text: An audience is a group of people who participate in a show or encounter a work of art, literature (in which they are called "readers"), theatre, music (in which they are called "listeners"), video games (in which they are called "players"), or academics in any medium. Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art; some events invite overt audience participation and others allowing only modest clapping and criticism and reception.

text: An

text: audience

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: participate

text: in

text: show

text: or

text: encounter

text: work

text: of

text: art

text: literature

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: readers

text: theatre

text: music

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: listeners

text: video

text: games

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: players

text: or

text: academics

text: in

text: any

text: medium

text: Audience

text: members

text: participate

text: in

text: different

text: ways

text: in

text: different

text: kinds

text: of

text: art

text: some

text: events

text: invite

text: overt

text: audience

text: participation

text: and

text: others

text: allowing

text: only

text: modest

text: clapping

text: and

text: criticism

text: and

text: reception

text: Performance art is a performance presented to an audience within a fine art context, traditionally interdisciplinary. Performance may be either scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated; spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation. The performance can be live or via media; the performer can be present or absent. It can be any situation that involves four basic elements: time, space, the performer's body, or presence in a medium, and a relationship between performer and audience. Performance art can happen anywhere, in any type of venue or setting and for any length of time. The actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work.

text: Performance

text: art

text: is

text: performance

text: presented

text: to

text: an

text: audience

text: within

text: fine

text: art

text: context

text: traditionally

text: interdisciplinary

text: Performance

text: may

text: be

text: either

text: scripted

text: or

text: unscripted

text: random

text: or

text: carefully

text: orchestrated

text: spontaneous

text: or

text: otherwise

text: carefully

text: planned

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: audience

text: participation

text: The

text: performance

text: can

text: be

text: live

text: or

text: via

text: media

text: the

text: performer

text: can

text: be

text: present

text: or

text: absent

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: any

text: situation

text: that

text: involves

text: four

text: basic

text: elements

text: time

text: space

text: the

text: performer

text: 's

text: body

text: or

text: presence

text: in

text: medium

text: and

text: relationship

text: between

text: performer

text: and

text: audience

text: Performance

text: art

text: can

text: happen

text: anywhere

text: in

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: venue

text: or

text: setting

text: and

text: for

text: any

text: length

text: of

text: time

text: The

text: actions

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: group

text: at

text: particular

text: place

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: time

text: constitute

text: the

text: work

text: A television program is a segment of content intended for broadcast on over-the-air, cable television, or Internet television, other than a commercial, trailer, or any other segment of content not serving as attraction for viewership. It may be a single production, or more commonly, a series of related productions (also called a television series or a television show).

text: television

text: program

text: is

text: segment

text: of

text: content

text: intended

text: for

text: broadcast

text: on

text: over

text: the

text: air

text: cable

text: television

text: or

text: Internet

text: television

text: other

text: than

text: commercial

text: trailer

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: segment

text: of

text: content

text: not

text: serving

text: as

text: attraction

text: for

text: viewership

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: single

text: production

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: series

text: of

text: related

text: productions

text: also

text: called

text: television

text: series

text: or

text: television

text: show

text: Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other. The illusionas in motion pictures in generalis thought to rely on the phi phenomenon. Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape, digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation, and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced.

text: Animation

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: making

text: the

text: illusion

text: of

text: motion

text: and

text: the

text: illusion

text: of

text: change

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: the

text: rapid

text: display

text: of

text: sequence

text: of

text: images

text: that

text: minimally

text: differ

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: The

text: illusionas

text: in

text: motion

text: pictures

text: in

text: generalis

text: thought

text: to

text: rely

text: on

text: the

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: Animators

text: are

text: artists

text: who

text: specialize

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: animation

text: Animation

text: can

text: be

text: recorded

text: with

text: either

text: analogue

text: media

text: flip

text: book

text: motion

text: picture

text: film

text: video

text: tape

text: digital

text: media

text: including

text: formats

text: with

text: animated

text: GIF

text: Flash

text: animation

text: and

text: digital

text: video

text: To

text: display

text: animation

text: digital

text: camera

text: computer

text: or

text: projector

text: are

text: used

text: along

text: with

text: new

text: technologies

text: that

text: are

text: produced

text: A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques; by means of CGI and computer animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects.

text: film

text: also

text: called

text: movie

text: motion

text: picture

text: theatrical

text: film

text: or

text: photoplay

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: still

text: images

text: which

text: when

text: shown

text: on

text: screen

text: creates

text: the

text: illusion

text: of

text: moving

text: images

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: This

text: optical

text: illusion

text: causes

text: the

text: audience

text: to

text: perceive

text: continuous

text: motion

text: between

text: separate

text: objects

text: viewed

text: rapidly

text: in

text: succession

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: is

text: both

text: an

text: art

text: and

text: an

text: industry

text: film

text: is

text: created

text: by

text: photographing

text: actual

text: scenes

text: with

text: motion

text: picture

text: camera

text: by

text: photographing

text: drawings

text: or

text: miniature

text: models

text: using

text: traditional

text: animation

text: techniques

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: CGI

text: and

text: computer

text: animation

text: or

text: by

text: combination

text: of

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: techniques

text: and

text: other

text: visual

text: effects

text: An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.

text: An

text: actor

text: or

text: actress

text: for

text: females

text: see

text: terminology

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: portrays

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: actor

text: performs

text: in

text: the

text: flesh

text: in

text: the

text: traditional

text: medium

text: of

text: the

text: theatre

text: or

text: in

text: modern

text: mediums

text: such

text: as

text: film

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: The

text: analogous

text: Greek

text: term

text: is

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: answers

text: The

text: actor

text: 's

text: interpretation

text: of

text: their

text: role

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: played

text: whether

text: based

text: on

text: real

text: person

text: or

text: fictional

text: character

text: Interpretation

text: occurs

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: actor

text: is

text: playing

text: themselves

text: as

text: in

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: experimental

text: performance

text: art

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: to

text: act

text: is

text: to

text: create

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text:
Advertising is an audio or visual form of marketing communication that employs an openly sponsored, nonpersonal message to promote or sell a product, service or idea. Sponsors of advertising are often businesses who wish to promote their products or services. Advertising is differentiated from public relations in that an advertiser usually pays for and has control over the message. It is differentiated from personal selling in that the message is nonpersonal, i.e., not directed to a particular individual.
Advertising is communicated through various mass media, including old media such as newspapers, magazines, Television, Radio, outdoor advertising or direct mail; or new media such as search results, blogs, websites or text messages. The actual presentation of the message in a medium is referred to as an advertisement or "ad".

