text: The second part of Snorri Sturluson's "Prose Edda" the Skáldskaparmál ([skaldskaparmal], , "language of poetry"; c. 50,000 words) is effectively a dialogue between Ægir, the Norse god of the sea, and Bragi, the god of poetry, in which both Norse mythology and discourse on the nature of poetry are intertwined. The origin of a number of "kennings" is given; then Bragi delivers a systematic list of "kennings" for various people, places and things. He then goes on to discuss poetic language in some detail, in particular "heiti", the concept of poetical words which are non-periphrastic (like "steed" for "horse"), and again systematises these. This in a way forms an early form of poetic thesaurus.

text: The

text: second

text: part

text: of

text: Snorri

text: Sturluson

text: 's

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: the

text: Skáldskaparmál

text: skaldskaparmal

text: language

text: of

text: poetry

text: words

text: is

text: effectively

text: dialogue

text: between

text: Ægir

text: the

text: Norse

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: and

text: Bragi

text: the

text: god

text: of

text: poetry

text: in

text: which

text: both

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: and

text: discourse

text: on

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: poetry

text: are

text: intertwined

text: The

text: origin

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: kennings

text: is

text: given

text: then

text: Bragi

text: delivers

text: systematic

text: list

text: of

text: kennings

text: for

text: various

text: people

text: places

text: and

text: things

text: He

text: then

text: goes

text: on

text: to

text: discuss

text: poetic

text: language

text: in

text: some

text: detail

text: in

text: particular

text: heiti

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: poetical

text: words

text: which

text: are

text: non

text: periphrastic

text: like

text: steed

text: for

text: horse

text: and

text: again

text: systematises

text: these

text: This

text: in

text: way

text: forms

text: an

text: early

text: form

text: of

text: poetic

text: thesaurus

text: In Norse mythology, the Vanir (singular Vanr) are a group of gods associated with fertility, wisdom, nature, magic, and the ability to see the future. The Vanir are one of two groups of gods (the other being the Æsir) and are the namesake of the location Vanaheimr (Old Norse "Home of the Vanir"). After the ÆsirVanir War, the Vanir became a subgroup of the Æsir. Subsequently, members of the Vanir are sometimes also referred to as members of the Æsir.

text: In

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: the

text: Vanir

text: singular

text: Vanr

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: gods

text: associated

text: with

text: fertility

text: wisdom

text: nature

text: magic

text: and

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: see

text: the

text: future

text: The

text: Vanir

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: groups

text: of

text: gods

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: the

text: Æsir

text: and

text: are

text: the

text: namesake

text: of

text: the

text: location

text: Vanaheimr

text: Old

text: Norse

text: Home

text: of

text: the

text: Vanir

text: After

text: the

text: ÆsirVanir

text: War

text: the

text: Vanir

text: became

text: subgroup

text: of

text: the

text: Æsir

text: Subsequently

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Vanir

text: are

text: sometimes

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Æsir

text: The Prose Edda, also known as the Younger Edda, Snorri's Edda or, historically, simply as Edda, is an Old Norse work of literature written in Iceland in the early 13th century. The work is often assumed to have been written, or at least compiled, by the Icelandic scholar and historian Snorri Sturluson around the year 1220.

text: The

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Younger

text: Edda

text: Snorri

text: 's

text: Edda

text: or

text: historically

text: simply

text: as

text: Edda

text: is

text: an

text: Old

text: Norse

text: work

text: of

text: literature

text: written

text: in

text: Iceland

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: The

text: work

text: is

text: often

text: assumed

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: written

text: or

text: at

text: least

text: compiled

text: by

text: the

text: Icelandic

text: scholar

text: and

text: historian

text: Snorri

text: Sturluson

text: around

text: the

text: year

text: The Viking Age is the period from late 8th century to mid 11th century in European history, especially Northern European and Scandinavian history, following the Germanic Iron Age. It is the period of history when Scandinavian Norsemen explored Europe by its seas and rivers for trade, raids, colonisation and conquest. In this period, the Norsemen settled in Norse Greenland, Newfoundland, and present-day Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway, Scotland, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey. Though Viking travellers and colonists were seen at many points in history as brutal raiders, many historical documents suggest that their invasion of other countries was retaliation in response to the encroachment upon tribal lands by Christian missionaries, and perhaps by the Saxon Wars prosecuted by Charlemagne and his kin to the south, or, were motivated by overpopulation, trade inequities, and the lack of viable farmland in their homeland. Information about the Viking Age is drawn largely from what was written about the Vikings by their enemies, and primary sources of archaeology, supplied with secondary sources like the Icelandic Sagas.

