text: Chicago (or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States, and the fifth-most populous city in North America. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, and the county seat of Cook County. The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the U.S.

text: Chicago

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: With

text: over

text: million

text: residents

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Illinois

text: and

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Cook

text: County

text: The

text: Chicago

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Chicagoland

text: has

text: nearly

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson (18381886), whose masterpiece is Trinity Church, Boston (18721877), designated a National Historic Landmark. Richardson first used elements of the style in his Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane in Buffalo, New York, designed in 1870.

text: Richardsonian

text: Romanesque

text: is

text: style

text: of

text: Romanesque

text: Revival

text: architecture

text: named

text: after

text: architect

text: Henry

text: Hobson

text: Richardson

text: whose

text: masterpiece

text: is

text: Trinity

text: Church

text: Boston

text: designated

text: National

text: Historic

text: Landmark

text: Richardson

text: first

text: used

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: style

text: in

text: his

text: Buffalo

text: State

text: Asylum

text: for

text: the

text: Insane

text: in

text: Buffalo

text: New

text: York

text: designed

text: in

text: An architect is someone who plans, designs, and reviews the construction of buildings. To "practice architecture" means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings, that have as their principal purpose human occupancy or use. Etymologically, "architect" derives from the Latin "architectus", which derives from the Greek " ("arkhi-", chief + "tekton", builder), i.e., chief builder.

text: An

text: architect

text: is

text: someone

text: who

text: plans

text: designs

text: and

text: reviews

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: buildings

text: To

text: practice

text: architecture

text: means

text: to

text: provide

text: services

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: buildings

text: and

text: the

text: space

text: within

text: the

text: site

text: surrounding

text: the

text: buildings

text: that

text: have

text: as

text: their

text: principal

text: purpose

text: human

text: occupancy

text: or

text: use

text: Etymologically

text: architect

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: architectus

text: which

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: arkhi-

text: chief

text: tekton

text: builder

text: i.e.

text: chief

text: builder

text: Louis Henry Sullivan ( September 3 , 1856 -- April 14 , 1924 ) was an American architect , and has been called the `` father of skyscrapers '' and `` father of modernism '' . He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper , was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School , was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright , and an inspiration to the Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the Prairie School . Along with Henry Hobson Richardson and Frank Lloyd Wright , Sullivan is one of `` the recognized trinity of American architecture '' . `` Form follows function '' is attributed to him although he credited the origin of the concept to an ancient Roman architect . In 1944 , he was the second architect in history to posthumously receive the AIA Gold Medal .

text: Louis

text: Henry

text: Sullivan

text: September

text: April

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: architect

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: skyscrapers

text: and

text: father

text: of

text: modernism

text: He

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: as

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: skyscraper

text: was

text: an

text: influential

text: architect

text: and

text: critic

text: of

text: the

text: Chicago

text: School

text: was

text: mentor

text: to

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: and

text: an

text: inspiration

text: to

text: the

text: Chicago

text: group

text: of

text: architects

text: who

text: have

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Prairie

text: School

text: Along

text: with

text: Henry

text: Hobson

text: Richardson

text: and

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: Sullivan

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: recognized

text: trinity

text: of

text: American

text: architecture

text: Form

text: follows

text: function

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: him

text: although

text: he

text: credited

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: concept

text: to

text: an

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: architect

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: architect

text: in

text: history

text: to

text: posthumously

text: receive

text: the

text: AIA

text: Gold

text: Medal

text: Organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world. This is achieved through design approaches that aim to be sympathetic and well-integrated with a site, so buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated composition.

text: Organic

text: architecture

text: is

text: philosophy

text: of

text: architecture

text: which

text: promotes

text: harmony

text: between

text: human

text: habitation

text: and

text: the

text: natural

text: world

text: This

text: is

text: achieved

text: through

text: design

text: approaches

text: that

text: aim

text: to

text: be

text: sympathetic

text: and

text: well

text: integrated

text: with

text: site

text: so

text: buildings

text: furnishings

text: and

text: surroundings

text: become

text: part

text: of

text: unified

text: interrelated

text: composition

text: Frank Lloyd Wright (born Frank Lincoln Wright, June 8, 1867  April 9, 1959) was an American architect, interior designer, writer, and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures, 532 of which were completed. Wright believed in designing structures that were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture. This philosophy was best exemplified by Fallingwater (1935), which has been called "the best all-time work of American architecture". Wright was a leader of the Prairie School movement of architecture and developed the concept of the Usonian home, his unique vision for urban planning in the United States. His creative period spanned more than 70 years.

