text: `` I Wish U Heaven '' is a song by Prince , and the third single from his 1988 album , Lovesexy . It is a joyful , spiritual song with few lyrics , which runs 2:43 . The 12 `` single is a substantially extended three - part suite which runs over ten minutes . Part One of the mix starts with a stripped - down version of the Lovesexy album song , remixed with a dance beat . The original drum programming and rhythmic electric guitar riffs are deleted for much of the song . Part Two is a gospel rendition with new lyrics , continuing the spiritual theme . This part of the song was often sung in concert during the Lovesexy World Tour . The beginning of this section paraphrases lyrics from '' Housequake `` , from the previous album Sign ''  `` the Times . Prince also quotes the film Scarface with the lines '' Say hello to my little friend ... `` and then introduces the '' Blue Angel `` , a new blue version of his custom '' White Cloud `` guitar featured in the film Purple Rain . Sheila E. is also given a call out , and her voice can be heard responding in this section . Part Three is based on an outtake called '' Take This Beat `` and deviates quite a bit from the original theme . This segment has Prince using his '' Jamie Starr `` persona to humorously tout the fact that he 's funky , musically talented , and has plenty of beats ( songs ) that are '' so fine `` . The song ends with a looped repeat of the title . This version of the song became one of the highlights during the supporting tour in which Prince would usually order the house lights to be turned up , and instruct the crowd during a call and response segment . The B - side , '' Scarlet Pussy `` , is credited to Prince 's alter ego , Camille . The song is very sexual , using metaphors of cats and dogs for sexual organs , a theme Prince previously used for the B - side '' La , La , La , He , He , Hee `` . Prince uses his sped - up Camille vocals , as well as a slowed - down vocal , similar to '' Bob George `` from The Black Album . The song features a saxophone solo from Eric Leeds . The decision to include such a raunchy song with the spiritual A-side was noteworthy . The edit of '' Scarlet Pussy `` was included on 1993 's The Hits / The B - Sides .

text: Wish

text: Heaven

text: is

text: song

text: by

text: Prince

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: single

text: from

text: his

text: album

text: Lovesexy

text: It

text: is

text: joyful

text: spiritual

text: song

text: with

text: few

text: lyrics

text: which

text: runs

text: The

text: single

text: is

text: substantially

text: extended

text: three

text: part

text: suite

text: which

text: runs

text: over

text: ten

text: minutes

text: Part

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: mix

text: starts

text: with

text: stripped

text: down

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Lovesexy

text: album

text: song

text: remixed

text: with

text: dance

text: beat

text: The

text: original

text: drum

text: programming

text: and

text: rhythmic

text: electric

text: guitar

text: riffs

text: are

text: deleted

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: Part

text: Two

text: is

text: gospel

text: rendition

text: with

text: new

text: lyrics

text: continuing

text: the

text: spiritual

text: theme

text: This

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: was

text: often

text: sung

text: in

text: concert

text: during

text: the

text: Lovesexy

text: World

text: Tour

text: The

text: beginning

text: of

text: this

text: section

text: paraphrases

text: lyrics

text: from

text: Housequake

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: album

text: Sign

text: the

text: Times

text: Prince

text: also

text: quotes

text: the

text: film

text: Scarface

text: with

text: the

text: lines

text: Say

text: hello

text: to

text: my

text: little

text: friend

text: and

text: then

text: introduces

text: the

text: Blue

text: Angel

text: new

text: blue

text: version

text: of

text: his

text: custom

text: White

text: Cloud

text: guitar

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Purple

text: Rain

text: Sheila

text: is

text: also

text: given

text: call

text: out

text: and

text: her

text: voice

text: can

text: be

text: heard

text: responding

text: in

text: this

text: section

text: Part

text: Three

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: outtake

text: called

text: Take

text: This

text: Beat

text: and

text: deviates

text: quite

text: bit

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: theme

text: This

text: segment

text: has

text: Prince

text: using

text: his

text: Jamie

text: Starr

text: persona

text: to

text: humorously

text: tout

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: he

text: 's

text: funky

text: musically

text: talented

text: and

text: has

text: plenty

text: of

text: beats

text: songs

text: that

text: are

text: so

text: fine

text: The

text: song

text: ends

text: with

text: looped

text: repeat

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: This

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highlights

text: during

text: the

text: supporting

text: tour

text: in

text: which

text: Prince

text: would

text: usually

text: order

text: the

text: house

text: lights

text: to

text: be

text: turned

text: up

text: and

text: instruct

text: the

text: crowd

text: during

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: segment

text: The

text: side

text: Scarlet

text: Pussy

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Prince

text: 's

text: alter

text: ego

text: Camille

text: The

text: song

text: is

text: very

text: sexual

text: using

text: metaphors

text: of

text: cats

text: and

text: dogs

text: for

text: sexual

text: organs

text: theme

text: Prince

text: previously

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: side

text: La

text: La

text: La

text: He

text: He

text: Hee

text: Prince

text: uses

text: his

text: sped

text: up

text: Camille

text: vocals

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: slowed

text: down

text: vocal

text: similar

text: to

text: Bob

text: George

text: from

text: The

text: Black

text: Album

text: The

text: song

text: features

text: saxophone

text: solo

text: from

text: Eric

text: Leeds

text: The

text: decision

text: to

text: include

text: such

text: raunchy

text: song

text: with

text: the

text: spiritual

text: side

text: was

text: noteworthy

text: The

text: edit

text: of

text: Scarlet

text: Pussy

text: was

text: included

text: on

text: 's

text: The

text: Hits

text: The

text: Sides

text: Ingrid Julia Chavez (born January 21, 1965) is an American poet, vocalist, songwriter and photographer.

text: Ingrid

text: Julia

text: Chavez

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: poet

text: vocalist

text: songwriter

text: and

text: photographer

text: Paisley Park Records was Prince's record label, which was distributed by and funded in part by Warner Bros. Records. It was started in 1985, following the success of the film and album "Purple Rain". The label shares its name with Prince's recording complex Paisley Park Studios and the song "Paisley Park" on his 1985 "Around the World in a Day" album. Paisley Park was opened to the public as a museum and memorial to Prince following his death. October 28, 2016 is officially known as "Paisley Park Day" in the city of Chanhassen to recognize the opening of the museum.

text: Paisley

text: Park

text: Records

text: was

text: Prince

text: 's

text: record

text: label

text: which

text: was

text: distributed

text: by

text: and

text: funded

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Records

text: It

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: and

text: album

text: Purple

text: Rain

text: The

text: label

text: shares

text: its

text: name

text: with

text: Prince

text: 's

text: recording

text: complex

text: Paisley

text: Park

text: Studios

text: and

text: the

text: song

text: Paisley

text: Park

text: on

text: his

text: Around

text: the

text: World

text: in

text: Day

text: album

text: Paisley

text: Park

text: was

text: opened

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: as

text: museum

text: and

text: memorial

text: to

text: Prince

text: following

text: his

text: death

text: October

text: is

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: Paisley

text: Park

text: Day

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Chanhassen

text: to

text: recognize

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: museum

text: Warner Bros. Records Inc. is an American major record label established in 1958 as the foundation label of the present-day Warner Music Group (WMG), and now operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of that corporation. Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19, 1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its early existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a convoluted series of corporate mergers and acquisitions from the early 1960s to the early 2000s. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a struggling minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world.

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Records

text: Inc.

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: major

text: record

text: label

text: established

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: foundation

text: label

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: WMG

text: and

text: now

text: operates

text: as

text: wholly

text: owned

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: that

text: corporation

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Records

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: March

text: as

text: the

text: recorded

text: music

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: film

text: studio

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: For

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: early

text: existence

text: it

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: group

text: of

text: labels

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: larger

text: parent

text: corporations

text: The

text: sequence

text: of

text: companies

text: that

text: controlled

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: and

text: its

text: allied

text: labels

text: evolved

text: through

text: convoluted

text: series

text: of

text: corporate

text: mergers

text: and

text: acquisitions

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: Over

text: this

text: period

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Records

text: grew

text: from

text: struggling

text: minor

text: player

text: in

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: to

text: become

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: recording

text: labels

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Sheila Escovedo (born December 12, 1957) better known under the stage name Sheila E., is an American singer, percussionist, author, and actress. She began her career in the mid 1970s as a percussionist and singer for The George Duke Band. After leaving the group in 1983, Sheila began a successful solo career, starting with her critically acclaimed debut album, which included the career-defining song, "The Glamorous Life". She became a mainstream solo star in 1985 following the success of the singles, "The Belle of St. Mark", "Sister Fate", and "A Love Bizarre" with the latter becoming one of signature songs. She is commonly referred to as The Queen of Percussion.

