text: Terrorism is, in its broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror or fear, in order to achieve a political, religious, or ideological aim. It is classified as fourth-generation warfare and as a violent crime. In modern times, terrorism is considered a major threat to society and therefore illegal under anti-terrorism laws in most jurisdictions. It is also considered a war crime under the laws of war when used to target non-combatants, such as civilians, neutral military personnel, or enemy prisoners of war.

text: Terrorism

text: is

text: in

text: its

text: broadest

text: sense

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: intentionally

text: indiscriminate

text: violence

text: as

text: means

text: to

text: create

text: terror

text: or

text: fear

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: achieve

text: political

text: religious

text: or

text: ideological

text: aim

text: It

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: fourth

text: generation

text: warfare

text: and

text: as

text: violent

text: crime

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: terrorism

text: is

text: considered

text: major

text: threat

text: to

text: society

text: and

text: therefore

text: illegal

text: under

text: anti

text: terrorism

text: laws

text: in

text: most

text: jurisdictions

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: war

text: crime

text: under

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: war

text: when

text: used

text: to

text: target

text: non

text: combatants

text: such

text: as

text: civilians

text: neutral

text: military

text: personnel

text: or

text: enemy

text: prisoners

text: of

text: war

text: The Missouri River is the longest river in North America. Rising in the Rocky Mountains of western Montana, the Missouri flows east and south for before entering the Mississippi River north of St. Louis, Missouri. The river takes drainage from a sparsely populated, semi-arid watershed of more than half a million square miles (1,300,000 km), which includes parts of ten U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. When combined with the lower Mississippi River, it forms the world's fourth longest river system.

text: The

text: Missouri

text: River

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: Rising

text: in

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: of

text: western

text: Montana

text: the

text: Missouri

text: flows

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: for

text: before

text: entering

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: north

text: of

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Missouri

text: The

text: river

text: takes

text: drainage

text: from

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: semi

text: arid

text: watershed

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: km

text: which

text: includes

text: parts

text: of

text: ten

text: U.S.

text: states

text: and

text: two

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: When

text: combined

text: with

text: the

text: lower

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: it

text: forms

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: longest

text: river

text: system

text: The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

text: The

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: river

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: drainage

text: system

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: Flowing

text: entirely

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: although

text: its

text: drainage

text: basin

text: reaches

text: into

text: Canada

text: it

text: rises

text: in

text: northern

text: Minnesota

text: and

text: meanders

text: slowly

text: southwards

text: for

text: to

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: Delta

text: at

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: With

text: its

text: many

text: tributaries

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: 's

text: watershed

text: drains

text: all

text: or

text: parts

text: of

text: U.S.

text: states

text: and

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: between

text: the

text: Rocky

text: and

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: The

text: Mississippi

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: fourth

text: longest

text: and

text: fifteenth

text: largest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: discharge

text: The

text: river

text: either

text: borders

text: or

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Minnesota

text: Wisconsin

text: Iowa

text: Illinois

text: Missouri

text: Kentucky

text: Tennessee

text: Arkansas

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: Louisiana

text: The Missouri Bootheel is the southeasternmost part of the state of Missouri, extending south of 36°30 north latitude, so called because its shape in relation to the rest of the state resembles the heel of a boot. Strictly speaking, it is composed of the counties of Dunklin, New Madrid, and Pemiscot. However, the term is locally used to refer to the entire southeastern lowlands of Missouri located within the Mississippi Embayment, which includes parts of Butler, Mississippi, Ripley, Scott, Stoddard and extreme southern portions of Cape Girardeau and Bollinger counties. The largest city in the region is Kennett.

text: The

text: Missouri

text: Bootheel

text: is

text: the

text: southeasternmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Missouri

text: extending

text: south

text: of

text: north

text: latitude

text: so

text: called

text: because

text: its

text: shape

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: resembles

text: the

text: heel

text: of

text: boot

text: Strictly

text: speaking

text: it

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Dunklin

text: New

text: Madrid

text: and

text: Pemiscot

text: However

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: locally

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: entire

text: southeastern

text: lowlands

text: of

text: Missouri

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: Embayment

text: which

text: includes

text: parts

text: of

text: Butler

text: Mississippi

text: Ripley

text: Scott

text: Stoddard

text: and

text: extreme

text: southern

text: portions

text: of

text: Cape

text: Girardeau

text: and

text: Bollinger

text: counties

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: Kennett

text:
A civil war, also known as an intrastate war in polemology, is a war between organized groups within the same state or country, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly united state.
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region or to change government policies.
The term is a calque of the Latin "bellum civile" which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.

text: civil

text: war

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: intrastate

text: war

text: in

text: polemology

text: is

text: war

text: between

text: organized

text: groups

text: within

text: the

text: same

text: state

text: or

text: country

text: or

text: less

text: commonly

text: between

text: two

text: countries

text: created

text: from

text: formerly

text: united

text: state

text: The

text: aim

text: of

text: one

text: side

text: may

text: be

text: to

text: take

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: or

text: region

text: to

text: achieve

text: independence

text: for

text: region

text: or

text: to

text: change

text: government

text: policies

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: calque

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: bellum

text: civile

text: which

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: various

text: civil

text: wars

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: Lewis Merrill ( 1834 -- 1896 ) was a career officer in the United States Army noted for his work in resisting the early Ku Klux Klan organization in several Southern states . During the American Civil War , he combated guerrillas in Missouri .

text: Lewis

text: Merrill

text: was

text: career

text: officer

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: resisting

text: the

text: early

text: Ku

text: Klux

text: Klan

text: organization

text: in

text: several

text: Southern

text: states

text: During

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: he

text: combated

text: guerrillas

text: in

text: Missouri

text: The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also referred to as the American War of Independence and the Revolutionary War in the United States, was an armed conflict between Great Britain and thirteen of its North American colonies that after onset of the war declared independence as the United States of America.

text: The

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: American

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: and

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: was

text: an

text: armed

text: conflict

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: thirteen

text: of

text: its

text: North

text: American

text: colonies

text: that

text: after

text: onset

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: declared

text: independence

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: Kansas is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita. Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name (natively "") is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south wind", although this was probably not the term's original meaning. For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison.

text: Kansas

text: is

text: U.S.

