text: Docent is a title at some European universities to denote a specific academic appointment within a set structure of academic ranks below the full professor rank.

text: Docent

text: is

text: title

text: at

text: some

text: European

text: universities

text: to

text: denote

text: specific

text: academic

text: appointment

text: within

text: set

text: structure

text: of

text: academic

text: ranks

text: below

text: the

text: full

text: professor

text: rank

text: The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is one of the oldest universities in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich history, the University of Vienna has developed into one of the biggest universities in Europe, and also one of the most renowned, especially in the Humanities. It is associated with 15 Nobel prize winners and has been the academic home of a large number of figures both of historical and academic importance.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: is

text: public

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Vienna

text: Austria

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Duke

text: Rudolph

text: IV

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: speaking

text: world

text: With

text: its

text: long

text: and

text: rich

text: history

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: has

text: developed

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: universities

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: renowned

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: Humanities

text: It

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: Nobel

text: prize

text: winners

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: academic

text: home

text: of

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: figures

text: both

text: of

text: historical

text: and

text: academic

text: importance

text: The American Psychiatric Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychiatrists and trainee psychiatrists in the United States, and the largest psychiatric organization in the world. Its some 36,000 members are mainly American but some are international. The association publishes various journals and pamphlets, as well as the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM). The DSM codifies psychiatric conditions and is used worldwide as a guide for diagnosing disorders.

text: The

text: American

text: Psychiatric

text: Association

text: APA

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: professional

text: organization

text: of

text: psychiatrists

text: and

text: trainee

text: psychiatrists

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: psychiatric

text: organization

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Its

text: some

text: members

text: are

text: mainly

text: American

text: but

text: some

text: are

text: international

text: The

text: association

text: publishes

text: various

text: journals

text: and

text: pamphlets

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Diagnostic

text: and

text: Statistical

text: Manual

text: of

text: Mental

text: Disorders

text: DSM

text: The

text: DSM

text: codifies

text: psychiatric

text: conditions

text: and

text: is

text: used

text: worldwide

text: as

text: guide

text: for

text: diagnosing

text: disorders

text: Habilitation is a post-doctoral qualification or academic degree at some European and Central Asian, North African, and Latin American universities. It is conferred for a habilitation thesis based on independent scholarship, which was reviewed by and successfully defended before an academic committee in a process similar to that of a doctoral dissertation. In some countries, a habilitation degree is a required formal qualification to independently teach and examine a designated subject at the university level.

text: Habilitation

text: is

text: post

text: doctoral

text: qualification

text: or

text: academic

text: degree

text: at

text: some

text: European

text: and

text: Central

text: Asian

text: North

text: African

text: and

text: Latin

text: American

text: universities

text: It

text: is

text: conferred

text: for

text: habilitation

text: thesis

text: based

text: on

text: independent

text: scholarship

text: which

text: was

text: reviewed

text: by

text: and

text: successfully

text: defended

text: before

text: an

text: academic

text: committee

text: in

text: process

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: doctoral

text: dissertation

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: habilitation

text: degree

text: is

text: required

text: formal

text: qualification

text: to

text: independently

text: teach

text: and

text: examine

text: designated

text: subject

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: level

text: In modern popular fiction, a superhero (sometimes rendered super-hero or super hero) is a type of costumed heroic character who possesses supernatural or superhuman powers and who is dedicated to fighting crime, protecting the public, and usually battling supervillains. A female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine (also rendered super-heroine or super heroine). Fiction centered on such characters, especially in American comic books since the 1930s, is known as superhero fiction.

text: In

text: modern

text: popular

text: fiction

text: superhero

text: sometimes

text: rendered

text: super

text: hero

text: or

text: super

text: hero

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: costumed

text: heroic

text: character

text: who

text: possesses

text: supernatural

text: or

text: superhuman

text: powers

text: and

text: who

text: is

text: dedicated

text: to

text: fighting

text: crime

text: protecting

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: usually

text: battling

text: supervillains

text: female

text: superhero

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: superheroine

text: also

text: rendered

text: super

text: heroine

text: or

text: super

text: heroine

text: Fiction

text: centered

text: on

text: such

text: characters

text: especially

text: in

text: American

text: comic

text: books

text: since

text: the

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: superhero

text: fiction

text: A pseudonym (and ) or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from their original or true name (orthonym). Pseudonyms include stage names and user names (both called "screen names"), ring names, pen names, nicknames, aliases, superhero identities and code names, gamer identifications, and regnal names of emperors, popes, and other monarchs. Historically, they have often taken the form of anagrams, Graecisms, and Latinisations, although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym.

text: pseudonym

text: and

text: or

text: alias

text: is

text: name

text: that

text: person

text: or

text: group

text: assumes

text: for

text: particular

text: purpose

text: which

text: can

text: differ

text: from

text: their

text: original

text: or

text: true

text: name

text: orthonym

text: Pseudonyms

text: include

text: stage

text: names

text: and

text: user

text: names

text: both

text: called

text: screen

text: names

text: ring

text: names

text: pen

text: names

text: nicknames

text: aliases

text: superhero

text: identities

text: and

text: code

text: names

text: gamer

text: identifications

text: and

text: regnal

text: names

text: of

text: emperors

text: popes

text: and

text: other

text: monarchs

text: Historically

text: they

text: have

text: often

text: taken

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: anagrams

text: Graecisms

text: and

text: Latinisations

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: other

text: methods

text: of

text: choosing

text: pseudonym

text: Sigmund Freud ( born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856  23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. In 1938 Freud left Austria to escape the Nazis. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939.

text: Sigmund

text: Freud

text: born

text: Sigismund

text: Schlomo

text: Freud

text: May

text: September

text: was

text: an

text: Austrian

text: neurologist

text: and

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: psychoanalysis

text: clinical

text: method

text: for

text: treating

text: psychopathology

text: through

text: dialogue

text: between

text: patient

text: and

text: psychoanalyst

text: Freud

text: was

text: born

text: to

text: Galician

text: Jewish

text: parents

text: in

text: the

text: Moravian

text: town

text: of

text: Freiberg

text: in

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: He

text: qualified

text: as

text: doctor

text: of

text: medicine

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: Upon

text: completing

text: his

text: habilitation

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: docent

text: in

text: neuropathology

text: and

text: became

text: an

text: affiliated

text: professor

text: in

text: Freud

text: lived

text: and

text: worked

text: in

text: Vienna

text: having

text: set

text: up

text: his

text: clinical

text: practice

text: there

text: in

text: In

text: Freud

text: left

text: Austria

text: to

text: escape

text: the

text: Nazis

text: He

text: died

text: in

text: exile

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: Hysteria, in the colloquial use of the term, means ungovernable emotional excess. Generally, modern medical professionals have abandoned using the term "hysteria" to denote a diagnostic category, replacing it with more precisely defined categories, such as somatization disorder. In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association officially changed the diagnosis of "hysterical neurosis, conversion type" (the most extreme and effective type) to "conversion disorder".

text: Hysteria

text: in

text: the

text: colloquial

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: means

text: ungovernable

text: emotional

text: excess

text: Generally

text: modern

text: medical

text: professionals

text: have

text: abandoned

text: using

text: the

text: term

text: hysteria

text: to

text: denote

text: diagnostic

text: category

text: replacing

text: it

text: with

text: more

text: precisely

text: defined

text: categories

text: such

text: as

text: somatization

text: disorder

text: In

text: the

text: American

text: Psychiatric

text: Association

text: officially

text: changed

text: the

text: diagnosis

text: of

text: hysterical

text: neurosis

text: conversion

text: type

text: the

text: most

text: extreme

text: and

text: effective

text: type

text: to

text: conversion

text: disorder

text:
A regnal name, or reign name, is a name used by some monarchs and popes during their reigns, and used subsequently to refer to them. The term is simply the adjective "regnal", of or relating to a reign, monarch, or kingdom, modifying "name". Since ancient times, monarchs have frequently, but not always, chosen to use a different name from their original name when they accede to the monarchy.
The regnal name is usually followed by a regnal number (ordinal), usually written as a Roman numeral (VI rather than 6), to provide a unique identification for that monarch among other monarchs of that realm. In some cases, the monarch has more than one regnal name, but the regnal number is based on only one of those names, for example Charles X Gustav of Sweden, George Tupou V of Tonga. If a monarch reigns in more than one realm, he or she may carry different ordinals in each one, as they are each assigned chronologically, and some realms may have had different numbers of rulers of the same regnal name previously. For example, the same person was both King James I of England (along with Ireland) and King James VI of Scotland.

