text: Georges Franju (12 April 1912  5 November 1987) was a French filmmaker. He was born in Fougères, Ille-et-Vilaine.

text: Georges

text: Franju

text: April

text: November

text: was

text: French

text: filmmaker

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Fougères

text: Ille

text: et

text: Vilaine

text: Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889  11 October 1963) was a French writer, designer, playwright, artist and filmmaker. Cocteau is best known for his novel "Les Enfants Terribles" (1929), and the films "Blood of a Poet" (1930), "Les Parents Terribles" (1948), "Beauty and the Beast" (1946) and "Orpheus" (1949). His circle of associates, friends and lovers included Kenneth Anger, Pablo Picasso, Jean Hugo, Jean Marais, Henri Bernstein, Yul Brynner, Marlene Dietrich, Coco Chanel, Erik Satie, Albert Gleizes, Igor Stravinsky, Marie Laurencin, María Félix, Édith Piaf, Panama Al Brown, Colette, Jean Genet, and Raymond Radiguet.

text: Jean

text: Maurice

text: Eugène

text: Clément

text: Cocteau

text: July

text: October

text: was

text: French

text: writer

text: designer

text: playwright

text: artist

text: and

text: filmmaker

text: Cocteau

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: novel

text: Les

text: Enfants

text: Terribles

text: and

text: the

text: films

text: Blood

text: of

text: Poet

text: Les

text: Parents

text: Terribles

text: Beauty

text: and

text: the

text: Beast

text: and

text: Orpheus

text: His

text: circle

text: of

text: associates

text: friends

text: and

text: lovers

text: included

text: Kenneth

text: Anger

text: Pablo

text: Picasso

text: Jean

text: Hugo

text: Jean

text: Marais

text: Henri

text: Bernstein

text: Yul

text: Brynner

text: Marlene

text: Dietrich

text: Coco

text: Chanel

text: Erik

text: Satie

text: Albert

text: Gleizes

text: Igor

text: Stravinsky

text: Marie

text: Laurencin

text: María

text: Félix

text: Édith

text: Piaf

text: Panama

text: Al

text: Brown

text: Colette

text: Jean

text: Genet

text: and

text: Raymond

text: Radiguet

text: Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel (19 August 1883  10 January 1971) was a French fashion designer and businesswoman. She was the founder and namesake of the Chanel brand. Along with Paul Poiret, Chanel was credited in the post-World War I era with liberating women from the constraints of the "corseted silhouette" and popularizing a sporty, casual chic as the feminine standard of style. A prolific fashion creator, Chanel extended her influence beyond couture clothing, realising her design aesthetic in jewellery, handbags, and fragrance. Her signature scent, Chanel No. 5, has become an iconic product. She is the only fashion designer listed on "TIME" magazine's . Chanel designed her iconic interlocked-CC monograph, meaning Coco Chanel, using it since the 1920s.

text: Gabrielle

text: Bonheur

text: Coco

text: Chanel

text: August

text: January

text: was

text: French

text: fashion

text: designer

text: and

text: businesswoman

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: founder

text: and

text: namesake

text: of

text: the

text: Chanel

text: brand

text: Along

text: with

text: Paul

text: Poiret

text: Chanel

text: was

text: credited

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: era

text: with

text: liberating

text: women

text: from

text: the

text: constraints

text: of

text: the

text: corseted

text: silhouette

text: and

text: popularizing

text: sporty

text: casual

text: chic

text: as

text: the

text: feminine

text: standard

text: of

text: style

text: prolific

text: fashion

text: creator

text: Chanel

text: extended

text: her

text: influence

text: beyond

text: couture

text: clothing

text: realising

text: her

text: design

text: aesthetic

text: in

text: jewellery

text: handbags

text: and

text: fragrance

text: Her

text: signature

text: scent

text: Chanel

text: No

text: has

text: become

text: an

text: iconic

text: product

text: She

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: fashion

text: designer

text: listed

text: on

text: TIME

text: magazine

text: 's

text: Chanel

text: designed

text: her

text: iconic

text: interlocked

text: CC

text: monograph

text: meaning

text: Coco

text: Chanel

text: using

text: it

text: since

text: the

text: Charles Aznavour, born Shahnour Varinag Aznavourian (on 22 May 1924) is a French, later naturalised Armenian, singer, songwriter, actor, public activist and diplomat. Aznavour is known for his unique tenor voice: clear and ringing in its upper reaches, with gravelly and profound low notes. He has written over 800 songs and recorded over 1,200, sung in eight languages and sold more than 180 million records.

text: Charles

text: Aznavour

text: born

text: Shahnour

text: Varinag

text: Aznavourian

text: on

text: May

text: is

text: French

text: later

text: naturalised

text: Armenian

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: actor

text: public

text: activist

text: and

text: diplomat

text: Aznavour

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: unique

text: tenor

text: voice

text: clear

text: and

text: ringing

text: in

text: its

text: upper

text: reaches

text: with

text: gravelly

text: and

text: profound

text: low

text: notes

text: He

text: has

text: written

text: over

text: songs

text: and

text: recorded

text: over

text: sung

text: in

text: eight

text: languages

text: and

text: sold

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: records

text: Éric Alfred Leslie Satie (17 May 18661 July 1925), who signed his name Erik Satie after 1884, was a French composer and pianist. Satie was a colourful figure in the early 20th century Parisian avant-garde. His work was a precursor to later artistic movements such as minimalism, Surrealism, repetitive music, and the Theatre of the Absurd.

text: Éric

text: Alfred

text: Leslie

text: Satie

text: May

text: July

text: who

text: signed

text: his

text: name

text: Erik

text: Satie

text: after

text: was

text: French

text: composer

text: and

text: pianist

text: Satie

text: was

text: colourful

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Parisian

text: avant

text: garde

text: His

text: work

text: was

text: precursor

text: to

text: later

text: artistic

text: movements

text: such

text: as

text: minimalism

text: Surrealism

text: repetitive

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: Theatre

text: of

text: the

text: Absurd

text: Jean Hugo (19 November 1894  21 June 1984) was a painter, illustrator, theatre designer and author. He was born in Paris and died in his home at the Mas de Fourques, near Lunel, France. Brought up in a lively artistic environment, he began teaching himself drawing and painting and wrote essays and poetry from a very early age. His artistic career spans the 20th century, from his early sketches of the First World War, through the creative ferment of the Parisian interwar years, and up to his death in 1984. He was part of a number of artistic circles that included Jean Cocteau, Raymond Radiguet, Pablo Picasso, Georges Auric, Erik Satie, Blaise Cendrars, Marie-Laure de Noailles, Paul Eluard, Francis Poulenc, Charles Dullin, Louis Jouvet, Colette, Marcel Proust, Jacques Maritain, Max Jacob, Carl Theodor Dreyer, Marie Bell, Louise de Vilmorin, Cecil Beaton and many others.

text: Jean

text: Hugo

text: November

text: June

text: was

text: painter

text: illustrator

text: theatre

text: designer

text: and

text: author

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Paris

text: and

text: died

text: in

text: his

text: home

text: at

text: the

text: Mas

text: de

text: Fourques

text: near

text: Lunel

text: France

text: Brought

text: up

text: in

text: lively

text: artistic

text: environment

text: he

text: began

text: teaching

text: himself

text: drawing

text: and

text: painting

text: and

text: wrote

text: essays

text: and

text: poetry

text: from

text: very

text: early

text: age

text: His

text: artistic

text: career

text: spans

text: the

text: century

text: from

text: his

text: early

text: sketches

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: through

text: the

text: creative

text: ferment

text: of

text: the

text: Parisian

text: interwar

text: years

text: and

text: up

text: to

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: artistic

text: circles

text: that

text: included

text: Jean

text: Cocteau

text: Raymond

text: Radiguet

text: Pablo

text: Picasso

text: Georges

text: Auric

text: Erik

text: Satie

text: Blaise

text: Cendrars

text: Marie

text: Laure

text: de

text: Noailles

text: Paul

text: Eluard

text: Francis

text: Poulenc

text: Charles

text: Dullin

text: Louis

text: Jouvet

text: Colette

text: Marcel

text: Proust

text: Jacques

text: Maritain

text: Max

text: Jacob

text: Carl

text: Theodor

text: Dreyer

text: Marie

text: Bell

text: Louise

text: de

text: Vilmorin

text: Cecil

text: Beaton

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: Thomas the Impostor ( French : Thomas l'imposteur ) is a 1964 French film directed by Georges Franju and starring Emmanuelle Riva , Fabrice Rouleau , Sophie Dares , Jean Marais and Charles Aznavour . It is based on a novel of the same name by Jean Cocteau , which had first been published in French in 1923 and had been inspired by Cocteau 's experiences in the first World War . An American edition of the novel , translated into English by Lewis Galentiere , was published in 1925 under the title Thomas the Impostor , and another English translation by Dorothy Williams was subsequently published in 1957 under the title The Impostor . The film was entered into the 15th Berlin International Film Festival .