text: Sheila

text: Escovedo

text: born

text: December

text: better

text: known

text: under

text: the

text: stage

text: name

text: Sheila

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: percussionist

text: author

text: and

text: actress

text: She

text: began

text: her

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: as

text: percussionist

text: and

text: singer

text: for

text: The

text: George

text: Duke

text: Band

text: After

text: leaving

text: the

text: group

text: in

text: Sheila

text: began

text: successful

text: solo

text: career

text: starting

text: with

text: her

text: critically

text: acclaimed

text: debut

text: album

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: career

text: defining

text: song

text: The

text: Glamorous

text: Life

text: She

text: became

text: mainstream

text: solo

text: star

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: the

text: singles

text: The

text: Belle

text: of

text: St.

text: Mark

text: Sister

text: Fate

text: and

text: Love

text: Bizarre

text: with

text: the

text: latter

text: becoming

text: one

text: of

text: signature

text: songs

text: She

text: is

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Queen

text: of

text: Percussion

text:
Matthew Robert "Matt" Fink, better known by the stage name Doctor Fink, is an American keyboardist, record producer, and songwriter. He is best known as a member of The Revolution, the backing band for pop musician Prince. Fink won a Grammy Award
in 1985 for the album "Purple Rain". The recording has sold over 18 million copies since its release.

text: Matthew

text: Robert

text: Matt

text: Fink

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: stage

text: name

text: Doctor

text: Fink

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: keyboardist

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: The

text: Revolution

text: the

text: backing

text: band

text: for

text: pop

text: musician

text: Prince

text: Fink

text: won

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: album

text: Purple

text: Rain

text: The

text: recording

text: has

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: copies

text: since

text: its

text: release

text: Eric Leeds (born January 19, 1952) is an American saxophone player, mostly being known for his work with Prince. Having recorded mostly music in the pop and funk-genres, but is actually a studied jazz-musician.

text: Eric

text: Leeds

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: saxophone

text: player

text: mostly

text: being

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: with

text: Prince

text: Having

text: recorded

text: mostly

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: pop

text: and

text: funk

text: genres

text: but

text: is

text: actually

text: studied

text: jazz

text: musician

text: Lovesexy is the tenth studio album by American recording artist Prince. The album was released on May 10, 1988 by Paisley Park Records and Warner Bros. Records, a little over a year after Prince's previous studio album, "Sign o' the Times", which received critical praise and a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year. "Lovesexy" received mixed reviews; it was issued as a substitute record after the last minute cancellation of the infamous "The Black Album". The album was recorded in just seven weeks, from mid-December 1987 to late January 1988, at Prince's new Paisley Park Records, and most of the album is a solo effort from Prince, with a few exceptions. The opening track, "Eye No", was recorded with the full band (Miko Weaver on guitar, Levi Seacer, Jr. on bass, Doctor Fink and Boni Boyer on keyboards, Eric Leeds on saxophone, Atlanta Bliss on trumpet and Sheila E. on drums). Sheila E., in fact, plays drums on several tracks and sings backup, along with Boyer. Leeds and Bliss provide horns on most tracks, and Ingrid Chavez provides the intro to "Eye No". The album is designed to be heard in the context of a continuous sequence: LP pressings split the album in two side-long tracks, without visual bands to indicate individual songs. Similarly, early CD copies of "Lovesexy" have the entire album in sequence as a single track, though some later editions have it as nine separate tracks.

text: Lovesexy

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: American

text: recording

text: artist

text: Prince

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: May

text: by

text: Paisley

text: Park

text: Records

text: and

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Records

text: little

text: over

text: year

text: after

text: Prince

text: 's

text: previous

text: studio

text: album

text: Sign

text: the

text: Times

text: which

text: received

text: critical

text: praise

text: and

text: Grammy

text: nomination

text: for

text: Album

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: Lovesexy

text: received

text: mixed

text: reviews

text: it

text: was

text: issued

text: as

text: substitute

text: record

text: after

text: the

text: last

text: minute

text: cancellation

text: of

text: the

text: infamous

text: The

text: Black

text: Album

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: recorded

text: in

text: just

text: seven

text: weeks

text: from

text: mid

text: December

text: to

text: late

text: January

text: at

text: Prince

text: 's

text: new

text: Paisley

text: Park

text: Records

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: is

text: solo

text: effort

text: from

text: Prince

text: with

text: few

text: exceptions

text: The

text: opening

text: track

text: Eye

text: No

text: was

text: recorded

text: with

text: the

text: full

text: band

text: Miko

text: Weaver

text: on

text: guitar

text: Levi

text: Seacer

text: Jr.

text: on

text: bass

text: Doctor

text: Fink

text: and

text: Boni

text: Boyer

text: on

text: keyboards

text: Eric

text: Leeds

text: on

text: saxophone

text: Atlanta

text: Bliss

text: on

text: trumpet

text: and

text: Sheila

text: on

text: drums

text: Sheila

text: in

text: fact

text: plays

text: drums

text: on

text: several

text: tracks

text: and

text: sings

text: backup

text: along

text: with

text: Boyer

text: Leeds

text: and

text: Bliss

text: provide

text: horns

text: on

text: most

text: tracks

text: and

text: Ingrid

text: Chavez

text: provides

text: the

text: intro

text: to

text: Eye

text: No

text: The

text: album

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: be

text: heard

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: continuous

text: sequence

text: LP

text: pressings

text: split

text: the

text: album

text: in

text: two

text: side

text: long

text: tracks

text: without

text: visual

text: bands

text: to

text: indicate

text: individual

text: songs

text: Similarly

text: early

text: CD

text: copies

text: of

text: Lovesexy

text: have

text: the

text: entire

text: album

text: in

text: sequence

text: as

text: single

text: track

text: though

text: some

text: later

text: editions

text: have

text: it

text: as

text: nine

text: separate

text: tracks

text: Sign o' the Times is the ninth studio album by the American recording artist Prince, released on March 31, 1987, by Paisley Park Records and Warner Bros. Records. The album is the follow-up to "Parade" (1986) and is Prince's first album following his disbanding of the Revolution. The songs were largely recorded during 1986 to 1987 in sessions for albums Prince ultimately aborted: "Dream Factory", "Camille", and "Crystal Ball". Initially intending to release a triple album culled from these sessions, Prince compromised with label executives and shortened the length of the release to a double album.

text: Sign

text: the

text: Times

text: is

text: the

text: ninth

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: recording

text: artist

text: Prince

text: released

text: on

text: March

text: by

text: Paisley

text: Park

text: Records

text: and

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Records

text: The

text: album

text: is

text: the

text: follow

text: up

text: to

text: Parade

text: and

text: is

text: Prince

text: 's

text: first

text: album

text: following

text: his

text: disbanding

text: of

text: the

text: Revolution

text: The

text: songs

text: were

text: largely

text: recorded

text: during

text: to

text: in

text: sessions

text: for

text: albums

text: Prince

text: ultimately

text: aborted

text: Dream

text: Factory

text: Camille

text: and

text: Crystal

text: Ball

text: Initially

text: intending

text: to

text: release

text: triple

text: album

text: culled

text: from

text: these

text: sessions

text: Prince

text: compromised

text: with

text: label

text: executives

text: and

text: shortened

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: release

text: to

text: double

text: album

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: record_label i wish u heaven

answer: paisley park records

text: paisley park records

text: paisley park records

text: paisley park records

text: paisley park records


text: A pen name ("nom de plume", or "literary double") is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of his or her works in place of their "real" name. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise his or her gender, to distance an author from some or all of his or her previous works, to protect the author from retribution for his or her writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge.

text: pen

text: name

text: nom

text: de

text: plume

text: or

text: literary

text: double

text: is

text: pseudonym

text: or

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: variant

text: form

text: of

text: real

text: name

text: adopted

text: by

text: an

text: author

text: and

text: printed

text: on

text: the

text: title

text: page

text: or

text: by

text: line

text: of

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: works

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: their

text: real

text: name

text: pen

text: name

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: name

text: more

text: distinctive

text: to

text: disguise

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: gender

text: to

text: distance

text: an

text: author

text: from

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: previous

text: works

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: author

text: from

text: retribution

text: for

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: writings

text: to

text: combine

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: author

text: into

text: single

text: author

text: or

text: for

text: any

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: reasons

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: marketing

text: or

text: aesthetic

text: presentation

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: The

text: author

text: 's

text: name

text: may

text: be

text: known

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: publisher

text: or

text: may

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: common

text: knowledge

text: The pope (from "pappas", a child's word for "father") is the Bishop of Rome and, therefore, the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. The primacy of the Roman bishop is largely derived from his role as the traditional successor to Saint Peter, to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI.

