text: Athens ("Athína" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study.

text: Athens

text: Athína

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Greece

text: Athens

text: dominates

text: the

text: Attica

text: region

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: cities

text: with

text: its

text: recorded

text: history

text: spanning

text: over

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: earliest

text: human

text: presence

text: starting

text: somewhere

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: millennia

text: BC

text: Classical

text: Athens

text: was

text: powerful

text: city

text: state

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: seagoing

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Piraeus

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: distinct

text: city

text: prior

text: to

text: its

text: century

text: BC

text: incorporation

text: with

text: Athens

text: centre

text: for

text: the

text: arts

text: learning

text: and

text: philosophy

text: home

text: of

text: Plato

text: 's

text: Academy

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: Lyceum

text: it

text: is

text: widely

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: cradle

text: of

text: Western

text: civilization

text: and

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: democracy

text: largely

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: Romans

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: Athens

text: is

text: large

text: cosmopolitan

text: metropolis

text: and

text: central

text: to

text: economic

text: financial

text: industrial

text: maritime

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: life

text: in

text: Greece

text: In

text: Athens

text: was

text: ranked

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: richest

text: city

text: by

text: purchasing

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: in

text: UBS

text: study

text: Medieval Greek, also known as Byzantine Greek, is the stage of the Greek language between the end of Classical antiquity in the 5th-6th centuries and the end of the Middle Ages, conventionally dated to the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453. From the 7th century onwards, Greek was the only language of administration and government in the Byzantine Empire. This stage of language is thus described as Byzantine Greek. The study of the Medieval Greek language and literature is a branch of Byzantine Studies, or Byzantinology, the study of the history and culture of the Byzantine Empire.

text: Medieval

text: Greek

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Byzantine

text: Greek

text: is

text: the

text: stage

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: language

text: between

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Classical

text: antiquity

text: in

text: the

text: centuries

text: and

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: conventionally

text: dated

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: conquest

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: in

text: From

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: Greek

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: language

text: of

text: administration

text: and

text: government

text: in

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: This

text: stage

text: of

text: language

text: is

text: thus

text: described

text: as

text: Byzantine

text: Greek

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: Medieval

text: Greek

text: language

text: and

text: literature

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: Byzantine

text: Studies

text: or

text: Byzantinology

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: and

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: Kouropalats, Latinized as curopalates or curopalata (from "[the one in] charge of the palace") and Anglicized as curopalate, was a Byzantine court title, one of the highest from the time of Emperor Justinian I (r. 527565) to that of the Komnenoi in the 12th century. The female variant, held by the spouses of the "kouropalatai", was kouropalatissa.

text: Kouropalats

text: Latinized

text: as

text: curopalates

text: or

text: curopalata

text: from

text: the

text: one

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: and

text: Anglicized

text: as

text: curopalate

text: was

text: Byzantine

text: court

text: title

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: from

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Justinian

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Komnenoi

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: female

text: variant

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: spouses

text: of

text: the

text: kouropalatai

text: was

text: kouropalatissa

text: Rhetoric is the art of discourse, wherein a writer or speaker strives to inform, persuade or motivate particular audiences in specific situations. As a subject of formal study and a productive civic practice, rhetoric has played a central role in the European tradition. Its best known definition comes from Aristotle, who considers it a counterpart of both logic and politics, and calls it "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion." Rhetoric typically provides heuristics for understanding, discovering, and developing arguments for particular situations, such as Aristotle's three persuasive audience appeals, logos, pathos, and ethos. The five canons of rhetoric, which trace the traditional tasks in designing a persuasive speech, were first codified in classical Rome: invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. Along with grammar and logic (or dialecticsee Martianus Capella), rhetoric is one of the three ancient arts of discourse.

text: Rhetoric

text: is

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: discourse

text: wherein

text: writer

text: or

text: speaker

text: strives

text: to

text: inform

text: persuade

text: or

text: motivate

text: particular

text: audiences

text: in

text: specific

text: situations

text: As

text: subject

text: of

text: formal

text: study

text: and

text: productive

text: civic

text: practice

text: rhetoric

text: has

text: played

text: central

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: tradition

text: Its

text: best

text: known

text: definition

text: comes

text: from

text: Aristotle

text: who

text: considers

text: it

text: counterpart

text: of

text: both

text: logic

text: and

text: politics

text: and

text: calls

text: it

text: the

text: faculty

text: of

text: observing

text: in

text: any

text: given

text: case

text: the

text: available

text: means

text: of

text: persuasion

text: Rhetoric

text: typically

text: provides

text: heuristics

text: for

text: understanding

text: discovering

text: and

text: developing

text: arguments

text: for

text: particular

text: situations

text: such

text: as

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: three

text: persuasive

text: audience

text: appeals

text: logos

text: pathos

text: and

text: ethos

text: The

text: five

text: canons

text: of

text: rhetoric

text: which

text: trace

text: the

text: traditional

text: tasks

text: in

text: designing

text: persuasive

text: speech

text: were

text: first

text: codified

text: in

text: classical

text: Rome

text: invention

text: arrangement

text: style

text: memory

text: and

text: delivery

text: Along

text: with

text: grammar

text: and

text: logic

text: or

text: dialecticsee

text: Martianus

text: Capella

text: rhetoric

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: ancient

text: arts

text: of

text: discourse

text: Homer (, "Hómros") is the name ascribed by the Ancient Greeks to the semi-legendary author of the two epic poems, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey", the central works of Greek literature. Many accounts of Homer's life circulated in classical antiquity, the most widespread being that he was a blind bard from Ionia, a region of central coastal Anatolia in present-day Turkey. The modern scholarly consensus is that these traditions do not have any historical value.

text: Homer

text: Hómros

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: ascribed

text: by

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greeks

text: to

text: the

text: semi

text: legendary

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: epic

text: poems

text: the

text: Iliad

text: and

text: the

text: Odyssey

text: the

text: central

text: works

text: of

text: Greek

text: literature

text: Many

text: accounts

text: of

text: Homer

text: 's

text: life

text: circulated

text: in

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: being

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: blind

text: bard

text: from

text: Ionia

text: region

text: of

text: central

text: coastal

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Turkey

text: The

text: modern

text: scholarly

text: consensus

text: is

text: that

text: these

text: traditions

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: any

text: historical

text: value

text: In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

text: In

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: or

text: medieval

text: period

text: lasted

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: The

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: the

text: middle

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: traditional

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: history

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: medieval

text: period

text: is

text: itself

text: subdivided

text: into

text: the

text: Early

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th-9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the period of Archaic Greece and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC. Due to the conquests by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Hellenistic civilization flourished from Central Asia to the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. The Hellenistic period came to an end with the conquests and annexations of the eastern Mediterranean world by the Roman Republic, which established the Roman province of Macedonia in Roman Greece, and later the province of Achaea during the Roman Empire.