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Topeka

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Wichita

text: Kansas

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Kansa

text: Native

text: American

text: tribe

text: which

text: inhabited

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: tribe

text: 's

text: name

text: natively

text: is

text: often

text: said

text: to

text: mean

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: wind

text: or

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: south

text: wind

text: although

text: this

text: was

text: probably

text: not

text: the

text: term

text: 's

text: original

text: meaning

text: For

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Kansas

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: and

text: diverse

text: Native

text: American

text: tribes

text: Tribes

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: generally

text: lived

text: in

text: villages

text: along

text: the

text: river

text: valleys

text: Tribes

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: were

text: semi

text: nomadic

text: and

text: hunted

text: large

text: herds

text: of

text: bison

text: The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States fought from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America. The Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U.S. history.

text: The

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: was

text: civil

text: war

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: fought

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: Union

text: faced

text: secessionists

text: in

text: eleven

text: Southern

text: states

text: grouped

text: together

text: as

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: The

text: Union

text: won

text: the

text: war

text: which

text: remains

text: the

text: bloodiest

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

text: The Congress of the Confederation, or the Confederation Congress, formally referred to as the United States in Congress Assembled, was the governing body of the United States of America that existed from March 1, 1781, to March 4, 1789. It comprised delegates appointed by the legislatures or assemblies of the several states. It was preceded by the Second Continental Congress (17751781) and governed under the newly adopted "Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union", which were proposed 17761777, adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1778 and finally agreed to by a unanimous vote of all thirteen states by 1781, held up by a long dispute over the cession of western territories beyond the Appalachian Mountains to the central government led by Maryland and a coalition of smaller states without western claims. The newly reorganized Congress at the time continued to refer itself as the Continental Congress throughout its eight-year history, although modern historians separate it from the earlier bodies, which operated under slightly different rules and procedures until the later part of American Revolutionary War. The membership of the Second Continental Congress automatically carried over to the Congress of the Confederation when the latter was created by the ratification of the Articles of Confederation. It had the same secretary as the Second Continental Congress, namely Charles Thomson. The Congress of the Confederation was succeeded by the Congress of the United States as provided for in the Constitution of the United States, proposed September 17, 1787, in Philadelphia and ratified by the states through 1787 to 1788 and even into 1789 and 1790.

text: The

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: or

text: the

text: Confederation

text: Congress

text: formally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: Congress

text: Assembled

text: was

text: the

text: governing

text: body

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: March

text: to

text: March

text: It

text: comprised

text: delegates

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: legislatures

text: or

text: assemblies

text: of

text: the

text: several

text: states

text: It

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: Second

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: and

text: governed

text: under

text: the

text: newly

text: adopted

text: Articles

text: of

text: Confederation

text: and

text: Perpetual

text: Union

text: which

text: were

text: proposed

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: in

text: July

text: and

text: finally

text: agreed

text: to

text: by

text: unanimous

text: vote

text: of

text: all

text: thirteen

text: states

text: by

text: held

text: up

text: by

text: long

text: dispute

text: over

text: the

text: cession

text: of

text: western

text: territories

text: beyond

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: led

text: by

text: Maryland

text: and

text: coalition

text: of

text: smaller

text: states

text: without

text: western

text: claims

text: The

text: newly

text: reorganized

text: Congress

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: continued

text: to

text: refer

text: itself

text: as

text: the

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: throughout

text: its

text: eight

text: year

text: history

text: although

text: modern

text: historians

text: separate

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: earlier

text: bodies

text: which

text: operated

text: under

text: slightly

text: different

text: rules

text: and

text: procedures

text: until

text: the

text: later

text: part

text: of

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: The

text: membership

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: automatically

text: carried

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: when

text: the

text: latter

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: ratification

text: of

text: the

text: Articles

text: of

text: Confederation

text: It

text: had

text: the

text: same

text: secretary

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: namely

text: Charles

text: Thomson

text: The

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: provided

text: for

text: in

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: proposed

text: September

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: ratified

text: by

text: the

text: states

text: through

text: to

text: and

text: even

text: into

text: and

text: The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (17751783)before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: USA

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: and

text: performs

text: land

text: based

text: military

text: operations

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: uniformed

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Section

text: Clause

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: Subtitle

text: Chapter

text: Section

text: As

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: senior

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: the

text: modern

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: June

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: U.S.

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: country

text: After

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: created

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: on

text: June

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: disbanded

text: Continental

text: Army

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: considers

text: itself

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: and

text: dates

text: its

text: institutional

text: inception

text: from

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: that

text: armed

text: force

text: in

text: Missouri (see pronunciations) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state and host to the mean center of United States population. The largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River. The state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, and now the deep soils yield great agricultural productivity. In the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the eastern border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel.

text: Missouri

text: see

text: pronunciations

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: achieving

text: statehood

text: in

text: With

text: over

text: six

text: million

text: residents

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: and

text: host

text: to

text: the

text: mean

text: center

text: of

text: United

text: States

text: population

text: The

text: largest

text: urban

text: areas

text: are

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Kansas

text: City

text: Springfield

text: and

text: Columbia

text: The

text: capitol

text: is

text: in

text: Jefferson

text: City

text: on

text: the

text: Missouri

text: River

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: the

text: twenty

text: first

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: is

text: geographically

text: diverse

text: The

text: Northern

text: Plains

text: were

text: once

text: covered

text: by

text: glaciers

text: then

text: tallgrass

text: prairie

text: and

text: now

text: the

text: deep

text: soils

text: yield

text: great

text: agricultural

text: productivity

text: In

text: the

text: South

text: are

text: the

text: Ozarks

text: forested

text: highland

text: providing

text: timber

text: minerals

text: and

text: recreation

text: The

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: forms

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: eventually

text: flowing

text: into

text: the

text: swampy

text: Missouri

text: Bootheel

text: The Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains, Ozarks Mountain Country, and the Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic and geologic highland region of the central United States, primarily in Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma. The Ozarks cover a significant portion of southern Missouri, extending as far northeast as the southwestern suburbs of St. Louis. In Arkansas, a large portion is contained within the northwestern and northcentral region. Much smaller pieces of the Ozarks extend westward into northeastern Oklahoma and extreme southeastern Kansas.

text: The

text: Ozarks

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Ozark

text: Mountains

text: Ozarks

text: Mountain

text: Country

text: and

text: the

text: Ozark

text: Plateau

text: is

text: physiographic

text: and

text: geologic

text: highland

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: United

text: States

text: primarily

text: in

text: Arkansas

text: Missouri

text: and

text: Oklahoma

text: The

text: Ozarks

text: cover

text: significant

text: portion

text: of

text: southern

text: Missouri

text: extending

text: as

text: far

text: northeast

text: as

text: the

text: southwestern

text: suburbs

text: of

text: St.

text: Louis

text: In

text: Arkansas

text: large

text: portion

text: is

text: contained

text: within

text: the

text: northwestern

text: and

text: northcentral

text: region

text: Much

text: smaller

text: pieces

text: of

text: the

text: Ozarks

text: extend

text: westward

text: into

text: northeastern

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: extreme

text: southeastern

text: Kansas

text: The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. The Continental Army was supplemented by local militias and troops that remained under control of the individual states or were otherwise independent. General George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the army throughout the war.