text: The

text: pope

text: from

text: pappas

text: child

text: 's

text: word

text: for

text: father

text: is

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: worldwide

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: The

text: primacy

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: bishop

text: is

text: largely

text: derived

text: from

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: traditional

text: successor

text: to

text: Saint

text: Peter

text: to

text: whom

text: Jesus

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: have

text: given

text: the

text: keys

text: of

text: Heaven

text: and

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: binding

text: and

text: loosing

text: naming

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: rock

text: upon

text: which

text: the

text: church

text: would

text: be

text: built

text: The

text: current

text: pope

text: is

text: Francis

text: who

text: was

text: elected

text: on

text: March

text: succeeding

text: Benedict

text: XVI

text: Girl Detective is a series replacing the long-running Nancy Drew mysteries series, which had been running since 1930, first from Grosset & Dunlap and latterly from Simon & Schuster. Stories are written in first person narrative style with Nancy herself describing all the action, and feature updated and overhauled versions of the main Nancy Drew characters. In 2013, The series was ended and a new current series called Nancy Drew Diaries was launched.

text: Girl

text: Detective

text: is

text: series

text: replacing

text: the

text: long

text: running

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: mysteries

text: series

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: running

text: since

text: first

text: from

text: Grosset

text: Dunlap

text: and

text: latterly

text: from

text: Simon

text: Schuster

text: Stories

text: are

text: written

text: in

text: first

text: person

text: narrative

text: style

text: with

text: Nancy

text: herself

text: describing

text: all

text: the

text: action

text: and

text: feature

text: updated

text: and

text: overhauled

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: characters

text: In

text: The

text: series

text: was

text: ended

text: and

text: new

text: current

text: series

text: called

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Diaries

text: was

text: launched

text: The Nancy Drew Notebooks are a series of books featuring the amateur sleuth Nancy Drew. The stories are aimed at younger readers and portray an 8-year-old Nancy and her friends in the third grade. Each book is illustrated with eight black and white drawings. The series original illustrator was Anthony Accardo, later volumes were illustrated by Jan Naimo Jones, and Paul Casale . The "notebook" in the series title refers to the "blue notebook in which [Nancy] keeps track of her mysteries and writes down what she learns". The stories end with a moral message telling the reader what Nancy has learned. The cover layout has changed and evolved throughout the series. It was initially published by the Minstrel imprint and later switched to the Aladdin imprint. The series ended with volume #69 in December 2005, and was relaunched (from volume 1) as Nancy Drew and the Clue Crew.

text: The

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Notebooks

text: are

text: series

text: of

text: books

text: featuring

text: the

text: amateur

text: sleuth

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: The

text: stories

text: are

text: aimed

text: at

text: younger

text: readers

text: and

text: portray

text: an

text: old

text: Nancy

text: and

text: her

text: friends

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: grade

text: Each

text: book

text: is

text: illustrated

text: with

text: eight

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: drawings

text: The

text: series

text: original

text: illustrator

text: was

text: Anthony

text: Accardo

text: later

text: volumes

text: were

text: illustrated

text: by

text: Jan

text: Naimo

text: Jones

text: and

text: Paul

text: Casale

text: The

text: notebook

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: title

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: blue

text: notebook

text: in

text: which

text: Nancy

text: keeps

text: track

text: of

text: her

text: mysteries

text: and

text: writes

text: down

text: what

text: she

text: learns

text: The

text: stories

text: end

text: with

text: moral

text: message

text: telling

text: the

text: reader

text: what

text: Nancy

text: has

text: learned

text: The

text: cover

text: layout

text: has

text: changed

text: and

text: evolved

text: throughout

text: the

text: series

text: It

text: was

text: initially

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: Minstrel

text: imprint

text: and

text: later

text: switched

text: to

text: the

text: Aladdin

text: imprint

text: The

text: series

text: ended

text: with

text: volume

text: in

text: December

text: and

text: was

text: relaunched

text: from

text: volume

text: as

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: and

text: the

text: Clue

text: Crew

text: The Stratemeyer Syndicate was the producer of a number of mystery series for children, including Nancy Drew, the Hardy Boys, the various Tom Swift series, the Bobbsey Twins, the Rover Boys, and others.

text: The

text: Stratemeyer

text: Syndicate

text: was

text: the

text: producer

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: mystery

text: series

text: for

text: children

text: including

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: the

text: Hardy

text: Boys

text: the

text: various

text: Tom

text: Swift

text: series

text: the

text: Bobbsey

text: Twins

text: the

text: Rover

text: Boys

text: and

text: others

text: Nancy Drew is a fictional American character in a mystery fiction series created by publisher Edward Stratemeyer. The character first appeared in 1930. The books are ghostwritten by a number of authors and published under the collective pseudonym Carolyn Keene. Over the decades, the character evolved in response to changes in US culture and tastes. The books were extensively revised and shortened, beginning in 1959, in part to lower printing costs and to eliminate racist stereotypes, with arguable success. In the revision process, the heroine's original character was changed to be less assertive and more feminine. In the 1980s, an older and more professional Nancy emerged in a new series, "The Nancy Drew Files", that included romantic subplots for the sleuth. The original "Nancy Drew Mystery Stories" series started in 1930, and ended in 2004. Launched that same year, the "Girl Detective" series features Nancy driving a hybrid electric vehicle and using a cell phone. In 2013, the "Girl Detective" series ended, and a new current series called "Nancy Drew Diaries" was launched. Illustrations of the character evolved over time to reflect contemporary styles. The character proves continuously popular worldwide: at least 80 million copies of the books have been sold, and the books have been translated into over 45 languages. Nancy Drew is featured in five films, two television shows, and a number of popular computer games; she also appears in a variety of merchandise sold around the world.

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: is

text: fictional

text: American

text: character

text: in

text: mystery

text: fiction

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: publisher

text: Edward

text: Stratemeyer

text: The

text: character

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: The

text: books

text: are

text: ghostwritten

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: authors

text: and

text: published

text: under

text: the

text: collective

text: pseudonym

text: Carolyn

text: Keene

text: Over

text: the

text: decades

text: the

text: character

text: evolved

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: changes

text: in

text: US

text: culture

text: and

text: tastes

text: The

text: books

text: were

text: extensively

text: revised

text: and

text: shortened

text: beginning

text: in

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: lower

text: printing

text: costs

text: and

text: to

text: eliminate

text: racist

text: stereotypes

text: with

text: arguable

text: success

text: In

text: the

text: revision

text: process

text: the

text: heroine

text: 's

text: original

text: character

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: be

text: less

text: assertive

text: and

text: more

text: feminine

text: In

text: the

text: an

text: older

text: and

text: more

text: professional

text: Nancy

text: emerged

text: in

text: new

text: series

text: The

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Files

text: that

text: included

text: romantic

text: subplots

text: for

text: the

text: sleuth

text: The

text: original

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Mystery

text: Stories

text: series

text: started

text: in

text: and

text: ended

text: in

text: Launched

text: that

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: Girl

text: Detective

text: series

text: features

text: Nancy

text: driving

text: hybrid

text: electric

text: vehicle

text: and

text: using

text: cell

text: phone

text: In

text: the

text: Girl

text: Detective

text: series

text: ended

text: and

text: new

text: current

text: series

text: called

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Diaries

text: was

text: launched

text: Illustrations

text: of

text: the

text: character

text: evolved

text: over

text: time

text: to

text: reflect

text: contemporary

text: styles

text: The

text: character

text: proves

text: continuously

text: popular

text: worldwide

text: at

text: least

text: million

text: copies

text: of

text: the

text: books

text: have

text: been

text: sold

text: and

text: the

text: books

text: have

text: been

text: translated

text: into

text: over

text: languages

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: is

text: featured

text: in

text: five

text: films

text: two

text: television

text: shows

text: and

text: number

text: of

text: popular

text: computer

text: games

text: she

text: also

text: appears

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: merchandise

text: sold

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: The Bungalow Mystery is the third volume in the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories series written under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene . It was the last of three books in the `` breeder set '' trilogy , released in 1930 , to test - market the series . It was the final volume edited by Edward Stratemeyer before his death . His daughter , Harriet Stratemeyer Adams , extensively revised the novel in 1960 .

