text: The British Railways Board (BRB) was a nationalised industry in the United Kingdom that operated from 1963 to 2001. Until 1997 it was responsible for most railway services in Great Britain, trading under the brand name British Railways and, from 1965, British Rail. It did not operate railways in Northern Ireland, where railways were the responsibility of the Government of Northern Ireland.

text: The

text: British

text: Railways

text: Board

text: BRB

text: was

text: nationalised

text: industry

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: that

text: operated

text: from

text: to

text: Until

text: it

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: most

text: railway

text: services

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: trading

text: under

text: the

text: brand

text: name

text: British

text: Railways

text: and

text: from

text: British

text: Rail

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: operate

text: railways

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: where

text: railways

text: were

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Transport is the member of the cabinet responsible for the British Department for Transport. The office used to be called the Minister of Transport and has been merged with the Department for the Environment at various times.

text: Her

text: Majesty

text: 's

text: Principal

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: for

text: Transport

text: is

text: the

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: cabinet

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: Department

text: for

text: Transport

text: The

text: office

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: called

text: the

text: Minister

text: of

text: Transport

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: Department

text: for

text: the

text: Environment

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: Chessington is an area in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames within Greater London. It is the largest salient of Greater London into the neighbouring county of Surrey. As of the 2011 census it had a population of 18,973. The Bonesgate Stream, a tributary of the Hogsmill River runs through it. The popular theme park resort Chessington World of Adventures, which incorporates Chessington Zoo, is located in the south-west of the area.

text: Chessington

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Royal

text: Borough

text: of

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: within

text: Greater

text: London

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: salient

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: into

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: county

text: of

text: Surrey

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: it

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: Bonesgate

text: Stream

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Hogsmill

text: River

text: runs

text: through

text: it

text: The

text: popular

text: theme

text: park

text: resort

text: Chessington

text: World

text: of

text: Adventures

text: which

text: incorporates

text: Chessington

text: Zoo

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: area

text:
Surbiton is a suburban area of south-west London within the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. It is situated next to the River Thames, 11.0 miles south west of central London. Surbiton was formerly within the County of Surrey, but became part of Greater London in 1965 following the London Government Act 1963, together with many areas including neighbouring Kingston and Richmond.
Surbiton possesses a mixture of Art-Deco courts, more recent residential blocks and grand 19th century townhouses blending into a sea of semi-detached 20th century housing estates.

text: Surbiton

text: is

text: suburban

text: area

text: of

text: south

text: west

text: London

text: within

text: the

text: Royal

text: Borough

text: of

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: miles

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: central

text: London

text: Surbiton

text: was

text: formerly

text: within

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Surrey

text: but

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: London

text: Government

text: Act

text: together

text: with

text: many

text: areas

text: including

text: neighbouring

text: Kingston

text: and

text: Richmond

text: Surbiton

text: possesses

text: mixture

text: of

text: Art

text: Deco

text: courts

text: more

text: recent

text: residential

text: blocks

text: and

text: grand

text: century

text: townhouses

text: blending

text: into

text: sea

text: of

text: semi

text: detached

text: century

text: housing

text: estates

text: Worcester Park is a suburban town in south west London, covering both the extreme north-west of the London Borough of Sutton in Greater London (east of the railway line that runs through the area) and the northernmost part of the Borough of Epsom and Ewell in Surrey (west of the railway). The area is south-west of Charing Cross. The suburb's population was 16,031 at the time of the 2001 census. The suburb comprises the Worcester Park ward, an electoral area of the London Borough of Sutton with a population in of , as well as the Cuddington ward, an electoral area of Epsom and Ewell, which had a population of 5,791 at the time of the 2001 census.

text: Worcester

text: Park

text: is

text: suburban

text: town

text: in

text: south

text: west

text: London

text: covering

text: both

text: the

text: extreme

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: London

text: Borough

text: of

text: Sutton

text: in

text: Greater

text: London

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: railway

text: line

text: that

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: northernmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Borough

text: of

text: Epsom

text: and

text: Ewell

text: in

text: Surrey

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: railway

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Charing

text: Cross

text: The

text: suburb

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: The

text: suburb

text: comprises

text: the

text: Worcester

text: Park

text: ward

text: an

text: electoral

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: London

text: Borough

text: of

text: Sutton

text: with

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Cuddington

text: ward

text: an

text: electoral

text: area

text: of

text: Epsom

text: and

text: Ewell

text: which

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: The Rail Delivery Group (RDG), formerly Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC), is a body that represents the 23 train operating companies that provide passenger services on the privatised British railway system. It owns the National Rail brand. RDG is an unincorporated association owned by its members. It was set up by the train operators formed during privatisation of the railways under the Railways Act 1993. Its office is in London.

text: The

text: Rail

text: Delivery

text: Group

text: RDG

text: formerly

text: Association

text: of

text: Train

text: Operating

text: Companies

text: ATOC

text: is

text: body

text: that

text: represents

text: the

text: train

text: operating

text: companies

text: that

text: provide

text: passenger

text: services

text: on

text: the

text: privatised

text: British

text: railway

text: system

text: It

text: owns

text: the

text: National

text: Rail

text: brand

text: RDG

text: is

text: an

text: unincorporated

text: association

text: owned

text: by

text: its

text: members

text: It

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: train

text: operators

text: formed

text: during

text: privatisation

text: of

text: the

text: railways

text: under

text: the

text: Railways

text: Act

text: Its

text: office

text: is

text: in

text: London

text: The Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames is a borough in southwest London, England. The main town is Kingston upon Thames and it includes Surbiton, Chessington, New Malden, Tolworth and part of Worcester Park. It is the oldest of the four Royal Boroughs in England. The others are Kensington and Chelsea and Greenwich also in London, and Windsor and Maidenhead. The local authority is Kingston upon Thames London Borough Council.

