text: The Irish Sea (, , , Ulster-Scots: "Airish Sea"), separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is connected to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland in the north by the North Channel. Anglesey is the largest island within the Irish Sea, followed by the Isle of Man. The sea is occasionally, but rarely, referred to as the Manx Sea.

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: Ulster

text: Scots

text: Airish

text: Sea

text: separates

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: St

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Inner

text: Seas

text: off

text: the

text: West

text: Coast

text: of

text: Scotland

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: Anglesey

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: within

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: occasionally

text: but

text: rarely

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Manx

text: Sea

text: The English Channel ("the Sleeve" [hence ] "Sea of Brittany" "British Sea"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the southern part of the North Sea to the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.

text: The

text: English

text: Channel

text: the

text: Sleeve

text: hence

text: Sea

text: of

text: Brittany

text: British

text: Sea

text: also

text: called

text: simply

text: the

text: Channel

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: that

text: separates

text: southern

text: England

text: from

text: northern

text: France

text: and

text: joins

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: The Solway Firth is a firth that forms part of the border between England and Scotland, between Cumbria (including the Solway Plain) and Dumfries and Galloway. It stretches from St Bees Head, just south of Whitehaven in Cumbria, to the Mull of Galloway, on the western end of Dumfries and Galloway. The Isle of Man is also very near to the firth. The firth comprises part of the Irish Sea.

text: The

text: Solway

text: Firth

text: is

text: firth

text: that

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: between

text: Cumbria

text: including

text: the

text: Solway

text: Plain

text: and

text: Dumfries

text: and

text: Galloway

text: It

text: stretches

text: from

text: St

text: Bees

text: Head

text: just

text: south

text: of

text: Whitehaven

text: in

text: Cumbria

text: to

text: the

text: Mull

text: of

text: Galloway

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: end

text: of

text: Dumfries

text: and

text: Galloway

text: The

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: is

text: also

text: very

text: near

text: to

text: the

text: firth

text: The

text: firth

text: comprises

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: The University of Edinburgh (abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals), founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's ancient universities. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city of Edinburgh, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: Edin

text: in

text: post

text: nominals

text: founded

text: in

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: oldest

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: Scotland

text: 's

text: ancient

text: universities

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: deeply

text: embedded

text: in

text: the

text: fabric

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: with

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: historic

text: Old

text: Town

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: university

text: John Craig ( 1663 -- October 11 , 1731 ) was a Scottish mathematician and theologian . Born in Dumfries and educated at the University of Edinburgh , he moved to England and became a vicar in the Church of England . A friend of Isaac Newton , he wrote several minor works about the new calculus . He is mainly known for his book Theologiae Christianae Principia Mathematica ( Mathematical Principles of Christian Theology ) , published in 1698 . In the aforementioned book , Craig presents a formula that describes how the probability of a historical event depends on the number of primary witnesses , on the chain of transmission through secondary witnesses , on the elapsed time and on the spatial distance . Using this formula , Craig derived that the probability of the story of Jesus would reach 0 in the year 3150 . This year he interpreted as the Second Coming of Christ because of verse 18:8 in the Gospel of Luke . His work was poorly received . Several later mathematicians complained about his imprecise use of probability and the unsupported derivation of his formula . Stephen Stigler , in his 1999 book ( see references , below ) gave a more favorable interpretation , pointing out that some of Craig 's reasoning can be justified if his `` probability '' is interpreted as the log - likelihood ratio . He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1711 .

text: John

text: Craig

text: October

text: was

text: Scottish

text: mathematician

text: and

text: theologian

text: Born

text: in

text: Dumfries

text: and

text: educated

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: he

text: moved

text: to

text: England

text: and

text: became

text: vicar

text: in

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: friend

text: of

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: he

text: wrote

text: several

text: minor

text: works

text: about

text: the

text: new

text: calculus

text: He

text: is

text: mainly

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: book

text: Theologiae

text: Christianae

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: Mathematical

text: Principles

text: of

text: Christian

text: Theology

text: published

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: book

text: Craig

text: presents

text: formula

text: that

text: describes

text: how

text: the

text: probability

text: of

text: historical

text: event

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: primary

text: witnesses

text: on

text: the

text: chain

text: of

text: transmission

text: through

text: secondary

text: witnesses

text: on

text: the

text: elapsed

text: time

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: spatial

text: distance

text: Using

text: this

text: formula

text: Craig

text: derived

text: that

text: the

text: probability

text: of

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: Jesus

text: would

text: reach

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: This

text: year

text: he

text: interpreted

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: Coming

text: of

text: Christ

text: because

text: of

text: verse

text: in

text: the

text: Gospel

text: of

text: Luke

text: His

text: work

text: was

text: poorly

text: received

text: Several

text: later

text: mathematicians

text: complained

text: about

text: his

text: imprecise

text: use

text: of

text: probability

text: and

text: the

text: unsupported

text: derivation

text: of

text: his

text: formula

text: Stephen

text: Stigler

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: see

text: references

text: below

text: gave

text: more

text: favorable

text: interpretation

text: pointing

text: out

text: that

text: some

text: of

text: Craig

text: 's

text: reasoning

text: can

text: be

text: justified

text: if

text: his

text: probability

text: is

text: interpreted

text: as

text: the

text: log

text: likelihood

text: ratio

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: Fellow

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: in

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: The Holy Roman Empire was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806. The largest territory of the empire after 962 was the Kingdom of Germany, though it also came to include the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Kingdom of Burgundy, the Kingdom of Italy, and numerous other territories.