text: The

text: Bungalow

text: Mystery

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: volume

text: in

text: the

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Mystery

text: Stories

text: series

text: written

text: under

text: the

text: pseudonym

text: Carolyn

text: Keene

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: three

text: books

text: in

text: the

text: breeder

text: set

text: trilogy

text: released

text: in

text: to

text: test

text: market

text: the

text: series

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: final

text: volume

text: edited

text: by

text: Edward

text: Stratemeyer

text: before

text: his

text: death

text: His

text: daughter

text: Harriet

text: Stratemeyer

text: Adams

text: extensively

text: revised

text: the

text: novel

text: in

text: The Nancy Drew Files, or the "Nancy Drew Case Files", is a detective fiction series started in 1986 and released by Simon & Schuster, New York. It is a spin-off of the original series of novels featuring Nancy Drew, with a greater emphasis on adventure, malice and romance. All the books have been written under the pseudonym Carolyn Keene. This series has been targeted at readers who are age eleven and up. With a new book released almost every month, 124 titles were released in 11 years. More than 17 million copies are in print and the books have appeared on the bestseller lists of "Publishers Weekly", B. Dalton, and Waldenbooks. In 2014, Simon & Schuster started releasing this series in eBook format.

text: The

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Files

text: or

text: the

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Case

text: Files

text: is

text: detective

text: fiction

text: series

text: started

text: in

text: and

text: released

text: by

text: Simon

text: Schuster

text: New

text: York

text: It

text: is

text: spin

text: off

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: series

text: of

text: novels

text: featuring

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: with

text: greater

text: emphasis

text: on

text: adventure

text: malice

text: and

text: romance

text: All

text: the

text: books

text: have

text: been

text: written

text: under

text: the

text: pseudonym

text: Carolyn

text: Keene

text: This

text: series

text: has

text: been

text: targeted

text: at

text: readers

text: who

text: are

text: age

text: eleven

text: and

text: up

text: With

text: new

text: book

text: released

text: almost

text: every

text: month

text: titles

text: were

text: released

text: in

text: years

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: copies

text: are

text: in

text: print

text: and

text: the

text: books

text: have

text: appeared

text: on

text: the

text: bestseller

text: lists

text: of

text: Publishers

text: Weekly

text: Dalton

text: and

text: Waldenbooks

text: In

text: Simon

text: Schuster

text: started

text: releasing

text: this

text: series

text: in

text: eBook

text: format

text: Carolyn Keene is the pseudonym of the authors of the Nancy Drew mystery stories and The Dana Girls mystery stories, both produced by the Stratemeyer Syndicate. In addition, the Keene pen name is credited with the Nancy Drew spin-off, "River Heights and the Nancy Drew Notebooks.

text: Carolyn

text: Keene

text: is

text: the

text: pseudonym

text: of

text: the

text: authors

text: of

text: the

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: mystery

text: stories

text: and

text: The

text: Dana

text: Girls

text: mystery

text: stories

text: both

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: Stratemeyer

text: Syndicate

text: In

text: addition

text: the

text: Keene

text: pen

text: name

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: the

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: spin

text: off

text: River

text: Heights

text: and

text: the

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Notebooks

text: The Nancy Drew Mystery Stories was the long-running "main" "Nancy Drew" series, published between 1930 and 2003, under the pen name Carolyn Keene.

text: The

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Mystery

text: Stories

text: was

text: the

text: long

text: running

text: main

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: series

text: published

text: between

text: and

text: under

text: the

text: pen

text: name

text: Carolyn

text: Keene

text: The Dana Girls was a series of young adult mystery novels produced by the Stratemeyer Syndicate. The title heroines, Jean and Louise Dana, are teenage sisters and amateur detectives who solve mysteries while at boarding school. The series was created in 1934 in an attempt to capitalize on the popularity of both the Nancy Drew Mystery Stories and the Hardy Boys series, but was less successful than either. The series was written by a number of ghostwriters and, despite going out-of-print twice, lasted from 1934 to 1979; the books have also been translated into a number of other languages. While subject to less critical attention than either Nancy Drew or the Hardy Boys, a number of critics have written about the series, most arguing that the Dana Girls' relative lack of success was due to the more dated nature of the series.

text: The

text: Dana

text: Girls

text: was

text: series

text: of

text: young

text: adult

text: mystery

text: novels

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: Stratemeyer

text: Syndicate

text: The

text: title

text: heroines

text: Jean

text: and

text: Louise

text: Dana

text: are

text: teenage

text: sisters

text: and

text: amateur

text: detectives

text: who

text: solve

text: mysteries

text: while

text: at

text: boarding

text: school

text: The

text: series

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: capitalize

text: on

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: Mystery

text: Stories

text: and

text: the

text: Hardy

text: Boys

text: series

text: but

text: was

text: less

text: successful

text: than

text: either

text: The

text: series

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: ghostwriters

text: and

text: despite

text: going

text: out

text: of

text: print

text: twice

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: books

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: translated

text: into

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: languages

text: While

text: subject

text: to

text: less

text: critical

text: attention

text: than

text: either

text: Nancy

text: Drew

text: or

text: the

text: Hardy

text: Boys

text: number

text: of

text: critics

text: have

text: written

text: about

text: the

text: series

text: most

text: arguing

text: that

text: the

text: Dana

text: Girls

text: relative

text: lack

text: of

text: success

text: was

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: dated

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: A pseudonym (and ) or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from their original or true name (orthonym). Pseudonyms include stage names and user names (both called "screen names"), ring names, pen names, nicknames, aliases, superhero identities and code names, gamer identifications, and regnal names of emperors, popes, and other monarchs. Historically, they have often taken the form of anagrams, Graecisms, and Latinisations, although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym.

text: pseudonym

text: and

text: or

text: alias

text: is

text: name

text: that

text: person

text: or

text: group

text: assumes

text: for

text: particular

text: purpose

text: which

text: can

text: differ

text: from

text: their

text: original

text: or

text: true

text: name

text: orthonym

text: Pseudonyms

text: include

text: stage

text: names

text: and

text: user

text: names

text: both

text: called

text: screen

text: names

text: ring

text: names

text: pen

text: names

text: nicknames

text: aliases

text: superhero

text: identities

text: and

text: code

text: names

text: gamer

text: identifications

text: and

text: regnal

text: names

text: of

text: emperors

text: popes

text: and

text: other

text: monarchs

text: Historically

text: they

text: have

text: often

text: taken

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: anagrams

text: Graecisms

text: and

text: Latinisations

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: other

text: methods

text: of

text: choosing

text: pseudonym

question: publisher the bungalow mystery

answer: grosset & dunlap

text: grosset & dunlap


text: Graveyard Disturbance (aka A Night in a Cemetery and Una notte al cimitero) is a 1987 Italian horror made-for-TV movie directed by Lamberto Bava and written by Dardano Sacchetti. It was the first of four films made for the cable series "Brivido Giallo" (other films include "Until Death", "Dinner with a Vampire" and "The Ogre"). Actress Beatrice Ring went on to star in Lucio Fulci's "Zombi 3" the following year.

text: Graveyard

text: Disturbance

text: aka

text: Night

text: in

text: Cemetery

text: and

text: Una

text: notte

text: al

text: cimitero

text: is

text: Italian

text: horror

text: made

text: for

text: TV

text: movie

text: directed

text: by

text: Lamberto

text: Bava

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Dardano

text: Sacchetti

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: four

text: films

text: made

text: for

text: the

text: cable

text: series

text: Brivido

text: Giallo

text: other

text: films

text: include

text: Until

text: Death

text: Dinner

text: with

text: Vampire

text: and

text: The

text: Ogre

text: Actress

text: Beatrice

text: Ring

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: star

text: in

text: Lucio

text: Fulci

text: 's

text: Zombi

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: Rome is a city and special "comune" (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated "comune" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states.

text: Rome

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: special

text: comune

text: named

text: Roma

text: Capitale

text: in

text: Italy

text: Rome

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Italy

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Lazio

text: region

text: With

text: residents

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: comune

text: and

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Rome

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: residents

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: Peninsula

text: within

text: Lazio

text: Latium

text: along

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Tiber

text: river

text: The

text: Vatican

text: City

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: country

text: geographically

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Rome

text: the

text: only

text: existing

text: example

text: of

text: country

text: within

text: city

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: Rome

text: has

text: been

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: capital

text: of

text: two

text: states

text: Lamberto Bava (born 3 April 1944) is an Italian film director. Born in Rome, Bava began worked as an assistant director on the film's of his father Mario Bava. Bava co-directed the television film "La Venere d'Ille" with his father and in 1980 directed his first solo feature film "Macabre".

