text: Riders of the Purple Sage is a Western novel by Zane Grey, first published by Harper & Brothers in 1912. Considered by many critics to have played a significant role in shaping the formula of the popular Western genre, the novel has been called "the most popular western novel of all time."

text: Riders

text: of

text: the

text: Purple

text: Sage

text: is

text: Western

text: novel

text: by

text: Zane

text: Grey

text: first

text: published

text: by

text: Harper

text: Brothers

text: in

text: Considered

text: by

text: many

text: critics

text: to

text: have

text: played

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: shaping

text: the

text: formula

text: of

text: the

text: popular

text: Western

text: genre

text: the

text: novel

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: western

text: novel

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Western fiction is a genre of literature set in the American Old West frontier and typically set from the late eighteenth to the late nineteenth century. Well-known writers of Western fiction include Zane Grey from the early 20th century and Louis L'Amour from the mid 20th century. The genre peaked around the early 1960s, largely due to the popularity of televised Westerns such as "Bonanza". Readership began to drop off in the mid- to late 1970s and has reached a new low in the 2000s. Most bookstores, outside of a few west American states, only carry a small number of Western fiction books.

text: Western

text: fiction

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: literature

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Old

text: West

text: frontier

text: and

text: typically

text: set

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: eighteenth

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Well

text: known

text: writers

text: of

text: Western

text: fiction

text: include

text: Zane

text: Grey

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: and

text: Louis

text: L'Amour

text: from

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: The

text: genre

text: peaked

text: around

text: the

text: early

text: largely

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: televised

text: Westerns

text: such

text: as

text: Bonanza

text: Readership

text: began

text: to

text: drop

text: off

text: in

text: the

text: mid-

text: to

text: late

text: and

text: has

text: reached

text: new

text: low

text: in

text: the

text: Most

text: bookstores

text: outside

text: of

text: few

text: west

text: American

text: states

text: only

text: carry

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: Western

text: fiction

text: books

text: Montana is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place". Montana has a border with three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the only state to do so. It also borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and Idaho to the west and southwest. Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains. The eastern half of Montana is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands.

text: Montana

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Spanish

text: word

text: mountain

text: Montana

text: has

text: several

text: nicknames

text: although

text: official

text: including

text: Big

text: Sky

text: Country

text: and

text: The

text: Treasure

text: State

text: and

text: slogans

text: that

text: include

text: Land

text: of

text: the

text: Shining

text: Mountains

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: The

text: Last

text: Best

text: Place

text: Montana

text: has

text: border

text: with

text: three

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Alberta

text: and

text: Saskatchewan

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: It

text: also

text: borders

text: North

text: Dakota

text: and

text: South

text: Dakota

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Wyoming

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Idaho

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: Montana

text: is

text: ranked

text: in

text: size

text: but

text: in

text: population

text: and

text: in

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: western

text: third

text: of

text: Montana

text: contains

text: numerous

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: Smaller

text: island

text: ranges

text: are

text: found

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: In

text: total

text: named

text: ranges

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: The

text: eastern

text: half

text: of

text: Montana

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: western

text: prairie

text: terrain

text: and

text: badlands

text: Pearl Zane Grey (January 31, 1872  October 23, 1939) was an American dentist and author best known for his popular adventure novels and stories associated with the Western genre in literature and the arts; he idealized the American frontier. "Riders of the Purple Sage" (1912) was his best-selling book. In addition to the commercial success of his printed works, they had second lives and continuing influence when adapted as films and television productions. His novels and short stories have been adapted into 112 films, two television episodes, and a television series, "Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater".