text: The

text: Viking

text: Age

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: late

text: century

text: to

text: mid

text: century

text: in

text: European

text: history

text: especially

text: Northern

text: European

text: and

text: Scandinavian

text: history

text: following

text: the

text: Germanic

text: Iron

text: Age

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: history

text: when

text: Scandinavian

text: Norsemen

text: explored

text: Europe

text: by

text: its

text: seas

text: and

text: rivers

text: for

text: trade

text: raids

text: colonisation

text: and

text: conquest

text: In

text: this

text: period

text: the

text: Norsemen

text: settled

text: in

text: Norse

text: Greenland

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: present

text: day

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: Iceland

text: Norway

text: Scotland

text: England

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Ukraine

text: Russia

text: and

text: Turkey

text: Though

text: Viking

text: travellers

text: and

text: colonists

text: were

text: seen

text: at

text: many

text: points

text: in

text: history

text: as

text: brutal

text: raiders

text: many

text: historical

text: documents

text: suggest

text: that

text: their

text: invasion

text: of

text: other

text: countries

text: was

text: retaliation

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: encroachment

text: upon

text: tribal

text: lands

text: by

text: Christian

text: missionaries

text: and

text: perhaps

text: by

text: the

text: Saxon

text: Wars

text: prosecuted

text: by

text: Charlemagne

text: and

text: his

text: kin

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: or

text: were

text: motivated

text: by

text: overpopulation

text: trade

text: inequities

text: and

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: viable

text: farmland

text: in

text: their

text: homeland

text: Information

text: about

text: the

text: Viking

text: Age

text: is

text: drawn

text: largely

text: from

text: what

text: was

text: written

text: about

text: the

text: Vikings

text: by

text: their

text: enemies

text: and

text: primary

text: sources

text: of

text: archaeology

text: supplied

text: with

text: secondary

text: sources

text: like

text: the

text: Icelandic

text: Sagas

text: A wildfire or wildland fire is a fire in an area of combustible vegetation that occurs in the countryside or rural area. Depending on the type of vegetation where it occurs, a wildfire can also be classified more specifically as a brush fire, bush fire, desert fire, forest fire, grass fire, hill fire, peat fire, vegetation fire, or veld fire. Fossil charcoal indicates that wildfires began soon after the appearance of terrestrial plants 420 million years ago. Wildfires occurrence throughout the history of terrestrial life invites conjecture that fire must have had pronounced evolutionary effects on most ecosystems' flora and fauna. Earth is an intrinsically flammable planet owing to its cover of carbon-rich vegetation, seasonally dry climates, atmospheric oxygen, and widespread lightning and volcano ignitions.

text: wildfire

text: or

text: wildland

text: fire

text: is

text: fire

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: combustible

text: vegetation

text: that

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: countryside

text: or

text: rural

text: area

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: vegetation

text: where

text: it

text: occurs

text: wildfire

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: classified

text: more

text: specifically

text: as

text: brush

text: fire

text: bush

text: fire

text: desert

text: fire

text: forest

text: fire

text: grass

text: fire

text: hill

text: fire

text: peat

text: fire

text: vegetation

text: fire

text: or

text: veld

text: fire

text: Fossil

text: charcoal

text: indicates

text: that

text: wildfires

text: began

text: soon

text: after

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: terrestrial

text: plants

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Wildfires

text: occurrence

text: throughout

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: terrestrial

text: life

text: invites

text: conjecture

text: that

text: fire

text: must

text: have

text: had

text: pronounced

text: evolutionary

text: effects

text: on

text: most

text: ecosystems

text: flora

text: and

text: fauna

text: Earth

text: is

text: an

text: intrinsically

text: flammable

text: planet

text: owing

text: to

text: its

text: cover

text: of

text: carbon

text: rich

text: vegetation

text: seasonally

text: dry

text: climates

text: atmospheric

text: oxygen

text: and

text: widespread

text: lightning

text: and

text: volcano

text: ignitions

text: Snorri Sturluson (1179  23 September 1241) was an Icelandic historian, poet, and politician. He was elected twice as lawspeaker at the Icelandic parliament, the Althing. He was the author of the "Prose Edda" or "Younger Edda", which consists of "Gylfaginning" ("the fooling of Gylfi"), a narrative of Norse mythology, the "Skáldskaparmál", a book of poetic language, and the "Háttatal", a list of verse forms. He was also the author of the "Heimskringla", a history of the Norwegian kings that begins with legendary material in "Ynglinga saga" and moves through to early medieval Scandinavian history. For stylistic and methodological reasons, Snorri is often taken to be the author of "Egil's saga".

text: Snorri

text: Sturluson

text: September

text: was

text: an

text: Icelandic

text: historian

text: poet

text: and

text: politician

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: twice

text: as

text: lawspeaker

text: at

text: the

text: Icelandic

text: parliament

text: the

text: Althing

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: or

text: Younger

text: Edda

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: Gylfaginning

text: the

text: fooling

text: of

text: Gylfi

text: narrative

text: of

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: the

text: Skáldskaparmál

text: book

text: of

text: poetic

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: Háttatal

text: list

text: of

text: verse

text: forms

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: Heimskringla

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: kings

text: that

text: begins

text: with

text: legendary

text: material

text: in

text: Ynglinga

text: saga

text: and

text: moves

text: through

text: to

text: early

text: medieval

text: Scandinavian

text: history

text: For

text: stylistic

text: and

text: methodological

text: reasons

text: Snorri

text: is

text: often

text: taken

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: Egil

text: 's

text: saga

text: In Old Norse, ' (or ', plural "; feminine ', plural ') is the term denoting a member of the principal pantheon in Norse religion. This pantheon includes Odin, Frigg, Thor, Baldr and Týr. The second pantheon comprises the Vanir. In Norse mythology, the two pantheons wage the ÆsirVanir War, which results in a unified pantheon.

text: In

text: Old

text: Norse

text: or

text: plural

text: feminine

text: plural

text: is

text: the

text: term

text: denoting

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: principal

text: pantheon

text: in

text: Norse

text: religion

text: This

text: pantheon

text: includes

text: Odin

text: Frigg

text: Thor

text: Baldr

text: and

text: Týr

text: The

text: second

text: pantheon

text: comprises

text: the

text: Vanir

text: In

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: the

text: two

text: pantheons

text: wage

text: the

text: ÆsirVanir

text: War

text: which

text: results

text: in

text: unified

text: pantheon

text: Haustlöng (Old Norse "autumn-long") is a skaldic poem composed around the beginning of the 10th century. The poem is preserved in the 13th century "Prose Edda", which quotes two groups of stanzas from it, and is attributed to the Norwegian skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir. The poem describes mythological scenes painted on a shield given to the poet. In the stanzas that have come down to us two such scenes are described:

text: Haustlöng

text: Old

text: Norse

text: autumn

text: long

text: is

text: skaldic

text: poem

text: composed

text: around

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: poem

text: is

text: preserved

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: which

text: quotes

text: two

text: groups

text: of

text: stanzas

text: from

text: it

text: and

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: skald

text: Þjóðólfr

text: of

text: Hvinir

text: The

text: poem

text: describes

text: mythological

text: scenes

text: painted

text: on

text: shield

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: poet

text: In

text: the

text: stanzas

text: that

text: have

text: come

text: down

text: to

text: us

text: two

text: such

text: scenes

text: are

text: described

text: A patronym, or patronymic, is a component of a personal name based on the given name of one's father, grandfather (i.e., an avonymic), or an even earlier male ancestor. A component of a name based on the name of one's mother or a female ancestor is a matronymic. Each is a means of conveying lineage. In such instances, a person is usually referred to by their given name, rather than their patronymic.

text: patronym

text: or

text: patronymic

text: is

text: component

text: of

text: personal

text: name

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: given

text: name

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: father

text: grandfather

text: i.e.

text: an

text: avonymic

text: or

text: an

text: even

text: earlier

text: male

text: ancestor

text: component

text: of

text: name

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: mother

text: or

text: female

text: ancestor

text: is

text: matronymic

text: Each

text: is

text: means

text: of

text: conveying

text: lineage

text: In

text: such

text: instances

text: person

text: is

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: their

text: given

text: name

text: rather

text: than

text: their

text: patronymic

text: Jötunheimr (or Jtunheimr; often anglicized as Jotunheim) is the homeland of the Jötnar, the giants in Norse mythology.

text: Jötunheimr

text: or

text: Jtunheimr

text: often

text: anglicized

text: as

text: Jotunheim

text: is

text: the

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: Jötnar

text: the

text: giants

text: in

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: Laufey or Nál is a figure from Norse mythology, the mother of Loki and consort of Fárbauti. Eddic poetry refers to Loki by the matronym "Loki Laufeyjarson" (Old Norse 'Loki Laufey's son') rather than with a patronymic.

text: Laufey

text: or

text: Nál

text: is

text: figure

text: from

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: Loki

text: and

text: consort

text: of

text: Fárbauti

text: Eddic

text: poetry

text: refers

text: to

text: Loki

text: by

text: the

text: matronym

text: Loki

text: Laufeyjarson

text: Old

text: Norse

text: Loki

text: Laufey

text: 's

text: son

text: rather

text: than

text: with

text: patronymic

text: "Edda" (Old Norse "Edda", plural "Eddur") is an Old Norse term that has been attributed by modern scholars to the collective of two Medieval Icelandic literary works: what is now known as the "Prose Edda" and an older collection of poems without an original title now known as the "Poetic Edda". The term historically referred only to the "Prose Edda", but this sense has fallen out of use because of the confusion with the other work. Both works were written down in Iceland during the 13th century in Icelandic, although they contain material from earlier traditional sources, reaching into the Viking Age. The books are the main sources of medieval skaldic tradition in Iceland and Norse mythology.

text: Edda

text: Old

text: Norse

text: Edda

text: plural

text: Eddur

text: is

text: an

text: Old

text: Norse

text: term

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: attributed

text: by

text: modern

text: scholars

text: to

text: the

text: collective

text: of

text: two

text: Medieval

text: Icelandic

text: literary

text: works

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: and

text: an

text: older

text: collection

text: of

text: poems

text: without

text: an

text: original

text: title

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Poetic

text: Edda

text: The

text: term

text: historically

text: referred

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: but

text: this

text: sense

text: has

text: fallen

text: out

text: of

text: use

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: confusion

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: work

text: Both

text: works

text: were

text: written

text: down

text: in

text: Iceland

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Icelandic

text: although

text: they

text: contain

text: material

text: from

text: earlier

text: traditional

text: sources

text: reaching

text: into

text: the

text: Viking

text: Age

text: The

text: books

text: are

text: the

text: main

text: sources

text: of

text: medieval

text: skaldic

text: tradition

text: in

text: Iceland

text: and

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: Gylfaginning ([glvagng] either "Tricking of Gylfi" or "Gylfi's empowerment"; c. 20,000 words), is the first part of Snorri Sturluson's "Prose Edda" after Prologue. The "Gylfaginning" deals with the creation and destruction of the world of the Norse gods, and many other aspects of Norse mythology. The second part of the Prose Edda is called the "Skáldskaparmál" and the third "Háttatal".

text: Gylfaginning

text: glvagng

text: either

text: Tricking

text: of

text: Gylfi

text: or

text: Gylfi

text: 's

text: empowerment

text: words

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: Snorri

text: Sturluson

text: 's

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: after

text: Prologue

text: The

text: Gylfaginning

text: deals

text: with

text: the

text: creation

text: and

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: of

text: the

text: Norse

text: gods

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: The

text: second

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: Skáldskaparmál

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: Háttatal

text: Poetic Edda is the modern attribution for an unnamed collection of Old Norse anonymous poems, which is different from the Edda, written by Snorri Sturluson. Several versions exist, all consisting primarily of text from the Icelandic mediaeval manuscript known as the "Codex Regius". The "Codex Regius" is arguably the most important extant source on Norse mythology and Germanic heroic legends, and from the early 19th century onwards, it has had a powerful influence on later Scandinavian literatures, not merely by the stories it contains but also by the visionary force and dramatic quality of many of the poems. It has also become an inspiring model for many later innovations in poetic meter, particularly in Nordic languages, offering many varied examples of terse, stress-based metrical schemes working without any final rhyme by instead using alliterative devices and strongly-concentrated imagery. Poets who have acknowledged their debt to the Codex Regius include Vilhelm Ekelund, August Strindberg, J.R.R. Tolkien, Ezra Pound, Jorge Luis Borges, and Karin Boye.