text: The

text: Continental

text: Army

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Second

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: after

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: by

text: the

text: colonies

text: that

text: became

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: Established

text: by

text: resolution

text: of

text: the

text: Congress

text: on

text: June

text: it

text: was

text: created

text: to

text: coordinate

text: the

text: military

text: efforts

text: of

text: the

text: Thirteen

text: Colonies

text: in

text: their

text: revolt

text: against

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: The

text: Continental

text: Army

text: was

text: supplemented

text: by

text: local

text: militias

text: and

text: troops

text: that

text: remained

text: under

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: states

text: or

text: were

text: otherwise

text: independent

text: General

text: George

text: Washington

text: was

text: the

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: throughout

text: the

text: war

text: St. Louis is an independent city and major U.S. port in the State of Missouri, built along the western bank of the Mississippi River, on the border with Illinois. The city has an estimated 2015 population of 315,685, and is the cultural and economic center of the Greater St. Louis area (home to 2,916,447 people), making it the largest metropolitan area in Missouri and the 19th-largest in the United States.

text: St.

text: Louis

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: city

text: and

text: major

text: U.S.

text: port

text: in

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Missouri

text: built

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: on

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Illinois

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: economic

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: St.

text: Louis

text: area

text: home

text: to

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: Missouri

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The Confederate States, officially the Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized breakaway country of 11 secessionist slave states existing from 1861 to 1865. It was originally formed by seven slave states  South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas  in the Lower South region of the United States whose regional economy was mostly dependent upon agriculture, particularly cotton, and a plantation system that relied upon the labor of African-American slaves.

text: The

text: Confederate

text: States

text: officially

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: CSA

text: or

text: C.S.

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: was

text: an

text: unrecognized

text: breakaway

text: country

text: of

text: secessionist

text: slave

text: states

text: existing

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: formed

text: by

text: seven

text: slave

text: states

text: South

text: Carolina

text: Mississippi

text: Florida

text: Alabama

text: Georgia

text: Louisiana

text: and

text: Texas

text: in

text: the

text: Lower

text: South

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: whose

text: regional

text: economy

text: was

text: mostly

text: dependent

text: upon

text: agriculture

text: particularly

text: cotton

text: and

text: plantation

text: system

text: that

text: relied

text: upon

text: the

text: labor

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: slaves

text: Secession (derived from the Latin term "secessio") is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity (a country), but also any organization, union or military alliance. Threats of secession can also be a strategy for achieving more limited goals.

text: Secession

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: term

text: secessio

text: is

text: the

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: group

text: from

text: larger

text: entity

text: especially

text: political

text: entity

text: country

text: but

text: also

text: any

text: organization

text: union

text: or

text: military

text: alliance

text: Threats

text: of

text: secession

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: strategy

text: for

text: achieving

text: more

text: limited

text: goals

text:
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK), or simply "the Klan", is the name of three distinct movements in the United States that have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, anti-immigration, and, especially in later iterations, Nordicism, anti-Catholicism, and antisemitism. Historically the KKK used terrorism, both physical assault and murder, against groups or individuals whom they opposed.
All three movements have called for the "purification" of American society, and all are considered right wing extremist organizations.

text: The

text: Ku

text: Klux

text: Klan

text: KKK

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: Klan

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: three

text: distinct

text: movements

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: that

text: have

text: advocated

text: extremist

text: reactionary

text: currents

text: such

text: as

text: white

text: supremacy

text: white

text: nationalism

text: anti

text: immigration

text: and

text: especially

text: in

text: later

text: iterations

text: Nordicism

text: anti

text: Catholicism

text: and

text: antisemitism

text: Historically

text: the

text: KKK

text: used

text: terrorism

text: both

text: physical

text: assault

text: and

text: murder

text: against

text: groups

text: or

text: individuals

text: whom

text: they

text: opposed

text: All

text: three

text: movements

text: have

text: called

text: for

text: the

text: purification

text: of

text: American

text: society

text: and

text: all

text: are

text: considered

text: right

text: wing

text: extremist

text: organizations

text: The tallgrass prairie is an ecosystem native to central North America. Natural and anthropogenic fire, as well as grazing by large mammals (primarily bison), were historically agents of periodic disturbance, which regulates tree encroachment, recycles nutrients to the soil, and catalyzes some seed dispersal and germination processes. Prior to widespread use of the steel plow, which enabled conversion to agricultural land use, tallgrass prairies expanded throughout the American Midwest and smaller portions of southern central Canada, from the transitional ecotones out of eastern North American forests, west to a climatic threshold based on precipitation and soils, to the southern reaches of the Flint Hills in Oklahoma, to a transition into forest in Manitoba.

text: The

text: tallgrass

text: prairie

text: is

text: an

text: ecosystem

text: native

text: to

text: central

text: North

text: America

text: Natural

text: and

text: anthropogenic

text: fire

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: grazing

text: by

text: large

text: mammals

text: primarily

text: bison

text: were

text: historically

text: agents

text: of

text: periodic

text: disturbance

text: which

text: regulates

text: tree

text: encroachment

text: recycles

text: nutrients

text: to

text: the

text: soil

text: and

text: catalyzes

text: some

text: seed

text: dispersal

text: and

text: germination

text: processes

text: Prior

text: to

text: widespread

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: steel

text: plow

text: which

text: enabled

text: conversion

text: to

text: agricultural

text: land

text: use

text: tallgrass

text: prairies

text: expanded

text: throughout

text: the

text: American

text: Midwest

text: and

text: smaller

text: portions

text: of

text: southern

text: central

text: Canada

text: from

text: the

text: transitional

text: ecotones

text: out

text: of

text: eastern

text: North

text: American

text: forests

text: west

text: to

text: climatic

text: threshold

text: based

text: on

text: precipitation

text: and

text: soils

text: to

text: the

text: southern

text: reaches

text: of

text: the

text: Flint

text: Hills

text: in

text: Oklahoma

text: to

text: transition

text: into

text: forest

text: in

text: Manitoba

text: The United States of America has seven federal uniformed services that commission officers as defined by Title 10, and subsequently structured and organized by Title 10, Title 14, Title 32 and Title 42 of the United States Code.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: has

text: seven

text: federal

text: uniformed

text: services

text: that

text: commission

text: officers

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: Title

text: and

text: subsequently

text: structured

text: and

text: organized

text: by

text: Title

text: Title

text: Title

text: and

text: Title

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: The Code of Laws of the United States of America (variously abbreviated to Code of Laws of the United States, United States Code, U.S. Code, or U.S.C.) is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. It contains 52 titles, and a further three titles have been proposed. The main edition is published every six years by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives, and cumulative supplements are published annually. The official version of those laws not codified in the United States Code can be found in United States Statutes at Large.

text: The

text: Code

text: of

text: Laws

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: variously

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: Code

text: of

text: Laws

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: U.S.

text: Code

text: or

text: U.S.C.

