text: Birdwatching, or birding, is a form of wildlife observation in which the observation of birds is a recreational activity. It can be done with the naked eye, through a visual enhancement device like binoculars and telescopes, by listening for bird sounds, or by watching public webcams.

text: Birdwatching

text: or

text: birding

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: wildlife

text: observation

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: observation

text: of

text: birds

text: is

text: recreational

text: activity

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: done

text: with

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: through

text: visual

text: enhancement

text: device

text: like

text: binoculars

text: and

text: telescopes

text: by

text: listening

text: for

text: bird

text: sounds

text: or

text: by

text: watching

text: public

text: webcams

text: Orchardleigh ( also spelled Orchardlea ) is a country estate in Somerset , approximately two miles north of Frome , and on the southern edge of the village of Lullington . The privately held estate comprises a Victorian country house , the Orchardleigh Lake with its island church , and an 18 - hole golf course . Orchardleigh is available for weddings and other events . Various accommodation is provided , both in the house itself and at adjacent lodges and cottages in the extensive grounds . Within the old estate are the Orchardleigh Stones , a probable neolithic burial chamber which was excavated in 1803 and 1804 , when human bones and cremation urns were discovered . The Church of St Mary , Orchardlea , dates from the 13th century and is Grade I listed . The churchyard contains the grave of the poet Sir Henry Newbolt . The parish was part of the hundred of Frome . The old Orchardleigh House was just south of the church . Its heyday was the time of Sir Thomas Champneys , 1st Baronet , High Sheriff of Somerset in 1775 , but all that remains of that period is the boathouse , rotunda , the Lullington gateway , and the Tudor lodges dating from the 1820s . The old house was demolished and the present one built in 1856 by Thomas Henry Wyatt for William Duckworth . The new house is described by Pevsner as `` picturesque , irregular , and in a mixed Elizabethan style '' , and is a Grade II * listed building . In 1986 , Arthur Duckworth died , and Orchardleigh was soon sold . Work started on redevelopment , but in 1989 the developer 's loans were called in by the bank and work ceased for 13 years . In 2002 , a new scheme was started to build the current hotels and golf courses . The boathouse is included in the Heritage at Risk Register produced by English Heritage . The estate also contains a bridge incorporating a sluice , a semicircular bridge , a garden house , a keepers lodge and a stables and coachhouse , which all date from the same period as the main house and are also listed buildings . Within the grounds , which were landscaped -- possibly by Humphrey Repton -- and are included in the Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England , is the Wood Lodge Summerhouse . The gardens and pleasure grounds are listed , Grade II * , on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England .

text: Orchardleigh

text: also

text: spelled

text: Orchardlea

text: is

text: country

text: estate

text: in

text: Somerset

text: approximately

text: two

text: miles

text: north

text: of

text: Frome

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Lullington

text: The

text: privately

text: held

text: estate

text: comprises

text: Victorian

text: country

text: house

text: the

text: Orchardleigh

text: Lake

text: with

text: its

text: island

text: church

text: and

text: an

text: hole

text: golf

text: course

text: Orchardleigh

text: is

text: available

text: for

text: weddings

text: and

text: other

text: events

text: Various

text: accommodation

text: is

text: provided

text: both

text: in

text: the

text: house

text: itself

text: and

text: at

text: adjacent

text: lodges

text: and

text: cottages

text: in

text: the

text: extensive

text: grounds

text: Within

text: the

text: old

text: estate

text: are

text: the

text: Orchardleigh

text: Stones

text: probable

text: neolithic

text: burial

text: chamber

text: which

text: was

text: excavated

text: in

text: and

text: when

text: human

text: bones

text: and

text: cremation

text: urns

text: were

text: discovered

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: St

text: Mary

text: Orchardlea

text: dates

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: is

text: Grade

text: listed

text: The

text: churchyard

text: contains

text: the

text: grave

text: of

text: the

text: poet

text: Sir

text: Henry

text: Newbolt

text: The

text: parish

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: hundred

text: of

text: Frome

text: The

text: old

text: Orchardleigh

text: House

text: was

text: just

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: Its

text: heyday

text: was

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Sir

text: Thomas

text: Champneys

text: Baronet

text: High

text: Sheriff

text: of

text: Somerset

text: in

text: but

text: all

text: that

text: remains

text: of

text: that

text: period

text: is

text: the

text: boathouse

text: rotunda

text: the

text: Lullington

text: gateway

text: and

text: the

text: Tudor

text: lodges

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: The

text: old

text: house

text: was

text: demolished

text: and

text: the

text: present

text: one

text: built

text: in

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Henry

text: Wyatt

text: for

text: William

text: Duckworth

text: The

text: new

text: house

text: is

text: described

text: by

text: Pevsner

text: as

text: picturesque

text: irregular

text: and

text: in

text: mixed

text: Elizabethan

text: style

text: and

text: is

text: Grade

text: II

text: listed

text: building

text: In

text: Arthur

text: Duckworth

text: died

text: and

text: Orchardleigh

text: was

text: soon

text: sold

text: Work

text: started

text: on

text: redevelopment

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: developer

text: 's

text: loans

text: were

text: called

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: bank

text: and

text: work

text: ceased

text: for

text: years

text: In

text: new

text: scheme

text: was

text: started

text: to

text: build

text: the

text: current

text: hotels

text: and

text: golf

text: courses

text: The

text: boathouse

text: is

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Heritage

text: at

text: Risk

text: Register

text: produced

text: by

text: English

text: Heritage

text: The

text: estate

text: also

text: contains

text: bridge

text: incorporating

text: sluice

text: semicircular

text: bridge

text: garden

text: house

text: keepers

text: lodge

text: and

text: stables

text: and

text: coachhouse

text: which

text: all

text: date

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: house

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: listed

text: buildings

text: Within

text: the

text: grounds

text: which

text: were

text: landscaped

text: possibly

text: by

text: Humphrey

text: Repton

text: and

text: are

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Register

text: of

text: Parks

text: and

text: Gardens

text: of

text: Special

text: Historic

text: Interest

text: in

text: England

text: is

text: the

text: Wood

text: Lodge

text: Summerhouse

text: The

text: gardens

text: and

text: pleasure

text: grounds

text: are

text: listed

text: Grade

text: II

text: on

text: the

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Parks

text: and

text: Gardens

text: of

text: special

text: historic

text: interest

text: in

text: England

text: Devon (archaically known as Devonshire) is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south. It is part of South West England, bounded by Cornwall to the west, Somerset to the northeast, and Dorset to the east. The City of Exeter is the county town; seven other districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, Torridge, and West Devon are under the jurisdiction of Devon County Council; Plymouth and Torbay are each a part of Devon but administered as unitary authorities. Combined as a ceremonial county, Devon's area is and its population is about 1.1 million.

