text: Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word "alternative" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream rock music. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or simply the independent, D.I.Y. ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music. At times, "alternative" has been used as a catch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, that is seen to be descended from punk rock (including some examples of punk itself, as well as new wave, and post-punk).

text: Alternative

text: rock

text: also

text: called

text: alternative

text: music

text: alt

text: rock

text: or

text: simply

text: alternative

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: that

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: independent

text: music

text: underground

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: became

text: widely

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: In

text: this

text: instance

text: the

text: word

text: alternative

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: genre

text: 's

text: distinction

text: from

text: mainstream

text: rock

text: music

text: The

text: term

text: 's

text: original

text: meaning

text: was

text: broader

text: referring

text: to

text: generation

text: of

text: musicians

text: unified

text: by

text: their

text: collective

text: debt

text: to

text: either

text: the

text: musical

text: style

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: independent

text: D.I.Y.

text: ethos

text: of

text: punk

text: rock

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: laid

text: the

text: groundwork

text: for

text: alternative

text: music

text: At

text: times

text: alternative

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: catch

text: all

text: description

text: for

text: music

text: from

text: underground

text: rock

text: artists

text: that

text: receives

text: mainstream

text: recognition

text: or

text: for

text: any

text: music

text: whether

text: rock

text: or

text: not

text: that

text: is

text: seen

text: to

text: be

text: descended

text: from

text: punk

text: rock

text: including

text: some

text: examples

text: of

text: punk

text: itself

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: new

text: wave

text: and

text: post

text: punk

text: Benjamin David "Ben" Gillies (born 24 October 1979) is an Australian musician, best known as the drummer of Australian rock band Silverchair from 1992 until the band went on hiatus in 2011. In 2003, Gillies formed Tambalane with Wes Carr, initially as a song-writing project, they released a self-titled album in 2005 and toured Australia but subsequently folded. By June 2011, after Silverchair's disbandment, Gillies was in the final stages of about 12 months of working on his solo album and he said that it was not a continuation of his earlier work with Tambalane. In 2012, he formed Bento, in which he performs lead vocals, and released the band's debut album "Diamond Days".

text: Benjamin

text: David

text: Ben

text: Gillies

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: Australian

text: musician

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: drummer

text: of

text: Australian

text: rock

text: band

text: Silverchair

text: from

text: until

text: the

text: band

text: went

text: on

text: hiatus

text: in

text: In

text: Gillies

text: formed

text: Tambalane

text: with

text: Wes

text: Carr

text: initially

text: as

text: song

text: writing

text: project

text: they

text: released

text: self

text: titled

text: album

text: in

text: and

text: toured

text: Australia

text: but

text: subsequently

text: folded

text: By

text: June

text: after

text: Silverchair

text: 's

text: disbandment

text: Gillies

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: stages

text: of

text: about

text: months

text: of

text: working

text: on

text: his

text: solo

text: album

text: and

text: he

text: said

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: continuation

text: of

text: his

text: earlier

text: work

text: with

text: Tambalane

text: In

text: he

text: formed

text: Bento

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: performs

text: lead

text: vocals

text: and

text: released

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: debut

text: album

text: Diamond

text: Days

text: Christopher John Joannou (born 10 November 1979) is an Australian musician, best known as the bassist for the Newcastle-based alternative rock band Silverchair. His real name is Christophoros John Joannou, and he was born in Newcastle, New South Wales, he has a twin sister and an older sister. He has a nephew and two nieces. He was the first of the three band members to cut his long hair short. Joannou was nicknamed 'Lumberjack' by Silverchair fans for his love of trees, and plaid shirts. Chris' bandmate Ben Gillies taught him how to play bass guitar, making him the only Band member who did not initially know how to play an instrument.

