text: London Zoo is the world's oldest scientific zoo. It was opened in London on April 27, 1828, and was originally intended to be used as a collection for scientific study. In 1932 the animals of the Tower of London menagerie were transferred to the zoo's collection. It was eventually opened to the public in 1847. Today it houses a collection of 756 species of animals, with 17,480 individuals, making it one of the largest collections in the United Kingdom. The zoo is sometimes called Regent's Zoo.

text: London

text: Zoo

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: scientific

text: zoo

text: It

text: was

text: opened

text: in

text: London

text: on

text: April

text: and

text: was

text: originally

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: collection

text: for

text: scientific

text: study

text: In

text: the

text: animals

text: of

text: the

text: Tower

text: of

text: London

text: menagerie

text: were

text: transferred

text: to

text: the

text: zoo

text: 's

text: collection

text: It

text: was

text: eventually

text: opened

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: in

text: Today

text: it

text: houses

text: collection

text: of

text: species

text: of

text: animals

text: with

text: individuals

text: making

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: collections

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: zoo

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Regent

text: 's

text: Zoo

text: Brittany ( pronounced or ; Gallo: "Bertaèyn", pronounced ) is a cultural region in the north-west of France. Covering the western part of Armorica, as it was known during the period of Roman occupation, Brittany subsequently became an independent kingdom and then a duchy before being united with the Kingdom of France in 1532 as a province governed as if it were a separate nation under the crown. Brittany has also been referred to as "Less", "Lesser" or "Little" Britain (as opposed to "Great Britain"). It is bordered by the English Channel to the north, the Celtic Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Bay of Biscay to the south. Its land area is 34,023 km² .

text: Brittany

text: pronounced

text: or

text: Gallo

text: Bertaèyn

text: pronounced

text: is

text: cultural

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: France

text: Covering

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: Armorica

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Roman

text: occupation

text: Brittany

text: subsequently

text: became

text: an

text: independent

text: kingdom

text: and

text: then

text: duchy

text: before

text: being

text: united

text: with

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: as

text: province

text: governed

text: as

text: if

text: it

text: were

text: separate

text: nation

text: under

text: the

text: crown

text: Brittany

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Less

text: Lesser

text: or

text: Little

text: Britain

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Its

text: land

text: area

text: is

text: Ille-et-Vilaine is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country.

text: Ille

text: et

text: Vilaine

text: is

text: department

text: of

text: France

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Brittany

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Compagnie des Alpes is a French company created in 1989 to operate many ski resorts in Europe. Compagnie des Alpes is a part of Caisse des dépôts et consignations.

text: Compagnie

text: des

text: Alpes

text: is

text: French

text: company

text: created

text: in

text: to

text: operate

text: many

text: ski

text: resorts

text: in

text: Europe

text: Compagnie

text: des

text: Alpes

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Caisse

text: des

text: dépôts

text: et

text: consignations

text: Philip Henry Gosse (6 April 1810  23 August 1888), known to his friends as Henry, was an English naturalist and popularizer of natural science, virtually the inventor of the seawater aquarium, and a painstaking innovator in the study of marine biology. The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and coined the term "aquarium" when he published the first manual, "The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea", in 1854.

text: Philip

text: Henry

text: Gosse

text: April

text: August

text: known

text: to

text: his

text: friends

text: as

text: Henry

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: naturalist

text: and

text: popularizer

text: of

text: natural

text: science

text: virtually

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: the

text: seawater

text: aquarium

text: and

text: painstaking

text: innovator

text: in

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: marine

text: biology

text: The

text: aquarium

text: craze

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: early

text: Victorian

text: England

text: by

text: Gosse

text: who

text: created

text: and

text: stocked

text: the

text: first

text: public

text: aquarium

text: at

text: the

text: London

text: Zoo

text: in

text: and

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: aquarium

text: when

text: he

text: published

text: the

text: first

text: manual

text: The

text: Aquarium

text: An

text: Unveiling

text: of

text: the

text: Wonders

text: of

text: the

text: Deep

text: Sea

text: in

text: Saint-Malo (Gallo : "Saent-Malô") is a walled port city in Brittany in northwestern France on the English Channel. It is a sub-prefecture of the Ille-et-Vilaine.

text: Saint

text: Malo

text: Gallo

text: Saent

text: Malô

text: is

text: walled

text: port

text: city

text: in

text: Brittany

text: in

text: northwestern

text: France

text: on

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: It

text: is

text: sub

text: prefecture

text: of

text: the

text: Ille

text: et

text: Vilaine

text:
The Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations is a French public sector financial institution created in 1816, and part of the government institutions under the control of the Parliament. Often described as the investment arm of the French State, it is defined in the French Monetary and Financial Code as a public group serving the public interest and a long-term investor. Since 2014, Pierre-René Lemas has served as its CEO.
Areas of intervention.
As set out within the French Monetary and Financial Code, Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations carries out missions of public interest in support of the public policies implemented by the State and local government bodies.
It contributes to the development of enterprises in line with its own proprietorial interests, and may also exercise competitive activities.
It ensures, on behalf of the State and local authorities, missions of general interest:

text: The

text: Caisse

text: des

text: Dépôts

text: et

text: Consignations

text: is

text: French

text: public

text: sector

text: financial

text: institution

text: created

text: in

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: institutions

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Parliament

text: Often

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: investment

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: State

text: it

text: is

text: defined

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: Monetary

text: and

text: Financial

text: Code

text: as

text: public

text: group

text: serving

text: the

text: public

text: interest

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: investor

text: Since

text: Pierre

text: René

text: Lemas

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: its

text: CEO

text: Areas

text: of

text: intervention

text: As

text: set

text: out

text: within

text: the

text: French

text: Monetary

text: and

text: Financial

text: Code

text: Caisse

text: des

text: Dépôts

text: et

text: Consignations

text: carries

text: out

text: missions

text: of

text: public

text: interest

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: policies

text: implemented

text: by

text: the

text: State

text: and

text: local

text: government

text: bodies

text: It

text: contributes

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: enterprises

text: in

text: line

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: proprietorial

text: interests

text: and

text: may

text: also

text: exercise

text: competitive

text: activities

text: It

text: ensures

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: and

text: local

text: authorities

text: missions

text: of

text: general

text: interest

text: Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets.

text: Latin

text: Latin

text: is

text: classical

text: language

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Italic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: The

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: and

text: Greek

text: alphabets

text: Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater). They are also referred to as hydrophytes or macrophytes. These plants require special adaptations for living submerged in water, or at the water's surface. The most common adaptation is aerenchyma, but floating leaves and finely dissected leaves are also common. Aquatic plants can only grow in water or in soil that is permanently saturated with water. They are therefore a common component of wetlands.

