text: A girl group is a music act featuring several female singers who generally harmonize together. The term "girl group" is also used in a narrower sense in the United States of America to denote the wave of American female pop music singing groups, many of whom were influenced by doo-wop, and which flourished in the late 1950s and early 1960s between the decline of early rock and roll and start of the British Invasion.

text: girl

text: group

text: is

text: music

text: act

text: featuring

text: several

text: female

text: singers

text: who

text: generally

text: harmonize

text: together

text: The

text: term

text: girl

text: group

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: narrower

text: sense

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: to

text: denote

text: the

text: wave

text: of

text: American

text: female

text: pop

text: music

text: singing

text: groups

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: influenced

text: by

text: doo

text: wop

text: and

text: which

text: flourished

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: between

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: early

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: and

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Invasion

text: The Bronx is the northernmost of the five boroughs of New York City, within the U.S. state of New York. It is geographically south of Westchester County; north and east of the island and borough of Manhattan to the south and west across the Harlem River; and north of the borough of Queens, across the East River. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one that has the majority of its area on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of and a population of 1,455,444 in 2015, has the fourth-largest land area, the fourth-highest population, and the third-highest population density. Since 1914, the Bronx has had the same boundaries as Bronx County, a county of New York and the third most densely populated county in the United States.

text: The

text: Bronx

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: boroughs

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: within

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: It

text: is

text: geographically

text: south

text: of

text: Westchester

text: County

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: borough

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: across

text: the

text: Harlem

text: River

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: borough

text: of

text: Queens

text: across

text: the

text: East

text: River

text: Of

text: the

text: five

text: boroughs

text: the

text: Bronx

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: that

text: has

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: area

text: on

text: the

text: U.S.

text: mainland

text: and

text: with

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: has

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: land

text: area

text: the

text: fourth

text: highest

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: population

text: density

text: Since

text: the

text: Bronx

text: has

text: had

text: the

text: same

text: boundaries

text: as

text: Bronx

text: County

text: county

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Doo-wop is a genre of music that was developed in African-Americans communities of New York City, Philadelphia, Chicago, Baltimore, Newark, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Detroit, Washington, D.C. and Los Angeles in the 1940s, achieving mainstream popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s. Built upon vocal harmony, doo-wop was one of the most mainstream, pop-oriented R&B styles of the time. Singer Bill Kenny (19141978) is often called the "Godfather of Doo-wop" for his introducing the "top and bottom" format which featured a high tenor singing the lead and a bass singer reciting the lyrics in the middle of the song. Doo-wop features vocal group harmony, nonsense syllables, a simple beat, sometimes little or no instrumentation, and simple music and lyrics.

text: Doo

text: wop

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: music

text: that

text: was

text: developed

text: in

text: African

text: Americans

text: communities

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Philadelphia

text: Chicago

text: Baltimore

text: Newark

text: Pittsburgh

text: Cincinnati

text: Detroit

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: and

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: in

text: the

text: achieving

text: mainstream

text: popularity

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: Built

text: upon

text: vocal

text: harmony

text: doo

text: wop

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: mainstream

text: pop

text: oriented

text: R&B

text: styles

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: Singer

text: Bill

text: Kenny

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: the

text: Godfather

text: of

text: Doo

text: wop

text: for

text: his

text: introducing

text: the

text: top

text: and

text: bottom

text: format

text: which

text: featured

text: high

text: tenor

text: singing

text: the

text: lead

text: and

text: bass

text: singer

text: reciting

text: the

text: lyrics

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: Doo

text: wop

text: features

text: vocal

text: group

text: harmony

text: nonsense

text: syllables

text: simple

text: beat

text: sometimes

text: little

text: or

text: no

text: instrumentation

text: and

text: simple

text: music

text: and

text: lyrics

text: Harlem is a large neighborhood in the northern section of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Since the 1920s, Harlem has been known as a major African-American residential, cultural and business center. Originally a Dutch village, formally organized in 1658, it is named after the city of Haarlem in the Netherlands. Harlem's history has been defined by a series of economic boom-and-bust cycles, with significant population shifts accompanying each cycle.

text: Harlem

text: is

text: large

text: neighborhood

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: borough

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: Since

text: the

text: Harlem

text: has

text: been

text: known

text: as

text: major

text: African

text: American

text: residential

text: cultural

text: and

text: business

text: center

text: Originally

text: Dutch

text: village

text: formally

text: organized

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Haarlem

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Harlem

text: 's

text: history

text: has

text: been

text: defined

text: by

text: series

text: of

text: economic

text: boom

text: and

text: bust

text: cycles

text: with

text: significant

text: population

text: shifts

text: accompanying

text: each

text: cycle

text: The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: often

text: called

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: or

text: simply

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomerations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: global

text: power

text: city

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exerts

text: significant

text: impact

text: upon

text: commerce

text: finance

text: media

text: art

text: fashion

text: research

text: technology

text: education

text: and

text: entertainment

text: its

text: fast

text: pace

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: New

text: York

text: minute

text: Home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: international

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: financial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Patricia Bennett ( born 7 April 1947 , in The Bronx , New York ) was an original member of the American singing girl group , the Chiffons .

text: Patricia

text: Bennett

text: born

text: April

text: in

text: The

text: Bronx

text: New

text: York

text: was

text: an

text: original

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: singing

text: girl

text: group

text: the

text: Chiffons

text: A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody).

text: U.S.

text: state

text: is

text: constituent

text: political

text: entity

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: There

text: are

text: states

text: which

text: are

text: bound

text: together

text: in

text: union

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: Each

text: state

text: holds

text: administrative

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: defined

text: geographic

text: territory

text: and

text: shares

text: its

text: sovereignty

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: federal

text: government

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: shared

text: sovereignty

text: between

text: each

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: Americans

text: are

text: citizens

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: federal

text: republic

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: reside

text: State

text: citizenship

text: and

text: residency

text: are

text: flexible

text: and

text: no

text: government

text: approval

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: move

text: between

text: states

text: except

text: for

text: persons

text: covered

text: by

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: court

text: orders

text: e.g.

text: paroled

text: convicts

text: and

text: children

text: of

text: divorced

text: spouses

text: who

text: are

text: sharing

text: custody

text: The British Invasion was a phenomenon that occurred in the mid-1960s when rock and pop music acts from the United Kingdom, as well as other aspects of British culture, became popular in the United States, and significant to the rising "counterculture" on both sides of the Atlantic. Pop and rock groups such as the Beatles, the Dave Clark Five, the Kinks, the Rolling Stones, Herman's Hermits, and the Animals were at the forefront of the invasion.

