text: The Port of Chicago consists of several major port facilities within the city of Chicago, Illinois operated by the Illinois International Port District (formerly known as the Chicago Regional Port District). The central element of the Port District, Calumet Harbor, is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

text: The

text: Port

text: of

text: Chicago

text: consists

text: of

text: several

text: major

text: port

text: facilities

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Illinois

text: International

text: Port

text: District

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Regional

text: Port

text: District

text: The

text: central

text: element

text: of

text: the

text: Port

text: District

text: Calumet

text: Harbor

text: is

text: maintained

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: Corps

text: of

text: Engineers

text: The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

text: The

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: river

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: drainage

text: system

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: Flowing

text: entirely

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: although

text: its

text: drainage

text: basin

text: reaches

text: into

text: Canada

text: it

text: rises

text: in

text: northern

text: Minnesota

text: and

text: meanders

text: slowly

text: southwards

text: for

text: to

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: Delta

text: at

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: With

text: its

text: many

text: tributaries

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: 's

text: watershed

text: drains

text: all

text: or

text: parts

text: of

text: U.S.

text: states

text: and

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: between

text: the

text: Rocky

text: and

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: The

text: Mississippi

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: fourth

text: longest

text: and

text: fifteenth

text: largest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: discharge

text: The

text: river

text: either

text: borders

text: or

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Minnesota

text: Wisconsin

text: Iowa

text: Illinois

text: Missouri

text: Kentucky

text: Tennessee

text: Arkansas

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: Louisiana

text: Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon, along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. A fossil fuel, coal forms when dead plant matter is converted into peat, which in turn is converted into lignite, then sub-bituminous coal, after that bituminous coal, and lastly anthracite. This involves biological and geological processes that take place over time.

text: Coal

text: is

text: combustible

text: black

text: or

text: brownish

text: black

text: sedimentary

text: rock

text: usually

text: occurring

text: in

text: rock

text: strata

text: in

text: layers

text: or

text: veins

text: called

text: coal

text: beds

text: or

text: coal

text: seams

text: The

text: harder

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: anthracite

text: coal

text: can

text: be

text: regarded

text: as

text: metamorphic

text: rock

text: because

text: of

text: later

text: exposure

text: to

text: elevated

text: temperature

text: and

text: pressure

text: Coal

text: is

text: composed

text: primarily

text: of

text: carbon

text: along

text: with

text: variable

text: quantities

text: of

text: other

text: elements

text: chiefly

text: hydrogen

text: sulfur

text: oxygen

text: and

text: nitrogen

text: fossil

text: fuel

text: coal

text: forms

text: when

text: dead

text: plant

text: matter

text: is

text: converted

text: into

text: peat

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: is

text: converted

text: into

text: lignite

text: then

text: sub

text: bituminous

text: coal

text: after

text: that

text: bituminous

text: coal

text: and

text: lastly

text: anthracite

text: This

text: involves

text: biological

text: and

text: geological

text: processes

text: that

text: take

text: place

text: over

text: time

text: The Illinois River is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately long, in the U.S. state of Illinois. The river drains a large section of central Illinois, with a drainage basin of . The drainage basin extends into Wisconsin and Indiana. This river was important among Native Americans and early French traders as the principal water route connecting the Great Lakes with the Mississippi. The French colonial settlements along the river formed the heart of the area known as the Illinois Country. After the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal and the Hennepin Canal in the 19th century, the role of the river as link between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi was extended into the era of modern industrial shipping. It now forms the basis for the Illinois Waterway.

text: The

text: Illinois

text: River

text: is

text: principal

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: approximately

text: long

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Illinois

text: The

text: river

text: drains

text: large

text: section

text: of

text: central

text: Illinois

text: with

text: drainage

text: basin

text: of

text: The

text: drainage

text: basin

text: extends

text: into

text: Wisconsin

text: and

text: Indiana

text: This

text: river

text: was

text: important

text: among

text: Native

text: Americans

text: and

text: early

text: French

text: traders

text: as

text: the

text: principal

text: water

text: route

text: connecting

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: with

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: The

text: French

text: colonial

text: settlements

text: along

text: the

text: river

text: formed

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Illinois

text: Country

text: After

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Illinois

text: and

text: Michigan

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Hennepin

text: Canal

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: as

text: link

text: between

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: and

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: was

text: extended

text: into

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: modern

text: industrial

text: shipping

text: It

text: now

text: forms

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: Illinois

text: Waterway

text: A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. Legislatures form important parts of most governments; in the separation of powers model, they are often contrasted with the executive and judicial branches of government.

text: legislature

text: is

text: deliberative

text: assembly

text: with

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: make

text: laws

text: for

text: political

text: entity

text: such

text: as

text: country

text: or

text: city

text: Legislatures

text: form

text: important

text: parts

text: of

text: most

text: governments

text: in

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: powers

text: model

text: they

text: are

text: often

text: contrasted

text: with

text: the

text: executive

text: and

text: judicial

text: branches

text: of

text: government

text: Chicago (or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States, and the fifth-most populous city in North America. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, and the county seat of Cook County. The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the U.S.

