text: Boris Markovich Verlinsky ( 8 January 1888 in Bakhmut , Ukraine -- 30 October 1950 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) was a Ukrainian - Russian International Master of chess . He was one of the top Soviet players of the 1920s . Verlinsky was deaf as a result of Meningitis as a youngster .

text: Boris

text: Markovich

text: Verlinsky

text: January

text: in

text: Bakhmut

text: Ukraine

text: October

text: in

text: Moscow

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: Ukrainian

text: Russian

text: International

text: Master

text: of

text: chess

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: Soviet

text: players

text: of

text: the

text: Verlinsky

text: was

text: deaf

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: Meningitis

text: as

text: youngster

text:
Mumps, also known as epidemic parotitis, is a viral disease caused by the mumps virus. Initial signs and symptoms often include fever, muscle pain, headache, and feeling tired. This is then usually followed by painful swelling of one or both parotid salivary glands. Symptoms typically occur 16 to 18 days after exposure and resolve after seven to ten days. Symptoms in adults are often more severe than in children. About a third of people have mild or no symptoms. Complications may include infections of the covering of the brain (15 percent), pancreatitis (four percent), permanent deafness, and painful testicular swelling which uncommonly results in infertility. Women may develop ovarian swelling but this does not increase the risk of infertility.
Mumps is highly contagious and spreads rapidly among people living in close quarters. The virus is transmitted by respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person. Only humans get and spread the disease. People are infectious to each other from about seven days before the start of symptoms to about eight days after. Once an infection has run its course, a person is typically immune for life. Reinfection is possible but the ensuing infection tends to be mild. Diagnosis is usually suspected due to parotid swelling and can be confirmed by isolating the virus on a swab of the parotid duct. Testing for IgM antibodies in the blood is simple and may be useful; however, it can be falsely negative in those who have been immunized.
Mumps is preventable by two doses of the mumps vaccine. Most of the developed world includes it in their immunization programs, often in combination with measles, rubella, and varicella vaccine. Countries that have low immunization rates may see an increase in cases among older age groups and thus worse outcomes. There is no specific treatment. Efforts involve controlling symptoms with pain medication such as paracetamol (acetaminophen). Intravenous immunoglobulin may be useful in certain complications. Hospitalization may be required if meningitis or pancreatitis develops. About one per ten thousand people who are infected die.
Without immunization about 0.1 percent to one percent of the population are affected per year. Widespread vaccination has resulted in a more than 90 percent decline in rates of disease. Mumps is more common in the developing world where vaccination is less common. Outbreaks, however, may still occur in a vaccinated population. Before the introduction of a vaccine, mumps was a common childhood disease worldwide. Larger outbreaks of disease would typically occur every two to five years. Children between the ages of five and nine were most commonly affected. Among immunized populations often those in their early 20s are affected. Around the equator it often occurs all year round while in the more northerly and southerly regions of the world it is more common in the winter and spring. Painful swelling of the parotid glands and testicles was described by Hippocrates in the 5th century BCE.

text: Mumps

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: epidemic

text: parotitis

text: is

text: viral

text: disease

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: mumps

text: virus

text: Initial

text: signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: often

text: include

text: fever

text: muscle

text: pain

text: headache

text: and

text: feeling

text: tired

text: This

text: is

text: then

text: usually

text: followed

text: by

text: painful

text: swelling

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: both

text: parotid

text: salivary

text: glands

text: Symptoms

text: typically

text: occur

text: to

text: days

text: after

text: exposure

text: and

text: resolve

text: after

text: seven

text: to

text: ten

text: days

text: Symptoms

text: in

text: adults

text: are

text: often

text: more

text: severe

text: than

text: in

text: children

text: About

text: third

text: of

text: people

text: have

text: mild

text: or

text: no

text: symptoms

text: Complications

text: may

text: include

text: infections

text: of

text: the

text: covering

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: percent

text: pancreatitis

text: four

text: percent

text: permanent

text: deafness

text: and

text: painful

text: testicular

text: swelling

text: which

text: uncommonly

text: results

text: in

text: infertility

text: Women

text: may

text: develop

text: ovarian

text: swelling

text: but

text: this

text: does

text: not

text: increase

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: infertility

text: Mumps

text: is

text: highly

text: contagious

text: and

text: spreads

text: rapidly

text: among

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: close

text: quarters

text: The

text: virus

text: is

text: transmitted

text: by

text: respiratory

text: droplets

text: or

text: direct

text: contact

text: with

text: an

text: infected

text: person

text: Only

text: humans

text: get

text: and

text: spread

text: the

text: disease

text: People

text: are

text: infectious

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: from

text: about

text: seven

text: days

text: before

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: symptoms

text: to

text: about

text: eight

text: days

text: after

text: Once

text: an

text: infection

text: has

text: run

text: its

text: course

text: person

text: is

text: typically

text: immune

text: for

text: life

text: Reinfection

text: is

text: possible

text: but

text: the

text: ensuing

text: infection

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: mild

text: Diagnosis

text: is

text: usually

text: suspected

text: due

text: to

text: parotid

text: swelling

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: confirmed

text: by

text: isolating

text: the

text: virus

text: on

text: swab

text: of

text: the

text: parotid

text: duct

text: Testing

text: for

text: IgM

text: antibodies

text: in

text: the

text: blood

text: is

text: simple

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: useful

text: however

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: falsely

text: negative

text: in

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: immunized

text: Mumps

text: is

text: preventable

text: by

text: two

text: doses

text: of

text: the

text: mumps

text: vaccine

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: includes

text: it

text: in

text: their

text: immunization

text: programs

text: often

text: in

text: combination

text: with

text: measles

text: rubella

text: and

text: varicella

text: vaccine

text: Countries

text: that

text: have

text: low

text: immunization

text: rates

text: may

text: see

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: cases

text: among

text: older

text: age

text: groups

text: and

text: thus

text: worse

text: outcomes

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: specific

text: treatment

text: Efforts

text: involve

text: controlling

text: symptoms

text: with

text: pain

text: medication

text: such

text: as

text: paracetamol

text: acetaminophen

text: Intravenous

text: immunoglobulin

text: may

text: be

text: useful

text: in

text: certain

text: complications

text: Hospitalization

text: may

text: be

text: required

text: if

text: meningitis

text: or

text: pancreatitis

text: develops

text: About

text: one

text: per

text: ten

text: thousand

text: people

text: who

text: are

text: infected

text: die

text: Without

text: immunization

text: about

text: percent

text: to

text: one

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: are

text: affected

text: per

text: year

text: Widespread

text: vaccination

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: decline

text: in

text: rates

text: of

text: disease

text: Mumps

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: where

text: vaccination

text: is

text: less

text: common

text: Outbreaks

text: however

text: may

text: still

text: occur

text: in

text: vaccinated

text: population

text: Before

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: vaccine

text: mumps

text: was

text: common

text: childhood

text: disease

text: worldwide

text: Larger

text: outbreaks

text: of

text: disease

text: would

text: typically

text: occur

text: every

text: two

text: to

text: five

text: years

text: Children

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: five

text: and

text: nine

text: were

text: most

text: commonly

text: affected

text: Among

text: immunized

text: populations

text: often

text: those

text: in

text: their

text: early

text: are

text: affected

text: Around

text: the

text: equator

text: it

text: often

text: occurs

text: all

text: year

text: round

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: more

text: northerly

text: and

text: southerly

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: and

text: spring

text: Painful

text: swelling

text: of

text: the

text: parotid

text: glands

text: and

text: testicles

text: was

text: described

text: by

text: Hippocrates

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Cognitive deficit or cognitive impairment is an inclusive term to describe any characteristic that acts as a barrier to the cognition process. The term may describe deficits in global intellectual performance, as with intellectual disabilities; it may describe specific deficits in cognitive abilities (learning disorders, dyslexia); or it may describe drug-induced cognitive/memory impairment, such as that seen with alcohol, glucocorticoids, and the benzodiazepines. It usually refers to a durable characteristic, as opposed to altered level of consciousness, which may be acute and reversible. Cognitive deficits may be congenital or caused by environmental factors such as brain injuries, neurological disorders, or mental illness.