text: The

text: British

text: Invasion

text: was

text: phenomenon

text: that

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: when

text: rock

text: and

text: pop

text: music

text: acts

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: British

text: culture

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: significant

text: to

text: the

text: rising

text: counterculture

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pop

text: and

text: rock

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Beatles

text: the

text: Dave

text: Clark

text: Five

text: the

text: Kinks

text: the

text: Rolling

text: Stones

text: Herman

text: 's

text: Hermits

text: and

text: the

text: Animals

text: were

text: at

text: the

text: forefront

text: of

text: the

text: invasion

question: occupation patricia bennett

answer: singer

text: singer

text: singer


text: The Makkah Region or Mecca Region ("") is the most populous region (mintaqah) in Saudi Arabia. It is located in western Saudi Arabia and has an extended coastline. It has an area of 153,128 km² and a population of 6,915,006 (2010 census). Its capital is Mecca (also transliterated as Makkah), the holiest city in Islam, and its largest city is Jeddah, which is also Saudi Arabia's main port city. The third major city is Taif.

text: The

text: Makkah

text: Region

text: or

text: Mecca

text: Region

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: region

text: mintaqah

text: in

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: western

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: and

text: has

text: an

text: extended

text: coastline

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: census

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Mecca

text: also

text: transliterated

text: as

text: Makkah

text: the

text: holiest

text: city

text: in

text: Islam

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Jeddah

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: 's

text: main

text: port

text: city

text: The

text: third

text: major

text: city

text: is

text: Taif

text: The Qibla ("direction"), also transliterated as Qiblah, Qibleh, Kiblah, Kble or Kibla, is the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during "salah" prayers. It is fixed as the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca. Most mosques contain a wall niche, known as mihrab, that indicates the Qiblah. Most multifaith prayer rooms will also contain a Qibla, although usually less standardized in appearance than one would find within a mosque.

text: The

text: Qibla

text: direction

text: also

text: transliterated

text: as

text: Qiblah

text: Qibleh

text: Kiblah

text: Kble

text: or

text: Kibla

text: is

text: the

text: direction

text: that

text: should

text: be

text: faced

text: when

text: Muslim

text: prays

text: during

text: salah

text: prayers

text: It

text: is

text: fixed

text: as

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: Kaaba

text: in

text: Mecca

text: Most

text: mosques

text: contain

text: wall

text: niche

text: known

text: as

text: mihrab

text: that

text: indicates

text: the

text: Qiblah

text: Most

text: multifaith

text: prayer

text: rooms

text: will

text: also

text: contain

text: Qibla

text: although

text: usually

text: less

text: standardized

text: in

text: appearance

text: than

text: one

text: would

text: find

text: within

text: mosque

text: The Judaean Mountains or Judaean Hills ("Harei Yehuda", "Jibal Al Khalil"), is a mountain range in Israel and the West Bank where Jerusalem and several other biblical cities are located. The mountains reach a height of . The Judean Mountains can be separated to a number of sub-regions, including the Mount Hebron ridge, the Jerusalem ridge and the Judean slopes. These mountains formed the heartland of the Kingdom of Judah, where the earliest Jewish settlements emerged.

text: The

text: Judaean

text: Mountains

text: or

text: Judaean

text: Hills

text: Harei

text: Yehuda

text: Jibal

text: Al

text: Khalil

text: is

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: Israel

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: where

text: Jerusalem

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: biblical

text: cities

text: are

text: located

text: The

text: mountains

text: reach

text: height

text: of

text: The

text: Judean

text: Mountains

text: can

text: be

text: separated

text: to

text: number

text: of

text: sub

text: regions

text: including

text: the

text: Mount

text: Hebron

text: ridge

text: the

text: Jerusalem

text: ridge

text: and

text: the

text: Judean

text: slopes

text: These

text: mountains

text: formed

text: the

text: heartland

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Judah

text: where

text: the

text: earliest

text: Jewish

text: settlements

text: emerged

text: Jeddah (sometimes spelled "Jiddah" or "Jedda" "Jidda" ) is a city in the Hijaz Tihamah region on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, the largest sea port on the Red Sea, and the second-largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh. With a population currently at 4.2 million people, Jeddah is an important commercial hub in Saudi Arabia.

text: Jeddah

text: sometimes

text: spelled

text: Jiddah

text: or

text: Jedda

text: Jidda

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Hijaz

text: Tihamah

text: region

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: major

text: urban

text: center

text: of

text: western

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Makkah

text: Province

text: the

text: largest

text: sea

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: after

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: Riyadh

text: With

text: population

text: currently

text: at

text: million

text: people

text: Jeddah

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: commercial

text: hub

text: in

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Al-Masjid an-Nabaw (Prophet's Mosque) is a mosque established and originally built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, situated in the city of Medina in Saudi Arabia. Al-Masjid an-Nabawi was the third mosque built in the history of Islam and is now one of the largest mosques in the world. It is the second-holiest site in Islam, after Masjid al-Haram in Mecca. It is always open, regardless of date or time.

text: Al

text: Masjid

text: an

text: Nabaw

text: Prophet

text: 's

text: Mosque

text: is

text: mosque

text: established

text: and

text: originally

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Medina

text: in

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Al

text: Masjid

text: an

text: Nabawi

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: mosque

text: built

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: mosques

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: holiest

text: site

text: in

text: Islam

text: after

text: Masjid

text: al

text: Haram

text: in

text: Mecca

text: It

text: is

text: always

text: open

text: regardless

text: of

text: date

text: or

text: time

text: Abraha (also spelled Abreha) (died after AD 553; r. 525at least 553), also known as 'Abraha al-Ashram (Arabic:  ), was an Ethiopian general then the viceroy of southern Arabia for the Kingdom of Aksum, and later declared himself an independent King of Himyar. Abraha ruled much of present-day Yemen and Hijaz from at least 531 -547 AD to 555 - 565 AD.

text: Abraha

text: also

text: spelled

text: Abreha

text: died

text: after

text: AD

text: least

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Abraha

text: al

text: Ashram

text: Arabic

text: was

text: an

text: Ethiopian

text: general

text: then

text: the

text: viceroy

text: of

text: southern

text: Arabia

text: for

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Aksum

text: and

text: later

text: declared

text: himself

text: an

text: independent

text: King

text: of

text: Himyar

text: Abraha

text: ruled

text: much

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Yemen

text: and

text: Hijaz

text: from

text: at

text: least

text: AD

text: to

text: AD

text: Mecca or Makkah ("" ) is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia that is also capital of the Makkah Region. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level. Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the "hajj" ("pilgrimage") period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of "Dhu al-Hijjah".

