text: In Belgium, the French Community refers to one of the three constituent constitutional linguistic communities. Since 2011, the French Community has used the name Federation Wallonia-Brussels, which is controversial because its name in the Belgian constitution has not changed and because it is seen as a political statement. The name "French Community" refers to Francophone Belgians, and "not" to French people residing in Belgium. As such, the French Community of Belgium is sometimes rendered in English as "the French-speaking Community of Belgium" for clarity.

text: In

text: Belgium

text: the

text: French

text: Community

text: refers

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: constituent

text: constitutional

text: linguistic

text: communities

text: Since

text: the

text: French

text: Community

text: has

text: used

text: the

text: name

text: Federation

text: Wallonia

text: Brussels

text: which

text: is

text: controversial

text: because

text: its

text: name

text: in

text: the

text: Belgian

text: constitution

text: has

text: not

text: changed

text: and

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: political

text: statement

text: The

text: name

text: French

text: Community

text: refers

text: to

text: Francophone

text: Belgians

text: and

text: not

text: to

text: French

text: people

text: residing

text: in

text: Belgium

text: As

text: such

text: the

text: French

text: Community

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sometimes

text: rendered

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: Community

text: of

text: Belgium

text: for

text: clarity

text: Flanders is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium, although there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics and history. It is one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. The demonym associated with Flanders is Fleming, while the corresponding adjective is Flemish. The official capital of Flanders is Brussels, although Brussels itself has an independent regional government, and the government of Flanders only oversees some cultural aspects of Brussels life.

text: Flanders

text: is

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: northern

text: portion

text: of

text: Belgium

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: several

text: overlapping

text: definitions

text: including

text: ones

text: related

text: to

text: culture

text: language

text: politics

text: and

text: history

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: communities

text: regions

text: and

text: language

text: areas

text: of

text: Belgium

text: The

text: demonym

text: associated

text: with

text: Flanders

text: is

text: Fleming

text: while

text: the

text: corresponding

text: adjective

text: is

text: Flemish

text: The

text: official

text: capital

text: of

text: Flanders

text: is

text: Brussels

text: although

text: Brussels

text: itself

text: has

text: an

text: independent

text: regional

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Flanders

text: only

text: oversees

text: some

text: cultural

text: aspects

text: of

text: Brussels

text: life

text: Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels which is the capital of Belgium. The Brussels-Capital Region is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community, but is separate from the region of Flanders (in which it forms an enclave) or Wallonia. The region has a population of 1.2 million and a metropolitan area with a population of over 1.8 million, the largest in Belgium.

text: Brussels

text: officially

text: the

text: Brussels

text: Capital

text: Region

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: Belgium

text: comprising

text: municipalities

text: including

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Brussels

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Belgium

text: The

text: Brussels

text: Capital

text: Region

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: French

text: Community

text: of

text: Belgium

text: and

text: the

text: Flemish

text: Community

text: but

text: is

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Flanders

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: forms

text: an

text: enclave

text: or

text: Wallonia

text: The

text: region

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Belgium

text: Embryology (from Greek , "embryon", "the unborn, embryo"; and , "-logia") is the branch of biology that studies the prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses. Additionally, embryology encompasses the study of congenital disorders that occur before birth, known as teratology.

text: Embryology

text: from

text: Greek

text: embryon

text: the

text: unborn

text: embryo

text: and

text: -logia

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: biology

text: that

text: studies

text: the

text: prenatal

text: development

text: of

text: gametes

text: sex

text: cells

text: fertilization

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: embryos

text: and

text: fetuses

text: Additionally

text: embryology

text: encompasses

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: congenital

text: disorders

text: that

text: occur

text: before

text: birth

text: known

text: as

text: teratology

text: Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.

text: Belgium

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: France

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: which

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Straddling

text: the

text: cultural

text: boundary

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Latin

text: Europe

text: Belgium

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: main

text: linguistic

text: groups

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Flemish

text: community

text: which

text: constitutes

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Walloon

text: population

text: which

text: comprises

text: of

text: all

text: Belgians

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Cantons

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: High

text: Fens

text: area

text: and

text: bordering

text: Germany

text: Adriaan van den Spiegel ( or Spieghel ) , name sometimes written as Adrianus Spigelius , ( 1578 -- 7 April 1625 ) was a Flemish anatomist born in Brussels . For much of his career he practiced medicine in Padua , and is considered one of the great physicians associated with the city . At Padua he studied anatomy under Girolamo Fabrici .

text: Adriaan

text: van

text: den

text: Spiegel

text: or

text: Spieghel

text: name

text: sometimes

text: written

text: as

text: Adrianus

text: Spigelius

text: April

text: was

text: Flemish

text: anatomist

text: born

text: in

text: Brussels

text: For

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: he

text: practiced

text: medicine

text: in

text: Padua

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: physicians

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: city

text: At

text: Padua

text: he

text: studied

text: anatomy

text: under

text: Girolamo

text: Fabrici

text: Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is inherently tied to embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated over immediate (embryology) and long (evolution) timescales. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.

text: Anatomy

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: biology

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: organisms

text: and

text: their

text: parts

text: Anatomy

text: is

text: inherently

text: tied

text: to

text: embryology

text: comparative

text: anatomy

text: evolutionary

text: biology

text: and

text: phylogeny

text: as

text: these

text: are

text: the

text: processes

text: by

text: which

text: anatomy

text: is

text: generated

text: over

text: immediate

text: embryology

text: and

text: long

text: evolution

text: timescales

text: Human

text: anatomy

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: basic

text: essential

text: sciences

text: of

text: medicine

text: Medicine (British English ; American English ) is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. The word "medicine" is derived from Latin "medicus", meaning "a physician". Medicine encompasses a variety of health care practices evolved to maintain and restore health by the prevention and treatment of illness. Contemporary medicine applies biomedical sciences, biomedical research, genetics, and medical technology to diagnose, treat, and prevent injury and disease, typically through pharmaceuticals or surgery, but also through therapies as diverse as psychotherapy, external splints and traction, medical devices, biologics, and ionizing radiation, amongst others.