text: The

text: Royal

text: Borough

text: of

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: is

text: borough

text: in

text: southwest

text: London

text: England

text: The

text: main

text: town

text: is

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: and

text: it

text: includes

text: Surbiton

text: Chessington

text: New

text: Malden

text: Tolworth

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: Worcester

text: Park

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: Royal

text: Boroughs

text: in

text: England

text: The

text: others

text: are

text: Kensington

text: and

text: Chelsea

text: and

text: Greenwich

text: also

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: Windsor

text: and

text: Maidenhead

text: The

text: local

text: authority

text: is

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: London

text: Borough

text: Council

text: Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.

text: Great

text: Britain

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Britain

text: is

text: large

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: northwest

text: coast

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: the

text: island

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: after

text: Java

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: Honshu

text: in

text: Japan

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: situated

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: it

text: and

text: together

text: these

text: islands

text: along

text: with

text: over

text: smaller

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: comprise

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: archipelago

text: Kingston upon Thames, also known as Kingston, is the principal settlement of the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames in southwest London. It was the ancient market town where Saxon kings were crowned. Kingston is situated southwest of Charing Cross and is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. Kingston lies approximately 33 feet (10 metres) above sea level. Kingston was part of a large ancient parish in the county of Surrey and the town was an ancient borough, reformed in 1835. It has been the location of Surrey County Hall from 1893, extraterritorially in terms of local government administration since Kingston became part of Greater London in 1965. Most of the town centre is part of the KT1 postcode area, but some areas north of Kingston railway station have the postcode KT2 instead. The population of the town itself, comprising the four wards of Canbury, Grove, Norbiton and Tudor, was 43,013 in the 2011 census.

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Kingston

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: settlement

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Borough

text: of

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: in

text: southwest

text: London

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: ancient

text: market

text: town

text: where

text: Saxon

text: kings

text: were

text: crowned

text: Kingston

text: is

text: situated

text: southwest

text: of

text: Charing

text: Cross

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: metropolitan

text: centres

text: identified

text: in

text: the

text: London

text: Plan

text: Kingston

text: lies

text: approximately

text: feet

text: metres

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: Kingston

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: large

text: ancient

text: parish

text: in

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Surrey

text: and

text: the

text: town

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: borough

text: reformed

text: in

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: Surrey

text: County

text: Hall

text: from

text: extraterritorially

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: local

text: government

text: administration

text: since

text: Kingston

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: in

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: centre

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: postcode

text: area

text: but

text: some

text: areas

text: north

text: of

text: Kingston

text: railway

text: station

text: have

text: the

text: postcode

text: instead

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: itself

text: comprising

text: the

text: four

text: wards

text: of

text: Canbury

text: Grove

text: Norbiton

text: and

text: Tudor

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: The Chessington Branch Line is a short National Rail railway line in England , mostly in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames , from Motspur Park to Chessington South .

text: The

text: Chessington

text: Branch

text: Line

text: is

text: short

text: National

text: Rail

text: railway

text: line

text: in

text: England

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Royal

text: Borough

text: of

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: from

text: Motspur

text: Park

text: to

text: Chessington

text: South

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: British Railways (BR), which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was the operator of most of the rail transport in Great Britain between 1948 and 1997. It was formed from the nationalisation of the "Big Four" British railway companies and lasted until the gradual privatisation of British Rail, in stages between 1994 and 1997. Originally a trading brand of the Railway Executive of the British Transport Commission, it became an independent statutory corporation in 1962: the British Railways Board.

text: British

text: Railways

text: BR

text: which

text: from

text: traded

text: as

text: British

text: Rail

text: was

text: the

text: operator

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: rail

text: transport

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: between

text: and

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: from

text: the

text: nationalisation

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Four

text: British

text: railway

text: companies

text: and

text: lasted

text: until

text: the

text: gradual

text: privatisation

text: of

text: British

text: Rail

text: in

text: stages

text: between

text: and

text: Originally

text: trading

text: brand

text: of

text: the

text: Railway

text: Executive

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Transport

text: Commission

text: it

text: became

text: an

text: independent

text: statutory

text: corporation

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Railways

text: Board

text: In Great Britain, National Rail is the trading name licensed for use by the Rail Delivery Group, an unincorporated association whose membership consists of the passenger train operating companies (TOCs) of Great Britain that run the passenger services previously provided by the British Railways Board, from 1965 using the brand name British Rail. National Rail generally does not include services that do not have a BR history; this distinction is important because National Rail services share a ticketing structure and inter-availability that do not necessarily extend to other services. The name and the accompanying double arrow symbol are the intellectual property of the Secretary of State for Transport.

text: In

text: Great

text: Britain

text: National

text: Rail

text: is

text: the

text: trading

text: name

text: licensed

text: for

text: use

text: by

text: the

text: Rail

text: Delivery

text: Group

text: an

text: unincorporated

text: association

text: whose

text: membership

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: passenger

text: train

text: operating

text: companies

text: TOCs

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: that

text: run

text: the

text: passenger

text: services

text: previously

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Railways

text: Board

text: from

text: using

text: the

text: brand

text: name

text: British

text: Rail

text: National

text: Rail

text: generally

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: services

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: BR

text: history

text: this

text: distinction

text: is

text: important

text: because

text: National

text: Rail

text: services

text: share

text: ticketing

text: structure

text: and

text: inter

text: availability

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: necessarily

text: extend

text: to

text: other

text: services

text: The

text: name

text: and

text: the

text: accompanying

text: double

text: arrow

text: symbol

text: are

text: the

text: intellectual

text: property

text: of

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: for

text: Transport

text: Tolworth is a suburban area of southwest London in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames, located south west of Charing Cross. Neighbouring places include Long Ditton, New Malden, Kingston, Surbiton, Berrylands, Hinchley Wood, Chessington, Ewell and Worcester Park. Surbiton is the nearest, about a mile north west. Tolworth is divided in two, with part of it to the east and part of it to the west of the Kingston by-pass.

