text: A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow a sequence of operations, called a "program", make computers very flexible and useful. Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design, but also in general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions of other computers.

text: computer

text: is

text: device

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: instructed

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: set

text: of

text: arithmetic

text: or

text: logical

text: operations

text: automatically

text: The

text: ability

text: of

text: computers

text: to

text: follow

text: sequence

text: of

text: operations

text: called

text: program

text: make

text: computers

text: very

text: flexible

text: and

text: useful

text: Such

text: computers

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: control

text: systems

text: for

text: very

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: consumer

text: devices

text: This

text: includes

text: simple

text: special

text: purpose

text: devices

text: like

text: microwave

text: ovens

text: and

text: remote

text: controls

text: factory

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: industrial

text: robots

text: and

text: computer

text: assisted

text: design

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: general

text: purpose

text: devices

text: like

text: personal

text: computers

text: and

text: mobile

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: smartphones

text: The

text: Internet

text: is

text: run

text: on

text: computers

text: and

text: it

text: connects

text: millions

text: of

text: other

text: computers

text:
In physics, resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at a specific preferential frequency.
Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative maximum are known as the system's resonant frequencies or resonance frequencies. At resonant frequencies, small periodic driving forces have the ability to produce large amplitude oscillations, due to the storage of vibrational energy.

text: In

text: physics

text: resonance

text: is

text: phenomenon

text: in

text: which

text: vibrating

text: system

text: or

text: external

text: force

text: drives

text: another

text: system

text: to

text: oscillate

text: with

text: greater

text: amplitude

text: at

text: specific

text: preferential

text: frequency

text: Frequencies

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: response

text: amplitude

text: is

text: relative

text: maximum

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: system

text: 's

text: resonant

text: frequencies

text: or

text: resonance

text: frequencies

text: At

text: resonant

text: frequencies

text: small

text: periodic

text: driving

text: forces

text: have

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: produce

text: large

text: amplitude

text: oscillations

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: storage

text: of

text: vibrational

text: energy

text: David Behrman (born August 16, 1937 in Salzburg, Austria) is an American composer and a pioneer of computer music. In the early 1960s he was the producer of Columbia Records' "Music of Our Time" series, which included the first recording of Terry Riley's "In C". In 1966 Behrman co-founded Sonic Arts Union with fellow composers Robert Ashley, Alvin Lucier and Gordon Mumma. He wrote the music for Merce Cunningham's dances "Walkaround Time" (1968), "Rebus" (1975), "Pictures" (1984) and "Eyespace 40" (2007).

text: David

text: Behrman

text: born

text: August

text: in

text: Salzburg

text: Austria

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: composer

text: and

text: pioneer

text: of

text: computer

text: music

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: producer

text: of

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: Music

text: of

text: Our

text: Time

text: series

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: first

text: recording

text: of

text: Terry

text: Riley

text: 's

text: In

text: In

text: Behrman

text: co

text: founded

text: Sonic

text: Arts

text: Union

text: with

text: fellow

text: composers

text: Robert

text: Ashley

text: Alvin

text: Lucier

text: and

text: Gordon

text: Mumma

text: He

text: wrote

text: the

text: music

text: for

text: Merce

text: Cunningham

text: 's

text: dances

text: Walkaround

text: Time

text: Rebus

text: Pictures

text: and

text: Eyespace

text:
Sound installation (related to sound art and sound sculpture) is an intermedia and time based art form. It is an expansion of an art installation in the sense that it includes the sound element and therefore the time element. The main difference with a sound sculpture is that a sound installation has a three-dimensional space and the axes with which the different sound objects are being organized are not exclusively internal to the work, but also external. A work of art is an installation only if it makes a dialog with the surrounding space. A sound installation is usually a site-specific but sometimes it can be readapted to other spaces. It can be made either in close or open spaces, and context is fundamental to determine how a sound installation will be aesthetically perceived.
The difference between a regular art installation and a sound installation is that the later one has the time element, which gives the visiting public the possibility to stay a longer time due possible curiosity over the development of sound. This temporal factor also gives the audience the excuse to explore the space thoroughly due to the dispositions of the different sounds in space.

text: Sound

text: installation

text: related

text: to

text: sound

text: art

text: and

text: sound

text: sculpture

text: is

text: an

text: intermedia

text: and

text: time

text: based

text: art

text: form

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: expansion

text: of

text: an

text: art

text: installation

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: that

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: sound

text: element

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: time

text: element

text: The

text: main

text: difference

text: with

text: sound

text: sculpture

text: is

text: that

text: sound

text: installation

text: has

text: three

text: dimensional

text: space

text: and

text: the

text: axes

text: with

text: which

text: the

text: different

text: sound

text: objects

text: are

text: being

text: organized

text: are

text: not

text: exclusively

text: internal

text: to

text: the

text: work

text: but

text: also

text: external

text: work

text: of

text: art

text: is

text: an

text: installation

text: only

text: if

text: it

text: makes

text: dialog

text: with

text: the

text: surrounding

text: space

text: sound

text: installation

text: is

text: usually

text: site

text: specific

text: but

text: sometimes

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: readapted

text: to

text: other

text: spaces

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: either

text: in

text: close

text: or

text: open

text: spaces

text: and

text: context

text: is

text: fundamental

text: to

text: determine

text: how

text: sound

text: installation

text: will

text: be

text: aesthetically

text: perceived

text: The

text: difference

text: between

text: regular

text: art

text: installation

text: and

text: sound

text: installation

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: later

text: one

text: has

text: the

text: time

text: element

text: which

text: gives

text: the

text: visiting

text: public

text: the

text: possibility

text: to

text: stay

text: longer

text: time

text: due

text: possible

text: curiosity

text: over

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: sound

text: This

text: temporal

text: factor

text: also

text: gives

text: the

text: audience

text: the

text: excuse

text: to

text: explore

text: the

text: space

text: thoroughly

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: dispositions

text: of

text: the

text: different

text: sounds

text: in

text: space

text: Alvin Lucier (born May 14, 1931) is an American composer of experimental music and sound installations that explore acoustic phenomena and auditory perception. A long-time music professor at Wesleyan University, Lucier was a member of the influential Sonic Arts Union, which included Robert Ashley, David Behrman, and Gordon Mumma. Much of his work is influenced by science and explores the physical properties of sound itself: resonance of spaces, phase interference between closely tuned pitches, and the transmission of sound through physical media.

text: Alvin

text: Lucier

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: composer

text: of

text: experimental

text: music

text: and

text: sound

text: installations

text: that

text: explore

text: acoustic

text: phenomena

text: and

text: auditory

text: perception

text: long

text: time

text: music

text: professor

text: at

text: Wesleyan

text: University

text: Lucier

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: influential

text: Sonic

text: Arts

text: Union

text: which

text: included

text: Robert

text: Ashley

text: David

text: Behrman

text: and

text: Gordon

text: Mumma

text: Much

text: of

text: his

text: work

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: science

text: and

text: explores

text: the

text: physical

text: properties

text: of

text: sound

text: itself

text: resonance

text: of

text: spaces

text: phase

text: interference

text: between

text: closely

text: tuned

text: pitches

text: and

text: the

text: transmission

text: of

text: sound

text: through

text: physical

text: media

text: A song, most broadly, is a single (and often standalone) work of music that is typically intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections. Written words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created, are called lyrics. If a pre-existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art song. Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants. Songs in a simple style that are learned informally are often referred to as folk songs. Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs. These songs, which have broad appeal, are often composed by professional songwriters, composers and lyricists. Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances. Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video (or in some, cases, a song may be performed live and simultaneously recorded). Songs may also appear in plays, musical theatre, stage shows of any form, and within operas.