text: Medicine

text: British

text: English

text: American

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: science

text: and

text: practice

text: of

text: the

text: diagnosis

text: treatment

text: and

text: prevention

text: of

text: disease

text: The

text: word

text: medicine

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: Latin

text: medicus

text: meaning

text: physician

text: Medicine

text: encompasses

text: variety

text: of

text: health

text: care

text: practices

text: evolved

text: to

text: maintain

text: and

text: restore

text: health

text: by

text: the

text: prevention

text: and

text: treatment

text: of

text: illness

text: Contemporary

text: medicine

text: applies

text: biomedical

text: sciences

text: biomedical

text: research

text: genetics

text: and

text: medical

text: technology

text: to

text: diagnose

text: treat

text: and

text: prevent

text: injury

text: and

text: disease

text: typically

text: through

text: pharmaceuticals

text: or

text: surgery

text: but

text: also

text: through

text: therapies

text: as

text: diverse

text: as

text: psychotherapy

text: external

text: splints

text: and

text: traction

text: medical

text: devices

text: biologics

text: and

text: ionizing

text: radiation

text: amongst

text: others

text: The City of Brussels (French: "Ville de Bruxelles" or alternatively "Bruxelles-Ville" , Dutch: "Stad Brussel" or "Brussel-Stad") is the largest municipality of the Brussels-Capital Region, and the "de jure" capital of Belgium. The City of Brussels covers most of the Region's centre, as well as northern outskirts where it borders municipalities in Flanders.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Brussels

text: French

text: Ville

text: de

text: Bruxelles

text: or

text: alternatively

text: Bruxelles

text: Ville

text: Dutch

text: Stad

text: Brussel

text: or

text: Brussel

text: Stad

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: municipality

text: of

text: the

text: Brussels

text: Capital

text: Region

text: and

text: the

text: de

text: jure

text: capital

text: of

text: Belgium

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Brussels

text: covers

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Region

text: 's

text: centre

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: northern

text: outskirts

text: where

text: it

text: borders

text: municipalities

text: in

text: Flanders

text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: Wallonia (, , Dutch: "Wallonië" ) is a region of Belgium. Wallonia is primarily French-speaking, and accounts for 55% of the territory of Belgium, and a third of its population. Unlike Flanders, the Walloon Region was not merged with the French Community of Belgium which is the political entity that is responsible for matters related mainly to culture and education. The German-speaking minority in the east forms the German-speaking Community of Belgium, which has its own government and parliament for culture-related issues.

text: Wallonia

text: Dutch

text: Wallonië

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: Belgium

text: Wallonia

text: is

text: primarily

text: French

text: speaking

text: and

text: accounts

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: Belgium

text: and

text: third

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: Unlike

text: Flanders

text: the

text: Walloon

text: Region

text: was

text: not

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: Community

text: of

text: Belgium

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: political

text: entity

text: that

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: matters

text: related

text: mainly

text: to

text: culture

text: and

text: education

text: The

text: German

text: speaking

text: minority

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: forms

text: the

text: German

text: speaking

text: Community

text: of

text: Belgium

text: which

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: government

text: and

text: parliament

text: for

text: culture

text: related

text: issues

text: Padua (or ) is a city and "comune" in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Padua and the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 214,000. The city is sometimes included, with Venice (Italian "Venezia") and Treviso, in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area, which has a population of c. 1,600,000.

text: Padua

text: or

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: comune

text: in

text: Veneto

text: northern

text: Italy

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Padua

text: and

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: communications

text: hub

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: Padua

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: sometimes

text: included

text: with

text: Venice

text: Italian

text: Venezia

text: and

text: Treviso

text: in

text: the

text: Padua

text: Treviso

text: Venice

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: which

text: has

text: population

text: of

question: native_language adriaan van den spiegel

answer: dutch

text: dutch

text: dutch

text: dutch

text: dutch


text: In the study of human settlements, an urban agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ("usually a municipality") and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area. INSEE, the French Statistical Institute, uses the term "unité urbaine", which means continuous urbanized area. However, because of differences in definitions of what does and does not constitute an "agglomeration", as well as variations and limitations in statistical or geographical methodology, it can be problematic to compare different agglomerations around the world. It may not be clear, for instance, whether an area should be considered to be a satellite and part of an agglomeration, or a distinct entity in itself.

text: In

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: human

text: settlements

text: an

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: is

text: an

text: extended

text: city

text: or

text: town

text: area

text: comprising

text: the

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: of

text: central

text: place

text: usually

text: municipality

text: and

text: any

text: suburbs

text: linked

text: by

text: continuous

text: urban

text: area

text: INSEE

text: the

text: French

text: Statistical

text: Institute

text: uses

text: the

text: term

text: unité

text: urbaine

text: which

text: means

text: continuous

text: urbanized

text: area

text: However

text: because

text: of

text: differences

text: in

text: definitions

text: of

text: what

text: does

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: constitute

text: an

text: agglomeration

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: variations

text: and

text: limitations

text: in

text: statistical

text: or

text: geographical

text: methodology

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: problematic

text: to

text: compare

text: different

text: agglomerations

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: clear

text: for

text: instance

text: whether

text: an

text: area

text: should

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: satellite

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: agglomeration

text: or

text: distinct

text: entity

text: in

text: itself

text: La Plata is the capital city of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and of the partido La Plata. According to the , it has a population of 765,378 and its metropolitan area has 899,523 inhabitants.

text: La

text: Plata

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Province

text: of

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Argentina

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: partido

text: La

text: Plata

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: it

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: its

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: has

text: inhabitants

text: Buenos Aires ("Provincia de Buenos Aires"; English: "good airs") is the largest and most populous Argentinian province. It takes the name from the city of Buenos Aires, which used to be the provincial capital until it was federalized in 1880. The current capital of the province is the city of La Plata, founded in 1882.

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Provincia

text: de

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: English

text: good

text: airs

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: Argentinian

text: province

text: It

text: takes

text: the

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: which

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: federalized

text: in

text: The

text: current

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: La

text: Plata

text: founded

text: in

text: Villa Adelina is a town in Buenos Aires Province , Argentina . It is divided between the counties ( partidos ) of San Isidro and Vicente López and forms part of the urban conurbation of Greater Buenos Aires .

text: Villa

text: Adelina

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Province

text: Argentina

text: It

text: is

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: counties

text: partidos

text: of

text: San

text: Isidro

text: and

text: Vicente

text: López

text: and

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: urban

text: conurbation

text: of

text: Greater

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area. In most cases, a conurbation is a polycentric urbanised area, in which transportation has developed to link areas to create a single urban labour market or travel to work area.

text: conurbation

text: is

text: region

text: comprising

text: number

text: of

text: cities

text: large

text: towns

text: and

text: other

text: urban

text: areas

text: that

text: through

text: population

text: growth

text: and

text: physical

text: expansion

text: have

text: merged

text: to

text: form

text: one

text: continuous

text: urban

text: or

text: industrially

text: developed

text: area

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: conurbation

text: is

text: polycentric

text: urbanised

text: area

text: in

text: which

text: transportation

text: has

text: developed

text: to

text: link

text: areas

text: to

text: create

text: single

text: urban

text: labour

text: market

text: or

text: travel

text: to

text: work

text: area

text: Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the South American continent's southeastern coast. "Buenos aires" can be translated as "fair winds" or "good airs", but the first one was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century, by the use of the original name "Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre". The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of around 17 million.

