text: Manchester is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 514,414 . It lies within the United Kingdom's second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.55 million. Manchester is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation. The local authority is Manchester City Council.

text: Manchester

text: is

text: major

text: city

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: borough

text: in

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: England

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: It

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Manchester

text: is

text: fringed

text: by

text: the

text: Cheshire

text: Plain

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Pennines

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: and

text: an

text: arc

text: of

text: towns

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: forms

text: continuous

text: conurbation

text: The

text: local

text: authority

text: is

text: Manchester

text: City

text: Council

text: The Statement on the Co-operative Identity, promulgated by the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA), defines and guides co-operatives worldwide. It contains the definition of a co-operative as a special form of organization, the values of co-operatives, and the currently accepted cooperative principles (the Rochdale Principles) that direct their behavior and operation. The "Statement" with the latest revision of the cooperative principles was adopted by ICA in 1995.

text: The

text: Statement

text: on

text: the

text: Co

text: operative

text: Identity

text: promulgated

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Co

text: operative

text: Alliance

text: ICA

text: defines

text: and

text: guides

text: co

text: operatives

text: worldwide

text: It

text: contains

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: co

text: operative

text: as

text: special

text: form

text: of

text: organization

text: the

text: values

text: of

text: co

text: operatives

text: and

text: the

text: currently

text: accepted

text: cooperative

text: principles

text: the

text: Rochdale

text: Principles

text: that

text: direct

text: their

text: behavior

text: and

text: operation

text: The

text: Statement

text: with

text: the

text: latest

text: revision

text: of

text: the

text: cooperative

text: principles

text: was

text: adopted

text: by

text: ICA

text: in

text: Political economy is a term used for studying production and trade, and their relations with law, custom, and government, as well as with the distribution of national income and wealth. "Political economy" originated in moral philosophy. It was developed in the 18th century as the study of the economies of states, or "polities", hence the term "political" economy.

text: Political

text: economy

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: studying

text: production

text: and

text: trade

text: and

text: their

text: relations

text: with

text: law

text: custom

text: and

text: government

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: distribution

text: of

text: national

text: income

text: and

text: wealth

text: Political

text: economy

text: originated

text: in

text: moral

text: philosophy

text: It

text: was

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: economies

text: of

text: states

text: or

text: polities

text: hence

text: the

text: term

text: political

text: economy

text: Economics (, ) is a social science concerned with the factors that determine the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term "economics" comes from the Ancient Greek from (', pronounced "eekos", "house") and (', "custom" or "law"), hence "rules of the house (hold for good management)". 'Political economy' was the earlier name for the subject, but economists in the late 19th century suggested "economics" as a shorter term for "economic science" to establish itself as a separate discipline outside of political science and other social sciences.

text: Economics

text: is

text: social

text: science

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: factors

text: that

text: determine

text: the

text: production

text: distribution

text: and

text: consumption

text: of

text: goods

text: and

text: services

text: The

text: term

text: economics

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: from

text: pronounced

text: eekos

text: house

text: and

text: custom

text: or

text: law

text: hence

text: rules

text: of

text: the

text: house

text: hold

text: for

text: good

text: management

text: Political

text: economy

text: was

text: the

text: earlier

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: subject

text: but

text: economists

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: suggested

text: economics

text: as

text: shorter

text: term

text: for

text: economic

text: science

text: to

text: establish

text: itself

text: as

text: separate

text: discipline

text: outside

text: of

text: political

text: science

text: and

text: other

text: social

text: sciences

text: The purpose of Co-operative education and Co-operative studies, according to the ICA's Statement on the Co-operative Identity, is that Co-operative societies "provide education and training for their members, elected representatives, managers, and employees so they can contribute effectively to the development of their co-operatives. They inform the general public - particularly young people and opinion leaders - about the nature and benefits of co-operation." As such, it forms the fifth Rochdale Principle. Subfields of this include Co-operative economics, and the History of the cooperative movement.

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: Co

text: operative

text: education

text: and

text: Co

text: operative

text: studies

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: ICA

text: 's

text: Statement

text: on

text: the

text: Co

text: operative

text: Identity

text: is

text: that

text: Co

text: operative

text: societies

text: provide

text: education

text: and

text: training

text: for

text: their

text: members

text: elected

text: representatives

text: managers

text: and

text: employees

text: so

text: they

text: can

text: contribute

text: effectively

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: their

text: co

text: operatives

text: They

text: inform

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: particularly

text: young

text: people

text: and

text: opinion

text: leaders

text: about

text: the

text: nature

text: and

text: benefits

text: of

text: co

text: operation

text: As

text: such

text: it

text: forms

text: the

text: fifth

text: Rochdale

text: Principle

text: Subfields

text: of

text: this

text: include

text: Co

text: operative

text: economics

text: and

text: the

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: cooperative

text: movement

text: The Rochdale Principles are a set of ideals for the operation of cooperatives. They were first set out in 1844 by the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers in Rochdale, England and have formed the basis for the principles on which co-operatives around the world continue to operate. The implications of the Rochdale Principles are a focus of study in co-operative economics. The original Rochdale Principles were officially adopted by the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) in 1937 as the Rochdale Principles of Co-operation. Updated versions of the principles were adopted by the ICA in 1966 as the Co-operative Principles and in 1995 as part of the Statement on the Co-operative Identity.

text: The

text: Rochdale

text: Principles

text: are

text: set

text: of

text: ideals

text: for

text: the

text: operation

text: of

text: cooperatives

text: They

text: were

text: first

text: set

text: out

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Rochdale

text: Society

text: of

text: Equitable

text: Pioneers

text: in

text: Rochdale

text: England

text: and

text: have

text: formed

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: principles

text: on

text: which

text: co

text: operatives

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: continue

text: to

text: operate

text: The

text: implications

text: of

text: the

text: Rochdale

text: Principles

text: are

text: focus

text: of

text: study

text: in

text: co

text: operative

text: economics

text: The

text: original

text: Rochdale

text: Principles

text: were

text: officially

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Co

text: operative

text: Alliance

text: ICA

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Rochdale

text: Principles

text: of

text: Co

text: operation

text: Updated

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: principles

text: were

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: ICA

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Co

text: operative

text: Principles

text: and

text: in

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Statement

text: on

text: the

text: Co

text: operative

text: Identity

text: Market town or market right is a legal term, originating in the Middle Ages, for a European settlement that has the right to host markets, distinguishing it from a village and city. A town may be correctly described as a "market town" or as having "market rights", even if it no longer holds a market, provided the legal right to do so still exists.

text: Market

text: town

text: or

text: market

text: right

text: is

text: legal

text: term

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: for

text: European

text: settlement

text: that

text: has

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: host

text: markets

text: distinguishing

text: it

text: from

text: village

text: and

text: city

text: town

text: may

text: be

text: correctly

text: described

text: as

text: market

text: town

text: or

text: as

text: having

text: market

text: rights

text: even

text: if

text: it

text: no

text: longer

text: holds

text: market

text: provided

text: the

text: legal

text: right

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: still

text: exists

text: The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers , founded in 1844 , was an early consumer co-operative , and one of the first to pay a patronage dividend , forming the basis for the modern co-operative movement . Although other co-operatives preceded them , the Rochdale Pioneers ' co-operative became the prototype for societies in Great Britain . The Rochdale Pioneers are most famous for designing the Rochdale Principles , a set of principles of co-operation that provide the foundation for the principles on which co-ops around the world operate to this day . The model the Rochdale Pioneers used is a focus of study within co-operative economics .

