text: Devon (archaically known as Devonshire) is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south. It is part of South West England, bounded by Cornwall to the west, Somerset to the northeast, and Dorset to the east. The City of Exeter is the county town; seven other districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, Torridge, and West Devon are under the jurisdiction of Devon County Council; Plymouth and Torbay are each a part of Devon but administered as unitary authorities. Combined as a ceremonial county, Devon's area is and its population is about 1.1 million.

text: Devon

text: archaically

text: known

text: as

text: Devonshire

text: is

text: county

text: of

text: England

text: reaching

text: from

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: bounded

text: by

text: Cornwall

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Somerset

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Dorset

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Exeter

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: seven

text: other

text: districts

text: of

text: East

text: Devon

text: Mid

text: Devon

text: North

text: Devon

text: South

text: Hams

text: Teignbridge

text: Torridge

text: and

text: West

text: Devon

text: are

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: Devon

text: County

text: Council

text: Plymouth

text: and

text: Torbay

text: are

text: each

text: part

text: of

text: Devon

text: but

text: administered

text: as

text: unitary

text: authorities

text: Combined

text: as

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: Devon

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: and

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: about

text: million

text: Thomas Beaufort , 1st Duke of Exeter KG ( c. 1377 -- c. 31 December 1426 ) was an English military commander during the Hundred Years ' War , and briefly Chancellor of England . He was the third of the four children born to John of Gaunt , Duke of Lancaster , and his mistress Katherine Swynford . To overcome their problematic parentage , his parents were married in 1396 , and he and his siblings were legitimated on two separate occasions , in 1390 and again in 1397 . He married the daughter of Sir Thomas Neville of Horneby , Margaret Neville , who bore him one son , Henry Beaufort . However , the child died young .

text: Thomas

text: Beaufort

text: Duke

text: of

text: Exeter

text: KG

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: military

text: commander

text: during

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: and

text: briefly

text: Chancellor

text: of

text: England

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: children

text: born

text: to

text: John

text: of

text: Gaunt

text: Duke

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: and

text: his

text: mistress

text: Katherine

text: Swynford

text: To

text: overcome

text: their

text: problematic

text: parentage

text: his

text: parents

text: were

text: married

text: in

text: and

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: siblings

text: were

text: legitimated

text: on

text: two

text: separate

text: occasions

text: in

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: He

text: married

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: Sir

text: Thomas

text: Neville

text: of

text: Horneby

text: Margaret

text: Neville

text: who

text: bore

text: him

text: one

text: son

text: Henry

text: Beaufort

text: However

text: the

text: child

text: died

text: young

text: John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, (6 March 1340  3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third of five surviving sons of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in Ghent, then rendered in English as "Gaunt". When he became unpopular later in life, scurrilous rumours and lampoons circulated that he was actually the son of a Ghent butcher, perhaps because Edward III was not present at the birth. This story always drove him to fury.

text: John

text: of

text: Gaunt

text: Duke

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: March

text: February

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Plantagenet

text: the

text: third

text: of

text: five

text: surviving

text: sons

text: of

text: King

text: Edward

text: III

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Philippa

text: of

text: Hainault

text: He

text: was

text: called

text: John

text: of

text: Gaunt

text: because

text: he

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Ghent

text: then

text: rendered

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Gaunt

text: When

text: he

text: became

text: unpopular

text: later

text: in

text: life

text: scurrilous

text: rumours

text: and

text: lampoons

text: circulated

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: actually

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Ghent

text: butcher

text: perhaps

text: because

text: Edward

text: III

text: was

text: not

text: present

text: at

text: the

text: birth

text: This

text: story

text: always

text: drove

text: him

text: to

text: fury

text: The title Duke of Exeter was created several times in England in the later Middle Ages, when Exeter was the main town of Devon. It was first created for John Holland, the half-brother of King Richard II in 1397. That title was rescinded upon Henry IV's accession to the throne two years later, and the title was subsequently granted to Henry V's uncle, Thomas Beaufort, 1st Earl of Dorset. Following this Duke's death without heirs in 1426, the title was restored to the Holland family, which held it until the 3rd Duke was attainted in 1461 as a Lancastrian, dying in 1475.

text: The

text: title

text: Duke

text: of

text: Exeter

text: was

text: created

text: several

text: times

text: in

text: England

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: when

text: Exeter

text: was

text: the

text: main

text: town

text: of

text: Devon

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: created

text: for

text: John

text: Holland

text: the

text: half

text: brother

text: of

text: King

text: Richard

text: II

text: in

text: That

text: title

text: was

text: rescinded

text: upon

text: Henry

text: IV

text: 's

text: accession

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: and

text: the

text: title

text: was

text: subsequently

text: granted

text: to

text: Henry

text: 's

text: uncle

text: Thomas

text: Beaufort

text: Earl

text: of

text: Dorset

text: Following

text: this

text: Duke

text: 's

text: death

text: without

text: heirs

text: in

text: the

text: title

text: was

text: restored

text: to

text: the

text: Holland

text: family

text: which

text: held

text: it

text: until

text: the

text: Duke

text: was

text: attainted

text: in

text: as

text: Lancastrian

text: dying

text: in

text: The House of Valois was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. They succeeded the House of Capet (or "Direct Capetians") to the French throne, and were the royal house of France from 1328 to 1589. Junior members of the family founded cadet branches in Orléans, Anjou, Burgundy, and Alençon.

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Valois

text: was

text: cadet

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Capetian

text: dynasty

text: They

text: succeeded

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Capet

text: or

text: Direct

text: Capetians

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: throne

text: and

text: were

text: the

text: royal

text: house

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: to

text: Junior

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: founded

text: cadet

text: branches

text: in

text: Orléans

text: Anjou

text: Burgundy

text: and

text: Alençon

text: Ghent  is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium. It is the capital and largest city of the East Flanders province and after Antwerp the largest municipality of Belgium. The city started as a settlement at the confluence of the Rivers Scheldt and Leie and in the Late Middle Ages became one of the largest and richest cities of northern Europe, with some 50,000 people in 1300. It is a port and university city.

text: Ghent

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: Flemish

text: Region

text: of

text: Belgium

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Flanders

text: province

text: and

text: after

text: Antwerp

text: the

text: largest

text: municipality

text: of

text: Belgium

text: The

text: city

text: started

text: as

text: settlement

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Rivers

text: Scheldt

text: and

text: Leie

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: richest

text: cities

text: of

text: northern

text: Europe

text: with

text: some

text: people

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: port

text: and

text: university

text: city

text: The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, over the succession of the French throne. Each side drew many allies into the war. It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages, in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe. The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline, and the development of strong national identities in both countries.

text: The

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: was

text: series

text: of

text: conflicts

text: waged

text: from

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Plantagenet

text: rulers

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: against

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Valois

text: rulers

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: France

text: over

text: the

text: succession

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: throne

text: Each

text: side

text: drew

text: many

text: allies

text: into

text: the

text: war

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: conflicts

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: in

text: which

text: five

text: generations

text: of

text: kings

text: from

text: two

text: rival

text: dynasties

text: fought

text: for

text: the

text: throne

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: kingdom

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: The

text: war

text: marked

text: both

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: chivalry

text: and

text: its

text: subsequent

text: decline

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: strong

text: national

text: identities

text: in

text: both

text: countries

text: Chivalry, or the chivalric code, is a code of conduct associated with the medieval institution of knighthood which developed between 1170 and 1220. The ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature, especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France, the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth's "Historia Regum Britanniae" which introduced the legend of King Arthur, written in the 1130s.