text: Christopher

text: John

text: Joannou

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: Australian

text: musician

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: bassist

text: for

text: the

text: Newcastle

text: based

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: Silverchair

text: His

text: real

text: name

text: is

text: Christophoros

text: John

text: Joannou

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Newcastle

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: he

text: has

text: twin

text: sister

text: and

text: an

text: older

text: sister

text: He

text: has

text: nephew

text: and

text: two

text: nieces

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: band

text: members

text: to

text: cut

text: his

text: long

text: hair

text: short

text: Joannou

text: was

text: nicknamed

text: Lumberjack

text: by

text: Silverchair

text: fans

text: for

text: his

text: love

text: of

text: trees

text: and

text: plaid

text: shirts

text: Chris

text: bandmate

text: Ben

text: Gillies

text: taught

text: him

text: how

text: to

text: play

text: bass

text: guitar

text: making

text: him

text: the

text: only

text: Band

text: member

text: who

text: did

text: not

text: initially

text: know

text: how

text: to

text: play

text: an

text: instrument

text: Duncan "Dick" Ebersol (born July 28, 1947) is an American television executive and a senior adviser for NBC Universal Sports & Olympics. He had previously been the chairman of NBC Sports, producing large scale television events such as the Olympic Games and National Football League broadcasts.

text: Duncan

text: Dick

text: Ebersol

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: executive

text: and

text: senior

text: adviser

text: for

text: NBC

text: Universal

text: Sports

text: Olympics

text: He

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: the

text: chairman

text: of

text: NBC

text: Sports

text: producing

text: large

text: scale

text: television

text: events

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: and

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: broadcasts

text:
Triple J is a government-funded, national Australian radio station intended to appeal to listeners between the ages of 18 and 25 which began broadcasting in January 1975. The station places a greater emphasis on broadcasting Australian and alternative music compared to commercial stations.
Triple J is government-owned and is a division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.

text: Triple

text: is

text: government

text: funded

text: national

text: Australian

text: radio

text: station

text: intended

text: to

text: appeal

text: to

text: listeners

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: which

text: began

text: broadcasting

text: in

text: January

text: The

text: station

text: places

text: greater

text: emphasis

text: on

text: broadcasting

text: Australian

text: and

text: alternative

text: music

text: compared

text: to

text: commercial

text: stations

text: Triple

text: is

text: government

text: owned

text: and

text: is

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: Broadcasting

text: Corporation

text: Frogstomp is the debut studio album by Australian alternative rock band Silverchair. It was released in 1995, when the members were only 15 years of age, by record label Murmur.

text: Frogstomp

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: Australian

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: Silverchair

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: members

text: were

text: only

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: by

text: record

text: label

text: Murmur

text: `` Pure Massacre '' is a single released by rock band Silverchair in 1995 and is the second single from their debut album Frogstomp , which was also released in 1995 . The song was performed on Saturday Night Live .

text: Pure

text: Massacre

text: is

text: single

text: released

text: by

text: rock

text: band

text: Silverchair

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: single

text: from

text: their

text: debut

text: album

text: Frogstomp

text: which

text: was

text: also

text: released

text: in

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: performed

text: on

text: Saturday

text: Night

text: Live

text: The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is headquartered in the Comcast Building (formerly known as the GE Building) at Rockefeller Center in New York City, with additional major offices near Los Angeles (at Universal City Plaza), Chicago (at the NBC Tower) and soon in Philadelphia at Comcast Innovation and Technology Center. The network is part of the Big Three television networks. NBC is sometimes referred to as the "Peacock Network", in reference to its stylized peacock logo, which was originally created in 1956 for its then-new color broadcasts and became the network's official emblem in 1979.

text: The

text: National

text: Broadcasting

text: Company

text: NBC

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: commercial

text: broadcast

text: television

text: network

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: flagship

text: property

text: of

text: NBCUniversal

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Comcast

text: The

text: network

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: the

text: Comcast

text: Building

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: GE

text: Building

text: at

text: Rockefeller

text: Center

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: additional

text: major

text: offices

text: near

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: at

text: Universal

text: City

text: Plaza

text: Chicago

text: at

text: the

text: NBC

text: Tower

text: and

text: soon

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: at

text: Comcast

text: Innovation

text: and

text: Technology

text: Center

text: The

text: network

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Three

text: television

text: networks

text: NBC

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Peacock

text: Network

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: its

text: stylized

text: peacock

text: logo

text: which

text: was

text: originally

text: created

text: in

text: for

text: its

text: then

text: new

text: color

text: broadcasts

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: network

text: 's

text: official

text: emblem

text: in

text: Silverchair were an Australian rock band, which formed in 1992 as Innocent Criminals in Merewether, Newcastle with the line-up of Ben Gillies on drums, Daniel Johns on vocals and guitars, and Chris Joannou on bass guitar. The group got their big break in mid-1994 when they won a national demo competition conducted by SBS TV show "Nomad" and ABC radio station, Triple J. The band were signed by Murmur, and were successful on the Australian and international rock stages.

