text: The Diocese of Borgå is a Diocese for the Swedish-speaking minority of Finland. It is a part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. Porvoo ("Borgå" in Swedish) is also the old seat of the present-day (Finnish-speaking) Diocese of Tampere.

text: The

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Borgå

text: is

text: Diocese

text: for

text: the

text: Swedish

text: speaking

text: minority

text: of

text: Finland

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Evangelical

text: Lutheran

text: Church

text: of

text: Finland

text: Porvoo

text: Borgå

text: in

text: Swedish

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: old

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Finnish

text: speaking

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Tampere

text: Fennoscandia , Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is the geographical peninsula of the Nordic region comprising the Scandinavian Peninsula, Finland, Karelia, and the Kola Peninsula. It encompasses Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, much of the Republic of Karelia and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia. Its name comes from the Latin words "Fennia" (Finland) and "Scandia" (Scandinavian). The term was first used by the Finnish geologist Wilhelm Ramsay in 1898. Geologically, the area is distinct because its bedrock is Archaean granite and gneiss with very little limestone, in contrast to neighboring areas in Europe.

text: Fennoscandia

text: Fenno

text: Scandinavia

text: or

text: the

text: Fennoscandian

text: Peninsula

text: is

text: the

text: geographical

text: peninsula

text: of

text: the

text: Nordic

text: region

text: comprising

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: Peninsula

text: Finland

text: Karelia

text: and

text: the

text: Kola

text: Peninsula

text: It

text: encompasses

text: Finland

text: Norway

text: and

text: Sweden

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Murmansk

text: Oblast

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Karelia

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: northern

text: Leningrad

text: Oblast

text: in

text: Russia

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: words

text: Fennia

text: Finland

text: and

text: Scandia

text: Scandinavian

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Finnish

text: geologist

text: Wilhelm

text: Ramsay

text: in

text: Geologically

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: distinct

text: because

text: its

text: bedrock

text: is

text: Archaean

text: granite

text: and

text: gneiss

text: with

text: very

text: little

text: limestone

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: neighboring

text: areas

text: in

text: Europe

text: Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term, geographically, Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north; which includes (from west to east) most or all of: Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, the Netherlands, northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, northern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and northwest Russia. However, narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors, such as climate and ecology. Greenland, geographically a part of North America, is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and may be included depending on the definition.

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: or

text: region

text: of

text: Europe

text: Although

text: no

text: definitive

text: borders

text: or

text: definition

text: exists

text: for

text: the

text: term

text: geographically

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: consist

text: approximately

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: above

text: the

text: parallel

text: north

text: which

text: includes

text: from

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: Iceland

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: northern

text: Germany

text: Denmark

text: Norway

text: Sweden

text: northern

text: Poland

text: Finland

text: Estonia

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: northwest

text: Russia

text: However

text: narrower

text: definitions

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: based

text: on

text: other

text: geographical

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: climate

text: and

text: ecology

text: Greenland

text: geographically

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: politically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: included

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: definition

text: Rolf Johan Witting ( 30 September 1879 in Viipuri -- 11 October 1944 in Porvoo ) was a Finnish oceanographist and politician , member of four of Finland 's cabinets 1924 -- 1943 .

text: Rolf

text: Johan

text: Witting

text: September

text: in

text: Viipuri

text: October

text: in

text: Porvoo

text: was

text: Finnish

text: oceanographist

text: and

text: politician

text: member

text: of

text: four

text: of

text: Finland

text: 's

text: cabinets

text: Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.

text: Finland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Finland

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: peninsula

text: with

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Sweden

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Estonia

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Finland

text: is

text: Nordic

text: country

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: Fennoscandia

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: Scandinavia

text: Finland

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: staying

text: roughly

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: level

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: two

text: decades

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

text: Sweden

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Swedish

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Denmark

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: bridge

text: tunnel

text: across

text: the

text: Öresund

text: At

text: Sweden

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Sweden

text: consequently

text: has

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Porvoo is a city and a municipality situated on the southern coast of Finland approximately east of Helsinki. Porvoo is one of the six medieval towns in Finland, first mentioned as a city in texts from 14th century. Porvoo is the seat of the Swedish-speaking Diocese of Borgå of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland.

text: Porvoo

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: municipality

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: coast

text: of

text: Finland

text: approximately

text: east

text: of

text: Helsinki

text: Porvoo

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: medieval

text: towns

text: in

text: Finland

text: first

text: mentioned

text: as

text: city

text: in

text: texts

text: from

text: century

text: Porvoo

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Swedish

text: speaking

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Borgå

text: of

text: the

text: Evangelical

text: Lutheran

text: Church

text: of

text: Finland

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: "Norgga"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.

text: Norway

text: Norwegian

text: Bokmål

text: or

text: Nynorsk

text: Sami

text: Norgga

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Norway

text: is

text: sovereign

text: and

text: unitary

text: monarchy

text: whose

text: territory

text: comprises

text: the

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: Peninsula

text: plus

text: the

text: island

text: Jan

text: Mayen

text: and

text: the

text: archipelago

text: of

text: Svalbard

text: The

text: Antarctic

text: Peter

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: sub

text: Antarctic

text: Bouvet

text: Island

text: are

text: dependent

text: territories

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: Norway

text: also

text: lays

text: claim

text: to

text: section

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: known

text: as

text: Queen

text: Maud

text: Land

text: Until

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: included

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: since

text: Greenland

text: and

text: Iceland

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: Shetland

text: and

text: Orkney

text: until

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: following

text: provinces

text: now

text: in

text: Sweden

text: Jämtland

text: Härjedalen

text: and

text: Bohuslän

question: languages_spoken_or_written rolf witting

answer: swedish

text: swedish

text: swedish

text: swedish

text: swedish


text: The commanding officer (CO) or, if the incumbent is a general officer, commanding general (CG), is the officer in command of a military unit. Typically, the commanding officer has ultimate authority over the unit, and is usually given wide latitude to run the unit as he or she sees fit, within the bounds of military law. In this respect, commanding officers have significant responsibilities (for example, the use of force, finances, equipment, the Geneva Conventions), duties (to higher authority, mission effectiveness, duty of care to personnel), and powers (for example, discipline and punishment of personnel within certain limits of military law).