text: Thomas

text: the

text: Impostor

text: French

text: Thomas

text: l'imposteur

text: is

text: French

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Georges

text: Franju

text: and

text: starring

text: Emmanuelle

text: Riva

text: Fabrice

text: Rouleau

text: Sophie

text: Dares

text: Jean

text: Marais

text: and

text: Charles

text: Aznavour

text: It

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: novel

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: by

text: Jean

text: Cocteau

text: which

text: had

text: first

text: been

text: published

text: in

text: French

text: in

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: inspired

text: by

text: Cocteau

text: 's

text: experiences

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: World

text: War

text: An

text: American

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: novel

text: translated

text: into

text: English

text: by

text: Lewis

text: Galentiere

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: Thomas

text: the

text: Impostor

text: and

text: another

text: English

text: translation

text: by

text: Dorothy

text: Williams

text: was

text: subsequently

text: published

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: The

text: Impostor

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: entered

text: into

text: the

text: Berlin

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: Henri-Léon-Gustave-Charles Bernstein (20 June 1876 in Paris  27 November 1953 in Paris) was a French playwright associated with Boulevard theatre.

text: Henri

text: Léon

text: Gustave

text: Charles

text: Bernstein

text: June

text: in

text: Paris

text: November

text: in

text: Paris

text: was

text: French

text: playwright

text: associated

text: with

text: Boulevard

text: theatre

question: composer thomas the impostor

answer: georges auric

text: georges auric


text: Naz is a former municipality in the district of Gros-de-Vaud in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

text: Naz

text: is

text: former

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Gros

text: de

text: Vaud

text: in

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Vaud

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: Docent is a title at some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks below the full professor rank.

text: Docent

text: is

text: title

text: at

text: some

text: European

text: universities

text: to

text: denote

text: specific

text: academic

text: appointment

text: within

text: set

text: structure

text: of

text: academic

text: ranks

text: below

text: the

text: full

text: professor

text: rank

text: A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor or simply doctor is a professional who practises medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients and methods of treatmentknown as specialitiesor they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communitiesknown as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines (such as anatomy and physiology) underlying diseases and their treatmentthe "science" of medicineand also a decent competence in its applied practicethe art or "craft" of medicine.

text: physician

text: medical

text: practitioner

text: medical

text: doctor

text: or

text: simply

text: doctor

text: is

text: professional

text: who

text: practises

text: medicine

text: which

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: promoting

text: maintaining

text: or

text: restoring

text: health

text: through

text: the

text: study

text: diagnosis

text: and

text: treatment

text: of

text: disease

text: injury

text: and

text: other

text: physical

text: and

text: mental

text: impairments

text: Physicians

text: may

text: focus

text: their

text: practice

text: on

text: certain

text: disease

text: categories

text: types

text: of

text: patients

text: and

text: methods

text: of

text: treatmentknown

text: as

text: specialitiesor

text: they

text: may

text: assume

text: responsibility

text: for

text: the

text: provision

text: of

text: continuing

text: and

text: comprehensive

text: medical

text: care

text: to

text: individuals

text: families

text: and

text: communitiesknown

text: as

text: general

text: practice

text: Medical

text: practice

text: properly

text: requires

text: both

text: detailed

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: academic

text: disciplines

text: such

text: as

text: anatomy

text: and

text: physiology

text: underlying

text: diseases

text: and

text: their

text: treatmentthe

text: science

text: of

text: medicineand

text: also

text: decent

text: competence

text: in

text: its

text: applied

text: practicethe

text: art

text: or

text: craft

text: of

text: medicine

text: Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change and overcome problems in desired ways. Psychotherapy aims to improve an individual's well-being and mental health, to resolve or mitigate troublesome behaviors, beliefs, compulsions, thoughts, or emotions, and to improve relationships and social skills. Certain psychotherapies are considered evidence-based for treating some diagnosed mental disorders.

text: Psychotherapy

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: psychological

text: methods

text: particularly

text: when

text: based

text: on

text: regular

text: personal

text: interaction

text: to

text: help

text: person

text: change

text: and

text: overcome

text: problems

text: in

text: desired

text: ways

text: Psychotherapy

text: aims

text: to

text: improve

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: well

text: being

text: and

text: mental

text: health

text: to

text: resolve

text: or

text: mitigate

text: troublesome

text: behaviors

text: beliefs

text: compulsions

text: thoughts

text: or

text: emotions

text: and

text: to

text: improve

text: relationships

text: and

text: social

text: skills

text: Certain

text: psychotherapies

text: are

text: considered

text: evidence

text: based

text: for

text: treating

text: some

text: diagnosed

text: mental

text: disorders

text: Moravia  is a historical country in the Czech Republic (forming its eastern part) and one of the historical Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The medieval and early modern Margraviate of Moravia was a crown land of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (from 1348 to 1918), an imperial state of the Holy Roman Empire (1004 to 1806), later a crown land of the Austrian Empire (1804 to 1867) and briefly also one of 17 former crown lands of the Cisleithanian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867 to 1918. During the early 20th century, Moravia was one of the five lands of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1928; it was then merged with Czech Silesia, and eventually dissolved by abolition of the land system in 1949.

text: Moravia

text: is

text: historical

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: forming

text: its

text: eastern

text: part

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: historical

text: Czech

text: lands

text: together

text: with

text: Bohemia

text: and

text: Czech

text: Silesia

text: The

text: medieval

text: and

text: early

text: modern

text: Margraviate

text: of

text: Moravia

text: was

text: crown

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Lands

text: of

text: the

text: Bohemian

text: Crown

text: from

text: to

text: an

text: imperial

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: to

text: later

text: crown

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: to

text: and

text: briefly

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: former

text: crown

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: Cisleithanian

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: from

text: to

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Moravia

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: lands

text: of

text: Czechoslovakia

text: from

text: to

text: it

text: was

text: then

text: merged

text: with

text: Czech

text: Silesia

text: and

text: eventually

text: dissolved

text: by

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: system

text: in

text: The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is one of the oldest universities in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich history, the University of Vienna has developed into one of the biggest universities in Europe, and also one of the most renowned, especially in the Humanities. It is associated with 15 Nobel prize winners and has been the academic home of a large number of figures both of historical and academic importance.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: is

text: public

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Vienna

text: Austria

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Duke

text: Rudolph

text: IV

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: speaking

text: world

text: With

text: its

text: long

text: and

text: rich

text: history

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: has

text: developed

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: universities

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: renowned

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: Humanities

text: It

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: Nobel

text: prize

text: winners

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: academic

text: home

text: of

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: figures

text: both

text: of

text: historical

text: and

text: academic

text: importance

text: Existentialism is a term applied to the work of certain late-19th- and 20th-century European philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, shared the belief that philosophical thinking begins with the human subjectnot merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual. While the predominant value of existentialist thought is commonly acknowledged to be freedom, its primary virtue is authenticity. In the view of the existentialist, the individual's starting point is characterized by what has been called "the existential attitude", or a sense of disorientation, confusion, or dread in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world. Many existentialists have also regarded traditional systematic or academic philosophies, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience.