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: born

text: Frank

text: Lincoln

text: Wright

text: June

text: April

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: architect

text: interior

text: designer

text: writer

text: and

text: educator

text: who

text: designed

text: more

text: than

text: structures

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: completed

text: Wright

text: believed

text: in

text: designing

text: structures

text: that

text: were

text: in

text: harmony

text: with

text: humanity

text: and

text: its

text: environment

text: philosophy

text: he

text: called

text: organic

text: architecture

text: This

text: philosophy

text: was

text: best

text: exemplified

text: by

text: Fallingwater

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: best

text: all

text: time

text: work

text: of

text: American

text: architecture

text: Wright

text: was

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Prairie

text: School

text: movement

text: of

text: architecture

text: and

text: developed

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: Usonian

text: home

text: his

text: unique

text: vision

text: for

text: urban

text: planning

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: His

text: creative

text: period

text: spanned

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: The AIA Gold Medal is awarded by the American Institute of Architects conferred "by the national AIA Board of Directors in recognition of a significant body of work of lasting influence on the theory and practice of architecture."

text: The

text: AIA

text: Gold

text: Medal

text: is

text: awarded

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Institute

text: of

text: Architects

text: conferred

text: by

text: the

text: national

text: AIA

text: Board

text: of

text: Directors

text: in

text: recognition

text: of

text: significant

text: body

text: of

text: work

text: of

text: lasting

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: theory

text: and

text: practice

text: of

text: architecture

text: Frank Lloyd T. Wright, Jr. (March 30, 1890, Oak Park, Illinois  May 31, 1978, Santa Monica, California), commonly known as Lloyd Wright, was an American landscape architect and architect, active primarily in Los Angeles and Southern California. His name is frequently confused with that of his more famous father, Frank Lloyd J. Wright, Sr..

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: Jr.

text: March

text: Oak

text: Park

text: Illinois

text: May

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: California

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: landscape

text: architect

text: and

text: architect

text: active

text: primarily

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: Southern

text: California

text: His

text: name

text: is

text: frequently

text: confused

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: his

text: more

text: famous

text: father

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: Sr

text: Industrial design is a process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through techniques of mass production. Its key characteristic is that design is separated from manufacture: the creative act of determining and defining a product's form and features takes place in advance of the physical act of making a product, which consists purely of repeated, often automated, replication. This distinguishes industrial design from craft-based design, where the form of the product is determined by the product's creator at the time of its creation.

text: Industrial

text: design

text: is

text: process

text: of

text: design

text: applied

text: to

text: products

text: that

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: manufactured

text: through

text: techniques

text: of

text: mass

text: production

text: Its

text: key

text: characteristic

text: is

text: that

text: design

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: manufacture

text: the

text: creative

text: act

text: of

text: determining

text: and

text: defining

text: product

text: 's

text: form

text: and

text: features

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: physical

text: act

text: of

text: making

text: product

text: which

text: consists

text: purely

text: of

text: repeated

text: often

text: automated

text: replication

text: This

text: distinguishes

text: industrial

text: design

text: from

text: craft

text: based

text: design

text: where

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: product

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: product

text: 's

text: creator

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: creation

text: H. Allen Brooks (November 6, 1925  August 8, 2010) was an architectural historian and longtime professor at the University of Toronto. Brooks has written on Frank Lloyd Wright and the Prairie School and on the early years of Le Corbusier.

text: Allen

text: Brooks

text: November

text: August

text: was

text: an

text: architectural

text: historian

text: and

text: longtime

text: professor

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Toronto

text: Brooks

text: has

text: written

text: on

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: and

text: the

text: Prairie

text: School

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: Le

text: Corbusier

text: Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The Combined Statistical Area (CSA) population of 2,659,937 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania after Philadelphia and the 20th-largest in the U.S. Located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, which form the Ohio River, Pittsburgh is known as both "the Steel City" for its more than 300 steel-related businesses, and as the "City of Bridges" for its 446 bridges. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a pre-revolutionary fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. The city developed as a vital link of the Atlantic coast and Midwest. The mineral-rich Allegheny Mountains made the area coveted by the French and British empires, Virginia, Whiskey Rebels, and Civil War raiders.

text: Pittsburgh

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Allegheny

text: County

text: The

text: Combined

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: CSA

text: population

text: of

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Ohio

text: Valley

text: and

text: Appalachia

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: in

text: Pennsylvania

text: after

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Allegheny

text: and

text: Monongahela

text: rivers

text: which

text: form

text: the

text: Ohio

text: River

text: Pittsburgh

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: both

text: the

text: Steel

text: City

text: for

text: its

text: more

text: than

text: steel

text: related

text: businesses

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Bridges

text: for

text: its

text: bridges

text: The

text: city

text: features

text: skyscrapers

text: two

text: inclines

text: pre

text: revolutionary

text: fortification

text: and

text: the

text: Point

text: State

text: Park

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: rivers

text: The

text: city

text: developed

text: as

text: vital

text: link

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: and

text: Midwest

text: The

text: mineral

text: rich

text: Allegheny

text: Mountains

text: made

text: the

text: area

text: coveted

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: British

text: empires

text: Virginia

text: Whiskey

text: Rebels

text: and

text: Civil

text: War

text: raiders

text: Form follows function is a principle associated with modernist architecture and industrial design in the 20th century. The principle is that the shape of a building or object should be primarily based upon its intended function or purpose.

text: Form

text: follows

text: function

text: is

text: principle

text: associated

text: with

text: modernist

text: architecture

text: and

text: industrial

text: design

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: principle

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: shape

text: of

text: building

text: or

text: object

text: should

text: be

text: primarily

text: based

text: upon

text: its

text: intended

text: function

text: or

text: purpose

text: Boston (pronounced ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city proper covers with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States.