text: Silverchair

text: were

text: an

text: Australian

text: rock

text: band

text: which

text: formed

text: in

text: as

text: Innocent

text: Criminals

text: in

text: Merewether

text: Newcastle

text: with

text: the

text: line

text: up

text: of

text: Ben

text: Gillies

text: on

text: drums

text: Daniel

text: Johns

text: on

text: vocals

text: and

text: guitars

text: and

text: Chris

text: Joannou

text: on

text: bass

text: guitar

text: The

text: group

text: got

text: their

text: big

text: break

text: in

text: when

text: they

text: won

text: national

text: demo

text: competition

text: conducted

text: by

text: SBS

text: TV

text: show

text: Nomad

text: and

text: ABC

text: radio

text: station

text: Triple

text: The

text: band

text: were

text: signed

text: by

text: Murmur

text: and

text: were

text: successful

text: on

text: the

text: Australian

text: and

text: international

text: rock

text: stages

text: Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!", properly beginning the show.

text: Saturday

text: Night

text: Live

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: SNL

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: late

text: night

text: live

text: television

text: sketch

text: comedy

text: and

text: variety

text: show

text: created

text: by

text: Lorne

text: Michaels

text: and

text: developed

text: by

text: Dick

text: Ebersol

text: The

text: show

text: premiered

text: on

text: NBC

text: on

text: October

text: under

text: the

text: original

text: title

text: NBC

text: 's

text: Saturday

text: Night

text: The

text: show

text: 's

text: comedy

text: sketches

text: which

text: parody

text: contemporary

text: culture

text: and

text: politics

text: are

text: performed

text: by

text: large

text: and

text: varying

text: cast

text: of

text: repertory

text: and

text: newer

text: cast

text: members

text: Each

text: episode

text: is

text: hosted

text: by

text: celebrity

text: guest

text: who

text: usually

text: delivers

text: an

text: opening

text: monologue

text: and

text: performs

text: in

text: sketches

text: with

text: the

text: cast

text: and

text: features

text: performances

text: by

text: musical

text: guest

text: An

text: episode

text: normally

text: begins

text: with

text: cold

text: open

text: sketch

text: that

text: ends

text: with

text: someone

text: breaking

text: character

text: and

text: proclaiming

text: Live

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: it

text: 's

text: Saturday

text: Night

text: properly

text: beginning

text: the

text: show

question: record_label pure massacre

answer: murmur

text: murmur

text: murmur


text: Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets.

text: Latin

text: Latin

text: is

text: classical

text: language

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Italic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: The

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: and

text: Greek

text: alphabets

text:
Gardz is the capital of the Paktia Province of Afghanistan. The population of the city was estimated to be ca. 10,000 in the 1979 census and was estimated to be 70,000 in 2008. The population is overwhelmingly Pashtun. The city of Gardez is located at the junction between two important roads that cut through a huge alpine valley. Surrounded by the mountains and deserts of the Hindu Kush, which boil up from the valley floor to the north, east and west, it is the axis of commerce for a huge area of eastern Afghanistan and has been a strategic location for armies throughout the countrys long history of conflict. Observation posts built by Alexander the Great are still crumbling on the hilltops just outside the city limits.
the city of Gardez has a population of 70,641 (in 2015). it has 6 districts and a total land area of . The total number of dwellings in this city are 7,849.