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: compilation

text: and

text: codification

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: and

text: permanent

text: federal

text: statutes

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: contains

text: titles

text: and

text: further

text: three

text: titles

text: have

text: been

text: proposed

text: The

text: main

text: edition

text: is

text: published

text: every

text: six

text: years

text: by

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: the

text: Law

text: Revision

text: Counsel

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: and

text: cumulative

text: supplements

text: are

text: published

text: annually

text: The

text: official

text: version

text: of

text: those

text: laws

text: not

text: codified

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: United

text: States

text: Statutes

text: at

text: Large

question: place_of_death lewis merrill

answer: philadelphia

text: philadelphia


text: Edward Walter Furlong (born August 2, 1977) is an American actor and musician. A former teen idol, Furlong won Saturn and MTV Movie Awards for his breakthrough performance as John Connor in "" (1991). The following year he gave an Independent Spirit Award-nominated turn opposite Jeff Bridges in "American Heart", and earned a second Saturn Award nomination for his work in "Pet Sematary Two". He won a Young Artist Award for his performance alongside Kathy Bates in "A Home of Our Own" (1993), and shared a further ensemble nomination with the cast of the film.

text: Edward

text: Walter

text: Furlong

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: musician

text: former

text: teen

text: idol

text: Furlong

text: won

text: Saturn

text: and

text: MTV

text: Movie

text: Awards

text: for

text: his

text: breakthrough

text: performance

text: as

text: John

text: Connor

text: in

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: he

text: gave

text: an

text: Independent

text: Spirit

text: Award

text: nominated

text: turn

text: opposite

text: Jeff

text: Bridges

text: in

text: American

text: Heart

text: and

text: earned

text: second

text: Saturn

text: Award

text: nomination

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: Pet

text: Sematary

text: Two

text: He

text: won

text: Young

text: Artist

text: Award

text: for

text: his

text: performance

text: alongside

text: Kathy

text: Bates

text: in

text: Home

text: of

text: Our

text: Own

text: and

text: shared

text: further

text: ensemble

text: nomination

text: with

text: the

text: cast

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: Darfur ( previously called Janjaweed ) is a film directed by Uwe Boll concerning the current conflict in Darfur , starring David O'Hara , Kristanna Loken , Billy Zane and Edward Furlong . The film was also released as Attack On Darfur .

text: Darfur

text: previously

text: called

text: Janjaweed

text: is

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Uwe

text: Boll

text: concerning

text: the

text: current

text: conflict

text: in

text: Darfur

text: starring

text: David

text: O'Hara

text: Kristanna

text: Loken

text: Billy

text: Zane

text: and

text: Edward

text: Furlong

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: also

text: released

text: as

text: Attack

text: On

text: Darfur

text: An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.

text: An

text: actor

text: or

text: actress

text: for

text: females

text: see

text: terminology

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: portrays

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: actor

text: performs

text: in

text: the

text: flesh

text: in

text: the

text: traditional

text: medium

text: of

text: the

text: theatre

text: or

text: in

text: modern

text: mediums

text: such

text: as

text: film

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: The

text: analogous

text: Greek

text: term

text: is

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: answers

text: The

text: actor

text: 's

text: interpretation

text: of

text: their

text: role

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: played

text: whether

text: based

text: on

text: real

text: person

text: or

text: fictional

text: character

text: Interpretation

text: occurs

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: actor

text: is

text: playing

text: themselves

text: as

text: in

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: experimental

text: performance

text: art

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: to

text: act

text: is

text: to

text: create

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: Uwe Boll (born June 22, 1965) is a German film director, producer, screenwriter and occasional actor based in Canada, whose work includes several films adapted from video games. He finances his own films through his Boll KG and Event Film Productions production companies. Many of his films are produced on low budgets and have received highly negative reviews from critics, with "Alone in the Dark" being considered one of the worst films ever made. However, Boll's "Rampage" film series, "Tunnel Rats", "Stoic", "Amoklauf", "Heart of America", "Assault on Wall Street" and "Darfur" have been mildly well received by critics.

text: Uwe

text: Boll

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: German

text: film

text: director

text: producer

text: screenwriter

text: and

text: occasional

text: actor

text: based

text: in

text: Canada

text: whose

text: work

text: includes

text: several

text: films

text: adapted

text: from

text: video

text: games

text: He

text: finances

text: his

text: own

text: films

text: through

text: his

text: Boll

text: KG

text: and

text: Event

text: Film

text: Productions

text: production

text: companies

text: Many

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: are

text: produced

text: on

text: low

text: budgets

text: and

text: have

text: received

text: highly

text: negative

text: reviews

text: from

text: critics

text: with

text: Alone

text: in

text: the

text: Dark

text: being

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: worst

text: films

text: ever

text: made

text: However

text: Boll

text: 's

text: Rampage

text: film

text: series

text: Tunnel

text: Rats

text: Stoic

text: Amoklauf

text: Heart

text: of

text: America

text: Assault

text: on

text: Wall

text: Street

text: and

text: Darfur

text: have

text: been

text: mildly

text: well

text: received

text: by

text: critics

text: John Connor is a fictional character of the "Terminator" franchise. Created by writer and director James Cameron, the character is first referred to in the 1984 film "The Terminator" and first appears in its 1991 sequel "" initially portrayed by Michael Edwards (briefly as the older Connor) and then by teenage actor Edward Furlong throughout the remainder of the film; in addition, Linda Hamilton's real-life son Dalton Abbot played John as a toddler in a dream sequence. The character is subsequently portrayed by 23-year-old Nick Stahl in the 2003 film "" and by 19-year-old Thomas Dekker in the 2008 television series "". Welsh-English actor Christian Bale portrays 33-year-old Connor in the film series's fourth installment, "Terminator Salvation", and Australian actor Jason Clarke portrays a 44-year-old Connor, who becomes the T-3000 and serves as the antagonist of the film series's fifth installment, "Terminator Genisys".