text: Poetic

text: Edda

text: is

text: the

text: modern

text: attribution

text: for

text: an

text: unnamed

text: collection

text: of

text: Old

text: Norse

text: anonymous

text: poems

text: which

text: is

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: Edda

text: written

text: by

text: Snorri

text: Sturluson

text: Several

text: versions

text: exist

text: all

text: consisting

text: primarily

text: of

text: text

text: from

text: the

text: Icelandic

text: mediaeval

text: manuscript

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Codex

text: Regius

text: The

text: Codex

text: Regius

text: is

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: extant

text: source

text: on

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: and

text: Germanic

text: heroic

text: legends

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: onwards

text: it

text: has

text: had

text: powerful

text: influence

text: on

text: later

text: Scandinavian

text: literatures

text: not

text: merely

text: by

text: the

text: stories

text: it

text: contains

text: but

text: also

text: by

text: the

text: visionary

text: force

text: and

text: dramatic

text: quality

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: poems

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: become

text: an

text: inspiring

text: model

text: for

text: many

text: later

text: innovations

text: in

text: poetic

text: meter

text: particularly

text: in

text: Nordic

text: languages

text: offering

text: many

text: varied

text: examples

text: of

text: terse

text: stress

text: based

text: metrical

text: schemes

text: working

text: without

text: any

text: final

text: rhyme

text: by

text: instead

text: using

text: alliterative

text: devices

text: and

text: strongly

text: concentrated

text: imagery

text: Poets

text: who

text: have

text: acknowledged

text: their

text: debt

text: to

text: the

text: Codex

text: Regius

text: include

text: Vilhelm

text: Ekelund

text: August

text: Strindberg

text: J.R.R.

text: Tolkien

text: Ezra

text: Pound

text: Jorge

text: Luis

text: Borges

text: and

text: Karin

text: Boye

text: The jötunn (anglicized jotunn or jotun, plural jötnar , or ; Old Norse jtunn , Icelandic jötunn ; often glossed as "giant" or "ettin") are a mythological race that live in Jötunheimr, one of the nine worlds of Norse cosmology. They were banished there by the Æsir who refused them entry to their world, Asgard. The Jötnar can be seen throughout Norse mythology. They frequently interact with the Æsir, as well as the Vanir. They are usually in opposition to, or in competition with them, but also interact with them in a non-hostile manner. Some Jötnar even intermarry with the Æsir and Vanir, and many are named as parents or grandparents of Æsir such as Thor and Odin. This very complex relationship between these two comparable races develops most notably in the Prose Edda and the Poetic Edda, ultimately making it difficult to distinguish them from the more familiar Norse gods.

text: The

text: jötunn

text: anglicized

text: jotunn

text: or

text: jotun

text: plural

text: jötnar

text: or

text: Old

text: Norse

text: jtunn

text: Icelandic

text: jötunn

text: often

text: glossed

text: as

text: giant

text: or

text: ettin

text: are

text: mythological

text: race

text: that

text: live

text: in

text: Jötunheimr

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: worlds

text: of

text: Norse

text: cosmology

text: They

text: were

text: banished

text: there

text: by

text: the

text: Æsir

text: who

text: refused

text: them

text: entry

text: to

text: their

text: world

text: Asgard

text: The

text: Jötnar

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: throughout

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: They

text: frequently

text: interact

text: with

text: the

text: Æsir

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Vanir

text: They

text: are

text: usually

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: or

text: in

text: competition

text: with

text: them

text: but

text: also

text: interact

text: with

text: them

text: in

text: non

text: hostile

text: manner

text: Some

text: Jötnar

text: even

text: intermarry

text: with

text: the

text: Æsir

text: and

text: Vanir

text: and

text: many

text: are

text: named

text: as

text: parents

text: or

text: grandparents

text: of

text: Æsir

text: such

text: as

text: Thor

text: and

text: Odin

text: This

text: very

text: complex

text: relationship

text: between

text: these

text: two

text: comparable

text: races

text: develops

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: the

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: and

text: the

text: Poetic

text: Edda

text: ultimately

text: making

text: it

text: difficult

text: to

text: distinguish

text: them

text: from

text: the

text: more

text: familiar

text: Norse

text: gods

text: In Germanic mythology, Odin (from Old Norse Óðinn) is a widely revered god. In Norse mythology, from which stems most of the information about the god, Odin is associated with healing, death, royalty, the gallows, knowledge, battle, sorcery, poetry, frenzy, and the runic alphabet, and is the husband of the goddess Frigg. In wider Germanic mythology and paganism, Odin was known in Old English as Wden, in Old Saxon as Wdan, and in Old High German as Wuotan or Wtan, all stemming from the reconstructed Proto-Germanic theonym wanaz.

text: In

text: Germanic

text: mythology

text: Odin

text: from

text: Old

text: Norse

text: Óðinn

text: is

text: widely

text: revered

text: god

text: In

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: from

text: which

text: stems

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: god

text: Odin

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: healing

text: death

text: royalty

text: the

text: gallows

text: knowledge

text: battle

text: sorcery

text: poetry

text: frenzy

text: and

text: the

text: runic

text: alphabet

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: husband

text: of

text: the

text: goddess

text: Frigg

text: In

text: wider

text: Germanic

text: mythology

text: and

text: paganism

text: Odin

text: was

text: known

text: in

text: Old

text: English

text: as

text: Wden

text: in

text: Old

text: Saxon

text: as

text: Wdan

text: and

text: in

text: Old

text: High

text: German

text: as

text: Wuotan

text: or

text: Wtan

text: all

text: stemming

text: from

text: the

text: reconstructed

text: Proto

text: Germanic

text: theonym

text: wanaz

text: Mythology refers variously to the collected myths of a group of people or to the study of such myths. Myths are the stories people tell to explain nature, history and customs.