text: Chivalry

text: or

text: the

text: chivalric

text: code

text: is

text: code

text: of

text: conduct

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: medieval

text: institution

text: of

text: knighthood

text: which

text: developed

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: ideals

text: of

text: chivalry

text: were

text: popularized

text: in

text: medieval

text: literature

text: especially

text: the

text: Matter

text: of

text: Britain

text: and

text: Matter

text: of

text: France

text: the

text: former

text: based

text: on

text: Geoffrey

text: of

text: Monmouth

text: 's

text: Historia

text: Regum

text: Britanniae

text: which

text: introduced

text: the

text: legend

text: of

text: King

text: Arthur

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: The Kingdom of France was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Western Europe, the predecessor of the modern French Republic. It was one of the most powerful states in Europe, a great power since the Late Middle Ages and the Hundred Years' War. It was also an early colonial power, with possessions around the world.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: France

text: was

text: medieval

text: and

text: early

text: modern

text: monarchy

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: the

text: predecessor

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: French

text: Republic

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: states

text: in

text: Europe

text: great

text: power

text: since

text: the

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: an

text: early

text: colonial

text: power

text: with

text: possessions

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Edward III (13 November 1312  21 June 1377) was King of England from 25 January 1327 until his death; he is noted for his military success and for restoring royal authority after the disastrous and unorthodox reign of his father, Edward II. Edward III transformed the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe. His long reign of fifty years was the second longest in medieval England and saw vital developments in legislation and governmentin particular the evolution of the English parliamentas well as the ravages of the Black Death.

text: Edward

text: III

text: November

text: June

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: from

text: January

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: he

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: military

text: success

text: and

text: for

text: restoring

text: royal

text: authority

text: after

text: the

text: disastrous

text: and

text: unorthodox

text: reign

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Edward

text: II

text: Edward

text: III

text: transformed

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: formidable

text: military

text: powers

text: in

text: Europe

text: His

text: long

text: reign

text: of

text: fifty

text: years

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: in

text: medieval

text: England

text: and

text: saw

text: vital

text: developments

text: in

text: legislation

text: and

text: governmentin

text: particular

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: parliamentas

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: ravages

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: Katherine Swynford, Duchess of Lancaster (November 25, 1350  May 10, 1403)(also spelled Katharine or Catherine), was the third wife of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. She had been the Duke's lover for many years before their marriage. The couple's children, born before the marriage, were later legitimated during the reign of the Duke's nephew, Richard II. When the Duke's son from his first marriage overthrew Richard, becoming Henry IV, he introduced a provision that neither they nor their descendants could ever claim the throne of England.

text: Katherine

text: Swynford

text: Duchess

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: November

text: May

text: spelled

text: Katharine

text: or

text: Catherine

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: wife

text: of

text: John

text: of

text: Gaunt

text: Duke

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: son

text: of

text: King

text: Edward

text: III

text: She

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: Duke

text: 's

text: lover

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: before

text: their

text: marriage

text: The

text: couple

text: 's

text: children

text: born

text: before

text: the

text: marriage

text: were

text: later

text: legitimated

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Duke

text: 's

text: nephew

text: Richard

text: II

text: When

text: the

text: Duke

text: 's

text: son

text: from

text: his

text: first

text: marriage

text: overthrew

text: Richard

text: becoming

text: Henry

text: IV

text: he

text: introduced

text: provision

text: that

text: neither

text: they

text: nor

text: their

text: descendants

text: could

text: ever

text: claim

text: the

text: throne

text: of

text: England

text: The Duke of Lancaster is an ancient title which is currently held by Elizabeth II, who is also the Monarch of the United Kingdom. The Duchy of Lancaster exists as a separate entity from the Crown Estate and currently provides income for the British monarch.

text: The

text: Duke

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: is

text: an

text: ancient

text: title

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: held

text: by

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: who

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: Monarch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: exists

text: as

text: separate

text: entity

text: from

text: the

text: Crown

text: Estate

text: and

text: currently

text: provides

text: income

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: monarch

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Philippa of Hainault (24 June 1314  15 August 1369) was Queen of England as the wife of King Edward III. Edward, Duke of Guyenne, her future husband, promised in 1326 to marry her within the following two years. She was married to Edward, first by proxy, when Edward dispatched the Bishop of Coventry "to marry her in his name" in Valenciennes (second city in importance of the county of Hainaut) in October 1327. The marriage was celebrated formally in York Minster on 24 January 1328, some months after Edward's accession to the throne of England. In August 1328, he also fixed his wife's dower.

text: Philippa

text: of

text: Hainault

text: June

text: August

text: was

text: Queen

text: of

text: England

text: as

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: King

text: Edward

text: III

text: Edward

text: Duke

text: of

text: Guyenne

text: her

text: future

text: husband

text: promised

text: in

text: to

text: marry

text: her

text: within

text: the

text: following

text: two

text: years

text: She

text: was

text: married

text: to

text: Edward

text: first

text: by

text: proxy

text: when

text: Edward

text: dispatched

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Coventry

text: to

text: marry

text: her

text: in

text: his

text: name

text: in

text: Valenciennes

text: second

text: city

text: in

text: importance

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Hainaut

text: in

text: October

text: The

text: marriage

text: was

text: celebrated

text: formally

text: in

text: York

text: Minster

text: on

text: January

text: some

text: months

text: after

text: Edward

text: 's

text: accession

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: of

text: England

text: In

text: August

text: he

text: also

text: fixed

text: his

text: wife

text: 's

text: dower

text: The Duchy of Lancaster is, since 1399, the private estate of the British sovereign as Duke of Lancaster. The principal purpose of the estate is to provide a source of independent income to the Sovereign. The estate consists of a portfolio of lands, properties, and assets held in trust for the Sovereign, and is administered separately from the Crown Estate. The duchy consists of of land holdings (including rural estates and farmland), urban developments, historic buildings, and some commercial properties across England and Wales, particularly in Cheshire, Staffordshire, Derbyshire, Lincolnshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire and the Savoy Estate in London. The Duchy of Lancaster is one of two royal duchies: the other is the Duchy of Cornwall, which provides income to the Prince of Wales.

text: The

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: is

text: since

text: the

text: private

text: estate

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: sovereign

text: as

text: Duke

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: The

text: principal

text: purpose

text: of

text: the

text: estate

text: is

text: to

text: provide

text: source

text: of

text: independent

text: income

text: to

text: the

text: Sovereign

text: The

text: estate

text: consists

text: of

text: portfolio

text: of

text: lands

text: properties

text: and

text: assets

text: held

text: in

text: trust

text: for

text: the

text: Sovereign

text: and

text: is

text: administered

text: separately

text: from

text: the

text: Crown

text: Estate

text: The

text: duchy

text: consists

text: of

text: of

text: land

text: holdings

text: including

text: rural

text: estates

text: and

text: farmland

text: urban

text: developments

text: historic

text: buildings

text: and

text: some

text: commercial

text: properties

text: across

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: particularly

text: in

text: Cheshire

text: Staffordshire

text: Derbyshire

text: Lincolnshire

text: Yorkshire

text: Lancashire

text: and

text: the

text: Savoy

text: Estate

text: in

text: London

text: The

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: royal

text: duchies

text: the

text: other

text: is

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Cornwall

text: which

text: provides

text: income

text: to

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Wales

text: The House of Plantagenet was a royal house which originated from the lands of Anjou in France. The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses  the Angevins who were also Counts of Anjou, the main body of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou, and the houses of Lancaster and York, the Plantagenets' two cadet branches. The family held the English throne from 1154, with the accession of Henry II, until 1485, when Richard III died.