text: Cognitive

text: deficit

text: or

text: cognitive

text: impairment

text: is

text: an

text: inclusive

text: term

text: to

text: describe

text: any

text: characteristic

text: that

text: acts

text: as

text: barrier

text: to

text: the

text: cognition

text: process

text: The

text: term

text: may

text: describe

text: deficits

text: in

text: global

text: intellectual

text: performance

text: as

text: with

text: intellectual

text: disabilities

text: it

text: may

text: describe

text: specific

text: deficits

text: in

text: cognitive

text: abilities

text: learning

text: disorders

text: dyslexia

text: or

text: it

text: may

text: describe

text: drug

text: induced

text: cognitive

text: memory

text: impairment

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: seen

text: with

text: alcohol

text: glucocorticoids

text: and

text: the

text: benzodiazepines

text: It

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: durable

text: characteristic

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: altered

text: level

text: of

text: consciousness

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: acute

text: and

text: reversible

text: Cognitive

text: deficits

text: may

text: be

text: congenital

text: or

text: caused

text: by

text: environmental

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: brain

text: injuries

text: neurological

text: disorders

text: or

text: mental

text: illness

text:
Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. The most common symptoms are fever, headache and neck stiffness. Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, vomiting, and an inability to tolerate light or loud noises. Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as irritability, drowsiness, or poor feeding. If a rash is present, it may indicate a particular cause of meningitis; for instance, meningitis caused by meningococcal bacteria may be accompanied by a characteristic rash.
The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, and less commonly by certain drugs. Meningitis can be life-threatening because of the inflammation's proximity to the brain and spinal cord; therefore, the condition is classified as a medical emergency. A lumbar puncture diagnoses or excludes meningitis. A needle is inserted into the spinal canal to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), that envelops the brain and spinal cord. The CSF is examined in a medical laboratory.
Some forms of meningitis are preventable by immunization with the meningococcal, mumps, pneumococcal, and Hib vaccines. Giving antibiotics to people with significant exposure to certain types of meningitis may also be useful. The first treatment in acute meningitis consists of promptly giving antibiotics and sometimes antiviral drugs. Corticosteroids can also be used to prevent complications from excessive inflammation. Meningitis can lead to serious long-term consequences such as deafness, epilepsy, hydrocephalus, or cognitive deficits, especially if not treated quickly.
In 2013 meningitis occurred in about 16 million people worldwide. This resulted in 303,000 deaths  down from 464,000 deaths in 1990. With appropriate treatment the risk of death in bacterial meningitis is less than 15%. Outbreaks of bacterial meningitis occur between December and June each year in an area of sub-Saharan Africa known as the meningitis belt. Smaller outbreaks may also occur in other areas of the world. The word meningitis is from Greek  "méninx", "membrane" and the medical suffix "-itis", "inflammation".

text: Meningitis

text: is

text: an

text: acute

text: inflammation

text: of

text: the

text: protective

text: membranes

text: covering

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: spinal

text: cord

text: known

text: collectively

text: as

text: the

text: meninges

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: symptoms

text: are

text: fever

text: headache

text: and

text: neck

text: stiffness

text: Other

text: symptoms

text: include

text: confusion

text: or

text: altered

text: consciousness

text: vomiting

text: and

text: an

text: inability

text: to

text: tolerate

text: light

text: or

text: loud

text: noises

text: Young

text: children

text: often

text: exhibit

text: only

text: nonspecific

text: symptoms

text: such

text: as

text: irritability

text: drowsiness

text: or

text: poor

text: feeding

text: If

text: rash

text: is

text: present

text: it

text: may

text: indicate

text: particular

text: cause

text: of

text: meningitis

text: for

text: instance

text: meningitis

text: caused

text: by

text: meningococcal

text: bacteria

text: may

text: be

text: accompanied

text: by

text: characteristic

text: rash

text: The

text: inflammation

text: may

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: infection

text: with

text: viruses

text: bacteria

text: or

text: other

text: microorganisms

text: and

text: less

text: commonly

text: by

text: certain

text: drugs

text: Meningitis

text: can

text: be

text: life

text: threatening

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: inflammation

text: 's

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: spinal

text: cord

text: therefore

text: the

text: condition

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: medical

text: emergency

text: lumbar

text: puncture

text: diagnoses

text: or

text: excludes

text: meningitis

text: needle

text: is

text: inserted

text: into

text: the

text: spinal

text: canal

text: to

text: collect

text: sample

text: of

text: cerebrospinal

text: fluid

text: CSF

text: that

text: envelops

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: spinal

text: cord

text: The

text: CSF

text: is

text: examined

text: in

text: medical

text: laboratory

text: Some

text: forms

text: of

text: meningitis

text: are

text: preventable

text: by

text: immunization

text: with

text: the

text: meningococcal

text: mumps

text: pneumococcal

text: and

text: Hib

text: vaccines

text: Giving

text: antibiotics

text: to

text: people

text: with

text: significant

text: exposure

text: to

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: meningitis

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: useful

text: The

text: first

text: treatment

text: in

text: acute

text: meningitis

text: consists

text: of

text: promptly

text: giving

text: antibiotics

text: and

text: sometimes

text: antiviral

text: drugs

text: Corticosteroids

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: prevent

text: complications

text: from

text: excessive

text: inflammation

text: Meningitis

text: can

text: lead

text: to

text: serious

text: long

text: term

text: consequences

text: such

text: as

text: deafness

text: epilepsy

text: hydrocephalus

text: or

text: cognitive

text: deficits

text: especially

text: if

text: not

text: treated

text: quickly

text: In

text: meningitis

text: occurred

text: in

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: worldwide

text: This

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: down

text: from

text: deaths

text: in

text: With

text: appropriate

text: treatment

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: death

text: in

text: bacterial

text: meningitis

text: is

text: less

text: than

text: Outbreaks

text: of

text: bacterial

text: meningitis

text: occur

text: between

text: December

text: and

text: June

text: each

text: year

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: meningitis

text: belt

text: Smaller

text: outbreaks

text: may

text: also

text: occur

text: in

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: word

text: meningitis

text: is

text: from

text: Greek

text: méninx

text: membrane

text: and

text: the

text: medical

text: suffix

text: -itis

text: inflammation

text:
Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point. There is not a single agreed-upon upper limit for normal temperature with sources using values between . The increase in set-point triggers increased muscle contraction and causes a feeling of cold. This results in greater heat production and efforts to conserve heat. When the set-point temperature returns to normal, a person feels hot, becomes flushed, and may begin to sweat. Rarely a fever may trigger a febrile seizure. This is more common in young children. Fevers do not typically go higher than .
A fever can be caused by many medical conditions ranging from the not serious to potentially serious. This includes viral, bacterial and parasitic infections such as the common cold, urinary tract infections, meningitis, malaria and appendicitis among others. Non-infectious causes include vasculitis, deep vein thrombosis, side effects of medication, and cancer among others. It differs from hyperthermia, in that hyperthermia is an increase in body temperature over the temperature set-point, due to either too much heat production or not enough heat loss.
Treatment to reduce fever is generally not required. Treatment of associated pain and inflammation, however, may be useful and help a person rest. Medications such as ibuprofen or paracetamol may help with this as well as lower temperature. Measures such as putting a cool damp cloth on the forehead and having a slightly warm bath are not useful and may simply make a person more uncomfortable. Children younger than three months require medical attention, as might people with serious medical problems such as a compromised immune system or people with other symptoms. Hyperthermia does require treatment.
Fever is one of the most common medical signs. It is part of about 30% of healthcare visits by children and occurs in up to 75% of adults who are seriously sick. While fever is a useful defense mechanism, treating fever does not appear to worsen outcomes. Fever is viewed with greater concern by parents and healthcare professionals than it usually deserves, a phenomenon known as fever phobia.

