text: California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.

text: California

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: California

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Oregon

text: Nevada

text: and

text: Arizona

text: and

text: shares

text: an

text: international

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Mexican

text: state

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Sacramento

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: California

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: state

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: county

text: by

text: area

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: County

text: Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity which exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. The term arises from a device developed during the broad, physical comedy style known as Commedia dell'arte in 16th Century Italy. The 'slap stick' consists of two thin slats of wood made from splitting a single long stick, which make a 'slap' when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud - and comical - sound.

text: Slapstick

text: is

text: style

text: of

text: humor

text: involving

text: exaggerated

text: physical

text: activity

text: which

text: exceeds

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: normal

text: physical

text: comedy

text: The

text: term

text: arises

text: from

text: device

text: developed

text: during

text: the

text: broad

text: physical

text: comedy

text: style

text: known

text: as

text: Commedia

text: dell'arte

text: in

text: Century

text: Italy

text: The

text: slap

text: stick

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: thin

text: slats

text: of

text: wood

text: made

text: from

text: splitting

text: single

text: long

text: stick

text: which

text: make

text: slap

text: when

text: striking

text: another

text: actor

text: with

text: little

text: force

text: needed

text: to

text: make

text: loud

text: and

text: comical

text: sound

text: Ted Healy (born Ernest Lea Nash, October 1, 1896  December 21, 1937) was an American vaudeville performer, comedian, and actor. Though he is chiefly remembered as the creator of The Three Stooges and the style of slapstick comedy that they later made famous, he had a successful stage and film career of his own, and was cited as a formative influence by several later comedy stars.

text: Ted

text: Healy

text: born

text: Ernest

text: Lea

text: Nash

text: October

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: vaudeville

text: performer

text: comedian

text: and

text: actor

text: Though

text: he

text: is

text: chiefly

text: remembered

text: as

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: The

text: Three

text: Stooges

text: and

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: slapstick

text: comedy

text: that

text: they

text: later

text: made

text: famous

text: he

text: had

text: successful

text: stage

text: and

text: film

text: career

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: and

text: was

text: cited

text: as

text: formative

text: influence

text: by

text: several

text: later

text: comedy

text: stars

text: Leading man or leading gentleman is an informal term for the actor who is the protagonist or plays a love interest to the leading actress in a film or play. A leading man is sometimes an all-rounder; capable of singing, dancing, and acting at a professional level.

text: Leading

text: man

text: or

text: leading

text: gentleman

text: is

text: an

text: informal

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: actor

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: protagonist

text: or

text: plays

text: love

text: interest

text: to

text: the

text: leading

text: actress

text: in

text: film

text: or

text: play

text: leading

text: man

text: is

text: sometimes

text: an

text: all

text: rounder

text: capable

text: of

text: singing

text: dancing

text: and

text: acting

text: at

text: professional

text: level

text: Tom Kennedy ( July 15 , 1885 -- October 6 , 1965 ) was an American actor known for his roles in Hollywood comedies from the silent days , with such producers as Mack Sennett and Hal Roach , mainly supporting lead comedians such as the four Marx Brothers , W. C. Fields , Mabel Normand , Shemp Howard and Laurel and Hardy .

text: Tom

text: Kennedy

text: July

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: roles

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: comedies

text: from

text: the

text: silent

text: days

text: with

text: such

text: producers

text: as

text: Mack

text: Sennett

text: and

text: Hal

text: Roach

text: mainly

text: supporting

text: lead

text: comedians

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: four

text: Marx

text: Brothers

text: Fields

text: Mabel

text: Normand

text: Shemp

text: Howard

text: and

text: Laurel

text: and

text: Hardy

text: A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. The silent film era lasted from 1895 to 1936. In silent films for entertainment, the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, mime and title cards which contain a written indication of the plot or key dialogue. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as film itself, but because of the technical challenges involved, synchronized dialogue was only made practical in the late 1920s with the perfection of the Audion amplifier tube and the introduction of the Vitaphone system. During silent films, a pianist, theatre organist, or, in large cities, even a small orchestra would often play music to accompany the films. Pianists and organists would either play from sheet music or improvise; an orchestra would play from sheet music.

text: silent

text: film

text: is

text: film

text: with

text: no

text: synchronized

text: recorded

text: sound

text: especially

text: with

text: no

text: spoken

text: dialogue

text: The

text: silent

text: film

text: era

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: In

text: silent

text: films

text: for

text: entertainment

text: the

text: dialogue

text: is

text: transmitted

text: through

text: muted

text: gestures

text: mime

text: and

text: title

text: cards

text: which

text: contain

text: written

text: indication

text: of

text: the

text: plot

text: or

text: key

text: dialogue

text: The

text: idea

text: of

text: combining

text: motion

text: pictures

text: with

text: recorded

text: sound

text: is

text: nearly

text: as

text: old

text: as

text: film

text: itself

text: but

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: technical

text: challenges

text: involved

text: synchronized

text: dialogue

text: was

text: only

text: made

text: practical

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: with

text: the

text: perfection

text: of

text: the

text: Audion

text: amplifier

text: tube

text: and

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: Vitaphone

text: system

text: During

text: silent

text: films

text: pianist

text: theatre

text: organist

text: or

text: in

text: large

text: cities

text: even

text: small

text: orchestra

text: would

text: often

text: play

text: music

text: to

text: accompany

text: the

text: films

text: Pianists

text: and

text: organists

text: would

text: either

text: play

text: from

text: sheet

text: music

text: or

text: improvise

text: an

text: orchestra

text: would

text: play

text: from

text: sheet

text: music

text:
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms; in which case it is known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections progress to active disease which, if left untreated, kills about half of those infected. The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic cough with blood-containing sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. The historical term "consumption" came about due to the weight loss. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms.
Tuberculosis is spread through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze. People with latent TB do not spread the disease. Active infection occurs more often in people with HIV/AIDS and in those who smoke. Diagnosis of active TB is based on chest X-rays, as well as microscopic examination and culture of body fluids. Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood tests.
Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases, and vaccination with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine. Those at high risk include household, workplace, and social contacts of people with active TB. Treatment requires the use of multiple antibiotics over a long period of time. Antibiotic resistance is a growing problem with increasing rates of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
One-third of the world's population is thought to be infected with TB. New infections occur in about 1% of the population each year. In 2014, there were 9.6 million cases of active TB which resulted in 1.5 million deaths. More than 95% of deaths occurred in developing countries. The number of new cases each year has decreased since 2000. About 80% of people in many Asian and African countries test positive while 510% of people in the United States population tests positive by the tuberculin test. Tuberculosis has been present in humans since ancient times.