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Plantagenet

text: was

text: royal

text: house

text: which

text: originated

text: from

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: Anjou

text: in

text: France

text: The

text: name

text: Plantagenet

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: modern

text: historians

text: to

text: identify

text: four

text: distinct

text: royal

text: houses

text: the

text: Angevins

text: who

text: were

text: also

text: Counts

text: of

text: Anjou

text: the

text: main

text: body

text: of

text: the

text: Plantagenets

text: following

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: Anjou

text: and

text: the

text: houses

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: and

text: York

text: the

text: Plantagenets

text: two

text: cadet

text: branches

text: The

text: family

text: held

text: the

text: English

text: throne

text: from

text: with

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: Henry

text: II

text: until

text: when

text: Richard

text: III

text: died

text: The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th centurywhen it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdomsuntil 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: was

text: sovereign

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: from

text: the

text: centurywhen

text: it

text: emerged

text: from

text: various

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdomsuntil

text: when

text: it

text: united

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole, making it the "Sovereign's public estate", which is neither government property nor part of the monarch's private estate. As a result of this arrangement, the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate, exercising only very limited control of its affairs. Instead, the estate's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent, incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners, who exercise "the powers of ownership" of the estate, although they are not "owners in their own right". The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation. The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign, a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons.

text: The

text: Crown

text: Estate

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: lands

text: and

text: holdings

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: monarch

text: as

text: corporation

text: sole

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: Sovereign

text: 's

text: public

text: estate

text: which

text: is

text: neither

text: government

text: property

text: nor

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: 's

text: private

text: estate

text: As

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: arrangement

text: the

text: sovereign

text: is

text: not

text: involved

text: with

text: the

text: management

text: or

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: estate

text: exercising

text: only

text: very

text: limited

text: control

text: of

text: its

text: affairs

text: Instead

text: the

text: estate

text: 's

text: extensive

text: portfolio

text: is

text: overseen

text: by

text: semi

text: independent

text: incorporated

text: public

text: body

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Crown

text: Estate

text: Commissioners

text: who

text: exercise

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: ownership

text: of

text: the

text: estate

text: although

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: owners

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: right

text: The

text: revenues

text: from

text: these

text: hereditary

text: possessions

text: have

text: been

text: placed

text: by

text: the

text: monarch

text: at

text: the

text: disposition

text: of

text: Her

text: Majesty

text: 's

text: Government

text: and

text: thus

text: proceed

text: directly

text: to

text: Her

text: Majesty

text: 's

text: Treasury

text: for

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: nation

text: The

text: Crown

text: Estate

text: is

text: formally

text: accountable

text: to

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: legally

text: mandated

text: to

text: make

text: an

text: annual

text: report

text: to

text: the

text: sovereign

text: copy

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: forwarded

text: to

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. She is Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of 12 countries that have become independent since her accession: Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: Elizabeth

text: Alexandra

text: Mary

text: born

text: April

text: has

text: been

text: Queen

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: since

text: February

text: She

text: is

text: Head

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: Queen

text: of

text: countries

text: that

text: have

text: become

text: independent

text: since

text: her

text: accession

text: Jamaica

text: Barbados

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: Grenada

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: Tuvalu

text: Saint

text: Lucia

text: Saint

text: Vincent

text: and

text: the

text: Grenadines

text: Belize

text: Antigua

text: and

text: Barbuda

text: and

text: Saint

text: Kitts

text: and

text: Nevis

annotations: likely multiple

question: country_of_citizenship thomas beaufort

answer: kingdom of england

text: kingdom of england

text: kingdom of england

text: kingdom of england


text: Donald M. Brown is a computer programmer and the creator of Eamon , a long - running non-commercial RPG computer game series for the Apple II computer first released in 1980 .

text: Donald

text: Brown

text: is

text: computer

text: programmer

text: and

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: Eamon

text: long

text: running

text: non

text: commercial

text: RPG

text: computer

text: game

text: series

text: for

text: the

text: Apple

text: II

text: computer

text: first

text: released

text: in

text: The Apple IIe (styled as Apple //e) is the third model in the Apple II series of personal computers produced by Apple Computer. The "e" in the name stands for "enhanced", referring to the fact that several popular features were now built-in that were available only as upgrades or add-ons in earlier models. It also improved upon expandability and added a few new features, which, all combined, made it very attractive to first-time computer shoppers as a general-purpose machine. The Apple IIe has the distinction of being the longest-lived computer in Apple's history, having been manufactured and sold for nearly 11 years with relatively few changes.

text: The

text: Apple

text: IIe

text: styled

text: as

text: Apple

text: //e

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: model

text: in

text: the

text: Apple

text: II

text: series

text: of

text: personal

text: computers

text: produced

text: by

text: Apple

text: Computer

text: The

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: stands

text: for

text: enhanced

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: several

text: popular

text: features

text: were

text: now

text: built

text: in

text: that

text: were

text: available

text: only

text: as

text: upgrades

text: or

text: add

text: ons

text: in

text: earlier

text: models

text: It

text: also

text: improved

text: upon

text: expandability

text: and

text: added

text: few

text: new

text: features

text: which

text: all

text: combined

text: made

text: it

text: very

text: attractive

text: to

text: first

text: time

text: computer

text: shoppers

text: as

text: general

text: purpose

text: machine

text: The

text: Apple

text: IIe

text: has

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: being

text: the

text: longest

text: lived

text: computer

text: in

text: Apple

text: 's

text: history

text: having

text: been

text: manufactured

text: and

text: sold

text: for

text: nearly

text: years

text: with

text: relatively

text: few

text: changes

text: Stephen (or Stephan) Gary "Steve" Wozniak (born August 11, 1950), nicknamed "Woz", is an American inventor, electronics engineer, programmer, and technology entrepreneur who co-founded Apple Inc. He is known as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, along with Apple co-founder Steve Jobs.

text: Stephen

text: or

text: Stephan

text: Gary

text: Steve

text: Wozniak

text: born

text: August

text: nicknamed

text: Woz

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: inventor

text: electronics

text: engineer

text: programmer

text: and

text: technology

text: entrepreneur

text: who

text: co

text: founded

text: Apple

text: Inc.