text: Boston

text: pronounced

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Boston

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Suffolk

text: County

text: although

text: the

text: county

text: government

text: was

text: disbanded

text: on

text: July

text: The

text: city

text: proper

text: covers

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: New

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: anchor

text: of

text: substantially

text: larger

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: known

text: as

text: Greater

text: Boston

text: Metropolitan

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: MSA

text: home

text: to

text: census

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: in

text: and

text: ranking

text: as

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: such

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Alternately

text: as

text: Combined

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: CSA

text: this

text: wider

text: commuting

text: region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: some

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: as

text: such

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Cincinnati is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio that serves as county seat of Hamilton County. Settled in 1788, the city is located on the north side of the confluence of the Licking with the Ohio River. With a population of 298,550, Cincinnati is the third-largest city in Ohio and the 65th-largest city in the United States. Its metropolitan statistical area is the 28th-largest in the United States and the largest centered in Ohio. The city is also part of the larger CincinnatiMiddletownWilmington combined statistical area, which had a population of 2,172,191 in the 2010 census.

text: Cincinnati

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Ohio

text: that

text: serves

text: as

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Hamilton

text: County

text: Settled

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Licking

text: with

text: the

text: Ohio

text: River

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: Cincinnati

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Ohio

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Its

text: metropolitan

text: statistical

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: centered

text: in

text: Ohio

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: CincinnatiMiddletownWilmington

text: combined

text: statistical

text: area

text: which

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: Prairie School was a late 19th- and early 20th-century architectural style, most common to the Midwestern United States. The style is usually marked by horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves, windows grouped in horizontal bands, integration with the landscape, solid construction, craftsmanship, and discipline in the use of ornament. Horizontal lines were thought to evoke and relate to the native prairie landscape. The term "Prairie School" was not actually used by these architects to describe themselves (for instance, Marion Mahony used the phrase "The Chicago Group"); the term was coined by H. Allen Brooks, one of the first architectural historians to write extensively about these architects and their work.

text: Prairie

text: School

text: was

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: architectural

text: style

text: most

text: common

text: to

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: style

text: is

text: usually

text: marked

text: by

text: horizontal

text: lines

text: flat

text: or

text: hipped

text: roofs

text: with

text: broad

text: overhanging

text: eaves

text: windows

text: grouped

text: in

text: horizontal

text: bands

text: integration

text: with

text: the

text: landscape

text: solid

text: construction

text: craftsmanship

text: and

text: discipline

text: in

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: ornament

text: Horizontal

text: lines

text: were

text: thought

text: to

text: evoke

text: and

text: relate

text: to

text: the

text: native

text: prairie

text: landscape

text: The

text: term

text: Prairie

text: School

text: was

text: not

text: actually

text: used

text: by

text: these

text: architects

text: to

text: describe

text: themselves

text: for

text: instance

text: Marion

text: Mahony

text: used

text: the

text: phrase

text: The

text: Chicago

text: Group

text: the

text: term

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: Allen

text: Brooks

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: architectural

text: historians

text: to

text: write

text: extensively

text: about

text: these

text: architects

text: and

text: their

text: work

text: The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to support the architecture profession and improve its public image, including through public tours, such as the AIA Los Angeles chapter's Home Tour featuring residences designed by David Randall Hertz in Venice, California and others. The AIA also works with other members of the design and construction team to help coordinate the building industry.

text: The

text: American

text: Institute

text: of

text: Architects

text: AIA

text: is

text: professional

text: organization

text: for

text: architects

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Headquartered

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: the

text: AIA

text: offers

text: education

text: government

text: advocacy

text: community

text: redevelopment

text: and

text: public

text: outreach

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: architecture

text: profession

text: and

text: improve

text: its

text: public

text: image

text: including

text: through

text: public

text: tours

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: AIA

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: chapter

text: 's

text: Home

text: Tour

text: featuring

text: residences

text: designed

text: by

text: David

text: Randall

text: Hertz

text: in

text: Venice

text: California

text: and

text: others

text: The

text: AIA

text: also

text: works

text: with

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: design

text: and

text: construction

text: team

text: to

text: help

text: coordinate

text: the

text: building

text: industry

text: Usonia was a word used by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright to refer to his vision for the landscape of the United States, including the planning of cities and the architecture of buildings. Wright proposed the use of the adjective "Usonian" in place of "American" to describe the particular New World character of the American landscape as distinct and free of previous architectural conventions.

text: Usonia

text: was

text: word

text: used

text: by

text: American

text: architect

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: his

text: vision

text: for

text: the

text: landscape

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: including

text: the

text: planning

text: of

text: cities

text: and

text: the

text: architecture

text: of

text: buildings

text: Wright

text: proposed

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: adjective

text: Usonian

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: American

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: particular

text: New

text: World

text: character

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: landscape

text: as

text: distinct

text: and

text: free

text: of

text: previous

text: architectural

text: conventions

text:
Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type. Temperate grassland regions include the Pampas of Argentina, southern Brazil and Uruguay as well as the steppes of Eurasia.
Lands typically referred to as "prairie" tend to be in North America. The term encompasses the area referred to as the Interior Lowlands of Canada, the United States, and Mexico, which includes all of the Great Plains as well as the wetter, somewhat hillier land to the east. In the U.S., the area is constituted by most or all of the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma, and sizable parts of the states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, and western and southern Minnesota. The Central Valley of California is also a prairie. The Canadian Prairies occupy vast areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.

