text:
Diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and irritable behaviour. This can progress to decreased urination, loss of skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe. Loose but non-watery stools in babies who are breastfed, however, may be normal.
The most common cause is an infection of the intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis. These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by stool, or directly from another person who is infected. It may be divided into three types: short duration watery diarrhea, short duration bloody diarrhea, and if it lasts for more than two weeks, persistent diarrhea. The short duration watery diarrhea may be due to an infection by cholera, although this is rare in the developed world. If blood is present it is also known as dysentery. A number of non-infectious causes may also result in diarrhea, including hyperthyroidism, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel disease, a number of medications, and irritable bowel syndrome. In most cases, stool cultures are not required to confirm the exact cause.
Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking water, and hand washing with soap. Breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended as is vaccination against rotavirus. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts of salts and sugar, is the treatment of choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million children in the past 25 years. When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed. If commercial ORS are not available, homemade solutions may be used. In those with severe dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases; however, can be managed well with fluids by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may help decrease the number of bowel movements but is not recommended in those with severe disease.
About 1.7 to 5 billion cases of diarrhea occur per year. It is most common in developing countries, where young children get diarrhea on average three times a year. Total deaths from diarrhea are estimated at 1.26 million in 2013  down from 2.58 million in 1990. In 2012, it was the second most common cause of deaths in children younger than five (0.76 million or 11%). Frequent episodes of diarrhea are also a common cause of malnutrition and the most common cause in those younger than five years of age. Other long term problems that can result include stunted growth and poor intellectual development.

text: Diarrhea

text: also

text: spelled

text: diarrhoea

text: is

text: the

text: condition

text: of

text: having

text: at

text: least

text: three

text: loose

text: or

text: liquid

text: bowel

text: movements

text: each

text: day

text: It

text: often

text: lasts

text: for

text: few

text: days

text: and

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: dehydration

text: due

text: to

text: fluid

text: loss

text: Signs

text: of

text: dehydration

text: often

text: begin

text: with

text: loss

text: of

text: the

text: normal

text: stretchiness

text: of

text: the

text: skin

text: and

text: irritable

text: behaviour

text: This

text: can

text: progress

text: to

text: decreased

text: urination

text: loss

text: of

text: skin

text: color

text: fast

text: heart

text: rate

text: and

text: decrease

text: in

text: responsiveness

text: as

text: it

text: becomes

text: more

text: severe

text: Loose

text: but

text: non

text: watery

text: stools

text: in

text: babies

text: who

text: are

text: breastfed

text: however

text: may

text: be

text: normal

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: is

text: an

text: infection

text: of

text: the

text: intestines

text: due

text: to

text: either

text: virus

text: bacteria

text: or

text: parasite

text: condition

text: known

text: as

text: gastroenteritis

text: These

text: infections

text: are

text: often

text: acquired

text: from

text: food

text: or

text: water

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: contaminated

text: by

text: stool

text: or

text: directly

text: from

text: another

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: infected

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: types

text: short

text: duration

text: watery

text: diarrhea

text: short

text: duration

text: bloody

text: diarrhea

text: and

text: if

text: it

text: lasts

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: weeks

text: persistent

text: diarrhea

text: The

text: short

text: duration

text: watery

text: diarrhea

text: may

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: infection

text: by

text: cholera

text: although

text: this

text: is

text: rare

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: If

text: blood

text: is

text: present

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: dysentery

text: number

text: of

text: non

text: infectious

text: causes

text: may

text: also

text: result

text: in

text: diarrhea

text: including

text: hyperthyroidism

text: lactose

text: intolerance

text: inflammatory

text: bowel

text: disease

text: number

text: of

text: medications

text: and

text: irritable

text: bowel

text: syndrome

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: stool

text: cultures

text: are

text: not

text: required

text: to

text: confirm

text: the

text: exact

text: cause

text: Prevention

text: of

text: infectious

text: diarrhea

text: is

text: by

text: improved

text: sanitation

text: clean

text: drinking

text: water

text: and

text: hand

text: washing

text: with

text: soap

text: Breastfeeding

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: six

text: months

text: is

text: also

text: recommended

text: as

text: is

text: vaccination

text: against

text: rotavirus

text: Oral

text: rehydration

text: solution

text: ORS

text: which

text: is

text: clean

text: water

text: with

text: modest

text: amounts

text: of

text: salts

text: and

text: sugar

text: is

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: choice

text: Zinc

text: tablets

text: are

text: also

text: recommended

text: These

text: treatments

text: have

text: been

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: saved

text: million

text: children

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: years

text: When

text: people

text: have

text: diarrhea

text: it

text: is

text: recommended

text: that

text: they

text: continue

text: to

text: eat

text: healthy

text: food

text: and

text: babies

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: breastfed

text: If

text: commercial

text: ORS

text: are

text: not

text: available

text: homemade

text: solutions

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: In

text: those

text: with

text: severe

text: dehydration

text: intravenous

text: fluids

text: may

text: be

text: required

text: Most

text: cases

text: however

text: can

text: be

text: managed

text: well

text: with

text: fluids

text: by

text: mouth

text: Antibiotics

text: while

text: rarely

text: used

text: may

text: be

text: recommended

text: in

text: few

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: bloody

text: diarrhea

text: and

text: high

text: fever

text: those

text: with

text: severe

text: diarrhea

text: following

text: travelling

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: grow

text: specific

text: bacteria

text: or

text: parasites

text: in

text: their

text: stool

text: Loperamide

text: may

text: help

text: decrease

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: bowel

text: movements

text: but

text: is

text: not

text: recommended

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: severe

text: disease

text: About

text: to

text: billion

text: cases

text: of

text: diarrhea

text: occur

text: per

text: year

text: It

text: is

text: most

text: common

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: where

text: young

text: children

text: get

text: diarrhea

text: on

text: average

text: three

text: times

text: year

text: Total

text: deaths

text: from

text: diarrhea

text: are

text: estimated

text: at

text: million

text: in

text: down

text: from

text: million

text: in

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: of

text: deaths

text: in

text: children

text: younger

text: than

text: five

text: million

text: or

text: Frequent

text: episodes

text: of

text: diarrhea

text: are

text: also

text: common

text: cause

text: of

text: malnutrition

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: in

text: those

text: younger

text: than

text: five

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: Other

text: long

text: term

text: problems

text: that

text: can

text: result

text: include

text: stunted

text: growth

text: and

text: poor

text: intellectual

text: development

text:
The endocrine system is the collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs. The phenomenon of biochemical processes' serving to regulate distant tissues by means of secretions directly into the circulatory system is called endocrine signaling. The major endocrine glands include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and adrenal glands. The endocrine system is in contrast to the exocrine system, which secretes its hormones to the outside of the body using ducts. The endocrine system is an information signal system like the nervous system, yet its effects and mechanism are classifiably different. The endocrine system's effects are slow to initiate, and prolonged in their response, lasting from a few hours up to weeks. The nervous system sends information very quickly, and responses are generally short lived. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. The field of study dealing with the endocrine system and its disorders is endocrinology, a branch of internal medicine.
Special features of endocrine glands are, in general, their ductless nature, their vascularity, and commonly the presence of intracellular vacuoles or granules that store their hormones. In contrast, exocrine glands, such as salivary glands, sweat glands, and glands within the gastrointestinal tract, tend to be much less vascular and have ducts or a hollow lumen.

