text: A guitarist (or a guitar player) is a person who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family instruments such as classical guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, and bass guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar by singing or playing the harmonica.

text: guitarist

text: or

text: guitar

text: player

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: plays

text: the

text: guitar

text: Guitarists

text: may

text: play

text: variety

text: of

text: guitar

text: family

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: classical

text: guitars

text: acoustic

text: guitars

text: electric

text: guitars

text: and

text: bass

text: guitars

text: Some

text: guitarists

text: accompany

text: themselves

text: on

text: the

text: guitar

text: by

text: singing

text: or

text: playing

text: the

text: harmonica

text: A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody).

text: U.S.

text: state

text: is

text: constituent

text: political

text: entity

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: There

text: are

text: states

text: which

text: are

text: bound

text: together

text: in

text: union

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: Each

text: state

text: holds

text: administrative

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: defined

text: geographic

text: territory

text: and

text: shares

text: its

text: sovereignty

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: federal

text: government

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: shared

text: sovereignty

text: between

text: each

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: Americans

text: are

text: citizens

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: federal

text: republic

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: reside

text: State

text: citizenship

text: and

text: residency

text: are

text: flexible

text: and

text: no

text: government

text: approval

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: move

text: between

text: states

text: except

text: for

text: persons

text: covered

text: by

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: court

text: orders

text: e.g.

text: paroled

text: convicts

text: and

text: children

text: of

text: divorced

text: spouses

text: who

text: are

text: sharing

text: custody

text:
Lead guitar is a guitar part which plays melody lines, instrumental fill passages, guitar solos, and occasionally, some riffs within a song structure. The lead is the featured guitar, which usually plays single-note-based lines or double-stops.
In rock, heavy metal, blues, jazz, punk, fusion, some pop, and other music styles, lead guitar lines are usually supported by a second guitarist who plays rhythm guitar, which consists of accompaniment chords and riffs.

text: Lead

text: guitar

text: is

text: guitar

text: part

text: which

text: plays

text: melody

text: lines

text: instrumental

text: fill

text: passages

text: guitar

text: solos

text: and

text: occasionally

text: some

text: riffs

text: within

text: song

text: structure

text: The

text: lead

text: is

text: the

text: featured

text: guitar

text: which

text: usually

text: plays

text: single

text: note

text: based

text: lines

text: or

text: double

text: stops

text: In

text: rock

text: heavy

text: metal

text: blues

text: jazz

text: punk

text: fusion

text: some

text: pop

text: and

text: other

text: music

text: styles

text: lead

text: guitar

text: lines

text: are

text: usually

text: supported

text: by

text: second

text: guitarist

text: who

text: plays

text: rhythm

text: guitar

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: accompaniment

text: chords

text: and

text: riffs

text: Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.

text: Rock

text: music

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: that

text: originated

text: as

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: developed

text: into

text: range

text: of

text: different

text: styles

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: later

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: itself

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: blues

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: and

text: country

text: music

text: Rock

text: music

text: also

text: drew

text: strongly

text: on

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: electric

text: blues

text: and

text: folk

text: and

text: incorporated

text: influences

text: from

text: jazz

text: classical

text: and

text: other

text: musical

text: sources

text: Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the city in the U.S. and the in Texas. It is the fastest growing city in the United States and the second most populated capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U.S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2015 estimate, Austin has a population of 931,830. Located in in the foothills of Texas Hill Country, the city is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways including Lady Bird Lake, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, the Colorado River, Lake Travis, and Lake Walter E. Long. It is the cultural and economic center of the metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,064,149 as of June 1, 2016.

text: Austin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Texas

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Travis

text: County

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: the

text: in

text: Texas

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populated

text: capital

text: city

text: after

text: Phoenix

text: Arizona

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: 's

text: July

text: estimate

text: Austin

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: Located

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: foothills

text: of

text: Texas

text: Hill

text: Country

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: lakes

text: rivers

text: and

text: waterways

text: including

text: Lady

text: Bird

text: Lake

text: Barton

text: Springs

text: McKinney

text: Falls

text: the

text: Colorado

text: River

text: Lake

text: Travis

text: and

text: Lake

text: Walter

text: Long

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: economic

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: which

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: June

text: Rhythm guitar is a technique and role that performs a combination of two functions: to provide all or part of the rhythmic pulse in conjunction with singers or other instruments; and to provide all or part of the harmony, i.e. the chords, where a chord is a group of notes played together. Therefore, the basic technique of rhythm guitar is to hold down a series of chords with the fretting hand while strumming rhythmically with the other hand. More developed rhythm techniques include arpeggios, damping, riffs, chord solos, and complex strums.

text: Rhythm

text: guitar

text: is

text: technique

text: and

text: role

text: that

text: performs

text: combination

text: of

text: two

text: functions

text: to

text: provide

text: all

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: rhythmic

text: pulse

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: singers

text: or

text: other

text: instruments

text: and

text: to

text: provide

text: all

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: harmony

text: i.e.

text: the

text: chords

text: where

text: chord

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: notes

text: played

text: together

text: Therefore

text: the

text: basic

text: technique

text: of

text: rhythm

text: guitar

text: is

text: to

text: hold

text: down

text: series

text: of

text: chords

text: with

text: the

text: fretting

text: hand

text: while

text: strumming

text: rhythmically

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: More

text: developed

text: rhythm

text: techniques

text: include

text: arpeggios

text: damping

text: riffs

text: chord

text: solos

text: and

text: complex

text: strums

text: The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar). It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb and/or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand. The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.

text: The

text: guitar

text: is

text: musical

text: instrument

text: classified

text: as

text: string

text: instrument

text: with

text: anywhere

text: from

text: four

text: to

text: strings

text: usually

text: having

text: six

text: The

text: sound

text: is

text: projected

text: either

text: acoustically

text: using

text: hollow

text: wooden

text: or

text: plastic

text: and

text: wood

text: box

text: for

text: an

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: or

text: through

text: electrical

text: amplifier

text: and

text: speaker

text: for

text: an

text: electric

text: guitar

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: played

text: by

text: strumming

text: or

text: plucking

text: the

text: strings

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: thumb

text: and/or

text: fingernails

text: of

text: the

text: right

text: hand

text: or

text: with

text: pick

text: while

text: fretting

text: or

text: pressing

text: against

text: the

text: frets

text: the

text: strings

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: hand

text: The

text: guitar

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: chordophone

text: traditionally

text: constructed

text: from

text: wood

text: and

text: strung

text: with

text: either

text: gut

text: nylon

text: or

text: steel

text: strings

text: and

text: distinguished

text: from

text: other

text: chordophones

text: by

text: its

text: construction

text: and

text: tuning

text: The

text: modern

text: guitar

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: gittern

text: the

text: vihuela

text: the

text: four

text: course

text: Renaissance

text: guitar

text: and

text: the

text: five

text: course

text: baroque

text: guitar

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: six

text: string

text: instrument

text: The Texas Hill Country is a 25-county region of Central Texas and South Texas featuring karst topography and tall rugged hills consisting of thin layers of soil atop limestone or granite. It also includes the Llano Uplift and the second largest granite dome in the United States, Enchanted Rock. The Hill Country reaches into portions of the two major metropolitan areas, especially in San Antonio's northern suburbs and the western half of Travis County, ending southwest of Downtown Austin. The region is the eastern portion of the Edwards Plateau and is bound by the Balcones Fault on the east and the Llano Uplift to the west and north. The terrain is punctuated by a large number of limestone or granite rocks and boulders and a thin layer of topsoil, which makes the region very dry and prone to flash flooding. The Texas Hill Country is also home to several native types of vegetation, such as various yucca, prickly pear cactus, cedar scrub, and the dry Southwestern tree known as the Texas live oak.