text: Mecca

text: or

text: Makkah

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Hejaz

text: region

text: of

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Makkah

text: Region

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: inland

text: from

text: Jeddah

text: in

text: narrow

text: valley

text: at

text: height

text: of

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: Its

text: resident

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: roughly

text: million

text: although

text: visitors

text: more

text: than

text: triple

text: this

text: number

text: every

text: year

text: during

text: the

text: hajj

text: pilgrimage

text: period

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: twelfth

text: Muslim

text: lunar

text: month

text: of

text: Dhu

text: al

text: Hijjah

text: Judaism (from , derived from Greek , originally from Hebrew , "Yehudah", "Judah"; in Hebrew: , "Yahadut", the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos) encompasses the religion, philosophy, culture and way of life of the Jewish people. Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship that God established with the Children of Israel. With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth-largest religion in the world.

text: Judaism

text: from

text: derived

text: from

text: Greek

text: originally

text: from

text: Hebrew

text: Yehudah

text: Judah

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: Yahadut

text: the

text: distinctive

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: Judean

text: ethnos

text: encompasses

text: the

text: religion

text: philosophy

text: culture

text: and

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: people

text: Judaism

text: is

text: an

text: ancient

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: with

text: the

text: Torah

text: as

text: its

text: foundational

text: text

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: text

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Tanakh

text: or

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: and

text: supplemental

text: oral

text: tradition

text: represented

text: by

text: later

text: texts

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Midrash

text: and

text: the

text: Talmud

text: Judaism

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: religious

text: Jews

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: covenantal

text: relationship

text: that

text: God

text: established

text: with

text: the

text: Children

text: of

text: Israel

text: With

text: between

text: and

text: million

text: adherents

text: worldwide

text: Judaism

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the "sunnah", composed of accounts called "hadith") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.

text: Islam

text: is

text: religion

text: articulated

text: by

text: the

text: Quran

text: text

text: considered

text: by

text: its

text: adherents

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: verbatim

text: word

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: adherents

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: normative

text: example

text: called

text: the

text: sunnah

text: composed

text: of

text: accounts

text: called

text: hadith

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: June

text: CE

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: major

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: followers

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: Muslims

text: Islam

text: is

text: an

text: Abrahamic

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: that

text: upholds

text: that

text: God

text: is

text: one

text: and

text: incomparable

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: existence

text: is

text: to

text: worship

text: God

text: Muslims

text: consider

text: Muhammad

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: of

text: God

text: Masjid al - Qiblatayn ( Arabic :    ) , or the Mosque of the Two Qiblas , is a mosque in Medina that is historically important for Muslims as the place where , after the Islamic prophet Muhammad received the command to change the direction of prayer ( qibla ) from Jerusalem to Mecca , the entire congregation led by a companion changed direction in prayer . Thus it uniquely contained two prayer niches ( mihrabs ) . Recently the mosque was renovated ; the old prayer niche facing Jerusalem was removed , and the one facing Mecca was left . The Qiblatayn Mosque is among the three earliest mosques in Islam 's history , along with Quba Mosque and Al - Masjid al - Nabawi .

text: Masjid

text: al

text: Qiblatayn

text: Arabic

text: or

text: the

text: Mosque

text: of

text: the

text: Two

text: Qiblas

text: is

text: mosque

text: in

text: Medina

text: that

text: is

text: historically

text: important

text: for

text: Muslims

text: as

text: the

text: place

text: where

text: after

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: received

text: the

text: command

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: prayer

text: qibla

text: from

text: Jerusalem

text: to

text: Mecca

text: the

text: entire

text: congregation

text: led

text: by

text: companion

text: changed

text: direction

text: in

text: prayer

text: Thus

text: it

text: uniquely

text: contained

text: two

text: prayer

text: niches

text: mihrabs

text: Recently

text: the

text: mosque

text: was

text: renovated

text: the

text: old

text: prayer

text: niche

text: facing

text: Jerusalem

text: was

text: removed

text: and

text: the

text: one

text: facing

text: Mecca

text: was

text: left

text: The

text: Qiblatayn

text: Mosque

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: three

text: earliest

text: mosques

text: in

text: Islam

text: 's

text: history

text: along

text: with

text: Quba

text: Mosque

text: and

text: Al

text: Masjid

text: al

text: Nabawi

text: Medina (', "the radiant city"; or , ', "the city"), also transliterated as Madnah, is a city in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia that is also the capital of the Al Madinah Region. The city contains al-Masjid an-Nabawi ("the Prophet's Mosque"), which is the burial place of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and is the second-holiest city in Islam after Mecca.

text: Medina

text: the

text: radiant

text: city

text: or

text: the

text: city

text: also

text: transliterated

text: as

text: Madnah

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Hejaz

text: region

text: of

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Al

text: Madinah

text: Region

text: The

text: city

text: contains

text: al

text: Masjid

text: an

text: Nabawi

text: the

text: Prophet

text: 's

text: Mosque

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: burial

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: holiest

text: city

text: in

text: Islam

text: after

text: Mecca

text: Muhammad (c. 570 CE  8 June 632 CE) is the central figure of Islam and widely regarded as its founder by non-Muslims. He is known as the "Holy Prophet" to Muslims, almost all of whom consider him to be the last prophet sent by God to mankind to restore Islam, believed by Muslims to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings, practices, and the Quran, formed the basis of Islamic religious belief.

text: Muhammad

text: CE

text: June

text: CE

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: figure

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: its

text: founder

text: by

text: non

text: Muslims

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Holy

text: Prophet

text: to

text: Muslims

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: consider

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: sent

text: by

text: God

text: to

text: mankind

text: to

text: restore

text: Islam

text: believed

text: by

text: Muslims

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: unaltered

text: original

text: monotheistic

text: faith

text: of

text: Adam

text: Abraham

text: Moses

text: Jesus

text: and

text: other

text: prophets

text: Muhammad

text: united

text: Arabia

text: into

text: single

text: Muslim

text: polity

text: and

text: ensured

text: that

text: his

text: teachings

text: practices

text: and

text: the

text: Quran

text: formed

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: Islamic

text: religious

text: belief

text: The Kingdom of Judah ("Mamlekhet Yehudh") was an Iron Age kingdom of the Southern Levant. The Hebrew Bible depicts it as the successor to a United Monarchy, but historians are divided about the veracity of this account. In the 10th and early 9th centuries BCE the territory of Judah appears to have been sparsely populated, limited to small rural settlements, most of them unfortified. Jerusalem, the kingdom's capital, likely did not emerge as a significant administrative centre until the end of the 8th century, prior to this archaeological evidence suggests its population was too small to sustain a viable kingdom. In the 7th century its population increased greatly, prospering under Assyrian vassalage (despite Hezekiah's revolt against the Assyrian king Sennacherib), but in 605 the Assyrian Empire was defeated, and the ensuing competition between the Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt and the Neo-Babylonian Empire for control of the Eastern Mediterranean led to the destruction of the kingdom in a series of campaigns between 597 and 582, the deportation of the elite of the community, and the incorporation of Judah into a province of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Judah