text: Aquatic

text: plants

text: are

text: plants

text: that

text: have

text: adapted

text: to

text: living

text: in

text: aquatic

text: environments

text: saltwater

text: or

text: freshwater

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: hydrophytes

text: or

text: macrophytes

text: These

text: plants

text: require

text: special

text: adaptations

text: for

text: living

text: submerged

text: in

text: water

text: or

text: at

text: the

text: water

text: 's

text: surface

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: adaptation

text: is

text: aerenchyma

text: but

text: floating

text: leaves

text: and

text: finely

text: dissected

text: leaves

text: are

text: also

text: common

text: Aquatic

text: plants

text: can

text: only

text: grow

text: in

text: water

text: or

text: in

text: soil

text: that

text: is

text: permanently

text: saturated

text: with

text: water

text: They

text: are

text: therefore

text: common

text: component

text: of

text: wetlands

text: A vivarium (Latin, literally for "place of life"; plural: "vivaria" or "vivariums") is an area, usually enclosed, for keeping and raising animals or plants for observation or research. Often, a portion of the ecosystem for a particular species is simulated on a smaller scale, with controls for environmental conditions.

text: vivarium

text: Latin

text: literally

text: for

text: place

text: of

text: life

text: plural

text: vivaria

text: or

text: vivariums

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: usually

text: enclosed

text: for

text: keeping

text: and

text: raising

text: animals

text: or

text: plants

text: for

text: observation

text: or

text: research

text: Often

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: ecosystem

text: for

text: particular

text: species

text: is

text: simulated

text: on

text: smaller

text: scale

text: with

text: controls

text: for

text: environmental

text: conditions

text: A public aquarium (plural: "public aquaria" or " public aquariums") is the aquatic counterpart of a zoo, which houses living aquatic animal and plant specimens for public viewing. Most public aquariums feature tanks larger than those kept by home aquarists, as well as smaller tanks. Since the first public aquariums were built in the mid-19th century, they have become popular and their numbers have increased. Most modern accredited aquariums stress conservation issues and educating the public.

text: public

text: aquarium

text: plural

text: public

text: aquaria

text: or

text: public

text: aquariums

text: is

text: the

text: aquatic

text: counterpart

text: of

text: zoo

text: which

text: houses

text: living

text: aquatic

text: animal

text: and

text: plant

text: specimens

text: for

text: public

text: viewing

text: Most

text: public

text: aquariums

text: feature

text: tanks

text: larger

text: than

text: those

text: kept

text: by

text: home

text: aquarists

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: smaller

text: tanks

text: Since

text: the

text: first

text: public

text: aquariums

text: were

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: they

text: have

text: become

text: popular

text: and

text: their

text: numbers

text: have

text: increased

text: Most

text: modern

text: accredited

text: aquariums

text: stress

text: conservation

text: issues

text: and

text: educating

text: the

text: public

text: The English Channel ("the Sleeve" [hence ] "Sea of Brittany" "British Sea"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the southern part of the North Sea to the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.

text: The

text: English

text: Channel

text: the

text: Sleeve

text: hence

text: Sea

text: of

text: Brittany

text: British

text: Sea

text: also

text: called

text: simply

text: the

text: Channel

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: that

text: separates

text: southern

text: England

text: from

text: northern

text: France

text: and

text: joins

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: An aquarium (plural: "aquariums" or "aquaria") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which water-dwelling plants or animals are kept and displayed. Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants. The term, coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root "aqua", meaning water, with the suffix "-arium", meaning "a place for relating to". The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as their numbers do not grow too large. The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, "The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea" in 1854.

text: An

text: aquarium

text: plural

text: aquariums

text: or

text: aquaria

text: is

text: vivarium

text: of

text: any

text: size

text: having

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: transparent

text: side

text: in

text: which

text: water

text: dwelling

text: plants

text: or

text: animals

text: are

text: kept

text: and

text: displayed

text: Fishkeepers

text: use

text: aquaria

text: to

text: keep

text: fish

text: invertebrates

text: amphibians

text: aquatic

text: reptiles

text: such

text: as

text: turtles

text: and

text: aquatic

text: plants

text: The

text: term

text: coined

text: by

text: English

text: naturalist

text: Philip

text: Henry

text: Gosse

text: combines

text: the

text: Latin

text: root

text: aqua

text: meaning

text: water

text: with

text: the

text: suffix

text: -arium

text: meaning

text: place

text: for

text: relating

text: to

text: The

text: aquarium

text: principle

text: was

text: fully

text: developed

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: chemist

text: Robert

text: Warington

text: who

text: explained

text: that

text: plants

text: added

text: to

text: water

text: in

text: container

text: would

text: give

text: off

text: enough

text: oxygen

text: to

text: support

text: animals

text: so

text: long

text: as

text: their

text: numbers

text: do

text: not

text: grow

text: too

text: large

text: The

text: aquarium

text: craze

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: early

text: Victorian

text: England

text: by

text: Gosse

text: who

text: created

text: and

text: stocked

text: the

text: first

text: public

text: aquarium

text: at

text: the

text: London

text: Zoo

text: in

text: and

text: published

text: the

text: first

text: manual

text: The

text: Aquarium

text: An

text: Unveiling

text: of

text: the

text: Wonders

text: of

text: the

text: Deep

text: Sea

text: in

text: Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a "backbone" or "spine"), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects; crabs, lobsters and their kin; snails, clams, octopuses and their kin; starfish, sea-urchins and their kin; and worms.

text: Invertebrates

text: are

text: animals

text: that

text: neither

text: possess

text: nor

text: develop

text: vertebral

text: column

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: backbone

text: or

text: spine

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: notochord

text: This

text: includes

text: all

text: animals

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: subphylum

text: Vertebrata

text: Familiar

text: examples

text: of

text: invertebrates

text: include

text: insects

text: crabs

text: lobsters

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: snails

text: clams

text: octopuses

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: starfish

text: sea

text: urchins

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: and

text: worms

text: The Great Aquarium -- Saint - Malo is an aquarium in Saint - Malo , France . It opened in 1996 and now belongs to the group Compagnie des Alpes , which also owns many other parks in France and Europe . The aquarium houses 11,000 marine animals representing 600 species . It covers 4,000 square metres ( 43,000 sq ft ) and holds 2,500,000 litres ( 660,000 US gal ) of water ( The largest aquarium , Nautibus attraction excluded , contains 600,000 litres ( 160,000 US gal ) ) . 360,000 people visit this site each year making it the second most visited tourist site in Brittany .

text: The

text: Great

text: Aquarium

text: Saint

text: Malo

text: is

text: an

text: aquarium

text: in

text: Saint

text: Malo

text: France

text: It

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: now

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: group

text: Compagnie

text: des

text: Alpes

text: which

text: also

text: owns

text: many

text: other

text: parks

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: Europe

text: The

text: aquarium

text: houses

text: marine

text: animals

text: representing

text: species

text: It

text: covers

text: square

text: metres

text: sq

text: ft

text: and

text: holds

text: litres

text: US

text: gal

text: of

text: water

text: The

text: largest

text: aquarium

text: Nautibus

text: attraction

text: excluded

text: contains

text: litres

text: US

text: gal

text: people

text: visit

text: this

text: site

text: each

text: year

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: visited

text: tourist

text: site

text: in

text: Brittany

question: instance_of great aquarium saint-malo

answer: public aquarium

text: public aquarium

text: public aquarium

text: public aquarium


text: Lathen is a municipality in the Emsland district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the location of the Emsland Transrapid Test facility, a testing site for Transrapid maglev trains.

text: Lathen

text: is

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: Emsland

text: district

text: in

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: Emsland

text: Transrapid

text: Test

text: facility

text: testing

text: site

text: for

text: Transrapid

text: maglev

text: trains

text: North Rhine-Westphalia (, commonly shortened to NRW) is the most populous state of Germany, with a population of approximately 18 million, and the fourth largest by area. Its capital is Düsseldorf; the most populous city is Cologne. Four of Germany's ten largest citiesCologne, Düsseldorf, Dortmund, and Essenare located within the state, as well as the largest metropolitan area on the European continent, Rhine-Ruhr.