text: Tuberculosis

text: TB

text: is

text: an

text: infectious

text: disease

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: bacterium

text: Mycobacterium

text: tuberculosis

text: MTB

text: Tuberculosis

text: generally

text: affects

text: the

text: lungs

text: but

text: can

text: also

text: affect

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: Most

text: infections

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: symptoms

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: latent

text: tuberculosis

text: About

text: of

text: latent

text: infections

text: progress

text: to

text: active

text: disease

text: which

text: if

text: left

text: untreated

text: kills

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: those

text: infected

text: The

text: classic

text: symptoms

text: of

text: active

text: TB

text: are

text: chronic

text: cough

text: with

text: blood

text: containing

text: sputum

text: fever

text: night

text: sweats

text: and

text: weight

text: loss

text: The

text: historical

text: term

text: consumption

text: came

text: about

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: weight

text: loss

text: Infection

text: of

text: other

text: organs

text: can

text: cause

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: symptoms

text: Tuberculosis

text: is

text: spread

text: through

text: the

text: air

text: when

text: people

text: who

text: have

text: active

text: TB

text: in

text: their

text: lungs

text: cough

text: spit

text: speak

text: or

text: sneeze

text: People

text: with

text: latent

text: TB

text: do

text: not

text: spread

text: the

text: disease

text: Active

text: infection

text: occurs

text: more

text: often

text: in

text: people

text: with

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: and

text: in

text: those

text: who

text: smoke

text: Diagnosis

text: of

text: active

text: TB

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: chest

text: rays

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: microscopic

text: examination

text: and

text: culture

text: of

text: body

text: fluids

text: Diagnosis

text: of

text: latent

text: TB

text: relies

text: on

text: the

text: tuberculin

text: skin

text: test

text: TST

text: or

text: blood

text: tests

text: Prevention

text: of

text: TB

text: involves

text: screening

text: those

text: at

text: high

text: risk

text: early

text: detection

text: and

text: treatment

text: of

text: cases

text: and

text: vaccination

text: with

text: the

text: bacillus

text: Calmette

text: Guérin

text: vaccine

text: Those

text: at

text: high

text: risk

text: include

text: household

text: workplace

text: and

text: social

text: contacts

text: of

text: people

text: with

text: active

text: TB

text: Treatment

text: requires

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: multiple

text: antibiotics

text: over

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: Antibiotic

text: resistance

text: is

text: growing

text: problem

text: with

text: increasing

text: rates

text: of

text: multiple

text: drug

text: resistant

text: tuberculosis

text: MDR

text: TB

text: One

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: infected

text: with

text: TB

text: New

text: infections

text: occur

text: in

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: each

text: year

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: million

text: cases

text: of

text: active

text: TB

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: million

text: deaths

text: More

text: than

text: of

text: deaths

text: occurred

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: new

text: cases

text: each

text: year

text: has

text: decreased

text: since

text: About

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: many

text: Asian

text: and

text: African

text: countries

text: test

text: positive

text: while

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: population

text: tests

text: positive

text: by

text: the

text: tuberculin

text: test

text: Tuberculosis

text: has

text: been

text: present

text: in

text: humans

text: since

text: ancient

text: times

text: Oliver Norvell "Babe" Hardy (born Norvell Hardy; January 18, 1892  August 7, 1957) was an American comic actor famous as one-half of Laurel and Hardy, the classic double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted 25 years, from 1927 to 1951. He appeared with his comedy partner Stan Laurel in 107 short films, feature films, and cameo roles. He was credited with his first film, "Outwitting Dad", in 1914. In some of his early works, he was billed as "Babe Hardy", using his nickname.

text: Oliver

text: Norvell

text: Babe

text: Hardy

text: born

text: Norvell

text: Hardy

text: January

text: August

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: comic

text: actor

text: famous

text: as

text: one

text: half

text: of

text: Laurel

text: and

text: Hardy

text: the

text: classic

text: double

text: act

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: silent

text: films

text: and

text: lasted

text: years

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: appeared

text: with

text: his

text: comedy

text: partner

text: Stan

text: Laurel

text: in

text: short

text: films

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: cameo

text: roles

text: He

text: was

text: credited

text: with

text: his

text: first

text: film

text: Outwitting

text: Dad

text: in

text: In

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: early

text: works

text: he

text: was

text: billed

text: as

text: Babe

text: Hardy

text: using

text: his

text: nickname

text: Stan Laurel (born Arthur Stanley Jefferson; 16 June 1890  23 February 1965) was an English comic actor, writer, and film director, most famous for his role in the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy. He appeared with his comedy partner Oliver Hardy in 107 short films, feature films, and cameo roles.

text: Stan

text: Laurel

text: born

text: Arthur

text: Stanley

text: Jefferson

text: June

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: comic

text: actor

text: writer

text: and

text: film

text: director

text: most

text: famous

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: comedy

text: duo

text: Laurel

text: and

text: Hardy

text: He

text: appeared

text: with

text: his

text: comedy

text: partner

text: Oliver

text: Hardy

text: in

text: short

text: films

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: cameo

text: roles

text: Performance art is a performance presented to an audience within a fine art context, traditionally interdisciplinary. Performance may be either scripted or unscripted, random or carefully orchestrated; spontaneous or otherwise carefully planned with or without audience participation. The performance can be live or via media; the performer can be present or absent. It can be any situation that involves four basic elements: time, space, the performer's body, or presence in a medium, and a relationship between performer and audience. Performance art can happen anywhere, in any type of venue or setting and for any length of time. The actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time constitute the work.

text: Performance

text: art

text: is

text: performance

text: presented

text: to

text: an

text: audience

text: within

text: fine

text: art

text: context

text: traditionally

text: interdisciplinary

text: Performance

text: may

text: be

text: either

text: scripted

text: or

text: unscripted

text: random

text: or

text: carefully

text: orchestrated

text: spontaneous

text: or

text: otherwise

text: carefully

text: planned

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: audience

text: participation

text: The

text: performance

text: can

text: be

text: live

text: or

text: via

text: media

text: the

text: performer

text: can

text: be

text: present

text: or

text: absent

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: any

text: situation

text: that

text: involves

text: four

text: basic

text: elements

text: time

text: space

text: the

text: performer

text: 's

text: body

text: or

text: presence

text: in

text: medium

text: and

text: relationship

text: between

text: performer

text: and

text: audience

text: Performance

text: art

text: can

text: happen

text: anywhere

text: in

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: venue

text: or

text: setting

text: and

text: for

text: any

text: length

text: of

text: time

text: The

text: actions

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: group

text: at

text: particular

text: place

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: time

text: constitute

text: the

text: work

text: The Three Stooges were an American vaudeville and comedy team active from the late 1920s until the late 1960s, best known for their 190 Columbia short subject films that are still syndicated on television. Their hallmark was physical farce and slapstick. In films, the Stooges were commonly known by their first names of "Moe, Larry, and Curly" or "Moe, Larry, and Shemp" (among other lineups, depending on the particular film). There were a total of six stooges over the act's run, with only three active at any given time. Moe and Larry were always present during the film era throughout the ensemble's run of more than forty years.

text: The

text: Three

text: Stooges

text: were

text: an

text: American

text: vaudeville

text: and

text: comedy

text: team

text: active

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: Columbia

text: short

text: subject

text: films

text: that

text: are

text: still

text: syndicated

text: on

text: television

text: Their

text: hallmark

text: was

text: physical

text: farce

text: and

text: slapstick

text: In

text: films

text: the

text: Stooges

text: were

text: commonly

text: known

text: by

text: their

text: first

text: names

text: of

text: Moe

text: Larry

text: and

text: Curly

text: or

text: Moe

text: Larry

text: and

text: Shemp

text: among

text: other

text: lineups

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: particular

text: film

text: There

text: were

text: total

text: of

text: six

text: stooges

text: over

text: the

text: act

text: 's

text: run

text: with

text: only

text: three

text: active

text: at

text: any

text: given

text: time

text: Moe

text: and

text: Larry

text: were

text: always

text: present

text: during

text: the

text: film

text: era

text: throughout

text: the

text: ensemble

text: 's

text: run

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: forty

text: years

text: The Academy Honorary Award, instituted in 1948 for the 21st Academy Awards (previously called the Special Award), is given by the discretion of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to celebrate motion picture achievements that are not covered by existing Academy Awards, although prior winners of competitive Academy Awards are not excluded from receiving the Honorary Award. Unless otherwise specified, Honorary Award recipients receive the same gold Oscar statuettes received by winners of the competitive Academy Awards. Unlike the Special Achievement Award instituted in 1972, those on whom the Academy confers its Honorary Award do not have to meet "the Academy's eligibility year and deadline requirements." Like the Special Achievement Award, the Special Award and Honorary Award have been used to reward significant achievements of the year that did not fit in existing categories, subsequently leading the Academy to establish several new categories, and to honor exceptional career achievements, contributions to the motion picture industry, and service to the Academy. The Academy Honorary Award is often awarded in preference to those with noted achievements in motion pictures who have nevertheless never won an Academy Award. Thus, many of its recipients are Classic Hollywood stars, such as Lillian Gish, Barbara Stanwyck, and Lauren Bacall.