text: Tolworth

text: is

text: suburban

text: area

text: of

text: southwest

text: London

text: in

text: the

text: Royal

text: Borough

text: of

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: located

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Charing

text: Cross

text: Neighbouring

text: places

text: include

text: Long

text: Ditton

text: New

text: Malden

text: Kingston

text: Surbiton

text: Berrylands

text: Hinchley

text: Wood

text: Chessington

text: Ewell

text: and

text: Worcester

text: Park

text: Surbiton

text: is

text: the

text: nearest

text: about

text: mile

text: north

text: west

text: Tolworth

text: is

text: divided

text: in

text: two

text: with

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Kingston

text: by

text: pass

text: New Malden is a suburb in south-west London, in the boroughs of Kingston and Merton, and is from Charing Cross. Neighbouring localities are Kingston upon Thames, Raynes Park, Surbiton, Tolworth, Wimbledon and Worcester Park.

text: New

text: Malden

text: is

text: suburb

text: in

text: south

text: west

text: London

text: in

text: the

text: boroughs

text: of

text: Kingston

text: and

text: Merton

text: and

text: is

text: from

text: Charing

text: Cross

text: Neighbouring

text: localities

text: are

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: Raynes

text: Park

text: Surbiton

text: Tolworth

text: Wimbledon

text: and

text: Worcester

text: Park

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of chessington branch line

answer: railway system

text: railway system


text: A crossbreed or crossbred usually refers to an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations. "Crossbreeding", sometimes called "designer crossbreeding", refers to the process of breeding such an organism, often with the intention to create offspring that share the traits of both parent lineages, or producing an organism with hybrid vigor. While crossbreeding is used to maintain health and viability of organisms, irresponsible crossbreeding can also produce organisms of inferior quality or dilute a purebred gene pool to the point of extinction of a given breed of organism.

text: crossbreed

text: or

text: crossbred

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: an

text: organism

text: with

text: purebred

text: parents

text: of

text: two

text: different

text: breeds

text: varieties

text: or

text: populations

text: Crossbreeding

text: sometimes

text: called

text: designer

text: crossbreeding

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: breeding

text: such

text: an

text: organism

text: often

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: to

text: create

text: offspring

text: that

text: share

text: the

text: traits

text: of

text: both

text: parent

text: lineages

text: or

text: producing

text: an

text: organism

text: with

text: hybrid

text: vigor

text: While

text: crossbreeding

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: maintain

text: health

text: and

text: viability

text: of

text: organisms

text: irresponsible

text: crossbreeding

text: can

text: also

text: produce

text: organisms

text: of

text: inferior

text: quality

text: or

text: dilute

text: purebred

text: gene

text: pool

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: extinction

text: of

text: given

text: breed

text: of

text: organism

text: Sometimes terms which refer to branches of soil science, such as pedology (formation, chemistry, morphology and classification of soil) and edaphology (influence of soil on organisms, especially plants), are used as if synonymous with soil science. The diversity of names associated with this discipline is related to the various associations concerned. Indeed, engineers, agronomists, chemists, geologists, physical geographers, ecologists, biologists, microbiologists, sylviculturists, sanitarians, archaeologists, and specialists in regional planning, all contribute to further knowledge of soils and the advancement of the soil sciences.

text: Sometimes

text: terms

text: which

text: refer

text: to

text: branches

text: of

text: soil

text: science

text: such

text: as

text: pedology

text: formation

text: chemistry

text: morphology

text: and

text: classification

text: of

text: soil

text: and

text: edaphology

text: influence

text: of

text: soil

text: on

text: organisms

text: especially

text: plants

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: if

text: synonymous

text: with

text: soil

text: science

text: The

text: diversity

text: of

text: names

text: associated

text: with

text: this

text: discipline

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: various

text: associations

text: concerned

text: Indeed

text: engineers

text: agronomists

text: chemists

text: geologists

text: physical

text: geographers

text: ecologists

text: biologists

text: microbiologists

text: sylviculturists

text: sanitarians

text: archaeologists

text: and

text: specialists

text: in

text: regional

text: planning

text: all

text: contribute

text: to

text: further

text: knowledge

text: of

text: soils

text: and

text: the

text: advancement

text: of

text: the

text: soil

text: sciences

text: Fiber or fibre (from the Latin fibra) is a natural or synthetic substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene.

text: Fiber

text: or

text: fibre

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: fibra

text: is

text: natural

text: or

text: synthetic

text: substance

text: that

text: is

text: significantly

text: longer

text: than

text: it

text: is

text: wide

text: Fibers

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: other

text: materials

text: The

text: strongest

text: engineering

text: materials

text: often

text: incorporate

text: fibers

text: for

text: example

text: carbon

text: fiber

text: and

text: ultra

text: high

text: molecular

text: weight

text: polyethylene

text: Ruminants are mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through microbial actions. The process typically requires the fermented ingesta (known as cud) to be regurgitated and chewed again. The process of rechewing the cud to further break down plant matter and stimulate digestion is called rumination. The word "ruminant" comes from the Latin "ruminare", which means "to chew over again".