text: The

text: Rochdale

text: Society

text: of

text: Equitable

text: Pioneers

text: founded

text: in

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: consumer

text: co

text: operative

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: pay

text: patronage

text: dividend

text: forming

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: modern

text: co

text: operative

text: movement

text: Although

text: other

text: co

text: operatives

text: preceded

text: them

text: the

text: Rochdale

text: Pioneers

text: co

text: operative

text: became

text: the

text: prototype

text: for

text: societies

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: The

text: Rochdale

text: Pioneers

text: are

text: most

text: famous

text: for

text: designing

text: the

text: Rochdale

text: Principles

text: set

text: of

text: principles

text: of

text: co

text: operation

text: that

text: provide

text: the

text: foundation

text: for

text: the

text: principles

text: on

text: which

text: co

text: ops

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: operate

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: The

text: model

text: the

text: Rochdale

text: Pioneers

text: used

text: is

text: focus

text: of

text: study

text: within

text: co

text: operative

text: economics

text: Rochdale is a market town in Greater Manchester, England, positioned at the foothills of the South Pennines on the River Roch, north-northwest of Oldham, and north-northeast of the city of Manchester. Rochdale is surrounded by several smaller settlements which together form the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, population 211,699. Rochdale is the largest settlement and administrative centre, with a total population of 107,926.

text: Rochdale

text: is

text: market

text: town

text: in

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: England

text: positioned

text: at

text: the

text: foothills

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Pennines

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Roch

text: north

text: northwest

text: of

text: Oldham

text: and

text: north

text: northeast

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Manchester

text: Rochdale

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: several

text: smaller

text: settlements

text: which

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: Borough

text: of

text: Rochdale

text: population

text: Rochdale

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: settlement

text: and

text: administrative

text: centre

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: The International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) is a non-governmental co-operative federation or, more precisely, a co-operative union representing co-operatives and the co-operative movement worldwide. It was founded in 1895 to unite, represent and serve co-operatives worldwide. The Alliance maintains the internationally recognised definition of a co-operative in the Statement on the Co-operative Identity. The ICA represents 272 co-operative federations and organisations in 94 countries (January 2014).

text: The

text: International

text: Co

text: operative

text: Alliance

text: ICA

text: is

text: non

text: governmental

text: co

text: operative

text: federation

text: or

text: more

text: precisely

text: co

text: operative

text: union

text: representing

text: co

text: operatives

text: and

text: the

text: co

text: operative

text: movement

text: worldwide

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: to

text: unite

text: represent

text: and

text: serve

text: co

text: operatives

text: worldwide

text: The

text: Alliance

text: maintains

text: the

text: internationally

text: recognised

text: definition

text: of

text: co

text: operative

text: in

text: the

text: Statement

text: on

text: the

text: Co

text: operative

text: Identity

text: The

text: ICA

text: represents

text: co

text: operative

text: federations

text: and

text: organisations

text: in

text: countries

text: January

text: A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is an autonomous association of people united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled business. Cooperatives include non-profit community organizations and businesses that are owned and managed by the people who use their services (a consumer cooperative); by the people who work there (a worker cooperative); by the people who live there (a housing cooperative); hybrids such as worker cooperatives that are also consumer cooperatives or credit unions; multi-stakeholder cooperatives such as those that bring together civil society and local actors to deliver community needs; and second and third tier cooperatives whose members are other cooperatives. It was estimated that in 2012 approximately one billion people were members of at least one cooperative and that the turnover of the largest three hundred cooperatives in the world reached $2.2 trillion  which, if they were to be a country, it would make them the seventh largest.

text: cooperative

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: co

text: operative

text: co

text: op

text: or

text: coop

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: association

text: of

text: people

text: united

text: voluntarily

text: to

text: meet

text: their

text: common

text: economic

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: needs

text: and

text: aspirations

text: through

text: jointly

text: owned

text: and

text: democratically

text: controlled

text: business

text: Cooperatives

text: include

text: non

text: profit

text: community

text: organizations

text: and

text: businesses

text: that

text: are

text: owned

text: and

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: use

text: their

text: services

text: consumer

text: cooperative

text: by

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: work

text: there

text: worker

text: cooperative

text: by

text: the

text: people

text: who

text: live

text: there

text: housing

text: cooperative

text: hybrids

text: such

text: as

text: worker

text: cooperatives

text: that

text: are

text: also

text: consumer

text: cooperatives

text: or

text: credit

text: unions

text: multi

text: stakeholder

text: cooperatives

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: that

text: bring

text: together

text: civil

text: society

text: and

text: local

text: actors

text: to

text: deliver

text: community

text: needs

text: and

text: second

text: and

text: third

text: tier

text: cooperatives

text: whose

text: members

text: are

text: other

text: cooperatives

text: It

text: was

text: estimated

text: that

text: in

text: approximately

text: one

text: billion

text: people

text: were

text: members

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: cooperative

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: turnover

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: three

text: hundred

text: cooperatives

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: reached

text: trillion

text: which

text: if

text: they

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: country

text: it

text: would

text: make

text: them

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: Co-operative economics is a field of economics that incorporates socialist economics, co-operative studies, and political economy toward the study and management of co-operatives.

text: Co

text: operative

text: economics

text: is

text: field

text: of

text: economics

text: that

text: incorporates

text: socialist

text: economics

text: co

text: operative

text: studies

text: and

text: political

text: economy

text: toward

text: the

text: study

text: and

text: management

text: of

text: co

text: operatives

text: The Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in North West England. It is named after its largest town, Rochdale, but spans a far larger area which includes the towns of Middleton, Heywood, Littleborough and Milnrow, and the village of Wardle.

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: Borough

text: of

text: Rochdale

text: is

text: metropolitan

text: borough

text: of

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: in

text: North

text: West

text: England

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: its

text: largest

text: town

text: Rochdale

text: but

text: spans

text: far

text: larger

text: area

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: towns

text: of

text: Middleton

text: Heywood

text: Littleborough

text: and

text: Milnrow

text: and

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Wardle

text: The South Pennines is a region of moorland and hill country in Northern England lying towards the southern end of the Pennines. In the west it includes the Forest of Rossendale and the West Pennine Moors. It is bounded by the Greater Manchester conurbation in the west and the Yorkshire Dales to the north. To the east it is fringed by the towns of West and South Yorkshire whilst to the south it is often considered to end at the northern edge of the Peak District national park.

text: The

text: South

text: Pennines

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: moorland

text: and

text: hill

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: England

text: lying

text: towards

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Pennines

text: In

text: the

text: west

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: Forest

text: of

text: Rossendale

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Pennine

text: Moors

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: conurbation

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Yorkshire

text: Dales

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: it

text: is

text: fringed

text: by

text: the

text: towns

text: of

text: West

text: and

text: South

text: Yorkshire

text: whilst

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: to

text: end

text: at

text: the

text: northern

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Peak

text: District

text: national

text: park

text: Oldham is a town in Greater Manchester, England, amid the Pennines between the rivers Irk and Medlock, south-southeast of Rochdale and northeast of Manchester. Together with several smaller surrounding towns, it is part of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, of which it is the administrative centre.

text: Oldham

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: England

text: amid

text: the

text: Pennines

text: between

text: the

text: rivers

text: Irk

text: and

text: Medlock

text: south

text: southeast

text: of

text: Rochdale

text: and

text: northeast

text: of

text: Manchester

text: Together

text: with

text: several

text: smaller

text: surrounding

text: towns

text: it

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: Borough

text: of

text: Oldham

text: of

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.8 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the cities of Manchester and Salford. Greater Manchester was created on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972; and designated a City Region on 1 April 2011.