text: Prairies

text: are

text: ecosystems

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: temperate

text: grasslands

text: savannas

text: and

text: shrublands

text: biome

text: by

text: ecologists

text: based

text: on

text: similar

text: temperate

text: climates

text: moderate

text: rainfall

text: and

text: composition

text: of

text: grasses

text: herbs

text: and

text: shrubs

text: rather

text: than

text: trees

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: vegetation

text: type

text: Temperate

text: grassland

text: regions

text: include

text: the

text: Pampas

text: of

text: Argentina

text: southern

text: Brazil

text: and

text: Uruguay

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: steppes

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Lands

text: typically

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: prairie

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: term

text: encompasses

text: the

text: area

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Interior

text: Lowlands

text: of

text: Canada

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Mexico

text: which

text: includes

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: wetter

text: somewhat

text: hillier

text: land

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: constituted

text: by

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: North

text: Dakota

text: South

text: Dakota

text: Nebraska

text: Kansas

text: and

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: sizable

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Montana

text: Wyoming

text: Colorado

text: New

text: Mexico

text: Texas

text: Missouri

text: Iowa

text: Illinois

text: Ohio

text: Indiana

text: Wisconsin

text: and

text: western

text: and

text: southern

text: Minnesota

text: The

text: Central

text: Valley

text: of

text: California

text: is

text: also

text: prairie

text: The

text: Canadian

text: Prairies

text: occupy

text: vast

text: areas

text: of

text: Manitoba

text: Saskatchewan

text: and

text: Alberta

text: Henry Hobson Richardson (September 29, 1838  April 27, 1886) was a prominent American architect who designed buildings in Albany, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, and other cities. The style he popularized is named for him: Richardsonian Romanesque. Along with Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright, Richardson is one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture".

text: Henry

text: Hobson

text: Richardson

text: September

text: April

text: was

text: prominent

text: American

text: architect

text: who

text: designed

text: buildings

text: in

text: Albany

text: Boston

text: Buffalo

text: Chicago

text: Pittsburgh

text: Cincinnati

text: and

text: other

text: cities

text: The

text: style

text: he

text: popularized

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: him

text: Richardsonian

text: Romanesque

text: Along

text: with

text: Louis

text: Sullivan

text: and

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: Richardson

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: recognized

text: trinity

text: of

text: American

text: architecture

text: Fallingwater or the Kaufmann Residence is a house designed by architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 in rural southwestern Pennsylvania, southeast of Pittsburgh. The home was built partly over a waterfall on Bear Run in the Mill Run section of Stewart Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, in the Laurel Highlands of the Allegheny Mountains. The house was designed as a weekend home for the family of Liliane Kaufmann and her husband, Edgar J. Kaufmann, owner of Kaufmann's department store.

text: Fallingwater

text: or

text: the

text: Kaufmann

text: Residence

text: is

text: house

text: designed

text: by

text: architect

text: Frank

text: Lloyd

text: Wright

text: in

text: in

text: rural

text: southwestern

text: Pennsylvania

text: southeast

text: of

text: Pittsburgh

text: The

text: home

text: was

text: built

text: partly

text: over

text: waterfall

text: on

text: Bear

text: Run

text: in

text: the

text: Mill

text: Run

text: section

text: of

text: Stewart

text: Township

text: Fayette

text: County

text: Pennsylvania

text: in

text: the

text: Laurel

text: Highlands

text: of

text: the

text: Allegheny

text: Mountains

text: The

text: house

text: was

text: designed

text: as

text: weekend

text: home

text: for

text: the

text: family

text: of

text: Liliane

text: Kaufmann

text: and

text: her

text: husband

text: Edgar

text: Kaufmann

text: owner

text: of

text: Kaufmann

text: 's

text: department

text: store

question: place_of_birth louis sullivan

answer: boston

text: boston

text: boston

text: boston

text: boston

text: boston


text: Sheikh (pronounced or ; ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' )also transliterated Sheik, Shaik, Shayk, Shaykh, Shaikh, Cheikh, Shekh and "Shaikh" is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates the ruler of a tribe, who inherited the title from his father. "Sheikh" is given to a royal male at birth, whereas the related title "Sheikha" is given to a royal female at birth.

text: Sheikh

text: pronounced

text: or

text: mostly

text: pronounced

text: plural

text: also

text: transliterated

text: Sheik

text: Shaik

text: Shayk

text: Shaykh

text: Shaikh

text: Cheikh

text: Shekh

text: and

text: Shaikh

text: is

text: an

text: honorific

text: title

text: in

text: the

text: Arabic

text: language

text: It

text: commonly

text: designates

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: tribe

text: who

text: inherited

text: the

text: title

text: from

text: his

text: father

text: Sheikh

text: is

text: given

text: to

text: royal

text: male

text: at

text: birth

text: whereas

text: the

text: related

text: title

text: Sheikha

text: is

text: given

text: to

text: royal

text: female

text: at

text: birth

text: A tariqa (or "tariqah"; "") is the term for a school or order of Sufism, or especially for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking "Haqiqa", which translates as "ultimate truth".

