text: A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes, in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French "conté" or "cunté" denoting a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a count (earl) or a viscount. The modern French is "comté", and its equivalents in other languages are "contea", "contado", "comtat", "condado", "Grafschaft", "graafschap", "Gau", etc. (cf. "conte", "comte", "conde", "Graf").

text: county

text: is

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: country

text: used

text: for

text: administrative

text: or

text: other

text: purposes

text: in

text: certain

text: modern

text: nations

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: French

text: conté

text: or

text: cunté

text: denoting

text: jurisdiction

text: under

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: count

text: earl

text: or

text: viscount

text: The

text: modern

text: French

text: is

text: comté

text: and

text: its

text: equivalents

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: are

text: contea

text: contado

text: comtat

text: condado

text: Grafschaft

text: graafschap

text: Gau

text: etc

text: cf

text: conte

text: comte

text: conde

text: Graf

text: The province of Ciudad Real is a province in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Cuenca, Albacete, Jaén, Córdoba, Badajoz, and Toledo. It is partly located in the old natural region of La Mancha. Its capital is Ciudad Real. It is the third biggest province of Spain, after Cáceres and Badajoz. The historical comarca Campo de Calatrava is located in the centre of the province.

text: The

text: province

text: of

text: Ciudad

text: Real

text: is

text: province

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: autonomous

text: community

text: of

text: Castile

text: La

text: Mancha

text: Spain

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Cuenca

text: Albacete

text: Jaén

text: Córdoba

text: Badajoz

text: and

text: Toledo

text: It

text: is

text: partly

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: old

text: natural

text: region

text: of

text: La

text: Mancha

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ciudad

text: Real

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: biggest

text: province

text: of

text: Spain

text: after

text: Cáceres

text: and

text: Badajoz

text: The

text: historical

text: comarca

text: Campo

text: de

text: Calatrava

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: A natural region is a basic geographic unit. Usually it is a region which is distinguished by its common natural features of geography, geology, and climate.

text: natural

text: region

text: is

text: basic

text: geographic

text: unit

text: Usually

text: it

text: is

text: region

text: which

text: is

text: distinguished

text: by

text: its

text: common

text: natural

text: features

text: of

text: geography

text: geology

text: and

text: climate

text:
La Mancha is a natural and historical region located on an arid but fertile, elevated plateau (610 m or 2000 ft.) of central Spain, south of Madrid, from the mountains of Toledo to the western spurs of the hills of Cuenca, and bordered to the South by the Sierra Morena and to the North by the Alcarria region.
La Mancha includes portions of the modern provinces of Cuenca, Toledo, and Albacete, and most of the Ciudad Real province. La Mancha historical comarca constitutes the southern portion of CastillaLa Mancha autonomous community and makes up most of the present-day administrative region.

text: La

text: Mancha

text: is

text: natural

text: and

text: historical

text: region

text: located

text: on

text: an

text: arid

text: but

text: fertile

text: elevated

text: plateau

text: or

text: ft

text: of

text: central

text: Spain

text: south

text: of

text: Madrid

text: from

text: the

text: mountains

text: of

text: Toledo

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: spurs

text: of

text: the

text: hills

text: of

text: Cuenca

text: and

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: South

text: by

text: the

text: Sierra

text: Morena

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: by

text: the

text: Alcarria

text: region

text: La

text: Mancha

text: includes

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: provinces

text: of

text: Cuenca

text: Toledo

text: and

text: Albacete

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Ciudad

text: Real

text: province

text: La

text: Mancha

text: historical

text: comarca

text: constitutes

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: CastillaLa

text: Mancha

text: autonomous

text: community

text: and

text: makes

text: up

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: administrative

text: region

text: A comarca (, pl. "comarcas" pl. "comarques") is a traditional region or local administrative division found in parts of Spain, Portugal, Panama, Nicaragua, and Brazil. The term is derived from the term marca, meaning a "march, mark", plus the prefix "co"- meaning "together, jointly".

text: comarca

text: pl

text: comarcas

text: pl

text: comarques

text: is

text: traditional

text: region

text: or

text: local

text: administrative

text: division

text: found

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Spain

text: Portugal

text: Panama

text: Nicaragua

text: and

text: Brazil

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: term

text: marca

text: meaning

text: march

text: mark

text: plus

text: the

text: prefix

text: co"-

text: meaning

text: together

text: jointly

text: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.

text: Spain

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: largely

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Europe

text: with

text: two

text: large

text: archipelagos

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: two

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: mainland

text: and

text: several

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Alboran

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: Moroccan

text: coast

text: Its

text: mainland

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Gibraltar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: France

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: border

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: country

text: Morocco

text: and

text: its

text: African

text: territory

text: accounts

text: for

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: A municipality is usually a single urban administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and state laws, to which it is subordinate. It is to be distinguished from the county, which may encompass rural territory and/or numerous small communities such as towns, villages and hamlets. The term "municipality" may also mean the governing or ruling body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The term is derived from French "municipalité" and Latin "municipalis".

text: municipality

text: is

text: usually

text: single

text: urban

text: administrative

text: division

text: having

text: corporate

text: status

text: and

text: powers

text: of

text: self

text: government

text: or

text: jurisdiction

text: as

text: granted

text: by

text: national

text: and

text: state

text: laws

text: to

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: subordinate

text: It

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: the

text: county

text: which

text: may

text: encompass

text: rural

text: territory

text: and/or

text: numerous

text: small

text: communities

text: such

text: as

text: towns

text: villages

text: and

text: hamlets

text: The

text: term

text: municipality

text: may

text: also

text: mean

text: the

text: governing

text: or

text: ruling

text: body

text: of

text: given

text: municipality

text: municipality

text: is

text: general

text: purpose

text: administrative

text: subdivision

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: special

text: purpose

text: district

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: French

text: municipalité

text: and

text: Latin

text: municipalis

text: An administrative division, unit, entity, area or region, also referred to as a subnational entity, constituent unit, or country subdivision, is a portion of a country or other region delineated for the purpose of administration. Administrative divisions are granted a certain degree of autonomy and are usually required to manage themselves through their own local governments. Countries are divided up into these smaller units to make managing their land and the affairs of their people easier. For example, a country may be divided into provinces, which, in turn, are divided into counties, which, in turn, may be divided in whole or in part into municipalities; and so on.

text: An

text: administrative

text: division

text: unit

text: entity

text: area

text: or

text: region

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: subnational

text: entity

text: constituent

text: unit

text: or

text: country

text: subdivision

text: is

text: portion

text: of

text: country

text: or

text: other

text: region

text: delineated

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: administration

text: Administrative

text: divisions

text: are

text: granted

text: certain

text: degree

text: of

text: autonomy

text: and

text: are

text: usually

text: required

text: to

text: manage

text: themselves

text: through

text: their

text: own

text: local

text: governments

text: Countries

text: are

text: divided

text: up

text: into

text: these

text: smaller

text: units

text: to

text: make

text: managing

text: their

text: land

text: and

text: the

text: affairs

text: of

text: their

text: people

text: easier

text: For

text: example

text: country

text: may

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: provinces

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: counties

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: may

text: be

text: divided

text: in

text: whole

text: or

text: in

text: part

text: into

text: municipalities

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: Ciudad Real (English: "Royal City") is a city in CastileLa Mancha, Spain, with a population of c. 75,000. It is the capital of the province of Ciudad Real. It has a stop on the AVE high-speed rail line and has begun to grow as a long-distance commuter suburb of Madrid, which is located 115 miles (185 km) to the north of Ciudad Real.