text: Fever

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: pyrexia

text: and

text: febrile

text: response

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: having

text: temperature

text: above

text: the

text: normal

text: range

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: 's

text: temperature

text: set

text: point

text: There

text: is

text: not

text: single

text: agreed

text: upon

text: upper

text: limit

text: for

text: normal

text: temperature

text: with

text: sources

text: using

text: values

text: between

text: The

text: increase

text: in

text: set

text: point

text: triggers

text: increased

text: muscle

text: contraction

text: and

text: causes

text: feeling

text: of

text: cold

text: This

text: results

text: in

text: greater

text: heat

text: production

text: and

text: efforts

text: to

text: conserve

text: heat

text: When

text: the

text: set

text: point

text: temperature

text: returns

text: to

text: normal

text: person

text: feels

text: hot

text: becomes

text: flushed

text: and

text: may

text: begin

text: to

text: sweat

text: Rarely

text: fever

text: may

text: trigger

text: febrile

text: seizure

text: This

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: young

text: children

text: Fevers

text: do

text: not

text: typically

text: go

text: higher

text: than

text: fever

text: can

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: many

text: medical

text: conditions

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: not

text: serious

text: to

text: potentially

text: serious

text: This

text: includes

text: viral

text: bacterial

text: and

text: parasitic

text: infections

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: common

text: cold

text: urinary

text: tract

text: infections

text: meningitis

text: malaria

text: and

text: appendicitis

text: among

text: others

text: Non

text: infectious

text: causes

text: include

text: vasculitis

text: deep

text: vein

text: thrombosis

text: side

text: effects

text: of

text: medication

text: and

text: cancer

text: among

text: others

text: It

text: differs

text: from

text: hyperthermia

text: in

text: that

text: hyperthermia

text: is

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: body

text: temperature

text: over

text: the

text: temperature

text: set

text: point

text: due

text: to

text: either

text: too

text: much

text: heat

text: production

text: or

text: not

text: enough

text: heat

text: loss

text: Treatment

text: to

text: reduce

text: fever

text: is

text: generally

text: not

text: required

text: Treatment

text: of

text: associated

text: pain

text: and

text: inflammation

text: however

text: may

text: be

text: useful

text: and

text: help

text: person

text: rest

text: Medications

text: such

text: as

text: ibuprofen

text: or

text: paracetamol

text: may

text: help

text: with

text: this

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: lower

text: temperature

text: Measures

text: such

text: as

text: putting

text: cool

text: damp

text: cloth

text: on

text: the

text: forehead

text: and

text: having

text: slightly

text: warm

text: bath

text: are

text: not

text: useful

text: and

text: may

text: simply

text: make

text: person

text: more

text: uncomfortable

text: Children

text: younger

text: than

text: three

text: months

text: require

text: medical

text: attention

text: as

text: might

text: people

text: with

text: serious

text: medical

text: problems

text: such

text: as

text: compromised

text: immune

text: system

text: or

text: people

text: with

text: other

text: symptoms

text: Hyperthermia

text: does

text: require

text: treatment

text: Fever

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: medical

text: signs

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: healthcare

text: visits

text: by

text: children

text: and

text: occurs

text: in

text: up

text: to

text: of

text: adults

text: who

text: are

text: seriously

text: sick

text: While

text: fever

text: is

text: useful

text: defense

text: mechanism

text: treating

text: fever

text: does

text: not

text: appear

text: to

text: worsen

text: outcomes

text: Fever

text: is

text: viewed

text: with

text: greater

text: concern

text: by

text: parents

text: and

text: healthcare

text: professionals

text: than

text: it

text: usually

text: deserves

text: phenomenon

text: known

text: as

text: fever

text: phobia

text:
Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to these organisms and the toxins they produce. Infectious disease, also known as transmissible disease or communicable disease, is illness resulting from an infection.
Infections are caused by infectious agents including viruses, viroids, prions, bacteria, nematodes such as parasitic roundworms and pinworms, arthropods such as ticks, mites, fleas, and lice, fungi such as ringworm, and other macroparasites such as tapeworms and other helminths.

text: Infection

text: is

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: 's

text: body

text: tissues

text: by

text: disease

text: causing

text: agents

text: their

text: multiplication

text: and

text: the

text: reaction

text: of

text: host

text: tissues

text: to

text: these

text: organisms

text: and

text: the

text: toxins

text: they

text: produce

text: Infectious

text: disease

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: transmissible

text: disease

text: or

text: communicable

text: disease

text: is

text: illness

text: resulting

text: from

text: an

text: infection

text: Infections

text: are

text: caused

text: by

text: infectious

text: agents

text: including

text: viruses

text: viroids

text: prions

text: bacteria

text: nematodes

text: such

text: as

text: parasitic

text: roundworms

text: and

text: pinworms

text: arthropods

text: such

text: as

text: ticks

text: mites

text: fleas

text: and

text: lice

text: fungi

text: such

text: as

text: ringworm

text: and

text: other

text: macroparasites

text: such

text: as

text: tapeworms

text: and

text: other

text: helminths

text:
Epilepsy is a group of neurological diseases characterized by epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures are episodes that can vary from brief and nearly undetectable to long periods of vigorous shaking. These episodes can result in physical injuries including occasionally broken bones. In epilepsy, seizures tend to recur, and have no immediate underlying cause. Isolated seizures that are provoked by a specific cause such as poisoning are not deemed to represent epilepsy. People with epilepsy in some areas of the world experience stigma due to the condition.
The cause of most cases of epilepsy is unknown, although some people develop epilepsy as the result of brain injury, stroke, brain tumors, infections of the brain, and birth defects. Known genetic mutations are directly linked to a small proportion of cases. Epileptic seizures are the result of excessive and abnormal nerve cell activity in the cortex of the brain. The diagnosis involves ruling out other conditions that might cause similar symptoms such as fainting and determining if another cause of seizures is present such as alcohol withdrawal or electrolyte problems. This may be partly done by imaging the brain and performing blood tests. Epilepsy can often be confirmed with an electroencephalogram (EEG), but a normal test does not rule out the condition.
Epilepsy that occurs as a result of other issues may be preventable. Seizures are controllable with medication in about 70% of cases. Inexpensive options are often available. In those whose seizures do not respond to medication, then surgery, neurostimulation, or dietary changes may be considered. Not all cases of epilepsy are lifelong, and many people improve to the point that treatment is no longer needed.
As of 2013 about 22 million people have epilepsy. Nearly 80% of cases occur in the developing world. In 2013 it resulted in 116,000 deaths up from 112,000 deaths in 1990. Epilepsy is more common in older people. In the developed world, onset of new cases occurs most frequently in babies and the elderly. In the developing world onset is more common in older children and young adults, due to differences in the frequency of the underlying causes. About 510% of people will have an unprovoked seizure by the age of 80, and the chance of experiencing a second seizure is between 40 and 50%. In many areas of the world those with epilepsy either have restrictions placed on their ability to drive or are not permitted to drive until they are free of seizures for a specific length of time. The word epilepsy is from .