text: song

text: most

text: broadly

text: is

text: single

text: and

text: often

text: standalone

text: work

text: of

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: typically

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: human

text: voice

text: with

text: distinct

text: and

text: fixed

text: pitches

text: and

text: patterns

text: using

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: and

text: variety

text: of

text: forms

text: that

text: often

text: include

text: the

text: repetition

text: of

text: sections

text: Written

text: words

text: created

text: specifically

text: for

text: music

text: or

text: for

text: which

text: music

text: is

text: specifically

text: created

text: are

text: called

text: lyrics

text: If

text: pre

text: existing

text: poem

text: is

text: set

text: to

text: composed

text: music

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: song

text: Songs

text: that

text: are

text: sung

text: on

text: repeated

text: pitches

text: without

text: distinct

text: contours

text: and

text: patterns

text: that

text: rise

text: and

text: fall

text: are

text: called

text: chants

text: Songs

text: in

text: simple

text: style

text: that

text: are

text: learned

text: informally

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: folk

text: songs

text: Songs

text: that

text: are

text: composed

text: for

text: professional

text: singers

text: who

text: sell

text: their

text: recordings

text: or

text: live

text: shows

text: to

text: the

text: mass

text: market

text: are

text: called

text: popular

text: songs

text: These

text: songs

text: which

text: have

text: broad

text: appeal

text: are

text: often

text: composed

text: by

text: professional

text: songwriters

text: composers

text: and

text: lyricists

text: Art

text: songs

text: are

text: composed

text: by

text: trained

text: classical

text: composers

text: for

text: concert

text: or

text: recital

text: performances

text: Songs

text: are

text: performed

text: live

text: and

text: recorded

text: on

text: audio

text: or

text: video

text: or

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: song

text: may

text: be

text: performed

text: live

text: and

text: simultaneously

text: recorded

text: Songs

text: may

text: also

text: appear

text: in

text: plays

text: musical

text: theatre

text: stage

text: shows

text: of

text: any

text: form

text: and

text: within

text: operas

text: Kid Millions (1934) is an American musical film directed by Roy Del Ruth, produced by Samuel Goldwyn Productions, and starring Eddie Cantor. Its elaborate "Ice Cream Fantasy Finale" production number was filmed in three-strip Technicolor, one of the earliest uses of that process in a feature-length film.

text: Kid

text: Millions

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musical

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Roy

text: Del

text: Ruth

text: produced

text: by

text: Samuel

text: Goldwyn

text: Productions

text: and

text: starring

text: Eddie

text: Cantor

text: Its

text: elaborate

text: Ice

text: Cream

text: Fantasy

text: Finale

text: production

text: number

text: was

text: filmed

text: in

text: three

text: strip

text: Technicolor

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: uses

text: of

text: that

text: process

text: in

text: feature

text: length

text: film

text: The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar). It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb and/or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand. The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.

text: The

text: guitar

text: is

text: musical

text: instrument

text: classified

text: as

text: string

text: instrument

text: with

text: anywhere

text: from

text: four

text: to

text: strings

text: usually

text: having

text: six

text: The

text: sound

text: is

text: projected

text: either

text: acoustically

text: using

text: hollow

text: wooden

text: or

text: plastic

text: and

text: wood

text: box

text: for

text: an

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: or

text: through

text: electrical

text: amplifier

text: and

text: speaker

text: for

text: an

text: electric

text: guitar

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: played

text: by

text: strumming

text: or

text: plucking

text: the

text: strings

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: thumb

text: and/or

text: fingernails

text: of

text: the

text: right

text: hand

text: or

text: with

text: pick

text: while

text: fretting

text: or

text: pressing

text: against

text: the

text: frets

text: the

text: strings

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: of

text: the

text: left

text: hand

text: The

text: guitar

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: chordophone

text: traditionally

text: constructed

text: from

text: wood

text: and

text: strung

text: with

text: either

text: gut

text: nylon

text: or

text: steel

text: strings

text: and

text: distinguished

text: from

text: other

text: chordophones

text: by

text: its

text: construction

text: and

text: tuning

text: The

text: modern

text: guitar

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: gittern

text: the

text: vihuela

text: the

text: four

text: course

text: Renaissance

text: guitar

text: and

text: the

text: five

text: course

text: baroque

text: guitar

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: six

text: string

text: instrument

text: Gordon Mumma (born March 30, 1935, in Framingham, Massachusetts) is an American composer. He is known most for his work with electronics, many devices of which he builds himself, and for his performances on horn.

text: Gordon

text: Mumma

text: born

text: March

text: in

text: Framingham

text: Massachusetts

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: composer

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: most

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: with

text: electronics

text: many

text: devices

text: of

text: which

text: he

text: builds

text: himself

text: and

text: for

text: his

text: performances

text: on

text: horn

text: Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets.

text: Latin

text: Latin

text: is

text: classical

text: language

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Italic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: The

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: and

text: Greek

text: alphabets

text: The Renaissance was a period in European history, from the 14th to the 17th century, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age.

text: The

text: Renaissance

text: was

text: period

text: in

text: European

text: history

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: bridge

text: between

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: modern

text: history

text: It

text: started

text: as

text: cultural

text: movement

text: in

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Medieval

text: period

text: and

text: later

text: spread

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Europe

text: marking

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Modern

text: Age

text: An art song is a vocal music composition, usually written for one voice with piano accompaniment, and usually in the classical art music tradition. By extension, the term "art song" is used to refer to the collective genre of such songs (e.g., the "art song repertoire"). An art song is most often a musical setting of an independent poem or text, "intended for the concert repertory" "as part of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion". While many pieces of vocal music are easily recognized as art songs, others are more difficult to categorize. For example, a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an art song and sometimes not.

text: An

text: art

text: song

text: is

text: vocal

text: music

text: composition

text: usually

text: written

text: for

text: one

text: voice

text: with

text: piano

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: classical

text: art

text: music

text: tradition

text: By

text: extension

text: the

text: term

text: art

text: song

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: collective

text: genre

text: of

text: such

text: songs

text: e.g.

text: the

text: art

text: song

text: repertoire

text: An

text: art

text: song

text: is

text: most

text: often

text: musical

text: setting

text: of

text: an

text: independent

text: poem

text: or

text: text

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: concert

text: repertory

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: recital

text: or

text: other

text: relatively

text: formal

text: social

text: occasion

text: While

text: many

text: pieces

text: of

text: vocal

text: music

text: are

text: easily

text: recognized

text: as

text: art

text: songs

text: others

text: are

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: categorize

text: For

text: example

text: wordless

text: vocalise

text: written

text: by

text: classical

text: composer

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: an

text: art

text: song

text: and

text: sometimes

text: not

text: Wesleyan University (or ) is a private liberal arts college in Middletown, Connecticut, founded in 1831. Wesleyan is a Baccalaureate College that emphasizes undergraduate instruction in the arts and sciences, grants research master's degrees in many academic disciplines, and grants PhD degrees in biology, chemistry, mathematics and computer science, molecular biology and biochemistry, music, and physics.

text: Wesleyan

text: University

text: or

text: is

text: private

text: liberal

text: arts

text: college

text: in

text: Middletown

text: Connecticut

text: founded

text: in

text: Wesleyan

text: is

text: Baccalaureate

text: College

text: that

text: emphasizes

text: undergraduate

text: instruction

text: in

text: the

text: arts

text: and

text: sciences

text: grants

text: research

text: master

text: 's

text: degrees

text: in

text: many

text: academic

text: disciplines

text: and

text: grants

text: PhD

text: degrees

text: in

text: biology

text: chemistry

text: mathematics

text: and

text: computer

text: science

text: molecular

text: biology

text: and

text: biochemistry

text: music

text: and

text: physics

text: Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence, which exist in time. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives from Greek  ("mousike"; "art of the Muses"). In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound."

