text: Durban (from "itheku" meaning "bay/lagoon") is the largest city in the South African province of KwaZulu-Natal. Durban's metropolitan municipality ranks third among the most populous urban areas in South Africa after Johannesburg and Cape Town. It is also the second most important manufacturing hub in South Africa after Johannesburg. It forms part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. Durban is famous for being the busiest port in South Africa. It is also seen as one of the major centres of tourism because of the city's warm subtropical climate and extensive beaches. The municipality, which includes neighbouring towns, has a population of almost 3.5 million, making the combined municipality one of the biggest cities on the Indian Ocean coast of the African continent. It is the largest city in KwaZulu-Natal which is the 2nd most populous province in South Africa. It has the highest number of dollar millionaires added per year of any South African city with the number rising 200% between 2000 and 2014.

text: Durban

text: from

text: itheku

text: meaning

text: bay

text: lagoon

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: province

text: of

text: KwaZulu

text: Natal

text: Durban

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: municipality

text: ranks

text: third

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: areas

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: after

text: Johannesburg

text: and

text: Cape

text: Town

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: important

text: manufacturing

text: hub

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: after

text: Johannesburg

text: It

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: eThekwini

text: Metropolitan

text: Municipality

text: Durban

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: busiest

text: port

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: seen

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: centres

text: of

text: tourism

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: warm

text: subtropical

text: climate

text: and

text: extensive

text: beaches

text: The

text: municipality

text: which

text: includes

text: neighbouring

text: towns

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: making

text: the

text: combined

text: municipality

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: cities

text: on

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: KwaZulu

text: Natal

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: number

text: of

text: dollar

text: millionaires

text: added

text: per

text: year

text: of

text: any

text: South

text: African

text: city

text: with

text: the

text: number

text: rising

text: between

text: and

text: Lesotho, officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is an enclaved, landlocked country in southern Africa completely surrounded by South Africa. It is just over in size and has a population slightly over two million. Its capital and largest city is Maseru.

text: Lesotho

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Lesotho

text: is

text: an

text: enclaved

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: completely

text: surrounded

text: by

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: just

text: over

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: slightly

text: over

text: two

text: million

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Maseru

text: A Bantustan (also known as Bantu homeland, black homeland, black state or simply homeland) was a territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia), as part of the policy of apartheid. Ten Bantustans were established in South Africa, and ten in neighbouring South West Africa (then under South African administration), for the purpose of concentrating the members of designated ethnic groups, thus making each of those territories ethnically homogeneous as the basis for creating "autonomous" nation states for South Africa's different black ethnic groups.

text: Bantustan

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Bantu

text: homeland

text: black

text: homeland

text: black

text: state

text: or

text: simply

text: homeland

text: was

text: territory

text: set

text: aside

text: for

text: black

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: South

text: West

text: Africa

text: now

text: Namibia

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: policy

text: of

text: apartheid

text: Ten

text: Bantustans

text: were

text: established

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: ten

text: in

text: neighbouring

text: South

text: West

text: Africa

text: then

text: under

text: South

text: African

text: administration

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: concentrating

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: designated

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: thus

text: making

text: each

text: of

text: those

text: territories

text: ethnically

text: homogeneous

text: as

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: creating

text: autonomous

text: nation

text: states

text: for

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: different

text: black

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: The Province of Natal, commonly called the Natal Province, was a province of South Africa from 1910 until 1994. Its capital was Pietermaritzburg. The Natal Province included the bantustan of KwaZulu. The majority of the white population were English-speaking, causing Natal to become the only province to vote "no" to the creation of a republic in the referendum of 1960. In the latter part of the 1980s, Natal was in a state of violence that only ended with the first multiracial elections in 1994.

text: The

text: Province

text: of

text: Natal

text: commonly

text: called

text: the

text: Natal

text: Province

text: was

text: province

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: from

text: until

text: Its

text: capital

text: was

text: Pietermaritzburg

text: The

text: Natal

text: Province

text: included

text: the

text: bantustan

text: of

text: KwaZulu

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: white

text: population

text: were

text: English

text: speaking

text: causing

text: Natal

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: only

text: province

text: to

text: vote

text: no

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: referendum

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: latter

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Natal

text: was

text: in

text: state

text: of

text: violence

text: that

text: only

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: multiracial

text: elections

text: in

text: Apartheid was a system of institutionalised racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa between 1948 and 1991, when it was abolished. The country's first multiracial elections under a universal franchise were held three years later in 1994. Broadly speaking, apartheid was delineated into "petty apartheid", which entailed the segregation of public facilities and social events, and "grand apartheid", which dictated housing and employment opportunities by race. Prior to the 1940s, some vestiges of apartheid had already emerged in the form of minority rule by white South Africans and the socially enforced separation of black South Africans from other races, which later extended to pass laws and land apportionment. Apartheid as a policy was embraced by the South African government shortly after the ascension of the National Party (NP) during the country's 1948 general elections. Apartheid was also enforced in South West Africa until it gained independence as Namibia in 1990.

