text: A seaside resort is a resort town or resort hotel, located on the coast. Sometimes it is also an officially accredited title, that is only awarded to a town when the requirements are met (like the title "Seebad" in Germany).

text: seaside

text: resort

text: is

text: resort

text: town

text: or

text: resort

text: hotel

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: Sometimes

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: officially

text: accredited

text: title

text: that

text: is

text: only

text: awarded

text: to

text: town

text: when

text: the

text: requirements

text: are

text: met

text: like

text: the

text: title

text: Seebad

text: in

text: Germany

text: Frederick Holman ( March 1885 -- 23 January 1913 ) was an English competitive swimmer from Dawlish , Devon , England . Holman represented Great Britain at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , where he won the gold medal in the men 's 200 - metre breaststroke event and did not compete in any other events . Holman is an `` Honor Swimmer '' member of the International Swimming Hall of Fame .

text: Frederick

text: Holman

text: March

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: competitive

text: swimmer

text: from

text: Dawlish

text: Devon

text: England

text: Holman

text: represented

text: Great

text: Britain

text: at

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: in

text: London

text: where

text: he

text: won

text: the

text: gold

text: medal

text: in

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: metre

text: breaststroke

text: event

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: compete

text: in

text: any

text: other

text: events

text: Holman

text: is

text: an

text: Honor

text: Swimmer

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Swimming

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: Mount Vesuvius ( also "Vesevus" or "Vesaevus" in some Roman sources) is a somma-stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania, Italy, about east of Naples and a short distance from the shore. It is one of several volcanoes which form the Campanian volcanic arc. Vesuvius consists of a large cone partially encircled by the steep rim of a summit caldera caused by the collapse of an earlier and originally much higher structure.

text: Mount

text: Vesuvius

text: also

text: Vesevus

text: or

text: Vesaevus

text: in

text: some

text: Roman

text: sources

text: is

text: somma

text: stratovolcano

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Naples

text: in

text: Campania

text: Italy

text: about

text: east

text: of

text: Naples

text: and

text: short

text: distance

text: from

text: the

text: shore

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: volcanoes

text: which

text: form

text: the

text: Campanian

text: volcanic

text: arc

text: Vesuvius

text: consists

text: of

text: large

text: cone

text: partially

text: encircled

text: by

text: the

text: steep

text: rim

text: of

text: summit

text: caldera

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: an

text: earlier

text: and

text: originally

text: much

text: higher

text: structure

text: Devon (archaically known as Devonshire) is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south. It is part of South West England, bounded by Cornwall to the west, Somerset to the northeast, and Dorset to the east. The City of Exeter is the county town; seven other districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, Torridge, and West Devon are under the jurisdiction of Devon County Council; Plymouth and Torbay are each a part of Devon but administered as unitary authorities. Combined as a ceremonial county, Devon's area is and its population is about 1.1 million.

text: Devon

text: archaically

text: known

text: as

text: Devonshire

text: is

text: county

text: of

text: England

text: reaching

text: from

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: bounded

text: by

text: Cornwall

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Somerset

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Dorset

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Exeter

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: seven

text: other

text: districts

text: of

text: East

text: Devon

text: Mid

text: Devon

text: North

text: Devon

text: South

text: Hams

text: Teignbridge

text: Torridge

text: and

text: West

text: Devon

text: are

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: Devon

text: County

text: Council

text: Plymouth

text: and

text: Torbay

text: are

text: each

text: part

text: of

text: Devon

text: but

text: administered

text: as

text: unitary

text: authorities

text: Combined

text: as

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: Devon

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: and

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: about

text: million

text: Teignbridge is a local government district in Devon, England. Its council is based in Newton Abbot.

text: Teignbridge

text: is

text: local

text: government

text: district

text: in

text: Devon

text: England

text: Its

text: council

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: Newton

text: Abbot

text: The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London, England from 27 April to 31 October 1908. These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome, but were re-located on financial grounds following a disastrous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906. They were the fourth chronological modern Olympic Games in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle as opposed to the proposed Intercalated Games alternate four-year cycle. The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Lasting a total of 187 days, or 6 months and 4 days, these games were the longest in modern Olympics history.