text: regnal

text: name

text: or

text: reign

text: name

text: is

text: name

text: used

text: by

text: some

text: monarchs

text: and

text: popes

text: during

text: their

text: reigns

text: and

text: used

text: subsequently

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: them

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: simply

text: the

text: adjective

text: regnal

text: of

text: or

text: relating

text: to

text: reign

text: monarch

text: or

text: kingdom

text: modifying

text: name

text: Since

text: ancient

text: times

text: monarchs

text: have

text: frequently

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: chosen

text: to

text: use

text: different

text: name

text: from

text: their

text: original

text: name

text: when

text: they

text: accede

text: to

text: the

text: monarchy

text: The

text: regnal

text: name

text: is

text: usually

text: followed

text: by

text: regnal

text: number

text: ordinal

text: usually

text: written

text: as

text: Roman

text: numeral

text: VI

text: rather

text: than

text: to

text: provide

text: unique

text: identification

text: for

text: that

text: monarch

text: among

text: other

text: monarchs

text: of

text: that

text: realm

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: the

text: monarch

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: regnal

text: name

text: but

text: the

text: regnal

text: number

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: those

text: names

text: for

text: example

text: Charles

text: Gustav

text: of

text: Sweden

text: George

text: Tupou

text: of

text: Tonga

text: If

text: monarch

text: reigns

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: realm

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: may

text: carry

text: different

text: ordinals

text: in

text: each

text: one

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: each

text: assigned

text: chronologically

text: and

text: some

text: realms

text: may

text: have

text: had

text: different

text: numbers

text: of

text: rulers

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: regnal

text: name

text: previously

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: same

text: person

text: was

text: both

text: King

text: James

text: of

text: England

text: along

text: with

text: Ireland

text: and

text: King

text: James

text: VI

text: of

text: Scotland

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

text: Vienna

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: states

text: of

text: Austria

text: Vienna

text: is

text: Austria

text: 's

text: primary

text: city

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: within

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: nearly

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: Austria

text: 's

text: population

text: and

text: its

text: cultural

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: centre

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Until

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: German

text: speaking

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: before

text: the

text: splitting

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Today

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: after

text: Berlin

text: Vienna

text: is

text: host

text: to

text: many

text: major

text: international

text: organizations

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: OPEC

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: is

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Slovakia

text: and

text: Hungary

text: These

text: regions

text: work

text: together

text: in

text: European

text: Centrope

text: border

text: region

text: Along

text: with

text: nearby

text: Bratislava

text: Vienna

text: forms

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: with

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: was

text: designated

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: Dora is the pseudonym given by Sigmund Freud to a patient whom he diagnosed with hysteria , and treated for about eleven weeks in 1900 . Her most manifest hysterical symptom was aphonia , or loss of voice . The patient 's real name was Ida Bauer ( 1882 -- 1945 ) ; her brother Otto Bauer was a leading member of the Austromarxism movement . Freud published a case study about Dora , Fragments of an Analysis of a Case of Hysteria ( 1905 ( 1901 ) , Standard Edition Vol. 7 , pp. 1 -- 122 ; German : Bruchstücke einer Hysterie - Analyse ) , the first , and subsequently the most controversial , of his published case - studies .

text: Dora

text: is

text: the

text: pseudonym

text: given

text: by

text: Sigmund

text: Freud

text: to

text: patient

text: whom

text: he

text: diagnosed

text: with

text: hysteria

text: and

text: treated

text: for

text: about

text: eleven

text: weeks

text: in

text: Her

text: most

text: manifest

text: hysterical

text: symptom

text: was

text: aphonia

text: or

text: loss

text: of

text: voice

text: The

text: patient

text: 's

text: real

text: name

text: was

text: Ida

text: Bauer

text: her

text: brother

text: Otto

text: Bauer

text: was

text: leading

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Austromarxism

text: movement

text: Freud

text: published

text: case

text: study

text: about

text: Dora

text: Fragments

text: of

text: an

text: Analysis

text: of

text: Case

text: of

text: Hysteria

text: Standard

text: Edition

text: Vol

text: pp

text: German

text: Bruchstücke

text: einer

text: Hysterie

text: Analyse

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: subsequently

text: the

text: most

text: controversial

text: of

text: his

text: published

text: case

text: studies

text: Moravia  is a historical country in the Czech Republic (forming its eastern part) and one of the historical Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The medieval and early modern Margraviate of Moravia was a crown land of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (from 1348 to 1918), an imperial state of the Holy Roman Empire (1004 to 1806), later a crown land of the Austrian Empire (1804 to 1867) and briefly also one of 17 former crown lands of the Cisleithanian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867 to 1918. During the early 20th century, Moravia was one of the five lands of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1928; it was then merged with Czech Silesia, and eventually dissolved by abolition of the land system in 1949.

text: Moravia

text: is

text: historical

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: forming

text: its

text: eastern

text: part

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: historical

text: Czech

text: lands

text: together

text: with

text: Bohemia

text: and

text: Czech

text: Silesia

text: The

text: medieval

text: and

text: early

text: modern

text: Margraviate

text: of

text: Moravia

text: was

text: crown

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Lands

text: of

text: the

text: Bohemian

text: Crown

text: from

text: to

text: an

text: imperial

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: to

text: later

text: crown

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: to

text: and

text: briefly

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: former

text: crown

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: Cisleithanian

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: from

text: to

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Moravia

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: lands

text: of

text: Czechoslovakia

text: from

text: to

text: it

text: was

text: then

text: merged

text: with

text: Czech

text: Silesia

text: and

text: eventually

text: dissolved

text: by

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: system

text: in

annotations: follows single

question: country_of_citizenship dora

answer: austria

text: austria

text: austria

text: austria

text: austria

text: austria

text: austria

text: austria


text: Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808  December 6, 1889) was an American politician who was a U.S. Representative and Senator from Mississippi, the 23rd U.S. Secretary of War, and the President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. He took personal charge of the Confederate war plans but was unable to find a strategy to defeat the more populous and industrialized Union. His diplomatic efforts failed to gain recognition from any foreign country, and at home, the collapsing Confederate economy forced his government to print more and more paper money to cover the war's expenses, leading to runaway inflation and devaluation of the Confederate dollar.

text: Jefferson

text: Finis

text: Davis

text: June

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: who

text: was

text: U.S.

text: Representative

text: and

text: Senator

text: from

text: Mississippi

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Secretary

text: of

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: He

text: took

text: personal

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: Confederate

text: war

text: plans

text: but

text: was

text: unable

text: to

text: find

text: strategy

text: to

text: defeat

text: the

text: more

text: populous

text: and

text: industrialized

text: Union

text: His

text: diplomatic

text: efforts

text: failed

text: to

text: gain

text: recognition

text: from

text: any

text: foreign

text: country

text: and

text: at

text: home

text: the

text: collapsing

text: Confederate

text: economy

text: forced

text: his

text: government

text: to

text: print

text: more

text: and

text: more

text: paper

text: money

text: to

text: cover

text: the

text: war

text: 's

text: expenses

text: leading

text: to

text: runaway

text: inflation

text: and

text: devaluation

text: of

text: the

text: Confederate

text: dollar

text: The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States fought from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America. The Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U.S. history.

