text: The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.

text: The

text: euro

text: sign

text: code

text: EUR

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: currency

text: of

text: the

text: eurozone

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Austria

text: Belgium

text: Cyprus

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: France

text: Germany

text: Greece

text: Ireland

text: Italy

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: Luxembourg

text: Malta

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Portugal

text: Slovakia

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Spain

text: The

text: currency

text: is

text: also

text: officially

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: four

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: unilaterally

text: by

text: two

text: others

text: and

text: is

text: consequently

text: used

text: daily

text: by

text: some

text: million

text: Europeans

text: Outside

text: of

text: Europe

text: number

text: of

text: overseas

text: territories

text: of

text: EU

text: members

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: their

text: currency

text: Central Macedonia is one of the thirteen administrative regions of Greece, consisting of the central part of the geographical and historical region of Macedonia. With a population of almost 1.9 million, it is the second most populous in Greece after Attica.

text: Central

text: Macedonia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: thirteen

text: administrative

text: regions

text: of

text: Greece

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: geographical

text: and

text: historical

text: region

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: Greece

text: after

text: Attica

text: Polygyros (Greek: ) is a town and municipality in Central Macedonia, Greece. It is the capital of Chalkidiki.

text: Polygyros

text: Greek

text: is

text: town

text: and

text: municipality

text: in

text: Central

text: Macedonia

text: Greece

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Chalkidiki

text: Polychrono is a tourist town located in the eastern part of the peninsula of Kassandra, Chalkidiki, Greece. The population in 2011 was 997; the elevation is . Polychrono is situated on the northeastern coast of the peninsula, 4 km northwest of Chaniotis and 85 km southeast of Thessaloniki. There are forests in the mountains near Polychrono, and farmlands near the coast. Tourism is an important sector in Polychrono, attracted by its beach.

text: Polychrono

text: is

text: tourist

text: town

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Kassandra

text: Chalkidiki

text: Greece

text: The

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: the

text: elevation

text: is

text: Polychrono

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: northeastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: km

text: northwest

text: of

text: Chaniotis

text: and

text: km

text: southeast

text: of

text: Thessaloniki

text: There

text: are

text: forests

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: near

text: Polychrono

text: and

text: farmlands

text: near

text: the

text: coast

text: Tourism

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: sector

text: in

text: Polychrono

text: attracted

text: by

text: its

text: beach

text: Nea Skioni is a village and a community in the peninsula of Kassandra, Chalkidiki, Greece. The population in 2011 was 828 for the village and 854 for the community, which includes the village Frama. Its elevation is 10 m. Nea Skioni is located 7 km southwest of Chaniotis, 7 km west of Agia Paraskevi and 90 km southeast of Thessaloniki. It is named after the ancient city of Scione, whose site was nearby to the east.

text: Nea

text: Skioni

text: is

text: village

text: and

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Kassandra

text: Chalkidiki

text: Greece

text: The

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: for

text: the

text: village

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: community

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: village

text: Frama

text: Its

text: elevation

text: is

text: Nea

text: Skioni

text: is

text: located

text: km

text: southwest

text: of

text: Chaniotis

text: km

text: west

text: of

text: Agia

text: Paraskevi

text: and

text: km

text: southeast

text: of

text: Thessaloniki

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Scione

text: whose

text: site

text: was

text: nearby

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Chaniotis ( Greek :  or  , pronounced ( xaotis ) ) , is a tourist town located in the eastern part of the peninsula of Kassandra , Chalkidiki , Greece . The population in 2001 was 968 , the elevation is 10 m. The population during the summer increases many times . Chanioti is situated on the northeastern coast of the peninsula , 3 km northwest of Pefkochori , 4 km southeast of Polychrono , 7 km northeast of Nea Skioni and 89 km southeast of Thessaloniki . There are forests in the mountains near Chaniotis , and farmlands along the coast . The beach of Chaniotis attracts many tourists .

text: Chaniotis

text: Greek

text: or

text: pronounced

text: xaotis

text: is

text: tourist

text: town

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Kassandra

text: Chalkidiki

text: Greece

text: The

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: the

text: elevation

text: is

text: The

text: population

text: during

text: the

text: summer

text: increases

text: many

text: times

text: Chanioti

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: northeastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: km

text: northwest

text: of

text: Pefkochori

text: km

text: southeast

text: of

text: Polychrono

text: km

text: northeast

text: of

text: Nea

text: Skioni

text: and

text: km

text: southeast

text: of

text: Thessaloniki

text: There

text: are

text: forests

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: near

text: Chaniotis

text: and

text: farmlands

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: The

text: beach

text: of

text: Chaniotis

text: attracts

text: many

text: tourists

text: Chalcidice or Chalkidike or Chalkidiki or Halkidiki or Hallkipiki, is a peninsula and regional unit of Greece, part of the Region of Central Macedonia in Northern Greece. The autonomous Mount Athos region constitutes the easternmost part of the peninsula, but not of the regional unit. The capital of Chalkidiki is the main town of Polygyros, located in the centre of the peninsula.

text: Chalcidice

text: or

text: Chalkidike

text: or

text: Chalkidiki

text: or

text: Halkidiki

text: or

text: Hallkipiki

text: is

text: peninsula

text: and

text: regional

text: unit

text: of

text: Greece

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Region

text: of

text: Central

text: Macedonia

text: in

text: Northern

text: Greece

text: The

text: autonomous

text: Mount

text: Athos

text: region

text: constitutes

text: the

text: easternmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: but

text: not

text: of

text: the

text: regional

text: unit

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: Chalkidiki

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: town

text: of

text: Polygyros

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: Thessaloniki is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. Its nickname is   ("Symprotévousa"), literally "the co-capital", a reference to its historical status as the  ("Symvasilévousa") or "co-reigning" city of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, alongside Constantinople.

text: Thessaloniki

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Greek

text: Macedonia

text: the

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: Central

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: the

text: Decentralized

text: Administration

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: Thrace

text: Its

text: nickname

text: is

text: Symprotévousa

text: literally

text: the

text: co

text: capital

text: reference

text: to

text: its

text: historical

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: Symvasilévousa

text: or

text: co

text: reigning

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: alongside

text: Constantinople

text: Pefkochori (meaning "pine village", before 1965:  - "Kapsochora") is a tourist town located in the southeast of the peninsula of Kassandra, Chalkidiki, Greece. Pefkochori is named after the pine trees which are abundant in the mountains of the area. The population in 2011 was 1,931 for the town and 1,962 for the community, which includes the villages Lefkes and Panorama. Its elevation is 10 m. Pefkochori is situated on the northeastern coast of the peninsula, 3 km southeast of Chaniotis, 4 km north of Agia Paraskevi and 92 km southeast of Thessaloniki.