text: Mamlekhet

text: Yehudh

text: was

text: an

text: Iron

text: Age

text: kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Levant

text: The

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: depicts

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: United

text: Monarchy

text: but

text: historians

text: are

text: divided

text: about

text: the

text: veracity

text: of

text: this

text: account

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: BCE

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: Judah

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: limited

text: to

text: small

text: rural

text: settlements

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: unfortified

text: Jerusalem

text: the

text: kingdom

text: 's

text: capital

text: likely

text: did

text: not

text: emerge

text: as

text: significant

text: administrative

text: centre

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: prior

text: to

text: this

text: archaeological

text: evidence

text: suggests

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: too

text: small

text: to

text: sustain

text: viable

text: kingdom

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: its

text: population

text: increased

text: greatly

text: prospering

text: under

text: Assyrian

text: vassalage

text: despite

text: Hezekiah

text: 's

text: revolt

text: against

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: king

text: Sennacherib

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: Empire

text: was

text: defeated

text: and

text: the

text: ensuing

text: competition

text: between

text: the

text: Twenty

text: sixth

text: Dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Neo

text: Babylonian

text: Empire

text: for

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: campaigns

text: between

text: and

text: the

text: deportation

text: of

text: the

text: elite

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: and

text: the

text: incorporation

text: of

text: Judah

text: into

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: Neo

text: Babylonian

text: Empire

text: The Dead Sea (lit. Salt Sea), is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west. Its surface and shores are below sea level, Earth's lowest elevation on land. The Dead Sea is deep, the deepest hypersaline lake in the world. With 34.2% salinity (in 2011), it is 9.6 times as salty as the ocean, and one of the world's saltiest bodies of water. This salinity makes for a harsh environment in which plants and animals cannot flourish, hence its name. The Dead Sea is long and wide at its widest point. It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley and its main tributary is the Jordan River.

text: The

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: lit

text: Salt

text: Sea

text: is

text: salt

text: lake

text: bordered

text: by

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Israel

text: and

text: Palestine

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Its

text: surface

text: and

text: shores

text: are

text: below

text: sea

text: level

text: Earth

text: 's

text: lowest

text: elevation

text: on

text: land

text: The

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: is

text: deep

text: the

text: deepest

text: hypersaline

text: lake

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: salinity

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: times

text: as

text: salty

text: as

text: the

text: ocean

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: saltiest

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: This

text: salinity

text: makes

text: for

text: harsh

text: environment

text: in

text: which

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: can

text: not

text: flourish

text: hence

text: its

text: name

text: The

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: is

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: at

text: its

text: widest

text: point

text: It

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: Jordan

text: Rift

text: Valley

text: and

text: its

text: main

text: tributary

text: is

text: the

text: Jordan

text: River

text: Canaan (Northwest Semitic: ""; Phoenician: ; Biblical Hebrew/ Masoretic: ["; nan]") was a Semitic-speaking region in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC. In the Bible it corresponds to the Levant, in particular to the areas of the Southern Levant that provide the main setting of the narrative of the Hebrew Bible, i.e., the area of Israel, Philistia, Phoenicia, and other nations.

text: Canaan

text: Northwest

text: Semitic

text: Phoenician

text: Biblical

text: Hebrew/

text: Masoretic

text: was

text: Semitic

text: speaking

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Near

text: East

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: millennium

text: BC

text: In

text: the

text: Bible

text: it

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: Levant

text: in

text: particular

text: to

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Levant

text: that

text: provide

text: the

text: main

text: setting

text: of

text: the

text: narrative

text: of

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: i.e.

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Israel

text: Philistia

text: Phoenicia

text: and

text: other

text: nations

text: The Hajj ("" "pilgrimage") is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the most holy city of the Muslims, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and can support their family during their absence. It is one of the five pillars of Islam, alongside Shahadah, Salat, Zakat, and Sawm. The Hajj is the largest annual gathering of people in the world. The state of being physically and financially capable of performing the Hajj is called "istita'ah", and a Muslim who fulfills this condition is called a "mustati". The Hajj is a demonstration of the solidarity of the Muslim people, and their submission to God (Allah). The word Hajj means "to intend a journey", which connotes both the outward act of a journey and the inward act of intentions.

text: The

text: Hajj

text: pilgrimage

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: Islamic

text: pilgrimage

text: to

text: Mecca

text: the

text: most

text: holy

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Muslims

text: and

text: mandatory

text: religious

text: duty

text: for

text: Muslims

text: that

text: must

text: be

text: carried

text: out

text: at

text: least

text: once

text: in

text: their

text: lifetime

text: by

text: all

text: adult

text: Muslims

text: who

text: are

text: physically

text: and

text: financially

text: capable

text: of

text: undertaking

text: the

text: journey

text: and

text: can

text: support

text: their

text: family

text: during

text: their

text: absence

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: pillars

text: of

text: Islam

text: alongside

text: Shahadah

text: Salat

text: Zakat

text: and

text: Sawm

text: The

text: Hajj

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: annual

text: gathering

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: state

text: of

text: being

text: physically

text: and

text: financially

text: capable

text: of

text: performing

text: the

text: Hajj

text: is

text: called

text: istita'ah

text: and

text: Muslim

text: who

text: fulfills

text: this

text: condition

text: is

text: called

text: mustati

text: The

text: Hajj

text: is

text: demonstration

text: of

text: the

text: solidarity

text: of

text: the

text: Muslim

text: people

text: and

text: their

text: submission

text: to

text: God

text: Allah

text: The

text: word

text: Hajj

text: means

text: to

text: intend

text: journey

text: which

text: connotes

text: both

text: the

text: outward

text: act

text: of

text: journey

text: and

text: the

text: inward

text: act

text: of

text: intentions

text: Israel , officially known as the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.

text: Israel

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: It

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Lebanon

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Jordan

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: and

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: respectively

text: and

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: country

text: contains

text: geographically

text: diverse

text: features

text: within

text: its

text: relatively

text: small

text: area

text: Israel

text: 's

text: financial

text: and

text: technology

text: center

text: is

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: while

text: its

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: proclaimed

text: capital

text: is

text: Jerusalem

text: although

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: internationally

text: unrecognized

text: Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who serves as the focal point for the religion. It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians. Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.