text: Advertising

text: is

text: an

text: audio

text: or

text: visual

text: form

text: of

text: marketing

text: communication

text: that

text: employs

text: an

text: openly

text: sponsored

text: nonpersonal

text: message

text: to

text: promote

text: or

text: sell

text: product

text: service

text: or

text: idea

text: Sponsors

text: of

text: advertising

text: are

text: often

text: businesses

text: who

text: wish

text: to

text: promote

text: their

text: products

text: or

text: services

text: Advertising

text: is

text: differentiated

text: from

text: public

text: relations

text: in

text: that

text: an

text: advertiser

text: usually

text: pays

text: for

text: and

text: has

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: message

text: It

text: is

text: differentiated

text: from

text: personal

text: selling

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: message

text: is

text: nonpersonal

text: i.e.

text: not

text: directed

text: to

text: particular

text: individual

text: Advertising

text: is

text: communicated

text: through

text: various

text: mass

text: media

text: including

text: old

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: newspapers

text: magazines

text: Television

text: Radio

text: outdoor

text: advertising

text: or

text: direct

text: mail

text: or

text: new

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: search

text: results

text: blogs

text: websites

text: or

text: text

text: messages

text: The

text: actual

text: presentation

text: of

text: the

text: message

text: in

text: medium

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: an

text: advertisement

text: or

text: ad

text: Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color "categories", with names such as red, yellow, purple, or bronze. This perception of color derives from the stimulation of cone cells in the human eye by electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of light. Color categories and physical specifications of color are associated with objects through the wavelength of the light that is reflected from them. This reflection is governed by the object's physical properties such as light absorption, emission spectra, etc. Human trichromacy is the basis for all modern color spaces that assign colors numerical coordinates and associate corresponding distances between colors.

text: Color

text: American

text: English

text: or

text: colour

text: Commonwealth

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: characteristic

text: of

text: human

text: visual

text: perception

text: described

text: through

text: color

text: categories

text: with

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: red

text: yellow

text: purple

text: or

text: bronze

text: This

text: perception

text: of

text: color

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: stimulation

text: of

text: cone

text: cells

text: in

text: the

text: human

text: eye

text: by

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: in

text: the

text: spectrum

text: of

text: light

text: Color

text: categories

text: and

text: physical

text: specifications

text: of

text: color

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: objects

text: through

text: the

text: wavelength

text: of

text: the

text: light

text: that

text: is

text: reflected

text: from

text: them

text: This

text: reflection

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: object

text: 's

text: physical

text: properties

text: such

text: as

text: light

text: absorption

text: emission

text: spectra

text: etc

text: Human

text: trichromacy

text: is

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: all

text: modern

text: color

text: spaces

text: that

text: assign

text: colors

text: numerical

text: coordinates

text: and

text: associate

text: corresponding

text: distances

text: between

text: colors

text: Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. It can refer to a television set, a television program ("TV show"), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium, for entertainment, education, news, and advertising.

text: Television

text: or

text: TV

text: is

text: telecommunication

text: medium

text: used

text: for

text: transmitting

text: moving

text: images

text: in

text: monochrome

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: or

text: in

text: color

text: and

text: in

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: dimensions

text: and

text: sound

text: It

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: television

text: set

text: television

text: program

text: TV

text: show

text: or

text: the

text: medium

text: of

text: television

text: transmission

text: Television

text: is

text: mass

text: medium

text: for

text: entertainment

text: education

text: news

text: and

text: advertising

text: NeWS (Network extensible Window System) is a discontinued windowing system developed by Sun Microsystems in the mid-1980s. Originally known as "SunDew", its primary authors were James Gosling and David S. H. Rosenthal. The NeWS interpreter was based on PostScript (as was the later Display PostScript, although the two projects were otherwise unrelated) extending it to allow interaction and multiple "contexts" to support windows. Like PostScript, NeWS could be used as a complete programming language, but unlike PostScript, NeWS could be used to make complete interactive programs with mouse support and a GUI.

text: NeWS

text: Network

text: extensible

text: Window

text: System

text: is

text: discontinued

text: windowing

text: system

text: developed

text: by

text: Sun

text: Microsystems

text: in

text: the

text: Originally

text: known

text: as

text: SunDew

text: its

text: primary

text: authors

text: were

text: James

text: Gosling

text: and

text: David

text: Rosenthal

text: The

text: NeWS

text: interpreter

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: PostScript

text: as

text: was

text: the

text: later

text: Display

text: PostScript

text: although

text: the

text: two

text: projects

text: were

text: otherwise

text: unrelated

text: extending

text: it

text: to

text: allow

text: interaction

text: and

text: multiple

text: contexts

text: to

text: support

text: windows

text: Like

text: PostScript

text: NeWS

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: complete

text: programming

text: language

text: but

text: unlike

text: PostScript

text: NeWS

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: complete

text: interactive

text: programs

text: with

text: mouse

text: support

text: and

text: GUI

text: The phi phenomenon is the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion. Max Wertheimer, one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, defined this phenomenon in 1912. The phi phenomenon and persistence of vision together formed the foundation of Hugo Münsterberg's theory of film and are part of the process of motion perception.

text: The

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: is

text: the

text: optical

text: illusion

text: of

text: perceiving

text: series

text: of

text: still

text: images

text: when

text: viewed

text: in

text: rapid

text: succession

text: as

text: continuous

text: motion

text: Max

text: Wertheimer

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: founders

text: of

text: Gestalt

text: psychology

text: defined

text: this

text: phenomenon

text: in

text: The

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: and

text: persistence

text: of

text: vision

text: together

text: formed

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: Hugo

text: Münsterberg

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: film

text: and

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: motion

text: perception

text: A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every 10 years. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications and other useful information to co-ordinate international practice.

