text: The is a period in Japanese history marked by social upheaval, political intrigue and near-constant military conflict. Japanese historians named it after the otherwise unrelated Warring States period in China. It came to an end when all political power was unified under the Tokugawa shogunate.

text: The

text: is

text: period

text: in

text: Japanese

text: history

text: marked

text: by

text: social

text: upheaval

text: political

text: intrigue

text: and

text: near

text: constant

text: military

text: conflict

text: Japanese

text: historians

text: named

text: it

text: after

text: the

text: otherwise

text: unrelated

text: Warring

text: States

text: period

text: in

text: China

text: It

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: when

text: all

text: political

text: power

text: was

text: unified

text: under

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: shogunate

text: , also known as Temmon, was a after "Kyroku" and before "Kji". This period spanned from July 1532 through October 1555. The reigning emperor was .

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Temmon

text: was

text: after

text: Kyroku

text: and

text: before

text: Kji

text: This

text: period

text: spanned

text: from

text: July

text: through

text: October

text: The

text: reigning

text: emperor

text: was

text: Honda Tadatoki (   , May 11 , 1596 -- June 30 , 1626 ) was a Japanese daimyo of the early Edo period . Tadatoki was born as the eldest son of Honda Tadamasa . His mother Kumahime was a granddaughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu and Oda Nobunaga . In 1616 , Tadatoki married Senhime , another granddaughter of Ieyasu , and who had been married to Toyotomi Hideyori before Hideyori 's death the Siege of Osaka . As a dowry of his new bride , Tadatoki received 100,000 koku . Tadatoki also sponsored the swordsman Miyamoto Musashi for a time . Musashi taught swordsmanship to Tadatoki 's retainers ; Musashi 's adopted son Mikinosuke served Tadatoki as a page . Tadatoki died of tuberculosis in 1626 . Miyamoto Mikinosuke committed junshi soon afterward , choosing to follow his lord in death

text: Honda

text: Tadatoki

text: May

text: June

text: was

text: Japanese

text: daimyo

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Edo

text: period

text: Tadatoki

text: was

text: born

text: as

text: the

text: eldest

text: son

text: of

text: Honda

text: Tadamasa

text: His

text: mother

text: Kumahime

text: was

text: granddaughter

text: of

text: Tokugawa

text: Ieyasu

text: and

text: Oda

text: Nobunaga

text: In

text: Tadatoki

text: married

text: Senhime

text: another

text: granddaughter

text: of

text: Ieyasu

text: and

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: married

text: to

text: Toyotomi

text: Hideyori

text: before

text: Hideyori

text: 's

text: death

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Osaka

text: As

text: dowry

text: of

text: his

text: new

text: bride

text: Tadatoki

text: received

text: koku

text: Tadatoki

text: also

text: sponsored

text: the

text: swordsman

text: Miyamoto

text: Musashi

text: for

text: time

text: Musashi

text: taught

text: swordsmanship

text: to

text: Tadatoki

text: 's

text: retainers

text: Musashi

text: 's

text: adopted

text: son

text: Mikinosuke

text: served

text: Tadatoki

text: as

text: page

text: Tadatoki

text: died

text: of

text: tuberculosis

text: in

text: Miyamoto

text: Mikinosuke

text: committed

text: junshi

text: soon

text: afterward

text: choosing

text: to

text: follow

text: his

text: lord

text: in

text: death

text: The was a series of battles undertaken by the Tokugawa shogunate against the Toyotomi clan, and ending in that clan's destruction. Divided into two stages (Winter Campaign and Summer Campaign), and lasting from 1614 to 1615, the siege put an end to the last major armed opposition to the shogunate's establishment. The end of the conflict is sometimes called the , because the era name was changed from Keich to Genna immediately following the siege.

text: The

text: was

text: series

text: of

text: battles

text: undertaken

text: by

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: shogunate

text: against

text: the

text: Toyotomi

text: clan

text: and

text: ending

text: in

text: that

text: clan

text: 's

text: destruction

text: Divided

text: into

text: two

text: stages

text: Winter

text: Campaign

text: and

text: Summer

text: Campaign

text: and

text: lasting

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: siege

text: put

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: last

text: major

text: armed

text: opposition

text: to

text: the

text: shogunate

text: 's

text: establishment

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: conflict

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: because

text: the

text: era

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: from

text: Keich

text: to

text: Genna

text: immediately

text: following

text: the

text: siege

text: The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. It originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province (modern-day Aichi Prefecture). Over the course of its history, the clan produced many branches, most of which are also in Mikawa Province. In the 16th century, the main Matsudaira line experienced a meteoric rise to success during the direction of Matsudaira Motoyasu, who changed his name to Tokugawa Ieyasu and became the first Tokugawa shogun. Ieyasu's line formed what became the Tokugawa clan; however, the branches retained the Matsudaira surname. Other branches were formed in the decades after Ieyasu, which bore the Matsudaira surname. Some of those branches were also of "daimy" status.

text: The

text: was

text: Japanese

text: samurai

text: clan

text: that

text: claimed

text: descent

text: from

text: the

text: Minamoto

text: clan

text: It

text: originated

text: in

text: and

text: took

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: Matsudaira

text: village

text: in

text: Mikawa

text: Province

text: modern

text: day

text: Aichi

text: Prefecture

text: Over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: the

text: clan

text: produced

text: many

text: branches

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: also

text: in

text: Mikawa

text: Province

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: main

text: Matsudaira

text: line

text: experienced

text: meteoric

text: rise

text: to

text: success

text: during

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: Matsudaira

text: Motoyasu

text: who

text: changed

text: his

text: name

text: to

text: Tokugawa

text: Ieyasu

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Tokugawa

text: shogun

text: Ieyasu

text: 's

text: line

text: formed

text: what

text: became

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: clan

text: however

text: the

text: branches

text: retained

text: the

text: Matsudaira

text: surname

text: Other

text: branches

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: decades

text: after

text: Ieyasu

text: which

text: bore

text: the

text: Matsudaira

text: surname

text: Some

text: of

text: those

text: branches

text: were

text: also

text: of

text: daimy

text: status

text: Tadamasa's first battle was during the Siege of Odawara, in 1590; he also fought at the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. After his father's retirement in 1609, he succeeded to the Honda family headship, becoming the second generation lord of the Kuwana Domain. Several years later, he took part in the Siege of Osaka, and received the Himeji Domain, with 150,000 koku of revenues, as a reward.

text: Tadamasa

text: 's

text: first

text: battle

text: was

text: during

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Odawara

text: in

text: he

text: also

text: fought

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Sekigahara

text: in

text: After

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: retirement

text: in

text: he

text: succeeded

text: to

text: the

text: Honda

text: family

text: headship

text: becoming

text: the

text: second

text: generation

text: lord

text: of

text: the

text: Kuwana

text: Domain

text: Several

text: years

text: later

text: he

text: took

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: Siege

text: of

text: Osaka

text: and

text: received

text: the

text: Himeji

text: Domain

text: with

text: koku

text: of

text: revenues

text: as

text: reward

text: , first called Jbei from his clan and later from his title, was a samurai and general who lived during the Sengoku period of Feudal Japan. His full name was thus Akechi Jbei Minamoto-no-Mitsuhide (  ).