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: commonly

text: shortened

text: to

text: NRW

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: by

text: area

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Düsseldorf

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Cologne

text: Four

text: of

text: Germany

text: 's

text: ten

text: largest

text: citiesCologne

text: Düsseldorf

text: Dortmund

text: and

text: Essenare

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: Rhine

text: Ruhr

text: The Deutsche Bundesbahn or DB (German Federal Railway) was formed as the state railway of the newly established Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) on 7 September 1949 as a successor of the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft (DRG). The DB remained the state railway of West Germany until after German reunification, when it was merged with the former East German Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) to form Deutsche Bahn AG, which came into existence on 1 January 1994.

text: The

text: Deutsche

text: Bundesbahn

text: or

text: DB

text: German

text: Federal

text: Railway

text: was

text: formed

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: railway

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: established

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: FRG

text: on

text: September

text: as

text: successor

text: of

text: the

text: Deutsche

text: Reichsbahn

text: Gesellschaft

text: DRG

text: The

text: DB

text: remained

text: the

text: state

text: railway

text: of

text: West

text: Germany

text: until

text: after

text: German

text: reunification

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: former

text: East

text: German

text: Deutsche

text: Reichsbahn

text: DR

text: to

text: form

text: Deutsche

text: Bahn

text: AG

text: which

text: came

text: into

text: existence

text: on

text: January

text: A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament). There are a number of variations of parliamentary republics. Most have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government holding real power, much like constitutional monarchies. Some have combined the roles of head of state and head of government, much like presidential systems, but with a dependency upon parliamentary power.

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: is

text: republic

text: that

text: operates

text: under

text: parliamentary

text: system

text: of

text: government

text: where

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: the

text: government

text: derives

text: its

text: legitimacy

text: from

text: and

text: is

text: accountable

text: to

text: the

text: legislature

text: the

text: parliament

text: There

text: are

text: number

text: of

text: variations

text: of

text: parliamentary

text: republics

text: Most

text: have

text: clear

text: differentiation

text: between

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: with

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: holding

text: real

text: power

text: much

text: like

text: constitutional

text: monarchies

text: Some

text: have

text: combined

text: the

text: roles

text: of

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: and

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: much

text: like

text: presidential

text: systems

text: but

text: with

text: dependency

text: upon

text: parliamentary

text: power

text: Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Germany

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: states

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Located

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: rivers

text: Spree

text: and

text: Havel

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Brandenburg

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: about

text: million

text: residents

text: from

text: more

text: than

text: nations

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Plain

text: Berlin

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: Around

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: forests

text: parks

text: gardens

text: rivers

text: and

text: lakes

text: The Netherlands  is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament. The name "Holland" is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: constituent

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: is

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: with

text: three

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: The

text: European

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: borders

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Belgium

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: sharing

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Belgium

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Germany

text: The

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: are

text: Amsterdam

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: while

text: The

text: Hague

text: holds

text: the

text: Dutch

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: parliament

text: The

text: name

text: Holland

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: informally

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Frankfurt am Main is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2015 population of 731,095 within its administrative boundaries, and 2.3 million in its urban area. The city is at the centre of the larger Frankfurt Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 5.8 million and is Germany's second-largest metropolitan region after Rhine-Ruhr. Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013, the geographic centre of the EU is about to the east of Frankfurt's CBD, the Bankenviertel. Frankfurt is culturally and ethnically diverse, with around half of the population, and a majority of young people, having a migration background. A quarter of the population are foreign nationals, including many expatriates.

text: Frankfurt

text: am

text: Main

text: is

text: metropolis

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: Hesse

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: within

text: its

text: administrative

text: boundaries

text: and

text: million

text: in

text: its

text: urban

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: Frankfurt

text: Rhine

text: Main

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: and

text: is

text: Germany

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: after

text: Rhine

text: Ruhr

text: Since

text: the

text: enlargement

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: in

text: the

text: geographic

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: EU

text: is

text: about

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Frankfurt

text: 's

text: CBD

text: the

text: Bankenviertel

text: Frankfurt

text: is

text: culturally

text: and

text: ethnically

text: diverse

text: with

text: around

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: majority

text: of

text: young

text: people

text: having

text: migration

text: background

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: are

text: foreign

text: nationals

text: including

text: many

text: expatriates

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Lower Saxony is a German state ("Bundesland") situated in northwestern Germany and is second in area, with , and fourth in population (8 million) among the sixteen "Länder" of Germany. In rural areas Northern Low Saxon, a dialect of Low German, and Saterland Frisian, a variety of Frisian, are still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining.

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: is

text: German

text: state

text: Bundesland

text: situated

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Germany

text: and

text: is

text: second

text: in

text: area

text: with

text: and

text: fourth

text: in

text: population

text: million

text: among

text: the

text: sixteen

text: Länder

text: of

text: Germany

text: In

text: rural

text: areas

text: Northern

text: Low

text: Saxon

text: dialect

text: of

text: Low

text: German

text: and

text: Saterland

text: Frisian

text: variety

text: of

text: Frisian

text: are

text: still

text: spoken

text: but

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: speakers

text: is

text: declining

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: Düsseldorf (Low Franconian, Ripuarian: "Düsseldörp" ) is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the seventh most populous city in Germany. Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre, renowned for its fashion and trade fairs. The city is headquarters to one Fortune Global 500 and two DAX companies. Messe Düsseldorf organises nearly one fifth of premier trade shows.

text: Düsseldorf

text: Low

text: Franconian

text: Ripuarian

text: Düsseldörp

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: Düsseldorf

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: business

text: and

text: financial

text: centre

text: renowned

text: for

text: its

text: fashion

text: and

text: trade

text: fairs

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: headquarters

text: to

text: one

text: Fortune

text: Global

text: and

text: two

text: DAX

text: companies

text: Messe

text: Düsseldorf

text: organises

text: nearly

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: premier

text: trade

text: shows

text: Hamburg (local pronunciation ; Low German/Low Saxon: "Hamborg" ), officially "Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg" (Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg), is the second largest city in Germany and the eighth largest city in the European Union. It is the second smallest German state by area. Its population is over 1.7 million people, and the wider Hamburg Metropolitan Region covers more than 5.1 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the river Elbe.