text: Existentialism

text: is

text: term

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: certain

text: and

text: century

text: European

text: philosophers

text: who

text: despite

text: profound

text: doctrinal

text: differences

text: shared

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: philosophical

text: thinking

text: begins

text: with

text: the

text: human

text: subjectnot

text: merely

text: the

text: thinking

text: subject

text: but

text: the

text: acting

text: feeling

text: living

text: human

text: individual

text: While

text: the

text: predominant

text: value

text: of

text: existentialist

text: thought

text: is

text: commonly

text: acknowledged

text: to

text: be

text: freedom

text: its

text: primary

text: virtue

text: is

text: authenticity

text: In

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: the

text: existentialist

text: the

text: individual

text: 's

text: starting

text: point

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: what

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: existential

text: attitude

text: or

text: sense

text: of

text: disorientation

text: confusion

text: or

text: dread

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: an

text: apparently

text: meaningless

text: or

text: absurd

text: world

text: Many

text: existentialists

text: have

text: also

text: regarded

text: traditional

text: systematic

text: or

text: academic

text: philosophies

text: in

text: both

text: style

text: and

text: content

text: as

text: too

text: abstract

text: and

text: remote

text: from

text: concrete

text: human

text: experience

text: Habilitation is a post-doctoral qualification or academic degree at some European and Central Asian, North African, and Latin American universities. It is conferred for a habilitation thesis based on independent scholarship, which was reviewed by and successfully defended before an academic committee in a process similar to that of a doctoral dissertation. In some countries, a habilitation degree is a required formal qualification to independently teach and examine a designated subject at the university level.

text: Habilitation

text: is

text: post

text: doctoral

text: qualification

text: or

text: academic

text: degree

text: at

text: some

text: European

text: and

text: Central

text: Asian

text: North

text: African

text: and

text: Latin

text: American

text: universities

text: It

text: is

text: conferred

text: for

text: habilitation

text: thesis

text: based

text: on

text: independent

text: scholarship

text: which

text: was

text: reviewed

text: by

text: and

text: successfully

text: defended

text: before

text: an

text: academic

text: committee

text: in

text: process

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: doctoral

text: dissertation

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: habilitation

text: degree

text: is

text: required

text: formal

text: qualification

text: to

text: independently

text: teach

text: and

text: examine

text: designated

text: subject

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: level

text: Martin Heidegger (26 September 188926 May 1976) was a German philosopher and a seminal thinker in the Continental tradition and philosophical hermeneutics. According to the "Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy", he is "widely acknowledged to be one of the most original and important philosophers of the 20th century." Heidegger is best known for his contributions to phenomenology and existentialism, though as the "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" cautions, "his thinking should be identified as part of such philosophical movements only with extreme care and qualification."

text: Martin

text: Heidegger

text: September

text: May

text: was

text: German

text: philosopher

text: and

text: seminal

text: thinker

text: in

text: the

text: Continental

text: tradition

text: and

text: philosophical

text: hermeneutics

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Internet

text: Encyclopedia

text: of

text: Philosophy

text: he

text: is

text: widely

text: acknowledged

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: original

text: and

text: important

text: philosophers

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Heidegger

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: contributions

text: to

text: phenomenology

text: and

text: existentialism

text: though

text: as

text: the

text: Stanford

text: Encyclopedia

text: of

text: Philosophy

text: cautions

text: his

text: thinking

text: should

text: be

text: identified

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: such

text: philosophical

text: movements

text: only

text: with

text: extreme

text: care

text: and

text: qualification

text: Medard Boss ( October 4 , 1903 -- December 21 , 1990 ) was a Swiss psychoanalytic psychiatrist who developed a form of psychotherapy known as Daseinsanalysis , which united the psychotherapeutic practice of psychoanalysis with the existential - phenomenological philosophy of friend and mentor Martin Heidegger . During his medical studies in Vienna , he initiated his psychoanalytic training by undergoing some psychoanalytic sessions with Sigmund Freud , an analysis he later continued at length in Zurich with Swiss psychoanalyst Hans Behn Eschenburg . Also upon his return to Zurich , he trained at Burghölzli Hospital under the supervision of the psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler . He then went on to formal psychoanalytic training at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute where his supervisory analyst was Karen Horney . While at BPI he studied with Hanns Sachs , Otto Fenichel , Wilhelm Reich , and Kurt Goldstein . He later went to London , where he worked closely with Ernest Jones for six months at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases . Back in Zurich he was invited by Carl Gustav Jung to join a workshop with other medical doctors to study analytical psychology , an experience that lasted nearly ten years and helped Boss to see that psychoanalysis need not be limited to Freudian interpretations . It was during the 30 's that Boss also became acquainted with Ludwig Binswanger , who introduced Boss to the works of philosopher Martin Heidegger . During World War II , while serving in the Swiss Army , Boss began studying Heidegger 's Being and Time and , upon the conclusion of the war , Boss contacted Heidegger , initiating a 25 - year mentoring friendship . Through his study with Heidegger , Boss came to believe that that modern medicine and psychology , premised on Cartesian philosophy and Newtonian physics , made incorrect assumptions about human beings and what it means to be human . He addressed an existential foundation for medicine and psychology two classic texts : Psychoanalysis and Daseinsanalysis ( English version , 1963 ) and Existential Foundations of Medicine and Psychology ( English translation , 1979 ) . Whereas Boss 's older colleague Ludwig Binswanger , is recognized as the founder of the first systematic existential approach to psychiatry and psychopathology , Boss is regarded as having founded the first systematic approach to existential psychotherapy . Other significant contributions Boss made to the literature in existential psychotherapy include The Meaning and Content of Sexual Perversions ( English Translation , 1949 ) , The Analysis of Dreams ( English Translation , 1958 ) , and A Psychiatrist Discovers India ( English translation , 1965 ) . Boss saw dreams as coming from a person 's life as a whole , not from a separate `` dream state '' . He also did not see the `` unconscious '' as a place where the denied impulses were kept , which was the way Freud presented it .