text: The

text: endocrine

text: system

text: is

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: glands

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: that

text: secrete

text: hormones

text: directly

text: into

text: the

text: circulatory

text: system

text: to

text: be

text: carried

text: towards

text: distant

text: target

text: organs

text: The

text: phenomenon

text: of

text: biochemical

text: processes

text: serving

text: to

text: regulate

text: distant

text: tissues

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: secretions

text: directly

text: into

text: the

text: circulatory

text: system

text: is

text: called

text: endocrine

text: signaling

text: The

text: major

text: endocrine

text: glands

text: include

text: the

text: pineal

text: gland

text: pituitary

text: gland

text: pancreas

text: ovaries

text: testes

text: thyroid

text: gland

text: parathyroid

text: gland

text: and

text: adrenal

text: glands

text: The

text: endocrine

text: system

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: exocrine

text: system

text: which

text: secretes

text: its

text: hormones

text: to

text: the

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: using

text: ducts

text: The

text: endocrine

text: system

text: is

text: an

text: information

text: signal

text: system

text: like

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: yet

text: its

text: effects

text: and

text: mechanism

text: are

text: classifiably

text: different

text: The

text: endocrine

text: system

text: 's

text: effects

text: are

text: slow

text: to

text: initiate

text: and

text: prolonged

text: in

text: their

text: response

text: lasting

text: from

text: few

text: hours

text: up

text: to

text: weeks

text: The

text: nervous

text: system

text: sends

text: information

text: very

text: quickly

text: and

text: responses

text: are

text: generally

text: short

text: lived

text: In

text: vertebrates

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: is

text: the

text: neural

text: control

text: center

text: for

text: all

text: endocrine

text: systems

text: The

text: field

text: of

text: study

text: dealing

text: with

text: the

text: endocrine

text: system

text: and

text: its

text: disorders

text: is

text: endocrinology

text: branch

text: of

text: internal

text: medicine

text: Special

text: features

text: of

text: endocrine

text: glands

text: are

text: in

text: general

text: their

text: ductless

text: nature

text: their

text: vascularity

text: and

text: commonly

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: intracellular

text: vacuoles

text: or

text: granules

text: that

text: store

text: their

text: hormones

text: In

text: contrast

text: exocrine

text: glands

text: such

text: as

text: salivary

text: glands

text: sweat

text: glands

text: and

text: glands

text: within

text: the

text: gastrointestinal

text: tract

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: much

text: less

text: vascular

text: and

text: have

text: ducts

text: or

text: hollow

text: lumen

text: The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland which is part of the endocrine system. The posterior pituitary is not glandular as is the anterior pituitary. Instead, it is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary which serves as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood. The hypothalamicneurohypophyseal system is composed of the hypothalamus (the paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus), posterior pituitary, and these axonal projections.

text: The

text: posterior

text: pituitary

text: or

text: neurohypophysis

text: is

text: the

text: posterior

text: lobe

text: of

text: the

text: pituitary

text: gland

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: endocrine

text: system

text: The

text: posterior

text: pituitary

text: is

text: not

text: glandular

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: anterior

text: pituitary

text: Instead

text: it

text: is

text: largely

text: collection

text: of

text: axonal

text: projections

text: from

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: that

text: terminate

text: behind

text: the

text: anterior

text: pituitary

text: which

text: serves

text: as

text: site

text: for

text: the

text: secretion

text: of

text: neurohypophysial

text: hormones

text: oxytocin

text: and

text: vasopressin

text: directly

text: into

text: the

text: blood

text: The

text: hypothalamicneurohypophyseal

text: system

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: the

text: paraventricular

text: nucleus

text: and

text: supraoptic

text: nucleus

text: posterior

text: pituitary

text: and

text: these

text: axonal

text: projections

text:
Hyponatremia, also spelled hyponatraemia, is a low sodium level in the blood. Symptoms can vary from none to severe. Mild symptoms include a decreased ability to think, headaches, nausea, and poor balance. Severe symptoms include confusion, seizures, and coma. Normal serum sodium levels are 135145 mmol/L (135145 mEq/L). Hyponatremia is generally defined as a serum sodium level of less than 135 mmol/L and is considered severe when the level is below 120 mmol/L.
The cause of hyponatremia is typically classified by a person's fluid status into low volume, normal volume, and high volume. Low volume hyponatremia can occur from diarrhea, vomiting, diuretics, and sweating. Normal volume hyponatremia is divided into cases with dilute urine and concentrated urine. Cases in which the urine is dilute include adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and drinking too much water or too much beer. Cases in which the urine is concentrated include syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). High volume hyponatremia can occur from heart failure, liver failure, and kidney failure. Conditions that can lead to falsely low sodium measurements include high protein levels such as in multiple myeloma, high blood fat levels, and high blood sugar.
Treatment is based on the underlying cause. Correcting hyponatremia too quickly can lead to complications. Rapid partial correction with 3% normal saline is only recommended in those with significant symptoms and occasionally those in whom the condition was of rapid onset. Low volume hyponatremia is typically treated with intravenous normal saline. SIADH is typically treated with fluid restriction while high volume hyponatremia is typically treated with both fluid restriction and a diet low in salt. Correction, in those in whom the low levels have been present for more than two days should generally be gradual.
Hyponatremia is one of the most commonly seen waterelectrolyte imbalances. It occurs in about 20% of those admitted to hospital and 10% of people during or after an endurance sporting event. Among those in hospital hyponatremia is associated with an increased risk of death. The economic costs of hyponatremia are estimated at $2.6 billion in the United States.

