text: The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Makran or Sea of Oman ("aldj Umn"; in Balochi:   in "Khaleej Oman") is a strait (and not an actual gulf) that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Pakistan and Iran on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: or

text: Sea

text: of

text: Makran

text: or

text: Sea

text: of

text: Oman

text: aldj

text: Umn

text: in

text: Balochi

text: in

text: Khaleej

text: Oman

text: is

text: strait

text: and

text: not

text: an

text: actual

text: gulf

text: that

text: connects

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: with

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: which

text: then

text: runs

text: to

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: It

text: borders

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Iran

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Oman

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the "de facto" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.

text: Iran

text: also

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Persia

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iran

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Armenia

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Iraq

text: Comprising

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Iran

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: with

text: both

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: and

text: an

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coastline

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: central

text: location

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: make

text: it

text: of

text: great

text: geostrategic

text: importance

text: Tehran

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: leading

text: economic

text: center

text: Oman (; ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman, is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, the nation is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest, and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.

text: Oman

text: officially

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Oman

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: Holding

text: strategically

text: important

text: position

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: the

text: nation

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Yemen

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: shares

text: marine

text: borders

text: with

text: Iran

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: The

text: coast

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: on

text: the

text: northeast

text: The

text: Madha

text: and

text: Musandam

text: exclaves

text: are

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: UAE

text: on

text: their

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: which

text: it

text: shares

text: with

text: Iran

text: and

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: forming

text: Musandam

text: 's

text: coastal

text: boundaries

text: Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.

text: Turkey

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Turkish

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: mainly

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: with

text: smaller

text: portion

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Turkey

text: is

text: democratic

text: secular

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: with

text: diverse

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: Turkey

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: eight

text: countries

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Armenia

text: the

text: Azerbaijani

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: which

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: divide

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: they

text: also

text: separate

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: location

text: has

text: given

text: it

text: geopolitical

text: and

text: strategic

text: importance

text: throughout

text: history

text: Turkmenistan (or  ); formerly known as Turkmenia is a country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.

text: Turkmenistan

text: or

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Turkmenia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Kazakhstan

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Uzbekistan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.

text: Pakistan

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: on

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: population

text: exceeding

text: million

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: covering

text: Pakistan

text: has

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: respectively

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Tajikistan

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: 's

text: narrow

text: Wakhan

text: Corridor

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: also

text: shares

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Oman

text: Nagorno-Karabakh, officially the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (NKR; "Lernayin Gharabaghi Hanrapetut'yun"), Artsakh Republic or Republic of Artsakh ("Arts'akhi Hanrapetut'yun"), is an unrecognised republic in the South Caucasus. The region is considered by the UN to be part of Azerbaijan, but is under the control of ethnic Armenian separatists. The NKR controls most of the territory of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast and some of the surrounding area, giving it a border with Armenia to the west, Iran to the south, and the uncontested territory of Azerbaijan to the north and east.

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: officially

text: the

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: NKR

text: Lernayin

text: Gharabaghi

text: Hanrapetut'yun

text: Artsakh

text: Republic

text: or

text: Republic

text: of

text: Artsakh

text: Arts'akhi

text: Hanrapetut'yun

text: is

text: an

text: unrecognised

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Caucasus

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: the

text: UN

text: to

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: but

text: is

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: ethnic

text: Armenian

text: separatists

text: The

text: NKR

text: controls

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Autonomous

text: Oblast

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: area

text: giving

text: it

text: border

text: with

text: Armenia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: uncontested

text: territory

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Malayer County is a county in Hamadan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Malayer. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 285,272, in 73,755 families. The county is subdivided into four districts: the Central District, Zand District, Samen District, and Jowkar District. The county has five cities: Malayer, Azandarian, Jowkar, Samen, and Zangeneh.

text: Malayer

text: County

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: Hamadan

text: Province

text: in

text: Iran

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: is

text: Malayer

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: county

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: families

text: The

text: county

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: four

text: districts

text: the

text: Central

text: District

text: Zand

text: District

text: Samen

text: District

text: and

text: Jowkar

text: District

text: The

text: county

text: has

text: five

text: cities

text: Malayer

text: Azandarian

text: Jowkar

text: Samen

text: and

text: Zangeneh

text: Lorestan Province (also written Luristan, Lurestan, or Loristan, is a province of western Iran in the Zagros Mountains. The population of Lorestan was estimated at 1,716,527 people in 2006. In 2014 it was placed in Region 4.

text: Lorestan

text: Province

text: also

text: written

text: Luristan

text: Lurestan

text: or

text: Loristan

text: is

text: province

text: of

text: western

text: Iran

text: in

text: the

text: Zagros

text: Mountains

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: Lorestan

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: people

text: in

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: placed

text: in

text: Region

text: Barzul (also Romanized as Barzl) is a city in and capital of Zarrin Dasht District, in Nahavand County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,729, in 728 families.

text: Barzul

text: also

text: Romanized

text: as

text: Barzl

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: and

text: capital

text: of

text: Zarrin

text: Dasht

text: District

text: in

text: Nahavand

text: County

text: Hamadan

text: Province

text: Iran

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: families

text: Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia. The concept is in limited use, as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East (or Near East), the main difference being the exclusion of Egypt (which would be counted as part of North Africa). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics.

text: Western

text: Asia

text: West

text: Asia

text: Southwestern

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southwest

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: subregion

text: of

text: Asia

text: The

text: concept

text: is

text: in

text: limited

text: use

text: as

text: it

text: significantly

text: overlaps

text: with

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: or

text: Near

text: East

text: the

text: main

text: difference

text: being

text: the

text: exclusion

text: of

text: Egypt

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: counted

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: grouping

text: countries

text: in

text: statistics

text: The Middle East is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and Egypt. The corresponding adjective is "Middle-Eastern" and the derived noun is "Middle-Easterner". The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to Far East) beginning in the early 20th century.