text: The

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: officially

text: the

text: Games

text: of

text: the

text: IV

text: Olympiad

text: were

text: an

text: international

text: multi

text: sport

text: event

text: which

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: in

text: London

text: England

text: from

text: April

text: to

text: October

text: These

text: games

text: were

text: originally

text: scheduled

text: to

text: be

text: held

text: in

text: Rome

text: but

text: were

text: re

text: located

text: on

text: financial

text: grounds

text: following

text: disastrous

text: eruption

text: of

text: Mount

text: Vesuvius

text: in

text: They

text: were

text: the

text: fourth

text: chronological

text: modern

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: in

text: keeping

text: with

text: the

text: now

text: accepted

text: four

text: year

text: cycle

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: proposed

text: Intercalated

text: Games

text: alternate

text: four

text: year

text: cycle

text: The

text: IOC

text: president

text: for

text: these

text: Games

text: was

text: Baron

text: Pierre

text: de

text: Coubertin

text: Lasting

text: total

text: of

text: days

text: or

text: months

text: and

text: days

text: these

text: games

text: were

text: the

text: longest

text: in

text: modern

text: Olympics

text: history

text: The Intercalated Olympic Games were to be a series of "International Olympic Games" halfway between what is now known as the Games of the Olympiad. This proposed series of games, intercalated in the Olympic Games cycle, was to always be held in Athens, and were to have equal status with the international games. However, the only such games were held in 1906.

text: The

text: Intercalated

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: series

text: of

text: International

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: halfway

text: between

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Games

text: of

text: the

text: Olympiad

text: This

text: proposed

text: series

text: of

text: games

text: intercalated

text: in

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: cycle

text: was

text: to

text: always

text: be

text: held

text: in

text: Athens

text: and

text: were

text: to

text: have

text: equal

text: status

text: with

text: the

text: international

text: games

text: However

text: the

text: only

text: such

text: games

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: Dawlish is a town and civil parish in Teignbridge on the south coast of Devon in England, from the county town of Exeter. It has a population of 12,819, decreasing to 11,312 at the 2011 census. During the 18th century, it grew from a small fishing port to become a well-known seaside resort. Dawlish has two electoral wards (Central and North East, and the South West). Their combined population at the 2011 census was 13,161.

text: Dawlish

text: is

text: town

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: Teignbridge

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: Devon

text: in

text: England

text: from

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Exeter

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: decreasing

text: to

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: grew

text: from

text: small

text: fishing

text: port

text: to

text: become

text: well

text: known

text: seaside

text: resort

text: Dawlish

text: has

text: two

text: electoral

text: wards

text: Central

text: and

text: North

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: West

text: Their

text: combined

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: was

text: Rome is a city and special "comune" (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated "comune" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states.

text: Rome

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: special

text: comune

text: named

text: Roma

text: Capitale

text: in

text: Italy

text: Rome

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Italy

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Lazio

text: region

text: With

text: residents

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: comune

text: and

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Rome

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: residents

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: Peninsula

text: within

text: Lazio

text: Latium

text: along

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Tiber

text: river

text: The

text: Vatican

text: City

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: country

text: geographically

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Rome

text: the

text: only

text: existing

text: example

text: of

text: country

text: within

text: city

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: Rome

text: has

text: been

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: capital

text: of

text: two

text: states

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

question: place_of_death frederick holman

answer: exeter

text: exeter

text: exeter


text: Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, consisting of the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. The island, in area, lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola (the island containing the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Jamaica is the fourth-largest island country in the Caribbean, by area.

text: Jamaica

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: country

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: The

text: island

text: in

text: area

text: lies

text: about

text: south

text: of

text: Cuba

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Hispaniola

text: the

text: island

text: containing

text: the

text: nation

text: states

text: of

text: Haiti

text: and

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: Jamaica

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: by

text: area

text: The Constitutional Court of South Africa is a supreme constitutional court established by the Constitution of South Africa. It was originally the final appellate court for constitutional matters. Since the enactment of the Superior Courts Act in 2013, the Constitutional Court has jurisdiction to hear any matter if it is in the interests of justice for it to do so.