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Argentina

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: estuary

text: of

text: the

text: Río

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: 's

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: Buenos

text: aires

text: can

text: be

text: translated

text: as

text: fair

text: winds

text: or

text: good

text: airs

text: but

text: the

text: first

text: one

text: was

text: the

text: meaning

text: intended

text: by

text: the

text: founders

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: name

text: Real

text: de

text: Nuestra

text: Señora

text: Santa

text: María

text: del

text: Buen

text: Ayre

text: The

text: Greater

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: conurbation

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: several

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Province

text: districts

text: constitutes

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: Greater Buenos Aires (GBA) is the urban agglomeration comprising the autonomous city of Buenos Aires and the adjacent 24 "partidos" (districts) over the Province of Buenos Aires. Thus, it does not constitute a single administrative unit. The conurbation spreads south, west and north of Buenos Aires city. To the east, the River Plate serves as a natural boundary.

text: Greater

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: GBA

text: is

text: the

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: comprising

text: the

text: autonomous

text: city

text: of

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: and

text: the

text: adjacent

text: partidos

text: districts

text: over

text: the

text: Province

text: of

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Thus

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: constitute

text: single

text: administrative

text: unit

text: The

text: conurbation

text: spreads

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: city

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: River

text: Plate

text: serves

text: as

text: natural

text: boundary

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of villa adelina

answer: city

text: city

text: city

text: city

text: city

text: city

text: city

text: city

text: city


text: The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.

text: The

text: Philippines

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: is

text: sovereign

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: about

text: islands

text: that

text: are

text: categorized

text: broadly

text: under

text: three

text: main

text: geographical

text: divisions

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: Luzon

text: Visayas

text: and

text: Mindanao

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: is

text: Manila

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Quezon

text: City

text: both

text: part

text: of

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Celebes

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: the

text: Philippines

text: shares

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Taiwan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Vietnam

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Palau

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.

text: Indonesia

text: or

text: Indonesian

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: located

text: mainly

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: with

text: some

text: territories

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Situated

text: between

text: the

text: Indian

text: and

text: Pacific

text: oceans

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: island

text: country

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: seventeen

text: thousand

text: islands

text: At

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: combined

text: sea

text: and

text: land

text: area

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Austronesian

text: nation

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Muslim

text: majority

text: country

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: of

text: Java

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam was a state governing the southern half of Vietnam from 1955 to 1975. It received international recognition in 1949 as the "State of Vietnam" (194955), and later as the "Republic of Vietnam" (195575). Its capital was Saigon. The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts.

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: was

text: state

text: governing

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: received

text: international

text: recognition

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: later

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: Its

text: capital

text: was

text: Saigon

text: The

text: term

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: became

text: common

text: usage

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Geneva

text: Conference

text: provisionally

text: partitioned

text: Vietnam

text: into

text: communist

text: and

text: non

text: communist

text: parts

text: Overseas Vietnamese (which literally means "Overseas Vietnamese", or "", a Sino-Vietnamese word () literally translating to "Vietnamese sojourner") refers to Vietnamese people living outside Vietnam in a diaspora. Of the about 3 million Overseas Vietnamese, a majority left Vietnam as refugees after 1975 as a result of the Fall of Saigon and the resulting takeover by the Marxist-Leninist North.

text: Overseas

text: Vietnamese

text: which

text: literally

text: means

text: Overseas

text: Vietnamese

text: or

text: Sino

text: Vietnamese

text: word

text: literally

text: translating

text: to

text: Vietnamese

text: sojourner

text: refers

text: to

text: Vietnamese

text: people

text: living

text: outside

text: Vietnam

text: in

text: diaspora

text: Of

text: the

text: about

text: million

text: Overseas

text: Vietnamese

text: majority

text: left

text: Vietnam

text: as

text: refugees

text: after

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Fall

text: of

text: Saigon

text: and

text: the

text: resulting

text: takeover

text: by

text: the

text: Marxist

text: Leninist

text: North

text: Thailand (or  ), officially the Kingdom of Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total area of approximately , Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country. It is the 20th-most-populous country in the world, with around 66 million people. The capital and largest city is Bangkok.

text: Thailand

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Thailand

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Siam

text: is

text: country

text: at

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Indochinese

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: With

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Thailand

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: around

text: million

text: people

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Bangkok

text: Hanoi (or ; Vietnamese: Hà Ni ) is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts and 7 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. The population in 2015 was estimated at 7.7 million people. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. It was eclipsed by Hu, the imperial capital of Vietnam during the Nguyn Dynasty (18021945), but Hanoi served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1954. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam, and it became the capital of a reunified Vietnam in 1976, after the North's victory in the Vietnam War.

text: Hanoi

text: or

text: Vietnamese

text: Hà

text: Ni

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: Its

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: million

text: for

text: urban

text: districts

text: and

text: million

text: for

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: jurisdiction

text: The

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: million

text: people

text: From

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: political

text: centre

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: It

text: was

text: eclipsed

text: by

text: Hu

text: the

text: imperial

text: capital

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: during

text: the

text: Nguyn

text: Dynasty

text: but

text: Hanoi

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: French

text: Indochina

text: from

text: to

text: From

text: to

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: North

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: reunified

text: Vietnam

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: North

text: 's

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: Miss Vietnam is a beauty contest in Vietnam that was held for the first time in 1988. This contest was initiated and organized by Tien Phong newspaper. The current Miss Vietnam is  M Linh, from Hanoi.

text: Miss

text: Vietnam

text: is

text: beauty

text: contest

text: in

text: Vietnam

text: that

text: was

text: held

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: in

text: This

text: contest

text: was

text: initiated

text: and

text: organized

text: by

text: Tien

text: Phong

text: newspaper

text: The

text: current

text: Miss

text: Vietnam

text: is

text: Linh

text: from

text: Hanoi

text: Miss Teen USA is a beauty pageant run by the Miss Universe Organization for girls aged 1419. Unlike its sister pageants Miss Universe and Miss USA, which are broadcast on Fox, this pageant is webcast on the Miss Teen USA website and simulcast on Microsoft's Xbox Live service.

text: Miss

text: Teen

text: USA

text: is

text: beauty

text: pageant

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: Organization

text: for

text: girls

text: aged

text: Unlike

text: its

text: sister

text: pageants

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: and

text: Miss

text: USA

text: which

text: are

text: broadcast

text: on

text: Fox

text: this

text: pageant

text: is

text: webcast

text: on

text: the

text: Miss

text: Teen

text: USA

text: website

text: and

text: simulcast

text: on

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: Xbox

text: Live

text: service

text: Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants , it is the world's 14th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976.