text: Epilepsy

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: neurological

text: diseases

text: characterized

text: by

text: epileptic

text: seizures

text: Epileptic

text: seizures

text: are

text: episodes

text: that

text: can

text: vary

text: from

text: brief

text: and

text: nearly

text: undetectable

text: to

text: long

text: periods

text: of

text: vigorous

text: shaking

text: These

text: episodes

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: physical

text: injuries

text: including

text: occasionally

text: broken

text: bones

text: In

text: epilepsy

text: seizures

text: tend

text: to

text: recur

text: and

text: have

text: no

text: immediate

text: underlying

text: cause

text: Isolated

text: seizures

text: that

text: are

text: provoked

text: by

text: specific

text: cause

text: such

text: as

text: poisoning

text: are

text: not

text: deemed

text: to

text: represent

text: epilepsy

text: People

text: with

text: epilepsy

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: experience

text: stigma

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: condition

text: The

text: cause

text: of

text: most

text: cases

text: of

text: epilepsy

text: is

text: unknown

text: although

text: some

text: people

text: develop

text: epilepsy

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: brain

text: injury

text: stroke

text: brain

text: tumors

text: infections

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: birth

text: defects

text: Known

text: genetic

text: mutations

text: are

text: directly

text: linked

text: to

text: small

text: proportion

text: of

text: cases

text: Epileptic

text: seizures

text: are

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: excessive

text: and

text: abnormal

text: nerve

text: cell

text: activity

text: in

text: the

text: cortex

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: The

text: diagnosis

text: involves

text: ruling

text: out

text: other

text: conditions

text: that

text: might

text: cause

text: similar

text: symptoms

text: such

text: as

text: fainting

text: and

text: determining

text: if

text: another

text: cause

text: of

text: seizures

text: is

text: present

text: such

text: as

text: alcohol

text: withdrawal

text: or

text: electrolyte

text: problems

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: partly

text: done

text: by

text: imaging

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: performing

text: blood

text: tests

text: Epilepsy

text: can

text: often

text: be

text: confirmed

text: with

text: an

text: electroencephalogram

text: EEG

text: but

text: normal

text: test

text: does

text: not

text: rule

text: out

text: the

text: condition

text: Epilepsy

text: that

text: occurs

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: other

text: issues

text: may

text: be

text: preventable

text: Seizures

text: are

text: controllable

text: with

text: medication

text: in

text: about

text: of

text: cases

text: Inexpensive

text: options

text: are

text: often

text: available

text: In

text: those

text: whose

text: seizures

text: do

text: not

text: respond

text: to

text: medication

text: then

text: surgery

text: neurostimulation

text: or

text: dietary

text: changes

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: Not

text: all

text: cases

text: of

text: epilepsy

text: are

text: lifelong

text: and

text: many

text: people

text: improve

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: that

text: treatment

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: needed

text: As

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: have

text: epilepsy

text: Nearly

text: of

text: cases

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: In

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: up

text: from

text: deaths

text: in

text: Epilepsy

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: older

text: people

text: In

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: onset

text: of

text: new

text: cases

text: occurs

text: most

text: frequently

text: in

text: babies

text: and

text: the

text: elderly

text: In

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: onset

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: older

text: children

text: and

text: young

text: adults

text: due

text: to

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: frequency

text: of

text: the

text: underlying

text: causes

text: About

text: of

text: people

text: will

text: have

text: an

text: unprovoked

text: seizure

text: by

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: chance

text: of

text: experiencing

text: second

text: seizure

text: is

text: between

text: and

text: In

text: many

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: those

text: with

text: epilepsy

text: either

text: have

text: restrictions

text: placed

text: on

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: drive

text: or

text: are

text: not

text: permitted

text: to

text: drive

text: until

text: they

text: are

text: free

text: of

text: seizures

text: for

text: specific

text: length

text: of

text: time

text: The

text: word

text: epilepsy

text: is

text: from

text:
Headache is the symptom of pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck. It occurs in migraines, tension-type headaches, and cluster headaches. Frequent headaches can affect relationships and employment. There is also an increased risk of depression in those with severe headaches.
Headaches can occur as a result of many conditions whether serious or not. There are a number of different classification systems for headaches. The most well-recognized is that of the International Headache Society. Causes of headaches may include fatigue, sleep deprivation, stress, the effects of medications, the effects of recreational drugs, viral infections, loud noises, common colds, head injury, rapid ingestion of a very cold food or beverage, and dental or sinus issues.
Treatment of a headache depends on the underlying cause, but commonly involves pain medication. Some form of headache is one of the most commonly experienced of all physical discomforts.
About half of adults have a headache in a given year. Tension headaches are the most common affecting about 1.6 billion people (21.8% of the population) followed by migraine headaches which affect about 848 million (11.7%).
Cause.
There are more than two hundred types of headaches. Some are harmless and some are life-threatening. The description of the headache and findings on neurological examination, determine whether additional tests are needed and what treatment is best.