text: Apartheid

text: was

text: system

text: of

text: institutionalised

text: racial

text: segregation

text: and

text: discrimination

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: between

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: abolished

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: first

text: multiracial

text: elections

text: under

text: universal

text: franchise

text: were

text: held

text: three

text: years

text: later

text: in

text: Broadly

text: speaking

text: apartheid

text: was

text: delineated

text: into

text: petty

text: apartheid

text: which

text: entailed

text: the

text: segregation

text: of

text: public

text: facilities

text: and

text: social

text: events

text: and

text: grand

text: apartheid

text: which

text: dictated

text: housing

text: and

text: employment

text: opportunities

text: by

text: race

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: some

text: vestiges

text: of

text: apartheid

text: had

text: already

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: minority

text: rule

text: by

text: white

text: South

text: Africans

text: and

text: the

text: socially

text: enforced

text: separation

text: of

text: black

text: South

text: Africans

text: from

text: other

text: races

text: which

text: later

text: extended

text: to

text: pass

text: laws

text: and

text: land

text: apportionment

text: Apartheid

text: as

text: policy

text: was

text: embraced

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: government

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: ascension

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Party

text: NP

text: during

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: general

text: elections

text: Apartheid

text: was

text: also

text: enforced

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: Africa

text: until

text: it

text: gained

text: independence

text: as

text: Namibia

text: in

text: Bongi Sithole is a member of the African National Congress and former mayor of Umgungundlovu District Municipality . In 2008 , she was fired from her mayoral post for the misappropriation of council funds and the appointment of unqualified persons to senior positions . In March 2009 , however , she landed a R620 , 000 - per - annum job with the KwaZulu - Natal government , courtesy of MEC for Local Government Mike Mabuyakhulu . As late as early April , however , local media were reporting that Sithole was out of a job and owed many thousands of Rands to various creditors , and that her furniture and car were soon to be auctioned for the purpose . On 13 April , however , the Inkatha Freedom Party , official opposition to the ANC in KZN , reported that it had been `` reliably informed '' that Sithole had recently been appointed Dispute Resolution Manager in the provincial Department of Local Government , `` in a process riddled with irregularities and irony . '' According to IFP local government spokesperson Peter Smith , `` Sithole was appointed at the end of March in a hurry to fill vacancies across the provincial government before the election . Her job was never advertised and was apparently created for her by the Head of Department Gabi Gumbi - Masilela . '' Smith described the appointment as `` a textbook example of conflict of interest '' , noting that in her new role Sithole will oversee disputes between the department and the municipalities in spite of the fact that Umgungundlovu , the municipality from which she was ousted , is one of them .

text: Bongi

text: Sithole

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: National

text: Congress

text: and

text: former

text: mayor

text: of

text: Umgungundlovu

text: District

text: Municipality

text: In

text: she

text: was

text: fired

text: from

text: her

text: mayoral

text: post

text: for

text: the

text: misappropriation

text: of

text: council

text: funds

text: and

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: unqualified

text: persons

text: to

text: senior

text: positions

text: In

text: March

text: however

text: she

text: landed

text: per

text: annum

text: job

text: with

text: the

text: KwaZulu

text: Natal

text: government

text: courtesy

text: of

text: MEC

text: for

text: Local

text: Government

text: Mike

text: Mabuyakhulu

text: As

text: late

text: as

text: early

text: April

text: however

text: local

text: media

text: were

text: reporting

text: that

text: Sithole

text: was

text: out

text: of

text: job

text: and

text: owed

text: many

text: thousands

text: of

text: Rands

text: to

text: various

text: creditors

text: and

text: that

text: her

text: furniture

text: and

text: car

text: were

text: soon

text: to

text: be

text: auctioned

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: On

text: April

text: however

text: the

text: Inkatha

text: Freedom

text: Party

text: official

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: ANC

text: in

text: KZN

text: reported

text: that

text: it

text: had

text: been

text: reliably

text: informed

text: that

text: Sithole

text: had

text: recently

text: been

text: appointed

text: Dispute

text: Resolution

text: Manager

text: in

text: the

text: provincial

text: Department

text: of

text: Local

text: Government

text: in

text: process

text: riddled

text: with

text: irregularities

text: and

text: irony

text: According

text: to

text: IFP

text: local

text: government

text: spokesperson

text: Peter

text: Smith

text: Sithole

text: was

text: appointed

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: in

text: hurry

text: to

text: fill

text: vacancies

text: across

text: the

text: provincial

text: government

text: before

text: the

text: election

text: Her

text: job

text: was

text: never

text: advertised

text: and

text: was

text: apparently

text: created

text: for

text: her

text: by

text: the

text: Head

text: of

text: Department

text: Gabi

text: Gumbi

text: Masilela

text: Smith

text: described

text: the

text: appointment

text: as

text: textbook

text: example

text: of

text: conflict

text: of

text: interest

text: noting

text: that

text: in

text: her

text: new

text: role

text: Sithole

text: will

text: oversee

text: disputes

text: between

text: the

text: department

text: and

text: the

text: municipalities

text: in

text: spite

text: of

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: Umgungundlovu

text: the

text: municipality

text: from

text: which

text: she

text: was

text: ousted

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: them

text: Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland (or ; Swazi: "Umbuso weSwatini"; sometimes called kaNgwane or Eswatini), is a sovereign state in Southern Africa. It is neighboured by Mozambique to its northeast and by South Africa to its north, west and south. The country and its people take their names from Mswati II, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified.

text: Swaziland

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Swaziland

text: or

text: Swazi

text: Umbuso

text: weSwatini

text: sometimes

text: called

text: kaNgwane

text: or

text: Eswatini

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: neighboured

text: by

text: Mozambique

text: to

text: its

text: northeast

text: and

text: by

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: its

text: north

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: and

text: its

text: people

text: take

text: their

text: names

text: from

text: Mswati

text: II

text: the

text: century

text: king

text: under

text: whose

text: rule

text: Swazi

text: territory

text: was

text: expanded

text: and

text: unified

text: South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. It is the only country that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry.

text: South

text: Africa

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: RSA

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: of

text: coastline

text: of

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: stretching

text: along

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Indian

text: Oceans

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: of

text: Namibia

text: Botswana

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: Mozambique

text: and

text: Swaziland

text: and

text: surrounding

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Lesotho

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: with

text: close

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: nation

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: or

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: that

text: borders

text: both

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: About

text: percent

text: of

text: South

text: Africans

text: are

text: of

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: African

text: ancestry

text: divided

text: among

text: variety

text: of

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: speaking

text: different

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: nine

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: official

text: status

text: The

text: remaining

text: population

text: consists

text: of

text: Africa

text: 's

text: largest

text: communities

text: of

text: European

text: white

text: Asian

text: Indian

text: and

text: multiracial

text: coloured

text: ancestry

text: Gauteng, which means "place of gold", is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. It was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first all-race elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named PretoriaWitwatersrandVereeniging (PWV) and was renamed "Gauteng" in December 1994.

text: Gauteng

text: which

text: means

text: place

text: of

text: gold

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: provinces

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: from

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: Transvaal

text: Province

text: after

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: first

text: all

text: race

text: elections

text: on

text: April

text: It

text: was

text: initially

text: named

text: PretoriaWitwatersrandVereeniging

text: PWV

text: and

text: was

text: renamed

text: Gauteng

text: in

text: December

text: Mozambique (or ), officially the Republic of Mozambique (or "") is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest. It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city is Maputo (known as "Lourenço Marques" before independence).

text: Mozambique

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Mozambique

text: or

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Africa

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Tanzania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Malawi

text: and

text: Zambia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Zimbabwe

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Swaziland

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Madagascar

text: by

text: the

text: Mozambique

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Maputo

text: known

text: as

text: Lourenço

text: Marques

text: before

text: independence

text: Pietermaritzburg (Zulu: umGungundlovu) is the capital and second-largest city in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and is also regarded as the birth place of legends . It was founded in 1838 and is currently governed by the Msunduzi Local Municipality. Its Zulu name umGungundlovu is the name used for the district municipality. Pietermaritzburg is popularly called Maritzburg in English and Zulu alike, and often informally abbreviated to PMB. It is a regionally important industrial hub, producing aluminium, timber and dairy products. It is home to many schools and tertiary education institutions, including a campus of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. It had a population of 228,549 in 1991; the estimated current population is around 500,000 (including neighbouring townships) and has one of the largest populations of Indian South Africans in South Africa.