text: The

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: was

text: civil

text: war

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: fought

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: Union

text: faced

text: secessionists

text: in

text: eleven

text: Southern

text: states

text: grouped

text: together

text: as

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: The

text: Union

text: won

text: the

text: war

text: which

text: remains

text: the

text: bloodiest

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

text: Roger Weightman Hanson ( August 27 , 1827 -- January 4 , 1863 ) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War . The commander of the famed `` Orphan Brigade , '' he was mortally wounded at the Battle of Murfreesboro . He was nicknamed `` Old Flintlock . ''

text: Roger

text: Weightman

text: Hanson

text: August

text: January

text: was

text: general

text: in

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: Army

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: The

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: famed

text: Orphan

text: Brigade

text: he

text: was

text: mortally

text: wounded

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Murfreesboro

text: He

text: was

text: nicknamed

text: Old

text: Flintlock

text: The Orphan Brigade was the nickname of the First Kentucky Brigade, a group of military units recruited from the Commonwealth of Kentucky to fight for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. The brigade was the largest Confederate unit to be recruited from Kentucky during the war. Its original commander was Major General John C. Breckinridge, former Vice President of the United States and candidate for President, who was enormously popular with Kentuckians.

text: The

text: Orphan

text: Brigade

text: was

text: the

text: nickname

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Kentucky

text: Brigade

text: group

text: of

text: military

text: units

text: recruited

text: from

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Kentucky

text: to

text: fight

text: for

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: The

text: brigade

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: Confederate

text: unit

text: to

text: be

text: recruited

text: from

text: Kentucky

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: Its

text: original

text: commander

text: was

text: Major

text: General

text: John

text: Breckinridge

text: former

text: Vice

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: candidate

text: for

text: President

text: who

text: was

text: enormously

text: popular

text: with

text: Kentuckians

text: The Confederate States Army (CSA) was the military ground force of the Confederate States (C.S.), also known as the "Confederacy", while the Confederacy existed during the American Civil War. On February 28, 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a provisional volunteer army and gave control over military operations and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy and colonel of a volunteer regiment during the Mexican War. In March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress established a more permanent Confederate States Army.

text: The

text: Confederate

text: States

text: Army

text: CSA

text: was

text: the

text: military

text: ground

text: force

text: of

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: C.S.

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: while

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: existed

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: On

text: February

text: the

text: Provisional

text: Confederate

text: Congress

text: established

text: provisional

text: volunteer

text: army

text: and

text: gave

text: control

text: over

text: military

text: operations

text: and

text: authority

text: for

text: mustering

text: state

text: forces

text: and

text: volunteers

text: to

text: the

text: Confederate

text: president

text: Jefferson

text: Davis

text: graduate

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Military

text: Academy

text: and

text: colonel

text: of

text: volunteer

text: regiment

text: during

text: the

text: Mexican

text: War

text: In

text: March

text: the

text: Provisional

text: Confederate

text: Congress

text: established

text: more

text: permanent

text: Confederate

text: States

text: Army

text: Secession (derived from the Latin term "secessio") is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity (a country), but also any organization, union or military alliance. Threats of secession can also be a strategy for achieving more limited goals.

text: Secession

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: term

text: secessio

text: is

text: the

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: group

text: from

text: larger

text: entity

text: especially

text: political

text: entity

text: country

text: but

text: also

text: any

text: organization

text: union

text: or

text: military

text: alliance

text: Threats

text: of

text: secession

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: strategy

text: for

text: achieving

text: more

text: limited

text: goals

text: The Confederate States, officially the Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized breakaway country of 11 secessionist slave states existing from 1861 to 1865. It was originally formed by seven slave states  South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas  in the Lower South region of the United States whose regional economy was mostly dependent upon agriculture, particularly cotton, and a plantation system that relied upon the labor of African-American slaves.

text: The

text: Confederate

text: States

text: officially

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: CSA

text: or

text: C.S.

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: was

text: an

text: unrecognized

text: breakaway

text: country

text: of

text: secessionist

text: slave

text: states

text: existing

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: formed

text: by

text: seven

text: slave

text: states

text: South

text: Carolina

text: Mississippi

text: Florida

text: Alabama

text: Georgia

text: Louisiana

text: and

text: Texas

text: in

text: the

text: Lower

text: South

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: whose

text: regional

text: economy

text: was

text: mostly

text: dependent

text: upon

text: agriculture

text: particularly

text: cotton

text: and

text: plantation

text: system

text: that

text: relied

text: upon

text: the

text: labor

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: slaves

text: John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16, 1821  May 17, 1875) was a lawyer, politician, and soldier from the U.S. state of Kentucky. He represented the state in both houses of Congress and in 1857, became the 14th and youngest-ever Vice President of the United States (185761). He served in the U.S. Senate during the outbreak of the American Civil War, but was expelled after joining the Confederate Army. He remains the only Senator of the United States convicted of treason against the United States of America by the Senate. He was appointed Confederate Secretary of War late in the war. A member of the Breckinridge family, he was the grandson of U.S. Attorney General John Breckinridge, son of Kentucky Secretary of State Cabell Breckinridge and father of Arkansas Congressman Clifton R. Breckinridge.

text: John

text: Cabell

text: Breckinridge

text: January

text: May

text: was

text: lawyer

text: politician

text: and

text: soldier

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Kentucky

text: He

text: represented

text: the

text: state

text: in

text: both

text: houses

text: of

text: Congress

text: and

text: in

text: became

text: the

text: and

text: youngest

text: ever

text: Vice

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: He

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Senate

text: during

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: but

text: was

text: expelled

text: after

text: joining

text: the

text: Confederate

text: Army

text: He

text: remains

text: the

text: only

text: Senator

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: convicted

text: of

text: treason

text: against

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: by

text: the

text: Senate

text: He

text: was

text: appointed

text: Confederate

text: Secretary

text: of

text: War

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Breckinridge

text: family

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: grandson

text: of

text: U.S.

text: Attorney

text: General

text: John

text: Breckinridge

text: son

text: of

text: Kentucky

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: Cabell

text: Breckinridge

text: and

text: father

text: of

text: Arkansas

text: Congressman

text: Clifton

text: Breckinridge

annotations: follows multiple

question: allegiance roger hanson

answer: confederate states of america

text: confederate states of america

text: confederate states of america

text: confederate states of america

text: confederate states of america


text: A movie theater or movie theatre (also called a cinema) is a venue, usually a building, that contains an auditorium for viewing films (also called movies or motion pictures), for entertainment. Most, but not all, movie theaters are commercial operations catering to the general public, who attend by purchasing a ticket. Some movie theaters, however, are operated by non-profit organizations or societies which charge members a membership fee to view films.

text: movie

text: theater

text: or

text: movie

text: theatre

text: also

text: called

text: cinema

text: is

text: venue

text: usually

text: building

text: that

text: contains

text: an

text: auditorium

text: for

text: viewing

text: films

text: also

text: called

text: movies

text: or

text: motion

text: pictures

text: for

text: entertainment

text: Most

text: but

text: not

text: all

text: movie

text: theaters

text: are

text: commercial

text: operations

text: catering

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: who

text: attend

text: by

text: purchasing

text: ticket

text: Some

text: movie

text: theaters

text: however

text: are

text: operated

text: by

text: non

text: profit

text: organizations

text: or

text: societies

text: which

text: charge

text: members

text: membership

text: fee

text: to

text: view

text: films

text: Film Forum is a nonprofit movie theater at 209 West Houston Street in Hudson Square, Manhattan. It began in 1970 as an alternative screening space for independent films, with 50 folding chairs, one projector and a $19,000 annual budget. Karen Cooper became director in 1972. Its current Greenwich Village cinema (on Houston Street, west of Sixth Avenue) was built in 1990. Film Forum is a 3-screen cinema open 365 days a year, with 280,000 annual admissions, nearly 500 seats, 60 employees, 4500 members and an operating budget of $5 million. Film Forum is the only autonomous nonprofit cinema in New York City and one of the few in the United States of America. In 1994, Film Forum was honored with a Village Award by the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation.