text: Hamburg

text: local

text: pronunciation

text: Low

text: German

text: Low

text: Saxon

text: Hamborg

text: officially

text: Freie

text: und

text: Hansestadt

text: Hamburg

text: Free

text: and

text: Hanseatic

text: City

text: of

text: Hamburg

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: smallest

text: German

text: state

text: by

text: area

text: Its

text: population

text: is

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: wider

text: Hamburg

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: covers

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Elbe

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.

text: The

text: euro

text: sign

text: code

text: EUR

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: currency

text: of

text: the

text: eurozone

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Austria

text: Belgium

text: Cyprus

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: France

text: Germany

text: Greece

text: Ireland

text: Italy

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: Luxembourg

text: Malta

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Portugal

text: Slovakia

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Spain

text: The

text: currency

text: is

text: also

text: officially

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: four

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: unilaterally

text: by

text: two

text: others

text: and

text: is

text: consequently

text: used

text: daily

text: by

text: some

text: million

text: Europeans

text: Outside

text: of

text: Europe

text: number

text: of

text: overseas

text: territories

text: of

text: EU

text: members

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: their

text: currency

text: Stuttgart ( Swabian: "Schduagert"), often nicknamed the ""Schwabenmetropole"" in reference to its location in the center of Swabia and the local dialect spoken by some natives, is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley locally known as the "Stuttgarter Kessel" an hour from the Swabian Jura and the Black Forest. Stuttgart's name comes from the Old High German word ""Stuogarten"," or "stud farm"  a reference to the city's founding in 950 AD as a stud farm. Stuttgarts urban area has a population of 623,738, and a further making it the sixth largest city in Germany, 2.7 million people live in the citys administrative region, and another 5.3 million people in its metropolitan area, making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Germany.

text: Stuttgart

text: Swabian

text: Schduagert

text: often

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: Schwabenmetropole

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Swabia

text: and

text: the

text: local

text: dialect

text: spoken

text: by

text: some

text: natives

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: Baden

text: Württemberg

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Neckar

text: river

text: in

text: fertile

text: valley

text: locally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Stuttgarter

text: Kessel

text: an

text: hour

text: from

text: the

text: Swabian

text: Jura

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Forest

text: Stuttgart

text: 's

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: High

text: German

text: word

text: Stuogarten

text: or

text: stud

text: farm

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: founding

text: in

text: AD

text: as

text: stud

text: farm

text: Stuttgarts

text: urban

text: area

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: further

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: million

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: citys

text: administrative

text: region

text: and

text: another

text: million

text: people

text: in

text: its

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: Germany

text: The Emsland Transrapid Test Facility ( German : Transrapid - Versuchsanlage Emsland , TVE ) is a testing site for Transrapid maglev trains in Emsland , Germany . The single track line runs between Dörpen and Lathen . Turning loops are at each end . The track is elevated for almost its entire length to allow continued farming and grazing of the land occupied . Until the 2006 Lathen maglev train accident , the trains often carried paying passengers , possibly to `` show off '' the maglev . They regularly ran at up to 420 km / h. All runs , including those with passengers , were fully monitored , with the last car in the three car trains filled with monitoring computers and engineers . Construction of the facility began in 1980 and was completed in 1984 . In 2006 23 people were killed in the Lathen maglev train accident on the track , involving a Transrapid passenger train and a maintenance vehicle . The accident was discovered to have been caused by human failure in implementing safety and checking protocols . At the end of 2011 , the operation license has expired , and the test track was closed . In early 2012 , the demolition and reconversion of all the Emsland site , including the tracks and factory , was approved .

text: The

text: Emsland

text: Transrapid

text: Test

text: Facility

text: German

text: Transrapid

text: Versuchsanlage

text: Emsland

text: TVE

text: is

text: testing

text: site

text: for

text: Transrapid

text: maglev

text: trains

text: in

text: Emsland

text: Germany

text: The

text: single

text: track

text: line

text: runs

text: between

text: Dörpen

text: and

text: Lathen

text: Turning

text: loops

text: are

text: at

text: each

text: end

text: The

text: track

text: is

text: elevated

text: for

text: almost

text: its

text: entire

text: length

text: to

text: allow

text: continued

text: farming

text: and

text: grazing

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: occupied

text: Until

text: the

text: Lathen

text: maglev

text: train

text: accident

text: the

text: trains

text: often

text: carried

text: paying

text: passengers

text: possibly

text: to

text: show

text: off

text: the

text: maglev

text: They

text: regularly

text: ran

text: at

text: up

text: to

text: km

text: All

text: runs

text: including

text: those

text: with

text: passengers

text: were

text: fully

text: monitored

text: with

text: the

text: last

text: car

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: car

text: trains

text: filled

text: with

text: monitoring

text: computers

text: and

text: engineers

text: Construction

text: of

text: the

text: facility

text: began

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: In

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: Lathen

text: maglev

text: train

text: accident

text: on

text: the

text: track

text: involving

text: Transrapid

text: passenger

text: train

text: and

text: maintenance

text: vehicle

text: The

text: accident

text: was

text: discovered

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: caused

text: by

text: human

text: failure

text: in

text: implementing

text: safety

text: and

text: checking

text: protocols

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: operation

text: license

text: has

text: expired

text: and

text: the

text: test

text: track

text: was

text: closed

text: In

text: early

text: the

text: demolition

text: and

text: reconversion

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: Emsland

text: site

text: including

text: the

text: tracks

text: and

text: factory

text: was

text: approved

text: Dörpen is a municipality in the Emsland district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Dörpen is the seat of the Samtgemeinde Dörpen.

text: Dörpen

text: is

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: Emsland

text: district

text: in

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: Dörpen

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Samtgemeinde

text: Dörpen

text: Landkreis Emsland is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany named after the river Ems. It is bounded by (from the north and clockwise) the districts of Leer, Cloppenburg and Osnabrück, the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (district of Steinfurt), the district of Bentheim and the Netherlands (provinces of Drenthe and Groningen).

text: Landkreis

text: Emsland

text: is

text: district

text: in

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: river

text: Ems

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: clockwise

text: the

text: districts

text: of

text: Leer

text: Cloppenburg

text: and

text: Osnabrück

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: district

text: of

text: Steinfurt

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Bentheim

text: and

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: provinces

text: of

text: Drenthe

text: and

text: Groningen

text: Munich (also in British English ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and the 12th biggest city of the European Union, with a population of above 1.5 million. The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5.8 million people.

text: Munich

text: also

text: in

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: Bavaria

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: River

text: Isar

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Bavarian

text: Alps

text: Munich

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: after

text: Berlin

text: and

text: Hamburg

text: and

text: the

text: biggest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: above

text: million

text: The

text: Munich

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: A republic (from ) is a sovereign state, country, or government which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law. In modern times, the definition of a republic commonly refers to a government which excludes a monarch. Currently, 147 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the word "republic" as part of their official names; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor do all nations with elected governments use the word "republic" in their names.

