: borough

text: of

text: Gatton

text: Surrey

text: in

text: and

text: for

text: Chippenham

text: Wiltshire

text: England

text: from

text: to

text: Gloucestershire (; abbreviated Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.

text: Gloucestershire

text: abbreviated

text: Glos

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: The

text: county

text: comprises

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Cotswold

text: Hills

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: flat

text: fertile

text: valley

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: and

text: the

text: entire

text: Forest

text: of

text: Dean

text: Trowbridge is the county town of Wiltshire, England on the River Biss in the west of the county, south east of Bath, Somerset, from which it is separated by the Mendip Hills which rise to the west.

text: Trowbridge

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Wiltshire

text: England

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Biss

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Bath

text: Somerset

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: separated

text: by

text: the

text: Mendip

text: Hills

text: which

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Surrey is a county in the south east of England and also one of the home counties bordering Greater London. Surrey shares borders with Kent to the east, East Sussex to the south-east, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west and south-west and Berkshire to the north-west. The county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames, administered as part of Greater London since 1965. With a resident population of 1.1 million, Surrey is the most densely populated and third most populated county in the South East region, after Kent and Hampshire.

text: Surrey

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: counties

text: bordering

text: Greater

text: London

text: Surrey

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: Kent

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: East

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: West

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Hampshire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: Berkshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Guildford

text: Surrey

text: County

text: Council

text: sits

text: extraterritorially

text: at

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: administered

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: since

text: With

text: resident

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Surrey

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: and

text: third

text: most

text: populated

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: region

text: after

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hampshire

text: Wiltshire (or ) is a county in South West England with an area of . It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. The county town was Wilton but Wiltshire Council is now based in the new county town of Trowbridge.

text: Wiltshire

text: or

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: landlocked

text: and

text: borders

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Dorset

text: Somerset

text: Hampshire

text: Gloucestershire

text: Oxfordshire

text: and

text: Berkshire

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: was

text: Wilton

text: but

text: Wiltshire

text: Council

text: is

text: now

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Trowbridge

annotations: follows single

question: member_of_political_party joseph neeld

answer: conservative party

text: conservative party


text: Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.

text: Brazil

text: officially

text: the

text: Federative

text: Republic

text: of

text: Brazil

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: both

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: As

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fifth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: Portuguese

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: Brazil

text: has

text: coastline

text: of

text: It

text: borders

text: all

text: other

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: except

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Chile

text: and

text: covers

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: land

text: area

text: Its

text: Amazon

text: River

text: basin

text: includes

text: vast

text: tropical

text: forest

text: home

text: to

text: diverse

text: wildlife

text: variety

text: of

text: ecological

text: systems

text: and

text: extensive

text: natural

text: resources

text: spanning

text: numerous

text: protected

text: habitats

text: This

text: unique

text: environmental

text: heritage

text: makes

text: Brazil

text: one

text: of

text: megadiverse

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: significant

text: global

text: interest

text: and

text: debate

text: regarding

text: deforestation

text: and

text: environmental

text: protection

text: Cayenne is the capital city of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. The city stands on a former island at the mouth of the Cayenne River on the Atlantic coast. The city's motto is "fert aurum industria" which means "work brings wealth".

text: Cayenne

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: French

text: Guiana

text: an

text: overseas

text: region

text: and

text: department

text: of

text: France

text: located

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: The

text: city

text: stands

text: on

text: former

text: island

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Cayenne

text: River

text: on

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: motto

text: is

text: fert

text: aurum

text: industria

text: which

text: means

text: work

text: brings

text: wealth

text: French Guiana (pronounced or ), officially called Guiana, is an overseas department and region of France, located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas. It borders Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km, with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, its capital. By land area, it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union.

text: French

text: Guiana

text: pronounced

text: or

text: officially

text: called

text: Guiana

text: is

text: an

text: overseas

text: department

text: and

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: in

text: the

text: Guyanas

text: It

text: borders

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: Suriname

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Its

text: area

text: has

text: very

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: only

text: inhabitants

text: per

text: km

text: with

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: Cayenne

text: its

text: capital

text: By

text: land

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: outermost

text: region

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Guyana (pronounced or ), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a sovereign state on the northern mainland of South America. It is, however, included in the Caribbean Region due to its strong cultural, historical, and political ties with the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Suriname to the east and Venezuela to the west. With , Guyana is the fourth-smallest country on mainland South America after Uruguay, Suriname and French Guiana.

text: Guyana

text: pronounced

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Co

text: operative

text: Republic

text: of

text: Guyana

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: mainland

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: however

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Region

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: strong

text: cultural

text: historical

text: and

text: political

text: ties

text: with

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Community

text: CARICOM

text: Guyana

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southwest

text: Suriname

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Venezuela

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: With

text: Guyana

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: smallest

text: country

text: on

text: mainland

text: South

text: America

text: after

text: Uruguay

text: Suriname

text: and

text: French

text: Guiana

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.