text: Pearl

text: Zane

text: Grey

text: January

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: dentist

text: and

text: author

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: popular

text: adventure

text: novels

text: and

text: stories

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Western

text: genre

text: in

text: literature

text: and

text: the

text: arts

text: he

text: idealized

text: the

text: American

text: frontier

text: Riders

text: of

text: the

text: Purple

text: Sage

text: was

text: his

text: best

text: selling

text: book

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: commercial

text: success

text: of

text: his

text: printed

text: works

text: they

text: had

text: second

text: lives

text: and

text: continuing

text: influence

text: when

text: adapted

text: as

text: films

text: and

text: television

text: productions

text: His

text: novels

text: and

text: short

text: stories

text: have

text: been

text: adapted

text: into

text: films

text: two

text: television

text: episodes

text: and

text: television

text: series

text: Dick

text: Powell

text: 's

text: Zane

text: Grey

text: Theater

text: Colorado is a state in the United States encompassing most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, and the Mountain States. Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,456,574 on July 1, 2015, an increase of 8.50% since the 2010 United States Census.

text: Colorado

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: encompassing

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: northeastern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Colorado

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: Colorado

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Southwestern

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Mountain

text: States

text: Colorado

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: estimates

text: that

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Colorado

text: was

text: on

text: July

text: an

text: increase

text: of

text: since

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: The Virginian ( otherwise titled The Virginian : A Horseman of the Plains ) is a 1902 novel set in the Wild West by the American author Owen Wister . It describes the life of a cowboy on a cattle ranch in Wyoming and was the first true western ever written , aside from short stories and pulp dime novels . The Virginian paved the way for many more westerns by such authors as Zane Grey , Louis L'Amour , and several others .

text: The

text: Virginian

text: otherwise

text: titled

text: The

text: Virginian

text: Horseman

text: of

text: the

text: Plains

text: is

text: novel

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: Wild

text: West

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: author

text: Owen

text: Wister

text: It

text: describes

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: cowboy

text: on

text: cattle

text: ranch

text: in

text: Wyoming

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: true

text: western

text: ever

text: written

text: aside

text: from

text: short

text: stories

text: and

text: pulp

text: dime

text: novels

text: The

text: Virginian

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: many

text: more

text: westerns

text: by

text: such

text: authors

text: as

text: Zane

text: Grey

text: Louis

text: L'Amour

text: and

text: several

text: others

text: The American Frontier comprises the geography, history, folklore, and cultural expression of life in the forward wave of American expansion that began with English colonial settlements in the early 18th century and ended with the admission of the last mainland territories as states in 1912. "Frontier" refers to a contrasting region at the edge of a European-American line of settlement. American historians cover multiple frontiers but the folklore is focused primarily on the 19th century west of the Mississippi River. Enormous popular attention in the media focuses on the Western United States in the second half of the 19th century, a period sometimes called the Old West, or the Wild West, frequently exaggerating the romance and violence of the period.

text: The

text: American

text: Frontier

text: comprises

text: the

text: geography

text: history

text: folklore

text: and

text: cultural

text: expression

text: of

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: forward

text: wave

text: of

text: American

text: expansion

text: that

text: began

text: with

text: English

text: colonial

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: and

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: admission

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: mainland

text: territories

text: as

text: states

text: in

text: Frontier

text: refers

text: to

text: contrasting

text: region

text: at

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: European

text: American

text: line

text: of

text: settlement

text: American

text: historians

text: cover

text: multiple

text: frontiers

text: but

text: the

text: folklore

text: is

text: focused

text: primarily

text: on

text: the

text: century

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: Enormous

text: popular

text: attention

text: in

text: the

text: media

text: focuses

text: on

text: the

text: Western

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: period

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Old

text: West

text: or

text: the

text: Wild

text: West

text: frequently

text: exaggerating

text: the

text: romance

text: and

text: violence

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States. The state is the tenth largest by area, the least populous and the second least densely populated state in the country. Wyoming is bordered on the north by Montana, on the east by South Dakota and Nebraska, on the south by Colorado, on the southwest by Utah, and on the west by Idaho. Cheyenne is the capital and the most populous city in Wyoming, with a population estimate of 63,335 in 2015. The state population was estimated at 586,107 in 2015, which is less than the population of 31 of the largest U.S. cities.

text: Wyoming

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: mountain

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: least

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: least

text: densely

text: populated

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Wyoming

text: is

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Montana

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: South

text: Dakota

text: and

text: Nebraska

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Colorado

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: Utah

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Idaho

text: Cheyenne

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Wyoming

text: with

text: population

text: estimate

text: of

text: in

text: The

text: state

text: population

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: in

text: which

text: is

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: U.S.

