text: A magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, which is printed or electronically published (sometimes referred to as an online magazine). Magazines are generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by prepaid subscriptions, or a combination of the three.At its root, the word "magazine" refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles. This explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearms magazines, and, in French, retail stores such as department stores.

text: magazine

text: is

text: publication

text: usually

text: periodical

text: publication

text: which

text: is

text: printed

text: or

text: electronically

text: published

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: an

text: online

text: magazine

text: Magazines

text: are

text: generally

text: published

text: on

text: regular

text: schedule

text: and

text: contain

text: variety

text: of

text: content

text: They

text: are

text: generally

text: financed

text: by

text: advertising

text: by

text: purchase

text: price

text: by

text: prepaid

text: subscriptions

text: or

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: At

text: its

text: root

text: the

text: word

text: magazine

text: refers

text: to

text: collection

text: or

text: storage

text: location

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: written

text: publication

text: it

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: written

text: articles

text: This

text: explains

text: why

text: magazine

text: publications

text: share

text: the

text: word

text: root

text: with

text: gunpowder

text: magazines

text: artillery

text: magazines

text: firearms

text: magazines

text: and

text: in

text: French

text: retail

text: stores

text: such

text: as

text: department

text: stores

text: John Ray Grisham, Jr. (born February 8, 1955) is an American bestselling writer, attorney, politician, and activist best known for his popular legal thrillers. His books have been translated into 42 languages and published worldwide.

text: John

text: Ray

text: Grisham

text: Jr.

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: bestselling

text: writer

text: attorney

text: politician

text: and

text: activist

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: popular

text: legal

text: thrillers

text: His

text: books

text: have

text: been

text: translated

text: into

text: languages

text: and

text: published

text: worldwide

text: Dell Publishing, an American publisher of books, magazines and comic books, was founded in 1921 by George T. Delacorte, Jr. with $10,000, two employees and one magazine title, "I Confess", and soon began turning out dozens of pulp magazines; everything from penny-a-word detective stories and articles about the movies, to even romance books (or "smoochies" as they were known in the slang term of the day).

text: Dell

text: Publishing

text: an

text: American

text: publisher

text: of

text: books

text: magazines

text: and

text: comic

text: books

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: George

text: Delacorte

text: Jr.

text: with

text: two

text: employees

text: and

text: one

text: magazine

text: title

text: Confess

text: and

text: soon

text: began

text: turning

text: out

text: dozens

text: of

text: pulp

text: magazines

text: everything

text: from

text: penny

text: word

text: detective

text: stories

text: and

text: articles

text: about

text: the

text: movies

text: to

text: even

text: romance

text: books

text: or

text: smoochies

text: as

text: they

text: were

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: slang

text: term

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: The legal thriller is a subgenre of thriller and crime fiction in which the major characters are lawyers and their employees. The system of justice itself is always a major part of these works, at times almost functioning as one of the characters. In this way, the legal system provides the framework for the legal thriller much as the system of modern police work does for the police procedural.

text: The

text: legal

text: thriller

text: is

text: subgenre

text: of

text: thriller

text: and

text: crime

text: fiction

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: major

text: characters

text: are

text: lawyers

text: and

text: their

text: employees

text: The

text: system

text: of

text: justice

text: itself

text: is

text: always

text: major

text: part

text: of

text: these

text: works

text: at

text: times

text: almost

text: functioning

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: characters

text: In

text: this

text: way

text: the

text: legal

text: system

text: provides

text: the

text: framework

text: for

text: the

text: legal

text: thriller

text: much

text: as

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: modern

text: police

text: work

text: does

text: for

text: the

text: police

text: procedural

text: The Pelican Brief is a legal-suspense thriller written by John Grisham in 1992. It is his third novel after "A Time To Kill" and "The Firm". The hardcover edition was published by Doubleday in that same year. Two paperback editions were published, both by Dell Publishing in 1993. A film adaptation was released in 1993 starring Julia Roberts and Denzel Washington.