text: tariqa

text: or

text: tariqah

text: is

text: the

text: term

text: for

text: school

text: or

text: order

text: of

text: Sufism

text: or

text: especially

text: for

text: the

text: mystical

text: teaching

text: and

text: spiritual

text: practices

text: of

text: such

text: an

text: order

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: of

text: seeking

text: Haqiqa

text: which

text: translates

text: as

text: ultimate

text: truth

text: Egypt (; ', , "Kimi"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation.

text: Egypt

text: Kimi

text: officially

text: the

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Egypt

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: spanning

text: the

text: northeast

text: corner

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Asia

text: by

text: land

text: bridge

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: Egypt

text: is

text: Mediterranean

text: country

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: lies

text: Jordan

text: and

text: across

text: from

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: lies

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: although

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: only

text: contiguous

text: Afrasian

text: nation

text: A mosque (from "Al-masjid") is a place of worship for followers of Islam.

text: mosque

text: from

text: Al

text: masjid

text: is

text: place

text: of

text: worship

text: for

text: followers

text: of

text: Islam

text: The plural (abbreviated ), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical category of number. Plural of nouns typically denote a quantity other than the default quantity represented by a noun, which is generally one (the form that represents this default quantity is said to be of "singular" number). Most commonly, therefore, plurals are used to denote two or more of something, although they may also denote more than fractional, zero or negative amounts. An example of a plural is the English word "cats", which corresponds to the singular "cat".

text: The

text: plural

text: abbreviated

text: in

text: many

text: languages

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: values

text: of

text: the

text: grammatical

text: category

text: of

text: number

text: Plural

text: of

text: nouns

text: typically

text: denote

text: quantity

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: default

text: quantity

text: represented

text: by

text: noun

text: which

text: is

text: generally

text: one

text: the

text: form

text: that

text: represents

text: this

text: default

text: quantity

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: singular

text: number

text: Most

text: commonly

text: therefore

text: plurals

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: denote

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: something

text: although

text: they

text: may

text: also

text: denote

text: more

text: than

text: fractional

text: zero

text: or

text: negative

text: amounts

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: plural

text: is

text: the

text: English

text: word

text: cats

text: which

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: singular

text: cat

text: North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of Africa. The United Nations definition of "North Africa" includes seven countries and territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara. The countries of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya are often collectively referred to as the Maghreb, which is the Arabic word for "sunset". Egypt lies to the northeast and encompasses part of West Asia, while Sudan is situated on the edge of the Sahel, to the south of Egypt.

text: North

text: Africa

text: or

text: Northern

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: region

text: of

text: Africa

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: definition

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: includes

text: seven

text: countries

text: and

text: territories

text: Algeria

text: Egypt

text: Libya

text: Mauritania

text: Morocco

text: Sudan

text: Tunisia

text: and

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: The

text: countries

text: of

text: Algeria

text: Morocco

text: Tunisia

text: and

text: Libya

text: are

text: often

text: collectively

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: Arabic

text: word

text: for

text: sunset

text: Egypt

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: encompasses

text: part

text: of

text: West

text: Asia

text: while

text: Sudan

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Sahel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Alexandria (or ; Arabic: '; '; "") is the second largest city and a major economic centre in Egypt, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is Egypt's largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exports. It is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also an important tourist destination.

text: Alexandria

text: or

text: Arabic

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: major

text: economic

text: centre

text: in

text: Egypt

text: extending

text: about

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Its

text: low

text: elevation

text: on

text: the

text: Nile

text: delta

text: makes

text: it

text: highly

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: rising

text: sea

text: levels

text: Alexandria

text: is

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: largest

text: seaport

text: serving

text: approximately

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: imports

text: and

text: exports

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: industrial

text: center

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: natural

text: gas

text: and

text: oil

text: pipelines

text: from

text: Suez

text: Alexandria

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: important

text: tourist

text: destination

text: Sudan ("as-Sdn", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan ("Jumhriyyat as-Sdn"), is a country in Northern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. Before the Sudanese Civil War, South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011. Its predominant religion is Islam.

text: Sudan

text: as

text: Sdn

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: North

text: Sudan

text: and

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Sudan

text: Jumhriyyat

text: as

text: Sdn

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Eritrea

text: and

text: Ethiopia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: South

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Chad

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: The

text: River

text: Nile

text: divides

text: the

text: country

text: into

text: eastern

text: and

text: western

text: halves

text: Before

text: the

text: Sudanese

text: Civil

text: War

text: South

text: Sudan

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Sudan

text: but

text: broke

text: away

text: in

text: Its

text: predominant

text: religion

text: is

text: Islam

text: Gharbia Governorate ("") is one of the governorates of Egypt. It is located in the north of the country, south of Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, and north of Monufia Governorate. Its capital is Tanta, which is 90 km north of Cairo, and 120 km south east of Alexandria. The largest city in Gharbia is El Mahalla El Kubra. The total area of Gharbia governorate is 25,400 km, making it the tenth-largest governorate of Egypt.