text: Ruminants

text: are

text: mammals

text: that

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: acquire

text: nutrients

text: from

text: plant

text: based

text: food

text: by

text: fermenting

text: it

text: in

text: specialized

text: stomach

text: prior

text: to

text: digestion

text: principally

text: through

text: microbial

text: actions

text: The

text: process

text: typically

text: requires

text: the

text: fermented

text: ingesta

text: known

text: as

text: cud

text: to

text: be

text: regurgitated

text: and

text: chewed

text: again

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: rechewing

text: the

text: cud

text: to

text: further

text: break

text: down

text: plant

text: matter

text: and

text: stimulate

text: digestion

text: is

text: called

text: rumination

text: The

text: word

text: ruminant

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: ruminare

text: which

text: means

text: to

text: chew

text: over

text: again

text: Chemistry is a branch of physical science that studies the composition, structure, properties and change of matter. Chemistry includes topics such as the properties of individual atoms, how atoms form chemical bonds to create chemical compounds, the interactions of substances through intermolecular forces that give matter its general properties, and the interactions between substances through chemical reactions to form different substances.

text: Chemistry

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: physical

text: science

text: that

text: studies

text: the

text: composition

text: structure

text: properties

text: and

text: change

text: of

text: matter

text: Chemistry

text: includes

text: topics

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: individual

text: atoms

text: how

text: atoms

text: form

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: to

text: create

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: the

text: interactions

text: of

text: substances

text: through

text: intermolecular

text: forces

text: that

text: give

text: matter

text: its

text: general

text: properties

text: and

text: the

text: interactions

text: between

text: substances

text: through

text: chemical

text: reactions

text: to

text: form

text: different

text: substances

text: In biology, offspring are the young born of living organisms, produced either by a single organism or, in the case of sexual reproduction, two organisms. Collective offspring may be known as a brood or progeny in a more general way. This can refer to a set of simultaneous offspring, such as the chicks hatched from one clutch of eggs, or to all the offspring, as with the honeybee.

text: In

text: biology

text: offspring

text: are

text: the

text: young

text: born

text: of

text: living

text: organisms

text: produced

text: either

text: by

text: single

text: organism

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: two

text: organisms

text: Collective

text: offspring

text: may

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: brood

text: or

text: progeny

text: in

text: more

text: general

text: way

text: This

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: set

text: of

text: simultaneous

text: offspring

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: chicks

text: hatched

text: from

text: one

text: clutch

text: of

text: eggs

text: or

text: to

text: all

text: the

text: offspring

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: honeybee

text: Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together. Domesticated animals are known as breeds, normally bred by a professional breeder, while domesticated plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars. Two purebred animals of different breeds produce a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids. Flowers, vegetables and fruit-trees may be bred by amateurs and commercial or non-commercial professionals: major crops are usually the provenance of the professionals.

text: Selective

text: breeding

text: also

text: called

text: artificial

text: selection

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: by

text: which

text: humans

text: use

text: animal

text: breeding

text: and

text: plant

text: breeding

text: to

text: selectively

text: develop

text: particular

text: phenotypic

text: traits

text: characteristics

text: by

text: choosing

text: which

text: typically

text: animal

text: or

text: plant

text: males

text: and

text: females

text: will

text: sexually

text: reproduce

text: and

text: have

text: offspring

text: together

text: Domesticated

text: animals

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: breeds

text: normally

text: bred

text: by

text: professional

text: breeder

text: while

text: domesticated

text: plants

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: varieties

text: cultigens

text: or

text: cultivars

text: Two

text: purebred

text: animals

text: of

text: different

text: breeds

text: produce

text: crossbreed

text: and

text: crossbred

text: plants

text: are

text: called

text: hybrids

text: Flowers

text: vegetables

text: and

text: fruit

text: trees

text: may

text: be

text: bred

text: by

text: amateurs

text: and

text: commercial

text: or

text: non

text: commercial

text: professionals

text: major

text: crops

text: are

text: usually

text: the

text: provenance

text: of

text: the

text: professionals

text: Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the 18th century. The 19th century saw modest progress in the field after weather observation networks were formed across broad regions. Prior attempts at prediction of weather depended on historical data. It wasn't until after the elucidation of the laws of physics and, more particularly, the development of the computer, allowing for the automated solution of a great many equations that model the weather, in the latter half of the 20th century that significant breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved.

text: Meteorology

text: is

text: the

text: interdisciplinary

text: scientific

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: meteorology

text: dates

text: back

text: millennia

text: though

text: significant

text: progress

text: in

text: meteorology

text: did

text: not

text: occur

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: century

text: saw

text: modest

text: progress

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: after

text: weather

text: observation

text: networks

text: were

text: formed

text: across

text: broad

text: regions

text: Prior

text: attempts

text: at

text: prediction

text: of

text: weather

text: depended

text: on

text: historical

text: data

text: It

text: was

text: n't

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: elucidation

text: of

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: physics

text: and

text: more

text: particularly

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: computer

text: allowing

text: for

text: the

text: automated

text: solution

text: of

text: great

text: many

text: equations

text: that

text: model

text: the

text: weather

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: that

text: significant

text: breakthroughs

text: in

text: weather

text: forecasting

text: were

text: achieved

text: Agronomy (Ancient Greek  "agrós" 'field' +  "nómos" 'law') is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fiber, and land reclamation. Agronomy has come to encompass work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, and soil science. It is the application of a combination of sciences like biology, chemistry, economics, ecology, earth science, and genetics. Agronomists of today are involved with many issues, including producing food, creating healthier food, managing the environmental impact of agriculture, and extracting energy from plants. Agronomists often specialise in areas such as crop rotation, irrigation and drainage, plant breeding, plant physiology, soil classification, soil fertility, weed control, and insect and pest control.