text: Film

text: Forum

text: is

text: nonprofit

text: movie

text: theater

text: at

text: West

text: Houston

text: Street

text: in

text: Hudson

text: Square

text: Manhattan

text: It

text: began

text: in

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: screening

text: space

text: for

text: independent

text: films

text: with

text: folding

text: chairs

text: one

text: projector

text: and

text: annual

text: budget

text: Karen

text: Cooper

text: became

text: director

text: in

text: Its

text: current

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: cinema

text: on

text: Houston

text: Street

text: west

text: of

text: Sixth

text: Avenue

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: Film

text: Forum

text: is

text: cinema

text: open

text: days

text: year

text: with

text: annual

text: admissions

text: nearly

text: seats

text: employees

text: members

text: and

text: an

text: operating

text: budget

text: of

text: million

text: Film

text: Forum

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: autonomous

text: nonprofit

text: cinema

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: In

text: Film

text: Forum

text: was

text: honored

text: with

text: Village

text: Award

text: by

text: the

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: Society

text: for

text: Historic

text: Preservation

text: Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636, whose history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities.

text: Harvard

text: University

text: is

text: private

text: Ivy

text: League

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: Massachusetts

text: established

text: in

text: whose

text: history

text: influence

text: and

text: wealth

text: have

text: made

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: prestigious

text: universities

text: Robert Grosvenor Gardner ( November 5 , 1925 -- June 21 , 2014 ) was an American academic , anthropologist , and documentary filmmaker who was the Director of the Film Study Center at Harvard University from 1957 to 1997 . Starting in 1950s , he is known for his work in the field of visual anthropology and films like Dead Birds , and Forest of Bliss . In 2011 , a retrospective of his work was held at Film Forum , New York .

text: Robert

text: Grosvenor

text: Gardner

text: November

text: June

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: academic

text: anthropologist

text: and

text: documentary

text: filmmaker

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: Director

text: of

text: the

text: Film

text: Study

text: Center

text: at

text: Harvard

text: University

text: from

text: to

text: Starting

text: in

text: he

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: visual

text: anthropology

text: and

text: films

text: like

text: Dead

text: Birds

text: and

text: Forest

text: of

text: Bliss

text: In

text: retrospective

text: of

text: his

text: work

text: was

text: held

text: at

text: Film

text: Forum

text: New

text: York

text: Forest of Bliss is a 1986 documentary film by ethnographic filmmaker Robert Gardner about everyday life in Benares, India.

text: Forest

text: of

text: Bliss

text: is

text: documentary

text: film

text: by

text: ethnographic

text: filmmaker

text: Robert

text: Gardner

text: about

text: everyday

text: life

text: in

text: Benares

text: India

text: Manhattan is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and the city's historical birthplace. The borough is coextensive with New York County, founded on November 1, 1683, as one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York. The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the East, Hudson, and Harlem rivers, and also includes several small adjacent islands and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood on the U.S. mainland.

text: Manhattan

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: borough

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: its

text: economic

text: and

text: administrative

text: center

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: historical

text: birthplace

text: The

text: borough

text: is

text: coextensive

text: with

text: New

text: York

text: County

text: founded

text: on

text: November

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: counties

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: The

text: borough

text: consists

text: mostly

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: Island

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: East

text: Hudson

text: and

text: Harlem

text: rivers

text: and

text: also

text: includes

text: several

text: small

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: and

text: Marble

text: Hill

text: small

text: neighborhood

text: on

text: the

text: U.S.

text: mainland

text: Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States, in the Boston metropolitan area.

text: Cambridge

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: Middlesex

text: County

text: Massachusetts

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: Boston

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: Visual anthropology is a subfield of social anthropology that is concerned, in part, with the study and production of ethnographic photography, film and, since the mid-1990s, new media. More recently it has been used by historians of science and visual culture. Although sometimes wrongly conflated with ethnographic film, Visual Anthropology encompasses much more, including the anthropological study of all visual representations such as dance and other kinds of performance, museums and archiving, all visual arts, and the production and reception of mass media. Histories and analyses of representations from many cultures are part of Visual Anthropology: research topics include sandpaintings, tattoos, sculptures and reliefs, cave paintings, scrimshaw, jewelry, hieroglyphics, paintings and photographs. Also within the province of the subfield are studies of human vision, properties of media, the relationship of visual form and function, and applied, collaborative uses of visual representations.

text: Visual

text: anthropology

text: is

text: subfield

text: of

text: social

text: anthropology

text: that

text: is

text: concerned

text: in

text: part

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: ethnographic

text: photography

text: film

text: and

text: since

text: the

text: new

text: media

text: More

text: recently

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: historians

text: of

text: science

text: and

text: visual

text: culture

text: Although

text: sometimes

text: wrongly

text: conflated

text: with

text: ethnographic

text: film

text: Visual

text: Anthropology

text: encompasses

text: much

text: more

text: including

text: the

text: anthropological

text: study

text: of

text: all

text: visual

text: representations

text: such

text: as

text: dance

text: and

text: other

text: kinds

text: of

text: performance

text: museums

text: and

text: archiving

text: all

text: visual

text: arts

text: and

text: the

text: production

text: and

text: reception

text: of

text: mass

text: media

text: Histories

text: and

text: analyses

text: of

text: representations

text: from

text: many

text: cultures

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: Visual

text: Anthropology

text: research

text: topics

text: include

text: sandpaintings

text: tattoos

text: sculptures

text: and

text: reliefs

text: cave

text: paintings

text: scrimshaw

text: jewelry

text: hieroglyphics

text: paintings

text: and

text: photographs

text: Also

text: within

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: subfield

text: are

text: studies

text: of

text: human

text: vision

text: properties

text: of

text: media

text: the

text: relationship

text: of

text: visual

text: form

text: and

text: function

text: and

text: applied

text: collaborative

text: uses

text: of

text: visual

text: representations

text: The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. The term "Ivy League" has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism.

text: The

text: Ivy

text: League

text: is

text: collegiate

text: athletic

text: conference

text: comprising

text: sports

text: teams

text: from

text: eight

text: private

text: institutions

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: Northeastern

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: conference

text: name

text: is

text: also

text: commonly

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: those

text: eight

text: schools

text: as

text: group

text: beyond

text: the

text: sports

text: context

text: The

text: eight

text: institutions

text: are

text: Brown

text: University

text: Columbia

text: University

text: Cornell

text: University

text: Dartmouth

text: College

text: Harvard

text: University

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: Princeton

text: University

text: and

text: Yale

text: University

text: The

text: term

text: Ivy

text: League

text: has

text: connotations

text: of

text: academic

text: excellence

text: selectivity

text: in

text: admissions

text: and

text: social

text: elitism

text: Greenwich Village, often referred to by locals as simply "the Village", is a neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan, New York City. Greenwich Village has been known as an artists' haven, the Bohemian capital, the cradle of the modern LGBT movement, and the East Coast birthplace of both the Beat and '60s counterculture movements. "Groenwijck", one of the Dutch names for the village (meaning "Green District"), was Anglicized to "Greenwich". Two of New York's private colleges, New York University (NYU) and the New School, are located in Greenwich Village.