text: Medard

text: Boss

text: October

text: December

text: was

text: Swiss

text: psychoanalytic

text: psychiatrist

text: who

text: developed

text: form

text: of

text: psychotherapy

text: known

text: as

text: Daseinsanalysis

text: which

text: united

text: the

text: psychotherapeutic

text: practice

text: of

text: psychoanalysis

text: with

text: the

text: existential

text: phenomenological

text: philosophy

text: of

text: friend

text: and

text: mentor

text: Martin

text: Heidegger

text: During

text: his

text: medical

text: studies

text: in

text: Vienna

text: he

text: initiated

text: his

text: psychoanalytic

text: training

text: by

text: undergoing

text: some

text: psychoanalytic

text: sessions

text: with

text: Sigmund

text: Freud

text: an

text: analysis

text: he

text: later

text: continued

text: at

text: length

text: in

text: Zurich

text: with

text: Swiss

text: psychoanalyst

text: Hans

text: Behn

text: Eschenburg

text: Also

text: upon

text: his

text: return

text: to

text: Zurich

text: he

text: trained

text: at

text: Burghölzli

text: Hospital

text: under

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: the

text: psychiatrist

text: Eugen

text: Bleuler

text: He

text: then

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: formal

text: psychoanalytic

text: training

text: at

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Psychoanalytic

text: Institute

text: where

text: his

text: supervisory

text: analyst

text: was

text: Karen

text: Horney

text: While

text: at

text: BPI

text: he

text: studied

text: with

text: Hanns

text: Sachs

text: Otto

text: Fenichel

text: Wilhelm

text: Reich

text: and

text: Kurt

text: Goldstein

text: He

text: later

text: went

text: to

text: London

text: where

text: he

text: worked

text: closely

text: with

text: Ernest

text: Jones

text: for

text: six

text: months

text: at

text: the

text: National

text: Hospital

text: for

text: Nervous

text: Diseases

text: Back

text: in

text: Zurich

text: he

text: was

text: invited

text: by

text: Carl

text: Gustav

text: Jung

text: to

text: join

text: workshop

text: with

text: other

text: medical

text: doctors

text: to

text: study

text: analytical

text: psychology

text: an

text: experience

text: that

text: lasted

text: nearly

text: ten

text: years

text: and

text: helped

text: Boss

text: to

text: see

text: that

text: psychoanalysis

text: need

text: not

text: be

text: limited

text: to

text: Freudian

text: interpretations

text: It

text: was

text: during

text: the

text: 's

text: that

text: Boss

text: also

text: became

text: acquainted

text: with

text: Ludwig

text: Binswanger

text: who

text: introduced

text: Boss

text: to

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: philosopher

text: Martin

text: Heidegger

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: while

text: serving

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Army

text: Boss

text: began

text: studying

text: Heidegger

text: 's

text: Being

text: and

text: Time

text: and

text: upon

text: the

text: conclusion

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: Boss

text: contacted

text: Heidegger

text: initiating

text: year

text: mentoring

text: friendship

text: Through

text: his

text: study

text: with

text: Heidegger

text: Boss

text: came

text: to

text: believe

text: that

text: that

text: modern

text: medicine

text: and

text: psychology

text: premised

text: on

text: Cartesian

text: philosophy

text: and

text: Newtonian

text: physics

text: made

text: incorrect

text: assumptions

text: about

text: human

text: beings

text: and

text: what

text: it

text: means

text: to

text: be

text: human

text: He

text: addressed

text: an

text: existential

text: foundation

text: for

text: medicine

text: and

text: psychology

text: two

text: classic

text: texts

text: Psychoanalysis

text: and

text: Daseinsanalysis

text: English

text: version

text: and

text: Existential

text: Foundations

text: of

text: Medicine

text: and

text: Psychology

text: English

text: translation

text: Whereas

text: Boss

text: 's

text: older

text: colleague

text: Ludwig

text: Binswanger

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: systematic

text: existential

text: approach

text: to

text: psychiatry

text: and

text: psychopathology

text: Boss

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: having

text: founded

text: the

text: first

text: systematic

text: approach

text: to

text: existential

text: psychotherapy

text: Other

text: significant

text: contributions

text: Boss

text: made

text: to

text: the

text: literature

text: in

text: existential

text: psychotherapy

text: include

text: The

text: Meaning

text: and

text: Content

text: of

text: Sexual

text: Perversions

text: English

text: Translation

text: The

text: Analysis

text: of

text: Dreams

text: English

text: Translation

text: and

text: Psychiatrist

text: Discovers

text: India

text: English

text: translation

text: Boss

text: saw

text: dreams

text: as

text: coming

text: from

text: person

text: 's

text: life

text: as

text: whole

text: not

text: from

text: separate

text: dream

text: state

text: He

text: also

text: did

text: not

text: see

text: the

text: unconscious

text: as

text: place

text: where

text: the

text: denied

text: impulses

text: were

text: kept

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: way

text: Freud

text: presented

text: it

text: Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

text: Vienna

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: states

text: of

text: Austria

text: Vienna

text: is

text: Austria

text: 's

text: primary

text: city

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: within

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: nearly

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: Austria

text: 's

text: population

text: and

text: its

text: cultural

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: centre

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Until

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: German

text: speaking

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: before

text: the

text: splitting

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Today

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: after

text: Berlin

text: Vienna

text: is

text: host

text: to

text: many

text: major

text: international

text: organizations

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: OPEC

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: is

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Slovakia

text: and

text: Hungary

text: These

text: regions

text: work

text: together

text: in

text: European

text: Centrope

text: border

text: region

text: Along

text: with

text: nearby

text: Bratislava

text: Vienna

text: forms

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: with

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: was

text: designated

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) combines an online encyclopedia of philosophy with peer reviewed publication of original papers in philosophy, freely accessible to Internet users. It is maintained by Stanford University. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors contributing to the encyclopedia give Stanford University the permission to publish the articles but retain the copyright to those articles.

text: The

text: Stanford

text: Encyclopedia

text: of

text: Philosophy

text: SEP

text: combines

text: an

text: online

text: encyclopedia

text: of

text: philosophy

text: with

text: peer

text: reviewed

text: publication

text: of

text: original

text: papers

text: in

text: philosophy

text: freely

text: accessible

text: to

text: Internet

text: users

text: It

text: is

text: maintained

text: by

text: Stanford

text: University

text: Each

text: entry

text: is

text: written

text: and

text: maintained

text: by

text: an

text: expert

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: including

text: professors

text: from

text: many

text: academic

text: institutions

text: worldwide

text: Authors

text: contributing

text: to

text: the

text: encyclopedia

text: give

text: Stanford

text: University

text: the

text: permission

text: to

text: publish

text: the

text: articles

text: but

text: retain

text: the

text: copyright

text: to

text: those

text: articles

text: A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are medical doctors, unlike psychologists, and must evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments, or strictly psychiatric.

text: psychiatrist

text: is

text: physician

text: who

text: specializes

text: in

text: psychiatry

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: medicine

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: diagnosis

text: prevention

text: study

text: and

text: treatment

text: of

text: mental

text: disorders

text: Psychiatrists

text: are

text: medical

text: doctors

text: unlike

text: psychologists

text: and

text: must

text: evaluate

text: patients

text: to

text: determine

text: whether

text: their

text: symptoms

text: are

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: physical

text: illness

text: combination

text: of

text: physical

text: and

text: mental

text: ailments

text: or

text: strictly

text: psychiatric

text: Sigmund Freud ( born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856  23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. In 1938 Freud left Austria to escape the Nazis. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939.

text: Sigmund

text: Freud

text: born

text: Sigismund

text: Schlomo

text: Freud

text: May

text: September

text: was

text: an

text: Austrian

text: neurologist

text: and

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: psychoanalysis

text: clinical

text: method

text: for

text: treating

text: psychopathology

text: through

text: dialogue

text: between

text: patient

text: and

text: psychoanalyst

text: Freud

text: was

text: born

text: to

text: Galician

text: Jewish

text: parents

text: in

text: the

text: Moravian

text: town

text: of

text: Freiberg

text: in

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: He

text: qualified

text: as

text: doctor

text: of

text: medicine

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: Upon

text: completing

text: his

text: habilitation

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: docent

text: in

text: neuropathology

text: and

text: became

text: an

text: affiliated

text: professor

text: in

text: Freud

text: lived

text: and

text: worked

text: in

text: Vienna

text: having

text: set

text: up

text: his

text: clinical

text: practice

text: there

text: in

text: In

text: Freud

text: left

text: Austria

text: to

text: escape

text: the

text: Nazis

text: He

text: died

text: in

text: exile

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: A social skill is any skill facilitating interaction and communication with others. Social rules and relations are created, communicated, and changed in verbal and nonverbal ways. The process of learning these skills is called socialization. For socialization, Interpersonal skills are essential to relate one another. Interpersonal skills are the interpersonal acts a person uses to interact with others which are related to dominance vs. submission, love vs. hate, affiliation vs. aggression, control vs. autonomy categories (Leary, 1957). Positive interpersonal skills include persuasion, active listening, delegation, and stewardship among others. Social psychology is the academic discipline that does research related to social skills, the discipline studies how skills are learned by an individual through changes in attitude, thinking, and behavior.

text: social

text: skill

text: is

text: any

text: skill

text: facilitating

text: interaction

text: and

text: communication

text: with

text: others

text: Social

text: rules

text: and

text: relations

text: are

text: created

text: communicated

text: and

text: changed

text: in

text: verbal

text: and

text: nonverbal

text: ways

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: learning

text: these

text: skills

text: is

text: called

text: socialization

text: For

text: socialization

text: Interpersonal

text: skills

text: are

text: essential

text: to

text: relate

text: one

text: another

text: Interpersonal

text: skills

text: are

text: the

text: interpersonal

text: acts

text: person

text: uses

text: to

text: interact

text: with

text: others

text: which

text: are

text: related

text: to

text: dominance

text: vs.

text: submission

text: love

text: vs.

text: hate

text: affiliation

text: vs.

text: aggression

text: control

text: vs.

text: autonomy

text: categories

text: Leary

text: Positive

text: interpersonal

text: skills

text: include

text: persuasion

text: active

text: listening

text: delegation

text: and

text: stewardship

text: among

text: others

text: Social

text: psychology

text: is

text: the

text: academic

text: discipline

text: that

text: does

text: research

text: related

text: to

text: social

text: skills

text: the

text: discipline

text: studies

text: how

text: skills

text: are

text: learned

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: through

text: changes

text: in

text: attitude

text: thinking

text: and

text: behavior

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely multiple

question: country_of_citizenship medard boss

answer: switzerland

text: switzerland


text: Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France.