text: Vietnam

text: officially

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: SRV

text: is

text: the

text: easternmost

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: Indochina

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: eighth

text: most

text: populous

text: Asian

text: country

text: Vietnam

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Laos

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Cambodia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Thailand

text: across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Thailand

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: across

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: has

text: been

text: Hanoi

text: since

text: the

text: reunification

text: of

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: in

text: The Miss USA is an American beauty pageant that has been held annually since 1952 to select the American entrant in the Miss Universe pageant. The Miss Universe Organization operates both pageants, as well as Miss Teen USA.

text: The

text: Miss

text: USA

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: beauty

text: pageant

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: annually

text: since

text: to

text: select

text: the

text: American

text: entrant

text: in

text: the

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: pageant

text: The

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: Organization

text: operates

text: both

text: pageants

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Miss

text: Teen

text: USA

text: Miss Universe is an annual international beauty pageant that is run by the Miss Universe Organization. Along with its rival contests, Miss World and Miss Earth, this pageant is one of the most important and publicized beauty pageants in the world. It is held in more than 190 countries worldwide and seen by more than half a billion people annually. The pageant was founded in 1952 by the California-based clothing company Pacific Knitting Mills, and the Miss Universe Organization and the brand is currently owned, along with Miss USA and Miss Teen USA, by WME/IMG. Miss Universe Organization licenses local organizations that wish to select the Miss Universe contestant for their country, and approves the selection method for national delegates. The current Miss Universe logo  "the woman with stars"  was created in 1998.

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: international

text: beauty

text: pageant

text: that

text: is

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: Organization

text: Along

text: with

text: its

text: rival

text: contests

text: Miss

text: World

text: and

text: Miss

text: Earth

text: this

text: pageant

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: and

text: publicized

text: beauty

text: pageants

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: held

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: countries

text: worldwide

text: and

text: seen

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: billion

text: people

text: annually

text: The

text: pageant

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: California

text: based

text: clothing

text: company

text: Pacific

text: Knitting

text: Mills

text: and

text: the

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: Organization

text: and

text: the

text: brand

text: is

text: currently

text: owned

text: along

text: with

text: Miss

text: USA

text: and

text: Miss

text: Teen

text: USA

text: by

text: WME

text: IMG

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: Organization

text: licenses

text: local

text: organizations

text: that

text: wish

text: to

text: select

text: the

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: contestant

text: for

text: their

text: country

text: and

text: approves

text: the

text: selection

text: method

text: for

text: national

text: delegates

text: The

text: current

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: logo

text: the

text: woman

text: with

text: stars

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: A beauty pageant or beauty contest is a competition that has traditionally focused on judging and ranking the physical attributes of the contestants, although some contests have evolved to also incorporate personality traits, intelligence, talent, and answers to judges' questions as judged criteria. The term almost invariably refers only to contests for unmarried women such as the Big Four international beauty pageants;<ref name="chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-10/25/content_385531.htm"></ref> with similar events for men or boys being called by other names and more likely to be bodybuilding contests.

text: beauty

text: pageant

text: or

text: beauty

text: contest

text: is

text: competition

text: that

text: has

text: traditionally

text: focused

text: on

text: judging

text: and

text: ranking

text: the

text: physical

text: attributes

text: of

text: the

text: contestants

text: although

text: some

text: contests

text: have

text: evolved

text: to

text: also

text: incorporate

text: personality

text: traits

text: intelligence

text: talent

text: and

text: answers

text: to

text: judges

text: questions

text: as

text: judged

text: criteria

text: The

text: term

text: almost

text: invariably

text: refers

text: only

text: to

text: contests

text: for

text: unmarried

text: women

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Big

text: Four

text: international

text: beauty

text: pageants;<ref

text: name="chinadaily.com.cn

text: english

text: with

text: similar

text: events

text: for

text: men

text: or

text: boys

text: being

text: called

text: by

text: other

text: names

text: and

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: bodybuilding

text: contests

text: The Gulf of Thailand, formerly the Gulf of Siam, is a shallow inlet in the western part of the South China and Eastern Archipelagic Seas, a marginal body of water in the western Pacific Ocean. The gulf is around 800 km (497 mi) long and up to 560 km (348 mi) wide, has a surface area of 320,000 km (123,553 sq mi) and is surrounded on the north, west and southwest by Thailand, on the northeast by Cambodia and Vietnam. The South China Sea is to the southeast.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Thailand

text: formerly

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Siam

text: is

text: shallow

text: inlet

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Archipelagic

text: Seas

text: marginal

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: The

text: gulf

text: is

text: around

text: km

text: mi

text: long

text: and

text: up

text: to

text: km

text: mi

text: wide

text: has

text: surface

text: area

text: of

text: km

text: sq

text: mi

text: and

text: is

text: surrounded

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: by

text: Thailand

text: on

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Cambodia

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: The

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Miss World is the oldest running international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951. Since his death in 2000, Morley's widow, Julia Morley, has co-chaired the pageant. Alongside with its rival, the Miss Universe and Miss Earth contests, Miss World pageant is one of the three most publicised beauty contests in the world.

text: Miss

text: World

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: running

text: international

text: beauty

text: pageant

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: by

text: Eric

text: Morley

text: in

text: Since

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: Morley

text: 's

text: widow

text: Julia

text: Morley

text: has

text: co

text: chaired

text: the

text: pageant

text: Alongside

text: with

text: its

text: rival

text: the

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: and

text: Miss

text: Earth

text: contests

text: Miss

text: World

text: pageant

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: most

text: publicised

text: beauty

text: contests

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Miss Universe Vietnam ( Vietnamese : Hoa hu Hoàn v Vit Nam ) is a beauty contest held in Vietnam to select the country 's representative to the Miss Universe pageant . This pageant is unrelated to Miss Vietnam or Miss World Vietnam , or Miss Vietnam World or Miss Ao Dai Vietnam pageants .

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: Vietnam

text: Vietnamese

text: Hoa

text: hu

text: Hoàn

text: Vit

text: Nam

text: is

text: beauty

text: contest

text: held

text: in

text: Vietnam

text: to

text: select

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: representative

text: to

text: the

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: pageant

text: This

text: pageant

text: is

text: unrelated

text: to

text: Miss

text: Vietnam

text: or

text: Miss

text: World

text: Vietnam

text: or

text: Miss

text: Vietnam

text: World

text: or

text: Miss

text: Ao

text: Dai

text: Vietnam

text: pageants

text: Miss Vietnam World (or Miss World Vietnamese) (Vietnamese: Hoa hu Th gii ngi Vit) is a beauty contest for both Vietnamese women in Vietnam and Overseas Vietnamese women from other countries in the world. The pageant is not related to Miss Universe Vietnam or Miss Vietnam pageants. The contest was first held in 2007, and the next was held in August 2010.