text: Headache

text: is

text: the

text: symptom

text: of

text: pain

text: anywhere

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: head

text: or

text: neck

text: It

text: occurs

text: in

text: migraines

text: tension

text: type

text: headaches

text: and

text: cluster

text: headaches

text: Frequent

text: headaches

text: can

text: affect

text: relationships

text: and

text: employment

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: increased

text: risk

text: of

text: depression

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: severe

text: headaches

text: Headaches

text: can

text: occur

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: many

text: conditions

text: whether

text: serious

text: or

text: not

text: There

text: are

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: classification

text: systems

text: for

text: headaches

text: The

text: most

text: well

text: recognized

text: is

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Headache

text: Society

text: Causes

text: of

text: headaches

text: may

text: include

text: fatigue

text: sleep

text: deprivation

text: stress

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: medications

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: recreational

text: drugs

text: viral

text: infections

text: loud

text: noises

text: common

text: colds

text: head

text: injury

text: rapid

text: ingestion

text: of

text: very

text: cold

text: food

text: or

text: beverage

text: and

text: dental

text: or

text: sinus

text: issues

text: Treatment

text: of

text: headache

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: underlying

text: cause

text: but

text: commonly

text: involves

text: pain

text: medication

text: Some

text: form

text: of

text: headache

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: experienced

text: of

text: all

text: physical

text: discomforts

text: About

text: half

text: of

text: adults

text: have

text: headache

text: in

text: given

text: year

text: Tension

text: headaches

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: affecting

text: about

text: billion

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: followed

text: by

text: migraine

text: headaches

text: which

text: affect

text: about

text: million

text: Cause

text: There

text: are

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: hundred

text: types

text: of

text: headaches

text: Some

text: are

text: harmless

text: and

text: some

text: are

text: life

text: threatening

text: The

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: headache

text: and

text: findings

text: on

text: neurological

text: examination

text: determine

text: whether

text: additional

text: tests

text: are

text: needed

text: and

text: what

text: treatment

text: is

text: best

text:
Hydrocephalus is a condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain. This typically causes increased pressure inside the skull. Older people may have headaches, double vision, poor balance, urinary incontinence, personality changes, or mental impairment. In babies there may be a rapid increase in head size. Other symptoms may include vomiting, sleepiness, seizures, and downward pointing of the eyes.
Hydrocephalus can occur due to birth defects or be acquired later in life. Associated birth defects include neural tube defects and those that result in aqueductal stenosis. Other causes include meningitis, brain tumors, traumatic brain injury, intraventricular hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. There are four types of hydrocephalus: communicating, non-communicating, ex-vacuo, and normal pressure. Diagnosis is typically by examination and medical imaging.
Hydrocephalus is typically treated by the surgical placement of a shunt system. A procedure called a third ventriculostomy may be an option in a few people. Complications from shunts may include overdrainage, underdrainage, mechanical failure, infection, or obstruction. This may require replacement. Outcomes are variable; however, many live normal lives. Without treatment death may occur.
About one to two per 1,000 newborns have hydrocephalus. Rates in the developing world may be more. Normal pressure hydrocephalus is estimated to affect about 5 per 100,000 people with rates increasing with age. Description of hydrocephalus by Hippocrates date back more than 2000 years. The word "hydrocephalus" is .

text: Hydrocephalus

text: is

text: condition

text: in

text: which

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: abnormal

text: accumulation

text: of

text: cerebrospinal

text: fluid

text: CSF

text: within

text: the

text: brain

text: This

text: typically

text: causes

text: increased

text: pressure

text: inside

text: the

text: skull

text: Older

text: people

text: may

text: have

text: headaches

text: double

text: vision

text: poor

text: balance

text: urinary

text: incontinence

text: personality

text: changes

text: or

text: mental

text: impairment

text: In

text: babies

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: rapid

text: increase

text: in

text: head

text: size

text: Other

text: symptoms

text: may

text: include

text: vomiting

text: sleepiness

text: seizures

text: and

text: downward

text: pointing

text: of

text: the

text: eyes

text: Hydrocephalus

text: can

text: occur

text: due

text: to

text: birth

text: defects

text: or

text: be

text: acquired

text: later

text: in

text: life

text: Associated

text: birth

text: defects

text: include

text: neural

text: tube

text: defects

text: and

text: those

text: that

text: result

text: in

text: aqueductal

text: stenosis

text: Other

text: causes

text: include

text: meningitis

text: brain

text: tumors

text: traumatic

text: brain

text: injury

text: intraventricular

text: hemorrhage

text: and

text: subarachnoid

text: hemorrhage

text: There

text: are

text: four

text: types

text: of

text: hydrocephalus

text: communicating

text: non

text: communicating

text: ex

text: vacuo

text: and

text: normal

text: pressure

text: Diagnosis

text: is

text: typically

text: by

text: examination

text: and

text: medical

text: imaging

text: Hydrocephalus

text: is

text: typically

text: treated

text: by

text: the

text: surgical

text: placement

text: of

text: shunt

text: system

text: procedure

text: called

text: third

text: ventriculostomy

text: may

text: be

text: an

text: option

text: in

text: few

text: people

text: Complications

text: from

text: shunts

text: may

text: include

text: overdrainage

text: underdrainage

text: mechanical

text: failure

text: infection

text: or

text: obstruction

text: This

text: may

text: require

text: replacement

text: Outcomes

text: are

text: variable

text: however

text: many

text: live

text: normal

text: lives

text: Without

text: treatment

text: death

text: may

text: occur

text: About

text: one

text: to

text: two

text: per

text: newborns

text: have

text: hydrocephalus

text: Rates

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: may

text: be

text: more

text: Normal

text: pressure

text: hydrocephalus

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: affect

text: about

text: per

text: people

text: with

text: rates

text: increasing

text: with

text: age

text: Description

text: of

text: hydrocephalus

text: by

text: Hippocrates

text: date

text: back

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: The

text: word

text: hydrocephalus

text: is

question: medical_condition boris verlinsky

answer: deafness

text: deafness

text: deafness


text: Sir Alan William Parker, (born 14 February 1944) is an English film director, producer and screenwriter. Parker's early career, beginning in his late teens, was spent as a copywriter and director of television advertisements. After about ten years of filming adverts, many of which won awards for creativity, he began screenwriting and directing films.

text: Sir

text: Alan

text: William

text: Parker

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: film

text: director

text: producer

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: Parker

text: 's

text: early

text: career

text: beginning

text: in

text: his

text: late

text: teens

text: was

text: spent

text: as

text: copywriter

text: and

text: director

text: of

text: television

text: advertisements

text: After

text: about

text: ten

text: years

text: of

text: filming

text: adverts

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: won

text: awards

text: for

text: creativity

text: he

text: began

text: screenwriting

text: and

text: directing

text: films

text: Catherine Ann Keener (born March 23, 1959) is an American actress. She has been twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her roles as Maxine Lund in "Being John Malkovich" (1999) and Harper Lee in "Capote" (2005). Keener also appeared in the films "Into the Wild" (2007) and "Synecdoche, New York" (2008), which were well received by critics. Keener is also the noted muse of director Nicole Holofcener, having appeared in every work of hers to date.

text: Catherine

text: Ann

text: Keener

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actress

text: She

text: has

text: been

text: twice

text: nominated

text: for

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actress

text: for

text: her

text: roles

text: as

text: Maxine

text: Lund

text: in

text: Being

text: John

text: Malkovich

text: and

text: Harper

text: Lee

text: in

text: Capote

text: Keener

text: also

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: films

text: Into

text: the

text: Wild

text: and

text: Synecdoche

text: New

text: York

text: which

text: were

text: well

text: received

text: by

text: critics

text: Keener

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: noted

text: muse

text: of

text: director

text: Nicole

text: Holofcener

text: having

text: appeared

text: in

text: every

text: work

text: of

text: hers

text: to

text: date

text: Nelle Harper Lee (April 28, 1926February 19, 2016), better known by her pen name Harper Lee, was an American novelist widely known for "To Kill a Mockingbird", published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. Though Lee had only published this single book, in 2007 she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature. Additionally, Lee received numerous honorary degrees, though she declined to speak on those occasions. She was also known for assisting her close friend Truman Capote in his research for the book "In Cold Blood" (1966). Capote was the basis for the character Dill in "To Kill a Mockingbird".

text: Nelle

text: Harper

text: Lee

text: April

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: her

text: pen

text: name

text: Harper

text: Lee

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: novelist

text: widely

text: known

text: for

text: To

text: Kill

text: Mockingbird

text: published

text: in

text: Immediately

text: successful

text: it

text: won

text: the

text: Pulitzer

text: Prize

text: and

text: has

text: become

text: classic

text: of

text: modern

text: American

text: literature

text: Though

text: Lee

text: had

text: only

text: published

text: this

text: single

text: book

text: in

text: she

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Presidential

text: Medal

text: of

text: Freedom

text: for

text: her

text: contribution

text: to

text: literature

text: Additionally

text: Lee

text: received

text: numerous

text: honorary

text: degrees

text: though

text: she

text: declined

text: to

text: speak

text: on

text: those

text: occasions

text: She

text: was

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: assisting

text: her

text: close

text: friend

text: Truman

text: Capote

text: in

text: his

text: research

text: for

text: the

text: book

text: In

text: Cold

text: Blood

text: Capote

text: was

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: character

text: Dill

text: in

text: To

text: Kill

text: Mockingbird

text: Fashion is a popular style or practice, especially in clothing, footwear, accessories, makeup, body, or furniture. Fashion is a distinctive and often constant trend in the style in which a person dresses. It is the prevailing styles in behaviour and the newest creations of textile designers. Because the more technical term "costume" is regularly linked to the term "fashion", the use of the former has been relegated to special senses like fancy dress or masquerade wear, while "fashion" generally means clothing, including the study of it. Although aspects of fashion can be feminine or masculine, some trends are androgynous.