text: Pietermaritzburg

text: Zulu

text: umGungundlovu

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: KwaZulu

text: Natal

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: birth

text: place

text: of

text: legends

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: currently

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Msunduzi

text: Local

text: Municipality

text: Its

text: Zulu

text: name

text: umGungundlovu

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: district

text: municipality

text: Pietermaritzburg

text: is

text: popularly

text: called

text: Maritzburg

text: in

text: English

text: and

text: Zulu

text: alike

text: and

text: often

text: informally

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: PMB

text: It

text: is

text: regionally

text: important

text: industrial

text: hub

text: producing

text: aluminium

text: timber

text: and

text: dairy

text: products

text: It

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: schools

text: and

text: tertiary

text: education

text: institutions

text: including

text: campus

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: KwaZulu

text: Natal

text: It

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: the

text: estimated

text: current

text: population

text: is

text: around

text: including

text: neighbouring

text: townships

text: and

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: populations

text: of

text: Indian

text: South

text: Africans

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: uMgungundlovu is one of the 11 district municipalities ("districts") of KwaZulu-Natal province. The seat of uMgungundlovu is Pietermaritzburg. The majority of its 927 834 people speak Zulu (2001 Census). The district code is DC22

text: uMgungundlovu

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: municipalities

text: districts

text: of

text: KwaZulu

text: Natal

text: province

text: The

text: seat

text: of

text: uMgungundlovu

text: is

text: Pietermaritzburg

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: people

text: speak

text: Zulu

text: Census

text: The

text: district

text: code

text: is

text: KwaZulu was a bantustan in South Africa, intended by the apartheid government as a semi-independent homeland for the Zulu people. The capital was moved from Nongoma to Ulundi in 1980.

text: KwaZulu

text: was

text: bantustan

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: intended

text: by

text: the

text: apartheid

text: government

text: as

text: semi

text: independent

text: homeland

text: for

text: the

text: Zulu

text: people

text: The

text: capital

text: was

text: moved

text: from

text: Nongoma

text: to

text: Ulundi

text: in

text: The African National Congress (ANC) is the Republic of South Africa's governing social democratic political party. It has been the ruling party of post-apartheid South Africa on the national level, beginning with the election of Nelson Mandela in the 1994 election, the first election after the end of apartheid. Today, the ANC remains the dominant political party in South Africa, winning every election since 1994. Its leader Jacob Zuma is the incumbent president of South Africa.

text: The

text: African

text: National

text: Congress

text: ANC

text: is

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: governing

text: social

text: democratic

text: political

text: party

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: ruling

text: party

text: of

text: post

text: apartheid

text: South

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: national

text: level

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: election

text: of

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: in

text: the

text: election

text: the

text: first

text: election

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: apartheid

text: Today

text: the

text: ANC

text: remains

text: the

text: dominant

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: winning

text: every

text: election

text: since

text: Its

text: leader

text: Jacob

text: Zuma

text: is

text: the

text: incumbent

text: president

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as "Ratnkara", ""the mine of gems"" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as "Hind Mahsgar", ""the great Indian sea"", in Hindi.

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: covering

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Australia

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: by

text: Antarctica

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Ratnkara

text: the

text: mine

text: of

text: gems

text: in

text: ancient

text: Sanskrit

text: literature

text: and

text: as

text: Hind

text: Mahsgar

text: the

text: great

text: Indian

text: sea

text: in

text: Hindi

text: KwaZulu-Natal (also referred to as KZN and known as "the garden province") is a province of South Africa that was created in 1994 when the Zulu bantustan of KwaZulu ("Place of the Zulu" in Zulu) and Natal Province were merged. It is located in the southeast of the country, enjoying a long shoreline beside the Indian Ocean and sharing borders with three other provinces and the countries of Mozambique, Swaziland and Lesotho. Its capital is Pietermaritzburg and its largest city is Durban. It is the 2nd most populous province in South Africa, with slightly fewer residents than Gauteng.

text: KwaZulu

text: Natal

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: KZN

text: and

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: garden

text: province

text: is

text: province

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: that

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Zulu

text: bantustan

text: of

text: KwaZulu

text: Place

text: of

text: the

text: Zulu

text: in

text: Zulu

text: and

text: Natal

text: Province

text: were

text: merged

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: enjoying

text: long

text: shoreline

text: beside

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: and

text: sharing

text: borders

text: with

text: three

text: other

text: provinces

text: and

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Mozambique

text: Swaziland

text: and

text: Lesotho

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Pietermaritzburg

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Durban

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: with

text: slightly

text: fewer

text: residents

text: than

text: Gauteng

text:
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918  5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, politician, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he served as President of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.
A Xhosa, Mandela was born in Mvezo to the Thembu royal family. He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of the Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg. There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics, joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944. After the National Party's white-only government established apartheida system of racial segregation that privileged whiteshe and the ANC committed themselves to its overthrow. Mandela was appointed President of the ANC's Transvaal branch, rising to prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People. He was repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial. Influenced by Marxism, he secretly joined the South African Communist Party (SACP). Although initially committed to non-violent protest, in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant Umkhonto we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government. In 1962, he was arrested for conspiring to overthrow the state and sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia Trial.
Mandela served 27 years in prison, initially on Robben Island, and later in Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. Amid growing domestic and international pressure, and with fears of a racial civil war, President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990. Mandela and de Klerk negotiated an end to apartheid and organised the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became President. Leading a broad coalition government which promulgated a new constitution, Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country's racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses. Economically, Mandela's administration retained its predecessor's liberal framework despite his own socialist beliefs, also introducing measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty, and expand healthcare services. Internationally, he acted as mediator in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial and served as Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999. He declined a second presidential term and in 1999 was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the charitable Nelson Mandela Foundation.
Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life. Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist and those on the radical left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid's supporters, he gained international acclaim for his activism. Widely regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice, he received more than 250 honoursincluding the Nobel Peace Prizeand became the subject of a cult of personality. He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his Xhosa clan name, Madiba, and described as the "Father of the Nation".