text: The

text: Texas

text: Hill

text: Country

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: Central

text: Texas

text: and

text: South

text: Texas

text: featuring

text: karst

text: topography

text: and

text: tall

text: rugged

text: hills

text: consisting

text: of

text: thin

text: layers

text: of

text: soil

text: atop

text: limestone

text: or

text: granite

text: It

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: Llano

text: Uplift

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: granite

text: dome

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Enchanted

text: Rock

text: The

text: Hill

text: Country

text: reaches

text: into

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: major

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: especially

text: in

text: San

text: Antonio

text: 's

text: northern

text: suburbs

text: and

text: the

text: western

text: half

text: of

text: Travis

text: County

text: ending

text: southwest

text: of

text: Downtown

text: Austin

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Edwards

text: Plateau

text: and

text: is

text: bound

text: by

text: the

text: Balcones

text: Fault

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Llano

text: Uplift

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: The

text: terrain

text: is

text: punctuated

text: by

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: limestone

text: or

text: granite

text: rocks

text: and

text: boulders

text: and

text: thin

text: layer

text: of

text: topsoil

text: which

text: makes

text: the

text: region

text: very

text: dry

text: and

text: prone

text: to

text: flash

text: flooding

text: The

text: Texas

text: Hill

text: Country

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: native

text: types

text: of

text: vegetation

text: such

text: as

text: various

text: yucca

text: prickly

text: pear

text: cactus

text: cedar

text: scrub

text: and

text: the

text: dry

text: Southwestern

text: tree

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Texas

text: live

text: oak

text: Canvas is a rock band from Austin , Texas whose active period was from 1996 to 2005 . For most of their history the lineup has been Joseph King ( guitar , lead vocals ) , Julian Mandrake ( lead guitar ) , Ben Rada ( rhythm guitar ) , Brad Byram ( bass , backing vocals ) , and Scott Thomas ( drums ) . The band was extremely popular and influential on the Texas music scene , and the members of the band have all gone on join or form other successful bands .

text: Canvas

text: is

text: rock

text: band

text: from

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: whose

text: active

text: period

text: was

text: from

text: to

text: For

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: history

text: the

text: lineup

text: has

text: been

text: Joseph

text: King

text: guitar

text: lead

text: vocals

text: Julian

text: Mandrake

text: lead

text: guitar

text: Ben

text: Rada

text: rhythm

text: guitar

text: Brad

text: Byram

text: bass

text: backing

text: vocals

text: and

text: Scott

text: Thomas

text: drums

text: The

text: band

text: was

text: extremely

text: popular

text: and

text: influential

text: on

text: the

text: Texas

text: music

text: scene

text: and

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: have

text: all

text: gone

text: on

text: join

text: or

text: form

text: other

text: successful

text: bands

text: MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as "video jockeys" (VJs). In its early years, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily towards teenagers, high school students and college students. MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods. It has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTV's influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years.

text: MTV

text: originally

text: an

text: initialism

text: of

text: Music

text: Television

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: cable

text: and

text: satellite

text: television

text: channel

text: owned

text: by

text: Viacom

text: Media

text: Networks

text: division

text: of

text: Viacom

text: and

text: headquartered

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Launched

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: channel

text: originally

text: aired

text: music

text: videos

text: as

text: guided

text: by

text: television

text: personalities

text: known

text: as

text: video

text: jockeys

text: VJs

text: In

text: its

text: early

text: years

text: MTV

text: 's

text: main

text: target

text: demographic

text: was

text: young

text: adults

text: but

text: today

text: it

text: is

text: primarily

text: towards

text: teenagers

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: and

text: college

text: students

text: MTV

text: has

text: toned

text: down

text: its

text: music

text: video

text: programming

text: significantly

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: programming

text: now

text: consists

text: mainly

text: of

text: original

text: reality

text: comedy

text: and

text: drama

text: programming

text: and

text: some

text: off

text: network

text: syndicated

text: programs

text: and

text: films

text: with

text: limited

text: music

text: video

text: programming

text: in

text: off

text: peak

text: time

text: periods

text: It

text: has

text: received

text: criticism

text: towards

text: this

text: change

text: of

text: focus

text: both

text: by

text: certain

text: segments

text: of

text: its

text: audience

text: and

text: musicians

text: MTV

text: 's

text: influence

text: on

text: its

text: audience

text: including

text: issues

text: involving

text: censorship

text: and

text: social

text: activism

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: subject

text: of

text: debate

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: "Built specifically to contain floodwaters" in a flash-flood prone region, Lake Travis is a reservoir on the Colorado River in central Texas in the United States. The reservoir was formed in 1942 by the construction of Mansfield Dam on the western edge of Austin, Texas by the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA). Highlighting its purpose, even during its construction -- after a severe flood in July 1938 -- the height of the dam was raised to add storage capacity for floodwaters.

text: Built

text: specifically

text: to

text: contain

text: floodwaters

text: in

text: flash

text: flood

text: prone

text: region

text: Lake

text: Travis

text: is

text: reservoir

text: on

text: the

text: Colorado

text: River

text: in

text: central

text: Texas

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: reservoir

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: Mansfield

text: Dam

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: by

text: the

text: Lower

text: Colorado

text: River

text: Authority

text: LCRA

text: Highlighting

text: its

text: purpose

text: even

text: during

text: its

text: construction

text: after

text: severe

text: flood

text: in

text: July

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: dam

text: was

text: raised

text: to

text: add

text: storage

text: capacity

text: for

text: floodwaters

text:
Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City, California. Founded and incorporated on May 28, 1982 by Trip Hawkins, the company was a pioneer of the early home computer games industry and was notable for promoting the designers and programmers responsible for its games. As of 2014, Electronic Arts was the world's fourth-largest gaming company by revenue after Tencent, Sony and Microsoft
The company sparked controversies over its advertising efforts, and acquisition of other studios.

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: Inc.

text: EA

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: video

text: game

text: company

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Redwood

text: City

text: California

text: Founded

text: and

text: incorporated

text: on

text: May

text: by

text: Trip

text: Hawkins

text: the

text: company

text: was

text: pioneer

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: home

text: computer

text: games

text: industry

text: and

text: was

text: notable

text: for

text: promoting

text: the

text: designers

text: and

text: programmers

text: responsible

text: for

text: its

text: games

text: As

text: of

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: largest

text: gaming

text: company

text: by

text: revenue

text: after

text: Tencent

text: Sony

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: The

text: company

text: sparked

text: controversies

text: over

text: its

text: advertising

text: efforts

text: and

text: acquisition

text: of

text: other

text: studios

text: Lady Bird Lake (formerly Town Lake) is a reservoir on the Colorado River in Downtown Austin, Texas, in the United States. It was created in 1960 by the construction of Longhorn Dam and is owned and operated by the City of Austin in cooperation with the Lower Colorado River Authority. The surface area of the lake is , and it is used primarily for flood control and recreation. Located on the lake's shoreline are various hotels and apartments, as well as the Auditorium Shores park and the Austin Hike and Bike Trail. It is named, after former First and Second Lady of the United States Lady Bird Johnson, wife of President Lyndon B. Johnson.

text: Lady

text: Bird

text: Lake

text: formerly

text: Town

text: Lake

text: is

text: reservoir

text: on

text: the

text: Colorado

text: River

text: in

text: Downtown

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: Longhorn

text: Dam

text: and

text: is

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Austin

text: in

text: cooperation

text: with

text: the

text: Lower

text: Colorado

text: River

text: Authority

text: The

text: surface

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: is

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: primarily

text: for

text: flood

text: control

text: and

text: recreation

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: lake

text: 's

text: shoreline

text: are

text: various

text: hotels

text: and

text: apartments

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Auditorium

text: Shores

text: park

text: and

text: the

text: Austin

text: Hike

text: and

text: Bike

text: Trail

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: former

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Lady

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Lady

text: Bird

text: Johnson

text: wife

text: of

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: Johnson

text: The Wii is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19, 2006. As a seventh-generation console, the Wii competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Sony's PlayStation 3. Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others. , the Wii leads its generation over PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales, with more than 101 million units sold; in December 2009, the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States.