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: locals

text: as

text: simply

text: the

text: Village

text: is

text: neighborhood

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: side

text: of

text: Lower

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: has

text: been

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: artists

text: haven

text: the

text: Bohemian

text: capital

text: the

text: cradle

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: LGBT

text: movement

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: Coast

text: birthplace

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Beat

text: and

text: counterculture

text: movements

text: Groenwijck

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: names

text: for

text: the

text: village

text: meaning

text: Green

text: District

text: was

text: Anglicized

text: to

text: Greenwich

text: Two

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: private

text: colleges

text: New

text: York

text: University

text: NYU

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: School

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: A research university is a university that expects all its tenured and tenure-track faculty to continuously engage in research, as opposed to merely requiring it as a condition of an initial appointment or tenure. Such universities can be recognized by their strong focus on innovative research and the prestige of their brand names. On the one hand, research universities strive to recruit faculty who are the most brilliant minds in their disciplines in the world, and their students enjoy the opportunity to learn from such experts. On the other hand, new students are often disappointed to realize their undergraduate courses at research universities are overly academic and fail to provide vocational training with immediate "real world" applications; but many employers value degrees from research universities because they know that such coursework develops fundamental skills like critical thinking.

text: research

text: university

text: is

text: university

text: that

text: expects

text: all

text: its

text: tenured

text: and

text: tenure

text: track

text: faculty

text: to

text: continuously

text: engage

text: in

text: research

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: merely

text: requiring

text: it

text: as

text: condition

text: of

text: an

text: initial

text: appointment

text: or

text: tenure

text: Such

text: universities

text: can

text: be

text: recognized

text: by

text: their

text: strong

text: focus

text: on

text: innovative

text: research

text: and

text: the

text: prestige

text: of

text: their

text: brand

text: names

text: On

text: the

text: one

text: hand

text: research

text: universities

text: strive

text: to

text: recruit

text: faculty

text: who

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: brilliant

text: minds

text: in

text: their

text: disciplines

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: their

text: students

text: enjoy

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: learn

text: from

text: such

text: experts

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: new

text: students

text: are

text: often

text: disappointed

text: to

text: realize

text: their

text: undergraduate

text: courses

text: at

text: research

text: universities

text: are

text: overly

text: academic

text: and

text: fail

text: to

text: provide

text: vocational

text: training

text: with

text: immediate

text: real

text: world

text: applications

text: but

text: many

text: employers

text: value

text: degrees

text: from

text: research

text: universities

text: because

text: they

text: know

text: that

text: such

text: coursework

text: develops

text: fundamental

text: skills

text: like

text: critical

text: thinking

text: The Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation (GVSHP) is a non-profit membership organization that seeks to document, honor and preserve the architectural heritage and cultural history of several downtown New York City neighborhoods: Greenwich Village, the Far West Village, the Meatpacking District, the South Village, NoHo, and the East Village.

text: The

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: Society

text: for

text: Historic

text: Preservation

text: GVSHP

text: is

text: non

text: profit

text: membership

text: organization

text: that

text: seeks

text: to

text: document

text: honor

text: and

text: preserve

text: the

text: architectural

text: heritage

text: and

text: cultural

text: history

text: of

text: several

text: downtown

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: neighborhoods

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: the

text: Far

text: West

text: Village

text: the

text: Meatpacking

text: District

text: the

text: South

text: Village

text: NoHo

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: Village

text: New media most commonly refers to content available on-demand through the Internet, accessible on any digital device, usually containing interactive user feedback and creative participation. Common examples of new media include websites such as online newspapers, blogs, wikis, video games and social media. A defining characteristic of new media is dialogue. New Media transmit content through connection and conversation. It enables people around the world to share, comment on, and discuss a wide variety of topics. Unlike any of past technologies, New Media is grounded on an interactive community.

text: New

text: media

text: most

text: commonly

text: refers

text: to

text: content

text: available

text: on

text: demand

text: through

text: the

text: Internet

text: accessible

text: on

text: any

text: digital

text: device

text: usually

text: containing

text: interactive

text: user

text: feedback

text: and

text: creative

text: participation

text: Common

text: examples

text: of

text: new

text: media

text: include

text: websites

text: such

text: as

text: online

text: newspapers

text: blogs

text: wikis

text: video

text: games

text: and

text: social

text: media

text: defining

text: characteristic

text: of

text: new

text: media

text: is

text: dialogue

text: New

text: Media

text: transmit

text: content

text: through

text: connection

text: and

text: conversation

text: It

text: enables

text: people

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: share

text: comment

text: on

text: and

text: discuss

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: topics

text: Unlike

text: any

text: of

text: past

text: technologies

text: New

text: Media

text: is

text: grounded

text: on

text: an

text: interactive

text: community

question: place_of_death robert gardner

answer: boston

text: boston


text: Ammianus Marcellinus (born c. 325330 died c. 391400) was a Roman soldier and historian who wrote the penultimate major historical account surviving from Antiquity (preceding Procopius). His work, known as the Res Gestae, chronicled in Latin the history of Rome from the accession of the emperor Nerva in 96 to the death of Valens at the Battle of Adrianople in 378, although only the sections covering the period 353378 survive.

text: Ammianus

text: Marcellinus

text: born

text: died

text: was

text: Roman

text: soldier

text: and

text: historian

text: who

text: wrote

text: the

text: penultimate

text: major

text: historical

text: account

text: surviving

text: from

text: Antiquity

text: preceding

text: Procopius

text: His

text: work

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Res

text: Gestae

text: chronicled

text: in

text: Latin

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Rome

text: from

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: the

text: emperor

text: Nerva

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Valens

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Adrianople

text: in

text: although

text: only

text: the

text: sections

text: covering

text: the

text: period

text: survive

text: Georgius , commonly called of Cappadocia ( Athan . Ep . ad Episc . 7 ) ; Arian intruding bishop of Alexandria ( 356 -- 361 ) . He was born , according to Ammianus Marcellinus , at Epiphania in Cilicia ( xxii . 11 , 3 ) , and , if so , must have been Cappadocian only by descent . Gregory Nazianzen describes him as not purely free - born ( Orat . xxi . 16 ) , and as `` unlearned , '' but he undoubtedly collected a library which Julian , no bad judge , describes as `` very large and ample , '' richly stored with philosophical , rhetorical , and historical authors , and with various works of `` Galilean '' or Christian theology ( Epp . 9 , 36 ) . In February 356 , after Athanasius had retired from Alexandria in consequence of the attack on his church , which all but ended in his seizure , he heard that George was to be intruded into his throne , as Gregory had been sixteen years previously . George arrived in Alexandria , escorted by soldiers , during Lent 356 ( de Fug . 6 ) . His installation was a signal for new inflictions on Alexandrian church - people . `` After Easter week , '' says Athanasius ( ib . ) , `` virgins were imprisoned , bishops led away in chains '' ( some 26 are named in Hist . Arian . 72 ) ; `` attacks made on houses '' ; and on the first Sunday evening after Pentecost a number of people who had met for prayer in a secluded place were cruelly maltreated by the commander , Sebastian , a `` pitiless Manichaean , '' for refusing to communicate with George . The intruding bishop was a man of resolution and action ( Soz . iii. 7 ) . Gregory of Nazianzus , who disparages his abilities , admits that he was like a `` hand '' to the Arians , while he employed an eloquent prelate -- probably Acacius -- as a `` tongue . '' He belonged to the Acacian section of the party , and was consequently obnoxious to the semi-Arians , who `` deposed him '' in the council of Seleucia . He allowed the notorious adventurer Aetius , founder of the Anomoeans or ultra-Arians , to officiate as deacon at Alexandria , after having been ordained , as Athanasius tells us ( de Synod . 38 ) , by Leontius of Antioch , although he afterwards `` compelled '' the Arian bishops of Egypt to sign the decree of the Acacian synod of Constantinople of 360 against Aetius ( Philost . iii. 2 ) . He induced Theodore , bishop of Oxyrynchus , to submit to degradation from the ministry and to be reordained by him as an Arian bishop ( Lib . Marcell . et Faustini , Sirmond . i. 135 ) . He managed to keep the confidence of Constantius , who congratulated the Alexandrians on having abandoned such `` grovelling teachers '' as Athanasius and entrusted their `` heavenward aspirations '' to the guidance of `` the most venerable George '' ( Athan . Apol . to Const . 30 , 31 ) . But George was far from recommending his form of Christianity either to the orthodox or to the pagans of Alexandria . `` He was severe , '' says Sozomen , `` to the adherents of Athanasius '' , not only forbidding the exercise of their worship , but `` inflicting imprisonment and scourges on men and women after the fashion of a tyrant '' ; while , towards all alike , `` he wielded his authority with more violence than belonged to the episcopal rank and character . '' He was `` hated by the magistrates for his supercilious demeanour , by the people for his tyranny '' ( Soz . iv. 10 , 30 ) . He stood well with Constantius , who was guided theologically by the Acacians ; and it was easy for the `` pope '' of Alexandria to embitter his sovereign ( as Julian says he did , Ep . 10 ) against the Alexandrian community , to name several of its members as disobedient subjects , and to suggest that its grand public buildings ought by rights to pay tax to the treasury ( Ammian . etc. ) . He showed himself a keen man of business , `` buying up the nitre - works , the marshes of papyrus and reed , and the salt lakes '' ( Epiph . Haer . lxxvi . ) . He manifested his anti-pagan zeal by arbitrary acts and insulting speeches , procured the banishment of Zeno , a prominent pagan physician ( Julian , Ep . 45 ) , prevented the pagans from offering sacrifices and celebrating their national feasts ( Soz . iv. 30 ) , brought Artemius , `` duke '' of Egypt , much given to the destruction of idols ( Theod . iii. 18 ) , with an armed force into the superb temple of Serapis at Alexandria , which was forthwith stripped of images , votive offerings , and ornaments ( Julian , l.c . ; Soz . l.c . ) . On 29 August 358 , the people broke into the church of St. Dionysius , where George was then residing , and the soldiers rescued him from their hands with difficulty and after hard fighting . On 2 October he was obliged to leave the city ; and the `` Athanasians '' occupied the churches from 11 October to 24 December , when they were again ejected by Sebastian . Probably George returned soon after he had quitted the Seleucian council , i.e. in November 359 . The news of Julian 's accession arrived at Alexandria 30 November 361 . George was in the height of his pride and power : he had persecuted and mocked the pagans ( Socr . iii. 2 ; Maff . Frag . ; Ammian . ) , who now , being officially informed that there was an emperor who worshipped the gods , felt that the gods could at last be avenged . The shout arose , `` Away with George ! '' and `` in a moment , '' says the Fragmentist , they threw him into prison , with Diodorus and Dracontius , the master of the mint , who had overthrown a pagan altar which he found standing there ( Ammian . ) . The captives were kept in irons until the morning of 24 December . Then the pagan mob again assembled , dragged them forth with `` horrible shouts '' of triumph , and kicked them to death . They flung the mangled body of George on a camel , which they led through every part of the city , dragging the two other corpses along with ropes , and eventually burned the remains on the shore , casting the ashes into the sea . The Arians regarded George as a martyr ; and Edward Gibbon took an evident pleasure in representing `` the renowned St. George of England '' as the Alexandrian usurper `` transformed '' into a heroic soldier - saint ; but Bishop Milner ( Hist . Inquiry into the Existence and Character of St. George , 1792 ) and others have shown that this assumption of identity is manifestly false , the St. George who is patron saint of England being of an earlier date , though of that saint 's life , country , or date we have no certain information , such traditions as we possess being given in the next art.