text: The

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: supreme

text: constitutional

text: court

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: the

text: final

text: appellate

text: court

text: for

text: constitutional

text: matters

text: Since

text: the

text: enactment

text: of

text: the

text: Superior

text: Courts

text: Act

text: in

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: has

text: jurisdiction

text: to

text: hear

text: any

text: matter

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: justice

text: for

text: it

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: The Pearl River Delta (PRD), also known as Zhujiang Delta or Zhusanjiao, is the low-lying area surrounding the Pearl River estuary, where the Pearl River flows into the South China Sea. It is one of the most densely urbanised regions in the world and is an economic hub of China. This region is often considered an emerging megacity. The PRD is a megalopolis, with future development into a single mega metropolitan area, yet itself is at the southern end of a larger megalopolis running along the southern coast of China, which include metropolises such as Chaoshan, Zhangzhou-Xiamen, Quanzhou-Putian, and Fuzhou. The nine largest cities of PRD had a combined population of 57.15 million at the end of 2013, comprising 53.69% of the provincial population. According to the World Bank Group, the PRD has become the largest urban area in the world in both size and population.

text: The

text: Pearl

text: River

text: Delta

text: PRD

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Zhujiang

text: Delta

text: or

text: Zhusanjiao

text: is

text: the

text: low

text: lying

text: area

text: surrounding

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: estuary

text: where

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: urbanised

text: regions

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: economic

text: hub

text: of

text: China

text: This

text: region

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: an

text: emerging

text: megacity

text: The

text: PRD

text: is

text: megalopolis

text: with

text: future

text: development

text: into

text: single

text: mega

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: yet

text: itself

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: larger

text: megalopolis

text: running

text: along

text: the

text: southern

text: coast

text: of

text: China

text: which

text: include

text: metropolises

text: such

text: as

text: Chaoshan

text: Zhangzhou

text: Xiamen

text: Quanzhou

text: Putian

text: and

text: Fuzhou

text: The

text: nine

text: largest

text: cities

text: of

text: PRD

text: had

text: combined

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: comprising

text: of

text: the

text: provincial

text: population

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: Bank

text: Group

text: the

text: PRD

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: both

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean meet. It is south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Haiti, and north of Jamaica. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola, with over 11 million inhabitants.

text: Cuba

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Cuba

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Cuba

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Isla

text: de

text: la

text: Juventud

text: and

text: several

text: minor

text: archipelagos

text: Cuba

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Caribbean

text: where

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: meet

text: It

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Florida

text: and

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: west

text: of

text: Haiti

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: Havana

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: capital

text: other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Cuba

text: and

text: Camagüey

text: Cuba

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: after

text: Hispaniola

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Fiji ((), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about northeast of New Zealand's North Island. Its closest neighbours are Vanuatu to the west, New Caledonia to the southwest, New Zealand's Kermadec Islands to the southeast, Tonga to the east, the Samoas and France's Wallis and Futuna to the northeast, and Tuvalu to the north.

text: Fiji

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Fiji

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: Melanesia

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: about

text: northeast

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: 's

text: North

text: Island

text: Its

text: closest

text: neighbours

text: are

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: New

text: Caledonia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: New

text: Zealand

text: 's

text: Kermadec

text: Islands

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Tonga

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Samoas

text: and

text: France

text: 's

text: Wallis

text: and

text: Futuna

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Tuvalu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review. Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and 30 other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: judicial

text: forum

text: and

text: final

text: court

text: of

text: appeal

text: under

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: India

text: the

text: highest

text: constitutional

text: court

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: constitutional

text: review

text: Consisting

text: of

text: the

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: other

text: judges

text: it

text: has

text: extensive

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: original

text: appellate

text: and

text: advisory

text: jurisdictions

text: The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada, the final court of appeals in the Canadian justice system. The court grants permission to between 40 and 75 litigants each year to appeal decisions rendered by provincial, territorial and federal appellate courts. Its decisions are the ultimate expression and application of Canadian law and binding upon all lower courts of Canada, except to the extent that they are overridden or otherwise made ineffective by an Act of Parliament or the Act of a provincial legislative assembly pursuant to Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the notwithstanding clause).

