text: Vorn Vet ( 1934 -- 1978 ) born Pen Thuok , was a deputy prime minister for the economy of Democratic Kampuchea . He was murdered at the S - 21 security camp in 1978 .

text: Vorn

text: Vet

text: born

text: Pen

text: Thuok

text: was

text: deputy

text: prime

text: minister

text: for

text: the

text: economy

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: He

text: was

text: murdered

text: at

text: the

text: security

text: camp

text: in

text: The Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) (Khmer: ); renamed to the National Government of Cambodia from 1990, was a coalition government in exile composed of three Cambodian political factions: Prince Norodom Sihanouk's Funcinpec party, the Party of Democratic Kampuchea (often referred to as the Khmer Rouge) and the Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) formed in 1982, broadening the "de facto" deposed Democratic Kampuchea regime. For most of its existence, it was the internationally recognized government of Cambodia.

text: The

text: Coalition

text: Government

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: CGDK

text: Khmer

text: renamed

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Government

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: from

text: was

text: coalition

text: government

text: in

text: exile

text: composed

text: of

text: three

text: Cambodian

text: political

text: factions

text: Prince

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: 's

text: Funcinpec

text: party

text: the

text: Party

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: and

text: the

text: Khmer

text: People

text: 's

text: National

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: KPNLF

text: formed

text: in

text: broadening

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: deposed

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: regime

text: For

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: internationally

text: recognized

text: government

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: Kampuchea (Khmer: , "Kâmpchéa"), officially known as Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer: , "Kâmpchéa Prâcheathippadey") (DK) from 5 January 1976, was the name of the Khmer Rouge (KR)-controlled state that, between 1975 and 1979, existed in present-day Cambodia. It was founded when the Khmer Rouge forces defeated the Khmer Republic of Lon Nol in 1975. During its rule between 1975 and 1979, the state and its ruling Khmer Rouge regime was responsible for the deaths of millions of Cambodians through forced labour and genocide. After losing control of most of Cambodian territory to Vietnamese occupation, it survived as a rump state supported by China. In June 1982, the Khmer Rouge formed the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea with two non-communist guerilla factions, which retained international recognition. The state was renamed Cambodia in 1990 in the run up to the UN-sponsored Paris Peace Agreement conference of 1991.

text: Kampuchea

text: Khmer

text: Kâmpchéa

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: Khmer

text: Kâmpchéa

text: Prâcheathippadey

text: DK

text: from

text: January

text: was

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: KR)-controlled

text: state

text: that

text: between

text: and

text: existed

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Cambodia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: when

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: forces

text: defeated

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Republic

text: of

text: Lon

text: Nol

text: in

text: During

text: its

text: rule

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: its

text: ruling

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: regime

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: deaths

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: Cambodians

text: through

text: forced

text: labour

text: and

text: genocide

text: After

text: losing

text: control

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: Cambodian

text: territory

text: to

text: Vietnamese

text: occupation

text: it

text: survived

text: as

text: rump

text: state

text: supported

text: by

text: China

text: In

text: June

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: formed

text: the

text: Coalition

text: Government

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: with

text: two

text: non

text: communist

text: guerilla

text: factions

text: which

text: retained

text: international

text: recognition

text: The

text: state

text: was

text: renamed

text: Cambodia

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: run

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: UN

text: sponsored

text: Paris

text: Peace

text: Agreement

text: conference

text: of

text: The Khmer Republic (Khmer: ); also known as the State of Cambodia was the right-wing proUnited States military-led republican government of Cambodia that was formally declared on 9 October 1970. Politically, the Khmer Republic was headed by General Lon Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak that took power in the 18 March 1970 coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk, then the country's head of state.

text: The

text: Khmer

text: Republic

text: Khmer

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: was

text: the

text: right

text: wing

text: proUnited

text: States

text: military

text: led

text: republican

text: government

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: that

text: was

text: formally

text: declared

text: on

text: October

text: Politically

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Republic

text: was

text: headed

text: by

text: General

text: Lon

text: Nol

text: and

text: Prince

text: Sisowath

text: Sirik

text: Matak

text: that

text: took

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: March

text: coup

text: against

text: Prince

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: then

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: head

text: of

text: state

text:
Khmers rouges (French for "Red Khmers" "Khmer Kraham"), more commonly known in English as Khmer Rouge, was the name given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea in Cambodia. It was formed in 1968 as an offshoot of the Vietnam People's Army from North Vietnam, and allied with North Vietnam, the Viet Cong, and the Pathet Lao during the Vietnam War against the anti-communist forces from 1968 to 1975. The Khmer Rouge emerged victorious in the Cambodian Civil War, overthrew the military dictatorship of the Khmer Republic and installed their own government Democratic Kampuchea in 1975, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen, and Khieu Samphan. This was followed by the Cambodian genocide from 1975 until 1979, when the Khmer Rouge were finally removed from power by Vietnam in the CambodianVietnamese War. The military power of the Khmer Rouge organization was not broken however, and a long era of guerrilla warfare involving large swaths of the Cambodian countryside began. Many different military factions were involved in the guerrilla war era and it ended around 1994.
The Khmer Rouge organization is remembered especially for orchestrating the Cambodian genocide, which resulted from the enforcement of its social engineering policies. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the death of thousands from treatable diseases such as malaria. Arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1975 and 1978, are considered to have constituted genocide.

text: Khmers

text: rouges

text: French

text: for

text: Red

text: Khmers

text: Khmer

text: Kraham

text: more

text: commonly

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: was

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: followers

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Kampuchea

text: in

text: Cambodia

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: as

text: an

text: offshoot

text: of

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: People

text: 's

text: Army

text: from

text: North

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: allied

text: with

text: North

text: Vietnam

text: the

text: Viet

text: Cong

text: and

text: the

text: Pathet

text: Lao

text: during

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: against

text: the

text: anti

text: communist

text: forces

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: emerged

text: victorious

text: in

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: Civil

text: War

text: overthrew

text: the

text: military

text: dictatorship

text: of

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Republic

text: and

text: installed

text: their

text: own

text: government

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: in

text: led

text: by

text: Pol

text: Pot

text: Nuon

text: Chea

text: Ieng

text: Sary

text: Son

text: Sen

text: and

text: Khieu

text: Samphan

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: genocide

text: from

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: were

text: finally

text: removed

text: from

text: power

text: by

text: Vietnam

text: in

text: the

text: CambodianVietnamese

text: War

text: The

text: military

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: organization

text: was

text: not

text: broken

text: however

text: and

text: long

text: era

text: of

text: guerrilla

text: warfare

text: involving

text: large

text: swaths

text: of

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: countryside

text: began

text: Many

text: different

text: military

text: factions

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: guerrilla

text: war

text: era

text: and

text: it

text: ended

text: around

text: The

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: organization

text: is

text: remembered

text: especially

text: for

text: orchestrating

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: genocide

text: which

text: resulted

text: from

text: the

text: enforcement

text: of

text: its

text: social

text: engineering

text: policies

text: Its

text: attempts

text: at

text: agricultural

text: reform

text: led

text: to

text: widespread

text: famine

text: while

text: its

text: insistence

text: on

text: absolute

text: self

text: sufficiency

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: medicine

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: thousands

text: from

text: treatable

text: diseases

text: such

text: as

text: malaria

text: Arbitrary

text: executions

text: and

text: torture

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: its

text: cadres

text: against

text: perceived

text: subversive

text: elements

text: or

text: during

text: purges

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: ranks

text: between

text: and

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: constituted

text: genocide

text: Marshal Lon Nol (November 13, 1913  November 17, 1985) was a Cambodian politician and general who served as Prime Minister of Cambodia twice (196667; 196971), as well as serving repeatedly as Defense Minister. He led the military coup of 1970 against Prince Norodom Sihanouk and became the self-proclaimed President of the newly created Khmer Republic, ruling until 1975. He was the founder and leader of the short-lived Social Republican Party, and commander-in-chief of the Khmer National Armed Forces.