text: Ciudad

text: Real

text: English

text: Royal

text: City

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: CastileLa

text: Mancha

text: Spain

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Ciudad

text: Real

text: It

text: has

text: stop

text: on

text: the

text: AVE

text: high

text: speed

text: rail

text: line

text: and

text: has

text: begun

text: to

text: grow

text: as

text: long

text: distance

text: commuter

text: suburb

text: of

text: Madrid

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: miles

text: km

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Ciudad

text: Real

text: A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement.

text: village

text: is

text: clustered

text: human

text: settlement

text: or

text: community

text: larger

text: than

text: hamlet

text: but

text: smaller

text: than

text: town

text: with

text: population

text: ranging

text: from

text: few

text: hundred

text: to

text: few

text: thousand

text: Though

text: often

text: located

text: in

text: rural

text: areas

text: the

text: term

text: urban

text: village

text: is

text: also

text: applied

text: to

text: certain

text: urban

text: neighbourhoods

text: Villages

text: are

text: normally

text: permanent

text: with

text: fixed

text: dwellings

text: however

text: transient

text: villages

text: can

text: occur

text: Further

text: the

text: dwellings

text: of

text: village

text: are

text: fairly

text: close

text: to

text: one

text: another

text: not

text: scattered

text: broadly

text: over

text: the

text: landscape

text: as

text: dispersed

text: settlement

text: A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size definition for what constitutes a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world.

text: town

text: is

text: human

text: settlement

text: larger

text: than

text: village

text: but

text: smaller

text: than

text: city

text: The

text: size

text: definition

text: for

text: what

text: constitutes

text: town

text: varies

text: considerably

text: in

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Valdemanco del Esteras is a municipality in the province of Ciudad Real , Castile - La Mancha , Spain . It has a population of 247 .

text: Valdemanco

text: del

text: Esteras

text: is

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Ciudad

text: Real

text: Castile

text: La

text: Mancha

text: Spain

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

annotations: likely multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity valdemanco del esteras

answer: ciudad real province

text: ciudad real province


text: Coloratura has several meanings: The word is originally from Italian, literally meaning "coloring", and derives from the Latin word "colorare" ("to color"). When used in English, the term specifically refers to elaborate melody, particularly in vocal music and especially in operatic singing of the 18th and 19th centuries, with runs, trills, wide leaps, or similar virtuoso-like material. Its instrumental equivalent is ornamentation. It is also now widely used to refer to passages of such music, operatic roles in which such music plays a prominent part, and singers of these roles. (See also bel canto.)

text: Coloratura

text: has

text: several

text: meanings

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: originally

text: from

text: Italian

text: literally

text: meaning

text: coloring

text: and

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: colorare

text: to

text: color

text: When

text: used

text: in

text: English

text: the

text: term

text: specifically

text: refers

text: to

text: elaborate

text: melody

text: particularly

text: in

text: vocal

text: music

text: and

text: especially

text: in

text: operatic

text: singing

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: with

text: runs

text: trills

text: wide

text: leaps

text: or

text: similar

text: virtuoso

text: like

text: material

text: Its

text: instrumental

text: equivalent

text: is

text: ornamentation

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: now

text: widely

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: passages

text: of

text: such

text: music

text: operatic

text: roles

text: in

text: which

text: such

text: music

text: plays

text: prominent

text: part

text: and

text: singers

text: of

text: these

text: roles

text: See

text: also

text: bel

text: canto

text: A chorale is a melody to which a hymn is sung by a congregation in a German Protestant Church service. The typical four-part setting of a chorale, in which the sopranos (and the congregation) sing the melody along with three lower voices, is known as a "chorale harmonization".

text: chorale

text: is

text: melody

text: to

text: which

text: hymn

text: is

text: sung

text: by

text: congregation

text: in

text: German

text: Protestant

text: Church

text: service

text: The

text: typical

text: four

text: part

text: setting

text: of

text: chorale

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: sopranos

text: and

text: the

text: congregation

text: sing

text: the

text: melody

text: along

text: with

text: three

text: lower

text: voices

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: chorale

text: harmonization

text: Recitative (also known by its Italian name "recitativo") is a style of delivery (much used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech. Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition.

text: Recitative

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Italian

text: name

text: recitativo

text: is

text: style

text: of

text: delivery

text: much

text: used

text: in

text: operas

text: oratorios

text: and

text: cantatas

text: in

text: which

text: singer

text: is

text: allowed

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: rhythms

text: of

text: ordinary

text: speech

text: Recitative

text: does

text: not

text: repeat

text: lines

text: as

text: formally

text: composed

text: songs

text: do

text: It

text: resembles

text: sung

text: ordinary

text: speech

text: more

text: than

text: formal

text: musical

text: composition

text:
A soprano is a type of classical female singing voice and has the highest vocal range of all voice types. The soprano's vocal range (using scientific pitch notation) is from approximately middle C (C) = 261 Hz to "high A" (A) =880 Hz in choral music, or to "soprano C" (C, two octaves above middle C) =1046 Hz or higher in operatic music. In four-part chorale style harmony, the soprano takes the highest part, which usually encompasses the melody.
The soprano voice type is generally divided into the coloratura, soubrette, lyric, spinto, and dramatic soprano. The lyric soprano is the most common female singing voice.

text: soprano

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: classical

text: female

text: singing

text: voice

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: vocal

text: range

text: of

text: all

text: voice

text: types

text: The

text: soprano

text: 's

text: vocal

text: range

text: using

text: scientific

text: pitch

text: notation

text: is

text: from

text: approximately

text: middle

text: Hz

text: to

text: high

text: Hz

text: in

text: choral

text: music

text: or

text: to

text: soprano

text: two

text: octaves

text: above

text: middle

text: Hz

text: or

text: higher

text: in

text: operatic

text: music

text: In

text: four

text: part

text: chorale

text: style

text: harmony

text: the

text: soprano

text: takes

text: the

text: highest

text: part

text: which

text: usually

text: encompasses

text: the

text: melody

text: The

text: soprano

text: voice

text: type

text: is

text: generally

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: coloratura

text: soubrette

text: lyric

text: spinto

text: and

text: dramatic

text: soprano

text: The

text: lyric

text: soprano

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: female

text: singing

text: voice

text: The Old Testament is the first section of the Christian Bible, based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh), a collection of religious writings by ancient Israelites believed by most Christians and religious Jews to be the sacred Word of God. It is the counterpart to the New Testament, the second portion of the Christian Bible. The Old Testament canon varies between Christian Churches. Protestants have a version with 39 books. Catholics have a version with 46 books, and Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox Churches choose the Old Testament version with 49 books.