text: The

text: Wii

text: is

text: home

text: video

text: game

text: console

text: released

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: on

text: November

text: As

text: seventh

text: generation

text: console

text: the

text: Wii

text: competed

text: with

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: Xbox

text: and

text: Sony

text: 's

text: PlayStation

text: Nintendo

text: states

text: that

text: its

text: console

text: targets

text: broader

text: demographic

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: others

text: the

text: Wii

text: leads

text: its

text: generation

text: over

text: PlayStation

text: and

text: Xbox

text: in

text: worldwide

text: sales

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: units

text: sold

text: in

text: December

text: the

text: console

text: broke

text: the

text: sales

text: record

text: for

text: single

text: month

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Julian Kayl Mandrake (born June 23, 1970 in San Diego, CA) is a guitarist best known for his work with the bands Blue October, Canvas, and Mothers Anthem.

text: Julian

text: Kayl

text: Mandrake

text: born

text: June

text: in

text: San

text: Diego

text: CA

text: is

text: guitarist

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: bands

text: Blue

text: October

text: Canvas

text: and

text: Mothers

text: Anthem

text: The PlayStation 3 (abbreviated as PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to PlayStation 2, and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. It was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, November 17, 2006 in North America, and March 27, 2007 in Europe and Australia.

text: The

text: PlayStation

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: is

text: home

text: video

text: game

text: console

text: developed

text: by

text: Sony

text: Computer

text: Entertainment

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: PlayStation

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: brand

text: of

text: consoles

text: It

text: competed

text: with

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: Xbox

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: Wii

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: seventh

text: generation

text: of

text: video

text: game

text: consoles

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: released

text: on

text: November

text: in

text: Japan

text: November

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: March

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: Blue October is an American alternative rock band originally from Houston, Texas. The band was formed in 1995 and currently consists of Justin Furstenfeld (lead vocals, guitar), Jeremy Furstenfeld (drums, percussion), Ryan Delahoussaye (violin/viola, mandolin, piano, backing vocals), Matthew Ostrander (lead guitar), and Matt Noveskey (bass guitar, backing vocals). The band has had eight Top 40 singles over their past seven studio albums and is best known for their platinum singles "Hate Me" and "Into the Ocean" from their 2006 platinum album "Foiled".

text: Blue

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: originally

text: from

text: Houston

text: Texas

text: The

text: band

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: and

text: currently

text: consists

text: of

text: Justin

text: Furstenfeld

text: lead

text: vocals

text: guitar

text: Jeremy

text: Furstenfeld

text: drums

text: percussion

text: Ryan

text: Delahoussaye

text: violin

text: viola

text: mandolin

text: piano

text: backing

text: vocals

text: Matthew

text: Ostrander

text: lead

text: guitar

text: and

text: Matt

text: Noveskey

text: bass

text: guitar

text: backing

text: vocals

text: The

text: band

text: has

text: had

text: eight

text: Top

text: singles

text: over

text: their

text: past

text: seven

text: studio

text: albums

text: and

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: platinum

text: singles

text: Hate

text: Me

text: and

text: Into

text: the

text: Ocean

text: from

text: their

text: platinum

text: album

text: Foiled

text: Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms".

text: Jazz

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: amongst

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: Since

text: the

text: jazz

text: age

text: jazz

text: has

text: become

text: recognized

text: as

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: musical

text: expression

text: It

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: independent

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: musical

text: styles

text: all

text: linked

text: by

text: the

text: common

text: bonds

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: European

text: American

text: musical

text: parentage

text: with

text: performance

text: orientation

text: Jazz

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: swing

text: and

text: blue

text: notes

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: vocals

text: polyrhythms

text: and

text: improvisation

text: Jazz

text: has

text: roots

text: in

text: West

text: African

text: cultural

text: and

text: musical

text: expression

text: and

text: in

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: traditions

text: including

text: blues

text: and

text: ragtime

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: European

text: military

text: band

text: music

text: Although

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: jazz

text: is

text: deeply

text: rooted

text: within

text: the

text: Black

text: experience

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: different

text: cultures

text: have

text: contributed

text: their

text: own

text: experience

text: and

text: styles

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: form

text: as

text: well

text: Intellectuals

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: have

text: hailed

text: jazz

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: original

text: art

text: forms

text: Rock Band is a series of music video games developed by Harmonix and MTV Games, and distributed by Electronic Arts for the Nintendo DS, iOS, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PSP, Wii, Xbox One and Xbox 360 game systems. The series, inspired by Harmonix's previous efforts on the "Guitar Hero" series, allows up to four players to simulate the performance of popular rock music songs by playing with controllers modeled after musical instruments. Players can play the lead guitar, bass guitar, keyboard, and drums parts to songs, as well as sing into a USB microphone. Players are scored on their ability to match scrolling musical notes while playing instruments, and by their ability to match the singer's pitch on vocals.

text: Rock

text: Band

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: music

text: video

text: games

text: developed

text: by

text: Harmonix

text: and

text: MTV

text: Games

text: and

text: distributed

text: by

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: for

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: DS

text: iOS

text: PlayStation

text: PlayStation

text: PSP

text: Wii

text: Xbox

text: One

text: and

text: Xbox

text: game

text: systems

text: The

text: series

text: inspired

text: by

text: Harmonix

text: 's

text: previous

text: efforts

text: on

text: the

text: Guitar

text: Hero

text: series

text: allows

text: up

text: to

text: four

text: players

text: to

text: simulate

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: popular

text: rock

text: music

text: songs

text: by

text: playing

text: with

text: controllers

text: modeled

text: after

text: musical

text: instruments

text: Players

text: can

text: play

text: the

text: lead

text: guitar

text: bass

text: guitar

text: keyboard

text: and

text: drums

text: parts

text: to

text: songs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: sing

text: into

text: USB

text: microphone

text: Players

text: are

text: scored

text: on

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: match

text: scrolling

text: musical

text: notes

text: while

text: playing

text: instruments

text: and

text: by

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: singer

text: 's

text: pitch

text: on

text: vocals

text: A melody ("singing, chanting"), also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. In its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm, while more figuratively, the term can include successions of other musical elements such as tonal color. It may be considered the foreground to the background accompaniment. A line or part need not be a foreground melody.

text: melody

text: singing

text: chanting

text: also

text: tune

text: voice

text: or

text: line

text: is

text: linear

text: succession

text: of

text: musical

text: tones

text: that

text: the

text: listener

text: perceives

text: as

text: single

text: entity

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: literal

text: sense

text: melody

text: is

text: combination

text: of

text: pitch

text: and

text: rhythm

text: while

text: more

text: figuratively

text: the

text: term

text: can

text: include

text: successions

text: of

text: other

text: musical

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: tonal

text: color

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: the

text: foreground

text: to

text: the

text: background

text: accompaniment

text: line

text: or

text: part

text: need

text: not

text: be

text: foreground

text: melody

text: Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Geographically located in the south central part of the country, Texas shares borders with the U.S. states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the southwest, while the Gulf of Mexico is to the southeast.

text: Texas

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: Geographically

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Texas

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Louisiana

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Arkansas

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Oklahoma

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: New

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mexican

text: states

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: Coahuila

text: Nuevo

text: León

text: and

text: Tamaulipas

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: while

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: A guitar solo is a melodic passage, instrumental section, or entire piece of music written for a classical guitar, electric guitar or an acoustic guitar. In 20th and 21st century traditional music and popular music such as blues, swing, jazz, jazz fusion, rock and metal guitar solos often contain virtuoso techniques and varying degrees of improvisation. Guitar solos on classical guitar, which are typically written in musical notation, are also used in classical music forms such as chamber music and concertos.

text: guitar

text: solo

text: is

text: melodic

text: passage

text: instrumental

text: section

text: or

text: entire

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: written

text: for

text: classical

text: guitar

text: electric

text: guitar

text: or

text: an

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: In

text: and

text: century

text: traditional

text: music

text: and

text: popular

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: blues

text: swing

text: jazz

text: jazz

text: fusion

text: rock

text: and

text: metal

text: guitar

text: solos

text: often

text: contain

text: virtuoso

text: techniques

text: and

text: varying

text: degrees

text: of

text: improvisation

text: Guitar

text: solos

text: on

text: classical

text: guitar

text: which

text: are

text: typically

text: written

text: in

text: musical

text: notation

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: chamber

text: music

text: and

text: concertos

text: A music video game, also commonly known as a music game, is a video game where the gameplay is meaningfully and often almost entirely oriented around the player's interactions with a musical score or individual songs. Music video games may take a variety of forms and are often grouped with puzzle games due to their common use of "rhythmically generated puzzles".