text: Georgius

text: commonly

text: called

text: of

text: Cappadocia

text: Athan

text: Ep

text: ad

text: Episc

text: Arian

text: intruding

text: bishop

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: according

text: to

text: Ammianus

text: Marcellinus

text: at

text: Epiphania

text: in

text: Cilicia

text: xxii

text: and

text: if

text: so

text: must

text: have

text: been

text: Cappadocian

text: only

text: by

text: descent

text: Gregory

text: Nazianzen

text: describes

text: him

text: as

text: not

text: purely

text: free

text: born

text: Orat

text: xxi

text: and

text: as

text: unlearned

text: but

text: he

text: undoubtedly

text: collected

text: library

text: which

text: Julian

text: no

text: bad

text: judge

text: describes

text: as

text: very

text: large

text: and

text: ample

text: richly

text: stored

text: with

text: philosophical

text: rhetorical

text: and

text: historical

text: authors

text: and

text: with

text: various

text: works

text: of

text: Galilean

text: or

text: Christian

text: theology

text: Epp

text: In

text: February

text: after

text: Athanasius

text: had

text: retired

text: from

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: attack

text: on

text: his

text: church

text: which

text: all

text: but

text: ended

text: in

text: his

text: seizure

text: he

text: heard

text: that

text: George

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: intruded

text: into

text: his

text: throne

text: as

text: Gregory

text: had

text: been

text: sixteen

text: years

text: previously

text: George

text: arrived

text: in

text: Alexandria

text: escorted

text: by

text: soldiers

text: during

text: Lent

text: de

text: Fug

text: His

text: installation

text: was

text: signal

text: for

text: new

text: inflictions

text: on

text: Alexandrian

text: church

text: people

text: After

text: Easter

text: week

text: says

text: Athanasius

text: ib

text: virgins

text: were

text: imprisoned

text: bishops

text: led

text: away

text: in

text: chains

text: some

text: are

text: named

text: in

text: Hist

text: Arian

text: attacks

text: made

text: on

text: houses

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: first

text: Sunday

text: evening

text: after

text: Pentecost

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: had

text: met

text: for

text: prayer

text: in

text: secluded

text: place

text: were

text: cruelly

text: maltreated

text: by

text: the

text: commander

text: Sebastian

text: pitiless

text: Manichaean

text: for

text: refusing

text: to

text: communicate

text: with

text: George

text: The

text: intruding

text: bishop

text: was

text: man

text: of

text: resolution

text: and

text: action

text: Soz

text: iii

text: Gregory

text: of

text: Nazianzus

text: who

text: disparages

text: his

text: abilities

text: admits

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: like

text: hand

text: to

text: the

text: Arians

text: while

text: he

text: employed

text: an

text: eloquent

text: prelate

text: probably

text: Acacius

text: as

text: tongue

text: He

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: Acacian

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: party

text: and

text: was

text: consequently

text: obnoxious

text: to

text: the

text: semi

text: Arians

text: who

text: deposed

text: him

text: in

text: the

text: council

text: of

text: Seleucia

text: He

text: allowed

text: the

text: notorious

text: adventurer

text: Aetius

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Anomoeans

text: or

text: ultra

text: Arians

text: to

text: officiate

text: as

text: deacon

text: at

text: Alexandria

text: after

text: having

text: been

text: ordained

text: as

text: Athanasius

text: tells

text: us

text: de

text: Synod

text: by

text: Leontius

text: of

text: Antioch

text: although

text: he

text: afterwards

text: compelled

text: the

text: Arian

text: bishops

text: of

text: Egypt

text: to

text: sign

text: the

text: decree

text: of

text: the

text: Acacian

text: synod

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: of

text: against

text: Aetius

text: Philost

text: iii

text: He

text: induced

text: Theodore

text: bishop

text: of

text: Oxyrynchus

text: to

text: submit

text: to

text: degradation

text: from

text: the

text: ministry

text: and

text: to

text: be

text: reordained

text: by

text: him

text: as

text: an

text: Arian

text: bishop

text: Lib

text: Marcell

text: et

text: Faustini

text: Sirmond

text: He

text: managed

text: to

text: keep

text: the

text: confidence

text: of

text: Constantius

text: who

text: congratulated

text: the

text: Alexandrians

text: on

text: having

text: abandoned

text: such

text: grovelling

text: teachers

text: as

text: Athanasius

text: and

text: entrusted

text: their

text: heavenward

text: aspirations

text: to

text: the

text: guidance

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: venerable

text: George

text: Athan

text: Apol

text: to

text: Const

text: But

text: George

text: was

text: far

text: from

text: recommending

text: his

text: form

text: of

text: Christianity

text: either

text: to

text: the

text: orthodox

text: or

text: to

text: the

text: pagans

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: He

text: was

text: severe

text: says

text: Sozomen

text: to

text: the

text: adherents

text: of

text: Athanasius

text: not

text: only

text: forbidding

text: the

text: exercise

text: of

text: their

text: worship

text: but

text: inflicting

text: imprisonment

text: and

text: scourges

text: on

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: after

text: the

text: fashion

text: of

text: tyrant

text: while

text: towards

text: all

text: alike

text: he

text: wielded

text: his

text: authority

text: with

text: more

text: violence

text: than

text: belonged

text: to

text: the

text: episcopal

text: rank

text: and

text: character

text: He

text: was

text: hated

text: by

text: the

text: magistrates

text: for

text: his

text: supercilious

text: demeanour

text: by

text: the

text: people

text: for

text: his

text: tyranny

text: Soz

text: iv

text: He

text: stood

text: well

text: with

text: Constantius

text: who

text: was

text: guided

text: theologically

text: by

text: the

text: Acacians

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: easy

text: for

text: the

text: pope

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: to

text: embitter

text: his

text: sovereign

text: as

text: Julian

text: says

text: he

text: did

text: Ep

text: against

text: the

text: Alexandrian

text: community

text: to

text: name

text: several

text: of

text: its

text: members

text: as

text: disobedient

text: subjects

text: and

text: to

text: suggest

text: that

text: its

text: grand

text: public

text: buildings

text: ought

text: by

text: rights

text: to

text: pay

text: tax

text: to

text: the

text: treasury

text: Ammian

text: etc

text: He

text: showed

text: himself

text: keen

text: man

text: of

text: business

text: buying

text: up

text: the

text: nitre

text: works

text: the

text: marshes

text: of

text: papyrus

text: and

text: reed

text: and

text: the

text: salt

text: lakes

text: Epiph

text: Haer

text: lxxvi

text: He

text: manifested

text: his

text: anti

text: pagan

text: zeal

text: by

text: arbitrary

text: acts

text: and

text: insulting

text: speeches

text: procured

text: the

text: banishment

text: of

text: Zeno

text: prominent

text: pagan

text: physician

text: Julian

text: Ep

text: prevented

text: the

text: pagans

text: from

text: offering

text: sacrifices

text: and

text: celebrating