text: The

text: Old

text: Testament

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: Bible

text: based

text: primarily

text: upon

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: or

text: Tanakh

text: collection

text: of

text: religious

text: writings

text: by

text: ancient

text: Israelites

text: believed

text: by

text: most

text: Christians

text: and

text: religious

text: Jews

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: sacred

text: Word

text: of

text: God

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: counterpart

text: to

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: the

text: second

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: Bible

text: The

text: Old

text: Testament

text: canon

text: varies

text: between

text: Christian

text: Churches

text: Protestants

text: have

text: version

text: with

text: books

text: Catholics

text: have

text: version

text: with

text: books

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: and

text: Oriental

text: Orthodox

text: Churches

text: choose

text: the

text: Old

text: Testament

text: version

text: with

text: books

text: Philipp Nicolai (10 August 1556  26 October 1608) was a German Lutheran pastor, poet, and composer. He is most widely recognized as a hymnodist.

text: Philipp

text: Nicolai

text: August

text: October

text: was

text: German

text: Lutheran

text: pastor

text: poet

text: and

text: composer

text: He

text: is

text: most

text: widely

text: recognized

text: as

text: hymnodist

text: Chorale fantasia is a type of large composition based on a chorale melody, both works for organ, and vocal settings, for example the opening movements of Bach's chorale cantatas, with the chorale melody as a cantus firmus.

text: Chorale

text: fantasia

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: large

text: composition

text: based

text: on

text: chorale

text: melody

text: both

text: works

text: for

text: organ

text: and

text: vocal

text: settings

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: opening

text: movements

text: of

text: Bach

text: 's

text: chorale

text: cantatas

text: with

text: the

text: chorale

text: melody

text: as

text: cantus

text: firmus

text: A voice type is a particular human singing voice identified as having certain qualities or characteristics of vocal range, vocal weight, tessitura, vocal timbre, and vocal transition points ("passaggio"), such as breaks and lifts within the voice. Other considerations are physical characteristics, speech level, scientific testing, and vocal register. A singer's voice type is identified by a process known as voice classification, by which the human voice is evaluated and thereby designated into a particular voice type. The discipline of voice classification developed within European classical music and is not generally applicable to other forms of singing. Voice classification is often used within opera to associate possible roles with potential voices. Several different voice classification systems are available to identify voice types, including the German "Fach" system and the choral music system among many others; no system is universally applied or accepted.

text: voice

text: type

text: is

text: particular

text: human

text: singing

text: voice

text: identified

text: as

text: having

text: certain

text: qualities

text: or

text: characteristics

text: of

text: vocal

text: range

text: vocal

text: weight

text: tessitura

text: vocal

text: timbre

text: and

text: vocal

text: transition

text: points

text: passaggio

text: such

text: as

text: breaks

text: and

text: lifts

text: within

text: the

text: voice

text: Other

text: considerations

text: are

text: physical

text: characteristics

text: speech

text: level

text: scientific

text: testing

text: and

text: vocal

text: register

text: singer

text: 's

text: voice

text: type

text: is

text: identified

text: by

text: process

text: known

text: as

text: voice

text: classification

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: human

text: voice

text: is

text: evaluated

text: and

text: thereby

text: designated

text: into

text: particular

text: voice

text: type

text: The

text: discipline

text: of

text: voice

text: classification

text: developed

text: within

text: European

text: classical

text: music

text: and

text: is

text: not

text: generally

text: applicable

text: to

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: singing

text: Voice

text: classification

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: within

text: opera

text: to

text: associate

text: possible

text: roles

text: with

text: potential

text: voices

text: Several

text: different

text: voice

text: classification

text: systems

text: are

text: available

text: to

text: identify

text: voice

text: types

text: including

text: the

text: German

text: Fach

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: choral

text: music

text: system

text: among

text: many

text: others

text: no

text: system

text: is

text: universally

text: applied

text: or

text: accepted

text: The Tanakh (or ; also "Tenakh", "Tenak", "Tanach") or Mikra or Hebrew Bible is the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is also a textual source for the Christian Old Testament. These texts are composed mainly in Biblical Hebrew, with some passages in Biblical Aramaic (in the books of Daniel, Ezra and a few others). The traditional Hebrew text is known as the Masoretic Text. The Tanakh consists of twenty-four books.

text: The

text: Tanakh

text: or

text: also

text: Tenakh

text: Tenak

text: Tanach

text: or

text: Mikra

text: or

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: is

text: the

text: canonical

text: collection

text: of

text: Jewish

text: texts

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: textual

text: source

text: for

text: the

text: Christian

text: Old

text: Testament

text: These

text: texts

text: are

text: composed

text: mainly

text: in

text: Biblical

text: Hebrew

text: with

text: some

text: passages

text: in

text: Biblical

text: Aramaic

text: in

text: the

text: books

text: of

text: Daniel

text: Ezra

text: and

text: few

text: others

text: The

text: traditional

text: Hebrew

text: text

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Masoretic

text: Text

text: The

text: Tanakh

text: consists

text: of

text: twenty

text: four

text: books

text:
Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period. The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows:
European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines, chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and "ad libitum" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can sustain larger forms and attain a high level of complexity.

text: Classical

text: music

text: is

text: art

text: music

text: produced

text: or

text: rooted

text: in

text: the

text: traditions

text: of

text: Western

text: music

text: including

text: both

text: liturgical

text: religious

text: and

text: secular

text: music

text: While

text: more

text: accurate

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: this

text: article

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: broad

text: span

text: of

text: time

text: from

text: roughly

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: periods

text: The

text: central

text: norms

text: of

text: this

text: tradition

text: became

text: codified

text: between

text: and

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: common

text: practice

text: period

text: The

text: major

text: time

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: art

text: music

text: are

text: as

text: follows

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: is

text: largely

text: distinguished

text: from

text: many

text: other

text: non

text: European

text: and

text: some

text: popular

text: musical

text: forms

text: by

text: its

text: system

text: of

text: staff

text: notation

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: about

text: the

text: century

text: Western

text: staff

text: notation

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: composers

text: to

text: indicate

text: to

text: the

text: performer

text: the

text: pitches

text: e.g.

text: melodies

text: basslines

text: chords

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: rhythms

text: for

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: This

text: can

text: leave

text: less

text: room

text: for

text: practices

text: such

text: as

text: improvisation

text: and

text: ad

text: libitum

text: ornamentation

text: which

text: are

text: frequently

text: heard

text: in

text: non

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: and

text: in

text: popular

text: music

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: jazz

text: and

text: blues

text: Another

text: difference

text: is

text: that

text: whereas

text: most

text: popular

text: styles

text: adopt

text: the

text: song

text: strophic

text: form

text: classical

text: music

text: has

text: been

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: development

text: of

text: highly

text: sophisticated

text: forms

text: of

text: instrumental

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: concerto

text: symphony

text: sonata

text: and

text: mixed

text: vocal

text: and

text: instrumental

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: opera

text: which

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: written

text: down

text: can

text: sustain

text: larger

text: forms

text: and

text: attain

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: complexity

text: Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist. Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists. Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Different singing styles include art music such as opera and Chinese opera, religious music styles such as gospel, traditional music styles, world music, jazz, blues and popular music styles such as pop and rock.