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Canada

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: of

text: Canada

text: the

text: final

text: court

text: of

text: appeals

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: justice

text: system

text: The

text: court

text: grants

text: permission

text: to

text: between

text: and

text: litigants

text: each

text: year

text: to

text: appeal

text: decisions

text: rendered

text: by

text: provincial

text: territorial

text: and

text: federal

text: appellate

text: courts

text: Its

text: decisions

text: are

text: the

text: ultimate

text: expression

text: and

text: application

text: of

text: Canadian

text: law

text: and

text: binding

text: upon

text: all

text: lower

text: courts

text: of

text: Canada

text: except

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: overridden

text: or

text: otherwise

text: made

text: ineffective

text: by

text: an

text: Act

text: of

text: Parliament

text: or

text: the

text: Act

text: of

text: provincial

text: legislative

text: assembly

text: pursuant

text: to

text: Section

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Charter

text: of

text: Rights

text: and

text: Freedoms

text: the

text: notwithstanding

text: clause

text: Guangdong (Simplified ) is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. Formerly romanised as Canton or Kwangtung, Guangdong surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79.1 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year; the total population was 104,303,132 in the 2010 census, accounting for 7.79 percent of Mainland China's population. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China. The population increase since the census has been modest, the province at 2014 end had 107,240,000 people.

text: Guangdong

text: Simplified

text: is

text: province

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Formerly

text: romanised

text: as

text: Canton

text: or

text: Kwangtung

text: Guangdong

text: surpassed

text: Henan

text: and

text: Sichuan

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: in

text: China

text: in

text: January

text: registering

text: million

text: permanent

text: residents

text: and

text: million

text: migrants

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: six

text: months

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: accounting

text: for

text: percent

text: of

text: Mainland

text: China

text: 's

text: population

text: The

text: provincial

text: capital

text: Guangzhou

text: and

text: economic

text: hub

text: Shenzhen

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: important

text: cities

text: in

text: China

text: The

text: population

text: increase

text: since

text: the

text: census

text: has

text: been

text: modest

text: the

text: province

text: at

text: end

text: had

text: people

text: The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SC) ("Adlat-e-Uzma Pkistn") is the apex court in the of Pakistan, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. The Supreme Court has a permanent seat in Islamabad. It also has a number of Branch Registries where cases are heard. The court has a number of "de jure" powers, outlined in the Constitution. Through several periods of military rule and constitutional suspensions (see Doctrine of necessity), the court has also established itself as a "de facto" check on military power.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: SC

text: Adlat

text: Uzma

text: Pkistn

text: is

text: the

text: apex

text: court

text: in

text: the

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: the

text: final

text: arbiter

text: of

text: legal

text: and

text: constitutional

text: disputes

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: permanent

text: seat

text: in

text: Islamabad

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: number

text: of

text: Branch

text: Registries

text: where

text: cases

text: are

text: heard

text: The

text: court

text: has

text: number

text: of

text: de

text: jure

text: powers

text: outlined

text: in

text: the

text: Constitution

text: Through

text: several

text: periods

text: of

text: military

text: rule

text: and

text: constitutional

text: suspensions

text: see

text: Doctrine

text: of

text: necessity

text: the

text: court

text: has

text: also

text: established

text: itself

text: as

text: de

text: facto

text: check

text: on

text: military

text: power

text: New Zealand is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmassesthat of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Mui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamuand numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland.