text: The

text: commanding

text: officer

text: CO

text: or

text: if

text: the

text: incumbent

text: is

text: general

text: officer

text: commanding

text: general

text: CG

text: is

text: the

text: officer

text: in

text: command

text: of

text: military

text: unit

text: Typically

text: the

text: commanding

text: officer

text: has

text: ultimate

text: authority

text: over

text: the

text: unit

text: and

text: is

text: usually

text: given

text: wide

text: latitude

text: to

text: run

text: the

text: unit

text: as

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: sees

text: fit

text: within

text: the

text: bounds

text: of

text: military

text: law

text: In

text: this

text: respect

text: commanding

text: officers

text: have

text: significant

text: responsibilities

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: force

text: finances

text: equipment

text: the

text: Geneva

text: Conventions

text: duties

text: to

text: higher

text: authority

text: mission

text: effectiveness

text: duty

text: of

text: care

text: to

text: personnel

text: and

text: powers

text: for

text: example

text: discipline

text: and

text: punishment

text: of

text: personnel

text: within

text: certain

text: limits

text: of

text: military

text: law

text:
Command generally refers to the ability to "dominate an area of situation".
There are several definitions of command and control (C2). According to older versions of U.S. Army FM 3-0, C2 in a military organization is the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commanding officer over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. The term may also refer to command and control systems within a military system.

text: Command

text: generally

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: dominate

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: situation

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: definitions

text: of

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: According

text: to

text: older

text: versions

text: of

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: FM

text: in

text: military

text: organization

text: is

text: the

text: exercise

text: of

text: authority

text: and

text: direction

text: by

text: properly

text: designated

text: commanding

text: officer

text: over

text: assigned

text: and

text: attached

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: accomplishment

text: of

text: the

text: mission

text: The

text: term

text: may

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: systems

text: within

text: military

text: system

text: The military, also called the armed forces, are forces authorized to use deadly force, and weapons, to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens. The task of the military is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens, and the prosecution of war against another state. The military may also have additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within a society, including, the promotion of a political agenda, protecting corporate economic interests, internal population control, construction, emergency services, social ceremonies, and guarding important areas. The military can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil society, through the development of separate infrastructures, which may include housing, schools, utilities, food production and banking.

text: The

text: military

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: are

text: forces

text: authorized

text: to

text: use

text: deadly

text: force

text: and

text: weapons

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: citizens

text: The

text: task

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: is

text: usually

text: defined

text: as

text: defense

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: its

text: citizens

text: and

text: the

text: prosecution

text: of

text: war

text: against

text: another

text: state

text: The

text: military

text: may

text: also

text: have

text: additional

text: sanctioned

text: and

text: non

text: sanctioned

text: functions

text: within

text: society

text: including

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: political

text: agenda

text: protecting

text: corporate

text: economic

text: interests

text: internal

text: population

text: control

text: construction

text: emergency

text: services

text: social

text: ceremonies

text: and

text: guarding

text: important

text: areas

text: The

text: military

text: can

text: also

text: function

text: as

text: discrete

text: subculture

text: within

text: larger

text: civil

text: society

text: through

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: separate

text: infrastructures

text: which

text: may

text: include

text: housing

text: schools

text: utilities

text: food

text: production

text: and

text: banking

text: The word authority (derived from the Latin word "auctoritas") can be used to mean the right to exercise power given by the State (in the form of government, judges, police officers, etc.), or by academic knowledge of an area (someone that can be an authority on a subject).

text: The

text: word

text: authority

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: auctoritas

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: mean

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: exercise

text: power

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: State

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: judges

text: police

text: officers

text: etc

text: or

text: by

text: academic

text: knowledge

text: of

text: an

text: area

text: someone

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: an

text: authority

text: on

text: subject

text: Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 121 ( VAW - 121 ) , also known as the `` Bluetails '' , is an Airborne Early Warning ( AEW ) and Command and control ( CC ) squadron operating the E- 2D Hawkeye based at NAS Norfolk . Currently a part of Carrier Air Wing 11 , the Bluetails deploy aboard the USS Nimitz .

text: Carrier

text: Airborne

text: Early

text: Warning

text: Squadron

text: VAW

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Bluetails

text: is

text: an

text: Airborne

text: Early

text: Warning

text: AEW

text: and

text: Command

text: and

text: control

text: CC

text: squadron

text: operating

text: the

text: E-

text: Hawkeye

text: based

text: at

text: NAS

text: Norfolk

text: Currently

text: part

text: of

text: Carrier

text: Air

text: Wing

text: the

text: Bluetails

text: deploy

text: aboard

text: the

text: USS

text: Nimitz

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of vaw-121

answer: military unit

text: military unit


text: Harvey Cedars Hotel is the last remaining historic hotel of its size located on Long Beach Island , NJ in the town of Harvey Cedars ( although at the time it was built , it was known as High Point ) . It was begun in the 1830s as a fishing and hunting hotel on the then , scarcely inhabited Long Beach Island . Originally a small hotel , it was built expanded in the 1870s and 1880s . A large renovation , completed in 1903 , led to the 3 - storey structure which was kept rather similar until the late 1990s when sections of it were gutted and rebuilt , completely out of style with the Victorian architecture . It served as the Harvey Cedars Hotel until around the 1910s when it went out of business . In the early 1920s the property was purchased by the Philadelphia YWCA and turned into Camp Whelen , a Christian summer camp for young girls . Camp Whelen survived until the Depression . After shutting down due to declining attendance , the hotel was abandoned for about 10 years . At this time Presbyterian minister Jack Murray purchased the hotel , and converted it into Harvey Cedars Presbyterian Bible Conference . After several years of directing the conference , Jack left the operations to Al Oldham . The name was changed to Harvey Cedars Bible Conference , and was run by Al until the mid- 90 's when the director position was passed on to his son , Jon Oldham . Years of neglect to the physical property led to decisions to renovate in the ' 90 's up to the present time .