text: Pefkochori

text: meaning

text: pine

text: village

text: before

text: Kapsochora

text: is

text: tourist

text: town

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Kassandra

text: Chalkidiki

text: Greece

text: Pefkochori

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: pine

text: trees

text: which

text: are

text: abundant

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: for

text: the

text: town

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: community

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: villages

text: Lefkes

text: and

text: Panorama

text: Its

text: elevation

text: is

text: Pefkochori

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: northeastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: km

text: southeast

text: of

text: Chaniotis

text: km

text: north

text: of

text: Agia

text: Paraskevi

text: and

text: km

text: southeast

text: of

text: Thessaloniki

text:
Greece (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ' ), historically also known as Hellas ("" ), is a country in southeastern Europe.
Greece's population is approximately 10.955 million as of 2015. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.

text: Greece

text: officially

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: Republic

text: Greek

text: historically

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Hellas

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: Greece

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: approximately

text: million

text: as

text: of

text: Athens

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: followed

text: by

text: Thessaloniki

text: Scione was an ancient Greek city in Pallene, the westernmost headland of Chalcidice, on the southern coast east of the modern town of Nea Skioni.

text: Scione

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: city

text: in

text: Pallene

text: the

text: westernmost

text: headland

text: of

text: Chalcidice

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: coast

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: town

text: of

text: Nea

text: Skioni

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Mount Athos is a mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece and an important centre of Eastern Orthodox monasticism. It is governed as an autonomous polity within the Greek Republic under the official name Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain. Mount Athos is home to 20 monasteries under the direct jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

text: Mount

text: Athos

text: is

text: mountain

text: and

text: peninsula

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Greece

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: centre

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: monasticism

text: It

text: is

text: governed

text: as

text: an

text: autonomous

text: polity

text: within

text: the

text: Greek

text: Republic

text: under

text: the

text: official

text: name

text: Autonomous

text: Monastic

text: State

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Mountain

text: Mount

text: Athos

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: monasteries

text: under

text: the

text: direct

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: Ecumenical

text: Patriarch

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: Athens ("Athína" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study.

text: Athens

text: Athína

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Greece

text: Athens

text: dominates

text: the

text: Attica

text: region

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: cities

text: with

text: its

text: recorded

text: history

text: spanning

text: over

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: earliest

text: human

text: presence

text: starting

text: somewhere

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: millennia

text: BC

text: Classical

text: Athens

text: was

text: powerful

text: city

text: state

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: seagoing

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Piraeus

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: distinct

text: city

text: prior

text: to

text: its

text: century

text: BC

text: incorporation

text: with

text: Athens

text: centre

text: for

text: the

text: arts

text: learning

text: and

text: philosophy

text: home

text: of

text: Plato

text: 's

text: Academy

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: Lyceum

text: it

text: is

text: widely

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: cradle

text: of

text: Western

text: civilization

text: and

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: democracy

text: largely

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: Romans

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: Athens

text: is

text: large

text: cosmopolitan

text: metropolis

text: and

text: central

text: to

text: economic

text: financial

text: industrial

text: maritime

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: life

text: in

text: Greece

text: In

text: Athens

text: was

text: ranked

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: richest

text: city

text: by

text: purchasing

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: in

text: UBS

text: study

question: located_on_terrain_feature chaniotis

answer: pallene

text: pallene


text: Sunni Islam (or ) is the largest denomination of Islam. Its name comes from the word Sunnah, referring to the exemplary behavior of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the choice of Muhammad's successor and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions.

text: Sunni

text: Islam

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: denomination

text: of

text: Islam

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: word

text: Sunnah

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: exemplary

text: behavior

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: The

text: differences

text: between

text: Sunni

text: and

text: Shia

text: Muslims

text: arose

text: from

text: disagreement

text: over

text: the

text: choice

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: successor

text: and

text: subsequently

text: acquired

text: broader

text: political

text: significance

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: theological

text: and

text: juridical

text: dimensions

text: Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Husayn Ibn ' Ali Ibn Moussa al - Khosrojerdi al - Bayhaqi ( Arabic ) ,  also known as Imam Al - Bayhaqi was born 994 CE / 384AH in the small town of Khusraugird near Sabzevar , then known as Bayhaq , in Khurasan . During his lifetime , he became a famous Sunni hadith expert , following the Shafi'i school in fiqh and the Ash'ari school of aqeedah .

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: Ahmad

text: ibn

text: Husayn

text: Ibn

text: Ali

text: Ibn

text: Moussa

text: al

text: Khosrojerdi

text: al

text: Bayhaqi

text: Arabic

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Imam

text: Al

text: Bayhaqi

text: was

text: born

text: CE

text: in

text: the

text: small

text: town

text: of

text: Khusraugird

text: near

text: Sabzevar

text: then

text: known

text: as

text: Bayhaq

text: in

text: Khurasan

text: During

text: his

text: lifetime

text: he

text: became

text: famous

text: Sunni

text: hadith

text: expert

text: following

text: the

text: Shafi'i

text: school

text: in

text: fiqh

text: and

text: the

text: Ash'ari

text: school

text: of

text: aqeedah

text: Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the "sunnah", composed of accounts called "hadith") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.

text: Islam

text: is

text: religion

text: articulated

text: by

text: the

text: Quran

text: text

text: considered

text: by

text: its

text: adherents

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: verbatim

text: word

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: adherents

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: normative

text: example

text: called

text: the

text: sunnah

text: composed

text: of

text: accounts

text: called

text: hadith

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: June

text: CE

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: major

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: followers

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: Muslims

text: Islam

text: is

text: an

text: Abrahamic

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: that

text: upholds

text: that

text: God

text: is

text: one

text: and

text: incomparable

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: existence

text: is

text: to

text: worship

text: God

text: Muslims

text: consider

text: Muhammad

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: of

text: God

text: Ash'arism or Ashari theology ("al-Asharyya" or "al-Ashira") is an early theological school of Sunni Islam based on clerical authority and rejection of cause and effect reasoning, it was founded by Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari (d. 324 AH / 936 AD). The disciples of the school are known as Ash'arites, and the school is also referred to as the Ash'arite school. It is considered one of the orthodox theologies in Sunni Islam alongside the Maturidi.