text: Nelson

text: Rolihlahla

text: Mandela

text: July

text: December

text: was

text: South

text: African

text: anti

text: apartheid

text: revolutionary

text: politician

text: and

text: philanthropist

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: first

text: black

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: elected

text: in

text: fully

text: representative

text: democratic

text: election

text: His

text: government

text: focused

text: on

text: dismantling

text: the

text: legacy

text: of

text: apartheid

text: by

text: tackling

text: institutionalised

text: racism

text: and

text: fostering

text: racial

text: reconciliation

text: Ideologically

text: an

text: African

text: nationalist

text: and

text: socialist

text: he

text: served

text: as

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: National

text: Congress

text: ANC

text: party

text: from

text: to

text: Xhosa

text: Mandela

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Mvezo

text: to

text: the

text: Thembu

text: royal

text: family

text: He

text: studied

text: law

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Fort

text: Hare

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: the

text: Witwatersrand

text: before

text: working

text: as

text: lawyer

text: in

text: Johannesburg

text: There

text: he

text: became

text: involved

text: in

text: anti

text: colonial

text: and

text: African

text: nationalist

text: politics

text: joining

text: the

text: ANC

text: in

text: and

text: co

text: founding

text: its

text: Youth

text: League

text: in

text: After

text: the

text: National

text: Party

text: 's

text: white

text: only

text: government

text: established

text: apartheida

text: system

text: of

text: racial

text: segregation

text: that

text: privileged

text: whiteshe

text: and

text: the

text: ANC

text: committed

text: themselves

text: to

text: its

text: overthrow

text: Mandela

text: was

text: appointed

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: ANC

text: 's

text: Transvaal

text: branch

text: rising

text: to

text: prominence

text: for

text: his

text: involvement

text: in

text: the

text: Defiance

text: Campaign

text: and

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: He

text: was

text: repeatedly

text: arrested

text: for

text: seditious

text: activities

text: and

text: was

text: unsuccessfully

text: prosecuted

text: in

text: the

text: Treason

text: Trial

text: Influenced

text: by

text: Marxism

text: he

text: secretly

text: joined

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: Communist

text: Party

text: SACP

text: Although

text: initially

text: committed

text: to

text: non

text: violent

text: protest

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: SACP

text: he

text: co

text: founded

text: the

text: militant

text: Umkhonto

text: we

text: Sizwe

text: in

text: and

text: led

text: sabotage

text: campaign

text: against

text: the

text: government

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: arrested

text: for

text: conspiring

text: to

text: overthrow

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: sentenced

text: to

text: life

text: imprisonment

text: in

text: the

text: Rivonia

text: Trial

text: Mandela

text: served

text: years

text: in

text: prison

text: initially

text: on

text: Robben

text: Island

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: Pollsmoor

text: Prison

text: and

text: Victor

text: Verster

text: Prison

text: Amid

text: growing

text: domestic

text: and

text: international

text: pressure

text: and

text: with

text: fears

text: of

text: racial

text: civil

text: war

text: President

text: de

text: Klerk

text: released

text: him

text: in

text: Mandela

text: and

text: de

text: Klerk

text: negotiated

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: apartheid

text: and

text: organised

text: the

text: multiracial

text: general

text: election

text: in

text: which

text: Mandela

text: led

text: the

text: ANC

text: to

text: victory

text: and

text: became

text: President

text: Leading

text: broad

text: coalition

text: government

text: which

text: promulgated

text: new

text: constitution

text: Mandela

text: emphasised

text: reconciliation

text: between

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: racial

text: groups

text: and

text: created

text: the

text: Truth

text: and

text: Reconciliation

text: Commission

text: to

text: investigate

text: past

text: human

text: rights

text: abuses

text: Economically

text: Mandela

text: 's

text: administration

text: retained

text: its

text: predecessor

text: 's

text: liberal

text: framework

text: despite

text: his

text: own

text: socialist

text: beliefs

text: also

text: introducing

text: measures

text: to

text: encourage

text: land

text: reform

text: combat

text: poverty

text: and

text: expand

text: healthcare

text: services

text: Internationally

text: he

text: acted

text: as

text: mediator

text: in

text: the

text: Pan

text: Am

text: Flight

text: bombing

text: trial

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: Secretary

text: General

text: of

text: the

text: Non

text: Aligned

text: Movement

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: declined

text: second

text: presidential

text: term

text: and

text: in

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: his

text: deputy

text: Thabo

text: Mbeki

text: Mandela

text: became

text: an

text: elder

text: statesman

text: and

text: focused

text: on

text: combating

text: poverty

text: and

text: HIV

text: AIDS

text: through

text: the

text: charitable

text: Nelson

text: Mandela

text: Foundation

text: Mandela

text: was

text: controversial

text: figure

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: Although

text: critics

text: on

text: the

text: right

text: denounced

text: him

text: as

text: communist

text: terrorist

text: and

text: those

text: on

text: the

text: radical

text: left

text: deemed

text: him

text: too

text: eager

text: to

text: negotiate

text: and

text: reconcile

text: with

text: apartheid

text: 's

text: supporters

text: he

text: gained

text: international

text: acclaim

text: for

text: his

text: activism

text: Widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: an

text: icon

text: of

text: democracy

text: and

text: social

text: justice

text: he

text: received

text: more

text: than

text: honoursincluding

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Peace

text: Prizeand

text: became

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: cult

text: of

text: personality

text: He

text: is

text: held

text: in

text: deep

text: respect

text: within

text: South

text: Africa

text: where

text: he

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: his

text: Xhosa

text: clan

text: name

text: Madiba

text: and

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: Father

text: of

text: the

text: Nation

text: Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma, GCB (born 12 April 1942) is the President of South Africa, elected by parliament following his party's victory in the 2009 general election. He was re-elected in the 2014 election.

text: Jacob

text: Gedleyihlekisa

text: Zuma

text: GCB

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: elected

text: by

text: parliament

text: following

text: his

text: party

text: 's

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: He

text: was

text: re

text: elected

text: in

text: the

text: election

question: country_of_citizenship bongi sithole

answer: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa

text: south africa


text: Lyric Street Records was an American record label of the Disney Music Group that specialized in country music.

text: Lyric

text: Street

text: Records

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: of

text: the

text: Disney

text: Music

text: Group

text: that

text: specialized

text: in

text: country

text: music

text: Still Feels Good is the fifth studio album released by the American country music group Rascal Flatts. It was released September 25, 2007 on Lyric Street Records. It sold 2,192,000 copies in the United States up to May 2009 and was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA.