text: Harvey

text: Cedars

text: Hotel

text: is

text: the

text: last

text: remaining

text: historic

text: hotel

text: of

text: its

text: size

text: located

text: on

text: Long

text: Beach

text: Island

text: NJ

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Harvey

text: Cedars

text: although

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: built

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: High

text: Point

text: It

text: was

text: begun

text: in

text: the

text: as

text: fishing

text: and

text: hunting

text: hotel

text: on

text: the

text: then

text: scarcely

text: inhabited

text: Long

text: Beach

text: Island

text: Originally

text: small

text: hotel

text: it

text: was

text: built

text: expanded

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: large

text: renovation

text: completed

text: in

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: storey

text: structure

text: which

text: was

text: kept

text: rather

text: similar

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: when

text: sections

text: of

text: it

text: were

text: gutted

text: and

text: rebuilt

text: completely

text: out

text: of

text: style

text: with

text: the

text: Victorian

text: architecture

text: It

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Harvey

text: Cedars

text: Hotel

text: until

text: around

text: the

text: when

text: it

text: went

text: out

text: of

text: business

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: the

text: property

text: was

text: purchased

text: by

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: YWCA

text: and

text: turned

text: into

text: Camp

text: Whelen

text: Christian

text: summer

text: camp

text: for

text: young

text: girls

text: Camp

text: Whelen

text: survived

text: until

text: the

text: Depression

text: After

text: shutting

text: down

text: due

text: to

text: declining

text: attendance

text: the

text: hotel

text: was

text: abandoned

text: for

text: about

text: years

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: Presbyterian

text: minister

text: Jack

text: Murray

text: purchased

text: the

text: hotel

text: and

text: converted

text: it

text: into

text: Harvey

text: Cedars

text: Presbyterian

text: Bible

text: Conference

text: After

text: several

text: years

text: of

text: directing

text: the

text: conference

text: Jack

text: left

text: the

text: operations

text: to

text: Al

text: Oldham

text: The

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: Harvey

text: Cedars

text: Bible

text: Conference

text: and

text: was

text: run

text: by

text: Al

text: until

text: the

text: mid-

text: 's

text: when

text: the

text: director

text: position

text: was

text: passed

text: on

text: to

text: his

text: son

text: Jon

text: Oldham

text: Years

text: of

text: neglect

text: to

text: the

text: physical

text: property

text: led

text: to

text: decisions

text: to

text: renovate

text: in

text: the

text: 's

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: time

text: Long Beach Island (colloquially known as LBI or simply The Island) is a barrier island and summer colony along the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ocean County, New Jersey in the United States. Aligned north-south, the northern portion is generally slightly higher end low-density residential, whereas the southern portion possesses higher-density housing and considerable commercial development. The primary industries include tourism, fishing, and real estate. The only access point to the island by land is a single causeway.

text: Long

text: Beach

text: Island

text: colloquially

text: known

text: as

text: LBI

text: or

text: simply

text: The

text: Island

text: is

text: barrier

text: island

text: and

text: summer

text: colony

text: along

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: Ocean

text: County

text: New

text: Jersey

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Aligned

text: north

text: south

text: the

text: northern

text: portion

text: is

text: generally

text: slightly

text: higher

text: end

text: low

text: density

text: residential

text: whereas

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: possesses

text: higher

text: density

text: housing

text: and

text: considerable

text: commercial

text: development

text: The

text: primary

text: industries

text: include

text: tourism

text: fishing

text: and

text: real

text: estate

text: The

text: only

text: access

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: by

text: land

text: is

text: single

text: causeway

text: Tourism is travel for pleasure; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or within the traveller's country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go "beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only", as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".

text: Tourism

text: is

text: travel

text: for

text: pleasure

text: also

text: the

text: theory

text: and

text: practice

text: of

text: touring

text: the

text: business

text: of

text: attracting

text: accommodating

text: and

text: entertaining

text: tourists

text: and

text: the

text: business

text: of

text: operating

text: tours

text: Tourism

text: may

text: be

text: international

text: or

text: within

text: the

text: traveller

text: 's

text: country

text: The

text: World

text: Tourism

text: Organization

text: defines

text: tourism

text: more

text: generally

text: in

text: terms

text: which

text: go

text: beyond

text: the

text: common

text: perception

text: of

text: tourism

text: as

text: being

text: limited

text: to

text: holiday

text: activity

text: only

text: as

text: people

text: traveling

text: to

text: and

text: staying

text: in

text: places

text: outside

text: their

text: usual

text: environment

text: for

text: not

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: consecutive

text: year

text: for

text: leisure

text: business

text: and

text: other

text: purposes

text: Ocean County is a county located along the Jersey Shore in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Its county seat is Toms River, which, like the county itself, has been one of the fastest growing areas of the state since the 1990s. Ocean County had a Census-estimated population of 588,721 in 2015, a 2.1% increase from the 576,567 enumerated in the 2010 United States Census, having increased by 65,651 (+12.8%) from the 2000 Census population of 510,916, surpassing Union County to become the fifth-most populous county in the state and making Ocean County the fastest growing in the state of New Jersey in terms of increase in the number of residents and second-highest in percentage growth. Ocean County was established on February 15, 1850, from portions of Monmouth County, with the addition of Little Egg Harbor Township which was annexed from Burlington County on March 30, 1891. The most populous place was Lakewood Township, with 92,843 residents at the time of the 2010 Census (up 32,491 since 2000, the largest population increase of any municipality in the state), while Jackson Township, covered , the largest total area of any municipality in the county.