text: republic

text: from

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: country

text: or

text: government

text: which

text: is

text: organized

text: with

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: in

text: which

text: power

text: resides

text: in

text: elected

text: individuals

text: representing

text: the

text: citizen

text: body

text: and

text: government

text: leaders

text: exercise

text: power

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: republic

text: commonly

text: refers

text: to

text: government

text: which

text: excludes

text: monarch

text: Currently

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sovereign

text: states

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: republic

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: official

text: names

text: not

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: are

text: republics

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: having

text: elected

text: governments

text: nor

text: do

text: all

text: nations

text: with

text: elected

text: governments

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: republic

text: in

text: their

text: names

text: Transrapid is a German developed high-speed monorail train using magnetic levitation. Planning for the Transrapid system started in 1969 with a test facility for the system in Emsland, Germany completed in 1987. In 1991, technical readiness for application was approved by the Deutsche Bundesbahn in cooperation with renowned universities.

text: Transrapid

text: is

text: German

text: developed

text: high

text: speed

text: monorail

text: train

text: using

text: magnetic

text: levitation

text: Planning

text: for

text: the

text: Transrapid

text: system

text: started

text: in

text: with

text: test

text: facility

text: for

text: the

text: system

text: in

text: Emsland

text: Germany

text: completed

text: in

text: In

text: technical

text: readiness

text: for

text: application

text: was

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: Deutsche

text: Bundesbahn

text: in

text: cooperation

text: with

text: renowned

text: universities

text: Drenthe is a province of the Netherlands, located in the northeast of the country. It is bordered by Overijssel to the south, Friesland to the west, Groningen to the north, and Germany (districts of Emsland and Bentheim) to the east. In 2014, it had a population of 488,957 and a total area of .

text: Drenthe

text: is

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Overijssel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Friesland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Groningen

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Germany

text: districts

text: of

text: Emsland

text: and

text: Bentheim

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: it

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Cologne is the largest city in the German federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth-largest city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich). It is located within the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, one of the major European metropolitan regions and the largest in Germany, with more than ten million inhabitants.

text: Cologne

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: federal

text: State

text: of

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: after

text: Berlin

text: Hamburg

text: and

text: Munich

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: Rhine

text: Ruhr

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: European

text: metropolitan

text: regions

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Germany

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: ten

text: million

text: inhabitants

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity emsland test facility

answer: lower saxony

text: lower saxony

text: lower saxony

text: lower saxony

text: lower saxony


text: The Will Rogers Turnpike is a freeway-standard toll road in the northeast portion of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The highway begins as a continuation of the Creek Turnpike in Tulsa, continuing northward from the I-44/US-412 interchange there to the Missouri state line west of Joplin, Missouri. The turnpike carries the I-44 designation for its entire length. The turnpike is long and costs $4 to drive one way. The Will Rogers Turnpike opened to traffic on June 28, 1957. It was designated as I-44 in 1958. It is named for Will Rogers, "Oklahoma's Favorite Son".

text: The

text: Will

text: Rogers

text: Turnpike

text: is

text: freeway

text: standard

text: toll

text: road

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: The

text: highway

text: begins

text: as

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: Creek

text: Turnpike

text: in

text: Tulsa

text: continuing

text: northward

text: from

text: the

text: interchange

text: there

text: to

text: the

text: Missouri

text: state

text: line

text: west

text: of

text: Joplin

text: Missouri

text: The

text: turnpike

text: carries

text: the

text: designation

text: for

text: its

text: entire

text: length

text: The

text: turnpike

text: is

text: long

text: and

text: costs

text: to

text: drive

text: one

text: way

text: The

text: Will

text: Rogers

text: Turnpike

text: opened

text: to

text: traffic

text: on

text: June

text: It

text: was

text: designated

text: as

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: Will

text: Rogers

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: Favorite

text: Son

text: U.S. Route 69 is a major north - south U.S. Highway in the U.S. state of Oklahoma . It extends the corridor formed by U.S. Route 75 in Texas , from Dallas northeast via McAlester and Muskogee to the Will Rogers Turnpike ( Interstate 44 ) near Vinita . From Vinita to the Kansas state line , US - 69 generally parallels the turnpike along old U.S. Highway 66 .

text: U.S.

text: Route

text: is

text: major

text: north

text: south

text: U.S.

text: Highway

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: It

text: extends

text: the

text: corridor

text: formed

text: by

text: U.S.

text: Route

text: in

text: Texas

text: from

text: Dallas

text: northeast

text: via

text: McAlester

text: and

text: Muskogee

text: to

text: the

text: Will

text: Rogers

text: Turnpike

text: Interstate

text: near

text: Vinita

text: From

text: Vinita

text: to

text: the

text: Kansas

text: state

text: line

text: US

text: generally

text: parallels

text: the

text: turnpike

text: along

text: old

text: U.S.

text: Highway

text: The Creek Turnpike, also designated State Highway 364 (SH-364), is a freeway-standard toll road that lies entirely in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The turnpike forms a partial beltway around the south and east sides of Tulsa, Oklahoma's second largest city. The Creek Turnpike's western terminus is at the Turner Turnpike in Sapulpa, while its northeastern terminus is at the Will Rogers Turnpike in Fair Oaks; both ends of the Creek Turnpike connect with Interstate 44 (I-44). Along the way, the highway passes through the cities of Sapulpa, Jenks, Tulsa, and Broken Arrow, and the counties of Creek, Tulsa, Wagoner and Rogers. The road is maintained by the Oklahoma Turnpike Authority (OTA), except for a brief free section shared with U.S. Route 64 (US-64) and US-169. This free section is maintained by the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT).

text: The

text: Creek

text: Turnpike

text: also

text: designated

text: State

text: Highway

text: is

text: freeway

text: standard

text: toll

text: road

text: that

text: lies

text: entirely

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Oklahoma

text: The

text: turnpike

text: forms

text: partial

text: beltway

text: around

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: sides

text: of

text: Tulsa

text: Oklahoma

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: The

text: Creek

text: Turnpike

text: 's

text: western

text: terminus

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: Turner

text: Turnpike

text: in

text: Sapulpa

text: while

text: its

text: northeastern

text: terminus

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: Will

text: Rogers

text: Turnpike

text: in

text: Fair

text: Oaks

text: both

text: ends

text: of

text: the

text: Creek

text: Turnpike

text: connect

text: with

text: Interstate

text: Along

text: the

text: way

text: the

text: highway

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Sapulpa

text: Jenks

text: Tulsa

text: and

text: Broken

text: Arrow

text: and

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Creek

text: Tulsa

text: Wagoner

text: and

text: Rogers

text: The

text: road

text: is

text: maintained

text: by

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Turnpike

text: Authority

text: OTA

text: except

text: for

text: brief

text: free

text: section

text: shared

text: with

text: U.S.