text: Christianity

text: is

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: life

text: and

text: teachings

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: who

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: focal

text: point

text: for

text: the

text: religion

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: religion

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: followers

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: Christians

text: Christians

text: believe

text: that

text: Jesus

text: is

text: the

text: Son

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: the

text: savior

text: of

text: humanity

text: whose

text: coming

text: as

text: the

text: Messiah

text: the

text: Christ

text: was

text: prophesied

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: Testament

text: The Madinah Region ("Al-Madnah al-Munawarah") is a region of Saudi Arabia, located on the country's west side, along the Red Sea coast. It has an area of 151,990 km² and a population of 1,777,973 (2010 Census), subdivided into seven governorates ("muafaat"):

text: The

text: Madinah

text: Region

text: Al

text: Madnah

text: al

text: Munawarah

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: west

text: side

text: along

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: coast

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: Census

text: subdivided

text: into

text: seven

text: governorates

text: muafaat

text: The Kaaba (' , "The Cube"), also referred as Al Kaaba Al Musharrafah"' (The Holy Kaaba), is a building at the center of Islam's most sacred mosque, Al-Masjid al-Haram, in Mecca, al-Hejaz, Saudi Arabia. It is the most sacred site in Islam. It is considered the "House of Allah" and has a similar role to the Tabernacle and Holy of Holies in Judaism. Wherever they are in the world, Muslims are expected to face the Kaaba when performing "salat" (prayer). From any point in the world, the direction facing the Kaaba is called the "qibla".

text: The

text: Kaaba

text: The

text: Cube

text: also

text: referred

text: as

text: Al

text: Kaaba

text: Al

text: Musharrafah

text: The

text: Holy

text: Kaaba

text: is

text: building

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Islam

text: 's

text: most

text: sacred

text: mosque

text: Al

text: Masjid

text: al

text: Haram

text: in

text: Mecca

text: al

text: Hejaz

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: sacred

text: site

text: in

text: Islam

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Allah

text: and

text: has

text: similar

text: role

text: to

text: the

text: Tabernacle

text: and

text: Holy

text: of

text: Holies

text: in

text: Judaism

text: Wherever

text: they

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Muslims

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: face

text: the

text: Kaaba

text: when

text: performing

text: salat

text: prayer

text: From

text: any

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: direction

text: facing

text: the

text: Kaaba

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: qibla

text: Jerusalem , is a city located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. One of the oldest cities in the world, Jerusalem was named as ""Urusalima"" on ancient Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets, probably meaning "City of Shalem" after a Canaanite deity, during the early Canaanite period (approximately 2400 BCE). During the Israelite period, significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 9th century BCE (Iron Age II), and in the 8th century the city developed into the religious and administrative center of the Kingdom of Judah. It is considered a holy city in the three major Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: city

text: located

text: on

text: plateau

text: in

text: the

text: Judaean

text: Mountains

text: between

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: and

text: the

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Jerusalem

text: was

text: named

text: as

text: Urusalima

text: on

text: ancient

text: Mesopotamian

text: cuneiform

text: tablets

text: probably

text: meaning

text: City

text: of

text: Shalem

text: after

text: Canaanite

text: deity

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: Canaanite

text: period

text: approximately

text: BCE

text: During

text: the

text: Israelite

text: period

text: significant

text: construction

text: activity

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Iron

text: Age

text: II

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: city

text: developed

text: into

text: the

text: religious

text: and

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Judah

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: holy

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: major

text: Abrahamic

text: religions

text: of

text: Judaism

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Islam

text: Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth-largest state in Asia and second-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert or barren landforms.

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: KSA

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: constituting

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: With

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: after

text: Algeria

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Qatar

text: Bahrain

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Oman

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: Yemen

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Israel

text: and

text: Egypt

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: nation

text: with

text: both

text: Red

text: Sea

text: coast

text: and

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: coast

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: terrain

text: consists

text: of

text: arid

text: desert

text: or

text: barren

text: landforms

text: The Hejaz, also Al-Hijaz ("", literally "the Barrier"), is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia. The region is so called as it separates the land of the Najd in the east from the land of Tihamah in the west. It is also known as the "Western Province." It is bordered on the west by the Red Sea, on the north by Jordan, on the east by the Najd, and on the south by Asir. Its main city is Jeddah, but it is probably better known for the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina. As the site of Islam's holiest places, the Hejaz has significance in the Arab and Islamic historical and political landscape.

text: The

text: Hejaz

text: also

text: Al

text: Hijaz

text: literally

text: the

text: Barrier

text: is

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: so

text: called

text: as

text: it

text: separates

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Najd

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: from

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: Tihamah

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Western

text: Province

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Jordan

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Najd

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Asir

text: Its

text: main

text: city

text: is

text: Jeddah

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: probably

text: better

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: Islamic

text: holy

text: cities

text: of

text: Mecca

text: and

text: Medina

text: As

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: Islam

text: 's

text: holiest

text: places

text: the

text: Hejaz

text: has

text: significance

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: and

text: Islamic

text: historical

text: and

text: political

text: landscape

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: country masjid al-qiblatayn

answer: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia

text: saudi arabia


text: Septimania (  ) was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462, when Septimania was ceded to their king, Theodoric II. Under the Visigoths it was known as simply Gallia or Narbonensis. It corresponded roughly with the modern French region of Languedoc-Roussillon. It passed briefly to the Emirate of Córdoba in the eighth century before its conquest by the Franks, who by the end of the ninth century termed it Gothia or the Gothic March ("Marca Gothica").

text: Septimania

text: was

text: the

text: western

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Gallia

text: Narbonensis

text: that

text: passed

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: in

text: when

text: Septimania

text: was

text: ceded

text: to

text: their

text: king

text: Theodoric

text: II

text: Under

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: simply

text: Gallia

text: or

text: Narbonensis

text: It

text: corresponded

text: roughly

text: with

text: the

text: modern

text: French

text: region

text: of

text: Languedoc

text: Roussillon

text: It

text: passed

text: briefly

text: to

text: the

text: Emirate

text: of

text: Córdoba

text: in

text: the

text: eighth

text: century

text: before

text: its

text: conquest

text: by

text: the

text: Franks

text: who

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: ninth

text: century

text: termed

text: it

text: Gothia

text: or

text: the

text: Gothic

text: March

text: Marca

text: Gothica

text: Al - urr ibn Abd al - Ramn al - Thaqaf ( Arabic :       ) was an early Umayyad governor who ruled the Muslim province of Al - Andalus from between 716 to 718 . He was the third successor to Musa bin Nusair , the North African governor who had directed the conquest of Visigothic Spain several years earlier in 711 . Al - Hurr was the first Muslim commander to cross the Pyrenees in 717 , leading a small raiding party into Septimania . His incursions were largely unsuccessful , for which he was deposed in 718 .