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: was

text: civilization

text: belonging

text: to

text: period

text: of

text: Greek

text: history

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: of

text: the

text: centuries

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: antiquity

text: AD

text: Immediately

text: following

text: this

text: period

text: was

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: era

text: Roughly

text: three

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: collapse

text: of

text: Mycenaean

text: Greece

text: Greek

text: urban

text: poleis

text: began

text: to

text: form

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: ushering

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Archaic

text: Greece

text: and

text: colonization

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: an

text: era

text: that

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Greco

text: Persian

text: Wars

text: lasting

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: conquests

text: by

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: Hellenistic

text: civilization

text: flourished

text: from

text: Central

text: Asia

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: The

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: with

text: the

text: conquests

text: and

text: annexations

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: in

text: Roman

text: Greece

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Achaea

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Justinian I  (482 14 November 565), traditionally known as Justinian the Great and also Saint Justinian the Great in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was a Byzantine (East Roman) emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the historical Roman Empire. Justinian's rule constitutes a distinct epoch in the history of the Later Roman empire, and his reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized "renovatio imperii", or "restoration of the Empire".

text: Justinian

text: November

text: traditionally

text: known

text: as

text: Justinian

text: the

text: Great

text: and

text: also

text: Saint

text: Justinian

text: the

text: Great

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: was

text: Byzantine

text: East

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: from

text: to

text: During

text: his

text: reign

text: Justinian

text: sought

text: to

text: revive

text: the

text: empire

text: 's

text: greatness

text: and

text: reconquer

text: the

text: lost

text: western

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: historical

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Justinian

text: 's

text: rule

text: constitutes

text: distinct

text: epoch

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Later

text: Roman

text: empire

text: and

text: his

text: reign

text: is

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: ambitious

text: but

text: only

text: partly

text: realized

text: renovatio

text: imperii

text: or

text: restoration

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: Greek (Modern Greek: , "elliniká", "Greek", , "ellinikí glóssa", "Greek language") is the only surviving member of the Hellenic languages branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, western and northeastern Asia Minor, southern Italy, Albania and Cyprus. It has the longest documented history of any living language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history; other systems, such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary, were used previously. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic and many other writing systems.

text: Greek

text: Modern

text: Greek

text: elliniká

text: Greek

text: ellinikí

text: glóssa

text: Greek

text: language

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: surviving

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: languages

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: family

text: of

text: languages

text: native

text: to

text: Greece

text: western

text: and

text: northeastern

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: southern

text: Italy

text: Albania

text: and

text: Cyprus

text: It

text: has

text: the

text: longest

text: documented

text: history

text: of

text: any

text: living

text: language

text: spanning

text: centuries

text: of

text: written

text: records

text: Its

text: writing

text: system

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: Greek

text: alphabet

text: for

text: the

text: major

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: other

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: Linear

text: and

text: the

text: Cypriot

text: syllabary

text: were

text: used

text: previously

text: The

text: alphabet

text: arose

text: from

text: the

text: Phoenician

text: script

text: and

text: was

text: in

text: turn

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: Cyrillic

text: Armenian

text: Coptic

text: Gothic

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: writing

text: systems

text:
Byzantine literature is the Greek literature of the Middle Ages, whether written in the territory of the Byzantine Empire or outside its borders. It forms the second period in the history of Greek literature, though "popular" Byzantine literature and early Modern Greek literature, which begin in the 11th century, are indistinguishable.
Characteristics.
Many of the classical Greek genres, such as drama and choral lyric poetry, had been obsolete by late antiquity, and all medieval literature in the Greek language was written in an archaizing style, which imitated the writers of ancient Greece. This practice was perpetuated by a long-established system of Greek education where rhetoric was a leading subject. A typical product of this Byzantine education was the Greek Church Fathers, who shared the literary values of their pagan contemporaries. Consequently, the vast Christian literature of the 3rd to 6th centuries established a synthesis of Hellenic and Christian thought. As a result, Byzantine literature was largely written in a style of Atticistic Greek, far removed from the popular Medieval Greek that was spoken by all classes of Byzantine society in their everyday lives. In addition, this literary style was also removed from the Koine Greek language of the New Testament, reaching back to Homer and the writers of ancient Athens.