text: Singing

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: producing

text: musical

text: sounds

text: with

text: the

text: voice

text: and

text: augments

text: regular

text: speech

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: sustained

text: tonality

text: rhythm

text: and

text: variety

text: of

text: vocal

text: techniques

text: person

text: who

text: sings

text: is

text: called

text: singer

text: or

text: vocalist

text: Singers

text: perform

text: music

text: arias

text: recitatives

text: songs

text: etc

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: sung

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: accompaniment

text: by

text: musical

text: instruments

text: Singing

text: is

text: often

text: done

text: in

text: an

text: ensemble

text: of

text: musicians

text: such

text: as

text: choir

text: of

text: singers

text: or

text: band

text: of

text: instrumentalists

text: Singers

text: may

text: perform

text: as

text: soloists

text: or

text: accompanied

text: by

text: anything

text: from

text: single

text: instrument

text: as

text: in

text: art

text: song

text: or

text: some

text: jazz

text: styles

text: up

text: to

text: symphony

text: orchestra

text: or

text: big

text: band

text: Different

text: singing

text: styles

text: include

text: art

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: opera

text: and

text: Chinese

text: opera

text: religious

text: music

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: gospel

text: traditional

text: music

text: styles

text: world

text: music

text: jazz

text: blues

text: and

text: popular

text: music

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: pop

text: and

text: rock

text: Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the Baroque period. He enriched established German styles through his skill in counterpoint, harmonic and motivic organisation, and the adaptation of rhythms, forms, and textures from abroad, particularly from Italy and France. Bach's compositions include the "Brandenburg Concertos", the "Goldberg Variations", the Mass in B minor, two Passions, and over three hundred cantatas of which around two hundred survive. His music is revered for its technical command, artistic beauty, and intellectual depth.

text: Johann

text: Sebastian

text: Bach

text: July

text: was

text: German

text: composer

text: and

text: musician

text: of

text: the

text: Baroque

text: period

text: He

text: enriched

text: established

text: German

text: styles

text: through

text: his

text: skill

text: in

text: counterpoint

text: harmonic

text: and

text: motivic

text: organisation

text: and

text: the

text: adaptation

text: of

text: rhythms

text: forms

text: and

text: textures

text: from

text: abroad

text: particularly

text: from

text: Italy

text: and

text: France

text: Bach

text: 's

text: compositions

text: include

text: the

text: Brandenburg

text: Concertos

text: the

text: Goldberg

text: Variations

text: the

text: Mass

text: in

text: minor

text: two

text: Passions

text: and

text: over

text: three

text: hundred

text: cantatas

text: of

text: which

text: around

text: two

text: hundred

text: survive

text: His

text: music

text: is

text: revered

text: for

text: its

text: technical

text: command

text: artistic

text: beauty

text: and

text: intellectual

text: depth

text: A Christian (or ) is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word "Christós" (), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term "mashiach".

text: Christian

text: or

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: follows

text: or

text: adheres

text: to

text: Christianity

text: an

text: Abrahamic

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: life

text: and

text: teachings

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: Christian

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Koine

text: Greek

text: word

text: Christós

text: translation

text: of

text: the

text: Biblical

text: Hebrew

text: term

text: mashiach

text: The violin is a wooden string instrument in the violin family. It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use. Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused in the 2010s. The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato). Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres. They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition and in many varieties of folk music. They are also frequently used in genres of folk including country music and bluegrass music and in jazz. Electric violins are used in some forms of rock music; further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music. The violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle, particularly in Irish traditional music and bluegrass, but this nickname is also used regardless of the type of music played on it.

text: The

text: violin

text: is

text: wooden

text: string

text: instrument

text: in

text: the

text: violin

text: family

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: and

text: highest

text: pitched

text: instrument

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: in

text: regular

text: use

text: Smaller

text: violin

text: type

text: instruments

text: are

text: known

text: including

text: the

text: violino

text: piccolo

text: and

text: the

text: kit

text: violin

text: but

text: these

text: are

text: virtually

text: unused

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: violin

text: typically

text: has

text: four

text: strings

text: tuned

text: in

text: perfect

text: fifths

text: and

text: is

text: most

text: commonly

text: played

text: by

text: drawing

text: bow

text: across

text: its

text: strings

text: though

text: it

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: played

text: by

text: plucking

text: the

text: strings

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: pizzicato

text: Violins

text: are

text: important

text: instruments

text: in

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: musical

text: genres

text: They

text: are

text: most

text: prominent

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: classical

text: tradition

text: and

text: in

text: many

text: varieties

text: of

text: folk

text: music

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: frequently

text: used

text: in

text: genres

text: of

text: folk

text: including

text: country

text: music

text: and

text: bluegrass

text: music

text: and

text: in

text: jazz

text: Electric

text: violins

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: further

text: the

text: violin

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: in

text: many

text: non

text: Western

text: music

text: cultures

text: including

text: Indian

text: music

text: and

text: Iranian

text: music

text: The

text: violin

text: is

text: sometimes

text: informally

text: called

text: fiddle

text: particularly

text: in

text: Irish

text: traditional

text: music

text: and

text: bluegrass

text: but

text: this

text: nickname

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: music

text: played

text: on

text: it

text: The Song of Songs (Hebrew: , "Šr HašŠrm"; Greek: , "Âisma Aismátn"), also known as the Song of Solomon, Canticles, or the Canticle of Canticles, is one of the "scrolls" ("megillot") of the Writings ("Ketuvim"), the last section of the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible. It is also the fifth book of Wisdom in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The Song of Songs is read on the Sabbath during the Passover, marking the beginning of the grain harvest and commemorating the Exodus from Egypt.

text: The

text: Song

text: of

text: Songs

text: Hebrew

text: Šr

text: HašŠrm

text: Greek

text: Âisma

text: Aismátn

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Song

text: of

text: Solomon

text: Canticles

text: or

text: the

text: Canticle

text: of

text: Canticles

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: scrolls

text: megillot

text: of

text: the

text: Writings

text: Ketuvim

text: the

text: last

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Tanakh

text: or

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: fifth

text: book

text: of

text: Wisdom

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: Testament

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: Bible

text: The

text: Song

text: of

text: Songs

text: is

text: read

text: on

text: the

text: Sabbath

text: during

text: the

text: Passover

text: marking

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: grain

text: harvest

text: and

text: commemorating

text: the

text: Exodus

text: from

text: Egypt

text: Spinto (from Italian, "pushed") is a vocal term used to characterize a soprano or tenor voice of a weight between lyric and dramatic that is capable of handling large musical climaxes in opera at moderate intervals. (Sometimes the terms "lirico-spinto" or "jugendlich-dramatisch" are used to denote this category of voice.)

text: Spinto

text: from

text: Italian

text: pushed

text: is

text: vocal

text: term

text: used

text: to

text: characterize

text: soprano

text: or

text: tenor

text: voice

text: of

text: weight

text: between

text: lyric

text: and

text: dramatic

text: that

text: is

text: capable

text: of

text: handling

text: large

text: musical

text: climaxes

text: in

text: opera

text: at

text: moderate

text: intervals

text: Sometimes

text: the

text: terms

text: lirico

text: spinto

text: or

text: jugendlich

text: dramatisch

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: denote

text: this

text: category

text: of

text: voice

text: Passover or Pesach (from Hebrew "Pesah, Pesakh", Assyrian;  "piskha"), is an important, biblically derived Jewish holiday. The Jewish people celebrate Passover as a commemoration of their liberation by God from slavery in Egypt and their freedom as a nation under the leadership of Moses. It commemorates the story of the Exodus as described in the Hebrew Bible especially in the Book of Exodus, in which the Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt. According to standard biblical chronology, this event would have taken place at about 1300 BCE (AM 2450).