text: Ocean

text: County

text: is

text: county

text: located

text: along

text: the

text: Jersey

text: Shore

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Its

text: county

text: seat

text: is

text: Toms

text: River

text: which

text: like

text: the

text: county

text: itself

text: has

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: since

text: the

text: Ocean

text: County

text: had

text: Census

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: increase

text: from

text: the

text: enumerated

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: having

text: increased

text: by

text: from

text: the

text: Census

text: population

text: of

text: surpassing

text: Union

text: County

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: making

text: Ocean

text: County

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: Jersey

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: residents

text: and

text: second

text: highest

text: in

text: percentage

text: growth

text: Ocean

text: County

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: February

text: from

text: portions

text: of

text: Monmouth

text: County

text: with

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: Little

text: Egg

text: Harbor

text: Township

text: which

text: was

text: annexed

text: from

text: Burlington

text: County

text: on

text: March

text: The

text: most

text: populous

text: place

text: was

text: Lakewood

text: Township

text: with

text: residents

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: up

text: since

text: the

text: largest

text: population

text: increase

text: of

text: any

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: while

text: Jackson

text: Township

text: covered

text: the

text: largest

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: any

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: county

text: Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are normally caught in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping. Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms. The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.

text: Fishing

text: is

text: the

text: activity

text: of

text: trying

text: to

text: catch

text: fish

text: Fish

text: are

text: normally

text: caught

text: in

text: the

text: wild

text: Techniques

text: for

text: catching

text: fish

text: include

text: hand

text: gathering

text: spearing

text: netting

text: angling

text: and

text: trapping

text: Fishing

text: may

text: include

text: catching

text: aquatic

text: animals

text: other

text: than

text: fish

text: such

text: as

text: molluscs

text: cephalopods

text: crustaceans

text: and

text: echinoderms

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: not

text: normally

text: applied

text: to

text: catching

text: farmed

text: fish

text: or

text: to

text: aquatic

text: mammals

text: such

text: as

text: whales

text: where

text: the

text: term

text: whaling

text: is

text: more

text: appropriate

text: New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern United States and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the combined statistical areas of New York City and Philadelphia and is the third-wealthiest U.S. state by per capita income as of 2014.

text: New

text: Jersey

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Northeastern

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: mid

text: Atlantic

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: Delaware

text: New

text: Jersey

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: smallest

text: state

text: but

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: New

text: Jersey

text: lies

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: combined

text: statistical

text: areas

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: wealthiest

text: U.S.

text: state

text: by

text: per

text: capita

text: income

text: as

text: of

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity harvey cedars hotel

answer: new jersey

text: new jersey

text: new jersey

text: new jersey

text: new jersey

text: new jersey

text: new jersey


text: The Muslim Arab army was under the command of Khalid ibn al - Walid and the battle took place at Anbar which is located approximately 80 miles from the ancient city of Babylon . Khalid besieged the Sassanian Persians in the city fortress , which had strong walls . Scores of Muslim archers were used in the siege . The Persian governor , Shirzad , eventually surrendered and was allowed to retire . The Battle of Al - Anbar is often remembered as the `` Action of the Eye '' since Muslim archers used in the battle were told to aim at the `` eyes '' of the Persian garrison .

text: The

text: Muslim

text: Arab

text: army

text: was

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: Khalid

text: ibn

text: al

text: Walid

text: and

text: the

text: battle

text: took

text: place

text: at

text: Anbar

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: approximately

text: miles

text: from

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Babylon

text: Khalid

text: besieged

text: the

text: Sassanian

text: Persians

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: fortress

text: which

text: had

text: strong

text: walls

text: Scores

text: of

text: Muslim

text: archers

text: were

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: siege

text: The

text: Persian

text: governor

text: Shirzad

text: eventually

text: surrendered

text: and

text: was

text: allowed

text: to

text: retire

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Al

text: Anbar

text: is

text: often

text: remembered

text: as

text: the

text: Action

text: of

text: the

text: Eye

text: since

text: Muslim

text: archers

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: battle

text: were

text: told

text: to

text: aim

text: at

text: the

text: eyes

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: garrison

text: Umar, also spelled Omar (born c.583 CEdied 3 November 644 CE), was one of the most powerful and influential Muslim caliphs in history. He was a senior Sahabi of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He succeeded Abu Bakr (632634) as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. He was an expert Islamic jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet Al-Farooq ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)"). He is sometimes referred to as Umar I by historians of Islam, since a later Umayyad caliph, Umar II, also bore that name.

text: Umar

text: also

text: spelled

text: Omar

text: born

text: CEdied

text: November

text: CE

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: and

text: influential

text: Muslim

text: caliphs

text: in

text: history

text: He

text: was

text: senior

text: Sahabi

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: He

text: succeeded

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: caliph

text: of

text: the

text: Rashidun

text: Caliphate

text: on

text: August

text: He

text: was

text: an

text: expert

text: Islamic

text: jurist

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: pious

text: and

text: just

text: nature

text: which

text: earned

text: him

text: the

text: epithet

text: Al

text: Farooq

text: the

text: one

text: who

text: distinguishes

text: between

text: right

text: and

text: wrong

text: He

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Umar

text: by

text: historians

text: of

text: Islam

text: since

text: later

text: Umayyad

text: caliph

text: Umar

text: II

text: also

text: bore

text: that

text: name

text: The Akkadian Empire was the first ancient Semitic-speaking empire of Mesopotamia, centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region, also called Akkad in ancient Mesopotamia and Accad in the Bible (Genesis 10:10). The empire united all the Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule. The Akkadian Empire controlled Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, Kuwait, northeast Syria and southeast Turkey), the Levant (modern Syria and Lebanon), and eastern and southern parts of Anatolia (modern Turkey) and Iran, sending military expeditions as far south as Dilmun and Magan (modern Bahrain and Oman) in the Arabian Peninsula.