text: Miss

text: Vietnam

text: World

text: or

text: Miss

text: World

text: Vietnamese

text: Vietnamese

text: Hoa

text: hu

text: Th

text: gii

text: ngi

text: Vit

text: is

text: beauty

text: contest

text: for

text: both

text: Vietnamese

text: women

text: in

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: Overseas

text: Vietnamese

text: women

text: from

text: other

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: pageant

text: is

text: not

text: related

text: to

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: Vietnam

text: or

text: Miss

text: Vietnam

text: pageants

text: The

text: contest

text: was

text: first

text: held

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: next

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: August

text: Miss Earth is an annual international environmental-themed beauty pageant promoting environmental awareness.<ref name="chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-10/25/content_385531.htm"></ref> Along with its rivals Miss World and Miss Universe, Miss Earth is one of the three largest beauty pageants in the world in terms of the number of national-level competitions to participate in the world finals.<ref name="tnp.sg/printfriendly/0,4139,168817,00.html"></ref> The reigning titleholders dedicate their year to promote specific projects and often address issues concerning the environment and other global issues<ref name="tribuneindia.com/2004/20041008/world.htm"></ref> through school tours, tree planting activities, street campaigns, coastal clean ups, speaking engagements, shopping mall tours, media guesting, environmental fair, storytelling programs, eco-fashion shows, and other environmental activities.

text: Miss

text: Earth

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: international

text: environmental

text: themed

text: beauty

text: pageant

text: promoting

text: environmental

text: awareness.<ref

text: name="chinadaily.com.cn

text: english

text: Along

text: with

text: its

text: rivals

text: Miss

text: World

text: and

text: Miss

text: Universe

text: Miss

text: Earth

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: largest

text: beauty

text: pageants

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: national

text: level

text: competitions

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: finals.<ref

text: name="tnp.sg

text: The

text: reigning

text: titleholders

text: dedicate

text: their

text: year

text: to

text: promote

text: specific

text: projects

text: and

text: often

text: address

text: issues

text: concerning

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: other

text: global

text: issues

text: ref

text: through

text: school

text: tours

text: tree

text: planting

text: activities

text: street

text: campaigns

text: coastal

text: clean

text: ups

text: speaking

text: engagements

text: shopping

text: mall

text: tours

text: media

text: guesting

text: environmental

text: fair

text: storytelling

text: programs

text: eco

text: fashion

text: shows

text: and

text: other

text: environmental

text: activities

text: Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species.

text: Malaysia

text: is

text: federal

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: located

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: thirteen

text: states

text: and

text: three

text: federal

text: territories

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: landmass

text: of

text: separated

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: into

text: two

text: similarly

text: sized

text: regions

text: Peninsular

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: East

text: Malaysia

text: Malaysian

text: Borneo

text: Peninsular

text: Malaysia

text: shares

text: land

text: and

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Singapore

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: East

text: Malaysia

text: shares

text: land

text: and

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Brunei

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Philippines

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Kuala

text: Lumpur

text: while

text: Putrajaya

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: Malaysia

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: southernmost

text: point

text: of

text: continental

text: Eurasia

text: Tanjung

text: Piai

text: is

text: in

text: Malaysia

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: Malaysia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: megadiverse

text: countries

text: on

text: earth

text: with

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: endemic

text: species

annotations: follows multiple

question: inception miss universe vietnam

answer: 2004


text: Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English computer scientist, best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He made a proposal for an information management system in March 1989, and he implemented the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) client and server via the Internet sometime around mid-November of that same year.

text: Sir

text: Timothy

text: John

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: born

text: June

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: TimBL

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: computer

text: scientist

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: He

text: made

text: proposal

text: for

text: an

text: information

text: management

text: system

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: he

text: implemented

text: the

text: first

text: successful

text: communication

text: between

text: Hypertext

text: Transfer

text: Protocol

text: HTTP

text: client

text: and

text: server

text: via

text: the

text: Internet

text: sometime

text: around

text: mid

text: November

text: of

text: that

text: same

text: year

text:
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), also known as acid, is a psychedelic drug known for its psychological effects. This may include altered awareness of the surroundings, perceptions, and feelings as well as sensations and images that seem real though they are not. It is used mainly as a recreational drug and for spiritual reasons. LSD is typically either swallowed or held under the tongue. It is often sold on blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. It can also be injected.
LSD is not addictive. However, adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions are possible. LSD is in the ergoline family. LSD is sensitive to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and chlorine, though it may last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In pure form it is odorless and clear or white in color. As little as 2030 micrograms can produce an effect.
LSD was first made by Albert Hofmann in Switzerland in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical from the fungus ergot. The laboratory name for the compound was the acronym for the German "Lyserg-säure-diäthylamid", followed by a sequential number: LSD-25. Hofmann discovered its psychedelic properties in 1943. LSD was introduced as a commercial medication under the trade-name Delysid for various psychiatric uses in 1947. In the 1950s, officials at the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) thought the drug might be useful for mind control and chemical warfare and tested the drug on young servicemen and students, and others without their knowledge. The subsequent recreational use by youth culture in the Western world as part of 1960s counterculture resulted in its prohibition.