text: Hyponatremia

text: also

text: spelled

text: hyponatraemia

text: is

text: low

text: sodium

text: level

text: in

text: the

text: blood

text: Symptoms

text: can

text: vary

text: from

text: to

text: severe

text: Mild

text: symptoms

text: include

text: decreased

text: ability

text: to

text: think

text: headaches

text: nausea

text: and

text: poor

text: balance

text: Severe

text: symptoms

text: include

text: confusion

text: seizures

text: and

text: coma

text: Normal

text: serum

text: sodium

text: levels

text: are

text: mmol

text: mEq

text: Hyponatremia

text: is

text: generally

text: defined

text: as

text: serum

text: sodium

text: level

text: of

text: less

text: than

text: mmol

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: severe

text: when

text: the

text: level

text: is

text: below

text: mmol

text: The

text: cause

text: of

text: hyponatremia

text: is

text: typically

text: classified

text: by

text: person

text: 's

text: fluid

text: status

text: into

text: low

text: volume

text: normal

text: volume

text: and

text: high

text: volume

text: Low

text: volume

text: hyponatremia

text: can

text: occur

text: from

text: diarrhea

text: vomiting

text: diuretics

text: and

text: sweating

text: Normal

text: volume

text: hyponatremia

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: cases

text: with

text: dilute

text: urine

text: and

text: concentrated

text: urine

text: Cases

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: urine

text: is

text: dilute

text: include

text: adrenal

text: insufficiency

text: hypothyroidism

text: and

text: drinking

text: too

text: much

text: water

text: or

text: too

text: much

text: beer

text: Cases

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: urine

text: is

text: concentrated

text: include

text: syndrome

text: of

text: inappropriate

text: antidiuretic

text: hormone

text: secretion

text: SIADH

text: High

text: volume

text: hyponatremia

text: can

text: occur

text: from

text: heart

text: failure

text: liver

text: failure

text: and

text: kidney

text: failure

text: Conditions

text: that

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: falsely

text: low

text: sodium

text: measurements

text: include

text: high

text: protein

text: levels

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: multiple

text: myeloma

text: high

text: blood

text: fat

text: levels

text: and

text: high

text: blood

text: sugar

text: Treatment

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: underlying

text: cause

text: Correcting

text: hyponatremia

text: too

text: quickly

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: complications

text: Rapid

text: partial

text: correction

text: with

text: normal

text: saline

text: is

text: only

text: recommended

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: significant

text: symptoms

text: and

text: occasionally

text: those

text: in

text: whom

text: the

text: condition

text: was

text: of

text: rapid

text: onset

text: Low

text: volume

text: hyponatremia

text: is

text: typically

text: treated

text: with

text: intravenous

text: normal

text: saline

text: SIADH

text: is

text: typically

text: treated

text: with

text: fluid

text: restriction

text: while

text: high

text: volume

text: hyponatremia

text: is

text: typically

text: treated

text: with

text: both

text: fluid

text: restriction

text: and

text: diet

text: low

text: in

text: salt

text: Correction

text: in

text: those

text: in

text: whom

text: the

text: low

text: levels

text: have

text: been

text: present

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: days

text: should

text: generally

text: be

text: gradual

text: Hyponatremia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: seen

text: waterelectrolyte

text: imbalances

text: It

text: occurs

text: in

text: about

text: of

text: those

text: admitted

text: to

text: hospital

text: and

text: of

text: people

text: during

text: or

text: after

text: an

text: endurance

text: sporting

text: event

text: Among

text: those

text: in

text: hospital

text: hyponatremia

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: an

text: increased

text: risk

text: of

text: death

text: The

text: economic

text: costs

text: of

text: hyponatremia

text: are

text: estimated

text: at

text: billion

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion ( SIADH ) is characterized by excessive release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland or another source . The increase in blood volume ( hypervolemia ) often results in dilutional hyponatremia in which the plasma sodium levels are lowered and total body fluid is increased . It was originally described in people with small - cell carcinoma of the lung , but it can be caused by a number of underlying medical conditions . The treatment may consist of fluid intake restriction , various medicines , and management of the underlying cause . Salt administration may help prevent brain swelling by increasing attractive force to keep water in the bloodstream , preventing fluid buildup in tissue . SIADH was first described in 1957 .

text: Syndrome

text: of

text: inappropriate

text: antidiuretic

text: hormone

text: secretion

text: SIADH

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: excessive

text: release

text: of

text: antidiuretic

text: hormone

text: from

text: the

text: posterior

text: pituitary

text: gland

text: or

text: another

text: source

text: The

text: increase

text: in

text: blood

text: volume

text: hypervolemia

text: often

text: results

text: in

text: dilutional

text: hyponatremia

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: plasma

text: sodium

text: levels

text: are

text: lowered

text: and

text: total

text: body

text: fluid

text: is

text: increased

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: described

text: in

text: people

text: with

text: small

text: cell

text: carcinoma

text: of

text: the

text: lung

text: but

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: underlying

text: medical

text: conditions

text: The

text: treatment

text: may

text: consist

text: of

text: fluid

text: intake

text: restriction

text: various

text: medicines

text: and

text: management

text: of

text: the

text: underlying

text: cause

text: Salt

text: administration

text: may

text: help

text: prevent

text: brain

text: swelling

text: by

text: increasing

text: attractive

text: force

text: to

text: keep

text: water

text: in

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: preventing

text: fluid

text: buildup

text: in

text: tissue

text: SIADH

text: was

text: first

text: described

text: in

text:
Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid, is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold, a feeling of tiredness, constipation, depression, and weight gain. Occasionally there may be swelling of the front part of the neck due to goitre. Untreated hypothyroidism during pregnancy can lead to delays in growth and intellectual development in the baby, which is called cretinism.
Worldwide, too little iodine in the diet is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. In countries with enough iodine in the diet, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune condition Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Less common causes include: previous treatment with radioactive iodine, injury to the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland, certain medications, a lack of a functioning thyroid at birth, or previous thyroid surgery. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism, when suspected, can be confirmed with blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine levels.
Prevention at the population level has been with the universal salt iodization. Hypothyroidism can be treated with levothyroxine. The dose is adjusted according to symptoms and normalization of the thyroxine and TSH levels. Thyroid medication is safe in pregnancy. While a certain amount of dietary iodine is important, excessive amounts can worsen certain types of hypothyroidism.
Worldwide about one billion people are estimated to be iodine deficient; however, it is unknown how often this results in hypothyroidism. In the United States, hypothyroidism occurs in 0.30.4% of people. Subclinical hypothyroidism, a milder form of hypothyroidism characterized by normal thyroxine levels and an elevated TSH level, is thought to occur in 4.38.5% of people in the United States. Hypothyroidism is more common in women than men. People over the age of 60 are more commonly affected. Dogs are also known to develop hypothyroidism and in rare cases cats and horses can also have the disorder. The word "hypothyroidism" is from Greek "hypo-" meaning "reduced", "thyreos" for "shield", and "eidos" for "form."
Signs and symptoms.
People with hypothyroidism often have no or only mild symptoms. Numerous symptoms and signs are associated with hypothyroidism, and can be related to the underlying cause, or a direct effect of having not enough thyroid hormones. Hashimoto's thyroiditis may present with the mass effect of a goiter (enlarged thyroid gland).