text: The

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: complex

text: of

text: territories

text: in

text: central

text: Europe

text: that

text: developed

text: during

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: continued

text: until

text: its

text: dissolution

text: in

text: The

text: largest

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: after

text: was

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Germany

text: though

text: it

text: also

text: came

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Burgundy

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Italy

text: and

text: numerous

text: other

text: territories

text: Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of . Wales has over of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.

text: Wales

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: had

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Wales

text: has

text: over

text: of

text: coastline

text: and

text: is

text: largely

text: mountainous

text: with

text: its

text: higher

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: central

text: areas

text: including

text: Snowdon

text: its

text: highest

text: summit

text: The

text: country

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: north

text: temperate

text: zone

text: and

text: has

text: changeable

text: maritime

text: climate

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: The Celtic Sea (; ) is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded to the east by Saint George's Channel; other limits include the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, Devon, and Brittany. The southern and western boundaries are delimited by the continental shelf, which drops away sharply. The Isles of Scilly are an archipelago of small islands in the sea.

text: The

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: Ireland

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Saint

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: other

text: limits

text: include

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: adjacent

text: portions

text: of

text: Wales

text: Cornwall

text: Devon

text: and

text: Brittany

text: The

text: southern

text: and

text: western

text: boundaries

text: are

text: delimited

text: by

text: the

text: continental

text: shelf

text: which

text: drops

text: away

text: sharply

text: The

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: sea

text: Justin Portal Welby (born 6 January 1956) is the 105th Archbishop of Canterbury and the most senior bishop in the Church of England. Welby was the vicar of Southam, Warwickshire, and most recently was the Bishop of Durham, serving for just over a year. As Archbishop of Canterbury he is the Primate of All England and the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion.

text: Justin

text: Portal

text: Welby

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: the

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: bishop

text: in

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: Welby

text: was

text: the

text: vicar

text: of

text: Southam

text: Warwickshire

text: and

text: most

text: recently

text: was

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Durham

text: serving

text: for

text: just

text: over

text: year

text: As

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: he

text: is

text: the

text: Primate

text: of

text: All

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: symbolic

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: worldwide

text: Anglican

text: Communion

text: A vicar (Latin: "vicarius") is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, "vicar" is cognate with the English prefix "vice", similarly meaning "deputy". The title appears in a number of Christian ecclesiastical contexts, but also as an administrative title, or title modifier, in the Roman Empire. In addition, in the Holy Roman Empire a local representative of the emperor, perhaps an archduke, might be styled "vicar".

text: vicar

text: Latin

text: vicarius

text: is

text: representative

text: deputy

text: or

text: substitute

text: anyone

text: acting

text: in

text: the

text: person

text: of

text: or

text: agent

text: for

text: superior

text: compare

text: vicarious

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: at

text: second

text: hand

text: Linguistically

text: vicar

text: is

text: cognate

text: with

text: the

text: English

text: prefix

text: vice

text: similarly

text: meaning

text: deputy

text: The

text: title

text: appears

text: in

text: number

text: of

text: Christian

text: ecclesiastical

text: contexts

text: but

text: also

text: as

text: an

text: administrative

text: title

text: or

text: title

text: modifier

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: In

text: addition

text: in

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: local

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: emperor

text: perhaps

text: an

text: archduke

text: might

text: be

text: styled

text: vicar

text: Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 local government council areas. Located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, it is Scotland's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The 2014 official population estimates are 464,990 for the city of Edinburgh, 492,680 for the local authority area, and 1,339,380 for the city region as of 2014 (Edinburgh lies at the heart of the proposed Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region). Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is home to the Scottish Parliament and the seat of the monarchy in Scotland. The city is also the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. It is the largest financial centre in the UK after London.

text: Edinburgh

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: local

text: government

text: council

text: areas

text: Located

text: in

text: Lothian

text: on

text: the

text: Firth

text: of

text: Forth

text: 's

text: southern

text: shore

text: it

text: is

text: Scotland

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: official

text: population

text: estimates

text: are

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: for

text: the

text: local

text: authority

text: area

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: region

text: as

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: proposed

text: Edinburgh

text: and

text: South

text: East

text: Scotland

text: city

text: region

text: Recognised

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Scotland

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: Edinburgh

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: in

text: Scotland

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: annual

text: venue

text: of

text: the

text: General

text: Assembly

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: home

text: to

text: national

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Scotland

text: the

text: National

text: Library

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: the

text: Scottish

text: National

text: Gallery

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: financial

text: centre

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: after

text: London

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The Church of England (C of E) is the Anglican Christian state church of England. Headed by the Archbishop of Canterbury (currently Justin Welby) and primarily governed from London with the monarch as the supreme governor, the Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. The church dates its formal establishment as a national church to the 6th-century Gregorian mission in Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury, with considerable features introduced and established during and following the English Reformation in the 16th century.