text: The

text: Middle

text: East

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: region

text: centered

text: on

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: Egypt

text: The

text: corresponding

text: adjective

text: is

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: and

text: the

text: derived

text: noun

text: is

text: Middle

text: Easterner

text: The

text: term

text: has

text: come

text: into

text: wider

text: usage

text: as

text: replacement

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Near

text: East

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: Far

text: East

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Borujerd is a city in and capital of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province in western Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 227,547 in 59,388 families. Among the existing modern cities in Iran, Borujerd is one of the oldest reported at least since the 9th century. In Sassanid Empire, Borujerd was a small town and region neighboring Nahavand. Gaining more attention during Great Seljuq Empire in the 9th and 10th centuries, Borujerd stood as an industrial, commercial and strategic city in Zagros Mountains until the 20th century. In its golden ages, Borujerd was selected as the state capital of Lorestan and Khuzestan region during Qajar dynasty in the 18th and 19th centuries.

text: Borujerd

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: and

text: capital

text: of

text: Borujerd

text: County

text: Lorestan

text: Province

text: in

text: western

text: Iran

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: families

text: Among

text: the

text: existing

text: modern

text: cities

text: in

text: Iran

text: Borujerd

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: reported

text: at

text: least

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: Sassanid

text: Empire

text: Borujerd

text: was

text: small

text: town

text: and

text: region

text: neighboring

text: Nahavand

text: Gaining

text: more

text: attention

text: during

text: Great

text: Seljuq

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: Borujerd

text: stood

text: as

text: an

text: industrial

text: commercial

text: and

text: strategic

text: city

text: in

text: Zagros

text: Mountains

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: its

text: golden

text: ages

text: Borujerd

text: was

text: selected

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: of

text: Lorestan

text: and

text: Khuzestan

text: region

text: during

text: Qajar

text: dynasty

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Oman) through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline.

text: The

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: is

text: mediterranean

text: sea

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: The

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: is

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: through

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: and

text: lies

text: between

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: Shatt

text: al

text: Arab

text: river

text: delta

text: forms

text: the

text: northwest

text: shoreline

text: Giyan (also Romanized as Gyn; also known as Kn, Qn, and Qayn) is a city in and capital of Giyan District, in Nahavand County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 8,062, in 1,999 families.

text: Giyan

text: also

text: Romanized

text: as

text: Gyn

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Kn

text: Qn

text: and

text: Qayn

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: and

text: capital

text: of

text: Giyan

text: District

text: in

text: Nahavand

text: County

text: Hamadan

text: Province

text: Iran

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: families

text: Borujerd County is a county in Lorestan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Borujerd. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 320,547, in 82,676 families. The county is subdivided into two districts: the Central District and Oshtorinan District. The county has two cities: Borujerd and Oshtorinan.

text: Borujerd

text: County

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: Lorestan

text: Province

text: in

text: Iran

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: is

text: Borujerd

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: county

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: families

text: The

text: county

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: two

text: districts

text: the

text: Central

text: District

text: and

text: Oshtorinan

text: District

text: The

text: county

text: has

text: two

text: cities

text: Borujerd

text: and

text: Oshtorinan

text: Hamadan Province, is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its center is Hamadan city. The province of Hamadan covers an area of 19,546 km². In the year 1996, Hamadan province had a population of approximately 1.7 million people; according to the National Census held in 2011 the population of the Province was 1758268 people. In 2014 it was placed in Region 4.

text: Hamadan

text: Province

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Iran

text: Its

text: center

text: is

text: Hamadan

text: city

text: The

text: province

text: of

text: Hamadan

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: year

text: Hamadan

text: province

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Census

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Province

text: was

text: people

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: placed

text: in

text: Region

text: Firuzan (also Romanized as Frzn) is a city in and capital of Khezel District, in Nahavand County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,054, in 1,069 families.

text: Firuzan

text: also

text: Romanized

text: as

text: Frzn

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: and

text: capital

text: of

text: Khezel

text: District

text: in

text: Nahavand

text: County

text: Hamadan

text: Province

text: Iran

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: families

text: Armenia ( tr. "Hayastan"), officially the Republic of Armenia (tr. "Hayastani Hanrapetutyun"), is a sovereign state in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located in Western Asia on the "Armenian Highlands", it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Russia and Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and Azerbaijan's exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.

text: Armenia

text: tr

text: Hayastan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Armenia

text: tr

text: Hayastani

text: Hanrapetutyun

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Caucasus

text: region

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Located

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Highlands

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Russia

text: and

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iran

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: 's

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the "sunnah", composed of accounts called "hadith") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.

text: Islam

text: is

text: religion

text: articulated

text: by

text: the

text: Quran

text: text

text: considered

text: by

text: its

text: adherents

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: verbatim

text: word

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: adherents

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: normative

text: example

text: called

text: the

text: sunnah

text: composed

text: of

text: accounts

text: called

text: hadith

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: June

text: CE

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: major

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: followers

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: Muslims

text: Islam

text: is

text: an

text: Abrahamic

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: that

text: upholds

text: that

text: God

text: is

text: one

text: and

text: incomparable

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: existence

text: is

text: to

text: worship

text: God

text: Muslims

text: consider

text: Muhammad

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: of

text: God

text: The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. It is in an endorheic basin (it has no outflows) located between Europe and Asia. It is bound by Kazakhstan to the northeast, Russia to the northwest, Azerbaijan to the west, Iran to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southeast.

text: The

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: enclosed

text: inland

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: on

text: Earth

text: by

text: area

text: variously

text: classed

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: lake

text: or

text: full

text: fledged

text: sea

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: an

text: endorheic

text: basin

text: it

text: has

text: no

text: outflows

text: located

text: between

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bound

text: by

text: Kazakhstan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Nahavand County is a county in Hamadan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Nahavand. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 178,683, in 46,283 families. The county is subdivided into four districts: the Central District, Giyan District, Zarrin Dasht District, and Khezel District. The county has four cities: Nahavand, Barzul, Giyan, and Firuzan.