text: The

text: Akkadian

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: ancient

text: Semitic

text: speaking

text: empire

text: of

text: Mesopotamia

text: centered

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Akkad

text: and

text: its

text: surrounding

text: region

text: also

text: called

text: Akkad

text: in

text: ancient

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: Accad

text: in

text: the

text: Bible

text: Genesis

text: The

text: empire

text: united

text: all

text: the

text: Akkadian

text: and

text: Sumerian

text: speakers

text: under

text: one

text: rule

text: The

text: Akkadian

text: Empire

text: controlled

text: Mesopotamia

text: modern

text: Iraq

text: Kuwait

text: northeast

text: Syria

text: and

text: southeast

text: Turkey

text: the

text: Levant

text: modern

text: Syria

text: and

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: eastern

text: and

text: southern

text: parts

text: of

text: Anatolia

text: modern

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Iran

text: sending

text: military

text: expeditions

text: as

text: far

text: south

text: as

text: Dilmun

text: and

text: Magan

text: modern

text: Bahrain

text: and

text: Oman

text: in

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: Syria was an early Roman province, annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War, following the defeat of Armenian King Tigranes the Great. Following the partition of the Herodian Kingdom into tetrarchies in 6 AD, it was gradually absorbed into Roman provinces, with Roman Syria annexing Iturea and Trachonitis. Later, in 135 AD, in the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt, Syrian province was merged with Judea province, creating the larger province of Syria Palaestina.

text: Syria

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: Roman

text: province

text: annexed

text: to

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: in

text: BC

text: by

text: Pompey

text: in

text: the

text: Third

text: Mithridatic

text: War

text: following

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: Armenian

text: King

text: Tigranes

text: the

text: Great

text: Following

text: the

text: partition

text: of

text: the

text: Herodian

text: Kingdom

text: into

text: tetrarchies

text: in

text: AD

text: it

text: was

text: gradually

text: absorbed

text: into

text: Roman

text: provinces

text: with

text: Roman

text: Syria

text: annexing

text: Iturea

text: and

text: Trachonitis

text: Later

text: in

text: AD

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Bar

text: Kokhba

text: revolt

text: Syrian

text: province

text: was

text: merged

text: with

text: Judea

text: province

text: creating

text: the

text: larger

text: province

text: of

text: Syria

text: Palaestina

text: Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the "sunnah", composed of accounts called "hadith") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.

text: Islam

text: is

text: religion

text: articulated

text: by

text: the

text: Quran

text: text

text: considered

text: by

text: its

text: adherents

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: verbatim

text: word

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: adherents

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: normative

text: example

text: called

text: the

text: sunnah

text: composed

text: of

text: accounts

text: called

text: hadith

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: June

text: CE

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: major

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: followers

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: Muslims

text: Islam

text: is

text: an

text: Abrahamic

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: that

text: upholds

text: that

text: God

text: is

text: one

text: and

text: incomparable

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: existence

text: is

text: to

text: worship

text: God

text: Muslims

text: consider

text: Muhammad

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: of

text: God

text: The Ridda wars (Arabic:  ), also known as the Wars of Apostasy, were a series of military campaigns launched by the Caliph Abu Bakr against rebel Arabian tribes during 632 and 633 AD, just after Muhammad died. The rebels' position was that they had submitted to Muhammad as the prophet of God, but owed nothing to Abu Bakr. Some rebels followed either Tulayha or Musaylima or Sajjah, all of whom claimed prophethood. Most of the tribes were defeated and reintegrated into the Caliphate. The peoples surrounding Mecca did not revolt.

text: The

text: Ridda

text: wars

text: Arabic

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Wars

text: of

text: Apostasy

text: were

text: series

text: of

text: military

text: campaigns

text: launched

text: by

text: the

text: Caliph

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: against

text: rebel

text: Arabian

text: tribes

text: during

text: and

text: AD

text: just

text: after

text: Muhammad

text: died

text: The

text: rebels

text: position

text: was

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: submitted

text: to

text: Muhammad

text: as

text: the

text: prophet

text: of

text: God

text: but

text: owed

text: nothing

text: to

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: Some

text: rebels

text: followed

text: either

text: Tulayha

text: or

text: Musaylima

text: or

text: Sajjah

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: claimed

text: prophethood

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: tribes

text: were

text: defeated

text: and

text: reintegrated

text: into

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: The

text: peoples

text: surrounding

text: Mecca

text: did

text: not

text: revolt

text: A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. In developing the current Constitution of France (1958), former French president Charles de Gaulle said the head of state should embody "the spirit of the nation" (""). In some countries, typically those with parliamentary governments, the head of state is a ceremonial figurehead that does not actually guide day-to-day government activities and may not even be empowered to exercise any kind of political authority (e.g., Queen Elizabeth II in the United Kingdom). In other countries, the head of state is also the head of government, such as in the U.S., where the president is both a public figurehead and the actual highest ranking political leader who, in practice, oversees the executive branch.

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: or

text: chief

text: of

text: state

text: is

text: the

text: public

text: persona

text: that

text: officially

text: represents

text: the

text: national

text: unity

text: and

text: legitimacy

text: of

text: sovereign

text: state

text: In

text: developing

text: the

text: current

text: Constitution

text: of

text: France

text: former

text: French

text: president

text: Charles

text: de

text: Gaulle

text: said

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: should

text: embody

text: the

text: spirit

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: typically

text: those

text: with

text: parliamentary

text: governments

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: is

text: ceremonial

text: figurehead

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: actually

text: guide

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: government

text: activities

text: and

text: may

text: not

text: even

text: be

text: empowered

text: to

text: exercise

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: political

text: authority

text: e.g.