text: cities

text: Owen Wister (July 14, 1860  July 21, 1938) was an American writer and "father" of western fiction. He is best remembered for writing "The Virginian", although he never wrote about the West afterwards.

text: Owen

text: Wister

text: July

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: writer

text: and

text: father

text: of

text: western

text: fiction

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: remembered

text: for

text: writing

text: The

text: Virginian

text: although

text: he

text: never

text: wrote

text: about

text: the

text: West

text: afterwards

text: The Walking Drum is a novel by the American author Louis L'Amour. Unlike most of his other novels (whose number exceeds 100), "The Walking Drum" is not set in the frontier era of the American West, but rather is an historical novel set in the Middle Ages12th century Europe and the Middle East.

text: The

text: Walking

text: Drum

text: is

text: novel

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: author

text: Louis

text: L'Amour

text: Unlike

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: other

text: novels

text: whose

text: number

text: exceeds

text: The

text: Walking

text: Drum

text: is

text: not

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: frontier

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: West

text: but

text: rather

text: is

text: an

text: historical

text: novel

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: century

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Utah (or ) is a state in the western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4, 1896. Utah is the 13th-largest by area, 31st-most-populous, and 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Utah has a population of more than 3 million (Census estimate for July 1, 2016), approximately 80% of whom live along the Wasatch Front, centering on the state capital Salt Lake City. Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast.

text: Utah

text: or

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: became

text: the

text: state

text: admitted

text: to

text: the

text: U.S.

text: on

text: January

text: Utah

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: by

text: area

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: least

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Utah

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: Census

text: estimate

text: for

text: July

text: approximately

text: of

text: whom

text: live

text: along

text: the

text: Wasatch

text: Front

text: centering

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Salt

text: Lake

text: City

text: Utah

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Colorado

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Wyoming

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Idaho

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Arizona

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Nevada

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: It

text: also

text: touches

text: corner

text: of

text: New

text: Mexico

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: Louis Dearborn L'Amour (22 March 1908  10 June 1988) was an American novelist and short story writer. His books consisted primarily of Western novels (though he called his work 'frontier stories'); however, he also wrote historical fiction ("The Walking Drum"), science fiction ("The Haunted Mesa"), non-fiction ("Frontier"), as well as poetry and short-story collections. Many of his stories were made into film. John Wayne once said he was the most interesting man in the world. L'Amour's books remain popular and most have gone through multiple printings. At the time of his death almost all of his 105 existing works (89 novels, 14 short-story collections, and two full-length works of nonfiction) were still in print, and he was considered "one of the world's most popular writers".

text: Louis

text: Dearborn

text: L'Amour

text: March

text: June

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: novelist

text: and

text: short

text: story

text: writer

text: His

text: books

text: consisted

text: primarily

text: of

text: Western

text: novels

text: though

text: he

text: called

text: his

text: work

text: frontier

text: stories

text: however

text: he

text: also

text: wrote

text: historical

text: fiction

text: The

text: Walking

text: Drum

text: science

text: fiction

text: The

text: Haunted

text: Mesa

text: non

text: fiction

text: Frontier

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: poetry

text: and

text: short

text: story

text: collections

text: Many

text: of

text: his

text: stories

text: were

text: made

text: into

text: film

text: John

text: Wayne

text: once

text: said

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: interesting

text: man

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: L'Amour

text: 's

text: books

text: remain

text: popular

text: and

text: most

text: have

text: gone

text: through

text: multiple

text: printings

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: existing

text: works

text: novels

text: short

text: story

text: collections

text: and

text: two

text: full

text: length

text: works

text: of

text: nonfiction

text: were

text: still

text: in

text: print

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: popular

text: writers

question: genre the virginian

answer: western novel

text: western novel

text: western novel


text: The Xerinae comprise a subfamily of squirrels , many of which are highly terrestrial . It includes the tribes Marmotini ( marmots , chipmunks , prairie dogs , and other Holarctic ground squirrels ) , Xerini ( African and some Eurasian ground squirrels ) , and Protoxerini ( African tree squirrels ) .