text: their

text: national

text: feasts

text: Soz

text: iv

text: brought

text: Artemius

text: duke

text: of

text: Egypt

text: much

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: idols

text: Theod

text: iii

text: with

text: an

text: armed

text: force

text: into

text: the

text: superb

text: temple

text: of

text: Serapis

text: at

text: Alexandria

text: which

text: was

text: forthwith

text: stripped

text: of

text: images

text: votive

text: offerings

text: and

text: ornaments

text: Julian

text: l.c

text: Soz

text: l.c

text: On

text: August

text: the

text: people

text: broke

text: into

text: the

text: church

text: of

text: St.

text: Dionysius

text: where

text: George

text: was

text: then

text: residing

text: and

text: the

text: soldiers

text: rescued

text: him

text: from

text: their

text: hands

text: with

text: difficulty

text: and

text: after

text: hard

text: fighting

text: On

text: October

text: he

text: was

text: obliged

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: Athanasians

text: occupied

text: the

text: churches

text: from

text: October

text: to

text: December

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: again

text: ejected

text: by

text: Sebastian

text: Probably

text: George

text: returned

text: soon

text: after

text: he

text: had

text: quitted

text: the

text: Seleucian

text: council

text: i.e.

text: in

text: November

text: The

text: news

text: of

text: Julian

text: 's

text: accession

text: arrived

text: at

text: Alexandria

text: November

text: George

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: his

text: pride

text: and

text: power

text: he

text: had

text: persecuted

text: and

text: mocked

text: the

text: pagans

text: Socr

text: iii

text: Maff

text: Frag

text: Ammian

text: who

text: now

text: being

text: officially

text: informed

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: emperor

text: who

text: worshipped

text: the

text: gods

text: felt

text: that

text: the

text: gods

text: could

text: at

text: last

text: be

text: avenged

text: The

text: shout

text: arose

text: Away

text: with

text: George

text: and

text: in

text: moment

text: says

text: the

text: Fragmentist

text: they

text: threw

text: him

text: into

text: prison

text: with

text: Diodorus

text: and

text: Dracontius

text: the

text: master

text: of

text: the

text: mint

text: who

text: had

text: overthrown

text: pagan

text: altar

text: which

text: he

text: found

text: standing

text: there

text: Ammian

text: The

text: captives

text: were

text: kept

text: in

text: irons

text: until

text: the

text: morning

text: of

text: December

text: Then

text: the

text: pagan

text: mob

text: again

text: assembled

text: dragged

text: them

text: forth

text: with

text: horrible

text: shouts

text: of

text: triumph

text: and

text: kicked

text: them

text: to

text: death

text: They

text: flung

text: the

text: mangled

text: body

text: of

text: George

text: on

text: camel

text: which

text: they

text: led

text: through

text: every

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: dragging

text: the

text: two

text: other

text: corpses

text: along

text: with

text: ropes

text: and

text: eventually

text: burned

text: the

text: remains

text: on

text: the

text: shore

text: casting

text: the

text: ashes

text: into

text: the

text: sea

text: The

text: Arians

text: regarded

text: George

text: as

text: martyr

text: and

text: Edward

text: Gibbon

text: took

text: an

text: evident

text: pleasure

text: in

text: representing

text: the

text: renowned

text: St.

text: George

text: of

text: England

text: as

text: the

text: Alexandrian

text: usurper

text: transformed

text: into

text: heroic

text: soldier

text: saint

text: but

text: Bishop

text: Milner

text: Hist

text: Inquiry

text: into

text: the

text: Existence

text: and

text: Character

text: of

text: St.

text: George

text: and

text: others

text: have

text: shown

text: that

text: this

text: assumption

text: of

text: identity

text: is

text: manifestly

text: false

text: the

text: St.

text: George

text: who

text: is

text: patron

text: saint

text: of

text: England

text: being

text: of

text: an

text: earlier

text: date

text: though

text: of

text: that

text: saint

text: 's

text: life

text: country

text: or

text: date

text: we

text: have

text: no

text: certain

text: information

text: such

text: traditions

text: as

text: we

text: possess

text: being

text: given

text: in

text: the

text: next

text: art

text: The Battle of Adrianople (9 August 378), sometimes known as the Battle of Hadrianopolis, was fought between an Eastern Roman army led by the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens and Gothic rebels (largely Thervings as well as Greutungs, non-Gothic Alans, and various local rebels) led by Fritigern. The battle took place about north of Adrianople (modern Edirne in European Turkey, near the border with Greece and Bulgaria) in the Roman province of Thracia. It ended with an overwhelming victory for the Goths and the death of Emperor Valens.

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Adrianople

text: August

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Hadrianopolis

text: was

text: fought

text: between

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: army

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: Valens

text: and

text: Gothic

text: rebels

text: largely

text: Thervings

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Greutungs

text: non

text: Gothic

text: Alans

text: and

text: various

text: local

text: rebels

text: led

text: by

text: Fritigern

text: The

text: battle

text: took

text: place

text: about

text: north

text: of

text: Adrianople

text: modern

text: Edirne

text: in

text: European

text: Turkey

text: near

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Greece

text: and

text: Bulgaria

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Thracia

text: It

text: ended

text: with

text: an

text: overwhelming

text: victory

text: for

text: the

text: Goths

text: and

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Valens

text: Valens (328  9 August 378), fully "Flavius Julius Valens Augustus", was Eastern Roman Emperor from 364 to 378. He was given the eastern half of the empire by his brother Valentinian I after the latter's accession to the throne. Valens, sometimes known as the Last True Roman, was defeated and killed in the Battle of Adrianople, which marked the beginning of the collapse of the decaying Western Roman Empire.

text: Valens

text: August

text: fully

text: Flavius

text: Julius

text: Valens

text: Augustus

text: was

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: eastern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: by

text: his

text: brother

text: Valentinian

text: after

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: accession

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: Valens

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Last

text: True

text: Roman

text: was

text: defeated

text: and

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Adrianople

text: which

text: marked

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: decaying

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

annotations: likely single

annotations: likely multiple

question: country_of_citizenship george of cappadocia

answer: roman empire

text: roman empire


text: Crac is a 1981 animated short film produced, written and directed by Frédéric Back. The story follows the experiences of a rocking chair, from its creation from a tree through its time as a member of a Canadian farming family.