text: Al

text: urr

text: ibn

text: Abd

text: al

text: Ramn

text: al

text: Thaqaf

text: Arabic

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: Umayyad

text: governor

text: who

text: ruled

text: the

text: Muslim

text: province

text: of

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: from

text: between

text: to

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: successor

text: to

text: Musa

text: bin

text: Nusair

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: governor

text: who

text: had

text: directed

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: Visigothic

text: Spain

text: several

text: years

text: earlier

text: in

text: Al

text: Hurr

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: Muslim

text: commander

text: to

text: cross

text: the

text: Pyrenees

text: in

text: leading

text: small

text: raiding

text: party

text: into

text: Septimania

text: His

text: incursions

text: were

text: largely

text: unsuccessful

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: deposed

text: in

text:
Languedoc ( Occitan: "Lengadòc" ) is a former province of France.
Its territory is now contained in the modern-day region of Occitanie in the south of France. Its capital city was Toulouse. It had an area of approximately 27,376 square kilometers (10,570 square miles).

text: Languedoc

text: Occitan

text: Lengadòc

text: is

text: former

text: province

text: of

text: France

text: Its

text: territory

text: is

text: now

text: contained

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: day

text: region

text: of

text: Occitanie

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: France

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: Toulouse

text: It

text: had

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: square

text: kilometers

text: square

text: miles

text: The Franks (or ') are historically first known as a group of Germanic tribes that inhabited the land between the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD, and second as the people of Gaul who merged with the Gallo-Roman populations during succeeding centuries, passing on their name to modern-day France and becoming part of the heritage of the modern French people. Some Franks raided Roman territory, while other Frankish tribes joined the Roman troops of Gaul. In later times, Franks became the military rulers of the northern part of Roman Gaul. With the coronation of their ruler Charlemagne as ' by Pope Leo III in 800 AD, he and his successors were recognised as legitimate successors to the emperors of the Western Roman Empire.

text: The

text: Franks

text: or

text: are

text: historically

text: first

text: known

text: as

text: group

text: of

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: that

text: inhabited

text: the

text: land

text: between

text: the

text: Lower

text: and

text: Middle

text: Rhine

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: and

text: second

text: as

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Gaul

text: who

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: Gallo

text: Roman

text: populations

text: during

text: succeeding

text: centuries

text: passing

text: on

text: their

text: name

text: to

text: modern

text: day

text: France

text: and

text: becoming

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: heritage

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: French

text: people

text: Some

text: Franks

text: raided

text: Roman

text: territory

text: while

text: other

text: Frankish

text: tribes

text: joined

text: the

text: Roman

text: troops

text: of

text: Gaul

text: In

text: later

text: times

text: Franks

text: became

text: the

text: military

text: rulers

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: Roman

text: Gaul

text: With

text: the

text: coronation

text: of

text: their

text: ruler

text: Charlemagne

text: as

text: by

text: Pope

text: Leo

text: III

text: in

text: AD

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: successors

text: were

text: recognised

text: as

text: legitimate

text: successors

text: to

text: the

text: emperors

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: The Pyrenees (, , , , or ) is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between France and Spain. Reaching a height of altitude at the peak of Aneto, the range separates the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe, and extends for about from the Bay of Biscay (Cap Higuer) to the Mediterranean Sea (Cap de Creus).

text: The

text: Pyrenees

text: or

text: is

text: range

text: of

text: mountains

text: in

text: southwest

text: Europe

text: that

text: forms

text: natural

text: border

text: between

text: France

text: and

text: Spain

text: Reaching

text: height

text: of

text: altitude

text: at

text: the

text: peak

text: of

text: Aneto

text: the

text: range

text: separates

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: and

text: extends

text: for

text: about

text: from

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: Cap

text: Higuer

text: to

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Cap

text: de

text: Creus

text: Aneto is the highest mountain in the Pyrenees and in Aragon, and Spain's third-highest mountain, reaching a height of . It stands in the Spanish province of Huesca, the northernmost of all three Aragonese provinces, 4 miles south of the French border. It forms the southernmost part of the Maladeta massif. It is also still locally known as "Pic de Néthou" in French, that name and its variants having been in general use until the beginning of the 20th century.

text: Aneto

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: Pyrenees

text: and

text: in

text: Aragon

text: and

text: Spain

text: 's

text: third

text: highest

text: mountain

text: reaching

text: height

text: of

text: It

text: stands

text: in

text: the

text: Spanish

text: province

text: of

text: Huesca

text: the

text: northernmost

text: of

text: all

text: three

text: Aragonese

text: provinces

text: miles

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: border

text: It

text: forms

text: the

text: southernmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Maladeta

text: massif

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: still

text: locally

text: known

text: as

text: Pic

text: de

text: Néthou

text: in

text: French

text: that

text: name

text: and

text: its

text: variants

text: having

text: been

text: in

text: general

text: use

text: until

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Al-Andalus (trans.   Berber: "Andalus"), also known as Muslim Spain or Islamic Iberia, was a medieval Muslim territory and cultural domain occupying at its peak most of what are today Spain and Portugal. At its greatest geographical extent in the eighth century, southern FranceSeptimaniawas briefly under its control. The name more generally describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims (given the generic name of Moors) at various times between 711 and 1492, though the boundaries changed constantly as the Christian Reconquista progressed.

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: trans

text: Berber

text: Andalus

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Muslim

text: Spain

text: or

text: Islamic

text: Iberia

text: was

text: medieval

text: Muslim

text: territory

text: and

text: cultural

text: domain

text: occupying

text: at

text: its

text: peak

text: most

text: of

text: what

text: are

text: today

text: Spain

text: and

text: Portugal

text: At

text: its

text: greatest

text: geographical

text: extent

text: in

text: the

text: eighth

text: century

text: southern

text: FranceSeptimaniawas

text: briefly

text: under

text: its

text: control

text: The

text: name

text: more

text: generally

text: describes

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: governed

text: by

text: Muslims

text: given

text: the

text: generic

text: name

text: of

text: Moors

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: between

text: and

text: though

text: the

text: boundaries

text: changed

text: constantly

text: as

text: the

text: Christian

text: Reconquista

text: progressed

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Roussillon (or ; ) is one of the historical counties of the former Principality of Catalonia, corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French "département" of Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees). It may also refer to "Northern Catalonia" or "French Catalonia", the first used by Catalan-speakers and the second used by French-speakers. A 1998 survey found that 34% of respondents stated they speak Catalan, and a further 21% understand it.