text: Devon

text: archaically

text: known

text: as

text: Devonshire

text: is

text: county

text: of

text: England

text: reaching

text: from

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: bounded

text: by

text: Cornwall

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Somerset

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Dorset

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Exeter

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: seven

text: other

text: districts

text: of

text: East

text: Devon

text: Mid

text: Devon

text: North

text: Devon

text: South

text: Hams

text: Teignbridge

text: Torridge

text: and

text: West

text: Devon

text: are

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: Devon

text: County

text: Council

text: Plymouth

text: and

text: Torbay

text: are

text: each

text: part

text: of

text: Devon

text: but

text: administered

text: as

text: unitary

text: authorities

text: Combined

text: as

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: Devon

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: and

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: about

text: million

text: Mendip is a local government district of Somerset in England. The Mendip district covers a largely rural area of ranging from the Mendip Hills through on to the Somerset Levels. It has a population of approximately 112,500. The administrative centre of the district is Shepton Mallet but the largest town (three times larger than Shepton Mallet) is Frome.

text: Mendip

text: is

text: local

text: government

text: district

text: of

text: Somerset

text: in

text: England

text: The

text: Mendip

text: district

text: covers

text: largely

text: rural

text: area

text: of

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: Mendip

text: Hills

text: through

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: Somerset

text: Levels

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: The

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: is

text: Shepton

text: Mallet

text: but

text: the

text: largest

text: town

text: three

text: times

text: larger

text: than

text: Shepton

text: Mallet

text: is

text: Frome

text: Bristol is a city, unitary authority area and county in South West England with an estimated population of 449,300 in 2016. It is England's sixth and the United Kingdom's eighth most populous city, and the most populous city in Southern England after London. The city borders the Unitary Authority areas of North Somerset and South Gloucestershire, with the historic cities of Bath and Gloucester to the south-east and north-east, respectively.

text: Bristol

text: is

text: city

text: unitary

text: authority

text: area

text: and

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: England

text: 's

text: sixth

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: eighth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Southern

text: England

text: after

text: London

text: The

text: city

text: borders

text: the

text: Unitary

text: Authority

text: areas

text: of

text: North

text: Somerset

text: and

text: South

text: Gloucestershire

text: with

text: the

text: historic

text: cities

text: of

text: Bath

text: and

text: Gloucester

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: north

text: east

text: respectively

text: A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played. It comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a teeing ground, a fairway, the rough and other hazards, and a green with a flagstick ("pin") and hole ("cup"). A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes. Most courses contain 18 holes; some share fairways or greens, and a subset has nine holes, played twice per round. Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes.

text: golf

text: course

text: is

text: the

text: grounds

text: where

text: the

text: game

text: of

text: golf

text: is

text: played

text: It

text: comprises

text: series

text: of

text: holes

text: each

text: consisting

text: of

text: teeing

text: ground

text: fairway

text: the

text: rough

text: and

text: other

text: hazards

text: and

text: green

text: with

text: flagstick

text: pin

text: and

text: hole

text: cup

text: standard

text: round

text: of

text: golf

text: consists

text: of

text: holes

text: Most

text: courses

text: contain

text: holes

text: some

text: share

text: fairways

text: or

text: greens

text: and

text: subset

text: has

text: nine

text: holes

text: played

text: twice

text: per

text: round

text: courses

text: consist

text: of

text: nine

text: or

text: holes

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: par

text: of

text: three

text: strokes

text: Wiltshire (or ) is a county in South West England with an area of . It is landlocked and borders the counties of Dorset, Somerset, Hampshire, Gloucestershire, Oxfordshire and Berkshire. The county town was Wilton but Wiltshire Council is now based in the new county town of Trowbridge.

text: Wiltshire

text: or

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: landlocked

text: and

text: borders

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Dorset

text: Somerset

text: Hampshire

text: Gloucestershire

text: Oxfordshire

text: and

text: Berkshire

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: was

text: Wilton

text: but

text: Wiltshire

text: Council

text: is

text: now

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Trowbridge

text: Gloucestershire (; abbreviated Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.

text: Gloucestershire

text: abbreviated

text: Glos

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: The

text: county

text: comprises

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Cotswold

text: Hills

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: flat

text: fertile

text: valley

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: and

text: the

text: entire

text: Forest

text: of

text: Dean

text: South West England is one of nine official regions of England. It is the largest in area, covering and the counties of Gloucestershire, Bristol, Wiltshire, Somerset, Dorset, Devon and Cornwall, as well as the Isles of Scilly. Five million people live in South West England.

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: nine

text: official

text: regions

text: of

text: England

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: area

text: covering

text: and

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Gloucestershire

text: Bristol

text: Wiltshire

text: Somerset

text: Dorset

text: Devon

text: and

text: Cornwall

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: Five

text: million

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: Angling is a method of fishing by means of an "angle" (fish hook). The hook is usually attached to a fishing line and the line is often attached to a fishing rod. Fishing rods are usually fitted with a fishing reel that functions as a mechanism for storing, retrieving and paying out the line. The hook itself can be dressed with lures or bait. A bite indicator such as a float, and a weight or sinker are sometimes used.

text: Angling

text: is

text: method

text: of

text: fishing

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: an

text: angle

text: fish

text: hook

text: The

text: hook

text: is

text: usually

text: attached

text: to

text: fishing

text: line

text: and

text: the

text: line

text: is

text: often

text: attached

text: to

text: fishing

text: rod

text: Fishing

text: rods

text: are

text: usually

text: fitted

text: with

text: fishing

text: reel

text: that

text: functions

text: as

text: mechanism

text: for

text: storing

text: retrieving

text: and

text: paying

text: out

text: the

text: line

text: The

text: hook

text: itself

text: can

text: be

text: dressed

text: with

text: lures

text: or

text: bait

text: bite

text: indicator

text: such

text: as

text: float

text: and

text: weight

text: or

text: sinker

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.

text: Golf

text: is

text: club

text: and

text: ball

text: sport

text: in

text: which

text: players

text: use

text: various

text: clubs

text: to

text: hit

text: balls

text: into

text: series

text: of

text: holes

text: on

text: course

text: in

text: as

text: few

text: strokes

text: as

text: possible

text: Somerset is a county in South West England which borders Gloucestershire and Bristol to the north, Wiltshire to the east, Dorset to the south-east and Devon to the south-west. It is bounded to the north and west by the Severn Estuary and the Bristol Channel, its coastline facing southeastern Wales. Its traditional border with Gloucestershire is the River Avon. Somerset's county town is Taunton.

text: Somerset

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: which

text: borders

text: Gloucestershire

text: and

text: Bristol

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Wiltshire

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Dorset

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: Devon

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Severn

text: Estuary

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: its

text: coastline

text: facing

text: southeastern

text: Wales

text: Its

text: traditional

text: border

text: with

text: Gloucestershire

text: is

text: the

text: River

text: Avon

text: Somerset

text: 's

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Taunton

text: Orchardleigh Lake (also spelt Orchardlea) is an 11.23-hectare artificial lake in the grounds of the Orchardleigh Estate, just north of Frome, Somerset, England. It was formed by damming a tributary of the River Frome. Today, the lake is used for angling, and also birdwatching.