text: Still

text: Feels

text: Good

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: studio

text: album

text: released

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: country

text: music

text: group

text: Rascal

text: Flatts

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: September

text: on

text: Lyric

text: Street

text: Records

text: It

text: sold

text: copies

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: up

text: to

text: May

text: and

text: was

text: certified

text: 2×

text: Platinum

text: by

text: the

text: RIAA

text: Samuel Timothy "Tim" McGraw (born May 1, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter and actor. He has been married to singer Faith Hill since 1996, and is the son of the late baseball player Tug McGraw.

text: Samuel

text: Timothy

text: Tim

text: McGraw

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: actor

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: married

text: to

text: singer

text: Faith

text: Hill

text: since

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: baseball

text: player

text: Tug

text: McGraw

text: A pianist is an individual musician who plays the piano. Most forms of Western music can make use of the piano. Consequently, pianists have a wide variety of repertoire and styles to choose from, including traditionally classical music, Jazz, blues and all sorts of popular music, including rock music. Most pianists can, to a certain extent, play other keyboard-related instruments such as the synthesizer, harpsichord, celesta and the organ and keyboard. Perhaps the greatest pianist of all time was Franz Liszt, whose piano mastery was described by Anton Rubinstein: "In comparison with Liszt, all other pianists are children".

text: pianist

text: is

text: an

text: individual

text: musician

text: who

text: plays

text: the

text: piano

text: Most

text: forms

text: of

text: Western

text: music

text: can

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: piano

text: Consequently

text: pianists

text: have

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: repertoire

text: and

text: styles

text: to

text: choose

text: from

text: including

text: traditionally

text: classical

text: music

text: Jazz

text: blues

text: and

text: all

text: sorts

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: including

text: rock

text: music

text: Most

text: pianists

text: can

text: to

text: certain

text: extent

text: play

text: other

text: keyboard

text: related

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: synthesizer

text: harpsichord

text: celesta

text: and

text: the

text: organ

text: and

text: keyboard

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: greatest

text: pianist

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: was

text: Franz

text: Liszt

text: whose

text: piano

text: mastery

text: was

text: described

text: by

text: Anton

text: Rubinstein

text: In

text: comparison

text: with

text: Liszt

text: all

text: other

text: pianists

text: are

text: children

text: Faith Hill (born Audrey Faith Perry; September 21, 1967) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and record producer. She is one of the most successful country artists of all time, having sold more than 40 million albums worldwide. Hill is married to American singer Tim McGraw, with whom she has recorded several duets.

text: Faith

text: Hill

text: born

text: Audrey

text: Faith

text: Perry

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: actress

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: She

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: country

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: having

text: sold

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: albums

text: worldwide

text: Hill

text: is

text: married

text: to

text: American

text: singer

text: Tim

text: McGraw

text: with

text: whom

text: she

text: has

text: recorded

text: several

text: duets

text: The word Dobro is, in popular usage, the generic term for a wood-bodied, single cone resonator guitar. It is also an American brand of resonator guitar, currently owned by the Gibson Guitar Corporation. The Dobro was originally made by the Dopyera brothers when they formed the Dobro Manufacturing Company. Their design, with a single inverted resonator, was introduced in competition to the patented Tricone and biscuit designs produced by the National String Instrument Corporation. The Dobro name appeared on other instruments, notably electric lap steel guitars and solid body electric guitars and on other resonator instruments such as Safari resonator mandolins.

text: The

text: word

text: Dobro

text: is

text: in

text: popular

text: usage

text: the

text: generic

text: term

text: for

text: wood

text: bodied

text: single

text: cone

text: resonator

text: guitar

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: American

text: brand

text: of

text: resonator

text: guitar

text: currently

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Gibson

text: Guitar

text: Corporation

text: The

text: Dobro

text: was

text: originally

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: Dopyera

text: brothers

text: when

text: they

text: formed

text: the

text: Dobro

text: Manufacturing

text: Company

text: Their

text: design

text: with

text: single

text: inverted

text: resonator

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: competition

text: to

text: the

text: patented

text: Tricone

text: and

text: biscuit

text: designs

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: String

text: Instrument

text: Corporation

text: The

text: Dobro

text: name

text: appeared

text: on

text: other

text: instruments

text: notably

text: electric

text: lap

text: steel

text: guitars

text: and

text: solid

text: body

text: electric

text: guitars

text: and

text: on

text: other

text: resonator

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: Safari

text: resonator

text: mandolins

text: `` Every Day '' is a song written by Jeffrey Steele and Alissa Moreno and recorded by American country music group Rascal Flatts . It was released in March 2008 as the third single from their album Still Feels Good . It became their nineteenth consecutive Top 10 hit , reaching # 2 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts .

text: Every

text: Day

text: is

text: song

text: written

text: by

text: Jeffrey

text: Steele

text: and

text: Alissa

text: Moreno

text: and

text: recorded

text: by

text: American

text: country

text: music

text: group

text: Rascal

text: Flatts

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: March

text: as

text: the

text: third

text: single

text: from

text: their

text: album

text: Still

text: Feels

text: Good

text: It

text: became

text: their

text: nineteenth

text: consecutive

text: Top

text: hit

text: reaching

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: Country

text: Songs

text: charts

text: Fiddle is another name for the bowed string musical instrument more often called a violin. It is also a colloquial term for the instrument used by players in all genres, including classical music. Fiddle playing, or fiddling, refers to various styles of music. Fiddle is also a common term among musicians who play folk music on the violin. The fiddle is part of many traditional (folk) styles of music which are aural traditions, taught 'by ear' rather than via written music. Fiddle is normally the term used for Irish Traditional Music.

text: Fiddle

text: is

text: another

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: bowed

text: string

text: musical

text: instrument

text: more

text: often

text: called

text: violin

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: colloquial

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: instrument

text: used

text: by

text: players

text: in

text: all

text: genres

text: including

text: classical

text: music

text: Fiddle

text: playing

text: or

text: fiddling

text: refers

text: to

text: various

text: styles

text: of

text: music

text: Fiddle

text: is

text: also

text: common

text: term

text: among

text: musicians

text: who

text: play

text: folk

text: music

text: on

text: the

text: violin

text: The

text: fiddle

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: many

text: traditional

text: folk

text: styles

text: of

text: music

text: which

text: are

text: aural

text: traditions

text: taught

text: by

text: ear

text: rather

text: than

text: via

text: written

text: music

text: Fiddle

text: is

text: normally

text: the

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: Irish

text: Traditional

text: Music

text:
Gary LeVox (born Gary Wayne Vernon, Jr., July 10, 1970) is an American singer and songwriter. He is known for being the lead vocalist of the contemporary country trio Rascal Flatts, a name he lifted from the studio-console label for his lead-vocal track.
LeVox was born in Columbus, Ohio. He worked at Ohio Department of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities in downtown Columbus. LeVox's first musical performance was at the age of eight, in a play at his church. He graduated from Olentangy High School and is an alumnus of  Ohio State University. Prompted by his cousin, LeVox moved to Nashville, Tennessee, in 1997. LeVox and his second cousin, Jay DeMarcus, started out together in Chely Wright's band. One day, when the regular guitarist was not available, Joe Don Rooney stepped in. The three men say they felt the chemistry immediately.

text: Gary

text: LeVox

text: born

text: Gary

text: Wayne

text: Vernon

text: Jr.