text: Gharbia

text: Governorate

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: governorates

text: of

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: south

text: of

text: Kafr

text: El

text: Sheikh

text: Governorate

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Monufia

text: Governorate

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Tanta

text: which

text: is

text: km

text: north

text: of

text: Cairo

text: and

text: km

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Gharbia

text: is

text: El

text: Mahalla

text: El

text: Kubra

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Gharbia

text: governorate

text: is

text: km

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: governorate

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Cairo (; ', ') is the capital and largest city of Egypt. The city's metropolitan area is the largest in the Middle East and the Arab world, and 15th-largest in the world, and is associated with ancient Egypt, as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area. Located near the Nile Delta, modern Cairo was founded in 969 CE by Jawhar al-Siqilli ("the Sicilian") of the Fatimid dynasty, but the land composing the present-day city was the site of ancient national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life, and is nicknamed "the city of a thousand minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture.

text: Cairo

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Egypt

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: and

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: as

text: the

text: famous

text: Giza

text: pyramid

text: complex

text: and

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Memphis

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: its

text: geographical

text: area

text: Located

text: near

text: the

text: Nile

text: Delta

text: modern

text: Cairo

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: CE

text: by

text: Jawhar

text: al

text: Siqilli

text: the

text: Sicilian

text: of

text: the

text: Fatimid

text: dynasty

text: but

text: the

text: land

text: composing

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: city

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: ancient

text: national

text: capitals

text: whose

text: remnants

text: remain

text: visible

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Old

text: Cairo

text: Cairo

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: life

text: and

text: is

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: thousand

text: minarets

text: for

text: its

text: preponderance

text: of

text: Islamic

text: architecture

text: Sheikh Ahmad Al - Badawi ( Arabic :    , IPA : ( æmæd elbædæwi ) ) , also known as Al - Sayyid Al - Badawi (   , ( essæjjed - , elsæjjed - ) ) was the Muslim founder of the Badawiyyah Sufi order . He was born in Fes , Morocco in 596 AH and died in Tanta , Egypt in 675 AH . His followers report that he was credited with many kjarmt ( miracles ) .

text: Sheikh

text: Ahmad

text: Al

text: Badawi

text: Arabic

text: IPA

text: æmæd

text: elbædæwi

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Al

text: Sayyid

text: Al

text: Badawi

text: essæjjed

text: elsæjjed

text: was

text: the

text: Muslim

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Badawiyyah

text: Sufi

text: order

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Fes

text: Morocco

text: in

text: AH

text: and

text: died

text: in

text: Tanta

text: Egypt

text: in

text: AH

text: His

text: followers

text: report

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: credited

text: with

text: many

text: kjarmt

text: miracles

text: Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.

text: Asia

text: is

text: Earth

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: hemispheres

text: and

text: sharing

text: the

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: continent

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: civilizations

text: Asia

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: its

text: overall

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: also

text: dense

text: and

text: large

text: settlements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: vast

text: barely

text: populated

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: billion

text: people

text: The Maghreb (or ; literally "sunset"; ', "the Arab West" previously known as Barbary Coast, derived from Berber), or the Greater Maghreb ("al-Maghrib al-Kabr"), is usually defined as much or most of the region of western North Africa or Northwest Africa, west of Egypt. The traditional definition as the region including the Atlas Mountains and the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, was later superseded, especially following the 1989 formation of the Arab Maghreb Union (  ), by the inclusion of Mauritania and of the disputed territory of Western Sahara (mostly controlled by Morocco). During the Al-Andalus era in Spain (7111492), the Maghreb's inhabitants, Maghrebis, were known as "Moors"; the Muslim areas of Spain in those times were usually included in contemporary definitions of the Maghrebhence the use of "Moorish" or "Moors" to describe the Muslim inhabitants of Spain in Western sources.

text: The

text: Maghreb

text: or

text: literally

text: sunset

text: the

text: Arab

text: West

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: Barbary

text: Coast

text: derived

text: from

text: Berber

text: or

text: the

text: Greater

text: Maghreb

text: al

text: Maghrib

text: al

text: Kabr

text: is

text: usually

text: defined

text: as

text: much

text: or

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: western

text: North

text: Africa

text: or

text: Northwest

text: Africa

text: west

text: of

text: Egypt

text: The

text: traditional

text: definition

text: as

text: the

text: region

text: including

text: the

text: Atlas

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: coastal

text: plains

text: of

text: Morocco

text: Algeria

text: Tunisia

text: and

text: Libya

text: was

text: later

text: superseded

text: especially

text: following

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: Maghreb

text: Union

text: by

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: Mauritania

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: disputed

text: territory

text: of

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: mostly

text: controlled

text: by

text: Morocco

text: During

text: the

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: era

text: in

text: Spain

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: 's

text: inhabitants

text: Maghrebis

text: were

text: known

text: as

text: Moors

text: the

text: Muslim

text: areas

text: of

text: Spain

text: in

text: those

text: times

text: were

text: usually

text: included

text: in

text: contemporary

text: definitions

text: of

text: the

text: Maghrebhence

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Moorish

text: or

text: Moors

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: Muslim

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: Spain

text: in

text: Western

text: sources

text: A tribe is viewed, developmentally or historically, as a social group existing before the development of, or outside, states. A tribe is a group of distinct people, dependent on their land for their livelihood, who are largely self-sufficient, and not integrated into the national society. It is perhaps the term most readily understood and used by the general public. Stephen Corry, director of Survival International, an organisation dedicated to indigenous rights, defines tribal people as those who "...have followed ways of life for many generations that are largely self-sufficient, and are clearly different from the mainstream and dominant society." This definition, however, would not apply in countries in the Middle East such as Iraq, where the entire population is a member of one tribe or another, and tribalism itself is dominant and mainstream.