text: Roussillon

text: or

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: historical

text: counties

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Principality

text: of

text: Catalonia

text: corresponding

text: roughly

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: southern

text: French

text: département

text: of

text: Pyrénées

text: Orientales

text: Eastern

text: Pyrenees

text: It

text: may

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: Northern

text: Catalonia

text: or

text: French

text: Catalonia

text: the

text: first

text: used

text: by

text: Catalan

text: speakers

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: used

text: by

text: French

text: speakers

text: survey

text: found

text: that

text: of

text: respondents

text: stated

text: they

text: speak

text: Catalan

text: and

text: further

text: understand

text: it

text: The Visigoths were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths. These tribes flourished and spread during the late Roman Empire in Late Antiquity, or the Migration Period. The Visigoths emerged from earlier Gothic groups (possibly the Thervingi) who had invaded the Roman Empire beginning in 376 and had defeated the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Relations between the Romans and the Visigoths were variable, alternately warring with one another and making treaties when convenient. The Visigoths invaded Italy under Alaric I and sacked Rome in 410. After the Visigoths sacked Rome, they began settling down, first in southern Gaul and eventually in Spain and Portugal, where they founded the Visigothic Kingdom and maintained a presence from the 5th to the 8th centuries AD.

text: The

text: Visigoths

text: were

text: the

text: western

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: nomadic

text: tribes

text: of

text: Germanic

text: peoples

text: referred

text: to

text: collectively

text: as

text: the

text: Goths

text: These

text: tribes

text: flourished

text: and

text: spread

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: or

text: the

text: Migration

text: Period

text: The

text: Visigoths

text: emerged

text: from

text: earlier

text: Gothic

text: groups

text: possibly

text: the

text: Thervingi

text: who

text: had

text: invaded

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: beginning

text: in

text: and

text: had

text: defeated

text: the

text: Romans

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Adrianople

text: in

text: Relations

text: between

text: the

text: Romans

text: and

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: were

text: variable

text: alternately

text: warring

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: and

text: making

text: treaties

text: when

text: convenient

text: The

text: Visigoths

text: invaded

text: Italy

text: under

text: Alaric

text: and

text: sacked

text: Rome

text: in

text: After

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: sacked

text: Rome

text: they

text: began

text: settling

text: down

text: first

text: in

text: southern

text: Gaul

text: and

text: eventually

text: in

text: Spain

text: and

text: Portugal

text: where

text: they

text: founded

text: the

text: Visigothic

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: maintained

text: presence

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: centuries

text: AD

text: Theodoric II (Gothic: Þiudareiks II), "Teodorico" in Spanish and Portuguese, (426  early 466) was the eighth King of Visigoths from 453 to 466.

text: Theodoric

text: II

text: Gothic

text: Þiudareiks

text: II

text: Teodorico

text: in

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: early

text: was

text: the

text: eighth

text: King

text: of

text: Visigoths

text: from

text: to

text: The Emirate of Córdoba (Arabic:  , Imrah Quruba) was an independent emirate in the Iberian Peninsula between 756 and 929 with Córdoba as its capital.

text: The

text: Emirate

text: of

text: Córdoba

text: Arabic

text: Imrah

text: Quruba

text: was

text: an

text: independent

text: emirate

text: in

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: between

text: and

text: with

text: Córdoba

text: as

text: its

text: capital

text: The (Spanish and Portuguese for the "reconquest") is the period of history of the Iberian Peninsula spanning approximately 770 years between the Islamic conquest of Hispania in 710 and the fall of the last Islamic state in Iberia at Granada to the expanding Christian kingdoms in 1492. The " ended just before the European discovery of the Americasthe "New World"which ushered in the era of the Portuguese and Spanish colonial empires.

text: The

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: for

text: the

text: reconquest

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: spanning

text: approximately

text: years

text: between

text: the

text: Islamic

text: conquest

text: of

text: Hispania

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: Islamic

text: state

text: in

text: Iberia

text: at

text: Granada

text: to

text: the

text: expanding

text: Christian

text: kingdoms

text: in

text: The

text: ended

text: just

text: before

text: the

text: European

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: Americasthe

text: New

text: World"which

text: ushered

text: in

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: and

text: Spanish

text: colonial

text: empires

text: Languedoc-Roussillon  is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Occitanie. It comprises five departments, and borders the other French regions of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Rhône-Alpes, Auvergne, Midi-Pyrénées on the one side, and Spain, Andorra and the Mediterranean Sea on the other side. It is the southernmost region of mainland France.

text: Languedoc

text: Roussillon

text: is

text: former

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: Since

text: January

text: it

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: region

text: Occitanie

text: It

text: comprises

text: five

text: departments

text: and

text: borders

text: the

text: other

text: French

text: regions

text: of

text: Provence

text: Alpes

text: Côte

text: d'Azur

text: Rhône

text: Alpes

text: Auvergne

text: Midi

text: Pyrénées

text: on

text: the

text: one

text: side

text: and

text: Spain

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: side

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: region

text: of

text: mainland

text: France

question: date_of_death al-hurr ibn abd al-rahman al-thaqafi

answer: 800


text: Islands of Space is a science fiction novel by author John W. Campbell, Jr.. It was first published in book form in 1957 by Fantasy Press in an edition of 1,417 copies. The novel originally appeared in the magazine "Amazing Stories Quarterly"; the text was "extensively edited" for book publication, with Campbell's approval, by Lloyd Arthur Eshbach. A paperback edition was published by Ace Books in 1966. In 1973, "Islands" was included in a Doubleday omnibus of all three "Arcot, Wade, and Morey" novels. A German translation appeared in 1967 as "Kosmische Kreuzfahrt", and an Italian translation was published in 1976 as "Isole nello spazio".

text: Islands

text: of

text: Space

text: is

text: science

text: fiction

text: novel

text: by

text: author

text: John

text: Campbell

text: Jr

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: published

text: in

text: book

text: form

text: in

text: by

text: Fantasy

text: Press

text: in

text: an

text: edition

text: of

text: copies

text: The

text: novel

text: originally

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: magazine

text: Amazing

text: Stories

text: Quarterly

text: the

text: text

text: was

text: extensively

text: edited

text: for

text: book

text: publication

text: with

text: Campbell

text: 's

text: approval

text: by

text: Lloyd

text: Arthur

text: Eshbach

text: paperback

text: edition

text: was

text: published

text: by

text: Ace

text: Books

text: in

text: In

text: Islands

text: was

text: included

text: in

text: Doubleday

text: omnibus

text: of

text: all

text: three

text: Arcot

text: Wade

text: and

text: Morey

text: novels

text: German

text: translation

text: appeared

text: in

text: as

text: Kosmische

text: Kreuzfahrt

text: and

text: an

text: Italian

text: translation

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: as

text: Isole

text: nello

text: spazio

text: Iron Sunrise is a 2004 hard science fiction novel by author Charles Stross , which follows the events in Singularity Sky . The book was nominated for both the Hugo and Locus Awards in 2005 . Singularity Sky depicts a future where human societies have been involuntarily taken from Earth and widely distributed across the Milky Way galaxy , seemingly at random , in the wake of a technological singularity which has led to the onset of strong AI , in the form of the Eschaton . The events in both novels take place consecutively some time after the immediate aftermath of the singularity .