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: lead

text: vocalist

text: of

text: the

text: contemporary

text: country

text: trio

text: Rascal

text: Flatts

text: name

text: he

text: lifted

text: from

text: the

text: studio

text: console

text: label

text: for

text: his

text: lead

text: vocal

text: track

text: LeVox

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Columbus

text: Ohio

text: He

text: worked

text: at

text: Ohio

text: Department

text: of

text: Mental

text: Retardation

text: and

text: Developmental

text: Disabilities

text: in

text: downtown

text: Columbus

text: LeVox

text: 's

text: first

text: musical

text: performance

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: eight

text: in

text: play

text: at

text: his

text: church

text: He

text: graduated

text: from

text: Olentangy

text: High

text: School

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: alumnus

text: of

text: Ohio

text: State

text: University

text: Prompted

text: by

text: his

text: cousin

text: LeVox

text: moved

text: to

text: Nashville

text: Tennessee

text: in

text: LeVox

text: and

text: his

text: second

text: cousin

text: Jay

text: DeMarcus

text: started

text: out

text: together

text: in

text: Chely

text: Wright

text: 's

text: band

text: One

text: day

text: when

text: the

text: regular

text: guitarist

text: was

text: not

text: available

text: Joe

text: Don

text: Rooney

text: stepped

text: in

text: The

text: three

text: men

text: say

text: they

text: felt

text: the

text: chemistry

text: immediately

text: Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the southeastern genre of United States, such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music), and blues music. Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history. Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, dobros and fiddles as well as harmonicas. According to Lindsey Starnes, the term "country music" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term "hillbilly music"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century. The term "country music" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres. The origins of country music are the folk music of working-class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute in the United States.

text: Country

text: music

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: United

text: States

text: popular

text: music

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: It

text: takes

text: its

text: roots

text: from

text: the

text: southeastern

text: genre

text: of

text: United

text: States

text: such

text: as

text: folk

text: music

text: especially

text: Appalachian

text: folk

text: music

text: and

text: blues

text: music

text: Blues

text: modes

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: extensively

text: throughout

text: its

text: recorded

text: history

text: Country

text: music

text: often

text: consists

text: of

text: ballads

text: and

text: dance

text: tunes

text: with

text: generally

text: simple

text: forms

text: and

text: harmonies

text: accompanied

text: by

text: mostly

text: string

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: banjos

text: electric

text: and

text: acoustic

text: guitars

text: dobros

text: and

text: fiddles

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: harmonicas

text: According

text: to

text: Lindsey

text: Starnes

text: the

text: term

text: country

text: music

text: gained

text: popularity

text: in

text: the

text: in

text: preference

text: to

text: the

text: earlier

text: term

text: hillbilly

text: music

text: it

text: came

text: to

text: encompass

text: Western

text: music

text: which

text: evolved

text: parallel

text: to

text: hillbilly

text: music

text: from

text: similar

text: roots

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: term

text: country

text: music

text: is

text: used

text: today

text: to

text: describe

text: many

text: styles

text: and

text: subgenres

text: The

text: origins

text: of

text: country

text: music

text: are

text: the

text: folk

text: music

text: of

text: working

text: class

text: Americans

text: who

text: blended

text: popular

text: songs

text: Irish

text: and

text: Celtic

text: fiddle

text: tunes

text: traditional

text: English

text: ballads

text: and

text: cowboy

text: songs

text: and

text: various

text: musical

text: traditions

text: from

text: European

text: immigrant

text: communities

text: In

text: country

text: music

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: listened

text: to

text: rush

text: hour

text: radio

text: genre

text: during

text: the

text: evening

text: commute

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: morning

text: commute

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The harmonica, also known as a French harp or mouth organ, is a free reed wind instrument used worldwide in many musical genres, notably in blues, American folk music, classical music, jazz, country, and rock and roll. There are many types of harmonica, including diatonic, chromatic, tremolo, octave, orchestral, and bass versions. A harmonica is played by using the mouth (lips and tongue) to direct air into or out of one or more holes along a mouthpiece. Behind each hole is a chamber containing at least one reed. A harmonica reed is a flat elongated spring typically made of brass, stainless steel, or bronze, which is secured at one end over a slot that serves as an airway. When the free end is made to vibrate by the player's air, it alternately blocks and unblocks the airway to produce sound.

text: The

text: harmonica

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: French

text: harp

text: or

text: mouth

text: organ

text: is

text: free

text: reed

text: wind

text: instrument

text: used

text: worldwide

text: in

text: many

text: musical

text: genres

text: notably

text: in

text: blues

text: American

text: folk

text: music

text: classical

text: music

text: jazz

text: country

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: types

text: of

text: harmonica

text: including

text: diatonic

text: chromatic

text: tremolo

text: octave

text: orchestral

text: and

text: bass

text: versions

text: harmonica

text: is

text: played

text: by

text: using

text: the

text: mouth

text: lips

text: and

text: tongue

text: to

text: direct

text: air

text: into

text: or

text: out

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: holes

text: along

text: mouthpiece

text: Behind

text: each

text: hole

text: is

text: chamber

text: containing

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: reed

text: harmonica

text: reed

text: is

text: flat

text: elongated

text: spring

text: typically

text: made

text: of

text: brass

text: stainless

text: steel

text: or

text: bronze

text: which

text: is

text: secured

text: at

text: one

text: end

text: over

text: slot

text: that

text: serves

text: as

text: an

text: airway

text: When

text: the

text: free

text: end

text: is

text: made

text: to

text: vibrate

text: by

text: the

text: player

text: 's

text: air

text: it

text: alternately

text: blocks

text: and

text: unblocks

text: the

text: airway

text: to

text: produce

text: sound

text: Joseph Don Rooney a.k.a. J.D. Rooney (Born on September 13, 1975 in Baxter Springs, Kansas and raised in Picher, Oklahoma) is an American musician and the lead guitarist and high octave harmony singer in the American country pop trio Rascal Flatts.