text: Chicago

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: With

text: over

text: million

text: residents

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Illinois

text: and

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Cook

text: County

text: The

text: Chicago

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Chicagoland

text: has

text: nearly

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Frank Leslie Smith ( November 24 , 1867 -- August 20 , 1950 ) was an Illinois politician . Smith was born in Dwight , Illinois , in Livingston County He served as a United States Congressman from 1919 to 1921 . He was elected by the people of Illinois to the United States Senate in 1926 , but the Senate never allowed him to take his seat . He first ran for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate in 1920 . In that first year of suffrage , women 's votes were counted separately from men 's . He was beating William B. McKinley by 27,000 votes after the male votes were counted , but once the female votes were counted McKinley had won by 11,000 votes . McKinley went on to win the general election . In 1921 , Smith became the chairman of the Illinois Commerce Commission , which oversaw utilities in the state . He prepared to run again for the Senate in 1926 . At the time , Illinois had no campaign finance laws . Smith collected donations from several wealthy executives who ran public utilities , including $ 125,000 from Samuel Insull . He used this money to defeat McKinley in the Republican primary held in the summer of 1926 . Smith went on to win the general election held in November of that year , although Julius Rosenwald offered him $ 550,000 of Sears , Roebuck & Company stock to withdraw . McKinley , whose lame duck term would normally extend until March 1927 , died in December 1926 . The governor appointed Smith to fulfill the rest of McKinley 's term . When Smith went to present his credentials as the appointed Senator , the U.S. Senate voted to not allow him to qualify as a senator , based upon fraud and corruption in his campaign . He tried to again qualify as the elected Senator in March 1927 , but was again denied . He finally resigned his seat on February 9 , 1928 .

text: Frank

text: Leslie

text: Smith

text: November

text: August

text: was

text: an

text: Illinois

text: politician

text: Smith

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Dwight

text: Illinois

text: in

text: Livingston

text: County

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: United

text: States

text: Congressman

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Illinois

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Senate

text: in

text: but

text: the

text: Senate

text: never

text: allowed

text: him

text: to

text: take

text: his

text: seat

text: He

text: first

text: ran

text: for

text: the

text: Republican

text: nomination

text: for

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Senate

text: in

text: In

text: that

text: first

text: year

text: of

text: suffrage

text: women

text: 's

text: votes

text: were

text: counted

text: separately

text: from

text: men

text: 's

text: He

text: was

text: beating

text: William

text: McKinley

text: by

text: votes

text: after

text: the

text: male

text: votes

text: were

text: counted

text: but

text: once

text: the

text: female

text: votes

text: were

text: counted

text: McKinley

text: had

text: won

text: by

text: votes

text: McKinley

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: In

text: Smith

text: became

text: the

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Illinois

text: Commerce

text: Commission

text: which

text: oversaw

text: utilities

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: He

text: prepared

text: to

text: run

text: again

text: for

text: the

text: Senate

text: in

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: Illinois

text: had

text: no

text: campaign

text: finance

text: laws

text: Smith

text: collected

text: donations

text: from

text: several

text: wealthy

text: executives

text: who

text: ran

text: public

text: utilities

text: including

text: from

text: Samuel

text: Insull

text: He

text: used

text: this

text: money

text: to

text: defeat

text: McKinley

text: in

text: the

text: Republican

text: primary

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: Smith

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: held

text: in

text: November

text: of

text: that

text: year

text: although

text: Julius

text: Rosenwald

text: offered

text: him

text: of

text: Sears

text: Roebuck

text: Company

text: stock

text: to

text: withdraw

text: McKinley

text: whose

text: lame

text: duck

text: term

text: would

text: normally

text: extend

text: until

text: March

text: died

text: in

text: December

text: The

text: governor

text: appointed

text: Smith

text: to

text: fulfill

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: McKinley

text: 's

text: term

text: When

text: Smith

text: went

text: to

text: present

text: his

text: credentials

text: as

text: the

text: appointed

text: Senator

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Senate

text: voted

text: to

text: not

text: allow

text: him

text: to

text: qualify

text: as

text: senator

text: based

text: upon

text: fraud

text: and

text: corruption

text: in

text: his

text: campaign

text: He

text: tried

text: to

text: again

text: qualify

text: as

text: the

text: elected

text: Senator

text: in

text: March

text: but

text: was

text: again

text: denied

text: He

text: finally

text: resigned

text: his

text: seat

text: on

text: February

text: Agricultural productivity is measured as the ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs. While individual products are usually measured by weight, their varying densities make measuring overall agricultural output difficult. Therefore, output is usually measured as the market value of final output, which excludes intermediate products such as corn feed used in the meat industry. This output value may be compared to many different types of inputs such as labour and land (yield). These are called partial measures of productivity.

text: Agricultural

text: productivity

text: is

text: measured

text: as

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: agricultural

text: outputs

text: to

text: agricultural

text: inputs

text: While

text: individual

text: products

text: are

text: usually

text: measured

text: by

text: weight

text: their

text: varying

text: densities

text: make

text: measuring

text: overall

text: agricultural

text: output

text: difficult

text: Therefore

text: output

text: is

text: usually

text: measured

text: as

text: the

text: market

text: value

text: of

text: final

text: output

text: which

text: excludes

text: intermediate

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: corn

text: feed

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: meat

text: industry

text: This

text: output

text: value

text: may

text: be

text: compared

text: to

text: many

text: different

text: types

text: of

text: inputs

text: such

text: as

text: labour

text: and

text: land

text: yield

text: These

text: are

text: called

text: partial

text: measures

text: of

text: productivity

text: Livingston County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 38,950. Its county seat is Pontiac.

text: Livingston

text: County

text: is

text: county

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Illinois

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: it

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: Its

text: county

text: seat

text: is

text: Pontiac

text: A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every 10 years. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications and other useful information to co-ordinate international practice.

text: census

text: is

text: the

text: procedure

text: of

text: systematically

text: acquiring

text: and

text: recording

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: given

text: population

text: It

text: is

text: regularly

text: occurring

text: and

text: official

text: count

text: of

text: particular

text: population

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: mostly

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: national

text: population

text: and

text: housing

text: censuses

text: other

text: common

text: censuses

text: include

text: agriculture

text: business

text: and

text: traffic

text: censuses

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: defines

text: the

text: essential

text: features

text: of

text: population

text: and

text: housing

text: censuses

text: as

text: individual

text: enumeration

text: universality

text: within

text: defined

text: territory

text: simultaneity

text: and

text: defined

text: periodicity

text: and

text: recommends

text: that

text: population

text: censuses

text: be

text: taken

text: at

text: least

text: every

text: years

text: United

text: Nations

text: recommendations

text: also

text: cover

text: census

text: topics

text: to

text: be

text: collected

text: official

text: definitions

text: classifications

text: and

text: other

text: useful

text: information

text: to

text: co

text: ordinate

text: international

text: practice

text: Dwight is a village located mainly in Livingston County, Illinois, with a small portion in Grundy County. The population was 4,260 at the 2010 census. Dwight contains an original stretch of the famous U.S. Route 66, and uses a railroad station designed in 1891 by Henry Ives Cobb. It is about southwest of Chicago. I-55 bypasses the village to the north and west.