text: Mythology

text: refers

text: variously

text: to

text: the

text: collected

text: myths

text: of

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: or

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: such

text: myths

text: Myths

text: are

text: the

text: stories

text: people

text: tell

text: to

text: explain

text: nature

text: history

text: and

text: customs

text: In Norse religion, Asgard ("Enclosure of the Æsir") is one of the Nine Worlds and home to the Æsir tribe of gods. It is surrounded by an incomplete wall attributed to a Hrimthurs riding the stallion Svaðilfari, according to "Gylfaginning". Odin and his wife, Frigg, are the rulers of Asgard.

text: In

text: Norse

text: religion

text: Asgard

text: Enclosure

text: of

text: the

text: Æsir

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Nine

text: Worlds

text: and

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Æsir

text: tribe

text: of

text: gods

text: It

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: an

text: incomplete

text: wall

text: attributed

text: to

text: Hrimthurs

text: riding

text: the

text: stallion

text: Svaðilfari

text: according

text: to

text: Gylfaginning

text: Odin

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Frigg

text: are

text: the

text: rulers

text: of

text: Asgard

text: In Germanic mythology, Frigg (Old Norse), Frija (Old High German), Frea (Langobardic), and Frige (Old English) is a goddess. In nearly all sources, she is described as the wife of the god Odin. In Old High German and Old Norse sources, she is also connected with the goddess Fulla. The English weekday name Friday (etymologically Old English "Frge's day") bears her name.

text: In

text: Germanic

text: mythology

text: Frigg

text: Old

text: Norse

text: Frija

text: Old

text: High

text: German

text: Frea

text: Langobardic

text: and

text: Frige

text: Old

text: English

text: is

text: goddess

text: In

text: nearly

text: all

text: sources

text: she

text: is

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: the

text: god

text: Odin

text: In

text: Old

text: High

text: German

text: and

text: Old

text: Norse

text: sources

text: she

text: is

text: also

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: goddess

text: Fulla

text: The

text: English

text: weekday

text: name

text: Friday

text: etymologically

text: Old

text: English

text: Frge

text: 's

text: day

text: bears

text: her

text: name

text: Norse mythology is the body of mythology of the North Germanic people stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia and into the Scandinavian folklore of the modern period. The northernmost extension of Germanic mythology, Norse mythology consists of tales of various deities, beings, and heroes derived from numerous sources from both before and after the pagan period, including medieval manuscripts, archaeological representations, and folk tradition.

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: mythology

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Germanic

text: people

text: stemming

text: from

text: Norse

text: paganism

text: and

text: continuing

text: after

text: the

text: Christianization

text: of

text: Scandinavia

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: folklore

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: northernmost

text: extension

text: of

text: Germanic

text: mythology

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: consists

text: of

text: tales

text: of

text: various

text: deities

text: beings

text: and

text: heroes

text: derived

text: from

text: numerous

text: sources

text: from

text: both

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: pagan

text: period

text: including

text: medieval

text: manuscripts

text: archaeological

text: representations

text: and

text: folk

text: tradition

text:
In Norse mythology, Fárbauti (Old Norse: "cruel striker") is the jötunn husband of Laufey or Nál and the father of Loki, and possibly also of Helblindi and Byleistr. He is attested in the "Prose Edda", written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, and in the poetry of Viking Age skalds. Fárbauti's name and character are thought to have been inspired by the observation of the natural phenomena surrounding the appearance of wildfire.
In the "Prose Edda" book "Gylfaginning", the enthroned figure of High says Loki is the son of the jötunn Fárbauti and that "Laufey or Nál is his mother". In "Skáldskaparmál", Fárbauti receives another three mentions. In chapter 16, "Lokakenningar" or "ways of referring to Loki" are provided, one of which reads "son of Fárbauti and Laufey, or Nál". In chapter 17, a work by the 10th century skald Úlfr Uggason is quoted referring to Loki as "Fárbauti's terribly sly son". In chapter 22, Fárbauti is referenced in the "Haustlöng" of 10th century skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir, where Loki is referred to as "Fárbauti's son".