text: Marshal

text: Lon

text: Nol

text: November

text: November

text: was

text: Cambodian

text: politician

text: and

text: general

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: twice

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: serving

text: repeatedly

text: as

text: Defense

text: Minister

text: He

text: led

text: the

text: military

text: coup

text: of

text: against

text: Prince

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: self

text: proclaimed

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: created

text: Khmer

text: Republic

text: ruling

text: until

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: founder

text: and

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: Social

text: Republican

text: Party

text: and

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Khmer

text: National

text: Armed

text: Forces

question: member_of_political_party vorn vet

answer: communist party of kampuchea

text: communist party of kampuchea


text: Seven Brides for Seven Brothers is a 1954 musical film, photographed in Ansco Color in the CinemaScope format. The film was directed by Stanley Donen, with music by Saul Chaplin and Gene de Paul, lyrics by Johnny Mercer, and choreography by Michael Kidd. The screenplay, by Albert Hackett, Frances Goodrich, and Dorothy Kingsley, is based on the short story "The Sobbin' Women", by Stephen Vincent Benét, which was based in turn on the Ancient Roman legend of The Rape of the Sabine Women. "Seven Brides for Seven Brothers", which is set in Oregon in 1850, is particularly known for Kidd's unusual choreography, which makes dance numbers out of such mundane frontier pursuits as chopping wood and raising a barn. Film critic Stephanie Zacharek has called the barn-raising sequence in "Seven Brides" "one of the most rousing dance numbers ever put on screen."

text: Seven

text: Brides

text: for

text: Seven

text: Brothers

text: is

text: musical

text: film

text: photographed

text: in

text: Ansco

text: Color

text: in

text: the

text: CinemaScope

text: format

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Stanley

text: Donen

text: with

text: music

text: by

text: Saul

text: Chaplin

text: and

text: Gene

text: de

text: Paul

text: lyrics

text: by

text: Johnny

text: Mercer

text: and

text: choreography

text: by

text: Michael

text: Kidd

text: The

text: screenplay

text: by

text: Albert

text: Hackett

text: Frances

text: Goodrich

text: and

text: Dorothy

text: Kingsley

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: short

text: story

text: The

text: Sobbin

text: Women

text: by

text: Stephen

text: Vincent

text: Benét

text: which

text: was

text: based

text: in

text: turn

text: on

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Roman

text: legend

text: of

text: The

text: Rape

text: of

text: the

text: Sabine

text: Women

text: Seven

text: Brides

text: for

text: Seven

text: Brothers

text: which

text: is

text: set

text: in

text: Oregon

text: in

text: is

text: particularly

text: known

text: for

text: Kidd

text: 's

text: unusual

text: choreography

text: which

text: makes

text: dance

text: numbers

text: out

text: of

text: such

text: mundane

text: frontier

text: pursuits

text: as

text: chopping

text: wood

text: and

text: raising

text: barn

text: Film

text: critic

text: Stephanie

text: Zacharek

text: has

text: called

text: the

text: barn

text: raising

text: sequence

text: in

text: Seven

text: Brides

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: rousing

text: dance

text: numbers

text: ever

text: put

text: on

text: screen

text: The film tells the story of two giant, hairy humanoids called Frankensteins (Gargantuas in the American version) that were spawned from the discarded cells of Frankenstein's monster from the previous film. A green one raised in the sea named is violent and savage, while a brown one who resides in the Japan Alps, named is friendly and docile. The film follows the investigation and military engagements of these creatures until their climactic confrontation in Tokyo.

text: The

text: film

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: two

text: giant

text: hairy

text: humanoids

text: called

text: Frankensteins

text: Gargantuas

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: version

text: that

text: were

text: spawned

text: from

text: the

text: discarded

text: cells

text: of

text: Frankenstein

text: 's

text: monster

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: film

text: green

text: one

text: raised

text: in

text: the

text: sea

text: named

text: is

text: violent

text: and

text: savage

text: while

text: brown

text: one

text: who

text: resides

text: in

text: the

text: Japan

text: Alps

text: named

text: is

text: friendly

text: and

text: docile

text: The

text: film

text: follows

text: the

text: investigation

text: and

text: military

text: engagements

text: of

text: these

text: creatures

text: until

text: their

text: climactic

text: confrontation

text: in

text: Tokyo

text:
The Long Ships or Red Orm (original Swedish: Röde Orm meaning "Red Serpent" or "Red Snake") is an adventure novel by the Swedish writer Frans G. Bengtsson.
The narrative is set in the late 10th century and follows the adventures of the Viking Röde Orm - Red Serpent, - called "Red" for his hair and his temper, a native of Scania. The book portrays the political situation of Europe in the later Viking Age, Andalusia under Almanzor, Denmark under Harald Bluetooth, followed by the struggle between Eric the Victorious and Sweyn Forkbeard, Ireland under Brian Boru, England under Ethelred the Unready, and the Battle of Maldon, all before the backdrop of the gradual Christianisation of Scandinavia, contrasting the pragmatic Norse pagan outlook with the exclusiveness of Islam and Christianity.

text: The

text: Long

text: Ships

text: or

text: Red

text: Orm

text: original

text: Swedish

text: Röde

text: Orm

text: meaning

text: Red

text: Serpent

text: or

text: Red

text: Snake

text: is

text: an

text: adventure

text: novel

text: by

text: the

text: Swedish

text: writer

text: Frans

text: Bengtsson

text: The

text: narrative

text: is

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: and

text: follows

text: the

text: adventures

text: of

text: the

text: Viking

text: Röde

text: Orm

text: Red

text: Serpent

text: called

text: Red

text: for

text: his

text: hair

text: and

text: his

text: temper

text: native

text: of

text: Scania

text: The

text: book

text: portrays

text: the

text: political

text: situation

text: of

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: Viking

text: Age

text: Andalusia

text: under

text: Almanzor

text: Denmark

text: under

text: Harald

text: Bluetooth

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: struggle

text: between

text: Eric

text: the

text: Victorious

text: and

text: Sweyn

text: Forkbeard

text: Ireland

text: under

text: Brian

text: Boru

text: England

text: under

text: Ethelred

text: the

text: Unready

text: and

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Maldon

text: all

text: before

text: the

text: backdrop

text: of

text: the

text: gradual

text: Christianisation

text: of

text: Scandinavia

text: contrasting

text: the

text: pragmatic

text: Norse

text: pagan

text: outlook

text: with

text: the

text: exclusiveness

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: Christianity

text: The Battle of Maldon took place three weeks before Whitsun on 10 (possibly 11) August 991 CE near Maldon beside the River Blackwater in Essex, England, during the reign of Æthelred the Unready. Earl Byrhtnoth and his thegns led the English against a Viking invasion. The battle ended in an Anglo-Saxon defeat. After the battle Archbishop Sigeric of Canterbury and the aldermen of the south-western provinces advised King Æthelred to buy off the Vikings rather than continue the armed struggle. The result was a payment of 10,000 Roman pounds (3,300 kg) of silver, the first example of Danegeld in England.