text: first

text: called

text: Jbei

text: from

text: his

text: clan

text: and

text: later

text: from

text: his

text: title

text: was

text: samurai

text: and

text: general

text: who

text: lived

text: during

text: the

text: Sengoku

text: period

text: of

text: Feudal

text: Japan

text: His

text: full

text: name

text: was

text: thus

text: Akechi

text: Jbei

text: Minamoto

text: no

text: Mitsuhide

text:
Early life (15431556).
Tokugawa Ieyasu was born in Okazaki Castle in Mikawa on the 26th day of the twelfth month of the eleventh year of Tenbun, according to the Japanese calendar. Originally named Matsudaira Takechiyo ( ), he was the son of Matsudaira Hirotada ( ), the "daimy" of Mikawa of the Matsudaira clan, and Odai-no-kata (, Lady Odai), the daughter of a neighbouring samurai lord, Mizuno Tadamasa ( ). His mother and father were step-siblings. They were just 17 and 15 years old, respectively, when Ieyasu was born. Two years later, Odai-no-kata was sent back to her family and the couple never lived together again. As both husband and wife remarried and both went on to have further children, Ieyasu in the end had 11 half-brothers and sisters.

text: Early

text: life

text: Tokugawa

text: Ieyasu

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Okazaki

text: Castle

text: in

text: Mikawa

text: on

text: the

text: day

text: of

text: the

text: twelfth

text: month

text: of

text: the

text: eleventh

text: year

text: of

text: Tenbun

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: calendar

text: Originally

text: named

text: Matsudaira

text: Takechiyo

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Matsudaira

text: Hirotada

text: the

text: daimy

text: of

text: Mikawa

text: of

text: the

text: Matsudaira

text: clan

text: and

text: Odai

text: no

text: kata

text: Lady

text: Odai

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: neighbouring

text: samurai

text: lord

text: Mizuno

text: Tadamasa

text: His

text: mother

text: and

text: father

text: were

text: step

text: siblings

text: They

text: were

text: just

text: and

text: years

text: old

text: respectively

text: when

text: Ieyasu

text: was

text: born

text: Two

text: years

text: later

text: Odai

text: no

text: kata

text: was

text: sent

text: back

text: to

text: her

text: family

text: and

text: the

text: couple

text: never

text: lived

text: together

text: again

text: As

text: both

text: husband

text: and

text: wife

text: remarried

text: and

text: both

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: have

text: further

text: children

text: Ieyasu

text: in

text: the

text: end

text: had

text: half

text: brothers

text: and

text: sisters

text: Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest.

text: Japan

text: Nippon

text: or

text: Nihon

text: formally

text: or

text: Nihon

text: koku

text: means

text: State

text: of

text: Japan

text: is

text: sovereign

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Asia

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: lying

text: off

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Asia

text: Mainland

text: east

text: of

text: China

text: Korea

text: Russia

text: and

text: stretching

text: from

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Okhotsk

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: and

text: near

text: Taiwan

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text:
History.
During the late Heian period and Muromachi period, the area of modern Kuwana was known as and was a major seaport on the east coast of Japan, controlled by a guild of merchants. The poet Socho described it in 1515 as a major city with over a thousand houses, temples and inns. During the Sengoku period, the area came under the control of Oda Nobunaga, who assigned it to his retainer, Takigawa Kazumasu. After Nobunagas death, the area came under the control of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who initially installed Nobunagas younger son Oda Nobukatsu as ruler as all of Ise Province. However, following the Battle of Odawara, Hideyoshi demoted Oda Nobukatsu, divided Ise Province into several domains, and assigned Hitotsuyanagi Naomori as ruler of Kuwana. In 1595, the area was reassigned to Ujiie Yukihiro as a 22,000 "koku" domain. Ujiie Yukihiro sided with the pro-Toyotomi armies in the Battle of Sekigahara and was dispossessed by Tokugawa Ieyasu.

text: History

text: During

text: the

text: late

text: Heian

text: period

text: and

text: Muromachi

text: period

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: modern

text: Kuwana

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: and

text: was

text: major

text: seaport

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: Japan

text: controlled

text: by

text: guild

text: of

text: merchants

text: The

text: poet

text: Socho

text: described

text: it

text: in

text: as

text: major

text: city

text: with

text: over

text: thousand

text: houses

text: temples

text: and

text: inns

text: During

text: the

text: Sengoku

text: period

text: the

text: area

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: Oda

text: Nobunaga

text: who

text: assigned

text: it

text: to

text: his

text: retainer

text: Takigawa

text: Kazumasu

text: After

text: Nobunagas

text: death

text: the

text: area

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: Toyotomi

text: Hideyoshi

text: who

text: initially

text: installed

text: Nobunagas

text: younger

text: son

text: Oda

text: Nobukatsu

text: as

text: ruler

text: as

text: all

text: of

text: Ise

text: Province

text: However

text: following

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Odawara

text: Hideyoshi

text: demoted

text: Oda

text: Nobukatsu

text: divided

text: Ise

text: Province

text: into

text: several

text: domains

text: and

text: assigned

text: Hitotsuyanagi

text: Naomori

text: as

text: ruler

text: of

text: Kuwana

text: In

text: the

text: area

text: was

text: reassigned

text: to

text: Ujiie

text: Yukihiro

text: as

text: koku

text: domain

text: Ujiie

text: Yukihiro

text: sided

text: with

text: the

text: pro

text: Toyotomi

text: armies

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Sekigahara

text: and

text: was

text: dispossessed

text: by

text: Tokugawa

text: Ieyasu

text: He is best known for being the father of Tokugawa Ieyasu, founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate.

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: Tokugawa

text: Ieyasu

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Tokugawa

text: Shogunate

text: KOKU (100.3 FM)  branded as Hit Radio 100  is a commercial contemporary hit radio (CHR) radio station licensed to Hagåtña, Guam. It is owned and operated by Moy Communications Inc.

text: KOKU

text: FM

text: branded

text: as

text: Hit

text: Radio

text: is

text: commercial

text: contemporary

text: hit

text: radio

text: CHR

text: radio

text: station

text: licensed

text: to

text: Hagåtña

text: Guam

text: It

text: is

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: Moy

text: Communications

text: Inc.

text: Japanese calendar types have included a range of official and unofficial systems. At present, Japan uses the Gregorian calendar together with year designations stating the year of the reign of the current Emperor.

text: Japanese

text: calendar

text: types

text: have

text: included

text: range

text: of

text: official

text: and

text: unofficial

text: systems

text: At

text: present

text: Japan

text: uses

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: together

text: with

text: year

text: designations

text: stating

text: the

text: year

text: of

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: Emperor

text:
Historical context.
The goal of national unification and a return to the comparative political stability of the earlier Muromachi period was widely shared by the multitude of autonomous "daimys" during the Sengoku period. Oda Nobunaga was the first for whom this goal seemed attainable. Nobunaga had gained control over most of Honshu (see map below) before his death during the 1582 Honn-ji incident, a coup attempt executed by Nobunaga's vassal, Akechi Mitsuhide. It is not certain whether Nobunaga was killed in the attack or else committed seppuku. The motivations behind Mitsuhide's betrayal was never revealed to anyone who survived the incident, and has been a subject of debate and conjecture ever since the incident.