text: New

text: Zealand

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: The

text: country

text: geographically

text: comprises

text: two

text: main

text: landmassesthat

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Island

text: or

text: Te

text: Ika

text: Mui

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Island

text: or

text: Te

text: Waipounamuand

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: New

text: Zealand

text: is

text: situated

text: some

text: east

text: of

text: Australia

text: across

text: the

text: Tasman

text: Sea

text: and

text: roughly

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: island

text: areas

text: of

text: New

text: Caledonia

text: Fiji

text: and

text: Tonga

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: remoteness

text: it

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: lands

text: to

text: be

text: settled

text: by

text: humans

text: During

text: its

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: isolation

text: New

text: Zealand

text: developed

text: distinct

text: biodiversity

text: of

text: animal

text: fungal

text: and

text: plant

text: life

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: varied

text: topography

text: and

text: its

text: sharp

text: mountain

text: peaks

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Southern

text: Alps

text: owe

text: much

text: to

text: the

text: tectonic

text: uplift

text: of

text: land

text: and

text: volcanic

text: eruptions

text: New

text: Zealand

text: 's

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Wellington

text: while

text: its

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Auckland

text: A barrister (also known as barrister-at-law or bar-at-law) is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions who works at higher levels of court. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the philosophy, hypothesis and history of law, and giving expert legal opinions. Often, barristers are also recognised as "legal scholars".

text: barrister

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: barrister

text: at

text: law

text: or

text: bar

text: at

text: law

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: lawyer

text: in

text: common

text: law

text: jurisdictions

text: who

text: works

text: at

text: higher

text: levels

text: of

text: court

text: Barristers

text: mostly

text: specialise

text: in

text: courtroom

text: advocacy

text: and

text: litigation

text: Their

text: tasks

text: include

text: taking

text: cases

text: in

text: superior

text: courts

text: and

text: tribunals

text: drafting

text: legal

text: pleadings

text: researching

text: the

text: philosophy

text: hypothesis

text: and

text: history

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: giving

text: expert

text: legal

text: opinions

text: Often

text: barristers

text: are

text: also

text: recognised

text: as

text: legal

text: scholars

text: A court is a tribunal, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law. In both common law and civil law legal systems, courts are the central means for dispute resolution, and it is generally understood that all persons have an ability to bring their claims before a court. Similarly, the rights of those accused of a crime include the right to present a defense before a court.

text: court

text: is

text: tribunal

text: often

text: as

text: government

text: institution

text: with

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: adjudicate

text: legal

text: disputes

text: between

text: parties

text: and

text: carry

text: out

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: justice

text: in

text: civil

text: criminal

text: and

text: administrative

text: matters

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: In

text: both

text: common

text: law

text: and

text: civil

text: law

text: legal

text: systems

text: courts

text: are

text: the

text: central

text: means

text: for

text: dispute

text: resolution

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: generally

text: understood

text: that

text: all

text: persons

text: have

text: an

text: ability

text: to

text: bring

text: their

text: claims

text: before

text: court

text: Similarly

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: those

text: accused

text: of

text: crime

text: include

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: present

text: defense

text: before

text: court

text: The Chief Justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in any of many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Singapore, the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Japan, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Nepal, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the High Court of Australia, the Supreme Court of the United States, and provincial or state supreme courts.

text: The

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: is

text: the

text: presiding

text: member

text: of

text: supreme

text: court

text: in

text: any

text: of

text: many

text: countries

text: with

text: justice

text: system

text: based

text: on

text: English

text: common

text: law

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Canada

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Singapore

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Final

text: Appeal

text: of

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Japan

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: India

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Nepal

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Australia

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: provincial

text: or

text: state

text: supreme

text: courts

text: Sir Fielding Clarke ( 1851 - 1928 ) was a British colonial barrister , civil servant and jurist . He served as Chief Justice of Fiji , Hong Kong and Jamaica .

text: Sir

text: Fielding

text: Clarke

text: was

text: British

text: colonial

text: barrister

text: civil

text: servant

text: and

text: jurist

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: Fiji

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Jamaica

text: East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it includes China, Hong Kong, and Macao; Mongolia and Taiwan; North and South Korea; and Japan; it covers about , or about 28% of the Asian continent, about twice the area of Europe.

text: East

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: subregion

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: defined

text: in

text: either

text: geographical

text: or

text: ethno

text: cultural

text: terms

text: Geographically

text: and

text: geopolitically

text: it

text: includes

text: China

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macao

text: Mongolia

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: and

text: Japan

text: it

text: covers

text: about

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: about

text: twice

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Europe

text: A lawyer is a person who practices law, as an advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor or solicitor or chartered legal executive. Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.