text: Byzantine

text: literature

text: is

text: the

text: Greek

text: literature

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: whether

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: or

text: outside

text: its

text: borders

text: It

text: forms

text: the

text: second

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Greek

text: literature

text: though

text: popular

text: Byzantine

text: literature

text: and

text: early

text: Modern

text: Greek

text: literature

text: which

text: begin

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: are

text: indistinguishable

text: Characteristics

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: Greek

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: drama

text: and

text: choral

text: lyric

text: poetry

text: had

text: been

text: obsolete

text: by

text: late

text: antiquity

text: and

text: all

text: medieval

text: literature

text: in

text: the

text: Greek

text: language

text: was

text: written

text: in

text: an

text: archaizing

text: style

text: which

text: imitated

text: the

text: writers

text: of

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: This

text: practice

text: was

text: perpetuated

text: by

text: long

text: established

text: system

text: of

text: Greek

text: education

text: where

text: rhetoric

text: was

text: leading

text: subject

text: typical

text: product

text: of

text: this

text: Byzantine

text: education

text: was

text: the

text: Greek

text: Church

text: Fathers

text: who

text: shared

text: the

text: literary

text: values

text: of

text: their

text: pagan

text: contemporaries

text: Consequently

text: the

text: vast

text: Christian

text: literature

text: of

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: established

text: synthesis

text: of

text: Hellenic

text: and

text: Christian

text: thought

text: As

text: result

text: Byzantine

text: literature

text: was

text: largely

text: written

text: in

text: style

text: of

text: Atticistic

text: Greek

text: far

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: popular

text: Medieval

text: Greek

text: that

text: was

text: spoken

text: by

text: all

text: classes

text: of

text: Byzantine

text: society

text: in

text: their

text: everyday

text: lives

text: In

text: addition

text: this

text: literary

text: style

text: was

text: also

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: Koine

text: Greek

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: reaching

text: back

text: to

text: Homer

text: and

text: the

text: writers

text: of

text: ancient

text: Athens

text: George Kodinos or Codinus ( Greek :   ) , also Pseudo-Kodinos , kouropalates in the Byzantine court , is the reputed 14th - century author of three extant works in late Byzantine literature . Their attribution to him is merely a matter of convenience , two of them being anonymous in the manuscripts . f Kodinos himself nothing is known ; it is supposed that he lived towards the end of the 15th century . The works referred to are the following : Patria (   ) , treating of the history , topography , and monuments of Constantinople . It is divided into five sections : ( a ) the foundation of the city ; ( b ) its situation , limits and topography ; ( c ) its statues , works of art , and other notable sights ; ( d ) its buildings ; ( e ) and the construction of the Hagia Sophia . It was written in the reign of Basil II ( 976 - 1025 ) , revised and rearranged under Alexios I Komnenos ( 1081 -- 1118 ) , and perhaps copied by Codinus , whose name it bears in some ( later ) manuscripts . The chief sources are : the Patria of Hesychius Illustrius of Miletus , the anonymous Parastaseis syntomoi chronikai , and an anonymous account (  ) of St Sophia ( ed. Theodor Preger in Scriptores originum Constantinopolitanarum , fasc . i , 1901 , followed by the Patria of Codinus ) . Procopius , De Aedificiis and the poem of Paulus Silentiarius on the dedication of St. Sophia should be read in connexion with this subject . De Officiis (       K       ) , a treatise , written in an unattractive style between 1347 and 1368 , of the court and higher ecclesiastical dignities and of the ceremonies proper to different occasions , as they had evolved by the middle Palaiologan period . It should be compared with the earlier De Ceremoniis of Constantine Porphyrogenitus and other Taktika of the 9th and 10th centuries . A chronological outline of events from the beginning of the world to the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans ( called Agarenes in the manuscript title ) . It is of little value . Complete editions are ( by Immanuel Bekker ) in the Bonn Corpus scriptorum Hist . Byz . ( 1839 -- 1843 , where , however , some sections of the Patria are omitted ) , and in JP Migne , Patrologia graeca civil . ; see also Karl Krumbacher , Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur ( 1897 ) .

text: George

text: Kodinos

text: or

text: Codinus

text: Greek

text: also

text: Pseudo

text: Kodinos

text: kouropalates

text: in

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: court

text: is

text: the

text: reputed

text: century

text: author

text: of

text: three

text: extant

text: works

text: in

text: late

text: Byzantine

text: literature

text: Their

text: attribution

text: to

text: him

text: is

text: merely

text: matter

text: of

text: convenience

text: two

text: of

text: them

text: being

text: anonymous

text: in

text: the

text: manuscripts

text: Kodinos

text: himself

text: nothing

text: is

text: known

text: it

text: is

text: supposed

text: that

text: he

text: lived

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: works

text: referred

text: to

text: are

text: the

text: following

text: Patria

text: treating

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: topography

text: and

text: monuments

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: It

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: five

text: sections

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: its

text: situation

text: limits

text: and

text: topography

text: its

text: statues

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: other

text: notable

text: sights

text: its

text: buildings

text: and

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: Hagia

text: Sophia

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Basil

text: II

text: revised

text: and

text: rearranged

text: under

text: Alexios

text: Komnenos

text: and

text: perhaps

text: copied

text: by

text: Codinus

text: whose

text: name

text: it

text: bears

text: in

text: some

text: later

text: manuscripts

text: The

text: chief

text: sources

text: are

text: the

text: Patria

text: of

text: Hesychius

text: Illustrius

text: of

text: Miletus

text: the

text: anonymous

text: Parastaseis

text: syntomoi

text: chronikai

text: and

text: an

text: anonymous

text: account

text: of

text: St

text: Sophia

text: ed

text: Theodor

text: Preger

text: in

text: Scriptores

text: originum

text: Constantinopolitanarum

text: fasc

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Patria

text: of

text: Codinus

text: Procopius

text: De

text: Aedificiis

text: and

text: the

text: poem

text: of

text: Paulus

text: Silentiarius

text: on

text: the

text: dedication

text: of

text: St.

text: Sophia

text: should

text: be

text: read

text: in

text: connexion

text: with

text: this

text: subject

text: De

text: Officiis

text: treatise

text: written

text: in

text: an

text: unattractive

text: style

text: between

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: court

text: and

text: higher

text: ecclesiastical

text: dignities

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: ceremonies

text: proper

text: to

text: different

text: occasions

text: as

text: they

text: had

text: evolved

text: by

text: the

text: middle

text: Palaiologan

text: period

text: It

text: should

text: be

text: compared

text: with

text: the

text: earlier

text: De

text: Ceremoniis

text: of

text: Constantine

text: Porphyrogenitus

text: and

text: other

text: Taktika

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: chronological

text: outline

text: of

text: events

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: the

text: Fall

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: to

text: the

text: Ottomans

text: called

text: Agarenes

text: in

text: the

text: manuscript

text: title

text: It

text: is

text: of

text: little

text: value

text: Complete

text: editions

text: are

text: by

text: Immanuel

text: Bekker

text: in

text: the

text: Bonn

text: Corpus

text: scriptorum

text: Hist

text: Byz

text: where

text: however

text: some

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: Patria

text: are

text: omitted

text: and

text: in

text: JP

text: Migne

text: Patrologia

text: graeca

text: civil

text: see

text: also

text: Karl

text: Krumbacher

text: Geschichte

text: der

text: byzantinischen

text: Litteratur

text: The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the "Roman Empire" (tr. ), or "Romania", and to themselves as "Romans".

text: The

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: during

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: when

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: Constantinople

text: modern

text: day

text: Istanbul

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: founded

text: as

text: Byzantium

text: It

text: survived

text: the

text: fragmentation

text: and

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: and

text: continued

text: to

text: exist

text: for

text: an

text: additional

text: thousand

text: years

text: until

text: it

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Turks

text: in

text: During

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: economic

text: cultural

text: and

text: military

text: force

text: in

text: Europe

text: Both

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: are

text: historiographical

text: terms

text: created

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: realm

text: its

text: citizens

text: continued

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: their

text: empire

text: as

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: tr

text: or

text: Romania

text: and

text: to

text: themselves

text: as

text: Romans

question: country_of_citizenship george kodinos

answer: byzantine empire

text: byzantine empire

text: byzantine empire

text: byzantine empire

text: byzantine empire

text: byzantine empire


text: The English word spirit, from Latin "spiritus" "breath", has many different meanings and connotations, most of them relating to a non-corporeal substance contrasted with the material body. It can also refer to a "subtle" as opposed to "gross" material substance, as in the famous last paragraph of Sir Isaac Newton's "Principia Mathematica".