text: In

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: Fárbauti

text: Old

text: Norse

text: cruel

text: striker

text: is

text: the

text: jötunn

text: husband

text: of

text: Laufey

text: or

text: Nál

text: and

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: Loki

text: and

text: possibly

text: also

text: of

text: Helblindi

text: and

text: Byleistr

text: He

text: is

text: attested

text: in

text: the

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: Snorri

text: Sturluson

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: poetry

text: of

text: Viking

text: Age

text: skalds

text: Fárbauti

text: 's

text: name

text: and

text: character

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: inspired

text: by

text: the

text: observation

text: of

text: the

text: natural

text: phenomena

text: surrounding

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: wildfire

text: In

text: the

text: Prose

text: Edda

text: book

text: Gylfaginning

text: the

text: enthroned

text: figure

text: of

text: High

text: says

text: Loki

text: is

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: jötunn

text: Fárbauti

text: and

text: that

text: Laufey

text: or

text: Nál

text: is

text: his

text: mother

text: In

text: Skáldskaparmál

text: Fárbauti

text: receives

text: another

text: three

text: mentions

text: In

text: chapter

text: Lokakenningar

text: or

text: ways

text: of

text: referring

text: to

text: Loki

text: are

text: provided

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: reads

text: son

text: of

text: Fárbauti

text: and

text: Laufey

text: or

text: Nál

text: In

text: chapter

text: work

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: skald

text: Úlfr

text: Uggason

text: is

text: quoted

text: referring

text: to

text: Loki

text: as

text: Fárbauti

text: 's

text: terribly

text: sly

text: son

text: In

text: chapter

text: Fárbauti

text: is

text: referenced

text: in

text: the

text: Haustlöng

text: of

text: century

text: skald

text: Þjóðólfr

text: of

text: Hvinir

text: where

text: Loki

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Fárbauti

text: 's

text: son

text: Germanic mythology consists of the body of myths native to the Germanic peoples. Commonly featuring narratives focused on Germanic deities and a large variety of other entities, Germanic mythology dates from the Proto-Germanic period and reaches beyond the Christianization of the Germanic peoples and into modern Germanic folklore. Germanic mythology includes Norse mythology, Anglo-Saxon mythology, and Continental Germanic mythology.

text: Germanic

text: mythology

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: myths

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: Germanic

text: peoples

text: Commonly

text: featuring

text: narratives

text: focused

text: on

text: Germanic

text: deities

text: and

text: large

text: variety

text: of

text: other

text: entities

text: Germanic

text: mythology

text: dates

text: from

text: the

text: Proto

text: Germanic

text: period

text: and

text: reaches

text: beyond

text: the

text: Christianization

text: of

text: the

text: Germanic

text: peoples

text: and

text: into

text: modern

text: Germanic

text: folklore

text: Germanic

text: mythology

text: includes

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: mythology

text: and

text: Continental

text: Germanic

text: mythology

text: In Norse mythology , Helblindi ( `` Hel - blinder '' or `` All - blind '' ) is a jötunn , brother of Loki and Býleistr and possibly son of Fárbauti ( `` cruel - striker '' ) and his wife Laufey . Helblindi is also a heiti used to describe Odin . Though not directly attested in any original source , scholars have considered Helblindi to be a son of Fárbauti . However , their exact role in the ancient mythic complex surrounding Loki 's family remains unclear .

text: In

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: Helblindi

text: Hel

text: blinder

text: or

text: All

text: blind

text: is

text: jötunn

text: brother

text: of

text: Loki

text: and

text: Býleistr

text: and

text: possibly

text: son

text: of

text: Fárbauti

text: cruel

text: striker

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Laufey

text: Helblindi

text: is

text: also

text: heiti

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: Odin

text: Though

text: not

text: directly

text: attested

text: in

text: any

text: original

text: source

text: scholars

text: have

text: considered

text: Helblindi

text: to

text: be

text: son

text: of

text: Fárbauti

text: However

text: their

text: exact

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: ancient

text: mythic

text: complex

text: surrounding

text: Loki

text: 's

text: family

text: remains

text: unclear

question: member_of helblindi

answer: jötnar

text: jötnar

text: jötnar

text: jötnar

text: jötnar


text: Essen (Latin: "Assindia") is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Its population of approximately 589,000 makes it the ninth-largest city in Germany. It is the central city of the northern (Ruhr) part of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area and seat to several of the region's authorities.

text: Essen

text: Latin

text: Assindia

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: Germany

text: Its

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: Ruhr

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: Ruhr

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: and

text: seat

text: to

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: authorities

text: Bochum (Westphalian: "Baukem") is a city in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and part of the Arnsberg region. It is located in the Ruhr area and is surrounded by the cities (in clockwise direction) of Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten, Hattingen, Essen and Gelsenkirchen. With a population of nearly 365,000, it is the 16th most populous city in Germany.

text: Bochum

text: Westphalian

text: Baukem

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: Germany

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Arnsberg

text: region

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Ruhr

text: area

text: and

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: cities

text: in

text: clockwise

text: direction

text: of

text: Herne

text: Castrop

text: Rauxel

text: Dortmund

text: Witten

text: Hattingen

text: Essen

text: and

text: Gelsenkirchen

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: nearly

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: Dortmund  is an independent city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is in the middle part of the state and is considered to be the administrative, commercial and cultural centre of the eastern Ruhr area. Its population of 581,612 (2015) makes it the 8th largest city in Germany. Moreover, Dortmund is the largest city by area and population in the Ruhr Area, an urban area with some 5.1 million (2011) inhabitants which is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany.

text: Dortmund

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: city

text: in

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: administrative

text: commercial

text: and

text: cultural

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Ruhr

text: area

text: Its

text: population

text: of

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: Moreover

text: Dortmund

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: Ruhr

text: Area

text: an

text: urban

text: area

text: with

text: some

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: in

text: Germany

text: The Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region is the largest metropolitan region in Germany with over 11 million inhabitants. It is of polycentric nature and the only megacity in Germany. It covers an area of 7,110 square kilometers and lies entirely within the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region spreads from Dortmund-Bochum-Essen-Duisburg (Ruhr Area) in the north, to the urban areas of the cities of Mönchengladbach, Düsseldorf (the state capital), Wuppertal, Leverkusen, Cologne (the region's largest and Germany's fourth largest city), and Bonn in the south. The location of the Rhine-Ruhr at the heart of the European blue banana makes it well connected to other major European cities and metropolitan areas like the Randstad, the Flemish Diamond and the Frankfurt Rhine Main Region.