text: Nahavand

text: County

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: Hamadan

text: Province

text: in

text: Iran

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: is

text: Nahavand

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: county

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: families

text: The

text: county

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: four

text: districts

text: the

text: Central

text: District

text: Giyan

text: District

text: Zarrin

text: Dasht

text: District

text: and

text: Khezel

text: District

text: The

text: county

text: has

text: four

text: cities

text: Nahavand

text: Barzul

text: Giyan

text: and

text: Firuzan

text: Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.

text: Iraq

text: or

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iraq

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Baghdad

text: The

text: main

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: are

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Kurds

text: others

text: include

text: Assyrians

text: Turkmen

text: Shabakis

text: Yazidis

text: Armenians

text: Mandeans

text: Circassians

text: and

text: Kawliya

text: Around

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: citizens

text: are

text: Muslims

text: with

text: Christianity

text: Yarsan

text: Yezidism

text: and

text: Mandeanism

text: also

text: present

text: The

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: Iraq

text: are

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Kurdish

text: The Strait of Hormuz "Tangehyyeh Hormoz" , "Maq Hurmuz") is a strait between the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is one of the world's most strategically important choke points. On the north coast lies Iran, and on the south coast the United Arab Emirates and Musandam, an exclave of Oman. At its narrowest, the strait has a width of .

text: The

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: Tangehyyeh

text: Hormoz

text: Maq

text: Hurmuz

text: is

text: strait

text: between

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: It

text: provides

text: the

text: only

text: sea

text: passage

text: from

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: to

text: the

text: open

text: ocean

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: strategically

text: important

text: choke

text: points

text: On

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: lies

text: Iran

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: and

text: Musandam

text: an

text: exclave

text: of

text: Oman

text: At

text: its

text: narrowest

text: the

text: strait

text: has

text: width

text: of

text: Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a country in the South Caucasus region, situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having an 8 km border with Turkey in the north west.

text: Azerbaijan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Caucasus

text: region

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Southwest

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Armenia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Armenia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: while

text: having

text: an

text: km

text: border

text: with

text: Turkey

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: Malayer (; formerly Dowlatabad (Persian: Doulatbd), also Romanized as Dowlatbd and Dalatbd) is a city in and capital of Malayer County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 153,748, in 40,750 families.

text: Malayer

text: formerly

text: Dowlatabad

text: Persian

text: Doulatbd

text: also

text: Romanized

text: as

text: Dowlatbd

text: and

text: Dalatbd

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: and

text: capital

text: of

text: Malayer

text: County

text: Hamadan

text: Province

text: Iran

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: families

text: Tehran ( "Tehrn") is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With a population of around 9 million in the city and 16 million in the wider metropolitan area, Tehran is the most populous city of Iran, the 2nd-most populous city in Western Asia and the 3rd-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East. It is ranked 29th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area.

text: Tehran

text: Tehrn

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Iran

text: and

text: Tehran

text: Province

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: wider

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: Tehran

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Iran

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: It

text: is

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: its

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: Nahavand ( Persian :    , also Romanized as Nahvand and Nehvend ; also known as Nhvand ) is a city in and capital of Nahavand County , Hamadan Province , Iran . At the 2006 census , its population was 72,218 , in 19,419 families . It is located south of Hamadan , east of Malayer and northwest of Borujerd . Nahavand is one of the oldest existing cities in Iran .

text: Nahavand

text: Persian

text: also

text: Romanized

text: as

text: Nahvand

text: and

text: Nehvend

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Nhvand

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: and

text: capital

text: of

text: Nahavand

text: County

text: Hamadan

text: Province

text: Iran

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: families

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: Hamadan

text: east

text: of

text: Malayer

text: and

text: northwest

text: of

text: Borujerd

text: Nahavand

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: existing

text: cities

text: in

text: Iran

text: Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , "Afnistn"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.

text: Afghanistan

text: Pashto

text: Dari

text: Afnistn

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: within

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Turkmenistan

text: Uzbekistan

text: and

text: Tajikistan

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: Its

text: territory

text: covers

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as "Ratnkara", ""the mine of gems"" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as "Hind Mahsgar", ""the great Indian sea"", in Hindi.

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: covering

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Australia

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: by

text: Antarctica

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Ratnkara

text: the

text: mine

text: of

text: gems

text: in

text: ancient

text: Sanskrit

text: literature

text: and

text: as

text: Hind

text: Mahsgar

text: the

text: great

text: Indian

text: sea

text: in

text: Hindi

text: The Qajar dynasty ('; also romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.) was an Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin, specifically from the Qajar tribe, which ruled Persia (Iran) from 1785 to 1925. The state ruled by the dynasty was officially known as the Sublime State of Iran ('). The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. In 1796, Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease, putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty, and Mohammad Khan was formally crowned as shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects. In the Caucasus, the Qajar dynasty permanently lost many of Iran's integral areas to the Russians over the course of the 19th century, comprising modern-day Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan, and Armenia.