text: Gardz

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Paktia

text: Province

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: ca

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: and

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: overwhelmingly

text: Pashtun

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Gardez

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: junction

text: between

text: two

text: important

text: roads

text: that

text: cut

text: through

text: huge

text: alpine

text: valley

text: Surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: mountains

text: and

text: deserts

text: of

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: which

text: boil

text: up

text: from

text: the

text: valley

text: floor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: axis

text: of

text: commerce

text: for

text: huge

text: area

text: of

text: eastern

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: strategic

text: location

text: for

text: armies

text: throughout

text: the

text: countrys

text: long

text: history

text: of

text: conflict

text: Observation

text: posts

text: built

text: by

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: are

text: still

text: crumbling

text: on

text: the

text: hilltops

text: just

text: outside

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Gardez

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: it

text: has

text: districts

text: and

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: dwellings

text: in

text: this

text: city

text: are

text: Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.

text: Pakistan

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: on

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: population

text: exceeding

text: million

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: covering

text: Pakistan

text: has

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: respectively

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Tajikistan

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: 's

text: narrow

text: Wakhan

text: Corridor

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: also

text: shares

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Oman

text: Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , "Afnistn"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.

text: Afghanistan

text: Pashto

text: Dari

text: Afnistn

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: within

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Turkmenistan

text: Uzbekistan

text: and

text: Tajikistan

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: Its

text: territory

text: covers

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: An army (from Latin "arma" "arms, weapons" via Old French "armée", "armed" (feminine)) or ground force is a fighting force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army. They differ from army reserves who are activated only during such times as war or natural disasters.

text: An

text: army

text: from

text: Latin

text: arma

text: arms

text: weapons

text: via

text: Old

text: French

text: armée

text: armed

text: feminine

text: or

text: ground

text: force

text: is

text: fighting

text: force

text: that

text: fights

text: primarily

text: on

text: land

text: In

text: the

text: broadest

text: sense

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: land

text: based

text: military

text: branch

text: service

text: branch

text: or

text: armed

text: service

text: of

text: nation

text: or

text: state

text: It

text: may

text: also

text: include

text: other

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: air

text: force

text: via

text: means

text: of

text: aviation

text: corps

text: Within

text: national

text: military

text: force

text: the

text: word

text: army

text: may

text: also

text: mean

text: field

text: army

text: They

text: differ

text: from

text: army

text: reserves

text: who

text: are

text: activated

text: only

text: during

text: such

text: times

text: as

text: war

text: or

text: natural

text: disasters

text: A president is the leader of a country or a division or part of a country, typically a republic, a democracy, or a dictatorship. The title "president" is sometimes used by extension for leaders of other groups, including corporate entities and social groups.

text: president

text: is

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: country

text: or

text: division

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: country

text: typically

text: republic

text: democracy

text: or

text: dictatorship

text: The

text: title

text: president

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: by

text: extension

text: for

text: leaders

text: of

text: other

text: groups

text: including

text: corporate

text: entities

text: and

text: social

text: groups

text: South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

text: South

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southern

text: Asia

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: which

text: comprises

text: the

text: sub

text: Himalayan

text: SAARC

text: countries

text: and

text: for

text: some

text: authorities

text: adjoining

text: countries

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: east

text: Topographically

text: it

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Plate

text: which

text: rises

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: as

text: Nepal

text: and

text: northern

text: parts

text: of

text: India

text: situated

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: and

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: South

text: Asia

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: and

text: on

text: land

text: clockwise

text: from

text: west

text: by

text: West

text: Asia

text: Central

text: Asia

text: East

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Turkmenistan (or  ); formerly known as Turkmenia is a country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.

text: Turkmenistan

text: or

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Turkmenia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Kazakhstan

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Uzbekistan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as "the 'stans" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent.

text: Central

text: Asia

text: or

text: Middle

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: core

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: and

text: stretches

text: from

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: colloquially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: stans

text: as

text: the

text: six

text: countries

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: all

text: have

text: names

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: Persian

text: suffix

text: -stan

text: meaning

text: land

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: within

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Eurasian

text: continent

text: Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the "de facto" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.