text: Dwight

text: is

text: village

text: located

text: mainly

text: in

text: Livingston

text: County

text: Illinois

text: with

text: small

text: portion

text: in

text: Grundy

text: County

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: Dwight

text: contains

text: an

text: original

text: stretch

text: of

text: the

text: famous

text: U.S.

text: Route

text: and

text: uses

text: railroad

text: station

text: designed

text: in

text: by

text: Henry

text: Ives

text: Cobb

text: It

text: is

text: about

text: southwest

text: of

text: Chicago

text: bypasses

text: the

text: village

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 5th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country. The word "Illinois" comes from the Algonquin word for "tribe of superior men". With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub. The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois River. For decades, O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world's busiest airports. Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics.

text: Illinois

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: midwestern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: achieving

text: statehood

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: and

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: noted

text: as

text: microcosm

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: country

text: The

text: word

text: Illinois

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Algonquin

text: word

text: for

text: tribe

text: of

text: superior

text: men

text: With

text: Chicago

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: small

text: industrial

text: cities

text: and

text: great

text: agricultural

text: productivity

text: in

text: central

text: and

text: northern

text: Illinois

text: and

text: natural

text: resources

text: like

text: coal

text: timber

text: and

text: petroleum

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Illinois

text: has

text: diverse

text: economic

text: base

text: and

text: is

text: major

text: transportation

text: hub

text: The

text: Port

text: of

text: Chicago

text: connects

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: other

text: global

text: ports

text: from

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: via

text: the

text: Saint

text: Lawrence

text: Seaway

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: to

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: via

text: the

text: Illinois

text: River

text: For

text: decades

text: O'Hare

text: International

text: Airport

text: has

text: been

text: ranked

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: airports

text: Illinois

text: has

text: long

text: had

text: reputation

text: as

text: bellwether

text: both

text: in

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: terms

text: and

text: politics

text: The Great Lakes (also called the Laurentian Great Lakes, or the Great Lakes of North America) are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the CanadaUnited States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or MichiganHuron), Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is , and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is . Due to their sea-like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as "inland seas". Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country. The southern half of the Great Lakes is bordered by the Great Lakes Megalopolis.

text: The

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Laurentian

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: are

text: series

text: of

text: interconnected

text: freshwater

text: lakes

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: mid

text: east

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: the

text: CanadaUnited

text: States

text: border

text: which

text: connect

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: through

text: the

text: Saint

text: Lawrence

text: River

text: Consisting

text: of

text: Lakes

text: Superior

text: Michigan

text: Huron

text: or

text: MichiganHuron

text: Erie

text: and

text: Ontario

text: they

text: form

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: of

text: freshwater

text: lakes

text: on

text: Earth

text: containing

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: surface

text: fresh

text: water

text: by

text: volume

text: The

text: total

text: surface

text: is

text: and

text: the

text: total

text: volume

text: measured

text: at

text: the

text: low

text: water

text: datum

text: is

text: Due

text: to

text: their

text: sea

text: like

text: characteristics

text: rolling

text: waves

text: sustained

text: winds

text: strong

text: currents

text: great

text: depths

text: and

text: distant

text: horizons

text: the

text: five

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: have

text: also

text: long

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: inland

text: seas

text: Lake

text: Superior

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: lake

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: lake

text: that

text: is

text: entirely

text: within

text: one

text: country

text: The

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: Megalopolis

text: Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind. This includes all valued characteristics such as magnetic, gravitational, and electrical properties and forces. On earth it includes: sunlight, atmosphere, water, land (includes all minerals) along with all vegetation and animal life that naturally subsists upon or within the heretofore identified characteristics and substances.

text: Natural

text: resources

text: are

text: resources

text: that

text: exist

text: without

text: actions

text: of

text: humankind

text: This

text: includes

text: all

text: valued

text: characteristics

text: such

text: as

text: magnetic

text: gravitational

text: and

text: electrical

text: properties

text: and

text: forces

text: On

text: earth

text: it

text: includes

text: sunlight

text: atmosphere

text: water

text: land

text: includes

text: all

text: minerals

text: along

text: with

text: all

text: vegetation

text: and

text: animal

text: life

text: that

text: naturally

text: subsists

text: upon

text: or

text: within

text: the

text: heretofore

text: identified

text: characteristics

text: and

text: substances

text: The Saint Lawrence Seaway is a system of locks, canals and channels in Canada and the United States that permit ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes of North America, as far inland as the western end of Lake Superior. The Seaway is named for the Saint Lawrence River, which flows from Lake Ontario to the Atlantic Ocean. Legally, the Seaway extends from Montreal, Quebec, to Lake Erie and includes the Welland Canal.