text: The

text: Qajar

text: dynasty

text: also

text: romanised

text: as

text: Ghajar

text: Kadjar

text: Qachar

text: etc

text: was

text: an

text: Iranian

text: royal

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Turkic

text: origin

text: specifically

text: from

text: the

text: Qajar

text: tribe

text: which

text: ruled

text: Persia

text: Iran

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: state

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: dynasty

text: was

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sublime

text: State

text: of

text: Iran

text: The

text: Qajar

text: family

text: took

text: full

text: control

text: of

text: Iran

text: in

text: deposing

text: Lotf

text: Ali

text: Khan

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: Zand

text: dynasty

text: and

text: re

text: asserted

text: Iranian

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: large

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: In

text: Mohammad

text: Khan

text: Qajar

text: seized

text: Mashhad

text: with

text: ease

text: putting

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: Afsharid

text: dynasty

text: and

text: Mohammad

text: Khan

text: was

text: formally

text: crowned

text: as

text: shah

text: after

text: his

text: punitive

text: campaign

text: against

text: Iran

text: 's

text: Georgian

text: subjects

text: In

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: the

text: Qajar

text: dynasty

text: permanently

text: lost

text: many

text: of

text: Iran

text: 's

text: integral

text: areas

text: to

text: the

text: Russians

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: comprising

text: modern

text: day

text: Georgia

text: Dagestan

text: Azerbaijan

text: and

text: Armenia

text:
The Zagros Mountains (; "Çiyayên Zagrosê", Lurish:    , , Aramaic:  ,) form the largest mountain range in Iran, Iraqi Kurdistan and southeastern Turkey. This mountain range has a total length of 1,500 km (932 mi). The Zagros mountain range begins in northwestern Iran and roughly corresponds to Iran's western border, and it spans the whole length of the western and southwestern Iranian plateau, ending at the Strait of Hormuz. The highest point in the Zagros Mountains is Dena.
Geology.
The Zagros fold and thrust belt was formed by collision of two tectonic plates, the Iranian Plate and the Arabian Plate. This collision primarily happened during the Miocene and folded the entire rocks that had been deposited from the Carboniferous to the Miocene in the geosyncline in front of the Iranian Plate. The process of collision continues to the present and as the Arabian Plate is being pushed against the Iranian Plate, the Zagros Mountains and the Iranian Plateau are getting higher and higher.

text: The

text: Zagros

text: Mountains

text: Çiyayên

text: Zagrosê

text: Lurish

text: Aramaic

text: form

text: the

text: largest

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: Iran

text: Iraqi

text: Kurdistan

text: and

text: southeastern

text: Turkey

text: This

text: mountain

text: range

text: has

text: total

text: length

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: The

text: Zagros

text: mountain

text: range

text: begins

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Iran

text: and

text: roughly

text: corresponds

text: to

text: Iran

text: 's

text: western

text: border

text: and

text: it

text: spans

text: the

text: whole

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: and

text: southwestern

text: Iranian

text: plateau

text: ending

text: at

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: The

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: Zagros

text: Mountains

text: is

text: Dena

text: Geology

text: The

text: Zagros

text: fold

text: and

text: thrust

text: belt

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: collision

text: of

text: two

text: tectonic

text: plates

text: the

text: Iranian

text: Plate

text: and

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Plate

text: This

text: collision

text: primarily

text: happened

text: during

text: the

text: Miocene

text: and

text: folded

text: the

text: entire

text: rocks

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: deposited

text: from

text: the

text: Carboniferous

text: to

text: the

text: Miocene

text: in

text: the

text: geosyncline

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: Iranian

text: Plate

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: collision

text: continues

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Plate

text: is

text: being

text: pushed

text: against

text: the

text: Iranian

text: Plate

text: the

text: Zagros

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: Iranian

text: Plateau

text: are

text: getting

text: higher

text: and

text: higher

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity nahavand

answer: central district

text: central district

text: central district

text: central district


text: Formula Two, abbreviated to F2, was a type of open wheel formula racing first codified in 1948. It was replaced in 1985 by Formula 3000, but revived by the FIA from 20092012 in the form of the FIA Formula Two Championship.

text: Formula

text: Two

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: was

text: type

text: of

text: open

text: wheel

text: formula

text: racing

text: first

text: codified

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: replaced

text: in

text: by

text: Formula

text: but

text: revived

text: by

text: the

text: FIA

text: from

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: FIA

text: Formula

text: Two

text: Championship

text: The FIA Formula Two Championship was a one-make class of auto racing for Formula Two open wheeled single seater racing cars. It was a revival of the former European Formula Two Championship that was previously run from 1967 to 1984, and was organised by MotorSport Vision. Drivers competed in identical Williams F1 built cars with an Audi supplied and Mountune Racing developed 400 bhp engine, over 16 rounds at eight venues.

text: The

text: FIA

text: Formula

text: Two

text: Championship

text: was

text: one

text: make

text: class

text: of

text: auto

text: racing

text: for

text: Formula

text: Two

text: open

text: wheeled

text: single

text: seater

text: racing

text: cars

text: It

text: was

text: revival

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: European

text: Formula

text: Two

text: Championship

text: that

text: was

text: previously

text: run

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: was

text: organised

text: by

text: MotorSport

text: Vision

text: Drivers

text: competed

text: in

text: identical

text: Williams

text: built

text: cars

text: with

text: an

text: Audi

text: supplied

text: and

text: Mountune

text: Racing

text: developed

text: bhp

text: engine

text: over

text: rounds

text: at

text: eight

text: venues

text: Formula racing is any of several forms of open-wheeled single-seater motorsport. The origin of the term lies in the nomenclature that was adopted by the FIA for all of its post-World War II single-seater regulations, or formulae. The best known of these formulae are Formula One, Two, Three and Four. Common usage of "formula racing" encompasses other single-seater series, including the GP2 Series, which replaced Formula 3000 (which had itself been the effective replacement for Formula Two).

text: Formula

text: racing

text: is

text: any

text: of

text: several

text: forms

text: of

text: open

text: wheeled

text: single

text: seater

text: motorsport

text: The

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: nomenclature

text: that

text: was

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: FIA

text: for

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: single

text: seater

text: regulations

text: or

text: formulae

text: The

text: best

text: known

text: of

text: these

text: formulae

text: are

text: Formula

text: One

text: Two

text: Three

text: and

text: Four

text: Common

text: usage

text: of

text: formula

text: racing

text: encompasses

text: other

text: single

text: seater

text: series

text: including

text: the

text: Series

text: which

text: replaced

text: Formula

text: which

text: had

text: itself

text: been

text: the

text: effective

text: replacement

text: for

text: Formula

text: Two

text: The 1952 Dutch Grand Prix was a Formula Two race held on 17 August 1952 at the Circuit Zandvoort . It was the seventh round of the 1952 World Drivers ' Championship , which was run to Formula Two rules in 1952 and 1953 , rather than the Formula One regulations normally used .