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: of

text: is

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Christian

text: state

text: church

text: of

text: England

text: Headed

text: by

text: the

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: currently

text: Justin

text: Welby

text: and

text: primarily

text: governed

text: from

text: London

text: with

text: the

text: monarch

text: as

text: the

text: supreme

text: governor

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: mother

text: church

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: Anglican

text: Communion

text: The

text: church

text: dates

text: its

text: formal

text: establishment

text: as

text: national

text: church

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: Gregorian

text: mission

text: in

text: Kent

text: led

text: by

text: Augustine

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: with

text: considerable

text: features

text: introduced

text: and

text: established

text: during

text: and

text: following

text: the

text: English

text: Reformation

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The English Reformation was a series of events in 16th century England by which the Church of England broke away from the authority of the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church. These events were, in part, associated with the wider process of the European Protestant Reformation, a religious and political movement that affected the practice of Christianity across all of Europe during this period. Many factors contributed to the process: the decline of feudalism and the rise of nationalism, the rise of the common law, the invention of the printing press and increased circulation of the Bible, and the transmission of new knowledge and ideas among scholars, the upper and middle classes and readers in general. However, the various phases of the English Reformation, which also covered Wales and Ireland, were largely driven by changes in government policy, to which public opinion gradually accommodated itself.

text: The

text: English

text: Reformation

text: was

text: series

text: of

text: events

text: in

text: century

text: England

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: broke

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Pope

text: and

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: These

text: events

text: were

text: in

text: part

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: wider

text: process

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: religious

text: and

text: political

text: movement

text: that

text: affected

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: Christianity

text: across

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: Many

text: factors

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: process

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: feudalism

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: nationalism

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: law

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: the

text: printing

text: press

text: and

text: increased

text: circulation

text: of

text: the

text: Bible

text: and

text: the

text: transmission

text: of

text: new

text: knowledge

text: and

text: ideas

text: among

text: scholars

text: the

text: upper

text: and

text: middle

text: classes

text: and

text: readers

text: in

text: general

text: However

text: the

text: various

text: phases

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Reformation

text: which

text: also

text: covered

text: Wales

text: and

text: Ireland

text: were

text: largely

text: driven

text: by

text: changes

text: in

text: government

text: policy

text: to

text: which

text: public

text: opinion

text: gradually

text: accommodated

text: itself

text: Borders are geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Some borderssuch as a state's internal administrative border, or inter-state borders within the Schengen Areaare often open and completely unguarded. Other borders are partially or fully controlled, and may be crossed legally only at designated border checkpoints and border zones may be controlled. Mostly contentious, borders may even foster the setting up of buffer zones. A difference has also been established in academic scholarship between border and frontier, the latter denoting a state of mind rather than state boundaries.

text: Borders

text: are

text: geographic

text: boundaries

text: of

text: political

text: entities

text: or

text: legal

text: jurisdictions

text: such

text: as

text: governments

text: sovereign

text: states

text: federated

text: states

text: and

text: other

text: subnational

text: entities

text: Some

text: borderssuch

text: as

text: state

text: 's

text: internal

text: administrative

text: border

text: or

text: inter

text: state

text: borders

text: within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Areaare

text: often

text: open

text: and

text: completely

text: unguarded

text: Other

text: borders

text: are

text: partially

text: or

text: fully

text: controlled

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: crossed

text: legally

text: only

text: at

text: designated

text: border

text: checkpoints

text: and

text: border

text: zones

text: may

text: be

text: controlled

text: Mostly

text: contentious

text: borders

text: may

text: even

text: foster

text: the

text: setting

text: up

text: of

text: buffer

text: zones

text: difference

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: academic

text: scholarship

text: between

text: border

text: and

text: frontier

text: the

text: latter

text: denoting

text: state

text: of

text: mind

text: rather

text: than

text: state

text: boundaries

text:
Approximately 330 to 360 million people speak English as their first language.
More than half of these (231 million) live in the United States, followed by some 55 million in England, the first place where English was spoken.

text: Approximately

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: speak

text: English

text: as

text: their

text: first

text: language

text: More

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: these

text: million

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: followed

text: by

text: some

text: million

text: in

text: England

text: the

text: first

text: place

text: where

text: English

text: was

text: spoken

text: The Anglican Communion is an international association of autonomous churches consisting of the Church of England and national and regional Anglican churches ("provinces") in full communion with it. Full participation in the sacramental life of each church is available to all communicant Anglicans.