text: The

text: Rhine

text: Ruhr

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: in

text: Germany

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: It

text: is

text: of

text: polycentric

text: nature

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: megacity

text: in

text: Germany

text: It

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometers

text: and

text: lies

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: federal

text: state

text: of

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: The

text: Rhine

text: Ruhr

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: spreads

text: from

text: Dortmund

text: Bochum

text: Essen

text: Duisburg

text: Ruhr

text: Area

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: urban

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Mönchengladbach

text: Düsseldorf

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Wuppertal

text: Leverkusen

text: Cologne

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: Germany

text: 's

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: Bonn

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: Ruhr

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: blue

text: banana

text: makes

text: it

text: well

text: connected

text: to

text: other

text: major

text: European

text: cities

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: like

text: the

text: Randstad

text: the

text: Flemish

text: Diamond

text: and

text: the

text: Frankfurt

text: Rhine

text: Main

text: Region

text: Gelsenkirchen is a city in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany. It is located in the northern part of the Ruhr area. Its population in 2015 was c. 260,000.

text: Gelsenkirchen

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Ruhr

text: area

text: Its

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: Castrop-Rauxel is a former mining city in the eastern part of the Ruhr Area in Germany.

text: Castrop

text: Rauxel

text: is

text: former

text: mining

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Ruhr

text: Area

text: in

text: Germany

text: The Ruhr, or the Ruhr district, Ruhr region, Ruhr area or Ruhr valley, is a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With a population density of 2,800/km² and a population of eight and a half million, it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany, and third-largest in the European Union. It consists of several large, industrial cities bordered by the rivers Ruhr to the south, Rhine to the west, and Lippe to the north. In the southwest it borders the Bergisches Land. It is considered part of the larger Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region of more than 12 million people, which is among the largest in Europe.

text: The

text: Ruhr

text: or

text: the

text: Ruhr

text: district

text: Ruhr

text: region

text: Ruhr

text: area

text: or

text: Ruhr

text: valley

text: is

text: polycentric

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: Germany

text: With

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: eight

text: and

text: half

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: several

text: large

text: industrial

text: cities

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: rivers

text: Ruhr

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Lippe

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: In

text: the

text: southwest

text: it

text: borders

text: the

text: Bergisches

text: Land

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: Rhine

text: Ruhr

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: which

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: Gas Chambers is a fast, hollow and shallow point break type of wave. Being that it is a high performance wave it is well suited for the average to pro level surfer. Gas Chambers is located on the North Shore of Oahu about a 1/4 of a mile north of Ehukai Beach Park and 1/2 a mile west of Sunset Beach Park. The easiest way to get there is to start at Ehukai Beach Park and walk north taking the 2nd public right of way to the beach.

text: Gas

text: Chambers

text: is

text: fast

text: hollow

text: and

text: shallow

text: point

text: break

text: type

text: of

text: wave

text: Being

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: high

text: performance

text: wave

text: it

text: is

text: well

text: suited

text: for

text: the

text: average

text: to

text: pro

text: level

text: surfer

text: Gas

text: Chambers

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Shore

text: of

text: Oahu

text: about

text: of

text: mile

text: north

text: of

text: Ehukai

text: Beach

text: Park

text: and

text: mile

text: west

text: of

text: Sunset

text: Beach

text: Park

text: The

text: easiest

text: way

text: to

text: get

text: there

text: is

text: to

text: start

text: at

text: Ehukai

text: Beach

text: Park

text: and

text: walk

text: north

text: taking

text: the

text: public

text: right

text: of

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: beach

text: Witten is a university city in the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis (district) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is the home of the Witten/Herdecke University, the first private university in Germany.

text: Witten

text: is

text: university

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Ennepe

text: Ruhr

text: Kreis

text: district

text: in

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Witten

text: Herdecke

text: University

text: the

text: first

text: private

text: university

text: in

text: Germany

text: Oahu or Oahu , known as "The Gathering Place", is the third largest of the Hawaiian Islands. It is home to about two-thirds of the population of the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state capital, Honolulu, is on Oahu's southeast coast. Including small close-in offshore islands such as Ford Island and the islands in Kneohe Bay and off the eastern (windward) coast, it has a total land area of , making it the 20th largest island in the United States. Along with the rest of the Hawaiian Islands, Oahu is one of the largest and northernmost islands of Polynesia.

text: Oahu

text: or

text: Oahu

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Gathering

text: Place

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

text: It

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: about

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: Honolulu

text: is

text: on

text: Oahu

text: 's

text: southeast

text: coast

text: Including

text: small

text: close

text: in

text: offshore

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: Ford

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: islands

text: in

text: Kneohe

text: Bay

text: and

text: off

text: the

text: eastern

text: windward

text: coast

text: it

text: has

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

text: Oahu

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: northernmost

text: islands

text: of

text: Polynesia

text: Hattingen is a town in the northern part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

text: Hattingen

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Ennepe

text: Ruhr

text: Kreis

text: district

text: in

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: Germany

text: North Rhine-Westphalia (, commonly shortened to NRW) is the most populous state of Germany, with a population of approximately 18 million, and the fourth largest by area. Its capital is Düsseldorf; the most populous city is Cologne. Four of Germany's ten largest citiesCologne, Düsseldorf, Dortmund, and Essenare located within the state, as well as the largest metropolitan area on the European continent, Rhine-Ruhr.