text: Iron

text: Sunrise

text: is

text: hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: novel

text: by

text: author

text: Charles

text: Stross

text: which

text: follows

text: the

text: events

text: in

text: Singularity

text: Sky

text: The

text: book

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: both

text: the

text: Hugo

text: and

text: Locus

text: Awards

text: in

text: Singularity

text: Sky

text: depicts

text: future

text: where

text: human

text: societies

text: have

text: been

text: involuntarily

text: taken

text: from

text: Earth

text: and

text: widely

text: distributed

text: across

text: the

text: Milky

text: Way

text: galaxy

text: seemingly

text: at

text: random

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: technological

text: singularity

text: which

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: strong

text: AI

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Eschaton

text: The

text: events

text: in

text: both

text: novels

text: take

text: place

text: consecutively

text: some

text: time

text: after

text: the

text: immediate

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: singularity

text: Gary Wesley Westfahl (born May 7, 1951) is a scholarly author and reviewer of science fiction. He has written reviews for the "Los Angeles Times", "The Internet Review of Science Fiction" and Locus Online. He worked at the University of California, Riverside until 2011 and is now an Adjunct Professor at the University of La Verne.

text: Gary

text: Wesley

text: Westfahl

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: scholarly

text: author

text: and

text: reviewer

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: He

text: has

text: written

text: reviews

text: for

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Times

text: The

text: Internet

text: Review

text: of

text: Science

text: Fiction

text: and

text: Locus

text: Online

text: He

text: worked

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: Riverside

text: until

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: an

text: Adjunct

text: Professor

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: La

text: Verne

text: Lovecraftian horror is a subgenre of horror fiction that emphasizes the cosmic horror of the unknown (and in some cases, unknowable) more than gore or other elements of shock, though these may still be present. It is named after American author H. P. Lovecraft (1890  1937).

text: Lovecraftian

text: horror

text: is

text: subgenre

text: of

text: horror

text: fiction

text: that

text: emphasizes

text: the

text: cosmic

text: horror

text: of

text: the

text: unknown

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: unknowable

text: more

text: than

text: gore

text: or

text: other

text: elements

text: of

text: shock

text: though

text: these

text: may

text: still

text: be

text: present

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: American

text: author

text: Lovecraft

text: Charles David George "Charlie" Stross (born 18 October 1964) is an award-winning British writer of science fiction, Lovecraftian horror and fantasy.

text: Charles

text: David

text: George

text: Charlie

text: Stross

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: award

text: winning

text: British

text: writer

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: Lovecraftian

text: horror

text: and

text: fantasy

text: Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by an emphasis on scientific accuracy. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell, Jr.'s "Islands of Space" in "Astounding Science Fiction". The complementary term soft science fiction, formed by analogy to hard science fiction, first appeared in the late 1970s. The term is formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the "hard" (natural) and "soft" (social) sciences. Science fiction critic Gary Westfahl argues that neither term is part of a rigorous taxonomy; instead they are approximate ways of characterizing stories that reviewers and commentators have found useful.

text: Hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: is

text: category

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: characterized

text: by

text: an

text: emphasis

text: on

text: scientific

text: accuracy

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: print

text: in

text: by

text: Schuyler

text: Miller

text: in

text: review

text: of

text: John

text: Campbell

text: Jr.

text: 's

text: Islands

text: of

text: Space

text: in

text: Astounding

text: Science

text: Fiction

text: The

text: complementary

text: term

text: soft

text: science

text: fiction

text: formed

text: by

text: analogy

text: to

text: hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: analogy

text: to

text: the

text: popular

text: distinction

text: between

text: the

text: hard

text: natural

text: and

text: soft

text: social

text: sciences

text: Science

text: fiction

text: critic

text: Gary

text: Westfahl

text: argues

text: that

text: neither

text: term

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: rigorous

text: taxonomy

text: instead

text: they

text: are

text: approximate

text: ways

text: of

text: characterizing

text: stories

text: that

text: reviewers

text: and

text: commentators

text: have

text: found

text: useful

text: Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a "literature of ideas." It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction.

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: SF

text: sci

text: fi

text: or

text: scifi

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: typically

text: dealing

text: with

text: imaginative

text: concepts

text: such

text: as

text: futuristic

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: space

text: travel

text: time

text: travel

text: faster

text: than

text: light

text: travel

text: parallel

text: universes

text: and

text: extraterrestrial

text: life

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: explores

text: the

text: potential

text: consequences

text: of

text: scientific

text: and

text: other

text: innovations

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: literature

text: of

text: ideas

text: It

text: usually

text: avoids

text: the

text: supernatural

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: related

text: genre

text: of

text: fantasy

text: historically

text: science

text: fiction

text: stories

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: have

text: grounding

text: in

text: science

text: based

text: fact

text: or

text: theory

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: story

text: was

text: created

text: but

text: this

text: connection

text: is

text: now

text: limited

text: to

text: hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: Fantasy is a fiction genre set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Most fantasy uses magic or other supernatural elements as a main plot element, theme, or setting. Magic and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy is generally distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the expectation that it steers clear of scientific and macabre themes, respectively, though there is a great deal of overlap between the three, all of which are subgenres of speculative fiction.

text: Fantasy

text: is

text: fiction

text: genre

text: set

text: in

text: an

text: imaginary

text: universe

text: often

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: without

text: any

text: locations

text: events

text: or

text: people

text: from

text: the

text: real

text: world

text: Most

text: fantasy

text: uses

text: magic

text: or

text: other

text: supernatural

text: elements

text: as

text: main

text: plot

text: element

text: theme

text: or

text: setting

text: Magic

text: and

text: magical

text: creatures

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: imaginary

text: worlds

text: Fantasy

text: is

text: generally

text: distinguished

text: from

text: the

text: genres

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: and

text: horror

text: by

text: the

text: expectation

text: that

text: it

text: steers

text: clear

text: of

text: scientific

text: and

text: macabre

text: themes

text: respectively

text: though

text: there

text: is

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: overlap

text: between

text: the

text: three

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: subgenres

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

question: publisher iron sunrise

answer: ace books

text: ace books