text: The

text: Anglican

text: Communion

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: association

text: of

text: autonomous

text: churches

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: national

text: and

text: regional

text: Anglican

text: churches

text: provinces

text: in

text: full

text: communion

text: with

text: it

text: Full

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: sacramental

text: life

text: of

text: each

text: church

text: is

text: available

text: to

text: all

text: communicant

text: Anglicans

text: Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.

text: Great

text: Britain

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Britain

text: is

text: large

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: northwest

text: coast

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: the

text: island

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: after

text: Java

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: Honshu

text: in

text: Japan

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: situated

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: it

text: and

text: together

text: these

text: islands

text: along

text: with

text: over

text: smaller

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: comprise

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: archipelago

text: The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest and second-most populous island in England. It is located in the English Channel, about 4 miles (6 km) off the coast of Hampshire, separated by the Solent. The island has resorts that have been holiday destinations since Victorian times, and is known for its mild climate, coastal scenery, and verdant landscape of fields, downland and chines.

text: The

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: is

text: county

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: in

text: England

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: about

text: miles

text: km

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Hampshire

text: separated

text: by

text: the

text: Solent

text: The

text: island

text: has

text: resorts

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: holiday

text: destinations

text: since

text: Victorian

text: times

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: mild

text: climate

text: coastal

text: scenery

text: and

text: verdant

text: landscape

text: of

text: fields

text: downland

text: and

text: chines

text: The Isles of Scilly (or "") are an archipelago off the south western tip of the Cornish peninsula of Great Britain. It is the southernmost location in England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most westerly in England.

text: The

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: or

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: off

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: Cornish

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: location

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: westerly

text: in

text: England

text: The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek:   , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Koine

text: and

text: Medieval

text: Greek

text: tr

text: was

text: the

text: post

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: civilization

text: characterized

text: by

text: government

text: headed

text: by

text: emperors

text: and

text: large

text: territorial

text: holdings

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: BC

text: AD

text: with

text: Constantinople

text: New

text: Rome

text: becoming

text: the

text: largest

text: around

text: AD

text: and

text: the

text: Empire

text: 's

text: populace

text: grew

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: roughly

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: old

text: republic

text: which

text: preceded

text: it

text: was

text: severely

text: destabilized

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: civil

text: wars

text: and

text: political

text: conflict

text: during

text: which

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: appointed

text: as

text: perpetual

text: dictator

text: and

text: then

text: assassinated

text: in

text: BC

text: Civil

text: wars

text: and

text: executions

text: continued

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: victory

text: of

text: Octavian

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: adopted

text: son

text: over

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: and

text: Cleopatra

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Octavian

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: then

text: unassailable

text: and

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Roman

text: Senate

text: formally

text: granted

text: him

text: overarching

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: title

text: Augustus

text: effectively

text: marking

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or "shelf") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, with an area of around .

text: The

text: North

text: Sea

text: is

text: marginal

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: located

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Scandinavia

text: Germany

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Belgium

text: and

text: France

text: An

text: epeiric

text: or

text: shelf

text: sea

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continental

text: shelf

text: it

text: connects

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: through

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: around

text: The Archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justin Welby. His enthronement took place at Canterbury Cathedral on 21 March 2013. Welby is the 105th in a line which goes back more than 1400 years to Augustine of Canterbury, the "Apostle to the English", sent from Rome in the year 597. Welby succeeded Rowan Williams.

text: The

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: is

text: the

text: senior

text: bishop

text: and

text: principal

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: England

text: the

text: symbolic

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: worldwide

text: Anglican

text: Communion

text: and

text: the

text: diocesan

text: bishop

text: of

text: the

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: The

text: current

text: archbishop

text: is

text: Justin

text: Welby

text: His

text: enthronement

text: took

text: place

text: at

text: Canterbury

text: Cathedral

text: on

text: March

text: Welby

text: is

text: the

text: in

text: line

text: which

text: goes

text: back

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: to

text: Augustine

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: the

text: Apostle

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: sent

text: from

text: Rome

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: Welby

text: succeeded

text: Rowan

text: Williams

text: Dumfriesshire or the County of Dumfries ("Siorrachd Dhùn Phris" in Gaelic) is lieutenancy area and historic county of Scotland.

text: Dumfriesshire

text: or

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Dumfries

text: Siorrachd

text: Dhùn

text: Phris

text: in

text: Gaelic

text: is

text: lieutenancy

text: area

text: and

text: historic

text: county

text: of

text: Scotland

text: Dumfries and Galloway is one of 32 unitary council areas of Scotland and is located in the western Southern Uplands. It comprises the historic counties of Dumfriesshire, Stewartry of Kirkcudbright and Wigtownshire, the latter two of which are collectively known as Galloway. The administrative centre is the town of Dumfries.