text: Hypothyroidism

text: also

text: called

text: underactive

text: thyroid

text: or

text: low

text: thyroid

text: is

text: common

text: disorder

text: of

text: the

text: endocrine

text: system

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: thyroid

text: gland

text: does

text: not

text: produce

text: enough

text: thyroid

text: hormone

text: It

text: can

text: cause

text: number

text: of

text: symptoms

text: such

text: as

text: poor

text: ability

text: to

text: tolerate

text: cold

text: feeling

text: of

text: tiredness

text: constipation

text: depression

text: and

text: weight

text: gain

text: Occasionally

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: swelling

text: of

text: the

text: front

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: neck

text: due

text: to

text: goitre

text: Untreated

text: hypothyroidism

text: during

text: pregnancy

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: delays

text: in

text: growth

text: and

text: intellectual

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: baby

text: which

text: is

text: called

text: cretinism

text: Worldwide

text: too

text: little

text: iodine

text: in

text: the

text: diet

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: of

text: hypothyroidism

text: In

text: countries

text: with

text: enough

text: iodine

text: in

text: the

text: diet

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: of

text: hypothyroidism

text: is

text: the

text: autoimmune

text: condition

text: Hashimoto

text: 's

text: thyroiditis

text: Less

text: common

text: causes

text: include

text: previous

text: treatment

text: with

text: radioactive

text: iodine

text: injury

text: to

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: or

text: the

text: anterior

text: pituitary

text: gland

text: certain

text: medications

text: lack

text: of

text: functioning

text: thyroid

text: at

text: birth

text: or

text: previous

text: thyroid

text: surgery

text: The

text: diagnosis

text: of

text: hypothyroidism

text: when

text: suspected

text: can

text: be

text: confirmed

text: with

text: blood

text: tests

text: measuring

text: thyroid

text: stimulating

text: hormone

text: TSH

text: and

text: thyroxine

text: levels

text: Prevention

text: at

text: the

text: population

text: level

text: has

text: been

text: with

text: the

text: universal

text: salt

text: iodization

text: Hypothyroidism

text: can

text: be

text: treated

text: with

text: levothyroxine

text: The

text: dose

text: is

text: adjusted

text: according

text: to

text: symptoms

text: and

text: normalization

text: of

text: the

text: thyroxine

text: and

text: TSH

text: levels

text: Thyroid

text: medication

text: is

text: safe

text: in

text: pregnancy

text: While

text: certain

text: amount

text: of

text: dietary

text: iodine

text: is

text: important

text: excessive

text: amounts

text: can

text: worsen

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: hypothyroidism

text: Worldwide

text: about

text: one

text: billion

text: people

text: are

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: iodine

text: deficient

text: however

text: it

text: is

text: unknown

text: how

text: often

text: this

text: results

text: in

text: hypothyroidism

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: hypothyroidism

text: occurs

text: in

text: of

text: people

text: Subclinical

text: hypothyroidism

text: milder

text: form

text: of

text: hypothyroidism

text: characterized

text: by

text: normal

text: thyroxine

text: levels

text: and

text: an

text: elevated

text: TSH

text: level

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: occur

text: in

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Hypothyroidism

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: women

text: than

text: men

text: People

text: over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: are

text: more

text: commonly

text: affected

text: Dogs

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: to

text: develop

text: hypothyroidism

text: and

text: in

text: rare

text: cases

text: cats

text: and

text: horses

text: can

text: also

text: have

text: the

text: disorder

text: The

text: word

text: hypothyroidism

text: is

text: from

text: Greek

text: hypo-

text: meaning

text: reduced

text: thyreos

text: for

text: shield

text: and

text: eidos

text: for

text: form

text: Signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: People

text: with

text: hypothyroidism

text: often

text: have

text: no

text: or

text: only

text: mild

text: symptoms

text: Numerous

text: symptoms

text: and

text: signs

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: hypothyroidism

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: underlying

text: cause

text: or

text: direct

text: effect

text: of

text: having

text: not

text: enough

text: thyroid

text: hormones

text: Hashimoto

text: 's

text: thyroiditis

text: may

text: present

text: with

text: the

text: mass

text: effect

text: of

text: goiter

text: enlarged

text: thyroid

text: gland

text:
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), occurs when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs. Signs and symptoms commonly include shortness of breath, excessive tiredness, and leg swelling. The shortness of breath is usually worse with exercise, while lying down, and may wake the person at night. A limited ability to exercise is also a common feature. Chest pain, including angina, does not typically occur due to heart failure.
Common causes of heart failure include coronary artery disease including a previous myocardial infarction (heart attack), high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, excess alcohol use, infection, and cardiomyopathy of an unknown cause. These cause heart failure by changing either the structure or the functioning of the heart. There are two main types of heart failure: "heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction" and "heart failure with normal ejection fraction" depending on whether the ability of the left ventricle to contract is affected, or the heart's ability to relax. The severity of disease is usually graded by the degree of problems with exercise. Heart failure is not the same as myocardial infarction (in which part of the heart muscle dies) or cardiac arrest (in which blood flow stops altogether). Other diseases that may have symptoms similar to heart failure include obesity, kidney failure, liver problems, anemia, and thyroid disease.
The condition is diagnosed based on the history of the symptoms and a physical examination with confirmation by echocardiography. Blood tests, electrocardiography, and chest radiography may be useful to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the severity and cause of the disease. In people with chronic stable mild heart failure, treatment commonly consists of lifestyle modifications such as stopping smoking, physical exercise, and dietary changes, as well as medications. In those with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers along with beta blockers are recommended. For those with severe disease, aldosterone antagonists, or hydralazine with a nitrate may be used. Diuretics are useful for preventing fluid retention. Sometimes, depending on the cause, an implanted device such as a pacemaker or an implantable cardiac defibrillator may be recommended. In some moderate or severe cases cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) may be suggested or cardiac contractility modulation may be of benefit. A ventricular assist device or occasionally a heart transplant may be recommended in those with severe disease despite all other measures.
Heart failure is a common, costly, and potentially fatal condition. In developed countries, around 2% of adults have heart failure and in those over the age of 65, this increases to 610%. In the year after diagnosis the risk of death is about 35% after which it decreases to below 10% each year. This is similar to the risks with a number of types of cancer. In the United Kingdom the disease is the reason for 5% of emergency hospital admissions. Heart failure has been known since ancient times with the Ebers papyrus commenting on it around 1550 BCE.