text: Music

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: and

text: cultural

text: activity

text: whose

text: medium

text: is

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: which

text: exist

text: in

text: time

text: The

text: common

text: elements

text: of

text: music

text: are

text: pitch

text: which

text: governs

text: melody

text: and

text: harmony

text: rhythm

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: concepts

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: articulation

text: dynamics

text: loudness

text: and

text: softness

text: and

text: the

text: sonic

text: qualities

text: of

text: timbre

text: and

text: texture

text: which

text: are

text: sometimes

text: termed

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: musical

text: sound

text: Different

text: styles

text: or

text: types

text: of

text: music

text: may

text: emphasize

text: de

text: emphasize

text: or

text: omit

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: elements

text: Music

text: is

text: performed

text: with

text: vast

text: range

text: of

text: instruments

text: and

text: vocal

text: techniques

text: ranging

text: from

text: singing

text: to

text: rapping

text: there

text: are

text: solely

text: instrumental

text: pieces

text: solely

text: vocal

text: pieces

text: such

text: as

text: songs

text: without

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: pieces

text: that

text: combine

text: singing

text: and

text: instruments

text: The

text: word

text: derives

text: from

text: Greek

text: mousike

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: Muses

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: the

text: activities

text: describing

text: music

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: music

text: songs

text: tunes

text: symphonies

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: music

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: examination

text: of

text: music

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: and

text: Indian

text: philosophers

text: defined

text: music

text: as

text: tones

text: ordered

text: horizontally

text: as

text: melodies

text: and

text: vertically

text: as

text: harmonies

text: Common

text: sayings

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: harmony

text: of

text: the

text: spheres

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: music

text: to

text: my

text: ears

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: music

text: is

text: often

text: ordered

text: and

text: pleasant

text: to

text: listen

text: to

text: However

text: century

text: composer

text: John

text: Cage

text: thought

text: that

text: any

text: sound

text: can

text: be

text: music

text: saying

text: for

text: example

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: noise

text: only

text: sound

text: The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a "network of networks" that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.

text: The

text: Internet

text: is

text: the

text: global

text: system

text: of

text: interconnected

text: computer

text: networks

text: that

text: use

text: the

text: Internet

text: protocol

text: suite

text: TCP

text: IP

text: to

text: link

text: devices

text: worldwide

text: It

text: is

text: network

text: of

text: networks

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: private

text: public

text: academic

text: business

text: and

text: government

text: networks

text: of

text: local

text: to

text: global

text: scope

text: linked

text: by

text: broad

text: array

text: of

text: electronic

text: wireless

text: and

text: optical

text: networking

text: technologies

text: The

text: Internet

text: carries

text: an

text: extensive

text: range

text: of

text: information

text: resources

text: and

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: inter

text: linked

text: hypertext

text: documents

text: and

text: applications

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: WWW

text: electronic

text: mail

text: telephony

text: and

text: peer

text: to

text: peer

text: networks

text: for

text: file

text: sharing

text: The Baroque guitar (c. 16001750) is a string instrument with five courses of gut strings and moveable gut frets. The first (highest pitched) course sometimes used only a single string.

text: The

text: Baroque

text: guitar

text: is

text: string

text: instrument

text: with

text: five

text: courses

text: of

text: gut

text: strings

text: and

text: moveable

text: gut

text: frets

text: The

text: first

text: highest

text: pitched

text: course

text: sometimes

text: used

text: only

text: single

text: string

text: A chordophone is a musical instrument that makes sound by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification.

text: chordophone

text: is

text: musical

text: instrument

text: that

text: makes

text: sound

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: vibrating

text: string

text: or

text: strings

text: stretched

text: between

text: two

text: points

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: main

text: divisions

text: of

text: instruments

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: Hornbostel

text: Sachs

text: scheme

text: of

text: musical

text: instrument

text: classification

text: An orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which features string instruments such as violin, viola, cello and double bass, as well as brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments, grouped in sections. Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes appear in a fifth keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and, for performances of some modern compositions, electronic instruments.

text: An

text: orchestra

text: is

text: large

text: instrumental

text: ensemble

text: typical

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: which

text: features

text: string

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: violin

text: viola

text: cello

text: and

text: double

text: bass

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: brass

text: woodwinds

text: and

text: percussion

text: instruments

text: grouped

text: in

text: sections

text: Other

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: piano

text: and

text: celesta

text: may

text: sometimes

text: appear

text: in

text: fifth

text: keyboard

text: section

text: or

text: may

text: stand

text: alone

text: as

text: may

text: the

text: concert

text: harp

text: and

text: for

text: performances

text: of

text: some

text: modern

text: compositions

text: electronic

text: instruments

text: A choir (also known as a chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform. Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, and/or popular music repertoire. Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.

text: choir

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: chorale

text: or

text: chorus

text: is

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: of

text: singers

text: Choral

text: music

text: in

text: turn

text: is

text: the

text: music

text: written

text: specifically

text: for

text: such

text: an

text: ensemble

text: to

text: perform

text: Choirs

text: may

text: perform

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: music

text: repertoire

text: which

text: spans

text: from

text: the

text: Medieval

text: era

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: and/or

text: popular

text: music

text: repertoire

text: Most

text: choirs

text: are

text: led

text: by

text: conductor

text: who

text: leads

text: the

text: performances

text: with

text: arm

text: and

text: face

text: gestures

text: Vocal music is a type of music performed by one or more singers, with or without instrumental accompaniment (a cappella), in which singing provides the main focus of the piece. Music which employs singing but does not feature it prominently is generally considered instrumental music (e.g. the wordless women's choir in the final movement of Holst's The Planets) as is music without singing. Music without any non-vocal instrumental accompaniment is referred to as "a cappella".

text: Vocal

text: music

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: music

text: performed

text: by

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: singers

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: cappella

text: in

text: which

text: singing

text: provides

text: the

text: main

text: focus

text: of

text: the

text: piece

text: Music

text: which

text: employs

text: singing

text: but

text: does

text: not

text: feature

text: it

text: prominently

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: instrumental

text: music

text: e.g.

text: the

text: wordless

text: women

text: 's

text: choir

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: movement

text: of

text: Holst

text: 's

text: The

text: Planets

text: as

text: is

text: music

text: without

text: singing

text: Music

text: without

text: any

text: non

text: vocal

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: cappella

text: A microwave oven (commonly referred to as a microwave) is a kitchen appliance that heats and cooks food by exposing it to microwave radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum. This induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and produce thermal energy in a process known as dielectric heating. Microwave ovens heat foods quickly and efficiently because excitation is fairly uniform in the outer of a homogeneous, high water content food item; food is more evenly heated throughout (except in heterogeneous, dense objects) than generally occurs in other cooking techniques.

text: microwave

text: oven

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: microwave

text: is

text: kitchen

text: appliance

text: that

text: heats

text: and

text: cooks

text: food

text: by

text: exposing

text: it

text: to

text: microwave

text: radiation

text: in

text: the

text: electromagnetic

text: spectrum

text: This

text: induces

text: polar

text: molecules

text: in

text: the

text: food

text: to

text: rotate

text: and

text: produce

text: thermal

text: energy

text: in

text: process

text: known

text: as

text: dielectric

text: heating

text: Microwave

text: ovens

text: heat

text: foods

text: quickly

text: and

text: efficiently

text: because

text: excitation

text: is

text: fairly

text: uniform

text: in

text: the

text: outer

text: of

text: homogeneous

text: high

text: water

text: content

text: food

text: item

text: food

text: is

text: more

text: evenly

text: heated

text: throughout

text: except

text: in

text: heterogeneous

text: dense

text: objects

text: than

text: generally

text: occurs

text: in

text: other

text: cooking

text: techniques

text: Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers, more specifically aliphatic or semi-aromatic polyamides. They can be melt-processed into fibers, films or shapes. The first example of nylon (nylon 6,6) was produced on February 28, 1935, by Wallace Carothers at DuPont's research facility at the DuPont Experimental Station. Nylon polymers have found significant commercial applications in fibers (apparel, flooring and rubber reinforcement), in shapes (molded parts for cars, electrical equipment, etc.), and in films (mostly for food packaging).<ref name="Materials/Polyamide"></ref>