text: John

text: Connor

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: of

text: the

text: Terminator

text: franchise

text: Created

text: by

text: writer

text: and

text: director

text: James

text: Cameron

text: the

text: character

text: is

text: first

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: Terminator

text: and

text: first

text: appears

text: in

text: its

text: sequel

text: initially

text: portrayed

text: by

text: Michael

text: Edwards

text: briefly

text: as

text: the

text: older

text: Connor

text: and

text: then

text: by

text: teenage

text: actor

text: Edward

text: Furlong

text: throughout

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: in

text: addition

text: Linda

text: Hamilton

text: 's

text: real

text: life

text: son

text: Dalton

text: Abbot

text: played

text: John

text: as

text: toddler

text: in

text: dream

text: sequence

text: The

text: character

text: is

text: subsequently

text: portrayed

text: by

text: old

text: Nick

text: Stahl

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: and

text: by

text: old

text: Thomas

text: Dekker

text: in

text: the

text: television

text: series

text: Welsh

text: English

text: actor

text: Christian

text: Bale

text: portrays

text: old

text: Connor

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: series

text: 's

text: fourth

text: installment

text: Terminator

text: Salvation

text: and

text: Australian

text: actor

text: Jason

text: Clarke

text: portrays

text: old

text: Connor

text: who

text: becomes

text: the

text: and

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: antagonist

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: series

text: 's

text: fifth

text: installment

text: Terminator

text: Genisys

question: original_language_of_work darfur

answer: english

text: english


text: The donkey or ass ("Equus africanus asinus") is a domesticated member of the horse family, Equidae. The wild ancestor of the donkey is the African wild ass, "E. africanus". The donkey has been used as a working animal for at least 5000 years. There are more than 40 million donkeys in the world, mostly in underdeveloped countries, where they are used principally as draught or pack animals. Working donkeys are often associated with those living at or below subsistence levels. Small numbers of donkeys are kept for breeding or as pets in developed countries.

text: The

text: donkey

text: or

text: ass

text: Equus

text: africanus

text: asinus

text: is

text: domesticated

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: horse

text: family

text: Equidae

text: The

text: wild

text: ancestor

text: of

text: the

text: donkey

text: is

text: the

text: African

text: wild

text: ass

text: africanus

text: The

text: donkey

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: working

text: animal

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: There

text: are

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: donkeys

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: mostly

text: in

text: underdeveloped

text: countries

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: used

text: principally

text: as

text: draught

text: or

text: pack

text: animals

text: Working

text: donkeys

text: are

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: those

text: living

text: at

text: or

text: below

text: subsistence

text: levels

text: Small

text: numbers

text: of

text: donkeys

text: are

text: kept

text: for

text: breeding

text: or

text: as

text: pets

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands. The sister group of mammals may be the extinct "Haldanodon." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida, which together with the Sauropsida form the Amniota clade. The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria.

text: Mammals

text: are

text: any

text: vertebrates

text: within

text: the

text: class

text: Mammalia

text: from

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: breast

text: clade

text: of

text: endothermic

text: amniotes

text: distinguished

text: from

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: by

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: neocortex

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: hair

text: three

text: middle

text: ear

text: bones

text: and

text: mammary

text: glands

text: The

text: sister

text: group

text: of

text: mammals

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: extinct

text: Haldanodon

text: The

text: mammals

text: represent

text: the

text: only

text: living

text: Synapsida

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Sauropsida

text: form

text: the

text: Amniota

text: clade

text: The

text: mammals

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Yinotheria

text: including

text: monotrema

text: and

text: the

text: Theriiformes

text: including

text: the

text: theria

text: The Malayan tapir ("Tapirus indicus"), also called the Asian tapir, is the largest of the five species of tapir and the only one native to Asia. The scientific name refers to the East Indies, the species' natural habitat. In the Malay language, the tapir is commonly referred to as "cipan", "tenuk" or "badak tampung".

text: The

text: Malayan

text: tapir

text: Tapirus

text: indicus

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Asian

text: tapir

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: species

text: of

text: tapir

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: native

text: to

text: Asia

text: The

text: scientific

text: name

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: Indies

text: the

text: species

text: natural

text: habitat

text: In

text: the

text: Malay

text: language

text: the

text: tapir

text: is

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: cipan

text: tenuk

text: or

text: badak

text: tampung

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Sir Charles Lyell. Its name comes from the Greek words (', less) and (', new) and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene. The Miocene follows the Oligocene Epoch and is followed by the Pliocene Epoch.

text: The

text: Miocene

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: geological

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: and

text: extends

text: from

text: about

text: Ma

text: The

text: Miocene

text: was

text: named

text: by

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Lyell

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: words

text: less

text: and

text: new

text: and

text: means

text: less

text: recent

text: because

text: it

text: has

text: fewer

text: modern

text: sea

text: invertebrates

text: than

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: The

text: Miocene

text: follows

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: Epoch

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: Epoch

text: A camel is an even-toed ungulate within the genus Camelus, bearing distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. The three surviving species of camel are the dromedary, or one-humped camel ("C. dromedarius"), which inhabits the Middle East and the Horn of Africa; the Bactrian, or two-humped camel ("C. bactrianus"), which inhabits Central Asia; and the critically endangered wild Bactrian camel ("C. ferus") that has limited populations in remote areas of northwest China and Mongolia. Bactrian camels take their name from the historical Bactria region of Central Asia (Yam & Khomeiri, 2015). Both the dromedary and the Bactrian camels have been domesticated; they provide milk, meat, hair for textiles or goods such as felted pouches, and are working animals with tasks ranging from human transport to bearing loads.

text: camel

text: is

text: an

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulate

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: Camelus

text: bearing

text: distinctive

text: fatty

text: deposits

text: known

text: as

text: humps

text: on

text: its

text: back

text: The

text: three

text: surviving

text: species

text: of

text: camel

text: are

text: the

text: dromedary

text: or

text: one

text: humped

text: camel

text: dromedarius

text: which

text: inhabits

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: the

text: Bactrian

text: or

text: two

text: humped

text: camel

text: bactrianus

text: which

text: inhabits

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: critically

text: endangered

text: wild

text: Bactrian

text: camel

text: ferus

text: that

text: has

text: limited

text: populations

text: in

text: remote

text: areas

text: of

text: northwest

text: China

text: and

text: Mongolia

text: Bactrian

text: camels

text: take

text: their

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: historical

text: Bactria

text: region

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: Yam

text: Khomeiri

text: Both

text: the

text: dromedary

text: and

text: the

text: Bactrian

text: camels

text: have

text: been

text: domesticated

text: they

text: provide

text: milk

text: meat

text: hair

text: for

text: textiles

text: or

text: goods

text: such

text: as

text: felted

text: pouches

text: and

text: are

text: working

text: animals

text: with

text: tasks

text: ranging

text: from

text: human

text: transport

text: to

text: bearing

text: loads

text: The mountain tapir or woolly tapir ("Tapirus pinchaque") is the second smallest of the five species of tapir, only the recently described "Tapirus kabomani" being smaller, and is the only one to live outside of tropical rainforests in the wild. It is most easily distinguished from other tapirs by its thick woolly coat and white lips.

