text: Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States. The name Michigan is the French form of the Ojibwa word "mishigamaa", meaning "large water" or "large lake". Michigan is the tenth most populous of the 50 United States, with the 11th most extensive total area (the largest state by total area east of the Mississippi River). Its capital is Lansing, and its largest city is Detroit.

text: Michigan

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: and

text: Midwestern

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: name

text: Michigan

text: is

text: the

text: French

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Ojibwa

text: word

text: mishigamaa

text: meaning

text: large

text: water

text: or

text: large

text: lake

text: Michigan

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: total

text: area

text: the

text: largest

text: state

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Lansing

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Detroit

text: East Hancock is a primarily residential neighbourhood in Hancock , Michigan , though it also includes the easternmost block of Quincy Street , the main street of Hancock 's downtown .

text: East

text: Hancock

text: is

text: primarily

text: residential

text: neighbourhood

text: in

text: Hancock

text: Michigan

text: though

text: it

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: easternmost

text: block

text: of

text: Quincy

text: Street

text: the

text: main

text: street

text: of

text: Hancock

text: 's

text: downtown

text: Copper Island is a local name given to the northern part of the Keweenaw Peninsula (projecting northeastward into Lake Superior at the western end of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, United States of America), separated from the rest of the Keweenaw Peninsula by Portage Lake and the Keweenaw Waterway.

text: Copper

text: Island

text: is

text: local

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Keweenaw

text: Peninsula

text: projecting

text: northeastward

text: into

text: Lake

text: Superior

text: at

text: the

text: western

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Upper

text: Peninsula

text: of

text: Michigan

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Keweenaw

text: Peninsula

text: by

text: Portage

text: Lake

text: and

text: the

text: Keweenaw

text: Waterway

text: Downtown is a term primarily used in North America by English speakers to refer to a city's core (or center) or central business district (CBD), often in a geographical, commercial, or communal sense. The term is not generally used in British English, whose speakers instead use the term city centre.

text: Downtown

text: is

text: term

text: primarily

text: used

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: by

text: English

text: speakers

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: city

text: 's

text: core

text: or

text: center

text: or

text: central

text: business

text: district

text: CBD

text: often

text: in

text: geographical

text: commercial

text: or

text: communal

text: sense

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: not

text: generally

text: used

text: in

text: British

text: English

text: whose

text: speakers

text: instead

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: city

text: centre

text: The Keweenaw Peninsula (, sometimes locally /kivn/) is the northernmost part of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It projects into Lake Superior and was the site of the first copper boom in the United States. As of the 2000 census, its population was roughly 43,200. Its major industries are now logging and tourism, as well as jobs related to Michigan Technological University and Finlandia University.

text: The

text: Keweenaw

text: Peninsula

text: sometimes

text: locally

text: /kivn/

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Michigan

text: 's

text: Upper

text: Peninsula

text: It

text: projects

text: into

text: Lake

text: Superior

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: copper

text: boom

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: roughly

text: Its

text: major

text: industries

text: are

text: now

text: logging

text: and

text: tourism

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: jobs

text: related

text: to

text: Michigan

text: Technological

text: University

text: and

text: Finlandia

text: University

text: Hancock is a city in Houghton County, Michigan, United States and is located on Copper Island, which is part of the Keweenaw Peninsula, on the Keewenaw Waterway directly opposite Houghton, Michigan. The population was 4,634 at the 2010 census.

text: Hancock

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: Houghton

text: County

text: Michigan

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: Copper

text: Island

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Keweenaw

text: Peninsula

text: on

text: the

text: Keewenaw

text: Waterway

text: directly

text: opposite

text: Houghton

text: Michigan

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: within

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: considered

text: northern

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: British English is the English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom or, more broadly, throughout the British Isles. Slight regional variations exist in formal, written English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective "wee" is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland and Northern Ireland, and occasionally Yorkshire, whereas "little" is predominant elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is a meaningful degree of uniformity in "written" English within the United Kingdom, and this could be described by the term "British English". The forms of "spoken" English, however, vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken, so a uniform concept of British English is more difficult to apply to the spoken language. According to Tom McArthur in the "Oxford Guide to World English", British English shares "all the ambiguities and tensions in the word "British" and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity."

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: as

text: spoken

text: and

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: or

text: more

text: broadly

text: throughout

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: Slight

text: regional

text: variations

text: exist

text: in

text: formal

text: written

text: English

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: adjective

text: wee

text: is

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: used

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: and

text: occasionally

text: Yorkshire

text: whereas

text: little

text: is

text: predominant

text: elsewhere

text: Nevertheless

text: there

text: is

text: meaningful

text: degree

text: of

text: uniformity

text: in

text: written

text: English

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: this

text: could

text: be

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: term

text: British

text: English

text: The

text: forms

text: of

text: spoken

text: English

text: however

text: vary

text: considerably

text: more

text: than

text: in

text: most

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: where

text: English

text: is

text: spoken

text: so

text: uniform

text: concept

text: of

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: apply

text: to

text: the

text: spoken

text: language

text: According

text: to

text: Tom

text: McArthur

text: in

text: the

text: Oxford

text: Guide

text: to

text: World

text: English

text: British

text: English

text: shares

text: all

text: the

text: ambiguities

text: and

text: tensions

text: in

text: the

text: word

text: British

text: and

text: as

text: result

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: and

text: interpreted

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: more

text: broadly

text: or

text: more

text: narrowly

text: within

text: range

text: of

text: blurring

text: and

text: ambiguity

question: country east hancock

answer: united states of america

text: united states of america


text: Incheon (formerly romanized as Inchon; literally "kind river"), officially the Incheon Metropolitan City(), is a city located in northwestern South Korea, bordering Seoul and Gyeonggi to the east. Inhabited since the New Stone Age, Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883. Today, about 3 million people live in the city, making it Koreas third most populous city after Seoul and Busan. The city's growth has been assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city and its proximity to the South Korean capital. It is part of the Seoul Capital Area, along with Seoul itself and Gyeonggi Province, forming the world's second largest metropolitan area by population.

text: Incheon

text: formerly

text: romanized

text: as

text: Inchon

text: literally

text: kind

text: river

text: officially

text: the

text: Incheon

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: is

text: city

text: located

text: in

text: northwestern

text: South

text: Korea

text: bordering

text: Seoul

text: and

text: Gyeonggi

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Inhabited

text: since

text: the

text: New

text: Stone

text: Age

text: Incheon

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: just

text: people

text: when

text: it

text: became

text: an

text: international

text: port

text: in

text: Today

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: making

text: it

text: Koreas

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: after

text: Seoul

text: and

text: Busan

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: growth

text: has

text: been

text: assured

text: in

text: modern

text: times

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: its

text: port

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: natural

text: advantages

text: as

text: coastal

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: South

text: Korean

text: capital

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Seoul

text: Capital

text: Area

text: along

text: with

text: Seoul

text: itself

text: and

text: Gyeonggi

text: Province

text: forming

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: by

text: population

text: East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it includes China, Hong Kong, and Macao; Mongolia and Taiwan; North and South Korea; and Japan; it covers about , or about 28% of the Asian continent, about twice the area of Europe.