text: Iran

text: also

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Persia

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iran

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Armenia

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Iraq

text: Comprising

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Iran

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: with

text: both

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: and

text: an

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coastline

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: central

text: location

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: make

text: it

text: of

text: great

text: geostrategic

text: importance

text: Tehran

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: leading

text: economic

text: center

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: General Mohammed Asif Safi ( 1923 -- July 26 , 2009 ) ( Pashto :        ) was an Army General in the Afghan National Army during King Zahir Shah 's rule in Afghanistan , and later during the 1970s era of President Mohammed Daoud Khan . General Asif Khan was supporter of a strong and unified military made up of all the ethnic groups in Afghanistan .

text: General

text: Mohammed

text: Asif

text: Safi

text: July

text: Pashto

text: was

text: an

text: Army

text: General

text: in

text: the

text: Afghan

text: National

text: Army

text: during

text: King

text: Zahir

text: Shah

text: 's

text: rule

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: later

text: during

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: President

text: Mohammed

text: Daoud

text: Khan

text: General

text: Asif

text: Khan

text: was

text: supporter

text: of

text: strong

text: and

text: unified

text: military

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO  '), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. Three NATO members are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and are officially nuclear-weapon states: the United States, France and the United Kingdom. NATO's headquarters are located in Haren, Brussels, Belgium, where the Supreme Allied Commander also resides. Belgium is one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe, the newest of which, Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009. An additional 22 countries participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace program, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the global total. Members' defence spending is supposed to amount to 2% of GDP.

text: The

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Alliance

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: military

text: alliance

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: which

text: was

text: signed

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: organization

text: constitutes

text: system

text: of

text: collective

text: defence

text: whereby

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: agree

text: to

text: mutual

text: defence

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: an

text: attack

text: by

text: any

text: external

text: party

text: Three

text: NATO

text: members

text: are

text: permanent

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: veto

text: and

text: are

text: officially

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: states

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: NATO

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Haren

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

text: where

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: also

text: resides

text: Belgium

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: across

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: the

text: newest

text: of

text: which

text: Albania

text: and

text: Croatia

text: joined

text: in

text: April

text: An

text: additional

text: countries

text: participate

text: in

text: NATO

text: 's

text: Partnership

text: for

text: Peace

text: program

text: with

text: other

text: countries

text: involved

text: in

text: institutionalized

text: dialogue

text: programmes

text: The

text: combined

text: military

text: spending

text: of

text: all

text: NATO

text: members

text: constitutes

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: total

text: Members

text: defence

text: spending

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: amount

text: to

text: of

text: GDP

text:
Old French (', ', ""; Modern French ) was the Gallo-Romance dialect continuum spoken from the 9th century to the 14th century.
In the 14th century, these dialects came to be collectively known as the "langues d'oïl", contrasting with the "langue d'oc" or Occitan language in the south of France. The mid-14th century is taken as the transitional period to Middle French, the language of the French Renaissance, specifically based on the dialect of the Île-de-France region.

text: Old

text: French

text: Modern

text: French

text: was

text: the

text: Gallo

text: Romance

text: dialect

text: continuum

text: spoken

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: these

text: dialects

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: langues

text: d'oïl

text: contrasting

text: with

text: the

text: langue

text: d'oc

text: or

text: Occitan

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: century

text: is

text: taken

text: as

text: the

text: transitional

text: period

text: to

text: Middle

text: French

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Renaissance

text: specifically

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: dialect

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: region

text: Democracy ("" literally "rule of the commoners"), in modern usage, is a system of government in which the citizens exercise power directly or elect representatives from among themselves to form a governing body, such as a parliament. Democracy is sometimes referred to as "rule of the majority". Democracy was originally conceived in Classical Greece, where political representatives were chosen by a jury from amongst the male citizens: rich and poor.

text: Democracy

text: literally

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: commoners

text: in

text: modern

text: usage

text: is

text: system

text: of

text: government

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: citizens

text: exercise

text: power

text: directly

text: or

text: elect

text: representatives

text: from

text: among

text: themselves

text: to

text: form

text: governing

text: body

text: such

text: as

text: parliament

text: Democracy

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: Democracy

text: was

text: originally

text: conceived

text: in

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: where

text: political

text: representatives

text: were

text: chosen

text: by

text: jury

text: from

text: amongst

text: the

text: male

text: citizens

text: rich

text: and

text: poor

text: Tajikistan (, or ), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ("Çumhuriji Toçikiston"), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of . It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

text: Tajikistan

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: Çumhuriji

text: Toçikiston

text: is

text: mountainous

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: in

text: and

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Uzbekistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Pakistan