text: Passover

text: or

text: Pesach

text: from

text: Hebrew

text: Pesah

text: Pesakh

text: Assyrian

text: piskha

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: biblically

text: derived

text: Jewish

text: holiday

text: The

text: Jewish

text: people

text: celebrate

text: Passover

text: as

text: commemoration

text: of

text: their

text: liberation

text: by

text: God

text: from

text: slavery

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: their

text: freedom

text: as

text: nation

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Moses

text: It

text: commemorates

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: the

text: Exodus

text: as

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Exodus

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Israelites

text: were

text: freed

text: from

text: slavery

text: in

text: Egypt

text: According

text: to

text: standard

text: biblical

text: chronology

text: this

text: event

text: would

text: have

text: taken

text: place

text: at

text: about

text: BCE

text: AM

text: A cantata (literally "sung", past participle feminine singular of the Italian verb "cantare", "to sing") is a vocal composition with an instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir.

text: cantata

text: literally

text: sung

text: past

text: participle

text: feminine

text: singular

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: verb

text: cantare

text: to

text: sing

text: is

text: vocal

text: composition

text: with

text: an

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: typically

text: in

text: several

text: movements

text: often

text: involving

text: choir

text: In music, a chorale prelude is a short liturgical composition for organ using a chorale tune as its basis. It was a predominant style of the German Baroque era and reached its culmination in the works of J.S. Bach, who wrote 46 (with a 47th unfinished) examples of the form in his Orgelbüchlein.

text: In

text: music

text: chorale

text: prelude

text: is

text: short

text: liturgical

text: composition

text: for

text: organ

text: using

text: chorale

text: tune

text: as

text: its

text: basis

text: It

text: was

text: predominant

text: style

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Baroque

text: era

text: and

text: reached

text: its

text: culmination

text: in

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: J.S.

text: Bach

text: who

text: wrote

text: with

text: unfinished

text: examples

text: of

text: the

text: form

text: in

text: his

text: Orgelbüchlein

text: Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, either a song or an instrumental music piece, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating or writing a new song or piece of music. People who create new compositions are called composers in classical music. In popular music and traditional music, the creators of new songs are usually called songwriters; with songs, the person who writes new words for a song is the lyricist. "Composition" is the act or practice of creating a song or other piece of music. In many cultures, including Western classical music, the act of composing typically includes the creation of music notation, such as a sheet music "score", which is then performed by the composer or by other instrumental musicians or singers. In popular music and traditional music, songwriting may involve the creation of a basic outline of the song, called the lead sheet, which sets out the melody, lyrics and chord progression. In classical music, orchestration (choosing the instruments of a large music ensemble such as an orchestra which will play the different parts of music, such as the melody, accompaniment, countermelody, bassline and so on) is typically done by the composer, but in musical theatre and in pop music, songwriters may hire an arranger to do the orchestration. In some cases, a pop or traditional songwriter may not use written notation at all, and instead compose the song in her mind and then play, sing and/or record it from memory. In jazz and popular music, notable sound recordings by influential performers are given the weight that written or printed scores play in classical music.

text: Musical

text: composition

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: an

text: original

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: either

text: song

text: or

text: an

text: instrumental

text: music

text: piece

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: musical

text: piece

text: or

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: creating

text: or

text: writing

text: new

text: song

text: or

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: People

text: who

text: create

text: new

text: compositions

text: are

text: called

text: composers

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: In

text: popular

text: music

text: and

text: traditional

text: music

text: the

text: creators

text: of

text: new

text: songs

text: are

text: usually

text: called

text: songwriters

text: with

text: songs

text: the

text: person

text: who

text: writes

text: new

text: words

text: for

text: song

text: is

text: the

text: lyricist

text: Composition

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: or

text: practice

text: of

text: creating

text: song

text: or

text: other

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: In

text: many

text: cultures

text: including

text: Western

text: classical

text: music

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: composing

text: typically

text: includes

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: music

text: notation

text: such

text: as

text: sheet

text: music

text: score

text: which

text: is

text: then

text: performed

text: by

text: the

text: composer

text: or

text: by

text: other

text: instrumental

text: musicians

text: or

text: singers

text: In

text: popular

text: music

text: and

text: traditional

text: music

text: songwriting

text: may

text: involve

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: basic

text: outline

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: called

text: the

text: lead

text: sheet

text: which

text: sets

text: out

text: the

text: melody

text: lyrics

text: and

text: chord

text: progression

text: In

text: classical

text: music

text: orchestration

text: choosing

text: the

text: instruments

text: of

text: large

text: music

text: ensemble

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: orchestra

text: which

text: will

text: play

text: the

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: melody

text: accompaniment

text: countermelody

text: bassline

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: is

text: typically

text: done

text: by

text: the

text: composer

text: but

text: in

text: musical

text: theatre

text: and

text: in

text: pop

text: music

text: songwriters

text: may

text: hire

text: an

text: arranger

text: to

text: do

text: the

text: orchestration

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: pop

text: or

text: traditional

text: songwriter

text: may

text: not

text: use

text: written

text: notation

text: at

text: all

text: and

text: instead

text: compose

text: the

text: song

text: in

text: her

text: mind

text: and

text: then

text: play

text: sing

text: and/or

text: record

text: it

text: from

text: memory

text: In

text: jazz

text: and

text: popular

text: music

text: notable

text: sound

text: recordings

text: by

text: influential

text: performers

text: are

text: given

text: the

text: weight

text: that

text: written

text: or

text: printed

text: scores

text: play

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: Hebrew Bible or Hebrew Scriptures is the term used by biblical scholars to refer to the "Tanakh", the canonical collection of Jewish texts, which is the common textual source of several canonical editions of the Christian Old Testament. They are composed mainly in Biblical Hebrew, with some passages in Biblical Aramaic (in the books of Daniel, Ezra and a few others).