text: East

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: subregion

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: defined

text: in

text: either

text: geographical

text: or

text: ethno

text: cultural

text: terms

text: Geographically

text: and

text: geopolitically

text: it

text: includes

text: China

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macao

text: Mongolia

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: and

text: Japan

text: it

text: covers

text: about

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: about

text: twice

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Europe

text: Yeoksam-dong is a ward of Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea. Teheranno runs through Yeoksam-dong and holds many of the tallest buildings in Seoul in a collection of corporate headquarters and high-rise office buildings.

text: Yeoksam

text: dong

text: is

text: ward

text: of

text: Gangnam

text: gu

text: Seoul

text: South

text: Korea

text: Teheranno

text: runs

text: through

text: Yeoksam

text: dong

text: and

text: holds

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: tallest

text: buildings

text: in

text: Seoul

text: in

text: collection

text: of

text: corporate

text: headquarters

text: and

text: high

text: rise

text: office

text: buildings

text: South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a sovereign state in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula.

text: South

text: Korea

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: ROK

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: constituting

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: Seoul ()  officially the Seoul Special City  is the capital and largest metropolis of the Republic of Korea (commonly known as South Korea), forming the heart of the Seoul Capital Area, which includes the surrounding Incheon metropolis and Gyeonggi province, the world's 16th largest city. It is home to over half of all South Koreans along with 678,102 international residents.

text: Seoul

text: officially

text: the

text: Seoul

text: Special

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: South

text: Korea

text: forming

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Seoul

text: Capital

text: Area

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: surrounding

text: Incheon

text: metropolis

text: and

text: Gyeonggi

text: province

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: It

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: over

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: South

text: Koreans

text: along

text: with

text: international

text: residents

text: Nonhyeon - dong is a ward of Gangnam - gu in Seoul , South Korea . It borders Apgujeong and Sinsa - dong on the north , Samseong - dong on the northeast , and Yeoksam - dong to the south .

text: Nonhyeon

text: dong

text: is

text: ward

text: of

text: Gangnam

text: gu

text: in

text: Seoul

text: South

text: Korea

text: It

text: borders

text: Apgujeong

text: and

text: Sinsa

text: dong

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Samseong

text: dong

text: on

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Yeoksam

text: dong

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Teheranno (alternatively Teheran-ro, translation "Tehran Boulevard") is a street in the Gangnam district of Seoul, South Korea. It runs from Gangnam Station through Yeoksam-dong and into Samseong-dong. It is colloquially known as "Teheran Valley" (after Silicon Valley) due to the number of internet-related companies operating there. The district of Gangnam-gu experienced phenomenal growth and waves of construction, with Teheranno becoming one of the busiest streets in South Korea. Its counterpart, Seoul St. in Tehran, runs in the north of that city, close to the Evin district.

text: Teheranno

text: alternatively

text: Teheran

text: ro

text: translation

text: Tehran

text: Boulevard

text: is

text: street

text: in

text: the

text: Gangnam

text: district

text: of

text: Seoul

text: South

text: Korea

text: It

text: runs

text: from

text: Gangnam

text: Station

text: through

text: Yeoksam

text: dong

text: and

text: into

text: Samseong

text: dong

text: It

text: is

text: colloquially

text: known

text: as

text: Teheran

text: Valley

text: after

text: Silicon

text: Valley

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: internet

text: related

text: companies

text: operating

text: there

text: The

text: district

text: of

text: Gangnam

text: gu

text: experienced

text: phenomenal

text: growth

text: and

text: waves

text: of

text: construction

text: with

text: Teheranno

text: becoming

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: busiest

text: streets

text: in

text: South

text: Korea

text: Its

text: counterpart

text: Seoul

text: St.

text: in

text: Tehran

text: runs

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: that

text: city

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Evin

text: district

text: Samseong-Dong is an affluent neighborhood or ward of Gangnam-gu in Seoul, South Korea.

text: Samseong

text: Dong

text: is

text: an

text: affluent

text: neighborhood

text: or

text: ward

text: of

text: Gangnam

text: gu

text: in

text: Seoul

text: South

text: Korea

text: Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea") and South Korea (officially the "Republic of Korea"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea.

text: Korea

text: is

text: historical

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: since

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: distinct

text: sovereign

text: states

text: North

text: Korea

text: officially

text: the

text: Democratic

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: Korea

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Japan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Korea

text: Strait

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: Sea

text: The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the east, and the Yellow Sea (West Sea) to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water.

text: The

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: is

text: peninsula

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: It

text: extends

text: southwards

text: for

text: about

text: from

text: continental

text: Asia

text: into

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Japan

text: East

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: West

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Korea

text: Strait

text: connecting

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: A metropolis is a large city or conurbation which is a significant economic, political, and cultural center for a country or region, and an important hub for regional or international connections, commerce, and communications. The term is Greek and means the "mother city" of a colony (in the ancient sense), that is, the city which sent out settlers. This was later generalized to a city regarded as a center of a specified activity, or any large, important city in a nation.

text: metropolis

text: is

text: large

text: city

text: or

text: conurbation

text: which

text: is

text: significant

text: economic

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: center

text: for

text: country

text: or

text: region

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: hub

text: for

text: regional

text: or

text: international

text: connections

text: commerce

text: and

text: communications

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: Greek

text: and

text: means

text: the

text: mother

text: city

text: of

text: colony

text: in

text: the

text: ancient

text: sense

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: which

text: sent

text: out

text: settlers

text: This

text: was

text: later

text: generalized

text: to

text: city

text: regarded

text: as

text: center

text: of

text: specified

text: activity

text: or

text: any

text: large

text: important

text: city

text: in

text: nation

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity nonhyeon-dong

answer: gangnam district

text: gangnam district


text: The dithyramb ("dithurambos") was an ancient Greek hymn sung and danced in honor of Dionysus, the god of wine and fertility; the term was also used as an epithet of the god: Plato, in "The Laws", while discussing various kinds of music mentions "the birth of Dionysos, called, I think, the dithyramb." Plato also remarks in the "Republic" that dithyrambs are the clearest example of poetry in which the poet is the only speaker.

text: The

text: dithyramb

text: dithurambos

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: hymn

text: sung

text: and

text: danced

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: Dionysus

text: the

text: god

text: of

text: wine

text: and

text: fertility

text: the

text: term

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: epithet

text: of

text: the

text: god

text: Plato

text: in

text: The

text: Laws

text: while

text: discussing

text: various

text: kinds

text: of

text: music

text: mentions

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Dionysos

text: called

text: think

text: the

text: dithyramb

text: Plato

text: also

text: remarks

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: that

text: dithyrambs

text: are

text: the

text: clearest

text: example

text: of

text: poetry

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: poet

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: speaker

text: Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th-9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the period of Archaic Greece and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC. Due to the conquests by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Hellenistic civilization flourished from Central Asia to the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. The Hellenistic period came to an end with the conquests and annexations of the eastern Mediterranean world by the Roman Republic, which established the Roman province of Macedonia in Roman Greece, and later the province of Achaea during the Roman Empire.