text: Nylon

text: is

text: generic

text: designation

text: for

text: family

text: of

text: synthetic

text: polymers

text: more

text: specifically

text: aliphatic

text: or

text: semi

text: aromatic

text: polyamides

text: They

text: can

text: be

text: melt

text: processed

text: into

text: fibers

text: films

text: or

text: shapes

text: The

text: first

text: example

text: of

text: nylon

text: nylon

text: was

text: produced

text: on

text: February

text: by

text: Wallace

text: Carothers

text: at

text: DuPont

text: 's

text: research

text: facility

text: at

text: the

text: DuPont

text: Experimental

text: Station

text: Nylon

text: polymers

text: have

text: found

text: significant

text: commercial

text: applications

text: in

text: fibers

text: apparel

text: flooring

text: and

text: rubber

text: reinforcement

text: in

text: shapes

text: molded

text: parts

text: for

text: cars

text: electrical

text: equipment

text: etc

text: and

text: in

text: films

text: mostly

text: for

text: food

text: packaging).<ref

text: name="Materials

text: Polyamide"></ref

text: A smartphone is a mobile phone (also known as cell phones or cell mobiles) with an advanced mobile operating system that combines features of a personal computer operating system with other features useful for mobile or handheld use. Smartphones, which are usually pocket-sized, typically combine the features of a mobile phone, such as the abilities to place and receive voice calls and create and receive text messages, with those of other popular digital mobile devices like personal digital assistants (PDAs), such as an event calendar, media player, video games, GPS navigation, digital camera and digital video camera. Smartphones can access the Internet and can run a variety of third-party software components ("apps" from Google Play, Apple App Store, etc). They typically have a color display with a graphical user interface that covers more than 76% of the front surface. The display is almost always a touchscreen and sometimes additionally a touch-enabled keyboard like the Priv/Passport BlackBerrys, which enables the user to use a virtual keyboard to type words and numbers and press onscreen icons to activate "app" features.

text: smartphone

text: is

text: mobile

text: phone

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: cell

text: phones

text: or

text: cell

text: mobiles

text: with

text: an

text: advanced

text: mobile

text: operating

text: system

text: that

text: combines

text: features

text: of

text: personal

text: computer

text: operating

text: system

text: with

text: other

text: features

text: useful

text: for

text: mobile

text: or

text: handheld

text: use

text: Smartphones

text: which

text: are

text: usually

text: pocket

text: sized

text: typically

text: combine

text: the

text: features

text: of

text: mobile

text: phone

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: abilities

text: to

text: place

text: and

text: receive

text: voice

text: calls

text: and

text: create

text: and

text: receive

text: text

text: messages

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: other

text: popular

text: digital

text: mobile

text: devices

text: like

text: personal

text: digital

text: assistants

text: PDAs

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: event

text: calendar

text: media

text: player

text: video

text: games

text: GPS

text: navigation

text: digital

text: camera

text: and

text: digital

text: video

text: camera

text: Smartphones

text: can

text: access

text: the

text: Internet

text: and

text: can

text: run

text: variety

text: of

text: third

text: party

text: software

text: components

text: apps

text: from

text: Google

text: Play

text: Apple

text: App

text: Store

text: etc

text: They

text: typically

text: have

text: color

text: display

text: with

text: graphical

text: user

text: interface

text: that

text: covers

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: front

text: surface

text: The

text: display

text: is

text: almost

text: always

text: touchscreen

text: and

text: sometimes

text: additionally

text: touch

text: enabled

text: keyboard

text: like

text: the

text: Priv

text: Passport

text: BlackBerrys

text: which

text: enables

text: the

text: user

text: to

text: use

text: virtual

text: keyboard

text: to

text: type

text: words

text: and

text: numbers

text: and

text: press

text: onscreen

text: icons

text: to

text: activate

text: app

text: features

text:
Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period. The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows:
European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines, chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and "ad libitum" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can sustain larger forms and attain a high level of complexity.

text: Classical

text: music

text: is

text: art

text: music

text: produced

text: or

text: rooted

text: in

text: the

text: traditions

text: of

text: Western

text: music

text: including

text: both

text: liturgical

text: religious

text: and

text: secular

text: music

text: While

text: more

text: accurate

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: this

text: article

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: broad

text: span

text: of

text: time

text: from

text: roughly

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: periods

text: The

text: central

text: norms

text: of

text: this

text: tradition

text: became

text: codified

text: between

text: and

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: common

text: practice

text: period

text: The

text: major

text: time

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: art

text: music

text: are

text: as

text: follows

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: is

text: largely

text: distinguished

text: from

text: many

text: other

text: non

text: European

text: and

text: some

text: popular

text: musical

text: forms

text: by

text: its

text: system

text: of

text: staff

text: notation

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: about

text: the

text: century

text: Western

text: staff

text: notation

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: composers

text: to

text: indicate

text: to

text: the

text: performer

text: the

text: pitches

text: e.g.

text: melodies

text: basslines

text: chords

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: rhythms

text: for

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: This

text: can

text: leave

text: less

text: room

text: for

text: practices

text: such

text: as

text: improvisation

text: and

text: ad

text: libitum

text: ornamentation

text: which

text: are

text: frequently

text: heard

text: in

text: non

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: and

text: in

text: popular

text: music

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: jazz

text: and

text: blues

text: Another

text: difference

text: is

text: that

text: whereas

text: most

text: popular

text: styles

text: adopt

text: the

text: song

text: strophic

text: form

text: classical

text: music

text: has

text: been

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: development

text: of

text: highly

text: sophisticated

text: forms

text: of

text: instrumental

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: concerto

text: symphony

text: sonata

text: and

text: mixed

text: vocal

text: and

text: instrumental

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: opera

text: which

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: written

text: down

text: can

text: sustain

text: larger

text: forms

text: and

text: attain

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: complexity

text: A control system manages, commands, directs or regulates the behaviour of other devices or systems. It can range from a home heating controller using a thermostat controlling a domestic boiler to large Industrial control systems which are used for controlling processes or machines.

text: control

text: system

text: manages

text: commands

text: directs

text: or

text: regulates

text: the

text: behaviour

text: of

text: other

text: devices

text: or

text: systems

text: It

text: can

text: range

text: from

text: home

text: heating

text: controller

text: using

text: thermostat

text: controlling

text: domestic

text: boiler

text: to

text: large

text: Industrial

text: control

text: systems

text: which

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: controlling

text: processes

text: or

text: machines

text: A composer (Latin "compn"; literally "one who puts together") is a person who creates or writes music, which can be vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music (e.g., for solo piano, string quartet, wind quintet or orchestra) or music which combines both instruments and voices (e.g., opera or art song, which is a singer accompanied by a pianist). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written musical notation (e.g., sheet music scores).

text: composer

text: Latin

text: compn

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: puts

text: together

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: creates

text: or

text: writes

text: music

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: vocal

text: music

text: for

text: singer

text: or

text: choir

text: instrumental

text: music

text: e.g.

text: for

text: solo

text: piano

text: string

text: quartet

text: wind

text: quintet

text: or

text: orchestra

text: or

text: music

text: which

text: combines

text: both

text: instruments

text: and

text: voices

text: e.g.

text: opera

text: or

text: art

text: song

text: which

text: is

text: singer

text: accompanied

text: by

text: pianist

text: The

text: core

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: individuals

text: who

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: Western

text: classical

text: music

text: through

text: creation

text: of

text: works

text: expressed

text: in

text: written

text: musical

text: notation

text: e.g.

text: sheet

text: music

text: scores

text: Eddie Cantor (January 31, 1892  October 10, 1964), born Edward Israel Iskowitz, was an American "illustrated song" performer, comedian, dancer, singer, actor, and songwriter. Familiar to Broadway, radio, movie, and early television audiences, this "Apostle of Pep" was regarded almost as a family member by millions because his top-rated radio shows revealed intimate stories and amusing anecdotes about his wife Ida and five daughters. Some of his hits include "Makin' Whoopee", "Ida", "Yes! We Have No Bananas", "If You Knew Susie", "Ma! He's Makin' Eyes at Me", "Baby", "Margie", and "How Ya Gonna Keep 'em Down on the Farm (After They've Seen Paree)?" He also wrote a few songs, including "Merrily We Roll Along", the "Merrie Melodies" Warner Bros. cartoon theme.