text: Historical

text: context

text: The

text: goal

text: of

text: national

text: unification

text: and

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: comparative

text: political

text: stability

text: of

text: the

text: earlier

text: Muromachi

text: period

text: was

text: widely

text: shared

text: by

text: the

text: multitude

text: of

text: autonomous

text: daimys

text: during

text: the

text: Sengoku

text: period

text: Oda

text: Nobunaga

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: for

text: whom

text: this

text: goal

text: seemed

text: attainable

text: Nobunaga

text: had

text: gained

text: control

text: over

text: most

text: of

text: Honshu

text: see

text: map

text: below

text: before

text: his

text: death

text: during

text: the

text: Honn

text: ji

text: incident

text: coup

text: attempt

text: executed

text: by

text: Nobunaga

text: 's

text: vassal

text: Akechi

text: Mitsuhide

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: certain

text: whether

text: Nobunaga

text: was

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: attack

text: or

text: else

text: committed

text: seppuku

text: The

text: motivations

text: behind

text: Mitsuhide

text: 's

text: betrayal

text: was

text: never

text: revealed

text: to

text: anyone

text: who

text: survived

text: the

text: incident

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: subject

text: of

text: debate

text: and

text: conjecture

text: ever

text: since

text: the

text: incident

text: The refers to the forced suicide on June 21, 1582, of Japanese daimy Oda Nobunaga at the hands of his samurai general Akechi Mitsuhide. This occurred in Honn-ji, a temple in Kyoto, ending Nobunaga's quest to consolidate centralized power in Japan under his authority.

text: The

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: forced

text: suicide

text: on

text: June

text: of

text: Japanese

text: daimy

text: Oda

text: Nobunaga

text: at

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: his

text: samurai

text: general

text: Akechi

text: Mitsuhide

text: This

text: occurred

text: in

text: Honn

text: ji

text: temple

text: in

text: Kyoto

text: ending

text: Nobunaga

text: 's

text: quest

text: to

text: consolidate

text: centralized

text: power

text: in

text: Japan

text: under

text: his

text: authority

annotations: likely single

question: occupation honda tadatoki

answer: samurai

text: samurai

text: samurai

text: samurai

text: samurai


text: The Adirondack Park Agency (APA) was created in 1971 by New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller as a governmental agency that performs long-range planning for the future of the Adirondack Park. It oversees development plans of private land-owners as well as activities within the Adirondack Forest Preserve. Development by private owners must be reviewed to determine if their plan is compatible with the park. The agency is headquartered in Ray Brook, New York.

text: The

text: Adirondack

text: Park

text: Agency

text: APA

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: Governor

text: Nelson

text: Rockefeller

text: as

text: governmental

text: agency

text: that

text: performs

text: long

text: range

text: planning

text: for

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: the

text: Adirondack

text: Park

text: It

text: oversees

text: development

text: plans

text: of

text: private

text: land

text: owners

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: activities

text: within

text: the

text: Adirondack

text: Forest

text: Preserve

text: Development

text: by

text: private

text: owners

text: must

text: be

text: reviewed

text: to

text: determine

text: if

text: their

text: plan

text: is

text: compatible

text: with

text: the

text: park

text: The

text: agency

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Ray

text: Brook

text: New

text: York

text: South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. It is the only country that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry.

text: South

text: Africa

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: RSA

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: of

text: coastline

text: of

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: stretching

text: along

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Indian

text: Oceans

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: of

text: Namibia

text: Botswana

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: Mozambique

text: and

text: Swaziland

text: and

text: surrounding

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Lesotho

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: with

text: close

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: nation

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: or

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: that

text: borders

text: both

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: About

text: percent

text: of

text: South

text: Africans

text: are

text: of

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: African

text: ancestry

text: divided

text: among

text: variety

text: of

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: speaking

text: different

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: nine

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: official

text: status

text: The

text: remaining

text: population

text: consists

text: of

text: Africa

text: 's

text: largest

text: communities

text: of

text: European

text: white

text: Asian

text: Indian

text: and

text: multiracial

text: coloured

text: ancestry

text: New Zealand is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmassesthat of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Mui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamuand numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland.

text: New

text: Zealand

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: The

text: country

text: geographically

text: comprises

text: two

text: main

text: landmassesthat

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Island

text: or

text: Te

text: Ika

text: Mui

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Island

text: or

text: Te

text: Waipounamuand

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: New

text: Zealand

text: is

text: situated

text: some

text: east

text: of

text: Australia

text: across

text: the

text: Tasman

text: Sea

text: and

text: roughly

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: island

text: areas

text: of

text: New

text: Caledonia

text: Fiji

text: and

text: Tonga

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: remoteness

text: it

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: lands

text: to

text: be

text: settled

text: by

text: humans

text: During

text: its

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: isolation

text: New

text: Zealand

text: developed

text: distinct

text: biodiversity

text: of

text: animal

text: fungal

text: and

text: plant

text: life

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: varied

text: topography

text: and

text: its

text: sharp

text: mountain

text: peaks

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Southern

text: Alps

text: owe

text: much

text: to

text: the

text: tectonic

text: uplift

text: of

text: land

text: and

text: volcanic

text: eruptions

text: New

text: Zealand

text: 's

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Wellington

text: while

text: its

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Auckland

text: The Adirondack Park is a part of New York's Forest Preserve in Upstate New York, United States. The park's boundary corresponds to the Adirondack Mountains. Unlike most preserves, about 52 per cent of the land is privately owned inholdings heavily regulated by the Adirondack Park Agency. This area contains 102 towns and villages, as well as numerous farms, businesses, and an active timber harvesting industry. The year-round population is 132,000, with 200,000 seasonal residents. The inclusion of human communities makes the park one of the great experiments in conservation in the industrialized world.

text: The

text: Adirondack

text: Park

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: Forest

text: Preserve

text: in

text: Upstate

text: New

text: York

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: park

text: 's

text: boundary

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: Adirondack

text: Mountains

text: Unlike

text: most

text: preserves

text: about

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: is

text: privately

text: owned

text: inholdings

text: heavily

text: regulated

text: by

text: the

text: Adirondack

text: Park

text: Agency

text: This

text: area

text: contains

text: towns

text: and

text: villages

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: numerous

text: farms

text: businesses

text: and

text: an

text: active

text: timber

text: harvesting

text: industry

text: The

text: year

text: round

text: population

text: is

text: with

text: seasonal

text: residents

text: The

text: inclusion

text: of

text: human

text: communities

text: makes

text: the

text: park

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: experiments

text: in

text: conservation

text: in

text: the

text: industrialized

text: world

text: The Adirondack Mountains form a massif in the northeast of Upstate New York in the United States. Its boundaries correspond to the boundaries of Adirondack Park. The mountains form a roughly circular dome, about in diameter and about high. The current relief owes much to glaciation.

text: The

text: Adirondack

text: Mountains

text: form

text: massif

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: Upstate

text: New

text: York

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Its

text: boundaries

text: correspond

text: to

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Adirondack

text: Park

text: The

text: mountains

text: form

text: roughly

text: circular

text: dome

text: about

text: in

text: diameter

text: and

text: about

text: high

text: The

text: current

text: relief

text: owes

text: much

text: to

text: glaciation

text: The Sacandaga River is a river in the northern part of New York in the United States. Its name comes from the Native American "Sa-chen-da'-ga", meaning "overflowed lands".

text: The

text: Sacandaga

text: River

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Native

text: American

text: Sa

text: chen

text: da'-ga

text: meaning

text: overflowed

text: lands

text: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.

text: Australia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: continent

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: are

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: East

text: Timor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Australia

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Canberra

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: Sydney

text: A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague.