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: was

text: civilization

text: belonging

text: to

text: period

text: of

text: Greek

text: history

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: of

text: the

text: centuries

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: antiquity

text: AD

text: Immediately

text: following

text: this

text: period

text: was

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: era

text: Roughly

text: three

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: collapse

text: of

text: Mycenaean

text: Greece

text: Greek

text: urban

text: poleis

text: began

text: to

text: form

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: ushering

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Archaic

text: Greece

text: and

text: colonization

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: an

text: era

text: that

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Greco

text: Persian

text: Wars

text: lasting

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: conquests

text: by

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: Hellenistic

text: civilization

text: flourished

text: from

text: Central

text: Asia

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: The

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: with

text: the

text: conquests

text: and

text: annexations

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: in

text: Roman

text: Greece

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Achaea

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek:   , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Koine

text: and

text: Medieval

text: Greek

text: tr

text: was

text: the

text: post

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: civilization

text: characterized

text: by

text: government

text: headed

text: by

text: emperors

text: and

text: large

text: territorial

text: holdings

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: BC

text: AD

text: with

text: Constantinople

text: New

text: Rome

text: becoming

text: the

text: largest

text: around

text: AD

text: and

text: the

text: Empire

text: 's

text: populace

text: grew

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: roughly

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: old

text: republic

text: which

text: preceded

text: it

text: was

text: severely

text: destabilized

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: civil

text: wars

text: and

text: political

text: conflict

text: during

text: which

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: appointed

text: as

text: perpetual

text: dictator

text: and

text: then

text: assassinated

text: in

text: BC

text: Civil

text: wars

text: and

text: executions

text: continued

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: victory

text: of

text: Octavian

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: adopted

text: son

text: over

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: and

text: Cleopatra

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Octavian

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: then

text: unassailable

text: and

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Roman

text: Senate

text: formally

text: granted

text: him

text: overarching

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: title

text: Augustus

text: effectively

text: marking

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: Roman Greece as described here is the period of Greek history affecting its subsequent constituent Roman provinces that followed the Roman victory over the Corinthians, at the Battle of Corinth (146 BC), until the adoption of the city of Byzantium by the Emperor Constantine as the capital of the Roman Empire (as Nova Roma, later Constantinople) in AD 330.

text: Roman

text: Greece

text: as

text: described

text: here

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Greek

text: history

text: affecting

text: its

text: subsequent

text: constituent

text: Roman

text: provinces

text: that

text: followed

text: the

text: Roman

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: Corinthians

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Corinth

text: BC

text: until

text: the

text: adoption

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Byzantium

text: by

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Constantine

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: as

text: Nova

text: Roma

text: later

text: Constantinople

text: in

text: AD

text: Bodrum is a district and a port city in Mula Province, in the southwestern Aegean Region of Turkey. It is located on the southern coast of Bodrum Peninsula, at a point that checks the entry into the Gulf of Gökova, and is also the center of the eponymous district. The city was called Halicarnassus of Caria in ancient times and was famous for housing the Mausoleum of Mausolus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Bodrum Castle, built by the Knights Hospitaller in the 15th century, overlooks the harbour and the marina. The castle grounds include a Museum of Underwater Archaeology and hosts several cultural festivals throughout the year. The city had a population of 36,317 in 2012.

text: Bodrum

text: is

text: district

text: and

text: port

text: city

text: in

text: Mula

text: Province

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: Aegean

text: Region

text: of

text: Turkey

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: coast

text: of

text: Bodrum

text: Peninsula

text: at

text: point

text: that

text: checks

text: the

text: entry

text: into

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Gökova

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: eponymous

text: district

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: called

text: Halicarnassus

text: of

text: Caria

text: in

text: ancient

text: times

text: and

text: was

text: famous

text: for

text: housing

text: the

text: Mausoleum

text: of

text: Mausolus

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Wonders

text: of

text: the

text: Ancient

text: World

text: Bodrum

text: Castle

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: Knights

text: Hospitaller

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: overlooks

text: the

text: harbour

text: and

text: the

text: marina

text: The

text: castle

text: grounds

text: include

text: Museum

text: of

text: Underwater

text: Archaeology

text: and

text: hosts

text: several

text: cultural

text: festivals

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: The

text: city

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: Cleobulus ("Kleoboulos ho Lindios"; fl. 6th century BC) was a Greek poet and a native of Lindos. He is one of the Seven Sages of Greece.

text: Cleobulus

text: Kleoboulos

text: ho

text: Lindios

text: fl

text: century

text: BC

text: was

text: Greek

text: poet

text: and

text: native

text: of

text: Lindos

text: He

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Sages

text: of

text: Greece

text: Marcus Tullius Cicero ( "Kikern"; 3 January 106 BC  7 December 43 BC) was a Roman philosopher, politician, lawyer, orator, political theorist, consul, and constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the Roman equestrian order, and is considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.

text: Marcus

text: Tullius

text: Cicero

text: Kikern

text: January

text: BC

text: December

text: BC

text: was

text: Roman

text: philosopher

text: politician

text: lawyer

text: orator

text: political

text: theorist

text: consul

text: and

text: constitutionalist

text: He

text: came

text: from

text: wealthy

text: municipal

text: family

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: equestrian

text: order

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: Rome

text: 's

text: greatest

text: orators

text: and

text: prose

text: stylists

text: Mycenaean Greece (or Mycenaean civilization) was the last phase of the Bronze Age in Ancient Greece (c. 16001100 BC). It represents the first advanced civilization in mainland Greece, with its palatial states, urban organization, works of art and writing system. Among the centers of power that emerged, the most notable were those of Pylos, Tiryns, Midea in the Peloponnese, Orchomenos, Thebes, Athens in Central Greece and Iolcos in Thessaly. The most prominent site was Mycenae, in Argolid, to which the culture of this era owes its name. Mycenaean and Mycenaean-influenced settlements also appeared in Epirus, Macedonia, on islands in the Aegean Sea, on the coast of Asia Minor, the Levant, Cyprus and Italy.