text: Joseph

text: Don

text: Rooney

text: a.k.a

text: J.D.

text: Rooney

text: Born

text: on

text: September

text: in

text: Baxter

text: Springs

text: Kansas

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Picher

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: and

text: the

text: lead

text: guitarist

text: and

text: high

text: octave

text: harmony

text: singer

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: country

text: pop

text: trio

text: Rascal

text: Flatts

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Rascal Flatts is an American country music trio formed in Columbus, Ohio in 1999. It is composed of Gary LeVox, his second cousin Jay DeMarcus and Joe Don Rooney. DeMarcus is also a brother-in-law of country music singer James Otto, and formerly one-half of the Christian music duo East to West.

text: Rascal

text: Flatts

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: country

text: music

text: trio

text: formed

text: in

text: Columbus

text: Ohio

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: Gary

text: LeVox

text: his

text: second

text: cousin

text: Jay

text: DeMarcus

text: and

text: Joe

text: Don

text: Rooney

text: DeMarcus

text: is

text: also

text: brother

text: in

text: law

text: of

text: country

text: music

text: singer

text: James

text: Otto

text: and

text: formerly

text: one

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: music

text: duo

text: East

text: to

text: West

text: Recorded history or written history is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication. Recorded history can be contrasted with other narratives of the past, such as mythological, oral or archeological traditions.

text: Recorded

text: history

text: or

text: written

text: history

text: is

text: historical

text: narrative

text: based

text: on

text: written

text: record

text: or

text: other

text: documented

text: communication

text: Recorded

text: history

text: can

text: be

text: contrasted

text: with

text: other

text: narratives

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: such

text: as

text: mythological

text: oral

text: or

text: archeological

text: traditions

text: Montgomery Gentry is an American country music duo composed of vocalists Eddie Montgomery and Troy Gentry, both natives of Kentucky. The two began performing in the 1990s as part of two different bands with Montgomery's brother, John Michael Montgomery. Although Gentry won a talent contest in 1994, he reunited with Eddie Montgomery after Gentry was unable to find a solo record deal, and Montgomery Gentry was formed in 1999. The duo is known for its Southern rock influences, and has collaborated with Charlie Daniels, Toby Keith, Five for Fighting, and members of The Allman Brothers Band.

text: Montgomery

text: Gentry

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: country

text: music

text: duo

text: composed

text: of

text: vocalists

text: Eddie

text: Montgomery

text: and

text: Troy

text: Gentry

text: both

text: natives

text: of

text: Kentucky

text: The

text: two

text: began

text: performing

text: in

text: the

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: two

text: different

text: bands

text: with

text: Montgomery

text: 's

text: brother

text: John

text: Michael

text: Montgomery

text: Although

text: Gentry

text: won

text: talent

text: contest

text: in

text: he

text: reunited

text: with

text: Eddie

text: Montgomery

text: after

text: Gentry

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: find

text: solo

text: record

text: deal

text: and

text: Montgomery

text: Gentry

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: The

text: duo

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: Southern

text: rock

text: influences

text: and

text: has

text: collaborated

text: with

text: Charlie

text: Daniels

text: Toby

text: Keith

text: Five

text: for

text: Fighting

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: The

text: Allman

text: Brothers

text: Band

text: Jay DeMarcus (born Stanley Wayne DeMarcus, Jr.; April 26, 1971) is an American bassist, vocalist, pianist, record producer and songwriter. He is a member of the country group Rascal Flatts.

text: Jay

text: DeMarcus

text: born

text: Stanley

text: Wayne

text: DeMarcus

text: Jr.

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: bassist

text: vocalist

text: pianist

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: He

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: group

text: Rascal

text: Flatts

text: Margaret LeAnn Rimes Cibrian (born August 28, 1982), known professionally as LeAnn Rimes, is an American singer. Known for her rich vocals, Rimes rose to stardom at age 13 following the release of the Bill Mack song "Blue", becoming the youngest country music star since Tanya Tucker in 1972.

text: Margaret

text: LeAnn

text: Rimes

text: Cibrian

text: born

text: August

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: LeAnn

text: Rimes

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: Known

text: for

text: her

text: rich

text: vocals

text: Rimes

text: rose

text: to

text: stardom

text: at

text: age

text: following

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: Bill

text: Mack

text: song

text: Blue

text: becoming

text: the

text: youngest

text: country

text: music

text: star

text: since

text: Tanya

text: Tucker

text: in

text: James Allen Otto (born July 29, 1973) is an American country music artist who is a member of the MuzikMafia, a group of country musicians known for their "country music without prejudice". Otto began his career on Mercury Nashville Records in 2002, charting three minor singles on the "Billboard" Hot Country Songs charts and recording his debut album "Days of Our Lives" for the label before being dropped in 2004.

text: James

text: Allen

text: Otto

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: country

text: music

text: artist

text: who

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: MuzikMafia

text: group

text: of

text: country

text: musicians

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: country

text: music

text: without

text: prejudice

text: Otto

text: began

text: his

text: career

text: on

text: Mercury

text: Nashville

text: Records

text: in

text: charting

text: three

text: minor

text: singles

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: Country

text: Songs

text: charts

text: and

text: recording

text: his

text: debut

text: album

text: Days

text: of

text: Our

text: Lives

text: for

text: the

text: label

text: before

text: being

text: dropped

text: in

text: Jeffrey LeVasseur (born August 27, 1961) is an American country music singer and songwriter, more commonly known by the name Jeffrey Steele. Along with recording his own material, Steele has become a prolific Nashville songwriter, having co-written more than sixty hit songs for such artists as Montgomery Gentry, Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, LeAnn Rimes, Rascal Flatts, Billy Ray Cyrus, and others.

text: Jeffrey

text: LeVasseur

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: country

text: music

text: singer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: more

text: commonly

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: Jeffrey

text: Steele

text: Along

text: with

text: recording

text: his

text: own

text: material

text: Steele

text: has

text: become

text: prolific

text: Nashville

text: songwriter

text: having

text: co

text: written

text: more

text: than

text: sixty

text: hit

text: songs

text: for

text: such

text: artists

text: as

text: Montgomery

text: Gentry

text: Tim

text: McGraw

text: Faith

text: Hill

text: LeAnn

text: Rimes

text: Rascal

text: Flatts

text: Billy

text: Ray

text: Cyrus

text: and

text: others

text: Alissa Moreno is an American singer-songwriter, guitar player and pianist.