text: Agronomy

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: agrós

text: field

text: nómos

text: law

text: is

text: the

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: of

text: producing

text: and

text: using

text: plants

text: for

text: food

text: fuel

text: fiber

text: and

text: land

text: reclamation

text: Agronomy

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: encompass

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: areas

text: of

text: plant

text: genetics

text: plant

text: physiology

text: meteorology

text: and

text: soil

text: science

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: combination

text: of

text: sciences

text: like

text: biology

text: chemistry

text: economics

text: ecology

text: earth

text: science

text: and

text: genetics

text: Agronomists

text: of

text: today

text: are

text: involved

text: with

text: many

text: issues

text: including

text: producing

text: food

text: creating

text: healthier

text: food

text: managing

text: the

text: environmental

text: impact

text: of

text: agriculture

text: and

text: extracting

text: energy

text: from

text: plants

text: Agronomists

text: often

text: specialise

text: in

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: crop

text: rotation

text: irrigation

text: and

text: drainage

text: plant

text: breeding

text: plant

text: physiology

text: soil

text: classification

text: soil

text: fertility

text: weed

text: control

text: and

text: insect

text: and

text: pest

text: control

text: In physics, energy is the property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on  or to heat  the object, and can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The SI unit of energy is the joule, which is the energy transferred to an object by the mechanical work of moving it a distance of 1 metre against a force of 1 newton.

text: In

text: physics

text: energy

text: is

text: the

text: property

text: that

text: must

text: be

text: transferred

text: to

text: an

text: object

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: perform

text: work

text: on

text: or

text: to

text: heat

text: the

text: object

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: converted

text: in

text: form

text: but

text: not

text: created

text: or

text: destroyed

text: The

text: SI

text: unit

text: of

text: energy

text: is

text: the

text: joule

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: energy

text: transferred

text: to

text: an

text: object

text: by

text: the

text: mechanical

text: work

text: of

text: moving

text: it

text: distance

text: of

text: metre

text: against

text: force

text: of

text: newton

text: Earth science or geoscience is a widely embraced term for the fields of science related to the planet Earth. Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science, but with a much older history. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth sciences. The Earth sciences can include the study of geology, the lithosphere, and the large-scale structure of the Earth's interior, as well as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Typically, Earth scientists use tools from geography, chronology, physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of how the Earth system works and evolves.

text: Earth

text: science

text: or

text: geoscience

text: is

text: widely

text: embraced

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: science

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: planet

text: Earth

text: Earth

text: science

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: branch

text: of

text: planetary

text: science

text: but

text: with

text: much

text: older

text: history

text: There

text: are

text: both

text: reductionist

text: and

text: holistic

text: approaches

text: to

text: Earth

text: sciences

text: The

text: Earth

text: sciences

text: can

text: include

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: geology

text: the

text: lithosphere

text: and

text: the

text: large

text: scale

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: interior

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: hydrosphere

text: and

text: biosphere

text: Typically

text: Earth

text: scientists

text: use

text: tools

text: from

text: geography

text: chronology

text: physics

text: chemistry

text: biology

text: and

text: mathematics

text: to

text: build

text: quantitative

text: understanding

text: of

text: how

text: the

text: Earth

text: system

text: works

text: and

text: evolves

text:
Plant genetics is a very broad term. There are many facets of genetics in general, and of course there are many facets to plants.
The definition of genetics is the branch of biology that deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of hereditary transmission and the variation of inherited characteristics among similar or related organisms. And the definition of a plant is any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae characteristically producing embryos, containing chloroplasts, having cell walls which contain cellulose, and lacking the power of locomotion. Although there has been a revolution in the biological sciences in the past twenty years, there is still a great deal that remains to be discovered. The completion of the sequencing of the genomes of rice and some agriculturally and scientifically important plants (for example Physcomitrella patens) has increased the possibilities of plant genetic research immeasurably.

text: Plant

text: genetics

text: is

text: very

text: broad

text: term

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: facets

text: of

text: genetics

text: in

text: general

text: and

text: of

text: course

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: facets

text: to

text: plants

text: The

text: definition

text: of

text: genetics

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: biology

text: that

text: deals

text: with

text: heredity

text: especially

text: the

text: mechanisms

text: of

text: hereditary

text: transmission

text: and

text: the

text: variation

text: of

text: inherited

text: characteristics

text: among

text: similar

text: or

text: related

text: organisms

text: And

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: plant

text: is

text: any

text: of

text: various

text: photosynthetic

text: eukaryotic

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Plantae

text: characteristically

text: producing

text: embryos

text: containing

text: chloroplasts

text: having

text: cell

text: walls

text: which

text: contain

text: cellulose

text: and

text: lacking

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: locomotion

text: Although

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: revolution

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: sciences

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: twenty

text: years

text: there

text: is

text: still

text: great

text: deal

text: that

text: remains

text: to

text: be

text: discovered

text: The

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: sequencing

text: of

text: the

text: genomes

text: of

text: rice

text: and

text: some

text: agriculturally

text: and

text: scientifically

text: important

text: plants

text: for

text: example

text: Physcomitrella

text: patens

text: has

text: increased

text: the

text: possibilities

text: of

text: plant

text: genetic

text: research

text: immeasurably

text:
A cultigen (from the Latin "cultus"  cultivated, and "gens"  kind) is a plant that has been deliberately altered or selected by humans; it is the result of artificial selection. These "man-made" or anthropogenic plants are, for the most part, plants of commerce that are used in horticulture, agriculture and forestry. Because cultigens are defined by their mode of origin and not by where they are growing, plants meeting this definition remain cultigens whether they are naturalised in the wild, deliberately planted in the wild, or growing in cultivation.
Cultigens arise in the following ways: selections of variants from the wild or cultivation including vegetative sports (aberrant growth that can be reproduced reliably in cultivation); plants that are the result of plant breeding and selection programs; genetically modified plants (plants modified by the deliberate implantation of genetic material); and graft-chimaeras (plants grafted to produce mixed tissue, the graft material possibly from wild plants, special selections, or hybrids).