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: separated

text: by

text: the

text: narrow

text: Wakhan

text: Corridor

text: Traditional

text: homelands

text: of

text: Tajik

text: people

text: included

text: present

text: day

text: Tajikistan

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Uzbekistan

text: The Afghan National Army (ANA) is the main branch of the Afghan Armed Forces, responsible for ground warfare. It is under the Ministry of Defense in Kabul and is being heavily assisted by the United States and NATO. The ANA is divided into six regional Corps, with the 201st in Kabul followed by the 203rd in Gardez, 205th in Kandahar, 207th in Herat, 209th in Mazar-i-Sharif and the 215th in Lashkar Gah. The current Chief of Staff of the Afghan National Army is General Qadam Shah Shahim.

text: The

text: Afghan

text: National

text: Army

text: ANA

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Afghan

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: responsible

text: for

text: ground

text: warfare

text: It

text: is

text: under

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Defense

text: in

text: Kabul

text: and

text: is

text: being

text: heavily

text: assisted

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: NATO

text: The

text: ANA

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: six

text: regional

text: Corps

text: with

text: the

text: in

text: Kabul

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: in

text: Gardez

text: in

text: Kandahar

text: in

text: Herat

text: in

text: Mazar

text: Sharif

text: and

text: the

text: in

text: Lashkar

text: Gah

text: The

text: current

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: of

text: the

text: Afghan

text: National

text: Army

text: is

text: General

text: Qadam

text: Shah

text: Shahim

text: A nation (from Latin: "natio", "people, tribe, kin, genus, class, flock") is a large group or collective of people with common characteristics attributed to them  including language, traditions, "mores" (customs), "habitus" (habits), and ethnicity. By comparison, a nation is more impersonal, abstract, and overtly political than an ethnic group. It is a cultural-political community that has become conscious of its autonomy, unity, and particular interests.

text: nation

text: from

text: Latin

text: natio

text: people

text: tribe

text: kin

text: genus

text: class

text: flock

text: is

text: large

text: group

text: or

text: collective

text: of

text: people

text: with

text: common

text: characteristics

text: attributed

text: to

text: them

text: including

text: language

text: traditions

text: mores

text: customs

text: habitus

text: habits

text: and

text: ethnicity

text: By

text: comparison

text: nation

text: is

text: more

text: impersonal

text: abstract

text: and

text: overtly

text: political

text: than

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: It

text: is

text: cultural

text: political

text: community

text: that

text: has

text: become

text: conscious

text: of

text: its

text: autonomy

text: unity

text: and

text: particular

text: interests

text: Mazar-i-Sharif or Mazar-e-Sharif (Persian/Pashto:  ) is the fourth-largest city of Afghanistan, with a population of 693,000 (2015). It is the capital of Balkh province and is linked by highways with Kunduz in the east, Kabul in the southeast, Herat in the west and Uzbekistan in the north. Mazar-e Sharif, along with Herat, Jalalabad in the east and Kandahar in the south, makes Afghanistan an important strategic location in Asia. The city also serves as one of the many tourist attractions because of its famous shrines as well as the Muslim and Hellenistic archeological sites. In 2006, the discovery of new Hellenistic remains was announced.