text: census

text: is

text: the

text: procedure

text: of

text: systematically

text: acquiring

text: and

text: recording

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: given

text: population

text: It

text: is

text: regularly

text: occurring

text: and

text: official

text: count

text: of

text: particular

text: population

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: mostly

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: national

text: population

text: and

text: housing

text: censuses

text: other

text: common

text: censuses

text: include

text: agriculture

text: business

text: and

text: traffic

text: censuses

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: defines

text: the

text: essential

text: features

text: of

text: population

text: and

text: housing

text: censuses

text: as

text: individual

text: enumeration

text: universality

text: within

text: defined

text: territory

text: simultaneity

text: and

text: defined

text: periodicity

text: and

text: recommends

text: that

text: population

text: censuses

text: be

text: taken

text: at

text: least

text: every

text: years

text: United

text: Nations

text: recommendations

text: also

text: cover

text: census

text: topics

text: to

text: be

text: collected

text: official

text: definitions

text: classifications

text: and

text: other

text: useful

text: information

text: to

text: co

text: ordinate

text: international

text: practice

text: Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience, or gives pleasure and delight. It can be an idea or a task, but is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an audience's attention. Although people's attention is held by different things, because individuals have different preferences in entertainment, most forms are recognisable and familiar. Storytelling, music, drama, dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were supported in royal courts, developed into sophisticated forms and over time became available to all citizens. The process has been accelerated in modern times by an entertainment industry that records and sells entertainment products. Entertainment evolves and can be adapted to suit any scale, ranging from an individual who chooses a private entertainment from a now enormous array of pre-recorded products; to a banquet adapted for two; to any size or type of party, with appropriate music and dance; to performances intended for thousands; and even for a global audience.

text: Entertainment

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: activity

text: that

text: holds

text: the

text: attention

text: and

text: interest

text: of

text: an

text: audience

text: or

text: gives

text: pleasure

text: and

text: delight

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: an

text: idea

text: or

text: task

text: but

text: is

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: activities

text: or

text: events

text: that

text: have

text: developed

text: over

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: specifically

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: keeping

text: an

text: audience

text: 's

text: attention

text: Although

text: people

text: 's

text: attention

text: is

text: held

text: by

text: different

text: things

text: because

text: individuals

text: have

text: different

text: preferences

text: in

text: entertainment

text: most

text: forms

text: are

text: recognisable

text: and

text: familiar

text: Storytelling

text: music

text: drama

text: dance

text: and

text: different

text: kinds

text: of

text: performance

text: exist

text: in

text: all

text: cultures

text: were

text: supported

text: in

text: royal

text: courts

text: developed

text: into

text: sophisticated

text: forms

text: and

text: over

text: time

text: became

text: available

text: to

text: all

text: citizens

text: The

text: process

text: has

text: been

text: accelerated

text: in

text: modern

text: times

text: by

text: an

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: that

text: records

text: and

text: sells

text: entertainment

text: products

text: Entertainment

text: evolves

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: adapted

text: to

text: suit

text: any

text: scale

text: ranging

text: from

text: an

text: individual

text: who

text: chooses

text: private

text: entertainment

text: from

text: now

text: enormous

text: array

text: of

text: pre

text: recorded

text: products

text: to

text: banquet

text: adapted

text: for

text: two

text: to

text: any

text: size

text: or

text: type

text: of

text: party

text: with

text: appropriate

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: to

text: performances

text: intended

text: for

text: thousands

text: and

text: even

text: for

text: global

text: audience

text: In filmmaking, visual effects (abbreviated VFX) are the processes by which imagery is created and/or manipulated outside the context of a live action shot.

text: In

text: filmmaking

text: visual

text: effects

text: abbreviated

text: VFX

text: are

text: the

text: processes

text: by

text: which

text: imagery

text: is

text: created

text: and/or

text: manipulated

text: outside

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: live

text: action

text: shot

text: Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form.

text: Radio

text: is

text: the

text: technology

text: of

text: using

text: radio

text: waves

text: to

text: carry

text: information

text: such

text: as

text: sound

text: by

text: systematically

text: modulating

text: properties

text: of

text: electromagnetic

text: energy

text: waves

text: transmitted

text: through

text: space

text: such

text: as

text: their

text: amplitude

text: frequency

text: phase

text: or

text: pulse

text: width

text: When

text: radio

text: waves

text: strike

text: an

text: electrical

text: conductor

text: the

text: oscillating

text: fields

text: induce

text: an

text: alternating

text: current

text: in

text: the

text: conductor

text: The

text: information

text: in

text: the

text: waves

text: can

text: be

text: extracted

text: and

text: transformed

text: back

text: into

text: its

text: original

text: form

text: Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience. The specific place of the performance is also named by the word "theatre" as derived from the Ancient Greek  (théatron, "a place for viewing"), itself from  (theáomai, "to see", "to watch", "to observe").

text: Theatre

text: or

text: theater

text: is

text: collaborative

text: form

text: of

text: fine

text: art

text: that

text: uses

text: live

text: performers

text: typically

text: actors

text: or

text: actresses

text: to

text: present

text: the

text: experience

text: of

text: real

text: or

text: imagined

text: event

text: before

text: live

text: audience

text: in

text: specific

text: place

text: often

text: stage

text: The

text: performers

text: may

text: communicate

text: this

text: experience

text: to

text: the

text: audience

text: through

text: combinations

text: of

text: gesture

text: speech

text: song

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: Elements

text: of

text: art

text: such

text: as

text: painted

text: scenery

text: and

text: stagecraft

text: such

text: as

text: lighting

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: enhance

text: the

text: physicality

text: presence

text: and

text: immediacy

text: of

text: the

text: experience

text: The

text: specific

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: performance

text: is

text: also

text: named

text: by

text: the

text: word

text: theatre

text: as

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: théatron

text: place

text: for

text: viewing

text: itself

text: from

text: theáomai

text: to

text: see

text: to

text: watch

text: to

text: observe

text:
Minnesota (locally ) is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States. Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11, 1858, created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory. The state has a large number of lakes, and is known by the slogan "Land of 10,000 Lakes". Its official motto is "L'Étoile du Nord" (French: "Star of the North").
Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states; nearly 60 percent of its residents live in the MinneapolisSaint Paul metropolitan area (known as the "Twin Cities"), the center of transportation, business, industry, education, and government and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now partially cleared, farmed and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation.
Minnesota is known for its progressive political orientation and its high rate of civic participation and voter turnout. Until European settlement, Minnesota was inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the large majority of the European settlers emigrated from Scandinavia and Germany, and the state remains a center of Scandinavian American and German American culture. In recent decades, immigration from Asia, the Horn of Africa, and Latin America has broadened its historic demographic and cultural composition. Minnesota's standard of living index is among the highest in the United States, and the state is also among the best-educated and wealthiest in the nation.