text: lawyer

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: practices

text: law

text: as

text: an

text: advocate

text: barrister

text: attorney

text: counselor

text: or

text: solicitor

text: or

text: chartered

text: legal

text: executive

text: Working

text: as

text: lawyer

text: involves

text: the

text: practical

text: application

text: of

text: abstract

text: legal

text: theories

text: and

text: knowledge

text: to

text: solve

text: specific

text: individualized

text: problems

text: or

text: to

text: advance

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: hire

text: lawyers

text: to

text: perform

text: legal

text: services

text: An island country is a country whose primary territory consists of one or more islands or parts of islands. As of 2011, 46 (approximately 24%) of the 193 UN member states are island countries.

text: An

text: island

text: country

text: is

text: country

text: whose

text: primary

text: territory

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: islands

text: or

text: parts

text: of

text: islands

text: As

text: of

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: UN

text: member

text: states

text: are

text: island

text: countries

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Tonga (or ; Tongan: "Puleanga Fakatui o Tonga"), officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is a Polynesian sovereign state and archipelago comprising 169 islands of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area is about scattered over of the southern Pacific Ocean. It has a population of 103,000 people of whom 70% reside on the main island of Tongatapu.

text: Tonga

text: or

text: Tongan

text: Puleanga

text: Fakatui

text: Tonga

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Tonga

text: is

text: Polynesian

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: archipelago

text: comprising

text: islands

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: inhabited

text: The

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: is

text: about

text: scattered

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: people

text: of

text: whom

text: reside

text: on

text: the

text: main

text: island

text: of

text: Tongatapu

text: The Chief Justice is Fiji's highest judicial officer. The office and its responsibilities are set out in Chapter 5 of the 2013 Constitution of Fiji. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister, who is required by the Constitution to consult the Attorney-General (Section 106-1). Under the previous 1997 Constitution, the Prime Minister was required to consult with the Leader of the Opposition. The appointment is permanent, until the Chief Justice reaches the age of 75 years (Section 110-1).

text: The

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: is

text: Fiji

text: 's

text: highest

text: judicial

text: officer

text: The

text: office

text: and

text: its

text: responsibilities

text: are

text: set

text: out

text: in

text: Chapter

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Fiji

text: The

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: is

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: on

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: who

text: is

text: required

text: by

text: the

text: Constitution

text: to

text: consult

text: the

text: Attorney

text: General

text: Section

text: Under

text: the

text: previous

text: Constitution

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: consult

text: with

text: the

text: Leader

text: of

text: the

text: Opposition

text: The

text: appointment

text: is

text: permanent

text: until

text: the

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: reaches

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: years

text: Section

text: Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total land area of and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities, it ranks as the world's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory.

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: officially

text: the

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Special

text: Administrative

text: Region

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: territory

text: on

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: Delta

text: of

text: East

text: Asia

text: Macau

text: lies

text: across

text: the

text: delta

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Chinese

text: province

text: of

text: Guangdong

text: borders

text: the

text: territory

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: With

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: of

text: various

text: nationalities

text: it

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: sovereign

text: state

text: or

text: territory

text: The Supreme Court of Nepal is the highest court in Nepal. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all Appellate and District court. The court consists of twenty Justices and one Chief Justice.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Nepal

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: in

text: Nepal

text: It

text: has

text: ultimate

text: appellate

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: all

text: Appellate

text: and

text: District

text: court

text: The

text: court

text: consists

text: of

text: twenty

text: Justices

text: and

text: one

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: The Dominican Republic is a sovereign state occupying the eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western one-third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands, along with Saint Martin, that are shared by two countries. The Dominican Republic is the second-largest Caribbean nation by area (after Cuba) at , and 3rd by population with 10.08 million people, of which approximately three million live in the metropolitan area of Santo Domingo, the capital city.