text: cultigen

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: cultus

text: cultivated

text: and

text: gens

text: kind

text: is

text: plant

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: deliberately

text: altered

text: or

text: selected

text: by

text: humans

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: artificial

text: selection

text: These

text: man

text: made

text: or

text: anthropogenic

text: plants

text: are

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: plants

text: of

text: commerce

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: horticulture

text: agriculture

text: and

text: forestry

text: Because

text: cultigens

text: are

text: defined

text: by

text: their

text: mode

text: of

text: origin

text: and

text: not

text: by

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: growing

text: plants

text: meeting

text: this

text: definition

text: remain

text: cultigens

text: whether

text: they

text: are

text: naturalised

text: in

text: the

text: wild

text: deliberately

text: planted

text: in

text: the

text: wild

text: or

text: growing

text: in

text: cultivation

text: Cultigens

text: arise

text: in

text: the

text: following

text: ways

text: selections

text: of

text: variants

text: from

text: the

text: wild

text: or

text: cultivation

text: including

text: vegetative

text: sports

text: aberrant

text: growth

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: reproduced

text: reliably

text: in

text: cultivation

text: plants

text: that

text: are

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: plant

text: breeding

text: and

text: selection

text: programs

text: genetically

text: modified

text: plants

text: plants

text: modified

text: by

text: the

text: deliberate

text: implantation

text: of

text: genetic

text: material

text: and

text: graft

text: chimaeras

text: plants

text: grafted

text: to

text: produce

text: mixed

text: tissue

text: the

text: graft

text: material

text: possibly

text: from

text: wild

text: plants

text: special

text: selections

text: or

text: hybrids

text: The sheep ("Ovis aries") is a quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock. Like all ruminants, sheep are members of the order Artiodactyla, the even-toed ungulates. Although the name "sheep" applies to many species in the genus "Ovis", in everyday usage it almost always refers to "Ovis aries". Numbering a little over one billion, domestic sheep are also the most numerous species of sheep. An adult female sheep is referred to as a "ewe", an intact male as a "ram" or occasionally a "tup", a castrated male as a "wether", and a younger sheep as a "lamb".

text: The

text: sheep

text: Ovis

text: aries

text: is

text: quadrupedal

text: ruminant

text: mammal

text: typically

text: kept

text: as

text: livestock

text: Like

text: all

text: ruminants

text: sheep

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Artiodactyla

text: the

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: Although

text: the

text: name

text: sheep

text: applies

text: to

text: many

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Ovis

text: in

text: everyday

text: usage

text: it

text: almost

text: always

text: refers

text: to

text: Ovis

text: aries

text: Numbering

text: little

text: over

text: one

text: billion

text: domestic

text: sheep

text: are

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: numerous

text: species

text: of

text: sheep

text: An

text: adult

text: female

text: sheep

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: ewe

text: an

text: intact

text: male

text: as

text: ram

text: or

text: occasionally

text: tup

text: castrated

text: male

text: as

text: wether

text: and

text: younger

text: sheep

text: as

text: lamb

text: A breeder is a person who selectively breeds carefully selected mates, normally of the same breed to sexually reproduce offspring with specific, consistently replicable qualities and characteristics. This might be as a farmer, agriculturalist, or hobbyist, and can be practiced on a large or small scale, for food, fun, or profit.

text: breeder

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: selectively

text: breeds

text: carefully

text: selected

text: mates

text: normally

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: breed

text: to

text: sexually

text: reproduce

text: offspring

text: with

text: specific

text: consistently

text: replicable

text: qualities

text: and

text: characteristics

text: This

text: might

text: be

text: as

text: farmer

text: agriculturalist

text: or

text: hobbyist

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: practiced

text: on

text: large

text: or

text: small

text: scale

text: for

text: food

text: fun

text: or

text: profit

text: Ecology (from , "house", or "environment"; -, "study of") is the scientific analysis and study of interactions among organisms and their environment. It is an interdisciplinary field that includes biology, geography, and Earth science. Ecology includes the study of interactions organisms have with each other, other organisms, and with abiotic components of their environment. Topics of interest to ecologists include the diversity, distribution, amount (biomass), and number (population) of particular organisms, as well as cooperation and competition between organisms, both within and among ecosystems. Ecosystems are composed of dynamically interacting parts including organisms, the communities they make up, and the non-living components of their environment. Ecosystem processes, such as primary production, pedogenesis, nutrient cycling, and various niche construction activities, regulate the flux of energy and matter through an environment. These processes are sustained by organisms with specific life history traits, and the variety of organisms is called biodiversity. Biodiversity, which refers to the varieties of species, genes, and ecosystems, enhances certain ecosystem services.