text: Minnesota

text: locally

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: midwestern

text: and

text: northern

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Minnesota

text: was

text: admitted

text: as

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: on

text: May

text: created

text: from

text: the

text: eastern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Minnesota

text: Territory

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: lakes

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: slogan

text: Land

text: of

text: Lakes

text: Its

text: official

text: motto

text: is

text: L'Étoile

text: du

text: Nord

text: French

text: Star

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Minnesota

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: nearly

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: residents

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: MinneapolisSaint

text: Paul

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Twin

text: Cities

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: transportation

text: business

text: industry

text: education

text: and

text: government

text: and

text: home

text: to

text: an

text: internationally

text: known

text: arts

text: community

text: The

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: consists

text: of

text: western

text: prairies

text: now

text: given

text: over

text: to

text: intensive

text: agriculture

text: deciduous

text: forests

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: now

text: partially

text: cleared

text: farmed

text: and

text: settled

text: and

text: the

text: less

text: populated

text: North

text: Woods

text: used

text: for

text: mining

text: forestry

text: and

text: recreation

text: Minnesota

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: progressive

text: political

text: orientation

text: and

text: its

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: civic

text: participation

text: and

text: voter

text: turnout

text: Until

text: European

text: settlement

text: Minnesota

text: was

text: inhabited

text: by

text: the

text: Dakota

text: and

text: Ojibwe

text: Anishinaabe

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: the

text: large

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: settlers

text: emigrated

text: from

text: Scandinavia

text: and

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: remains

text: center

text: of

text: Scandinavian

text: American

text: and

text: German

text: American

text: culture

text: In

text: recent

text: decades

text: immigration

text: from

text: Asia

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: has

text: broadened

text: its

text: historic

text: demographic

text: and

text: cultural

text: composition

text: Minnesota

text: 's

text: standard

text: of

text: living

text: index

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: highest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: also

text: among

text: the

text: best

text: educated

text: and

text: wealthiest

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images. The more general term computer-generated imagery (CGI) encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation "only" refers to the moving images. Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics, although 2D computer graphics are still used for stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster real-time renderings. Sometimes, the target of the animation is the computer itself, but sometimes film as well.

text: Computer

text: animation

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: used

text: for

text: generating

text: animated

text: images

text: The

text: more

text: general

text: term

text: computer

text: generated

text: imagery

text: CGI

text: encompasses

text: both

text: static

text: scenes

text: and

text: dynamic

text: images

text: while

text: computer

text: animation

text: only

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: moving

text: images

text: Modern

text: computer

text: animation

text: usually

text: uses

text: computer

text: graphics

text: although

text: computer

text: graphics

text: are

text: still

text: used

text: for

text: stylistic

text: low

text: bandwidth

text: and

text: faster

text: real

text: time

text: renderings

text: Sometimes

text: the

text: target

text: of

text: the

text: animation

text: is

text: the

text: computer

text: itself

text: but

text: sometimes

text: film

text: as

text: well

text: An ion is an atom or a molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a net positive or negative electrical charge. Ions can be created, by either chemical or physical means, via ionization.

text: An

text: ion

text: is

text: an

text: atom

text: or

text: molecule

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: electrons

text: is

text: not

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: giving

text: the

text: atom

text: or

text: molecule

text: net

text: positive

text: or

text: negative

text: electrical

text: charge

text: Ions

text: can

text: be

text: created

text: by

text: either

text: chemical

text: or

text: physical

text: means

text: via

text: ionization

text: Monochrome describes paintings, drawings, design, or photographs in one color or values of one color. A monochromatic object or image reflects colors in shades of limited colors or hues. Images using only shades of grey (with or without black or white) are called grayscale or black-and-white. However, scientifically speaking, monochromatic light refers to visible light of a narrow band of wavelengths (see spectral color).

text: Monochrome

text: describes

text: paintings

text: drawings

text: design

text: or

text: photographs

text: in

text: one

text: color

text: or

text: values

text: of

text: one

text: color

text: monochromatic

text: object

text: or

text: image

text: reflects

text: colors

text: in

text: shades

text: of

text: limited

text: colors

text: or

text: hues

text: Images

text: using

text: only

text: shades

text: of

text: grey

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: black

text: or

text: white

text: are

text: called

text: grayscale

text: or

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: However

text: scientifically

text: speaking

text: monochromatic

text: light

text: refers

text: to

text: visible

text: light

text: of

text: narrow

text: band

text: of

text: wavelengths

text: see

text: spectral

text: color

text: A performance, in the performing arts, generally comprises an event in which a performer or group of performers present one or more works of art to an audience. Usually the performers participate in rehearsals beforehand. Afterwards audience members often applaud.

text: performance

text: in

text: the

text: performing

text: arts

text: generally

text: comprises

text: an

text: event

text: in

text: which

text: performer

text: or

text: group

text: of

text: performers

text: present

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: to

text: an

text: audience

text: Usually

text: the

text: performers

text: participate

text: in

text: rehearsals

text: beforehand

text: Afterwards

text: audience

text: members

text: often

text: applaud

text: Tony Papenfuss ( born March 26 , 1950 in Robbinsdale , Minnesota ) is an American television and film actor . Papenfuss is best known for his role as one of the brothers Darryl on Newhart . He was `` my brother Darryl '' , the one with the straighter , darker hair . He reprised this role as a guest - star on an episode of Coach . Before his appearance on Newhart , he also had minor roles in Escape from New York and Firefox . After Newhart , Papenfuss guest starred on many television shows , including Seinfeld , Star Trek : Deep Space Nine , Murphy Brown , Roswell , and Providence . He also appeared in several films , including How to Kill a Mockingbird , Factotum , and Sweet Land . His most recent projects include The Completely Remarkable , Utterly Fabulous Transformation of a Regular Joe and Holiday Beach . Of his role in Newhart , John Voldstad , who played the other brother who never talked , said he and Papenfuss came up with imaginary scripts that represented what the brothers were thinking . The casting director `` knew we could look like we were n't just standing there . We could look like we had something going on in our minds . '' After Newhart , Papenfuss toured with his co-stars William Sanderson and Voldstad . Voldstad also continues to act and appear at conventions ; he and Papenfuss attended Altoona Day in May 2014 . Voldstad said , `` I talk to him pretty regularly . Me and Tony are like brothers . ''