text: The

text: Academy

text: Honorary

text: Award

text: instituted

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: previously

text: called

text: the

text: Special

text: Award

text: is

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: discretion

text: of

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Governors

text: of

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: AMPAS

text: to

text: celebrate

text: motion

text: picture

text: achievements

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: covered

text: by

text: existing

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: although

text: prior

text: winners

text: of

text: competitive

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: are

text: not

text: excluded

text: from

text: receiving

text: the

text: Honorary

text: Award

text: Unless

text: otherwise

text: specified

text: Honorary

text: Award

text: recipients

text: receive

text: the

text: same

text: gold

text: Oscar

text: statuettes

text: received

text: by

text: winners

text: of

text: the

text: competitive

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: Unlike

text: the

text: Special

text: Achievement

text: Award

text: instituted

text: in

text: those

text: on

text: whom

text: the

text: Academy

text: confers

text: its

text: Honorary

text: Award

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: Academy

text: 's

text: eligibility

text: year

text: and

text: deadline

text: requirements

text: Like

text: the

text: Special

text: Achievement

text: Award

text: the

text: Special

text: Award

text: and

text: Honorary

text: Award

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: reward

text: significant

text: achievements

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: fit

text: in

text: existing

text: categories

text: subsequently

text: leading

text: the

text: Academy

text: to

text: establish

text: several

text: new

text: categories

text: and

text: to

text: honor

text: exceptional

text: career

text: achievements

text: contributions

text: to

text: the

text: motion

text: picture

text: industry

text: and

text: service

text: to

text: the

text: Academy

text: The

text: Academy

text: Honorary

text: Award

text: is

text: often

text: awarded

text: in

text: preference

text: to

text: those

text: with

text: noted

text: achievements

text: in

text: motion

text: pictures

text: who

text: have

text: nevertheless

text: never

text: won

text: an

text: Academy

text: Award

text: Thus

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: recipients

text: are

text: Classic

text: Hollywood

text: stars

text: such

text: as

text: Lillian

text: Gish

text: Barbara

text: Stanwyck

text: and

text: Lauren

text: Bacall

text: Laurel and Hardy were a comedy double act during the early Classical Hollywood era of American cinema. The team was composed of thin Englishman Stan Laurel (18901965) and heavyset American Oliver Hardy (18921957). They became well known during the late 1920s through the mid-1940s for their slapstick comedy, with Laurel playing the clumsy and childlike friend of the pompous Hardy. The duo's signature tune is known variously as "The Cuckoo Song", "Ku-Ku", or "The Dance of the Cuckoos". It was played over the opening credits of their films and has become as emblematic of the duo as their bowler hats.

text: Laurel

text: and

text: Hardy

text: were

text: comedy

text: double

text: act

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: Classical

text: Hollywood

text: era

text: of

text: American

text: cinema

text: The

text: team

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: thin

text: Englishman

text: Stan

text: Laurel

text: and

text: heavyset

text: American

text: Oliver

text: Hardy

text: They

text: became

text: well

text: known

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: through

text: the

text: for

text: their

text: slapstick

text: comedy

text: with

text: Laurel

text: playing

text: the

text: clumsy

text: and

text: childlike

text: friend

text: of

text: the

text: pompous

text: Hardy

text: The

text: duo

text: 's

text: signature

text: tune

text: is

text: known

text: variously

text: as

text: The

text: Cuckoo

text: Song

text: Ku

text: Ku

text: or

text: The

text: Dance

text: of

text: the

text: Cuckoos

text: It

text: was

text: played

text: over

text: the

text: opening

text: credits

text: of

text: their

text: films

text: and

text: has

text: become

text: as

text: emblematic

text: of

text: the

text: duo

text: as

text: their

text: bowler

text: hats

text: The bowler hat, also known as a bob hat, bombín or derby (USA), is a hard felt hat with a rounded crown, created originally during 1849. The bowler, a protective and durable hat style, was popular with the British and American working classes during the remaining 19th century, and later with the middle and upper classes in the United Kingdom and the eastern United States.

text: The

text: bowler

text: hat

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: bob

text: hat

text: bombín

text: or

text: derby

text: USA

text: is

text: hard

text: felt

text: hat

text: with

text: rounded

text: crown

text: created

text: originally

text: during

text: The

text: bowler

text: protective

text: and

text: durable

text: hat

text: style

text: was

text: popular

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: working

text: classes

text: during

text: the

text: remaining

text: century

text: and

text: later

text: with

text: the

text: middle

text: and

text: upper

text: classes

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: eastern

text: United

text: States

text: Keystone Studios was an early movie studio founded in Edendale, California (which is now a part of Echo Park) on July 4, 1912 as the Keystone Pictures Studio by Mack Sennett (1880-1960) with backing from actor-writer Adam Kessel (1866-1946) and Charles O. Baumann (1874-1931), owners of the New York Motion Picture Company (founded 1909). The company filmed in and around Glendale and Silver Lake, Los Angeles, California for several years, and its films were distributed by the Mutual Film Corporation between 1912 and 1915.

text: Keystone

text: Studios

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: movie

text: studio

text: founded

text: in

text: Edendale

text: California

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: Echo

text: Park

text: on

text: July

text: as

text: the

text: Keystone

text: Pictures

text: Studio

text: by

text: Mack

text: Sennett

text: with

text: backing

text: from

text: actor

text: writer

text: Adam

text: Kessel

text: and

text: Charles

text: Baumann

text: owners

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Company

text: founded

text: The

text: company

text: filmed

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Glendale

text: and

text: Silver

text: Lake

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: films

text: were

text: distributed

text: by

text: the

text: Mutual

text: Film

text: Corporation

text: between

text: and

text: Shemp Howard (born Samuel Horwitz, March 11, 1895  November 22, 1955) was an American comedian and actor. He was called "Shemp" because "Sam" came out that way in his mother's thick Litvak accent. He is best known today for his role as the third stooge in the Three Stooges, a role he first portrayed at the beginning of the act in the early 1920s (19231932) while the act was still associated with Ted Healy and known as "Ted Healy and his Stooges", and again from 1947 until his death in 1955. Between his times with the Stooges, Shemp had a successful film career as a solo comedian.