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: pioneer

text: of

text: the

text: personal

text: computer

text: revolution

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: along

text: with

text: Apple

text: co

text: founder

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). It includes a microprocessor, memory, and minimal input/output (I/O) circuitry mounted on a single printed circuit board. Microcomputers became popular in the 1970s and 1980s with the advent of increasingly powerful microprocessors. The predecessors to these computers, mainframes and minicomputers, were comparatively much larger and more expensive (though indeed present-day mainframes such as the IBM System z machines use one or more custom microprocessors as their CPUs). Many microcomputers (when equipped with a keyboard and screen for input and output) are also personal computers (in the generic sense).

text: microcomputer

text: is

text: small

text: relatively

text: inexpensive

text: computer

text: with

text: microprocessor

text: as

text: its

text: central

text: processing

text: unit

text: CPU

text: It

text: includes

text: microprocessor

text: memory

text: and

text: minimal

text: input

text: output

text: circuitry

text: mounted

text: on

text: single

text: printed

text: circuit

text: board

text: Microcomputers

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: increasingly

text: powerful

text: microprocessors

text: The

text: predecessors

text: to

text: these

text: computers

text: mainframes

text: and

text: minicomputers

text: were

text: comparatively

text: much

text: larger

text: and

text: more

text: expensive

text: though

text: indeed

text: present

text: day

text: mainframes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: IBM

text: System

text: machines

text: use

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: custom

text: microprocessors

text: as

text: their

text: CPUs

text: Many

text: microcomputers

text: when

text: equipped

text: with

text: keyboard

text: and

text: screen

text: for

text: input

text: and

text: output

text: are

text: also

text: personal

text: computers

text: in

text: the

text: generic

text: sense

text:
The West Coast Computer Faire was an annual computer industry conference and exposition most often associated with San Francisco, its first and most frequent venue. The first fair was held in 1977 and was organized by Jim Warren and Bob Reiling. At the time, it was the biggest computer show in the world, intended to popularize the personal computer in the home. The West Coast PC Faire was formed to provide a more specialized show. However, Apple stopped exhibiting at the West Coast Computer Faire, refusing to exhibit at any show other than COMDEX that also had PC-based exhibits.
In 1983, Warren sold the rights to the Faire for US$3 million to Prentice Hall, who later sold it to Sheldon Adelson, the owner of Interface Group and COMDEX. In total, sixteen shows were held, with the last in 1991. After Warren sold the show, it had a few more good years, and then declined rapidly.

text: The

text: West

text: Coast

text: Computer

text: Faire

text: was

text: an

text: annual

text: computer

text: industry

text: conference

text: and

text: exposition

text: most

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: San

text: Francisco

text: its

text: first

text: and

text: most

text: frequent

text: venue

text: The

text: first

text: fair

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: organized

text: by

text: Jim

text: Warren

text: and

text: Bob

text: Reiling

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: biggest

text: computer

text: show

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: intended

text: to

text: popularize

text: the

text: personal

text: computer

text: in

text: the

text: home

text: The

text: West

text: Coast

text: PC

text: Faire

text: was

text: formed

text: to

text: provide

text: more

text: specialized

text: show

text: However

text: Apple

text: stopped

text: exhibiting

text: at

text: the

text: West

text: Coast

text: Computer

text: Faire

text: refusing

text: to

text: exhibit

text: at

text: any

text: show

text: other

text: than

text: COMDEX

text: that

text: also

text: had

text: PC

text: based

text: exhibits

text: In

text: Warren

text: sold

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: the

text: Faire

text: for

text: US$

text: million

text: to

text: Prentice

text: Hall

text: who

text: later

text: sold

text: it

text: to

text: Sheldon

text: Adelson

text: the

text: owner

text: of

text: Interface

text: Group

text: and

text: COMDEX

text: In

text: total

text: sixteen

text: shows

text: were

text: held

text: with

text: the

text: last

text: in

text: After

text: Warren

text: sold

text: the

text: show

text: it

text: had

text: few

text: more

text: good

text: years

text: and

text: then

text: declined

text: rapidly

text: The Apple II is an 8-bit home computer, one of the first highly successful mass-produced microcomputer products, designed primarily by Steve Wozniak (Steve Jobs oversaw the development of the Apple II's foam-molded plastic case and Rod Holt developed the switching power supply). It was introduced in 1977 at the West Coast Computer Faire by Jobs and was the first consumer product sold by Apple Computer. It is the first model in a series of computers which were produced until Apple IIe production ceased in November 1993. The Apple II marks Apple's first launch of a personal computer aimed at a consumer market  branded towards American households rather than businessmen or computer hobbyists.

text: The

text: Apple

text: II

text: is

text: an

text: home

text: computer

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: highly

text: successful

text: mass

text: produced

text: microcomputer

text: products

text: designed

text: primarily

text: by

text: Steve

text: Wozniak

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: oversaw

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Apple

text: II

text: 's

text: foam

text: molded

text: plastic

text: case

text: and

text: Rod

text: Holt

text: developed

text: the

text: switching

text: power

text: supply

text: It

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: West

text: Coast

text: Computer

text: Faire

text: by

text: Jobs

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: consumer

text: product

text: sold

text: by

text: Apple

text: Computer

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: model

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: computers

text: which

text: were

text: produced

text: until

text: Apple

text: IIe

text: production

text: ceased

text: in

text: November

text: The

text: Apple

text: II

text: marks

text: Apple

text: 's

text: first

text: launch

text: of

text: personal

text: computer

text: aimed

text: at

text: consumer

text: market

text: branded

text: towards

text: American

text: households

text: rather

text: than

text: businessmen

text: or

text: computer

text: hobbyists

text: Apple Computer 1, also known later as the Apple I, or Apple-1, is a desktop computer released by the Apple Computer Company (now Apple Inc.) in 1976. It was designed and hand-built by Steve Wozniak. Wozniak's friend Steve Jobs had the idea of selling the computer. The Apple I was Apple's first product, and to finance its creation, Jobs sold his only motorized means of transportation, a VW Microbus, for a few hundred dollars, and Wozniak sold his HP-65 calculator for $500; however, Wozniak said that Jobs planned to use his bicycle if necessary. It was demonstrated in July 1976 at the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto, California.

text: Apple

text: Computer

text: also

text: known

text: later

text: as

text: the

text: Apple

text: or

text: is

text: desktop

text: computer

text: released

text: by

text: the

text: Apple

text: Computer

text: Company

text: now

text: Apple

text: Inc.

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: designed

text: and

text: hand

text: built

text: by

text: Steve

text: Wozniak

text: Wozniak

text: 's

text: friend

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: had

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: selling

text: the

text: computer

text: The

text: Apple

text: was

text: Apple

text: 's

text: first

text: product

text: and

text: to

text: finance

text: its

text: creation

text: Jobs

text: sold

text: his

text: only

text: motorized

text: means

text: of

text: transportation

text: VW

text: Microbus

text: for

text: few

text: hundred

text: dollars

text: and

text: Wozniak

text: sold

text: his

text: calculator

text: for

text: however

text: Wozniak

text: said

text: that

text: Jobs

text: planned

text: to

text: use

text: his

text: bicycle

text: if

text: necessary

text: It

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: July

text: at

text: the

text: Homebrew

text: Computer

text: Club

text: in

text: Palo

text: Alto

text: California

text: Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s. They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user. These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering-oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC, and were generally less powerful in terms of memory and expandability. However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporaneous business computers. Their most common uses were playing video games, but they were also regularly used for word processing, doing homework, and programming.

text: Home

text: computers

text: were

text: class

text: of

text: microcomputers

text: entering

text: the

text: market

text: in

text: and

text: becoming

text: common

text: during

text: the

text: They

text: were

text: marketed

text: to

text: consumers

text: as

text: affordable

text: and

text: accessible

text: computers

text: that

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: were

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: single

text: nontechnical

text: user

text: These

text: computers

text: were

text: distinct

text: market

text: segment

text: that

text: typically

text: cost

text: much

text: less

text: than

text: business

text: scientific

text: or

text: engineering

text: oriented

text: computers

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: IBM

text: PC

text: and

text: were

text: generally

text: less

text: powerful

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: memory

text: and

text: expandability

text: However

text: home

text: computer

text: often

text: had

text: better

text: graphics

text: and

text: sound

text: than

text: contemporaneous

text: business

text: computers

text: Their

text: most

text: common

text: uses

text: were

text: playing

text: video

text: games

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: also

text: regularly

text: used

text: for

text: word

text: processing

text: doing

text: homework

text: and

text: programming

text: Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (February 24, 1955  October 5, 2011) was an American businessman, inventor, and industrial designer. He was the co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer (CEO) of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT. Jobs is widely recognized as a pioneer of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak.