text: Mycenaean

text: Greece

text: or

text: Mycenaean

text: civilization

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: phase

text: of

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: BC

text: It

text: represents

text: the

text: first

text: advanced

text: civilization

text: in

text: mainland

text: Greece

text: with

text: its

text: palatial

text: states

text: urban

text: organization

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: writing

text: system

text: Among

text: the

text: centers

text: of

text: power

text: that

text: emerged

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: were

text: those

text: of

text: Pylos

text: Tiryns

text: Midea

text: in

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: Orchomenos

text: Thebes

text: Athens

text: in

text: Central

text: Greece

text: and

text: Iolcos

text: in

text: Thessaly

text: The

text: most

text: prominent

text: site

text: was

text: Mycenae

text: in

text: Argolid

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: this

text: era

text: owes

text: its

text: name

text: Mycenaean

text: and

text: Mycenaean

text: influenced

text: settlements

text: also

text: appeared

text: in

text: Epirus

text: Macedonia

text: on

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: the

text: Levant

text: Cyprus

text: and

text: Italy

text: Mythology refers variously to the collected myths of a group of people or to the study of such myths. Myths are the stories people tell to explain nature, history and customs.

text: Mythology

text: refers

text: variously

text: to

text: the

text: collected

text: myths

text: of

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: or

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: such

text: myths

text: Myths

text: are

text: the

text: stories

text: people

text: tell

text: to

text: explain

text: nature

text: history

text: and

text: customs

text: A myth is any traditional story consisting of events that are ostensibly historical, though often supernatural, explaining the origins of a cultural practice or natural phenomenon. The word "myth" is derived from the Greek word mythos, which simply means "story". Mythology can refer either to the study of myths, or to a body or collection of myths. Myth can mean 'sacred story', 'traditional narrative' or 'tale of the gods'. A myth also can be a story to explain why something exists.

text: myth

text: is

text: any

text: traditional

text: story

text: consisting

text: of

text: events

text: that

text: are

text: ostensibly

text: historical

text: though

text: often

text: supernatural

text: explaining

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: cultural

text: practice

text: or

text: natural

text: phenomenon

text: The

text: word

text: myth

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: word

text: mythos

text: which

text: simply

text: means

text: story

text: Mythology

text: can

text: refer

text: either

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: myths

text: or

text: to

text: body

text: or

text: collection

text: of

text: myths

text: Myth

text: can

text: mean

text: sacred

text: story

text: traditional

text: narrative

text: or

text: tale

text: of

text: the

text: gods

text: myth

text: also

text: can

text: be

text: story

text: to

text: explain

text: why

text: something

text: exists

text: The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: pronounced

text: is

text: sea

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: almost

text: completely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: identified

text: as

text: separate

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: A tyrant (Greek , "tyrannos"), in its modern English usage, is an absolute ruler unrestrained by law or person, or one who has usurped legitimate sovereignty. Often described as a cruel character, a tyrant defends his position by oppressive means, tending to control almost everything in the state. The original Greek term, however, merely meant an authoritarian sovereign without reference to character, bearing no pejorative connotation during the Archaic and early Classical periods. However, it was clearly a negative word to Plato, a Greek philosopher, and on account of the decisive influence of philosophy on politics, its negative connotations only increased, continuing into the Hellenistic period.

text: tyrant

text: Greek

text: tyrannos

text: in

text: its

text: modern

text: English

text: usage

text: is

text: an

text: absolute

text: ruler

text: unrestrained

text: by

text: law

text: or

text: person

text: or

text: one

text: who

text: has

text: usurped

text: legitimate

text: sovereignty

text: Often

text: described

text: as

text: cruel

text: character

text: tyrant

text: defends

text: his

text: position

text: by

text: oppressive

text: means

text: tending

text: to

text: control

text: almost

text: everything

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: original

text: Greek

text: term

text: however

text: merely

text: meant

text: an

text: authoritarian

text: sovereign

text: without

text: reference

text: to

text: character

text: bearing

text: no

text: pejorative

text: connotation

text: during

text: the

text: Archaic

text: and

text: early

text: Classical

text: periods

text: However

text: it

text: was

text: clearly

text: negative

text: word

text: to

text: Plato

text: Greek

text: philosopher

text: and

text: on

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: decisive

text: influence

text: of

text: philosophy

text: on

text: politics

text: its

text: negative

text: connotations

text: only

text: increased

text: continuing

text: into

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism.

text: The

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: covers

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: Hellenic

text: history

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: history

text: between

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: as

text: signified

text: by

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: conquest

text: of

text: Ptolemaic

text: Egypt

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: Greek

text: cultural

text: influence

text: and

text: power

text: was

text: at

text: its

text: peak

text: in

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: experiencing

text: prosperity

text: and

text: progress

text: in

text: the

text: arts

text: exploration

text: literature

text: theatre

text: architecture

text: music

text: mathematics

text: philosophy

text: and

text: science

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: period

text: of

text: transition

text: sometimes

text: even

text: of

text: decadence

text: or

text: degeneration

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: enlightenment

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: Classical

text: era

text: The

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: saw

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: New

text: Comedy

text: Alexandrian

text: poetry

text: the

text: Septuagint

text: and

text: the

text: philosophies

text: of

text: Stoicism

text: and

text: Epicureanism

text: Greek

text: Science

text: was

text: advanced

text: by

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: the

text: mathematician

text: Euclid

text: and

text: the

text: polymath

text: Archimedes

text: The

text: religious

text: sphere

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: new

text: gods

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Greco

text: Egyptian

text: Serapis

text: eastern

text: deities

text: such

text: as

text: Attis

text: and

text: Cybele

text: and

text: the

text: Greek

text: adoption

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: Periander (died c. 587 BC), was the Second Tyrant of the Cypselid dynasty that ruled over Corinth. Perianders rule brought about a prosperous time in Corinths history, as his administrative skill made Corinth one of the wealthiest city states in Greece. Several accounts state that Periander was a cruel and harsh ruler, but others claim that he was a fair and just king who worked to ensure that the distribution of wealth in Corinth was more or less even. He is often considered one of the Seven Sages of Greece, men of the 6th century BC who were renowned for centuries for their wisdom. (The other Sages were most often considered to be Thales, Solon, Cleobulus, Chilon, Bias, and Pittacus.)

text: Periander

text: died

text: BC

text: was

text: the

text: Second

text: Tyrant

text: of

text: the

text: Cypselid

text: dynasty

text: that

text: ruled

text: over

text: Corinth

text: Perianders

text: rule

text: brought

text: about

text: prosperous

text: time

text: in

text: Corinths

text: history

text: as

text: his

text: administrative

text: skill

text: made

text: Corinth

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: city

text: states

text: in

text: Greece

text: Several

text: accounts

text: state

text: that

text: Periander

text: was

text: cruel

text: and

text: harsh

text: ruler

text: but

text: others

text: claim

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: fair

text: and

text: just

text: king

text: who

text: worked

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: wealth

text: in

text: Corinth

text: was

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: even

text: He

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Sages

text: of

text: Greece

text: men

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: who

text: were

text: renowned

text: for

text: centuries

text: for

text: their

text: wisdom

text: The

text: other

text: Sages

text: were

text: most

text: often

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: Thales

text: Solon

text: Cleobulus

text: Chilon

text: Bias

text: and

text: Pittacus

text: A hymn is a type of song, usually religious, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. The word "hymn" derives from Greek ("hymnos"), which means "a song of praise". A writer of hymns is known as a hymnodist. The singing of hymns is called hymnody. Collections of hymns are known as hymnals or hymn books. Hymns may or may not include instrumental accompaniment.