text: Ash'arism

text: or

text: Ashari

text: theology

text: al

text: Asharyya

text: or

text: al

text: Ashira

text: is

text: an

text: early

text: theological

text: school

text: of

text: Sunni

text: Islam

text: based

text: on

text: clerical

text: authority

text: and

text: rejection

text: of

text: cause

text: and

text: effect

text: reasoning

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Imam

text: Abu

text: al

text: Hasan

text: al

text: Ash'ari

text: AH

text: AD

text: The

text: disciples

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Ash'arites

text: and

text: the

text: school

text: is

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Ash'arite

text: school

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: orthodox

text: theologies

text: in

text: Sunni

text: Islam

text: alongside

text: the

text: Maturidi

text: Muhammad (c. 570 CE  8 June 632 CE) is the central figure of Islam and widely regarded as its founder by non-Muslims. He is known as the "Holy Prophet" to Muslims, almost all of whom consider him to be the last prophet sent by God to mankind to restore Islam, believed by Muslims to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings, practices, and the Quran, formed the basis of Islamic religious belief.

text: Muhammad

text: CE

text: June

text: CE

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: figure

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: its

text: founder

text: by

text: non

text: Muslims

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Holy

text: Prophet

text: to

text: Muslims

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: consider

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: sent

text: by

text: God

text: to

text: mankind

text: to

text: restore

text: Islam

text: believed

text: by

text: Muslims

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: unaltered

text: original

text: monotheistic

text: faith

text: of

text: Adam

text: Abraham

text: Moses

text: Jesus

text: and

text: other

text: prophets

text: Muhammad

text: united

text: Arabia

text: into

text: single

text: Muslim

text: polity

text: and

text: ensured

text: that

text: his

text: teachings

text: practices

text: and

text: the

text: Quran

text: formed

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: Islamic

text: religious

text: belief

text: A hadith (or  plural: ahadith, ) is one of various reports describing the words, actions, or habits of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The term comes from Arabic meaning a "report", "account" or "narrative". Hadith are second only to the Quran in developing Islamic jurisprudence, and regarded as important tools for understanding the Quran and commentaries ("tafsir") written on it. Some important elements of traditional Islam, such as the five salat prayers, are mentioned in hadith.

text: hadith

text: or

text: plural

text: ahadith

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: various

text: reports

text: describing

text: the

text: words

text: actions

text: or

text: habits

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: The

text: term

text: comes

text: from

text: Arabic

text: meaning

text: report

text: account

text: or

text: narrative

text: Hadith

text: are

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: Quran

text: in

text: developing

text: Islamic

text: jurisprudence

text: and

text: regarded

text: as

text: important

text: tools

text: for

text: understanding

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: commentaries

text: tafsir

text: written

text: on

text: it

text: Some

text: important

text: elements

text: of

text: traditional

text: Islam

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: five

text: salat

text: prayers

text: are

text: mentioned

text: in

text: hadith

text: Sunnah (, , plural ) is the verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings, silent permissions (or disapprovals) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as various reports about Muhammad's companions. Along with the Quran (the holy book of Islam), the Sunnah makes up the two primary sources of Islamic theology and law. The "Sunna" is also defined as "a path, a way, a manner of life"; "all the traditions and practices" of the Islamic prophet that "have become models to be followed" by Muslims.

text: Sunnah

text: plural

text: is

text: the

text: verbally

text: transmitted

text: record

text: of

text: the

text: teachings

text: deeds

text: and

text: sayings

text: silent

text: permissions

text: or

text: disapprovals

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: various

text: reports

text: about

text: Muhammad

text: 's

text: companions

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: Quran

text: the

text: holy

text: book

text: of

text: Islam

text: the

text: Sunnah

text: makes

text: up

text: the

text: two

text: primary

text: sources

text: of

text: Islamic

text: theology

text: and

text: law

text: The

text: Sunna

text: is

text: also

text: defined

text: as

text: path

text: way

text: manner

text: of

text: life

text: all

text: the

text: traditions

text: and

text: practices

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: that

text: have

text: become

text: models

text: to

text: be

text: followed

text: by

text: Muslims

text: Ulama (', singular ', "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled "ulema"; feminine: "alimah" (singular) and "uluma" (plural)) are "those recognized as scholars or authorities" in the "religious hierarchy" of the Islamic religious studies. They are the guardians of legal and religious tradition in Islam. Often they are "Imams of important mosques, judges, teachers in the religious faculties of universities". The term may also include the body of Muslim Islamic scholars trained in the whole body of Islamic law and in other Islamic disciplines; but it may also be used to include the village mullahs and imams on the lowest rungs of the ladder of Islamic scholarship, inasmuch as they correspond most closely to the class of the scribes or rabbis in Judaism.

text: Ulama

text: singular

text: scholar

text: literally

text: the

text: learned

text: ones

text: also

text: spelled

text: ulema

text: feminine

text: alimah

text: singular

text: and

text: uluma

text: plural

text: are

text: those

text: recognized

text: as

text: scholars

text: or

text: authorities

text: in

text: the

text: religious

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: religious

text: studies

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: guardians

text: of

text: legal

text: and

text: religious

text: tradition

text: in

text: Islam

text: Often

text: they

text: are

text: Imams

text: of

text: important

text: mosques

text: judges

text: teachers

text: in

text: the

text: religious

text: faculties

text: of

text: universities

text: The

text: term

text: may

text: also

text: include

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: Muslim

text: Islamic

text: scholars

text: trained

text: in

text: the

text: whole

text: body

text: of

text: Islamic

text: law

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: Islamic

text: disciplines

text: but

text: it

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: village

text: mullahs

text: and

text: imams

text: on

text: the

text: lowest

text: rungs

text: of

text: the

text: ladder

text: of

text: Islamic

text: scholarship

text: inasmuch

text: as

text: they

text: correspond

text: most

text: closely

text: to

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: the

text: scribes

text: or

text: rabbis

text: in

text: Judaism

text: Fiqh is Islamic jurisprudence. While "Sharia" is believed by Muslims to represent divine law as revealed in the Quran and the "Sunnah" (the teachings and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad), "fiqh" is the human understanding of the "Sharia""sharia" expanded and developed by interpretation ("ijtihad") of the Quran and "Sunnah" by Islamic jurists ("Ulama") and implemented by the rulings ("Fatwa") of jurists on questions presented to them.

text: Fiqh

text: is

text: Islamic

text: jurisprudence

text: While

text: Sharia

text: is

text: believed

text: by

text: Muslims

text: to

text: represent

text: divine

text: law

text: as

text: revealed

text: in

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: the

text: Sunnah

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: practices

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: fiqh

text: is

text: the

text: human

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: Sharia""sharia

text: expanded

text: and

text: developed

text: by

text: interpretation

text: ijtihad

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: Sunnah

text: by

text: Islamic

text: jurists

text: Ulama

text: and

text: implemented

text: by

text: the

text: rulings

text: Fatwa

text: of

text: jurists

text: on

text: questions

text: presented

text: to

text: them

text: A fatw (plural fatw ) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Islamic law. The person who issues a fatw is called, in that respect, a "mufti", i.e. an issuer of fatw, from the verb  "<nowiki>'</nowiki>aft" = "he gave a formal legal opinion on". This is not necessarily a formal position since most Muslims argue that anyone trained in Islamic law may give an opinion (fatw) on its teachings. If a fatw does not break new ground, then it is simply called a "ruling".