text: Orchardleigh

text: Lake

text: also

text: spelt

text: Orchardlea

text: is

text: an

text: artificial

text: lake

text: in

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: the

text: Orchardleigh

text: Estate

text: just

text: north

text: of

text: Frome

text: Somerset

text: England

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: damming

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Frome

text: Today

text: the

text: lake

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: angling

text: and

text: also

text: birdwatching

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: A tee is a stand used to support a stationary ball so that the player can strike it, particularly in golf, tee ball, American football, and rugby.

text: tee

text: is

text: stand

text: used

text: to

text: support

text: stationary

text: ball

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: player

text: can

text: strike

text: it

text: particularly

text: in

text: golf

text: tee

text: ball

text: American

text: football

text: and

text: rugby

text: The teeing ground is the area where play begins in a hole of golf. The terms tee, tee box, and "teeing ground" are synonymous. The name derives from the tee used to elevate a golf ball before striking it to commence play.

text: The

text: teeing

text: ground

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: where

text: play

text: begins

text: in

text: hole

text: of

text: golf

text: The

text: terms

text: tee

text: tee

text: box

text: and

text: teeing

text: ground

text: are

text: synonymous

text: The

text: name

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: tee

text: used

text: to

text: elevate

text: golf

text: ball

text: before

text: striking

text: it

text: to

text: commence

text: play

text: Dorset (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the non-metropolitan county, which is governed by Dorset County Council, and the unitary authority areas of Poole and Bournemouth. Covering an area of , Dorset borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, and Hampshire to the east. The county town is Dorchester which is in the south. After the reorganisation of local government in 1974 the county's border was extended eastward to incorporate the Hampshire towns of Bournemouth and Christchurch. Around half of the population lives in the South East Dorset conurbation, while the rest of the county is largely rural with a low population density.

text: Dorset

text: or

text: archaically

text: Dorsetshire

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: on

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: coast

text: The

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: comprises

text: the

text: non

text: metropolitan

text: county

text: which

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: Dorset

text: County

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: unitary

text: authority

text: areas

text: of

text: Poole

text: and

text: Bournemouth

text: Covering

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Dorset

text: borders

text: Devon

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Somerset

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: Wiltshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: Hampshire

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Dorchester

text: which

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: After

text: the

text: reorganisation

text: of

text: local

text: government

text: in

text: the

text: county

text: 's

text: border

text: was

text: extended

text: eastward

text: to

text: incorporate

text: the

text: Hampshire

text: towns

text: of

text: Bournemouth

text: and

text: Christchurch

text: Around

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: Dorset

text: conurbation

text: while

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: is

text: largely

text: rural

text: with

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: The hectare (or ; symbol ha) is an SI accepted metric system unit of :area equal to and primarily used in the measurement of land as a metric replacement for the imperial acre. An acre is about 0.405 hectare and one hectare contains about 2.47 acres.

text: The

text: hectare

text: or

text: symbol

text: ha

text: is

text: an

text: SI

text: accepted

text: metric

text: system

text: unit

text: of

text: area

text: equal

text: to

text: and

text: primarily

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: measurement

text: of

text: land

text: as

text: metric

text: replacement

text: for

text: the

text: imperial

text: acre

text: An

text: acre

text: is

text: about

text: hectare

text: and

text: one

text: hectare

text: contains

text: about

text: acres

text: Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of . Wales has over of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.

text: Wales

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: had

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Wales

text: has

text: over

text: of

text: coastline

text: and

text: is

text: largely

text: mountainous

text: with

text: its

text: higher

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: central

text: areas

text: including

text: Snowdon

text: its

text: highest

text: summit

text: The

text: country

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: north

text: temperate

text: zone

text: and

text: has

text: changeable

text: maritime

text: climate

text: The Mendip Hills (commonly called the Mendips) is a range of limestone hills to the south of Bristol and Bath in Somerset, England. Running east to west between Weston-super-Mare and Frome, the hills overlook the Somerset Levels to the south and the Chew Valley and other tributaries of the Avon to the north. The hills give their name to the local government district of Mendip, which administers most of the area. The higher, western part of the hills, covering has been designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB), which gives it a level of protection comparable to a national park.

text: The

text: Mendip

text: Hills

text: commonly

text: called

text: the

text: Mendips

text: is

text: range

text: of

text: limestone

text: hills

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Bristol

text: and

text: Bath

text: in

text: Somerset

text: England

text: Running

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: between

text: Weston

text: super

text: Mare

text: and

text: Frome

text: the

text: hills

text: overlook

text: the

text: Somerset

text: Levels

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Chew

text: Valley

text: and

text: other

text: tributaries

text: of

text: the

text: Avon

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: hills

text: give

text: their

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: local

text: government

text: district

text: of

text: Mendip

text: which

text: administers

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: higher

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: hills

text: covering

text: has

text: been

text: designated

text: an

text: Area

text: of

text: Outstanding

text: Natural

text: Beauty

text: AONB

text: which

text: gives

text: it

text: level

text: of

text: protection

text: comparable

text: to

text: national

text: park

text: A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater, leading the water out into an ocean.

text: tributary

text: or

text: affluent

text: is

text: stream

text: or

text: river

text: that

text: flows

text: into

text: larger

text: stream

text: or

text: main

text: stem

text: or

text: parent

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: tributary

text: does

text: not

text: flow

text: directly

text: into

text: sea

text: or

text: ocean

text: Tributaries

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: stem

text: river

text: drain

text: the

text: surrounding

text: drainage

text: basin

text: of

text: its

text: surface

text: water

text: and

text: groundwater

text: leading

text: the

text: water

text: out

text: into

text: an

text: ocean

text: A County town is usually the location of administrative or judicial functions within the county, or it has been established over time as the "de facto" main town of a county. The concept of a county town eventually became detached from its original meaning of where the county administration or county hall is based. In fact, many county towns are no longer part of the administrative county. For example, Nottingham is administered by a unitary authority entirely separate from the rest of Nottinghamshire. Many county towns are classified as cities, but all are referred to as county towns regardless of whether city status is held or not.

text: County

text: town

text: is

text: usually

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: administrative

text: or

text: judicial

text: functions

text: within

text: the

text: county

text: or

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: established

text: over

text: time

text: as

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: main

text: town

text: of

text: county

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: county

text: town

text: eventually

text: became

text: detached

text: from

text: its

text: original

text: meaning

text: of

text: where

text: the

text: county

text: administration

text: or

text: county

text: hall

text: is

text: based

text: In

text: fact

text: many

text: county

text: towns

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: administrative

text: county

text: For

text: example

text: Nottingham

text: is

text: administered

text: by

text: unitary

text: authority

text: entirely

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Nottinghamshire

text: Many

text: county

text: towns

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: cities

text: but

text: all

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: county

text: towns

text: regardless

text: of

text: whether

text: city

text: status

text: is

text: held

text: or

text: not

text: Frome is a town and civil parish in eastern Somerset, England. Located at the eastern end of the Mendip Hills, the town is built on uneven high ground, and centres on the River Frome. The town is approximately south of Bath, east of the county town, Taunton and west of London. In the 2011 census, the population was given as 26,203. The town is in the Mendip district of Somerset and is part of the parliamentary constituency of Somerton and Frome.