text: The

text: Xerinae

text: comprise

text: subfamily

text: of

text: squirrels

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: highly

text: terrestrial

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: tribes

text: Marmotini

text: marmots

text: chipmunks

text: prairie

text: dogs

text: and

text: other

text: Holarctic

text: ground

text: squirrels

text: Xerini

text: African

text: and

text: some

text: Eurasian

text: ground

text: squirrels

text: and

text: Protoxerini

text: African

text: tree

text: squirrels

text: The Holarctic is the name for the biogeographic realm that encompasses the majority of habitats found throughout the northern continents of the world, combining Wallace's Palearctic zoogeographical region, consisting of North Africa and all of Eurasia (with the exception of the southern Arabian Peninsula, Southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent), and the Nearctic zoogeographical region, consisting of North America north of Southern Mexico. These regions are further subdivided into a variety of ecoregions. Many ecosystems, and the animal and plant communities that depend on them, are found across multiple continents in large portions of this realm. The continuity of these ecosystems results from the shared glacial history of the realm. The floristic Boreal Kingdom corresponds to the Holarctic realm.

text: The

text: Holarctic

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: biogeographic

text: realm

text: that

text: encompasses

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: habitats

text: found

text: throughout

text: the

text: northern

text: continents

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: combining

text: Wallace

text: 's

text: Palearctic

text: zoogeographical

text: region

text: consisting

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: and

text: the

text: Nearctic

text: zoogeographical

text: region

text: consisting

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: north

text: of

text: Southern

text: Mexico

text: These

text: regions

text: are

text: further

text: subdivided

text: into

text: variety

text: of

text: ecoregions

text: Many

text: ecosystems

text: and

text: the

text: animal

text: and

text: plant

text: communities

text: that

text: depend

text: on

text: them

text: are

text: found

text: across

text: multiple

text: continents

text: in

text: large

text: portions

text: of

text: this

text: realm

text: The

text: continuity

text: of

text: these

text: ecosystems

text: results

text: from

text: the

text: shared

text: glacial

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: realm

text: The

text: floristic

text: Boreal

text: Kingdom

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: Holarctic

text: realm

text: Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.

text: Mexico

text: modern

text: Nahuatl

text: officially

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Guatemala

text: Belize

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Covering

text: almost

text: two

text: million

text: square

text: kilometers

text: over

text: sq

text: mi

text: Mexico

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: Mexico

text: is

text: federation

text: comprising

text: states

text: and

text: federal

text: district

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Guadalajara

text: Monterrey

text: Puebla

text: Toluca

text: Tijuana

text: and

text: León

text: The long-clawed ground squirrel ("Spermophilopsis leptodactylus") is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is monotypic within the genus Spermophilopsis. It can be found in Afghanistan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

text: The

text: long

text: clawed

text: ground

text: squirrel

text: Spermophilopsis

text: leptodactylus

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: rodent

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Sciuridae

text: It

text: is

text: monotypic

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: Spermophilopsis

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: Iran

text: Kazakhstan

text: Tajikistan

text: Turkmenistan

text: and

text: Uzbekistan

text: The Protoxerini comprise a tribe of squirrels found in Africa. The 30 species in six genera are:

text: The

text: Protoxerini

text: comprise

text: tribe

text: of

text: squirrels

text: found

text: in

text: Africa

text: The

text: species

text: in

text: six

text: genera

text: are

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: The Barbary ground squirrel ("Atlantoxerus getulus") is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is monotypic within the genus "Atlantoxerus". It is endemic to Western Sahara, Algeria and Morocco and has been introduced into the Canary Islands. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, temperate grassland and rocky areas where it lives colonially in burrows. It was first described by Linnaeus in 1758.