text: music

text: video

text: game

text: also

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: music

text: game

text: is

text: video

text: game

text: where

text: the

text: gameplay

text: is

text: meaningfully

text: and

text: often

text: almost

text: entirely

text: oriented

text: around

text: the

text: player

text: 's

text: interactions

text: with

text: musical

text: score

text: or

text: individual

text: songs

text: Music

text: video

text: games

text: may

text: take

text: variety

text: of

text: forms

text: and

text: are

text: often

text: grouped

text: with

text: puzzle

text: games

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: common

text: use

text: of

text: rhythmically

text: generated

text: puzzles

text: USB, short for Universal Serial Bus, is an industry standard initially developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection, communication, and power supply between computers and electronic devices. It is currently developed by the USB Implementers Forum (USB IF).

text: USB

text: short

text: for

text: Universal

text: Serial

text: Bus

text: is

text: an

text: industry

text: standard

text: initially

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: that

text: defines

text: the

text: cables

text: connectors

text: and

text: communications

text: protocols

text: used

text: in

text: bus

text: for

text: connection

text: communication

text: and

text: power

text: supply

text: between

text: computers

text: and

text: electronic

text: devices

text: It

text: is

text: currently

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: USB

text: Implementers

text: Forum

text: USB

text: IF

text: The or simply, DS, is a 32-bit dual-screen handheld game console developed and released by Nintendo. The device went on sale in North America on November 21, 2004. The DS, short for "Developers' System" or "Dual Screen", introduced distinctive new features to handheld gaming: two LCD screens working in tandem (the bottom one featuring a touchscreen), a built-in microphone, and support for wireless connectivity. Both screens are encompassed within a clamshell design similar to the Game Boy Advance SP. The Nintendo DS also features the ability for multiple DS consoles to directly interact with each other over Wi-Fi within a short range without the need to connect to an existing wireless network. Alternatively, they could interact online using the now-closed Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service. Its main competitor was Sony's PlayStation Portable as part of the seventh generation era.

text: The

text: or

text: simply

text: DS

text: is

text: dual

text: screen

text: handheld

text: game

text: console

text: developed

text: and

text: released

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: The

text: device

text: went

text: on

text: sale

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: November

text: The

text: DS

text: short

text: for

text: Developers

text: System

text: or

text: Dual

text: Screen

text: introduced

text: distinctive

text: new

text: features

text: to

text: handheld

text: gaming

text: two

text: LCD

text: screens

text: working

text: in

text: tandem

text: the

text: bottom

text: one

text: featuring

text: touchscreen

text: built

text: in

text: microphone

text: and

text: support

text: for

text: wireless

text: connectivity

text: Both

text: screens

text: are

text: encompassed

text: within

text: clamshell

text: design

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Game

text: Boy

text: Advance

text: SP

text: The

text: Nintendo

text: DS

text: also

text: features

text: the

text: ability

text: for

text: multiple

text: DS

text: consoles

text: to

text: directly

text: interact

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: over

text: Wi

text: Fi

text: within

text: short

text: range

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: connect

text: to

text: an

text: existing

text: wireless

text: network

text: Alternatively

text: they

text: could

text: interact

text: online

text: using

text: the

text: now

text: closed

text: Nintendo

text: Wi

text: Fi

text: Connection

text: service

text: Its

text: main

text: competitor

text: was

text: Sony

text: 's

text: PlayStation

text: Portable

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: seventh

text: generation

text: era

text: Harmonix Music Systems, Inc., doing business as Harmonix, is an American video game development company based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, best known for its music video games.

text: Harmonix

text: Music

text: Systems

text: Inc.

text: doing

text: business

text: as

text: Harmonix

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: video

text: game

text: development

text: company

text: based

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: Massachusetts

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: music

text: video

text: games

text: Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs and European-American folk music. Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common. Blue notes (or "worried notes"), usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch, are also an essential part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove.

text: Blues

text: is

text: genre

text: and

text: musical

text: form

text: originated

text: by

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: the

text: Deep

text: South

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: around

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: genre

text: developed

text: from

text: roots

text: in

text: African

text: musical

text: traditions

text: African

text: American

text: work

text: songs

text: and

text: European

text: American

text: folk

text: music

text: Blues

text: incorporated

text: spirituals

text: work

text: songs

text: field

text: hollers

text: shouts

text: chants

text: and

text: rhymed

text: simple

text: narrative

text: ballads

text: The

text: blues

text: form

text: ubiquitous

text: in

text: jazz

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: pattern

text: the

text: blues

text: scale

text: and

text: specific

text: chord

text: progressions

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: twelve

text: bar

text: blues

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: Blue

text: notes

text: or

text: worried

text: notes

text: usually

text: thirds

text: or

text: fifths

text: flattened

text: in

text: pitch

text: are

text: also

text: an

text: essential

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: sound

text: Blues

text: shuffles

text: or

text: walking

text: bass

text: reinforce

text: the

text: trance

text: like

text: rhythm

text: and

text: form

text: repetitive

text: effect

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: groove

text: The Xbox 360 is a home video game console developed by Microsoft. As the successor to the original Xbox, it is the second console in the Xbox series. The Xbox 360 competed with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. The Xbox 360 was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information divulged later that month at the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3).

text: The

text: Xbox

text: is

text: home

text: video

text: game

text: console

text: developed

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: As

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: Xbox

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: console

text: in

text: the

text: Xbox

text: series

text: The

text: Xbox

text: competed

text: with

text: Sony

text: 's

text: PlayStation

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: Wii

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: seventh

text: generation

text: of

text: video

text: game

text: consoles

text: The

text: Xbox

text: was

text: officially

text: unveiled

text: on

text: MTV

text: on

text: May

text: with

text: detailed

text: launch

text: and

text: game

text: information

text: divulged

text: later

text: that

text: month

text: at

text: the

text: Electronic

text: Entertainment

text: Expo

text: In music, the term note has three primary meanings:

text: In

text: music

text: the

text: term

text: note

text: has

text: three

text: primary

text: meanings

text: A song, most broadly, is a single (and often standalone) work of music that is typically intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections. Written words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created, are called lyrics. If a pre-existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art song. Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants. Songs in a simple style that are learned informally are often referred to as folk songs. Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs. These songs, which have broad appeal, are often composed by professional songwriters, composers and lyricists. Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances. Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video (or in some, cases, a song may be performed live and simultaneously recorded). Songs may also appear in plays, musical theatre, stage shows of any form, and within operas.

text: song

text: most

text: broadly

text: is

text: single

text: and

text: often

text: standalone

text: work

text: of

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: typically

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: human

text: voice

text: with

text: distinct

text: and

text: fixed

text: pitches

text: and

text: patterns

text: using

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: and

text: variety

text: of

text: forms

text: that

text: often

text: include

text: the

text: repetition

text: of

text: sections

text: Written

text: words

text: created

text: specifically

text: for

text: music

text: or

text: for

text: which

text: music

text: is

text: specifically

text: created

text: are

text: called

text: lyrics

text: If

text: pre

text: existing

text: poem

text: is

text: set

text: to

text: composed

text: music

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: song

text: Songs

text: that

text: are

text: sung

text: on

text: repeated

text: pitches

text: without

text: distinct

text: contours

text: and

text: patterns

text: that

text: rise

text: and

text: fall

text: are

text: called

text: chants

text: Songs

text: in

text: simple

text: style

text: that

text: are

text: learned

text: informally

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: folk

text: songs

text: Songs

text: that

text: are

text: composed

text: for

text: professional

text: singers

text: who

text: sell

text: their

text: recordings

text: or

text: live

text: shows

text: to

text: the

text: mass

text: market

text: are

text: called

text: popular

text: songs

text: These

text: songs

text: which

text: have

text: broad

text: appeal

text: are

text: often

text: composed

text: by

text: professional

text: songwriters

text: composers

text: and

text: lyricists

text: Art

text: songs

text: are

text: composed

text: by

text: trained

text: classical

text: composers

text: for

text: concert

text: or

text: recital

text: performances

text: Songs

text: are

text: performed

text: live

text: and

text: recorded

text: on

text: audio

text: or

text: video

text: or

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: song

text: may

text: be

text: performed

text: live

text: and

text: simultaneously

text: recorded

text: Songs

text: may

text: also

text: appear

text: in

text: plays

text: musical

text: theatre

text: stage

text: shows

text: of

text: any

text: form

text: and

text: within

text: operas

text: The PlayStation 2 (abbreviated as PS2) is a home video game console that was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to the PlayStation, and is the second installment in the PlayStation lineup of consoles. It was released on March 4, 2000 in Japan, October 26, 2000 in North America, November 24, 2000 in Europe, and November 17, 2000 in Australia. It competed with Sega's Dreamcast, Microsoft's Xbox, and Nintendo's GameCube in the sixth generation of video game consoles.