text: The

text: Saint

text: Lawrence

text: Seaway

text: is

text: system

text: of

text: locks

text: canals

text: and

text: channels

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: that

text: permit

text: ocean

text: going

text: vessels

text: to

text: travel

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: as

text: far

text: inland

text: as

text: the

text: western

text: end

text: of

text: Lake

text: Superior

text: The

text: Seaway

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: Saint

text: Lawrence

text: River

text: which

text: flows

text: from

text: Lake

text: Ontario

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Legally

text: the

text: Seaway

text: extends

text: from

text: Montreal

text: Quebec

text: to

text: Lake

text: Erie

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: Welland

text: Canal

text: U.S. Route 66 (US 66 or Route 66), also known as the Will Rogers Highway, the Main Street of America or the Mother Road, was one of the original highways within the U.S. Highway System. US 66 was established on November 11, 1926, with road signs erected the following year. The highway, which became one of the most famous roads in the United States, originally ran from Chicago, Illinois, through Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona before ending at Santa Monica, California, covering a total of . It was recognized in popular culture by both the hit song "(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66" and the "Route 66" television show in the 1960s.

text: U.S.

text: Route

text: US

text: or

text: Route

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Will

text: Rogers

text: Highway

text: the

text: Main

text: Street

text: of

text: America

text: or

text: the

text: Mother

text: Road

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: highways

text: within

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Highway

text: System

text: US

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: November

text: with

text: road

text: signs

text: erected

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: The

text: highway

text: which

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: roads

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: originally

text: ran

text: from

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: through

text: Missouri

text: Kansas

text: Oklahoma

text: Texas

text: New

text: Mexico

text: and

text: Arizona

text: before

text: ending

text: at

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: California

text: covering

text: total

text: of

text: It

text: was

text: recognized

text: in

text: popular

text: culture

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: hit

text: song

text: Get

text: Your

text: Kicks

text: on

text: Route

text: and

text: the

text: Route

text: television

text: show

text: in

text: the

text: Chicago O'Hare International Airport , also known as O'Hare Airport, Chicago International Airport, Chicago O'Hare or simply O'Hare, is an international airport on the Far Northwest Side of Chicago, Illinois, northwest of the Loop. It is the primary airport serving the Chicago metropolitan area, with Midway International Airport, about closer to the Loop, serving as a secondary airport. It is operated by the City of Chicago Department of Aviation.

text: Chicago

text: O'Hare

text: International

text: Airport

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: O'Hare

text: Airport

text: Chicago

text: International

text: Airport

text: Chicago

text: O'Hare

text: or

text: simply

text: O'Hare

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: airport

text: on

text: the

text: Far

text: Northwest

text: Side

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: Loop

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: airport

text: serving

text: the

text: Chicago

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: with

text: Midway

text: International

text: Airport

text: about

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: Loop

text: serving

text: as

text: secondary

text: airport

text: It

text: is

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Department

text: of

text: Aviation

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Henry Ives Cobb (August 19, 1859  March 27, 1931) was an architect from the United States. Based in Chicago in the last decades of the 19th century, he was known for his designs in the Richardsonian Romanesque and Victorian Gothic styles.

text: Henry

text: Ives

text: Cobb

text: August

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: architect

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Based

text: in

text: Chicago

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: he

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: designs

text: in

text: the

text: Richardsonian

text: Romanesque

text: and

text: Victorian

text: Gothic

text: styles

text: The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the Capitol in Washington, D.C. Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment. Members are usually affiliated to the Republican Party or to the Democratic Party, and only rarely to a third party or as independents. Congress has 535 voting members: 435 Representatives and 100 Senators. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members in addition to its 435 voting members. These members can, however, sit on congressional committees and introduce legislation. These members represent Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Congress

text: is

text: the

text: bicameral

text: legislature

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: consisting

text: of

text: two

text: chambers

text: the

text: Senate

text: and

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: The

text: Congress

text: meets

text: in

text: the

text: Capitol

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Both

text: senators

text: and

text: representatives

text: are

text: chosen

text: through

text: direct

text: election

text: though

text: vacancies

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: may

text: be

text: filled

text: by

text: gubernatorial

text: appointment

text: Members

text: are

text: usually

text: affiliated

text: to

text: the

text: Republican

text: Party

text: or

text: to

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: and

text: only

text: rarely

text: to

text: third

text: party

text: or

text: as

text: independents

text: Congress

text: has

text: voting

text: members

text: Representatives

text: and

text: Senators

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: has

text: six

text: non

text: voting

text: members

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: its

text: voting

text: members

text: These

text: members

text: can

text: however

text: sit

text: on

text: congressional

text: committees

text: and

text: introduce

text: legislation

text: These

text: members

text: represent

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: American

text: Samoa

text: Guam

text: the

text: Northern

text: Mariana

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Virgin

text: Islands

text: The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Senate

text: is

text: the

text: upper

text: chamber

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Congress

text: which

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: the

text: lower

text: chamber

text: composes

text: the

text: legislature

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

question: place_of_birth frank l. smith

answer: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago

text: chicago


text: A domain-specific language (DSL) is a computer language specialized to a particular application domain. This is in contrast to a general-purpose language (GPL), which is broadly applicable across domains. There is a wide variety of DSLs, ranging from widely used languages for common domains, such as HTML for web pages, down to languages used by only one or a few pieces of software, such as Emacs Lisp for GNU Emacs and XEmacs. DSLs can be further subdivided by the kind of language, and include domain-specific "markup" languages, domain-specific "modeling" languages (more generally, specification languages), and domain-specific "programming" languages. Special-purpose computer languages have always existed in the computer age, but the term "domain-specific language" has become more popular due to the rise of domain-specific modeling. Simpler DSLs, particularly ones used by a single application, are sometimes informally called mini-languages.