text: Mazar

text: Sharif

text: or

text: Mazar

text: Sharif

text: Persian

text: Pashto

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Balkh

text: province

text: and

text: is

text: linked

text: by

text: highways

text: with

text: Kunduz

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Kabul

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: Herat

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Uzbekistan

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Mazar

text: Sharif

text: along

text: with

text: Herat

text: Jalalabad

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Kandahar

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: makes

text: Afghanistan

text: an

text: important

text: strategic

text: location

text: in

text: Asia

text: The

text: city

text: also

text: serves

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: many

text: tourist

text: attractions

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: famous

text: shrines

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Muslim

text: and

text: Hellenistic

text: archeological

text: sites

text: In

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: new

text: Hellenistic

text: remains

text: was

text: announced

text: Pashto (; "Paxt" ), also known in older literature as Afghn or Pahn, is the South-Central Asian language of the Pashtuns. Its speakers are called Pashtuns or Pukhtuns and sometimes Afghans or Pathans. It is an Eastern Iranian language, belonging to the Indo-European family. Pashto is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan, and it is the second-largest regional language of Pakistan, mainly spoken in the west and northwest of the country. Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) are almost 100% Pashto-speaking, while it is the majority language of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan. Pashto is the main language among the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is estimated to be 4560 million people worldwide.

text: Pashto

text: Paxt

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: older

text: literature

text: as

text: Afghn

text: or

text: Pahn

text: is

text: the

text: South

text: Central

text: Asian

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Pashtuns

text: Its

text: speakers

text: are

text: called

text: Pashtuns

text: or

text: Pukhtuns

text: and

text: sometimes

text: Afghans

text: or

text: Pathans

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Iranian

text: language

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: family

text: Pashto

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: regional

text: language

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: mainly

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: Federally

text: Administered

text: Tribal

text: Areas

text: FATA

text: are

text: almost

text: Pashto

text: speaking

text: while

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: majority

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Khyber

text: Pakhtunkhwa

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: districts

text: of

text: Balochistan

text: Pashto

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: language

text: among

text: the

text: Pashtun

text: diaspora

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: Pashto

text: speakers

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: million

text: people

text: worldwide

text: Shah (pronounced , "king") is a title given to the emperors, kings, princes and lords of Iran (historically also known as Persia). It was also adopted by the kings of Shirvan (a historical Iranian region in Transcaucasia) namely the Shirvanshahs, the rulers and offspring of the Ottoman Empire (in that context spelled as "eh"), Mughal emperors of the Indian Subcontinent, the Bengal Sultanate, as well as in Georgia and Afghanistan. In Iran (Persia and Greater Persia) the title was continuously used; rather than King in the European sense, each Persian ruler regarded himself as the "Šhanšh" (King of Kings) or Emperor of the Persian Empire.

text: Shah

text: pronounced

text: king

text: is

text: title

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: emperors

text: kings

text: princes

text: and

text: lords

text: of

text: Iran

text: historically

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Persia

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: adopted

text: by

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: Shirvan

text: historical

text: Iranian

text: region

text: in

text: Transcaucasia

text: namely

text: the

text: Shirvanshahs

text: the

text: rulers

text: and

text: offspring

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: in

text: that

text: context

text: spelled

text: as

text: eh

text: Mughal

text: emperors

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Subcontinent

text: the

text: Bengal

text: Sultanate

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: Georgia

text: and

text: Afghanistan

text: In

text: Iran

text: Persia

text: and

text: Greater

text: Persia

text: the

text: title

text: was

text: continuously

text: used

text: rather

text: than

text: King

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: sense

text: each

text: Persian

text: ruler

text: regarded

text: himself

text: as

text: the

text: Šhanšh

text: King

text: of

text: Kings

text: or

text: Emperor

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Empire

text:
Afghan (Pashto also Persian: ; see "etymology") refers to someone or something from Afghanistan, in particular a citizen of that country. Prior to the rise of the nation as Afghanistan, it was used by Persian speakers and those influenced by the Persian language to denote the Pashtun people. In modern times, "Afghan" is rarely used as an ethnic term for the Pashtuns, but is rather used as the national demonym for all citizens of Afghanistan  Pashtuns, Tajiks, and also a large number of Hazaras, Uzbeks, Aimaqs, Turkmens, Balochs, Nuristanis, Pashayis, Pamiris, Arabs, and others.
According to the "Encyclopædia Iranica", the word Afghan (afn) in current political usage means any citizen of Afghanistan, regardless of their tribal or religious affiliation. According to the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan, all Afghans are equal in rights and obligations before the law. The fourth article of the current Constitution of Afghanistan states that citizens of Afghanistan consist of Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazara, Uzbek, Turkmen, Aymaq, Arab, Baluch, Pashayi, Nuristani, Qezelbash, Gujjars, Brahui, and members of other tribes.