text: Frome

text: is

text: town

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: eastern

text: Somerset

text: England

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: eastern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mendip

text: Hills

text: the

text: town

text: is

text: built

text: on

text: uneven

text: high

text: ground

text: and

text: centres

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Frome

text: The

text: town

text: is

text: approximately

text: south

text: of

text: Bath

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: Taunton

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: London

text: In

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: given

text: as

text: The

text: town

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Mendip

text: district

text: of

text: Somerset

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: constituency

text: of

text: Somerton

text: and

text: Frome

text: Taunton is the county town of Somerset, England. The built up area of the town had a population of 64,621 in 2011.

text: Taunton

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Somerset

text: England

text: The

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: The Severn Estuary is the estuary of the River Severn, the longest river in Great Britain. It is at the mouth of four major rivers, being the Severn, Wye, Usk and Avon, and other smaller rivers. Its high tidal range of about means that it has been at the centre of discussions in the UK regarding renewable energy.

text: The

text: Severn

text: Estuary

text: is

text: the

text: estuary

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: the

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: four

text: major

text: rivers

text: being

text: the

text: Severn

text: Wye

text: Usk

text: and

text: Avon

text: and

text: other

text: smaller

text: rivers

text: Its

text: high

text: tidal

text: range

text: of

text: about

text: means

text: that

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: at

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: discussions

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: regarding

text: renewable

text: energy

text: The Bristol Channel is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from Devon and Somerset in South West England. It extends from the lower estuary of the River Severn to the North Atlantic Ocean. It takes its name from the English city of Bristol, and is over 30 miles (50 km) across at its widest point.

text: The

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: is

text: major

text: inlet

text: in

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: separating

text: South

text: Wales

text: from

text: Devon

text: and

text: Somerset

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: It

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: lower

text: estuary

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: English

text: city

text: of

text: Bristol

text: and

text: is

text: over

text: miles

text: km

text: across

text: at

text: its

text: widest

text: point

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity orchardleigh estate

answer: mendip

text: mendip

text: mendip

text: mendip

text: mendip

text: mendip

text: mendip

text: mendip


text: Sussex (abbreviated Sx), from the Old English "Sþsaxe" (South Saxons), is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. It is bounded to the west by Hampshire, north by Surrey, north-east by Kent, south by the English Channel, and divided for local government into West Sussex and East Sussex and the city of Brighton and Hove. Brighton and Hove was created as a unitary authority in 1997, and granted City status in 2000. Until then, Chichester was Sussex's only city.

text: Sussex

text: abbreviated

text: Sx

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: English

text: Sþsaxe

text: South

text: Saxons

text: is

text: historic

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: corresponding

text: roughly

text: in

text: area

text: to

text: the

text: ancient

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sussex

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Hampshire

text: north

text: by

text: Surrey

text: north

text: east

text: by

text: Kent

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: divided

text: for

text: local

text: government

text: into

text: West

text: Sussex

text: and

text: East

text: Sussex

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Brighton

text: and

text: Hove

text: Brighton

text: and

text: Hove

text: was

text: created

text: as

text: unitary

text: authority

text: in

text: and

text: granted

text: City

text: status

text: in

text: Until

text: then

text: Chichester

text: was

text: Sussex

text: 's

text: only

text: city

text: World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

text: World

text: War

text: WWI

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: originating

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: military

text: personnel

text: including

text: million

text: Europeans

text: were

text: mobilised

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wars

text: in

text: history

text: Over

text: nine

text: million

text: combatants

text: and

text: seven

text: million

text: civilians

text: died

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: genocides

text: casualty

text: rate

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: technological

text: and

text: industrial

text: sophistication

text: and

text: the

text: tactical

text: stalemate

text: caused

text: by

text: gruelling

text: trench

text: warfare

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflicts

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: changes

text: including

text: revolutions

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: involved

text: The Hawkhurst Gang was a notorious criminal organisation involved in smuggling throughout southeast England from 1735 until 1749. One of the more infamous gangs of the early 18th century, they extended their influence from Dorset, where they successfully raided the customs house at Poole, to the Kent coast. After they were defeated in a battle with the Goudhurst militia in 1747, two of their leaders, Arthur Gray and Thomas Kingsmill, were executed in 1748 and 1749.

text: The

text: Hawkhurst

text: Gang

text: was

text: notorious

text: criminal

text: organisation

text: involved

text: in

text: smuggling

text: throughout

text: southeast

text: England

text: from

text: until

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: infamous

text: gangs

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: they

text: extended

text: their

text: influence

text: from

text: Dorset

text: where

text: they

text: successfully

text: raided

text: the

text: customs

text: house

text: at

text: Poole

text: to

text: the

text: Kent

text: coast

text: After

text: they

text: were

text: defeated

text: in

text: battle

text: with

text: the

text: Goudhurst

text: militia

text: in

text: two

text: of

text: their

text: leaders

text: Arthur

text: Gray

text: and

text: Thomas

text: Kingsmill

text: were

text: executed

text: in

text: and

text: Courageous Exploits of Doctor Syn is the fifth in the series of Doctor Syn novels by Russell Thorndike . Like the previous volume it is an episodic collection of adventures . It follows Syn 's adventures in his guise as the Scarecrow of Romney Marsh as he foils all attempts to catch him and to break up the Dymchurch smugglers . Courageous Exploits of Doctor Syn was published in 1939 . It follows the events of Further Adventures of Doctor Syn and is followed by Amazing Quest of Doctor Syn .

text: Courageous

text: Exploits

text: of

text: Doctor

text: Syn

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: of

text: Doctor

text: Syn

text: novels

text: by

text: Russell

text: Thorndike

text: Like

text: the

text: previous

text: volume

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: episodic

text: collection

text: of

text: adventures

text: It

text: follows

text: Syn

text: 's

text: adventures

text: in

text: his

text: guise

text: as

text: the

text: Scarecrow

text: of

text: Romney

text: Marsh

text: as

text: he

text: foils

text: all

text: attempts

text: to

text: catch

text: him

text: and

text: to

text: break

text: up

text: the

text: Dymchurch

text: smugglers

text: Courageous

text: Exploits

text: of

text: Doctor

text: Syn

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: It

text: follows

text: the

text: events

text: of

text: Further

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Doctor

text: Syn

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: Amazing

text: Quest

text: of

text: Doctor

text: Syn

text: Dymchurch is a village and civil parish in the Shepway district of Kent, England. The village is located on the coast five miles (8 km) south-west of Hythe, and on the Romney Marsh.