text: hymn

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: song

text: usually

text: religious

text: specifically

text: written

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: adoration

text: or

text: prayer

text: and

text: typically

text: addressed

text: to

text: deity

text: or

text: deities

text: or

text: to

text: prominent

text: figure

text: or

text: personification

text: The

text: word

text: hymn

text: derives

text: from

text: Greek

text: hymnos

text: which

text: means

text: song

text: of

text: praise

text: writer

text: of

text: hymns

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: hymnodist

text: The

text: singing

text: of

text: hymns

text: is

text: called

text: hymnody

text: Collections

text: of

text: hymns

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: hymnals

text: or

text: hymn

text: books

text: Hymns

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: include

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: Wine (from Latin "vinum") is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes. These grapes are generally "Vitis vinifera," or a hybrid with "Vitis labrusca" or "Vitis rupestris". Grapes are fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine. These variations result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the terroir, and the production process. Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. These typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production.

text: Wine

text: from

text: Latin

text: vinum

text: is

text: an

text: alcoholic

text: beverage

text: made

text: from

text: fermented

text: grapes

text: These

text: grapes

text: are

text: generally

text: Vitis

text: vinifera

text: or

text: hybrid

text: with

text: Vitis

text: labrusca

text: or

text: Vitis

text: rupestris

text: Grapes

text: are

text: fermented

text: without

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: sugars

text: acids

text: enzymes

text: water

text: or

text: other

text: nutrients

text: Yeast

text: consumes

text: the

text: sugar

text: in

text: the

text: grapes

text: and

text: converts

text: it

text: to

text: ethanol

text: and

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: Different

text: varieties

text: of

text: grapes

text: and

text: strains

text: of

text: yeasts

text: produce

text: different

text: styles

text: of

text: wine

text: These

text: variations

text: result

text: from

text: the

text: complex

text: interactions

text: between

text: the

text: biochemical

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: grape

text: the

text: reactions

text: involved

text: in

text: fermentation

text: the

text: terroir

text: and

text: the

text: production

text: process

text: Many

text: countries

text: enact

text: legal

text: appellations

text: intended

text: to

text: define

text: styles

text: and

text: qualities

text: of

text: wine

text: These

text: typically

text: restrict

text: the

text: geographical

text: origin

text: and

text: permitted

text: varieties

text: of

text: grapes

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: wine

text: production

text: The Greek Dark Age, also called Greek Dark Ages, Homeric Age (named for the fabled poet, Homer) or Geometric period (so called after the characteristic Geometric art of the time), is the period of Greek history from the end of the Mycenaean palatial civilization around 1100 BC to the first signs of the Greek poleis, city states, in the 9th century BC.

text: The

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Age

text: also

text: called

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: Homeric

text: Age

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: fabled

text: poet

text: Homer

text: or

text: Geometric

text: period

text: so

text: called

text: after

text: the

text: characteristic

text: Geometric

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Greek

text: history

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mycenaean

text: palatial

text: civilization

text: around

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: signs

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: poleis

text: city

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: Herodotus ("Hródotos") was a Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus in the Persian Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey) and lived in the fifth century BC (484 425 BC), a contemporary of Socrates. He is widely referred to as "The Father of History" (first conferred by Cicero); he was the first historian known to have broken from Homeric tradition to treat historical subjects as a method of investigationspecifically, by collecting his materials systematically and critically, and then arranging them into a historiographic narrative. "The Histories" is the only work which he is known to have produced, a record of his "inquiry" (or "historía") on the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars, including a wealth of geographical and ethnographical information. Some of his stories were fanciful and others inaccurate; yet he states that he was reporting only what was told to him and was often correct in his information. Despite Herodotus' historical significance, little is known of his personal history.

text: Herodotus

text: Hródotos

text: was

text: Greek

text: historian

text: who

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Halicarnassus

text: in

text: the

text: Persian

text: Empire

text: modern

text: day

text: Bodrum

text: Turkey

text: and

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: fifth

text: century

text: BC

text: BC

text: contemporary

text: of

text: Socrates

text: He

text: is

text: widely

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Father

text: of

text: History

text: first

text: conferred

text: by

text: Cicero

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: historian

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: broken

text: from

text: Homeric

text: tradition

text: to

text: treat

text: historical

text: subjects

text: as

text: method

text: of

text: investigationspecifically

text: by

text: collecting

text: his

text: materials

text: systematically

text: and

text: critically

text: and

text: then

text: arranging

text: them

text: into

text: historiographic

text: narrative

text: The

text: Histories

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: work

text: which

text: he

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: produced

text: record

text: of

text: his

text: inquiry

text: or

text: historía

text: on

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: the

text: Greco

text: Persian

text: Wars

text: including

text: wealth

text: of

text: geographical

text: and

text: ethnographical

text: information

text: Some

text: of

text: his

text: stories

text: were

text: fanciful

text: and

text: others

text: inaccurate

text: yet

text: he

text: states

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: reporting

text: only

text: what

text: was

text: told

text: to

text: him

text: and

text: was

text: often

text: correct

text: in

text: his

text: information

text: Despite

text: Herodotus

text: historical

text: significance

text: little

text: is

text: known

text: of

text: his

text: personal

text: history

text:
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period) marked the start of the Middle Ages of European History, lasting from the 6th to the 10th century C.E.
The Early Middle Ages followed the decline of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages (c. 10th to 13th centuries).
The Early Middle Ages largely overlap with Late Ant1iquity. The term "Late Antiquity" is used to emphasize elements of continuity with the Roman Empire, while "Early Middle Ages" is used to emphasize developments characteristic of the later medieval period.

text: The

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: or

text: early

text: medieval

text: period

text: marked

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: of

text: European

text: History

text: lasting

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: C.E.

text: The

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: followed

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: preceded

text: the

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: to

text: centuries

text: The

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: largely

text: overlap

text: with

text: Late

text: The

text: term

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: emphasize

text: elements

text: of

text: continuity

text: with

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: while

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: emphasize

text: developments

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: medieval

text: period

text: Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring. As a measure, fertility rate is the number of offspring born per mating pair, individual or population. Fertility differs from fecundity, which is defined as the "potential" for reproduction (influenced by gamete production, fertilization and carrying a pregnancy to term) . A lack of fertility is infertility while a lack of fecundity would be called sterility.