text: tribe

text: is

text: viewed

text: developmentally

text: or

text: historically

text: as

text: social

text: group

text: existing

text: before

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: or

text: outside

text: states

text: tribe

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: distinct

text: people

text: dependent

text: on

text: their

text: land

text: for

text: their

text: livelihood

text: who

text: are

text: largely

text: self

text: sufficient

text: and

text: not

text: integrated

text: into

text: the

text: national

text: society

text: It

text: is

text: perhaps

text: the

text: term

text: most

text: readily

text: understood

text: and

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: Stephen

text: Corry

text: director

text: of

text: Survival

text: International

text: an

text: organisation

text: dedicated

text: to

text: indigenous

text: rights

text: defines

text: tribal

text: people

text: as

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: followed

text: ways

text: of

text: life

text: for

text: many

text: generations

text: that

text: are

text: largely

text: self

text: sufficient

text: and

text: are

text: clearly

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: mainstream

text: and

text: dominant

text: society

text: This

text: definition

text: however

text: would

text: not

text: apply

text: in

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: such

text: as

text: Iraq

text: where

text: the

text: entire

text: population

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: one

text: tribe

text: or

text: another

text: and

text: tribalism

text: itself

text: is

text: dominant

text: and

text: mainstream

text: The Badawiyyah, Sufi tarika, was founded in the thirteenth century in Egypt by Ahmad al-Badawi (1199-1276). As a tarika, the Badawiyyah lacks any distinct doctrines.

text: The

text: Badawiyyah

text: Sufi

text: tarika

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: the

text: thirteenth

text: century

text: in

text: Egypt

text: by

text: Ahmad

text: al

text: Badawi

text: As

text: tarika

text: the

text: Badawiyyah

text: lacks

text: any

text: distinct

text: doctrines

text: Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth-largest state in Asia and second-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert or barren landforms.

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: KSA

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: constituting

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: With

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: after

text: Algeria

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Qatar

text: Bahrain

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Oman

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: Yemen

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Israel

text: and

text: Egypt

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: nation

text: with

text: both

text: Red

text: Sea

text: coast

text: and

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: coast

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: terrain

text: consists

text: of

text: arid

text: desert

text: or

text: barren

text: landforms

text: Jordan ('), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ('), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the east and south, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, Israel, Palestine and the Dead Sea to the west and the Red Sea in its extreme south-west. Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic, political and cultural centre.

text: Jordan

text: officially

text: The

text: Hashemite

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Jordan

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: kingdom

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: East

text: Bank

text: of

text: the

text: Jordan

text: River

text: Jordan

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Israel

text: Palestine

text: and

text: the

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: in

text: its

text: extreme

text: south

text: west

text: Jordan

text: is

text: strategically

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: and

text: Europe

text: The

text: capital

text: Amman

text: is

text: Jordan

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: economic

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: centre

text: Morocco (', lit. "The West"; '), officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco (', lit. "The Western Kingdom"; '), is a sovereign country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Geographically, Morocco is characterized by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert, and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.

text: Morocco

text: lit

text: The

text: West

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Morocco

text: lit

text: The

text: Western

text: Kingdom

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: Geographically

text: Morocco

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: rugged

text: mountainous

text: interior

text: large

text: tracts

text: of

text: desert

text: and

text: lengthy

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal). The Red Sea is a Global 200 ecoregion. The sea is underlain by the Red Sea Rift which is part of the Great Rift Valley.

text: The

text: Red

text: Sea

text: also

text: the

text: Erythraean

text: Sea

text: is

text: seawater

text: inlet

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: lying

text: between

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: through

text: the

text: Bab

text: el

text: Mandeb

text: strait

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: lie

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Suez

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: The

text: Red

text: Sea

text: is

text: Global

text: ecoregion

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: underlain

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Rift

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Rift

text: Valley

text: Tanta ("" , is a large city in Egypt. It is the country's fifth largest populated area, with 421,076 inhabitants as of 2006. Tanta is located between Cairo and Alexandria: north of Cairo and southeast of Alexandria. The capital of Gharbia Governorate, it is a center for the cotton-ginning industry. One of the major railway lines goes through Tanta. Three annual festivals are held in Tanta in honor of Ahmad al-Badawi, a revered Sufi figure of the 13th century, who founded the Badawiyya Tariqa in Egypt and is buried in the main mosque of Tanta. Tanta is known for its sweetshops and roasted chickpeas.