text: fatw

text: plural

text: fatw

text: in

text: the

text: Islamic

text: faith

text: is

text: nonbinding

text: but

text: authoritative

text: legal

text: opinion

text: or

text: learned

text: interpretation

text: that

text: the

text: Sheikhul

text: Islam

text: qualified

text: jurist

text: or

text: mufti

text: can

text: give

text: on

text: issues

text: pertaining

text: to

text: the

text: Islamic

text: law

text: The

text: person

text: who

text: issues

text: fatw

text: is

text: called

text: in

text: that

text: respect

text: mufti

text: i.e.

text: an

text: issuer

text: of

text: fatw

text: from

text: the

text: verb

text: nowiki>'</nowiki

text: aft

text: he

text: gave

text: formal

text: legal

text: opinion

text: on

text: This

text: is

text: not

text: necessarily

text: formal

text: position

text: since

text: most

text: Muslims

text: argue

text: that

text: anyone

text: trained

text: in

text: Islamic

text: law

text: may

text: give

text: an

text: opinion

text: fatw

text: on

text: its

text: teachings

text: If

text: fatw

text: does

text: not

text: break

text: new

text: ground

text: then

text: it

text: is

text: simply

text: called

text: ruling

text: The Quran (; ', literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran"') is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God ("Allah"). It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature. The Quran is divided into chapters ("surah" in Arabic), which are then divided into verses ("ayah").

text: The

text: Quran

text: literally

text: meaning

text: the

text: recitation

text: also

text: romanized

text: Qur'an

text: or

text: Koran

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: religious

text: text

text: of

text: Islam

text: which

text: Muslims

text: believe

text: to

text: be

text: revelation

text: from

text: God

text: Allah

text: It

text: is

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: finest

text: work

text: in

text: classical

text: Arabic

text: literature

text: The

text: Quran

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: chapters

text: surah

text: in

text: Arabic

text: which

text: are

text: then

text: divided

text: into

text: verses

text: ayah

text: Sharia (shari'a), Islamic sharia, Islamic law (()) is the religious law forming part of the Islamic tradition. It is derived from the religious precepts of Islam, particularly the Quran and the Hadith. In Arabic, the term "sharah" refers to God's divine law and is contrasted with "fiqh", which refers to its scholarly interpretations. The manner of its application in modern times has been a subject of dispute between Muslim traditionalists and reformists.

text: Sharia

text: shari'a

text: Islamic

text: sharia

text: Islamic

text: law

text: is

text: the

text: religious

text: law

text: forming

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: tradition

text: It

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: religious

text: precepts

text: of

text: Islam

text: particularly

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: the

text: Hadith

text: In

text: Arabic

text: the

text: term

text: sharah

text: refers

text: to

text: God

text: 's

text: divine

text: law

text: and

text: is

text: contrasted

text: with

text: fiqh

text: which

text: refers

text: to

text: its

text: scholarly

text: interpretations

text: The

text: manner

text: of

text: its

text: application

text: in

text: modern

text: times

text: has

text: been

text: subject

text: of

text: dispute

text: between

text: Muslim

text: traditionalists

text: and

text: reformists

text: In Islam, a Maturidi is one who follows Abu Mansur Al Maturidi's systematic theology (kalam), which is close to the Ash'ari theology. The school is known as Maturidism or Maturidiyyah. It is considered one of the orthodox theologies in Sunni Islam alongside the Ash'ari school. Many Turkic tribes and Asian Muslims practice Maturidism.

text: In

text: Islam

text: Maturidi

text: is

text: one

text: who

text: follows

text: Abu

text: Mansur

text: Al

text: Maturidi

text: 's

text: systematic

text: theology

text: kalam

text: which

text: is

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Ash'ari

text: theology

text: The

text: school

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Maturidism

text: or

text: Maturidiyyah

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: orthodox

text: theologies

text: in

text: Sunni

text: Islam

text: alongside

text: the

text: Ash'ari

text: school

text: Many

text: Turkic

text: tribes

text: and

text: Asian

text: Muslims

text: practice

text: Maturidism

annotations: follows multiple

question: religion al-bayhaqi

answer: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam

text: islam


text: Kenneth Anderson Kitchen (born in 1932) is a British Bible scholar, Ancient Near Eastern historian, and Personal and Brunner Professor Emeritus of Egyptology and Honorary Research Fellow at the School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, England. He is one of the leading experts on the ancient Egyptian Ramesside Period (i.e., Dynasties 19-20), and the Third Intermediate Period, as well as ancient Egyptian chronology, having written over 250 books and journal articles on these and other subjects since the mid-1950s. He has been described by "The Times" as "the very architect of Egyptian chronology".

text: Kenneth

text: Anderson

text: Kitchen

text: born

text: in

text: is

text: British

text: Bible

text: scholar

text: Ancient

text: Near

text: Eastern

text: historian

text: and

text: Personal

text: and

text: Brunner

text: Professor

text: Emeritus

text: of

text: Egyptology

text: and

text: Honorary

text: Research

text: Fellow

text: at

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: Archaeology

text: Classics

text: and

text: Egyptology

text: University

text: of

text: Liverpool

text: England

text: He

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: experts

text: on

text: the

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: Ramesside

text: Period

text: i.e.

text: Dynasties

text: and

text: the

text: Third

text: Intermediate

text: Period

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: chronology

text: having

text: written

text: over

text: books

text: and

text: journal

text: articles

text: on

text: these

text: and

text: other

text: subjects

text: since

text: the

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: by

text: The

text: Times

text: as

text: the

text: very

text: architect

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: chronology

text: Eusebius of Caesarea ("Eusébios";  260/265  339/340), also known as Eusebius Pamphili, was a Greek historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. He became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima about 314 AD. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon and is regarded as an extremely well learned Christian of his time. He wrote "Demonstrations of the Gospel", "Preparations for the Gospel", and "On Discrepancies between the Gospels", studies of the Biblical text. As "Father of Church History" he produced the "Ecclesiastical History", "On the Life of Pamphilus", the "Chronicle" and "On the Martyrs".