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: or

text: Hebrew

text: Scriptures

text: is

text: the

text: term

text: used

text: by

text: biblical

text: scholars

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Tanakh

text: the

text: canonical

text: collection

text: of

text: Jewish

text: texts

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: textual

text: source

text: of

text: several

text: canonical

text: editions

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: Old

text: Testament

text: They

text: are

text: composed

text: mainly

text: in

text: Biblical

text: Hebrew

text: with

text: some

text: passages

text: in

text: Biblical

text: Aramaic

text: in

text: the

text: books

text: of

text: Daniel

text: Ezra

text: and

text: few

text: others

text: Wachet auf , ruft uns die Stimme ( Awake , calls the voice to us ) , BWV 140 , also known as Sleepers Wake , is a church cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach , regarded as one of his most mature and popular sacred cantatas . He composed the chorale cantata in Leipzig for the 27th Sunday after Trinity and first performed it on 25 November 1731 . Bach composed this cantata to complete his second annual cycle of chorale cantatas , begun in 1724 . The cantata is based on the hymn in three stanzas `` Wachet auf , ruft uns die Stimme '' ( 1599 ) by Philipp Nicolai , which covers the prescribed reading for the Sunday , the parable of the Ten Virgins . The text and tune of the hymn appears unchanged in movements 1 , 4 and 7 . An unknown author supplied poetry for the inner movements as sequences of recitative and duet , based on the love poetry of the Song of Songs . Bach structured the cantata in seven movements , setting the first stanza as a chorale fantasia , the second ( movement 4 ) in the style of a chorale prelude , and the third as a four - part chorale . He set the new texts as dramatic recitatives and love - duets , similar to contemporary opera . Bach scored the work for three vocal soloists ( soprano , tenor , bass ) , a four - part choir and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of horn ( to enforce the soprano ) , two oboes , taille , violino piccolo , strings and basso continuo including bassoon . Bach used movement 4 of the cantata as the basis for the first of his Schübler Chorales , BWV 645 . Bach scholar Alfred Dürr notes that the cantata is an expression of Christian mysticism in art , while William G. Whittaker calls it `` a cantata without weakness , without a dull bar , technically , emotionally and spiritually of the highest order '' .

text: Wachet

text: auf

text: ruft

text: uns

text: die

text: Stimme

text: Awake

text: calls

text: the

text: voice

text: to

text: us

text: BWV

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Sleepers

text: Wake

text: is

text: church

text: cantata

text: by

text: Johann

text: Sebastian

text: Bach

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: most

text: mature

text: and

text: popular

text: sacred

text: cantatas

text: He

text: composed

text: the

text: chorale

text: cantata

text: in

text: Leipzig

text: for

text: the

text: Sunday

text: after

text: Trinity

text: and

text: first

text: performed

text: it

text: on

text: November

text: Bach

text: composed

text: this

text: cantata

text: to

text: complete

text: his

text: second

text: annual

text: cycle

text: of

text: chorale

text: cantatas

text: begun

text: in

text: The

text: cantata

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: hymn

text: in

text: three

text: stanzas

text: Wachet

text: auf

text: ruft

text: uns

text: die

text: Stimme

text: by

text: Philipp

text: Nicolai

text: which

text: covers

text: the

text: prescribed

text: reading

text: for

text: the

text: Sunday

text: the

text: parable

text: of

text: the

text: Ten

text: Virgins

text: The

text: text

text: and

text: tune

text: of

text: the

text: hymn

text: appears

text: unchanged

text: in

text: movements

text: and

text: An

text: unknown

text: author

text: supplied

text: poetry

text: for

text: the

text: inner

text: movements

text: as

text: sequences

text: of

text: recitative

text: and

text: duet

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: love

text: poetry

text: of

text: the

text: Song

text: of

text: Songs

text: Bach

text: structured

text: the

text: cantata

text: in

text: seven

text: movements

text: setting

text: the

text: first

text: stanza

text: as

text: chorale

text: fantasia

text: the

text: second

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: chorale

text: prelude

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: as

text: four

text: part

text: chorale

text: He

text: set

text: the

text: new

text: texts

text: as

text: dramatic

text: recitatives

text: and

text: love

text: duets

text: similar

text: to

text: contemporary

text: opera

text: Bach

text: scored

text: the

text: work

text: for

text: three

text: vocal

text: soloists

text: soprano

text: tenor

text: bass

text: four

text: part

text: choir

text: and

text: Baroque

text: instrumental

text: ensemble

text: of

text: horn

text: to

text: enforce

text: the

text: soprano

text: two

text: oboes

text: taille

text: violino

text: piccolo

text: strings

text: and

text: basso

text: continuo

text: including

text: bassoon

text: Bach

text: used

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: cantata

text: as

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: his

text: Schübler

text: Chorales

text: BWV

text: Bach

text: scholar

text: Alfred

text: Dürr

text: notes

text: that

text: the

text: cantata

text: is

text: an

text: expression

text: of

text: Christian

text: mysticism

text: in

text: art

text: while

text: William

text: Whittaker

text: calls

text: it

text: cantata

text: without

text: weakness

text: without

text: dull

text: bar

text: technically

text: emotionally

text: and

text: spiritually

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: order

text: Prayer (from the Latin "precari" "to ask earnestly, beg, entreat") is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship through deliberate communication.

text: Prayer

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: precari

text: to

text: ask

text: earnestly

text: beg

text: entreat

text: is

text: an

text: invocation

text: or

text: act

text: that

text: seeks

text: to

text: activate

text: rapport

text: with

text: an

text: object

text: of

text: worship

text: through

text: deliberate

text: communication

text: The Bible (from Koine Greek  , "tà biblía", "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

text: The

text: Bible

text: from

text: Koine

text: Greek

text: tà

text: biblía

text: the

text: books

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: sacred

text: texts

text: or

text: scriptures

text: that

text: Jews

text: and

text: Christians

text: consider

text: to

text: be

text: product

text: of

text: divine

text: inspiration

text: and

text: record

text: of

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: God

text: and

text: humans

text: A soubrette is a type of operatic soprano voice often cast as a female stock character in opera and theatre. The term arrived in English from Provençal via French, and means "conceited" or "coy".

text: soubrette

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: operatic

text: soprano

text: voice

text: often

text: cast

text: as

text: female

text: stock

text: character

text: in

text: opera

text: and

text: theatre

text: The

text: term

text: arrived

text: in

text: English

text: from

text: Provençal

text: via

text: French

text: and

text: means

text: conceited

text: or

text: coy

text: Opera (English plural: "operas"; Italian plural: "opere" ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. In traditional opera, singers do two types of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style and arias, a more melodic style. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor.

text: Opera

text: English

text: plural

text: operas

text: Italian

text: plural

text: opere

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: in

text: which

text: singers

text: and

text: musicians

text: perform

text: dramatic

text: work

text: combining

text: text

text: libretto

text: and

text: musical

text: score

text: usually

text: in

text: theatrical

text: setting

text: In

text: traditional

text: opera

text: singers

text: do

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: singing

text: recitative

text: speech

text: inflected

text: style

text: and

text: arias

text: more

text: melodic

text: style

text: Opera

text: incorporates

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: of

text: spoken

text: theatre

text: such

text: as

text: acting

text: scenery

text: and

text: costumes

text: and

text: sometimes

text: includes

text: dance

text: The

text: performance

text: is

text: typically

text: given

text: in

text: an

text: opera

text: house

text: accompanied

text: by

text: an

text: orchestra

text: or

text: smaller

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: which

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: has

text: been

text: led

text: by

text: conductor

text: A duet is a musical composition for two performers in which the performers have equal importance to the piece. It is often used to describe a composition involving two singers. It differs from a harmony, as the performers take turns performing a solo section rather than performing simultaneously. In classical music, the term is most often used for a composition for two singers or pianists. A piece performed by two pianists performing together on the same piano is referred to as "piano duet" or "piano four hands". A piece for two pianists performing together on separate pianos is referred to as a "piano duo".