text: Heart

text: failure

text: HF

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: congestive

text: heart

text: failure

text: CHF

text: occurs

text: when

text: the

text: heart

text: is

text: unable

text: to

text: pump

text: sufficiently

text: to

text: maintain

text: blood

text: flow

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: body

text: 's

text: needs

text: Signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: commonly

text: include

text: shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: excessive

text: tiredness

text: and

text: leg

text: swelling

text: The

text: shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: is

text: usually

text: worse

text: with

text: exercise

text: while

text: lying

text: down

text: and

text: may

text: wake

text: the

text: person

text: at

text: night

text: limited

text: ability

text: to

text: exercise

text: is

text: also

text: common

text: feature

text: Chest

text: pain

text: including

text: angina

text: does

text: not

text: typically

text: occur

text: due

text: to

text: heart

text: failure

text: Common

text: causes

text: of

text: heart

text: failure

text: include

text: coronary

text: artery

text: disease

text: including

text: previous

text: myocardial

text: infarction

text: heart

text: attack

text: high

text: blood

text: pressure

text: atrial

text: fibrillation

text: valvular

text: heart

text: disease

text: excess

text: alcohol

text: use

text: infection

text: and

text: cardiomyopathy

text: of

text: an

text: unknown

text: cause

text: These

text: cause

text: heart

text: failure

text: by

text: changing

text: either

text: the

text: structure

text: or

text: the

text: functioning

text: of

text: the

text: heart

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: main

text: types

text: of

text: heart

text: failure

text: heart

text: failure

text: due

text: to

text: left

text: ventricular

text: dysfunction

text: and

text: heart

text: failure

text: with

text: normal

text: ejection

text: fraction

text: depending

text: on

text: whether

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: ventricle

text: to

text: contract

text: is

text: affected

text: or

text: the

text: heart

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: relax

text: The

text: severity

text: of

text: disease

text: is

text: usually

text: graded

text: by

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: problems

text: with

text: exercise

text: Heart

text: failure

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: myocardial

text: infarction

text: in

text: which

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: heart

text: muscle

text: dies

text: or

text: cardiac

text: arrest

text: in

text: which

text: blood

text: flow

text: stops

text: altogether

text: Other

text: diseases

text: that

text: may

text: have

text: symptoms

text: similar

text: to

text: heart

text: failure

text: include

text: obesity

text: kidney

text: failure

text: liver

text: problems

text: anemia

text: and

text: thyroid

text: disease

text: The

text: condition

text: is

text: diagnosed

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: symptoms

text: and

text: physical

text: examination

text: with

text: confirmation

text: by

text: echocardiography

text: Blood

text: tests

text: electrocardiography

text: and

text: chest

text: radiography

text: may

text: be

text: useful

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: underlying

text: cause

text: Treatment

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: severity

text: and

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: disease

text: In

text: people

text: with

text: chronic

text: stable

text: mild

text: heart

text: failure

text: treatment

text: commonly

text: consists

text: of

text: lifestyle

text: modifications

text: such

text: as

text: stopping

text: smoking

text: physical

text: exercise

text: and

text: dietary

text: changes

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: medications

text: In

text: those

text: with

text: heart

text: failure

text: due

text: to

text: left

text: ventricular

text: dysfunction

text: angiotensin

text: converting

text: enzyme

text: inhibitors

text: or

text: angiotensin

text: receptor

text: blockers

text: along

text: with

text: beta

text: blockers

text: are

text: recommended

text: For

text: those

text: with

text: severe

text: disease

text: aldosterone

text: antagonists

text: or

text: hydralazine

text: with

text: nitrate

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: Diuretics

text: are

text: useful

text: for

text: preventing

text: fluid

text: retention

text: Sometimes

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: cause

text: an

text: implanted

text: device

text: such

text: as

text: pacemaker

text: or

text: an

text: implantable

text: cardiac

text: defibrillator

text: may

text: be

text: recommended

text: In

text: some

text: moderate

text: or

text: severe

text: cases

text: cardiac

text: resynchronization

text: therapy

text: CRT

text: may

text: be

text: suggested

text: or

text: cardiac

text: contractility

text: modulation

text: may

text: be

text: of

text: benefit

text: ventricular

text: assist

text: device

text: or

text: occasionally

text: heart

text: transplant

text: may

text: be

text: recommended

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: severe

text: disease

text: despite

text: all

text: other

text: measures

text: Heart

text: failure

text: is

text: common

text: costly

text: and

text: potentially

text: fatal

text: condition

text: In

text: developed

text: countries

text: around

text: of

text: adults

text: have

text: heart

text: failure

text: and

text: in

text: those

text: over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: this

text: increases

text: to

text: In

text: the

text: year

text: after

text: diagnosis

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: death

text: is

text: about

text: after

text: which

text: it

text: decreases

text: to

text: below

text: each

text: year

text: This

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: risks

text: with

text: number

text: of

text: types

text: of

text: cancer

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: disease

text: is

text: the

text: reason

text: for

text: of

text: emergency

text: hospital

text: admissions

text: Heart

text: failure

text: has

text: been

text: known

text: since

text: ancient

text: times

text: with

text: the

text: Ebers

text: papyrus

text: commenting

text: on

text: it

text: around

text: BCE

question: medical_specialty syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

answer: endocrinology

text: endocrinology


text: Lena Sommestad ( born 3 April 1957 in Börje , Uppsala Municipality ) is a Swedish Social Democratic politician and economic historian . She was Minister for the Environment in the Ministry of Sustainable Development in the Cabinet of Göran Persson from 2002 - 2006 . Sommestad studied social sciences at Uppsala University and received a PhD degree in 1992 . From 1998 to 2002 she was the managing director of the Swedish Institute for Futures Studies ( Institutet för framtidsstudier ) . She had not held a politically elected office before Prime Minister Göran Persson made her Minister for the Environment in 2002 .

text: Lena

text: Sommestad

text: born

text: April

text: in

text: Börje

text: Uppsala

text: Municipality

text: is

text: Swedish

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: politician

text: and

text: economic

text: historian

text: She

text: was

text: Minister

text: for

text: the

text: Environment

text: in

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Sustainable

text: Development

text: in

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: of

text: Göran

text: Persson

text: from

text: Sommestad

text: studied

text: social

text: sciences

text: at

text: Uppsala

text: University

text: and

text: received

text: PhD

text: degree

text: in

text: From

text: to

text: she

text: was

text: the

text: managing

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Swedish

text: Institute

text: for

text: Futures

text: Studies

text: Institutet

text: för

text: framtidsstudier

text: She

text: had

text: not

text: held

text: politically

text: elected

text: office

text: before

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Göran

text: Persson

text: made

text: her

text: Minister

text: for

text: the

text: Environment

text: in

text: The Swedish Social Democratic Party, (SAP; literally, "Social Democratic Workers' Party of Sweden"), contesting elections as the "ArbetarepartietSocialdemokraterna" ('The Workers' Party  The Social Democrats'), usually referred to just as the 'Social Democrats' ("Socialdemokraterna"); is the oldest and largest political party in Sweden. The current party leader since 2012 is Stefan Löfven; he has also been Prime Minister of Sweden since 2014.

text: The

text: Swedish

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: SAP

text: literally

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Workers

text: Party

text: of

text: Sweden

text: contesting

text: elections

text: as

text: the

text: ArbetarepartietSocialdemokraterna

text: The

text: Workers

text: Party

text: The

text: Social

text: Democrats

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: just

text: as

text: the

text: Social

text: Democrats

text: Socialdemokraterna

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: and

text: largest

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: Sweden

text: The

text: current

text: party

text: leader

text: since

text: is

text: Stefan

text: Löfven

text: he

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Sweden

text: since

text: Hans Göran Persson (born 20 January 1949) served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1996 to 2006 and was leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party from 1996 to 2007.

text: Hans

text: Göran

text: Persson

text: born

text: January

text: served

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Sweden

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: was

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Swedish

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: from

text: to

text: Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

text: Sweden

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Swedish

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Denmark

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: bridge

text: tunnel

text: across

text: the

text: Öresund

text: At

text: Sweden

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Sweden

text: consequently

text: has

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

annotations: follows single

question: member_of_political_party lena sommestad

answer: swedish social democratic party

text: swedish social democratic party

text: swedish social democratic party


text: Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. It can refer to a television set, a television program ("TV show"), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium, for entertainment, education, news, and advertising.

text: Television

text: or

text: TV

text: is

text: telecommunication

text: medium

text: used

text: for

text: transmitting

text: moving

text: images

text: in

text: monochrome

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: or

text: in

text: color

text: and

text: in

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: dimensions

text: and

text: sound

text: It

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: television

text: set

text: television

text: program

text: TV

text: show

text: or

text: the

text: medium

text: of

text: television

text: transmission

text: Television

text: is

text: mass

text: medium

text: for

text: entertainment

text: education

text: news

text: and

text: advertising

text: Victoria Maurette (born July 30, 1982) is an Argentine actress, musician, singer, songwriter and composer. She is probably best known for her performance as Victoria "Vico" Paz in the Cris Morena Group series "Rebelde Way", and for her roles in Albert Pyun's films "Left for Dead", "Bulletface" and "Tales of an Ancient Empire".