text: Eusebius

text: of

text: Caesarea

text: Eusébios

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Eusebius

text: Pamphili

text: was

text: Greek

text: historian

text: of

text: Christianity

text: exegete

text: and

text: Christian

text: polemicist

text: He

text: became

text: the

text: bishop

text: of

text: Caesarea

text: Maritima

text: about

text: AD

text: Together

text: with

text: Pamphilus

text: he

text: was

text: scholar

text: of

text: the

text: Biblical

text: canon

text: and

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: an

text: extremely

text: well

text: learned

text: Christian

text: of

text: his

text: time

text: He

text: wrote

text: Demonstrations

text: of

text: the

text: Gospel

text: Preparations

text: for

text: the

text: Gospel

text: and

text: On

text: Discrepancies

text: between

text: the

text: Gospels

text: studies

text: of

text: the

text: Biblical

text: text

text: As

text: Father

text: of

text: Church

text: History

text: he

text: produced

text: the

text: Ecclesiastical

text: History

text: On

text: the

text: Life

text: of

text: Pamphilus

text: the

text: Chronicle

text: and

text: On

text: the

text: Martyrs

text: Egypt (; ', , "Kimi"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation.

text: Egypt

text: Kimi

text: officially

text: the

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Egypt

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: spanning

text: the

text: northeast

text: corner

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Asia

text: by

text: land

text: bridge

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: Egypt

text: is

text: Mediterranean

text: country

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: lies

text: Jordan

text: and

text: across

text: from

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: lies

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: although

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: only

text: contiguous

text: Afrasian

text: nation

text: Shepsesre Tefnakht (in Greek known as Tnephachthos) was a prince of Sais and founder of the relatively short Twenty-fourth dynasty of Egypt; he rose to become a Chief of the Ma in his home city. He is thought to have reigned roughly 732 BCE to 725 BCE, or 7 years. Tefnakht I first began his career as the "Great Chief of the West" and Prince of Sais and was a late contemporary of the last ruler of the 22nd dynasty: Shoshenq V. Tefnakht I was actually the second ruler of Sais; he was preceded by Osorkon C, who is attested by several documents mentioning him as this city's Chief of the Ma and Army Leader, according to Kenneth Kitchen, while his predecessor as Great Chief of the West was a man named Ankhhor. A recently discovered statue, dedicated by Tefnakht I to Amun-Re, reveals important details about his personal origins. The statue's text states that Tefnakht was the son of a certain Gemnefsutkapu and the grandson of Basa, a priest of Amun near Sais. Consequently, Tefnakht was not actually descended from a line of Chiefs of the Ma and Libu tribes as traditionally believed but rather came from a family of priests.

text: Shepsesre

text: Tefnakht

text: in

text: Greek

text: known

text: as

text: Tnephachthos

text: was

text: prince

text: of

text: Sais

text: and

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: relatively

text: short

text: Twenty

text: fourth

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: he

text: rose

text: to

text: become

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Ma

text: in

text: his

text: home

text: city

text: He

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: reigned

text: roughly

text: BCE

text: to

text: BCE

text: or

text: years

text: Tefnakht

text: first

text: began

text: his

text: career

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: and

text: Prince

text: of

text: Sais

text: and

text: was

text: late

text: contemporary

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: dynasty

text: Shoshenq

text: Tefnakht

text: was

text: actually

text: the

text: second

text: ruler

text: of

text: Sais

text: he

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: Osorkon

text: who

text: is

text: attested

text: by

text: several

text: documents

text: mentioning

text: him

text: as

text: this

text: city

text: 's

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Ma

text: and

text: Army

text: Leader

text: according

text: to

text: Kenneth

text: Kitchen

text: while

text: his

text: predecessor

text: as

text: Great

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: was

text: man

text: named

text: Ankhhor

text: recently

text: discovered

text: statue

text: dedicated

text: by

text: Tefnakht

text: to

text: Amun

text: Re

text: reveals

text: important

text: details

text: about

text: his

text: personal

text: origins

text: The

text: statue

text: 's

text: text

text: states

text: that

text: Tefnakht

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: certain

text: Gemnefsutkapu

text: and

text: the

text: grandson

text: of

text: Basa

text: priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: near

text: Sais

text: Consequently

text: Tefnakht

text: was

text: not

text: actually

text: descended

text: from

text: line

text: of

text: Chiefs

text: of

text: the

text: Ma

text: and

text: Libu

text: tribes

text: as

text: traditionally

text: believed

text: but

text: rather

text: came

text: from

text: family

text: of

text: priests

text: Sextus Julius Africanus (c. 160  c. 240) was a Christian traveler and historian of the late second and early third centuries. He is important chiefly because of his influence on Eusebius, on all the later writers of Church history among the Church Fathers, and on the whole Greek school of chroniclers.