text: Dumfries

text: and

text: Galloway

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: unitary

text: council

text: areas

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Southern

text: Uplands

text: It

text: comprises

text: the

text: historic

text: counties

text: of

text: Dumfriesshire

text: Stewartry

text: of

text: Kirkcudbright

text: and

text: Wigtownshire

text: the

text: latter

text: two

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: Galloway

text: The

text: administrative

text: centre

text: is

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Dumfries

text: Dumfries (; possibly from ) is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland. It is near the mouth of the River Nith into the Solway Firth. Dumfries was a civil parish and became the county town of the former county of Dumfriesshire. Dumfries is nicknamed "Queen of the South". People from Dumfries are known colloquially as "Doonhamers".

text: Dumfries

text: possibly

text: from

text: is

text: market

text: town

text: and

text: former

text: royal

text: burgh

text: within

text: the

text: Dumfries

text: and

text: Galloway

text: council

text: area

text: of

text: Scotland

text: It

text: is

text: near

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Nith

text: into

text: the

text: Solway

text: Firth

text: Dumfries

text: was

text: civil

text: parish

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: county

text: of

text: Dumfriesshire

text: Dumfries

text: is

text: nicknamed

text: Queen

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: People

text: from

text: Dumfries

text: are

text: known

text: colloquially

text: as

text: Doonhamers

text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: Archduke (feminine: Archduchess; German: "Erzherzog", feminine form: "Erzherzogin") was the title borne from 1358 by the Habsburg rulers of the Archduchy of Austria, and later by all senior members of that dynasty. It denotes a rank within the former Holy Roman Empire (9621806), which was below that of Emperor and King and above that of (debatably) a Grand Duke, Duke and Prince.

text: Archduke

text: feminine

text: Archduchess

text: German

text: Erzherzog

text: feminine

text: form

text: Erzherzogin

text: was

text: the

text: title

text: borne

text: from

text: by

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: rulers

text: of

text: the

text: Archduchy

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: later

text: by

text: all

text: senior

text: members

text: of

text: that

text: dynasty

text: It

text: denotes

text: rank

text: within

text: the

text: former

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: which

text: was

text: below

text: that

text: of

text: Emperor

text: and

text: King

text: and

text: above

text: that

text: of

text: debatably

text: Grand

text: Duke

text: Duke

text: and

text: Prince

text: Canterbury (, or ) is a historic English cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour.

text: Canterbury

text: or

text: is

text: historic

text: English

text: cathedral

text: city

text: and

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: which

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: local

text: government

text: district

text: of

text: Kent

text: England

text: It

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Stour

text: The River Nith is a river in South West Scotland.

text: The

text: River

text: Nith

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: Scotland

question: country_of_citizenship john craig

answer: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland


text: The Doge of Venice (; all derived from Latin ', "military leader"), sometimes translated as Duke (compare the Italian '), was the chief magistrate and leader of the Most Serene Republic of Venice for 1,100 years (697-1797).

text: The

text: Doge

text: of

text: Venice

text: all

text: derived

text: from

text: Latin

text: military

text: leader

text: sometimes

text: translated

text: as

text: Duke

text: compare

text: the

text: Italian

text: was

text: the

text: chief

text: magistrate

text: and

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Most

text: Serene

text: Republic

text: of

text: Venice

text: for

text: years

text: Jacopo or Giacomo Tiepolo (born at Venice and died 19 July 1249 at Venice) was Doge of Venice from 6 March 1229 to 2 May 1249. He had previously served as the first Venetian duke of Crete, and two terms as podestà in Constantinople (1218-1220 and 1224-1227). During his first term, following the capture and mysterious end of Peter of Courtenay, Tiepolo acted as "de facto" ruler of the Latin Empire, negotiating treaties on behalf of the Empire with Egypt and the Seljuk Turks.

text: Jacopo

text: or

text: Giacomo

text: Tiepolo

text: born

text: at

text: Venice

text: and

text: died

text: July

text: at

text: Venice

text: was

text: Doge

text: of

text: Venice

text: from

text: March

text: to

text: May

text: He

text: had

text: previously

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: Venetian

text: duke

text: of

text: Crete

text: and

text: two

text: terms

text: as

text: podestà

text: in

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: During

text: his

text: first

text: term

text: following

text: the

text: capture

text: and

text: mysterious

text: end

text: of

text: Peter

text: of

text: Courtenay

text: Tiepolo

text: acted

text: as

text: de

text: facto

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: Empire

text: negotiating

text: treaties

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: with

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Seljuk

text: Turks

text: Torcello is a sparsely populated island at the northern end of the Venetian Lagoon, in north-eastern Italy. It is the oldest continuously populated region of Venice, and once held the largest population of the Republic of Venice.

text: Torcello

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: island

text: at

text: the

text: northern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Venetian

text: Lagoon

text: in

text: north

text: eastern

text: Italy

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: continuously

text: populated

text: region

text: of

text: Venice

text: and

text: once

text: held

text: the

text: largest

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Venice

text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: The Venetian Lagoon is an enclosed bay of the Adriatic Sea, in northern Italy, in which the city of Venice is situated. Its name in the Italian and Venetian languages, 'cognate of Latin ', "lake"has provided the international name for an enclosed, shallow embayment of salt water, a lagoon.