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: is

text: metropolitan

text: county

text: in

text: North

text: West

text: England

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: It

text: encompasses

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: comprises

text: ten

text: metropolitan

text: boroughs

text: Bolton

text: Bury

text: Oldham

text: Rochdale

text: Stockport

text: Tameside

text: Trafford

text: Wigan

text: and

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Manchester

text: and

text: Salford

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: was

text: created

text: on

text: April

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Local

text: Government

text: Act

text: and

text: designated

text: City

text: Region

text: on

text: April

text: The River Roch is a river in Greater Manchester in North West England, a tributary of the River Irwell that gives Rochdale its name.

text: The

text: River

text: Roch

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: in

text: North

text: West

text: England

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Irwell

text: that

text: gives

text: Rochdale

text: its

text: name

question: instance_of rochdale society of equitable pioneers

answer: consumer cooperative

text: consumer cooperative


text: Swansea Rugby Football Club is a Welsh rugby union team which plays in the Welsh Premiership. Its home ground is St Helens Rugby and Cricket Ground in Swansea. The team is also known as "The Whites" because of the primary colour of the team strip. The club is a feeder club to the Ospreys.

text: Swansea

text: Rugby

text: Football

text: Club

text: is

text: Welsh

text: rugby

text: union

text: team

text: which

text: plays

text: in

text: the

text: Welsh

text: Premiership

text: Its

text: home

text: ground

text: is

text: St

text: Helens

text: Rugby

text: and

text: Cricket

text: Ground

text: in

text: Swansea

text: The

text: team

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Whites

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: colour

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: strip

text: The

text: club

text: is

text: feeder

text: club

text: to

text: the

text: Ospreys

text: Windhoek (; German: ""; ) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Namibia. It is located in central Namibia in the "Khomas Highland" plateau area, at around above sea level, almost exactly at the country's geographical centre. The population of Windhoek in 2011 was 325,858, growing continually due to an influx from all over Namibia.

text: Windhoek

text: German

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Namibia

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: central

text: Namibia

text: in

text: the

text: Khomas

text: Highland

text: plateau

text: area

text: at

text: around

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: almost

text: exactly

text: at

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: geographical

text: centre

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: Windhoek

text: in

text: was

text: growing

text: continually

text: due

text: to

text: an

text: influx

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: Namibia

text: In 1980 the British Lions rugby union team toured South Africa (including one game in Windhoek, South West Africa, the future Namibia). The tour was not a success in terms of international results, the Lions losing the first three tests before salvaging some pride with a win in the fourth. The team did however win all their 14 non-international matches. The side was captained by Bill Beaumont.

text: In

text: the

text: British

text: Lions

text: rugby

text: union

text: team

text: toured

text: South

text: Africa

text: including

text: one

text: game

text: in

text: Windhoek

text: South

text: West

text: Africa

text: the

text: future

text: Namibia

text: The

text: tour

text: was

text: not

text: success

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: international

text: results

text: the

text: Lions

text: losing

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: tests

text: before

text: salvaging

text: some

text: pride

text: with

text: win

text: in

text: the

text: fourth

text: The

text: team

text: did

text: however

text: win

text: all

text: their

text: non

text: international

text: matches

text: The

text: side

text: was

text: captained

text: by

text: Bill

text: Beaumont

text: Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (German: ), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates the two countries. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.

text: Namibia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Namibia

text: German

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: whose

text: western

text: border

text: is

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Zambia

text: and

text: Angola

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Botswana

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Although

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Zimbabwe

text: part

text: of

text: less

text: than

text: metres

text: of

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: River

text: essentially

text: small

text: bulge

text: in

text: Botswana

text: to

text: achieve

text: Botswana

text: Zambia

text: micro

text: border

text: separates

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: Namibia

text: gained

text: independence

text: from

text: South

text: Africa

text: on

text: March

text: following

text: the

text: Namibian

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Windhoek

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: the

text: Southern

text: African

text: Development

text: Community

text: SADC

text: the

text: African

text: Union

text: AU

text: and

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: Maurice John Colclough ( 2 September 1953 -- 27 January 2006 ) was an England international rugby union player . He was selected for the 1980 British Lions tour to South Africa and the 1983 British Lions tour to New Zealand , playing in all four internationals each tour . He was a member of the England team which won the Grand Slam in 1980 . At the time he played club rugby for Angoulême and he also played for Wasps RFC and Swansea RFC .

text: Maurice

text: John

text: Colclough

text: September

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: England

text: international

text: rugby

text: union

text: player

text: He

text: was

text: selected

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: Lions

text: tour

text: to

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Lions

text: tour

text: to

text: New

text: Zealand

text: playing

text: in

text: all

text: four

text: internationals

text: each

text: tour

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: England

text: team

text: which

text: won

text: the

text: Grand

text: Slam

text: in

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: he

text: played

text: club

text: rugby

text: for

text: Angoulême

text: and

text: he

text: also

text: played

text: for

text: Wasps

text: RFC

text: and

text: Swansea

text: RFC

text: Wasps is an English professional rugby union team. The men's first team, which forms Wasps, was derived from Wasps Football Club who were formed in 1867 at the now defunct Eton and Middlesex Tavern in North London. Although originally London based, Wasps are now located in Coventry, West Midlands and own and play at the Ricoh Arena.

text: Wasps

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: professional

text: rugby

text: union

text: team

text: The

text: men

text: 's

text: first

text: team

text: which

text: forms

text: Wasps

text: was

text: derived

text: from

text: Wasps

text: Football

text: Club

text: who

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: now

text: defunct

text: Eton

text: and

text: Middlesex

text: Tavern

text: in

text: North

text: London

text: Although

text: originally

text: London

text: based

text: Wasps

text: are

text: now

text: located

text: in

text: Coventry

text: West

text: Midlands

text: and

text: own

text: and

text: play

text: at

text: the

text: Ricoh

text: Arena

text: Swansea, officially known as the City and County of Swansea (""), is a coastal city and county in Wales. It is the second largest city in Wales after Cardiff, and the twenty-fifth largest city in the UK. Swansea lies within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan and the ancient Welsh commote of Gyr. Situated on the sandy South West Wales coast, the county area includes the Gower Peninsula and the Lliw uplands. According to its local council, the City and County of Swansea had a population of 241,300 in 2014. The last official census stated that the city, metropolitan and urban areas combined concluded to be a total of 462,000 in 2011, making it the second most populous local authority area in Wales after Cardiff. During its 19th-century industrial heyday, Swansea was a key centre of the copper industry, earning the nickname 'Copperopolis'. Since 2011, Swansea has started to expand into a larger region known as the Swansea Bay City Region. After combining with other councils, it now includes Tenby and other parts of West Wales, its population including these areas an estimated 685,051. The chairman of the new region is Sir Terry Matthews.