text: river

text: is

text: natural

text: flowing

text: watercourse

text: usually

text: freshwater

text: flowing

text: towards

text: an

text: ocean

text: sea

text: lake

text: or

text: another

text: river

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: river

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: becomes

text: dry

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: its

text: course

text: without

text: reaching

text: another

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Small

text: rivers

text: can

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: using

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: stream

text: creek

text: brook

text: rivulet

text: and

text: rill

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: definitions

text: for

text: the

text: generic

text: term

text: river

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: geographic

text: features

text: although

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: or

text: communities

text: stream

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: size

text: Many

text: names

text: for

text: small

text: rivers

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: geographic

text: location

text: examples

text: are

text: run

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: burn

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: northeast

text: England

text: and

text: beck

text: in

text: northern

text: England

text: Sometimes

text: river

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: larger

text: than

text: creek

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: vague

text: The Silver Lake Wilderness Area , an Adirondack Park unit of the Forest Preserve , is located in the towns of Lake Pleasant , Benson , Wells and Arietta in Hamilton County and is roughly bounded on the north by NY 8 and private lands near Piseco Lake , Oxbow Lake , Hamilton Lake , Sand Lake and Lake Pleasant ; on the east by NY 30 ; on the south generally by the Hamilton County line ; and on the west by NY 10 , the West Branch of the Sacandaga River and the Piseco Outlet . The area contains 48 bodies of water covering 569 acres ( 2.3 km2 ) , 26.5 miles ( 42.6 km ) of foot trails , and 2 lean - tos .

text: The

text: Silver

text: Lake

text: Wilderness

text: Area

text: an

text: Adirondack

text: Park

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Forest

text: Preserve

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: towns

text: of

text: Lake

text: Pleasant

text: Benson

text: Wells

text: and

text: Arietta

text: in

text: Hamilton

text: County

text: and

text: is

text: roughly

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: NY

text: and

text: private

text: lands

text: near

text: Piseco

text: Lake

text: Oxbow

text: Lake

text: Hamilton

text: Lake

text: Sand

text: Lake

text: and

text: Lake

text: Pleasant

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: NY

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: generally

text: by

text: the

text: Hamilton

text: County

text: line

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: NY

text: the

text: West

text: Branch

text: of

text: the

text: Sacandaga

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Piseco

text: Outlet

text: The

text: area

text: contains

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: covering

text: acres

text: miles

text: km

text: of

text: foot

text: trails

text: and

text: lean

text: tos

text: A wilderness area is a region where the land is in a natural state; where impacts from human activities are minimalthat is, as a wilderness. It might also be called a "wild" or "natural" area. Especially in wealthier, industrialized nations, it has a specific legal meaning as well: as land where development is prohibited by law. Many nations have designated Wilderness Areas, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States.

text: wilderness

text: area

text: is

text: region

text: where

text: the

text: land

text: is

text: in

text: natural

text: state

text: where

text: impacts

text: from

text: human

text: activities

text: are

text: minimalthat

text: is

text: as

text: wilderness

text: It

text: might

text: also

text: be

text: called

text: wild

text: or

text: natural

text: area

text: Especially

text: in

text: wealthier

text: industrialized

text: nations

text: it

text: has

text: specific

text: legal

text: meaning

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: land

text: where

text: development

text: is

text: prohibited

text: by

text: law

text: Many

text: nations

text: have

text: designated

text: Wilderness

text: Areas

text: including

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: New

text: Zealand

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Upstate New York is the portion of the American state of New York lying north of New York City. The region includes most of the state of New York, excluding New York City and its environs, as well as Long Island, though the precise boundary is debated. Upstate New York includes the major cities of Buffalo, Rochester, Albany, and Syracuse.

text: Upstate

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: lying

text: north

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: region

text: includes

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: excluding

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: its

text: environs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Long

text: Island

text: though

text: the

text: precise

text: boundary

text: is

text: debated

text: Upstate

text: New

text: York

text: includes

text: the

text: major

text: cities

text: of

text: Buffalo

text: Rochester

text: Albany

text: and

text: Syracuse

text:
An inholding is privately owned land inside the boundary of a national park, national forest, state park, or similar publicly owned, protected area. In-holdings result from private ownership of lands predating the designation of the park or forest area, or the expansion of the park area to encompass the privately owned property.
In the United States, the main causes of inholdings is that all of the Federal land-management agencies were formed over a century after the government sold and issued land grants to private citizens to fund the administration of the United States. When the park system was formed, many of these now-called "in-holdings" had been in private ownership for generations and not available for sale when the park was formed.
Over the last several decades, conservation groups have lobbied the United States Congress to acquire private residences especially within designated wilderness areas, either by direct purchase or via land exchange which trades the inholding for other federal lands located outside of national parks or wilderness areas.

text: An

text: inholding

text: is

text: privately

text: owned

text: land

text: inside

text: the

text: boundary

text: of

text: national

text: park

text: national

text: forest

text: state

text: park

text: or

text: similar

text: publicly

text: owned

text: protected

text: area

text: In

text: holdings

text: result

text: from

text: private

text: ownership

text: of

text: lands

text: predating

text: the

text: designation

text: of

text: the

text: park

text: or

text: forest

text: area

text: or

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: park

text: area

text: to

text: encompass

text: the

text: privately

text: owned

text: property

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: main

text: causes

text: of

text: inholdings

text: is

text: that

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: land

text: management

text: agencies

text: were

text: formed

text: over

text: century

text: after

text: the

text: government

text: sold

text: and

text: issued

text: land

text: grants

text: to

text: private

text: citizens

text: to

text: fund

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: When

text: the

text: park

text: system

text: was

text: formed

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: now

text: called

text: in

text: holdings

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: private

text: ownership

text: for

text: generations

text: and

text: not

text: available

text: for

text: sale

text: when

text: the

text: park

text: was

text: formed

text: Over

text: the

text: last

text: several

text: decades

text: conservation

text: groups

text: have

text: lobbied

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Congress

text: to

text: acquire

text: private

text: residences

text: especially

text: within

text: designated

text: wilderness

text: areas

text: either

text: by

text: direct

text: purchase

text: or

text: via

text: land

text: exchange

text: which

text: trades

text: the

text: inholding

text: for

text: other

text: federal

text: lands

text: located

text: outside

text: of

text: national

text: parks

text: or

text: wilderness

text: areas

text: Wilderness or wildland is a natural environment on Earth that has not been significantly modified by civilized human activity. It may also be defined as: "The most intact, undisturbed wild natural areas left on our planetthose last truly wild places that humans do not control and have not developed with roads, pipelines or other industrial infrastructure."

text: Wilderness

text: or

text: wildland

text: is

text: natural

text: environment

text: on

text: Earth

text: that

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: significantly

text: modified

text: by

text: civilized

text: human

text: activity

text: It

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: defined

text: as

text: The

text: most

text: intact

text: undisturbed

text: wild

text: natural

text: areas

text: left

text: on

text: our

text: planetthose

text: last

text: truly

text: wild

text: places

text: that

text: humans

text: do

text: not

text: control

text: and

text: have

text: not

text: developed

text: with

text: roads

text: pipelines

text: or

text: other

text: industrial

text: infrastructure

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity silver lake wilderness area

answer: new york

text: new york

text: new york

text: new york

text: new york

text: new york

text: new york

text: new york

text: new york

text: new york

text: new york

text: new york

text: new york


text: A big band is a type of musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late 1940s. Big Bands evolved with the times and continue to today. A big band typically consists of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contains saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. The terms jazz band, jazz ensemble, stage band, jazz orchestra, and dance band are also used to refer to this type of ensemble. This does not, however, mean that each one of these names is technically correct for naming a "big band" specifically.