text: Shemp

text: Howard

text: born

text: Samuel

text: Horwitz

text: March

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: comedian

text: and

text: actor

text: He

text: was

text: called

text: Shemp

text: because

text: Sam

text: came

text: out

text: that

text: way

text: in

text: his

text: mother

text: 's

text: thick

text: Litvak

text: accent

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: today

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: third

text: stooge

text: in

text: the

text: Three

text: Stooges

text: role

text: he

text: first

text: portrayed

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: act

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: while

text: the

text: act

text: was

text: still

text: associated

text: with

text: Ted

text: Healy

text: and

text: known

text: as

text: Ted

text: Healy

text: and

text: his

text: Stooges

text: and

text: again

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: Between

text: his

text: times

text: with

text: the

text: Stooges

text: Shemp

text: had

text: successful

text: film

text: career

text: as

text: solo

text: comedian

text: A persona (plural personae or personas), in the word's everyday usage, is a social role or a character played by an actor. The word is derived from Latin, where it originally referred to a theatrical mask. The Latin word probably derived from the Etruscan word "phersu", with the same meaning, and that from the Greek  ("prospon"). Its meaning in the latter Roman period changed to indicate a "character" of a theatrical performance or court of law, when it became apparent that different individuals could assume the same role, and legal attributes such as rights, powers, and duties followed the role. The same individuals as actors could play different roles, each with its own legal attributes, sometimes even in the same court appearance. According to other sources, which also admit that the origin of the term is not completely clear, "persona" could possibly be related to the Latin verb "per-sonare", literally: "sounding through", with an obvious link to the above-mentioned theatrical mask.

text: persona

text: plural

text: personae

text: or

text: personas

text: in

text: the

text: word

text: 's

text: everyday

text: usage

text: is

text: social

text: role

text: or

text: character

text: played

text: by

text: an

text: actor

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: Latin

text: where

text: it

text: originally

text: referred

text: to

text: theatrical

text: mask

text: The

text: Latin

text: word

text: probably

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: word

text: phersu

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: meaning

text: and

text: that

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: prospon

text: Its

text: meaning

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: Roman

text: period

text: changed

text: to

text: indicate

text: character

text: of

text: theatrical

text: performance

text: or

text: court

text: of

text: law

text: when

text: it

text: became

text: apparent

text: that

text: different

text: individuals

text: could

text: assume

text: the

text: same

text: role

text: and

text: legal

text: attributes

text: such

text: as

text: rights

text: powers

text: and

text: duties

text: followed

text: the

text: role

text: The

text: same

text: individuals

text: as

text: actors

text: could

text: play

text: different

text: roles

text: each

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: legal

text: attributes

text: sometimes

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: court

text: appearance

text: According

text: to

text: other

text: sources

text: which

text: also

text: admit

text: that

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: not

text: completely

text: clear

text: persona

text: could

text: possibly

text: be

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Latin

text: verb

text: per

text: sonare

text: literally

text: sounding

text: through

text: with

text: an

text: obvious

text: link

text: to

text: the

text: above

text: mentioned

text: theatrical

text: mask

text: Hollywood (, informally Tinseltown ) is an ethnically diverse, densely populated, relatively low-income neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U.S. film industry, including several of its historic studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry and the people in it.

text: Hollywood

text: informally

text: Tinseltown

text: is

text: an

text: ethnically

text: diverse

text: densely

text: populated

text: relatively

text: low

text: income

text: neighborhood

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: region

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: It

text: is

text: notable

text: as

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: film

text: industry

text: including

text: several

text: of

text: its

text: historic

text: studios

text: and

text: its

text: name

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: shorthand

text: reference

text: for

text: the

text: industry

text: and

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: it

text: Harold Eugene "Hal" Roach, Sr. (January 14, 1892  November 2, 1992) was an American film and television producer, director, and actor from the 1910s to the 1990s, best known today for producing the Laurel and Hardy and "Our Gang" film comedy series.

text: Harold

text: Eugene

text: Hal

text: Roach

text: Sr

text: January

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: producer

text: director

text: and

text: actor

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: today

text: for

text: producing

text: the

text: Laurel

text: and

text: Hardy

text: and

text: Our

text: Gang

text: film

text: comedy

text: series

text: William Desmond Taylor (26 April 1872  1 February 1922) was an Irish-born American director and actor. He was a popular figure in the growing Hollywood motion-picture colony of the 1910s and early 1920s, having directed 59 silent films between 1914 and 1922 and acted in 27 between 1913 and 1915.

text: William

text: Desmond

text: Taylor

text: April

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: Irish

text: born

text: American

text: director

text: and

text: actor

text: He

text: was

text: popular

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: growing

text: Hollywood

text: motion

text: picture

text: colony

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: having

text: directed

text: silent

text: films

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: acted

text: in

text: between

text: and

text:
Mabel Normand (November 9, 1892  February 23, 1930) was an American silent film actress, screenwriter, director, and producer. She was a popular star and collaborator of Mack Sennett in his Keystone Studios films and, at the height of her career in the late 1910s and early 1920s, had her own movie studio and production company. Onscreen, she appeared in 12 successful films with Charles Chaplin and 17 with Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, sometimes writing and directing (or co-writing/directing) movies featuring Chaplin as her leading man.
Throughout the 1920s, her name was linked with widely publicized scandals, including the 1922 murder of William Desmond Taylor and the 1924 shooting of Courtland S. Dines, who was shot by Normand's chauffeur using her pistol. She was not a suspect in either crime. Her film career declined, possibly due to both scandals and a recurrence of tuberculosis in 1923, which led to a decline in her health, retirement from films, and her death in 1930 at age 37.

text: Mabel

text: Normand

text: November

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: silent

text: film

text: actress

text: screenwriter

text: director

text: and

text: producer

text: She

text: was

text: popular

text: star

text: and

text: collaborator

text: of

text: Mack

text: Sennett

text: in

text: his

text: Keystone

text: Studios

text: films

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: her

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: had

text: her

text: own

text: movie

text: studio

text: and

text: production

text: company

text: Onscreen

text: she

text: appeared

text: in

text: successful

text: films

text: with

text: Charles

text: Chaplin

text: and

text: with

text: Roscoe

text: Fatty

text: Arbuckle

text: sometimes

text: writing

text: and

text: directing

text: or

text: co

text: writing

text: directing

text: movies

text: featuring

text: Chaplin

text: as

text: her

text: leading

text: man

text: Throughout

text: the

text: her

text: name

text: was

text: linked

text: with

text: widely

text: publicized

text: scandals

text: including

text: the

text: murder

text: of

text: William

text: Desmond

text: Taylor

text: and

text: the

text: shooting

text: of

text: Courtland

text: Dines

text: who

text: was

text: shot

text: by

text: Normand

text: 's

text: chauffeur

text: using

text: her

text: pistol

text: She

text: was

text: not

text: suspect

text: in

text: either

text: crime

text: Her

text: film

text: career

text: declined

text: possibly

text: due

text: to

text: both

text: scandals

text: and

text: recurrence

text: of

text: tuberculosis

text: in

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: decline

text: in

text: her

text: health

text: retirement

text: from

text: films

text: and

text: her

text: death

text: in

text: at

text: age

text: Mack Sennett (born Michael Sinnott; January 17, 1880  November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-born American director and actor and was known as an innovator of slapstick comedy in film. During his lifetime he was known at times as the "King of Comedy". His short "Wrestling Swordfish" was awarded the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1932 and he earned an Academy Honorary Award in 1937.