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: In

text: other

text: countries

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: where

text: the

text: president

text: is

text: both

text: public

text: figurehead

text: and

text: the

text: actual

text: highest

text: ranking

text: political

text: leader

text: who

text: in

text: practice

text: oversees

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: Ab Bakr Abdallh bin Ab Qufah a-iddq (573 CE22 August 634 CE) popularly known as Abu Bakr, was a senior companion ("Sahabi") andthrough his daughter Aishathe father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Abu Bakr became the first openly declared Muslim outside Muhammad's family. Abu Bakr served as a trusted advisor to Muhammad. During Muhammad's lifetime, he was involved in several campaigns and treaties.

text: Ab

text: Bakr

text: Abdallh

text: bin

text: Ab

text: Qufah

text: iddq

text: August

text: CE

text: popularly

text: known

text: as

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: was

text: senior

text: companion

text: Sahabi

text: andthrough

text: his

text: daughter

text: Aishathe

text: father

text: in

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: openly

text: declared

text: Muslim

text: outside

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: family

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: served

text: as

text: trusted

text: advisor

text: to

text: Muhammad

text: During

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: lifetime

text: he

text: was

text: involved

text: in

text: several

text: campaigns

text: and

text: treaties

text: Ab Sulaymn Khlid ibn al-Wald ibn al-Mughrah al-Makhzm (; 585642), also known as Sayf Allh al-Masll ("Drawn Sword of God"), was a companion of Muhammad. He is noted for his military tactics and prowess, commanding the forces of Medina under Muhammad and the forces of his immediate successors of the Rashidun Caliphate, Abu Bakr and Umar ibn Khattab. It was under his military leadership that Arabia, for the first time in history, was united under a single political entity, the Caliphate. Commanding the forces of the nascent Islamic state, Khalid was victorious in over a hundred battles, against the forces of the Byzantine-Roman Empire, Sassanid-Persian Empire, and their allies, in addition to other Arab tribes. His strategic achievements include the conquest of Arabia during the Ridda Wars, Persian Mesopotamia and Roman Syria within several years from 632 to 636. He is also remembered for his decisive victories at Yamamah, Ullais, and Firaz, and his tactical successes at Walaja and Yarmouk.

text: Ab

text: Sulaymn

text: Khlid

text: ibn

text: al

text: Wald

text: ibn

text: al

text: Mughrah

text: al

text: Makhzm

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Sayf

text: Allh

text: al

text: Masll

text: Drawn

text: Sword

text: of

text: God

text: was

text: companion

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: He

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: military

text: tactics

text: and

text: prowess

text: commanding

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: Medina

text: under

text: Muhammad

text: and

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: his

text: immediate

text: successors

text: of

text: the

text: Rashidun

text: Caliphate

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: and

text: Umar

text: ibn

text: Khattab

text: It

text: was

text: under

text: his

text: military

text: leadership

text: that

text: Arabia

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: history

text: was

text: united

text: under

text: single

text: political

text: entity

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: Commanding

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: nascent

text: Islamic

text: state

text: Khalid

text: was

text: victorious

text: in

text: over

text: hundred

text: battles

text: against

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Sassanid

text: Persian

text: Empire

text: and

text: their

text: allies

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: other

text: Arab

text: tribes

text: His

text: strategic

text: achievements

text: include

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: Arabia

text: during

text: the

text: Ridda

text: Wars

text: Persian

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: Roman

text: Syria

text: within

text: several

text: years

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: remembered

text: for

text: his

text: decisive

text: victories

text: at

text: Yamamah

text: Ullais

text: and

text: Firaz

text: and

text: his

text: tactical

text: successes

text: at

text: Walaja

text: and

text: Yarmouk

text: A Muslim is someone who follows or practises Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion. Muslims consider the Quran (Koran), their holy book, to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet and messenger Muhammad. They also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad ("sunnah ") as recorded in traditional accounts ("hadith"). "Muslim" is an Arabic word meaning "one who submits (to God)".

text: Muslim

text: is

text: someone

text: who

text: follows

text: or

text: practises

text: Islam

text: monotheistic

text: Abrahamic

text: religion

text: Muslims

text: consider

text: the

text: Quran

text: Koran

text: their

text: holy

text: book

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: verbatim

text: word

text: of

text: God

text: as

text: revealed

text: to

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: and

text: messenger

text: Muhammad

text: They

text: also

text: follow

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: practices

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: sunnah

text: as

text: recorded

text: in

text: traditional

text: accounts

text: hadith

text: Muslim

text: is

text: an

text: Arabic

text: word

text: meaning

text: one

text: who

text: submits

text: to

text: God

text: Babylon (or ; Aramaic: , "Babel", , "Bavel", , "Bbil") was a major city of ancient Mesopotamia in the fertile plain between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The city was built upon the Euphrates and divided in equal parts along its left and right banks, with steep embankments to contain the river's seasonal floods. Babylon was originally a small Semitic Akkadian city dating from the period of the Akkadian Empire c. 2300 BC.

text: Babylon

text: or

text: Aramaic

text: Babel

text: Bavel

text: Bbil

text: was

text: major

text: city

text: of

text: ancient

text: Mesopotamia

text: in

text: the

text: fertile

text: plain

text: between

text: the

text: Tigris

text: and

text: Euphrates

text: rivers

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: built

text: upon

text: the

text: Euphrates

text: and

text: divided

text: in

text: equal

text: parts

text: along

text: its

text: left

text: and

text: right

text: banks

text: with

text: steep

text: embankments

text: to

text: contain

text: the

text: river

text: 's

text: seasonal

text: floods

text: Babylon

text: was

text: originally

text: small

text: Semitic

text: Akkadian

text: city

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Akkadian

text: Empire

text: BC

text: The Rashidun Caliphate (') was the Islamic caliphate in the earliest period of Islam, comprising the first four caliphsthe "Rightly Guided" or Rashidun caliphs ('). It was founded after Muhammad's death in 632 (year 11 AH in the Islamic calendar). At its height, the Caliphate controlled an empire from the Arabian Peninsula and the Levant, to the Caucasus in the north, North Africa from Egypt to present-day Tunisia in the west, and the Iranian plateau to Central Asia in the east.