text: The

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: occupying

text: the

text: eastern

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Hispaniola

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: archipelago

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: region

text: The

text: western

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: is

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: nation

text: of

text: Haiti

text: making

text: Hispaniola

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: Caribbean

text: islands

text: along

text: with

text: Saint

text: Martin

text: that

text: are

text: shared

text: by

text: two

text: countries

text: The

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: Caribbean

text: nation

text: by

text: area

text: after

text: Cuba

text: at

text: and

text: by

text: population

text: with

text: million

text: people

text: of

text: which

text: approximately

text: three

text: million

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: Santo

text: Domingo

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text:
A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputeswhether or not it is called a tribunal in its title.
For example, an advocate who appears before a court with a single judge could describe that judge as 'their tribunal'. Many governmental bodies that are titled 'tribunals' are so described to emphasize that they are not courts of normal jurisdiction. For example, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda is a body specially constituted under international law; in Great Britain, employment tribunals are bodies set up to hear specific employment disputes. Private judicial bodies are also often styled 'tribunals'. The word "tribunal" is not conclusive of a body's function. For example, in Great Britain, the Employment Appeal Tribunal is a superior court of record.

text: tribunal

text: generally

text: is

text: any

text: person

text: or

text: institution

text: with

text: authority

text: to

text: judge

text: adjudicate

text: on

text: or

text: determine

text: claims

text: or

text: disputeswhether

text: or

text: not

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: tribunal

text: in

text: its

text: title

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: advocate

text: who

text: appears

text: before

text: court

text: with

text: single

text: judge

text: could

text: describe

text: that

text: judge

text: as

text: their

text: tribunal

text: Many

text: governmental

text: bodies

text: that

text: are

text: titled

text: tribunals

text: are

text: so

text: described

text: to

text: emphasize

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: courts

text: of

text: normal

text: jurisdiction

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: International

text: Criminal

text: Tribunal

text: for

text: Rwanda

text: is

text: body

text: specially

text: constituted

text: under

text: international

text: law

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: employment

text: tribunals

text: are

text: bodies

text: set

text: up

text: to

text: hear

text: specific

text: employment

text: disputes

text: Private

text: judicial

text: bodies

text: are

text: also

text: often

text: styled

text: tribunals

text: The

text: word

text: tribunal

text: is

text: not

text: conclusive

text: of

text: body

text: 's

text: function

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: Employment

text: Appeal

text: Tribunal

text: is

text: superior

text: court

text: of

text: record

text: The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest federal court of the United States. Established pursuant to Article III of the United States Constitution in 1789, it has ultimate (and largely discretionary) appellate jurisdiction over all federal courts and over state court cases involving issues of federal law, plus original jurisdiction over a small range of cases. In the legal system of the United States, the Supreme Court is the final interpreter of federal constitutional law, although it may only act within the context of a case in which it has jurisdiction.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: federal

text: court

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Established

text: pursuant

text: to

text: Article

text: III

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: in

text: it

text: has

text: ultimate

text: and

text: largely

text: discretionary

text: appellate

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: all

text: federal

text: courts

text: and

text: over

text: state

text: court

text: cases

text: involving

text: issues

text: of

text: federal

text: law

text: plus

text: original

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: small

text: range

text: of

text: cases

text: In

text: the

text: legal

text: system

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: is

text: the

text: final

text: interpreter

text: of

text: federal

text: constitutional

text: law

text: although

text: it

text: may

text: only

text: act

text: within

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: case

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: has

text: jurisdiction

text: The North Island or Te Ika-a-Mui ("Mori") is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the slightly larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island's area is , making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of

text: The

text: North

text: Island

text: or

text: Te

text: Ika

text: Mui

text: Mori

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: main

text: islands

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: slightly

text: larger

text: but

text: much

text: less

text: populous

text: South

text: Island

text: by

text: Cook

text: Strait

text: The

text: island

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: island

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: Common law (also known as case law or precedent) is law developed by judges, courts, and similar tribunals, stated in decisions that nominally decide individual cases but that in addition have precedential effect on future cases. Common law is a third branch of law, in contrast to and on equal footing with statutes which are adopted through the legislative process, and regulations which are promulgated by the executive branch. In cases where the parties disagree on what the law is, a common law court looks to past precedential decisions of relevant courts. If a similar dispute has been resolved in the past, the court is usually bound to follow the reasoning used in the prior decision (a principle known as "stare decisis"). If, however, the court finds that the current dispute is fundamentally distinct from all previous cases (called a "matter of first impression"), judges have the authority and duty to resolve the issue (one party or the other has to win, and on disagreements of law, judges make that decision). Resolution of the issue in one case becomes precedent that binds future courts. "Stare decisis", the principle that cases should be decided according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar results, lies at the heart of all common law systems.