text: Paris

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: within

text: its

text: administrative

text: limits

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: both

text: commune

text: and

text: department

text: and

text: forms

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: or

text: Paris

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: comprising

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: France

text: Catholicism (from Greek , "", "universal doctrine") is a term which in its broadest sense refers to the beliefs and practices of Christian churches that describe themselves as "Catholic". The Catholic Church, in it's official teachings and documents does not call itself or any individual Catholic Church (parish, Cathedral, etc.) a "denomination", but as a whole, all Catholic Churches together are part of the original church founded by Jesus Christ, whom all mainline Christian churches teach is "God, who became man". All "officially Catholic" churches and its ministers are obligated to teach and strive to practice the same beliefs in matters of: episcopal polity, sacramental theology, apostolic succession and sacred tradition, among other things (see Catechism of the Catholic Church).

text: Catholicism

text: from

text: Greek

text: universal

text: doctrine

text: is

text: term

text: which

text: in

text: its

text: broadest

text: sense

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: beliefs

text: and

text: practices

text: of

text: Christian

text: churches

text: that

text: describe

text: themselves

text: as

text: Catholic

text: The

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: in

text: it

text: 's

text: official

text: teachings

text: and

text: documents

text: does

text: not

text: call

text: itself

text: or

text: any

text: individual

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: parish

text: Cathedral

text: etc

text: denomination

text: but

text: as

text: whole

text: all

text: Catholic

text: Churches

text: together

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: church

text: founded

text: by

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: whom

text: all

text: mainline

text: Christian

text: churches

text: teach

text: is

text: God

text: who

text: became

text: man

text: All

text: officially

text: Catholic

text: churches

text: and

text: its

text: ministers

text: are

text: obligated

text: to

text: teach

text: and

text: strive

text: to

text: practice

text: the

text: same

text: beliefs

text: in

text: matters

text: of

text: episcopal

text: polity

text: sacramental

text: theology

text: apostolic

text: succession

text: and

text: sacred

text: tradition

text: among

text: other

text: things

text: see

text: Catechism

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: An episcopal polity is a hierarchical form of church governance ("ecclesiastical polity") in which the chief local authorities are called bishops. (The word "bishop" derives, via the British Latin and Vulgar Latin term "*ebiscopus"/"*biscopus", from the Ancient Greek "epískopos" meaning "overseer".) It is the structure used by many of the major Christian Churches and denominations, such as the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Anglican and Lutheran churches or denominations, and other churches founded independently from these lineages.

text: An

text: episcopal

text: polity

text: is

text: hierarchical

text: form

text: of

text: church

text: governance

text: ecclesiastical

text: polity

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: chief

text: local

text: authorities

text: are

text: called

text: bishops

text: The

text: word

text: bishop

text: derives

text: via

text: the

text: British

text: Latin

text: and

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: term

text: ebiscopus"/"*biscopus

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: epískopos

text: meaning

text: overseer

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: structure

text: used

text: by

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: Christian

text: Churches

text: and

text: denominations

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Oriental

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Anglican

text: and

text: Lutheran

text: churches

text: or

text: denominations

text: and

text: other

text: churches

text: founded

text: independently

text: from

text: these

text: lineages

text: Patristics or patrology is the study of the early Christian writers who are designated Church Fathers. The names derive from the combined forms of Latin "pater" and Greek "patr" (father). The period is generally considered to run from the end of New Testament times or end of the Apostolic Age to either AD 451 (the date of the Council of Chalcedon) or to the 8th century Second Council of Nicaea.

text: Patristics

text: or

text: patrology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Christian

text: writers

text: who

text: are

text: designated

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: The

text: names

text: derive

text: from

text: the

text: combined

text: forms

text: of

text: Latin

text: pater

text: and

text: Greek

text: patr

text: father

text: The

text: period

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: run

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: New

text: Testament

text: times

text: or

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Apostolic

text: Age

text: to

text: either

text: AD

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Chalcedon

text: or

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: Second

text: Council

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: The University of Paris, metonymically known as the Sorbonne (its historical house), was a university in Paris, France. Appearing around 1150 as a corporation associated with the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral school, it was the second-oldest modern university in Europe. Chartered in 1200 by King Philip II (Philippe-Auguste) of France and recognised in 1215 by Pope Innocent III, it was often nicknamed after its theology collegiate institution, College of Sorbonne, founded about 1257 by Robert de Sorbon.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: metonymically

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sorbonne

text: its

text: historical

text: house

text: was

text: university

text: in

text: Paris

text: France

text: Appearing

text: around

text: as

text: corporation

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: de

text: Paris

text: cathedral

text: school

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: oldest

text: modern

text: university

text: in

text: Europe

text: Chartered

text: in

text: by

text: King

text: Philip

text: II

text: Philippe

text: Auguste

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: recognised

text: in

text: by

text: Pope

text: Innocent

text: III

text: it

text: was

text: often

text: nicknamed

text: after

text: its

text: theology

text: collegiate

text: institution

text: College

text: of

text: Sorbonne

text: founded

text: about

text: by

text: Robert

text: de

text: Sorbon

text: A philosopher is someone who practices philosophy, which involves rational inquiry into areas that are outside of either theology or science. The term "philosopher" comes from the Ancient Greek ("philosophos") meaning "lover of wisdom". The coining of the term has been attributed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras (6th century BC).

text: philosopher

text: is

text: someone

text: who

text: practices

text: philosophy

text: which

text: involves

text: rational

text: inquiry

text: into

text: areas

text: that

text: are

text: outside

text: of

text: either

text: theology

text: or

text: science

text: The

text: term

text: philosopher

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: philosophos

text: meaning

text: lover

text: of

text: wisdom

text: The

text: coining

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: has

text: been

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: Greek

text: thinker

text: Pythagoras

text: century

text: BC

text: Robert de Sorbon (October 9, 1201  August 15, 1274) was a French theologian, the chaplain of Louis IX of France, and founder of the Sorbonne college in Paris.

text: Robert

text: de

text: Sorbon

text: October

text: August

text: was

text: French

text: theologian

text: the

text: chaplain

text: of

text: Louis

text: IX

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Sorbonne

text: college

text: in

text: Paris

text: The Sorbonne is an edifice of the Latin Quarter, in Paris, France, which was the historical house of the former University of Paris. Today, it houses part or all of several higher education and research institutions such as Panthéon-Sorbonne University, Sorbonne Nouvelle University, Paris-Sorbonne University, Paris Descartes University, the École Nationale des Chartes and the École pratique des hautes études.

text: The

text: Sorbonne

text: is

text: an

text: edifice

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: Quarter

text: in

text: Paris

text: France

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: historical

text: house

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: Today

text: it

text: houses

text: part

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: several

text: higher

text: education

text: and

text: research

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: Panthéon

text: Sorbonne

text: University

text: Sorbonne

text: Nouvelle

text: University

text: Paris

text: Sorbonne

text: University

text: Paris

text: Descartes

text: University

text: the

text: École

text: Nationale

text: des

text: Chartes

text: and

text: the

text: École

text: pratique

text: des

text: hautes

text: études

text: Antoine Arnauld (February 6, 1612  August 8, 1694)  "le Grand", as contemporaries called him, to distinguish him from his father  was a French Roman Catholic theologian, philosopher, and mathematician. He was one of the leading intellectuals of the Jansenist group of Port-Royal and had a very thorough knowledge of patristics.

text: Antoine

text: Arnauld

text: February

text: August

text: le

text: Grand

text: as

text: contemporaries

text: called

text: him

text: to

text: distinguish

text: him

text: from

text: his

text: father

text: was

text: French

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: theologian

text: philosopher

text: and

text: mathematician

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: intellectuals

text: of

text: the

text: Jansenist

text: group

text: of

text: Port

text: Royal

text: and

text: had

text: very

text: thorough

text: knowledge

text: of

text: patristics

text: Notre-Dame de Paris (meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), also known as Notre-Dame Cathedral or simply Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité in the fourth arrondissement of Paris, France. The cathedral is widely considered to be one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture, and is among the largest and most well-known church buildings in the world. The naturalism of its sculptures and stained glass are in contrast with earlier Romanesque architecture.