text: domain

text: specific

text: language

text: DSL

text: is

text: computer

text: language

text: specialized

text: to

text: particular

text: application

text: domain

text: This

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: general

text: purpose

text: language

text: GPL

text: which

text: is

text: broadly

text: applicable

text: across

text: domains

text: There

text: is

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: DSLs

text: ranging

text: from

text: widely

text: used

text: languages

text: for

text: common

text: domains

text: such

text: as

text: HTML

text: for

text: web

text: pages

text: down

text: to

text: languages

text: used

text: by

text: only

text: one

text: or

text: few

text: pieces

text: of

text: software

text: such

text: as

text: Emacs

text: Lisp

text: for

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: and

text: XEmacs

text: DSLs

text: can

text: be

text: further

text: subdivided

text: by

text: the

text: kind

text: of

text: language

text: and

text: include

text: domain

text: specific

text: markup

text: languages

text: domain

text: specific

text: modeling

text: languages

text: more

text: generally

text: specification

text: languages

text: and

text: domain

text: specific

text: programming

text: languages

text: Special

text: purpose

text: computer

text: languages

text: have

text: always

text: existed

text: in

text: the

text: computer

text: age

text: but

text: the

text: term

text: domain

text: specific

text: language

text: has

text: become

text: more

text: popular

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: domain

text: specific

text: modeling

text: Simpler

text: DSLs

text: particularly

text: ones

text: used

text: by

text: single

text: application

text: are

text: sometimes

text: informally

text: called

text: mini

text: languages

text: GNU Emacs is the most popular and most ported Emacs text editor. It was created by GNU Project founder Richard Stallman. In common with other varieties of Emacs, GNU Emacs is extensible using a Turing complete programming language. GNU Emacs has been called "the most powerful text editor available today." With proper support from the underlying system, GNU Emacs is able to display files in multiple character sets, and has been able to simultaneously display most human languages since at least 1999. Throughout its history, GNU Emacs has been a central component of the GNU project, and a flagship of the free software movement. GNU Emacs is sometimes abbreviated as GNUMACS, especially to differentiate it from other EMACS variants. The tag line for GNU Emacs is "the extensible self-documenting text editor".

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: and

text: most

text: ported

text: Emacs

text: text

text: editor

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: GNU

text: Project

text: founder

text: Richard

text: Stallman

text: In

text: common

text: with

text: other

text: varieties

text: of

text: Emacs

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: is

text: extensible

text: using

text: Turing

text: complete

text: programming

text: language

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: text

text: editor

text: available

text: today

text: With

text: proper

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: underlying

text: system

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: display

text: files

text: in

text: multiple

text: character

text: sets

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: able

text: to

text: simultaneously

text: display

text: most

text: human

text: languages

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: Throughout

text: its

text: history

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: has

text: been

text: central

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: GNU

text: project

text: and

text: flagship

text: of

text: the

text: free

text: software

text: movement

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: is

text: sometimes

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: GNUMACS

text: especially

text: to

text: differentiate

text: it

text: from

text: other

text: EMACS

text: variants

text: The

text: tag

text: line

text: for

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: is

text: the

text: extensible

text: self

text: documenting

text: text

text: editor

text: XEmacs is a graphical- and console-based text editor which runs on almost any Unix-like operating system as well as Microsoft Windows. XEmacs is a fork, based on a version of GNU Emacs from the late 1980s. Any user can download, use, and modify XEmacs as free software available under the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.

text: XEmacs

text: is

text: graphical-

text: and

text: console

text: based

text: text

text: editor

text: which

text: runs

text: on

text: almost

text: any

text: Unix

text: like

text: operating

text: system

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: XEmacs

text: is

text: fork

text: based

text: on

text: version

text: of

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: Any

text: user

text: can

text: download

text: use

text: and

text: modify

text: XEmacs

text: as

text: free

text: software

text: available

text: under

text: the

text: GNU

text: General

text: Public

text: License

text: version

text: or

text: any

text: later

text: version

text: Ruby on Rails, or simply Rails, is a server-side web application framework written in Ruby under the MIT License. Rails is a modelviewcontroller (MVC) framework, providing default structures for a database, a web service, and web pages. It encourages and facilitates the use of web standards such as JSON or XML for data transfer, and HTML, CSS and JavaScript for display and user interfacing. In addition to MVC, Rails emphasizes the use of other well-known software engineering patterns and paradigms, including convention over configuration (CoC), don't repeat yourself (DRY), and the active record pattern.

text: Ruby

text: on

text: Rails

text: or

text: simply

text: Rails

text: is

text: server

text: side

text: web

text: application

text: framework

text: written

text: in

text: Ruby

text: under

text: the

text: MIT

text: License

text: Rails

text: is

text: modelviewcontroller

text: MVC

text: framework

text: providing

text: default

text: structures

text: for

text: database

text: web

text: service

text: and

text: web

text: pages

text: It

text: encourages

text: and

text: facilitates

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: web

text: standards

text: such

text: as

text: JSON

text: or

text: XML

text: for

text: data

text: transfer

text: and

text: HTML

text: CSS

text: and

text: JavaScript

text: for

text: display

text: and

text: user

text: interfacing

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: MVC

text: Rails

text: emphasizes

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: other

text: well

text: known

text: software

text: engineering

text: patterns

text: and

text: paradigms

text: including

text: convention

text: over

text: configuration

text: CoC

text: do

text: n't

text: repeat

text: yourself

text: DRY

text: and

text: the

text: active

text: record

text: pattern

text: Sinatra is a free and open source software web application library and domain - specific language written in Ruby . It is an alternative to other Ruby web application frameworks such as Ruby on Rails , Merb , Nitro , and Camping . It is dependent on the Rack web server interface . Designed and developed by Blake Mizerany , Sinatra is small and flexible . It does not follow the typical model -- view -- controller pattern used in other frameworks , such as Ruby on Rails . Instead , Sinatra focuses on `` quickly creating web - applications in Ruby with minimal effort . '' Some notable companies and institutions that use Sinatra include Apple , BBC , the British Government 's Government Digital Service , LinkedIn , the National Security Agency , Engine Yard , Heroku , GitHub , and Songbird . Travis CI provides much of the financial support for Sinatra 's development . Sinatra was created and open - sourced in 2007 .