text: Tony

text: Papenfuss

text: born

text: March

text: in

text: Robbinsdale

text: Minnesota

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: and

text: film

text: actor

text: Papenfuss

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: brothers

text: Darryl

text: on

text: Newhart

text: He

text: was

text: my

text: brother

text: Darryl

text: the

text: one

text: with

text: the

text: straighter

text: darker

text: hair

text: He

text: reprised

text: this

text: role

text: as

text: guest

text: star

text: on

text: an

text: episode

text: of

text: Coach

text: Before

text: his

text: appearance

text: on

text: Newhart

text: he

text: also

text: had

text: minor

text: roles

text: in

text: Escape

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: Firefox

text: After

text: Newhart

text: Papenfuss

text: guest

text: starred

text: on

text: many

text: television

text: shows

text: including

text: Seinfeld

text: Star

text: Trek

text: Deep

text: Space

text: Nine

text: Murphy

text: Brown

text: Roswell

text: and

text: Providence

text: He

text: also

text: appeared

text: in

text: several

text: films

text: including

text: How

text: to

text: Kill

text: Mockingbird

text: Factotum

text: and

text: Sweet

text: Land

text: His

text: most

text: recent

text: projects

text: include

text: The

text: Completely

text: Remarkable

text: Utterly

text: Fabulous

text: Transformation

text: of

text: Regular

text: Joe

text: and

text: Holiday

text: Beach

text: Of

text: his

text: role

text: in

text: Newhart

text: John

text: Voldstad

text: who

text: played

text: the

text: other

text: brother

text: who

text: never

text: talked

text: said

text: he

text: and

text: Papenfuss

text: came

text: up

text: with

text: imaginary

text: scripts

text: that

text: represented

text: what

text: the

text: brothers

text: were

text: thinking

text: The

text: casting

text: director

text: knew

text: we

text: could

text: look

text: like

text: we

text: were

text: n't

text: just

text: standing

text: there

text: We

text: could

text: look

text: like

text: we

text: had

text: something

text: going

text: on

text: in

text: our

text: minds

text: After

text: Newhart

text: Papenfuss

text: toured

text: with

text: his

text: co

text: stars

text: William

text: Sanderson

text: and

text: Voldstad

text: Voldstad

text: also

text: continues

text: to

text: act

text: and

text: appear

text: at

text: conventions

text: he

text: and

text: Papenfuss

text: attended

text: Altoona

text: Day

text: in

text: May

text: Voldstad

text: said

text: talk

text: to

text: him

text: pretty

text: regularly

text: Me

text: and

text: Tony

text: are

text: like

text: brothers

text: Filmmaking (or in an academic context, film production) is the process of making a film. Filmmaking involves a number of discrete stages including an initial story, idea, or commission, through screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording and reproduction, editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a film release and exhibition. Filmmaking takes place in many places around the world in a range of economic, social, and political contexts, and using a variety of technologies and cinematic techniques. Typically, it involves a large number of people, and can take from a few months to several years to complete.

text: Filmmaking

text: or

text: in

text: an

text: academic

text: context

text: film

text: production

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: making

text: film

text: Filmmaking

text: involves

text: number

text: of

text: discrete

text: stages

text: including

text: an

text: initial

text: story

text: idea

text: or

text: commission

text: through

text: screenwriting

text: casting

text: shooting

text: sound

text: recording

text: and

text: reproduction

text: editing

text: and

text: screening

text: the

text: finished

text: product

text: before

text: an

text: audience

text: that

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: film

text: release

text: and

text: exhibition

text: Filmmaking

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: many

text: places

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: range

text: of

text: economic

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: contexts

text: and

text: using

text: variety

text: of

text: technologies

text: and

text: cinematic

text: techniques

text: Typically

text: it

text: involves

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: and

text: can

text: take

text: from

text: few

text: months

text: to

text: several

text: years

text: to

text: complete

text: Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art, the criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.

text: Art

text: is

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: human

text: activities

text: in

text: creating

text: visual

text: auditory

text: or

text: performing

text: artifacts

text: artworks

text: expressing

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: imaginative

text: or

text: technical

text: skill

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: appreciated

text: for

text: their

text: beauty

text: or

text: emotional

text: power

text: In

text: their

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: these

text: activities

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: art

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: dissemination

text: of

text: art

text: A television set, more commonly called a television, TV, TV set, television receiver, or telly, is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of viewing television. Introduced in the late 1920s in mechanical form, television sets became a popular consumer product after World War II in electronic form, using cathode ray tubes. The addition of color to broadcast television after 1953 further increased the popularity of television sets in the 1960s, and an outdoor antenna became a common feature of suburban homes. The ubiquitous television set became the display device for the first recorded media in the 1970s, such as Betamax, VHS and later DVD. It was also the display device for the first generation of home computers (e.g., Timex Sinclair 1000) and video game consoles (e.g., Atari) in the 1980s. In the 2010s flat panel television incorporating liquid-crystal displays, especially LED-backlit LCDs, largely replaced cathode ray tubes and other displays.

text: television

text: set

text: more

text: commonly

text: called

text: television

text: TV

text: TV

text: set

text: television

text: receiver

text: or

text: telly

text: is

text: device

text: that

text: combines

text: tuner

text: display

text: and

text: loudspeakers

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: viewing

text: television

text: Introduced

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: in

text: mechanical

text: form

text: television

text: sets

text: became

text: popular

text: consumer

text: product

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: electronic

text: form

text: using

text: cathode

text: ray

text: tubes

text: The

text: addition

text: of

text: color

text: to

text: broadcast

text: television

text: after

text: further

text: increased

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: television

text: sets

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: an

text: outdoor

text: antenna

text: became

text: common

text: feature

text: of

text: suburban

text: homes

text: The

text: ubiquitous

text: television

text: set

text: became

text: the

text: display

text: device

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: recorded

text: media

text: in

text: the

text: such

text: as

text: Betamax

text: VHS

text: and

text: later

text: DVD

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: display

text: device

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: generation

text: of

text: home

text: computers

text: e.g.

text: Timex

text: Sinclair

text: and

text: video

text: game

text: consoles

text: e.g.

text: Atari

text: in

text: the

text: In

text: the

text: flat

text: panel

text: television

text: incorporating

text: liquid

text: crystal

text: displays

text: especially

text: LED

text: backlit

text: LCDs

text: largely

text: replaced

text: cathode

text: ray

text: tubes

text: and

text: other

text: displays

text: Robbinsdale is a city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 13,953 at the 2010 census.

text: Robbinsdale

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: Hennepin

text: County

text: Minnesota

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: census

annotations: follows multiple

question: place_of_birth tony papenfuss

answer: minneapolis


text: Northern Savonia is a region in eastern Finland. Kuopio is the largest city in the region.

text: Northern

text: Savonia

text: is

text: region

text: in

text: eastern

text: Finland

text: Kuopio

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: Johannes Lundson ( 12 October 1867 , Leppävirta -- 11 August 1939 , Salo ) was a Finnish politician from Young Finnish Party . Lundson was speaker of the parliament in 1917 and was chairing the session on 6 December 1917 when the declaration of independence was approved .