text: Eddie

text: Cantor

text: January

text: October

text: born

text: Edward

text: Israel

text: Iskowitz

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: illustrated

text: song

text: performer

text: comedian

text: dancer

text: singer

text: actor

text: and

text: songwriter

text: Familiar

text: to

text: Broadway

text: radio

text: movie

text: and

text: early

text: television

text: audiences

text: this

text: Apostle

text: of

text: Pep

text: was

text: regarded

text: almost

text: as

text: family

text: member

text: by

text: millions

text: because

text: his

text: top

text: rated

text: radio

text: shows

text: revealed

text: intimate

text: stories

text: and

text: amusing

text: anecdotes

text: about

text: his

text: wife

text: Ida

text: and

text: five

text: daughters

text: Some

text: of

text: his

text: hits

text: include

text: Makin

text: Whoopee

text: Ida

text: Yes

text: We

text: Have

text: No

text: Bananas

text: If

text: You

text: Knew

text: Susie

text: Ma

text: He

text: 's

text: Makin

text: Eyes

text: at

text: Me

text: Baby

text: Margie

text: and

text: How

text: Ya

text: Gon

text: Keep

text: 'em

text: Down

text: on

text: the

text: Farm

text: After

text: They

text: 've

text: Seen

text: Paree

text: He

text: also

text: wrote

text: few

text: songs

text: including

text: Merrily

text: We

text: Roll

text: Along

text: the

text: Merrie

text: Melodies

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: cartoon

text: theme

text: A fret is a raised element on the neck of a stringed instrument. Frets usually extend across the full width of the neck. On most modern western fretted instruments, frets are metal strips inserted into the fingerboard. On some historical instruments and non-European instruments, frets are made of pieces of string tied around the neck.

text: fret

text: is

text: raised

text: element

text: on

text: the

text: neck

text: of

text: stringed

text: instrument

text: Frets

text: usually

text: extend

text: across

text: the

text: full

text: width

text: of

text: the

text: neck

text: On

text: most

text: modern

text: western

text: fretted

text: instruments

text: frets

text: are

text: metal

text: strips

text: inserted

text: into

text: the

text: fingerboard

text: On

text: some

text: historical

text: instruments

text: and

text: non

text: European

text: instruments

text: frets

text: are

text: made

text: of

text: pieces

text: of

text: string

text: tied

text: around

text: the

text: neck

text: Opera (English plural: "operas"; Italian plural: "opere" ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. In traditional opera, singers do two types of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style and arias, a more melodic style. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor.

text: Opera

text: English

text: plural

text: operas

text: Italian

text: plural

text: opere

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: in

text: which

text: singers

text: and

text: musicians

text: perform

text: dramatic

text: work

text: combining

text: text

text: libretto

text: and

text: musical

text: score

text: usually

text: in

text: theatrical

text: setting

text: In

text: traditional

text: opera

text: singers

text: do

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: singing

text: recitative

text: speech

text: inflected

text: style

text: and

text: arias

text: more

text: melodic

text: style

text: Opera

text: incorporates

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: of

text: spoken

text: theatre

text: such

text: as

text: acting

text: scenery

text: and

text: costumes

text: and

text: sometimes

text: includes

text: dance

text: The

text: performance

text: is

text: typically

text: given

text: in

text: an

text: opera

text: house

text: accompanied

text: by

text: an

text: orchestra

text: or

text: smaller

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: which

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: has

text: been

text: led

text: by

text: conductor

text: An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acousticallyby transmitting the vibration of the strings to the airas opposed to relying on electronic amplification (see electric guitar). The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitar's body, creating sound. This typically involves the use of a sound board and a sound box to strengthen the vibrations of the strings.

text: An

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: is

text: guitar

text: that

text: produces

text: sound

text: acousticallyby

text: transmitting

text: the

text: vibration

text: of

text: the

text: strings

text: to

text: the

text: airas

text: opposed

text: to

text: relying

text: on

text: electronic

text: amplification

text: see

text: electric

text: guitar

text: The

text: sound

text: waves

text: from

text: the

text: strings

text: of

text: an

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: resonate

text: through

text: the

text: guitar

text: 's

text: body

text: creating

text: sound

text: This

text: typically

text: involves

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: sound

text: board

text: and

text: sound

text: box

text: to

text: strengthen

text: the

text: vibrations

text: of

text: the

text: strings

text: The vihuela is a guitar-shaped string instrument from 15th and 16th century Spain, Portugal and Italy, usually with five or six doubled strings.

text: The

text: vihuela

text: is

text: guitar

text: shaped

text: string

text: instrument

text: from

text: and

text: century

text: Spain

text: Portugal

text: and

text: Italy

text: usually

text: with

text: five

text: or

text: six

text: doubled

text: strings

text: A wind quintet, also known as a woodwind quintet, is a group of five wind players (most commonly flute, oboe, clarinet, horn and bassoon). The term also applies to a composition for such a group.

text: wind

text: quintet

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: woodwind

text: quintet

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: five

text: wind

text: players

text: most

text: commonly

text: flute

text: oboe

text: clarinet

text: horn

text: and

text: bassoon

text: The

text: term

text: also

text: applies

text: to

text: composition

text: for

text: such

text: group

text: Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches (melodies), rhythms and/or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece. Like its analogs  printed books or pamphlets in English, Arabic or other languages  the medium of sheet music typically is paper (or, in earlier centuries, papyrus or parchment), although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically, and, in some cases, "play back" the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments.

text: Sheet

text: music

text: is

text: handwritten

text: or

text: printed

text: form

text: of

text: music

text: notation

text: that

text: uses

text: modern

text: musical

text: symbols

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: pitches

text: melodies

text: rhythms

text: and/or

text: chords

text: of

text: song

text: or

text: instrumental

text: musical

text: piece

text: Like

text: its

text: analogs

text: printed

text: books

text: or

text: pamphlets

text: in

text: English

text: Arabic

text: or

text: other

text: languages

text: the

text: medium

text: of

text: sheet

text: music

text: typically

text: is

text: paper

text: or

text: in

text: earlier

text: centuries

text: papyrus

text: or

text: parchment

text: although

text: the

text: access

text: to

text: musical

text: notation

text: since

text: the

text: has

text: included

text: the

text: presentation

text: of

text: musical

text: notation

text: on

text: computer

text: screens

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: scorewriter

text: computer

text: programs

text: that

text: can

text: notate

text: song

text: or

text: piece

text: electronically

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: play

text: back

text: the

text: notated

text: music

text: using

text: synthesizer

text: or

text: virtual

text: instruments

text: A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string players  two violin players, a viola player and a cellist  or a piece written to be performed by such a group. The string quartet is one of the most prominent chamber ensembles in classical music, with most major composers, from the mid to late 18th century onwards, writing string quartets.

text: string

text: quartet

text: is

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: of

text: four

text: string

text: players

text: two

text: violin

text: players

text: viola

text: player

text: and

text: cellist

text: or

text: piece

text: written

text: to

text: be

text: performed

text: by

text: such

text: group

text: The

text: string

text: quartet

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: chamber

text: ensembles

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: with

text: most

text: major

text: composers

text: from

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: century

text: onwards

text: writing

text: string

text: quartets

text: Roy Del Ruth (October 18, 1895, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania  April 27, 1961) was an American film director.