text: Mack

text: Sennett

text: born

text: Michael

text: Sinnott

text: January

text: November

text: was

text: Canadian

text: born

text: American

text: director

text: and

text: actor

text: and

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: innovator

text: of

text: slapstick

text: comedy

text: in

text: film

text: During

text: his

text: lifetime

text: he

text: was

text: known

text: at

text: times

text: as

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Comedy

text: His

text: short

text: Wrestling

text: Swordfish

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Live

text: Action

text: Short

text: Film

text: in

text: and

text: he

text: earned

text: an

text: Academy

text: Honorary

text: Award

text: in

text: William Claude Dukenfield (January 29, 1880  December 25, 1946), better known as W. C. Fields, was an American comedian, actor, juggler and writer. Fields' comic persona was a misanthropic and hard-drinking egotist, who remained a sympathetic character despite his snarling contempt for dogs and children.

text: William

text: Claude

text: Dukenfield

text: January

text: December

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Fields

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: comedian

text: actor

text: juggler

text: and

text: writer

text: Fields

text: comic

text: persona

text: was

text: misanthropic

text: and

text: hard

text: drinking

text: egotist

text: who

text: remained

text: sympathetic

text: character

text: despite

text: his

text: snarling

text: contempt

text: for

text: dogs

text: and

text: children

text: This name for the Academy Award for Live Action Short Film was introduced in 1974. For the three preceding years it was known as "Short Subjects, Live Action Films". The term "Short Subjects, Live Action Subjects" was used from 1957 until 1970. From 1936 until 1956 there were two separate awards, "Best Short Subject, One-reel" and "Best Short Subject, Two-reel". These categories referred to the running time of the short: a reel of film, in this context, being 1000 feet or less, or about 11 minutes. A third category "Best Short Subject, color" was used only for 1936 and 1937. From the initiation of short subject awards for 1932 until 1935 the terms were "Best Short Subject, comedy" and "Best Short Subject, novelty". Below is a list of Oscar-winning short films. The winning film is listed first, with the other nominated films for that year/category below.

text: This

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Live

text: Action

text: Short

text: Film

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: For

text: the

text: three

text: preceding

text: years

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Short

text: Subjects

text: Live

text: Action

text: Films

text: The

text: term

text: Short

text: Subjects

text: Live

text: Action

text: Subjects

text: was

text: used

text: from

text: until

text: From

text: until

text: there

text: were

text: two

text: separate

text: awards

text: Best

text: Short

text: Subject

text: One

text: reel

text: and

text: Best

text: Short

text: Subject

text: Two

text: reel

text: These

text: categories

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: running

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: short

text: reel

text: of

text: film

text: in

text: this

text: context

text: being

text: feet

text: or

text: less

text: or

text: about

text: minutes

text: third

text: category

text: Best

text: Short

text: Subject

text: color

text: was

text: used

text: only

text: for

text: and

text: From

text: the

text: initiation

text: of

text: short

text: subject

text: awards

text: for

text: until

text: the

text: terms

text: were

text: Best

text: Short

text: Subject

text: comedy

text: and

text: Best

text: Short

text: Subject

text: novelty

text: Below

text: is

text: list

text: of

text: Oscar

text: winning

text: short

text: films

text: The

text: winning

text: film

text: is

text: listed

text: first

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: nominated

text: films

text: for

text: that

text: year

text: category

text: below

text: An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.

text: An

text: actor

text: or

text: actress

text: for

text: females

text: see

text: terminology

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: portrays

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: actor

text: performs

text: in

text: the

text: flesh

text: in

text: the

text: traditional

text: medium

text: of

text: the

text: theatre

text: or

text: in

text: modern

text: mediums

text: such

text: as

text: film

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: The

text: analogous

text: Greek

text: term

text: is

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: answers

text: The

text: actor

text: 's

text: interpretation

text: of

text: their

text: role

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: played

text: whether

text: based

text: on

text: real

text: person

text: or

text: fictional

text: character

text: Interpretation

text: occurs

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: actor

text: is

text: playing

text: themselves

text: as

text: in

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: experimental

text: performance

text: art

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: to

text: act

text: is

text: to

text: create

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: Wrestling Swordfish is a 1931 American short adventure film produced by Mack Sennett. It won an Academy Award in 1932 for Best Short Subject (Novelty).

text: Wrestling

text: Swordfish

text: is

text: American

text: short

text: adventure

text: film

text: produced

text: by

text: Mack

text: Sennett

text: It

text: won

text: an

text: Academy

text: Award

text: in

text: for

text: Best

text: Short

text: Subject

text: Novelty

text: Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels"), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the second-most populous city in the United States (after New York City), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County. Situated in Southern California, Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, sprawling metropolis, and as a major center of the American entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over .

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Spanish

text: for

text: The

text: Angels

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: often

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: initials

text: L.A.

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: California

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: Situated

text: in

text: Southern

text: California

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: mediterranean

text: climate

text: ethnic

text: diversity

text: sprawling

text: metropolis

text: and

text: as

text: major

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: lies

text: in

text: large

text: coastal

text: basin

text: surrounded

text: on

text: three

text: sides

text: by

text: mountains

text: reaching

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: over

question: place_of_death tom kennedy

answer: los angeles

text: los angeles

text: los angeles

text: los angeles

text: los angeles

text: los angeles

text: los angeles

text: los angeles

text: los angeles

text: los angeles


text: Helsinki  is the capital and largest city of Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Helsinki has a population of , an urban population of 1,214,210, and a metropolitan population of over 1.4 million, making it the most populous municipality and urban area in Finland. Helsinki is located some north of Tallinn, Estonia, east of Stockholm, Sweden, and west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Helsinki has close historical connections with these three cities.

text: Helsinki

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Finland

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Uusimaa

text: in

text: southern

text: Finland

text: on

text: the

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Helsinki

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: an

text: urban

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: and

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: Finland

text: Helsinki

text: is

text: located

text: some

text: north

text: of

text: Tallinn

text: Estonia

text: east

text: of

text: Stockholm

text: Sweden

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Russia

text: Helsinki

text: has

text: close

text: historical

text: connections

text: with

text: these

text: three

text: cities

text: The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.

text: The

text: Philippines

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: is

text: sovereign

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: about

text: islands

text: that

text: are

text: categorized

text: broadly

text: under

text: three

text: main

text: geographical

text: divisions

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: Luzon

text: Visayas

text: and

text: Mindanao

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: is

text: Manila

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Quezon

text: City

text: both

text: part

text: of

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Celebes

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: the

text: Philippines

text: shares

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Taiwan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Vietnam

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Palau

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Tallinn (or ) is the capital and largest city of Estonia. It is situated on the northern coast of the country, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, south of Helsinki, east of Stockholm and west of Saint Petersburg. From the 13th century until 1918 (and briefly during the Nazi occupation of Estonia from 1941 to 1944), the city was known as Reval. Tallinn occupies an area of and has a population of 443,894. Approximately 32% of Estonia's total population lives in Tallinn.

text: Tallinn

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Estonia

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: south

text: of

text: Helsinki

text: east

text: of

text: Stockholm

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: until

text: and

text: briefly

text: during

text: the

text: Nazi

text: occupation

text: of

text: Estonia

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Reval

text: Tallinn

text: occupies

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: Approximately

text: of

text: Estonia

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: Tallinn

text: A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water.