text: Johannes

text: Lundson

text: October

text: Leppävirta

text: August

text: Salo

text: was

text: Finnish

text: politician

text: from

text: Young

text: Finnish

text: Party

text: Lundson

text: was

text: speaker

text: of

text: the

text: parliament

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: chairing

text: the

text: session

text: on

text: December

text: when

text: the

text: declaration

text: of

text: independence

text: was

text: approved

text: Leppävirta is a municipality of Finland. It is located in the province of Eastern Finland and is part of the Northern Savonia region. The municipality has a population of  () and covers an area of of which  is water. The population density is

text: Leppävirta

text: is

text: municipality

text: of

text: Finland

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Finland

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Savonia

text: region

text: The

text: municipality

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: water

text: The

text: population

text: density

text: is

text: The Grand Duchy of Finland (, , ) was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed between 1809 and 1917 as an autonomous part of the Russian Empire and was ruled by the Russian Emperor as Grand Duke.

text: The

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Finland

text: was

text: the

text: predecessor

text: state

text: of

text: modern

text: Finland

text: It

text: existed

text: between

text: and

text: as

text: an

text: autonomous

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: and

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Russian

text: Emperor

text: as

text: Grand

text: Duke

text: Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.

text: Finland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Finland

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: peninsula

text: with

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Sweden

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Estonia

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Finland

text: is

text: Nordic

text: country

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: Fennoscandia

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: Scandinavia

text: Finland

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: staying

text: roughly

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: level

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: two

text: decades

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The Finnish Party was a Fennoman conservative political party in the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland and independent Finland. Born out of Finland's language strife in the 1860s, the party sought to improve the position of the Finnish language in Finnish society. Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Yrjö Sakari Yrjö-Koskinen, and Johan Richard Danielson-Kalmari were its ideological leaders. The party's chief organ was the Suometar newspaper, later Uusi Suometar, and its members were sometimes called Suometarians ("suomettarelaiset").

text: The

text: Finnish

text: Party

text: was

text: Fennoman

text: conservative

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: autonomous

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Finland

text: and

text: independent

text: Finland

text: Born

text: out

text: of

text: Finland

text: 's

text: language

text: strife

text: in

text: the

text: the

text: party

text: sought

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: Finnish

text: language

text: in

text: Finnish

text: society

text: Johan

text: Vilhelm

text: Snellman

text: Yrjö

text: Sakari

text: Yrjö

text: Koskinen

text: and

text: Johan

text: Richard

text: Danielson

text: Kalmari

text: were

text: its

text: ideological

text: leaders

text: The

text: party

text: 's

text: chief

text: organ

text: was

text: the

text: Suometar

text: newspaper

text: later

text: Uusi

text: Suometar

text: and

text: its

text: members

text: were

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Suometarians

text: suomettarelaiset

text: The Young Finnish Party or Constitutional-Fennoman Party (or ) was a liberal and nationalist political party in the Grand Duchy of Finland. It began as an upper-class reformist movement during the 1870s and formed as a political party in 1894.

text: The

text: Young

text: Finnish

text: Party

text: or

text: Constitutional

text: Fennoman

text: Party

text: or

text: was

text: liberal

text: and

text: nationalist

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Finland

text: It

text: began

text: as

text: an

text: upper

text: class

text: reformist

text: movement

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: formed

text: as

text: political

text: party

text: in

annotations: follows single

question: country_of_citizenship johannes lundson

answer: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland

text: finland


text: Swing Easy ! is the eighth studio album by Frank Sinatra . It was released in 1954 as a 10 `` album ( Capitol H - 528 ) and consisted of only eight songs , as each side of the record only allowed approximately fourteen minutes of music .

text: Swing

text: Easy

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: as

text: album

text: Capitol

text: and

text: consisted

text: of

text: only

text: eight

text: songs

text: as

text: each

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: record

text: only

text: allowed

text: approximately

text: fourteen

text: minutes

text: of

text: music

text: The Voice of Frank Sinatra is the first studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra, released on Columbia Records, catalogue C-112, March 4, 1946. It was first issued as a set of four 78 rpm records totaling eight songs, the individual discs having been previously released as singles, consisting of catalog #s 36762, 36919, 36921, and 37089. The album went to #1 on the fledgling Billboard chart. It stayed at the top for seven weeks in 1946, spending a total of eighteen weeks on the charts. The album chart consisted of just a Top Five until August 1948. The cover depicted to the right is that of the original 78 rpm release cover, also used on the compact disc reissue.

text: The

text: Voice

text: of

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: American

text: singer

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: released

text: on

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: catalogue

text: March

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: issued

text: as

text: set

text: of

text: four

text: rpm

text: records

text: totaling

text: eight

text: songs

text: the

text: individual

text: discs

text: having

text: been

text: previously

text: released

text: as

text: singles

text: consisting

text: of

text: catalog

text: and

text: The

text: album

text: went

text: to

text: on

text: the

text: fledgling

text: Billboard

text: chart

text: It

text: stayed

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: for

text: seven

text: weeks

text: in

text: spending

text: total

text: of

text: eighteen

text: weeks

text: on

text: the

text: charts

text: The

text: album

text: chart

text: consisted

text: of

text: just

text: Top

text: Five

text: until

text: August

text: The

text: cover

text: depicted

text: to

text: the

text: right

text: is

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: rpm

text: release

text: cover

text: also

text: used

text: on

text: the

text: compact

text: disc

text: reissue

text: Columbia Records (also known simply as Columbia) is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment (SME), a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc., the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an earlier enterprise named the American Graphophone Company, the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, being the second major record company to produce recorded records. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of notable singers, instrumentalists, and bands. From 1961 to 1990, its recordings were released outside the U.S. and Canada by the CBS Records label (which was named after the Columbia Broadcasting System) to avoid confusion with the EMI label of the same name, before adopting the Columbia name internationally in 1990. It is one of Sony Music's three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records.

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: also

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Columbia

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: owned

text: by

text: Sony

text: Music

text: Entertainment

text: SME

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: of

text: America

text: Inc.