text: Fashion

text: is

text: popular

text: style

text: or

text: practice

text: especially

text: in

text: clothing

text: footwear

text: accessories

text: makeup

text: body

text: or

text: furniture

text: Fashion

text: is

text: distinctive

text: and

text: often

text: constant

text: trend

text: in

text: the

text: style

text: in

text: which

text: person

text: dresses

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: prevailing

text: styles

text: in

text: behaviour

text: and

text: the

text: newest

text: creations

text: of

text: textile

text: designers

text: Because

text: the

text: more

text: technical

text: term

text: costume

text: is

text: regularly

text: linked

text: to

text: the

text: term

text: fashion

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: has

text: been

text: relegated

text: to

text: special

text: senses

text: like

text: fancy

text: dress

text: or

text: masquerade

text: wear

text: while

text: fashion

text: generally

text: means

text: clothing

text: including

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: it

text: Although

text: aspects

text: of

text: fashion

text: can

text: be

text: feminine

text: or

text: masculine

text: some

text: trends

text: are

text: androgynous

text: Maxwell Caulfield (born Maxwell Newby, 23 November 1959) is a British-American film, stage, and television actor who is based in the United States. He has appeared in films such as "Grease 2" (1982), "Electric Dreams" (1984), "The Boys Next Door" (1985), "The Supernaturals" (1986), "" (1989), "Waxwork 2" (1992), "Gettysburg" (1993), "Empire Records" (1995), "The Real Blonde" (1997), and "The Man Who Knew Too Little" (1997).

text: Maxwell

text: Caulfield

text: born

text: Maxwell

text: Newby

text: November

text: is

text: British

text: American

text: film

text: stage

text: and

text: television

text: actor

text: who

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: He

text: has

text: appeared

text: in

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: Grease

text: Electric

text: Dreams

text: The

text: Boys

text: Next

text: Door

text: The

text: Supernaturals

text: Waxwork

text: Gettysburg

text: Empire

text: Records

text: The

text: Real

text: Blonde

text: and

text: The

text: Man

text: Who

text: Knew

text: Too

text: Little

text: Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit to draw attention to both particular and wider issues in society.

text: Satire

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: literature

text: and

text: sometimes

text: graphic

text: and

text: performing

text: arts

text: in

text: which

text: vices

text: follies

text: abuses

text: and

text: shortcomings

text: are

text: held

text: up

text: to

text: ridicule

text: ideally

text: with

text: the

text: intent

text: of

text: shaming

text: individuals

text: corporations

text: government

text: or

text: society

text: itself

text: into

text: improvement

text: Although

text: satire

text: is

text: usually

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: humorous

text: its

text: greater

text: purpose

text: is

text: often

text: constructive

text: social

text: criticism

text: using

text: wit

text: to

text: draw

text: attention

text: to

text: both

text: particular

text: and

text: wider

text: issues

text: in

text: society

text: Full Metal Jacket is a 1987 British-American war film directed and produced by Stanley Kubrick. The screenplay by Kubrick, Michael Herr, and Gustav Hasford was based on Hasford's novel "The Short-Timers" (1979). The film stars Matthew Modine, Adam Baldwin, Vincent D'Onofrio, R. Lee Ermey, Dorian Harewood, Arliss Howard, Kevyn Major Howard, and Ed O'Ross. Its storyline follows a platoon of U.S. Marines through their training and the experiences of two of the platoon's Marines in the Tet Offensive during the Vietnam War. The film's title refers to the full metal jacket bullet used by soldiers. The film was released in the United States on June 26, 1987.

text: Full

text: Metal

text: Jacket

text: is

text: British

text: American

text: war

text: film

text: directed

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Stanley

text: Kubrick

text: The

text: screenplay

text: by

text: Kubrick

text: Michael

text: Herr

text: and

text: Gustav

text: Hasford

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: Hasford

text: 's

text: novel

text: The

text: Short

text: Timers

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Matthew

text: Modine

text: Adam

text: Baldwin

text: Vincent

text: D'Onofrio

text: Lee

text: Ermey

text: Dorian

text: Harewood

text: Arliss

text: Howard

text: Kevyn

text: Major

text: Howard

text: and

text: Ed

text: O'Ross

text: Its

text: storyline

text: follows

text: platoon

text: of

text: U.S.

text: Marines

text: through

text: their

text: training

text: and

text: the

text: experiences

text: of

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: platoon

text: 's

text: Marines

text: in

text: the

text: Tet

text: Offensive

text: during

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: title

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: full

text: metal

text: jacket

text: bullet

text: used

text: by

text: soldiers

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: June

text: Synecdoche, New York is a 2008 American postmodern drama film written and directed by Charlie Kaufman, and starring Philip Seymour Hoffman. It is Kaufman's directorial debut.

text: Synecdoche

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: American

text: postmodern

text: drama

text: film

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Charlie

text: Kaufman

text: and

text: starring

text: Philip

text: Seymour

text: Hoffman

text: It

text: is

text: Kaufman

text: 's

text: directorial

text: debut

text: Grease 2 is a 1982 American musical romantic comedy film and the sequel to "Grease", which is based upon the musical of the same name by Jim Jacobs and Warren Casey. The film was produced by Allan Carr and Robert Stigwood, and directed and choreographed by Patricia Birch, who also choreographed the first film. It takes place two years after the original film at Rydell High School, with an almost entirely new cast, led by actors Maxwell Caulfield and Michelle Pfeiffer.

text: Grease

text: is

text: American

text: musical

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: film

text: and

text: the

text: sequel

text: to

text: Grease

text: which

text: is

text: based

text: upon

text: the

text: musical

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: by

text: Jim

text: Jacobs

text: and

text: Warren

text: Casey

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Allan

text: Carr

text: and

text: Robert

text: Stigwood

text: and

text: directed

text: and

text: choreographed

text: by

text: Patricia

text: Birch

text: who

text: also

text: choreographed

text: the

text: first

text: film

text: It

text: takes

text: place

text: two

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: original

text: film

text: at

text: Rydell

text: High

text: School

text: with

text: an

text: almost

text: entirely

text: new

text: cast

text: led

text: by

text: actors

text: Maxwell

text: Caulfield

text: and

text: Michelle

text: Pfeiffer

text: Stanley Kubrick (July 26, 1928  March 7, 1999) was an American film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, editor, and photographer. He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history. His films, which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories, cover a wide range of genres, and are noted for their realism, dark humor, unique cinematography, extensive set designs, and evocative use of music.

text: Stanley

text: Kubrick

text: July

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: director

text: screenwriter

text: producer

text: cinematographer

text: editor

text: and

text: photographer

text: He

text: is

text: frequently

text: cited

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: and

text: most

text: influential

text: directors

text: in

text: cinematic

text: history

text: His

text: films

text: which

text: are

text: mostly

text: adaptations

text: of

text: novels

text: or

text: short

text: stories

text: cover

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: genres

text: and

text: are

text: noted

text: for

text: their

text: realism

text: dark

text: humor

text: unique

text: cinematography

text: extensive

text: set

text: designs

text: and

text: evocative

text: use

text: of

text: music

text: Ridicule is a 1996 French film set in the 18th century at the decadent court of Versailles, where social status can rise and fall based on one's ability to mete out witty insults and avoid ridicule oneself. The story examines the social injustices of late 18th century France, in showing the corruption and callousness of the aristocrats.