text: Sinatra

text: is

text: free

text: and

text: open

text: source

text: software

text: web

text: application

text: library

text: and

text: domain

text: specific

text: language

text: written

text: in

text: Ruby

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: other

text: Ruby

text: web

text: application

text: frameworks

text: such

text: as

text: Ruby

text: on

text: Rails

text: Merb

text: Nitro

text: and

text: Camping

text: It

text: is

text: dependent

text: on

text: the

text: Rack

text: web

text: server

text: interface

text: Designed

text: and

text: developed

text: by

text: Blake

text: Mizerany

text: Sinatra

text: is

text: small

text: and

text: flexible

text: It

text: does

text: not

text: follow

text: the

text: typical

text: model

text: view

text: controller

text: pattern

text: used

text: in

text: other

text: frameworks

text: such

text: as

text: Ruby

text: on

text: Rails

text: Instead

text: Sinatra

text: focuses

text: on

text: quickly

text: creating

text: web

text: applications

text: in

text: Ruby

text: with

text: minimal

text: effort

text: Some

text: notable

text: companies

text: and

text: institutions

text: that

text: use

text: Sinatra

text: include

text: Apple

text: BBC

text: the

text: British

text: Government

text: 's

text: Government

text: Digital

text: Service

text: LinkedIn

text: the

text: National

text: Security

text: Agency

text: Engine

text: Yard

text: Heroku

text: GitHub

text: and

text: Songbird

text: Travis

text: CI

text: provides

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: financial

text: support

text: for

text: Sinatra

text: 's

text: development

text: Sinatra

text: was

text: created

text: and

text: open

text: sourced

text: in

text: The MIT License is a permissive free software license originating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). As a permissive license, it puts only very limited restriction on reuse and has, therefore, an excellent license compatibility. The MIT license permits reuse within proprietary software provided that all copies of the licensed software include a copy of the MIT License terms and the copyright notice. The MIT license is also compatible with many copyleft licenses, such as the GNU General Public License (GPL); MIT licensed software can be integrated into GPL software, but not the other way around.

text: The

text: MIT

text: License

text: is

text: permissive

text: free

text: software

text: license

text: originating

text: at

text: the

text: Massachusetts

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: MIT

text: As

text: permissive

text: license

text: it

text: puts

text: only

text: very

text: limited

text: restriction

text: on

text: reuse

text: and

text: has

text: therefore

text: an

text: excellent

text: license

text: compatibility

text: The

text: MIT

text: license

text: permits

text: reuse

text: within

text: proprietary

text: software

text: provided

text: that

text: all

text: copies

text: of

text: the

text: licensed

text: software

text: include

text: copy

text: of

text: the

text: MIT

text: License

text: terms

text: and

text: the

text: copyright

text: notice

text: The

text: MIT

text: license

text: is

text: also

text: compatible

text: with

text: many

text: copyleft

text: licenses

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: GNU

text: General

text: Public

text: License

text: GPL

text: MIT

text: licensed

text: software

text: can

text: be

text: integrated

text: into

text: GPL

text: software

text: but

text: not

text: the

text: other

text: way

text: around

text: In computing, a web application or web app is a clientserver software application in which the client (or user interface) runs in a web browser. Common web applications include webmail, online retail sales, online auctions, wikis, instant messaging services and many other functions.

text: In

text: computing

text: web

text: application

text: or

text: web

text: app

text: is

text: clientserver

text: software

text: application

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: client

text: or

text: user

text: interface

text: runs

text: in

text: web

text: browser

text: Common

text: web

text: applications

text: include

text: webmail

text: online

text: retail

text: sales

text: online

text: auctions

text: wikis

text: instant

text: messaging

text: services

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: functions

text: A wiki is a website that provides collaborative modification of its content and structure directly from the web browser. In a typical wiki, text is written using a simplified markup language (known as "wiki markup") and often edited with the help of a rich-text editor. A wiki is run using wiki software, otherwise known as a wiki engine. There are dozens of different wiki engines in use, both standalone and part of other software, such as bug tracking systems. Some wiki engines are open source, whereas others are proprietary. Some permit control over different functions (levels of access); for example, editing rights may permit changing, adding or removing material. Others may permit access without enforcing access control. Other rules may also be imposed to organize content. A wiki engine is a type of content management system, but it differs from most other such systems, including blog software, in that the content is created without any defined owner or leader, and wikis have little implicit structure, allowing structure to emerge according to the needs of the users.

text: wiki

text: is

text: website

text: that

text: provides

text: collaborative

text: modification

text: of

text: its

text: content

text: and

text: structure

text: directly

text: from

text: the

text: web

text: browser

text: In

text: typical

text: wiki

text: text

text: is

text: written

text: using

text: simplified

text: markup

text: language

text: known

text: as

text: wiki

text: markup

text: and

text: often

text: edited

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: rich

text: text

text: editor

text: wiki

text: is

text: run

text: using

text: wiki

text: software

text: otherwise

text: known

text: as

text: wiki

text: engine

text: There

text: are

text: dozens

text: of

text: different

text: wiki

text: engines

text: in

text: use

text: both

text: standalone

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: other

text: software

text: such

text: as

text: bug

text: tracking

text: systems

text: Some

text: wiki

text: engines

text: are

text: open

text: source

text: whereas

text: others

text: are

text: proprietary

text: Some

text: permit

text: control

text: over

text: different

text: functions

text: levels

text: of

text: access

text: for

text: example

text: editing

text: rights

text: may

text: permit

text: changing

text: adding

text: or

text: removing

text: material

text: Others

text: may

text: permit

text: access

text: without

text: enforcing

text: access

text: control

text: Other

text: rules

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: imposed

text: to

text: organize

text: content

text: wiki

text: engine

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: content

text: management

text: system

text: but

text: it

text: differs

text: from

text: most

text: other

text: such

text: systems

text: including

text: blog

text: software

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: content

text: is

text: created

text: without

text: any

text: defined

text: owner

text: or

text: leader

text: and

text: wikis

text: have

text: little

text: implicit

text: structure

text: allowing

text: structure

text: to

text: emerge

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: users

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: license sinatra

answer: mit license

text: mit license

text: mit license

text: mit license

text: mit license

text: mit license


text: Star Wars: The Trading Card Game was a collectible card game produced by Wizards of the Coast (WotC). The original game was created by game designer Richard Garfield, the creator of the first modern trading card game, "". After its initial release in 2002, the game was 'put on indefinite hold' by WotC in late 2005. The Star Wars Trading Card Game Independent Development Committee was created by a group of fans to continue development of the game. They design new cards that are available as free downloads at their website.