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: division

text: of

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: evolving

text: from

text: an

text: earlier

text: enterprise

text: named

text: the

text: American

text: Graphophone

text: Company

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: Volta

text: Graphophone

text: Company

text: Columbia

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: brand

text: name

text: in

text: the

text: recorded

text: sound

text: business

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: major

text: record

text: company

text: to

text: produce

text: recorded

text: records

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: release

text: records

text: by

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: notable

text: singers

text: instrumentalists

text: and

text: bands

text: From

text: to

text: its

text: recordings

text: were

text: released

text: outside

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Canada

text: by

text: the

text: CBS

text: Records

text: label

text: which

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: to

text: avoid

text: confusion

text: with

text: the

text: EMI

text: label

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: before

text: adopting

text: the

text: Columbia

text: name

text: internationally

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Sony

text: Music

text: 's

text: three

text: flagship

text: record

text: labels

text: alongside

text: RCA

text: Records

text: and

text: Epic

text: Records

text: Nice 'n' Easy is a 1960 album by Frank Sinatra.

text: Nice

text: Easy

text: is

text: album

text: by

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: Thomas Francis "Tommy" Dorsey, Jr. (November 19, 1905  November 26, 1956) was an American jazz trombonist, composer, conductor and bandleader of the Big Band era. He was known as the "Sentimental Gentleman of Swing", because of his smooth-toned trombone playing. Although he was not known for being a soloist, his technical skill on the trombone gave him renown among other musicians. He was the younger brother of bandleader Jimmy Dorsey. After Dorsey broke with his brother in the mid-1930s, he led an extremely popular and highly successful band from the late 1930s into the 1950s. He is best remembered for standards such as "Opus One", "Song of India", "Marie", "On Treasure Island", and his biggest hit single "I'll Never Smile Again".

text: Thomas

text: Francis

text: Tommy

text: Dorsey

text: Jr.

text: November

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: trombonist

text: composer

text: conductor

text: and

text: bandleader

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Band

text: era

text: He

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sentimental

text: Gentleman

text: of

text: Swing

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: smooth

text: toned

text: trombone

text: playing

text: Although

text: he

text: was

text: not

text: known

text: for

text: being

text: soloist

text: his

text: technical

text: skill

text: on

text: the

text: trombone

text: gave

text: him

text: renown

text: among

text: other

text: musicians

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: younger

text: brother

text: of

text: bandleader

text: Jimmy

text: Dorsey

text: After

text: Dorsey

text: broke

text: with

text: his

text: brother

text: in

text: the

text: he

text: led

text: an

text: extremely

text: popular

text: and

text: highly

text: successful

text: band

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: into

text: the

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: remembered

text: for

text: standards

text: such

text: as

text: Opus

text: One

text: Song

text: of

text: India

text: Marie

text: On

text: Treasure

text: Island

text: and

text: his

text: biggest

text: hit

text: single

text: 'll

text: Never

text: Smile

text: Again

text: In the Wee Small Hours is the ninth studio album by American vocalist Frank Sinatra. It was released in April 1955 on Capitol Records, produced by Voyle Gilmore with arrangements by Nelson Riddle. All the songs on the album deal with specific themes such as loneliness, introspection, lost love, failed relationships, depression and night-life; as a result, "In the Wee Small Hours" has been called one of the first concept albums. The cover artwork reflects these themes, portraying Sinatra on an eerie and deserted street awash in blue-tinged street lights. He had been developing this idea since 1946 with his first album release, "The Voice"; he would successfully continue this "concept" formula with later albums such as "Songs for Swingin' Lovers!" and "Only the Lonely".

text: In

text: the

text: Wee

text: Small

text: Hours

text: is

text: the

text: ninth

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: American

text: vocalist

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: April

text: on

text: Capitol

text: Records

text: produced

text: by

text: Voyle

text: Gilmore

text: with

text: arrangements

text: by

text: Nelson

text: Riddle

text: All

text: the

text: songs

text: on

text: the

text: album

text: deal

text: with

text: specific

text: themes

text: such

text: as

text: loneliness

text: introspection

text: lost

text: love

text: failed

text: relationships

text: depression

text: and

text: night

text: life

text: as

text: result

text: In

text: the

text: Wee

text: Small

text: Hours

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: concept

text: albums

text: The

text: cover

text: artwork

text: reflects

text: these

text: themes

text: portraying

text: Sinatra

text: on

text: an

text: eerie

text: and

text: deserted

text: street

text: awash

text: in

text: blue

text: tinged

text: street

text: lights

text: He

text: had

text: been

text: developing

text: this

text: idea

text: since

text: with

text: his

text: first

text: album

text: release

text: The

text: Voice

text: he

text: would

text: successfully

text: continue

text: this

text: concept

text: formula

text: with

text: later

text: albums

text: such

text: as

text: Songs

text: for

text: Swingin

text: Lovers

text: and

text: Only

text: the

text: Lonely

text: Bobby soxer is a 1940s sociological coinage describing the often very zealous fans of traditional pop music, in particular its creators like singer Frank Sinatra. Bobby soxers were usually teenage girls and young adult women from about 12 to 25. Fashionable adolescent girls wore poodle skirts and rolled down their socks to the ankle. In high schools and colleges, the gymnasium was often used as a dance floor; however, since street shoes and street detritus might damage the polished wood floors, the students were required to remove their shoes and flop dance in their bobby socks, hence the phrase "sock hop".

text: Bobby

text: soxer

text: is

text: sociological

text: coinage

text: describing

text: the

text: often

text: very

text: zealous

text: fans

text: of

text: traditional

text: pop

text: music

text: in

text: particular

text: its

text: creators

text: like

text: singer

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: Bobby

text: soxers

text: were

text: usually

text: teenage

text: girls

text: and

text: young

text: adult

text: women

text: from

text: about

text: to

text: Fashionable

text: adolescent

text: girls

text: wore

text: poodle

text: skirts

text: and

text: rolled

text: down

text: their

text: socks

text: to

text: the

text: ankle

text: In

text: high

text: schools

text: and

text: colleges

text: the

text: gymnasium

text: was

text: often

text: used

text: as

text: dance

text: floor

text: however

text: since

text: street

text: shoes

text: and

text: street

text: detritus

text: might

text: damage

text: the

text: polished

text: wood

text: floors

text: the

text: students

text: were

text: required

text: to

text: remove

text: their

text: shoes

text: and

text: flop

text: dance

text: in

text: their

text: bobby

text: socks

text: hence

text: the

text: phrase

text: sock

text: hop

text: Harry Haag James (March 15, 1916  July 5, 1983) was an American musician who is best known as a trumpet playing band leader who led a big band from 1939 to 1946. He broke up his band for a short period in 1947 but shortly after he re-organized and was active again with his band from then until his death in 1983. He was especially known among musicians for his astonishing technical proficiency as well as his superior tone, and was extremely influential on up and coming trumpet players from the late 1930s into the 1940s. He was also an actor in a number of motion pictures that usually featured his bands in some way.