text: The

text: mountain

text: tapir

text: or

text: woolly

text: tapir

text: Tapirus

text: pinchaque

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: smallest

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: species

text: of

text: tapir

text: only

text: the

text: recently

text: described

text: Tapirus

text: kabomani

text: being

text: smaller

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: to

text: live

text: outside

text: of

text: tropical

text: rainforests

text: in

text: the

text: wild

text: It

text: is

text: most

text: easily

text: distinguished

text: from

text: other

text: tapirs

text: by

text: its

text: thick

text: woolly

text: coat

text: and

text: white

text: lips

text: The guanaco ("Lama guanicoe"), a camelid native to South America, stands between at the shoulder and weighs . Its color varies very little (unlike the domestic llama), ranging from a light brown to dark cinnamon and shading to white underneath. Guanacos have grey faces and small, straight ears.

text: The

text: guanaco

text: Lama

text: guanicoe

text: camelid

text: native

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: stands

text: between

text: at

text: the

text: shoulder

text: and

text: weighs

text: Its

text: color

text: varies

text: very

text: little

text: unlike

text: the

text: domestic

text: llama

text: ranging

text: from

text: light

text: brown

text: to

text: dark

text: cinnamon

text: and

text: shading

text: to

text: white

text: underneath

text: Guanacos

text: have

text: grey

text: faces

text: and

text: small

text: straight

text: ears

text: Litopterna (from "smooth heel") is an extinct order of fossil hoofed mammals (ungulates) from the Cenozoic period that displayed toe reduction  three-toed forms developed; there was even a one-toed horselike form.

text: Litopterna

text: from

text: smooth

text: heel

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: order

text: of

text: fossil

text: hoofed

text: mammals

text: ungulates

text: from

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: period

text: that

text: displayed

text: toe

text: reduction

text: three

text: toed

text: forms

text: developed

text: there

text: was

text: even

text: one

text: toed

text: horselike

text: form

text: The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP. It is the second and youngest epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch. Prior to the 2009 revision of the geologic time scale, which placed the four most recent major glaciations entirely within the Pleistocene, the Pliocene also included the Gelasian stage, which lasted from 2.588 to 1.806 million years ago, and is now included in the Pleistocene.

text: The

text: Pliocene

text: also

text: Pleiocene

text: Epoch

text: is

text: the

text: epoch

text: in

text: the

text: geologic

text: timescale

text: that

text: extends

text: from

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: BP

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: youngest

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: in

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Pliocene

text: follows

text: the

text: Miocene

text: Epoch

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: Epoch

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: revision

text: of

text: the

text: geologic

text: time

text: scale

text: which

text: placed

text: the

text: four

text: most

text: recent

text: major

text: glaciations

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: Gelasian

text: stage

text: which

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: A tapir (, , or ) is a large, herbivorous mammal, similar in shape to a pig, with a short, prehensile snout. Tapirs inhabit jungle and forest regions of South America, Central America, and Southeastern Asia. The five extant species of tapirs are the Brazilian tapir, the Malayan tapir, the Baird's tapir, the kabomani tapir, and the mountain tapir. The four species that have been evaluated (the Brazilian, Malayan, Baird's and mountain tapir) are all classified as endangered or vulnerable. Their closest relatives are the other odd-toed ungulates, which include horses, donkeys, zebras and rhinoceroses.

text: tapir

text: or

text: is

text: large

text: herbivorous

text: mammal

text: similar

text: in

text: shape

text: to

text: pig

text: with

text: short

text: prehensile

text: snout

text: Tapirs

text: inhabit

text: jungle

text: and

text: forest

text: regions

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Central

text: America

text: and

text: Southeastern

text: Asia

text: The

text: five

text: extant

text: species

text: of

text: tapirs

text: are

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: tapir

text: the

text: Malayan

text: tapir

text: the

text: Baird

text: 's

text: tapir

text: the

text: kabomani

text: tapir

text: and

text: the

text: mountain

text: tapir

text: The

text: four

text: species

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: evaluated

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: Malayan

text: Baird

text: 's

text: and

text: mountain

text: tapir

text: are

text: all

text: classified

text: as

text: endangered

text: or

text: vulnerable

text: Their

text: closest

text: relatives

text: are

text: the

text: other

text: odd

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: which

text: include

text: horses

text: donkeys

text: zebras

text: and

text: rhinoceroses

text: Theosodon is an extinct genus of litoptern mammal from the early Miocene of South America . Theosodon bore a superficial resemblance the modern guanaco , and was around 2 metres ( 6.6 ft ) in length , weighting up to 95.6 kg. It had a long neck and tapir - like , three - toed feet . Judging from the position of its nostrils , Theosodon had a short trunk , though shorter than its other relatives , such as Macrauchenia . Theosodon had a full set of 44 teeth , and its lower mandible was very thin and large .

text: Theosodon

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: genus

text: of

text: litoptern

text: mammal

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: Miocene

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Theosodon

text: bore

text: superficial

text: resemblance

text: the

text: modern

text: guanaco

text: and

text: was

text: around

text: metres

text: ft

text: in

text: length

text: weighting

text: up

text: to

text: kg

text: It

text: had

text: long

text: neck

text: and

text: tapir

text: like

text: three

text: toed

text: feet

text: Judging

text: from

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: its

text: nostrils

text: Theosodon

text: had

text: short

text: trunk

text: though

text: shorter

text: than

text: its

text: other

text: relatives

text: such

text: as

text: Macrauchenia

text: Theosodon

text: had

text: full

text: set

text: of

text: teeth

text: and

text: its

text: lower

text: mandible

text: was

text: very

text: thin

text: and

text: large

text: Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.

text: Binomial

text: nomenclature

text: also

text: called

text: binominal

text: nomenclature

text: or

text: binary

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: things

text: by

text: giving

text: each

text: name

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: use

text: Latin

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: Such

text: name

text: is

text: called

text: binomial

text: name

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: binomial

text: binomen

text: or

text: scientific

text: name

text: more

text: informally

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Latin

text: name

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: identifies

text: the

text: genus

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: species

text: belongs

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: identifies

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: example

text: humans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Homo

text: and

text: within

text: this

text: genus

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: The

text: formal

text: introduction

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: effectively

text: beginning

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: But

text: Gaspard

text: Bauhin

text: in

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: had

text: introduced

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Pinax

text: theatri

text: botanici

text: English

text: Illustrated

text: exposition

text: of

text: plants

text: many

text: names

text: of

text: genera

text: that

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797  22 February 1875) was a British lawyer and the foremost geologist of his day. He is best known as the author of "Principles of Geology", which popularized James Hutton's concepts of uniformitarianismthe idea that the Earth was shaped by the same processes still in operation today. "Principles of Geology" also challenged theories popularized by Georges Cuvier, which were the most accepted and circulated ideas about geology in England at the time.