text: Route

text: and

text: This

text: free

text: section

text: is

text: maintained

text: by

text: the

text: Oklahoma

text: Department

text: of

text: Transportation

text: ODOT

question: maintained_by u.s. route 69 in oklahoma

answer: oklahoma department of transportation

text: oklahoma department of transportation


text:
The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. The President of the United States is the military's overall head, and helps form military policy with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), a federal executive department, acting as the principal organ by which military policy is carried out.
From the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of national unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force. It played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a large standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold War's onset, created the modern U.S. military framework; the Act merged previously Cabinet-level Department of War and the Department of the Navy into the National Military Establishment (renamed the Department of Defense in 1949), headed by the Secretary of Defense; and created the Department of the Air Force and National Security Council.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: are

text: the

text: federal

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: They

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: Navy

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: The

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: military

text: 's

text: overall

text: head

text: and

text: helps

text: form

text: military

text: policy

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: DoD

text: federal

text: executive

text: department

text: acting

text: as

text: the

text: principal

text: organ

text: by

text: which

text: military

text: policy

text: is

text: carried

text: out

text: From

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: inception

text: the

text: military

text: played

text: decisive

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: sense

text: of

text: national

text: unity

text: and

text: identity

text: was

text: forged

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: Barbary

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Second

text: Barbary

text: War

text: Even

text: so

text: the

text: Founders

text: were

text: suspicious

text: of

text: permanent

text: military

text: force

text: It

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: where

text: leading

text: generals

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: were

text: picked

text: from

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: military

text: Not

text: until

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: did

text: large

text: standing

text: army

text: become

text: officially

text: established

text: The

text: National

text: Security

text: Act

text: of

text: adopted

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: 's

text: onset

text: created

text: the

text: modern

text: U.S.

text: military

text: framework

text: the

text: Act

text: merged

text: previously

text: Cabinet

text: level

text: Department

text: of

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Navy

text: into

text: the

text: National

text: Military

text: Establishment

text: renamed

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: in

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: and

text: created

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: National

text: Security

text: Council

text: The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (17751783)before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: USA

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: and

text: performs

text: land

text: based

text: military

text: operations

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: uniformed

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Section

text: Clause

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: Subtitle

text: Chapter

text: Section

text: As

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: senior

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: the

text: modern

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: June

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: U.S.

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: country

text: After

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: created

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: on

text: June

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: disbanded

text: Continental

text: Army

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: considers

text: itself

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: and

text: dates

text: its

text: institutional

text: inception

text: from

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: that

text: armed

text: force

text: in

text: John Bell Hood (June 1 or June 29, 1831  August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Hood had a reputation for bravery and aggressiveness that sometimes bordered on recklessness. Arguably one of the best brigade and division commanders in the Confederate States Army, Hood gradually became increasingly ineffective as he was promoted to lead larger, independent commands late in the war, and his career and reputation were marred by his decisive defeats leading an army in the Atlanta Campaign and the Franklin-Nashville Campaign.

text: John

text: Bell

text: Hood

text: June

text: or

text: June

text: August

text: was

text: Confederate

text: general

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: Hood

text: had

text: reputation

text: for

text: bravery

text: and

text: aggressiveness

text: that

text: sometimes

text: bordered

text: on

text: recklessness

text: Arguably

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: brigade

text: and

text: division

text: commanders

text: in

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: Army

text: Hood

text: gradually

text: became

text: increasingly

text: ineffective

text: as

text: he

text: was

text: promoted

text: to

text: lead

text: larger

text: independent

text: commands

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: his

text: career

text: and

text: reputation

text: were

text: marred

text: by

text: his

text: decisive

text: defeats

text: leading

text: an

text: army

text: in

text: the

text: Atlanta

text: Campaign

text: and

text: the

text: Franklin

text: Nashville

text: Campaign

text: Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city (and later on Nagasaki) at 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II.

text: Hiroshima

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: city

text: in

text: history

text: to

text: be

text: targeted

text: by

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: when

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Air

text: Forces

text: USAAF

text: dropped

text: an

text: atomic

text: bomb

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: later

text: on

text: Nagasaki

text: at

text: a.m.

text: on

text: August

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text:
Fort Hood is a U.S. military post located in Killeen, Texas. The post is named after Confederate General John Bell Hood. It is
located halfway between Austin and Waco, about from each, within the U.S. state of Texas. Fort Hood is an installation of the United States Army and is the largest military base in the world (by area) with more than 215,000 acres.

text: Fort

text: Hood

text: is

text: U.S.

text: military

text: post

text: located

text: in

text: Killeen

text: Texas

text: The

text: post

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Confederate

text: General

text: John

text: Bell

text: Hood

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: halfway

text: between

text: Austin

text: and

text: Waco

text: about

text: from

text: each

text: within

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Texas

text: Fort

text: Hood

text: is

text: an

text: installation

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: military

text: base

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: acres

text: The 1st Cavalry Division ( `` First Team '' ) is one of the most decorated combat divisions of the United States Army , as well as the other four branches of the U.S. military . It is based at Fort Hood , Texas . It was formed in 1921 and served during World War II , Korea , Vietnam , the Persian Gulf War , with the Stabilization Force in Bosnia - Herzegovina , in the Iraq War , and in the War in Afghanistan ( 2001 -- present ) . As of 2013 , the 1st Cavalry Division is subordinate to III Corps and is commanded by Major General Michael Bills .

text: The

text: Cavalry

text: Division

text: First

text: Team

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: decorated

text: combat

text: divisions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: other

text: four

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: It

text: is

text: based

text: at

text: Fort

text: Hood

text: Texas

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: and

text: served

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Korea

text: Vietnam

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: War

text: with

text: the

text: Stabilization

text: Force

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: in

text: the

text: Iraq

text: War

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: War

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: present

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Cavalry

text: Division

text: is

text: subordinate

text: to

text: III

text: Corps

text: and

text: is

text: commanded

text: by

text: Major

text: General

text: Michael

text: Bills

text: Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations, or both. It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or nuclear-armed fighter-bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy's war-making capability.

text: Strategic

text: bombing

text: is

text: military

text: strategy

text: used

text: in

text: total

text: war

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: defeating

text: the

text: enemy

text: by

text: destroying

text: its

text: morale

text: or

text: its

text: economic

text: ability

text: to

text: produce

text: and

text: transport

text: materiel

text: to

text: the

text: theatres

text: of

text: military

text: operations

text: or

text: both

text: It

text: is

text: systematically

text: organized

text: and

text: executed

text: attack

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: which

text: can

text: utilize

text: strategic

text: bombers

text: long-

text: or

text: medium

text: range

text: missiles

text: or

text: nuclear

text: armed

text: fighter

text: bomber

text: aircraft

text: to

text: attack

text: targets

text: deemed

text: vital

text: to

text: the

text: enemy

text: 's

text: war

text: making

text: capability

text: The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. The Continental Army was supplemented by local militias and troops that remained under control of the individual states or were otherwise independent. General George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the army throughout the war.