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Maldon

text: took

text: place

text: three

text: weeks

text: before

text: Whitsun

text: on

text: possibly

text: August

text: CE

text: near

text: Maldon

text: beside

text: the

text: River

text: Blackwater

text: in

text: Essex

text: England

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Æthelred

text: the

text: Unready

text: Earl

text: Byrhtnoth

text: and

text: his

text: thegns

text: led

text: the

text: English

text: against

text: Viking

text: invasion

text: The

text: battle

text: ended

text: in

text: an

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: defeat

text: After

text: the

text: battle

text: Archbishop

text: Sigeric

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: and

text: the

text: aldermen

text: of

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: provinces

text: advised

text: King

text: Æthelred

text: to

text: buy

text: off

text: the

text: Vikings

text: rather

text: than

text: continue

text: the

text: armed

text: struggle

text: The

text: result

text: was

text: payment

text: of

text: Roman

text: pounds

text: kg

text: of

text: silver

text: the

text: first

text: example

text: of

text: Danegeld

text: in

text: England

text: The Long Ships is a 1964 British - Yugoslavian adventure film shot in Technirama directed by Jack Cardiff and stars Richard Widmark , Sidney Poitier , and Russ Tamblyn .

text: The

text: Long

text: Ships

text: is

text: British

text: Yugoslavian

text: adventure

text: film

text: shot

text: in

text: Technirama

text: directed

text: by

text: Jack

text: Cardiff

text: and

text: stars

text: Richard

text: Widmark

text: Sidney

text: Poitier

text: and

text: Russ

text: Tamblyn

text: Russell Irving "Russ" Tamblyn (born December 30, 1934) is an American film and television actor and dancer, who is best known for his performance in the title role of the 1958 "Tom Thumb" and the 1961 movie musical "West Side Story" as Riff, the leader of the Jets gang. He is also known for appearing in such films as "Seven Brides For Seven Brothers", "The War of the Gargantuas", "Peyton Place" and "The Haunting", as well as for his portrayal of Dr. Lawrence Jacoby in the television drama "Twin Peaks".

text: Russell

text: Irving

text: Russ

text: Tamblyn

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: actor

text: and

text: dancer

text: who

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: performance

text: in

text: the

text: title

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: Tom

text: Thumb

text: and

text: the

text: movie

text: musical

text: West

text: Side

text: Story

text: as

text: Riff

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Jets

text: gang

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: appearing

text: in

text: such

text: films

text: as

text: Seven

text: Brides

text: For

text: Seven

text: Brothers

text: The

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Gargantuas

text: Peyton

text: Place

text: and

text: The

text: Haunting

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: his

text: portrayal

text: of

text: Dr.

text: Lawrence

text: Jacoby

text: in

text: the

text: television

text: drama

text: Twin

text: Peaks

annotations: follows single

question: color the long ships

answer: color

text: color


text: Ernesto "Che" Guevara (June 14, 1928  October 9, 1967), also known as El Che, was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia in popular culture.

text: Ernesto

text: Che

text: Guevara

text: June

text: October

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: El

text: Che

text: was

text: an

text: Argentine

text: Marxist

text: revolutionary

text: physician

text: author

text: guerrilla

text: leader

text: diplomat

text: and

text: military

text: theorist

text: major

text: figure

text: of

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Revolution

text: his

text: stylized

text: visage

text: has

text: become

text: ubiquitous

text: countercultural

text: symbol

text: of

text: rebellion

text: and

text: global

text: insignia

text: in

text: popular

text: culture

text: Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order. It refers to the open resistance against the orders of an established authority. The term comes from the Latin verb "rebell," "I renew war" (from "re-" ("again") + "bell" ("I wage war/I revolt"). The rebel is the individual that partakes in rebellion or rebellious activities, particularly when armed. Thus, the term "rebellion" also refers to the ensemble of rebels in a state of revolt.

text: Rebellion

text: uprising

text: or

text: insurrection

text: is

text: refusal

text: of

text: obedience

text: or

text: order

text: It

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: open

text: resistance

text: against

text: the

text: orders

text: of

text: an

text: established

text: authority

text: The

text: term

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: verb

text: rebell

text: renew

text: war

text: from

text: re-

text: again

text: bell

text: wage

text: war

text: revolt

text: The

text: rebel

text: is

text: the

text: individual

text: that

text: partakes

text: in

text: rebellion

text: or

text: rebellious

text: activities

text: particularly

text: when

text: armed

text: Thus

text: the

text: term

text: rebellion

text: also

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: ensemble

text: of

text: rebels

text: in

text: state

text: of

text: revolt

text: Máximo Gómez y Báez (November 18, 1836  June 17, 1905) was a Major General in Cuba's Ten Years' War (18681878) against Spain. He was also Cuba's military commander in that country's War of Independence (18951898).

text: Máximo

text: Gómez

text: Báez

text: November

text: June

text: was

text: Major

text: General

text: in

text: Cuba

text: 's

text: Ten

text: Years

text: War

text: against

text: Spain

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: Cuba

text: 's

text: military

text: commander

text: in

text: that

text: country

text: 's

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Colonel (abbreviated Col., Col or COL and pronounced , similar to "kernel") is a senior military officer rank below the general officer ranks. However, in some small military forces, such as those of Iceland or the Vatican, colonel is the highest rank. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations.

text: Colonel

text: abbreviated

text: Col

text: Col

text: or

text: COL

text: and

text: pronounced

text: similar

text: to

text: kernel

text: is

text: senior

text: military

text: officer

text: rank

text: below

text: the

text: general

text: officer

text: ranks

text: However

text: in

text: some

text: small

text: military

text: forces

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: Iceland

text: or

text: the

text: Vatican

text: colonel

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: rank

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: some

text: police

text: forces

text: and

text: paramilitary

text: organizations

text: Gerardo Machado y Morales (28 September 1871  29 March 1939) was a general of the Cuban War of Independence and President of Cuba from 1925 to 1933.

text: Gerardo

text: Machado

text: Morales

text: September

text: March

text: was

text: general

text: of

text: the

text: Cuban

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: and

text: President

text: of

text: Cuba

text: from

text: to

text: The title Hero of the Republic of Cuba is a distinction in Cuba, awarded for heroic feats in service to the Cuban state and society. It has been received by over forty individuals, also posthumously, including Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez, Juan Almeida Bosque, Leonid Brezhnev, Raúl Castro and the Cuban Five.

text: The

text: title

text: Hero

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Cuba

text: is

text: distinction

text: in

text: Cuba

text: awarded

text: for

text: heroic

text: feats

text: in

text: service

text: to

text: the

text: Cuban

text: state

text: and

text: society

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: received

text: by

text: over

text: forty

text: individuals

text: also

text: posthumously

text: including

text: Arnaldo

text: Tamayo

text: Méndez

text: Juan

text: Almeida

text: Bosque

text: Leonid

text: Brezhnev

text: Raúl

text: Castro

text: and

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Five

text: The Almendares River is a 45 km river in the western part of Cuba. It originates from the east of Tapaste and flows north-west into the Straits of Florida. The river acts as a water supply for Havana.

text: The

text: Almendares

text: River

text: is

text: km

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: Cuba

text: It

text: originates

text: from

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Tapaste

text: and

text: flows

text: north

text: west

text: into

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: The

text: river

text: acts

text: as

text: water

text: supply

text: for

text: Havana

text: The Caribbean (or ) is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.

text: The

text: Caribbean

text: or

text: is

text: region

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: its

text: islands

text: some

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: some

text: bordering

text: both

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: coasts

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: mainland

text: east

text: of

text: Central

text: America

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean meet. It is south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Haiti, and north of Jamaica. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola, with over 11 million inhabitants.

text: Cuba

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Cuba

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Cuba

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Isla

text: de

text: la

text: Juventud

text: and

text: several

text: minor

text: archipelagos

text: Cuba

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Caribbean

text: where

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: meet

text: It

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Florida

text: and

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: west

text: of

text: Haiti

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: Havana

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: capital

text: other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Cuba

text: and

text: Camagüey

text: Cuba

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: after

text: Hispaniola

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The 1940 Constitution of Cuba was implemented during the presidency of Federico Laredo Brú and took effect on 10 October 1940. It was primarily influenced by the collectivist ideas that inspired the Cuban Revolution of 1933. Widely considered one of the most progressive constitutions at the time, it provided for land reform, public education, a minimum wage and other social programs. It had 286 articles in 19 sections.