text: The

text: Venetian

text: Lagoon

text: is

text: an

text: enclosed

text: bay

text: of

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: in

text: northern

text: Italy

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Venice

text: is

text: situated

text: Its

text: name

text: in

text: the

text: Italian

text: and

text: Venetian

text: languages

text: cognate

text: of

text: Latin

text: lake"has

text: provided

text: the

text: international

text: name

text: for

text: an

text: enclosed

text: shallow

text: embayment

text: of

text: salt

text: water

text: lagoon

text: Francesco Dandolo (died 1339) was the 52nd Doge of Venice. He ruled from 1329 to 1339. During his reign Venice began its policy of extending its territory on the Italian mainland.

text: Francesco

text: Dandolo

text: died

text: was

text: the

text: Doge

text: of

text: Venice

text: He

text: ruled

text: from

text: to

text: During

text: his

text: reign

text: Venice

text: began

text: its

text: policy

text: of

text: extending

text: its

text: territory

text: on

text: the

text: Italian

text: mainland

text: Veneto (or ) or Venetia (  more specifically "") is one of the twenty regions of Italy. Its population is about five million, ranking fifth in Italy. The region's capital and largest city is Venice.

text: Veneto

text: or

text: or

text: Venetia

text: more

text: specifically

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: twenty

text: regions

text: of

text: Italy

text: Its

text: population

text: is

text: about

text: five

text: million

text: ranking

text: fifth

text: in

text: Italy

text: The

text: region

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Venice

text: Giovanni Soranzo ( born Burano , 1240 - died Venice , December 31 , 1328 ) was a Venetian statesman who served as the 51st Doge of Venice . He ascended to the position on July 13 , 1312 , and served until his death . Soranzo was a member of a noble family ; he was married to Franchesina . In 1310 his son - in - law , Niccolo ' Querini was exiled for life from Venice for taking part in Bajamonte Tiepolo 's conspiracy to overthrow the state . Soranzo was succeeded as Doge by Francesco Dandolo .

text: Giovanni

text: Soranzo

text: born

text: Burano

text: died

text: Venice

text: December

text: was

text: Venetian

text: statesman

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Doge

text: of

text: Venice

text: He

text: ascended

text: to

text: the

text: position

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: served

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: Soranzo

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: noble

text: family

text: he

text: was

text: married

text: to

text: Franchesina

text: In

text: his

text: son

text: in

text: law

text: Niccolo

text: Querini

text: was

text: exiled

text: for

text: life

text: from

text: Venice

text: for

text: taking

text: part

text: in

text: Bajamonte

text: Tiepolo

text: 's

text: conspiracy

text: to

text: overthrow

text: the

text: state

text: Soranzo

text: was

text: succeeded

text: as

text: Doge

text: by

text: Francesco

text: Dandolo

text: Lorenzo Tiepolo (died August 15, 1275) was Doge of Venice from 1268 until his death.

text: Lorenzo

text: Tiepolo

text: died

text: August

text: was

text: Doge

text: of

text: Venice

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: Bajamonte Tiepolo (died after 1329) was a Venetian noble, great-grandson of Doge Jacopo Tiepolo, grandson of Doge Lorenzo Tiepolo, son of Giacomo Tiepolo. Bajamonte's wife was the Princess of Rascia. Marco Querini, a fellow conspirator, was his father-in-law.

text: Bajamonte

text: Tiepolo

text: died

text: after

text: was

text: Venetian

text: noble

text: great

text: grandson

text: of

text: Doge

text: Jacopo

text: Tiepolo

text: grandson

text: of

text: Doge

text: Lorenzo

text: Tiepolo

text: son

text: of

text: Giacomo

text: Tiepolo

text: Bajamonte

text: 's

text: wife

text: was

text: the

text: Princess

text: of

text: Rascia

text: Marco

text: Querini

text: fellow

text: conspirator

text: was

text: his

text: father

text: in

text: law

text: Venice (; ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is situated across a group of 117 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by bridges. These are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a World Heritage Site.

text: Venice

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Italy

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Veneto

text: region

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: across

text: group

text: of

text: small

text: islands

text: that

text: are

text: separated

text: by

text: canals

text: and

text: linked

text: by

text: bridges

text: These

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: shallow

text: Venetian

text: Lagoon

text: an

text: enclosed

text: bay

text: that

text: lies

text: between

text: the

text: mouths

text: of

text: the

text: Po

text: and

text: the

text: Piave

text: Rivers

text: Parts

text: of

text: Venice

text: are

text: renowned

text: for

text: the

text: beauty

text: of

text: their

text: settings

text: their

text: architecture

text: and

text: artwork

text: The

text: lagoon

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: are

text: listed

text: as

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.