text: Steven

text: Paul

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: February

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: businessman

text: inventor

text: and

text: industrial

text: designer

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: co

text: founder

text: chairman

text: and

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: CEO

text: of

text: Apple

text: Inc.

text: CEO

text: and

text: majority

text: shareholder

text: of

text: Pixar

text: member

text: of

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: 's

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: following

text: its

text: acquisition

text: of

text: Pixar

text: and

text: founder

text: chairman

text: and

text: CEO

text: of

text: NeXT

text: Jobs

text: is

text: widely

text: recognized

text: as

text: pioneer

text: of

text: the

text: microcomputer

text: revolution

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: along

text: with

text: Apple

text: co

text: founder

text: Steve

text: Wozniak

text: The IBM System/360 introduced byte-addressable memory with 8-bit bytes, as opposed to bit-addressable or decimal digit-addressable or word-addressable memory, although its general purpose registers were 32 bits wide, and addresses were contained in the lower 24 bits of those addresses. Different models of System/360 had different internal data path widths; the IBM System/360 Model 30 (1965) implemented the 32-bit System/360 architecture, but had an 8 bit native path width, and performed 32-bit arithmetic 8 bits at a time.

text: The

text: IBM

text: introduced

text: byte

text: addressable

text: memory

text: with

text: bytes

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: bit

text: addressable

text: or

text: decimal

text: digit

text: addressable

text: or

text: word

text: addressable

text: memory

text: although

text: its

text: general

text: purpose

text: registers

text: were

text: bits

text: wide

text: and

text: addresses

text: were

text: contained

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: bits

text: of

text: those

text: addresses

text: Different

text: models

text: of

text: had

text: different

text: internal

text: data

text: path

text: widths

text: the

text: IBM

text: Model

text: implemented

text: the

text: architecture

text: but

text: had

text: an

text: bit

text: native

text: path

text: width

text: and

text: performed

text: arithmetic

text: bits

text: at

text: time

annotations: follows single

question: occupation donald brown

answer: engineer

text: engineer


text: Apollo (Attic, Ionic, and Homeric Greek: , "Apolln"; Doric: , "Apelln"; Arcadocypriot: , "Apeiln"; Aeolic: , "Aploun") is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. The ideal of the "kouros" (a beardless, athletic youth), Apollo has been variously recognized as a god of music, truth and prophecy, healing, the sun and light, plague, poetry, and more. Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto, and has a twin sister, the chaste huntress Artemis. Apollo is known in Greek-influenced Etruscan mythology as "Apulu".

text: Apollo

text: Attic

text: Ionic

text: and

text: Homeric

text: Greek

text: Apolln

text: Doric

text: Apelln

text: Arcadocypriot

text: Apeiln

text: Aeolic

text: Aploun

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: and

text: complex

text: of

text: the

text: Olympian

text: deities

text: in

text: classical

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: religion

text: and

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: mythology

text: The

text: ideal

text: of

text: the

text: kouros

text: beardless

text: athletic

text: youth

text: Apollo

text: has

text: been

text: variously

text: recognized

text: as

text: god

text: of

text: music

text: truth

text: and

text: prophecy

text: healing

text: the

text: sun

text: and

text: light

text: plague

text: poetry

text: and

text: more

text: Apollo

text: is

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Zeus

text: and

text: Leto

text: and

text: has

text: twin

text: sister

text: the

text: chaste

text: huntress

text: Artemis

text: Apollo

text: is

text: known

text: in

text: Greek

text: influenced

text: Etruscan

text: mythology

text: as

text: Apulu

text: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

text: The

text: National

text: Aeronautics

text: and

text: Space

text: Administration

text: NASA

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: agency

text: of

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: federal

text: government

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: civilian

text: space

text: program

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: aeronautics

text: and

text: aerospace

text: research

text: Charles Moss "Charlie" Duke Jr. (born October 3, 1935), (Brig Gen, USAF, Ret.), is an American engineer, retired U.S. Air Force officer, test pilot, and a former astronaut for NASA. As Lunar Module Pilot for Apollo 16 in 1972, he became the tenth and youngest person to walk on the Moon.

text: Charles

text: Moss

text: Charlie

text: Duke

text: Jr.

text: born

text: October

text: Brig

text: Gen

text: USAF

text: Ret

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: engineer

text: retired

text: U.S.

text: Air

text: Force

text: officer

text: test

text: pilot

text: and

text: former

text: astronaut

text: for

text: NASA

text: As

text: Lunar

text: Module

text: Pilot

text: for

text: Apollo

text: in

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: tenth

text: and

text: youngest

text: person

text: to

text: walk

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: The University of Texas System (UT System) encompasses 14 educational institutions in the U.S. state of Texas, of which eight are academic universities and six are health institutions. The UT System is headquartered in Austin, and has a total enrollment of over 216,000 students (largest university system in Texas) and employs more than 87,000 faculty and staff. The UT System's $36 billion endowment (as of May 31, 2016) is the largest of any public university system in the United States.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Texas

text: System

text: UT

text: System

text: encompasses

text: educational

text: institutions

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Texas

text: of

text: which

text: eight

text: are

text: academic

text: universities

text: and

text: six

text: are

text: health

text: institutions

text: The

text: UT

text: System

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Austin

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: enrollment

text: of

text: over

text: students

text: largest

text: university

text: system

text: in

text: Texas

text: and

text: employs

text: more

text: than

text: faculty

text: and

text: staff

text: The

text: UT

text: System

text: 's

text: billion

text: endowment

text: as

text: of

text: May

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: any

text: public

text: university

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Apollo 15 was the ninth manned mission in the United States' Apollo program, the fourth to land on the Moon, and the eighth successful manned mission. It was the first of what were termed "J missions", long stays on the Moon, with a greater focus on science than had been possible on previous missions. It was also the first mission on which the Lunar Roving Vehicle was used.

text: Apollo

text: was

text: the

text: ninth

text: manned

text: mission

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Apollo

text: program

text: the

text: fourth

text: to

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: and

text: the

text: eighth

text: successful

text: manned

text: mission

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: what

text: were

text: termed

text: missions

text: long

text: stays

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: with

text: greater

text: focus

text: on

text: science

text: than

text: had

text: been

text: possible

text: on

text: previous

text: missions

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: mission

text: on

text: which

text: the

text: Lunar

text: Roving

text: Vehicle

text: was

text: used

text: Harrison Hagan "Jack" Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is an American geologist, retired NASA astronaut, university professor, former U.S. senator from New Mexico, and the most recent living person to have walked on the Moon. He is also the last living crew member of Apollo 17.

text: Harrison

text: Hagan

text: Jack

text: Schmitt

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: geologist

text: retired

text: NASA

text: astronaut

text: university

text: professor

text: former

text: U.S.

text: senator

text: from

text: New

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: recent

text: living

text: person

text: to

text: have

text: walked

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: last

text: living

text: crew

text: member

text: of

text: Apollo

text: A research university is a university that expects all its tenured and tenure-track faculty to continuously engage in research, as opposed to merely requiring it as a condition of an initial appointment or tenure. Such universities can be recognized by their strong focus on innovative research and the prestige of their brand names. On the one hand, research universities strive to recruit faculty who are the most brilliant minds in their disciplines in the world, and their students enjoy the opportunity to learn from such experts. On the other hand, new students are often disappointed to realize their undergraduate courses at research universities are overly academic and fail to provide vocational training with immediate "real world" applications; but many employers value degrees from research universities because they know that such coursework develops fundamental skills like critical thinking.