text: The

text: English

text: word

text: spirit

text: from

text: Latin

text: spiritus

text: breath

text: has

text: many

text: different

text: meanings

text: and

text: connotations

text: most

text: of

text: them

text: relating

text: to

text: non

text: corporeal

text: substance

text: contrasted

text: with

text: the

text: material

text: body

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: subtle

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: gross

text: material

text: substance

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: famous

text: last

text: paragraph

text: of

text: Sir

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: 's

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: In Greek mythology, Hypnos ("sleep") is the personification of sleep; the Roman equivalent is known as Somnus.

text: In

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: Hypnos

text: sleep

text: is

text: the

text: personification

text: of

text: sleep

text: the

text: Roman

text: equivalent

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Somnus

text: In Greek mythology Hemera ("day") was the personification of day and one of the Greek primordial deities. She is the goddess of the daytime and, according to Hesiod, the daughter of Erebus and Nyx (the goddess of night). Hemera is remarked upon in Cicero's "De Natura Deorum", where it is logically determined that "Dies" (Hemera) must be a god, if Uranus is a god. The poet Bacchylides states that Nyx and Chronos are the parents, but Hyginus in his preface to the "Fabulae" mentions Chaos as the mother/father and Nyx as her sister.

text: In

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: Hemera

text: day

text: was

text: the

text: personification

text: of

text: day

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: primordial

text: deities

text: She

text: is

text: the

text: goddess

text: of

text: the

text: daytime

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: Hesiod

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: Erebus

text: and

text: Nyx

text: the

text: goddess

text: of

text: night

text: Hemera

text: is

text: remarked

text: upon

text: in

text: Cicero

text: 's

text: De

text: Natura

text: Deorum

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: logically

text: determined

text: that

text: Dies

text: Hemera

text: must

text: be

text: god

text: if

text: Uranus

text: is

text: god

text: The

text: poet

text: Bacchylides

text: states

text: that

text: Nyx

text: and

text: Chronos

text: are

text: the

text: parents

text: but

text: Hyginus

text: in

text: his

text: preface

text: to

text: the

text: Fabulae

text: mentions

text: Chaos

text: as

text: the

text: mother

text: father

text: and

text: Nyx

text: as

text: her

text: sister

text: Nyx ("Night") is the Greek goddess (or personification) of the night. A shadowy figure, Nyx stood at or near the beginning of creation and mothered other personified deities such as Hypnos (Sleep) and Thanatos (Death), with Erebus (Darkness). Her appearances are sparse in surviving mythology, but reveal her as a figure of such exceptional power and beauty that she is feared by Zeus himself.

text: Nyx

text: Night

text: is

text: the

text: Greek

text: goddess

text: or

text: personification

text: of

text: the

text: night

text: shadowy

text: figure

text: Nyx

text: stood

text: at

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: creation

text: and

text: mothered

text: other

text: personified

text: deities

text: such

text: as

text: Hypnos

text: Sleep

text: and

text: Thanatos

text: Death

text: with

text: Erebus

text: Darkness

text: Her

text: appearances

text: are

text: sparse

text: in

text: surviving

text: mythology

text: but

text: reveal

text: her

text: as

text: figure

text: of

text: such

text: exceptional

text: power

text: and

text: beauty

text: that

text: she

text: is

text: feared

text: by

text: Zeus

text: himself

text: In Greek mythology, Erebus , also Erebos ("deep darkness, shadow"), was often conceived as a primordial deity, representing the personification of darkness; for instance, Hesiod's "Theogony" identifies him as one of the first five beings in existence, born of Chaos. Erebus features little in Greek mythological tradition and literature, but is said to have fathered several other deities with Nyx; depending on the source of the mythology, this union includes Aether, Hemera, the Hesperides, Hypnos, the Moirai, Geras, Styx, Charon, and Thanatos.

text: In

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: Erebus

text: also

text: Erebos

text: deep

text: darkness

text: shadow

text: was

text: often

text: conceived

text: as

text: primordial

text: deity

text: representing

text: the

text: personification

text: of

text: darkness

text: for

text: instance

text: Hesiod

text: 's

text: Theogony

text: identifies

text: him

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: beings

text: in

text: existence

text: born

text: of

text: Chaos

text: Erebus

text: features

text: little

text: in

text: Greek

text: mythological

text: tradition

text: and

text: literature

text: but

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: fathered

text: several

text: other

text: deities

text: with

text: Nyx

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: mythology

text: this

text: union

text: includes

text: Aether

text: Hemera

text: the

text: Hesperides

text: Hypnos

text: the

text: Moirai

text: Geras

text: Styx

text: Charon

text: and

text: Thanatos

text: In Greek mythology , Epiphron ( `` prudence , care '' ) was the son of Erebus and Nyx ; he was the daimon or spirit of prudence , shrewdness , thoughtfulness , carefulness and sagacity .

text: In

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: Epiphron

text: prudence

text: care

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Erebus

text: and

text: Nyx

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: daimon

text: or

text: spirit

text: of

text: prudence

text: shrewdness

text: thoughtfulness

text: carefulness

text: and

text: sagacity

text: Zeus ("Zeús", ; Modern , "Días" ) was the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical to those of the Indo-European deities such as Indra, Jupiter, Perun, Thor, and Odin.

text: Zeus

text: Zeús

text: Modern

text: Días

text: was

text: the

text: sky

text: and

text: thunder

text: god

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: religion

text: who

text: ruled

text: as

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: gods

text: of

text: Mount

text: Olympus

text: His

text: name

text: is

text: cognate

text: with

text: the

text: first

text: element

text: of

text: his

text: Roman

text: equivalent

text: Jupiter

text: His

text: mythologies

text: and

text: powers

text: are

text: similar

text: though

text: not

text: identical

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: deities

text: such

text: as

text: Indra

text: Jupiter

text: Perun

text: Thor

text: and

text: Odin

text: In Greek mythology, the Hesperides are the nymphs of evening and golden light of sunset, who were the "Daughters of the Evening" or "Nymphs of the West". They tend a blissful garden in a far western corner of the world, located near the Atlas mountains in North Africa at the edge of the encircling Oceanus, the world-ocean.

text: In

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: the

text: Hesperides

text: are

text: the

text: nymphs

text: of

text: evening

text: and

text: golden

text: light

text: of

text: sunset

text: who

text: were

text: the

text: Daughters

text: of

text: the

text: Evening

text: or

text: Nymphs

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: They

text: tend

text: blissful

text: garden

text: in

text: far

text: western

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: Atlas

text: mountains

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: at

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: encircling

text: Oceanus

text: the

text: world

text: ocean

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: father epiphron

answer: erebos

text: erebos


text: The Americas, also collectively called America, encompass the totality of the continents of North America and South America. Together they make up most of Earth's western hemisphere and comprise the "New World".