text: Swansea

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: City

text: and

text: County

text: of

text: Swansea

text: is

text: coastal

text: city

text: and

text: county

text: in

text: Wales

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Wales

text: after

text: Cardiff

text: and

text: the

text: twenty

text: fifth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Swansea

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: historic

text: county

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Glamorgan

text: and

text: the

text: ancient

text: Welsh

text: commote

text: of

text: Gyr

text: Situated

text: on

text: the

text: sandy

text: South

text: West

text: Wales

text: coast

text: the

text: county

text: area

text: includes

text: the

text: Gower

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: the

text: Lliw

text: uplands

text: According

text: to

text: its

text: local

text: council

text: the

text: City

text: and

text: County

text: of

text: Swansea

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: The

text: last

text: official

text: census

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: city

text: metropolitan

text: and

text: urban

text: areas

text: combined

text: concluded

text: to

text: be

text: total

text: of

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: local

text: authority

text: area

text: in

text: Wales

text: after

text: Cardiff

text: During

text: its

text: century

text: industrial

text: heyday

text: Swansea

text: was

text: key

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: copper

text: industry

text: earning

text: the

text: nickname

text: Copperopolis

text: Since

text: Swansea

text: has

text: started

text: to

text: expand

text: into

text: larger

text: region

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Swansea

text: Bay

text: City

text: Region

text: After

text: combining

text: with

text: other

text: councils

text: it

text: now

text: includes

text: Tenby

text: and

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: West

text: Wales

text: its

text: population

text: including

text: these

text: areas

text: an

text: estimated

text: The

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: region

text: is

text: Sir

text: Terry

text: Matthews

text: The Ricoh Arena (commonly known as the Ricoh) is a stadium complex (its main football stadium is officialy named Stadium Bowl) situated in the Rowleys Green district of the city of Coventry, England. It contains a 32,609-seater rugby union and association football stadium used by Wasps RFC and Coventry City F.C., a exhibition hall, a hotel and a casino. The site is also home to Arena Park Shopping Centre, containing one of UK's largest Tesco Extra hypermarkets. The site was previously the Foleshill gasworks. The stadium is named after its sponsor, Japanese company Ricoh, which paid £10 million for the naming rights over 10 years. For the 2012 Summer Olympic Games, where stadium naming sponsorship was forbidden, the stadium was known as the City of Coventry Stadium.

text: The

text: Ricoh

text: Arena

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Ricoh

text: is

text: stadium

text: complex

text: its

text: main

text: football

text: stadium

text: is

text: officialy

text: named

text: Stadium

text: Bowl

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Rowleys

text: Green

text: district

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Coventry

text: England

text: It

text: contains

text: rugby

text: union

text: and

text: association

text: football

text: stadium

text: used

text: by

text: Wasps

text: RFC

text: and

text: Coventry

text: City

text: F.C.

text: exhibition

text: hall

text: hotel

text: and

text: casino

text: The

text: site

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: Arena

text: Park

text: Shopping

text: Centre

text: containing

text: one

text: of

text: UK

text: 's

text: largest

text: Tesco

text: Extra

text: hypermarkets

text: The

text: site

text: was

text: previously

text: the

text: Foleshill

text: gasworks

text: The

text: stadium

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: its

text: sponsor

text: Japanese

text: company

text: Ricoh

text: which

text: paid

text: million

text: for

text: the

text: naming

text: rights

text: over

text: years

text: For

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: where

text: stadium

text: naming

text: sponsorship

text: was

text: forbidden

text: the

text: stadium

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Coventry

text: Stadium

text: William "Bill" Blackledge Beaumont CBE (born 9 March 1952 in Chorley, Lancashire, England) is a former rugby union player, and was captain of the England rugby union team, earning 34 caps. His greatest moment as captain was the unexpected 1980 Grand Slam. He played as a lock. He is currently a member of the International Rugby Board and Chairman of the Rugby Football Union. On 11 May 2016 he was elected Chairman of World Rugby, with his tenure having commenced on 1 July 2016.

text: William

text: Bill

text: Blackledge

text: Beaumont

text: CBE

text: born

text: March

text: in

text: Chorley

text: Lancashire

text: England

text: is

text: former

text: rugby

text: union

text: player

text: and

text: was

text: captain

text: of

text: the

text: England

text: rugby

text: union

text: team

text: earning

text: caps

text: His

text: greatest

text: moment

text: as

text: captain

text: was

text: the

text: unexpected

text: Grand

text: Slam

text: He

text: played

text: as

text: lock

text: He

text: is

text: currently

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Rugby

text: Board

text: and

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Rugby

text: Football

text: Union

text: On

text: May

text: he

text: was

text: elected

text: Chairman

text: of

text: World

text: Rugby

text: with

text: his

text: tenure

text: having

text: commenced

text: on

text: July

annotations: follows multiple

question: position_played_on_team_/_speciality maurice colclough

answer: lock

text: lock


text: Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province by a large margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians, and is the second-largest province in total area. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut are included. It is home to the nation's capital city, Ottawa, and the nation's most populous city, Toronto.

text: Ontario

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: and

text: territories

text: of

text: Canada

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: east

text: central

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: Canada

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: by

text: large

text: margin

text: accounting

text: for

text: nearly

text: percent

text: of

text: all

text: Canadians

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: province

text: in

text: total

text: area

text: Ontario

text: is

text: fourth

text: largest

text: in

text: total

text: area

text: when

text: the

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Territories

text: and

text: Nunavut

text: are

text: included

text: It

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: city

text: Ottawa

text: and

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Toronto

text: Mean sea level (MSL) (abbreviated simply sea level) is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured. MSL is a type of vertical datuma standardised geodetic reference pointthat is used, for example, as a chart datum in cartography and marine navigation, or, in aviation, as the standard sea level at which atmospheric pressure is measured in order to calibrate altitude and, consequently, aircraft flight levels. A common and relatively straightforward mean sea-level standard is the midpoint between a mean low and mean high tide at a particular location.

text: Mean

text: sea

text: level

text: MSL

text: abbreviated

text: simply

text: sea

text: level

text: is

text: an

text: average

text: level

text: of

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: oceans

text: from

text: which

text: heights

text: such

text: as

text: elevations

text: may

text: be

text: measured

text: MSL

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: vertical

text: datuma

text: standardised

text: geodetic

text: reference

text: pointthat

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: example

text: as

text: chart

text: datum

text: in

text: cartography

text: and

text: marine

text: navigation

text: or

text: in

text: aviation

text: as

text: the

text: standard

text: sea

text: level

text: at

text: which

text: atmospheric

text: pressure

text: is

text: measured

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: calibrate

text: altitude

text: and

text: consequently

text: aircraft

text: flight

text: levels

text: common

text: and

text: relatively

text: straightforward

text: mean

text: sea

text: level

text: standard

text: is

text: the

text: midpoint

text: between

text: mean

text: low

text: and

text: mean

text: high

text: tide

text: at

text: particular

text: location

text: The French River ( French : '' Rivière des Français '' ) is a river in Central Ontario , Canada . It flows 110 kilometres ( 68 mi ) from Lake Nipissing west to Georgian Bay . The river largely follows the boundary between the Parry Sound District and the Sudbury District , and in most contexts is considered the dividing line between Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario . The French River was designated a Canadian Heritage River in 1986 .

text: The

text: French

text: River

text: French

text: Rivière

text: des

text: Français

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: Central

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: It

text: flows

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: from

text: Lake

text: Nipissing

text: west

text: to

text: Georgian

text: Bay

text: The

text: river

text: largely

text: follows

text: the

text: boundary

text: between

text: the

text: Parry

text: Sound

text: District

text: and

text: the

text: Sudbury

text: District

text: and

text: in

text: most

text: contexts

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: dividing

text: line

text: between

text: Northern

text: Ontario

text: and

text: Southern

text: Ontario

text: The

text: French

text: River

text: was

text: designated

text: Canadian

text: Heritage

text: River

text: in

text: An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.

text: An

text: island

text: or

text: isle

text: is

text: any

text: piece

text: of

text: sub

text: continental

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: water

text: Very

text: small

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: emergent

text: land

text: features

text: on

text: atolls

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: islets

text: skerries

text: cays

text: or

text: keys

text: An

text: island

text: in

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: island

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: eyot

text: or

text: ait

text: and

text: small

text: island

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: holm

text: grouping

text: of

text: geographically

text: or

text: geologically

text: related

text: islands

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: archipelago

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Manitoulin Island (originally Ekaentouton) is a Canadian lake island in Lake Huron, in the province of Ontario. It is the largest freshwater lake island in the world. In addition to the historic Anishinaabe and European settlement of the island, archeological discoveries at Sheguiandah have demonstrated Paleo-Indian and Archaic cultures dating from 10,000 BC to 2000 BC.