text: The

text: Pelican

text: Brief

text: is

text: legal

text: suspense

text: thriller

text: written

text: by

text: John

text: Grisham

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: his

text: third

text: novel

text: after

text: Time

text: To

text: Kill

text: and

text: The

text: Firm

text: The

text: hardcover

text: edition

text: was

text: published

text: by

text: Doubleday

text: in

text: that

text: same

text: year

text: Two

text: paperback

text: editions

text: were

text: published

text: both

text: by

text: Dell

text: Publishing

text: in

text: film

text: adaptation

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: starring

text: Julia

text: Roberts

text: and

text: Denzel

text: Washington

text: Pulp magazines (often referred to as "the pulps") were inexpensive fiction magazines that were published from 1896 to the 1950s. The term "pulp" derives from the cheap wood pulp paper on which the magazines were printed; in contrast, magazines printed on higher quality paper were called "glossies" or "slicks". The typical pulp magazine had 128 pages; it was wide by high, and thick, with ragged, untrimmed edges.

text: Pulp

text: magazines

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: pulps

text: were

text: inexpensive

text: fiction

text: magazines

text: that

text: were

text: published

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: The

text: term

text: pulp

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: cheap

text: wood

text: pulp

text: paper

text: on

text: which

text: the

text: magazines

text: were

text: printed

text: in

text: contrast

text: magazines

text: printed

text: on

text: higher

text: quality

text: paper

text: were

text: called

text: glossies

text: or

text: slicks

text: The

text: typical

text: pulp

text: magazine

text: had

text: pages

text: it

text: was

text: wide

text: by

text: high

text: and

text: thick

text: with

text: ragged

text: untrimmed

text: edges

text: A Time to Kill is a 1989 legal suspense thriller by John Grisham . It was Grisham 's first novel . The novel was rejected by many publishers before Wynwood Press ( located in New York ) eventually gave it a modest 5,000 - copy printing . After The Firm , The Pelican Brief , and The Client became bestsellers , interest in A Time to Kill grew ; the book was republished by Doubleday in hardcover and , later , by Dell Publishing in paperback , and itself became a bestseller . This made Grisham extremely popular among readers . In 1996 , the novel was adapted into a film of the same name , starring Matthew McConaughey and Samuel L. Jackson . In 2011 , it was further adapted into a stage play of the same name by Rupert Holmes . The stage production opened at the Arena Stage ( Washington , D.C. ) in May 2011 and opened on Broadway in October 2013 .

text: Time

text: to

text: Kill

text: is

text: legal

text: suspense

text: thriller

text: by

text: John

text: Grisham

text: It

text: was

text: Grisham

text: 's

text: first

text: novel

text: The

text: novel

text: was

text: rejected

text: by

text: many

text: publishers

text: before

text: Wynwood

text: Press

text: located

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: eventually

text: gave

text: it

text: modest

text: copy

text: printing

text: After

text: The

text: Firm

text: The

text: Pelican

text: Brief

text: and

text: The

text: Client

text: became

text: bestsellers

text: interest

text: in

text: Time

text: to

text: Kill

text: grew

text: the

text: book

text: was

text: republished

text: by

text: Doubleday

text: in

text: hardcover

text: and

text: later

text: by

text: Dell

text: Publishing

text: in

text: paperback

text: and

text: itself

text: became

text: bestseller

text: This

text: made

text: Grisham

text: extremely

text: popular

text: among

text: readers

text: In

text: the

text: novel

text: was

text: adapted

text: into

text: film

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: starring

text: Matthew

text: McConaughey

text: and

text: Samuel

text: Jackson

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: further

text: adapted

text: into

text: stage

text: play

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: by

text: Rupert

text: Holmes

text: The

text: stage

text: production

text: opened

text: at

text: the

text: Arena

text: Stage

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: in

text: May

text: and

text: opened

text: on

text: Broadway

text: in

text: October

text: Julia Fiona Roberts (born October 28, 1967) is an American actress and producer. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the romantic comedy "Pretty Woman" (1990), which grossed US $464 million worldwide. She has won three Golden Globe Awards (out of eight nominations) and has been nominated for four Academy Awards for her film acting, winning the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in "Erin Brockovich" (2000).

text: Julia

text: Fiona

text: Roberts

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actress

text: and

text: producer

text: She

text: became

text: Hollywood

text: star

text: after

text: headlining

text: the

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: Pretty

text: Woman

text: which

text: grossed

text: US

text: million

text: worldwide

text: She

text: has

text: won

text: three

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Awards

text: out

text: of

text: eight

text: nominations

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: nominated

text: for

text: four

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: for

text: her

text: film

text: acting

text: winning

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: for

text: her

text: performance

text: in

text: Erin

text: Brockovich

text: Denzel Hayes Washington Jr. (born December 28, 1954) is an American actor, director, and producer. He has received three Golden Globe awards, a Tony Award, and two Academy Awards: Best Supporting Actor for the historical war drama film "Glory" (1989) and Best Actor for his role as a corrupt cop in the crime thriller "Training Day" (2001).

text: Denzel

text: Hayes

text: Washington

text: Jr.