text: The

text: Americas

text: also

text: collectively

text: called

text: America

text: encompass

text: the

text: totality

text: of

text: the

text: continents

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: Together

text: they

text: make

text: up

text: most

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: western

text: hemisphere

text: and

text: comprise

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea") and South Korea (officially the "Republic of Korea"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea.

text: Korea

text: is

text: historical

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: since

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: distinct

text: sovereign

text: states

text: North

text: Korea

text: officially

text: the

text: Democratic

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: Korea

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Japan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Korea

text: Strait

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: Sea

text: The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.

text: The

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: It

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: to

text: Antarctica

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: and

text: Australia

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.

text: Asia

text: is

text: Earth

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: hemispheres

text: and

text: sharing

text: the

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: continent

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: civilizations

text: Asia

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: its

text: overall

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: also

text: dense

text: and

text: large

text: settlements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: vast

text: barely

text: populated

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: billion

text: people

text: The original Jaleco Ltd was founded in 1974. In 2006, it decided to become a pure holding company by renaming itself Jaleco Holding and splitting its video game operations into a newly created subsidiary that took its former name of Jaleco Ltd. In 2009, Jaleco Holding sold Jaleco Ltd to Game Yarou and subsequently changed its own name to Emcom Holdings.

text: The

text: original

text: Jaleco

text: Ltd

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: In

text: it

text: decided

text: to

text: become

text: pure

text: holding

text: company

text: by

text: renaming

text: itself

text: Jaleco

text: Holding

text: and

text: splitting

text: its

text: video

text: game

text: operations

text: into

text: newly

text: created

text: subsidiary

text: that

text: took

text: its

text: former

text: name

text: of

text: Jaleco

text: Ltd.

text: In

text: Jaleco

text: Holding

text: sold

text: Jaleco

text: Ltd

text: to

text: Game

text: Yarou

text: and

text: subsequently

text: changed

text: its

text: own

text: name

text: to

text: Emcom

text: Holdings

text: Brawl Brothers, known in Japan as , is a side-scrolling beat 'em up game developed and published by Jaleco for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System in 1992. It is the second game in the "Rushing Beat" series, after "Rival Turf!", and was followed by "The Peace Keepers" in 1993.

text: Brawl

text: Brothers

text: known

text: in

text: Japan

text: as

text: is

text: side

text: scrolling

text: beat

text: 'em

text: up

text: game

text: developed

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Jaleco

text: for

text: the

text: Super

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: game

text: in

text: the

text: Rushing

text: Beat

text: series

text: after

text: Rival

text: Turf

text: and

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: The

text: Peace

text: Keepers

text: in

text: , sometimes abbreviated as VC, is a specialized section of the Wii Shop Channel and Nintendo eShop online services that allows players to purchase and download retro games (mostly unaltered) for Nintendo's Wii and Wii U home gaming consoles and the Nintendo 3DS portable gaming console. Reggie Fils-Aime has stated that a Virtual Console service will also be featured on Nintendo Switch.

text: sometimes

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: VC

text: is

text: specialized

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Wii

text: Shop

text: Channel

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: eShop

text: online

text: services

text: that

text: allows

text: players

text: to

text: purchase

text: and

text: download

text: retro

text: games

text: mostly

text: unaltered

text: for

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: Wii

text: and

text: Wii

text: home

text: gaming

text: consoles

text: and

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: portable

text: gaming

text: console

text: Reggie

text: Fils

text: Aime

text: has

text: stated

text: that

text: Virtual

text: Console

text: service

text: will

text: also

text: be

text: featured

text: on

text: Nintendo

text: Switch

text:
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.
Taiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy.

text: Taiwan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: ROC

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: Neighbors

text: include

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: PRC

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Japan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: the

text: Philippines

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Taiwan

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: the

text: one

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: economy

text:
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's North pole.
Due to the Earth's axial tilt, winter in the Northern Hemisphere lasts from the December solstice (typically December 21 UTC) to the March Equinox (typically March 20 UTC), while summer lasts from the June solstice (typically June 21 UTC) through to the September equinox (typically September 23 UTC). The dates vary each year due to the difference between the calendar year and the astronomical year.

text: The

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: is

text: the

text: half

text: of

text: Earth

text: that

text: is

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: equator

text: For

text: other

text: planets

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: north

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: celestial

text: hemisphere

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: invariable

text: plane

text: of

text: the

text: solar

text: system

text: as

text: Earth

text: 's

text: North

text: pole

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: axial

text: tilt

text: winter

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: lasts

text: from

text: the

text: December

text: solstice

text: typically

text: December

text: UTC

text: to

text: the

text: March

text: Equinox

text: typically

text: March

text: UTC

text: while

text: summer

text: lasts

text: from

text: the

text: June

text: solstice

text: typically

text: June

text: UTC

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: September

text: equinox

text: typically

text: September

text: UTC

text: The

text: dates

text: vary

text: each

text: year

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: the

text: calendar

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: astronomical

text: year

text: The Arctic (or ) is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth. The Arctic consists of the Arctic Ocean, adjacent seas, and parts of Alaska (United States), Canada, Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Iceland, Norway, Russia, and Sweden. Land within the Arctic region has seasonally varying snow and ice cover, with predominantly treeless permafrost-containing tundra. Arctic seas contain seasonal sea ice in many places.

text: The

text: Arctic

text: or

text: is

text: polar

text: region

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: northernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Earth

text: The

text: Arctic

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: adjacent

text: seas

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Alaska

text: United

text: States

text: Canada

text: Finland

text: Greenland

text: Denmark

text: Iceland

text: Norway

text: Russia

text: and

text: Sweden

text: Land

text: within

text: the

text: Arctic

text: region

text: has

text: seasonally

text: varying

text: snow

text: and

text: ice

text: cover

text: with

text: predominantly

text: treeless

text: permafrost

text: containing

text: tundra

text: Arctic

text: seas

text: contain

text: seasonal

text: sea

text: ice

text: in

text: many

text: places

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: The Peace Keepers , known in Japan as Rushing Beat Syura (    Rasshingu Bto Shura ) is a beat ' em up video game released for the Super Nintendo in 1993 . It is the third game and final game in the Rushing Beat trilogy , following Rival Turf ! and Brawl Brothers , although the three games were localized as unrelated titles in North America . The game distinguishes itself from the rest of the series by shifting focus from the two main characters of the previous games ( Douglas Bild and Rick Norton in Japan ) . It also adds a variety of new features including new special attacks , branching gameplay paths and multiple endings . Like the previous games in the series , The Peace Keepers features various changes from the original Japanese version . The story was altered , as were various aspects of the game 's presentation and gameplay .