text: Manitoulin

text: Island

text: originally

text: Ekaentouton

text: is

text: Canadian

text: lake

text: island

text: in

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Ontario

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: freshwater

text: lake

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: historic

text: Anishinaabe

text: and

text: European

text: settlement

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: archeological

text: discoveries

text: at

text: Sheguiandah

text: have

text: demonstrated

text: Paleo

text: Indian

text: and

text: Archaic

text: cultures

text: dating

text: from

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec; the two form the core of the OttawaGatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). The 2011 census reported a population of 883,391, making it the fourth-largest city in Canada; and 1,236,324 within the CMA, making it the fourth-largest CMA in Canada. The City of Ottawa reported that the city had an estimated population of 960,754 as of December 2015.

text: Ottawa

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Canada

text: It

text: stands

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Ottawa

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: southern

text: Ontario

text: Ottawa

text: borders

text: Gatineau

text: Quebec

text: the

text: two

text: form

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: OttawaGatineau

text: census

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: CMA

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Capital

text: Region

text: NCR

text: The

text: census

text: reported

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: CMA

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: CMA

text: in

text: Canada

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Ottawa

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: December

text: The Great Lakes (also called the Laurentian Great Lakes, or the Great Lakes of North America) are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the CanadaUnited States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or MichiganHuron), Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is , and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is . Due to their sea-like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as "inland seas". Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country. The southern half of the Great Lakes is bordered by the Great Lakes Megalopolis.

text: The

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Laurentian

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: are

text: series

text: of

text: interconnected

text: freshwater

text: lakes

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: mid

text: east

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: the

text: CanadaUnited

text: States

text: border

text: which

text: connect

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: through

text: the

text: Saint

text: Lawrence

text: River

text: Consisting

text: of

text: Lakes

text: Superior

text: Michigan

text: Huron

text: or

text: MichiganHuron

text: Erie

text: and

text: Ontario

text: they

text: form

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: of

text: freshwater

text: lakes

text: on

text: Earth

text: containing

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: surface

text: fresh

text: water

text: by

text: volume

text: The

text: total

text: surface

text: is

text: and

text: the

text: total

text: volume

text: measured

text: at

text: the

text: low

text: water

text: datum

text: is

text: Due

text: to

text: their

text: sea

text: like

text: characteristics

text: rolling

text: waves

text: sustained

text: winds

text: strong

text: currents

text: great

text: depths

text: and

text: distant

text: horizons

text: the

text: five

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: have

text: also

text: long

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: inland

text: seas

text: Lake

text: Superior

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: lake

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: lake

text: that

text: is

text: entirely

text: within

text: one

text: country

text: The

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: Megalopolis

text: The Bruce Peninsula is a peninsula in Ontario, Canada, that lies between Georgian Bay and the main basin of Lake Huron. The peninsula extends roughly northwestwards from the rest of Southern Ontario, pointing towards Manitoulin Island, with which it forms the widest strait joining Georgian Bay to the rest of Lake Huron. The Bruce Peninsula contains part of the geological formation known as the Niagara Escarpment.

text: The

text: Bruce

text: Peninsula

text: is

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: that

text: lies

text: between

text: Georgian

text: Bay

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: basin

text: of

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: The

text: peninsula

text: extends

text: roughly

text: northwestwards

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Southern

text: Ontario

text: pointing

text: towards

text: Manitoulin

text: Island

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: forms

text: the

text: widest

text: strait

text: joining

text: Georgian

text: Bay

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: The

text: Bruce

text: Peninsula

text: contains

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: geological

text: formation

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Niagara

text: Escarpment

text: The Ottawa River (Algonquin: "Kitchissippi"), is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. For most of its length, it defines the border between these two provinces. It is a major tributary of the St. Lawrence River.

text: The

text: Ottawa

text: River

text: Algonquin

text: Kitchissippi

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: of

text: Ontario

text: and

text: Quebec

text: For

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: length

text: it

text: defines

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: these

text: two

text: provinces

text: It

text: is

text: major

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: St.

text: Lawrence

text: River

text: Georgian Bay (French: "Baie Georgienne") is a large bay of Lake Huron, located entirely within Ontario, Canada. The main body of the bay lies east of the Bruce Peninsula and Manitoulin Island. To its northwest is the North Channel.

text: Georgian

text: Bay

text: French

text: Baie

text: Georgienne

text: is

text: large

text: bay

text: of

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: located

text: entirely

text: within

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: The

text: main

text: body

text: of

text: the

text: bay

text: lies

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Bruce

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: Manitoulin

text: Island

text: To

text: its

text: northwest

text: is

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

text: Southern Ontario is a primary region of the province of Ontario, Canada, the other primary region being Northern Ontario. It is the most densely populated and southernmost region in Canada. Situated south of Algonquin Park, it covers between 14 and 15% of the province, depending on the inclusion of the Parry Sound and Muskoka districts. The region is home to one-third of Canada's population.

text: Southern

text: Ontario

text: is

text: primary

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: the

text: other

text: primary

text: region

text: being

text: Northern

text: Ontario

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: and

text: southernmost

text: region

text: in

text: Canada

text: Situated

text: south

text: of

text: Algonquin

text: Park

text: it

text: covers

text: between

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: the

text: Parry

text: Sound

text: and

text: Muskoka

text: districts

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: Canada

text: 's

text: population

text: Lake Nipissing is a lake in the Canadian province of Ontario. It has a surface area of , a mean elevation of above sea level, and is located between the Ottawa River and Georgian Bay. Excluding the Great Lakes, Lake Nipissing is the third-largest lake in Ontario. It is relatively shallow for a large lake, with an average depth of only . The shallowness of the lake makes for many sandbars along the lake's irregular shoreline. The lake has many islands most of which are protected under the Protection of Significant Wetlands scheme, controlled by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry.

text: Lake

text: Nipissing

text: is

text: lake

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Ontario

text: It

text: has

text: surface

text: area

text: of

text: mean

text: elevation

text: of

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: between

text: the

text: Ottawa

text: River

text: and

text: Georgian

text: Bay

text: Excluding

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: Lake

text: Nipissing

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: lake

text: in

text: Ontario

text: It

text: is

text: relatively

text: shallow

text: for

text: large

text: lake

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: depth

text: of

text: only

text: The

text: shallowness

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: makes

text: for

text: many

text: sandbars

text: along

text: the

text: lake

text: 's

text: irregular

text: shoreline

text: The

text: lake

text: has

text: many

text: islands

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: protected

text: under

text: the

text: Protection

text: of

text: Significant

text: Wetlands

text: scheme

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Natural

text: Resources

text: and

text: Forestry

text: Northern Ontario is a primary geographic and administrative region of the Canadian province of Ontario; the other primary region being Southern Ontario. The geographic region lies north of Lake Huron (including Georgian Bay), the French River, Lake Nipissing, and the Mattawa River, while the administrative region has several boundaries further south that vary according to federal and provincial government policies and requirements, such as a part of Nipissing District that lies south of the Mattawa River.

text: Northern

text: Ontario

text: is

text: primary

text: geographic

text: and

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Ontario

text: the

text: other

text: primary

text: region

text: being

text: Southern

text: Ontario

text: The

text: geographic

text: region

text: lies

text: north

text: of

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: including

text: Georgian

text: Bay

text: the

text: French

text: River

text: Lake

text: Nipissing

text: and

text: the

text: Mattawa

text: River

text: while

text: the

text: administrative

text: region

text: has

text: several

text: boundaries

text: further

text: south

text: that

text: vary

text: according

text: to

text: federal

text: and

text: provincial

text: government

text: policies

text: and

text: requirements

text: such

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Nipissing

text: District

text: that

text: lies

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Mattawa

text: River

text: Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region.