text: big

text: band

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: associated

text: with

text: playing

text: jazz

text: music

text: and

text: which

text: became

text: popular

text: during

text: the

text: Swing

text: Era

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: Big

text: Bands

text: evolved

text: with

text: the

text: times

text: and

text: continue

text: to

text: today

text: big

text: band

text: typically

text: consists

text: of

text: approximately

text: to

text: musicians

text: and

text: contains

text: saxophones

text: trumpets

text: trombones

text: and

text: rhythm

text: section

text: The

text: terms

text: jazz

text: band

text: jazz

text: ensemble

text: stage

text: band

text: jazz

text: orchestra

text: and

text: dance

text: band

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: ensemble

text: This

text: does

text: not

text: however

text: mean

text: that

text: each

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: names

text: is

text: technically

text: correct

text: for

text: naming

text: big

text: band

text: specifically

text: Petula Clark, CBE (born Sally Olwen Clark, 15 November 1932) is an English singer, actress and composer whose career has spanned seven decades.

text: Petula

text: Clark

text: CBE

text: born

text: Sally

text: Olwen

text: Clark

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: singer

text: actress

text: and

text: composer

text: whose

text: career

text: has

text: spanned

text: seven

text: decades

text: Non Stop Dancing ' 65 is a 1965 album by the James Last Band , conducted and arranged by James Last , engineered by Peter Klemt , recorded at Polydor studios in Hamburg , Germany . This album was the first in a series of about 30 Non Stop Dancing albums . The final official entry of the series was in 1984 , although Last continued to make a few similar albums ( Für alle , 1985 ; Dance , Dance , Dance , 1988 ; New Party Classics , 2002 ) .

text: Non

text: Stop

text: Dancing

text: is

text: album

text: by

text: the

text: James

text: Last

text: Band

text: conducted

text: and

text: arranged

text: by

text: James

text: Last

text: engineered

text: by

text: Peter

text: Klemt

text: recorded

text: at

text: Polydor

text: studios

text: in

text: Hamburg

text: Germany

text: This

text: album

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: about

text: Non

text: Stop

text: Dancing

text: albums

text: The

text: final

text: official

text: entry

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: was

text: in

text: although

text: Last

text: continued

text: to

text: make

text: few

text: similar

text: albums

text: Für

text: alle

text: Dance

text: Dance

text: Dance

text: New

text: Party

text: Classics

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The James Last Orchestra was a German cum-multi National big-band orchestra. The orchestra was established in 1964 as a studio orchestra, led by jazz musician Hans Last. The orchestra started touring in 1968 and has been very popular worldwide. From 1967, Polydor Records named him 'James Last', as they thought the name 'James' would be more suitable for the international market.

text: The

text: James

text: Last

text: Orchestra

text: was

text: German

text: cum

text: multi

text: National

text: big

text: band

text: orchestra

text: The

text: orchestra

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: as

text: studio

text: orchestra

text: led

text: by

text: jazz

text: musician

text: Hans

text: Last

text: The

text: orchestra

text: started

text: touring

text: in

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: very

text: popular

text: worldwide

text: From

text: Polydor

text: Records

text: named

text: him

text: James

text: Last

text: as

text: they

text: thought

text: the

text: name

text: James

text: would

text: be

text: more

text: suitable

text: for

text: the

text: international

text: market

text: James Last (born Hans Last; 17 April 1929  9 June 2015), also known as Hansi, was a German composer and big band leader of the James Last Orchestra. Initially a jazz bassist (Last won the award for "best bassist in Germany in each of the years 19501952), his trademark "happy music" made his numerous albums best-sellers in Germany and the United Kingdom, with 65 of his albums reaching the charts in the UK alone. His composition "Happy Heart" became an international success in interpretations by Andy Williams and Petula Clark.

text: James

text: Last

text: born

text: Hans

text: Last

text: April

text: June

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Hansi

text: was

text: German

text: composer

text: and

text: big

text: band

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: James

text: Last

text: Orchestra

text: Initially

text: jazz

text: bassist

text: Last

text: won

text: the

text: award

text: for

text: best

text: bassist

text: in

text: Germany

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: years

text: his

text: trademark

text: happy

text: music

text: made

text: his

text: numerous

text: albums

text: best

text: sellers

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: with

text: of

text: his

text: albums

text: reaching

text: the

text: charts

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: alone

text: His

text: composition

text: Happy

text: Heart

text: became

text: an

text: international

text: success

text: in

text: interpretations

text: by

text: Andy

text: Williams

text: and

text: Petula

text: Clark

text: Jazz bass is the use of the double bass or bass guitar to improvise accompaniment ("comping") basslines and solos in a jazz or jazz fusion style. Players began using the double bass in jazz in the 1890s to supply the low-pitched walking basslines that outlined the chord progressions of the songs. From the 1920s and 1930s Swing and big band era, through 1940s Bebop and 1950s Hard Bop, to the 1960s-era "free jazz" movement, the resonant, woody sound of the double bass anchored everything from small jazz combos to large jazz big bands.

text: Jazz

text: bass

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: double

text: bass

text: or

text: bass

text: guitar

text: to

text: improvise

text: accompaniment

text: comping

text: basslines

text: and

text: solos

text: in

text: jazz

text: or

text: jazz

text: fusion

text: style

text: Players

text: began

text: using

text: the

text: double

text: bass

text: in

text: jazz

text: in

text: the

text: to

text: supply

text: the

text: low

text: pitched

text: walking

text: basslines

text: that

text: outlined

text: the

text: chord

text: progressions

text: of

text: the

text: songs

text: From

text: the

text: and

text: Swing

text: and

text: big

text: band

text: era

text: through

text: Bebop

text: and

text: Hard

text: Bop

text: to

text: the

text: era

text: free

text: jazz

text: movement

text: the

text: resonant

text: woody

text: sound

text: of

text: the

text: double

text: bass

text: anchored

text: everything

text: from

text: small

text: jazz

text: combos

text: to

text: large

text: jazz

text: big

text: bands

annotations: likely multiple

question: record_label non stop dancing 65

answer: polydor records

text: polydor records


text: Villa Elisa is a city in the center-east of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina. It has 9,334 inhabitants as per the . It is located about 25 west of Colón and 20 km from the Uruguay River, on National Route 130.

text: Villa

text: Elisa

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Entre

text: Ríos

text: Argentina

text: It

text: has

text: inhabitants

text: as

text: per

text: the

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: about

text: west

text: of

text: Colón

text: and

text: km

text: from

text: the

text: Uruguay

text: River

text: on

text: National

text: Route

text: The Uruguay River is a river in South America. It flows from north to south and forms parts of the boundaries of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, separating some of the Argentine provinces of La Mesopotamia from the other two countries. It passes between the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil; forms the eastern border of the provinces of Misiones, Corrientes, and Entre Ríos in Argentina; and makes up the western borders of the departments of Artigas, Salto, Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano, and Colonia in Uruguay.