text: Star

text: Wars

text: The

text: Trading

text: Card

text: Game

text: was

text: collectible

text: card

text: game

text: produced

text: by

text: Wizards

text: of

text: the

text: Coast

text: WotC

text: The

text: original

text: game

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: game

text: designer

text: Richard

text: Garfield

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: trading

text: card

text: game

text: After

text: its

text: initial

text: release

text: in

text: the

text: game

text: was

text: put

text: on

text: indefinite

text: hold

text: by

text: WotC

text: in

text: late

text: The

text: Star

text: Wars

text: Trading

text: Card

text: Game

text: Independent

text: Development

text: Committee

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: group

text: of

text: fans

text: to

text: continue

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: They

text: design

text: new

text: cards

text: that

text: are

text: available

text: as

text: free

text: downloads

text: at

text: their

text: website

text: Netrunner is a collectible card game (CCG) designed by Richard Garfield, the creator of "". It was published by Wizards of the Coast and introduced in 1996. The game took place in the setting for the Cyberpunk 2020 role-playing game, but it also drew from the broader cyberpunk genre. "Netrunner" was lauded by critics, such as "InQuest" magazine, for its balanced game play and impressive artwork. In 1999 "Pyramid" magazine named "Netrunner" as one of "The Millennium's Most Underrated Games". According to editor Scott Haring, "among the connoisseurs of the card game design art, "Netrunner" is considered to be one of the best-designed games ever."

text: Netrunner

text: is

text: collectible

text: card

text: game

text: CCG

text: designed

text: by

text: Richard

text: Garfield

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: It

text: was

text: published

text: by

text: Wizards

text: of

text: the

text: Coast

text: and

text: introduced

text: in

text: The

text: game

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: setting

text: for

text: the

text: Cyberpunk

text: role

text: playing

text: game

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: drew

text: from

text: the

text: broader

text: cyberpunk

text: genre

text: Netrunner

text: was

text: lauded

text: by

text: critics

text: such

text: as

text: InQuest

text: magazine

text: for

text: its

text: balanced

text: game

text: play

text: and

text: impressive

text: artwork

text: In

text: Pyramid

text: magazine

text: named

text: Netrunner

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: The

text: Millennium

text: 's

text: Most

text: Underrated

text: Games

text: According

text: to

text: editor

text: Scott

text: Haring

text: among

text: the

text: connoisseurs

text: of

text: the

text: card

text: game

text: design

text: art

text: Netrunner

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: designed

text: games

text: ever

text: The Great Dalmuti is a card game designed by Richard Garfield, illustrated by Margaret Organ-Kean, and published in 1995 by Wizards of the Coast. It is a variant of the public domain game president, dating back to late Middle-Ages. The game was Awarded Best New Mind Game 1995 by Mensa, and was in Games Magazine's 1996 Games 100. The game fell out of print, but was re-released in 2005.

text: The

text: Great

text: Dalmuti

text: is

text: card

text: game

text: designed

text: by

text: Richard

text: Garfield

text: illustrated

text: by

text: Margaret

text: Organ

text: Kean

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: by

text: Wizards

text: of

text: the

text: Coast

text: It

text: is

text: variant

text: of

text: the

text: public

text: domain

text: game

text: president

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: The

text: game

text: was

text: Awarded

text: Best

text: New

text: Mind

text: Game

text: by

text: Mensa

text: and

text: was

text: in

text: Games

text: Magazine

text: 's

text: Games

text: The

text: game

text: fell

text: out

text: of

text: print

text: but

text: was

text: re

text: released

text: in

text: Magic : The Gathering ( MTG ; also known as Magic ) is a trading card game created by Richard Garfield . First published in 1993 by Wizards of the Coast , Magic was the first trading card game produced and it continues to thrive , with approximately twenty million players as of 2015 . Magic can be played by two or more players in various formats , the most common of which uses a deck of 60 + cards , either in person with printed cards or using a deck of virtual cards through the Internet - based Magic : The Gathering Online , on a smartphone or tablet , or other programs . Each game represents a battle between wizards known as `` planeswalkers '' , who employ spells , artifacts , and creatures depicted on individual Magic cards to defeat their opponents . Although the original concept of the game drew heavily from the motifs of traditional fantasy role - playing games such as Dungeons & Dragons , the gameplay of Magic bears little similarity to pencil - and - paper adventure games , while having substantially more cards and more complex rules than many other card games . Magic is currently in production and new cards are released on a regular basis through expansion sets . An organized tournament system played at an international level and a worldwide community of professional Magic players has developed , as well as a substantial secondary market for Magic cards . Certain Magic cards can be valuable due to their rarity and utility in gameplay . Prices range from a few cents to thousands of dollars .