text: Afghan

text: Pashto

text: also

text: Persian

text: see

text: etymology

text: refers

text: to

text: someone

text: or

text: something

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: in

text: particular

text: citizen

text: of

text: that

text: country

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: as

text: Afghanistan

text: it

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: Persian

text: speakers

text: and

text: those

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: language

text: to

text: denote

text: the

text: Pashtun

text: people

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: Afghan

text: is

text: rarely

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: ethnic

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: Pashtuns

text: but

text: is

text: rather

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: national

text: demonym

text: for

text: all

text: citizens

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: Pashtuns

text: Tajiks

text: and

text: also

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: Hazaras

text: Uzbeks

text: Aimaqs

text: Turkmens

text: Balochs

text: Nuristanis

text: Pashayis

text: Pamiris

text: Arabs

text: and

text: others

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Encyclopædia

text: Iranica

text: the

text: word

text: Afghan

text: afn

text: in

text: current

text: political

text: usage

text: means

text: any

text: citizen

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: regardless

text: of

text: their

text: tribal

text: or

text: religious

text: affiliation

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: all

text: Afghans

text: are

text: equal

text: in

text: rights

text: and

text: obligations

text: before

text: the

text: law

text: The

text: fourth

text: article

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: states

text: that

text: citizens

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: consist

text: of

text: Pashtuns

text: Tajiks

text: Hazara

text: Uzbek

text: Turkmen

text: Aymaq

text: Arab

text: Baluch

text: Pashayi

text: Nuristani

text: Qezelbash

text: Gujjars

text: Brahui

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: other

text: tribes

text: A corps (plural "corps" ; via French, from the Latin "corpus" "body") is a military unit usually consisting of several divisions.

text: corps

text: plural

text: corps

text: via

text: French

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: corpus

text: body

text: is

text: military

text: unit

text: usually

text: consisting

text: of

text: several

text: divisions

text: Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan or Daud Khan (July 18, 1909  April 28, 1978) was the Prime Minister of Afghanistan from 1953 to 1963, and later became the first President of Afghanistan. He overthrew the Musahiban monarchy of his first cousin Mohammed Zahir Shah and declared himself as the first President of Afghanistan from 1973 until his assassination in 1978 as a result of the Saur Revolution led by the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). Daoud Khan was known for his progressive policies, his efforts for the improvement of women's rights and for initiating two five-year modernization plans which increased the labor force by about 50 percent.

text: Sardar

text: Mohammed

text: Daoud

text: Khan

text: or

text: Daud

text: Khan

text: July

text: April

text: was

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: later

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: President

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: He

text: overthrew

text: the

text: Musahiban

text: monarchy

text: of

text: his

text: first

text: cousin

text: Mohammed

text: Zahir

text: Shah

text: and

text: declared

text: himself

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: President

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: assassination

text: in

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Saur

text: Revolution

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: PDPA

text: Daoud

text: Khan

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: progressive

text: policies

text: his

text: efforts

text: for

text: the

text: improvement

text: of

text: women

text: 's

text: rights

text: and

text: for

text: initiating

text: two

text: five

text: year

text: modernization

text: plans

text: which

text: increased

text: the

text: labor

text: force

text: by

text: about

text: percent

text: Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia. It is a unitary, constitutional, presidential republic, comprising twelve provinces, one autonomous republic and a capital city. Uzbekistan is bordered by five landlocked countries: Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.

text: Uzbekistan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Uzbekistan

text: is

text: doubly

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: constitutional

text: presidential

text: republic

text: comprising

text: twelve

text: provinces

text: one

text: autonomous

text: republic

text: and

text: capital

text: city

text: Uzbekistan

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: five

text: landlocked

text: countries

text: Kazakhstan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Tajikistan

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely single

question: ethnic_group mohammed asif safi

answer: pashtun people

text: pashtun people