text: continent

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: very

text: large

text: landmasses

text: on

text: Earth

text: Generally

text: identified

text: by

text: convention

text: rather

text: than

text: any

text: strict

text: criteria

text: up

text: to

text: seven

text: regions

text: are

text: commonly

text: regarded

text: as

text: continents

text: Ordered

text: from

text: largest

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: smallest

text: they

text: are

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: North

text: America

text: South

text: America

text: Antarctica

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: In

text: geology

text: areas

text: of

text: continental

text: crust

text: include

text: regions

text: covered

text: with

text: water

text: Lake Island is an island on the coast of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is located between Mathieson Channel and Lady Trutch Passage, and is flanked by Dowager Island (to the northwest), Lady Douglas Island (to the west), and a long finger shaped peninsula of the Canadian mainland to the east. Ironically, Lake Island is not a lake island, as it is in an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, and lies only some 6 kilometres from the open sea.

text: Lake

text: Island

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: between

text: Mathieson

text: Channel

text: and

text: Lady

text: Trutch

text: Passage

text: and

text: is

text: flanked

text: by

text: Dowager

text: Island

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Lady

text: Douglas

text: Island

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: long

text: finger

text: shaped

text: peninsula

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: mainland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Ironically

text: Lake

text: Island

text: is

text: not

text: lake

text: island

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: an

text: inlet

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: lies

text: only

text: some

text: kilometres

text: from

text: the

text: open

text: sea

text: Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms. Its chemical formula is HO, meaning that its molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, that are connected by covalent bonds. Water strictly refers to the liquid state of that substance, that prevails at standard ambient temperature and pressure; but it often refers also to its solid state (ice) or its gaseous state (steam or water vapor). It also occurs in nature as snow, glaciers, ice packs and icebergs, clouds, fog, dew, aquifers, and atmospheric humidity.

text: Water

text: is

text: transparent

text: and

text: nearly

text: colorless

text: chemical

text: substance

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: constituent

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: streams

text: lakes

text: and

text: oceans

text: and

text: the

text: fluids

text: of

text: most

text: living

text: organisms

text: Its

text: chemical

text: formula

text: is

text: HO

text: meaning

text: that

text: its

text: molecule

text: contains

text: one

text: oxygen

text: and

text: two

text: hydrogen

text: atoms

text: that

text: are

text: connected

text: by

text: covalent

text: bonds

text: Water

text: strictly

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: liquid

text: state

text: of

text: that

text: substance

text: that

text: prevails

text: at

text: standard

text: ambient

text: temperature

text: and

text: pressure

text: but

text: it

text: often

text: refers

text: also

text: to

text: its

text: solid

text: state

text: ice

text: or

text: its

text: gaseous

text: state

text: steam

text: or

text: water

text: vapor

text: It

text: also

text: occurs

text: in

text: nature

text: as

text: snow

text: glaciers

text: ice

text: packs

text: and

text: icebergs

text: clouds

text: fog

text: dew

text: aquifers

text: and

text: atmospheric

text: humidity

text: The Gulf of Finland  is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the Gulf of Finland belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbours are located farthest in, near Saint Petersburg (including Primorsk). As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the Gulf of Finland has been and continues to be of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: is

text: the

text: easternmost

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: extends

text: between

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Estonia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: in

text: Russia

text: where

text: the

text: river

text: Neva

text: drains

text: into

text: it

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: around

text: the

text: gulf

text: include

text: Helsinki

text: and

text: Tallinn

text: The

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: belong

text: to

text: Russia

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: Russia

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: oil

text: harbours

text: are

text: located

text: farthest

text: in

text: near

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: including

text: Primorsk

text: As

text: the

text: seaway

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: has

text: been

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: considerable

text: strategic

text: importance

text: to

text: Russia

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: environmental

text: problems

text: affecting

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: are

text: at

text: their

text: most

text: pronounced

text: in

text: the

text: shallow

text: gulf

text: Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 17131728 and 17321918, Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow.

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: is

text: Russia

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: after

text: Moscow

text: with

text: five

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: Russian

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: politically

text: incorporated

text: as

text: federal

text: subject

text: federal

text: city

text: Situated

text: on

text: the

text: Neva

text: River

text: at

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: on

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Tsar

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: on

text: May

text: In

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: from

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: to

text: Petrograd

text: in

text: to

text: Leningrad

text: and

text: in

text: back

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Between

text: and

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: was

text: the

text: imperial

text: capital

text: of

text: Russia

text: In

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: bodies

text: moved

text: to

text: Moscow

text: A cay (or ), also spelled caye or key, is a small, low-elevation, sandy island on the surface of a coral reef. Cays occur in tropical environments throughout the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans (including in the Caribbean and on the Great Barrier Reef and Belize Barrier Reef).

text: cay

text: or

text: also

text: spelled

text: caye

text: or

text: key

text: is

text: small

text: low

text: elevation

text: sandy

text: island

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: coral

text: reef

text: Cays

text: occur

text: in

text: tropical

text: environments

text: throughout

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Indian

text: Oceans

text: including

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: Great

text: Barrier

text: Reef

text: and

text: Belize

text: Barrier

text: Reef

text: Viimsi Parish is a rural municipality in northern Estonia, located north-east and neighbouring the capital Tallinn. It occupies an area of with a population of 16,901 which makes it the seventh largest municipality in Estonia and the most populous rural municipality (parish). The municipality contains the Viimsi Peninsula and several islands, including Naissaar, Prangli, and Aksi.

text: Viimsi

text: Parish

text: is

text: rural

text: municipality

text: in

text: northern

text: Estonia

text: located

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: neighbouring

text: the

text: capital

text: Tallinn

text: It

text: occupies

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: which

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: municipality

text: in

text: Estonia

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: rural

text: municipality

text: parish

text: The

text: municipality

text: contains

text: the

text: Viimsi

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: several

text: islands

text: including

text: Naissaar

text: Prangli

text: and

text: Aksi

text: An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.

text: An

text: island

text: or

text: isle

text: is

text: any

text: piece

text: of

text: sub

text: continental

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: water

text: Very

text: small

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: emergent

text: land

text: features

text: on

text: atolls

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: islets

text: skerries

text: cays

text: or

text: keys

text: An

text: island

text: in

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: island

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: eyot

text: or

text: ait

text: and

text: small

text: island

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: holm

text: grouping

text: of

text: geographically

text: or

text: geologically

text: related

text: islands

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: archipelago

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Philippines

text: An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. The word "archipelago" is derived from the Greek "-  arkhi-" ("chief") and "  pélagos" ("sea") through the Italian "arcipelago". In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Archipelago (from medieval Greek "*" and Latin "archipelagus") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands). It is now used to refer to any island group or, sometimes, to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.

text: An

text: archipelago

text: sometimes

text: called

text: an

text: island

text: group

text: or

text: island

text: chain

text: is

text: chain

text: cluster

text: or

text: collection

text: of

text: islands

text: The

text: word

text: archipelago

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: arkhi-

text: chief

text: and

text: pélagos

text: sea

text: through

text: the

text: Italian

text: arcipelago

text: In

text: Italian

text: possibly

text: following

text: tradition

text: of

text: antiquity

text: the

text: Archipelago

text: from

text: medieval

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: archipelagus

text: was

text: the

text: proper

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: and

text: later

text: usage

text: shifted

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Islands

text: since

text: the

text: sea

text: is

text: remarkable

text: for

text: its

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: island

text: group

text: or

text: sometimes

text: to

text: sea

text: containing

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: scattered

text: islands

text: Viimsi is a small borough in Harju County, northern Estonia. It's located about northeast of the centre of Tallinn, just north of Tallinn's subdistrict Merivälja. Viimsi is the administrative centre of Viimsi Parish. As of 2011 Census, the settlement's population was 2,341.