text: Ecology

text: from

text: house

text: or

text: environment

text: study

text: of

text: is

text: the

text: scientific

text: analysis

text: and

text: study

text: of

text: interactions

text: among

text: organisms

text: and

text: their

text: environment

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: interdisciplinary

text: field

text: that

text: includes

text: biology

text: geography

text: and

text: Earth

text: science

text: Ecology

text: includes

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: interactions

text: organisms

text: have

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: other

text: organisms

text: and

text: with

text: abiotic

text: components

text: of

text: their

text: environment

text: Topics

text: of

text: interest

text: to

text: ecologists

text: include

text: the

text: diversity

text: distribution

text: amount

text: biomass

text: and

text: number

text: population

text: of

text: particular

text: organisms

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: cooperation

text: and

text: competition

text: between

text: organisms

text: both

text: within

text: and

text: among

text: ecosystems

text: Ecosystems

text: are

text: composed

text: of

text: dynamically

text: interacting

text: parts

text: including

text: organisms

text: the

text: communities

text: they

text: make

text: up

text: and

text: the

text: non

text: living

text: components

text: of

text: their

text: environment

text: Ecosystem

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: primary

text: production

text: pedogenesis

text: nutrient

text: cycling

text: and

text: various

text: niche

text: construction

text: activities

text: regulate

text: the

text: flux

text: of

text: energy

text: and

text: matter

text: through

text: an

text: environment

text: These

text: processes

text: are

text: sustained

text: by

text: organisms

text: with

text: specific

text: life

text: history

text: traits

text: and

text: the

text: variety

text: of

text: organisms

text: is

text: called

text: biodiversity

text: Biodiversity

text: which

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: varieties

text: of

text: species

text: genes

text: and

text: ecosystems

text: enhances

text: certain

text: ecosystem

text: services

text: Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce commodities such as food, fiber, and labor. The term is often used to refer solely to those raised for food, and sometimes only farmed ruminants, such as cattle and goats. In recent years, some organizations have also raised livestock to promote the survival of rare breeds. The breeding, maintenance, and slaughter of these animals, known as animal husbandry, is a component of modern agriculture that has been practiced in many cultures since humanity's transition to farming from hunter-gatherer lifestyles.

text: Livestock

text: are

text: domesticated

text: animals

text: raised

text: in

text: an

text: agricultural

text: setting

text: to

text: produce

text: commodities

text: such

text: as

text: food

text: fiber

text: and

text: labor

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: solely

text: to

text: those

text: raised

text: for

text: food

text: and

text: sometimes

text: only

text: farmed

text: ruminants

text: such

text: as

text: cattle

text: and

text: goats

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: some

text: organizations

text: have

text: also

text: raised

text: livestock

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: survival

text: of

text: rare

text: breeds

text: The

text: breeding

text: maintenance

text: and

text: slaughter

text: of

text: these

text: animals

text: known

text: as

text: animal

text: husbandry

text: is

text: component

text: of

text: modern

text: agriculture

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: practiced

text: in

text: many

text: cultures

text: since

text: humanity

text: 's

text: transition

text: to

text: farming

text: from

text: hunter

text: gatherer

text: lifestyles

text: Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the evaluation (using best linear unbiased prediction and other methods) of the genetic value (estimated breeding value, EBV) of livestock. Selecting for breeding animals with superior EBV in growth rate, egg, meat, milk, or wool production, or with other desirable traits has revolutionized livestock production throughout the world. The scientific theory of animal breeding incorporates population genetics, quantitative genetics, statistics, and recently molecular genomics and is based on the pioneering work of Sewall Wright, Jay Lush, and Charles Henderson.

text: Animal

text: breeding

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: animal

text: science

text: that

text: addresses

text: the

text: evaluation

text: using

text: best

text: linear

text: unbiased

text: prediction

text: and

text: other

text: methods

text: of

text: the

text: genetic

text: value

text: estimated

text: breeding

text: value

text: EBV

text: of

text: livestock

text: Selecting

text: for

text: breeding

text: animals

text: with

text: superior

text: EBV

text: in

text: growth

text: rate

text: egg

text: meat

text: milk

text: or

text: wool

text: production

text: or

text: with

text: other

text: desirable

text: traits

text: has

text: revolutionized

text: livestock

text: production

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: scientific

text: theory

text: of

text: animal

text: breeding

text: incorporates

text: population

text: genetics

text: quantitative

text: genetics

text: statistics

text: and

text: recently

text: molecular

text: genomics

text: and

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: pioneering

text: work

text: of

text: Sewall

text: Wright

text: Jay

text: Lush

text: and

text: Charles

text: Henderson

text: Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural methodology.

text: Agriculture

text: is

text: the

text: cultivation

text: and

text: breeding

text: of

text: animals

text: plants

text: and

text: fungi

text: for

text: food

text: fiber

text: biofuel

text: medicinal

text: plants

text: and

text: other

text: products

text: used

text: to

text: sustain

text: and

text: enhance

text: human

text: life

text: Agriculture

text: was

text: the

text: key

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: sedentary

text: human

text: civilization

text: whereby

text: farming

text: of

text: domesticated

text: species

text: created

text: food

text: surpluses

text: that

text: nurtured

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: civilization

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: agriculture

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: agricultural

text: science

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: agriculture

text: dates

text: back

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: development

text: has

text: been

text: driven

text: and

text: defined

text: by

text: greatly

text: different

text: climates

text: cultures

text: and

text: technologies

text: Industrial

text: agriculture

text: based

text: on

text: large

text: scale

text: monoculture

text: farming

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: agricultural

text: methodology

text: Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification and taxonomy. Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of many branches and subdisciplines. However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain general and unifying concepts within it that govern all study and research, consolidating it into single, coherent field. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the synthesis and creation of new species. It is also understood today that all the organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition known as homeostasis.