text: Magic

text: The

text: Gathering

text: MTG

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Magic

text: is

text: trading

text: card

text: game

text: created

text: by

text: Richard

text: Garfield

text: First

text: published

text: in

text: by

text: Wizards

text: of

text: the

text: Coast

text: Magic

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: trading

text: card

text: game

text: produced

text: and

text: it

text: continues

text: to

text: thrive

text: with

text: approximately

text: twenty

text: million

text: players

text: as

text: of

text: Magic

text: can

text: be

text: played

text: by

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: players

text: in

text: various

text: formats

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: of

text: which

text: uses

text: deck

text: of

text: cards

text: either

text: in

text: person

text: with

text: printed

text: cards

text: or

text: using

text: deck

text: of

text: virtual

text: cards

text: through

text: the

text: Internet

text: based

text: Magic

text: The

text: Gathering

text: Online

text: on

text: smartphone

text: or

text: tablet

text: or

text: other

text: programs

text: Each

text: game

text: represents

text: battle

text: between

text: wizards

text: known

text: as

text: planeswalkers

text: who

text: employ

text: spells

text: artifacts

text: and

text: creatures

text: depicted

text: on

text: individual

text: Magic

text: cards

text: to

text: defeat

text: their

text: opponents

text: Although

text: the

text: original

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: drew

text: heavily

text: from

text: the

text: motifs

text: of

text: traditional

text: fantasy

text: role

text: playing

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: Dungeons

text: Dragons

text: the

text: gameplay

text: of

text: Magic

text: bears

text: little

text: similarity

text: to

text: pencil

text: and

text: paper

text: adventure

text: games

text: while

text: having

text: substantially

text: more

text: cards

text: and

text: more

text: complex

text: rules

text: than

text: many

text: other

text: card

text: games

text: Magic

text: is

text: currently

text: in

text: production

text: and

text: new

text: cards

text: are

text: released

text: on

text: regular

text: basis

text: through

text: expansion

text: sets

text: An

text: organized

text: tournament

text: system

text: played

text: at

text: an

text: international

text: level

text: and

text: worldwide

text: community

text: of

text: professional

text: Magic

text: players

text: has

text: developed

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: substantial

text: secondary

text: market

text: for

text: Magic

text: cards

text: Certain

text: Magic

text: cards

text: can

text: be

text: valuable

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: rarity

text: and

text: utility

text: in

text: gameplay

text: Prices

text: range

text: from

text: few

text: cents

text: to

text: thousands

text: of

text: dollars

text: Richard Channing Garfield (born June 26, 1963) is an American game designer. Garfield created "", which is considered to be the first modern collectible card game (CCG). "Magic" debuted in 1993, and its success spawned many imitations. Garfield oversaw the successful growth of "Magic" and followed it with other game designs. Garfield also designed the LCG (Living Card Game) "Netrunner, as well as" "BattleTech", "" (originally known as "Jyhad"), "Star Wars Trading Card Game", the card game "The Great Dalmuti", and the board game "RoboRally". He also created a variation of the card game Hearts called Complex Hearts. Garfield first became passionate about games when he played the roleplaying game "Dungeons & Dragons", so he designed "Magic" decks to be customizable like roleplaying characters. Garfield and "Magic "are in the Adventure Gaming Hall of Fame.

text: Richard

text: Channing

text: Garfield

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: game

text: designer

text: Garfield

text: created

text: which

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: collectible

text: card

text: game

text: CCG

text: Magic

text: debuted

text: in

text: and

text: its

text: success

text: spawned

text: many

text: imitations

text: Garfield

text: oversaw

text: the

text: successful

text: growth

text: of

text: Magic

text: and

text: followed

text: it

text: with

text: other

text: game

text: designs

text: Garfield

text: also

text: designed

text: the

text: LCG

text: Living

text: Card

text: Game

text: Netrunner

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: BattleTech

text: originally

text: known

text: as

text: Jyhad

text: Star

text: Wars

text: Trading

text: Card

text: Game

text: the

text: card

text: game

text: The

text: Great

text: Dalmuti

text: and

text: the

text: board

text: game

text: RoboRally

text: He

text: also

text: created

text: variation

text: of

text: the

text: card

text: game

text: Hearts

text: called

text: Complex

text: Hearts

text: Garfield

text: first

text: became

text: passionate

text: about

text: games

text: when

text: he

text: played

text: the

text: roleplaying

text: game

text: Dungeons

text: Dragons

text: so

text: he

text: designed

text: Magic

text: decks

text: to

text: be

text: customizable

text: like

text: roleplaying

text: characters

text: Garfield

text: and

text: Magic

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: Adventure

text: Gaming

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: RoboRally is a board game originally published in 1994 by Wizards of the Coast (WotC). It was designed in 1985 by Richard Garfield, who would later create the card game "". The game and its expansions received a total of four Origins Awards. "RoboRally" was rereleased in July 2005 under the Avalon Hill label, and again in 2016 by Wizards of the Coast.

text: RoboRally

text: is

text: board

text: game

text: originally

text: published

text: in

text: by

text: Wizards

text: of

text: the

text: Coast

text: WotC

text: It

text: was

text: designed

text: in

text: by

text: Richard

text: Garfield

text: who

text: would

text: later

text: create

text: the

text: card

text: game

text: The

text: game

text: and

text: its

text: expansions

text: received

text: total

text: of

text: four

text: Origins

text: Awards

text: RoboRally

text: was

text: rereleased

text: in

text: July

text: under

text: the

text: Avalon

text: Hill

text: label

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: by

text: Wizards

text: of

text: the

text: Coast

text: A board game is a tabletop game that involves counters or moved or placed on a pre-marked surface or "board", according to a set of rules. Some games are based on pure strategy, but many contain an element of chance; and some are purely chance, with no element of skill.

text: board

text: game

text: is

text: tabletop

text: game

text: that

text: involves

text: counters

text: or

text: moved

text: or

text: placed

text: on

text: pre

text: marked

text: surface

text: or

text: board

text: according

text: to

text: set

text: of

text: rules

text: Some

text: games

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: pure

text: strategy

text: but

text: many

text: contain

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: chance

text: and

text: some

text: are

text: purely

text: chance

text: with

text: no

text: element

text: of

text: skill

annotations: likely single

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of magic: the gathering

answer: collectible card game

text: collectible card game

text: collectible card game

text: collectible card game