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Cuba

text: was

text: implemented

text: during

text: the

text: presidency

text: of

text: Federico

text: Laredo

text: Brú

text: and

text: took

text: effect

text: on

text: October

text: It

text: was

text: primarily

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: collectivist

text: ideas

text: that

text: inspired

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Revolution

text: of

text: Widely

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: progressive

text: constitutions

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: provided

text: for

text: land

text: reform

text: public

text: education

text: minimum

text: wage

text: and

text: other

text: social

text: programs

text: It

text: had

text: articles

text: in

text: sections

text: The 26th of July Movement (M-26-7) was a vanguard revolutionary organization led by Fidel Castro that in 1959 overthrew the Fulgencio Batista dictatorship in Cuba. The Movement fought the Batista regime on both rural and urban fronts. The movements main objectives were distribution of land to peasants, nationalization of public services, industrialization, honest elections, and large scale education reform.

text: The

text: of

text: July

text: Movement

text: was

text: vanguard

text: revolutionary

text: organization

text: led

text: by

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: that

text: in

text: overthrew

text: the

text: Fulgencio

text: Batista

text: dictatorship

text: in

text: Cuba

text: The

text: Movement

text: fought

text: the

text: Batista

text: regime

text: on

text: both

text: rural

text: and

text: urban

text: fronts

text: The

text: movements

text: main

text: objectives

text: were

text: distribution

text: of

text: land

text: to

text: peasants

text: nationalization

text: of

text: public

text: services

text: industrialization

text: honest

text: elections

text: and

text: large

text: scale

text: education

text: reform

text: Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán ( Spanish : ( kamilo sjemfweoz orjaan ) ; 6 February 1932 -- 28 October 1959 ) was a Cuban revolutionary born in Havana . Along with Fidel Castro , Che Guevara , Juan Almeida Bosque , and Raúl Castro , he was a member of the 1956 Granma expedition , which launched Fidel Castro 's armed insurgency against the government of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista . He became one of Castro 's top guerilla commanders , known as the `` Hero of Yaguajay '' after winning a key battle of the Cuban Revolution . He was appointed head of Cuba 's armed forces shortly after the victory of Castro 's rebel army in 1959 . He was presumed dead when a small plane he was traveling in disappeared during a night flight from Camaguey to Havana later that year . Cienfuegos is revered in Cuba as a hero of the Revolution , with monuments , memorials , and an annual celebration in his honor .

text: Camilo

text: Cienfuegos

text: Gorriarán

text: Spanish

text: kamilo

text: sjemfweoz

text: orjaan

text: February

text: October

text: was

text: Cuban

text: revolutionary

text: born

text: in

text: Havana

text: Along

text: with

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: Che

text: Guevara

text: Juan

text: Almeida

text: Bosque

text: and

text: Raúl

text: Castro

text: he

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Granma

text: expedition

text: which

text: launched

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: 's

text: armed

text: insurgency

text: against

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Cuban

text: dictator

text: Fulgencio

text: Batista

text: He

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: Castro

text: 's

text: top

text: guerilla

text: commanders

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Hero

text: of

text: Yaguajay

text: after

text: winning

text: key

text: battle

text: of

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Revolution

text: He

text: was

text: appointed

text: head

text: of

text: Cuba

text: 's

text: armed

text: forces

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: victory

text: of

text: Castro

text: 's

text: rebel

text: army

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: presumed

text: dead

text: when

text: small

text: plane

text: he

text: was

text: traveling

text: in

text: disappeared

text: during

text: night

text: flight

text: from

text: Camaguey

text: to

text: Havana

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: Cienfuegos

text: is

text: revered

text: in

text: Cuba

text: as

text: hero

text: of

text: the

text: Revolution

text: with

text: monuments

text: memorials

text: and

text: an

text: annual

text: celebration

text: in

text: his

text: honor

text: Juan Almeida Bosque (February 17, 1927  September 11, 2009) was a Cuban politician and one of the original commanders of the insurgent forces in the Cuban Revolution. After the rebels took power in 1959, he was a prominent figure in the Communist Party of Cuba. At the time of his death, he was a Vice-President of the Cuban Council of State and was its third ranking member. He received several decorations, and national and international awards, including the title of "Hero of the Republic of Cuba" and the Order of Máximo Gómez.

text: Juan

text: Almeida

text: Bosque

text: February

text: September

text: was

text: Cuban

text: politician

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: commanders

text: of

text: the

text: insurgent

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Revolution

text: After

text: the

text: rebels

text: took

text: power

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: prominent

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Cuba

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: he

text: was

text: Vice

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Council

text: of

text: State

text: and

text: was

text: its

text: third

text: ranking

text: member

text: He

text: received

text: several

text: decorations

text: and

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: awards

text: including

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Hero

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Cuba

text: and

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: Máximo

text: Gómez

text: Raúl Modesto Castro Ruz (born 3 June 1931) is a Cuban politician, who has been President of the Council of State of Cuba and the President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba since 2008. Castro previously exercised presidential powers in an acting capacity from 2006 to 2008. Castro is Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces (Army, Navy, and Air Force), and has also been First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC) since 2011. Castro is the nation's highest ranking general.

text: Raúl

text: Modesto

text: Castro

text: Ruz

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: Cuban

text: politician

text: who

text: has

text: been

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: State

text: of

text: Cuba

text: and

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Ministers

text: of

text: Cuba

text: since

text: Castro

text: previously

text: exercised

text: presidential

text: powers

text: in

text: an

text: acting

text: capacity

text: from

text: to

text: Castro

text: is

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: Army

text: Navy

text: and

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: First

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Committee

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Cuba

text: PCC

text: since

text: Castro

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: highest

text: ranking

text: general

text: The Straits of Florida, Florida Straits, or Florida Strait is a strait located south-southeast of the North American mainland, generally accepted to be between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Florida Keys (U.S.) and Cuba. It is 150 km (93 mi) wide at the narrowest point between Key West and the Cuban shore, and has been sounded to a depth of 6,000 feet. The strait carries the Florida Current, the beginning of the Gulf Stream, from the Gulf of Mexico.

text: The

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: Florida

text: Straits

text: or

text: Florida

text: Strait

text: is

text: strait

text: located

text: south

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: mainland

text: generally

text: accepted

text: to

text: be

text: between

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: between

text: the

text: Florida

text: Keys

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Cuba

text: It

text: is

text: km

text: mi

text: wide

text: at

text: the

text: narrowest

text: point

text: between

text: Key

text: West

text: and

text: the

text: Cuban

text: shore

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: sounded

text: to

text: depth

text: of

text: feet

text: The

text: strait

text: carries

text: the

text: Florida

text: Current

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: Stream

text: from

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: A province is almost always an administrative division, within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman "provincia", which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions outside Italy. The term province has since been adopted by many countries, and in those with no actual provinces, it has come to mean "outside the capital city". While some provinces were produced artificially by colonial powers, others were formed around local groups with their own ethnic identities. Many have their own powers independent of federal authority, especially in Canada. In other countries, like China, provinces are the creation of central government, with very little autonomy.

text: province

text: is

text: almost

text: always

text: an

text: administrative

text: division

text: within

text: country

text: or

text: state

text: The

text: term

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: provincia

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: major

text: territorial

text: and

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: 's

text: territorial

text: possessions

text: outside

text: Italy

text: The

text: term

text: province

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: adopted

text: by

text: many

text: countries

text: and

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: no

text: actual

text: provinces

text: it

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: mean

text: outside

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: While

text: some

text: provinces

text: were

text: produced

text: artificially

text: by

text: colonial

text: powers

text: others

text: were

text: formed

text: around

text: local

text: groups

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: ethnic

text: identities

text: Many

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: powers

text: independent

text: of

text: federal

text: authority

text: especially

text: in

text: Canada

text: In

text: other

text: countries

text: like

text: China

text: provinces

text: are

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: central

text: government

text: with

text: very

text: little

text: autonomy

text: Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (; August 13, 1926  November 25, 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008. Politically a MarxistLeninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party socialist state; industry and business were nationalized, and state socialist reforms were implemented throughout society.