text: Roy

text: Del

text: Ruth

text: October

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: April

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: director

text: David First ( born August 20 , 1953 ) is an American composer . His music most often deals with drones and interference beats , the latter aligning his music with that of Alvin Lucier . He usually plays computer or guitar and has led the World Casio Quartet , Joy Buzzers and The Notekillers which originally existed from 1977 -- 81 and reformed in 2004 . He is also a member of Matter Waves , which includes Kid Millions on drums and Bernard Gann on bass , and the music collective New Party Systems . His albums include 1991 's Resolver , instrumental pieces influenced by minimalism and 2002 's relatively pop - oriented Universary , which consists of `` songs and drones '' . More recent releases include 2010 's We 're Here to Help ( Prophase Records ) by The Notekillers and Privacy Issues , a 3 - CD set of droneworks on the XI label . In 1995 First , along with visual artist Patricia Smith created an opera , The Manhattan Book of the Dead , which was presented at La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club 's Annex Theater in 1995 and The Washaus in Potsdam , Germany in 1996 . First received a 2001 Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award . In January 2012 , the music collective , New Party Systems , an ensemble containing First , released a song First wrote ( C2011 Silent Graph Music ASCAP ) , `` We Are '' -- -- an anthem for the 99 % , with a video by director , Toni Comas .

text: David

text: First

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: composer

text: His

text: music

text: most

text: often

text: deals

text: with

text: drones

text: and

text: interference

text: beats

text: the

text: latter

text: aligning

text: his

text: music

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: Alvin

text: Lucier

text: He

text: usually

text: plays

text: computer

text: or

text: guitar

text: and

text: has

text: led

text: the

text: World

text: Casio

text: Quartet

text: Joy

text: Buzzers

text: and

text: The

text: Notekillers

text: which

text: originally

text: existed

text: from

text: and

text: reformed

text: in

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: member

text: of

text: Matter

text: Waves

text: which

text: includes

text: Kid

text: Millions

text: on

text: drums

text: and

text: Bernard

text: Gann

text: on

text: bass

text: and

text: the

text: music

text: collective

text: New

text: Party

text: Systems

text: His

text: albums

text: include

text: 's

text: Resolver

text: instrumental

text: pieces

text: influenced

text: by

text: minimalism

text: and

text: 's

text: relatively

text: pop

text: oriented

text: Universary

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: songs

text: and

text: drones

text: More

text: recent

text: releases

text: include

text: 's

text: We

text: 're

text: Here

text: to

text: Help

text: Prophase

text: Records

text: by

text: The

text: Notekillers

text: and

text: Privacy

text: Issues

text: CD

text: set

text: of

text: droneworks

text: on

text: the

text: XI

text: label

text: In

text: First

text: along

text: with

text: visual

text: artist

text: Patricia

text: Smith

text: created

text: an

text: opera

text: The

text: Manhattan

text: Book

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: which

text: was

text: presented

text: at

text: La

text: MaMa

text: Experimental

text: Theatre

text: Club

text: 's

text: Annex

text: Theater

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: Washaus

text: in

text: Potsdam

text: Germany

text: in

text: First

text: received

text: Foundation

text: for

text: Contemporary

text: Arts

text: Grants

text: to

text: Artists

text: Award

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: music

text: collective

text: New

text: Party

text: Systems

text: an

text: ensemble

text: containing

text: First

text: released

text: song

text: First

text: wrote

text: Silent

text: Graph

text: Music

text: ASCAP

text: We

text: Are

text: an

text: anthem

text: for

text: the

text: with

text: video

text: by

text: director

text: Toni

text: Comas

text: The bit is a basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. A bit can have only one of two values, and may therefore be physically implemented with a two-state device. These values are most commonly represented as either a . The term "bit" is a portmanteau of binary digit. In information theory, the bit is equivalent to the unit "shannon", named after Claude Shannon.

text: The

text: bit

text: is

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: information

text: in

text: computing

text: and

text: digital

text: communications

text: bit

text: can

text: have

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: values

text: and

text: may

text: therefore

text: be

text: physically

text: implemented

text: with

text: two

text: state

text: device

text: These

text: values

text: are

text: most

text: commonly

text: represented

text: as

text: either

text: The

text: term

text: bit

text: is

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: binary

text: digit

text: In

text: information

text: theory

text: the

text: bit

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: unit

text: shannon

text: named

text: after

text: Claude

text: Shannon

text: The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. Invented in about 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), the piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, and for composing, songwriting and rehearsals. Although the piano is very heavy and thus not portable and is expensive (in comparison with other widely used accompaniment instruments, such as the acoustic guitar), its musical versatility (i.e., its wide pitch range, ability to play chords with up to 10 notes, louder or softer notes and two or more independent musical lines at the same time), the large number of musicians and amateurs trained in playing it, and its wide availability in performance venues, schools and rehearsal spaces have made it one of the Western world's most familiar musical instruments.

text: The

text: piano

text: is

text: an

text: acoustic

text: stringed

text: musical

text: instrument

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: strings

text: are

text: struck

text: by

text: hammers

text: It

text: is

text: played

text: using

text: keyboard

text: which

text: is

text: row

text: of

text: keys

text: small

text: levers

text: that

text: the

text: performer

text: presses

text: down

text: or

text: strikes

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: and

text: thumbs

text: of

text: both

text: hands

text: to

text: cause

text: the

text: hammers

text: to

text: strike

text: the

text: strings

text: Invented

text: in

text: about

text: the

text: exact

text: year

text: is

text: uncertain

text: the

text: piano

text: is

text: widely

text: employed

text: in

text: classical

text: jazz

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: music

text: for

text: solo

text: and

text: ensemble

text: performances

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: for

text: composing

text: songwriting

text: and

text: rehearsals

text: Although

text: the

text: piano

text: is

text: very

text: heavy

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: portable

text: and

text: is

text: expensive

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: other

text: widely

text: used

text: accompaniment

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: its

text: musical

text: versatility

text: i.e.

text: its

text: wide

text: pitch

text: range

text: ability

text: to

text: play

text: chords

text: with

text: up

text: to

text: notes

text: louder

text: or

text: softer

text: notes

text: and

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: independent

text: musical

text: lines

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: musicians

text: and

text: amateurs

text: trained

text: in

text: playing

text: it

text: and

text: its

text: wide

text: availability

text: in

text: performance

text: venues

text: schools

text: and

text: rehearsal

text: spaces

text: have

text: made

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: familiar

text: musical

text: instruments

text: Robert Ashley (March 28, 1930  March 3, 2014) was an American composer, who was best known for his operas and other theatrical works, many of which incorporate electronics and extended techniques.

text: Robert

text: Ashley

text: March

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: composer

text: who

text: was

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: operas

text: and

text: other

text: theatrical

text: works

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: incorporate

text: electronics

text: and

text: extended

text: techniques

text: Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek  "arithmos", "number") is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics. It consists of the study of numbers, especially the properties of the traditional operations between themaddition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Arithmetic is an elementary part of number theory, and number theory is considered to be one of the top-level divisions of modern mathematics, along with algebra, geometry, and analysis. The terms "arithmetic" and "higher arithmetic" were used until the beginning of the 20th century as synonyms for "number theory" and are sometimes still used to refer to a wider part of number theory.

text: Arithmetic

text: or

text: arithmetics

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: arithmos

text: number

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: elementary

text: branch

text: of

text: mathematics

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: numbers

text: especially

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: operations

text: between

text: themaddition

text: subtraction

text: multiplication

text: and

text: division

text: Arithmetic

text: is

text: an

text: elementary

text: part

text: of

text: number

text: theory

text: and

text: number

text: theory

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: level

text: divisions

text: of

text: modern

text: mathematics

text: along

text: with

text: algebra

text: geometry

text: and

text: analysis

text: The

text: terms

text: arithmetic

text: and

text: higher

text: arithmetic

text: were

text: used

text: until

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: synonyms

text: for

text: number

text: theory

text: and

text: are

text: sometimes

text: still

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: wider

text: part

text: of

text: number

text: theory

text:
The gittern was a relatively small gut strung round-backed instrument that first appears in literature and pictorial representation during the 13th century in Western Europe (Iberian Peninsula, Italy, France, England). It is usually depicted played with a quill plectrum, as we can see clearly beginning in manuscript illuminations from the thirteenth century.
It was also called the guitarra in Spain, guiterne or guiterre in France, the chitarra in Italy and quintern in Germany. A popular instrument with court musicians, minstrels, and amateurs, the gittern is considered ancestral to the modern guitar; possibly other instruments like the mandore and gallichon.