text: Lysergic

text: acid

text: diethylamide

text: LSD

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: acid

text: is

text: psychedelic

text: drug

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: psychological

text: effects

text: This

text: may

text: include

text: altered

text: awareness

text: of

text: the

text: surroundings

text: perceptions

text: and

text: feelings

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: sensations

text: and

text: images

text: that

text: seem

text: real

text: though

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: mainly

text: as

text: recreational

text: drug

text: and

text: for

text: spiritual

text: reasons

text: LSD

text: is

text: typically

text: either

text: swallowed

text: or

text: held

text: under

text: the

text: tongue

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: sold

text: on

text: blotter

text: paper

text: sugar

text: cube

text: or

text: gelatin

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: injected

text: LSD

text: is

text: not

text: addictive

text: However

text: adverse

text: psychiatric

text: reactions

text: such

text: as

text: anxiety

text: paranoia

text: and

text: delusions

text: are

text: possible

text: LSD

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: ergoline

text: family

text: LSD

text: is

text: sensitive

text: to

text: oxygen

text: ultraviolet

text: light

text: and

text: chlorine

text: though

text: it

text: may

text: last

text: for

text: years

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: stored

text: away

text: from

text: light

text: and

text: moisture

text: at

text: low

text: temperature

text: In

text: pure

text: form

text: it

text: is

text: odorless

text: and

text: clear

text: or

text: white

text: in

text: color

text: As

text: little

text: as

text: micrograms

text: can

text: produce

text: an

text: effect

text: LSD

text: was

text: first

text: made

text: by

text: Albert

text: Hofmann

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: in

text: from

text: ergotamine

text: chemical

text: from

text: the

text: fungus

text: ergot

text: The

text: laboratory

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: compound

text: was

text: the

text: acronym

text: for

text: the

text: German

text: Lyserg

text: säure

text: diäthylamid

text: followed

text: by

text: sequential

text: number

text: Hofmann

text: discovered

text: its

text: psychedelic

text: properties

text: in

text: LSD

text: was

text: introduced

text: as

text: commercial

text: medication

text: under

text: the

text: trade

text: name

text: Delysid

text: for

text: various

text: psychiatric

text: uses

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: officials

text: at

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: Agency

text: CIA

text: thought

text: the

text: drug

text: might

text: be

text: useful

text: for

text: mind

text: control

text: and

text: chemical

text: warfare

text: and

text: tested

text: the

text: drug

text: on

text: young

text: servicemen

text: and

text: students

text: and

text: others

text: without

text: their

text: knowledge

text: The

text: subsequent

text: recreational

text: use

text: by

text: youth

text: culture

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: counterculture

text: resulted

text: in

text: its

text: prohibition

text: An amide (or or ), also known as an acid amide, is a compound with the functional group RE(O)NR (R and R refer to H or organic groups). Most common are carboxamides (organic amides) ("n" = 1, E = C, "x" = 1), but many other important types of amides are known, including phosphoramides ("n" = 2, E = P, "x" = 1 and many related formulas) and sulfonamides (E = S, "x" = 2). The term amide refers both to "classes of compounds" and to the "functional group" (RE(O)NR) within those compounds.

text: An

text: amide

text: or

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: acid

text: amide

text: is

text: compound

text: with

text: the

text: functional

text: group

text: RE(O)NR

text: and

text: refer

text: to

text: or

text: organic

text: groups

text: Most

text: common

text: are

text: carboxamides

text: organic

text: amides

text: but

text: many

text: other

text: important

text: types

text: of

text: amides

text: are

text: known

text: including

text: phosphoramides

text: and

text: many

text: related

text: formulas

text: and

text: sulfonamides

text: The

text: term

text: amide

text: refers

text: both

text: to

text: classes

text: of

text: compounds

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: functional

text: group

text: RE(O)NR

text: within

text: those

text: compounds

text: Albert Hofmann ( January 11 , 1906 -- April 29 , 2008 ) was a Swiss scientist known best for being the first person to synthesize , ingest , and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide ( LSD ) . Hofmann was also the first person to isolate , synthesize , and name the principal psychedelic mushroom compounds psilocybin and psilocin . He authored more than 100 scientific articles and numerous books , including LSD : Mein Sorgenkind ( LSD : My Problem Child ) . In 2007 , he shared first place , alongside Tim Berners - Lee , in a list of the 100 greatest living geniuses , published by The Telegraph newspaper .

text: Albert

text: Hofmann

text: January

text: April

text: was

text: Swiss

text: scientist

text: known

text: best

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: synthesize

text: ingest

text: and

text: learn

text: of

text: the

text: psychedelic

text: effects

text: of

text: lysergic

text: acid

text: diethylamide

text: LSD

text: Hofmann

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: isolate

text: synthesize

text: and

text: name

text: the

text: principal

text: psychedelic

text: mushroom

text: compounds

text: psilocybin

text: and

text: psilocin

text: He

text: authored

text: more

text: than

text: scientific

text: articles

text: and

text: numerous

text: books

text: including

text: LSD

text: Mein

text: Sorgenkind

text: LSD

text: My

text: Problem

text: Child

text: In

text: he

text: shared

text: first

text: place

text: alongside

text: Tim

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: in

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: living

text: geniuses

text: published

text: by

text: The

text: Telegraph

text: newspaper

text: Lysergic acid, also known as -lysergic acid and (+)-lysergic acid, is a precursor for a wide range of ergoline alkaloids that are produced by the ergot fungus and found in the seeds of "Turbina corymbosa" (ololiuhqui), "Argyreia nervosa" (Hawaiian Baby Woodrose), and "Ipomoea tricolor" (morning glories, tlitliltzin). Amides of lysergic acid, lysergamides, are widely used as pharmaceuticals and as psychedelic drugs (LSD). Lysergic acid received its name as it was a product of the lysis of various ergot alkaloids.

text: Lysergic

text: acid

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: -lysergic

text: acid

text: and

text: -lysergic

text: acid

text: is

text: precursor

text: for

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: ergoline

text: alkaloids

text: that

text: are

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: ergot

text: fungus

text: and

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: seeds

text: of

text: Turbina

text: corymbosa

text: ololiuhqui

text: Argyreia

text: nervosa

text: Hawaiian

text: Baby

text: Woodrose

text: and

text: Ipomoea

text: tricolor

text: morning

text: glories

text: tlitliltzin

text: Amides

text: of

text: lysergic

text: acid

text: lysergamides

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: as

text: pharmaceuticals

text: and

text: as

text: psychedelic

text: drugs

text: LSD

text: Lysergic

text: acid

text: received

text: its

text: name

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: product

text: of

text: the

text: lysis

text: of

text: various

text: ergot

text: alkaloids

text: The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet. English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989. He wrote the first web browser computer program in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.

text: The

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: abbreviated

text: WWW

text: or

text: the

text: Web

text: is

text: an

text: information

text: space

text: where

text: documents

text: and

text: other

text: web

text: resources

text: are

text: identified

text: by

text: Uniform

text: Resource

text: Locators

text: URLs

text: interlinked

text: by

text: hypertext

text: links

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: accessed

text: via

text: the

text: Internet

text: English

text: scientist

text: Tim

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: invented

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: in

text: He

text: wrote

text: the

text: first

text: web

text: browser

text: computer

text: program

text: in

text: while

text: employed

text: at

text: CERN

text: in

text: Switzerland

text:
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities.
The country is situated in Western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.

text: Switzerland

text: officially

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: cantons

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: authorities

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Western

text: Central

text: Europe

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Italy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: France

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: geographically

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Alps

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: spanning

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: While

text: the

text: Alps

text: occupy

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: the

text: Swiss

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: eight

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: concentrated

text: mostly

text: on

text: the

text: plateau

text: where

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: among

text: them

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: global

text: cities

text: and

text: economic

text: centres

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Geneva

text: The Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 is a United Nations treaty designed to control psychoactive drugs such as amphetamine-type stimulants, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and psychedelics signed in Vienna, Austria on 21 February 1971. The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 could not ban the many newly discovered psychotropics, since its scope was limited to drugs with cannabis, coca, and opium-like effects.

text: The

text: Convention

text: on

text: Psychotropic

text: Substances

text: of

text: is

text: United

text: Nations

text: treaty

text: designed

text: to

text: control

text: psychoactive

text: drugs

text: such

text: as

text: amphetamine

text: type

text: stimulants

text: barbiturates

text: benzodiazepines

text: and

text: psychedelics

text: signed

text: in

text: Vienna

text: Austria

text: on

text: February

text: The

text: Single

text: Convention

text: on

text: Narcotic

text: Drugs

text: of

text: could

text: not

text: ban

text: the

text: many

text: newly

text: discovered

text: psychotropics

text: since

text: its

text: scope

text: was

text: limited

text: to

text: drugs

text: with

text: cannabis

text: coca

text: and

text: opium

text: like

text: effects

text: Psilocin (also known as 4-HO-DMT, psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin) is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic substance. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. Psilocin is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. The mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable and subjective and resemble those of LSD and DMT.