text: Lamberto

text: Bava

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: Italian

text: film

text: director

text: Born

text: in

text: Rome

text: Bava

text: began

text: worked

text: as

text: an

text: assistant

text: director

text: on

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Mario

text: Bava

text: Bava

text: co

text: directed

text: the

text: television

text: film

text: La

text: Venere

text: d'Ille

text: with

text: his

text: father

text: and

text: in

text: directed

text: his

text: first

text: solo

text: feature

text: film

text: Macabre

text: The Ogre ( aka Demons III : The Ogre , The Ogre : Demons 3 , House of the Ogre and La casa dell'orco ) is a 1988 Italian horror - made - for - TV film directed by Lamberto Bava and written by Dardano Sacchetti . It was the last of four films made for the TV series Brivido Giallo ; other films include Graveyard Disturbance , Until Death and Dinner with a Vampire . Like the very similar Zombi series , it has little - to - no - relation to the films it claims to be a sequel to , and it was also followed by many unofficial sequels . The Ogre was released in some areas as the unofficial third entry into Bava 's Demons series , but the official `` Demons 3 '' was actually Michele Soavi 's The Church . For another unofficial third entry , see Umberto Lenzi 's film Black Demons , released in some countries as Dèmoni 3/Demons 3 .

text: The

text: Ogre

text: aka

text: Demons

text: III

text: The

text: Ogre

text: The

text: Ogre

text: Demons

text: House

text: of

text: the

text: Ogre

text: and

text: La

text: casa

text: dell'orco

text: is

text: Italian

text: horror

text: made

text: for

text: TV

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Lamberto

text: Bava

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Dardano

text: Sacchetti

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: four

text: films

text: made

text: for

text: the

text: TV

text: series

text: Brivido

text: Giallo

text: other

text: films

text: include

text: Graveyard

text: Disturbance

text: Until

text: Death

text: and

text: Dinner

text: with

text: Vampire

text: Like

text: the

text: very

text: similar

text: Zombi

text: series

text: it

text: has

text: little

text: to

text: no

text: relation

text: to

text: the

text: films

text: it

text: claims

text: to

text: be

text: sequel

text: to

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: also

text: followed

text: by

text: many

text: unofficial

text: sequels

text: The

text: Ogre

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: as

text: the

text: unofficial

text: third

text: entry

text: into

text: Bava

text: 's

text: Demons

text: series

text: but

text: the

text: official

text: Demons

text: was

text: actually

text: Michele

text: Soavi

text: 's

text: The

text: Church

text: For

text: another

text: unofficial

text: third

text: entry

text: see

text: Umberto

text: Lenzi

text: 's

text: film

text: Black

text: Demons

text: released

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: as

text: Dèmoni

text: Dinner with a Vampire (aka A cena col vampiro) is a 1988 Italian horror made-for-TV movie directed by Lamberto Bava and written by Dardano Sacchetti. It was the third of four films made for the cable series "Brivido Giallo" (other films include Graveyard Disturbance, Until Death and The Ogre).

text: Dinner

text: with

text: Vampire

text: aka

text: cena

text: col

text: vampiro

text: is

text: Italian

text: horror

text: made

text: for

text: TV

text: movie

text: directed

text: by

text: Lamberto

text: Bava

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Dardano

text: Sacchetti

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: of

text: four

text: films

text: made

text: for

text: the

text: cable

text: series

text: Brivido

text: Giallo

text: other

text: films

text: include

text: Graveyard

text: Disturbance

text: Until

text: Death

text: and

text: The

text: Ogre

text: Mario Bava (31 July 1914  27 April 1980) was an Italian director, screenwriter, special effects artist and cinematographer from the "golden age" of Italian horror films. His work kick-started the giallo film genre and the modern "slasher film". His son Lamberto Bava later went on to become a noted horror film director in his own right.

text: Mario

text: Bava

text: July

text: April

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: director

text: screenwriter

text: special

text: effects

text: artist

text: and

text: cinematographer

text: from

text: the

text: golden

text: age

text: of

text: Italian

text: horror

text: films

text: His

text: work

text: kick

text: started

text: the

text: giallo

text: film

text: genre

text: and

text: the

text: modern

text: slasher

text: film

text: His

text: son

text: Lamberto

text: Bava

text: later

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: noted

text: horror

text: film

text: director

text: in

text: his

text: own

text: right

text: Dardano Sacchetti (born in Montenero di Bisaccia, Italy on 27 June 1944) is an Italian screenwriter best known for his work in the horror genre.

text: Dardano

text: Sacchetti

text: born

text: in

text: Montenero

text: di

text: Bisaccia

text: Italy

text: on

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: Italian

text: screenwriter

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: horror

text: genre

text: A television film (also known as a TV film; television movie; TV movie; telefilm; telemovie; made-for-television film; direct-to-TV film; movie of the week (MOTW or MOW); feature-length drama; single drama and original movie) is a feature-length motion picture that is produced for, and originally distributed by or to, a television network, in contrast to theatrical films, which are made explicitly for initial showing in movie theaters.

text: television

text: film

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: TV

text: film

text: television

text: movie

text: TV

text: movie

text: telefilm

text: telemovie

text: made

text: for

text: television

text: film

text: direct

text: to

text: TV

text: film

text: movie

text: of

text: the

text: week

text: MOTW

text: or

text: MOW

text: feature

text: length

text: drama

text: single

text: drama

text: and

text: original

text: movie

text: is

text: feature

text: length

text: motion

text: picture

text: that

text: is

text: produced

text: for

text: and

text: originally

text: distributed

text: by

text: or

text: to

text: television

text: network

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: theatrical

text: films

text: which

text: are

text: made

text: explicitly

text: for

text: initial

text: showing

text: in

text: movie

text: theaters

annotations: follows single

question: genre the ogre

answer: horror film

text: horror film


text: Letton Hall is an English stately home at Letton near Shipdham , Norfolk . It is a Grade II listed building . Letton Hall was designed by Sir John Soane and constructed for the Gurdon family between 1783 and 1789 . It underwent major Victorian alterations . The hall is now mainly used for Christian conferences , youth camps and school trips . The hall includes its own purpose - built karting track .

text: Letton

text: Hall

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: stately

text: home

text: at

text: Letton

text: near

text: Shipdham

text: Norfolk

text: It

text: is

text: Grade

text: II

text: listed

text: building

text: Letton

text: Hall

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Sir

text: John

text: Soane

text: and

text: constructed

text: for

text: the

text: Gurdon

text: family

text: between

text: and

text: It

text: underwent

text: major

text: Victorian

text: alterations

text: The

text: hall

text: is

text: now

text: mainly

text: used

text: for

text: Christian

text: conferences

text: youth

text: camps

text: and

text: school

text: trips

text: The

text: hall

text: includes

text: its

text: own

text: purpose

text: built

text: karting

text: track

text: Norfolk is a county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the west and north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest, and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea and, to the north-west, The Wash. The county town is Norwich.

text: Norfolk

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: East

text: Anglia

text: in

text: England

text: It

text: borders

text: Lincolnshire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: Cambridgeshire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: and

text: Suffolk

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Its

text: northern

text: and

text: eastern

text: boundaries

text: are

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: The

text: Wash.

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Norwich

text: Shipdham is a village and civil parish in the Breckland district, in Norfolk, England, approximately south-south-west of Dereham. In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 2,145 in 899 households, falling at the 2011 Census to a population of 2,057 in 891 households. It covers an area of .

text: Shipdham

text: is

text: village

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: the

text: Breckland

text: district

text: in

text: Norfolk

text: England

text: approximately

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Dereham

text: In

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: parish

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: households

text: falling

text: at

text: the

text: Census

text: to

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: households

text: It

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Dereham, also known as East Dereham, is a town and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated on the A47 road, some 15 miles (25 km) west of the city of Norwich and 25 miles (40 km) east of King's Lynn. The civil parish has an area of and in the 2001 census had a population of 15,659 in 6,941 households, the population at the 2011 Census increasing to 18,609. For the purposes of local government, Dereham falls within, and is the centre of administration for, the district of Breckland. The town should not be confused with the Norfolk village of West Dereham, which lies about 25 miles (40 km) away.

text: Dereham

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: East

text: Dereham

text: is

text: town

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: county

text: of

text: Norfolk

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: road

text: some

text: miles

text: km

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Norwich

text: and

text: miles

text: km

text: east

text: of

text: King

text: 's

text: Lynn

text: The

text: civil

text: parish

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: households

text: the

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: Census

text: increasing

text: to

text: For

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: local

text: government

text: Dereham

text: falls

text: within

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: administration

text: for

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Breckland

text: The

text: town

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: Norfolk

text: village

text: of

text: West

text: Dereham

text: which

text: lies

text: about

text: miles

text: km

text: away

text: In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority. It is an administrative parish, in contrast to an ecclesiastical parish.

text: In

text: England

text: civil

text: parish

text: is

text: territorial

text: designation

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: lowest

text: tier

text: of

text: local

text: government

text: below

text: districts

text: and

text: counties

text: or

text: their

text: combined

text: form

text: the

text: unitary

text: authority

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: parish

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: an

text: ecclesiastical

text: parish

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity letton hall

answer: breckland

text: breckland

text: breckland


text: The electromagnetic spectrum is the collective term for all known frequencies and their linked wavelengths of the known photons (electromagnetic radiation). The "electromagnetic spectrum" "of an object" has a different meaning, and is instead the characteristic distribution of electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed by that particular object.