text: Victoria

text: Maurette

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: Argentine

text: actress

text: musician

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: composer

text: She

text: is

text: probably

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: performance

text: as

text: Victoria

text: Vico

text: Paz

text: in

text: the

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: Group

text: series

text: Rebelde

text: Way

text: and

text: for

text: her

text: roles

text: in

text: Albert

text: Pyun

text: 's

text: films

text: Left

text: for

text: Dead

text: Bulletface

text: and

text: Tales

text: of

text: an

text: Ancient

text: Empire

text: Rebelde Way is a Martín Fierro Awardnominated Argentine telenovela created and produced by Cris Morena. It was originally broadcast from 26 May 2002 to 18 December 2003. The series was broadcast in many countries, including Peru, Germany, Israel, Spain, Uruguay, achieving widespread success. Numerous remakes of "Rebelde Way" have been made, most notably "Rebelde" by Televisa in Mexico.

text: Rebelde

text: Way

text: is

text: Martín

text: Fierro

text: Awardnominated

text: Argentine

text: telenovela

text: created

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: broadcast

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: December

text: The

text: series

text: was

text: broadcast

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: including

text: Peru

text: Germany

text: Israel

text: Spain

text: Uruguay

text: achieving

text: widespread

text: success

text: Numerous

text: remakes

text: of

text: Rebelde

text: Way

text: have

text: been

text: made

text: most

text: notably

text: Rebelde

text: by

text: Televisa

text: in

text: Mexico

text: Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Río de la Plata (River of Silver) to the south and with the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.42 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America, only larger in size than Suriname.

text: Uruguay

text: officially

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Republic

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: borders

text: Argentina

text: to

text: its

text: west

text: and

text: Brazil

text: to

text: its

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Río

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

text: River

text: of

text: Silver

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: of

text: whom

text: million

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Montevideo

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: second

text: smallest

text: nation

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: only

text: larger

text: in

text: size

text: than

text: Suriname

text: Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form.

text: Radio

text: is

text: the

text: technology

text: of

text: using

text: radio

text: waves

text: to

text: carry

text: information

text: such

text: as

text: sound

text: by

text: systematically

text: modulating

text: properties

text: of

text: electromagnetic

text: energy

text: waves

text: transmitted

text: through

text: space

text: such

text: as

text: their

text: amplitude

text: frequency

text: phase

text: or

text: pulse

text: width

text: When

text: radio

text: waves

text: strike

text: an

text: electrical

text: conductor

text: the

text: oscillating

text: fields

text: induce

text: an

text: alternating

text: current

text: in

text: the

text: conductor

text: The

text: information

text: in

text: the

text: waves

text: can

text: be

text: extracted

text: and

text: transformed

text: back

text: into

text: its

text: original

text: form

text: Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.

text: Mexico

text: modern

text: Nahuatl

text: officially

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Guatemala

text: Belize

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Covering

text: almost

text: two

text: million

text: square

text: kilometers

text: over

text: sq

text: mi

text: Mexico

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: Mexico

text: is

text: federation

text: comprising

text: states

text: and

text: federal

text: district

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Guadalajara

text: Monterrey

text: Puebla

text: Toluca

text: Tijuana

text: and

text: León

text:
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical Greek: , "drama"), which is derived from "to do" (Classical Greek: , "drao").
The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia, and Melpomene. Thalia was the Muse of comedy (the laughing face), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy (the weeping face). Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle's "Poetics" (c. 335 BCE)the earliest work of dramatic theory.

text: Drama

text: is

text: the

text: specific

text: mode

text: of

text: fiction

text: represented

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: term

text: comes

text: from

text: Greek

text: word

text: meaning

text: action

text: Classical

text: Greek

text: drama

text: which

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: to

text: do

text: Classical

text: Greek

text: drao

text: The

text: two

text: masks

text: associated

text: with

text: drama

text: represent

text: the

text: traditional

text: generic

text: division

text: between

text: comedy

text: and

text: tragedy

text: They

text: are

text: symbols

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: Muses

text: Thalia

text: and

text: Melpomene

text: Thalia

text: was

text: the

text: Muse

text: of

text: comedy

text: the

text: laughing

text: face

text: while

text: Melpomene

text: was

text: the

text: Muse

text: of

text: tragedy

text: the

text: weeping

text: face

text: Considered

text: as

text: genre

text: of

text: poetry

text: in

text: general

text: the

text: dramatic

text: mode

text: has

text: been

text: contrasted

text: with

text: the

text: epic

text: and

text: the

text: lyrical

text: modes

text: ever

text: since

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: Poetics

text: BCE)the

text: earliest

text: work

text: of

text: dramatic

text: theory

text: Floricienta (known in English as "Cinderella") is an Argentine family friendly telenovela based on the Cinderella story. It originally aired from 2004 to 2005, but continues to be broadcast in almost 70 countries. Some international channels airing "Floricienta" are TVE International, Disney Channel Latino, and Disney Channel Europe. It is also available in the United Kingdom on the BSKYB satellite line-up.

text: Floricienta

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Cinderella

text: is

text: an

text: Argentine

text: family

text: friendly

text: telenovela

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Cinderella

text: story

text: It

text: originally

text: aired

text: from

text: to

text: but

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: broadcast

text: in

text: almost

text: countries

text: Some

text: international

text: channels

text: airing

text: Floricienta

text: are

text: TVE

text: International

text: Disney

text: Channel

text: Latino

text: and

text: Disney

text: Channel

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: available

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: on

text: the

text: BSKYB

text: satellite

text: line

text: up

text: Grupo Televisa, S.A.B. is a Mexican multimedia mass media company, and the largest in Hispanic America as well as the first of all the Spanish-speaking world. It is a major international entertainment business, with much of its programming airing in the United States on Univision, with which it has an exclusive contract.

text: Grupo

text: Televisa

text: S.A.B.

text: is

text: Mexican

text: multimedia

text: mass

text: media

text: company

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Hispanic

text: America

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: major

text: international

text: entertainment

text: business

text: with

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: programming

text: airing

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: Univision

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: has

text: an

text: exclusive

text: contract

text: Peru , officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.

text: Peru

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Peru

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Colombia

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Brazil

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Chile

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Peru

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: biodiverse

text: country

text: with

text: habitats

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: arid

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coastal

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: peaks

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: mountains

text: vertically

text: extending

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: the

text: tropical

text: Amazon

text: Basin

text: rainforest

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Amazon

text: river

text: Cris Morena Group is a production company, in charge of creating mostly youth programming and formats. Founded in 2002 by Cris Morena, it is one of the main production companies in Argentina and is based in Buenos Aires. Unlike other production companies, Cris Morena Group not only devises TV formats, but also generates ancillary businesses such as CDs, magazines, licenses, musicals and theatrical productions.