text: research

text: university

text: is

text: university

text: that

text: expects

text: all

text: its

text: tenured

text: and

text: tenure

text: track

text: faculty

text: to

text: continuously

text: engage

text: in

text: research

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: merely

text: requiring

text: it

text: as

text: condition

text: of

text: an

text: initial

text: appointment

text: or

text: tenure

text: Such

text: universities

text: can

text: be

text: recognized

text: by

text: their

text: strong

text: focus

text: on

text: innovative

text: research

text: and

text: the

text: prestige

text: of

text: their

text: brand

text: names

text: On

text: the

text: one

text: hand

text: research

text: universities

text: strive

text: to

text: recruit

text: faculty

text: who

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: brilliant

text: minds

text: in

text: their

text: disciplines

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: their

text: students

text: enjoy

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: learn

text: from

text: such

text: experts

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: new

text: students

text: are

text: often

text: disappointed

text: to

text: realize

text: their

text: undergraduate

text: courses

text: at

text: research

text: universities

text: are

text: overly

text: academic

text: and

text: fail

text: to

text: provide

text: vocational

text: training

text: with

text: immediate

text: real

text: world

text: applications

text: but

text: many

text: employers

text: value

text: degrees

text: from

text: research

text: universities

text: because

text: they

text: know

text: that

text: such

text: coursework

text: develops

text: fundamental

text: skills

text: like

text: critical

text: thinking

text: Texas Instruments Inc. (TI) is an American technology company that designs and manufactures semiconductors, which it sells to electronics designers and manufacturers globally. Headquartered in Dallas, Texas, United States, TI is one of the top ten semiconductor companies worldwide, based on sales volume. Texas Instruments's focus is on developing analog chips and embedded processors, which accounts for more than 85% of their revenue. TI also produces TI digital light processing (DLP) technology and education technology products including calculators, microcontrollers and multi-core processors. To date, TI has more than 43,000 patents worldwide.

text: Texas

text: Instruments

text: Inc.

text: TI

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: technology

text: company

text: that

text: designs

text: and

text: manufactures

text: semiconductors

text: which

text: it

text: sells

text: to

text: electronics

text: designers

text: and

text: manufacturers

text: globally

text: Headquartered

text: in

text: Dallas

text: Texas

text: United

text: States

text: TI

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: ten

text: semiconductor

text: companies

text: worldwide

text: based

text: on

text: sales

text: volume

text: Texas

text: Instruments

text: 's

text: focus

text: is

text: on

text: developing

text: analog

text: chips

text: and

text: embedded

text: processors

text: which

text: accounts

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: their

text: revenue

text: TI

text: also

text: produces

text: TI

text: digital

text: light

text: processing

text: DLP

text: technology

text: and

text: education

text: technology

text: products

text: including

text: calculators

text: microcontrollers

text: and

text: multi

text: core

text: processors

text: To

text: date

text: TI

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: patents

text: worldwide

text: Thomas Kenneth Mattingly II (born March 17, 1936), (RADM, USN, Ret.), better known as Ken Mattingly, is a former American naval officer and aviator, aeronautical engineer, test pilot, Rear Admiral in the United States Navy and astronaut who flew on the Apollo 16, STS-4 and STS-51-C missions. He had been scheduled to fly on Apollo 13, but was held back due to concerns about a potential illness (which he did not contract). He later flew as Command Module Pilot for Apollo 16, making him one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon.

text: Thomas

text: Kenneth

text: Mattingly

text: II

text: born

text: March

text: RADM

text: USN

text: Ret

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Ken

text: Mattingly

text: is

text: former

text: American

text: naval

text: officer

text: and

text: aviator

text: aeronautical

text: engineer

text: test

text: pilot

text: Rear

text: Admiral

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Navy

text: and

text: astronaut

text: who

text: flew

text: on

text: the

text: Apollo

text: and

text: missions

text: He

text: had

text: been

text: scheduled

text: to

text: fly

text: on

text: Apollo

text: but

text: was

text: held

text: back

text: due

text: to

text: concerns

text: about

text: potential

text: illness

text: which

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: contract

text: He

text: later

text: flew

text: as

text: Command

text: Module

text: Pilot

text: for

text: Apollo

text: making

text: him

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: people

text: to

text: have

text: flown

text: to

text: the

text: Moon

text: Apollo 17 was the final mission of NASA's Apollo program, the enterprise that landed the first humans on the Moon. Launched at 12:33 a.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST) on December 7, 1972, with a crew made up of Commander Eugene Cernan, Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans, and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt, it was the last use of Apollo hardware for its original purpose; after Apollo 17, extra Apollo spacecraft were used in the Skylab and ApolloSoyuz programs.

text: Apollo

text: was

text: the

text: final

text: mission

text: of

text: NASA

text: 's

text: Apollo

text: program

text: the

text: enterprise

text: that

text: landed

text: the

text: first

text: humans

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: Launched

text: at

text: a.m.

text: Eastern

text: Standard

text: Time

text: EST

text: on

text: December

text: with

text: crew

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: Commander

text: Eugene

text: Cernan

text: Command

text: Module

text: Pilot

text: Ronald

text: Evans

text: and

text: Lunar

text: Module

text: Pilot

text: Harrison

text: Schmitt

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: use

text: of

text: Apollo

text: hardware

text: for

text: its

text: original

text: purpose

text: after

text: Apollo

text: extra

text: Apollo

text: spacecraft

text: were

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: Skylab

text: and

text: ApolloSoyuz

text: programs

text: The Pioneer program is a series of United States unmanned space missions that were designed for planetary exploration. There were a number of such missions in the program, but the most notable were Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11, which explored the outer planets and left the solar system. Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 carry a golden plaque, depicting a man and a woman and information about the origin and the creators of the probes, should any extraterrestrials find them someday.

text: The

text: Pioneer

text: program

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: United

text: States

text: unmanned

text: space

text: missions

text: that

text: were

text: designed

text: for

text: planetary

text: exploration

text: There

text: were

text: number

text: of

text: such

text: missions

text: in

text: the

text: program

text: but

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: were

text: Pioneer

text: and

text: Pioneer

text: which

text: explored

text: the

text: outer

text: planets

text: and

text: left

text: the

text: solar

text: system

text: Pioneer

text: and

text: Pioneer

text: carry

text: golden

text: plaque

text: depicting

text: man

text: and

text: woman

text: and

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: origin

text: and

text: the

text: creators

text: of

text: the

text: probes

text: should

text: any

text: extraterrestrials

text: find

text: them

text: someday

text: Ames Research Center (ARC), commonly known as NASA Ames, is a major NASA research center at Moffett Federal Airfield in California's Silicon Valley. It was founded as the second National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) laboratory. That agency was dissolved and its assets and personnel transferred to the newly created National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on October 1, 1958. NASA Ames is named in honor of Joseph Sweetman Ames, a physicist and one of the founding members of NACA. At last estimate NASA Ames has over US$3.0 billion in capital equipment, 2,300 research personnel and a US$860 million annual budget.