text: The

text: electromagnetic

text: spectrum

text: is

text: the

text: collective

text: term

text: for

text: all

text: known

text: frequencies

text: and

text: their

text: linked

text: wavelengths

text: of

text: the

text: known

text: photons

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: The

text: electromagnetic

text: spectrum

text: of

text: an

text: object

text: has

text: different

text: meaning

text: and

text: is

text: instead

text: the

text: characteristic

text: distribution

text: of

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: emitted

text: or

text: absorbed

text: by

text: that

text: particular

text: object

text: A millisecond pulsar (MSP) is a pulsar with a rotational period in the range of about 110 milliseconds. Millisecond pulsars have been detected in the radio, X-ray, and gamma ray portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The leading theory for the origin of millisecond pulsars is that they are old, rapidly rotating neutron stars which have been spun up or "recycled" through accretion of matter from a companion star in a close binary system. For this reason, millisecond pulsars are sometimes called recycled pulsars.

text: millisecond

text: pulsar

text: MSP

text: is

text: pulsar

text: with

text: rotational

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: of

text: about

text: milliseconds

text: Millisecond

text: pulsars

text: have

text: been

text: detected

text: in

text: the

text: radio

text: ray

text: and

text: gamma

text: ray

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: electromagnetic

text: spectrum

text: The

text: leading

text: theory

text: for

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: millisecond

text: pulsars

text: is

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: old

text: rapidly

text: rotating

text: neutron

text: stars

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: spun

text: up

text: or

text: recycled

text: through

text: accretion

text: of

text: matter

text: from

text: companion

text: star

text: in

text: close

text: binary

text: system

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: millisecond

text: pulsars

text: are

text: sometimes

text: called

text: recycled

text: pulsars

text: A star is a luminous sphere of plasma held together by its own gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye from Earth during the night, appearing as a multitude of fixed luminous points in the sky due to their immense distance from Earth. Historically, the most prominent stars were grouped into constellations and asterisms, the brightest of which gained proper names. Astronomers have assembled star catalogues that identify the known stars and provide standardized stellar designations. However, most of the stars in the Universe, including all stars outside our galaxy, the Milky Way, are invisible to the naked eye from Earth. Indeed, most are invisible from Earth even through the most powerful telescopes.

text: star

text: is

text: luminous

text: sphere

text: of

text: plasma

text: held

text: together

text: by

text: its

text: own

text: gravity

text: The

text: nearest

text: star

text: to

text: Earth

text: is

text: the

text: Sun

text: Many

text: other

text: stars

text: are

text: visible

text: to

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: from

text: Earth

text: during

text: the

text: night

text: appearing

text: as

text: multitude

text: of

text: fixed

text: luminous

text: points

text: in

text: the

text: sky

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: immense

text: distance

text: from

text: Earth

text: Historically

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: stars

text: were

text: grouped

text: into

text: constellations

text: and

text: asterisms

text: the

text: brightest

text: of

text: which

text: gained

text: proper

text: names

text: Astronomers

text: have

text: assembled

text: star

text: catalogues

text: that

text: identify

text: the

text: known

text: stars

text: and

text: provide

text: standardized

text: stellar

text: designations

text: However

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: stars

text: in

text: the

text: Universe

text: including

text: all

text: stars

text: outside

text: our

text: galaxy

text: the

text: Milky

text: Way

text: are

text: invisible

text: to

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: from

text: Earth

text: Indeed

text: most

text: are

text: invisible

text: from

text: Earth

text: even

text: through

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: telescopes

text: Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of mass. Gravitational collapse is a fundamental mechanism for structure formation in the universe. Over time an initial relatively smooth distribution of matter will collapse to form pockets of higher density, typically creating a hierarchy of condensed structures such as clusters of galaxies, stellar groups, stars and planets.

text: Gravitational

text: collapse

text: is

text: the

text: contraction

text: of

text: an

text: astronomical

text: object

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: gravity

text: which

text: tends

text: to

text: draw

text: matter

text: inward

text: toward

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: mass

text: Gravitational

text: collapse

text: is

text: fundamental

text: mechanism

text: for

text: structure

text: formation

text: in

text: the

text: universe

text: Over

text: time

text: an

text: initial

text: relatively

text: smooth

text: distribution

text: of

text: matter

text: will

text: collapse

text: to

text: form

text: pockets

text: of

text: higher

text: density

text: typically

text: creating

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: condensed

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: clusters

text: of

text: galaxies

text: stellar

text: groups

text: stars

text: and

text: planets

text: In physics, mass is a property of a physical body. It is the measure of an object's resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied. It also determines the strength of its mutual gravitational attraction to other bodies. The basic SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).

text: In

text: physics

text: mass

text: is

text: property

text: of

text: physical

text: body

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: measure

text: of

text: an

text: object

text: 's

text: resistance

text: to

text: acceleration

text: change

text: in

text: its

text: state

text: of

text: motion

text: when

text: net

text: force

text: is

text: applied

text: It

text: also

text: determines

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: its

text: mutual

text: gravitational

text: attraction

text: to

text: other

text: bodies

text: The

text: basic

text: SI

text: unit

text: of

text: mass

text: is

text: the

text: kilogram

text: kg

text: The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , with no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. Protons and neutrons, each with mass approximately one atomic mass unit, constitute the nucleus of an atom, and they are collectively referred to as nucleons. Their properties and interactions are described by nuclear physics.

text: The

text: neutron

text: is

text: subatomic

text: particle

text: symbol

text: or

text: with

text: no

text: net

text: electric

text: charge

text: and

text: mass

text: slightly

text: larger

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: proton

text: Protons

text: and

text: neutrons

text: each

text: with

text: mass

text: approximately

text: one

text: atomic

text: mass

text: unit

text: constitute

text: the

text: nucleus

text: of

text: an

text: atom

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: collectively

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: nucleons

text: Their

text: properties

text: and

text: interactions

text: are

text: described

text: by

text: nuclear

text: physics

text: A neutron star is the collapsed core of a large (1029 solar masses) star. Neutron stars are the smallest and densest stars known to exist. Though neutron stars typically have a radius on the order of 10 km, they can have masses of about twice that of the Sun. They result from the supernova explosion of a massive star, combined with gravitational collapse, that compresses the core past the white dwarf star density to that of atomic nuclei. Most of the basic models for these objects imply that neutron stars are composed almost entirely of neutrons, which are subatomic particles with no net electrical charge and with slightly larger mass than protons. They are supported against further collapse by neutron degeneracy pressure, a phenomenon described by the Pauli exclusion principle. If the remnant has too great a density, something which occurs in excess of an upper limit of the size of neutron stars at 2-3 solar masses, it will continue collapsing to form a black hole.

text: neutron

text: star

text: is

text: the

text: collapsed

text: core

text: of

text: large

text: solar

text: masses

text: star

text: Neutron

text: stars

text: are

text: the

text: smallest

text: and

text: densest

text: stars

text: known

text: to

text: exist

text: Though

text: neutron

text: stars

text: typically

text: have

text: radius

text: on

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: km

text: they

text: can

text: have

text: masses

text: of

text: about

text: twice

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: They

text: result

text: from

text: the

text: supernova

text: explosion

text: of

text: massive

text: star

text: combined

text: with

text: gravitational

text: collapse

text: that

text: compresses

text: the

text: core

text: past

text: the

text: white

text: dwarf

text: star

text: density

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: atomic

text: nuclei

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: basic

text: models

text: for

text: these

text: objects

text: imply

text: that

text: neutron

text: stars

text: are

text: composed

text: almost

text: entirely

text: of

text: neutrons

text: which

text: are

text: subatomic

text: particles

text: with

text: no

text: net

text: electrical

text: charge

text: and

text: with

text: slightly

text: larger

text: mass

text: than

text: protons

text: They

text: are

text: supported

text: against

text: further

text: collapse

text: by

text: neutron

text: degeneracy

text: pressure

text: phenomenon

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: Pauli

text: exclusion

text: principle

text: If

text: the

text: remnant

text: has

text: too

text: great

text: density

text: something

text: which

text: occurs

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: an

text: upper

text: limit

text: of

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: neutron

text: stars

text: at

text: solar

text: masses

text: it

text: will

text: continue

text: collapsing

text: to

text: form

text: black

text: hole

text: In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium. This includes:

text: In

text: physics

text: radiation

text: is

text: the

text: emission

text: or

text: transmission

text: of

text: energy

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: waves

text: or

text: particles

text: through

text: space

text: or

text: through

text: material

text: medium

text: This

text: includes

text: A proton is a subatomic particle, symbol or , with a positive electric charge of +1"e" elementary charge and mass slightly less than that of a neutron. Protons and neutrons, each with masses of approximately one atomic mass unit, are collectively referred to as "nucleons". One or more protons are present in the nucleus of every atom. They are a necessary part of the nucleus. The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element, and is referred to as the atomic number (represented by the symbol Z). Since each element has a unique number of protons, each element has its own unique atomic number. The word "proton" is Greek for "first", and this name was given to the hydrogen nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1920. In previous years, Rutherford had discovered that the hydrogen nucleus (known to be the lightest nucleus) could be extracted from the nuclei of nitrogen by atomic collisions. Protons were therefore a candidate to be a fundamental particle, and hence a building block of nitrogen and all other heavier atomic nuclei.