text: The

text: Dutch

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: was

text: Formula

text: Two

text: race

text: held

text: on

text: August

text: at

text: the

text: Circuit

text: Zandvoort

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: seventh

text: round

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Drivers

text: Championship

text: which

text: was

text: run

text: to

text: Formula

text: Two

text: rules

text: in

text: and

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: Formula

text: One

text: regulations

text: normally

text: used

text: Formula 3000 was a type of open wheel, single seater formula racing, occupying the tier immediately below Formula One and above Formula Three. It was so named because the cars were powered by 3000 cc engines.

text: Formula

text: was

text: type

text: of

text: open

text: wheel

text: single

text: seater

text: formula

text: racing

text: occupying

text: the

text: tier

text: immediately

text: below

text: Formula

text: One

text: and

text: above

text: Formula

text: Three

text: It

text: was

text: so

text: named

text: because

text: the

text: cars

text: were

text: powered

text: by

text: cc

text: engines

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: sport 1952 dutch grand prix

answer: auto racing

text: auto racing


text: Bernard Lawrence "Bernie" Madoff (born April 29, 1938) is an American fraudster and a former stockbroker, investment advisor, and financier. He is the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market, and the admitted operator of a Ponzi scheme that is considered the largest financial fraud in U.S. history.

text: Bernard

text: Lawrence

text: Bernie

text: Madoff

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: fraudster

text: and

text: former

text: stockbroker

text: investment

text: advisor

text: and

text: financier

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: former

text: non

text: executive

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: NASDAQ

text: stock

text: market

text: and

text: the

text: admitted

text: operator

text: of

text: Ponzi

text: scheme

text: that

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: largest

text: financial

text: fraud

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

text: In law, fraud is deliberate deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud itself can be a civil wrong (i.e., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud and/or recover monetary compensation), a criminal wrong (i.e., a fraud perpetrator may be prosecuted and imprisoned by governmental authorities) or it may cause no loss of money, property or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong. The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits, such as obtaining a driver's license or qualifying for a mortgage by way of false statements.

text: In

text: law

text: fraud

text: is

text: deliberate

text: deception

text: to

text: secure

text: unfair

text: or

text: unlawful

text: gain

text: or

text: to

text: deprive

text: victim

text: of

text: legal

text: right

text: Fraud

text: itself

text: can

text: be

text: civil

text: wrong

text: i.e.

text: fraud

text: victim

text: may

text: sue

text: the

text: fraud

text: perpetrator

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: fraud

text: and/or

text: recover

text: monetary

text: compensation

text: criminal

text: wrong

text: i.e.

text: fraud

text: perpetrator

text: may

text: be

text: prosecuted

text: and

text: imprisoned

text: by

text: governmental

text: authorities

text: or

text: it

text: may

text: cause

text: no

text: loss

text: of

text: money

text: property

text: or

text: legal

text: right

text: but

text: still

text: be

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: another

text: civil

text: or

text: criminal

text: wrong

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: fraud

text: may

text: be

text: monetary

text: gain

text: or

text: other

text: benefits

text: such

text: as

text: obtaining

text: driver

text: 's

text: license

text: or

text: qualifying

text: for

text: mortgage

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: false

text: statements

text: A Ponzi scheme (also a Ponzi game) is a fraudulent investment operation where the operator, an individual or organization, pays returns to its investors from new capital paid to the operators by new investors, rather than from profit earned through legitimate sources. Operators of Ponzi schemes usually entice new investors by offering higher returns than other investments, in the form of short-term returns that are either abnormally high or unusually consistent.

text: Ponzi

text: scheme

text: also

text: Ponzi

text: game

text: is

text: fraudulent

text: investment

text: operation

text: where

text: the

text: operator

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: organization

text: pays

text: returns

text: to

text: its

text: investors

text: from

text: new

text: capital

text: paid

text: to

text: the

text: operators

text: by

text: new

text: investors

text: rather

text: than

text: from

text: profit

text: earned

text: through

text: legitimate

text: sources

text: Operators

text: of

text: Ponzi

text: schemes

text: usually

text: entice

text: new

text: investors

text: by

text: offering

text: higher

text: returns

text: than

text: other

text: investments

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: short

text: term

text: returns

text: that

text: are

text: either

text: abnormally

text: high

text: or

text: unusually

text: consistent

text: The Nasdaq Stock Market is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange. The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc., which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic (formerly known as OMX) and Nasdaq Baltic stock market network and several other US stock and options exchanges.

text: The

text: Nasdaq

text: Stock

text: Market

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: stock

text: exchange

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: exchange

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: market

text: capitalization

text: behind

text: only

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: The

text: exchange

text: platform

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: Nasdaq

text: Inc.

text: which

text: also

text: owns

text: the

text: Nasdaq

text: Nordic

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: OMX

text: and

text: Nasdaq

text: Baltic

text: stock

text: market

text: network

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: US

text: stock

text: and

text: options

text: exchanges

text: The Madoff investment scandal was a major case of stock and securities fraud discovered in late 2008. In December of that year, Bernard Madoff, the former NASDAQ Chairman and founder of the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC, admitted that the wealth management arm of his business was an elaborate Ponzi scheme.

text: The

text: Madoff

text: investment

text: scandal

text: was

text: major

text: case

text: of

text: stock

text: and

text: securities

text: fraud

text: discovered

text: in

text: late

text: In

text: December

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: Bernard

text: Madoff

text: the

text: former

text: NASDAQ

text: Chairman

text: and

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Wall

text: Street

text: firm

text: Bernard

text: Madoff

text: Investment

text: Securities

text: LLC

text: admitted

text: that

text: the

text: wealth

text: management

text: arm

text: of

text: his

text: business

text: was

text: an

text: elaborate

text: Ponzi

text: scheme

text: Jeffry M. Picower ( May 5 , 1942 -- October 25 , 2009 ) was an American investor involved in the Madoff investment scandal . He appears to have been the largest beneficiary of Madoff 's Ponzi scheme , and his estate settled the claims against it for $ 7.2 billion .