text: Crac

text: is

text: animated

text: short

text: film

text: produced

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Frédéric

text: Back

text: The

text: story

text: follows

text: the

text: experiences

text: of

text: rocking

text: chair

text: from

text: its

text: creation

text: from

text: tree

text: through

text: its

text: time

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: Canadian

text: farming

text: family

text: The Man Who Planted Trees ( French : L'homme qui plantait des arbres ) is a 1987 Canadian short animated film directed by Frédéric Back . It is based on Jean Giono 's novel The Man Who Planted Trees . This 30 - minute film was distributed in two versions , French and English , narrated respectively by actors Philippe Noiret and Christopher Plummer , and produced by Radio - Canada . It is available on a Region 1 DVD , either on its own or with other animated films directed by Frédéric Back .

text: The

text: Man

text: Who

text: Planted

text: Trees

text: French

text: L'homme

text: qui

text: plantait

text: des

text: arbres

text: is

text: Canadian

text: short

text: animated

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Frédéric

text: Back

text: It

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: Jean

text: Giono

text: 's

text: novel

text: The

text: Man

text: Who

text: Planted

text: Trees

text: This

text: minute

text: film

text: was

text: distributed

text: in

text: two

text: versions

text: French

text: and

text: English

text: narrated

text: respectively

text: by

text: actors

text: Philippe

text: Noiret

text: and

text: Christopher

text: Plummer

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Radio

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: available

text: on

text: Region

text: DVD

text: either

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: or

text: with

text: other

text: animated

text: films

text: directed

text: by

text: Frédéric

text: Back

text: An artist is a person engaged in one or more of any of a broad spectrum of activities related to creating art, practicing the arts or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse is a practitioner in the visual arts only. The term is often used in the entertainment business, especially in a business context, for musicians and other performers (less often for actors). "Artiste" (the French for artist) is a variant used in English only in this context. Use of the term to describe writers, for example, is valid, but less common, and mostly restricted to contexts like criticism.

text: An

text: artist

text: is

text: person

text: engaged

text: in

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: any

text: of

text: broad

text: spectrum

text: of

text: activities

text: related

text: to

text: creating

text: art

text: practicing

text: the

text: arts

text: or

text: demonstrating

text: an

text: art

text: The

text: common

text: usage

text: in

text: both

text: everyday

text: speech

text: and

text: academic

text: discourse

text: is

text: practitioner

text: in

text: the

text: visual

text: arts

text: only

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: entertainment

text: business

text: especially

text: in

text: business

text: context

text: for

text: musicians

text: and

text: other

text: performers

text: less

text: often

text: for

text: actors

text: Artiste

text: the

text: French

text: for

text: artist

text: is

text: variant

text: used

text: in

text: English

text: only

text: in

text: this

text: context

text: Use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: describe

text: writers

text: for

text: example

text: is

text: valid

text: but

text: less

text: common

text: and

text: mostly

text: restricted

text: to

text: contexts

text: like

text: criticism

text: Provence (Provençal: "Provença" in classical norm or "Prouvènço" in Mistralian norm) is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône River to the west to the Italian border to the east, and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south. It largely corresponds with the modern administrative "région" of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, and includes the "départements" of Var, Bouches-du-Rhône, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and parts of Alpes-Maritimes and Vaucluse. The largest city of the region is Marseille.

text: Provence

text: Provençal

text: Provença

text: in

text: classical

text: norm

text: or

text: Prouvènço

text: in

text: Mistralian

text: norm

text: is

text: geographical

text: region

text: and

text: historical

text: province

text: of

text: southeastern

text: France

text: which

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: left

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: Rhône

text: River

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: Italian

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: largely

text: corresponds

text: with

text: the

text: modern

text: administrative

text: région

text: of

text: Provence

text: Alpes

text: Côte

text: d'Azur

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: départements

text: of

text: Var

text: Bouches

text: du

text: Rhône

text: Alpes

text: de

text: Haute

text: Provence

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Alpes

text: Maritimes

text: and

text: Vaucluse

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: Marseille

text: Philippe Noiret (1 October 1930  23 November 2006) was a French film actor.

text: Philippe

text: Noiret

text: October

text: November

text: was

text: French

text: film

text: actor

text: The Man Who Planted Trees (French title L'homme qui plantait des arbres) is an allegorical tale by French author Jean Giono, published in 1953.

text: The

text: Man

text: Who

text: Planted

text: Trees

text: French

text: title

text: L'homme

text: qui

text: plantait

text: des

text: arbres

text: is

text: an

text: allegorical

text: tale

text: by

text: French

text: author

text: Jean

text: Giono

text: published

text: in

text: The Academy Awards, or "Oscars", is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements in the United States film industry as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname "Oscar." The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS.

text: The

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: or

text: Oscars

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: American

text: awards

text: ceremony

text: hosted

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: AMPAS

text: to

text: recognize

text: excellence

text: in

text: cinematic

text: achievements

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: film

text: industry

text: as

text: assessed

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: 's

text: voting

text: membership

text: The

text: various

text: category

text: winners

text: are

text: awarded

text: copy

text: of

text: statuette

text: officially

text: called

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: of

text: Merit

text: which

text: has

text: become

text: commonly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: nickname

text: Oscar

text: The

text: awards

text: first

text: presented

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: Roosevelt

text: Hotel

text: are

text: overseen

text: by

text: AMPAS

text: A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film.

text: film

text: director

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: directs

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: film

text: Generally

text: film

text: director

text: controls

text: film

text: 's

text: artistic

text: and

text: dramatic

text: aspects

text: and

text: visualizes

text: the

text: script

text: while

text: guiding

text: the

text: technical

text: crew

text: and

text: actors

text: in

text: the

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: that

text: vision

text: The

text: director

text: has

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: choosing

text: the

text: cast

text: members

text: production

text: design

text: and

text: the

text: creative

text: aspects

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: Under

text: European

text: Union

text: law

text: the

text: director

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.

text: An

text: actor

text: or

text: actress

text: for

text: females

text: see

text: terminology

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: portrays

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: actor

text: performs

text: in

text: the

text: flesh

text: in

text: the

text: traditional

text: medium

text: of

text: the

text: theatre

text: or

text: in

text: modern

text: mediums

text: such

text: as

text: film

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: The

text: analogous

text: Greek

text: term

text: is

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: answers

text: The

text: actor

text: 's

text: interpretation

text: of

text: their

text: role

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: played

text: whether

text: based

text: on

text: real

text: person

text: or

text: fictional

text: character

text: Interpretation

text: occurs

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: actor

text: is

text: playing

text: themselves

text: as

text: in

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: experimental

text: performance

text: art

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: to

text: act

text: is

text: to

text: create

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: Arthur Christopher Orme Plummer (born December 13, 1929) is a Canadian theatre, film and television actor.

text: Arthur

text: Christopher

text: Orme

text: Plummer

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: Canadian

text: theatre

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: actor

text: Jean Giono (30 March 1895  8 October 1970) was a French author who wrote works of fiction mostly set in the Provence region of France.

text: Jean

text: Giono

text: March

text: October

text: was

text: French

text: author

text: who

text: wrote

text: works

text: of

text: fiction

text: mostly

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: Provence

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: Frédéric Back, (April 8, 1924  December 24, 2013) was a Canadian artist and film director of short animated films. During a long career with Radio-Canada, the French-language service of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, he was nominated for four Academy Awards, winning two, for his 1981 film "Crac" and the 1987 film "The Man Who Planted Trees".

text: Frédéric

text: Back

text: April

text: December

text: was

text: Canadian

text: artist

text: and

text: film

text: director

text: of

text: short

text: animated

text: films

text: During

text: long

text: career

text: with

text: Radio

text: Canada

text: the

text: French

text: language

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Broadcasting

text: Corporation

text: he

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: four

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: winning

text: two

text: for

text: his

text: film

text: Crac

text: and

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: Man

text: Who

text: Planted

text: Trees

question: instance_of the man who planted trees

answer: short film

text: short film