text: Dymchurch

text: is

text: village

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: the

text: Shepway

text: district

text: of

text: Kent

text: England

text: The

text: village

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: five

text: miles

text: km

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Hythe

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: Romney

text: Marsh

text: Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north west, Surrey to the west, East Sussex to the south west, and Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north. The county town is Maidstone.

text: Kent

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: counties

text: It

text: borders

text: Greater

text: London

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: Surrey

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: East

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: Essex

text: across

text: the

text: Thames

text: Estuary

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Maidstone

text: The Reverend Doctor Christopher Syn is the smuggler hero of a series of novels by Russell Thorndike. The first book, "Doctor Syn: A Tale of the Romney Marsh" was published in 1915. The story idea came from smuggling in the 18th century Romney Marsh, where brandy and tobacco were brought in at night by boat from France to avoid high tax. Minor battles were fought, sometimes at night, between gangs of smugglers, such as the Hawkhurst Gang and the Revenue, supported by the army and local militias in the South, Kent and the West, Sussex.

text: The

text: Reverend

text: Doctor

text: Christopher

text: Syn

text: is

text: the

text: smuggler

text: hero

text: of

text: series

text: of

text: novels

text: by

text: Russell

text: Thorndike

text: The

text: first

text: book

text: Doctor

text: Syn

text: Tale

text: of

text: the

text: Romney

text: Marsh

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: The

text: story

text: idea

text: came

text: from

text: smuggling

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Romney

text: Marsh

text: where

text: brandy

text: and

text: tobacco

text: were

text: brought

text: in

text: at

text: night

text: by

text: boat

text: from

text: France

text: to

text: avoid

text: high

text: tax

text: Minor

text: battles

text: were

text: fought

text: sometimes

text: at

text: night

text: between

text: gangs

text: of

text: smugglers

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Hawkhurst

text: Gang

text: and

text: the

text: Revenue

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: local

text: militias

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Kent

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Sussex

text: Romney Marsh is a sparsely populated wetland area in the counties of Kent and East Sussex in the south-east of England. It covers about .

text: Romney

text: Marsh

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: wetland

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Kent

text: and

text: East

text: Sussex

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: England

text: It

text: covers

text: about

text: Arthur Russell Thorndike (6 February 1885, Rochester, Kent  7 November 1972) was a British actor and novelist, best known for the Doctor Syn of Romney Marsh novels. Less well-known than his sister Sybil but equally versatile, Russell Thorndike's first love was writing and, after serving in World War I, he devoted himself to it.

text: Arthur

text: Russell

text: Thorndike

text: February

text: Rochester

text: Kent

text: November

text: was

text: British

text: actor

text: and

text: novelist

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: Doctor

text: Syn

text: of

text: Romney

text: Marsh

text: novels

text: Less

text: well

text: known

text: than

text: his

text: sister

text: Sybil

text: but

text: equally

text: versatile

text: Russell

text: Thorndike

text: 's

text: first

text: love

text: was

text: writing

text: and

text: after

text: serving

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: he

text: devoted

text: himself

text: to

text: it

text: Shepway is a local government district in Kent, England which takes up the south-east corner of the county. Its council is in the town of Folkestone.

text: Shepway

text: is

text: local

text: government

text: district

text: in

text: Kent

text: England

text: which

text: takes

text: up

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: Its

text: council

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Folkestone

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: narrative_location courageous exploits of doctor syn

answer: kent

text: kent

text: kent

text: kent

text: kent

text: kent

text: kent

text: kent

text: kent


text: Ipomoea tricolor (grannyvine or morning glory) is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, native to the New World tropics, and widely cultivated and naturalised elsewhere. It is an herbaceous annual or perennial twining liana growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, 37 cm long with a 1.56 cm long petiole. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, in diameter, most commonly blue with a white to golden yellow centre.

text: Ipomoea

text: tricolor

text: grannyvine

text: or

text: morning

text: glory

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: flowering

text: plant

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Convolvulaceae

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: tropics

text: and

text: widely

text: cultivated

text: and

text: naturalised

text: elsewhere

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: herbaceous

text: annual

text: or

text: perennial

text: twining

text: liana

text: growing

text: to

text: tall

text: The

text: leaves

text: are

text: spirally

text: arranged

text: cm

text: long

text: with

text: cm

text: long

text: petiole

text: The

text: flowers

text: are

text: trumpet

text: shaped

text: in

text: diameter

text: most

text: commonly

text: blue

text: with

text: white

text: to

text: golden

text: yellow

text: centre

text: An amide (or or ), also known as an acid amide, is a compound with the functional group RE(O)NR (R and R refer to H or organic groups). Most common are carboxamides (organic amides) ("n" = 1, E = C, "x" = 1), but many other important types of amides are known, including phosphoramides ("n" = 2, E = P, "x" = 1 and many related formulas) and sulfonamides (E = S, "x" = 2). The term amide refers both to "classes of compounds" and to the "functional group" (RE(O)NR) within those compounds.

text: An

text: amide

text: or

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: acid

text: amide

text: is

text: compound

text: with

text: the

text: functional

text: group

text: RE(O)NR

text: and

text: refer

text: to

text: or

text: organic

text: groups

text: Most

text: common

text: are

text: carboxamides

text: organic

text: amides

text: but

text: many

text: other

text: important

text: types

text: of

text: amides

text: are

text: known

text: including

text: phosphoramides

text: and

text: many

text: related

text: formulas

text: and

text: sulfonamides

text: The

text: term

text: amide

text: refers

text: both

text: to

text: classes

text: of

text: compounds

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: functional

text: group

text: RE(O)NR

text: within

text: those

text: compounds

text: Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine.

text: Chlorine

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: symbol

text: Cl

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: The

text: second

text: lightest

text: of

text: the

text: halogens

text: it

text: appears

text: between

text: fluorine

text: and

text: bromine

text: in

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: and

text: its

text: properties

text: are

text: mostly

text: intermediate

text: between

text: them

text: Chlorine

text: is

text: yellow

text: green

text: gas

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: reactive

text: element

text: and

text: strong

text: oxidising

text: agent

text: among

text: the

text: elements

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: electron

text: affinity

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: electronegativity

text: behind

text: only

text: oxygen

text: and

text: fluorine

text: Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound produced by more than 200 species of mushrooms, collectively known as psilocybin mushrooms. The most potent are members of the genus "Psilocybe", such as "P. azurescens", "P. semilanceata", and "P. cyanescens", but psilocybin has also been isolated from about a dozen other genera. As a prodrug, psilocybin is quickly converted by the body to psilocin, which has mind-altering effects similar, in some aspects, to those of LSD, mescaline, and DMT. In general, the effects include euphoria, visual and mental hallucinations, changes in perception, a distorted sense of time, and spiritual experiences, and can include possible adverse reactions such as nausea and panic attacks.