text: The

text: Rashidun

text: Caliphate

text: was

text: the

text: Islamic

text: caliphate

text: in

text: the

text: earliest

text: period

text: of

text: Islam

text: comprising

text: the

text: first

text: four

text: caliphsthe

text: Rightly

text: Guided

text: or

text: Rashidun

text: caliphs

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: after

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: year

text: AH

text: in

text: the

text: Islamic

text: calendar

text: At

text: its

text: height

text: the

text: Caliphate

text: controlled

text: an

text: empire

text: from

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: the

text: Levant

text: to

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: North

text: Africa

text: from

text: Egypt

text: to

text: present

text: day

text: Tunisia

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Iranian

text: plateau

text: to

text: Central

text: Asia

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Muhammad (c. 570 CE  8 June 632 CE) is the central figure of Islam and widely regarded as its founder by non-Muslims. He is known as the "Holy Prophet" to Muslims, almost all of whom consider him to be the last prophet sent by God to mankind to restore Islam, believed by Muslims to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings, practices, and the Quran, formed the basis of Islamic religious belief.

text: Muhammad

text: CE

text: June

text: CE

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: figure

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: its

text: founder

text: by

text: non

text: Muslims

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Holy

text: Prophet

text: to

text: Muslims

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: consider

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: sent

text: by

text: God

text: to

text: mankind

text: to

text: restore

text: Islam

text: believed

text: by

text: Muslims

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: unaltered

text: original

text: monotheistic

text: faith

text: of

text: Adam

text: Abraham

text: Moses

text: Jesus

text: and

text: other

text: prophets

text: Muhammad

text: united

text: Arabia

text: into

text: single

text: Muslim

text: polity

text: and

text: ensured

text: that

text: his

text: teachings

text: practices

text: and

text: the

text: Quran

text: formed

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: Islamic

text: religious

text: belief

text: A governor is, in most cases, a public official with the power to govern the executive branch of a non-sovereign or sub-national level of government, ranking under the head of state. In federations, "governor" may be the title of a politician who governs a constituent state and may be either appointed or elected. The power of the individual governor can vary dramatically between political systems, with some governors having only nominal and largely ceremonial power, while others having a complete control over the entire government.

text: governor

text: is

text: in

text: most

text: cases

text: public

text: official

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: govern

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: of

text: non

text: sovereign

text: or

text: sub

text: national

text: level

text: of

text: government

text: ranking

text: under

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: In

text: federations

text: governor

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: politician

text: who

text: governs

text: constituent

text: state

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: either

text: appointed

text: or

text: elected

text: The

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: governor

text: can

text: vary

text: dramatically

text: between

text: political

text: systems

text: with

text: some

text: governors

text: having

text: only

text: nominal

text: and

text: largely

text: ceremonial

text: power

text: while

text: others

text: having

text: complete

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: entire

text: government

annotations: likely single

question: point_in_time battle of al-anbar

answer: 633


text: Jaime Camino ( 11 June 1936 -- 4 December 2015 ) was a Spanish film director and screenwriter . He directed 16 films between 1962 and 2001 . His 1976 film Long Vacations of 36 was entered into the 26th Berlin International Film Festival . His 1992 film The Long Winter was entered into the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival .

text: Jaime

text: Camino

text: June

text: December

text: was

text: Spanish

text: film

text: director

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: He

text: directed

text: films

text: between

text: and

text: His

text: film

text: Long

text: Vacations

text: of

text: was

text: entered

text: into

text: the

text: Berlin

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: His

text: film

text: The

text: Long

text: Winter

text: was

text: entered

text: into

text: the

text: Berlin

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: A writer is a person who uses written words in various styles and techniques to communicate their ideas. Writers produce various forms of literary art and creative writing such as novels, short stories, poetry, plays, screenplays, and essays as well as various reports and news articles that may be of interest to the public. Writers' texts are published across a range of media. Skilled writers who are able to use language to express ideas well often contribute significantly to the cultural content of a society. The word is also used elsewhere in the arts  such as songwriter  but as a standalone term, "writer" normally refers to the creation of written language. Some writers work from an oral tradition.

text: writer

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: uses

text: written

text: words

text: in

text: various

text: styles

text: and

text: techniques

text: to

text: communicate

text: their

text: ideas

text: Writers

text: produce

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: literary

text: art

text: and

text: creative

text: writing

text: such

text: as

text: novels

text: short

text: stories

text: poetry

text: plays

text: screenplays

text: and

text: essays

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: various

text: reports

text: and

text: news

text: articles

text: that

text: may

text: be

text: of

text: interest

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: Writers

text: texts

text: are

text: published

text: across

text: range

text: of

text: media

text: Skilled

text: writers

text: who

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: use

text: language

text: to

text: express

text: ideas

text: well

text: often

text: contribute

text: significantly

text: to

text: the

text: cultural

text: content

text: of

text: society

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: the

text: arts

text: such

text: as

text: songwriter

text: but

text: as

text: standalone

text: term

text: writer

text: normally

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: written

text: language

text: Some

text: writers

text: work

text: from

text: an

text: oral

text: tradition

text: The Spanish Civil War, widely known in Spain simply as The Civil War or The War, took place from 1936 to 1939 and was fought between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratic, left-leaning and a relatively urban Second Spanish Republic in an alliance of convenience with the Anarchists, versus the Nationalists, a falangist, Carlist and a largely aristocratic conservative group led by General Francisco Franco. Although the war is often portrayed as a struggle between democracy and fascism, some historians consider it more accurately described as a struggle between leftist revolution and rightist counterrevolution. Ultimately, the Nationalists won, and Franco then ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from April 1939 until his death in November 1975.