text: The

text: Peace

text: Keepers

text: known

text: in

text: Japan

text: as

text: Rushing

text: Beat

text: Syura

text: Rasshingu

text: Bto

text: Shura

text: is

text: beat

text: em

text: up

text: video

text: game

text: released

text: for

text: the

text: Super

text: Nintendo

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: game

text: and

text: final

text: game

text: in

text: the

text: Rushing

text: Beat

text: trilogy

text: following

text: Rival

text: Turf

text: and

text: Brawl

text: Brothers

text: although

text: the

text: three

text: games

text: were

text: localized

text: as

text: unrelated

text: titles

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: game

text: distinguishes

text: itself

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: by

text: shifting

text: focus

text: from

text: the

text: two

text: main

text: characters

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: games

text: Douglas

text: Bild

text: and

text: Rick

text: Norton

text: in

text: Japan

text: It

text: also

text: adds

text: variety

text: of

text: new

text: features

text: including

text: new

text: special

text: attacks

text: branching

text: gameplay

text: paths

text: and

text: multiple

text: endings

text: Like

text: the

text: previous

text: games

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: The

text: Peace

text: Keepers

text: features

text: various

text: changes

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: Japanese

text: version

text: The

text: story

text: was

text: altered

text: as

text: were

text: various

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: 's

text: presentation

text: and

text: gameplay

text: Beat 'Em Up, recorded at Hit Factory Criteria studios in Miami Beach, Florida, is the first Iggy Pop album in which The Trolls were credited. The Trolls were: Iggy Pop, Whitey Kirst, Pete Marshall, Alex Kirst and Lloyd 'Mooseman' Roberts.

text: Beat

text: Em

text: Up

text: recorded

text: at

text: Hit

text: Factory

text: Criteria

text: studios

text: in

text: Miami

text: Beach

text: Florida

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: Iggy

text: Pop

text: album

text: in

text: which

text: The

text: Trolls

text: were

text: credited

text: The

text: Trolls

text: were

text: Iggy

text: Pop

text: Whitey

text: Kirst

text: Pete

text: Marshall

text: Alex

text: Kirst

text: and

text: Lloyd

text: Mooseman

text: Roberts

text: The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west, to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba, to the east by the Lesser Antilles, and to the south by the north coast of South America.

text: The

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: is

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Mexico

text: and

text: Central

text: America

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: starting

text: with

text: Cuba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Lesser

text: Antilles

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Miami Beach is a coastal resort city in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. It was incorporated on March 26, 1915. The municipality is located on a variety of natural and man-made barrier islands between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay, the latter of which separates the Beach from Miami. The neighborhood of South Beach, comprising the southernmost of Miami Beach, along with downtown Miami and the Port of Miami, collectively form the commercial center of South Florida. As of the 2010 census, Miami Beach had a total population of 87,779. It has been one of America's pre-eminent beach resorts since the early 20th century.

text: Miami

text: Beach

text: is

text: coastal

text: resort

text: city

text: in

text: Miami

text: Dade

text: County

text: Florida

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: was

text: incorporated

text: on

text: March

text: The

text: municipality

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: variety

text: of

text: natural

text: and

text: man

text: made

text: barrier

text: islands

text: between

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: Biscayne

text: Bay

text: the

text: latter

text: of

text: which

text: separates

text: the

text: Beach

text: from

text: Miami

text: The

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: South

text: Beach

text: comprising

text: the

text: southernmost

text: of

text: Miami

text: Beach

text: along

text: with

text: downtown

text: Miami

text: and

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Miami

text: collectively

text: form

text: the

text: commercial

text: center

text: of

text: South

text: Florida

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: Miami

text: Beach

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: pre

text: eminent

text: beach

text: resorts

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (officially abbreviated the Super NES or SNES, and commonly shortened to Super Nintendo) is a 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South Korea, 1991 in North America, 1992 in Europe and Australasia (Oceania), and 1993 in South America. In Japan, the system is called the , or SFC for short. In South Korea, it is known as the Super Comboy (  "Syupeo Keomboi") and was distributed by Hyundai Electronics. Although each version is essentially the same, several forms of regional lockout prevent the different versions from being compatible with one another. It was released in Brazil on September 2, 1992, by Playtronic.

text: The

text: Super

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: officially

text: abbreviated

text: the

text: Super

text: NES

text: or

text: SNES

text: and

text: commonly

text: shortened

text: to

text: Super

text: Nintendo

text: is

text: home

text: video

text: game

text: console

text: developed

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: that

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australasia

text: Oceania

text: and

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: In

text: Japan

text: the

text: system

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: or

text: SFC

text: for

text: short

text: In

text: South

text: Korea

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Super

text: Comboy

text: Syupeo

text: Keomboi

text: and

text: was

text: distributed

text: by

text: Hyundai

text: Electronics

text: Although

text: each

text: version

text: is

text: essentially

text: the

text: same

text: several

text: forms

text: of

text: regional

text: lockout

text: prevent

text: the

text: different

text: versions

text: from

text: being

text: compatible

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Brazil

text: on

text: September

text: by

text: Playtronic

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: James Newell Osterberg, Jr., known professionally as Iggy Pop (born April 21, 1947), is an American singer-songwriter, musician and actor. He was the vocalist of influential proto-punk band The Stooges, who reunited in 2003, and is well known for his outrageous and unpredictable stage antics.

text: James

text: Newell

text: Osterberg

text: Jr.

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Iggy

text: Pop

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: musician

text: and

text: actor

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: vocalist

text: of

text: influential

text: proto

text: punk

text: band

text: The

text: Stooges

text: who

text: reunited

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: outrageous

text: and

text: unpredictable

text: stage

text: antics

text: South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).

text: South

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: hemisphere

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: with

text: relatively

text: small

text: portion

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: model

text: used

text: in

text: nations

text: that

text: speak

text: Romance

text: languages

text: The

text: reference

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: instead

text: of

text: other

text: regions

text: like

text: Latin

text: America

text: or

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: has

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: due

text: to

text: changing

text: geopolitical

text: dynamics

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Brazil

text: Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest.

text: Japan

text: Nippon

text: or

text: Nihon

text: formally

text: or

text: Nihon

text: koku

text: means

text: State

text: of

text: Japan

text: is

text: sovereign

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Asia

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: lying

text: off

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Asia

text: Mainland

text: east

text: of

text: China

text: Korea

text: Russia

text: and

text: stretching

text: from

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Okhotsk

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: and

text: near

text: Taiwan

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: within

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: considered

text: northern

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water.