text: Psilocybin

text: is

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: psychedelic

text: compound

text: produced

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: species

text: of

text: mushrooms

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: psilocybin

text: mushrooms

text: The

text: most

text: potent

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Psilocybe

text: such

text: as

text: azurescens

text: semilanceata

text: and

text: cyanescens

text: but

text: psilocybin

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: isolated

text: from

text: about

text: dozen

text: other

text: genera

text: As

text: prodrug

text: psilocybin

text: is

text: quickly

text: converted

text: by

text: the

text: body

text: to

text: psilocin

text: which

text: has

text: mind

text: altering

text: effects

text: similar

text: in

text: some

text: aspects

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: LSD

text: mescaline

text: and

text: DMT

text: In

text: general

text: the

text: effects

text: include

text: euphoria

text: visual

text: and

text: mental

text: hallucinations

text: changes

text: in

text: perception

text: distorted

text: sense

text: of

text: time

text: and

text: spiritual

text: experiences

text: and

text: can

text: include

text: possible

text: adverse

text: reactions

text: such

text: as

text: nausea

text: and

text: panic

text: attacks

text: Lysergic acid, also known as -lysergic acid and (+)-lysergic acid, is a precursor for a wide range of ergoline alkaloids that are produced by the ergot fungus and found in the seeds of "Turbina corymbosa" (ololiuhqui), "Argyreia nervosa" (Hawaiian Baby Woodrose), and "Ipomoea tricolor" (morning glories, tlitliltzin). Amides of lysergic acid, lysergamides, are widely used as pharmaceuticals and as psychedelic drugs (LSD). Lysergic acid received its name as it was a product of the lysis of various ergot alkaloids.

text: Lysergic

text: acid

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: -lysergic

text: acid

text: and

text: -lysergic

text: acid

text: is

text: precursor

text: for

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: ergoline

text: alkaloids

text: that

text: are

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: ergot

text: fungus

text: and

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: seeds

text: of

text: Turbina

text: corymbosa

text: ololiuhqui

text: Argyreia

text: nervosa

text: Hawaiian

text: Baby

text: Woodrose

text: and

text: Ipomoea

text: tricolor

text: morning

text: glories

text: tlitliltzin

text: Amides

text: of

text: lysergic

text: acid

text: lysergamides

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: as

text: pharmaceuticals

text: and

text: as

text: psychedelic

text: drugs

text: LSD

text: Lysergic

text: acid

text: received

text: its

text: name

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: product

text: of

text: the

text: lysis

text: of

text: various

text: ergot

text: alkaloids

text: Ergoline is a chemical compound whose structural skeleton is contained in a diverse range of alkaloids. Ergoline derivatives are used clinically for the purpose of vasoconstriction (5-HT receptor agonistsergotamine) and in the treatment and alleviation of migraines (used with caffeine) and Parkinson's disease. Some ergoline alkaloids found in ergot fungi are implicated in the condition ergotism, which causes convulsive and gangrenous symptoms. Others are psychedelic substances, including LSD and some alkaloids in "Argyreia nervosa", "Ipomoea tricolor" and related species.

text: Ergoline

text: is

text: chemical

text: compound

text: whose

text: structural

text: skeleton

text: is

text: contained

text: in

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: alkaloids

text: Ergoline

text: derivatives

text: are

text: used

text: clinically

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: vasoconstriction

text: receptor

text: agonistsergotamine

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: and

text: alleviation

text: of

text: migraines

text: used

text: with

text: caffeine

text: and

text: Parkinson

text: 's

text: disease

text: Some

text: ergoline

text: alkaloids

text: found

text: in

text: ergot

text: fungi

text: are

text: implicated

text: in

text: the

text: condition

text: ergotism

text: which

text: causes

text: convulsive

text: and

text: gangrenous

text: symptoms

text: Others

text: are

text: psychedelic

text: substances

text: including

text: LSD

text: and

text: some

text: alkaloids

text: in

text: Argyreia

text: nervosa

text: Ipomoea

text: tricolor

text: and

text: related

text: species

text:
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known as acid, is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects. This may include altered awareness of the surroundings, perceptions, and feelings as well as sensations and images that seem real though they are not. It is used mainly as a recreational drug and for spiritual reasons. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue. It is often sold on blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. It can also be injected.
LSD is not addictive. However, adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions are possible. LSD is in the ergoline family. LSD is sensitive to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and chlorine, though it may last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In pure form it is odorless and clear or white in color. As little as 2030 micrograms can produce an effect.
LSD was first made by Albert Hofmann in Switzerland in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical from the fungus ergot. The laboratory name for the compound was the acronym for the German "Lyserg-säure-diäthylamid", followed by a sequential number: LSD-25. Hofmann discovered its psychedelic properties in 1943. LSD was introduced as a commercial medication under the trade-name Delysid for various psychiatric uses in 1947. In the 1950s, officials at the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) thought the drug might be useful for mind control and chemical warfare and tested the drug on young servicemen and students, and others without their knowledge. The subsequent recreational use by youth culture in the Western world as part of 1960s counterculture resulted in its prohibition.

text: Lysergic

text: acid

text: diethylamide

text: LSD

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: acid

text: is

text: psychedelic

text: drug

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: psychological

text: effects

text: This

text: may

text: include

text: altered

text: awareness

text: of

text: the

text: surroundings

text: perceptions

text: and

text: feelings

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: sensations

text: and

text: images

text: that

text: seem

text: real

text: though

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: mainly

text: as

text: recreational

text: drug

text: and

text: for

text: spiritual

text: reasons

text: LSD

text: is

text: typically

text: either

text: swallowed

text: or

text: held

text: under

text: the

text: tongue

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: sold

text: on

text: blotter

text: paper

text: sugar

text: cube

text: or

text: gelatin

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: injected

text: LSD

text: is

text: not

text: addictive

text: However

text: adverse

text: psychiatric

text: reactions

text: such

text: as

text: anxiety

text: paranoia

text: and

text: delusions

text: are

text: possible

text: LSD

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: ergoline

text: family

text: LSD

text: is

text: sensitive

text: to

text: oxygen

text: ultraviolet

text: light

text: and

text: chlorine

text: though

text: it

text: may

text: last

text: for

text: years

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: stored

text: away

text: from

text: light

text: and

text: moisture

text: at

text: low

text: temperature

text: In

text: pure

text: form

text: it

text: is

text: odorless

text: and

text: clear

text: or

text: white

text: in

text: color

text: As

text: little

text: as

text: micrograms

text: can

text: produce

text: an

text: effect

text: LSD

text: was

text: first

text: made

text: by

text: Albert

text: Hofmann

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: in

text: from

text: ergotamine

text: chemical

text: from

text: the

text: fungus

text: ergot

text: The

text: laboratory

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: compound

text: was

text: the

text: acronym

text: for

text: the

text: German

text: Lyserg

text: säure

text: diäthylamid

text: followed

text: by

text: sequential

text: number

text: Hofmann

text: discovered

text: its

text: psychedelic

text: properties

text: in

text: LSD

text: was

text: introduced

text: as

text: commercial

text: medication

text: under

text: the

text: trade

text: name

text: Delysid

text: for

text: various

text: psychiatric

text: uses

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: officials

text: at

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: Agency

text: CIA

text: thought

text: the

text: drug

text: might

text: be

text: useful

text: for

text: mind

text: control

text: and

text: chemical

text: warfare

text: and

text: tested

text: the

text: drug

text: on

text: young

text: servicemen

text: and

text: students

text: and

text: others

text: without

text: their

text: knowledge

text: The

text: subsequent

text: recreational

text: use

text: by

text: youth

text: culture

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: counterculture

text: resulted

text: in

text: its

text: prohibition

text: Mescaline, or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin.