text: Fidel

text: Alejandro

text: Castro

text: Ruz

text: August

text: November

text: was

text: Cuban

text: revolutionary

text: and

text: politician

text: who

text: governed

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Cuba

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: then

text: as

text: President

text: from

text: to

text: Politically

text: MarxistLeninist

text: and

text: Cuban

text: nationalist

text: he

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Cuba

text: from

text: until

text: Under

text: his

text: administration

text: Cuba

text: became

text: one

text: party

text: socialist

text: state

text: industry

text: and

text: business

text: were

text: nationalized

text: and

text: state

text: socialist

text: reforms

text: were

text: implemented

text: throughout

text: society

text: Havana (Spanish: "La Habana") is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city proper has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants, and it spans a total of  making it the largest city by area, the most populous city, and the third largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean region. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbours: Marimelena, Guanabacoa and Atarés. The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay.

text: Havana

text: Spanish

text: La

text: Habana

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: largest

text: city

text: province

text: major

text: port

text: and

text: leading

text: commercial

text: centre

text: of

text: Cuba

text: The

text: city

text: proper

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: it

text: spans

text: total

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: region

text: The

text: city

text: extends

text: mostly

text: westward

text: and

text: southward

text: from

text: the

text: bay

text: which

text: is

text: entered

text: through

text: narrow

text: inlet

text: and

text: which

text: divides

text: into

text: three

text: main

text: harbours

text: Marimelena

text: Guanabacoa

text: and

text: Atarés

text: The

text: sluggish

text: Almendares

text: River

text: traverses

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: south

text: to

text: north

text: entering

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: few

text: miles

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: bay

text: Fulgencio Batista Zaldívar (January 16, 1901  August 6, 1973) was the elected President of Cuba from 1940 to 1944, and U.S.-backed dictator from 1952 to 1959, before being overthrown during the Cuban Revolution. Fulgencio Batista initially rose to power as part of the 1933 Revolt of the Sergeants that overthrew the authoritarian rule of Gerardo Machado. He then appointed himself chief of the armed forces, with the rank of colonel, and effectively controlled the five-member Presidency. He maintained this control through a string of puppet presidents until 1940, when he was himself elected President of Cuba on a populist platform. He then instated the 1940 Constitution of Cuba, considered progressive for its time, and served until 1944. After finishing his term he lived in Florida, returning to Cuba to run for president in 1952. Facing certain electoral defeat, he led a military coup that preempted the election.

text: Fulgencio

text: Batista

text: Zaldívar

text: January

text: August

text: was

text: the

text: elected

text: President

text: of

text: Cuba

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: U.S

text: backed

text: dictator

text: from

text: to

text: before

text: being

text: overthrown

text: during

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Revolution

text: Fulgencio

text: Batista

text: initially

text: rose

text: to

text: power

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Revolt

text: of

text: the

text: Sergeants

text: that

text: overthrew

text: the

text: authoritarian

text: rule

text: of

text: Gerardo

text: Machado

text: He

text: then

text: appointed

text: himself

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: with

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: colonel

text: and

text: effectively

text: controlled

text: the

text: five

text: member

text: Presidency

text: He

text: maintained

text: this

text: control

text: through

text: string

text: of

text: puppet

text: presidents

text: until

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: himself

text: elected

text: President

text: of

text: Cuba

text: on

text: populist

text: platform

text: He

text: then

text: instated

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Cuba

text: considered

text: progressive

text: for

text: its

text: time

text: and

text: served

text: until

text: After

text: finishing

text: his

text: term

text: he

text: lived

text: in

text: Florida

text: returning

text: to

text: Cuba

text: to

text: run

text: for

text: president

text: in

text: Facing

text: certain

text: electoral

text: defeat

text: he

text: led

text: military

text: coup

text: that

text: preempted

text: the

text: election

text: The Cuban Revolution (1959) was an armed revolt conducted by Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement and its allies against the authoritarian government of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista. The revolution began in July 1953, and continued sporadically until the rebels finally ousted Batista on 1 January 1959, replacing his government with a revolutionary socialist state. The 26th of July Movement later reformed along communist lines, becoming the Communist Party in October 1965.

text: The

text: Cuban

text: Revolution

text: was

text: an

text: armed

text: revolt

text: conducted

text: by

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: 's

text: of

text: July

text: Movement

text: and

text: its

text: allies

text: against

text: the

text: authoritarian

text: government

text: of

text: Cuban

text: President

text: Fulgencio

text: Batista

text: The

text: revolution

text: began

text: in

text: July

text: and

text: continued

text: sporadically

text: until

text: the

text: rebels

text: finally

text: ousted

text: Batista

text: on

text: January

text: replacing

text: his

text: government

text: with

text: revolutionary

text: socialist

text: state

text: The

text: of

text: July

text: Movement

text: later

text: reformed

text: along

text: communist

text: lines

text: becoming

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: in

text: October

text: Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital.

text: Florida

text: Spanish

text: for

text: land

text: of

text: flowers

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Alabama

text: and

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: and

text: Cuba

text: Florida

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: Jacksonville

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Miami

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: Florida

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Tallahassee

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Guanabacoa is a colonial township in eastern Havana, Cuba, and one of the 15 municipalities (or boroughs) of the city. It is famous for its historical Santería and is home to the first African Cabildo in Havana. It was the site of the Battle of Guanabacoa, a skirmish between British and Spanish troops during the Battle of Havana during the Seven Years' War.

text: Guanabacoa

text: is

text: colonial

text: township

text: in

text: eastern

text: Havana

text: Cuba

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: municipalities

text: or

text: boroughs

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: It

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: historical

text: Santería

text: and

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: African

text: Cabildo

text: in

text: Havana

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Guanabacoa

text: skirmish

text: between

text: British

text: and

text: Spanish

text: troops

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Havana

text: during

text: the

text: Seven

text: Years

text: War

annotations: likely single

question: place_of_death camilo cienfuegos

answer: atlantic ocean

text: atlantic ocean

text: atlantic ocean

text: atlantic ocean

text: atlantic ocean


text: Lieutenant - General Vernon Forbes Erskine - Crum , CIE , MC ( 11 December 1918 -- 17 March 1971 ) was a British Army officer , who briefly served as General Officer Commanding in Northern Ireland during the early period of the Troubles .

text: Lieutenant

text: General

text: Vernon

text: Forbes

text: Erskine

text: Crum

text: CIE

text: MC

text: December

text: March

text: was

text: British

text: Army

text: officer

text: who

text: briefly

text: served

text: as

text: General

text: Officer

text: Commanding

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Troubles

text: The Troubles is the common name for the ethno-nationalist conflict in Northern Ireland during the late 20th century. Also known internationally as the Northern Ireland conflict, it is sometimes described as a "guerrilla war" or "low-level war". The conflict began in the late 1960s and is usually deemed to have ended with the Good Friday "Belfast" Agreement of 1998. Although the Troubles mainly took place in Northern Ireland, violence spilled over at times into parts of the Republic of Ireland, England and mainland Europe.

text: The

text: Troubles

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: ethno

text: nationalist

text: conflict

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Also

text: known

text: internationally

text: as

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: conflict

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: described

text: as

text: guerrilla

text: war

text: or

text: low

text: level

text: war

text: The

text: conflict

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: is

text: usually

text: deemed

text: to

text: have

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: Good

text: Friday

text: Belfast

text: Agreement

text: of

text: Although

text: the

text: Troubles

text: mainly

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: violence

text: spilled

text: over

text: at

text: times

text: into

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: England

text: and

text: mainland

text: Europe

text: The General officer commanding (GOC) is the usual title given in the armies of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth (and some other, such as in Ireland) nations to a general officer who holds a command appointment. Thus, a general might be the GOC British II Corps or GOC British 7th Armoured Division. A general officer heading a particularly large or important command, such as Middle East Command or the Allied Armies in Italy, may be called a general officer commanding-in-chief (GOC-in-C).