text: The

text: Uruguay

text: River

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: flows

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: and

text: forms

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Brazil

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Uruguay

text: separating

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: Argentine

text: provinces

text: of

text: La

text: Mesopotamia

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: countries

text: It

text: passes

text: between

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Santa

text: Catarina

text: and

text: Rio

text: Grande

text: do

text: Sul

text: in

text: Brazil

text: forms

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Misiones

text: Corrientes

text: and

text: Entre

text: Ríos

text: in

text: Argentina

text: and

text: makes

text: up

text: the

text: western

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: departments

text: of

text: Artigas

text: Salto

text: Paysandú

text: Río

text: Negro

text: Soriano

text: and

text: Colonia

text: in

text: Uruguay

text: Ricardo Daniel Noir Meyer ( born 26 February 1987 in Villa Elisa , Entre Ríos ) is an Argentine football striker currently playing for Racing . Ricardo Noir worked with his father before trialling for the Youth Divisions of Boca Juniors in 2003 and getting selected . Noir made his professional debut on 17 May 2008 coming on as a substitute in a game against Racing Club , he scored the winning goal in the 5th minute of added time . He played for Barcelona SC on a one - year loan from Boca Juniors for 2010 season .

text: Ricardo

text: Daniel

text: Noir

text: Meyer

text: born

text: February

text: in

text: Villa

text: Elisa

text: Entre

text: Ríos

text: is

text: an

text: Argentine

text: football

text: striker

text: currently

text: playing

text: for

text: Racing

text: Ricardo

text: Noir

text: worked

text: with

text: his

text: father

text: before

text: trialling

text: for

text: the

text: Youth

text: Divisions

text: of

text: Boca

text: Juniors

text: in

text: and

text: getting

text: selected

text: Noir

text: made

text: his

text: professional

text: debut

text: on

text: May

text: coming

text: on

text: as

text: substitute

text: in

text: game

text: against

text: Racing

text: Club

text: he

text: scored

text: the

text: winning

text: goal

text: in

text: the

text: minute

text: of

text: added

text: time

text: He

text: played

text: for

text: Barcelona

text: SC

text: on

text: one

text: year

text: loan

text: from

text: Boca

text: Juniors

text: for

text: season

question: country_of_citizenship ricardo noir

answer: argentina

text: argentina

text: argentina

text: argentina


text: Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (German: ), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates the two countries. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.

text: Namibia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Namibia

text: German

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: whose

text: western

text: border

text: is

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Zambia

text: and

text: Angola

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Botswana

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Although

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Zimbabwe

text: part

text: of

text: less

text: than

text: metres

text: of

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: River

text: essentially

text: small

text: bulge

text: in

text: Botswana

text: to

text: achieve

text: Botswana

text: Zambia

text: micro

text: border

text: separates

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: Namibia

text: gained

text: independence

text: from

text: South

text: Africa

text: on

text: March

text: following

text: the

text: Namibian

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Windhoek

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: the

text: Southern

text: African

text: Development

text: Community

text: SADC

text: the

text: African

text: Union

text: AU

text: and

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: The Republic of Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka, in the south-central part of Zambia. The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest, the core economic hubs of the country.

text: The

text: Republic

text: of

text: Zambia

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: neighbouring

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Tanzania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Malawi

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Mozambique

text: Zimbabwe

text: Botswana

text: and

text: Namibia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Angola

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Lusaka

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: Zambia

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: concentrated

text: mainly

text: around

text: Lusaka

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Copperbelt

text: Province

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: the

text: core

text: economic

text: hubs

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west and southwest, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique to the east and northeast. Although it does not border Namibia, less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly 13 million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used.

text: Zimbabwe

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Zimbabwe

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: between

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: and

text: Limpopo

text: Rivers

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Botswana

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: Zambia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Mozambique

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: Although

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Namibia

text: less

text: than

text: metres

text: of

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: River

text: separates

text: it

text: from

text: that

text: country

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Harare

text: country

text: of

text: roughly

text: million

text: people

text: Zimbabwe

text: has

text: official

text: languages

text: with

text: English

text: Shona

text: and

text: Ndebele

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: Robert Gabriel Mugabe (born 21 February 1924) is a Zimbabwean revolutionary and politician who has governed the Republic of Zimbabwe as its President since 1987, having previously governed as its Prime Minister from 1980 to 1987. Ideologically an African nationalist and socialist, he has led the Zimbabwe African National Union  Patriotic Front (ZANUPF) party since 1975.

text: Robert

text: Gabriel

text: Mugabe

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: Zimbabwean

text: revolutionary

text: and

text: politician

text: who

text: has

text: governed

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Zimbabwe

text: as

text: its

text: President

text: since

text: having

text: previously

text: governed

text: as

text: its

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: from

text: to

text: Ideologically

text: an

text: African

text: nationalist

text: and

text: socialist

text: he

text: has

text: led

text: the

text: Zimbabwe

text: African

text: National

text: Union

text: Patriotic

text: Front

text: ZANUPF

text: party

text: since

text: The Limpopo River rises in central southern Africa, and flows generally eastwards to the Indian Ocean. The term Limpopo is the modified version of the original Sepedi name "diphororo tša meetse", meaning gushing strong waterfalls". The river is approximately long, with a drainage basin in size. The mean discharge measured over a year is 170 m/s (6,200 cu ft/s) at its mouth. The Limpopo is the second largest river in Africa that drains to the Indian Ocean, after the Zambezi River.

text: The

text: Limpopo

text: River

text: rises

text: in

text: central

text: southern

text: Africa

text: and

text: flows

text: generally

text: eastwards

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: The

text: term

text: Limpopo

text: is

text: the

text: modified

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: Sepedi

text: name

text: diphororo

text: tša

text: meetse

text: meaning

text: gushing

text: strong

text: waterfalls

text: The

text: river

text: is

text: approximately

text: long

text: with

text: drainage

text: basin

text: in

text: size

text: The

text: mean

text: discharge

text: measured

text: over

text: year

text: is

text: cu

text: ft

text: at

text: its

text: mouth

text: The

text: Limpopo

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: river

text: in

text: Africa

text: that

text: drains

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: after

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: River

text: South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. It is the only country that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry.

text: South

text: Africa

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: RSA

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: of

text: coastline

text: of

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: stretching

text: along

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Indian

text: Oceans

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: of

text: Namibia

text: Botswana

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: Mozambique

text: and

text: Swaziland

text: and

text: surrounding

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Lesotho

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: with

text: close

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: nation

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: or

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: that

text: borders

text: both

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: About

text: percent

text: of

text: South

text: Africans

text: are

text: of

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: African

text: ancestry

text: divided

text: among

text: variety

text: of

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: speaking

text: different

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: nine

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: official

text: status

text: The

text: remaining

text: population

text: consists

text: of

text: Africa

text: 's

text: largest

text: communities

text: of

text: European

text: white

text: Asian

text: Indian

text: and

text: multiracial

text: coloured

text: ancestry

text: Nathan Shamuyarira ( 29 September 1928 -- 4 June 2014 ) was a Zimbabwean nationalist who at different times fought on behalf of and helped lead FROLIZI , ZANU , and ZAPU . He later served as the Information Minister of Zimbabwe and as the Information Secretary of ZANU PF . He was writing President Robert Mugabe 's biography at the time of his death . Nathan Shamuyarira implanted the policy of vetting foreign journalists , renewing their licences every month . This was a way of weeding out government and Zanu PF critics . Very few people realised the dark side of this policy until too late when opposition politics was being neutered