text: Fertility

text: is

text: the

text: natural

text: capability

text: to

text: produce

text: offspring

text: As

text: measure

text: fertility

text: rate

text: is

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: offspring

text: born

text: per

text: mating

text: pair

text: individual

text: or

text: population

text: Fertility

text: differs

text: from

text: fecundity

text: which

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: potential

text: for

text: reproduction

text: influenced

text: by

text: gamete

text: production

text: fertilization

text: and

text: carrying

text: pregnancy

text: to

text: term

text: lack

text: of

text: fertility

text: is

text: infertility

text: while

text: lack

text: of

text: fecundity

text: would

text: be

text: called

text: sterility

text: Plato (Greek: "Plátn", in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423  348/347 BCE) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition. Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries, Plato's entire "œuvre" is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years.

text: Plato

text: Greek

text: Plátn

text: in

text: Classical

text: Attic

text: or

text: BCE

text: was

text: philosopher

text: in

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Academy

text: in

text: Athens

text: the

text: first

text: institution

text: of

text: higher

text: learning

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: He

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: pivotal

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: philosophy

text: especially

text: the

text: Western

text: tradition

text: Unlike

text: nearly

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: philosophical

text: contemporaries

text: Plato

text: 's

text: entire

text: œuvre

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: survived

text: intact

text: for

text: over

text: years

text: Dionysus ("Dionysos") is the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness, fertility, theatre and religious ecstasy in ancient Greek religion and myth. Wine played an important role in Greek culture, and the cult of Dionysus was the main religious focus for its unrestrained consumption. He may have been worshipped as early as c. 15001100 BC by Mycenean Greeks; traces of Dionysian-type cult have also been found in ancient Minoan Crete. His origins are uncertain, and his cults took many forms; some are described by ancient sources as Thracian, others as Greek. In some cults, he arrives from the east, as an Asiatic foreigner; in others, from Ethiopia in the South. He is a god of epiphany, "the god that comes", and his "foreignness" as an arriving outsider-god may be inherent and essential to his cults. He is a major, popular figure of Greek mythology and religion, becoming increasingly important over time, and included in some lists of the twelve Olympians, as the last of their number, and the only god born from a mortal mother. His festivals were the driving force behind the development of Greek theatre.

text: Dionysus

text: Dionysos

text: is

text: the

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: grape

text: harvest

text: winemaking

text: and

text: wine

text: of

text: ritual

text: madness

text: fertility

text: theatre

text: and

text: religious

text: ecstasy

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: religion

text: and

text: myth

text: Wine

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: Greek

text: culture

text: and

text: the

text: cult

text: of

text: Dionysus

text: was

text: the

text: main

text: religious

text: focus

text: for

text: its

text: unrestrained

text: consumption

text: He

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: worshipped

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: BC

text: by

text: Mycenean

text: Greeks

text: traces

text: of

text: Dionysian

text: type

text: cult

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: ancient

text: Minoan

text: Crete

text: His

text: origins

text: are

text: uncertain

text: and

text: his

text: cults

text: took

text: many

text: forms

text: some

text: are

text: described

text: by

text: ancient

text: sources

text: as

text: Thracian

text: others

text: as

text: Greek

text: In

text: some

text: cults

text: he

text: arrives

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: as

text: an

text: Asiatic

text: foreigner

text: in

text: others

text: from

text: Ethiopia

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: He

text: is

text: god

text: of

text: epiphany

text: the

text: god

text: that

text: comes

text: and

text: his

text: foreignness

text: as

text: an

text: arriving

text: outsider

text: god

text: may

text: be

text: inherent

text: and

text: essential

text: to

text: his

text: cults

text: He

text: is

text: major

text: popular

text: figure

text: of

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: and

text: religion

text: becoming

text: increasingly

text: important

text: over

text: time

text: and

text: included

text: in

text: some

text: lists

text: of

text: the

text: twelve

text: Olympians

text: as

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: their

text: number

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: god

text: born

text: from

text: mortal

text: mother

text: His

text: festivals

text: were

text: the

text: driving

text: force

text: behind

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Greek

text: theatre

text: In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin: "provincia", pl. "provinciae") was the basic, and, until the Tetrarchy (293 AD), largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of Italy. The word "province" in modern English has its origins in the term used by the Romans.

text: In

text: Ancient

text: Rome

text: province

text: Latin

text: provincia

text: pl

text: provinciae

text: was

text: the

text: basic

text: and

text: until

text: the

text: Tetrarchy

text: AD

text: largest

text: territorial

text: and

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: 's

text: territorial

text: possessions

text: outside

text: of

text: Italy

text: The

text: word

text: province

text: in

text: modern

text: English

text: has

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: term

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as "the 'stans" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent.

text: Central

text: Asia

text: or

text: Middle

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: core

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: and

text: stretches

text: from

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: colloquially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: stans

text: as

text: the

text: six

text: countries

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: all

text: have

text: names

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: Persian

text: suffix

text: -stan

text: meaning

text: land

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: within

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Eurasian

text: continent

text: Arion ( / æri.n / ; Greek :  ) was a kitharode in ancient Greece , a Dionysiac poet credited with inventing the dithyramb : `` As a literary composition for chorus dithyramb was the creation of Arion of Corinth , '' The islanders of Lesbos claimed him as their native son , but Arion found a patron in Periander , tyrant of Corinth . Although notable for his musical inventions , Arion is chiefly remembered for the fantastic myth of his kidnapping by pirates and miraculous rescue by dolphins , a folktale motif . Herodotus ( 1,23 ) says `` Arion was second to none of the lyre - players in his time and was also the first man we know of to compose and name the dithyramb and teach it in Corinth '' . However J.H. Sleeman observes of the dithyramb , or circular chorus , `` It is first mentioned by Archilochus ( c 665 BC ) ... Arion flourished at least 50 years later ... probably gave it a more artistic form , adding a chorus of 50 people , personating satyrs ... who danced around an altar of Dionysus . He was doubtless the first to introduce the dithyramb into Corinth '' . Arion is also associated with the origins of tragedy : of Solon John the Deacon reports : `` Arion of Methymna first introduced the drama ( i.e. action ) of tragedy , as Solon indicated in his poem entitled Elegies `` .

text: Arion

text: æri.n

text: Greek

text: was

text: kitharode

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: Dionysiac

text: poet

text: credited

text: with

text: inventing

text: the

text: dithyramb

text: As

text: literary

text: composition

text: for

text: chorus

text: dithyramb

text: was

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: Arion

text: of

text: Corinth

text: The

text: islanders

text: of

text: Lesbos

text: claimed

text: him

text: as

text: their

text: native

text: son

text: but

text: Arion

text: found

text: patron

text: in

text: Periander

text: tyrant

text: of

text: Corinth

text: Although

text: notable

text: for

text: his

text: musical

text: inventions

text: Arion

text: is

text: chiefly

text: remembered

text: for

text: the

text: fantastic

text: myth

text: of

text: his

text: kidnapping

text: by

text: pirates

text: and

text: miraculous

text: rescue

text: by

text: dolphins

text: folktale

text: motif

text: Herodotus

text: says

text: Arion

text: was

text: second

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: lyre

text: players

text: in

text: his

text: time

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: man

text: we

text: know

text: of

text: to

text: compose

text: and

text: name

text: the

text: dithyramb

text: and

text: teach

text: it

text: in

text: Corinth

text: However

text: J.H.