text: The

text: gittern

text: was

text: relatively

text: small

text: gut

text: strung

text: round

text: backed

text: instrument

text: that

text: first

text: appears

text: in

text: literature

text: and

text: pictorial

text: representation

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: Italy

text: France

text: England

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: depicted

text: played

text: with

text: quill

text: plectrum

text: as

text: we

text: can

text: see

text: clearly

text: beginning

text: in

text: manuscript

text: illuminations

text: from

text: the

text: thirteenth

text: century

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: guitarra

text: in

text: Spain

text: guiterne

text: or

text: guiterre

text: in

text: France

text: the

text: chitarra

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: quintern

text: in

text: Germany

text: popular

text: instrument

text: with

text: court

text: musicians

text: minstrels

text: and

text: amateurs

text: the

text: gittern

text: is

text: considered

text: ancestral

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: guitar

text: possibly

text: other

text: instruments

text: like

text: the

text: mandore

text: and

text: gallichon

text: An amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device designed to increase the value of a signal. The amount of increase, as a ratio of the output signal over input signal is called the gain of the amplifier. The signal is often a voltage, electric current or power signal. The input and output signal must not necessaraly be of the same type. An amplifier is the opposite of an attenuator: while an amplifier provides gain, an attenuator provides loss.

text: An

text: amplifier

text: electronic

text: amplifier

text: or

text: informally

text: amp

text: is

text: an

text: electronic

text: device

text: designed

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: signal

text: The

text: amount

text: of

text: increase

text: as

text: ratio

text: of

text: the

text: output

text: signal

text: over

text: input

text: signal

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: gain

text: of

text: the

text: amplifier

text: The

text: signal

text: is

text: often

text: voltage

text: electric

text: current

text: or

text: power

text: signal

text: The

text: input

text: and

text: output

text: signal

text: must

text: not

text: necessaraly

text: be

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: type

text: An

text: amplifier

text: is

text: the

text: opposite

text: of

text: an

text: attenuator

text: while

text: an

text: amplifier

text: provides

text: gain

text: an

text: attenuator

text: provides

text: loss

text: In consumer electronics, a remote control is a component of an electronic device such as a television set, DVD player, or other home appliance, used to operate the device wirelessly from a short distance. Remote control is primarily a convenience feature for the consumer, and can allow operation of devices that are out of convenient reach for direct operation of controls. In some cases, remote controls allow a person to operate a device that they otherwise would not be able to reach, as when a garage door opener is triggered from outside or when a Digital Light Processing projector that is mounted on a high ceiling is controlled by a person from the floor level.

text: In

text: consumer

text: electronics

text: remote

text: control

text: is

text: component

text: of

text: an

text: electronic

text: device

text: such

text: as

text: television

text: set

text: DVD

text: player

text: or

text: other

text: home

text: appliance

text: used

text: to

text: operate

text: the

text: device

text: wirelessly

text: from

text: short

text: distance

text: Remote

text: control

text: is

text: primarily

text: convenience

text: feature

text: for

text: the

text: consumer

text: and

text: can

text: allow

text: operation

text: of

text: devices

text: that

text: are

text: out

text: of

text: convenient

text: reach

text: for

text: direct

text: operation

text: of

text: controls

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: remote

text: controls

text: allow

text: person

text: to

text: operate

text: device

text: that

text: they

text: otherwise

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: able

text: to

text: reach

text: as

text: when

text: garage

text: door

text: opener

text: is

text: triggered

text: from

text: outside

text: or

text: when

text: Digital

text: Light

text: Processing

text: projector

text: that

text: is

text: mounted

text: on

text: high

text: ceiling

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: person

text: from

text: the

text: floor

text: level

text: The Sonic Arts Union was a collective of experimental musicians that was active between 1966 and 1976. The founding members of the group were Robert Ashley, David Behrman, Alvin Lucier and Gordon Mumma, all of whom had worked together in the instrumental performances of the ONCE festivals. They initially toured under the name Sonic Arts Group, until, at Ashley's suggestion, the name was changed to Sonic Arts Union.

text: The

text: Sonic

text: Arts

text: Union

text: was

text: collective

text: of

text: experimental

text: musicians

text: that

text: was

text: active

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: founding

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: were

text: Robert

text: Ashley

text: David

text: Behrman

text: Alvin

text: Lucier

text: and

text: Gordon

text: Mumma

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: had

text: worked

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: instrumental

text: performances

text: of

text: the

text: ONCE

text: festivals

text: They

text: initially

text: toured

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Sonic

text: Arts

text: Group

text: until

text: at

text: Ashley

text: 's

text: suggestion

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: Sonic

text: Arts

text: Union

text: A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose electronic computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use. PCs are intended to be operated directly by a person using a graphical user interface such as Windows. The versatility of a personal computer is greatly enhanced by the use of peripheral devices such as a keyboard, monitor, printer, mouse, speakers, and an external hard drive.

text: personal

text: computer

text: PC

text: is

text: multi

text: purpose

text: electronic

text: computer

text: whose

text: size

text: capabilities

text: and

text: price

text: make

text: it

text: feasible

text: for

text: individual

text: use

text: PCs

text: are

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: operated

text: directly

text: by

text: person

text: using

text: graphical

text: user

text: interface

text: such

text: as

text: Windows

text: The

text: versatility

text: of

text: personal

text: computer

text: is

text: greatly

text: enhanced

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: peripheral

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: keyboard

text: monitor

text: printer

text: mouse

text: speakers

text: and

text: an

text: external

text: hard

text: drive

text: An

text: electric

text: guitar

text: is

text: fretted

text: string

text: instrument

text: that

text: uses

text: pickup

text: to

text: convert

text: the

text: vibration

text: of

text: its

text: stringswhich

text: are

text: typically

text: made

text: of

text: steel

text: and

text: which

text: occurs

text: when

text: guitarist

text: strums

text: plucks

text: or

text: fingerpicks

text: the

text: stringsinto

text: electrical

text: signals

text: The

text: vibrations

text: of

text: the

text: strings

text: are

text: sensed

text: by

text: pickup

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: type

text: is

text: the

text: magnetic

text: pickup

text: which

text: uses

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: direct

text: electromagnetic

text: induction

text: The

text: signal

text: generated

text: by

text: an

text: electric

text: guitar

text: is

text: too

text: weak

text: to

text: drive

text: loudspeaker

text: so

text: it

text: is

text: plugged

text: into

text: guitar

text: amplifier

text: before

text: being

text: sent

text: to

text: loudspeaker

text: which

text: makes

text: sound

text: loud

text: enough

text: to

text: hear

text: The

text: output

text: of

text: an

text: electric

text: guitar

text: is

text: an

text: electric

text: signal

text: and

text: the

text: signal

text: can

text: easily

text: be

text: altered

text: by

text: electronic

text: circuits

text: to

text: add

text: color

text: to

text: the

text: sound

text: or

text: change

text: the

text: sound

text: Often

text: the

text: signal

text: is

text: modified

text: using

text: effects

text: such

text: as

text: reverb

text: and

text: distortion

text: and

text: overdrive

text: with

text: the

text: latter

text: being

text: key

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: sound

text: of

text: the

text: electric

text: guitar

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: blues

text: and

text: rock

text: music

text: Experimental music is a compositional practice defined broadly by exploratory sensibilites and movement radically opposed to and questioning of institutionalized musical compositional, performing, and aesthetic conventions . The practice became prominent in the mid-20th century, particularly in North America. John Cage was one of the earliest composers to use the term and one of experimental music's primary innovators, utilizing indeterminacy techniques and seeking unknown outcomes. In France, as early as 1953, Pierre Schaeffer had begun using the term """" to describe compositional activities that incorporated tape music, musique concrète, and elektronische Musik. Also, in America, a quite distinct sense of the term was used in the late 1950s to describe computer-controlled composition associated with composers such as Lejaren Hiller.