text: Biology

text: is

text: natural

text: science

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: living

text: organisms

text: including

text: their

text: structure

text: function

text: growth

text: evolution

text: distribution

text: identification

text: and

text: taxonomy

text: Modern

text: biology

text: is

text: vast

text: and

text: eclectic

text: field

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: branches

text: and

text: subdisciplines

text: However

text: despite

text: the

text: broad

text: scope

text: of

text: biology

text: there

text: are

text: certain

text: general

text: and

text: unifying

text: concepts

text: within

text: it

text: that

text: govern

text: all

text: study

text: and

text: research

text: consolidating

text: it

text: into

text: single

text: coherent

text: field

text: In

text: general

text: biology

text: recognizes

text: the

text: cell

text: as

text: the

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: life

text: genes

text: as

text: the

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: heredity

text: and

text: evolution

text: as

text: the

text: engine

text: that

text: propels

text: the

text: synthesis

text: and

text: creation

text: of

text: new

text: species

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: understood

text: today

text: that

text: all

text: the

text: organisms

text: survive

text: by

text: consuming

text: and

text: transforming

text: energy

text: and

text: by

text: regulating

text: their

text: internal

text: environment

text: to

text: maintain

text: stable

text: and

text: vital

text: condition

text: known

text: as

text: homeostasis

text: Ovis is a genus of mammals, part of the goat-antelope subfamily of the ruminant family Bovidae. Its five or more highly sociable species are known as sheep. The domestic sheep is one member of the genus, and is thought to be descended from the wild mouflon of central and southwest Asia.

text: Ovis

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: mammals

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: goat

text: antelope

text: subfamily

text: of

text: the

text: ruminant

text: family

text: Bovidae

text: Its

text: five

text: or

text: more

text: highly

text: sociable

text: species

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: sheep

text: The

text: domestic

text: sheep

text: is

text: one

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: and

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: wild

text: mouflon

text: of

text: central

text: and

text: southwest

text: Asia

text: Robert Bakewell ( 23 May 1725 -- 1 October 1795 ) was a British agriculturalist , now recognized as one of the most important figures in the British Agricultural Revolution . In addition to work in agronomy , Bakewell is particularly notable as the first to implement systematic selective breeding of livestock . His advancements not only led to specific improvements in sheep , cattle and horses , but contributed to general knowledge of artificial selection .

text: Robert

text: Bakewell

text: May

text: October

text: was

text: British

text: agriculturalist

text: now

text: recognized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: figures

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Agricultural

text: Revolution

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: agronomy

text: Bakewell

text: is

text: particularly

text: notable

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: implement

text: systematic

text: selective

text: breeding

text: of

text: livestock

text: His

text: advancements

text: not

text: only

text: led

text: to

text: specific

text: improvements

text: in

text: sheep

text: cattle

text: and

text: horses

text: but

text: contributed

text: to

text: general

text: knowledge

text: of

text: artificial

text: selection

text: Economics (, ) is a social science concerned with the factors that determine the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term "economics" comes from the Ancient Greek from (', pronounced "eekos", "house") and (', "custom" or "law"), hence "rules of the house (hold for good management)". 'Political economy' was the earlier name for the subject, but economists in the late 19th century suggested "economics" as a shorter term for "economic science" to establish itself as a separate discipline outside of political science and other social sciences.

text: Economics

text: is

text: social

text: science

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: factors

text: that

text: determine

text: the

text: production

text: distribution

text: and

text: consumption

text: of

text: goods

text: and

text: services

text: The

text: term

text: economics

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: from

text: pronounced

text: eekos

text: house

text: and

text: custom

text: or

text: law

text: hence

text: rules

text: of

text: the

text: house

text: hold

text: for

text: good

text: management

text: Political

text: economy

text: was

text: the

text: earlier

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: subject

text: but

text: economists

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: suggested

text: economics

text: as

text: shorter

text: term

text: for

text: economic

text: science

text: to

text: establish

text: itself

text: as

text: separate

text: discipline

text: outside

text: of

text: political

text: science

text: and

text: other

text: social

text: sciences

text: Animal husbandry is the management and care of farm animals by human beings, in which genetic qualities and behavior, considered to be advantageous to humans, are further developed. The term can refer to the practice of selectively breeding and raising livestock to promote desirable traits in animals for utility, sport, pleasure, or research.

text: Animal

text: husbandry

text: is

text: the

text: management

text: and

text: care

text: of

text: farm

text: animals

text: by

text: human

text: beings

text: in

text: which

text: genetic

text: qualities

text: and

text: behavior

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: advantageous

text: to

text: humans

text: are

text: further

text: developed

text: The

text: term

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: selectively

text: breeding

text: and

text: raising

text: livestock

text: to

text: promote

text: desirable

text: traits

text: in

text: animals

text: for

text: utility

text: sport

text: pleasure

text: or

text: research

text: Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. Closely related fields include plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics and molecular biology.

text: Plant

text: physiology

text: is

text: subdiscipline

text: of

text: botany

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: functioning

text: or

text: physiology

text: of

text: plants

text: Closely

text: related

text: fields

text: include

text: plant

text: morphology

text: structure

text: of

text: plants

text: plant

text: ecology

text: interactions

text: with

text: the

text: environment

text: phytochemistry

text: biochemistry

text: of

text: plants

text: cell

text: biology

text: genetics

text: biophysics

text: and

text: molecular

text: biology

text: A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.

text: hunter

text: gatherer

text: is

text: human

text: living

text: in

text: society

text: in

text: which

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: food

text: is

text: obtained

text: by

text: foraging

text: collecting

text: wild

text: plants

text: and

text: pursuing

text: wild

text: animals

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: agricultural

text: societies

text: which

text: rely

text: mainly

text: on

text: domesticated

text: species

annotations: likely multiple

question: occupation robert bakewell

answer: farmer

text: farmer