text: The

text: PlayStation

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: is

text: home

text: video

text: game

text: console

text: that

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: Sony

text: Computer

text: Entertainment

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: installment

text: in

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: lineup

text: of

text: consoles

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: March

text: in

text: Japan

text: October

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: November

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: November

text: in

text: Australia

text: It

text: competed

text: with

text: Sega

text: 's

text: Dreamcast

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: Xbox

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: GameCube

text: in

text: the

text: sixth

text: generation

text: of

text: video

text: game

text: consoles

annotations: follows single

question: genre canvas

answer: alternative rock

text: alternative rock


text: Algebra (from Arabic ""al-jabr"" meaning "reunion of broken parts") is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis. In its most general form, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols; it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics. As such, it includes everything from elementary equation solving to the study of abstractions such as groups, rings, and fields. The more basic parts of algebra are called elementary algebra, the more abstract parts are called abstract algebra or modern algebra. Elementary algebra is generally considered to be essential for any study of mathematics, science, or engineering, as well as such applications as medicine and economics. Abstract algebra is a major area in advanced mathematics, studied primarily by professional mathematicians.

text: Algebra

text: from

text: Arabic

text: al

text: jabr

text: meaning

text: reunion

text: of

text: broken

text: parts

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: broad

text: parts

text: of

text: mathematics

text: together

text: with

text: number

text: theory

text: geometry

text: and

text: analysis

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: algebra

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: mathematical

text: symbols

text: and

text: the

text: rules

text: for

text: manipulating

text: these

text: symbols

text: it

text: is

text: unifying

text: thread

text: of

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: mathematics

text: As

text: such

text: it

text: includes

text: everything

text: from

text: elementary

text: equation

text: solving

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: abstractions

text: such

text: as

text: groups

text: rings

text: and

text: fields

text: The

text: more

text: basic

text: parts

text: of

text: algebra

text: are

text: called

text: elementary

text: algebra

text: the

text: more

text: abstract

text: parts

text: are

text: called

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: or

text: modern

text: algebra

text: Elementary

text: algebra

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: essential

text: for

text: any

text: study

text: of

text: mathematics

text: science

text: or

text: engineering

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: such

text: applications

text: as

text: medicine

text: and

text: economics

text: Abstract

text: algebra

text: is

text: major

text: area

text: in

text: advanced

text: mathematics

text: studied

text: primarily

text: by

text: professional

text: mathematicians

text: In mathematics, the fundamental theorem of Galois theory is a result that describes the structure of certain types of field extensions.

text: In

text: mathematics

text: the

text: fundamental

text: theorem

text: of

text: Galois

text: theory

text: is

text: result

text: that

text: describes

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: field

text: extensions

text: In mathematics, a Galois extension is an algebraic field extension "E"/"F" that is normal and separable; or equivalently, "E"/"F" is algebraic, and the field fixed by the automorphism group Aut("E"/"F") is precisely the base field "F". The significance of being a Galois extension is that the extension has a Galois group and obeys the fundamental theorem of Galois theory.

text: In

text: mathematics

text: Galois

text: extension

text: is

text: an

text: algebraic

text: field

text: extension

text: E"/"F

text: that

text: is

text: normal

text: and

text: separable

text: or

text: equivalently

text: E"/"F

text: is

text: algebraic

text: and

text: the

text: field

text: fixed

text: by

text: the

text: automorphism

text: group

text: Aut("E"/"F

text: is

text: precisely

text: the

text: base

text: field

text: The

text: significance

text: of

text: being

text: Galois

text: extension

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: extension

text: has

text: Galois

text: group

text: and

text: obeys

text: the

text: fundamental

text: theorem

text: of

text: Galois

text: theory

text: In mathematics, more specifically in abstract algebra, Galois theory, named after Évariste Galois, provides a connection between field theory and group theory. Using Galois theory, certain problems in field theory can be reduced to group theory, which is, in some sense, simpler and better understood.

text: In

text: mathematics

text: more

text: specifically

text: in

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: Galois

text: theory

text: named

text: after

text: Évariste

text: Galois

text: provides

text: connection

text: between

text: field

text: theory

text: and

text: group

text: theory

text: Using

text: Galois

text: theory

text: certain

text: problems

text: in

text: field

text: theory

text: can

text: be

text: reduced

text: to

text: group

text: theory

text: which

text: is

text: in

text: some

text: sense

text: simpler

text: and

text: better

text: understood

text: In mathematics, more specifically in the area of modern algebra known as Galois theory, the Galois group of a certain type of field extension is a specific group associated with the field extension. The study of field extensions and their relationship to the polynomials that give rise to them via Galois groups is called Galois theory, so named in honor of Évariste Galois who first discovered them.

text: In

text: mathematics

text: more

text: specifically

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: modern

text: algebra

text: known

text: as

text: Galois

text: theory

text: the

text: Galois

text: group

text: of

text: certain

text: type

text: of

text: field

text: extension

text: is

text: specific

text: group

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: field

text: extension

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: field

text: extensions

text: and

text: their

text: relationship

text: to

text: the

text: polynomials

text: that

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: them

text: via

text: Galois

text: groups

text: is

text: called

text: Galois

text: theory

text: so

text: named

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: Évariste

text: Galois

text: who

text: first

text: discovered

text: them

text: In abstract algebra , an abelian extension is a Galois extension whose Galois group is abelian . When the Galois group is also cyclic , the extension is also called a cyclic extension . Going in the other direction , a Galois extension is called solvable if its Galois group is solvable , i.e. , if the group can be decomposed into a series of normal extensions of an abelian group . Every finite extension of a finite field is a cyclic extension . Class field theory provides detailed information about the abelian extensions of number fields , function fields of algebraic curves over finite fields , and local fields . There are two slightly different definitions of the term cyclotomic extension . It can mean either an extension formed by adjoining roots of unity to a field , or a subextension of such an extension . The cyclotomic fields are examples . A cyclotomic extension , under either definition , is always abelian . If a field K contains a primitive n - th root of unity and the n - th root of an element of K is adjoined , the resulting so - called Kummer extension is an abelian extension ( if K has characteristic p we should say that p does n't divide n , since otherwise this can fail even to be a separable extension ) . In general , however , the Galois groups of n - th roots of elements operate both on the n - th roots and on the roots of unity , giving a non-abelian Galois group as semi-direct product . The Kummer theory gives a complete description of the abelian extension case , and the Kronecker -- Weber theorem tells us that if K is the field of rational numbers , an extension is abelian if and only if it is a subfield of a field obtained by adjoining a root of unity . There is an important analogy with the fundamental group in topology , which classifies all covering spaces of a space : abelian covers are classified by its abelianisation which relates directly to the first homology group .

text: In

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: an

text: abelian

text: extension

text: is

text: Galois

text: extension

text: whose

text: Galois

text: group

text: is

text: abelian

text: When

text: the

text: Galois

text: group

text: is

text: also

text: cyclic

text: the

text: extension

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: cyclic

text: extension

text: Going

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: direction

text: Galois

text: extension

text: is

text: called

text: solvable

text: if

text: its

text: Galois

text: group

text: is

text: solvable

text: i.e.