text: Jeffry

text: Picower

text: May

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: investor

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: Madoff

text: investment

text: scandal

text: He

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: largest

text: beneficiary

text: of

text: Madoff

text: 's

text: Ponzi

text: scheme

text: and

text: his

text: estate

text: settled

text: the

text: claims

text: against

text: it

text: for

text: billion

question: occupation jeffry picower

answer: financier

text: financier


text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Hampshire (; abbreviated Hants, archaically known as the County of Southampton) is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, the former capital city of England. Hampshire is the most populous ceremonial county in the United Kingdom (excluding the metropolitan counties) with almost half of the county's population living within the South Hampshire conurbation which includes the cities of Southampton and Portsmouth. The larger South Hampshire metropolitan area has a population of 1,547,000. Hampshire is notable for housing the birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force. It is bordered by Dorset to the west, Wiltshire to the north-west, Berkshire to the north, Surrey to the north-east, and West Sussex to the east. The southern boundary is the coastline of the English Channel and the Solent, facing the Isle of Wight.

text: Hampshire

text: abbreviated

text: Hants

text: archaically

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Southampton

text: is

text: county

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: coast

text: of

text: England

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Hampshire

text: is

text: Winchester

text: the

text: former

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: Hampshire

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: excluding

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: counties

text: with

text: almost

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: 's

text: population

text: living

text: within

text: the

text: South

text: Hampshire

text: conurbation

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Southampton

text: and

text: Portsmouth

text: The

text: larger

text: South

text: Hampshire

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: Hampshire

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: housing

text: the

text: birthplaces

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: British

text: Army

text: and

text: Royal

text: Air

text: Force

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Dorset

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Wiltshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: Berkshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Surrey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: West

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: southern

text: boundary

text: is

text: the

text: coastline

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: Solent

text: facing

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Ireland (Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth.

text: Ireland

text: Ulster

text: Scots

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Great

text: Britain

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: and

text: St

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: twentieth

text: largest

text: on

text: Earth

text: Havant is a town in the south east corner of Hampshire, England approximately midway between Portsmouth and Chichester. Its borough (population: 125,000) comprises the town and its suburbs including the resort of Hayling Island as well as Rowland's Castle (an exurb), the smaller town of Waterlooville and Langstone Harbour. Housing and population more than doubled under either definition of Havant in the 20 years following World War II, a period of major conversion of land from agriculture and woodland to housing across the region following the incendiary bombing of Portsmouth and the Blitz.

text: Havant

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: corner

text: of

text: Hampshire

text: England

text: approximately

text: midway

text: between

text: Portsmouth

text: and

text: Chichester

text: Its

text: borough

text: population

text: comprises

text: the

text: town

text: and

text: its

text: suburbs

text: including

text: the

text: resort

text: of

text: Hayling

text: Island

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Rowland

text: 's

text: Castle

text: an

text: exurb

text: the

text: smaller

text: town

text: of

text: Waterlooville

text: and

text: Langstone

text: Harbour

text: Housing

text: and

text: population

text: more

text: than

text: doubled

text: under

text: either

text: definition

text: of

text: Havant

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: period

text: of

text: major

text: conversion

text: of

text: land

text: from

text: agriculture

text: and

text: woodland

text: to

text: housing

text: across

text: the

text: region

text: following

text: the

text: incendiary

text: bombing

text: of

text: Portsmouth

text: and

text: the

text: Blitz

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Portsmouth is a port city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire on the south coast of England. Located mainly on Portsea Island, south-west of London and south-east of Southampton, it is the United Kingdom's only island city. It has a population of 205,400, and is the only city in the British Isles with a greater population density than London. The city forms part of the South Hampshire built-up area, which also covers Southampton and the towns of Havant, Waterlooville, Eastleigh, Fareham, and Gosport.

text: Portsmouth

text: is

text: port

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: of

text: Hampshire

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: England

text: Located

text: mainly

text: on

text: Portsea

text: Island

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Southampton

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: only

text: island

text: city

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: with

text: greater

text: population

text: density

text: than

text: London

text: The

text: city

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Hampshire

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: which

text: also

text: covers

text: Southampton

text: and

text: the

text: towns

text: of

text: Havant

text: Waterlooville

text: Eastleigh

text: Fareham

text: and

text: Gosport

text: Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of . Wales has over of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.

text: Wales

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: had

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Wales

text: has

text: over

text: of

text: coastline

text: and

text: is

text: largely

text: mountainous

text: with

text: its

text: higher

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: central

text: areas

text: including

text: Snowdon

text: its

text: highest

text: summit

text: The

text: country

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: north

text: temperate

text: zone

text: and

text: has

text: changeable

text: maritime

text: climate

text: The Commonwealth was the period from 1649 onwards when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, was ruled as a republic following the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I. The republic's existence was declared through "An Act declaring England to be a Commonwealth", adopted by the Rump Parliament on 19 May 1649. Power in the early Commonwealth was vested primarily in the Parliament and a Council of State. During the period, fighting continued, particularly in Ireland and Scotland, between the parliamentary forces and those opposed to them, as part of what is now referred to as the Third English Civil War.

text: The

text: Commonwealth

text: was

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: onwards

text: when

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: later

text: along

text: with

text: Ireland

text: and

text: Scotland

text: was

text: ruled

text: as

text: republic

text: following

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: trial

text: and

text: execution

text: of

text: Charles

text: The

text: republic

text: 's

text: existence

text: was

text: declared

text: through

text: An

text: Act

text: declaring

text: England

text: to

text: be

text: Commonwealth

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: Rump

text: Parliament

text: on

text: May

text: Power

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Commonwealth

text: was

text: vested

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: Parliament

text: and

text: Council

text: of

text: State

text: During

text: the

text: period

text: fighting

text: continued

text: particularly

text: in

text: Ireland

text: and

text: Scotland

text: between

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: forces

text: and

text: those

text: opposed

text: to

text: them

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Third

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: Portsea Island is a small, flat and low-lying island just off the south coast of England. The island is totally within, and contains a large proportion of, the city of Portsmouth. The third largest by population of any island in the British Isles after the mainlands of Great Britain and Ireland, it has the highest population density.