text: The

text: Spanish

text: Civil

text: War

text: widely

text: known

text: in

text: Spain

text: simply

text: as

text: The

text: Civil

text: War

text: or

text: The

text: War

text: took

text: place

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: was

text: fought

text: between

text: the

text: Republicans

text: who

text: were

text: loyal

text: to

text: the

text: democratic

text: left

text: leaning

text: and

text: relatively

text: urban

text: Second

text: Spanish

text: Republic

text: in

text: an

text: alliance

text: of

text: convenience

text: with

text: the

text: Anarchists

text: versus

text: the

text: Nationalists

text: falangist

text: Carlist

text: and

text: largely

text: aristocratic

text: conservative

text: group

text: led

text: by

text: General

text: Francisco

text: Franco

text: Although

text: the

text: war

text: is

text: often

text: portrayed

text: as

text: struggle

text: between

text: democracy

text: and

text: fascism

text: some

text: historians

text: consider

text: it

text: more

text: accurately

text: described

text: as

text: struggle

text: between

text: leftist

text: revolution

text: and

text: rightist

text: counterrevolution

text: Ultimately

text: the

text: Nationalists

text: won

text: and

text: Franco

text: then

text: ruled

text: Spain

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: from

text: April

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: November

text: A screenplay writer, screenwriter for short, scriptwriter or scenarist is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media such as films, television programs, comics or video games are based.

text: screenplay

text: writer

text: screenwriter

text: for

text: short

text: scriptwriter

text: or

text: scenarist

text: is

text: writer

text: who

text: practices

text: the

text: craft

text: of

text: screenwriting

text: writing

text: screenplays

text: on

text: which

text: mass

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: films

text: television

text: programs

text: comics

text: or

text: video

text: games

text: are

text: based

text: Long Vacations of 36 is a 1976 Spanish drama film directed by Jaime Camino dealing with the effects of Spanish Civil War on a bourgeois family trapped by the conflict in a tourist village near Barcelona.

text: Long

text: Vacations

text: of

text: is

text: Spanish

text: drama

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Jaime

text: Camino

text: dealing

text: with

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: Spanish

text: Civil

text: War

text: on

text: bourgeois

text: family

text: trapped

text: by

text: the

text: conflict

text: in

text: tourist

text: village

text: near

text: Barcelona

text: The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as "The Adventures of Tintin". American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning ("") propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka. had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia.

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: comics

text: has

text: followed

text: different

text: paths

text: in

text: different

text: cultures

text: Scholars

text: have

text: posited

text: pre

text: history

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: the

text: Lascaux

text: cave

text: paintings

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: comics

text: flourished

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: western

text: Europe

text: especially

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: Belgium

text: and

text: Japan

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: European

text: comics

text: is

text: often

text: traced

text: to

text: Rodolphe

text: Töpffer

text: 's

text: cartoon

text: strips

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: became

text: popular

text: following

text: the

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: of

text: strips

text: and

text: books

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Tintin

text: American

text: comics

text: emerged

text: as

text: mass

text: medium

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: newspaper

text: comic

text: strips

text: magazine

text: style

text: comic

text: books

text: followed

text: in

text: the

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: superhero

text: genre

text: became

text: prominent

text: after

text: Superman

text: appeared

text: in

text: Histories

text: of

text: Japanese

text: comics

text: and

text: cartooning

text: propose

text: origins

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: century

text: Modern

text: comic

text: strips

text: emerged

text: in

text: Japan

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: output

text: of

text: comics

text: magazines

text: and

text: books

text: rapidly

text: expanded

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: era

text: with

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: cartoonists

text: such

text: as

text: Osamu

text: Tezuka

text: had

text: lowbrow

text: reputation

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: but

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: began

text: to

text: find

text: greater

text: acceptance

text: with

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: in

text: academia

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Screenwriting, also called scriptwriting, is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions or video games. It is frequently a freelance profession.

text: Screenwriting

text: also

text: called

text: scriptwriting

text: is

text: the

text: art

text: and

text: craft

text: of

text: writing

text: scripts

text: for

text: mass

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: feature

text: films

text: television

text: productions

text: or

text: video

text: games

text: It

text: is

text: frequently

text: freelance

text: profession

text: A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film.

text: film

text: director

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: directs

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: film

text: Generally

text: film

text: director

text: controls

text: film

text: 's

text: artistic

text: and

text: dramatic

text: aspects

text: and

text: visualizes

text: the

text: script

text: while

text: guiding

text: the

text: technical

text: crew

text: and

text: actors

text: in

text: the

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: that

text: vision

text: The

text: director

text: has

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: choosing

text: the

text: cast

text: members

text: production

text: design

text: and

text: the

text: creative

text: aspects

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: Under

text: European

text: Union

text: law

text: the

text: director

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: The mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication. The technologies through which this communication takes place include a variety of outlets.

text: The

text: mass

text: media

text: is

text: diversified

text: collection

text: of

text: media

text: technologies

text: that

text: reach

text: large

text: audience

text: via

text: mass

text: communication

text: The

text: technologies

text: through

text: which

text: this

text: communication

text: takes

text: place

text: include

text: variety

text: of

text: outlets

text: Barcelona is the capital city of the autonomous community of Catalonia in the Kingdom of Spain, as well as the country's second most populous municipality, with a population of 1.6 million within city limits. Its urban area extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of around 4.7 million people, being the sixth-most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris, London, Madrid, the Ruhr area and Milan. It is the largest metropolis on the Mediterranean Sea, located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs, and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range, the tallest peak of which is high.

text: Barcelona

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: autonomous

text: community

text: of

text: Catalonia

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: Its

text: urban

text: area

text: extends

text: beyond

text: the

text: administrative

text: city

text: limits

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: people

text: being

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: after

text: Paris

text: London

text: Madrid

text: the

text: Ruhr

text: area

text: and

text: Milan

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: between

text: the

text: mouths

text: of

text: the

text: rivers

text: Llobregat

text: and

text: Besòs

text: and

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Serra

text: de

text: Collserola

text: mountain

text: range

text: the

text: tallest

text: peak

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: high

question: place_of_death jaime camino

answer: barcelona

text: barcelona

text: barcelona