text: Ridicule

text: is

text: French

text: film

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: at

text: the

text: decadent

text: court

text: of

text: Versailles

text: where

text: social

text: status

text: can

text: rise

text: and

text: fall

text: based

text: on

text: one

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: mete

text: out

text: witty

text: insults

text: and

text: avoid

text: ridicule

text: oneself

text: The

text: story

text: examines

text: the

text: social

text: injustices

text: of

text: late

text: century

text: France

text: in

text: showing

text: the

text: corruption

text: and

text: callousness

text: of

text: the

text: aristocrats

text: Nicole Holofcener (born March 22, 1960) is an American film and television director and screenwriter. She has directed five feature films, including "Friends with Money" and "Enough Said" as well as various television series. Holofcener was a student of director Martin Scorsese.

text: Nicole

text: Holofcener

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: director

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: She

text: has

text: directed

text: five

text: feature

text: films

text: including

text: Friends

text: with

text: Money

text: and

text: Enough

text: Said

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: various

text: television

text: series

text: Holofcener

text: was

text: student

text: of

text: director

text: Martin

text: Scorsese

text: Matthew Avery Modine (born March 22, 1959) is an American film actor. His best-known roles include Private Joker in Stanley Kubrick's "Full Metal Jacket", the title character in Alan Parker's "Birdy", high school wrestler Louden Swain in "Vision Quest", oversexed Sullivan Groff on "Weeds", and Dr. Martin Brenner on "Stranger Things".

text: Matthew

text: Avery

text: Modine

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: actor

text: His

text: best

text: known

text: roles

text: include

text: Private

text: Joker

text: in

text: Stanley

text: Kubrick

text: 's

text: Full

text: Metal

text: Jacket

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: in

text: Alan

text: Parker

text: 's

text: Birdy

text: high

text: school

text: wrestler

text: Louden

text: Swain

text: in

text: Vision

text: Quest

text: oversexed

text: Sullivan

text: Groff

text: on

text: Weeds

text: and

text: Dr.

text: Martin

text: Brenner

text: on

text: Stranger

text: Things

text: Empire Records is a 1995 American coming-of-age film that follows a group of record store employees over the course of one exceptional day. The employees try to stop the store from being sold to a large chain, and learn about each other along the way. The film was directed by Allan Moyle and stars Anthony LaPaglia, Robin Tunney, Rory Cochrane, Renée Zellweger, Ethan Embry, Johnny Whitworth and Liv Tyler. The film was a commercial and critical failure, generating largely negative reviews and losses at the domestic US box office.

text: Empire

text: Records

text: is

text: American

text: coming

text: of

text: age

text: film

text: that

text: follows

text: group

text: of

text: record

text: store

text: employees

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: one

text: exceptional

text: day

text: The

text: employees

text: try

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: store

text: from

text: being

text: sold

text: to

text: large

text: chain

text: and

text: learn

text: about

text: each

text: other

text: along

text: the

text: way

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Allan

text: Moyle

text: and

text: stars

text: Anthony

text: LaPaglia

text: Robin

text: Tunney

text: Rory

text: Cochrane

text: Renée

text: Zellweger

text: Ethan

text: Embry

text: Johnny

text: Whitworth

text: and

text: Liv

text: Tyler

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: commercial

text: and

text: critical

text: failure

text: generating

text: largely

text: negative

text: reviews

text: and

text: losses

text: at

text: the

text: domestic

text: US

text: box

text: office

text: Being John Malkovich is a 1999 American magic realism comedy film directed by Spike Jonze and written by Charlie Kaufman. For both, it is their first feature film. The film stars John Cusack, Cameron Diaz and Catherine Keener, with John Malkovich and Charlie Sheen as themselves. The film follows a puppeteer who finds a portal that leads into Malkovich's mind.

text: Being

text: John

text: Malkovich

text: is

text: American

text: magic

text: realism

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Spike

text: Jonze

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Charlie

text: Kaufman

text: For

text: both

text: it

text: is

text: their

text: first

text: feature

text: film

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: John

text: Cusack

text: Cameron

text: Diaz

text: and

text: Catherine

text: Keener

text: with

text: John

text: Malkovich

text: and

text: Charlie

text: Sheen

text: as

text: themselves

text: The

text: film

text: follows

text: puppeteer

text: who

text: finds

text: portal

text: that

text: leads

text: into

text: Malkovich

text: 's

text: mind

text: Fur is used in reference to the hair of animals, usually mammals, particularly those with extensive body hair coverage that is generally soft and thick, as opposed to the stiffer bristles on most pigs. The term "pelage" first known use in English c. 1828(French, from Middle French, from "poil" hair, from Old French "peilss", from Latin "pilus",) is sometimes used to refer to the body hair of an animal as a complete coat. "Fur" is also used to refer to animal pelts which have been processed into leather with the hair still attached. The words "fur" or "furry" are also used, more casually, to refer to hair-like growths or formations, particularly when the subject being referred to exhibits a dense coat of fine, soft "hairs." If layered, rather than grown as a single coat, it may consist of short down hairs, long guard hairs, and, in some cases, medium awn hairs. Mammals with reduced amounts of fur are often called "naked", as with the naked mole-rat, or "hairless", as with hairless dogs.

text: Fur

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: hair

text: of

text: animals

text: usually

text: mammals

text: particularly

text: those

text: with

text: extensive

text: body

text: hair

text: coverage

text: that

text: is

text: generally

text: soft

text: and

text: thick

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: stiffer

text: bristles

text: on

text: most

text: pigs

text: The

text: term

text: pelage

text: first

text: known

text: use

text: in

text: English

text: from

text: Middle

text: French

text: from

text: poil

text: hair

text: from

text: Old

text: French

text: peilss

text: from

text: Latin

text: pilus

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: body

text: hair

text: of

text: an

text: animal

text: as

text: complete

text: coat

text: Fur

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: animal

text: pelts

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: processed

text: into

text: leather

text: with

text: the

text: hair

text: still

text: attached

text: The

text: words

text: fur

text: or

text: furry

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: more

text: casually

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: hair

text: like

text: growths

text: or

text: formations

text: particularly

text: when

text: the

text: subject

text: being

text: referred

text: to

text: exhibits

text: dense

text: coat

text: of

text: fine

text: soft

text: hairs

text: If

text: layered

text: rather

text: than

text: grown

text: as

text: single

text: coat

text: it

text: may

text: consist

text: of

text: short

text: down

text: hairs

text: long

text: guard

text: hairs

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: medium

text: awn

text: hairs

text: Mammals

text: with

text: reduced

text: amounts

text: of

text: fur

text: are

text: often

text: called

text: naked

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: naked

text: mole

text: rat

text: or

text: hairless

text: as

text: with

text: hairless

text: dogs

text: Thomas A. "Tom" DiCillo (born August 14, 1953) is an American film director, screenwriter and cinematographer.

text: Thomas

text: Tom

text: DiCillo

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: director

text: screenwriter

text: and

text: cinematographer

text: The Man Who Knew Too Little is a 1997 American-German spy comedy film starring Bill Murray, directed by Jon Amiel, and written by Robert Farrar and Howard Franklin. The film is based on Farrar's novel "Watch That Man", and the title is a parody of Alfred Hitchcock's 1934 film "The Man Who Knew Too Much" and his 1956 remake of the same title.