text: Sextus

text: Julius

text: Africanus

text: was

text: Christian

text: traveler

text: and

text: historian

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: second

text: and

text: early

text: third

text: centuries

text: He

text: is

text: important

text: chiefly

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: influence

text: on

text: Eusebius

text: on

text: all

text: the

text: later

text: writers

text: of

text: Church

text: history

text: among

text: the

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: whole

text: Greek

text: school

text: of

text: chroniclers

text: Bakenranef , known by the ancient Greeks as Bocchoris , was briefly a king of the Twenty - fourth dynasty of Egypt . Based at Sais in the western Delta , he ruled Lower Egypt from c. 725 to 720 BC. Though the Ptolemaic period Egyptian historian Manetho considers him the sole member of the Twenty - fourth dynasty , modern scholars include his father Tefnakht in that dynasty . Although Sextus Julius Africanus quotes Manetho as stating that `` Bocchoris '' ruled for six years , some modern scholars again differ and assign him a shorter reign of only five years , based on evidence from an Apis Bull burial stela . It establishes that Bakenranef 's reign ended only at the start of his 6th regnal year which , under the Egyptian dating system , means he had a reign of 5 full years . Bakenranef 's prenomen or royal name , Wahkare , means `` Constant is the Spirit of Re '' in Egyptian . Manetho is the source for two events from Bakenranef 's reign . The first is the story that a lamb uttered the prophecy that Egypt would be conquered by the Assyrians , a story later repeated by such classical authors as Claudius Aelianus ( De Natura Animalis 12.3 ) . The second was that Bakenranef was captured by Shabaka , a king of the Twenty - fifth dynasty , who executed Bakenrenef by having him burned alive . A Kushite king , Shabaka extended his rule over the whole of Egypt , which had been split since the Twenty - first dynasty . Diodorus Siculus , writing about three centuries after Manetho , adds some different details . Diodorus states that although Bakenranef was `` contemptible in appearance '' , he was wiser than his predecessors ( 1.65 ) . The Egyptians attributed to him a law concerning contracts , which provided for a way to discharge debts where no bond was signed ; it was observed down to Diodorus ' time ( 1.79 ) . For this , and other acts , Diodorus included `` Bocchoris '' as one of the six most important lawgivers of ancient Egypt . For a minor kinglet briefly in control of the Nile Delta , this is an unexpectedly prominent ranking : `` He was a surprising choice , '' Robin Lane Fox observes , `` Perhaps some Greeks , unknown to us , had had close dealings with him ; from his reign we have scarab - seals bearing his Egyptian name , one of which found its way into a contemporary Greek grave on Ischia up near the Bay of Naples . '' Ischia was the earliest of eighth - century Greek colonies in Italy . The Roman historian Tacitus mentions that many Greek and Roman writers thought he had a part in the origin of the Jewish nation : Most writers , however , agree in stating that once a disease , which horribly disfigured the body , broke out over Egypt ; that king Bocchoris , seeking a remedy , consulted the oracle of Hammon , and was bidden to cleanse his realm , and to convey into some foreign land this race detested by the gods . The people , who had been collected after diligent search , finding themselves left in a desert , sat for the most part in a stupor of grief , till one of the exiles , Moses by name , warned them not to look for any relief from God or man , forsaken as they were of both , but to trust to themselves , taking for their heaven - sent leader that man who should first help them to be quit of their present misery . They agreed , and in utter ignorance began to advance at random . Nothing , however , distressed them so much as the scarcity of water , and they had sunk ready to perish in all directions over the plain , when a herd of wild asses was seen to retire from their pasture to a rock shaded by trees . Moses followed them , and , guided by the appearance of a grassy spot , discovered an abundant spring of water . This furnished relief . After a continuous journey for six days , on the seventh they possessed themselves of a country , from which they expelled the inhabitants , and in which they founded a city and a temple Despite the importance implied by these writers , few contemporary records of Bakenranef have survived . The chief inscription of his reign concerns the death and burial of an Apis bull during Years 5 and 6 of his reign ; the remainder are a few stelae that Auguste Mariette recovered while excavating the Serapeum in Saqqara . Shabaka deposed and executed Bakenranef by burning him alive at the stake and buried the Bull in his own Year 2 ( 720 BC ) while campaigning in Lower Egypt . This effectively ended the short - lived 24th Dynasty of Egypt as a potential rival to the Nubian 25th Dynasty .