text: proton

text: is

text: subatomic

text: particle

text: symbol

text: or

text: with

text: positive

text: electric

text: charge

text: of

text: elementary

text: charge

text: and

text: mass

text: slightly

text: less

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: neutron

text: Protons

text: and

text: neutrons

text: each

text: with

text: masses

text: of

text: approximately

text: one

text: atomic

text: mass

text: unit

text: are

text: collectively

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: nucleons

text: One

text: or

text: more

text: protons

text: are

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: nucleus

text: of

text: every

text: atom

text: They

text: are

text: necessary

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: nucleus

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: in

text: the

text: nucleus

text: is

text: the

text: defining

text: property

text: of

text: an

text: element

text: and

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: atomic

text: number

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: symbol

text: Since

text: each

text: element

text: has

text: unique

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: each

text: element

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: unique

text: atomic

text: number

text: The

text: word

text: proton

text: is

text: Greek

text: for

text: first

text: and

text: this

text: name

text: was

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: nucleus

text: by

text: Ernest

text: Rutherford

text: in

text: In

text: previous

text: years

text: Rutherford

text: had

text: discovered

text: that

text: the

text: hydrogen

text: nucleus

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: lightest

text: nucleus

text: could

text: be

text: extracted

text: from

text: the

text: nuclei

text: of

text: nitrogen

text: by

text: atomic

text: collisions

text: Protons

text: were

text: therefore

text: candidate

text: to

text: be

text: fundamental

text: particle

text: and

text: hence

text: building

text: block

text: of

text: nitrogen

text: and

text: all

text: other

text: heavier

text: atomic

text: nuclei

text: A millisecond (from milli- and second; symbol: ms) is a thousandth (0.001 or 10 or /) of a second.

text: millisecond

text: from

text: milli-

text: and

text: second

text: symbol

text: ms

text: is

text: thousandth

text: or

text: or

text: of

text: second

text: A pulsar (from "pulse" and "-ar" as in quasar) is a highly magnetized, rotating neutron star that emits a beam of electromagnetic radiation. This radiation can be observed only when the beam of emission is pointing toward Earth (much the way a lighthouse can be seen only when the light is pointed in the direction of an observer), and is responsible for the pulsed appearance of emission. Neutron stars are very dense, and have short, regular rotational periods. This produces a very precise interval between pulses that range from milliseconds to seconds for an individual pulsar. Pulsars are believed to be one of the candidates of high and ultra-high energy astroparticles (see also Centrifugal mechanism of acceleration).

text: pulsar

text: from

text: pulse

text: and

text: -ar

text: as

text: in

text: quasar

text: is

text: highly

text: magnetized

text: rotating

text: neutron

text: star

text: that

text: emits

text: beam

text: of

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: This

text: radiation

text: can

text: be

text: observed

text: only

text: when

text: the

text: beam

text: of

text: emission

text: is

text: pointing

text: toward

text: Earth

text: much

text: the

text: way

text: lighthouse

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: only

text: when

text: the

text: light

text: is

text: pointed

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: an

text: observer

text: and

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: pulsed

text: appearance

text: of

text: emission

text: Neutron

text: stars

text: are

text: very

text: dense

text: and

text: have

text: short

text: regular

text: rotational

text: periods

text: This

text: produces

text: very

text: precise

text: interval

text: between

text: pulses

text: that

text: range

text: from

text: milliseconds

text: to

text: seconds

text: for

text: an

text: individual

text: pulsar

text: Pulsars

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: candidates

text: of

text: high

text: and

text: ultra

text: high

text: energy

text: astroparticles

text: see

text: also

text: Centrifugal

text: mechanism

text: of

text: acceleration

text: SWIFT J1756.9 - 2508 is a millisecond pulsar with a rotation frequency of 182 Hz ( period of 5.5 ms ) . It was discovered in 2007 by the Swift Gamma - Ray Burst Explorer and found to have a companion with a mass between 0.0067 and 0.030 solar masses . It is thought that the companion is the remnant of a former companion star , now stripped down to a planetary - mass core . The pulsar is accreting mass from this companion , resulting in occasional violent outbursts from the accumulated material on the neutron star .

text: SWIFT

text: is

text: millisecond

text: pulsar

text: with

text: rotation

text: frequency

text: of

text: Hz

text: period

text: of

text: ms

text: It

text: was

text: discovered

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Swift

text: Gamma

text: Ray

text: Burst

text: Explorer

text: and

text: found

text: to

text: have

text: companion

text: with

text: mass

text: between

text: and

text: solar

text: masses

text: It

text: is

text: thought

text: that

text: the

text: companion

text: is

text: the

text: remnant

text: of

text: former

text: companion

text: star

text: now

text: stripped

text: down

text: to

text: planetary

text: mass

text: core

text: The

text: pulsar

text: is

text: accreting

text: mass

text: from

text: this

text: companion

text: resulting

text: in

text: occasional

text: violent

text: outbursts

text: from

text: the

text: accumulated

text: material

text: on

text: the

text: neutron

text: star

text: A white dwarf, also called a degenerate dwarf, is a stellar core remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. A white dwarf is very dense: its mass is comparable to that of the Sun, while its volume is comparable to that of Earth. A white dwarf's faint luminosity comes from the emission of stored thermal energy; no fusion takes place in a white dwarf wherein mass is converted to energy. The nearest known white dwarf is Sirius B, at 8.6 light years, the smaller component of the Sirius binary star. There are currently thought to be eight white dwarfs among the hundred star systems nearest the Sun. The unusual faintness of white dwarfs was first recognized in 1910. The name "white dwarf" was coined by Willem Luyten in 1922. The universe has not existed long enough to experience a white dwarf releasing all of its energy as it will take many billions of years.

text: white

text: dwarf

text: also

text: called

text: degenerate

text: dwarf

text: is

text: stellar

text: core

text: remnant

text: composed

text: mostly

text: of

text: electron

text: degenerate

text: matter

text: white

text: dwarf

text: is

text: very

text: dense

text: its

text: mass

text: is

text: comparable

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: while

text: its

text: volume

text: is

text: comparable

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: Earth

text: white

text: dwarf

text: 's

text: faint

text: luminosity

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: emission

text: of

text: stored

text: thermal

text: energy

text: no

text: fusion

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: white

text: dwarf

text: wherein

text: mass

text: is

text: converted

text: to

text: energy

text: The

text: nearest

text: known

text: white

text: dwarf

text: is

text: Sirius

text: at

text: light

text: years

text: the

text: smaller

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Sirius

text: binary

text: star

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: eight

text: white

text: dwarfs

text: among

text: the

text: hundred

text: star

text: systems

text: nearest

text: the

text: Sun

text: The

text: unusual

text: faintness

text: of

text: white

text: dwarfs

text: was

text: first

text: recognized

text: in

text: The

text: name

text: white

text: dwarf

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: Willem

text: Luyten

text: in

text: The

text: universe

text: has

text: not

text: existed

text: long

text: enough

text: to

text: experience

text: white

text: dwarf

text: releasing

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: energy

text: as

text: it

text: will

text: take

text: many

text: billions

text: of

text: years

text: A supernova is an astronomical event that occurs during the last stellar evolutionary stages of a massive star's life, whose dramatic and catastrophic destruction is marked by one final titanic explosion. This causes the sudden appearance of a "new" bright star, before slowly fading from sight over several weeks or months.