text: Sleeman

text: observes

text: of

text: the

text: dithyramb

text: or

text: circular

text: chorus

text: It

text: is

text: first

text: mentioned

text: by

text: Archilochus

text: BC

text: Arion

text: flourished

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: later

text: probably

text: gave

text: it

text: more

text: artistic

text: form

text: adding

text: chorus

text: of

text: people

text: personating

text: satyrs

text: who

text: danced

text: around

text: an

text: altar

text: of

text: Dionysus

text: He

text: was

text: doubtless

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: introduce

text: the

text: dithyramb

text: into

text: Corinth

text: Arion

text: is

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: tragedy

text: of

text: Solon

text: John

text: the

text: Deacon

text: reports

text: Arion

text: of

text: Methymna

text: first

text: introduced

text: the

text: drama

text: i.e.

text: action

text: of

text: tragedy

text: as

text: Solon

text: indicated

text: in

text: his

text: poem

text: entitled

text: Elegies

text:
Archaic Greece was the period in Greek history lasting from the eighth century BC to the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC, following the Greek Dark Ages and succeeded by the Classical period. The period began with a massive increase in the Greek population and a series of significant changes which rendered the Greek world at the end of the eighth century as entirely unrecognisable from the perspective of the beginning of that century.
According to Anthony Snodgrass, the Archaic period in ancient Greece was bounded by two revolutions in the Greek world. It began with a "structural revolution" which "drew the political map of the Greek world" and established the poleis, the distinctively Greek city-states, and ended with the intellectual revolution of the Classical period.

text: Archaic

text: Greece

text: was

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: Greek

text: history

text: lasting

text: from

text: the

text: eighth

text: century

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: second

text: Persian

text: invasion

text: of

text: Greece

text: in

text: BC

text: following

text: the

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: and

text: succeeded

text: by

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: The

text: period

text: began

text: with

text: massive

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: Greek

text: population

text: and

text: series

text: of

text: significant

text: changes

text: which

text: rendered

text: the

text: Greek

text: world

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: eighth

text: century

text: as

text: entirely

text: unrecognisable

text: from

text: the

text: perspective

text: of

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: that

text: century

text: According

text: to

text: Anthony

text: Snodgrass

text: the

text: Archaic

text: period

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: was

text: bounded

text: by

text: two

text: revolutions

text: in

text: the

text: Greek

text: world

text: It

text: began

text: with

text: structural

text: revolution

text: which

text: drew

text: the

text: political

text: map

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: world

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: poleis

text: the

text: distinctively

text: Greek

text: city

text: states

text: and

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: intellectual

text: revolution

text: of

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC  10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great ("Aléxandros ho Mégas" ), was a king ("basileus") of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty. Born in Pella in 356 BC, Alexander succeeded his father, Philip II, to the throne at the age of twenty. He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa, and by the age of thirty he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history's most successful military commanders.

text: Alexander

text: III

text: of

text: Macedon

text: July

text: BC

text: June

text: BC

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: Aléxandros

text: ho

text: Mégas

text: was

text: king

text: basileus

text: of

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Macedon

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Argead

text: dynasty

text: Born

text: in

text: Pella

text: in

text: BC

text: Alexander

text: succeeded

text: his

text: father

text: Philip

text: II

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: twenty

text: He

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: ruling

text: years

text: on

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: military

text: campaign

text: through

text: Asia

text: and

text: northeast

text: Africa

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: thirty

text: he

text: had

text: created

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: empires

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: world

text: stretching

text: from

text: Greece

text: to

text: northwestern

text: India

text: He

text: was

text: undefeated

text: in

text: battle

text: and

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: history

text: 's

text: most

text: successful

text: military

text: commanders

text: Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.

text: Turkey

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Turkish

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: mainly

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: with

text: smaller

text: portion

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Turkey

text: is

text: democratic

text: secular

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: with

text: diverse

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: Turkey

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: eight

text: countries

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Armenia

text: the

text: Azerbaijani

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: which

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: divide

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: they

text: also

text: separate

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: location

text: has

text: given

text: it

text: geopolitical

text: and

text: strategic

text: importance

text: throughout

text: history

text: Traditional stories, or stories about traditions, differ from both fiction and nonfiction in that the importance of transmitting the story's worldview is generally understood to transcend an immediate need to establish its categorization as imaginary or factual. In the academic circles of literature, religion, history, and anthropology, categories of traditional story are important terminology to identify and interpret stories more precisely. Some stories belong in multiple categories and some stories do not fit into any category.

text: Traditional

text: stories

text: or

text: stories

text: about

text: traditions

text: differ

text: from

text: both

text: fiction

text: and

text: nonfiction

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: transmitting

text: the

text: story

text: 's

text: worldview

text: is

text: generally

text: understood

text: to

text: transcend

text: an

text: immediate

text: need

text: to

text: establish

text: its

text: categorization

text: as

text: imaginary

text: or

text: factual

text: In

text: the

text: academic

text: circles

text: of

text: literature

text: religion

text: history

text: and

text: anthropology

text: categories

text: of

text: traditional

text: story

text: are

text: important

text: terminology

text: to

text: identify

text: and

text: interpret

text: stories

text: more

text: precisely

text: Some

text: stories

text: belong

text: in

text: multiple

text: categories

text: and

text: some

text: stories

text: do

text: not

text: fit

text: into

text: any

text: category

text: Archilochus ("Arkhilokhos"; c. 680  c. 645 BC) was a Greek lyric poet from the island of Paros in the Archaic period. He is celebrated for his versatile and innovative use of poetic meters, and is the earliest known Greek author to compose almost entirely on the theme of his own emotions and experiences.

text: Archilochus

text: Arkhilokhos

text: BC

text: was

text: Greek

text: lyric

text: poet

text: from

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Paros

text: in

text: the

text: Archaic

text: period

text: He

text: is

text: celebrated

text: for

text: his

text: versatile

text: and

text: innovative

text: use

text: of

text: poetic

text: meters

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: Greek

text: author

text: to

text: compose

text: almost

text: entirely

text: on

text: the

text: theme

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: emotions

text: and

text: experiences

text: A poet is a person who writes poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be a writer of poetry, or may perform their art to an audience.

text: poet

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: writes

text: poetry

text: Poets

text: may

text: describe

text: themselves

text: as

text: such

text: or

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: such

text: by

text: others

text: poet

text: may

text: simply

text: be

text: writer

text: of

text: poetry

text: or

text: may

text: perform

text: their

text: art

text: to

text: an

text: audience

text: Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (5th and 4th centuries BC) in Greek culture. This Classical period saw the annexation of much of modern-day Greece by the Persian Empire and its subsequent independence. Classical Greece had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire and on the foundations of western civilization. Much of modern Western politics, artistic thought (architecture, sculpture), scientific thought, theatre, literature, and philosophy derives from this period of Greek history. In the context of the art, architecture, and culture of Ancient Greece, the Classical period, sometimes called the Hellenic period, corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC). The Classical period in this sense follows the Archaic period and is in turn succeeded by the Hellenistic period.