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: de

text: Paris

text: meaning

text: Our

text: Lady

text: of

text: Paris

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: Cathedral

text: or

text: simply

text: Notre

text: Dame

text: is

text: medieval

text: Catholic

text: cathedral

text: on

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: la

text: Cité

text: in

text: the

text: fourth

text: arrondissement

text: of

text: Paris

text: France

text: The

text: cathedral

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: finest

text: examples

text: of

text: French

text: Gothic

text: architecture

text: and

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: church

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: naturalism

text: of

text: its

text: sculptures

text: and

text: stained

text: glass

text: are

text: in

text: contrast

text: with

text: earlier

text: Romanesque

text: architecture

text: Antoine Arnauld ( August 6 , 1560 , Paris -- 29 December 1619 , Paris ) was a famous lawyer in the Parlement de Paris , and a Counsellor of State under Henry IV. A skilled orator , his most famous speech was in 1594 in favor of the University of Paris and against the Jesuits , decrying their lack of support for Henry IV , newly converted from Protestantism to Catholicism . He wrote a number of political pamphlets which were widely distributed . The best known of his writings is entitled Le franc et véritable discours du Roi sur le rétablissement qui lui est demandé des Jésuites ( 1602 ) . He was married to Catherine Marion de Druy and had twenty children by her , ten of whom survived him .

text: Antoine

text: Arnauld

text: August

text: Paris

text: December

text: Paris

text: was

text: famous

text: lawyer

text: in

text: the

text: Parlement

text: de

text: Paris

text: and

text: Counsellor

text: of

text: State

text: under

text: Henry

text: IV

text: skilled

text: orator

text: his

text: most

text: famous

text: speech

text: was

text: in

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: and

text: against

text: the

text: Jesuits

text: decrying

text: their

text: lack

text: of

text: support

text: for

text: Henry

text: IV

text: newly

text: converted

text: from

text: Protestantism

text: to

text: Catholicism

text: He

text: wrote

text: number

text: of

text: political

text: pamphlets

text: which

text: were

text: widely

text: distributed

text: The

text: best

text: known

text: of

text: his

text: writings

text: is

text: entitled

text: Le

text: franc

text: et

text: véritable

text: discours

text: du

text: Roi

text: sur

text: le

text: rétablissement

text: qui

text: lui

text: est

text: demandé

text: des

text: Jésuites

text: He

text: was

text: married

text: to

text: Catherine

text: Marion

text: de

text: Druy

text: and

text: had

text: twenty

text: children

text: by

text: her

text: ten

text: of

text: whom

text: survived

text: him

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: The College of Sorbonne was a theological college of the University of Paris, founded in 1253 by Robert de Sorbon (12011274), after whom it was named. With the rest of the Paris colleges, it was suppressed during the French Revolution. It was restored in 1808 but finally closed in 1882. In recent times it came to refer to the group of academic faculties of the University of Paris, as opposed to the professional faculties of law and medicine. It is also used to refer to the main building of the University of Paris in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, which houses several faculties created when the University was divided up into thirteen autonomous universities in 1970.

text: The

text: College

text: of

text: Sorbonne

text: was

text: theological

text: college

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Robert

text: de

text: Sorbon

text: after

text: whom

text: it

text: was

text: named

text: With

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Paris

text: colleges

text: it

text: was

text: suppressed

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: It

text: was

text: restored

text: in

text: but

text: finally

text: closed

text: in

text: In

text: recent

text: times

text: it

text: came

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: group

text: of

text: academic

text: faculties

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: professional

text: faculties

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: medicine

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: main

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Paris

text: in

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: of

text: Paris

text: which

text: houses

text: several

text: faculties

text: created

text: when

text: the

text: University

text: was

text: divided

text: up

text: into

text: thirteen

text: autonomous

text: universities

text: in

annotations: likely single

question: languages_spoken_or_written antoine arnauld

answer: french

text: french

text: french

text: french

text: french

text: french

text: french

text: french


text: Parliamentary elections were held in Norway on 14 and 15 September 1997 . Prior to the election Prime Minister Thorbjørn Jagland of the Labour Party had issued the 36.9 ultimatum declaring that the government would step down unless it gained 36.9 % of the vote , the percentage gained by the Labour Party in 1993 under Gro Harlem Brundtland . Whilst Labour won a plurality of seats , they were unable to reach Jagland 's 36.9 % threshold , gaining 35 % of the vote . As a result of this , the Labour government stepped down , being replaced by a centrist coalition of the Christian People 's Party , Liberal Party and the Centre Party , with Kjell Magne Bondevik being appointed Prime Minister , and confidence and supply support from the Progress Party and Conservative Party .

text: Parliamentary

text: elections

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: Norway

text: on

text: and

text: September

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: election

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Thorbjørn

text: Jagland

text: of

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: had

text: issued

text: the

text: ultimatum

text: declaring

text: that

text: the

text: government

text: would

text: step

text: down

text: unless

text: it

text: gained

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: the

text: percentage

text: gained

text: by

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: in

text: under

text: Gro

text: Harlem

text: Brundtland

text: Whilst

text: Labour

text: won

text: plurality

text: of

text: seats

text: they

text: were

text: unable

text: to

text: reach

text: Jagland

text: 's

text: threshold

text: gaining

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: As

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: the

text: Labour

text: government

text: stepped

text: down

text: being

text: replaced

text: by

text: centrist

text: coalition

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: and

text: the

text: Centre

text: Party

text: with

text: Kjell

text: Magne

text: Bondevik

text: being

text: appointed

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: and

text: confidence

text: and

text: supply

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: Progress

text: Party

text: and

text: Conservative

text: Party

text:
A monarchy is a form of government in which a group, usually a family called the dynasty, embodies the country's national identity and one of its members, called the monarch, exercises a role of sovereignty. The actual power of the monarch may vary from purely symbolic (crowned republic), to partial and restricted ("constitutional" monarchy), to completely autocratic ("absolute" monarchy). Traditionally and in most cases, the monarch's post is inherited and lasts until death or abdication, but there are also elective monarchies where the monarch is elected. Each of these has variations: in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees are, whereas many hereditary monarchies impose requirements regarding the religion, age, gender, mental capacity, and other factors. Occasionally this might create a situation of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject to effective election. Finally, there have been cases where the term of a monarch's reign is either fixed in years or continues until certain goals are achieved: an invasion being repulsed, for instance. Thus there are widely divergent structures and traditions defining monarchy.
Monarchy was the most common form of government until the 19th century, but it is no longer prevalent. Where it exists, it is now usually a constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch retains a unique legal and ceremonial role, but exercises limited or no official political power: under the written or unwritten constitution, others have governing authority. Currently, 47 sovereign nations in the world have monarchs acting as heads of state, 19 of which are Commonwealth realms that recognise Queen Elizabeth II as their head of state. All European monarchies are constitutional ones, with the exception of the Vatican City which is an elective monarchy, but sovereigns in the smaller states exercise greater political influence than in the larger. The monarchs of Cambodia, Japan, and Malaysia "reign, but do not rule" although there is considerable variation in the degree of authority they wield. Although they reign under constitutions, the monarchs of Brunei, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Swaziland appear to continue to exercise more political influence than any other single source of authority in their nations, either by constitutional mandate or by tradition.