text: Bakenranef

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greeks

text: as

text: Bocchoris

text: was

text: briefly

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Twenty

text: fourth

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Based

text: at

text: Sais

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Delta

text: he

text: ruled

text: Lower

text: Egypt

text: from

text: to

text: BC

text: Though

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: period

text: Egyptian

text: historian

text: Manetho

text: considers

text: him

text: the

text: sole

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Twenty

text: fourth

text: dynasty

text: modern

text: scholars

text: include

text: his

text: father

text: Tefnakht

text: in

text: that

text: dynasty

text: Although

text: Sextus

text: Julius

text: Africanus

text: quotes

text: Manetho

text: as

text: stating

text: that

text: Bocchoris

text: ruled

text: for

text: six

text: years

text: some

text: modern

text: scholars

text: again

text: differ

text: and

text: assign

text: him

text: shorter

text: reign

text: of

text: only

text: five

text: years

text: based

text: on

text: evidence

text: from

text: an

text: Apis

text: Bull

text: burial

text: stela

text: It

text: establishes

text: that

text: Bakenranef

text: 's

text: reign

text: ended

text: only

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: his

text: regnal

text: year

text: which

text: under

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: dating

text: system

text: means

text: he

text: had

text: reign

text: of

text: full

text: years

text: Bakenranef

text: 's

text: prenomen

text: or

text: royal

text: name

text: Wahkare

text: means

text: Constant

text: is

text: the

text: Spirit

text: of

text: Re

text: in

text: Egyptian

text: Manetho

text: is

text: the

text: source

text: for

text: two

text: events

text: from

text: Bakenranef

text: 's

text: reign

text: The

text: first

text: is

text: the

text: story

text: that

text: lamb

text: uttered

text: the

text: prophecy

text: that

text: Egypt

text: would

text: be

text: conquered

text: by

text: the

text: Assyrians

text: story

text: later

text: repeated

text: by

text: such

text: classical

text: authors

text: as

text: Claudius

text: Aelianus

text: De

text: Natura

text: Animalis

text: The

text: second

text: was

text: that

text: Bakenranef

text: was

text: captured

text: by

text: Shabaka

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Twenty

text: fifth

text: dynasty

text: who

text: executed

text: Bakenrenef

text: by

text: having

text: him

text: burned

text: alive

text: Kushite

text: king

text: Shabaka

text: extended

text: his

text: rule

text: over

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Egypt

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: split

text: since

text: the

text: Twenty

text: first

text: dynasty

text: Diodorus

text: Siculus

text: writing

text: about

text: three

text: centuries

text: after

text: Manetho

text: adds

text: some

text: different

text: details

text: Diodorus

text: states

text: that

text: although

text: Bakenranef

text: was

text: contemptible

text: in

text: appearance

text: he

text: was

text: wiser

text: than

text: his

text: predecessors

text: The

text: Egyptians

text: attributed

text: to

text: him

text: law

text: concerning

text: contracts

text: which

text: provided

text: for

text: way

text: to

text: discharge

text: debts

text: where

text: no

text: bond

text: was

text: signed

text: it

text: was

text: observed

text: down

text: to

text: Diodorus

text: time

text: For

text: this

text: and

text: other

text: acts

text: Diodorus

text: included

text: Bocchoris

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: most

text: important

text: lawgivers

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: For

text: minor

text: kinglet

text: briefly

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Nile

text: Delta

text: this

text: is

text: an

text: unexpectedly

text: prominent

text: ranking

text: He

text: was

text: surprising

text: choice

text: Robin

text: Lane

text: Fox

text: observes

text: Perhaps

text: some

text: Greeks

text: unknown

text: to

text: us

text: had

text: had

text: close

text: dealings

text: with

text: him

text: from

text: his

text: reign

text: we

text: have

text: scarab

text: seals

text: bearing

text: his

text: Egyptian

text: name

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: found

text: its

text: way

text: into

text: contemporary

text: Greek

text: grave

text: on

text: Ischia

text: up

text: near

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Naples

text: Ischia

text: was

text: the

text: earliest

text: of

text: eighth

text: century

text: Greek

text: colonies

text: in

text: Italy

text: The

text: Roman

text: historian

text: Tacitus

text: mentions

text: that

text: many

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: writers

text: thought

text: he

text: had

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: nation

text: Most

text: writers

text: however

text: agree

text: in

text: stating

text: that

text: once

text: disease

text: which

text: horribly

text: disfigured

text: the

text: body

text: broke

text: out

text: over

text: Egypt

text: that

text: king

text: Bocchoris

text: seeking

text: remedy

text: consulted

text: the

text: oracle

text: of

text: Hammon

text: and

text: was

text: bidden

text: to

text: cleanse

text: his

text: realm

text: and

text: to

text: convey

text: into

text: some

text: foreign

text: land

text: this

text: race

text: detested

text: by

text: the

text: gods

text: The

text: people

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: collected

text: after

text: diligent

text: search

text: finding

text: themselves

text: left

text: in

text: desert

text: sat

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: in

text: stupor

text: of

text: grief

text: till

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: exiles

text: Moses

text: by

text: name

text: warned

text: them

text: not

text: to

text: look

text: for

text: any

text: relief

text: from

text: God

text: or

text: man

text: forsaken

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: of

text: both

text: but

text: to

text: trust

text: to

text: themselves

text: taking

text: for

text: their

text: heaven

text: sent

text: leader

text: that

text: man

text: who

text: should

text: first

text: help

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: quit

text: of

text: their

text: present

text: misery

text: They

text: agreed

text: and

text: in

text: utter

text: ignorance

text: began

text: to

text: advance

text: at

text: random

text: Nothing

text: however

text: distressed

text: them

text: so

text: much

text: as

text: the

text: scarcity

text: of

text: water

text: and

text: they

text: had

text: sunk

text: ready

text: to

text: perish

text: in

text: all

text: directions

text: over

text: the

text: plain

text: when

text: herd

text: of

text: wild

text: asses

text: was

text: seen

text: to

text: retire

text: from

text: their

text: pasture

text: to

text: rock

text: shaded

text: by

text: trees

text: Moses

text: followed

text: them

text: and

text: guided

text: by

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: grassy

text: spot

text: discovered

text: an

text: abundant

text: spring

text: of

text: water

text: This

text: furnished

text: relief

text: After

text: continuous

text: journey

text: for

text: six

text: days

text: on

text: the

text: seventh

text: they

text: possessed

text: themselves

text: of

text: country

text: from

text: which

text: they

text: expelled

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: founded

text: city

text: and

text: temple

text: Despite

text: the

text: importance

text: implied

text: by

text: these

text: writers

text: few

text: contemporary

text: records

text: of

text: Bakenranef

text: have

text: survived

text: The

text: chief

text: inscription

text: of

text: his

text: reign

text: concerns

text: the

text: death

text: and

text: burial

text: of

text: an

text: Apis

text: bull

text: during

text: Years

text: and

text: of

text: his

text: reign

text: the

text: remainder

text: are

text: few

text: stelae

text: that

text: Auguste

text: Mariette

text: recovered

text: while

text: excavating

text: the

text: Serapeum

text: in

text: Saqqara

text: Shabaka

text: deposed

text: and

text: executed

text: Bakenranef

text: by

text: burning

text: him

text: alive

text: at

text: the

text: stake

text: and

text: buried

text: the

text: Bull

text: in

text: his

text: own

text: Year

text: BC

text: while

text: campaigning

text: in

text: Lower

text: Egypt

text: This

text: effectively

text: ended

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: Dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: as

text: potential

text: rival

text: to

text: the

text: Nubian

text: Dynasty

text: Aakheperre Shoshenq V was a pharaoh of the late 22nd Dynasty.

text: Aakheperre

text: Shoshenq

text: was

text: pharaoh

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Dynasty

text: Lower Egypt ("") is the northernmost region of Egypt: the fertile Nile Delta, between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea  from El Aiyat, south of modern-day Cairo, and Dahshur.

text: Lower

text: Egypt

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: region

text: of

text: Egypt

text: the

text: fertile

text: Nile

text: Delta

text: between

text: Upper

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: from

text: El

text: Aiyat

text: south

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Cairo

text: and

text: Dahshur

text: Manetho is believed to have been an Egyptian priest from Sebennytos (ancient Egyptian: "Tjebnutjer") who lived during the Ptolemaic era in the early 3rd century BC.

text: Manetho

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: an

text: Egyptian

text: priest

text: from

text: Sebennytos

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: Tjebnutjer

text: who

text: lived

text: during

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: era

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: BC

text: The Libu (R'bw, Ribou, Labu) were an Ancient Libyan tribe of an Amazigh origin, from which the name "Libya" derives.

text: The

text: Libu

text: R'bw

text: Ribou

text: Labu

text: were

text: an

text: Ancient

text: Libyan

text: tribe

text: of

text: an

text: Amazigh

text: origin

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: name

text: Libya

text: derives

text: The Nile ( "en-Nl",  "an-Nl" "P(h)iaro"; Ancient Egyptian: "'p" and "Iteru"; Biblical Hebrew: , "Ha-Ye'or") is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It is generally regarded as the longest river in the world, however other conflicting sources cite a 2007 study that gave the title to the Amazon River in South America. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an "international" river as its water resources are shared by eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.

text: The

text: Nile

text: en

text: Nl

text: an

text: Nl

text: P(h)iaro

text: Ancient

text: Egyptian

text: and

text: Iteru

text: Biblical

text: Hebrew

text: Ha

text: Ye'or

text: is

text: major

text: north

text: flowing

text: river

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: however

text: other

text: conflicting

text: sources

text: cite

text: study

text: that

text: gave

text: the

text: title

text: to

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: The

text: Nile

text: which

text: is

text: km

text: miles

text: long

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: river

text: as

text: its

text: water

text: resources

text: are

text: shared

text: by

text: eleven

text: countries

text: namely

text: Tanzania

text: Uganda

text: Rwanda

text: Burundi

text: Congo

text: Kinshasa

text: Kenya

text: Ethiopia

text: Eritrea

text: South

text: Sudan

text: Sudan

text: and

text: Egypt

text: In

text: particular

text: the

text: Nile

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: water

text: source

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Sudan

question: position_held bakenranef

answer: pharaoh

text: pharaoh


text: A bus (archaically also omnibus, multibus, motorbus, autobus) is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers. The most common type of bus is the single-decker rigid bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses; coaches are used for longer-distance services. Many types of buses, such as city transit buses and inter-city coaches, charge a fare. Other types, such as elementary or secondary school buses or shuttle buses within a post-secondary education campus do not charge a fare. In many jurisdictions, bus drivers require a special licence above and beyond a regular driver's licence.