text: Portsea

text: Island

text: is

text: small

text: flat

text: and

text: low

text: lying

text: island

text: just

text: off

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: England

text: The

text: island

text: is

text: totally

text: within

text: and

text: contains

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Portsmouth

text: The

text: third

text: largest

text: by

text: population

text: of

text: any

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: after

text: the

text: mainlands

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: population

text: density

text: Fareham is a market town at the north-west tip of Portsmouth Harbour, between the cities of Portsmouth and Southampton in the south east of Hampshire, England. It gives its name to the borough that comprises the town and its surrounding area. It was historically an important manufacturer of bricks (notably used to build the Royal Albert Hall, London) and a grower of strawberries. Current employment includes retail (including Fareham Shopping Centre with around 100 shops), small-scale manufacturing, and defence (with the Royal Navy's and the Ministry of Defence's Defence Science and Technology Laboratory nearby).

text: Fareham

text: is

text: market

text: town

text: at

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: tip

text: of

text: Portsmouth

text: Harbour

text: between

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Portsmouth

text: and

text: Southampton

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Hampshire

text: England

text: It

text: gives

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: borough

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: town

text: and

text: its

text: surrounding

text: area

text: It

text: was

text: historically

text: an

text: important

text: manufacturer

text: of

text: bricks

text: notably

text: used

text: to

text: build

text: the

text: Royal

text: Albert

text: Hall

text: London

text: and

text: grower

text: of

text: strawberries

text: Current

text: employment

text: includes

text: retail

text: including

text: Fareham

text: Shopping

text: Centre

text: with

text: around

text: shops

text: small

text: scale

text: manufacturing

text: and

text: defence

text: with

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: 's

text: and

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Defence

text: 's

text: Defence

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: Laboratory

text: nearby

text: Lyme was a 52 - gun third rate Speaker - class frigate built for the navy of the Commonwealth of England at Portsmouth , and launched in 1654 . After the Restoration in 1660 she was renamed HMS Montagu . She was widened in 1675 and underwent her first rebuild in 1698 at Woolwich Dockyard as a 60 - gun fourth rate ship of the line . Her second rebuild took place at Portsmouth Dockyard , from where she was relaunched on 26 July 1716 as a 60 - gun fourth rate to the 1706 Establishment . The Montagu was broken up in 1749 .

text: Lyme

text: was

text: gun

text: third

text: rate

text: Speaker

text: class

text: frigate

text: built

text: for

text: the

text: navy

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: England

text: at

text: Portsmouth

text: and

text: launched

text: in

text: After

text: the

text: Restoration

text: in

text: she

text: was

text: renamed

text: HMS

text: Montagu

text: She

text: was

text: widened

text: in

text: and

text: underwent

text: her

text: first

text: rebuild

text: in

text: at

text: Woolwich

text: Dockyard

text: as

text: gun

text: fourth

text: rate

text: ship

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: Her

text: second

text: rebuild

text: took

text: place

text: at

text: Portsmouth

text: Dockyard

text: from

text: where

text: she

text: was

text: relaunched

text: on

text: July

text: as

text: gun

text: fourth

text: rate

text: to

text: the

text: Establishment

text: The

text: Montagu

text: was

text: broken

text: up

text: in

text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: Gosport is a Borough town in the South Hampshire conurbation, on the south coast of Hampshire in southern England. The 2011 Census recorded its population as 82,622. It is on a peninsula on the western side of Portsmouth Harbour opposite the City of Portsmouth, to which it is linked by the Gosport Ferry.

text: Gosport

text: is

text: Borough

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Hampshire

text: conurbation

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: Hampshire

text: in

text: southern

text: England

text: The

text: Census

text: recorded

text: its

text: population

text: as

text: It

text: is

text: on

text: peninsula

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: side

text: of

text: Portsmouth

text: Harbour

text: opposite

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Portsmouth

text: to

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: linked

text: by

text: the

text: Gosport

text: Ferry

question: operator hms montagu

answer: royal navy

text: royal navy

text: royal navy


text: The Srubna culture ( Russian :   , Ukrainian :   , also English : Timber - grave culture ) was a Late Bronze Age ( 18th -- 12th centuries BC ) culture . It is a successor to the Yamna culture ( Pit Grave culture ) and the Poltavka culture , as well as the Potapovka culture . It occupied the area along and above the north shore of the Black Sea from the Dnieper eastwards along the northern base of the Caucasus to the area abutting the north shore of the Caspian Sea , west of the Ural Mountains to come up against the domain of the approximately contemporaneous and somewhat related Andronovo culture . The name comes from Russian c ( srub ) , `` timber framework '' , from the way graves were constructed . Animal parts were buried with the body . The economy was mixed agriculture and livestock breeding . The historical Cimmerians have been suggested as descended from this culture . A study on DNA variation among ancient Europeans found that , of the 6 samples extracted from Srubna culture sites for whom a Y - DNA hapogroup could be tested , all belonged to haplogroup R1a , and four of them to subclade R1a - Z93 , which is common among modern - day Indo - Iranians . The Srubna culture is succeeded by Scythians and Sarmatians in the 1st millennium BC , and by Khazars and Kipchaks in the first millennium AD .