text: duet

text: is

text: musical

text: composition

text: for

text: two

text: performers

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: performers

text: have

text: equal

text: importance

text: to

text: the

text: piece

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: composition

text: involving

text: two

text: singers

text: It

text: differs

text: from

text: harmony

text: as

text: the

text: performers

text: take

text: turns

text: performing

text: solo

text: section

text: rather

text: than

text: performing

text: simultaneously

text: In

text: classical

text: music

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: most

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: composition

text: for

text: two

text: singers

text: or

text: pianists

text: piece

text: performed

text: by

text: two

text: pianists

text: performing

text: together

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: piano

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: piano

text: duet

text: or

text: piano

text: four

text: hands

text: piece

text: for

text: two

text: pianists

text: performing

text: together

text: on

text: separate

text: pianos

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: piano

text: duo

text: The violino piccolo (also called the "Diskantgeige", "Terzgeige", "Quartgeige" or "Violino alla francese") is a stringed instrument of the baroque period. Most examples are similar to a child's size violin in size, and are tuned a third or a fourth higher. Probably the most famous work featuring violino piccolo is the first Brandenburg Concerto of Johann Sebastian Bach.

text: The

text: violino

text: piccolo

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Diskantgeige

text: Terzgeige

text: Quartgeige

text: or

text: Violino

text: alla

text: francese

text: is

text: stringed

text: instrument

text: of

text: the

text: baroque

text: period

text: Most

text: examples

text: are

text: similar

text: to

text: child

text: 's

text: size

text: violin

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: are

text: tuned

text: third

text: or

text: fourth

text: higher

text: Probably

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: work

text: featuring

text: violino

text: piccolo

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: Brandenburg

text: Concerto

text: of

text: Johann

text: Sebastian

text: Bach

text: A hymn is a type of song, usually religious, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification. The word "hymn" derives from Greek ("hymnos"), which means "a song of praise". A writer of hymns is known as a hymnodist. The singing of hymns is called hymnody. Collections of hymns are known as hymnals or hymn books. Hymns may or may not include instrumental accompaniment.

text: hymn

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: song

text: usually

text: religious

text: specifically

text: written

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: adoration

text: or

text: prayer

text: and

text: typically

text: addressed

text: to

text: deity

text: or

text: deities

text: or

text: to

text: prominent

text: figure

text: or

text: personification

text: The

text: word

text: hymn

text: derives

text: from

text: Greek

text: hymnos

text: which

text: means

text: song

text: of

text: praise

text: writer

text: of

text: hymns

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: hymnodist

text: The

text: singing

text: of

text: hymns

text: is

text: called

text: hymnody

text: Collections

text: of

text: hymns

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: hymnals

text: or

text: hymn

text: books

text: Hymns

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: include

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: The Exodus (from Greek  "exodos", "going out") is the founding, or etiological, myth of Israel; its message is that the Israelites were delivered from slavery by Yahweh and therefore belong to him through the Mosaic covenant. It tells of the enslavement of the Israelites in Egypt following the death of Joseph, their departure under the leadership of Moses, the revelations at Sinai (including the Ten Commandments), and their wanderings in the wilderness up to the borders of Canaan. The exodus story is told in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, and their overall intent was to demonstrate God's actions in history, to recall Israel's bondage and salvation, and to demonstrate the fulfillment of Israel's covenant.

text: The

text: Exodus

text: from

text: Greek

text: exodos

text: going

text: out

text: is

text: the

text: founding

text: or

text: etiological

text: myth

text: of

text: Israel

text: its

text: message

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: Israelites

text: were

text: delivered

text: from

text: slavery

text: by

text: Yahweh

text: and

text: therefore

text: belong

text: to

text: him

text: through

text: the

text: Mosaic

text: covenant

text: It

text: tells

text: of

text: the

text: enslavement

text: of

text: the

text: Israelites

text: in

text: Egypt

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Joseph

text: their

text: departure

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Moses

text: the

text: revelations

text: at

text: Sinai

text: including

text: the

text: Ten

text: Commandments

text: and

text: their

text: wanderings

text: in

text: the

text: wilderness

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: Canaan

text: The

text: exodus

text: story

text: is

text: told

text: in

text: the

text: books

text: of

text: Exodus

text: Leviticus

text: Numbers

text: and

text: Deuteronomy

text: and

text: their

text: overall

text: intent

text: was

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: God

text: 's

text: actions

text: in

text: history

text: to

text: recall

text: Israel

text: 's

text: bondage

text: and

text: salvation

text: and

text: to

text: demonstrate

text: the

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: Israel

text: 's

text: covenant

text: The Parable of the Ten Virgins, also known as the Parable of the Wise and Foolish Virgins, is one of the well known parables of Jesus. According to the Gospel of Matthew , the five virgins who are prepared for the bridegroom's arrival are rewarded, while the five who are not prepared are disowned. The parable has a clear eschatological theme: be prepared for the Day of Judgment. It was one of the most popular parables in the Middle Ages, with enormous influence on Gothic art, sculpture and the architecture of German and French cathedrals.

text: The

text: Parable

text: of

text: the

text: Ten

text: Virgins

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Parable

text: of

text: the

text: Wise

text: and

text: Foolish

text: Virgins

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: well

text: known

text: parables

text: of

text: Jesus

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Gospel

text: of

text: Matthew

text: the

text: five

text: virgins

text: who

text: are

text: prepared

text: for

text: the

text: bridegroom

text: 's

text: arrival

text: are

text: rewarded

text: while

text: the

text: five

text: who

text: are

text: not

text: prepared

text: are

text: disowned

text: The

text: parable

text: has

text: clear

text: eschatological

text: theme

text: be

text: prepared

text: for

text: the

text: Day

text: of

text: Judgment

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: parables

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: with

text: enormous

text: influence

text: on

text: Gothic

text: art

text: sculpture

text: and

text: the

text: architecture

text: of

text: German

text: and

text: French

text: cathedrals

annotations: follows multiple

question: language_of_work_or_name wachet auf

answer: german

text: german

text: german

text: german

text: german

text: german

text: german

text: german


text: Kendal , anciently known as Kirkby in Kendal or Kirkby Kendal, is a market town and civil parish within the South Lakeland District of Cumbria, England. Historically in Westmorland, it is situated about south-east of Windermere, north of Lancaster, north-east of Barrow-in-Furness and north-west of Skipton. The town lies in the valley or "dale" of the River Kent, from which it derives its name, and has a total resident population of 28,586, making it the third largest settlement in Cumbria behind Carlisle and Barrow-in-Furness.

text: Kendal

text: anciently

text: known

text: as

text: Kirkby

text: in

text: Kendal

text: or

text: Kirkby

text: Kendal

text: is

text: market

text: town

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: within

text: the

text: South

text: Lakeland

text: District

text: of

text: Cumbria

text: England

text: Historically

text: in

text: Westmorland

text: it

text: is

text: situated

text: about

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Windermere

text: north

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: Barrow

text: in

text: Furness

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: Skipton

text: The

text: town

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: valley

text: or

text: dale

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Kent

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: derives

text: its

text: name

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: resident

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: settlement

text: in

text: Cumbria

text: behind

text: Carlisle

text: and

text: Barrow

text: in

text: Furness

text: British English is the English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom or, more broadly, throughout the British Isles. Slight regional variations exist in formal, written English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective "wee" is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland and Northern Ireland, and occasionally Yorkshire, whereas "little" is predominant elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is a meaningful degree of uniformity in "written" English within the United Kingdom, and this could be described by the term "British English". The forms of "spoken" English, however, vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken, so a uniform concept of British English is more difficult to apply to the spoken language. According to Tom McArthur in the "Oxford Guide to World English", British English shares "all the ambiguities and tensions in the word "British" and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity."