text: supernova

text: is

text: an

text: astronomical

text: event

text: that

text: occurs

text: during

text: the

text: last

text: stellar

text: evolutionary

text: stages

text: of

text: massive

text: star

text: 's

text: life

text: whose

text: dramatic

text: and

text: catastrophic

text: destruction

text: is

text: marked

text: by

text: one

text: final

text: titanic

text: explosion

text: This

text: causes

text: the

text: sudden

text: appearance

text: of

text: new

text: bright

text: star

text: before

text: slowly

text: fading

text: from

text: sight

text: over

text: several

text: weeks

text: or

text: months

text: A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothingnot even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as lightcan escape from inside it. The theory of general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform spacetime to form a black hole. The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon. Although the event horizon has an enormous effect on the fate and circumstances of an object crossing it, no locally detectable features appear to be observed. In many ways a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field theory in curved spacetime predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation, with the same spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is on the order of billionths of a kelvin for black holes of stellar mass, making it essentially impossible to observe.

text: black

text: hole

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: spacetime

text: exhibiting

text: such

text: strong

text: gravitational

text: effects

text: that

text: nothingnot

text: even

text: particles

text: and

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: such

text: as

text: lightcan

text: escape

text: from

text: inside

text: it

text: The

text: theory

text: of

text: general

text: relativity

text: predicts

text: that

text: sufficiently

text: compact

text: mass

text: can

text: deform

text: spacetime

text: to

text: form

text: black

text: hole

text: The

text: boundary

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: from

text: which

text: no

text: escape

text: is

text: possible

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: event

text: horizon

text: Although

text: the

text: event

text: horizon

text: has

text: an

text: enormous

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: fate

text: and

text: circumstances

text: of

text: an

text: object

text: crossing

text: it

text: no

text: locally

text: detectable

text: features

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: observed

text: In

text: many

text: ways

text: black

text: hole

text: acts

text: like

text: an

text: ideal

text: black

text: body

text: as

text: it

text: reflects

text: no

text: light

text: Moreover

text: quantum

text: field

text: theory

text: in

text: curved

text: spacetime

text: predicts

text: that

text: event

text: horizons

text: emit

text: Hawking

text: radiation

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: spectrum

text: as

text: black

text: body

text: of

text: temperature

text: inversely

text: proportional

text: to

text: its

text: mass

text: This

text: temperature

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: billionths

text: of

text: kelvin

text: for

text: black

text: holes

text: of

text: stellar

text: mass

text: making

text: it

text: essentially

text: impossible

text: to

text: observe

text: Gamma ray (also called gamma radiation), denoted by the lower-case Greek letter gamma ( or formula_1 ), is penetrating electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of photons in the highest observed range of photon energy. Paul Villard, a French chemist and physicist, discovered gamma radiation in 1900 while studying radiation emitted by radium. In 1903, Ernest Rutherford named this radiation "gamma rays". Rutherford had previously discovered two other types of radioactive decay, which he named alpha and beta rays.

text: Gamma

text: ray

text: also

text: called

text: gamma

text: radiation

text: denoted

text: by

text: the

text: lower

text: case

text: Greek

text: letter

text: gamma

text: or

text: is

text: penetrating

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: of

text: kind

text: arising

text: from

text: the

text: radioactive

text: decay

text: of

text: atomic

text: nuclei

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: photons

text: in

text: the

text: highest

text: observed

text: range

text: of

text: photon

text: energy

text: Paul

text: Villard

text: French

text: chemist

text: and

text: physicist

text: discovered

text: gamma

text: radiation

text: in

text: while

text: studying

text: radiation

text: emitted

text: by

text: radium

text: In

text: Ernest

text: Rutherford

text: named

text: this

text: radiation

text: gamma

text: rays

text: Rutherford

text: had

text: previously

text: discovered

text: two

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: radioactive

text: decay

text: which

text: he

text: named

text: alpha

text: and

text: beta

text: rays

text: The density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is  (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter "D" can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume:

text: The

text: density

text: or

text: more

text: precisely

text: the

text: volumetric

text: mass

text: density

text: of

text: substance

text: is

text: its

text: mass

text: per

text: unit

text: volume

text: The

text: symbol

text: most

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: density

text: is

text: the

text: lower

text: case

text: Greek

text: letter

text: rho

text: although

text: the

text: Latin

text: letter

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: Mathematically

text: density

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: mass

text: divided

text: by

text: volume

text: The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle that states that two or more identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously. In the case of electrons in atoms, it can be stated as follows: it is impossible for two electrons of a poly-electron atom to have the same values of the four quantum numbers: "n", the principal quantum number, ', the angular momentum quantum number, "m", the magnetic quantum number, and "m", the spin quantum number. For example, if two electrons reside in the same orbital, and if their "n", ', and "m" values are the same, then their "m" must be different, and thus the electrons must have opposite half-integer spins of 1/2 and -1/2. This principle was formulated by Austrian physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1925 for electrons, and later extended to all fermions with his spin-statistics theorem of 1940.

text: The

text: Pauli

text: exclusion

text: principle

text: is

text: the

text: quantum

text: mechanical

text: principle

text: that

text: states

text: that

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: identical

text: fermions

text: particles

text: with

text: half

text: integer

text: spin

text: can

text: not

text: occupy

text: the

text: same

text: quantum

text: state

text: within

text: quantum

text: system

text: simultaneously

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: electrons

text: in

text: atoms

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: stated

text: as

text: follows

text: it

text: is

text: impossible

text: for

text: two

text: electrons

text: of

text: poly

text: electron

text: atom

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: same

text: values

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: quantum

text: numbers

text: the

text: principal

text: quantum

text: number

text: the

text: angular

text: momentum

text: quantum

text: number

text: the

text: magnetic

text: quantum

text: number

text: and

text: the

text: spin

text: quantum

text: number

text: For

text: example

text: if

text: two

text: electrons

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: orbital

text: and

text: if

text: their

text: and

text: values

text: are

text: the

text: same

text: then

text: their

text: must

text: be

text: different

text: and

text: thus

text: the

text: electrons

text: must

text: have

text: opposite

text: half

text: integer

text: spins

text: of

text: and

text: This

text: principle

text: was

text: formulated

text: by

text: Austrian

text: physicist

text: Wolfgang

text: Pauli

text: in

text: for

text: electrons

text: and

text: later

text: extended

text: to

text: all

text: fermions

text: with

text: his

text: spin

text: statistics

text: theorem

text: of

text: The solar mass is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately 1.99 × 10 kilograms. It is used to indicate the masses of other stars, as well as clusters, nebulae and galaxies. It is equal to the mass of the Sun, about two nonillion (two quintillion in the long scale) kilograms:

text: The

text: solar

text: mass

text: is

text: standard

text: unit

text: of

text: mass

text: in

text: astronomy

text: equal

text: to

text: approximately

text: kilograms

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: masses

text: of

text: other

text: stars

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: clusters

text: nebulae

text: and

text: galaxies

text: It

text: is

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: mass

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: about

text: two

text: nonillion

text: two

text: quintillion

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: scale

text: kilograms

text: In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation or EMR) refers to the waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field, propagating (radiating) through space carrying electromagnetic radiant energy. It includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, (visible) light, ultraviolet, X-, and gamma radiation.

text: In

text: physics

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: EM

text: radiation

text: or

text: EMR

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: waves

text: or

text: their

text: quanta

text: photons

text: of

text: the

text: electromagnetic

text: field

text: propagating

text: radiating

text: through

text: space

text: carrying

text: electromagnetic

text: radiant

text: energy

text: It

text: includes

text: radio

text: waves

text: microwaves

text: infrared

text: visible

text: light

text: ultraviolet

text: X-

text: and

text: gamma

text: radiation

text: A quasar is a compact region surrounding a supermassive black hole. The region emits enormous amounts of electromagnetic energy as a result of mass from the core of a surrounding galaxy, under the influence of the black hole's gravity, falling onto the black hole's accretion disk. Although ranging in size from only 10 to 10,000 times the Schwarzschild radius of the enclosed black hole, quasars are the most energetic form of active galactic nucleus, emitting radio waves and visible light up to 100 times the luminosity of the entire Milky Way Galaxy.

text: quasar

text: is

text: compact

text: region

text: surrounding

text: supermassive

text: black

text: hole

text: The

text: region

text: emits

text: enormous

text: amounts

text: of

text: electromagnetic

text: energy

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: mass

text: from

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: surrounding

text: galaxy

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: black

text: hole

text: 's

text: gravity

text: falling

text: onto

text: the

text: black

text: hole

text: 's

text: accretion

text: disk

text: Although

text: ranging

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: only

text: to

text: times

text: the

text: Schwarzschild

text: radius

text: of

text: the

text: enclosed

text: black

text: hole

text: quasars

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: energetic

text: form

text: of

text: active

text: galactic

text: nucleus

text: emitting

text: radio

text: waves

text: and

text: visible

text: light

text: up

text: to

text: times

text: the

text: luminosity

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: Milky

text: Way

text: Galaxy

annotations: likely single

question: instance_of swift j1756.9-2508

answer: binary star

text: binary star