text: The

text: Srubna

text: culture

text: Russian

text: Ukrainian

text: also

text: English

text: Timber

text: grave

text: culture

text: was

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: centuries

text: BC

text: culture

text: It

text: is

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: Yamna

text: culture

text: Pit

text: Grave

text: culture

text: and

text: the

text: Poltavka

text: culture

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Potapovka

text: culture

text: It

text: occupied

text: the

text: area

text: along

text: and

text: above

text: the

text: north

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: from

text: the

text: Dnieper

text: eastwards

text: along

text: the

text: northern

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: abutting

text: the

text: north

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: Mountains

text: to

text: come

text: up

text: against

text: the

text: domain

text: of

text: the

text: approximately

text: contemporaneous

text: and

text: somewhat

text: related

text: Andronovo

text: culture

text: The

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: Russian

text: srub

text: timber

text: framework

text: from

text: the

text: way

text: graves

text: were

text: constructed

text: Animal

text: parts

text: were

text: buried

text: with

text: the

text: body

text: The

text: economy

text: was

text: mixed

text: agriculture

text: and

text: livestock

text: breeding

text: The

text: historical

text: Cimmerians

text: have

text: been

text: suggested

text: as

text: descended

text: from

text: this

text: culture

text: study

text: on

text: DNA

text: variation

text: among

text: ancient

text: Europeans

text: found

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: samples

text: extracted

text: from

text: Srubna

text: culture

text: sites

text: for

text: whom

text: DNA

text: hapogroup

text: could

text: be

text: tested

text: all

text: belonged

text: to

text: haplogroup

text: and

text: four

text: of

text: them

text: to

text: subclade

text: which

text: is

text: common

text: among

text: modern

text: day

text: Indo

text: Iranians

text: The

text: Srubna

text: culture

text: is

text: succeeded

text: by

text: Scythians

text: and

text: Sarmatians

text: in

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: and

text: by

text: Khazars

text: and

text: Kipchaks

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: millennium

text: AD

text: Potapovka culture, ca. 25002000 BC. A Bronze Age culture centered on the Samara bend in the middle Volga region, projecting well east into the Samara River valley.

text: Potapovka

text: culture

text: ca

text: BC

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: culture

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: Samara

text: bend

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: Volga

text: region

text: projecting

text: well

text: east

text: into

text: the

text: Samara

text: River

text: valley

text: Orenburg is the administrative center of Orenburg Oblast (region), Russia, lies on the River Ural, southeast of Moscow. Its geographical location is in the boundary of Europe and Asia. Orenburg is also very close to the border with Kazakhstan. Population: 548,331 (2010 Census); 549,361 (2002 Census);

text: Orenburg

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: Orenburg

text: Oblast

text: region

text: Russia

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Ural

text: southeast

text: of

text: Moscow

text: Its

text: geographical

text: location

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: boundary

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Orenburg

text: is

text: also

text: very

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Kazakhstan

text: Population

text: Census

text: Census

text: Poltavka culture, 27002100 BC, an early to middle Bronze Age archaeological culture of the middle Volga from about where the Don-Volga canal begins up to the Samara bend, with an easterly extension north of present Kazakhstan along the Samara River valley to somewhat west of Orenburg.

text: Poltavka

text: culture

text: BC

text: an

text: early

text: to

text: middle

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: archaeological

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: middle

text: Volga

text: from

text: about

text: where

text: the

text: Don

text: Volga

text: canal

text: begins

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Samara

text: bend

text: with

text: an

text: easterly

text: extension

text: north

text: of

text: present

text: Kazakhstan

text: along

text: the

text: Samara

text: River

text: valley

text: to

text: somewhat

text: west

text: of

text: Orenburg

text: The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-Bronze-Iron system, as proposed in modern times by Christian Jürgensen Thomsen, for classifying and studying ancient societies.

text: The

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: is

text: period

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: bronze

text: proto

text: writing

text: and

text: other

text: early

text: features

text: of

text: urban

text: civilization

text: The

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: principal

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: age

text: Stone

text: Bronze

text: Iron

text: system

text: as

text: proposed

text: in

text: modern

text: times

text: by

text: Christian

text: Jürgensen

text: Thomsen

text: for

text: classifying

text: and

text: studying

text: ancient

text: societies

text: The Samara bend is a large hairpin bend of the middle Volga River at the confluence of the Samara River. It is situated in Samara Oblast, Volga Federal District of Russia.

text: The

text: Samara

text: bend

text: is

text: large

text: hairpin

text: bend

text: of

text: the

text: middle

text: Volga

text: River

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Samara

text: River

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Samara

text: Oblast

text: Volga

text: Federal

text: District

text: of

text: Russia

text: The Samara is a river in Russia that runs into the Volga at the city of Samara.

text: The

text: Samara

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: Russia

text: that

text: runs

text: into

text: the

text: Volga

text: at

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Samara

text: An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of artifacts from a specific time and place, which may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between the artifacts is based on archaeologists' understanding and interpretation and does not necessarily relate to real groups of humans in the past. The concept of archaeological culture is fundamental to culture-historical archaeology.

text: An

text: archaeological

text: culture

text: is

text: recurring

text: assemblage

text: of

text: artifacts

text: from

text: specific

text: time

text: and

text: place

text: which

text: may

text: constitute

text: the

text: material

text: culture

text: remains

text: of

text: particular

text: past

text: human

text: society

text: The

text: connection

text: between

text: the

text: artifacts

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: archaeologists

text: understanding

text: and

text: interpretation

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: necessarily

text: relate

text: to

text: real

text: groups

text: of

text: humans

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: archaeological

text: culture

text: is

text: fundamental

text: to

text: culture

text: historical

text: archaeology

text: Kazakhstan ( "Qazaqstan",  "Kazakhstan"), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ("Qazaqstan Respwblïkas" "Respublika Kazakhstan"), is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.

text: Kazakhstan

text: Qazaqstan

text: Kazakhstan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: Qazaqstan

text: Respwblïkas

text: Respublika

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: northern

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: landlocked

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: the

text: dominant

text: nation

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: economically

text: generating

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: GDP

text: primarily

text: through

text: its

text: oil

text: gas

text: industry

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: vast

text: mineral

text: resources

annotations: likely multiple

question: instance_of srubna culture

answer: archaeological culture

text: archaeological culture

text: archaeological culture

text: archaeological culture