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Saskatchewan

text: River

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Edmonton

text: Capital

text: Region

text: which

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: Alberta

text: 's

text: central

text: region

text: Calgary is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, about east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. In the 2011 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,096,833 and a metropolitan population of 1,214,839, making it the largest city in Alberta, and the third-largest municipality and fifth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada.

text: Calgary

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Bow

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Elbow

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: foothills

text: and

text: prairie

text: about

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: front

text: ranges

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Rockies

text: In

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Calgary

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Alberta

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: municipality

text: and

text: fifth

text: largest

text: census

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: CMA

text: in

text: Canada

text: The Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (MNRF) is a government ministry of the Canadian province of Ontario that is responsible for Ontarios provincial parks, forests, fisheries, wildlife, mineral aggregates and the Crown lands and waters that make up 87 per cent of the province. Its offices are divided into Northwestern, Northeastern and Southern Ontario regions with the main headquarters in Peterborough, Ontario.

text: The

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Natural

text: Resources

text: and

text: Forestry

text: MNRF

text: is

text: government

text: ministry

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Ontario

text: that

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: Ontarios

text: provincial

text: parks

text: forests

text: fisheries

text: wildlife

text: mineral

text: aggregates

text: and

text: the

text: Crown

text: lands

text: and

text: waters

text: that

text: make

text: up

text: per

text: cent

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: Its

text: offices

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: Northwestern

text: Northeastern

text: and

text: Southern

text: Ontario

text: regions

text: with

text: the

text: main

text: headquarters

text: in

text: Peterborough

text: Ontario

text:
Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically, it comprises the easterly portion of Lake MichiganHuron, having the same surface elevation as its westerly counterpart, to which it is connected by the , Straits of Mackinac. It is shared on the east by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the west by the state of Michigan in the United States. The name of the lake is derived from early French explorers who named it for the Huron people inhabiting the region.
The Huronian glaciation was named due to evidence collected from Lake Huron region. The northern parts of the lake include the North Channel and Georgian Bay. The main inlet is the St. Marys River and the main outlet is the St. Clair.

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Hydrologically

text: it

text: comprises

text: the

text: easterly

text: portion

text: of

text: Lake

text: MichiganHuron

text: having

text: the

text: same

text: surface

text: elevation

text: as

text: its

text: westerly

text: counterpart

text: to

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: connected

text: by

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Mackinac

text: It

text: is

text: shared

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Ontario

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Michigan

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: early

text: French

text: explorers

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: for

text: the

text: Huron

text: people

text: inhabiting

text: the

text: region

text: The

text: Huronian

text: glaciation

text: was

text: named

text: due

text: to

text: evidence

text: collected

text: from

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: region

text: The

text: northern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: include

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Georgian

text: Bay

text: The

text: main

text: inlet

text: is

text: the

text: St.

text: Marys

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: outlet

text: is

text: the

text: St.

text: Clair

text: The Mattawa River is a river in central Ontario, Canada. It flows east from Trout Lake east of North Bay and enters the Ottawa River at the town of Mattawa. Counting from the head of Trout Lake, it is 76 km in length. The river's name comes from the Algonquin word for "meeting of waterways".

text: The

text: Mattawa

text: River

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: central

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: It

text: flows

text: east

text: from

text: Trout

text: Lake

text: east

text: of

text: North

text: Bay

text: and

text: enters

text: the

text: Ottawa

text: River

text: at

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Mattawa

text: Counting

text: from

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: Trout

text: Lake

text: it

text: is

text: km

text: in

text: length

text: The

text: river

text: 's

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Algonquin

text: word

text: for

text: meeting

text: of

text: waterways

annotations: likely single

annotations: likely multiple

question: mouth_of_the_watercourse french river

answer: lake huron

text: lake huron

text: lake huron

text: lake huron

text: lake huron

text: lake huron

text: lake huron

text: lake huron


text: The vibraphone (also known as the vibraharp or simply the vibes) is a musical instrument in the struck idiophone subfamily of the percussion family.

text: The

text: vibraphone

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: vibraharp

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: vibes

text: is

text: musical

text: instrument

text: in

text: the

text: struck

text: idiophone

text: subfamily

text: of

text: the

text: percussion

text: family

text: Philadelphia International Records (PIR) is an American record label based in Philadelphia. It was founded in 1971 by the writer-producer duo, Kenneth Gamble and Leon Huff, along with their long time collaborator Thom Bell. It was famous for showcasing the Philadelphia soul music genre (also known as Philly soul) that was founded on the gospel, doo-wop, and soul music of the time. This Philly Soul sound later became a prominent and distinct era within R&B itself. During the 1970s the label released a string of worldwide hits which emphasized lavish orchestral instrumentation, heavy bass, and driving percussion.

text: Philadelphia

text: International

text: Records

text: PIR

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: based

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: writer

text: producer

text: duo

text: Kenneth

text: Gamble

text: and

text: Leon

text: Huff

text: along

text: with

text: their

text: long

text: time

text: collaborator

text: Thom

text: Bell

text: It

text: was

text: famous

text: for

text: showcasing

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: soul

text: music

text: genre

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Philly

text: soul

text: that

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: the

text: gospel

text: doo

text: wop

text: and

text: soul

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: This

text: Philly

text: Soul

text: sound

text: later

text: became

text: prominent

text: and

text: distinct

text: era

text: within

text: R&B

text: itself

text: During

text: the

text: the

text: label

text: released

text: string

text: of

text: worldwide

text: hits

text: which

text: emphasized

text: lavish

text: orchestral

text: instrumentation

text: heavy

text: bass

text: and

text: driving

text: percussion

text: Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the fifth-most populous city in the United States, with an estimated population of 1,567,442 and more than 6 million in the seventh-largest metropolitan statistical area, . Philadelphia is the economic and cultural anchor of the Delaware Valleya region located in the Northeastern United States at the confluence of the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers with 7.2 million people residing in the eighth-largest combined statistical area in the United States.

text: Philadelphia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: statistical

text: area

text: Philadelphia

text: is

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: anchor

text: of

text: the

text: Delaware

text: Valleya

text: region

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Northeastern

text: United

text: States

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Delaware

text: and

text: Schuylkill

text: rivers

text: with

text: million

text: people

text: residing

text: in

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: combined

text: statistical

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the latter term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the music industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies. Pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers  songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own music publishers, while others have outside publishers.

text: songwriter

text: is

text: an

text: individual

text: who

text: writes

text: the

text: lyrics

text: melodies

text: and

text: chord

text: progressions

text: for

text: songs

text: typically

text: for

text: popular

text: music

text: genre

text: such

text: as

text: rock

text: or

text: country

text: music

text: songwriter

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: called

text: composer

text: although

text: the

text: latter

text: term

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: mainly

text: for

text: individuals

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: music

text: genre

text: The

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: to

text: produce

text: popular

text: hits

text: means

text: that

text: songwriting

text: is

text: often

text: an

text: activity

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: tasks

text: are

text: distributed

text: between

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: For

text: example

text: songwriter

text: who

text: excels

text: at

text: writing

text: lyrics

text: might

text: be

text: paired

text: with

text: songwriter

text: with

text: gift

text: for

text: creating

text: original

text: melodies

text: Pop

text: songs

text: may

text: be

text: written

text: by

text: group

text: members

text: from

text: the

text: band

text: or

text: by

text: staff

text: writers

text: songwriters

text: directly

text: employed

text: by

text: music

text: publishers

text: Some

text: songwriters

text: serve

text: as

text: their

text: own

text: music

text: publishers

text: while

text: others

text: have

text: outside

text: publishers

text: Disco is a genre of dance music containing elements of funk, soul, pop, and salsa. It achieved popularity during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers from the gay, African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Disco can be seen as a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period. It was popular with both men and women, from many different backgrounds.