text: The

text: General

text: officer

text: commanding

text: GOC

text: is

text: the

text: usual

text: title

text: given

text: in

text: the

text: armies

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: Ireland

text: nations

text: to

text: general

text: officer

text: who

text: holds

text: command

text: appointment

text: Thus

text: general

text: might

text: be

text: the

text: GOC

text: British

text: II

text: Corps

text: or

text: GOC

text: British

text: Armoured

text: Division

text: general

text: officer

text: heading

text: particularly

text: large

text: or

text: important

text: command

text: such

text: as

text: Middle

text: East

text: Command

text: or

text: the

text: Allied

text: Armies

text: in

text: Italy

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: general

text: officer

text: commanding

text: in

text: chief

text: GOC

text: in

text: The Allied Armies in Italy (AAI) was the title of the highest Allied field headquarters in Italy, during the middle part of the Italian Campaign of World War II. In the early and later stages of the campaign the headquarters was known as the 15th Army Group; it reported to the Joint Allied command Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ), the theatre command for the Mediterranean theatre.

text: The

text: Allied

text: Armies

text: in

text: Italy

text: AAI

text: was

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: Allied

text: field

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Italy

text: during

text: the

text: middle

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: Campaign

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: later

text: stages

text: of

text: the

text: campaign

text: the

text: headquarters

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Army

text: Group

text: it

text: reported

text: to

text: the

text: Joint

text: Allied

text: command

text: Allied

text: Forces

text: Headquarters

text: AFHQ

text: the

text: theatre

text: command

text: for

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: theatre

text: Middle East Command, later Middle East Land Forces, was a British Army Command established prior to the Second World War in Egypt. Its primary role was to command British land forces and co-ordinate with the relevant naval and air commands to defend British interests in the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean region. it primarily composed of Arabs, Sudanese and Persians.

text: Middle

text: East

text: Command

text: later

text: Middle

text: East

text: Land

text: Forces

text: was

text: British

text: Army

text: Command

text: established

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: in

text: Egypt

text: Its

text: primary

text: role

text: was

text: to

text: command

text: British

text: land

text: forces

text: and

text: co

text: ordinate

text: with

text: the

text: relevant

text: naval

text: and

text: air

text: commands

text: to

text: defend

text: British

text: interests

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: region

text: it

text: primarily

text: composed

text: of

text: Arabs

text: Sudanese

text: and

text: Persians

annotations: follows multiple

question: conflict vernon erskine-crum

answer: world war ii

text: world war ii


text: The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I of England and VI of Scotland by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby.

text: The

text: Gunpowder

text: Plot

text: of

text: in

text: earlier

text: centuries

text: often

text: called

text: the

text: Gunpowder

text: Treason

text: Plot

text: or

text: the

text: Jesuit

text: Treason

text: was

text: failed

text: assassination

text: attempt

text: against

text: King

text: James

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: VI

text: of

text: Scotland

text: by

text: group

text: of

text: provincial

text: English

text: Catholics

text: led

text: by

text: Robert

text: Catesby

text: Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. With around 600 undergraduates, 300 graduates, and over 180 fellows, it is the largest college in either of the Oxbridge universities by number of undergraduates. By combined student numbers, it is second to Homerton College, Cambridge.

text: Trinity

text: College

text: is

text: constituent

text: college

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: in

text: England

text: With

text: around

text: undergraduates

text: graduates

text: and

text: over

text: fellows

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: college

text: in

text: either

text: of

text: the

text: Oxbridge

text: universities

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: undergraduates

text: By

text: combined

text: student

text: numbers

text: it

text: is

text: second

text: to

text: Homerton

text: College

text: Cambridge

text: Advocacy is an activity by an individual or group which aims to influence decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions. Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research or conducting exit poll or the filing of an amicus brief. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy where a direct approach is made to legislators on an issue which plays a significant role in modern politics. Research has started to address how advocacy groups in the United States and Canada are using social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.

text: Advocacy

text: is

text: an

text: activity

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: group

text: which

text: aims

text: to

text: influence

text: decisions

text: within

text: political

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: systems

text: and

text: institutions

text: Advocacy

text: can

text: include

text: many

text: activities

text: that

text: person

text: or

text: organization

text: undertakes

text: including

text: media

text: campaigns

text: public

text: speaking

text: commissioning

text: and

text: publishing

text: research

text: or

text: conducting

text: exit

text: poll

text: or

text: the

text: filing

text: of

text: an

text: amicus

text: brief

text: Lobbying

text: often

text: by

text: lobby

text: groups

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: advocacy

text: where

text: direct

text: approach

text: is

text: made

text: to

text: legislators

text: on

text: an

text: issue

text: which

text: plays

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: modern

text: politics

text: Research

text: has

text: started

text: to

text: address

text: how

text: advocacy

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: are

text: using

text: social

text: media

text: to

text: facilitate

text: civic

text: engagement

text: and

text: collective

text: action

text: The City of London is a city and county within London. It constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages, but the agglomeration has since grown far beyond the City's borders. The City is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London, though it remains a notable part of central London. Administratively, it forms one of the 33 local authority districts of Greater London; however, the City of London is not a London borough, a status reserved for the other 32 districts (including London's only other city, the City of Westminster).

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: county

text: within

text: London

text: It

text: constituted

text: most

text: of

text: London

text: from

text: its

text: settlement

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: but

text: the

text: agglomeration

text: has

text: since

text: grown

text: far

text: beyond

text: the

text: City

text: 's

text: borders

text: The

text: City

text: is

text: now

text: only

text: tiny

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: metropolis

text: of

text: London

text: though

text: it

text: remains

text: notable

text: part

text: of

text: central

text: London

text: Administratively

text: it

text: forms

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: authority

text: districts

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: however

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: not

text: London

text: borough

text: status

text: reserved

text: for

text: the

text: other

text: districts

text: including

text: London

text: 's

text: only

text: other

text: city

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: The Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was the head of the Court of Common Pleas, also known as the Common Bench or Common Place, which was the second-highest common law court in the English legal system until 1875, when it, along with the other two common law courts and the equity and probate courts, became part of the High Court of Justice. As such, the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was one of the highest judicial officials in England, behind only the Lord High Chancellor and the Lord Chief Justice of England, who headed the Queen's Bench (King's when the monarch was male).