text: Viimsi

text: is

text: small

text: borough

text: in

text: Harju

text: County

text: northern

text: Estonia

text: It

text: 's

text: located

text: about

text: northeast

text: of

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: Tallinn

text: just

text: north

text: of

text: Tallinn

text: 's

text: subdistrict

text: Merivälja

text: Viimsi

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: Viimsi

text: Parish

text: As

text: of

text: Census

text: the

text: settlement

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: Stockholm (or ) is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 932,917 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by a Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County.

text: Stockholm

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: approximately

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: and

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: spread

text: across

text: islands

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: Sweden

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: Lake

text: Mälaren

text: by

text: the

text: Stockholm

text: archipelago

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: The

text: area

text: has

text: been

text: settled

text: since

text: the

text: Stone

text: Age

text: in

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: and

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: city

text: in

text: by

text: Swedish

text: statesman

text: Birger

text: Jarl

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Stockholm

text: County

text: Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.

text: Finland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Finland

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: peninsula

text: with

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Sweden

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Estonia

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Finland

text: is

text: Nordic

text: country

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: Fennoscandia

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: Scandinavia

text: Finland

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: staying

text: roughly

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: level

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: two

text: decades

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Naissaar ( German : Nargen ; Swedish : Nargö ) is an island northwest of Tallinn ( but belonging to Viimsi Parish ) in Estonia . The island covers an area of 18.6 km² . It is 8 km long and 3.5 km wide , and lies about 8.5 km from the mainland . The highest point on the island is Kunilamägi , which is 27 meters above sea - level . The island consists predominantly of coniferous forest and piles of stones and boulders . As of 2005 , the island had a population of ten . Now the island has three dozen or so permanent residents and some summer residents . Administratively the island is divided into three villages : Lõunaküla ( Storbyn ) , Tagaküla ( Bakbyn ) and Väikeheinamaa ( Lillängin ) . Until the Second World War , the island 's population numbered about 450 people of Estonian - Swedish origin . However , these people fled during the war . Naissaar under Soviet rule was a military area and off - limits to the public . Although the fortifications on the island date back to Peter the Great 's scheme to fortify Tallinn , the main fortifications are from the period of Russian rule before World War II. Today , the previous small houses of the Swedish villages are being restored bit - by - bit . Also being restored is a narrow gauge railway that runs from the north to the southern tip of the island . A notable native of the island was Bernhard Schmidt , the Swedish - Estonian optician who invented the Schmidt telescope in 1930 .

text: Naissaar

text: German

text: Nargen

text: Swedish

text: Nargö

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: northwest

text: of

text: Tallinn

text: but

text: belonging

text: to

text: Viimsi

text: Parish

text: in

text: Estonia

text: The

text: island

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: km

text: long

text: and

text: km

text: wide

text: and

text: lies

text: about

text: km

text: from

text: the

text: mainland

text: The

text: highest

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: is

text: Kunilamägi

text: which

text: is

text: meters

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: The

text: island

text: consists

text: predominantly

text: of

text: coniferous

text: forest

text: and

text: piles

text: of

text: stones

text: and

text: boulders

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: ten

text: Now

text: the

text: island

text: has

text: three

text: dozen

text: or

text: so

text: permanent

text: residents

text: and

text: some

text: summer

text: residents

text: Administratively

text: the

text: island

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: villages

text: Lõunaküla

text: Storbyn

text: Tagaküla

text: Bakbyn

text: and

text: Väikeheinamaa

text: Lillängin

text: Until

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: population

text: numbered

text: about

text: people

text: of

text: Estonian

text: Swedish

text: origin

text: However

text: these

text: people

text: fled

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: Naissaar

text: under

text: Soviet

text: rule

text: was

text: military

text: area

text: and

text: off

text: limits

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: Although

text: the

text: fortifications

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: 's

text: scheme

text: to

text: fortify

text: Tallinn

text: the

text: main

text: fortifications

text: are

text: from

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Russian

text: rule

text: before

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Today

text: the

text: previous

text: small

text: houses

text: of

text: the

text: Swedish

text: villages

text: are

text: being

text: restored

text: bit

text: by

text: bit

text: Also

text: being

text: restored

text: is

text: narrow

text: gauge

text: railway

text: that

text: runs

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: notable

text: native

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: was

text: Bernhard

text: Schmidt

text: the

text: Swedish

text: Estonian

text: optician

text: who

text: invented

text: the

text: Schmidt

text: telescope

text: in

text: Prangli is an Estonian island in the Gulf of Finland.

text: Prangli

text: is

text: an

text: Estonian

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Aksi (also known as Väike-Prangli (Little Prangli) or Äksi) is an Estonian island in the Gulf of Finland with an area of 59 hectares. Coordinates are It forms an archipelago with nearby islands of Prangli and Keri. Aksi belongs to Idaotsa village in Viimsi Parish, Harju County.

text: Aksi

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Väike

text: Prangli

text: Little

text: Prangli

text: or

text: Äksi

text: is

text: an

text: Estonian

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: hectares

text: Coordinates

text: are

text: It

text: forms

text: an

text: archipelago

text: with

text: nearby

text: islands

text: of

text: Prangli

text: and

text: Keri

text: Aksi

text: belongs

text: to

text: Idaotsa

text: village

text: in

text: Viimsi

text: Parish

text: Harju

text: County

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_on_terrain_feature naissaar

answer: baltic sea

text: baltic sea

text: baltic sea

text: baltic sea

text: baltic sea

text: baltic sea


text: A city proper is the area contained within city limits. A city proper is not limited to a city; it can describe the complete area of any locality that fits the definition. The United Nations defines the term as ""the single political jurisdiction which contains the historical city centre.""

text: city

text: proper

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: contained

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: city

text: proper

text: is

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: city

text: it

text: can

text: describe

text: the

text: complete

text: area

text: of

text: any

text: locality

text: that

text: fits

text: the

text: definition

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: defines

text: the

text: term

text: as

text: the

text: single

text: political

text: jurisdiction

text: which

text: contains

text: the

text: historical

text: city

text: centre

text: The Randstad is a megalopolis in the central-western Netherlands consisting primarily of the four largest Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht) and their surrounding areas. Among other things, it contains the Port of Rotterdam (the largest seaport in Europe, and until 2004 also the world's busiest seaport), and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (one of the largest European airports). With a population of 7,100,000 it is one of the largest metropolitan regions in Europe, comparable in size to Milan or the San Francisco Bay Area, and covers an area of approximately 8,287 km². It's also one of the most important and densely populated economic areas in northwestern Europe.

text: The

text: Randstad

text: is

text: megalopolis

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: Netherlands

text: consisting

text: primarily

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: largest

text: Dutch

text: cities

text: Amsterdam

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: and

text: their

text: surrounding

text: areas

text: Among

text: other

text: things

text: it

text: contains

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Rotterdam

text: the

text: largest

text: seaport

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: until

text: also

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: seaport

text: and

text: Amsterdam

text: Airport

text: Schiphol

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: airports

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: regions

text: in

text: Europe

text: comparable

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: Milan

text: or

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: Area

text: and

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: It

text: 's

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: and

text: densely

text: populated

text: economic

text: areas

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Europe

text:
An art museum or art gallery is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art.
Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection. Paintings are the most commonly displayed art objects; however, sculptures, decorative arts, furniture, textiles, costumes, drawings, pastels, watercolors, collages, prints, artist's books, photographs, and installation art are also regularly shown. Although primarily concerned with providing a space to show works of visual art, art galleries are sometimes used to host other artistic activities, such as performance arts, music concerts, or poetry readings.