text: Psilocin

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: DMT

text: psilocine

text: psilocyn

text: or

text: psilotsin

text: is

text: substituted

text: tryptamine

text: alkaloid

text: and

text: serotonergic

text: psychedelic

text: substance

text: It

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: most

text: psychedelic

text: mushrooms

text: together

text: with

text: its

text: phosphorylated

text: counterpart

text: psilocybin

text: Psilocin

text: is

text: Schedule

text: drug

text: under

text: the

text: Convention

text: on

text: Psychotropic

text: Substances

text: The

text: mind

text: altering

text: effects

text: of

text: psilocin

text: are

text: highly

text: variable

text: and

text: subjective

text: and

text: resemble

text: those

text: of

text: LSD

text: and

text: DMT

text:
A prodrug is a medication or compound that, after administration, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug. Inactive prodrugs are pharmacologically inactive medications that are metabolized into an active form within the body. Instead of administering a drug directly, a corresponding prodrug might be used instead to improve how a medicine is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME). Prodrugs are often designed to improve bioavailability when a drug itself is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. A prodrug may be used to improve how selectively the drug interacts with cells or processes that are not its intended target. This reduces adverse or unintended effects of a drug, especially important in treatments like chemotherapy, which can have severe unintended and undesirable side effects.
History.
Many herbal extracts historically used in medicine contain glycosides (sugar derivatives) of the active agent, which are hydrolyzed in the intestines to release the active and more bioavailable aglycone. For example, salicin is a -D-glucopyranoside that is cleaved by esterases to release salicylic acid. Aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid, first made by Felix Hoffmann at Bayer in 1897, is a synthetic prodrug of salicylic acid. However, in other cases, such as codeine and morphine, the administered drug is enzymatically activated to form sugar derivatives (morphine-glucuronides) that are more active than the parent compound.

text: prodrug

text: is

text: medication

text: or

text: compound

text: that

text: after

text: administration

text: is

text: metabolized

text: i.e.

text: converted

text: within

text: the

text: body

text: into

text: pharmacologically

text: active

text: drug

text: Inactive

text: prodrugs

text: are

text: pharmacologically

text: inactive

text: medications

text: that

text: are

text: metabolized

text: into

text: an

text: active

text: form

text: within

text: the

text: body

text: Instead

text: of

text: administering

text: drug

text: directly

text: corresponding

text: prodrug

text: might

text: be

text: used

text: instead

text: to

text: improve

text: how

text: medicine

text: is

text: absorbed

text: distributed

text: metabolized

text: and

text: excreted

text: ADME

text: Prodrugs

text: are

text: often

text: designed

text: to

text: improve

text: bioavailability

text: when

text: drug

text: itself

text: is

text: poorly

text: absorbed

text: from

text: the

text: gastrointestinal

text: tract

text: prodrug

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: improve

text: how

text: selectively

text: the

text: drug

text: interacts

text: with

text: cells

text: or

text: processes

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: its

text: intended

text: target

text: This

text: reduces

text: adverse

text: or

text: unintended

text: effects

text: of

text: drug

text: especially

text: important

text: in

text: treatments

text: like

text: chemotherapy

text: which

text: can

text: have

text: severe

text: unintended

text: and

text: undesirable

text: side

text: effects

text: History

text: Many

text: herbal

text: extracts

text: historically

text: used

text: in

text: medicine

text: contain

text: glycosides

text: sugar

text: derivatives

text: of

text: the

text: active

text: agent

text: which

text: are

text: hydrolyzed

text: in

text: the

text: intestines

text: to

text: release

text: the

text: active

text: and

text: more

text: bioavailable

text: aglycone

text: For

text: example

text: salicin

text: is

text: -D

text: glucopyranoside

text: that

text: is

text: cleaved

text: by

text: esterases

text: to

text: release

text: salicylic

text: acid

text: Aspirin

text: acetylsalicylic

text: acid

text: first

text: made

text: by

text: Felix

text: Hoffmann

text: at

text: Bayer

text: in

text: is

text: synthetic

text: prodrug

text: of

text: salicylic

text: acid

text: However

text: in

text: other

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: codeine

text: and

text: morphine

text: the

text: administered

text: drug

text: is

text: enzymatically

text: activated

text: to

text: form

text: sugar

text: derivatives

text: morphine

text: glucuronides

text: that

text: are

text: more

text: active

text: than

text: the

text: parent

text: compound

text: Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine.

text: Chlorine

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: symbol

text: Cl

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: The

text: second

text: lightest

text: of

text: the

text: halogens

text: it

text: appears

text: between

text: fluorine

text: and

text: bromine

text: in

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: and

text: its

text: properties

text: are

text: mostly

text: intermediate

text: between

text: them

text: Chlorine

text: is

text: yellow

text: green

text: gas

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: reactive

text: element

text: and

text: strong

text: oxidising

text: agent

text: among

text: the

text: elements

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: electron

text: affinity

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: electronegativity

text: behind

text: only

text: oxygen

text: and

text: fluorine

text: Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound produced by more than 200 species of mushrooms, collectively known as psilocybin mushrooms. The most potent are members of the genus "Psilocybe", such as "P. azurescens", "P. semilanceata", and "P. cyanescens", but psilocybin has also been isolated from about a dozen other genera. As a prodrug, psilocybin is quickly converted by the body to psilocin, which has mind-altering effects similar, in some aspects, to those of LSD, mescaline, and DMT. In general, the effects include euphoria, visual and mental hallucinations, changes in perception, a distorted sense of time, and spiritual experiences, and can include possible adverse reactions such as nausea and panic attacks.

text: Psilocybin

text: is

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: psychedelic

text: compound

text: produced

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: species

text: of

text: mushrooms

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: psilocybin

text: mushrooms

text: The

text: most

text: potent

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Psilocybe

text: such

text: as

text: azurescens

text: semilanceata

text: and

text: cyanescens

text: but

text: psilocybin

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: isolated

text: from

text: about

text: dozen

text: other

text: genera

text: As

text: prodrug

text: psilocybin

text: is

text: quickly

text: converted

text: by

text: the

text: body

text: to

text: psilocin

text: which

text: has

text: mind

text: altering

text: effects

text: similar

text: in

text: some

text: aspects

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: LSD

text: mescaline

text: and

text: DMT

text: In

text: general

text: the

text: effects

text: include

text: euphoria

text: visual

text: and

text: mental

text: hallucinations

text: changes

text: in

text: perception

text: distorted

text: sense

text: of

text: time

text: and

text: spiritual

text: experiences

text: and

text: can

text: include

text: possible

text: adverse

text: reactions

text: such

text: as

text: nausea

text: and

text: panic

text: attacks

text: Mescaline, or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a naturally occurring psychedelic alkaloid of the phenethylamine class, known for its hallucinogenic effects comparable to those of LSD and psilocybin.