text: Experimental

text: music

text: is

text: compositional

text: practice

text: defined

text: broadly

text: by

text: exploratory

text: sensibilites

text: and

text: movement

text: radically

text: opposed

text: to

text: and

text: questioning

text: of

text: institutionalized

text: musical

text: compositional

text: performing

text: and

text: aesthetic

text: conventions

text: The

text: practice

text: became

text: prominent

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: particularly

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: John

text: Cage

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: composers

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: experimental

text: music

text: 's

text: primary

text: innovators

text: utilizing

text: indeterminacy

text: techniques

text: and

text: seeking

text: unknown

text: outcomes

text: In

text: France

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: Pierre

text: Schaeffer

text: had

text: begun

text: using

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: describe

text: compositional

text: activities

text: that

text: incorporated

text: tape

text: music

text: musique

text: concrète

text: and

text: elektronische

text: Musik

text: Also

text: in

text: America

text: quite

text: distinct

text: sense

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: to

text: describe

text: computer

text: controlled

text: composition

text: associated

text: with

text: composers

text: such

text: as

text: Lejaren

text: Hiller

text: An instrumental is a musical composition or recording without lyrics, or singing, although it might include some inarticulate vocals, such as shouted backup vocals in a Big Band setting. The music is primarily or exclusively produced by musical instruments. An instrumental can exist in music notation, after it is written by a composer; in the mind of the composer (especially in cases where the composer herself will perform the piece, as in the case of a blues solo guitarist or a folk music fiddle player); as a piece that is performed live by a single instrumentalist or a musical ensemble, which could range in size from a duo or trio to a large Big Band, concert band or orchestra.

text: An

text: instrumental

text: is

text: musical

text: composition

text: or

text: recording

text: without

text: lyrics

text: or

text: singing

text: although

text: it

text: might

text: include

text: some

text: inarticulate

text: vocals

text: such

text: as

text: shouted

text: backup

text: vocals

text: in

text: Big

text: Band

text: setting

text: The

text: music

text: is

text: primarily

text: or

text: exclusively

text: produced

text: by

text: musical

text: instruments

text: An

text: instrumental

text: can

text: exist

text: in

text: music

text: notation

text: after

text: it

text: is

text: written

text: by

text: composer

text: in

text: the

text: mind

text: of

text: the

text: composer

text: especially

text: in

text: cases

text: where

text: the

text: composer

text: herself

text: will

text: perform

text: the

text: piece

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: blues

text: solo

text: guitarist

text: or

text: folk

text: music

text: fiddle

text: player

text: as

text: piece

text: that

text: is

text: performed

text: live

text: by

text: single

text: instrumentalist

text: or

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: which

text: could

text: range

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: duo

text: or

text: trio

text: to

text: large

text: Big

text: Band

text: concert

text: band

text: or

text: orchestra

text: Samuel Goldwyn Productions was an American film production company founded by Samuel Goldwyn in 1923, and active through 1959. Personally controlled by Goldwyn and focused on production rather than distribution, the company developed into the most financially and critically successful independent production company in Hollywood's Golden Age.

text: Samuel

text: Goldwyn

text: Productions

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: production

text: company

text: founded

text: by

text: Samuel

text: Goldwyn

text: in

text: and

text: active

text: through

text: Personally

text: controlled

text: by

text: Goldwyn

text: and

text: focused

text: on

text: production

text: rather

text: than

text: distribution

text: the

text: company

text: developed

text: into

text: the

text: most

text: financially

text: and

text: critically

text: successful

text: independent

text: production

text: company

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: 's

text: Golden

text: Age

text: A mobile device (or handheld computer) is a small computing device, typically, small enough to hold and operate in the hand and having an operating system capable of running mobile apps. These may provide a diverse range of functions. Typically, the device will have a display screen with a small numeric or alphanumeric keyboard or a touchscreen providing a virtual keyboard and buttons (icons) on-screen. Many such devices can connect to the Internet and interconnect with other devices such as car entertainment systems or headsets via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or near field communication (NFC). Integrated cameras, digital media players, mobile phone and GPS capabilities are common. Power is typically provided by a lithium battery.

text: mobile

text: device

text: or

text: handheld

text: computer

text: is

text: small

text: computing

text: device

text: typically

text: small

text: enough

text: to

text: hold

text: and

text: operate

text: in

text: the

text: hand

text: and

text: having

text: an

text: operating

text: system

text: capable

text: of

text: running

text: mobile

text: apps

text: These

text: may

text: provide

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: functions

text: Typically

text: the

text: device

text: will

text: have

text: display

text: screen

text: with

text: small

text: numeric

text: or

text: alphanumeric

text: keyboard

text: or

text: touchscreen

text: providing

text: virtual

text: keyboard

text: and

text: buttons

text: icons

text: on

text: screen

text: Many

text: such

text: devices

text: can

text: connect

text: to

text: the

text: Internet

text: and

text: interconnect

text: with

text: other

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: car

text: entertainment

text: systems

text: or

text: headsets

text: via

text: Wi

text: Fi

text: Bluetooth

text: or

text: near

text: field

text: communication

text: NFC

text: Integrated

text: cameras

text: digital

text: media

text: players

text: mobile

text: phone

text: and

text: GPS

text: capabilities

text: are

text: common

text: Power

text: is

text: typically

text: provided

text: by

text: lithium

text: battery

text: Music notation or musical notation is any system used to visually represent aurally perceived music played with instruments or sung by the human voice through the use of written, printed, or otherwise-produced symbols, including ancient symbols or modern musical symbols and including ancient symbols cut into stone, made in clay tablets or made using a pen on papyrus, parchment or manuscript paper; printed using a printing press (ca. 1400s), a computer printer (ca. 1980s) or other printing or modern copying technology. Types and methods of notation have varied between cultures and throughout history, and much information about ancient music notation is fragmentary. Even in the same time period, such as in the 2010s, different styles of music and different cultures use different music notation methods; for example, for professional classical music performers, sheet music using staves and note heads is the most common way of notating music, but for professional country music session musicians, the Nashville Number System is the main method.

text: Music

text: notation

text: or

text: musical

text: notation

text: is

text: any

text: system

text: used

text: to

text: visually

text: represent

text: aurally

text: perceived

text: music

text: played

text: with

text: instruments

text: or

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: human

text: voice

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: written

text: printed

text: or

text: otherwise

text: produced

text: symbols

text: including

text: ancient

text: symbols

text: or

text: modern

text: musical

text: symbols

text: and

text: including

text: ancient

text: symbols

text: cut

text: into

text: stone

text: made

text: in

text: clay

text: tablets

text: or

text: made

text: using

text: pen

text: on

text: papyrus

text: parchment

text: or

text: manuscript

text: paper

text: printed

text: using

text: printing

text: press

text: ca

text: computer

text: printer

text: ca

text: or

text: other

text: printing

text: or

text: modern

text: copying

text: technology

text: Types

text: and

text: methods

text: of

text: notation

text: have

text: varied

text: between

text: cultures

text: and

text: throughout

text: history

text: and

text: much

text: information

text: about

text: ancient

text: music

text: notation

text: is

text: fragmentary

text: Even

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: period

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: different

text: styles

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: different

text: cultures

text: use

text: different

text: music

text: notation

text: methods

text: for

text: example

text: for

text: professional

text: classical

text: music

text: performers

text: sheet

text: music

text: using

text: staves

text: and

text: note

text: heads

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: way

text: of

text: notating

text: music

text: but

text: for

text: professional

text: country

text: music

text: session

text: musicians

text: the

text: Nashville

text: Number

text: System

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: method

question: place_of_birth david first

answer: philadelphia

text: philadelphia