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Lyell

text: Baronet

text: November

text: February

text: was

text: British

text: lawyer

text: and

text: the

text: foremost

text: geologist

text: of

text: his

text: day

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: Principles

text: of

text: Geology

text: which

text: popularized

text: James

text: Hutton

text: 's

text: concepts

text: of

text: uniformitarianismthe

text: idea

text: that

text: the

text: Earth

text: was

text: shaped

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: processes

text: still

text: in

text: operation

text: today

text: Principles

text: of

text: Geology

text: also

text: challenged

text: theories

text: popularized

text: by

text: Georges

text: Cuvier

text: which

text: were

text: the

text: most

text: accepted

text: and

text: circulated

text: ideas

text: about

text: geology

text: in

text: England

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Macraucheniidae is a family in the Litopterna order of extinct South American ungulates, an animal with similarities to the camel and rhinoceros. The reduced nasal bones of their skulls suggest that they may have had a small proboscis, or trunk. Their hooves were similar to those of rhinoceroses today, with a simple ankle joint and three digits on each foot. Thus, they may have been capable of rapid directional change when running away from predators, such as large Phorusrhacid terror birds, sparassodont marsupials, and "Smilodon" saber-toothed cats. Macraucheniids probably lived in large herds to gain protection against these predators, as well as to facilitate finding mates for reproduction.

text: Macraucheniidae

text: is

text: family

text: in

text: the

text: Litopterna

text: order

text: of

text: extinct

text: South

text: American

text: ungulates

text: an

text: animal

text: with

text: similarities

text: to

text: the

text: camel

text: and

text: rhinoceros

text: The

text: reduced

text: nasal

text: bones

text: of

text: their

text: skulls

text: suggest

text: that

text: they

text: may

text: have

text: had

text: small

text: proboscis

text: or

text: trunk

text: Their

text: hooves

text: were

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: rhinoceroses

text: today

text: with

text: simple

text: ankle

text: joint

text: and

text: three

text: digits

text: on

text: each

text: foot

text: Thus

text: they

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: capable

text: of

text: rapid

text: directional

text: change

text: when

text: running

text: away

text: from

text: predators

text: such

text: as

text: large

text: Phorusrhacid

text: terror

text: birds

text: sparassodont

text: marsupials

text: and

text: Smilodon

text: saber

text: toothed

text: cats

text: Macraucheniids

text: probably

text: lived

text: in

text: large

text: herds

text: to

text: gain

text: protection

text: against

text: these

text: predators

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: to

text: facilitate

text: finding

text: mates

text: for

text: reproduction

text: A rhinoceros (meaning "nose horn"), often abbreviated to rhino, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species. Two of these extant species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia.

text: rhinoceros

text: meaning

text: nose

text: horn

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: rhino

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: any

text: five

text: extant

text: species

text: of

text: odd

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Rhinocerotidae

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: numerous

text: extinct

text: species

text: Two

text: of

text: these

text: extant

text: species

text: are

text: native

text: to

text: Africa

text: and

text: three

text: to

text: Southern

text: Asia

text: Baird's tapir ("Tapirus bairdii"), also known as the Central American tapir, is a species of tapir native to Mexico, Central America and northwestern South America. It is one of four Latin American species of tapir.

text: Baird

text: 's

text: tapir

text: Tapirus

text: bairdii

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Central

text: American

text: tapir

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: tapir

text: native

text: to

text: Mexico

text: Central

text: America

text: and

text: northwestern

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: four

text: Latin

text: American

text: species

text: of

text: tapir

text: The Proboscidea (from the Greek and the Latin "proboscis") are a taxonomic order of afrotherian mammals containing one living family, Elephantidae, and several extinct families. This order, first described by J. Illiger in 1811, encompasses the trunked mammals. Later proboscideans are distinguished by tusks and long, muscular trunks; these features are less developed or absent in early proboscideans. Proboscidea may have produced the largest land mammal of all time in the form of "Palaeoloxodon namadicus", which may have weighed up to , with a shoulder height of up to , surpassing several sauropod dinosaurs.

text: The

text: Proboscidea

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: and

text: the

text: Latin

text: proboscis

text: are

text: taxonomic

text: order

text: of

text: afrotherian

text: mammals

text: containing

text: one

text: living

text: family

text: Elephantidae

text: and

text: several

text: extinct

text: families

text: This

text: order

text: first

text: described

text: by

text: Illiger

text: in

text: encompasses

text: the

text: trunked

text: mammals

text: Later

text: proboscideans

text: are

text: distinguished

text: by

text: tusks

text: and

text: long

text: muscular

text: trunks

text: these

text: features

text: are

text: less

text: developed

text: or

text: absent

text: in

text: early

text: proboscideans

text: Proboscidea

text: may

text: have

text: produced

text: the

text: largest

text: land

text: mammal

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: Palaeoloxodon

text: namadicus

text: which

text: may

text: have

text: weighed

text: up

text: to

text: with

text: shoulder

text: height

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: surpassing

text: several

text: sauropod

text: dinosaurs

text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text:
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a federal republic in the southern half of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of , Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into twenty-three provinces (singular "provincia") and one autonomous city ("ciudad autónoma"), Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress.
The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system.

text: Argentina

text: officially

text: the

text: Argentine

text: Republic

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Sharing

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: with

text: its

text: neighbor

text: Chile

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: also

text: bordered

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Paraguay

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Uruguay

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Drake

text: Passage

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: With

text: mainland

text: area

text: of

text: Argentina

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: one

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: twenty

text: three

text: provinces

text: singular

text: provincia

text: and

text: one

text: autonomous

text: city

text: ciudad

text: autónoma

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: federal

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: as

text: decided

text: by

text: Congress

text: The

text: provinces

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: constitutions

text: but

text: exist

text: under

text: federal

text: system

text: Members of the order Perissodactyla, otherwise known as odd-toed ungulates, are mammals characterized by an odd number of toes and by hindgut fermentation with somewhat simple stomachs. Unlike the even-toed ungulates, they digest plant cellulose in their intestines rather than in one or more stomach chambers. The order includes three extant families: Equidae (horses, donkeys, and zebras), Rhinocerotidae (rhinos) and Tapiridae (tapirs), with a total of about 17 species. In spite of their very different appearance, they were recognized as related families in the 19th century by the zoologist Richard Owen, who also coined the order name.