text: if

text: the

text: group

text: can

text: be

text: decomposed

text: into

text: series

text: of

text: normal

text: extensions

text: of

text: an

text: abelian

text: group

text: Every

text: finite

text: extension

text: of

text: finite

text: field

text: is

text: cyclic

text: extension

text: Class

text: field

text: theory

text: provides

text: detailed

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: abelian

text: extensions

text: of

text: number

text: fields

text: function

text: fields

text: of

text: algebraic

text: curves

text: over

text: finite

text: fields

text: and

text: local

text: fields

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: slightly

text: different

text: definitions

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: cyclotomic

text: extension

text: It

text: can

text: mean

text: either

text: an

text: extension

text: formed

text: by

text: adjoining

text: roots

text: of

text: unity

text: to

text: field

text: or

text: subextension

text: of

text: such

text: an

text: extension

text: The

text: cyclotomic

text: fields

text: are

text: examples

text: cyclotomic

text: extension

text: under

text: either

text: definition

text: is

text: always

text: abelian

text: If

text: field

text: contains

text: primitive

text: th

text: root

text: of

text: unity

text: and

text: the

text: th

text: root

text: of

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: is

text: adjoined

text: the

text: resulting

text: so

text: called

text: Kummer

text: extension

text: is

text: an

text: abelian

text: extension

text: if

text: has

text: characteristic

text: we

text: should

text: say

text: that

text: does

text: n't

text: divide

text: since

text: otherwise

text: this

text: can

text: fail

text: even

text: to

text: be

text: separable

text: extension

text: In

text: general

text: however

text: the

text: Galois

text: groups

text: of

text: th

text: roots

text: of

text: elements

text: operate

text: both

text: on

text: the

text: th

text: roots

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: roots

text: of

text: unity

text: giving

text: non

text: abelian

text: Galois

text: group

text: as

text: semi

text: direct

text: product

text: The

text: Kummer

text: theory

text: gives

text: complete

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: abelian

text: extension

text: case

text: and

text: the

text: Kronecker

text: Weber

text: theorem

text: tells

text: us

text: that

text: if

text: is

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: rational

text: numbers

text: an

text: extension

text: is

text: abelian

text: if

text: and

text: only

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: subfield

text: of

text: field

text: obtained

text: by

text: adjoining

text: root

text: of

text: unity

text: There

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: analogy

text: with

text: the

text: fundamental

text: group

text: in

text: topology

text: which

text: classifies

text: all

text: covering

text: spaces

text: of

text: space

text: abelian

text: covers

text: are

text: classified

text: by

text: its

text: abelianisation

text: which

text: relates

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: homology

text: group

text: In mathematics, and more specifically in abstract algebra, an algebraic structure is a set (called carrier set or underlying set) with one or more finitary operations defined on it that satisfies a list of axioms.

text: In

text: mathematics

text: and

text: more

text: specifically

text: in

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: an

text: algebraic

text: structure

text: is

text: set

text: called

text: carrier

text: set

text: or

text: underlying

text: set

text: with

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: finitary

text: operations

text: defined

text: on

text: it

text: that

text: satisfies

text: list

text: of

text: axioms

text: Évariste Galois (25 October 1811  31 May 1832) was a French mathematician born in Bourg-la-Reine. While still in his teens, he was able to determine a necessary and sufficient condition for a polynomial to be solvable by radicals, thereby solving a problem standing for 350 years. His work laid the foundations for Galois theory and group theory, two major branches of abstract algebra, and the subfield of Galois connections. He died at age 20 from wounds suffered in a duel.

text: Évariste

text: Galois

text: October

text: May

text: was

text: French

text: mathematician

text: born

text: in

text: Bourg

text: la

text: Reine

text: While

text: still

text: in

text: his

text: teens

text: he

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: determine

text: necessary

text: and

text: sufficient

text: condition

text: for

text: polynomial

text: to

text: be

text: solvable

text: by

text: radicals

text: thereby

text: solving

text: problem

text: standing

text: for

text: years

text: His

text: work

text: laid

text: the

text: foundations

text: for

text: Galois

text: theory

text: and

text: group

text: theory

text: two

text: major

text: branches

text: of

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: and

text: the

text: subfield

text: of

text: Galois

text: connections

text: He

text: died

text: at

text: age

text: from

text: wounds

text: suffered

text: in

text: duel

text: In algebra, which is a broad division of mathematics, abstract algebra (occasionally called modern algebra) is the study of algebraic structures. Algebraic structures include groups, rings, fields, modules, vector spaces, lattices, and algebras. The term "abstract algebra" was coined in the early 20th century to distinguish this area of study from the other parts of algebra.

text: In

text: algebra

text: which

text: is

text: broad

text: division

text: of

text: mathematics

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: occasionally

text: called

text: modern

text: algebra

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: algebraic

text: structures

text: Algebraic

text: structures

text: include

text: groups

text: rings

text: fields

text: modules

text: vector

text: spaces

text: lattices

text: and

text: algebras

text: The

text: term

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: was

text: coined

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: to

text: distinguish

text: this

text: area

text: of

text: study

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: algebra

text: In mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. It is, in some sense, a symmetry of the object, and a way of mapping the object to itself while preserving all of its structure. The set of all automorphisms of an object forms a group, called the automorphism group. It is, loosely speaking, the symmetry group of the object.

text: In

text: mathematics

text: an

text: automorphism

text: is

text: an

text: isomorphism

text: from

text: mathematical

text: object

text: to

text: itself

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: some

text: sense

text: symmetry

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: and

text: way

text: of

text: mapping

text: the

text: object

text: to

text: itself

text: while

text: preserving

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: structure

text: The

text: set

text: of

text: all

text: automorphisms

text: of

text: an

text: object

text: forms

text: group

text: called

text: the

text: automorphism

text: group

text: It

text: is

text: loosely

text: speaking

text: the

text: symmetry

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: object

text: Mathematics (from Greek  "máthma", knowledge, study, learning) is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics.

text: Mathematics

text: from

text: Greek

text: máthma

text: knowledge

text: study

text: learning

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: topics

text: such

text: as

text: quantity

text: numbers

text: structure

text: space

text: and

text: change

text: There

text: is

text: range

text: of

text: views

text: among

text: mathematicians

text: and

text: philosophers

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: exact

text: scope

text: and

text: definition

text: of

text: mathematics

text: In mathematics, a polynomial is an expression consisting of variables (or indeterminates) and coefficients, that involves only the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and non-negative integer exponents. An example of a polynomial of a single indeterminate is . An example in three variables is .

text: In

text: mathematics

text: polynomial

text: is

text: an

text: expression

text: consisting

text: of

text: variables

text: or

text: indeterminates

text: and

text: coefficients

text: that

text: involves

text: only

text: the

text: operations

text: of

text: addition

text: subtraction

text: multiplication

text: and

text: non

text: negative

text: integer

text: exponents

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: polynomial

text: of

text: single

text: indeterminate

text: is

text: An

text: example

text: in

text: three

text: variables

text: is

text: In abstract algebra, field extensions are the main object of study in field theory. The general idea is to start with a base field and construct in some manner a larger field that contains the base field and satisfies additional properties. For instance, the set Q(2) = {"a" + "b"2 | "a", "b"  Q} is the smallest extension of Q that includes every real solution to the equation "x" = 2.

text: In

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: field

text: extensions

text: are

text: the

text: main

text: object

text: of

text: study

text: in

text: field

text: theory

text: The

text: general

text: idea

text: is

text: to

text: start

text: with

text: base

text: field

text: and

text: construct

text: in

text: some

text: manner

text: larger

text: field

text: that

text: contains

text: the

text: base

text: field

text: and

text: satisfies

text: additional

text: properties

text: For

text: instance

text: the

text: set

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: extension

text: of

text: that

text: includes

text: every

text: real

text: solution

text: to

text: the

text: equation

annotations: follows multiple

question: subclass_of abelian extension

answer: field extension

text: field extension

text: field extension

text: field extension


text: A warlord is a leader able to exercise military, economic, and political control over a subnational territory within a sovereign state due to his ability to mobilize loyal armed forces. These armed forces, usually considered militias, are loyal to the warlord rather than to the state regime. Warlords have existed throughout much of history, albeit in a variety of different capacities within the political, economic, and social structure of states or ungoverned territories.