text: An

text: art

text: museum

text: or

text: art

text: gallery

text: is

text: building

text: or

text: space

text: for

text: the

text: exhibition

text: of

text: art

text: usually

text: visual

text: art

text: Museums

text: can

text: be

text: public

text: or

text: private

text: but

text: what

text: distinguishes

text: museum

text: is

text: the

text: ownership

text: of

text: collection

text: Paintings

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: displayed

text: art

text: objects

text: however

text: sculptures

text: decorative

text: arts

text: furniture

text: textiles

text: costumes

text: drawings

text: pastels

text: watercolors

text: collages

text: prints

text: artist

text: 's

text: books

text: photographs

text: and

text: installation

text: art

text: are

text: also

text: regularly

text: shown

text: Although

text: primarily

text: concerned

text: with

text: providing

text: space

text: to

text: show

text: works

text: of

text: visual

text: art

text: art

text: galleries

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: to

text: host

text: other

text: artistic

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: performance

text: arts

text: music

text: concerts

text: or

text: poetry

text: readings

text: The Netherlands  is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament. The name "Holland" is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: constituent

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: is

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: with

text: three

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: The

text: European

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: borders

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Belgium

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: sharing

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Belgium

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Germany

text: The

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: are

text: Amsterdam

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: while

text: The

text: Hague

text: holds

text: the

text: Dutch

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: parliament

text: The

text: name

text: Holland

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: informally

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands is one of two fundamental documents governing the Kingdom of the Netherlands as well as the fundamental law of the European territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The present constitution is generally seen as directly derived from the one issued in 1815, constituting a constitutional monarchy. A revision in 1848 instituted a system of parliamentary democracy. In 1983, a major revision of the constitution was undertaken, almost fully rewriting the text and adding new civil rights. The text is very sober, devoid of legal or political doctrine. It includes a bill of rights. The constitution prohibits the judiciary to test laws and treaties against the constitution, as this is considered a prerogative of the legislature. There is no constitutional court in the Netherlands, except for the Constitutional Court of Sint Maarten which only governs the Sint Maarten legislator. The Kingdom of the Netherlands also includes Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten: there is an overarching instrument of the entire kingdom that has constitution characterisics: the Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

text: The

text: Constitution

text: for

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: fundamental

text: documents

text: governing

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: fundamental

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: present

text: constitution

text: is

text: generally

text: seen

text: as

text: directly

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: one

text: issued

text: in

text: constituting

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: revision

text: in

text: instituted

text: system

text: of

text: parliamentary

text: democracy

text: In

text: major

text: revision

text: of

text: the

text: constitution

text: was

text: undertaken

text: almost

text: fully

text: rewriting

text: the

text: text

text: and

text: adding

text: new

text: civil

text: rights

text: The

text: text

text: is

text: very

text: sober

text: devoid

text: of

text: legal

text: or

text: political

text: doctrine

text: It

text: includes

text: bill

text: of

text: rights

text: The

text: constitution

text: prohibits

text: the

text: judiciary

text: to

text: test

text: laws

text: and

text: treaties

text: against

text: the

text: constitution

text: as

text: this

text: is

text: considered

text: prerogative

text: of

text: the

text: legislature

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: constitutional

text: court

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: of

text: Sint

text: Maarten

text: which

text: only

text: governs

text: the

text: Sint

text: Maarten

text: legislator

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: also

text: includes

text: Aruba

text: Curaçao

text: and

text: Sint

text: Maarten

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: overarching

text: instrument

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: kingdom

text: that

text: has

text: constitution

text: characterisics

text: the

text: Statute

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The Gemeentemuseum Den Haag is an art museum in The Hague in the Netherlands.

text: The

text: Gemeentemuseum

text: Den

text: Haag

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: museum

text: in

text: The

text: Hague

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The Amsterdam metropolitan area is the city region around the city of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. It lies in the Noordvleugel ("North Wing") of the larger polycentric Randstad metropolitan area and encompasses the city of Amsterdam, the Dutch provinces of North Holland and Flevoland, as well as 36 further municipalities within these two provinces, with a total population of over 2.4 million inhabitants.

text: The

text: Amsterdam

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: region

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Amsterdam

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: Noordvleugel

text: North

text: Wing

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: polycentric

text: Randstad

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: and

text: encompasses

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Amsterdam

text: the

text: Dutch

text: provinces

text: of

text: North

text: Holland

text: and

text: Flevoland

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: further

text: municipalities

text: within

text: these

text: two

text: provinces

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The Hague (or "<nowiki>'</nowiki>s-Gravenhage" ) is a city located in the western coast of the Netherlands, and the capital city of the province of South Holland.

text: The

text: Hague

text: or

text: nowiki>'</nowiki

text: Gravenhage

text: is

text: city

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: South

text: Holland

text: Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands, although it is not the seat of the government, which is The Hague. Amsterdam has a population of 847,176 within the city proper, 1,343,647 in the urban area, and 2,431,000 in the Amsterdam metropolitan area. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 7 million.

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Its

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: is

text: mandated

text: by

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: which

text: is

text: The

text: Hague

text: Amsterdam

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Amsterdam

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: North

text: Holland

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: comprises

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Randstad

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: conurbations

text: in

text: Europe

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: North Holland (, West Frisian: "Noard-Holland") is a province in the northwest of the Netherlands. It is situated on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevoland. As of 2015, it has a population of 2,762,163 and a total area of .

text: North

text: Holland

text: West

text: Frisian

text: Noard

text: Holland

text: is

text: province

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: north

text: of

text: South

text: Holland

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Friesland

text: and

text: Flevoland

text: As

text: of

text: it

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: The Miniature Museum was located at the AMC hospital in Amsterdam . It moved to a permanent space in the Gemeentemuseum Den Haag in 2013 . The Miniature Museum was founded by Ria and Lex Daniels in 1992 .

text: The

text: Miniature

text: Museum

text: was

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: AMC

text: hospital

text: in

text: Amsterdam

text: It

text: moved

text: to

text: permanent

text: space

text: in

text: the

text: Gemeentemuseum

text: Den

text: Haag

text: in

text: The

text: Miniature

text: Museum

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Ria

text: and

text: Lex

text: Daniels

text: in

text: A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area. In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area, in which transportation has developed to link areas to create a single urban labour market or travel to work area.

text: conurbation

text: is

text: region

text: comprising

text: number

text: of

text: cities

text: large

text: towns

text: and

text: other

text: urban

text: areas

text: that

text: through

text: population

text: growth

text: and

text: physical

text: expansion

text: have

text: merged

text: to

text: form

text: one

text: continuous

text: urban

text: or

text: industrially

text: developed

text: area

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: conurbation

text: is

text: polycentric

text: urbanised

text: area

text: in

text: which

text: transportation

text: has

text: developed

text: to

text: link

text: areas

text: to

text: create

text: single

text: urban

text: labour

text: market

text: or

text: travel

text: to

text: work

text: area

text: The Kingdom of the Netherlands , commonly known as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in western Europe and in the Caribbean.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

candidates: country of the kingdom of the netherlands

question: instance_of miniature museum

answer: art museum

text: art museum

text: art museum