text: Disco

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: dance

text: music

text: containing

text: elements

text: of

text: funk

text: soul

text: pop

text: and

text: salsa

text: It

text: achieved

text: popularity

text: during

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: Its

text: initial

text: audiences

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: were

text: club

text: goers

text: from

text: the

text: gay

text: African

text: American

text: Italian

text: American

text: Latino

text: and

text: psychedelic

text: communities

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Disco

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: reaction

text: against

text: both

text: the

text: domination

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: stigmatization

text: of

text: dance

text: music

text: by

text: the

text: counterculture

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: It

text: was

text: popular

text: with

text: both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: from

text: many

text: different

text: backgrounds

text: Philadelphia soul, sometimes called Philly soul, the Philadelphia sound or Sweet Philly, is a genre of soul music characterized by funk influences and lush instrumental arrangements, often featuring sweeping strings and piercing horns. The subtle sound of a vibraphone can often be heard in the background of Philly soul songs. The genre laid the groundwork for disco and what are now considered quiet storm and smooth jazz by fusing the R&B rhythm sections of the 1960s with the pop vocal tradition, and featuring a slightly more pronounced jazz influence in its melodic structures and arrangements.

text: Philadelphia

text: soul

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Philly

text: soul

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: sound

text: or

text: Sweet

text: Philly

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: soul

text: music

text: characterized

text: by

text: funk

text: influences

text: and

text: lush

text: instrumental

text: arrangements

text: often

text: featuring

text: sweeping

text: strings

text: and

text: piercing

text: horns

text: The

text: subtle

text: sound

text: of

text: vibraphone

text: can

text: often

text: be

text: heard

text: in

text: the

text: background

text: of

text: Philly

text: soul

text: songs

text: The

text: genre

text: laid

text: the

text: groundwork

text: for

text: disco

text: and

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: considered

text: quiet

text: storm

text: and

text: smooth

text: jazz

text: by

text: fusing

text: the

text: R&B

text: rhythm

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: with

text: the

text: pop

text: vocal

text: tradition

text: and

text: featuring

text: slightly

text: more

text: pronounced

text: jazz

text: influence

text: in

text: its

text: melodic

text: structures

text: and

text: arrangements

text: Philly Groove Records was a soul music label started by Stan Watson and Sam Bell in 1967 , with noted producer Thom Bell doing A&R . The label 's best - known artists were male vocal group , the Delfonics and female group , First Choice . Both acts enjoyed a run of hits during the late 60s and early 70s , especially on the R&B charts . The label also had other artists such as Nat Turner 's Rebellion and David Lasley . It , along with Philadelphia International Records , was instrumental in establishing the famed Philadelphia soul sound . The label was distributed by Bell Records from its inception in 1967 until 1974 , when the label closed down shortly after Bell Records was folded into Arista Records . In 2012 , independent music publisher Reservoir Media Management acquired Philly Groove Records and its sister music publishing company , Nickel Shoe Music . In 2013 , Reservoir released its first original record featuring music from the Philly Groove catalog , a compilation of select tracks by The Delfonics called Philly Groove Records Presents : This Time , kicking off the album series Philly Groove Records Presents . In 2014 , Reservoir released six more albums in the series including - - Sound Experience - Philly Groove Presents : Do n't Fight The Feeling - The Delfonics - Philly Groove Records Presents : The Way Things Were - First Choice - Philly Groove Records Presents : The Early Years : Vol. 1 , 2 , 3 - Various Artists - Philly Groove Records Presents : Deeper In The Groove In 2015 , Reservoir partnered with Drexel University to host Uncovering The Philly Groove , an educational music mixing course at the school . Students were given unfinished Philly Groove recordings to mix and master , which they premiered at an event in Drexel 's URBN Center with panelists including Reservoir SVP of Creative & Business Development , Faith Newman ; Sigma Sound Studios founder , Joe Tarsia ; Philly Old School 100.3 station DJ Dyana Williams ; Drexel University Associate Professor and Audio Archivist Toby Seay ; and celebrated Philadelphia musician and record producer Bobby Eli .

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: Records

text: was

text: soul

text: music

text: label

text: started

text: by

text: Stan

text: Watson

text: and

text: Sam

text: Bell

text: in

text: with

text: noted

text: producer

text: Thom

text: Bell

text: doing

text: A&R

text: The

text: label

text: 's

text: best

text: known

text: artists

text: were

text: male

text: vocal

text: group

text: the

text: Delfonics

text: and

text: female

text: group

text: First

text: Choice

text: Both

text: acts

text: enjoyed

text: run

text: of

text: hits

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: especially

text: on

text: the

text: R&B

text: charts

text: The

text: label

text: also

text: had

text: other

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Nat

text: Turner

text: 's

text: Rebellion

text: and

text: David

text: Lasley

text: It

text: along

text: with

text: Philadelphia

text: International

text: Records

text: was

text: instrumental

text: in

text: establishing

text: the

text: famed

text: Philadelphia

text: soul

text: sound

text: The

text: label

text: was

text: distributed

text: by

text: Bell

text: Records

text: from

text: its

text: inception

text: in

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: label

text: closed

text: down

text: shortly

text: after

text: Bell

text: Records

text: was

text: folded

text: into

text: Arista

text: Records

text: In

text: independent

text: music

text: publisher

text: Reservoir

text: Media

text: Management

text: acquired

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: Records

text: and

text: its

text: sister

text: music

text: publishing

text: company

text: Nickel

text: Shoe

text: Music

text: In

text: Reservoir

text: released

text: its

text: first

text: original

text: record

text: featuring

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: catalog

text: compilation

text: of

text: select

text: tracks

text: by

text: The

text: Delfonics

text: called

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: Records

text: Presents

text: This

text: Time

text: kicking

text: off

text: the

text: album

text: series

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: Records

text: Presents

text: In

text: Reservoir

text: released

text: six

text: more

text: albums

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: including

text: Sound

text: Experience

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: Presents

text: Do

text: n't

text: Fight

text: The

text: Feeling

text: The

text: Delfonics

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: Records

text: Presents

text: The

text: Way

text: Things

text: Were

text: First

text: Choice

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: Records

text: Presents

text: The

text: Early

text: Years

text: Vol

text: Various

text: Artists

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: Records

text: Presents

text: Deeper

text: In

text: The

text: Groove

text: In

text: Reservoir

text: partnered

text: with

text: Drexel

text: University

text: to

text: host

text: Uncovering

text: The

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: an

text: educational

text: music

text: mixing

text: course

text: at

text: the

text: school

text: Students

text: were

text: given

text: unfinished

text: Philly

text: Groove

text: recordings

text: to

text: mix

text: and

text: master

text: which

text: they

text: premiered

text: at

text: an

text: event

text: in

text: Drexel

text: 's

text: URBN

text: Center

text: with

text: panelists

text: including

text: Reservoir

text: SVP

text: of

text: Creative

text: Business

text: Development

text: Faith

text: Newman

text: Sigma

text: Sound

text: Studios

text: founder

text: Joe

text: Tarsia

text: Philly

text: Old

text: School

text: station

text: DJ

text: Dyana

text: Williams

text: Drexel

text: University

text: Associate

text: Professor

text: and

text: Audio

text: Archivist

text: Toby

text: Seay

text: and

text: celebrated

text: Philadelphia

text: musician

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: Bobby

text: Eli

text: Rhythm (from Greek , "rhythmos", "any regular recurring motion, symmetry" ) generally means a "movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions" . This general meaning of regular recurrence or pattern in time can apply to a wide variety of cyclical natural phenomena having a periodicity or frequency of anything from microseconds to several seconds (as with the riff in a rock music song); to several minutes or hours, or, at the most extreme, even over many years.