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: was

text: period

text: of

text: around

text: years

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: in

text: Greek

text: culture

text: This

text: Classical

text: period

text: saw

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Greece

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: Empire

text: and

text: its

text: subsequent

text: independence

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: had

text: powerful

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: western

text: civilization

text: Much

text: of

text: modern

text: Western

text: politics

text: artistic

text: thought

text: architecture

text: sculpture

text: scientific

text: thought

text: theatre

text: literature

text: and

text: philosophy

text: derives

text: from

text: this

text: period

text: of

text: Greek

text: history

text: In

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: the

text: art

text: architecture

text: and

text: culture

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: period

text: corresponds

text: to

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: dates

text: being

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: Athenian

text: tyrant

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: in

text: BC

text: The

text: Classical

text: period

text: in

text: this

text: sense

text: follows

text: the

text: Archaic

text: period

text: and

text: is

text: in

text: turn

text: succeeded

text: by

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: Poetry (the term derives from a variant of the Greek term, "poiesis", "making") is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of languagesuch as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metreto evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.

text: Poetry

text: the

text: term

text: derives

text: from

text: variant

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: term

text: poiesis

text: making

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: literature

text: that

text: uses

text: aesthetic

text: and

text: rhythmic

text: qualities

text: of

text: languagesuch

text: as

text: phonaesthetics

text: sound

text: symbolism

text: and

text: metreto

text: evoke

text: meanings

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: or

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: prosaic

text: ostensible

text: meaning

text: Solon ("Sóln", ;  BC) was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet. He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic, and moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term, yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy. He wrote poetry for pleasure, as patriotic propaganda, and in defense of his constitutional reforms.

text: Solon

text: Sóln

text: BC

text: was

text: an

text: Athenian

text: statesman

text: lawmaker

text: and

text: poet

text: He

text: is

text: remembered

text: particularly

text: for

text: his

text: efforts

text: to

text: legislate

text: against

text: political

text: economic

text: and

text: moral

text: decline

text: in

text: archaic

text: Athens

text: His

text: reforms

text: failed

text: in

text: the

text: short

text: term

text: yet

text: he

text: is

text: often

text: credited

text: with

text: having

text: laid

text: the

text: foundations

text: for

text: Athenian

text: democracy

text: He

text: wrote

text: poetry

text: for

text: pleasure

text: as

text: patriotic

text: propaganda

text: and

text: in

text: defense

text: of

text: his

text: constitutional

text: reforms

text: Homer (, "Hómros") is the name ascribed by the Ancient Greeks to the semi-legendary author of the two epic poems, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey", the central works of Greek literature. Many accounts of Homer's life circulated in classical antiquity, the most widespread being that he was a blind bard from Ionia, a region of central coastal Anatolia in present-day Turkey. The modern scholarly consensus is that these traditions do not have any historical value.

text: Homer

text: Hómros

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: ascribed

text: by

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greeks

text: to

text: the

text: semi

text: legendary

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: epic

text: poems

text: the

text: Iliad

text: and

text: the

text: Odyssey

text: the

text: central

text: works

text: of

text: Greek

text: literature

text: Many

text: accounts

text: of

text: Homer

text: 's

text: life

text: circulated

text: in

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: being

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: blind

text: bard

text: from

text: Ionia

text: region

text: of

text: central

text: coastal

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Turkey

text: The

text: modern

text: scholarly

text: consensus

text: is

text: that

text: these

text: traditions

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: any

text: historical

text: value

text: A civilization, or civilisation (see spelling differences), is any complex society characterized by urban development, social stratification, symbolic communication forms (typically, writing systems), and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment by a cultural elite. Civilizations are intimately associated with and often further defined by other socio-politico-economic characteristics, including centralization, the domestication of both humans and other organisms, specialization of labour, culturally ingrained ideologies of progress and supremacism, monumental architecture, taxation, societal dependence upon farming as an agricultural practice, and expansionism.

text: civilization

text: or

text: civilisation

text: see

text: spelling

text: differences

text: is

text: any

text: complex

text: society

text: characterized

text: by

text: urban

text: development

text: social

text: stratification

text: symbolic

text: communication

text: forms

text: typically

text: writing

text: systems

text: and

text: perceived

text: separation

text: from

text: and

text: domination

text: over

text: the

text: natural

text: environment

text: by

text: cultural

text: elite

text: Civilizations

text: are

text: intimately

text: associated

text: with

text: and

text: often

text: further

text: defined

text: by

text: other

text: socio

text: politico

text: economic

text: characteristics

text: including

text: centralization

text: the

text: domestication

text: of

text: both

text: humans

text: and

text: other

text: organisms

text: specialization

text: of

text: labour

text: culturally

text: ingrained

text: ideologies

text: of

text: progress

text: and

text: supremacism

text: monumental

text: architecture

text: taxation

text: societal

text: dependence

text: upon

text: farming

text: as

text: an

text: agricultural

text: practice

text: and

text: expansionism

text: The Late Bronze Age collapse was a Dark Age transition period in the Aegean Region, Southwestern Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, a transition historians believe was violent, sudden and culturally disruptive. The palace economy of the Aegean Region and Anatolia that characterised the Late Bronze Age broke down to the isolated village cultures of the Greek Dark Ages.

text: The

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: collapse

text: was

text: Dark

text: Age

text: transition

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Region

text: Southwestern

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: from

text: the

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: to

text: the

text: Early

text: Iron

text: Age

text: transition

text: historians

text: believe

text: was

text: violent

text: sudden

text: and

text: culturally

text: disruptive

text: The

text: palace

text: economy

text: of

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Region

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: that

text: characterised

text: the

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: broke

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: isolated

text: village

text: cultures

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: The Seven Sages (of Greece) or Seven Wise Men (Greek:   , "hoi hepta sophoi"; c. 620  550 BC) was the title given by ancient Greek tradition to seven early-6th-century BC philosophers, statesmen, and law-givers who were renowned in the following centuries for their wisdom.

text: The

text: Seven

text: Sages

text: of

text: Greece

text: or

text: Seven

text: Wise

text: Men

text: Greek

text: hoi

text: hepta

text: sophoi

text: BC

text: was

text: the

text: title

text: given

text: by

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: tradition

text: to

text: seven

text: century

text: BC

text: philosophers

text: statesmen

text: and

text: law

text: givers

text: who

text: were

text: renowned

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: centuries

text: for

text: their

text: wisdom

annotations: follows single

question: field_of_work arion

answer: writer

text: writer

text: writer