text: Ames

text: Research

text: Center

text: ARC

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: NASA

text: Ames

text: is

text: major

text: NASA

text: research

text: center

text: at

text: Moffett

text: Federal

text: Airfield

text: in

text: California

text: 's

text: Silicon

text: Valley

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: National

text: Advisory

text: Committee

text: for

text: Aeronautics

text: NACA

text: laboratory

text: That

text: agency

text: was

text: dissolved

text: and

text: its

text: assets

text: and

text: personnel

text: transferred

text: to

text: the

text: newly

text: created

text: National

text: Aeronautics

text: and

text: Space

text: Administration

text: NASA

text: on

text: October

text: NASA

text: Ames

text: is

text: named

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: Joseph

text: Sweetman

text: Ames

text: physicist

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founding

text: members

text: of

text: NACA

text: At

text: last

text: estimate

text: NASA

text: Ames

text: has

text: over

text: US$

text: billion

text: in

text: capital

text: equipment

text: research

text: personnel

text: and

text: US$

text: million

text: annual

text: budget

text: Eugene Andrew "Gene" Cernan (March 14, 1934  January 16, 2017), (Captain, USN), was an American astronaut, naval aviator, electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, and fighter pilot.

text: Eugene

text: Andrew

text: Gene

text: Cernan

text: March

text: January

text: Captain

text: USN

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: astronaut

text: naval

text: aviator

text: electrical

text: engineer

text: aeronautical

text: engineer

text: and

text: fighter

text: pilot

text: John Hoffman is a space scientist who developed instruments for Apollo 15 , Apollo 16 , Apollo 17 , the Pioneer Venus project , and Giotto mission . He also designed the mass spectrometer for the Phoenix Mars Lander mission in May 2008 . He is currently a professor of physics at the University of Texas at Dallas .

text: John

text: Hoffman

text: is

text: space

text: scientist

text: who

text: developed

text: instruments

text: for

text: Apollo

text: Apollo

text: Apollo

text: the

text: Pioneer

text: Venus

text: project

text: and

text: Giotto

text: mission

text: He

text: also

text: designed

text: the

text: mass

text: spectrometer

text: for

text: the

text: Phoenix

text: Mars

text: Lander

text: mission

text: in

text: May

text: He

text: is

text: currently

text: professor

text: of

text: physics

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Texas

text: at

text: Dallas

text: The Telecom Corridor is a technology business center in Richardson, Texas, a northern suburb of Dallas, which contains over 25 million square feet (2.3 million square meters) of office space and accounts for over 130,000 jobs. Located in the Dallas/Fort Worth area and home to the University of Texas at Dallas, the Corridor is a strip about long along U.S. Route 75 (US 75) (the North Central Expressway), between President George Bush Turnpike and Interstate 635 (I-635) and is often considered an area of the Silicon Prairie. More than 5,700 companies, including 600 technology companies are headquartered in the area, including significant players such as AT&T, Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, Verizon, Samsung, Texas Instruments, and MetroPCS. Some of these companies also have offices in Telecom Valley located in California. Although the Telecom Corridor was a booming area of Dallas's economy during the late 1990s, the dot-com bust of 2001 hit the region hard. However, it began recovering in 2004, and that recovery has since picked up momentum, gaining both the operations of many non-technology-related companies and a large number of previously non-existent residential units designed in the New Urbanist style. The name "Telecom Corridor" is a registered trademark and may technically only be used to describe the area mentioned in this article.

text: The

text: Telecom

text: Corridor

text: is

text: technology

text: business

text: center

text: in

text: Richardson

text: Texas

text: northern

text: suburb

text: of

text: Dallas

text: which

text: contains

text: over

text: million

text: square

text: feet

text: million

text: square

text: meters

text: of

text: office

text: space

text: and

text: accounts

text: for

text: over

text: jobs

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Dallas

text: Fort

text: Worth

text: area

text: and

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Texas

text: at

text: Dallas

text: the

text: Corridor

text: is

text: strip

text: about

text: long

text: along

text: U.S.

text: Route

text: US

text: the

text: North

text: Central

text: Expressway

text: between

text: President

text: George

text: Bush

text: Turnpike

text: and

text: Interstate

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Silicon

text: Prairie

text: More

text: than

text: companies

text: including

text: technology

text: companies

text: are

text: headquartered

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: including

text: significant

text: players

text: such

text: as

text: AT&T

text: Alcatel

text: Lucent

text: Ericsson

text: Verizon

text: Samsung

text: Texas

text: Instruments

text: and

text: MetroPCS

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: companies

text: also

text: have

text: offices

text: in

text: Telecom

text: Valley

text: located

text: in

text: California

text: Although

text: the

text: Telecom

text: Corridor

text: was

text: booming

text: area

text: of

text: Dallas

text: 's

text: economy

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: the

text: dot

text: com

text: bust

text: of

text: hit

text: the

text: region

text: hard

text: However

text: it

text: began

text: recovering

text: in

text: and

text: that

text: recovery

text: has

text: since

text: picked

text: up

text: momentum

text: gaining

text: both

text: the

text: operations

text: of

text: many

text: non

text: technology

text: related

text: companies

text: and

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: previously

text: non

text: existent

text: residential

text: units

text: designed

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Urbanist

text: style

text: The

text: name

text: Telecom

text: Corridor

text: is

text: registered

text: trademark

text: and

text: may

text: technically

text: only

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: area

text: mentioned

text: in

text: this

text: article

text: The University of Texas at Dallas (UT Dallas or UTD) is a public research university in the University of Texas System. The main campus is in the Richardson, Texas, Telecom Corridor, north of downtown Dallas. The institution, established in 1961 as the Graduate Research Center of the Southwest and later renamed the Southwest Center for Advanced Studies (SCAS), began as a research arm of Texas Instruments. In 1969, the founders bequeathed SCAS to the state of Texas officially creating The University of Texas at Dallas.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Texas

text: at

text: Dallas

text: UT

text: Dallas

text: or

text: UTD

text: is

text: public

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Texas

text: System

text: The

text: main

text: campus

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Richardson

text: Texas

text: Telecom

text: Corridor

text: north

text: of

text: downtown

text: Dallas

text: The

text: institution

text: established

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Graduate

text: Research

text: Center

text: of

text: the

text: Southwest

text: and

text: later

text: renamed

text: the

text: Southwest

text: Center

text: for

text: Advanced

text: Studies

text: SCAS

text: began

text: as

text: research

text: arm

text: of

text: Texas

text: Instruments

text: In

text: the

text: founders

text: bequeathed

text: SCAS

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Texas

text: officially

text: creating

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Texas

text: at

text: Dallas

text: The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the third United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which accomplished landing the first humans on the Moon from 1969 to 1972. First conceived during Dwight D. Eisenhower's administration as a three-man spacecraft to follow the one-man Project Mercury which put the first Americans in space, Apollo was later dedicated to President John F. Kennedy's national goal of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth" by the end of the 1960s, which he proposed in an address to Congress on May 25, 1961.