text: Nathan

text: Shamuyarira

text: September

text: June

text: was

text: Zimbabwean

text: nationalist

text: who

text: at

text: different

text: times

text: fought

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: and

text: helped

text: lead

text: FROLIZI

text: ZANU

text: and

text: ZAPU

text: He

text: later

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Information

text: Minister

text: of

text: Zimbabwe

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: Information

text: Secretary

text: of

text: ZANU

text: PF

text: He

text: was

text: writing

text: President

text: Robert

text: Mugabe

text: 's

text: biography

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: Nathan

text: Shamuyarira

text: implanted

text: the

text: policy

text: of

text: vetting

text: foreign

text: journalists

text: renewing

text: their

text: licences

text: every

text: month

text: This

text: was

text: way

text: of

text: weeding

text: out

text: government

text: and

text: Zanu

text: PF

text: critics

text: Very

text: few

text: people

text: realised

text: the

text: dark

text: side

text: of

text: this

text: policy

text: until

text: too

text: late

text: when

text: opposition

text: politics

text: was

text: being

text: neutered

text: The Zimbabwe African National Union  Patriotic Front (ZANUPF) has been the ruling party in Zimbabwe since independence in 1980. The party has been led by Robert Mugabe, first as Prime Minister with the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and then as President from 1988 after merger with the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) and retaining the name ZANUPF. In the 2008 parliamentary election, the ZANUPF lost sole control of parliament for the first time in party history and brokered a difficult power-sharing deal with the Movement for Democratic Change  Tsvangirai (MDC), but subsequently won the 2013 election and gained a two-thirds majority.

text: The

text: Zimbabwe

text: African

text: National

text: Union

text: Patriotic

text: Front

text: ZANUPF

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: ruling

text: party

text: in

text: Zimbabwe

text: since

text: independence

text: in

text: The

text: party

text: has

text: been

text: led

text: by

text: Robert

text: Mugabe

text: first

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: with

text: the

text: Zimbabwe

text: African

text: National

text: Union

text: ZANU

text: and

text: then

text: as

text: President

text: from

text: after

text: merger

text: with

text: the

text: Zimbabwe

text: African

text: People

text: 's

text: Union

text: ZAPU

text: and

text: retaining

text: the

text: name

text: ZANUPF

text: In

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: election

text: the

text: ZANUPF

text: lost

text: sole

text: control

text: of

text: parliament

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: party

text: history

text: and

text: brokered

text: difficult

text: power

text: sharing

text: deal

text: with

text: the

text: Movement

text: for

text: Democratic

text: Change

text: Tsvangirai

text: MDC

text: but

text: subsequently

text: won

text: the

text: election

text: and

text: gained

text: two

text: thirds

text: majority

text: Botswana , officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens refer to themselves as "Batswana" (singular: "Motswana"). Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has maintained a strong tradition of stable representative democracy, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections.

text: Botswana

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Botswana

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: The

text: citizens

text: refer

text: to

text: themselves

text: as

text: Batswana

text: singular

text: Motswana

text: Formerly

text: the

text: British

text: protectorate

text: of

text: Bechuanaland

text: Botswana

text: adopted

text: its

text: new

text: name

text: after

text: becoming

text: independent

text: within

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: on

text: September

text: Since

text: then

text: it

text: has

text: maintained

text: strong

text: tradition

text: of

text: stable

text: representative

text: democracy

text: with

text: consistent

text: record

text: of

text: uninterrupted

text: democratic

text: elections

text: Mozambique (or ), officially the Republic of Mozambique (or "") is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest. It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city is Maputo (known as "Lourenço Marques" before independence).

text: Mozambique

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Mozambique

text: or

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Africa

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Tanzania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Malawi

text: and

text: Zambia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Zimbabwe

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Swaziland

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Madagascar

text: by

text: the

text: Mozambique

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Maputo

text: known

text: as

text: Lourenço

text: Marques

text: before

text: independence

text: The Zimbabwe African National Union was a militant organization that fought against the white minority government in Rhodesia, formed as a split from the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU). ZANU won the 1980 elections under the leadership of Robert Mugabe, and seven years later merged with Joshua Nkomo's ZAPU to form ZANU-PF.

text: The

text: Zimbabwe

text: African

text: National

text: Union

text: was

text: militant

text: organization

text: that

text: fought

text: against

text: the

text: white

text: minority

text: government

text: in

text: Rhodesia

text: formed

text: as

text: split

text: from

text: the

text: Zimbabwe

text: African

text: People

text: 's

text: Union

text: ZAPU

text: ZANU

text: won

text: the

text: elections

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Robert

text: Mugabe

text: and

text: seven

text: years

text: later

text: merged

text: with

text: Joshua

text: Nkomo

text: 's

text: ZAPU

text: to

text: form

text: ZANU

text: PF

candidates: zimbabwe african national union – patriotic front

question: member_of_political_party nathan shamuyarira

answer: zimbabwe african national union – patriotic front


text: At the end of each Major League Baseball season, the league leaders of various statistical categories are announced. Leading the league in a particular category is referred to as a "title".

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: each

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: season

text: the

text: league

text: leaders

text: of

text: various

text: statistical

text: categories

text: are

text: announced

text: Leading

text: the

text: league

text: in

text: particular

text: category

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: title

text: The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a minor league based in the Great Lakes states, which eventually aspired to major league status. It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season, 25 years after the formation of the National League (the "Senior Circuit").

text: The

text: American

text: League

text: of

text: Professional

text: Baseball

text: Clubs

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: AL

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: leagues

text: that

text: make

text: up

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: It

text: developed

text: from

text: the

text: Western

text: League

text: minor

text: league

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: states

text: which

text: eventually

text: aspired

text: to

text: major

text: league

text: status

text: It

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Junior

text: Circuit

text: because

text: it

text: claimed

text: Major

text: League

text: status

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: the

text: Senior

text: Circuit

text: The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the National League (NL), is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, and the world's oldest current professional team sports league. Founded on February 2, 1876, to replace the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, it is sometimes called the Senior Circuit, in contrast to MLB's other league, the American League, which was founded 25 years later. Both leagues currently have 15 teams. The two league champions of 1903 arranged to compete against each other in the inaugural World Series. After the 1904 champions failed to reach a similar agreement, the two leagues formalized the World Series as an arrangement between the leagues. National League teams have won 48 of the 112 World Series contested from 1903 to 2016. The 2016 National League champions are the Chicago Cubs.