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: commonly

text: shortened

text: to

text: NRW

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: by

text: area

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Düsseldorf

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Cologne

text: Four

text: of

text: Germany

text: 's

text: ten

text: largest

text: citiesCologne

text: Düsseldorf

text: Dortmund

text: and

text: Essenare

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: Rhine

text: Ruhr

text: Friedrich Panse ( born December 31 , 1899 in Essen -- died 6 December 1973 in Bochum ) was a German psychiatrist who was involved with the Nazi T - 4 Euthanasia Program . He was an advisor who `` expertly guided '' patients into gas chambers .

text: Friedrich

text: Panse

text: born

text: December

text: in

text: Essen

text: died

text: December

text: in

text: Bochum

text: was

text: German

text: psychiatrist

text: who

text: was

text: involved

text: with

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Euthanasia

text: Program

text: He

text: was

text: an

text: advisor

text: who

text: expertly

text: guided

text: patients

text: into

text: gas

text: chambers

annotations: follows multiple

question: work_location friedrich panse

answer: düsseldorf

text: düsseldorf

text: düsseldorf

text: düsseldorf

text: düsseldorf


text: Mark Goodson (January 14, 1915  December 18, 1992) was an American television producer who specialized in game shows, most frequently with his business partner Bill Todman, with whom he created Goodson-Todman Productions

text: Mark

text: Goodson

text: January

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: producer

text: who

text: specialized

text: in

text: game

text: shows

text: most

text: frequently

text: with

text: his

text: business

text: partner

text: Bill

text: Todman

text: with

text: whom

text: he

text: created

text: Goodson

text: Todman

text: Productions

text: Celebrity Family Feud is a spin - off of the American game show Family Feud . Similarly to the primetime All - Star Specials featured during the late 1970s and early 1980s , the episodes feature teams of celebrities playing for charity rather than normal contestants . The first incarnation of the spin - off was broadcast in 2008 by NBC as part of a block of summer reality series it branded as All - American Summer . Instead of the host of the syndicated version at the time , John O'Hurley , the NBC celebrity version was hosted by Al Roker of the Today Show . It was played between five - player teams composed of a celebrity captain and four friends and / or relatives , with a $ 50,000 top prize to be donated to the charity of the winning team 's choice . On April 9 , 2015 , ABC announced that it would air a new six - episode run of Celebrity Family Feud for its summer lineup , which premiered on June 21 , 2015 . It was hosted by Steve Harvey , the current host of the syndicated version of Family Feud.It marked the first time that any version of Family Feud has aired on ABC since the end of the original Richard Dawson version in June 1985 . Unlike the current syndicated version of Feud , taped at the Atlanta Civic Center , this version was produced at CBS Television City . On January 9 , 2016 , ABC renewed Celebrity Family Feud for a second season .

text: Celebrity

text: Family

text: Feud

text: is

text: spin

text: off

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: game

text: show

text: Family

text: Feud

text: Similarly

text: to

text: the

text: primetime

text: All

text: Star

text: Specials

text: featured

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: the

text: episodes

text: feature

text: teams

text: of

text: celebrities

text: playing

text: for

text: charity

text: rather

text: than

text: normal

text: contestants

text: The

text: first

text: incarnation

text: of

text: the

text: spin

text: off

text: was

text: broadcast

text: in

text: by

text: NBC

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: block

text: of

text: summer

text: reality

text: series

text: it

text: branded

text: as

text: All

text: American

text: Summer

text: Instead

text: of

text: the

text: host

text: of

text: the

text: syndicated

text: version

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: John

text: O'Hurley

text: the

text: NBC

text: celebrity

text: version

text: was

text: hosted

text: by

text: Al

text: Roker

text: of

text: the

text: Today

text: Show

text: It

text: was

text: played

text: between

text: five

text: player

text: teams

text: composed

text: of

text: celebrity

text: captain

text: and

text: four

text: friends

text: and

text: or

text: relatives

text: with

text: top

text: prize

text: to

text: be

text: donated

text: to

text: the

text: charity

text: of

text: the

text: winning

text: team

text: 's

text: choice

text: On

text: April

text: ABC

text: announced

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: air

text: new

text: six

text: episode

text: run

text: of

text: Celebrity

text: Family

text: Feud

text: for

text: its

text: summer

text: lineup

text: which

text: premiered

text: on

text: June

text: It

text: was

text: hosted

text: by

text: Steve

text: Harvey

text: the

text: current

text: host

text: of

text: the

text: syndicated

text: version

text: of

text: Family

text: Feud

text: It

text: marked

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: that

text: any

text: version

text: of

text: Family

text: Feud

text: has

text: aired

text: on

text: ABC

text: since

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: Richard

text: Dawson

text: version

text: in

text: June

text: Unlike

text: the

text: current

text: syndicated

text: version

text: of

text: Feud

text: taped

text: at

text: the

text: Atlanta

text: Civic

text: Center

text: this

text: version

text: was

text: produced

text: at

text: CBS

text: Television

text: City

text: On

text: January

text: ABC

text: renewed

text: Celebrity

text: Family

text: Feud

text: for

text: second

text: season

text: Family Feud is an American television game show created by Mark Goodson where two families compete to name the most popular responses to survey questions in order to win cash and prizes. It is considered a spin-off of "Match Game", whose panel included original host Richard Dawson.

text: Family

text: Feud

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: game

text: show

text: created

text: by

text: Mark

text: Goodson

text: where

text: two

text: families

text: compete

text: to

text: name

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: responses

text: to

text: survey

text: questions

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: win

text: cash

text: and

text: prizes

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: spin

text: off

text: of

text: Match

text: Game

text: whose

text: panel

text: included

text: original

text: host

text: Richard

text: Dawson

text: Match Game is an American television panel game show that premiered on NBC in 1962 and was revived several times over the course of the next few decades. The game featured contestants trying to come up with answers to fill-in-the-blank questions, with the object being to match answers given by celebrity panelists.

text: Match

text: Game

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: panel

text: game

text: show

text: that

text: premiered

text: on

text: NBC

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: revived

text: several

text: times

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: few

text: decades

text: The

text: game

text: featured

text: contestants

text: trying

text: to

text: come

text: up

text: with

text: answers

text: to

text: fill

text: in

text: the

text: blank

text: questions

text: with

text: the

text: object

text: being

text: to

text: match

text: answers

text: given

text: by

text: celebrity

text: panelists

annotations: likely multiple

question: creator celebrity family feud

answer: mark goodson

text: mark goodson

text: mark goodson