text: The

text: Barbary

text: ground

text: squirrel

text: Atlantoxerus

text: getulus

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: rodent

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Sciuridae

text: It

text: is

text: monotypic

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: Atlantoxerus

text: It

text: is

text: endemic

text: to

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: Algeria

text: and

text: Morocco

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: introduced

text: into

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: Its

text: natural

text: habitats

text: are

text: subtropical

text: or

text: tropical

text: dry

text: shrubland

text: temperate

text: grassland

text: and

text: rocky

text: areas

text: where

text: it

text: lives

text: colonially

text: in

text: burrows

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: described

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: in

text: Xerini is a tribe of ground squirrels occurring in Africa and Asia. With the tribes Marmotini (Holarctic ground squirrels) and Protoxerini (African tree squirrels), they form the subfamily Xerinae. There are three living genera"Xerus", the African ground squirrels; "Atlantoxerus", containing the living Barbary ground squirrel of North Africa and some extinct species; and "Spermophilopsis", containing the long-clawed ground squirrel of Central Asia.

text: Xerini

text: is

text: tribe

text: of

text: ground

text: squirrels

text: occurring

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: With

text: the

text: tribes

text: Marmotini

text: Holarctic

text: ground

text: squirrels

text: and

text: Protoxerini

text: African

text: tree

text: squirrels

text: they

text: form

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Xerinae

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: living

text: genera"Xerus

text: the

text: African

text: ground

text: squirrels

text: Atlantoxerus

text: containing

text: the

text: living

text: Barbary

text: ground

text: squirrel

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: some

text: extinct

text: species

text: and

text: Spermophilopsis

text: containing

text: the

text: long

text: clawed

text: ground

text: squirrel

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: Squirrels are members of the family Sciuridae, a family that includes small or medium-size rodents. The squirrel family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including woodchucks), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs amongst other rodents. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and were introduced by humans to Australia. The earliest known squirrels date from the Eocene period and are most closely related to the mountain beaver and to the dormouse among other living rodent families.

text: Squirrels

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Sciuridae

text: family

text: that

text: includes

text: small

text: or

text: medium

text: size

text: rodents

text: The

text: squirrel

text: family

text: includes

text: tree

text: squirrels

text: ground

text: squirrels

text: chipmunks

text: marmots

text: including

text: woodchucks

text: flying

text: squirrels

text: and

text: prairie

text: dogs

text: amongst

text: other

text: rodents

text: Squirrels

text: are

text: indigenous

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: Eurasia

text: and

text: Africa

text: and

text: were

text: introduced

text: by

text: humans

text: to

text: Australia

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: squirrels

text: date

text: from

text: the

text: Eocene

text: period

text: and

text: are

text: most

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: mountain

text: beaver

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: dormouse

text: among

text: other

text: living

text: rodent

text: families

annotations: follows multiple

question: parent_taxon xerinae

answer: sciuridae

text: sciuridae

text: sciuridae

text: sciuridae


text: New Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and east of Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Chesterfield Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of Pines, and a few remote islets. The Chesterfield Islands are in the Coral Sea. Locals refer to Grande Terre as "" ("the pebble").

text: New

text: Caledonia

text: is

text: special

text: collectivity

text: of

text: France

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: east

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: east

text: of

text: Metropolitan

text: France

text: The

text: archipelago

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Melanesia

text: subregion

text: includes

text: the

text: main

text: island

text: of

text: Grande

text: Terre

text: the

text: Loyalty

text: Islands

text: the

text: Chesterfield

text: Islands

text: the

text: Belep

text: archipelago

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Pines

text: and

text: few

text: remote

text: islets

text: The

text: Chesterfield

text: Islands

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: Coral

text: Sea

text: Locals

text: refer

text: to

text: Grande

text: Terre

text: as

text: the

text: pebble

text: Vanuatu (or ; Bislama ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (Bislama: "Ripablik blong Vanuatu"), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of the Solomon Islands, and west of Fiji.

text: Vanuatu

text: or

text: Bislama

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vanuatu

text: Bislama

text: Ripablik

text: blong

text: Vanuatu

text: is

text: Pacific

text: island

text: nation

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: The

text: archipelago

text: which

text: is

text: of

text: volcanic

text: origin

text: is

text: some

text: east

text: of

text: northern

text: Australia

text: northeast

text: of

text: New

text: Caledonia

text: east

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Fiji

text: Solomon Islands is a sovereign country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of . The country's capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The country takes its name from the Solomon Islands archipelago, which is a collection of Melanesian islands that also includes the North Solomon Islands (part of Papua New Guinea), but excludes outlying islands, such as Rennell and Bellona, and the Santa Cruz Islands.