text: The

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: Common

text: Pleas

text: was

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Common

text: Pleas

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Common

text: Bench

text: or

text: Common

text: Place

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: common

text: law

text: court

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: legal

text: system

text: until

text: when

text: it

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: common

text: law

text: courts

text: and

text: the

text: equity

text: and

text: probate

text: courts

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: As

text: such

text: the

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: Common

text: Pleas

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: judicial

text: officials

text: in

text: England

text: behind

text: only

text: the

text: Lord

text: High

text: Chancellor

text: and

text: the

text: Lord

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: England

text: who

text: headed

text: the

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Bench

text: King

text: 's

text: when

text: the

text: monarch

text: was

text: male

text: Sir Edward Coke SL PC ( / kk / ( `` cook '' ) , formerly / kuk / ; 1 February 1552 -- 3 September 1634 ) was an English barrister , judge and , later , opposition politician , who is considered to be the greatest jurist of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras . Born into a middle - class family , Coke was educated at Trinity College , Cambridge , before leaving to study at the Inner Temple , where he was called to the Bar on 20 April 1578 . As a barrister he took part in several notable cases , including Slade 's Case , before earning enough political favour to be elected to Parliament , where he served first as Solicitor General and then as Speaker of the House of Commons . Following a promotion to Attorney General he led the prosecution in several notable cases , including those against Robert Devereux , Sir Walter Raleigh , and the Gunpowder Plot conspirators . As a reward for his services he was first knighted and then made Chief Justice of the Common Pleas . As Chief Justice , Coke restricted the use of the ex officio ( Star Chamber ) oath and , in the Case of Proclamations and Dr. Bonham 's Case , declared the King to be subject to the law , and the laws of Parliament to be void if in violation of `` common right and reason '' . These actions eventually led to his transfer to the Chief Justiceship of the King 's Bench , where it was felt he could do less damage . Coke then successively restricted the definition of treason and declared a royal letter illegal , leading to his dismissal from the bench on 14 November 1616 . With no chance of regaining his judicial posts , he instead returned to Parliament , where he swiftly became a leading member of the opposition . During his time as a Member of Parliament he wrote and campaigned for the Statute of Monopolies , which substantially restricted the ability of the monarch to grant patents , and authored and was instrumental in the passage of the Petition of Right , a document considered one of the three crucial constitutional documents of England , along with the Magna Carta and the Bill of Rights 1689 . With the passage of the Petition of Right in 1628 , Coke retired to his estates , where he revised and finished his Reports and the Institutes of the Lawes of England before dying on 3 September 1634 . Coke is best known in modern times for his Institutes , described by John Rutledge as `` almost the foundations of our law '' , and his Reports , which have been called `` perhaps the single most influential series of named reports '' . Historically , he was a highly influential judge ; within England and Wales , his statements and works were used to justify the right to silence , while the Statute of Monopolies is considered to be one of the first actions in the conflict between Parliament and monarch that led to the English Civil War . In America , Coke 's decision in Dr. Bonham 's Case was used to justify the voiding of both the Stamp Act 1765 and writs of assistance , which led to the American War of Independence ; after the establishment of the United States his decisions and writings profoundly influenced the Third and Fourth amendments to the United States Constitution while necessitating the Sixteenth .

text: Sir

text: Edward

text: Coke

text: SL

text: PC

text: kk

text: cook

text: formerly

text: kuk

text: February

text: September

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: barrister

text: judge

text: and

text: later

text: opposition

text: politician

text: who

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: greatest

text: jurist

text: of

text: the

text: Elizabethan

text: and

text: Jacobean

text: eras

text: Born

text: into

text: middle

text: class

text: family

text: Coke

text: was

text: educated

text: at

text: Trinity

text: College

text: Cambridge

text: before

text: leaving

text: to

text: study

text: at

text: the

text: Inner

text: Temple

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: called

text: to

text: the

text: Bar

text: on

text: April

text: As

text: barrister

text: he

text: took

text: part

text: in

text: several

text: notable

text: cases

text: including

text: Slade

text: 's

text: Case

text: before

text: earning

text: enough

text: political

text: favour

text: to

text: be

text: elected

text: to

text: Parliament

text: where

text: he

text: served

text: first

text: as

text: Solicitor

text: General

text: and

text: then

text: as

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: Following

text: promotion

text: to

text: Attorney

text: General

text: he

text: led

text: the

text: prosecution

text: in

text: several

text: notable

text: cases

text: including

text: those

text: against

text: Robert

text: Devereux

text: Sir

text: Walter

text: Raleigh

text: and

text: the

text: Gunpowder

text: Plot

text: conspirators

text: As

text: reward

text: for

text: his

text: services

text: he

text: was

text: first

text: knighted

text: and

text: then

text: made

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: Common

text: Pleas

text: As

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: Coke

text: restricted

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: ex

text: officio

text: Star

text: Chamber

text: oath

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Case

text: of

text: Proclamations

text: and

text: Dr.

text: Bonham

text: 's

text: Case

text: declared

text: the

text: King

text: to

text: be

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: law

text: and

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: Parliament

text: to

text: be

text: void

text: if

text: in

text: violation

text: of

text: common

text: right

text: and

text: reason

text: These

text: actions

text: eventually

text: led

text: to

text: his

text: transfer

text: to

text: the

text: Chief

text: Justiceship

text: of

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: Bench

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: felt

text: he

text: could

text: do

text: less

text: damage

text: Coke

text: then

text: successively

text: restricted

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: treason

text: and

text: declared

text: royal

text: letter

text: illegal

text: leading

text: to

text: his

text: dismissal

text: from

text: the

text: bench

text: on

text: November

text: With

text: no

text: chance

text: of

text: regaining

text: his

text: judicial

text: posts

text: he

text: instead

text: returned

text: to

text: Parliament

text: where

text: he

text: swiftly

text: became

text: leading

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: opposition

text: During

text: his

text: time

text: as

text: Member

text: of

text: Parliament

text: he

text: wrote

text: and

text: campaigned

text: for

text: the

text: Statute

text: of

text: Monopolies

text: which

text: substantially

text: restricted

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: to

text: grant

text: patents

text: and

text: authored

text: and

text: was

text: instrumental

text: in

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: Petition

text: of

text: Right

text: document

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: crucial

text: constitutional

text: documents

text: of

text: England

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: and

text: the

text: Bill

text: of

text: Rights

text: With

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: Petition

text: of

text: Right

text: in

text: Coke

text: retired

text: to

text: his

text: estates

text: where

text: he

text: revised

text: and

text: finished

text: his

text: Reports

text: and

text: the

text: Institutes

text: of

text: the

text: Lawes

text: of

text: England

text: before

text: dying

text: on

text: September

text: Coke

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: in

text: modern

text: times

text: for

text: his

text: Institutes

text: described

text: by

text: John

text: Rutledge

text: as

text: almost

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: our

text: law

text: and

text: his

text: Reports

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: called

text: perhaps

text: the

text: single

text: most

text: influential

text: series

text: of

text: named

text: reports

text: Historically

text: he

text: was

text: highly

text: influential

text: judge

text: within

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: his

text: statements

text: and

text: works

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: justify

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: silence

text: while

text: the

text: Statute

text: of

text: Monopolies

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: actions

text: in

text: the

text: conflict

text: between

text: Parliament

text: and

text: monarch

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: In

text: America

text: Coke

text: 's

text: decision

text: in

text: Dr.

text: Bonham

text: 's

text: Case

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: justify

text: the

text: voiding

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Stamp

text: Act

text: and

text: writs

text: of

text: assistance

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: after

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: his

text: decisions

text: and

text: writings

text: profoundly

text: influenced

text: the

text: Third

text: and

text: Fourth

text: amendments

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: while

text: necessitating

text: the

text: Sixteenth

text: England and Wales is a legal jurisdiction covering England and Wales, two of the four countries of the United Kingdom, which form the constitutional successor to the former Kingdom of England and follow a single legal system, known as English law.

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: is

text: legal

text: jurisdiction

text: covering

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: which

text: form

text: the

text: constitutional

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: former

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: follow

text: single

text: legal

text: system

text: known

text: as

text: English

text: law

text:
A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputeswhether or not it is called a tribunal in its title.
For example, an advocate who appears before a court with a single judge could describe that judge as 'their tribunal'. Many governmental bodies that are titled 'tribunals' are so described to emphasize that they are not courts of normal jurisdiction. For example, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda is a body specially constituted under international law; in Great Britain, employment tribunals are bodies set up to hear specific employment disputes. Private judicial bodies are also often styled 'tribunals'. The word "tribunal" is not conclusive of a body's function. For example, in Great Britain, the Employment Appeal Tribunal is a superior court of record.