text: The

text: Continental

text: Army

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Second

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: after

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: by

text: the

text: colonies

text: that

text: became

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: Established

text: by

text: resolution

text: of

text: the

text: Congress

text: on

text: June

text: it

text: was

text: created

text: to

text: coordinate

text: the

text: military

text: efforts

text: of

text: the

text: Thirteen

text: Colonies

text: in

text: their

text: revolt

text: against

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: The

text: Continental

text: Army

text: was

text: supplemented

text: by

text: local

text: militias

text: and

text: troops

text: that

text: remained

text: under

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: states

text: or

text: were

text: otherwise

text: independent

text: General

text: George

text: Washington

text: was

text: the

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: throughout

text: the

text: war

text: The Army of the United States or Armies of the United States is the legal name of the "land forces of the United States" (United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001) and has been used in this context since at least 1841, as in the title: "General Regulations for the Army of the United States". The Army, or Armies of the United States includes: the Regular Army, Army National Guard, and the Army Reserve, (as well as any volunteer or conscripted forces).

text: The

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: or

text: Armies

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: legal

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Section

text: Clause

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: Subtitle

text: Chapter

text: Section

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: this

text: context

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: title

text: General

text: Regulations

text: for

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Army

text: or

text: Armies

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: includes

text: the

text: Regular

text: Army

text: Army

text: National

text: Guard

text: and

text: the

text: Army

text: Reserve

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: any

text: volunteer

text: or

text: conscripted

text: forces

question: military_branch 1st cavalry division

answer: regular army

text: regular army


text: Shiva ( Tamil Sanskrit: , lit. "the auspicious one") is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the supreme God within Shaivism, one of the three most influential denominations in contemporary Hinduism.

text: Shiva

text: Tamil

text: Sanskrit

text: lit

text: the

text: auspicious

text: one

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: principal

text: deities

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: supreme

text: God

text: within

text: Shaivism

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: most

text: influential

text: denominations

text: in

text: contemporary

text: Hinduism

text: Nandni Mata is a Hindu goddess . The name Nandni ( sometimes written Nandini ) is another name for Durga , which means `` daughter '' . Nandni Mata is also called Nandore Ma in the Vagadi language . According to ancient Hindu epics , Nandni Mata was a daughter of Yashoda in the Dvapara Yuga , and was killed by Kamsa . Mostly she is worshipped at the Navratri festival . Nandni Mata appears in several Vedic hymns and is also described in the eleventh chapter of the book Durga Saptmi . The hymn also associates her with Yashoda 's daughter . Nandni Mata has been regarded as Mahakali Pavagadh of Gujarat in Vagad . An Adivasi folk dance called `` garba '' is also devoted to Nandni Mata . She is equally revered by Hindus , Jains and the Buddhists in the Vagad . Nandni Mata Temple is very famous in the Banswara district of Rajasthan . It is 15 km from Banswara , situated on the state highway near Barodiya town . The main temple is located on top of the hills near Barodiya village in Vagad . Many myths and rituals centre on the black stone statue here some centuries ago which was later destroyed by demolishers , and is now replaced by the new beautiful idol .

text: Nandni

text: Mata

text: is

text: Hindu

text: goddess

text: The

text: name

text: Nandni

text: sometimes

text: written

text: Nandini

text: is

text: another

text: name

text: for

text: Durga

text: which

text: means

text: daughter

text: Nandni

text: Mata

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Nandore

text: Ma

text: in

text: the

text: Vagadi

text: language

text: According

text: to

text: ancient

text: Hindu

text: epics

text: Nandni

text: Mata

text: was

text: daughter

text: of

text: Yashoda

text: in

text: the

text: Dvapara

text: Yuga

text: and

text: was

text: killed

text: by

text: Kamsa

text: Mostly

text: she

text: is

text: worshipped

text: at

text: the

text: Navratri

text: festival

text: Nandni

text: Mata

text: appears

text: in

text: several

text: Vedic

text: hymns

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: eleventh

text: chapter

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: Durga

text: Saptmi

text: The

text: hymn

text: also

text: associates

text: her

text: with

text: Yashoda

text: 's

text: daughter

text: Nandni

text: Mata

text: has

text: been

text: regarded

text: as

text: Mahakali

text: Pavagadh

text: of

text: Gujarat

text: in

text: Vagad

text: An

text: Adivasi

text: folk

text: dance

text: called

text: garba

text: is

text: also

text: devoted

text: to

text: Nandni

text: Mata

text: She

text: is

text: equally

text: revered

text: by

text: Hindus

text: Jains

text: and

text: the

text: Buddhists

text: in

text: the

text: Vagad

text: Nandni

text: Mata

text: Temple

text: is

text: very

text: famous

text: in

text: the

text: Banswara

text: district

text: of

text: Rajasthan

text: It

text: is

text: km

text: from

text: Banswara

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: highway

text: near

text: Barodiya

text: town

text: The

text: main

text: temple

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: hills

text: near

text: Barodiya

text: village

text: in

text: Vagad

text: Many

text: myths

text: and

text: rituals

text: centre

text: on

text: the

text: black

text: stone

text: statue

text: here

text: some

text: centuries

text: ago

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: destroyed

text: by

text: demolishers

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: new

text: beautiful

text: idol

text:
A mother goddess is a goddess who represents, or is a personification of nature, motherhood, fertility,
creation, destruction or who embodies the bounty of the Earth. When equated with the Earth or the natural world, such goddesses are sometimes referred to as Mother Earth or as the Earth Mother.

text: mother

text: goddess

text: is

text: goddess

text: who

text: represents

text: or

text: is

text: personification

text: of

text: nature

text: motherhood

text: fertility

text: creation

text: destruction

text: or

text: who

text: embodies

text: the

text: bounty

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: When

text: equated

text: with

text: the

text: Earth

text: or

text: the

text: natural

text: world

text: such

text: goddesses

text: are

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Mother

text: Earth

text: or

text: as

text: the

text: Earth

text: Mother

text: Durga is the form of mother goddess in Shaktism. She is also called "Renu" or "Renuga", which means "wife of lord Shiva (or) mother of universe". There are many incarnations of Durga in Shaktism and nine appellations: Skandamata, Kushmanda, Shailaputri, Kaalratri, Brahmacharini, Katyayani, Chandraghanta and Siddhidatri. A list of 108 names that are used to describe her is very popularly in use by eastern Hindus and is called "Ashtottara Shatanamavali of Goddess Durga".