text: monarchy

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: in

text: which

text: group

text: usually

text: family

text: called

text: the

text: dynasty

text: embodies

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: national

text: identity

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: members

text: called

text: the

text: monarch

text: exercises

text: role

text: of

text: sovereignty

text: The

text: actual

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: may

text: vary

text: from

text: purely

text: symbolic

text: crowned

text: republic

text: to

text: partial

text: and

text: restricted

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: to

text: completely

text: autocratic

text: absolute

text: monarchy

text: Traditionally

text: and

text: in

text: most

text: cases

text: the

text: monarch

text: 's

text: post

text: is

text: inherited

text: and

text: lasts

text: until

text: death

text: or

text: abdication

text: but

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: elective

text: monarchies

text: where

text: the

text: monarch

text: is

text: elected

text: Each

text: of

text: these

text: has

text: variations

text: in

text: some

text: elected

text: monarchies

text: only

text: those

text: of

text: certain

text: pedigrees

text: are

text: whereas

text: many

text: hereditary

text: monarchies

text: impose

text: requirements

text: regarding

text: the

text: religion

text: age

text: gender

text: mental

text: capacity

text: and

text: other

text: factors

text: Occasionally

text: this

text: might

text: create

text: situation

text: of

text: rival

text: claimants

text: whose

text: legitimacy

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: effective

text: election

text: Finally

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: cases

text: where

text: the

text: term

text: of

text: monarch

text: 's

text: reign

text: is

text: either

text: fixed

text: in

text: years

text: or

text: continues

text: until

text: certain

text: goals

text: are

text: achieved

text: an

text: invasion

text: being

text: repulsed

text: for

text: instance

text: Thus

text: there

text: are

text: widely

text: divergent

text: structures

text: and

text: traditions

text: defining

text: monarchy

text: Monarchy

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: prevalent

text: Where

text: it

text: exists

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: usually

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: monarch

text: retains

text: unique

text: legal

text: and

text: ceremonial

text: role

text: but

text: exercises

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: official

text: political

text: power

text: under

text: the

text: written

text: or

text: unwritten

text: constitution

text: others

text: have

text: governing

text: authority

text: Currently

text: sovereign

text: nations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: have

text: monarchs

text: acting

text: as

text: heads

text: of

text: state

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: Commonwealth

text: realms

text: that

text: recognise

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: as

text: their

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: All

text: European

text: monarchies

text: are

text: constitutional

text: ones

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: Vatican

text: City

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: elective

text: monarchy

text: but

text: sovereigns

text: in

text: the

text: smaller

text: states

text: exercise

text: greater

text: political

text: influence

text: than

text: in

text: the

text: larger

text: The

text: monarchs

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: Japan

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: reign

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: rule

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: considerable

text: variation

text: in

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: authority

text: they

text: wield

text: Although

text: they

text: reign

text: under

text: constitutions

text: the

text: monarchs

text: of

text: Brunei

text: Morocco

text: Oman

text: Qatar

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: and

text: Swaziland

text: appear

text: to

text: continue

text: to

text: exercise

text: more

text: political

text: influence

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: single

text: source

text: of

text: authority

text: in

text: their

text: nations

text: either

text: by

text: constitutional

text: mandate

text: or

text: by

text: tradition

text: Gro Harlem Brundtland (born Gro Harlem, 20 April 1939) is a Norwegian politician, who served three terms as Prime Minister of Norway (1981, 198689, and 199096) and as Director-General of the World Health Organization from 1998 to 2003. She is also known for having chaired the Brundtland Commission which presented the Brundtland Report on sustainable development.

text: Gro

text: Harlem

text: Brundtland

text: born

text: Gro

text: Harlem

text: April

text: is

text: Norwegian

text: politician

text: who

text: served

text: three

text: terms

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: and

text: as

text: Director

text: General

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: from

text: to

text: She

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: having

text: chaired

text: the

text: Brundtland

text: Commission

text: which

text: presented

text: the

text: Brundtland

text: Report

text: on

text: sustainable

text: development

text: The 36.9 ultimatum refers to the 1997 ultimatum by then-Prime Minister of Norway, Thorbjørn Jagland, that his government would resign if the Norwegian Labour Party gained less than 36.9% of the votes (the percentage gained by the Labour Party in 1993 under Gro Harlem Brundtland) in the parliamentary election, no matter what the parliamentary situation would be.

text: The

text: ultimatum

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: ultimatum

text: by

text: then

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Norway

text: Thorbjørn

text: Jagland

text: that

text: his

text: government

text: would

text: resign

text: if

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Labour

text: Party

text: gained

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: votes

text: the

text: percentage

text: gained

text: by

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: in

text: under

text: Gro

text: Harlem

text: Brundtland

text: in

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: election

text: no

text: matter

text: what

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: situation

text: would

text: be

text: The Prime Minister of Norway (literally "state minister") is the political leader of Norway and the Head of the Government of Norway. The Prime Minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to the Storting (Parliament of Norway), to their political party, and ultimately the electorate. In practice, since it is nearly impossible for a government to stay in office against the will of the Storting, the Prime Minister is primarily answerable to the Storting.

text: The

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Norway

text: literally

text: state

text: minister

text: is

text: the

text: political

text: leader

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: the

text: Head

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Norway

text: The

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: and

text: Cabinet

text: consisting

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: government

text: department

text: heads

text: are

text: collectively

text: accountable

text: for

text: their

text: policies

text: and

text: actions

text: to

text: the

text: Monarch

text: to

text: the

text: Storting

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Norway

text: to

text: their

text: political

text: party

text: and

text: ultimately

text: the

text: electorate

text: In

text: practice

text: since

text: it

text: is

text: nearly

text: impossible

text: for

text: government

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: office

text: against

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: Storting

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: is

text: primarily

text: answerable

text: to

text: the

text: Storting

text: Formally known as the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), the mission of Brundtland Commission is to unite countries to pursue sustainable development together. The Chairperson of the Commission, Gro Harlem Brundtland, was appointed by Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, former Secretary General of the United Nations, in December 1983. At the time, the UN General Assembly realized that there was a heavy deterioration of the human environment and natural resources. To rally countries to work and pursue sustainable development together, the UN decided to establish the Brundtland Commission. Gro Harlem Brundtland was the former Prime Minister of Norway and was chosen due to her strong background in the sciences and public health. The Brundtland Commission officially dissolved in December 1987 after releasing "Our Common Future", also known as the "Brundtland Report", in October 1987, a document which coined, and defined the meaning of the term "Sustainable Development". "Our Common Future" won the University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award in 1991. The organization Center for Our Common Future was started in April 1988 to take the place of the Commission.

text: Formally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: World

text: Commission

text: on

text: Environment

text: and

text: Development

text: WCED

text: the

text: mission

text: of

text: Brundtland

text: Commission

text: is

text: to

text: unite

text: countries

text: to

text: pursue

text: sustainable

text: development

text: together

text: The

text: Chairperson

text: of

text: the

text: Commission

text: Gro

text: Harlem

text: Brundtland

text: was

text: appointed

text: by

text: Javier

text: Pérez

text: de

text: Cuéllar

text: former

text: Secretary

text: General

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: in

text: December

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: UN

text: General

text: Assembly

text: realized

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: heavy

text: deterioration

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: environment

text: and

text: natural

text: resources

text: To

text: rally

text: countries

text: to

text: work

text: and

text: pursue

text: sustainable

text: development

text: together

text: the

text: UN

text: decided

text: to

text: establish

text: the

text: Brundtland

text: Commission

text: Gro

text: Harlem

text: Brundtland

text: was

text: the

text: former

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: was

text: chosen

text: due

text: to

text: her

text: strong

text: background

text: in

text: the

text: sciences

text: and

text: public

text: health

text: The

text: Brundtland

text: Commission

text: officially

text: dissolved

text: in

text: December

text: after

text: releasing

text: Our

text: Common

text: Future

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Brundtland

text: Report

text: in

text: October

text: document

text: which

text: coined

text: and

text: defined

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Sustainable

text: Development

text: Our

text: Common

text: Future

text: won

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Louisville

text: Grawemeyer

text: Award

text: in

text: The

text: organization

text: Center

text: for

text: Our

text: Common

text: Future

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: April

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: Commission

text: The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health. It was established on 7 April 1948, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. The WHO is a member of the United Nations Development Group. Its predecessor, the Health Organization, was an agency of the League of Nations.

text: The

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: WHO

text: is

text: specialized

text: agency

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: that

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: international

text: public

text: health

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: April

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Geneva

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: WHO

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Development

text: Group

text: Its

text: predecessor

text: the

text: Health

text: Organization

text: was

text: an

text: agency

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: "Norgga"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.