text: tribunal

text: generally

text: is

text: any

text: person

text: or

text: institution

text: with

text: authority

text: to

text: judge

text: adjudicate

text: on

text: or

text: determine

text: claims

text: or

text: disputeswhether

text: or

text: not

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: tribunal

text: in

text: its

text: title

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: advocate

text: who

text: appears

text: before

text: court

text: with

text: single

text: judge

text: could

text: describe

text: that

text: judge

text: as

text: their

text: tribunal

text: Many

text: governmental

text: bodies

text: that

text: are

text: titled

text: tribunals

text: are

text: so

text: described

text: to

text: emphasize

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: courts

text: of

text: normal

text: jurisdiction

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: International

text: Criminal

text: Tribunal

text: for

text: Rwanda

text: is

text: body

text: specially

text: constituted

text: under

text: international

text: law

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: employment

text: tribunals

text: are

text: bodies

text: set

text: up

text: to

text: hear

text: specific

text: employment

text: disputes

text: Private

text: judicial

text: bodies

text: are

text: also

text: often

text: styled

text: tribunals

text: The

text: word

text: tribunal

text: is

text: not

text: conclusive

text: of

text: body

text: 's

text: function

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: Employment

text: Appeal

text: Tribunal

text: is

text: superior

text: court

text: of

text: record

text: The Inns of Court in London are the professional associations for barristers in England and Wales. All barristers must belong to one such association. They have supervisory and disciplinary functions over their members. The Inns also provide libraries, dining facilities and professional accommodation. Each also has a church or chapel attached to it and is a self-contained precinct where barristers traditionally train and practise, although growth in the legal profession, together with a desire to practise from more modern accommodations, caused many barristers' chambers to move outside the precincts of the Inns of Court in the late 20th century.

text: The

text: Inns

text: of

text: Court

text: in

text: London

text: are

text: the

text: professional

text: associations

text: for

text: barristers

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: All

text: barristers

text: must

text: belong

text: to

text: one

text: such

text: association

text: They

text: have

text: supervisory

text: and

text: disciplinary

text: functions

text: over

text: their

text: members

text: The

text: Inns

text: also

text: provide

text: libraries

text: dining

text: facilities

text: and

text: professional

text: accommodation

text: Each

text: also

text: has

text: church

text: or

text: chapel

text: attached

text: to

text: it

text: and

text: is

text: self

text: contained

text: precinct

text: where

text: barristers

text: traditionally

text: train

text: and

text: practise

text: although

text: growth

text: in

text: the

text: legal

text: profession

text: together

text: with

text: desire

text: to

text: practise

text: from

text: more

text: modern

text: accommodations

text: caused

text: many

text: barristers

text: chambers

text: to

text: move

text: outside

text: the

text: precincts

text: of

text: the

text: Inns

text: of

text: Court

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: A lawyer is a person who practices law, as an advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor or solicitor or chartered legal executive. Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.

text: lawyer

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: practices

text: law

text: as

text: an

text: advocate

text: barrister

text: attorney

text: counselor

text: or

text: solicitor

text: or

text: chartered

text: legal

text: executive

text: Working

text: as

text: lawyer

text: involves

text: the

text: practical

text: application

text: of

text: abstract

text: legal

text: theories

text: and

text: knowledge

text: to

text: solve

text: specific

text: individualized

text: problems

text: or

text: to

text: advance

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: hire

text: lawyers

text: to

text: perform

text: legal

text: services

text: A barrister (also known as barrister-at-law or bar-at-law) is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions who works at higher levels of court. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the philosophy, hypothesis and history of law, and giving expert legal opinions. Often, barristers are also recognised as "legal scholars".

text: barrister

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: barrister

text: at

text: law

text: or

text: bar

text: at

text: law

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: lawyer

text: in

text: common

text: law

text: jurisdictions

text: who

text: works

text: at

text: higher

text: levels

text: of

text: court

text: Barristers

text: mostly

text: specialise

text: in

text: courtroom

text: advocacy

text: and

text: litigation

text: Their

text: tasks

text: include

text: taking

text: cases

text: in

text: superior

text: courts

text: and

text: tribunals

text: drafting

text: legal

text: pleadings

text: researching

text: the

text: philosophy

text: hypothesis

text: and

text: history

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: giving

text: expert

text: legal

text: opinions

text: Often

text: barristers

text: are

text: also

text: recognised

text: as

text: legal

text: scholars

text: Oxbridge is a portmanteau (blend word) of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom. The term is used to refer to them collectively in contrast to other British universities and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of them, often with implications of superior social or intellectual status.

text: Oxbridge

text: is

text: portmanteau

text: blend

text: word

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Oxford

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: them

text: collectively

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: other

text: British

text: universities

text: and

text: more

text: broadly

text: to

text: describe

text: characteristics

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: them

text: often

text: with

text: implications

text: of

text: superior

text: social

text: or

text: intellectual

text: status

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Homerton College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. Its first premises were acquired in London in 1768, by an informal gathering of Protestant dissenters with origins in the seventeenth century. In 1894 the College moved from Homerton High Street, Hackney, London, to Cambridge, and received its Royal Charter in 2010, affirming its status as a full college of the university. The College will be celebrating its 250th anniversary in 2018.

text: Homerton

text: College

text: is

text: constituent

text: college

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: in

text: England

text: Its

text: first

text: premises

text: were

text: acquired

text: in

text: London

text: in

text: by

text: an

text: informal

text: gathering

text: of

text: Protestant

text: dissenters

text: with

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: seventeenth

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: College

text: moved

text: from

text: Homerton

text: High

text: Street

text: Hackney

text: London

text: to

text: Cambridge

text: and

text: received

text: its

text: Royal

text: Charter

text: in

text: affirming

text: its

text: status

text: as

text: full

text: college

text: of

text: the

text: university

text: The

text: College

text: will

text: be

text: celebrating

text: its

text: anniversary

text: in

text: The Royal Courts of Justice, commonly called the Law Courts, is a court building in London which houses both the High Court and Court of Appeal of England and Wales. Designed by George Edmund Street, who died before it was completed, it is a large grey stone edifice in the Victorian Gothic style built in the 1870s and opened by Queen Victoria in 1882. It is one of the largest courts in Europe. It is located on the Strand within the City of Westminster, near the border with the City of London (Temple Bar). It is surrounded by the four Inns of Court, King's College London and the London School of Economics. The nearest London Underground stations are Chancery Lane and Temple.

text: The

text: Royal

text: Courts

text: of

text: Justice

text: commonly

text: called

text: the

text: Law

text: Courts

text: is

text: court

text: building

text: in

text: London

text: which

text: houses

text: both

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: and

text: Court

text: of

text: Appeal

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: Designed

text: by

text: George

text: Edmund

text: Street

text: who

text: died

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: completed

text: it

text: is

text: large

text: grey

text: stone

text: edifice

text: in

text: the

text: Victorian

text: Gothic

text: style

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: opened

text: by

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: courts

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Strand

text: within

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: near

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: Temple

text: Bar

text: It

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: four

text: Inns

text: of

text: Court

text: King

text: 's

text: College

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: School

text: of

text: Economics

text: The

text: nearest

text: London

text: Underground

text: stations

text: are

text: Chancery

text: Lane

text: and

text: Temple

text: The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court (professional associations for barristers and judges) in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns. It is located in the wider Temple area of the capital, near the Royal Courts of Justice, and within the City of London.

text: The

text: Honourable

text: Society

text: of

text: the

text: Inner

text: Temple

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Inner

text: Temple

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: Inns

text: of

text: Court

text: professional

text: associations

text: for

text: barristers

text: and

text: judges

text: in

text: London

text: To

text: be

text: called

text: to

text: the

text: Bar

text: and

text: practise

text: as

text: barrister

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: an

text: individual

text: must

text: belong

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: Inns

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: wider

text: Temple

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: near

text: the

text: Royal

text: Courts

text: of

text: Justice

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: The Queen's Bench (or, during the reign of a male monarch, the King's Bench, "") is the superior court in a number of jurisdictions within some of the Commonwealth realms. The original King's Bench, founded in 1215 in England, was one of the ancient courts of the land and is now a division of the High Court of Justice of England and Wales.

text: The

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Bench

text: or

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: male

text: monarch

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: Bench

text: is

text: the

text: superior

text: court

text: in

text: number

text: of

text: jurisdictions

text: within

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: realms

text: The

text: original

text: King

text: 's

text: Bench

text: founded

text: in

text: in

text: England

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: courts

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

question: country_of_citizenship edward coke

answer: kingdom of england

text: kingdom of england