text: warlord

text: is

text: leader

text: able

text: to

text: exercise

text: military

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: control

text: over

text: subnational

text: territory

text: within

text: sovereign

text: state

text: due

text: to

text: his

text: ability

text: to

text: mobilize

text: loyal

text: armed

text: forces

text: These

text: armed

text: forces

text: usually

text: considered

text: militias

text: are

text: loyal

text: to

text: the

text: warlord

text: rather

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: regime

text: Warlords

text: have

text: existed

text: throughout

text: much

text: of

text: history

text: albeit

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: different

text: capacities

text: within

text: the

text: political

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: structure

text: of

text: states

text: or

text: ungoverned

text: territories

text: Yang Yuting ( simplified Chinese : p = Yáng Ytíng ; traditional Chinese :  ; Wade -- Giles : Yang Yü - t'ing ; 1886 -- January 1929 ) , was a Fengtien clique warlord and Military Governor of Jiangsu during early Republic of China from August to November 1925 . He was executed by Zhang Xueliang during a political power struggle .

text: Yang

text: Yuting

text: simplified

text: Chinese

text: Yáng

text: Ytíng

text: traditional

text: Chinese

text: Wade

text: Giles

text: Yang

text: Yü

text: t'ing

text: January

text: was

text: Fengtien

text: clique

text: warlord

text: and

text: Military

text: Governor

text: of

text: Jiangsu

text: during

text: early

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: from

text: August

text: to

text: November

text: He

text: was

text: executed

text: by

text: Zhang

text: Xueliang

text: during

text: political

text: power

text: struggle

text: Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is the geopolitical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It generally excludes the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau; however, it usually includes Hainan. The term "mainland China", which avoids calling the area simply "China" and thereby recognizing the founding of the PRC as "the" "China", was coined by the Kuomintang (KMT) after receiving control of Taiwan from Japan after World War II. By 1949, the KMT-led Republic of China (ROC) government was defeated in the Chinese Civil War in mainland China and fled to the island of Taiwan where the KMT pledged to "retake the Mainland". The KMT considers both sides of the Taiwan Strait (including Taiwan), as (one) "China" and one country, whereas Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) considers only mainland China as "China" and Taiwan (ROC) as "Taiwan" and maintains that they are different countries.

text: Mainland

text: China

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Chinese

text: mainland

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: mainland

text: is

text: the

text: geopolitical

text: area

text: under

text: the

text: direct

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: It

text: generally

text: excludes

text: the

text: Special

text: Administrative

text: Regions

text: of

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: however

text: it

text: usually

text: includes

text: Hainan

text: The

text: term

text: mainland

text: China

text: which

text: avoids

text: calling

text: the

text: area

text: simply

text: China

text: and

text: thereby

text: recognizing

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: PRC

text: as

text: the

text: China

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: KMT

text: after

text: receiving

text: control

text: of

text: Taiwan

text: from

text: Japan

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: By

text: the

text: KMT

text: led

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: ROC

text: government

text: was

text: defeated

text: in

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Civil

text: War

text: in

text: mainland

text: China

text: and

text: fled

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Taiwan

text: where

text: the

text: KMT

text: pledged

text: to

text: retake

text: the

text: Mainland

text: The

text: KMT

text: considers

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Taiwan

text: Strait

text: including

text: Taiwan

text: as

text: one

text: China

text: and

text: one

text: country

text: whereas

text: Taiwan

text: 's

text: Democratic

text: Progressive

text: Party

text: DPP

text: considers

text: only

text: mainland

text: China

text: as

text: China

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: ROC

text: as

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: maintains

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: different

text: countries

text: Zhang Zuolin ((18751928) was the warlord of Manchuria from 1916 to 1928 (see Warlord Era in China). He successfully invaded China proper in October 1924 in the Second Zhili-Fengtian War. He gained control of Peking, including China's internationally recognized government, in April 1926. The economy of Manchuria, the basis of Zhang's power, was overtaxed by his adventurism and collapsed in the winter of 1927-1928. Zhang was defeated by the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek in May 1928. He was killed by a bomb planted by a Japanese Kwantung Army officer on 4 June 1928. Although Zhang had been Japan's proxy in China, Japanese militarists were infuriated by his failure to stop the advance of the Nationalists.

text: Zhang

text: Zuolin

text: was

text: the

text: warlord

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: from

text: to

text: see

text: Warlord

text: Era

text: in

text: China

text: He

text: successfully

text: invaded

text: China

text: proper

text: in

text: October

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: Zhili

text: Fengtian

text: War

text: He

text: gained

text: control

text: of

text: Peking

text: including

text: China

text: 's

text: internationally

text: recognized

text: government

text: in

text: April

text: The

text: economy

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: Zhang

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: overtaxed

text: by

text: his

text: adventurism

text: and

text: collapsed

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: of

text: Zhang

text: was

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Nationalists

text: under

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: in

text: May

text: He

text: was

text: killed

text: by

text: bomb

text: planted

text: by

text: Japanese

text: Kwantung

text: Army

text: officer

text: on

text: June

text: Although

text: Zhang

text: had

text: been

text: Japan

text: 's

text: proxy

text: in

text: China

text: Japanese

text: militarists

text: were

text: infuriated

text: by

text: his

text: failure

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: Nationalists

text: A province is almost always an administrative division, within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman "provincia", which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries, and in those with no actual provinces, it has come to mean "outside the capital city". While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of federal authority, especially in Canada. In other countries, like China, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.

text: province

text: is

text: almost

text: always

text: an

text: administrative

text: division

text: within

text: country

text: or

text: state

text: The

text: term

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: provincia

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: major

text: territorial

text: and

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: 's

text: territorial

text: possessions

text: outside

text: Italy

text: The

text: term

text: province

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: adopted

text: by

text: many

text: countries

text: and

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: no

text: actual

text: provinces

text: it

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: mean

text: outside

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: While

text: some

text: provinces

text: were

text: produced

text: artificially

text: by

text: colonial

text: powers

text: others

text: were

text: formed

text: around

text: local

text: groups

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: ethnic

text: identities

text: Many

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: powers

text: independent

text: of

text: federal

text: authority

text: especially

text: in

text: Canada

text: In

text: other

text: countries

text: like

text: China

text: provinces

text: are

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: central

text: government

text: with

text: very

text: little

text: autonomy

text: Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887  April 5, 1975), also romanized as Jiang Jieshi and known as Jiang Zhongzheng, was a Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975. Chiang was an influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, and was a close ally of Sun Yat-sen's. He became the Commandant of the Kuomintang's Whampoa Military Academy and took Sun's place as leader of the KMT, following the Canton Coup in early 1926. Having neutralized the party's left wing, Chiang then led Sun's long-postponed Northern Expedition, conquering or reaching accommodations with China's many warlords.