text: The

text: euro

text: sign

text: code

text: EUR

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: currency

text: of

text: the

text: eurozone

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Austria

text: Belgium

text: Cyprus

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: France

text: Germany

text: Greece

text: Ireland

text: Italy

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: Luxembourg

text: Malta

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Portugal

text: Slovakia

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Spain

text: The

text: currency

text: is

text: also

text: officially

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: four

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: unilaterally

text: by

text: two

text: others

text: and

text: is

text: consequently

text: used

text: daily

text: by

text: some

text: million

text: Europeans

text: Outside

text: of

text: Europe

text: number

text: of

text: overseas

text: territories

text: of

text: EU

text: members

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: their

text: currency

text: Bellevue de l'Inini , also known as Mont Bellevue , Montagne Bellevue , and Montagne Bellevue de l'Inini , is the highest point of French Guiana , an overseas department of France , with an elevation of 851 metres ( 2,792 ft ) .

text: Bellevue

text: de

text: l'Inini

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Mont

text: Bellevue

text: Montagne

text: Bellevue

text: and

text: Montagne

text: Bellevue

text: de

text: l'Inini

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: of

text: French

text: Guiana

text: an

text: overseas

text: department

text: of

text: France

text: with

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: metres

text: ft

text: The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: pronounced

text: is

text: sea

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: almost

text: completely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: identified

text: as

text: separate

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).

text: South

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: hemisphere

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: with

text: relatively

text: small

text: portion

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: model

text: used

text: in

text: nations

text: that

text: speak

text: Romance

text: languages

text: The

text: reference

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: instead

text: of

text: other

text: regions

text: like

text: Latin

text: America

text: or

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: has

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: due

text: to

text: changing

text: geopolitical

text: dynamics

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Brazil

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Suriname (or , also spelled Surinam), officially known as the Republic of Suriname, is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west and Brazil to the south. At just under , it is the smallest country in South America. Suriname has a population of approximately 566,000, most of whom live on the country's north coast, in and around the capital and largest city, Paramaribo.

text: Suriname

text: or

text: also

text: spelled

text: Surinam

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Suriname

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: northeastern

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: French

text: Guiana

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Guyana

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: At

text: just

text: under

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: Suriname

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: live

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: north

text: coast

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Paramaribo

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Metropolitan France (or "la Métropole"), also known as European France, is the part of France in Europe. It comprises mainland France and nearby islands in the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, and the Mediterranean Sea, including Corsica. Overseas France ("la France d'outre-mer") is the collective name for the part of France outside Europe: French overseas regions ("départements et régions d'outre-mer" or "DROM"), territories ("territoires d'outre-mer" or "TOM"), collectivities ("collectivités d'outre-mer" or "COM"), and the sui generis collectivity ("collectivité sui generis") of New Caledonia.

text: Metropolitan

text: France

text: or

text: la

text: Métropole

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: European

text: France

text: is

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: comprises

text: mainland

text: France

text: and

text: nearby

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: including

text: Corsica

text: Overseas

text: France

text: la

text: France

text: d'outre

text: mer

text: is

text: the

text: collective

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: France

text: outside

text: Europe

text: French

text: overseas

text: regions

text: départements

text: et

text: régions

text: d'outre

text: mer

text: or

text: DROM

text: territories

text: territoires

text: d'outre

text: mer

text: or

text: TOM

text: collectivities

text: collectivités

text: d'outre

text: mer

text: or

text: COM

text: and

text: the

text: sui

text: generis

text: collectivity

text: collectivité

text: sui

text: generis

text: of

text: New

text: Caledonia

text:
The Rhine (, , ) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the
Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands.
The largest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany, with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about , with an average discharge of about .

text: The

text: Rhine

text: is

text: European

text: river

text: that

text: begins

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Austrian

text: Swiss

text: Liechtenstein

text: Swiss

text: German

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: Franco

text: German

text: border

text: then

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: Rhineland

text: and

text: eventually

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Rhine

text: is

text: Cologne

text: Germany

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: after

text: the

text: Danube

text: at

text: about

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: discharge

text: of

text: about

text: An overseas department (or "DOM") is a department of France that is outside metropolitan France. They have nearly the same political status as metropolitan departments, although they have special constitutional provisions that allow them greater autonomy and are excluded from certain domestic statistics, such as the unemployment rate. The overseas departments should not be confused with the overseas collectivities which have a particular status. As integral parts of France and the European Union, overseas departments are represented in the National Assembly, Senate, and Economic and Social Council, vote to elect members of the European Parliament (MEP), and also use the euro as their currency. Each overseas department is also an overseas region.

text: An

text: overseas

text: department

text: or

text: DOM

text: is

text: department

text: of

text: France

text: that

text: is

text: outside

text: metropolitan

text: France

text: They

text: have

text: nearly

text: the

text: same

text: political

text: status

text: as

text: metropolitan

text: departments

text: although

text: they

text: have

text: special

text: constitutional

text: provisions

text: that

text: allow

text: them

text: greater

text: autonomy

text: and

text: are

text: excluded

text: from

text: certain

text: domestic

text: statistics

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: unemployment

text: rate

text: The

text: overseas

text: departments

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: overseas

text: collectivities

text: which

text: have

text: particular

text: status

text: As

text: integral

text: parts

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: overseas

text: departments

text: are

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: Senate

text: and

text: Economic

text: and

text: Social

text: Council

text: vote

text: to

text: elect

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Parliament

text: MEP

text: and

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: their

text: currency

text: Each

text: overseas

text: department

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: overseas

text: region

annotations: follows multiple

question: continent bellevue de l'inini

answer: south america

text: south america

text: south america

text: south america

text: south america

text: south america

text: south america

text: south america

text: south america

text: south america