text: Norway

text: Norwegian

text: Bokmål

text: or

text: Nynorsk

text: Sami

text: Norgga

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Norway

text: is

text: sovereign

text: and

text: unitary

text: monarchy

text: whose

text: territory

text: comprises

text: the

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: Peninsula

text: plus

text: the

text: island

text: Jan

text: Mayen

text: and

text: the

text: archipelago

text: of

text: Svalbard

text: The

text: Antarctic

text: Peter

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: sub

text: Antarctic

text: Bouvet

text: Island

text: are

text: dependent

text: territories

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: Norway

text: also

text: lays

text: claim

text: to

text: section

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: known

text: as

text: Queen

text: Maud

text: Land

text: Until

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: included

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: since

text: Greenland

text: and

text: Iceland

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: Shetland

text: and

text: Orkney

text: until

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: following

text: provinces

text: now

text: in

text: Sweden

text: Jämtland

text: Härjedalen

text: and

text: Bohuslän

text: Kjell Magne Bondevik (born 3 September 1947) is a Norwegian Lutheran minister and politician (Christian Democratic Party). He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 1997 to 2000, and from 2001 to 2005, making him Norway's longest serving non-Labour Party Prime Minister since World War II. Currently, he is President of the Oslo Centre for Peace and Human Rights.

text: Kjell

text: Magne

text: Bondevik

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: Norwegian

text: Lutheran

text: minister

text: and

text: politician

text: Christian

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Norway

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: making

text: him

text: Norway

text: 's

text: longest

text: serving

text: non

text: Labour

text: Party

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: since

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Currently

text: he

text: is

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Oslo

text: Centre

text: for

text: Peace

text: and

text: Human

text: Rights

annotations: follows multiple

question: office_contested norwegian parliamentary election

answer: prime minister of norway

text: prime minister of norway

text: prime minister of norway

text: prime minister of norway

text: prime minister of norway

text: prime minister of norway


text: The Torah ("instruction, teaching"), or in Christianity, the Pentateuch ("five books"), is the central reference of the religious Judaic tradition. It has a range of meanings. It can most specifically mean the first five books of the twenty-four books of the Tanakh, and it usually includes the rabbinic commentaries ('). The term "Torah" means instruction and offers a way of life for those who follow it; it can mean the continued narrative from Book of Genesis to the end of the Tanakh, and it can even mean the totality of Jewish teaching, culture and practice. Common to all these meanings, Torah consists of the foundational narrative of Jewish peoplehood: their call into being by God, their trials and tribulations, and their covenant with their God, which involves following a way of life embodied in a set of moral and religious obligations and civil laws (').

text: The

text: Torah

text: instruction

text: teaching

text: or

text: in

text: Christianity

text: the

text: Pentateuch

text: five

text: books

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: reference

text: of

text: the

text: religious

text: Judaic

text: tradition

text: It

text: has

text: range

text: of

text: meanings

text: It

text: can

text: most

text: specifically

text: mean

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: books

text: of

text: the

text: twenty

text: four

text: books

text: of

text: the

text: Tanakh

text: and

text: it

text: usually

text: includes

text: the

text: rabbinic

text: commentaries

text: The

text: term

text: Torah

text: means

text: instruction

text: and

text: offers

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: follow

text: it

text: it

text: can

text: mean

text: the

text: continued

text: narrative

text: from

text: Book

text: of

text: Genesis

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Tanakh

text: and

text: it

text: can

text: even

text: mean

text: the

text: totality

text: of

text: Jewish

text: teaching

text: culture

text: and

text: practice

text: Common

text: to

text: all

text: these

text: meanings

text: Torah

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: foundational

text: narrative

text: of

text: Jewish

text: peoplehood

text: their

text: call

text: into

text: being

text: by

text: God

text: their

text: trials

text: and

text: tribulations

text: and

text: their

text: covenant

text: with

text: their

text: God

text: which

text: involves

text: following

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: embodied

text: in

text: set

text: of

text: moral

text: and

text: religious

text: obligations

text: and

text: civil

text: laws

text: Judaism (from , derived from Greek , originally from Hebrew , "Yehudah", "Judah"; in Hebrew: , "Yahadut", the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos) encompasses the religion, philosophy, culture and way of life of the Jewish people. Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship that God established with the Children of Israel. With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth-largest religion in the world.

text: Judaism

text: from

text: derived

text: from

text: Greek

text: originally

text: from

text: Hebrew

text: Yehudah

text: Judah

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: Yahadut

text: the

text: distinctive

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: Judean

text: ethnos

text: encompasses

text: the

text: religion

text: philosophy

text: culture

text: and

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: people

text: Judaism

text: is

text: an

text: ancient

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: with

text: the

text: Torah

text: as

text: its

text: foundational

text: text

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: text

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Tanakh

text: or

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: and

text: supplemental

text: oral

text: tradition

text: represented

text: by

text: later

text: texts

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Midrash

text: and

text: the

text: Talmud

text: Judaism

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: religious

text: Jews

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: covenantal

text: relationship

text: that

text: God

text: established

text: with

text: the

text: Children

text: of

text: Israel

text: With

text: between

text: and

text: million

text: adherents

text: worldwide

text: Judaism

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Rebbe or , is a Yiddish word derived from the Hebrew word "rabbi", which means "master, teacher, or mentor". Like the title "rabbi" it refers to teachers of Torah or leaders of Judaism.

text: Rebbe

text: or

text: is

text: Yiddish

text: word

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: word

text: rabbi

text: which

text: means

text: master

text: teacher

text: or

text: mentor

text: Like

text: the

text: title

text: rabbi

text: it

text: refers

text: to

text: teachers

text: of

text: Torah

text: or

text: leaders

text: of

text: Judaism

text: Rabbi Shemaryahu Gurary , also known by his Hebrew initials as Rashag , ( 1898 - 1989 ) was an Orthodox rabbi belonging to the Chabad - Lubavitch Hasidic movement . His father was Rabbi Menachem Mendel Gurary . He was the older son - in - law of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn ( 1880 - 1950 ) , known as Rebbe Rayatz , the sixth Rebbe of the Chabad - Lubavitch Hasidic movement , and the brother - in - law of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson , the seventh Lubavitcher Rebbe . He worked with his father - in - law in communal service in both Russia and Poland and then arrived in the U.S. in 1940 , where he continued this work until his death . Gurary had a comprehensive knowledge of Chassidic philosophy and was a devoted follower of his father - in - law Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn , and later of his brother - in - law , Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson .

text: Rabbi

text: Shemaryahu

text: Gurary

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: Hebrew

text: initials

text: as

text: Rashag

text: was

text: an

text: Orthodox

text: rabbi

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Chabad

text: Lubavitch

text: Hasidic

text: movement

text: His

text: father

text: was

text: Rabbi

text: Menachem

text: Mendel

text: Gurary

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: older

text: son

text: in

text: law

text: of

text: Rabbi

text: Yosef

text: Yitzchok

text: Schneersohn

text: known

text: as

text: Rebbe

text: Rayatz

text: the

text: sixth

text: Rebbe

text: of

text: the

text: Chabad

text: Lubavitch

text: Hasidic

text: movement

text: and

text: the

text: brother

text: in

text: law

text: of

text: Rabbi

text: Menachem

text: Mendel

text: Schneerson

text: the

text: seventh

text: Lubavitcher

text: Rebbe

text: He

text: worked

text: with

text: his

text: father

text: in

text: law

text: in

text: communal

text: service

text: in

text: both

text: Russia

text: and

text: Poland

text: and

text: then

text: arrived

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: in

text: where

text: he

text: continued

text: this

text: work

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: Gurary

text: had

text: comprehensive

text: knowledge

text: of

text: Chassidic

text: philosophy

text: and

text: was

text: devoted

text: follower

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: in

text: law

text: Rabbi

text: Yosef

text: Yitzchak

text: Schneersohn

text: and

text: later

text: of

text: his

text: brother

text: in

text: law

text: Rabbi

text: Menachem

text: Mendel

text: Schneerson

text: In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word ' , meaning "My Master" (irregular plural ' ), which is the way a student would address a master of Torah. The word "master" "" literally means "great one".

text: In

text: Judaism

text: rabbi

text: is

text: teacher

text: of

text: Torah

text: This

text: title

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: word

text: meaning

text: My

text: Master

text: irregular

text: plural

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: way

text: student

text: would

text: address

text: master

text: of

text: Torah

text: The

text: word

text: master

text: literally

text: means

text: great

text: one

question: religion shemaryahu gurary

answer: judaism

text: judaism

text: judaism

text: judaism

text: judaism

text: judaism

text: judaism