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: October

text: April

text: also

text: romanized

text: as

text: Jiang

text: Jieshi

text: and

text: known

text: as

text: Jiang

text: Zhongzheng

text: was

text: Chinese

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: leader

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: between

text: and

text: Chiang

text: was

text: an

text: influential

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: KMT

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Nationalist

text: Party

text: and

text: was

text: close

text: ally

text: of

text: Sun

text: Yat

text: sen

text: 's

text: He

text: became

text: the

text: Commandant

text: of

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: 's

text: Whampoa

text: Military

text: Academy

text: and

text: took

text: Sun

text: 's

text: place

text: as

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: KMT

text: following

text: the

text: Canton

text: Coup

text: in

text: early

text: Having

text: neutralized

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: left

text: wing

text: Chiang

text: then

text: led

text: Sun

text: 's

text: long

text: postponed

text: Northern

text: Expedition

text: conquering

text: or

text: reaching

text: accommodations

text: with

text: China

text: 's

text: many

text: warlords

text: A militia is generally an army or some other type of fighting unit that is composed of non-professional fighters, citizens of a nation or subjects of a state or government who can be called upon to enter a combat situation, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel, or historically, members of the warrior nobility class (e.g., knights or samurai). Unable to hold their own against properly trained and equipped professional forces, it is common for militias to engage in guerrilla warfare or defense instead of being used in open attacks and offensive actions.

text: militia

text: is

text: generally

text: an

text: army

text: or

text: some

text: other

text: type

text: of

text: fighting

text: unit

text: that

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: non

text: professional

text: fighters

text: citizens

text: of

text: nation

text: or

text: subjects

text: of

text: state

text: or

text: government

text: who

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: upon

text: to

text: enter

text: combat

text: situation

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: professional

text: force

text: of

text: regular

text: full

text: time

text: military

text: personnel

text: or

text: historically

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: warrior

text: nobility

text: class

text: e.g.

text: knights

text: or

text: samurai

text: Unable

text: to

text: hold

text: their

text: own

text: against

text: properly

text: trained

text: and

text: equipped

text: professional

text: forces

text: it

text: is

text: common

text: for

text: militias

text: to

text: engage

text: in

text: guerrilla

text: warfare

text: or

text: defense

text: instead

text: of

text: being

text: used

text: in

text: open

text: attacks

text: and

text: offensive

text: actions

text: Jiangsu, formerly romanized as Kiangsu, is an eastern-central coastal province of the People's Republic of China, one of the leading provinces in manufacturing electronics and apparel items, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the third smallest, but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People's Republic of China. Jiangsu has the second-highest GDP of Chinese provinces, after Guangdong. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over along the Yellow Sea, and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province.

text: Jiangsu

text: formerly

text: romanized

text: as

text: Kiangsu

text: is

text: an

text: eastern

text: central

text: coastal

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: provinces

text: in

text: manufacturing

text: electronics

text: and

text: apparel

text: items

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: Jiangsu

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: smallest

text: but

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Jiangsu

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: GDP

text: of

text: Chinese

text: provinces

text: after

text: Guangdong

text: Jiangsu

text: borders

text: Shandong

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Anhui

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Zhejiang

text: and

text: Shanghai

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Jiangsu

text: has

text: coastline

text: of

text: over

text: along

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: The Xi'an Incident of December 1936, an important turning point in Chinese modern history, took place in the city of Xi'an during the Chinese Civil War between the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) and the insurgent Chinese Communist Party and just before the Second Sino-Japanese War. On 12 December 1936, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang, was arrested by Marshal Zhang Xueliang, a former warlord of Manchuria and Commander of the North Eastern Army who had fought against the Japanese occupation of Manchuria and subsequent expansion into Inner Mongolia by the Japanese and troops of the puppet state of Manchukuo that had been created in Manchuria.

text: The

text: Xi'an

text: Incident

text: of

text: December

text: an

text: important

text: turning

text: point

text: in

text: Chinese

text: modern

text: history

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Xi'an

text: during

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Civil

text: War

text: between

text: the

text: ruling

text: Kuomintang

text: KMT

text: and

text: the

text: insurgent

text: Chinese

text: Communist

text: Party

text: and

text: just

text: before

text: the

text: Second

text: Sino

text: Japanese

text: War

text: On

text: December

text: Generalissimo

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: was

text: arrested

text: by

text: Marshal

text: Zhang

text: Xueliang

text: former

text: warlord

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Eastern

text: Army

text: who

text: had

text: fought

text: against

text: the

text: Japanese

text: occupation

text: of

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: subsequent

text: expansion

text: into

text: Inner

text: Mongolia

text: by

text: the

text: Japanese

text: and

text: troops

text: of

text: the

text: puppet

text: state

text: of

text: Manchukuo

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: created

text: in

text: Manchuria

text: Nanjing, formerly romanized as Nanking and Nankin, is the city situated in the heartland of lower Yangtze River region in China, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province of People's Republic of China and the second largest city in the east China region, with acreage about 6600 square kilometers and a total population of 8,230,000. The inner area of Nanjing enclosed by the city wall is Nanjing City (), with acreage of 55 km, while Nanjing Metropolitan Region includes surrounding cities and areas, with acreage over 60 thousand km and population over 30 million.

text: Nanjing

text: formerly

text: romanized

text: as

text: Nanking

text: and

text: Nankin

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: heartland

text: of

text: lower

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: region

text: in

text: China

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: major

text: centre

text: of

text: culture

text: education

text: research

text: politics

text: economy

text: transport

text: networks

text: and

text: tourism

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Jiangsu

text: province

text: of

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: China

text: region

text: with

text: acreage

text: about

text: square

text: kilometers

text: and

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: inner

text: area

text: of

text: Nanjing

text: enclosed

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: wall

text: is

text: Nanjing

text: City

text: with

text: acreage

text: of

text: km

text: while

text: Nanjing

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: includes

text: surrounding

text: cities

text: and

text: areas

text: with

text: acreage

text: over

text: thousand

text: km

text: and

text: population

text: over

text: million

text: Guangdong (Simplified ) is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. Formerly romanised as Canton or Kwangtung, Guangdong surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79.1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year; the total population was 104,303,132 in the 2010 census, accounting for 7.79 percent of Mainland China's population. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China. The population increase since the census has been modest, the province at 2014 end had 107,240,000 people.

text: Guangdong

text: Simplified

text: is

text: province

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Formerly

text: romanised

text: as

text: Canton

text: or

text: Kwangtung

text: Guangdong

text: surpassed

text: Henan

text: and

text: Sichuan

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: in

text: China

text: in

text: January

text: registering

text: million

text: permanent

text: residents

text: and

text: million

text: migrants

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: six

text: months

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: accounting

text: for

text: percent

text: of

text: Mainland

text: China

text: 's

text: population

text: The

text: provincial

text: capital

text: Guangzhou

text: and

text: economic

text: hub

text: Shenzhen

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: important

text: cities

text: in

text: China

text: The

text: population

text: increase

text: since

text: the

text: census

text: has

text: been

text: modest

text: the

text: province

text: at

text: end

text: had

text: people

text: Zhang Xueliang or Chang Hsueh-liang or Chang Hsiao-liang (3 June 1901  15 October 2001), occasionally called Peter Hsueh Liang Chang and nicknamed the "Young Marshal" (), was the effective ruler of northeast China and much of northern China after the assassination of his father, Zhang Zuolin, by the Japanese on 4 June 1928. He was an instigator of the 1936 Xi'an Incident, in which Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of China's ruling party, was arrested in order to force him to enter into a truce with the insurgent Chinese Communist Party and form a united front against Japan, which had occupied Manchuria. As a result, he spent over fifty years under house arrest, first in mainland China and then in Taiwan. He is regarded by the Chinese Communist Party as a patriotic hero.

text: Zhang

text: Xueliang

text: or

text: Chang

text: Hsueh

text: liang

text: or

text: Chang

text: Hsiao

text: liang

text: June

text: October

text: occasionally

text: called

text: Peter

text: Hsueh

text: Liang

text: Chang

text: and

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: Young

text: Marshal

text: was

text: the

text: effective

text: ruler

text: of

text: northeast

text: China

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: northern

text: China

text: after

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Zhang

text: Zuolin

text: by

text: the

text: Japanese

text: on

text: June

text: He

text: was

text: an

text: instigator

text: of

text: the

text: Xi'an

text: Incident

text: in

text: which

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: China

text: 's

text: ruling

text: party

text: was

text: arrested

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: force

text: him

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: truce

text: with

text: the

text: insurgent

text: Chinese

text: Communist

text: Party

text: and

text: form

text: united

text: front

text: against

text: Japan

text: which

text: had

text: occupied

text: Manchuria

text: As

text: result

text: he

text: spent

text: over

text: fifty

text: years

text: under

text: house

text: arrest

text: first

text: in

text: mainland

text: China

text: and

text: then

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: He

text: is

text: regarded

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Communist

text: Party

text: as

text: patriotic

text: hero

question: occupation yang yuting

answer: military personnel

text: military personnel