text: continent

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: very

text: large

text: landmasses

text: on

text: Earth

text: Generally

text: identified

text: by

text: convention

text: rather

text: than

text: any

text: strict

text: criteria

text: up

text: to

text: seven

text: regions

text: are

text: commonly

text: regarded

text: as

text: continents

text: Ordered

text: from

text: largest

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: smallest

text: they

text: are

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: North

text: America

text: South

text: America

text: Antarctica

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: In

text: geology

text: areas

text: of

text: continental

text: crust

text: include

text: regions

text: covered

text: with

text: water

text: Rival Turf!, released in Japan as , is a beat'em up video game that was released by Jaleco in 1992 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System and later on Nintendo's Virtual Console. The game is the first installment in the "Rushing Beat" trilogy, which also includes "Brawl Brothers" and "The Peace Keepers", although the games were localized as unrelated titles in North America.

text: Rival

text: Turf

text: released

text: in

text: Japan

text: as

text: is

text: beat'em

text: up

text: video

text: game

text: that

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: Jaleco

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: Super

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: and

text: later

text: on

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: Virtual

text: Console

text: The

text: game

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: installment

text: in

text: the

text: Rushing

text: Beat

text: trilogy

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: Brawl

text: Brothers

text: and

text: The

text: Peace

text: Keepers

text: although

text: the

text: games

text: were

text: localized

text: as

text: unrelated

text: titles

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. Alternatively, the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean.

text: The

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: and

text: shallowest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: five

text: major

text: oceans

text: The

text: International

text: Hydrographic

text: Organization

text: IHO

text: recognizes

text: it

text: as

text: an

text: ocean

text: although

text: some

text: oceanographers

text: call

text: it

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Sea

text: classifying

text: it

text: mediterranean

text: sea

text: or

text: an

text: estuary

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Alternatively

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: the

text: northernmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: all

text: encompassing

text: World

text: Ocean

annotations: likely single

question: publisher the peace keepers

answer: jaleco

text: jaleco

text: jaleco

text: jaleco

text: jaleco

text: jaleco

text: jaleco

text: jaleco


text: A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in a planet's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. Hydrothermal vents are commonly found near volcanically active places, areas where tectonic plates are moving apart, ocean basins, and hotspots. Hydrothermal vents exist because the earth is both geologically active and has large amounts of water on its surface and within its crust. Common land types include hot springs, fumaroles and geysers. Under the sea, hydrothermal vents may form features called black smokers. Relative to the majority of the deep sea, the areas around submarine hydrothermal vents are biologically more productive, often hosting complex communities fueled by the chemicals dissolved in the vent fluids. Chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea form the base of the food chain, supporting diverse organisms, including giant tube worms, clams, limpets and shrimp. Active hydrothermal vents are believed to exist on Jupiter's moon Europa, and Saturn's moon Enceladus, and it is speculated that ancient hydrothermal vents once existed on Mars.

text: hydrothermal

text: vent

text: is

text: fissure

text: in

text: planet

text: 's

text: surface

text: from

text: which

text: geothermally

text: heated

text: water

text: issues

text: Hydrothermal

text: vents

text: are

text: commonly

text: found

text: near

text: volcanically

text: active

text: places

text: areas

text: where

text: tectonic

text: plates

text: are

text: moving

text: apart

text: ocean

text: basins

text: and

text: hotspots

text: Hydrothermal

text: vents

text: exist

text: because

text: the

text: earth

text: is

text: both

text: geologically

text: active

text: and

text: has

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: water

text: on

text: its

text: surface

text: and

text: within

text: its

text: crust

text: Common

text: land

text: types

text: include

text: hot

text: springs

text: fumaroles

text: and

text: geysers

text: Under

text: the

text: sea

text: hydrothermal

text: vents

text: may

text: form

text: features

text: called

text: black

text: smokers

text: Relative

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: deep

text: sea

text: the

text: areas

text: around

text: submarine

text: hydrothermal

text: vents

text: are

text: biologically

text: more

text: productive

text: often

text: hosting

text: complex

text: communities

text: fueled

text: by

text: the

text: chemicals

text: dissolved

text: in

text: the

text: vent

text: fluids

text: Chemosynthetic

text: bacteria

text: and

text: archaea

text: form

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: food

text: chain

text: supporting

text: diverse

text: organisms

text: including

text: giant

text: tube

text: worms

text: clams

text: limpets

text: and

text: shrimp

text: Active

text: hydrothermal

text: vents

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: exist

text: on

text: Jupiter

text: 's

text: moon

text: Europa

text: and

text: Saturn

text: 's

text: moon

text: Enceladus

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: speculated

text: that

text: ancient

text: hydrothermal

text: vents

text: once

text: existed

text: on

text: Mars

text: Worms are many different distantly related animals that typically have a long cylindrical tube-like body and no limbs. Worms vary in size from microscopic to over in length for marine polychaete worms (bristle worms), for the African giant earthworm, "Microchaetus", and for the marine nemertean worm (bootlace worm), "Lineus longissimus". Various types of worm occupy a small variety of parasitic niches, living inside the bodies of other animals. Free-living worm species do not live on land, but instead live in marine or freshwater environments, or underground by burrowing.

text: Worms

text: are

text: many

text: different

text: distantly

text: related

text: animals

text: that

text: typically

text: have

text: long

text: cylindrical

text: tube

text: like

text: body

text: and

text: no

text: limbs

text: Worms

text: vary

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: microscopic

text: to

text: over

text: in

text: length

text: for

text: marine

text: polychaete

text: worms

text: bristle

text: worms

text: for

text: the

text: African

text: giant

text: earthworm

text: Microchaetus

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: marine

text: nemertean

text: worm

text: bootlace

text: worm

text: Lineus

text: longissimus

text: Various

text: types

text: of

text: worm

text: occupy

text: small

text: variety

text: of

text: parasitic

text: niches

text: living

text: inside

text: the

text: bodies

text: of

text: other

text: animals

text: Free

text: living

text: worm

text: species

text: do

text: not

text: live

text: on

text: land

text: but

text: instead

text: live

text: in

text: marine

text: or

text: freshwater

text: environments

text: or

text: underground

text: by

text: burrowing

text: Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from wasp-like ancestors in the Cretaceous period, about 99 million years ago and diversified after the rise of flowering plants. More than 12,500 of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified. They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and the distinctive node-like structure that forms their slender waists.