text: Common

text: law

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: case

text: law

text: or

text: precedent

text: is

text: law

text: developed

text: by

text: judges

text: courts

text: and

text: similar

text: tribunals

text: stated

text: in

text: decisions

text: that

text: nominally

text: decide

text: individual

text: cases

text: but

text: that

text: in

text: addition

text: have

text: precedential

text: effect

text: on

text: future

text: cases

text: Common

text: law

text: is

text: third

text: branch

text: of

text: law

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: and

text: on

text: equal

text: footing

text: with

text: statutes

text: which

text: are

text: adopted

text: through

text: the

text: legislative

text: process

text: and

text: regulations

text: which

text: are

text: promulgated

text: by

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: In

text: cases

text: where

text: the

text: parties

text: disagree

text: on

text: what

text: the

text: law

text: is

text: common

text: law

text: court

text: looks

text: to

text: past

text: precedential

text: decisions

text: of

text: relevant

text: courts

text: If

text: similar

text: dispute

text: has

text: been

text: resolved

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: the

text: court

text: is

text: usually

text: bound

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: reasoning

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: prior

text: decision

text: principle

text: known

text: as

text: stare

text: decisis

text: If

text: however

text: the

text: court

text: finds

text: that

text: the

text: current

text: dispute

text: is

text: fundamentally

text: distinct

text: from

text: all

text: previous

text: cases

text: called

text: matter

text: of

text: first

text: impression

text: judges

text: have

text: the

text: authority

text: and

text: duty

text: to

text: resolve

text: the

text: issue

text: one

text: party

text: or

text: the

text: other

text: has

text: to

text: win

text: and

text: on

text: disagreements

text: of

text: law

text: judges

text: make

text: that

text: decision

text: Resolution

text: of

text: the

text: issue

text: in

text: one

text: case

text: becomes

text: precedent

text: that

text: binds

text: future

text: courts

text: Stare

text: decisis

text: the

text: principle

text: that

text: cases

text: should

text: be

text: decided

text: according

text: to

text: consistent

text: principled

text: rules

text: so

text: that

text: similar

text: facts

text: will

text: yield

text: similar

text: results

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: all

text: common

text: law

text: systems

text: Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti, is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is in size and has an estimated 10.6 million people, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean as a whole.

text: Haiti

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Haiti

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Hispaniola

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: archipelago

text: of

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: It

text: occupies

text: the

text: western

text: three

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: which

text: it

text: shares

text: with

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: Haiti

text: is

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Community

text: CARICOM

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: as

text: whole

text: Advocacy is an activity by an individual or group which aims to influence decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions. Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research or conducting exit poll or the filing of an amicus brief. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy where a direct approach is made to legislators on an issue which plays a significant role in modern politics. Research has started to address how advocacy groups in the United States and Canada are using social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.

text: Advocacy

text: is

text: an

text: activity

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: group

text: which

text: aims

text: to

text: influence

text: decisions

text: within

text: political

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: systems

text: and

text: institutions

text: Advocacy

text: can

text: include

text: many

text: activities

text: that

text: person

text: or

text: organization

text: undertakes

text: including

text: media

text: campaigns

text: public

text: speaking

text: commissioning

text: and

text: publishing

text: research

text: or

text: conducting

text: exit

text: poll

text: or

text: the

text: filing

text: of

text: an

text: amicus

text: brief

text: Lobbying

text: often

text: by

text: lobby

text: groups

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: advocacy

text: where

text: direct

text: approach

text: is

text: made

text: to

text: legislators

text: on

text: an

text: issue

text: which

text: plays

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: modern

text: politics

text: Research

text: has

text: started

text: to

text: address

text: how

text: advocacy

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: are

text: using

text: social

text: media

text: to

text: facilitate

text: civic

text: engagement

text: and

text: collective

text: action

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: occupation fielding clarke

answer: judge

text: judge

text: judge

text: judge