text: Harry

text: Haag

text: James

text: March

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: who

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: trumpet

text: playing

text: band

text: leader

text: who

text: led

text: big

text: band

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: broke

text: up

text: his

text: band

text: for

text: short

text: period

text: in

text: but

text: shortly

text: after

text: he

text: re

text: organized

text: and

text: was

text: active

text: again

text: with

text: his

text: band

text: from

text: then

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: especially

text: known

text: among

text: musicians

text: for

text: his

text: astonishing

text: technical

text: proficiency

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: his

text: superior

text: tone

text: and

text: was

text: extremely

text: influential

text: on

text: up

text: and

text: coming

text: trumpet

text: players

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: into

text: the

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: an

text: actor

text: in

text: number

text: of

text: motion

text: pictures

text: that

text: usually

text: featured

text: his

text: bands

text: in

text: some

text: way

text: Songs for Swingin' Lovers! is the tenth studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra and his fourth for Capitol Records. It was arranged by Nelson Riddle and released in March 1956. It was the first album ever to top the UK Albums Chart.

text: Songs

text: for

text: Swingin

text: Lovers

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: American

text: singer

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: and

text: his

text: fourth

text: for

text: Capitol

text: Records

text: It

text: was

text: arranged

text: by

text: Nelson

text: Riddle

text: and

text: released

text: in

text: March

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: album

text: ever

text: to

text: top

text: the

text: UK

text: Albums

text: Chart

text: Francis Albert Sinatra (December 12, 1915  May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century. He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150 million records worldwide. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey. Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the "bobby soxers". He released his debut album, "The Voice of Frank Sinatra", in 1946. Sinatra's professional career had stalled by the early 1950s, and he turned to Las Vegas, where he became one of its best known performers as part of the Rat Pack. His career was reborn in 1953 with the success of "From Here to Eternity" and his subsequent Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Sinatra released several critically lauded albums, including "In the Wee Small Hours" (1955), "Songs for Swingin' Lovers!" (1956), "Come Fly with Me" (1958), "Only the Lonely" (1958) and "Nice 'n' Easy" (1960).

text: Francis

text: Albert

text: Sinatra

text: December

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: actor

text: and

text: producer

text: who

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: and

text: influential

text: musical

text: artists

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: He

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: music

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: having

text: sold

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: records

text: worldwide

text: Born

text: in

text: Hoboken

text: New

text: Jersey

text: to

text: Italian

text: immigrants

text: Sinatra

text: began

text: his

text: musical

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: swing

text: era

text: with

text: bandleaders

text: Harry

text: James

text: and

text: Tommy

text: Dorsey

text: Sinatra

text: found

text: success

text: as

text: solo

text: artist

text: after

text: he

text: signed

text: with

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: in

text: becoming

text: the

text: idol

text: of

text: the

text: bobby

text: soxers

text: He

text: released

text: his

text: debut

text: album

text: The

text: Voice

text: of

text: Frank

text: Sinatra

text: in

text: Sinatra

text: 's

text: professional

text: career

text: had

text: stalled

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: he

text: turned

text: to

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: where

text: he

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: best

text: known

text: performers

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Rat

text: Pack

text: His

text: career

text: was

text: reborn

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: From

text: Here

text: to

text: Eternity

text: and

text: his

text: subsequent

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actor

text: Sinatra

text: released

text: several

text: critically

text: lauded

text: albums

text: including

text: In

text: the

text: Wee

text: Small

text: Hours

text: Songs

text: for

text: Swingin

text: Lovers

text: Come

text: Fly

text: with

text: Me

text: Only

text: the

text: Lonely

text: and

text: Nice

text: Easy

text: The swing era (also frequently referred to as the "big band era") was the period of time (around 19351946) when big band swing music was the most popular music in the United States. Though this was its most popular period, the music had actually been around since the late 1920s and early 1930s, being played by black bands led by such artists as Duke Ellington, Jimmie Lunceford, Bennie Moten, Cab Calloway, and Fletcher Henderson, and white bands from the 1920s led by the likes of Russ Morgan and Isham Jones. The era's beginning is sometimes dated from the King of Swing Benny Goodman's performance at the Palomar Ballroom in Los Angeles on August 21, 1935, bringing the music to the rest of the country. 1930s also became the era of other great soloists: the tenor saxist Coleman Hawkins and Chu Berry; the alto saxists Benny Carter and Johnny Hodges; the drummers Gene Krupa, Cozy Cole and Sid Catlett; the pianists Fats Waller and Teddy Wilson; the trumpeters Roy Eldridge, Bunny Berigan, and Rex Stewart.

text: The

text: swing

text: era

text: also

text: frequently

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: big

text: band

text: era

text: was

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: around

text: when

text: big

text: band

text: swing

text: music

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Though

text: this

text: was

text: its

text: most

text: popular

text: period

text: the

text: music

text: had

text: actually

text: been

text: around

text: since

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: being

text: played

text: by

text: black

text: bands

text: led

text: by

text: such

text: artists

text: as

text: Duke

text: Ellington

text: Jimmie

text: Lunceford

text: Bennie

text: Moten

text: Cab

text: Calloway

text: and

text: Fletcher

text: Henderson

text: and

text: white

text: bands

text: from

text: the

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: likes

text: of

text: Russ

text: Morgan

text: and

text: Isham

text: Jones

text: The

text: era

text: 's

text: beginning

text: is

text: sometimes

text: dated

text: from

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Swing

text: Benny

text: Goodman

text: 's

text: performance

text: at

text: the

text: Palomar

text: Ballroom

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: on

text: August

text: bringing

text: the

text: music

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: also

text: became

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: other

text: great

text: soloists

text: the

text: tenor

text: saxist

text: Coleman

text: Hawkins

text: and

text: Chu

text: Berry

text: the

text: alto

text: saxists

text: Benny

text: Carter

text: and

text: Johnny

text: Hodges

text: the

text: drummers

text: Gene

text: Krupa

text: Cozy

text: Cole

text: and

text: Sid

text: Catlett

text: the

text: pianists

text: Fats

text: Waller

text: and

text: Teddy

text: Wilson

text: the

text: trumpeters

text: Roy

text: Eldridge

text: Bunny

text: Berigan

text: and

text: Rex

text: Stewart

annotations: likely multiple

question: record_label swing easy!

answer: capitol records

text: capitol records

text: capitol records