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: consisting

text: of

text: six

text: major

text: islands

text: and

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: in

text: Oceania

text: lying

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: and

text: northwest

text: of

text: Vanuatu

text: and

text: covering

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: Honiara

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Guadalcanal

text: The

text: country

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: archipelago

text: which

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: Melanesian

text: islands

text: that

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: North

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: part

text: of

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: but

text: excludes

text: outlying

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: Rennell

text: and

text: Bellona

text: and

text: the

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: Islands

text: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.

text: Australia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: continent

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: are

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: East

text: Timor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Australia

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Canberra

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: Sydney

text: Located on the isolated west coast of Espiritu Santo , Mount Tabwemasana is not only the highest peak in Vanuatu , but also one of the highest mountains in the Pacific . At 1,879 metres ( 6,165 ft ) , Tabwemasana towers above the surrounding mountains and provides fantastic views toward the Coral Sea in East . Tabwemasana actually consists of two peaks and local folklore believes that these two peaks ( male and female ) come together in embrace at night . Until the 1970s the village of Kerepua was located on the flanks of Tabwemasana , a full day 's walk to the coast through thick rainforest . However , in the late 1970s like many other mountain villages , Kerepua was relocated to the coast and now provides the launching pad for any summit attempt . Very few tourists climb Tabwemasana each year , with the number reaching the summit generally less than six persons per year . This is primarily due to the isolated location of the mountain and the physical difficulty of ascending the peak . Those wishing to climb Tabwemasana must first take a boat from the village of Tasiriki to Kerepua . From Kerepua you trek up a river before leaving the valley for a steep ascent up the mountain . Guides are required as the track is very difficult to follow .

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: isolated

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: Espiritu

text: Santo

text: Mount

text: Tabwemasana

text: is

text: not

text: only

text: the

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: Vanuatu

text: but

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: mountains

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: At

text: metres

text: ft

text: Tabwemasana

text: towers

text: above

text: the

text: surrounding

text: mountains

text: and

text: provides

text: fantastic

text: views

text: toward

text: the

text: Coral

text: Sea

text: in

text: East

text: Tabwemasana

text: actually

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: peaks

text: and

text: local

text: folklore

text: believes

text: that

text: these

text: two

text: peaks

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: come

text: together

text: in

text: embrace

text: at

text: night

text: Until

text: the

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Kerepua

text: was

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: flanks

text: of

text: Tabwemasana

text: full

text: day

text: 's

text: walk

text: to

text: the

text: coast

text: through

text: thick

text: rainforest

text: However

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: like

text: many

text: other

text: mountain

text: villages

text: Kerepua

text: was

text: relocated

text: to

text: the

text: coast

text: and

text: now

text: provides

text: the

text: launching

text: pad

text: for

text: any

text: summit

text: attempt

text: Very

text: few

text: tourists

text: climb

text: Tabwemasana

text: each

text: year

text: with

text: the

text: number

text: reaching

text: the

text: summit

text: generally

text: less

text: than

text: six

text: persons

text: per

text: year

text: This

text: is

text: primarily

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: isolated

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: mountain

text: and

text: the

text: physical

text: difficulty

text: of

text: ascending

text: the

text: peak

text: Those

text: wishing

text: to

text: climb

text: Tabwemasana

text: must

text: first

text: take

text: boat

text: from

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Tasiriki

text: to

text: Kerepua

text: From

text: Kerepua

text: you

text: trek

text: up

text: river

text: before

text: leaving

text: the

text: valley

text: for

text: steep

text: ascent

text: up

text: the

text: mountain

text: Guides

text: are

text: required

text: as

text: the

text: track

text: is

text: very

text: difficult

text: to

text: follow

question: continent mount tabwemasana

answer: oceania

text: oceania