text: The

text: Apollo

text: program

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Project

text: Apollo

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: United

text: States

text: human

text: spaceflight

text: program

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: Aeronautics

text: and

text: Space

text: Administration

text: NASA

text: which

text: accomplished

text: landing

text: the

text: first

text: humans

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: from

text: to

text: First

text: conceived

text: during

text: Dwight

text: Eisenhower

text: 's

text: administration

text: as

text: three

text: man

text: spacecraft

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: one

text: man

text: Project

text: Mercury

text: which

text: put

text: the

text: first

text: Americans

text: in

text: space

text: Apollo

text: was

text: later

text: dedicated

text: to

text: President

text: John

text: Kennedy

text: 's

text: national

text: goal

text: of

text: landing

text: man

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: and

text: returning

text: him

text: safely

text: to

text: the

text: Earth

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: which

text: he

text: proposed

text: in

text: an

text: address

text: to

text: Congress

text: on

text: May

text: Dallas is a major city in the state of Texas and is the largest urban center of the fourth most populous metropolitan area in the United States. The city proper ranks ninth in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio. The city's prominence arose from its historical importance as a center for the oil and cotton industries, and its position along numerous railroad lines. The bulk of the city is in Dallas County, of which it is the county seat; however, sections of the city are located in Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall counties. According to the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 1,197,816. The United States Census Bureau's estimate for the city's population increased to 1,300,092 as of July 1, 2015.

text: Dallas

text: is

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Texas

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: city

text: proper

text: ranks

text: ninth

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: third

text: in

text: Texas

text: after

text: Houston

text: and

text: San

text: Antonio

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: prominence

text: arose

text: from

text: its

text: historical

text: importance

text: as

text: center

text: for

text: the

text: oil

text: and

text: cotton

text: industries

text: and

text: its

text: position

text: along

text: numerous

text: railroad

text: lines

text: The

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: in

text: Dallas

text: County

text: of

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: however

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Collin

text: Denton

text: Kaufman

text: and

text: Rockwall

text: counties

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: 's

text: estimate

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: increased

text: to

text: as

text: of

text: July

text: The Pioneer Venus project was part of the Pioneer program consisting of two spacecraft, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, launched to Venus in 1978. The program was managed by NASA's Ames Research Center.

text: The

text: Pioneer

text: Venus

text: project

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pioneer

text: program

text: consisting

text: of

text: two

text: spacecraft

text: the

text: Pioneer

text: Venus

text: Orbiter

text: and

text: the

text: Pioneer

text: Venus

text: Multiprobe

text: launched

text: to

text: Venus

text: in

text: The

text: program

text: was

text: managed

text: by

text: NASA

text: 's

text: Ames

text: Research

text: Center

text: The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, also known as Pioneer Venus 2 or Pioneer 13 was a spacecraft launched in 1978 to explore Venus as part of NASA's Pioneer program.

text: The

text: Pioneer

text: Venus

text: Multiprobe

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Pioneer

text: Venus

text: or

text: Pioneer

text: was

text: spacecraft

text: launched

text: in

text: to

text: explore

text: Venus

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: NASA

text: 's

text: Pioneer

text: program

text: Skylab was the United States' first space station, orbiting Earth from 1973 to 1979, when it fell back to Earth amid huge worldwide media attention. Launched and operated by NASA, Skylab included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems necessary for crew survival and scientific experiments. It was launched unmanned by a modified Saturn V rocket, with a weight of . Lifting Skylab into low earth orbit was the final mission and launch of a Saturn V rocket (which was famous for carrying the manned Moon landing missions). Skylab was not simply a place of habitation; it was a place of massive science experiments for which when the bulk of data was returned, such as on films that had to be physically returned to Earth began the process of analyzing scientific and engineering data as each mission was completed. Skylab's solar observatory was one major aspect of study, and solar science was significantly advanced by the telescope; it observed the Sun as it never before. As Skylab finished up NASA's focus had shifted to development of the Space Shuttle, which had the promise of reducing the cost of space access compared to the previous launch systems

text: Skylab

text: was

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: first

text: space

text: station

text: orbiting

text: Earth

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: it

text: fell

text: back

text: to

text: Earth

text: amid

text: huge

text: worldwide

text: media

text: attention

text: Launched

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: NASA

text: Skylab

text: included

text: workshop

text: solar

text: observatory

text: and

text: other

text: systems

text: necessary

text: for

text: crew

text: survival

text: and

text: scientific

text: experiments

text: It

text: was

text: launched

text: unmanned

text: by

text: modified

text: Saturn

text: rocket

text: with

text: weight

text: of

text: Lifting

text: Skylab

text: into

text: low

text: earth

text: orbit

text: was

text: the

text: final

text: mission

text: and

text: launch

text: of

text: Saturn

text: rocket

text: which

text: was

text: famous

text: for

text: carrying

text: the

text: manned

text: Moon

text: landing

text: missions

text: Skylab

text: was

text: not

text: simply

text: place

text: of

text: habitation

text: it

text: was

text: place

text: of

text: massive

text: science

text: experiments

text: for

text: which

text: when

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: data

text: was

text: returned

text: such

text: as

text: on

text: films

text: that

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: physically

text: returned

text: to

text: Earth

text: began

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: analyzing

text: scientific

text: and

text: engineering

text: data

text: as

text: each

text: mission

text: was

text: completed

text: Skylab

text: 's

text: solar

text: observatory

text: was

text: one

text: major

text: aspect

text: of

text: study

text: and

text: solar

text: science

text: was

text: significantly

text: advanced

text: by

text: the

text: telescope

text: it

text: observed

text: the

text: Sun

text: as

text: it

text: never

text: before

text: As

text: Skylab

text: finished

text: up

text: NASA

text: 's

text: focus

text: had

text: shifted

text: to

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: which

text: had

text: the

text: promise

text: of

text: reducing

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: space

text: access

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: previous

text: launch

text: systems

text: The Pioneer Venus Orbiter, also known as Pioneer Venus 1 or Pioneer 12, was a mission to Venus conducted as part of the Pioneer Venus project. Launched in May 1978 atop an Atlas-Centaur rocket, the spacecraft was inserted into an elliptical orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978. It returned data on Venus until October 1992.

text: The

text: Pioneer

text: Venus

text: Orbiter

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Pioneer

text: Venus

text: or

text: Pioneer

text: was

text: mission

text: to

text: Venus

text: conducted

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pioneer

text: Venus

text: project

text: Launched

text: in

text: May

text: atop

text: an

text: Atlas

text: Centaur

text: rocket

text: the

text: spacecraft

text: was

text: inserted

text: into

text: an

text: elliptical

text: orbit

text: around

text: Venus

text: on

text: December

text: It

text: returned

text: data

text: on

text: Venus

text: until

text: October

text: Apollo 16 was the tenth manned mission in the United States Apollo space program, the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon and the first to land in the lunar highlands. The second of the so-called "J missions," it was crewed by Commander John Young, Lunar Module Pilot Charles Duke and Command Module Pilot Ken Mattingly. Launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida at 12:54 PM EST on April 16, 1972, the mission lasted 11 days, 1 hour, and 51 minutes, and concluded at 2:45 PM EST on April 27.

text: Apollo

text: was

text: the

text: tenth

text: manned

text: mission

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Apollo

text: space

text: program

text: the

text: fifth

text: and

text: penultimate

text: to

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: land

text: in

text: the

text: lunar

text: highlands

text: The

text: second

text: of

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: missions

text: it

text: was

text: crewed

text: by

text: Commander

text: John

text: Young

text: Lunar

text: Module

text: Pilot

text: Charles

text: Duke

text: and

text: Command

text: Module

text: Pilot

text: Ken

text: Mattingly

text: Launched

text: from

text: the

text: Kennedy

text: Space

text: Center

text: in

text: Florida

text: at

text: PM

text: EST

text: on

text: April

text: the

text: mission

text: lasted

text: days

text: hour

text: and

text: minutes

text: and

text: concluded

text: at

text: PM

text: EST

text: on

text: April

annotations: likely single

question: occupation john h. hoffman

answer: physicist

text: physicist