text: Mescaline

text: or

text: is

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: psychedelic

text: alkaloid

text: of

text: the

text: phenethylamine

text: class

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: hallucinogenic

text: effects

text: comparable

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: LSD

text: and

text: psilocybin

text:
Panic attacks are sudden periods of intense fear that may include palpitations, sweating, shaking, shortness of breath, numbness, or a feeling that something bad is going to happen. The maximum degree of symptoms occurs within minutes. Typically they last for about 30 minutes but the duration can vary from seconds to hours. There may be a fear of losing control or chest pain. Panic attacks themselves are not dangerous.
Panic attacks can occur due to number of disorders including panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, drug use, depression, and medical problems. They can either be triggered or occur unexpectedly. Risk factors include smoking and psychological stress. Diagnosis should involve ruling out other conditions that can produce similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, heart disease, lung disease, and drug use.
Treatment of panic attacks should be directed at the underlying cause. In those with frequent attacks, counselling or medications may be used. Breathing training and muscle relaxation techniques may also help. Those affected are at a higher risk of suicide.
In Europe about 3% of the population has a panic attack in a given year while in the United States they affect about 11%. They are more common in females than males. They often begin during puberty or early adulthood. Children and older people are less commonly affected.

text: Panic

text: attacks

text: are

text: sudden

text: periods

text: of

text: intense

text: fear

text: that

text: may

text: include

text: palpitations

text: sweating

text: shaking

text: shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: numbness

text: or

text: feeling

text: that

text: something

text: bad

text: is

text: going

text: to

text: happen

text: The

text: maximum

text: degree

text: of

text: symptoms

text: occurs

text: within

text: minutes

text: Typically

text: they

text: last

text: for

text: about

text: minutes

text: but

text: the

text: duration

text: can

text: vary

text: from

text: seconds

text: to

text: hours

text: There

text: may

text: be

text: fear

text: of

text: losing

text: control

text: or

text: chest

text: pain

text: Panic

text: attacks

text: themselves

text: are

text: not

text: dangerous

text: Panic

text: attacks

text: can

text: occur

text: due

text: to

text: number

text: of

text: disorders

text: including

text: panic

text: disorder

text: social

text: anxiety

text: disorder

text: post

text: traumatic

text: stress

text: disorder

text: drug

text: use

text: depression

text: and

text: medical

text: problems

text: They

text: can

text: either

text: be

text: triggered

text: or

text: occur

text: unexpectedly

text: Risk

text: factors

text: include

text: smoking

text: and

text: psychological

text: stress

text: Diagnosis

text: should

text: involve

text: ruling

text: out

text: other

text: conditions

text: that

text: can

text: produce

text: similar

text: symptoms

text: including

text: hyperthyroidism

text: hyperparathyroidism

text: heart

text: disease

text: lung

text: disease

text: and

text: drug

text: use

text: Treatment

text: of

text: panic

text: attacks

text: should

text: be

text: directed

text: at

text: the

text: underlying

text: cause

text: In

text: those

text: with

text: frequent

text: attacks

text: counselling

text: or

text: medications

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: Breathing

text: training

text: and

text: muscle

text: relaxation

text: techniques

text: may

text: also

text: help

text: Those

text: affected

text: are

text: at

text: higher

text: risk

text: of

text: suicide

text: In

text: Europe

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: has

text: panic

text: attack

text: in

text: given

text: year

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: they

text: affect

text: about

text: They

text: are

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: females

text: than

text: males

text: They

text: often

text: begin

text: during

text: puberty

text: or

text: early

text: adulthood

text: Children

text: and

text: older

text: people

text: are

text: less

text: commonly

text: affected

text: Albert Hofmann (11 January 1906  29 April 2008) was a Swiss scientist known best for being the first person to synthesize, ingest, and learn of the psychedelic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Hofmann was also the first person to isolate, synthesize, and name the principal psychedelic mushroom compounds psilocybin and psilocin. He authored more than 100 scientific articles and numerous books, including "LSD: Mein Sorgenkind" ("LSD: My Problem Child"). In 2007, he shared first place, alongside Tim Berners-Lee, in a list of the 100 greatest living geniuses, published by "The Telegraph" newspaper.

text: Albert

text: Hofmann

text: January

text: April

text: was

text: Swiss

text: scientist

text: known

text: best

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: synthesize

text: ingest

text: and

text: learn

text: of

text: the

text: psychedelic

text: effects

text: of

text: lysergic

text: acid

text: diethylamide

text: LSD

text: Hofmann

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: isolate

text: synthesize

text: and

text: name

text: the

text: principal

text: psychedelic

text: mushroom

text: compounds

text: psilocybin

text: and

text: psilocin

text: He

text: authored

text: more

text: than

text: scientific

text: articles

text: and

text: numerous

text: books

text: including

text: LSD

text: Mein

text: Sorgenkind

text: LSD

text: My

text: Problem

text: Child

text: In

text: he

text: shared

text: first

text: place

text: alongside

text: Tim

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: in

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: living

text: geniuses

text: published

text: by

text: The

text: Telegraph

text: newspaper

text: Ipomoea tricolor (grannyvine or morning glory) is a species of flowering plant in the family Convolvulaceae, native to the New World tropics, and widely cultivated and naturalised elsewhere. It is an herbaceous annual or perennial twining liana growing to tall. The leaves are spirally arranged, 37 cm long with a 1.56 cm long petiole. The flowers are trumpet-shaped, in diameter, most commonly blue with a white to golden yellow centre.

text: Ipomoea

text: tricolor

text: grannyvine

text: or

text: morning

text: glory

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: flowering

text: plant

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Convolvulaceae

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: tropics

text: and

text: widely

text: cultivated

text: and

text: naturalised

text: elsewhere

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: herbaceous

text: annual

text: or

text: perennial

text: twining

text: liana

text: growing

text: to

text: tall

text: The

text: leaves

text: are

text: spirally

text: arranged

text: cm

text: long

text: with

text: cm

text: long

text: petiole

text: The

text: flowers

text: are

text: trumpet

text: shaped

text: in

text: diameter

text: most

text: commonly

text: blue

text: with

text: white

text: to

text: golden

text: yellow

text: centre

question: date_of_death albert hofmann

answer: 29 april 2008

text: 29 april 2008