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Perissodactyla

text: otherwise

text: known

text: as

text: odd

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: are

text: mammals

text: characterized

text: by

text: an

text: odd

text: number

text: of

text: toes

text: and

text: by

text: hindgut

text: fermentation

text: with

text: somewhat

text: simple

text: stomachs

text: Unlike

text: the

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: they

text: digest

text: plant

text: cellulose

text: in

text: their

text: intestines

text: rather

text: than

text: in

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: stomach

text: chambers

text: The

text: order

text: includes

text: three

text: extant

text: families

text: Equidae

text: horses

text: donkeys

text: and

text: zebras

text: Rhinocerotidae

text: rhinos

text: and

text: Tapiridae

text: tapirs

text: with

text: total

text: of

text: about

text: species

text: In

text: spite

text: of

text: their

text: very

text: different

text: appearance

text: they

text: were

text: recognized

text: as

text: related

text: families

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: the

text: zoologist

text: Richard

text: Owen

text: who

text: also

text: coined

text: the

text: order

text: name

text: Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a "backbone" or "spine"), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects; crabs, lobsters and their kin; snails, clams, octopuses and their kin; starfish, sea-urchins and their kin; and worms.

text: Invertebrates

text: are

text: animals

text: that

text: neither

text: possess

text: nor

text: develop

text: vertebral

text: column

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: backbone

text: or

text: spine

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: notochord

text: This

text: includes

text: all

text: animals

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: subphylum

text: Vertebrata

text: Familiar

text: examples

text: of

text: invertebrates

text: include

text: insects

text: crabs

text: lobsters

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: snails

text: clams

text: octopuses

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: starfish

text: sea

text: urchins

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: and

text: worms

text: Camelids are members of the biological family Camelidae, the only currently living family in the suborder Tylopoda. The extant members of this group are: dromedary camels, Bactrian camels, wild Bactrian camels, llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, and guanacos.

text: Camelids

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: biological

text: family

text: Camelidae

text: the

text: only

text: currently

text: living

text: family

text: in

text: the

text: suborder

text: Tylopoda

text: The

text: extant

text: members

text: of

text: this

text: group

text: are

text: dromedary

text: camels

text: Bactrian

text: camels

text: wild

text: Bactrian

text: camels

text: llamas

text: alpacas

text: vicuñas

text: and

text: guanacos

text: The Neogene is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. The Neogene is sub-divided into two epochs, the earlier Miocene and the later Pliocene. Some geologists assert that the Neogene cannot be clearly delineated from the modern geological period, the Quaternary.

text: The

text: Neogene

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: Quaternary

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: Neogene

text: is

text: sub

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: epochs

text: the

text: earlier

text: Miocene

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: Pliocene

text: Some

text: geologists

text: assert

text: that

text: the

text: Neogene

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: clearly

text: delineated

text: from

text: the

text: modern

text: geological

text: period

text: the

text: Quaternary

text: Ungulates (pronounced ) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami. Most terrestrial ungulates use the tips of their toes, usually hoofed, to sustain their whole body weight while moving. The term means, roughly, "being hoofed" or "hoofed animal". As a descriptive term, "ungulate" normally excludes cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises), as they do not possess most of the typical morphological characteristics of ungulates, but recent discoveries indicate that they are descended from early artiodactyls. Ungulates are typically herbivorous (though some species are omnivorous, such as pigs), and many employ specialized gut bacteria to allow them to digest cellulose, as in the case of ruminants. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from jungles, plains and rivers.

text: Ungulates

text: pronounced

text: are

text: any

text: members

text: of

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: primarily

text: large

text: mammals

text: that

text: includes

text: odd

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: such

text: as

text: horses

text: and

text: rhinoceroses

text: and

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: such

text: as

text: cattle

text: pigs

text: giraffes

text: camels

text: deer

text: and

text: hippopotami

text: Most

text: terrestrial

text: ungulates

text: use

text: the

text: tips

text: of

text: their

text: toes

text: usually

text: hoofed

text: to

text: sustain

text: their

text: whole

text: body

text: weight

text: while

text: moving

text: The

text: term

text: means

text: roughly

text: being

text: hoofed

text: or

text: hoofed

text: animal

text: As

text: descriptive

text: term

text: ungulate

text: normally

text: excludes

text: cetaceans

text: whales

text: dolphins

text: porpoises

text: as

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: possess

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: typical

text: morphological

text: characteristics

text: of

text: ungulates

text: but

text: recent

text: discoveries

text: indicate

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: descended

text: from

text: early

text: artiodactyls

text: Ungulates

text: are

text: typically

text: herbivorous

text: though

text: some

text: species

text: are

text: omnivorous

text: such

text: as

text: pigs

text: and

text: many

text: employ

text: specialized

text: gut

text: bacteria

text: to

text: allow

text: them

text: to

text: digest

text: cellulose

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: ruminants

text: They

text: inhabit

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: habitats

text: from

text: jungles

text: plains

text: and

text: rivers

text: The llama (Lama glama) is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era.

text: The

text: llama

text: Lama

text: glama

text: is

text: domesticated

text: South

text: American

text: camelid

text: widely

text: used

text: as

text: meat

text: and

text: pack

text: animal

text: by

text: Andean

text: cultures

text: since

text: the

text: Pre

text: Columbian

text: era

text: Macrauchenia (name meaning "long llama", based on the now superseded Latin term for llamas, "Auchenia", from Greek terms which literally mean "big neck") was a long-necked and long-limbed, three-toed South American ungulate mammal, typifying the order Litopterna. The oldest fossils date back to around 7 million years ago, and "M. patachonica" disappears from the fossil record during the late Pleistocene, around 20,000-10,000 years ago. "M. patachonica" was the best known member of the family Macraucheniidae, and is known only from fossil finds in South America, primarily from the Lujan Formation in Argentina. The original specimen was discovered by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the "Beagle". In life, "Macrauchenia" resembled a humpless camel with a short trunk, though it is not closely related to either camels or proboscideans.

text: Macrauchenia

text: name

text: meaning

text: long

text: llama

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: now

text: superseded

text: Latin

text: term

text: for

text: llamas

text: Auchenia

text: from

text: Greek

text: terms

text: which

text: literally

text: mean

text: big

text: neck

text: was

text: long

text: necked

text: and

text: long

text: limbed

text: three

text: toed

text: South

text: American

text: ungulate

text: mammal

text: typifying

text: the

text: order

text: Litopterna

text: The

text: oldest

text: fossils

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: patachonica

text: disappears

text: from

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: Pleistocene

text: around

text: years

text: ago

text: patachonica

text: was

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Macraucheniidae

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: only

text: from

text: fossil

text: finds

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: primarily

text: from

text: the

text: Lujan

text: Formation

text: in

text: Argentina

text: The

text: original

text: specimen

text: was

text: discovered

text: by

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: during

text: the

text: voyage

text: of

text: the

text: Beagle

text: In

text: life

text: Macrauchenia

text: resembled

text: humpless

text: camel

text: with

text: short

text: trunk

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: either

text: camels

text: or

text: proboscideans

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: parent_taxon theosodon

answer: macraucheniidae

text: macraucheniidae

text: macraucheniidae