text: Mescaline

text: or

text: is

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: psychedelic

text: alkaloid

text: of

text: the

text: phenethylamine

text: class

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: hallucinogenic

text: effects

text: comparable

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: LSD

text: and

text: psilocybin

text: Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist, best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He made a proposal for an information management system in March 1989, and he implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the Internet sometime around mid-November of that same year.

text: Sir

text: Timothy

text: John

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: born

text: June

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: TimBL

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: computer

text: scientist

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: He

text: made

text: proposal

text: for

text: an

text: information

text: management

text: system

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: he

text: implemented

text: the

text: first

text: successful

text: communication

text: between

text: Hypertext

text: Transfer

text: Protocol

text: HTTP

text: client

text: and

text: server

text: via

text: the

text: Internet

text: sometime

text: around

text: mid

text: November

text: of

text: that

text: same

text: year

text: Albert Hofmann ( January 11 , 1906 -- April 29 , 2008 ) was a Swiss scientist known best for being the first person to synthesize , ingest , and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD ) . Hofmann was also the first person to isolate , synthesize , and name the principal psychedelic mushroom compounds psilocybin and psilocin . He authored more than 100 scientific articles and numerous books , including LSD : Mein Sorgenkind ( LSD : My Problem Child ) . In 2007 , he shared first place , alongside Tim Berners - Lee , in a list of the 100 greatest living geniuses , published by The Telegraph newspaper .

text: Albert

text: Hofmann

text: January

text: April

text: was

text: Swiss

text: scientist

text: known

text: best

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: synthesize

text: ingest

text: and

text: learn

text: of

text: the

text: psychedelic

text: effects

text: of

text: lysergic

text: acid

text: diethylamide

text: LSD

text: Hofmann

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: isolate

text: synthesize

text: and

text: name

text: the

text: principal

text: psychedelic

text: mushroom

text: compounds

text: psilocybin

text: and

text: psilocin

text: He

text: authored

text: more

text: than

text: scientific

text: articles

text: and

text: numerous

text: books

text: including

text: LSD

text: Mein

text: Sorgenkind

text: LSD

text: My

text: Problem

text: Child

text: In

text: he

text: shared

text: first

text: place

text: alongside

text: Tim

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: in

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: living

text: geniuses

text: published

text: by

text: The

text: Telegraph

text: newspaper

text: Psilocin (also known as 4-HO-DMT, psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin) is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic substance. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. Psilocin is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable and subjective and resemble those of LSD and DMT.

text: Psilocin

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: DMT

text: psilocine

text: psilocyn

text: or

text: psilotsin

text: is

text: substituted

text: tryptamine

text: alkaloid

text: and

text: serotonergic

text: psychedelic

text: substance

text: It

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: most

text: psychedelic

text: mushrooms

text: together

text: with

text: its

text: phosphorylated

text: counterpart

text: psilocybin

text: Psilocin

text: is

text: Schedule

text: drug

text: under

text: the

text: Convention

text: on

text: Psychotropic

text: Substances

text: The

text: mind

text: altering

text: effects

text: of

text: psilocin

text: are

text: highly

text: variable

text: and

text: subjective

text: and

text: resemble

text: those

text: of

text: LSD

text: and

text: DMT

text: Albert Hofmann (11 January 1906  29 April 2008) was a Swiss scientist known best for being the first person to synthesize, ingest, and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Hofmann was also the first person to isolate, synthesize, and name the principal psychedelic mushroom compounds psilocybin and psilocin. He authored more than 100 scientific articles and numerous books, including "LSD: Mein Sorgenkind" ("LSD: My Problem Child"). In 2007, he shared first place, alongside Tim Berners-Lee, in a list of the 100 greatest living geniuses, published by "The Telegraph" newspaper.

text: Albert

text: Hofmann

text: January

text: April

text: was

text: Swiss

text: scientist

text: known

text: best

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: synthesize

text: ingest

text: and

text: learn

text: of

text: the

text: psychedelic

text: effects

text: of

text: lysergic

text: acid

text: diethylamide

text: LSD

text: Hofmann

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: isolate

text: synthesize

text: and

text: name

text: the

text: principal

text: psychedelic

text: mushroom

text: compounds

text: psilocybin

text: and

text: psilocin

text: He

text: authored

text: more

text: than

text: scientific

text: articles

text: and

text: numerous

text: books

text: including

text: LSD

text: Mein

text: Sorgenkind

text: LSD

text: My

text: Problem

text: Child

text: In

text: he

text: shared

text: first

text: place

text: alongside

text: Tim

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: in

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: living

text: geniuses

text: published

text: by

text: The

text: Telegraph

text: newspaper

text:
Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something bad is going to happen. The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes. Typically they last for about 30 minutes but the duration can vary from seconds to hours. There may be a fear of losing control or chest pain. Panic attacks themselves are not dangerous.
Panic attacks can occur due to number of disorders including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, drug use, depression, and medical problems. They can either be triggered or occur unexpectedly. Risk factors include smoking and psychological stress. Diagnosis should involve ruling out other conditions that can produce similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, heart disease, lung disease, and drug use.
Treatment of panic attacks should be directed at the underlying cause. In those with frequent attacks, counselling or medications may be used. Breathing training and muscle relaxation techniques may also help. Those affected are at a higher risk of suicide.
In Europe about 3% of the population has a panic attack in a given year while in the United States they affect about 11%. They are more common in females than males. They often begin during puberty or early adulthood. Children and older people are less commonly affected.