text: Tanta

text: is

text: large

text: city

text: in

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: fifth

text: largest

text: populated

text: area

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: as

text: of

text: Tanta

text: is

text: located

text: between

text: Cairo

text: and

text: Alexandria

text: north

text: of

text: Cairo

text: and

text: southeast

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: Gharbia

text: Governorate

text: it

text: is

text: center

text: for

text: the

text: cotton

text: ginning

text: industry

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: railway

text: lines

text: goes

text: through

text: Tanta

text: Three

text: annual

text: festivals

text: are

text: held

text: in

text: Tanta

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: Ahmad

text: al

text: Badawi

text: revered

text: Sufi

text: figure

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: who

text: founded

text: the

text: Badawiyya

text: Tariqa

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: is

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: main

text: mosque

text: of

text: Tanta

text: Tanta

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: sweetshops

text: and

text: roasted

text: chickpeas

text: Libya ("") is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world.

text: Libya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Chad

text: and

text: Niger

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Algeria

text: and

text: Tunisia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: three

text: traditional

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: are

text: Tripolitania

text: Fezzan

text: and

text: Cyrenaica

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: almost

text: Libya

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Libya

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: proven

text: oil

text: reserves

text: of

text: any

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: An honorific is a title that conveys esteem or respect when used in addressing or referring to a person. Sometimes, the term "honorific" is used in a more specific sense to refer to an honorary academic title. It is also often conflated with systems of honorific speech in linguistics, which are grammatical or morphological ways of encoding the relative social status of speakers.

text: An

text: honorific

text: is

text: title

text: that

text: conveys

text: esteem

text: or

text: respect

text: when

text: used

text: in

text: addressing

text: or

text: referring

text: to

text: person

text: Sometimes

text: the

text: term

text: honorific

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: more

text: specific

text: sense

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: an

text: honorary

text: academic

text: title

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: often

text: conflated

text: with

text: systems

text: of

text: honorific

text: speech

text: in

text: linguistics

text: which

text: are

text: grammatical

text: or

text: morphological

text: ways

text: of

text: encoding

text: the

text: relative

text: social

text: status

text: of

text: speakers

text: The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai ('; ', ; "") is a peninsula in Egypt, situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, serving as a land bridge between Asia and Africa. It is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia. Sinai has a land area of about and a population of approximately 1,400,000 people. The bulk of the peninsula is divided administratively into two of Egypt's 27 governorates (with three more straddling the Suez Canal area).

text: The

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: or

text: simply

text: Sinai

text: is

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Egypt

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: serving

text: as

text: land

text: bridge

text: between

text: Asia

text: and

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: territory

text: located

text: in

text: Asia

text: Sinai

text: has

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: people

text: The

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: is

text: divided

text: administratively

text: into

text: two

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: governorates

text: with

text: three

text: more

text: straddling

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: area

text: Israel , officially known as the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.

text: Israel

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: It

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Lebanon

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Jordan

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: and

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: respectively

text: and

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: country

text: contains

text: geographically

text: diverse

text: features

text: within

text: its

text: relatively

text: small

text: area

text: Israel

text: 's

text: financial

text: and

text: technology

text: center

text: is

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: while

text: its

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: proclaimed

text: capital

text: is

text: Jerusalem

text: although

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: internationally

text: unrecognized

text: The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: pronounced

text: is

text: sea

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: almost

text: completely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: identified

text: as

text: separate

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: The Gulf of Aqaba ("Khalij al-Aqabah") or Gulf of Eilat ("Mifrats Eilat") is a large gulf at the northern tip of the Red Sea, east of the Sinai Peninsula and west of the Arabian mainland. Its coastline is divided between four countries: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: Khalij

text: al

text: Aqabah

text: or

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Eilat

text: Mifrats

text: Eilat

text: is

text: large

text: gulf

text: at

text: the

text: northern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: mainland

text: Its

text: coastline

text: is

text: divided

text: between

text: four

text: countries

text: Egypt

text: Israel

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: The Gaza Strip (' ), or simply Gaza"', is a small self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, that borders Egypt on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border. Gaza, together with the West Bank, comprise the Palestinian territories claimed by the Palestinians as the State of Palestine. The territories of Gaza and the West Bank are separated from each other by Israeli territory. Both fall under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, but Gaza has since June 2007 been governed by Hamas, a Palestinian Islamic organization which came to power in free elections in 2006. It has been placed under an Israeli and U.S.-led international economic and political boycott from that time onwards.

text: The

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: or

text: simply

text: Gaza

text: is

text: small

text: self

text: governing

text: Palestinian

text: territory

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: that

text: borders

text: Egypt

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: for

text: and

text: Israel

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: north

text: along

text: border

text: Gaza

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: comprise

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: claimed

text: by

text: the

text: Palestinians

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Palestine

text: The

text: territories

text: of

text: Gaza

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: are

text: separated

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: by

text: Israeli

text: territory

text: Both

text: fall

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: Authority

text: but

text: Gaza

text: has

text: since

text: June

text: been

text: governed

text: by

text: Hamas

text: Palestinian

text: Islamic

text: organization

text: which

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: free

text: elections

text: in

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: placed

text: under

text: an

text: Israeli

text: and

text: U.S

text: led

text: international

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: boycott

text: from

text: that

text: time

text: onwards

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: field_of_work ahmad al-badawi

answer: sufism

text: sufism