text: The

text: Man

text: Who

text: Knew

text: Too

text: Little

text: is

text: American

text: German

text: spy

text: comedy

text: film

text: starring

text: Bill

text: Murray

text: directed

text: by

text: Jon

text: Amiel

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Robert

text: Farrar

text: and

text: Howard

text: Franklin

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: Farrar

text: 's

text: novel

text: Watch

text: That

text: Man

text: and

text: the

text: title

text: is

text: parody

text: of

text: Alfred

text: Hitchcock

text: 's

text: film

text: The

text: Man

text: Who

text: Knew

text: Too

text: Much

text: and

text: his

text: remake

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: title

text: The Real Blonde is a 1998 movie directed and written by Tom DiCillo . It stars Matthew Modine , Catherine Keener , and Maxwell Caulfield . The film is a satire on New York 's fashion and entertainment industries .

text: The

text: Real

text: Blonde

text: is

text: movie

text: directed

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Tom

text: DiCillo

text: It

text: stars

text: Matthew

text: Modine

text: Catherine

text: Keener

text: and

text: Maxwell

text: Caulfield

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: satire

text: on

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: fashion

text: and

text: entertainment

text: industries

question: publication_date the real blonde

answer: 1997


text: Ahmed Khairy ( Arabic :    ; born 1 October 1987 ) is an Egyptian footballer playing for El Mokawloon SC of Egypt .

text: Ahmed

text: Khairy

text: Arabic

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: Egyptian

text: footballer

text: playing

text: for

text: El

text: Mokawloon

text: SC

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Egypt (; ', , "Kimi"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation.

text: Egypt

text: Kimi

text: officially

text: the

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Egypt

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: spanning

text: the

text: northeast

text: corner

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Asia

text: by

text: land

text: bridge

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: Egypt

text: is

text: Mediterranean

text: country

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: lies

text: Jordan

text: and

text: across

text: from

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: lies

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: although

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: only

text: contiguous

text: Afrasian

text: nation

text: Nasr City (  ) is a district of Cairo, Egypt. It is located to the east of the Cairo Governorate and consists mostly of condominia. It was established in the 1960s as an extension to neighboring settlement of Heliopolis. The establishment of the district was part of the Egyptian Government's plan to modernise and expand Cairo following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952. Gamal Abdel Nasser, the Egyptian President at the time, was involved personally in the design process, and was the one who chose the name Nasr for the new district (""nasr"" being the Arabic word for "victory"). During the early stages of the project it was envisioned that it would constitute a new capital city. Now, Nasr City is extremely crowded, much more than was expected from the creation of the district, because of Egyptian families relocating to the district and also because of Somali and Sudanese immigration to areas of Nasr City such as Hay El Asher (10th Neighbourhood).

text: Nasr

text: City

text: is

text: district

text: of

text: Cairo

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Cairo

text: Governorate

text: and

text: consists

text: mostly

text: of

text: condominia

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: as

text: an

text: extension

text: to

text: neighboring

text: settlement

text: of

text: Heliopolis

text: The

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Government

text: 's

text: plan

text: to

text: modernise

text: and

text: expand

text: Cairo

text: following

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Revolution

text: of

text: Gamal

text: Abdel

text: Nasser

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: President

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: was

text: involved

text: personally

text: in

text: the

text: design

text: process

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: one

text: who

text: chose

text: the

text: name

text: Nasr

text: for

text: the

text: new

text: district

text: nasr

text: being

text: the

text: Arabic

text: word

text: for

text: victory

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: stages

text: of

text: the

text: project

text: it

text: was

text: envisioned

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: constitute

text: new

text: capital

text: city

text: Now

text: Nasr

text: City

text: is

text: extremely

text: crowded

text: much

text: more

text: than

text: was

text: expected

text: from

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: because

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: families

text: relocating

text: to

text: the

text: district

text: and

text: also

text: because

text: of

text: Somali

text: and

text: Sudanese

text: immigration

text: to

text: areas

text: of

text: Nasr

text: City

text: such

text: as

text: Hay

text: El

text: Asher

text: Neighbourhood

text: Nadi El Mokawloon El Arab El Riyadi, widely known as El Mokawloon El Arab between the locals, is an Egyptian football club based in Nasr City, Cairo. Founded in 1973 by the famous and influential Egyptian engineer, contractor, entrepreneur, and politician Osman Ahmed Osman.

text: Nadi

text: El

text: Mokawloon

text: El

text: Arab

text: El

text: Riyadi

text: widely

text: known

text: as

text: El

text: Mokawloon

text: El

text: Arab

text: between

text: the

text: locals

text: is

text: an

text: Egyptian

text: football

text: club

text: based

text: in

text: Nasr

text: City

text: Cairo

text: Founded

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: famous

text: and

text: influential

text: Egyptian

text: engineer

text: contractor

text: entrepreneur

text: and

text: politician

text: Osman

text: Ahmed

text: Osman

text: Cairo (; ', ') is the capital and largest city of Egypt. The city's metropolitan area is the largest in the Middle East and the Arab world, and 15th-largest in the world, and is associated with ancient Egypt, as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area. Located near the Nile Delta, modern Cairo was founded in 969 CE by Jawhar al-Siqilli ("the Sicilian") of the Fatimid dynasty, but the land composing the present-day city was the site of ancient national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life, and is nicknamed "the city of a thousand minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture.

text: Cairo

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Egypt

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: and

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: as

text: the

text: famous

text: Giza

text: pyramid

text: complex

text: and

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Memphis

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: its

text: geographical

text: area

text: Located

text: near

text: the

text: Nile

text: Delta

text: modern

text: Cairo

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: CE

text: by

text: Jawhar

text: al

text: Siqilli

text: the

text: Sicilian

text: of

text: the

text: Fatimid

text: dynasty

text: but

text: the

text: land

text: composing

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: city

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: ancient

text: national

text: capitals

text: whose

text: remnants

text: remain

text: visible

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Old

text: Cairo

text: Cairo

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: life

text: and

text: is

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: thousand

text: minarets

text: for

text: its

text: preponderance

text: of

text: Islamic

text: architecture

text: Osman Ahmed Osman  (19171999) was an Egyptian engineer, contractor, entrepreneur, and politician. Known commonly as el-mo'alim ("the boss"), Osman founded the Arab Contractors (the largest Arab contracting firm between the 1960s and 1980s) and led the Egyptian effort to build the Aswan Dam. He went on to become the Egyptian Minister of Housing and Development and later a member of the Egyptian Parliament.

text: Osman

text: Ahmed

text: Osman

text: was

text: an

text: Egyptian

text: engineer

text: contractor

text: entrepreneur

text: and

text: politician

text: Known

text: commonly

text: as

text: el

text: mo'alim

text: the

text: boss

text: Osman

text: founded

text: the

text: Arab

text: Contractors

text: the

text: largest

text: Arab

text: contracting

text: firm

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: and

text: led

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: effort

text: to

text: build

text: the

text: Aswan

text: Dam

text: He

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Minister

text: of

text: Housing

text: and

text: Development

text: and

text: later

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Parliament

question: place_of_birth ahmed khairy

answer: cairo

text: cairo

text: cairo

text: cairo

text: cairo

text: cairo

text: cairo

text: cairo

text: cairo