text: Panic

text: attacks

text: are

text: sudden

text: periods

text: of

text: intense

text: fear

text: that

text: may

text: include

text: palpitations

text: sweating

text: shaking

text: shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: numbness

text: or

text: feeling

text: that

text: something

text: bad

text: is

text: going

text: to

text: happen

text: The

text: maximum

text: degree

text: of

text: symptoms

text: occurs

text: within

text: minutes

text: Typically

text: they

text: last

text: for

text: about

text: minutes

text: but

text: the

text: duration

text: can

text: vary

text: from

text: seconds

text: to

text: hours

text: There

text: may

text: be

text: fear

text: of

text: losing

text: control

text: or

text: chest

text: pain

text: Panic

text: attacks

text: themselves

text: are

text: not

text: dangerous

text: Panic

text: attacks

text: can

text: occur

text: due

text: to

text: number

text: of

text: disorders

text: including

text: panic

text: disorder

text: social

text: anxiety

text: disorder

text: post

text: traumatic

text: stress

text: disorder

text: drug

text: use

text: depression

text: and

text: medical

text: problems

text: They

text: can

text: either

text: be

text: triggered

text: or

text: occur

text: unexpectedly

text: Risk

text: factors

text: include

text: smoking

text: and

text: psychological

text: stress

text: Diagnosis

text: should

text: involve

text: ruling

text: out

text: other

text: conditions

text: that

text: can

text: produce

text: similar

text: symptoms

text: including

text: hyperthyroidism

text: hyperparathyroidism

text: heart

text: disease

text: lung

text: disease

text: and

text: drug

text: use

text: Treatment

text: of

text: panic

text: attacks

text: should

text: be

text: directed

text: at

text: the

text: underlying

text: cause

text: In

text: those

text: with

text: frequent

text: attacks

text: counselling

text: or

text: medications

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: Breathing

text: training

text: and

text: muscle

text: relaxation

text: techniques

text: may

text: also

text: help

text: Those

text: affected

text: are

text: at

text: higher

text: risk

text: of

text: suicide

text: In

text: Europe

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: has

text: panic

text: attack

text: in

text: given

text: year

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: they

text: affect

text: about

text: They

text: are

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: females

text: than

text: males

text: They

text: often

text: begin

text: during

text: puberty

text: or

text: early

text: adulthood

text: Children

text: and

text: older

text: people

text: are

text: less

text: commonly

text: affected

text:
A prodrug is a medication or compound that, after administration, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Inactive prodrugs are pharmacologically inactive medications that are metabolized into an active form within the body. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug might be used instead to improve how a medicine is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME). Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target. This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
History.
Many herbal extracts historically used in medicine contain glycosides (sugar derivatives) of the active agent, which are hydrolyzed in the intestines to release the active and more bioavailable aglycone. For example, salicin is a -D-glucopyranoside that is cleaved by esterases to release salicylic acid. Aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, first made by Felix Hoffmann at Bayer in 1897, is a synthetic prodrug of salicylic acid. However, in other cases, such as codeine and morphine, the administered drug is enzymatically activated to form sugar derivatives (morphine-glucuronides) that are more active than the parent compound.

text: prodrug

text: is

text: medication

text: or

text: compound

text: that

text: after

text: administration

text: is

text: metabolized

text: i.e.

text: converted

text: within

text: the

text: body

text: into

text: pharmacologically

text: active

text: drug

text: Inactive

text: prodrugs

text: are

text: pharmacologically

text: inactive

text: medications

text: that

text: are

text: metabolized

text: into

text: an

text: active

text: form

text: within

text: the

text: body

text: Instead

text: of

text: administering

text: drug

text: directly

text: corresponding

text: prodrug

text: might

text: be

text: used

text: instead

text: to

text: improve

text: how

text: medicine

text: is

text: absorbed

text: distributed

text: metabolized

text: and

text: excreted

text: ADME

text: Prodrugs

text: are

text: often

text: designed

text: to

text: improve

text: bioavailability

text: when

text: drug

text: itself

text: is

text: poorly

text: absorbed

text: from

text: the

text: gastrointestinal

text: tract

text: prodrug

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: improve

text: how

text: selectively

text: the

text: drug

text: interacts

text: with

text: cells

text: or

text: processes

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: its

text: intended

text: target

text: This

text: reduces

text: adverse

text: or

text: unintended

text: effects

text: of

text: drug

text: especially

text: important

text: in

text: treatments

text: like

text: chemotherapy

text: which

text: can

text: have

text: severe

text: unintended

text: and

text: undesirable

text: side

text: effects

text: History

text: Many

text: herbal

text: extracts

text: historically

text: used

text: in

text: medicine

text: contain

text: glycosides

text: sugar

text: derivatives

text: of

text: the

text: active

text: agent

text: which

text: are

text: hydrolyzed

text: in

text: the

text: intestines

text: to

text: release

text: the

text: active

text: and

text: more

text: bioavailable

text: aglycone

text: For

text: example

text: salicin

text: is

text: -D

text: glucopyranoside

text: that

text: is

text: cleaved

text: by

text: esterases

text: to

text: release

text: salicylic

text: acid

text: Aspirin

text: acetylsalicylic

text: acid

text: first

text: made

text: by

text: Felix

text: Hoffmann

text: at

text: Bayer

text: in

text: is

text: synthetic

text: prodrug

text: of

text: salicylic

text: acid

text: However

text: in

text: other

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: codeine

text: and

text: morphine

text: the

text: administered

text: drug

text: is

text: enzymatically

text: activated

text: to

text: form

text: sugar

text: derivatives

text: morphine

text: glucuronides

text: that

text: are

text: more

text: active

text: than

text: the

text: parent

text: compound

text: The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and psychedelics signed in Vienna, Austria on 21 February 1971. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 could not ban the many newly discovered psychotropics, since its scope was limited to drugs with cannabis, coca, and opium-like effects.

text: The

text: Convention

text: on

text: Psychotropic

text: Substances

text: of

text: is

text: United

text: Nations

text: treaty

text: designed

text: to

text: control

text: psychoactive

text: drugs

text: such

text: as

text: amphetamine

text: type

text: stimulants

text: barbiturates

text: benzodiazepines

text: and

text: psychedelics

text: signed

text: in

text: Vienna

text: Austria

text: on

text: February

text: The

text: Single

text: Convention

text: on

text: Narcotic

text: Drugs

text: of

text: could

text: not

text: ban

text: the

text: many

text: newly

text: discovered

text: psychotropics

text: since

text: its

text: scope

text: was

text: limited

text: to

text: drugs

text: with

text: cannabis

text: coca

text: and

text: opium

text: like

text: effects

text: The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet. English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.

text: The

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: abbreviated

text: WWW

text: or

text: the

text: Web

text: is

text: an

text: information

text: space

text: where

text: documents

text: and

text: other

text: web

text: resources

text: are

text: identified

text: by

text: Uniform

text: Resource

text: Locators

text: URLs

text: interlinked

text: by

text: hypertext

text: links

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: accessed

text: via

text: the

text: Internet

text: English

text: scientist

text: Tim

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: invented

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: in

text: He

text: wrote

text: the

text: first

text: web

text: browser

text: computer

text: program

text: in

text: while

text: employed

text: at

text: CERN

text: in

text: Switzerland

annotations: follows single

question: date_of_birth albert hofmann

answer: 11 january 1906

text: 11 january 1906