text: An

text: island

text: or

text: isle

text: is

text: any

text: piece

text: of

text: sub

text: continental

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: water

text: Very

text: small

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: emergent

text: land

text: features

text: on

text: atolls

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: islets

text: skerries

text: cays

text: or

text: keys

text: An

text: island

text: in

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: island

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: eyot

text: or

text: ait

text: and

text: small

text: island

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: holm

text: grouping

text: of

text: geographically

text: or

text: geologically

text: related

text: islands

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: archipelago

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Burano is an island in the Venetian Lagoon, northern Italy; like Venice itself, it could more correctly be called an archipelago of four islands linked by bridges. It is situated near Torcello at the northern end of the Lagoon, and is known for its lace work and brightly coloured homes.

text: Burano

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Venetian

text: Lagoon

text: northern

text: Italy

text: like

text: Venice

text: itself

text: it

text: could

text: more

text: correctly

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: four

text: islands

text: linked

text: by

text: bridges

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: near

text: Torcello

text: at

text: the

text: northern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Lagoon

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: lace

text: work

text: and

text: brightly

text: coloured

text: homes

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: country_of_citizenship giovanni soranzo

answer: republic of venice

text: republic of venice

text: republic of venice


text: Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, a family that includes small or medium-size rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including woodchucks), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs amongst other rodents. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and were introduced by humans to Australia. The earliest known squirrels date from the Eocene period and are most closely related to the mountain beaver and to the dormouse among other living rodent families.

text: Squirrels

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Sciuridae

text: family

text: that

text: includes

text: small

text: or

text: medium

text: size

text: rodents

text: The

text: squirrel

text: family

text: includes

text: tree

text: squirrels

text: ground

text: squirrels

text: chipmunks

text: marmots

text: including

text: woodchucks

text: flying

text: squirrels

text: and

text: prairie

text: dogs

text: amongst

text: other

text: rodents

text: Squirrels

text: are

text: indigenous

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: Eurasia

text: and

text: Africa

text: and

text: were

text: introduced

text: by

text: humans

text: to

text: Australia

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: squirrels

text: date

text: from

text: the

text: Eocene

text: period

text: and

text: are

text: most

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: mountain

text: beaver

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: dormouse

text: among

text: other

text: living

text: rodent

text: families

text: Best Ed is a Canadian animated television series created by Rick Marshall . The series premiered in 2008 on Teletoon . The series chronicles the adventures of an excessively helpful and enthusiastic dog named Ed and his best friend , Doug the squirrel , whom everyone calls `` Buddy '' because Ed refers to him as best buddy . They live in their fictional hometown of Swellville . Best Ed is produced by 9 Story Entertainment and animated using Adobe Flash software .

text: Best

text: Ed

text: is

text: Canadian

text: animated

text: television

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: Rick

text: Marshall

text: The

text: series

text: premiered

text: in

text: on

text: Teletoon

text: The

text: series

text: chronicles

text: the

text: adventures

text: of

text: an

text: excessively

text: helpful

text: and

text: enthusiastic

text: dog

text: named

text: Ed

text: and

text: his

text: best

text: friend

text: Doug

text: the

text: squirrel

text: whom

text: everyone

text: calls

text: Buddy

text: because

text: Ed

text: refers

text: to

text: him

text: as

text: best

text: buddy

text: They

text: live

text: in

text: their

text: fictional

text: hometown

text: of

text: Swellville

text: Best

text: Ed

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: Story

text: Entertainment

text: and

text: animated

text: using

text: Adobe

text: Flash

text: software

text: Prairie dogs (genus Cynomys) are herbivorous burrowing rodents native to the grasslands of North America. The five species are: black-tailed, white-tailed, Gunnison's, Utah, and Mexican prairie dogs. They are a type of ground squirrel, found in the United States, Canada and Mexico. In Mexico, prairie dogs are found primarily in the northern states, which lie at the southern end of the Great Plains: northeastern Sonora, north and northeastern Chihuahua, northern Coahuila, northern Nuevo León, and northern Tamaulipas. In the United States, they range primarily to the west of the Mississippi River, though they have also been introduced in a few eastern locales. Despite the name, they are not canines.

text: Prairie

text: dogs

text: genus

text: Cynomys

text: are

text: herbivorous

text: burrowing

text: rodents

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: grasslands

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: five

text: species

text: are

text: black

text: tailed

text: white

text: tailed

text: Gunnison

text: 's

text: Utah

text: and

text: Mexican

text: prairie

text: dogs

text: They

text: are

text: type

text: of

text: ground

text: squirrel

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Canada

text: and

text: Mexico

text: In

text: Mexico

text: prairie

text: dogs

text: are

text: found

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: states

text: which

text: lie

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: northeastern

text: Sonora

text: north

text: and

text: northeastern

text: Chihuahua

text: northern

text: Coahuila

text: northern

text: Nuevo

text: León

text: and

text: northern

text: Tamaulipas

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: they

text: range

text: primarily

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: though

text: they

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: introduced

text: in

text: few

text: eastern

text: locales

text: Despite

text: the

text: name

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: canines

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: Tree squirrels are the members of the squirrel family (Sciuridae) most commonly referred to as "squirrels". They include over a hundred primarily tree-dwelling species, native to all continents except Antarctica and Australia. They do not form a single natural, or monophyletic, group, but instead are related to the various other animals in the squirrel family, including ground squirrels, flying squirrels, marmots, and chipmunks. The defining characteristic that is used to determine which of the various species of Sciuridae are tree squirrels is therefore not so dependent on their physiology, but their habitat. Tree squirrels live mostly among trees, as opposed to other squirrels that live in burrows in the ground or among rocks. However, there is one exception to this rule, as physiological distinction does make a difference in regard to flying squirrels, who also make their home in trees, but have unique physical characteristics that separate them from their tree squirrel cousins (specifically, special flaps of skin that act as glider wings, allowing them to "fly").