text: Rhythm

text: from

text: Greek

text: rhythmos

text: any

text: regular

text: recurring

text: motion

text: symmetry

text: generally

text: means

text: movement

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: regulated

text: succession

text: of

text: strong

text: and

text: weak

text: elements

text: or

text: of

text: opposite

text: or

text: different

text: conditions

text: This

text: general

text: meaning

text: of

text: regular

text: recurrence

text: or

text: pattern

text: in

text: time

text: can

text: apply

text: to

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: cyclical

text: natural

text: phenomena

text: having

text: periodicity

text: or

text: frequency

text: of

text: anything

text: from

text: microseconds

text: to

text: several

text: seconds

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: riff

text: in

text: rock

text: music

text: song

text: to

text: several

text: minutes

text: or

text: hours

text: or

text: at

text: the

text: most

text: extreme

text: even

text: over

text: many

text: years

text: Quiet storm is a radio format and a subgenre of contemporary R&B music that is characterized by understated, mellow dynamics, slow tempos, and relaxed rhythms. It was pioneered in the mid-1970s by Melvin Lindsey, while he was an intern at the radio station WHUR-FM in Washington, D.C.. This style of R&B music is named for Smokey Robinson's 1976 single "Quiet Storm".

text: Quiet

text: storm

text: is

text: radio

text: format

text: and

text: subgenre

text: of

text: contemporary

text: R&B

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: understated

text: mellow

text: dynamics

text: slow

text: tempos

text: and

text: relaxed

text: rhythms

text: It

text: was

text: pioneered

text: in

text: the

text: by

text: Melvin

text: Lindsey

text: while

text: he

text: was

text: an

text: intern

text: at

text: the

text: radio

text: station

text: WHUR

text: FM

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C

text: This

text: style

text: of

text: R&B

text: music

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: Smokey

text: Robinson

text: 's

text: single

text: Quiet

text: Storm

text: Soul music (often referred to simply as soul) is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues and jazz. Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States; where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential in the civil rights era. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music and the music of Africa.

text: Soul

text: music

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: simply

text: as

text: soul

text: is

text: popular

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: It

text: combines

text: elements

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: gospel

text: music

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: and

text: jazz

text: Soul

text: music

text: became

text: popular

text: for

text: dancing

text: and

text: listening

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: where

text: record

text: labels

text: such

text: as

text: Motown

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Stax

text: were

text: influential

text: in

text: the

text: civil

text: rights

text: era

text: Soul

text: also

text: became

text: popular

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: directly

text: influencing

text: rock

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: music

text: of

text: Africa

text: In music, an arrangement is a musical reconceptualization of a previously composed work. It may differ from the original work by means of reharmonization, melodic paraphrasing, orchestration, or development of the formal structure. Arranging differs from orchestration in that the latter process is limited to the assignment of notes to instruments for performance by an orchestra, concert band, or other musical ensemble. Arranging "involves adding compositional techniques, such as new thematic material for introductions, transitions, or modulations, and endings... Arranging is the art of giving an existing melody musical variety".

text: In

text: music

text: an

text: arrangement

text: is

text: musical

text: reconceptualization

text: of

text: previously

text: composed

text: work

text: It

text: may

text: differ

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: work

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: reharmonization

text: melodic

text: paraphrasing

text: orchestration

text: or

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: formal

text: structure

text: Arranging

text: differs

text: from

text: orchestration

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: latter

text: process

text: is

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: assignment

text: of

text: notes

text: to

text: instruments

text: for

text: performance

text: by

text: an

text: orchestra

text: concert

text: band

text: or

text: other

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: Arranging

text: involves

text: adding

text: compositional

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: new

text: thematic

text: material

text: for

text: introductions

text: transitions

text: or

text: modulations

text: and

text: endings

text: Arranging

text: is

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: giving

text: an

text: existing

text: melody

text: musical

text: variety

text: Thomas Randolph "Thom" Bell (born January 26, 1943) is a Jamaican-born American songwriter, arranger and producer, best known as one of the creators of the Philadelphia style of soul music in the 1970s.

text: Thomas

text: Randolph

text: Thom

text: Bell

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: Jamaican

text: born

text: American

text: songwriter

text: arranger

text: and

text: producer

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: creators

text: of

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: style

text: of

text: soul

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: Smooth jazz is a popular genre of music that grew out of jazz and is influenced by rhythm and blues, funk, rock and roll, and pop music styles (separately, or, in any combination). Musicians such as Kenny G, Ramsey Lewis, Dave Koz, and Spyro Gyra have had hits with instrumental recordings, while singers such as Anita Baker, Sade, Sting and Norah Jones have found success with vocal releases. George Benson remains a popular Smooth Jazz artist as both a singer and guitar player.

text: Smooth

text: jazz

text: is

text: popular

text: genre

text: of

text: music

text: that

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: jazz

text: and

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: funk

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: and

text: pop

text: music

text: styles

text: separately

text: or

text: in

text: any

text: combination

text: Musicians

text: such

text: as

text: Kenny

text: Ramsey

text: Lewis

text: Dave

text: Koz

text: and

text: Spyro

text: Gyra

text: have

text: had

text: hits

text: with

text: instrumental

text: recordings

text: while

text: singers

text: such

text: as

text: Anita

text: Baker

text: Sade

text: Sting

text: and

text: Norah

text: Jones

text: have

text: found

text: success

text: with

text: vocal

text: releases

text: George

text: Benson

text: remains

text: popular

text: Smooth

text: Jazz

text: artist

text: as

text: both

text: singer

text: and

text: guitar

text: player

text: Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid- 1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions used in other related genres and brings a strong rhythmic groove of a bass line played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer to the foreground. Funk songs are often based on an extended vamp on a single chord, distinguishing them from R&B and soul songs, which are built on complex chord progressions. Funk uses the same richly-colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths.

text: Funk

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: mid-

text: when

text: African

text: American

text: musicians

text: created

text: rhythmic

text: danceable

text: new

text: form

text: of

text: music

text: through

text: mixture

text: of

text: soul

text: music

text: jazz

text: and

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: R&B

text: Funk

text: de

text: emphasizes

text: melody

text: and

text: chord

text: progressions

text: used

text: in

text: other

text: related

text: genres

text: and

text: brings

text: strong

text: rhythmic

text: groove

text: of

text: bass

text: line

text: played

text: by

text: an

text: electric

text: bassist

text: and

text: drum

text: part

text: played

text: by

text: drummer

text: to

text: the

text: foreground

text: Funk

text: songs

text: are

text: often

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: extended

text: vamp

text: on

text: single

text: chord

text: distinguishing

text: them

text: from

text: R&B

text: and

text: soul

text: songs

text: which

text: are

text: built

text: on

text: complex

text: chord

text: progressions

text: Funk

text: uses

text: the

text: same

text: richly

text: colored

text: extended

text: chords

text: found

text: in

text: bebop

text: jazz

text: such

text: as

text: minor

text: chords

text: with

text: added

text: sevenths

text: and

text: elevenths

text: or

text: dominant

text: seventh

text: chords

text: with

text: altered

text: ninths

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of philly groove records

answer: record label

text: record label