text: The

text: National

text: League

text: of

text: Professional

text: Baseball

text: Clubs

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: is

text: the

text: older

text: of

text: two

text: leagues

text: constituting

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: current

text: professional

text: team

text: sports

text: league

text: Founded

text: on

text: February

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Professional

text: Base

text: Ball

text: Players

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Senior

text: Circuit

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: MLB

text: 's

text: other

text: league

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: years

text: later

text: Both

text: leagues

text: currently

text: have

text: teams

text: The

text: two

text: league

text: champions

text: of

text: arranged

text: to

text: compete

text: against

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: the

text: inaugural

text: World

text: Series

text: After

text: the

text: champions

text: failed

text: to

text: reach

text: similar

text: agreement

text: the

text: two

text: leagues

text: formalized

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: as

text: an

text: arrangement

text: between

text: the

text: leagues

text: National

text: League

text: teams

text: have

text: won

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: contested

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: National

text: League

text: champions

text: are

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: The Western League is a name given to several circuits in American minor league baseball . Its earliest progenitor , which existed from 1885 to 1899 , was the predecessor of the American League . During the 20th century , there were four incarnations of the Western League , including a Class D loop that played from 1939 -- 41 and an independent loop ( outside of `` organized baseball '' ) that began play in 1995 . This article , however , concentrates on the two Class A leagues that played from 1900 -- 37 and from 1947 -- 58 . The minor leagues went unclassified through 1901 . From 1902 until 1911 , Class A was the highest level in the minor leagues . In 1912 , a new top tier , Class AA , was created ; in 1936 , a second tier , Class A1 , came into being . In 1946 , the Class AA leagues were renamed AAA , and the A1 loops were renamed AA . Thus the Western League -- whose clubs were actually located in the Great Plains , Rocky Mountain States , the Upper Midwest and the Upper Southwest -- was a top - level minor league until 1911 , then two levels below Major League Baseball through 1935 , and three steps removed in 1936 -- 37 and when it was revived in 1947 during the post-war minor league baseball boom . Its longest - serving franchise was located in Des Moines , Iowa , which joined the WL in 1900 and played continuously through 1937 , when the league shut down during the Great Depression . Des Moines then rejoined the reborn Western circuit when Colorado Senator Edwin C. Johnson founded it in 1947 ; this team , a Chicago Cubs affiliate called the Des Moines Bruins , then played for the final 12 years of the league 's existence .

text: The

text: Western

text: League

text: is

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: several

text: circuits

text: in

text: American

text: minor

text: league

text: baseball

text: Its

text: earliest

text: progenitor

text: which

text: existed

text: from

text: to

text: was

text: the

text: predecessor

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: there

text: were

text: four

text: incarnations

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: League

text: including

text: Class

text: loop

text: that

text: played

text: from

text: and

text: an

text: independent

text: loop

text: outside

text: of

text: organized

text: baseball

text: that

text: began

text: play

text: in

text: This

text: article

text: however

text: concentrates

text: on

text: the

text: two

text: Class

text: leagues

text: that

text: played

text: from

text: and

text: from

text: The

text: minor

text: leagues

text: went

text: unclassified

text: through

text: From

text: until

text: Class

text: was

text: the

text: highest

text: level

text: in

text: the

text: minor

text: leagues

text: In

text: new

text: top

text: tier

text: Class

text: AA

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: second

text: tier

text: Class

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: In

text: the

text: Class

text: AA

text: leagues

text: were

text: renamed

text: AAA

text: and

text: the

text: loops

text: were

text: renamed

text: AA

text: Thus

text: the

text: Western

text: League

text: whose

text: clubs

text: were

text: actually

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: Rocky

text: Mountain

text: States

text: the

text: Upper

text: Midwest

text: and

text: the

text: Upper

text: Southwest

text: was

text: top

text: level

text: minor

text: league

text: until

text: then

text: two

text: levels

text: below

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: through

text: and

text: three

text: steps

text: removed

text: in

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: revived

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: post

text: war

text: minor

text: league

text: baseball

text: boom

text: Its

text: longest

text: serving

text: franchise

text: was

text: located

text: in

text: Des

text: Moines

text: Iowa

text: which

text: joined

text: the

text: WL

text: in

text: and

text: played

text: continuously

text: through

text: when

text: the

text: league

text: shut

text: down

text: during

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: Des

text: Moines

text: then

text: rejoined

text: the

text: reborn

text: Western

text: circuit

text: when

text: Colorado

text: Senator

text: Edwin

text: Johnson

text: founded

text: it

text: in

text: this

text: team

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: affiliate

text: called

text: the

text: Des

text: Moines

text: Bruins

text: then

text: played

text: for

text: the

text: final

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: existence

question: instance_of western league

answer: sports league

text: sports league


text: Tum Haseen Main Jawan is a 1970 Hindi movie directed by Bhappi Sonie . The film stars Dharmendra , Hema Malini , Pran , Helen and Rajindernath .

text: Tum

text: Haseen

text: Main

text: Jawan

text: is

text: Hindi

text: movie

text: directed

text: by

text: Bhappi

text: Sonie

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Dharmendra

text: Hema

text: Malini

text: Pran

text: Helen

text: and

text: Rajindernath

text: Dharamdev Anand (26 September 1923  3 December 2011), better known as Dev Anand, was an Indian film actor, writer, director, producer, and comedian known for his notable works in the history of Indian cinema. Part of the Anand family, he co-founded Navketan Films in 1949 with his elder brother Chetan Anand. Anand is regarded as one of the most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema.

text: Dharamdev

text: Anand

text: September

text: December

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Dev

text: Anand

text: was

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actor

text: writer

text: director

text: producer

text: and

text: comedian

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: notable

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Indian

text: cinema

text: Part

text: of

text: the

text: Anand

text: family

text: he

text: co

text: founded

text: Navketan

text: Films

text: in

text: with

text: his

text: elder

text: brother

text: Chetan

text: Anand

text: Anand

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: actors

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Indian

text: cinema

text: Hema Malini ("Hema Malini Chakravarty") (born 16 October 1948, Jeeyapuram (Tiruchirappalli), Tamil Nadu, India) is an Indian actress, director, producer, dancer and politician. 1963 she made acting début in Tamil film "Ithu Sathiyam" as a dancer/supporting actress. Malini first acted in main role in "Sapno Ka Saudagar" (1968), and went on to feature in numerous Bollywood films, primarily as the lead actress. In most of her films, she starred opposite her husband; Dharmendra and with Rajesh Khanna and Dev Anand.

text: Hema

text: Malini

text: Hema

text: Malini

text: Chakravarty

text: born

text: October

text: Jeeyapuram

text: Tiruchirappalli

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: India

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: actress

text: director

text: producer

text: dancer

text: and

text: politician

text: she

text: made

text: acting

text: début

text: in

text: Tamil

text: film

text: Ithu

text: Sathiyam

text: as

text: dancer

text: supporting

text: actress

text: Malini

text: first

text: acted

text: in

text: main

text: role

text: in

text: Sapno

text: Ka

text: Saudagar

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: feature

text: in

text: numerous

text: Bollywood

text: films

text: primarily

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: actress

text: In

text: most

text: of

text: her

text: films

text: she

text: starred

text: opposite

text: her

text: husband

text: Dharmendra

text: and

text: with

text: Rajesh

text: Khanna

text: and

text: Dev

text: Anand

text: Sapno Ka Saudagar is a 1968 film. The film is produced by B. Ananthaswami and directed by Mahesh Kaul. Originally Vyjayanthimala was offered the lead but she refused and thus Hema Malini made her debut. The film stars Raj Kapoor, Hema Malini, Tanuja, David and Nadira. The film's music is by Shankar Jaikishan.

text: Sapno

text: Ka

text: Saudagar

text: is

text: film

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: Ananthaswami

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Mahesh

text: Kaul

text: Originally

text: Vyjayanthimala

text: was

text: offered

text: the

text: lead

text: but

text: she

text: refused

text: and

text: thus

text: Hema

text: Malini

text: made

text: her

text: debut

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Raj

text: Kapoor

text: Hema

text: Malini

text: Tanuja

text: David

text: and

text: Nadira

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: music

text: is

text: by

text: Shankar

text: Jaikishan

question: composer tum haseen main jawaan

answer: shankar jaikishan

text: shankar jaikishan