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: Group

text: is

text: production

text: company

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: creating

text: mostly

text: youth

text: programming

text: and

text: formats

text: Founded

text: in

text: by

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: production

text: companies

text: in

text: Argentina

text: and

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Unlike

text: other

text: production

text: companies

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: Group

text: not

text: only

text: devises

text: TV

text: formats

text: but

text: also

text: generates

text: ancillary

text: businesses

text: such

text: as

text: CDs

text: magazines

text: licenses

text: musicals

text: and

text: theatrical

text: productions

text: Cinderella, or The Little Glass Slipper, is a folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward. Thousands of variants are known throughout the world. The title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances, that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune. The oldest documented version comes from China, and the oldest European version from Italy. The most popular version was first published by Charles Perrault in "Histoires ou contes du temps passé" in 1697, and later by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection "Grimms' Fairy Tales".

text: Cinderella

text: or

text: The

text: Little

text: Glass

text: Slipper

text: is

text: folk

text: tale

text: embodying

text: myth

text: element

text: of

text: unjust

text: oppression

text: triumphant

text: reward

text: Thousands

text: of

text: variants

text: are

text: known

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: title

text: character

text: is

text: young

text: woman

text: living

text: in

text: unfortunate

text: circumstances

text: that

text: are

text: suddenly

text: changed

text: to

text: remarkable

text: fortune

text: The

text: oldest

text: documented

text: version

text: comes

text: from

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: oldest

text: European

text: version

text: from

text: Italy

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: version

text: was

text: first

text: published

text: by

text: Charles

text: Perrault

text: in

text: Histoires

text: ou

text: contes

text: du

text: temps

text: passé

text: in

text: and

text: later

text: by

text: the

text: Brothers

text: Grimm

text: in

text: their

text: folk

text: tale

text: collection

text: Grimms

text: Fairy

text: Tales

text: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.

text: Spain

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: largely

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Europe

text: with

text: two

text: large

text: archipelagos

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: two

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: mainland

text: and

text: several

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Alboran

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: Moroccan

text: coast

text: Its

text: mainland

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Gibraltar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: France

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: border

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: country

text: Morocco

text: and

text: its

text: African

text: territory

text: accounts

text: for

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: Albert Pyun (born May 19, 1953) is an American film director best known for having made many low-budget B-movies and direct-to-video action films. The Independent Film Channel said that Pyun "has carved out a unique niche as a director of low-budget, high-concept genre films starring actors past their prime", adding that "others believe this a charitable description for Pyun, who has also been derided as the new Ed Wood." Though he frequently blends kickboxing and hybrid martial arts with science fiction and dystopic or post-apocalyptic themes, which often include cyborgs. Pyun stated in an interview that "I have really no interest in cyborgs. And I've never really had any interest in post-apocalyptic stories or settings. It just seemed that those situations presented a way for me to make movies with very little money, and to explore ideas that I really wanted to explore  even if they were [controversial]."

text: Albert

text: Pyun

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: director

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: having

text: made

text: many

text: low

text: budget

text: movies

text: and

text: direct

text: to

text: video

text: action

text: films

text: The

text: Independent

text: Film

text: Channel

text: said

text: that

text: Pyun

text: has

text: carved

text: out

text: unique

text: niche

text: as

text: director

text: of

text: low

text: budget

text: high

text: concept

text: genre

text: films

text: starring

text: actors

text: past

text: their

text: prime

text: adding

text: that

text: others

text: believe

text: this

text: charitable

text: description

text: for

text: Pyun

text: who

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: derided

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: Ed

text: Wood

text: Though

text: he

text: frequently

text: blends

text: kickboxing

text: and

text: hybrid

text: martial

text: arts

text: with

text: science

text: fiction

text: and

text: dystopic

text: or

text: post

text: apocalyptic

text: themes

text: which

text: often

text: include

text: cyborgs

text: Pyun

text: stated

text: in

text: an

text: interview

text: that

text: have

text: really

text: no

text: interest

text: in

text: cyborgs

text: And

text: 've

text: never

text: really

text: had

text: any

text: interest

text: in

text: post

text: apocalyptic

text: stories

text: or

text: settings

text: It

text: just

text: seemed

text: that

text: those

text: situations

text: presented

text: way

text: for

text: me

text: to

text: make

text: movies

text: with

text: very

text: little

text: money

text: and

text: to

text: explore

text: ideas

text: that

text: really

text: wanted

text: to

text: explore

text: even

text: if

text: they

text: were

text: controversial

text: Mariana Seligmann is an Argentinian actress . Her best - known roles are in soap operas Chiquititas , Rebelde Way and Floricienta . Currently , she is working on two films with Victoria Maurette , in English , Dying God and Left for Dead and one soap opera , Rebelde Way . Her professional career started 1995 , in TV show Chiquititas . Seligmann 's role was n't big , but effective . She did n't play in Chiquititas , la Historia and Chiquititas : Rincon de Luz , but she is also an important part of Chiquititas era . She became teenage star in Rebel 's Way in 2003 , where she played Laura Arregui , cute quiet student , with the best grades . Laura is friend of Marizza and Lujan . She has short relationships with Marcos and Fran , but on the end , she is with Guido . In 2004 , she played Clara in one more Cris Morena show , Floricienta , with many actors from Rebel 's Way . She acted with Camila Bordonaba , Benjamin Rojas , Felipe Colombo , Angeles Balbiani , Diego Garcia , Diego Mesaglio and many others . In 2007 , she started filming two horror films . First , Dying God , where she plays Camila , is completed , and it will be released in 2008 . In the other one , Left for Dead , she plays Michelle Black . In both films , she plays with Victoria Maurette . Both films are in English . Dying God is filming in France , and Left for Dead in USA and Argentina .

text: Mariana

text: Seligmann

text: is

text: an

text: Argentinian

text: actress

text: Her

text: best

text: known

text: roles

text: are

text: in

text: soap

text: operas

text: Chiquititas

text: Rebelde

text: Way

text: and

text: Floricienta

text: Currently

text: she

text: is

text: working

text: on

text: two

text: films

text: with

text: Victoria

text: Maurette

text: in

text: English

text: Dying

text: God

text: and

text: Left

text: for

text: Dead

text: and

text: one

text: soap

text: opera

text: Rebelde

text: Way

text: Her

text: professional

text: career

text: started

text: in

text: TV

text: show

text: Chiquititas

text: Seligmann

text: 's

text: role

text: was

text: n't

text: big

text: but

text: effective

text: She

text: did

text: n't

text: play

text: in

text: Chiquititas

text: la

text: Historia

text: and

text: Chiquititas

text: Rincon

text: de

text: Luz

text: but

text: she

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: Chiquititas

text: era

text: She

text: became

text: teenage

text: star

text: in

text: Rebel

text: 's

text: Way

text: in

text: where

text: she

text: played

text: Laura

text: Arregui

text: cute

text: quiet

text: student

text: with

text: the

text: best

text: grades

text: Laura

text: is

text: friend

text: of

text: Marizza

text: and

text: Lujan

text: She

text: has

text: short

text: relationships

text: with

text: Marcos

text: and

text: Fran

text: but

text: on

text: the

text: end

text: she

text: is

text: with

text: Guido

text: In

text: she

text: played

text: Clara

text: in

text: one

text: more

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: show

text: Floricienta

text: with

text: many

text: actors

text: from

text: Rebel

text: 's

text: Way

text: She

text: acted

text: with

text: Camila

text: Bordonaba

text: Benjamin

text: Rojas

text: Felipe

text: Colombo

text: Angeles

text: Balbiani

text: Diego

text: Garcia

text: Diego

text: Mesaglio

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: In

text: she

text: started

text: filming

text: two

text: horror

text: films

text: First

text: Dying

text: God

text: where

text: she

text: plays

text: Camila

text: is

text: completed

text: and

text: it

text: will

text: be

text: released

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: other

text: one

text: Left

text: for

text: Dead

text: she

text: plays

text: Michelle

text: Black

text: In

text: both

text: films

text: she

text: plays

text: with

text: Victoria

text: Maurette

text: Both

text: films

text: are

text: in

text: English

text: Dying

text: God

text: is

text: filming

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: Left

text: for

text: Dead

text: in

text: USA

text: and

text: Argentina

text: Chiquititas (literally translated as "Little Girls", known in English as Tiny Angels) is a children's musical Argentine telenovela, created and produced by Cris Morena. It starred Morena's daughter Romina Yan, and Agustina Cherri.