text: Tree

text: squirrels

text: are

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: squirrel

text: family

text: Sciuridae

text: most

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: squirrels

text: They

text: include

text: over

text: hundred

text: primarily

text: tree

text: dwelling

text: species

text: native

text: to

text: all

text: continents

text: except

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: Australia

text: They

text: do

text: not

text: form

text: single

text: natural

text: or

text: monophyletic

text: group

text: but

text: instead

text: are

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: various

text: other

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: squirrel

text: family

text: including

text: ground

text: squirrels

text: flying

text: squirrels

text: marmots

text: and

text: chipmunks

text: The

text: defining

text: characteristic

text: that

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: determine

text: which

text: of

text: the

text: various

text: species

text: of

text: Sciuridae

text: are

text: tree

text: squirrels

text: is

text: therefore

text: not

text: so

text: dependent

text: on

text: their

text: physiology

text: but

text: their

text: habitat

text: Tree

text: squirrels

text: live

text: mostly

text: among

text: trees

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: other

text: squirrels

text: that

text: live

text: in

text: burrows

text: in

text: the

text: ground

text: or

text: among

text: rocks

text: However

text: there

text: is

text: one

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: rule

text: as

text: physiological

text: distinction

text: does

text: make

text: difference

text: in

text: regard

text: to

text: flying

text: squirrels

text: who

text: also

text: make

text: their

text: home

text: in

text: trees

text: but

text: have

text: unique

text: physical

text: characteristics

text: that

text: separate

text: them

text: from

text: their

text: tree

text: squirrel

text: cousins

text: specifically

text: special

text: flaps

text: of

text: skin

text: that

text: act

text: as

text: glider

text: wings

text: allowing

text: them

text: to

text: fly

text: The dormouse is a rodent of the family Gliridae (this family is also variously called Myoxidae or Muscardinidae by different taxonomists). Dormice are mostly found in Europe, although some live in Africa and Asia. They are particularly known for their long periods of hibernation. As only one species of dormouse is native to the British Isles, in everyday English usage "dormouse" can refer either to that one species (the hazel dormouse) or to the family as a whole.

text: The

text: dormouse

text: is

text: rodent

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Gliridae

text: this

text: family

text: is

text: also

text: variously

text: called

text: Myoxidae

text: or

text: Muscardinidae

text: by

text: different

text: taxonomists

text: Dormice

text: are

text: mostly

text: found

text: in

text: Europe

text: although

text: some

text: live

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: They

text: are

text: particularly

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: long

text: periods

text: of

text: hibernation

text: As

text: only

text: one

text: species

text: of

text: dormouse

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: in

text: everyday

text: English

text: usage

text: dormouse

text: can

text: refer

text: either

text: to

text: that

text: one

text: species

text: the

text: hazel

text: dormouse

text: or

text: to

text: the

text: family

text: as

text: whole

text: Marmots are large squirrels in the genus Marmota, of which there are 15 species. Some species live in mountainous areas, such as the Alps, northern Apennines, Carpathians, Tatras, and Pyrenees in Europe and northwestern Asia; the Rocky Mountains, Black Hills, the Cascade and Pacific Ranges, and the Sierra Nevada in North America; and the Deosai Plateau in Pakistan and Ladakh in India. Other species prefer rough grassland and can be found widely across North America and the Eurasian Steppe. The similarly-sized but more social prairie dog is not classified in the genus "Marmota" but in the related genus "Cynomys".

text: Marmots

text: are

text: large

text: squirrels

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Marmota

text: of

text: which

text: there

text: are

text: species

text: Some

text: species

text: live

text: in

text: mountainous

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Alps

text: northern

text: Apennines

text: Carpathians

text: Tatras

text: and

text: Pyrenees

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: northwestern

text: Asia

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: Black

text: Hills

text: the

text: Cascade

text: and

text: Pacific

text: Ranges

text: and

text: the

text: Sierra

text: Nevada

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Deosai

text: Plateau

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Ladakh

text: in

text: India

text: Other

text: species

text: prefer

text: rough

text: grassland

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: widely

text: across

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: Steppe

text: The

text: similarly

text: sized

text: but

text: more

text: social

text: prairie

text: dog

text: is

text: not

text: classified

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Marmota

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: related

text: genus

text: Cynomys

question: country_of_origin best ed

answer: canada

text: canada