text: Ants

text: are

text: eusocial

text: insects

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Formicidae

text: and

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: related

text: wasps

text: and

text: bees

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: order

text: Hymenoptera

text: Ants

text: evolved

text: from

text: wasp

text: like

text: ancestors

text: in

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: period

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: diversified

text: after

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: More

text: than

text: of

text: an

text: estimated

text: total

text: of

text: species

text: have

text: been

text: classified

text: They

text: are

text: easily

text: identified

text: by

text: their

text: elbowed

text: antennae

text: and

text: the

text: distinctive

text: node

text: like

text: structure

text: that

text: forms

text: their

text: slender

text: waists

text: Canalipalpata, also known as bristle-footed annelids or fan-head worms, is an infraclass of polychaete worms, with 31 families in it including the Sabellida (tubeworms, fanworms, and feather duster worms) and the Alvinellidae, a family of deep-sea worms associated with hydrothermal vents.

text: Canalipalpata

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: bristle

text: footed

text: annelids

text: or

text: fan

text: head

text: worms

text: is

text: an

text: infraclass

text: of

text: polychaete

text: worms

text: with

text: families

text: in

text: it

text: including

text: the

text: Sabellida

text: tubeworms

text: fanworms

text: and

text: feather

text: duster

text: worms

text: and

text: the

text: Alvinellidae

text: family

text: of

text: deep

text: sea

text: worms

text: associated

text: with

text: hydrothermal

text: vents

text: The Alvinellidae are a family of small, deep-sea polychaete worms endemic to hydrothermal vents in the Pacific Ocean. Belonging to the order Terebellida, the family contains two genera, Alvinella and Paralvinella; the former genus contains two valid species and the latter eight. Members of the family are termed alvinellids.

text: The

text: Alvinellidae

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: small

text: deep

text: sea

text: polychaete

text: worms

text: endemic

text: to

text: hydrothermal

text: vents

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Belonging

text: to

text: the

text: order

text: Terebellida

text: the

text: family

text: contains

text: two

text: genera

text: Alvinella

text: and

text: Paralvinella

text: the

text: former

text: genus

text: contains

text: two

text: valid

text: species

text: and

text: the

text: latter

text: eight

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: are

text: termed

text: alvinellids

text: The Polychaeta or polychaetes are a paraphyletic class of annelid worms, generally marine. Each body segment has a pair of fleshy protrusions called parapodia that bear many bristles, called chaetae, which are made of chitin. Indeed, polychaetes are sometimes referred to as bristle worms. More than 10,000 species are described in this class. Common representatives include the lugworm ("Arenicola marina") and the sandworm or clam worm "Alitta".

text: The

text: Polychaeta

text: or

text: polychaetes

text: are

text: paraphyletic

text: class

text: of

text: annelid

text: worms

text: generally

text: marine

text: Each

text: body

text: segment

text: has

text: pair

text: of

text: fleshy

text: protrusions

text: called

text: parapodia

text: that

text: bear

text: many

text: bristles

text: called

text: chaetae

text: which

text: are

text: made

text: of

text: chitin

text: Indeed

text: polychaetes

text: are

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: bristle

text: worms

text: More

text: than

text: species

text: are

text: described

text: in

text: this

text: class

text: Common

text: representatives

text: include

text: the

text: lugworm

text: Arenicola

text: marina

text: and

text: the

text: sandworm

text: or

text: clam

text: worm

text: Alitta

text:
Sabellida is a suborder of annelid worms in the class Polychaeta. They are filter feeders with no buccal organ. The prostomium is fused with the peristomium and bears a ring of feathery feeding tentacles. They live in parchment-like tubes made of particles from their environment such as sand and shell fragments cemented together with mucus.
Members of the suborder include the feather duster worms (Sabellidae) and serpulid worms (Serpulidae). Among the species are the giant feather duster worm ("Eudistylia polymorpha"), the peacock worm ("Sabella pavonina"), the European fan worm ("Sabella spallanzanii") and the Christmas tree worm ("Spirobranchus giganteus").

text: Sabellida

text: is

text: suborder

text: of

text: annelid

text: worms

text: in

text: the

text: class

text: Polychaeta

text: They

text: are

text: filter

text: feeders

text: with

text: no

text: buccal

text: organ

text: The

text: prostomium

text: is

text: fused

text: with

text: the

text: peristomium

text: and

text: bears

text: ring

text: of

text: feathery

text: feeding

text: tentacles

text: They

text: live

text: in

text: parchment

text: like

text: tubes

text: made

text: of

text: particles

text: from

text: their

text: environment

text: such

text: as

text: sand

text: and

text: shell

text: fragments

text: cemented

text: together

text: with

text: mucus

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: suborder

text: include

text: the

text: feather

text: duster

text: worms

text: Sabellidae

text: and

text: serpulid

text: worms

text: Serpulidae

text: Among

text: the

text: species

text: are

text: the

text: giant

text: feather

text: duster

text: worm

text: Eudistylia

text: polymorpha

text: the

text: peacock

text: worm

text: Sabella

text: pavonina

text: the

text: European

text: fan

text: worm

text: Sabella

text: spallanzanii

text: and

text: the

text: Christmas

text: tree

text: worm

text: Spirobranchus

text: giganteus

text: The Saccocirridae are small interstitial polychaetes common in coarse sand on reflective , surf beaches , usually within the zone of retention . The Saccociridae are members of the clade Protodrilida , which is in turn part of the clade Canalipalpata . Saccocirridae have a world wide distribution and many more species likely remain to be described . These polychates are usually between 2 and 10 mm in length and 500 m wide . They have reduced parapodia and are considered a true interstitial species , incapable of burrowing through finer sediments .

text: The

text: Saccocirridae

text: are

text: small

text: interstitial

text: polychaetes

text: common

text: in

text: coarse

text: sand

text: on

text: reflective

text: surf

text: beaches

text: usually

text: within

text: the

text: zone

text: of

text: retention

text: The

text: Saccociridae

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: clade

text: Protodrilida

text: which

text: is

text: in

text: turn

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: clade

text: Canalipalpata

text: Saccocirridae

text: have

text: world

text: wide

text: distribution

text: and

text: many

text: more

text: species

text: likely

text: remain

text: to

text: be

text: described

text: These

text: polychates

text: are

text: usually

text: between

text: and

text: mm

text: in

text: length

text: and

text: wide

text: They

text: have

text: reduced

text: parapodia

text: and

text: are

text: considered

text: true

text: interstitial

text: species

text: incapable

text: of

text: burrowing

text: through

text: finer

text: sediments

text: A clade (from , "klados", "branch") is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".

text: clade

text: from

text: klados

text: branch

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: common

text: ancestor

text: and

text: all

text: its

text: lineal

text: descendants

text: and

text: represents

text: single

text: branch

text: on

text: the

text: tree

text: of

text: life

annotations: likely multiple

question: taxon_rank saccocirridae

answer: family

text: family

text: family

text: family

text: family

text: family