text: Chiquititas

text: literally

text: translated

text: as

text: Little

text: Girls

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Tiny

text: Angels

text: is

text: children

text: 's

text: musical

text: Argentine

text: telenovela

text: created

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: It

text: starred

text: Morena

text: 's

text: daughter

text: Romina

text: Yan

text: and

text: Agustina

text: Cherri

text: Agustina Cherri (born February 15, 1983 in Vicente López) is an Argentine actress, dancer and model. She is perhaps best known for her participation as "Milagros" in "Chiquititas" (Little Girls), a popular children's telenovela that also has had other stars Grecia Colmenares, Andrea Del Boca, Paul Lisazo and Jorge Martínez participate, among others.

text: Agustina

text: Cherri

text: born

text: February

text: in

text: Vicente

text: López

text: is

text: an

text: Argentine

text: actress

text: dancer

text: and

text: model

text: She

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: participation

text: as

text: Milagros

text: in

text: Chiquititas

text: Little

text: Girls

text: popular

text: children

text: 's

text: telenovela

text: that

text: also

text: has

text: had

text: other

text: stars

text: Grecia

text: Colmenares

text: Andrea

text: Del

text: Boca

text: Paul

text: Lisazo

text: and

text: Jorge

text: Martínez

text: participate

text: among

text: others

text: María Cristina De Giacomi (born 23 August 1950), professionally known as Cris Morena, is an Argentine Award-winning television producer, actress, television presenter, composer, musician, songwriter, writer, former fashion model and CEO of Cris Morena Group. She is one of the most successful producers in the country and is the creator of Argentina's most successful youth-oriented shows such as "Jugate Conmigo", "Chiquititas", "Rebelde Way", "Floricienta", "Alma Pirata", and "Casi Ángeles". Until 2001, she worked directly for Telefe but, since "Rebelde Way", in 2002, she works independently and has her own production company Cris Morena Group. She is the mother of the actress Romina Yan (), and of the producer and current Telefe director Tomás Yankelevich.

text: María

text: Cristina

text: De

text: Giacomi

text: born

text: August

text: professionally

text: known

text: as

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: is

text: an

text: Argentine

text: Award

text: winning

text: television

text: producer

text: actress

text: television

text: presenter

text: composer

text: musician

text: songwriter

text: writer

text: former

text: fashion

text: model

text: and

text: CEO

text: of

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: Group

text: She

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: producers

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: Argentina

text: 's

text: most

text: successful

text: youth

text: oriented

text: shows

text: such

text: as

text: Jugate

text: Conmigo

text: Chiquititas

text: Rebelde

text: Way

text: Floricienta

text: Alma

text: Pirata

text: and

text: Casi

text: Ángeles

text: Until

text: she

text: worked

text: directly

text: for

text: Telefe

text: but

text: since

text: Rebelde

text: Way

text: in

text: she

text: works

text: independently

text: and

text: has

text: her

text: own

text: production

text: company

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: Group

text: She

text: is

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: the

text: actress

text: Romina

text: Yan

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: producer

text: and

text: current

text: Telefe

text: director

text: Tomás

text: Yankelevich

text: Romina Yankelevich (5 September 1974  28 September 2010), better known as Romina Yan, was an Argentine actress, screenwriter, singer and dancer. She made her television debut in the program "Jugate Conmigo", and is most known for her portrayal of Belén Fraga in the internationally successful series "Chiquititas" (as well as on stage, in its annual musical presentations) created by her mother Cris Morena. She died in 2010, aged 36, after suffering a heart attack.

text: Romina

text: Yankelevich

text: September

text: September

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Romina

text: Yan

text: was

text: an

text: Argentine

text: actress

text: screenwriter

text: singer

text: and

text: dancer

text: She

text: made

text: her

text: television

text: debut

text: in

text: the

text: program

text: Jugate

text: Conmigo

text: and

text: is

text: most

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: portrayal

text: of

text: Belén

text: Fraga

text: in

text: the

text: internationally

text: successful

text: series

text: Chiquititas

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: on

text: stage

text: in

text: its

text: annual

text: musical

text: presentations

text: created

text: by

text: her

text: mother

text: Cris

text: Morena

text: She

text: died

text: in

text: aged

text: after

text: suffering

text: heart

text: attack

text: Disney Channel (originally called The Disney Channel from 1983 to 1997 and commonly shortened to Disney from 1997 to 2002) is an American basic cable and satellite television network that serves as the flagship property of owner Disney Channels Television Group, itself a unit of the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.

text: Disney

text: Channel

text: originally

text: called

text: The

text: Disney

text: Channel

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: commonly

text: shortened

text: to

text: Disney

text: from

text: to

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: basic

text: cable

text: and

text: satellite

text: television

text: network

text: that

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: flagship

text: property

text: of

text: owner

text: Disney

text: Channels

text: Television

text: Group

text: itself

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Disney

text: Media

text: Networks

text: division

text: of

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: A soap opera, soap, or soapie, is a serial drama on television or radio that examines the lives of many characters, usually focusing on emotional relationships to the point of melodrama. The term "soap opera" originated from such dramas being typically sponsored by soap manufacturers in the past.

text: soap

text: opera

text: soap

text: or

text: soapie

text: is

text: serial

text: drama

text: on

text: television

text: or

text: radio

text: that

text: examines

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: many

text: characters

text: usually

text: focusing

text: on

text: emotional

text: relationships

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: melodrama

text: The

text: term

text: soap

text: opera

text: originated

text: from

text: such

text: dramas

text: being

text: typically

text: sponsored

text: by

text: soap

text: manufacturers

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: Israel , officially known as the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.

text: Israel

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: It

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Lebanon

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Jordan

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: and

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: respectively

text: and

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: country

text: contains

text: geographically

text: diverse

text: features

text: within

text: its

text: relatively

text: small

text: area

text: Israel

text: 's

text: financial

text: and

text: technology

text: center

text: is

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: while

text: its

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: proclaimed

text: capital

text: is

text: Jerusalem

text: although

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: internationally

text: unrecognized

annotations: likely multiple

question: place_of_birth mariana seligmann

answer: buenos aires

text: buenos aires