text: Durga

text: is

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: mother

text: goddess

text: in

text: Shaktism

text: She

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Renu

text: or

text: Renuga

text: which

text: means

text: wife

text: of

text: lord

text: Shiva

text: or

text: mother

text: of

text: universe

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: incarnations

text: of

text: Durga

text: in

text: Shaktism

text: and

text: nine

text: appellations

text: Skandamata

text: Kushmanda

text: Shailaputri

text: Kaalratri

text: Brahmacharini

text: Katyayani

text: Chandraghanta

text: and

text: Siddhidatri

text: list

text: of

text: names

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: her

text: is

text: very

text: popularly

text: in

text: use

text: by

text: eastern

text: Hindus

text: and

text: is

text: called

text: Ashtottara

text: Shatanamavali

text: of

text: Goddess

text: Durga

text: Brahma is the creator god in the Trimurti of Hinduism. He has four faces. Brahma is also known as "Svayambhu" (self-born), "Vga" (Lord of Speech), and the creator of the four Vedas, one from each of his mouths. Brahma is identified with the Vedic god Prajapati, as well as linked to Kama and Hiranyagarbha (the cosmic egg), he is more prominently mentioned in the post-Vedic Hindu epics and the mythologies in the Puranas. In the epics, he is conflated with Purusha. Brahma, along with Vishnu and Shiva, is part of a Hindu Trinity; however, ancient Hindu texts mention other trinities of gods or goddesses which do not include Brahma.

text: Brahma

text: is

text: the

text: creator

text: god

text: in

text: the

text: Trimurti

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: He

text: has

text: four

text: faces

text: Brahma

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Svayambhu

text: self

text: born

text: Vga

text: Lord

text: of

text: Speech

text: and

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: Vedas

text: one

text: from

text: each

text: of

text: his

text: mouths

text: Brahma

text: is

text: identified

text: with

text: the

text: Vedic

text: god

text: Prajapati

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: linked

text: to

text: Kama

text: and

text: Hiranyagarbha

text: the

text: cosmic

text: egg

text: he

text: is

text: more

text: prominently

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: Vedic

text: Hindu

text: epics

text: and

text: the

text: mythologies

text: in

text: the

text: Puranas

text: In

text: the

text: epics

text: he

text: is

text: conflated

text: with

text: Purusha

text: Brahma

text: along

text: with

text: Vishnu

text: and

text: Shiva

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Hindu

text: Trinity

text: however

text: ancient

text: Hindu

text: texts

text: mention

text: other

text: trinities

text: of

text: gods

text: or

text: goddesses

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: include

text: Brahma

text: In Hinduism, Shakti (Devanagari: ; from Sanskrit "shak", "to be able"), also spelled as Sakthi, meaning "power" or "empowerment" is the primordial cosmic energy and represents the dynamic forces that are thought to move through the entire universe. Shakti is the concept or personification of divine feminine creative power, sometimes referred to as 'The Great Divine Mother' in Hinduism. As the mother she is known as Adi Parashakti or Adishakti. On the earthly plane, Shakti most actively manifests through female embodiment and creativity/fertility, though it is also present in males in its potential, unmanifest form.

text: In

text: Hinduism

text: Shakti

text: Devanagari

text: from

text: Sanskrit

text: shak

text: to

text: be

text: able

text: also

text: spelled

text: as

text: Sakthi

text: meaning

text: power

text: or

text: empowerment

text: is

text: the

text: primordial

text: cosmic

text: energy

text: and

text: represents

text: the

text: dynamic

text: forces

text: that

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: move

text: through

text: the

text: entire

text: universe

text: Shakti

text: is

text: the

text: concept

text: or

text: personification

text: of

text: divine

text: feminine

text: creative

text: power

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Great

text: Divine

text: Mother

text: in

text: Hinduism

text: As

text: the

text: mother

text: she

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Adi

text: Parashakti

text: or

text: Adishakti

text: On

text: the

text: earthly

text: plane

text: Shakti

text: most

text: actively

text: manifests

text: through

text: female

text: embodiment

text: and

text: creativity

text: fertility

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: present

text: in

text: males

text: in

text: its

text: potential

text: unmanifest

text: form

text: Hinduism is a religion, or a way of life, found most notably in India and Nepal. Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as "", "the eternal law," or the "eternal way," beyond human origins. Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder. This "Hindu synthesis" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).

text: Hinduism

text: is

text: religion

text: or

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: found

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: Nepal

text: Hinduism

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: oldest

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: some

text: practitioners

text: and

text: scholars

text: refer

text: to

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: eternal

text: law

text: or

text: the

text: eternal

text: way

text: beyond

text: human

text: origins

text: Scholars

text: regard

text: Hinduism

text: as

text: fusion

text: or

text: synthesis

text: of

text: various

text: Indian

text: cultures

text: and

text: traditions

text: with

text: diverse

text: roots

text: and

text: no

text: founder

text: This

text: Hindu

text: synthesis

text: started

text: to

text: develop

text: between

text: BCE

text: and

text: CE

text: following

text: the

text: Vedic

text: period

text: BCE

text: to

text: BCE

text: Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism. It has historically been used as a geographical, cultural, rather than a religious identifier for people indigenous to South Asia.

text: Hindu

text: refers

text: to

text: any

text: person

text: who

text: regards

text: themselves

text: as

text: culturally

text: ethnically

text: or

text: religiously

text: adhering

text: to

text: aspects

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: It

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: geographical

text: cultural

text: rather

text: than

text: religious

text: identifier

text: for

text: people

text: indigenous

text: to

text: South

text: Asia

text: South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

text: South

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southern

text: Asia

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: which

text: comprises

text: the

text: sub

text: Himalayan

text: SAARC

text: countries

text: and

text: for

text: some

text: authorities

text: adjoining

text: countries

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: east

text: Topographically

text: it

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Plate

text: which

text: rises

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: as

text: Nepal

text: and

text: northern

text: parts

text: of

text: India

text: situated

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: and

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: South

text: Asia

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: and

text: on

text: land

text: clockwise

text: from

text: west

text: by

text: West

text: Asia

text: Central

text: Asia

text: East

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Shaktism (Sanskrit: "", ; lit., "doctrine of energy, power, the Goddess") is a major tradition of Hinduism, wherein the metaphysical reality is considered feminine and the Devi (goddess) is supreme. It includes a variety of goddesses, all considered aspects of the same supreme goddess. Shaktism has different sub-traditions, ranging from those focussed on gracious Lakshmi to fierce Kali, and some Shakti sub-traditions associate their goddess with Shiva or Vishnu.

text: Shaktism

text: Sanskrit

text: lit

text: doctrine

text: of

text: energy

text: power

text: the

text: Goddess

text: is

text: major

text: tradition

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: wherein

text: the

text: metaphysical

text: reality

text: is

text: considered

text: feminine

text: and

text: the

text: Devi

text: goddess

text: is

text: supreme

text: It

text: includes

text: variety

text: of

text: goddesses

text: all

text: considered

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: supreme

text: goddess

text: Shaktism

text: has

text: different

text: sub

text: traditions

text: ranging

text: from

text: those

text: focussed

text: on

text: gracious

text: Lakshmi

text: to

text: fierce

text: Kali

text: and

text: some

text: Shakti

text: sub

text: traditions

text: associate

text: their

text: goddess

text: with

text: Shiva

text: or

text: Vishnu

question: instance_of nandni mata

answer: devi

text: devi