text: Alissa

text: Moreno

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: guitar

text: player

text: and

text: pianist

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: record_label every day

answer: lyric street records

text: lyric street records

text: lyric street records


text: Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences (official name National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan) was founded in 1946 as a state institution that joins active members (academicians), corresponding members, and leading scientists of Kazakhstan. The main activities of the Academy are scientific research, analysis and forecasting of the development of science, priorities of science development and scientific personnel training, support, formation, and coordination of scientific programs, promotion of international cooperation, innovation and investment in science-based development. Areas of research include earth sciences, mathematics, computer science, physics, remote sensing and space technologies, chemistry, new materials, biologically active substances, biochemistry and physiology of plants, botany, soil sciences, social sciences and humanities. The incumbent president (2008) is Professor Murat Zhurinov.

text: Kazakhstan

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: official

text: name

text: National

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: as

text: state

text: institution

text: that

text: joins

text: active

text: members

text: academicians

text: corresponding

text: members

text: and

text: leading

text: scientists

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: The

text: main

text: activities

text: of

text: the

text: Academy

text: are

text: scientific

text: research

text: analysis

text: and

text: forecasting

text: of

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: science

text: priorities

text: of

text: science

text: development

text: and

text: scientific

text: personnel

text: training

text: support

text: formation

text: and

text: coordination

text: of

text: scientific

text: programs

text: promotion

text: of

text: international

text: cooperation

text: innovation

text: and

text: investment

text: in

text: science

text: based

text: development

text: Areas

text: of

text: research

text: include

text: earth

text: sciences

text: mathematics

text: computer

text: science

text: physics

text: remote

text: sensing

text: and

text: space

text: technologies

text: chemistry

text: new

text: materials

text: biologically

text: active

text: substances

text: biochemistry

text: and

text: physiology

text: of

text: plants

text: botany

text: soil

text: sciences

text: social

text: sciences

text: and

text: humanities

text: The

text: incumbent

text: president

text: is

text: Professor

text: Murat

text: Zhurinov

text: The Soviet of the Union ("Sovet Soyuza") was one of the two chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, elected on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot in accordance with the principles of Soviet democracy, and with the rule that there be one deputy for every 300,000 people. Until Glasnost and the 1989 elections however, only candidates approved by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were permitted to participate in the elections. As opposed to the Soviet of Nationalities, the Soviet of the Union represented the interests of all of the people of the Soviet Union no matter what their nationality was.

text: The

text: Soviet

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: Sovet

text: Soyuza

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: chambers

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republics

text: elected

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: universal

text: equal

text: and

text: direct

text: suffrage

text: by

text: secret

text: ballot

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: Soviet

text: democracy

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: rule

text: that

text: there

text: be

text: one

text: deputy

text: for

text: every

text: people

text: Until

text: Glasnost

text: and

text: the

text: elections

text: however

text: only

text: candidates

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: were

text: permitted

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: elections

text: As

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: of

text: Nationalities

text: the

text: Soviet

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: represented

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: no

text: matter

text: what

text: their

text: nationality

text: was

text: Sháfik Chókinovich Chókin ( Kazakh :    ; Russian :    ) ( 1 October 1912 -- 4 July 2003 ) is the most recognized Kazakh scientist in the energy sector . He was a Doctor of Sciences , Professor , Founder of the Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Power Engineering , Deputy of The Supreme Soviet of the USSR , associate of the chairman of Soviet of the Union chamber , and President of Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences .

text: Sháfik

text: Chókinovich

text: Chókin

text: Kazakh

text: Russian

text: October

text: July

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: recognized

text: Kazakh

text: scientist

text: in

text: the

text: energy

text: sector

text: He

text: was

text: Doctor

text: of

text: Sciences

text: Professor

text: Founder

text: of

text: the

text: Kazakh

text: Scientific

text: Research

text: Institute

text: of

text: Power

text: Engineering

text: Deputy

text: of

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Soviet

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: associate

text: of

text: the

text: chairman

text: of

text: Soviet

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: chamber

text: and

text: President

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: Kazakhstan ( "Qazaqstan",  "Kazakhstan"), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ("Qazaqstan Respwblïkas" "Respublika Kazakhstan"), is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.

text: Kazakhstan

text: Qazaqstan

text: Kazakhstan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: Qazaqstan

text: Respwblïkas

text: Respublika

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: northern

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: landlocked

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: the

text: dominant

text: nation

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: economically

text: generating

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: GDP

text: primarily

text: through

text: its

text: oil

text: gas

text: industry

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: vast

text: mineral

text: resources

text: The Communist Party of the Soviet Union, abbreviated in English as CPSU, was the founding and ruling political party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR or Soviet Union). The CPSU was the sole governing party of the Soviet Union until 1990, when the Congress of People's Deputies modified the article of the constitution which granted the CPSU a monopoly over the political system. The party was founded in 1912 by the Bolsheviks (the majority faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party), a revolutionary group led by Vladimir Lenin which seized power in the aftermath of the October Revolution of 1917. The party was dissolved on 29 August 1991 on Soviet territory soon after a failed coup d'état and was completely abolished on 6 November 1991 on Russian territory.

text: The

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: abbreviated

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: CPSU

text: was

text: the

text: founding

text: and

text: ruling

text: political

text: party

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republics

text: USSR

text: or

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: The

text: CPSU

text: was

text: the

text: sole

text: governing

text: party

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: People

text: 's

text: Deputies

text: modified

text: the

text: article

text: of

text: the

text: constitution

text: which

text: granted

text: the

text: CPSU

text: monopoly

text: over

text: the

text: political

text: system

text: The

text: party

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Bolsheviks

text: the

text: majority

text: faction

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Labour

text: Party

text: revolutionary

text: group

text: led

text: by

text: Vladimir

text: Lenin

text: which

text: seized

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: October

text: Revolution

text: of

text: The

text: party

text: was

text: dissolved

text: on

text: August

text: on

text: Soviet

text: territory

text: soon

text: after

text: failed

text: coup

text: d'état

text: and

text: was

text: completely

text: abolished

text: on

text: November

text: on

text: Russian

text: territory

question: member_of_political_party shafik chokin

answer: communist party of the soviet union

text: communist party of the soviet union

text: communist party of the soviet union