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: as

text: spoken

text: and

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: or

text: more

text: broadly

text: throughout

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: Slight

text: regional

text: variations

text: exist

text: in

text: formal

text: written

text: English

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: adjective

text: wee

text: is

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: used

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: and

text: occasionally

text: Yorkshire

text: whereas

text: little

text: is

text: predominant

text: elsewhere

text: Nevertheless

text: there

text: is

text: meaningful

text: degree

text: of

text: uniformity

text: in

text: written

text: English

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: this

text: could

text: be

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: term

text: British

text: English

text: The

text: forms

text: of

text: spoken

text: English

text: however

text: vary

text: considerably

text: more

text: than

text: in

text: most

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: where

text: English

text: is

text: spoken

text: so

text: uniform

text: concept

text: of

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: apply

text: to

text: the

text: spoken

text: language

text: According

text: to

text: Tom

text: McArthur

text: in

text: the

text: Oxford

text: Guide

text: to

text: World

text: English

text: British

text: English

text: shares

text: all

text: the

text: ambiguities

text: and

text: tensions

text: in

text: the

text: word

text: British

text: and

text: as

text: result

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: and

text: interpreted

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: more

text: broadly

text: or

text: more

text: narrowly

text: within

text: range

text: of

text: blurring

text: and

text: ambiguity

text: Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are healthcare professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use. A pharmacist is a member of the health care team directly involved with patient care. Pharmacists undergo university-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters. This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacists interpret and communicate this specialized knowledge to patients, physicians, and other health care providers.

text: Pharmacists

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: chemists

text: Commonwealth

text: English

text: or

text: druggists

text: North

text: American

text: and

text: archaically

text: Commonwealth

text: English

text: are

text: healthcare

text: professionals

text: who

text: practice

text: in

text: pharmacy

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: health

text: sciences

text: focusing

text: on

text: safe

text: and

text: effective

text: medication

text: use

text: pharmacist

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: health

text: care

text: team

text: directly

text: involved

text: with

text: patient

text: care

text: Pharmacists

text: undergo

text: university

text: level

text: education

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: biochemical

text: mechanisms

text: and

text: actions

text: of

text: drugs

text: drug

text: uses

text: therapeutic

text: roles

text: side

text: effects

text: potential

text: drug

text: interactions

text: and

text: monitoring

text: parameters

text: This

text: is

text: mated

text: to

text: anatomy

text: physiology

text: and

text: pathophysiology

text: Pharmacists

text: interpret

text: and

text: communicate

text: this

text: specialized

text: knowledge

text: to

text: patients

text: physicians

text: and

text: other

text: health

text: care

text: providers

text: Apothecary is one term for a medical professional who formulates and dispenses "materia medica" to physicians, surgeons and patients. The modern pharmacist (also colloquially referred to as a chemist in British English) has taken over this role and in some languages and regions the word is still used to refer to a retail pharmacy or a pharmacist who owns one. The apothecaries' investigation of herbal and chemical ingredients was a precursor to the modern sciences of chemistry and pharmacology.

text: Apothecary

text: is

text: one

text: term

text: for

text: medical

text: professional

text: who

text: formulates

text: and

text: dispenses

text: materia

text: medica

text: to

text: physicians

text: surgeons

text: and

text: patients

text: The

text: modern

text: pharmacist

text: also

text: colloquially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: chemist

text: in

text: British

text: English

text: has

text: taken

text: over

text: this

text: role

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: languages

text: and

text: regions

text: the

text: word

text: is

text: still

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: retail

text: pharmacy

text: or

text: pharmacist

text: who

text: owns

text: one

text: The

text: apothecaries

text: investigation

text: of

text: herbal

text: and

text: chemical

text: ingredients

text: was

text: precursor

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: sciences

text: of

text: chemistry

text: and

text: pharmacology

text: Barrow-in-Furness (; commonly known as Barrow) is a town and borough in Cumbria, North West England. Historically part of Lancashire, it was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1867 and merged with adjacent districts in 1974 to form the Borough of Barrow-in-Furness. At the tip of the Furness peninsula, close to the Lake District, it is bordered by Morecambe Bay, the Duddon Estuary and the Irish Sea. In 2011, Barrow's population was 57,000, the second largest urban area in Cumbria after Carlisle. Natives of Barrow, as well as the local dialect, are known as Barrovian.

text: Barrow

text: in

text: Furness

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Barrow

text: is

text: town

text: and

text: borough

text: in

text: Cumbria

text: North

text: West

text: England

text: Historically

text: part

text: of

text: Lancashire

text: it

text: was

text: incorporated

text: as

text: municipal

text: borough

text: in

text: and

text: merged

text: with

text: adjacent

text: districts

text: in

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Borough

text: of

text: Barrow

text: in

text: Furness

text: At

text: the

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: Furness

text: peninsula

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Lake

text: District

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Morecambe

text: Bay

text: the

text: Duddon

text: Estuary

text: and

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: In

text: Barrow

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: Cumbria

text: after

text: Carlisle

text: Natives

text: of

text: Barrow

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: local

text: dialect

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Barrovian

text: Materia medica is a Latin medical term for the body of collected knowledge about the therapeutic properties of any substance used for healing (i.e., medicines). The term derives from the title of a work by the Ancient Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides in the 1st century AD, "De materia medica", 'On Medical Material' (   in Greek). The term "materia medica" was used from the period of the Roman Empire until the 20th century, but has now been generally replaced in medical education contexts by the term "pharmacology".

text: Materia

text: medica

text: is

text: Latin

text: medical

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: collected

text: knowledge

text: about

text: the

text: therapeutic

text: properties

text: of

text: any

text: substance

text: used

text: for

text: healing

text: i.e.

text: medicines

text: The

text: term

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: work

text: by

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: physician

text: Pedanius

text: Dioscorides

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: De

text: materia

text: medica

text: On

text: Medical

text: Material

text: in

text: Greek

text: The

text: term

text: materia

text: medica

text: was

text: used

text: from

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: has

text: now

text: been

text: generally

text: replaced

text: in

text: medical

text: education

text: contexts

text: by

text: the

text: term

text: pharmacology

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: William Hudson FRS ( 1734 in Kendal -- 23 May 1793 ) was a British botanist and apothecary based in London . His main work was Flora Anglica , published in 1762 . He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1761 .

text: William

text: Hudson

text: FRS

text: in

text: Kendal

text: May

text: was

text: British

text: botanist

text: and

text: apothecary

text: based

text: in

text: London

text: His

text: main

text: work

text: was

text: Flora

text: Anglica

text: published

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: fellow

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: in

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

question: languages_spoken_or_written william hudson

answer: latin

text: latin