text: bus

text: archaically

text: also

text: omnibus

text: multibus

text: motorbus

text: autobus

text: is

text: road

text: vehicle

text: designed

text: to

text: carry

text: many

text: passengers

text: Buses

text: can

text: have

text: capacity

text: as

text: high

text: as

text: passengers

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: type

text: of

text: bus

text: is

text: the

text: single

text: decker

text: rigid

text: bus

text: with

text: larger

text: loads

text: carried

text: by

text: double

text: decker

text: and

text: articulated

text: buses

text: and

text: smaller

text: loads

text: carried

text: by

text: midibuses

text: and

text: minibuses

text: coaches

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: longer

text: distance

text: services

text: Many

text: types

text: of

text: buses

text: such

text: as

text: city

text: transit

text: buses

text: and

text: inter

text: city

text: coaches

text: charge

text: fare

text: Other

text: types

text: such

text: as

text: elementary

text: or

text: secondary

text: school

text: buses

text: or

text: shuttle

text: buses

text: within

text: post

text: secondary

text: education

text: campus

text: do

text: not

text: charge

text: fare

text: In

text: many

text: jurisdictions

text: bus

text: drivers

text: require

text: special

text: licence

text: above

text: and

text: beyond

text: regular

text: driver

text: 's

text: licence

text: An H engine (or H-block) is an engine configuration in which the cylinders are aligned so that if viewed from the front, they appear to be in a vertical or horizontal letter H.

text: An

text: engine

text: or

text: block

text: is

text: an

text: engine

text: configuration

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: cylinders

text: are

text: aligned

text: so

text: that

text: if

text: viewed

text: from

text: the

text: front

text: they

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: vertical

text: or

text: horizontal

text: letter

text: H (named "aitch" or also "haitch" plural "aitches" or "haitches") is the eighth letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

text: named

text: aitch

text: or

text: also

text: haitch

text: plural

text: aitches

text: or

text: haitches

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: letter

text: in

text: the

text: ISO

text: basic

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. The word originates from the Latin "loco"  "from a place", ablative of "locus", "place" + Medieval Latin "motivus", "causing motion", and is a shortened form of the term "locomotive engine", first used in the early 19th century to distinguish between mobile and stationary steam engines.

text: locomotive

text: or

text: engine

text: is

text: rail

text: transport

text: vehicle

text: that

text: provides

text: the

text: motive

text: power

text: for

text: train

text: The

text: word

text: originates

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: loco

text: from

text: place

text: ablative

text: of

text: locus

text: place

text: Medieval

text: Latin

text: motivus

text: causing

text: motion

text: and

text: is

text: shortened

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: locomotive

text: engine

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: to

text: distinguish

text: between

text: mobile

text: and

text: stationary

text: steam

text: engines

text: The straight or inline engine is an internal-combustion engine with all cylinders aligned in one row and having no offset. Usually found in four, six and eight cylinder configurations, they have been used in automobiles, locomotives and aircraft, although the term in-line has a broader meaning when applied to aircraft engines, see Inline engine (aviation).

text: The

text: straight

text: or

text: inline

text: engine

text: is

text: an

text: internal

text: combustion

text: engine

text: with

text: all

text: cylinders

text: aligned

text: in

text: one

text: row

text: and

text: having

text: no

text: offset

text: Usually

text: found

text: in

text: four

text: six

text: and

text: eight

text: cylinder

text: configurations

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: automobiles

text: locomotives

text: and

text: aircraft

text: although

text: the

text: term

text: in

text: line

text: has

text: broader

text: meaning

text: when

text: applied

text: to

text: aircraft

text: engines

text: see

text: Inline

text: engine

text: aviation

text: An aircraft is a machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines.

text: An

text: aircraft

text: is

text: machine

text: that

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: fly

text: by

text: gaining

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: It

text: counters

text: the

text: force

text: of

text: gravity

text: by

text: using

text: either

text: static

text: lift

text: or

text: by

text: using

text: the

text: dynamic

text: lift

text: of

text: an

text: airfoil

text: or

text: in

text: few

text: cases

text: the

text: downward

text: thrust

text: from

text: jet

text: engines

text: An aircraft engine is the component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates mechanical power. Aircraft engines are almost always either lightweight piston engines or gas turbines, except for small multicopter UAVs which are almost always electric aircraft.

text: An

text: aircraft

text: engine

text: is

text: the

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: propulsion

text: system

text: for

text: an

text: aircraft

text: that

text: generates

text: mechanical

text: power

text: Aircraft

text: engines

text: are

text: almost

text: always

text: either

text: lightweight

text: piston

text: engines

text: or

text: gas

text: turbines

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: multicopter

text: UAVs

text: which

text: are

text: almost

text: always

text: electric

text: aircraft

text: A U engine is a piston engine made up of two separate straight engines ( complete with separate crankshafts ) joined by gears or chains . It is similar to the H engine which couples two flat engines . The design is also sometimes described as a `` twin bank '' or `` double bank '' engine , although these terms are sometimes used also to describe V engines . This configuration is uncommon , as it is heavier than a V design . The main interest in this design is its ability to share common parts with straight engines . However , V engines with offset banks can also share straight engine parts ( except for the crankshaft ) , and this is therefore a far more common design today when both engine forms are produced from the same basic design .

text: engine

text: is

text: piston

text: engine

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: two

text: separate

text: straight

text: engines

text: complete

text: with

text: separate

text: crankshafts

text: joined

text: by

text: gears

text: or

text: chains

text: It

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: engine

text: which

text: couples

text: two

text: flat

text: engines

text: The

text: design

text: is

text: also

text: sometimes

text: described

text: as

text: twin

text: bank

text: or

text: double

text: bank

text: engine

text: although

text: these

text: terms

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: also

text: to

text: describe

text: engines

text: This

text: configuration

text: is

text: uncommon

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: heavier

text: than

text: design

text: The

text: main

text: interest

text: in

text: this

text: design

text: is

text: its

text: ability

text: to

text: share

text: common

text: parts

text: with

text: straight

text: engines

text: However

text: engines

text: with

text: offset

text: banks

text: can

text: also

text: share

text: straight

text: engine

text: parts

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: crankshaft

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: therefore

text: far

text: more

text: common

text: design

text: today

text: when

text: both

text: engine

text: forms

text: are

text: produced

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: basic

text: design

text: Engine configuration is an engineering term for the layout of the major components of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. These components are the cylinders and crankshafts in particular but also, sometimes, the camshaft(s).

text: Engine

text: configuration

text: is

text: an

text: engineering

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: layout

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: components

text: of

text: reciprocating

text: piston

text: internal

text: combustion

text: engine

text: These

text: components

text: are

text: the

text: cylinders

text: and

text: crankshafts

text: in

text: particular

text: but

text: also

text: sometimes

text: the

text: camshaft(s

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely single

question: instance_of u engine

answer: engine configuration

text: engine configuration

text: engine configuration