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: director

text: and

text: producer

text: He

text: has

text: received

text: three

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: awards

text: Tony

text: Award

text: and

text: two

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actor

text: for

text: the

text: historical

text: war

text: drama

text: film

text: Glory

text: and

text: Best

text: Actor

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: corrupt

text: cop

text: in

text: the

text: crime

text: thriller

text: Training

text: Day

text: A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment, or other materials, fastened together to hinge at one side, with text and/or images printed in ink. A single sheet within a book is a leaf, and each side of a leaf is a page. A set of text-filled or illustrated pages produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book, or e-book.

text: book

text: is

text: set

text: of

text: written

text: printed

text: illustrated

text: or

text: blank

text: sheets

text: made

text: of

text: paper

text: parchment

text: or

text: other

text: materials

text: fastened

text: together

text: to

text: hinge

text: at

text: one

text: side

text: with

text: text

text: and/or

text: images

text: printed

text: in

text: ink

text: single

text: sheet

text: within

text: book

text: is

text: leaf

text: and

text: each

text: side

text: of

text: leaf

text: is

text: page

text: set

text: of

text: text

text: filled

text: or

text: illustrated

text: pages

text: produced

text: in

text: electronic

text: format

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: electronic

text: book

text: or

text: book

text: A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes. Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form. Although some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s. The first modern comic book, "Famous Funnies", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics. The term "comic book" derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.

text: comic

text: book

text: or

text: comicbook

text: also

text: called

text: comic

text: magazine

text: or

text: simply

text: comic

text: is

text: publication

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: comic

text: art

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: sequential

text: juxtaposed

text: panels

text: that

text: represent

text: individual

text: scenes

text: Panels

text: are

text: often

text: accompanied

text: by

text: brief

text: descriptive

text: prose

text: and

text: written

text: narrative

text: usually

text: dialog

text: contained

text: in

text: word

text: balloons

text: emblematic

text: of

text: the

text: comics

text: art

text: form

text: Although

text: some

text: origins

text: in

text: century

text: Japan

text: and

text: Europe

text: comic

text: books

text: were

text: first

text: popularized

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: the

text: The

text: first

text: modern

text: comic

text: book

text: Famous

text: Funnies

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: reprinting

text: of

text: earlier

text: newspaper

text: humor

text: comic

text: strips

text: which

text: had

text: established

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: story

text: telling

text: devices

text: used

text: in

text: comics

text: The

text: term

text: comic

text: book

text: derives

text: from

text: American

text: comic

text: books

text: once

text: being

text: compilation

text: of

text: comic

text: strips

text: of

text: humorous

text: tone

text: however

text: this

text: practice

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: featuring

text: stories

text: of

text: all

text: genres

text: usually

text: not

text: humorous

text: in

text: tone

text: A hardcover or hardback (also known as hardbound, and sometimes as case-bound) book is one bound with rigid protective covers (typically of cardboard covered with buckram or other cloth, heavy paper, or occasionally leather). It has a flexible, sewn spine which allows the book to lie flat on a surface when opened. Following the ISBN sequence numbers, books of this type may be identified by the abbreviation "Hbk".

text: hardcover

text: or

text: hardback

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: hardbound

text: and

text: sometimes

text: as

text: case

text: bound

text: book

text: is

text: one

text: bound

text: with

text: rigid

text: protective

text: covers

text: typically

text: of

text: cardboard

text: covered

text: with

text: buckram

text: or

text: other

text: cloth

text: heavy

text: paper

text: or

text: occasionally

text: leather

text: It

text: has

text: flexible

text: sewn

text: spine

text: which

text: allows

text: the

text: book

text: to

text: lie

text: flat

text: on

text: surface

text: when

text: opened

text: Following

text: the

text: ISBN

text: sequence

text: numbers

text: books

text: of

text: this

text: type

text: may

text: be

text: identified

text: by

text: the

text: abbreviation

text: Hbk

question: genre a time to kill

answer: legal thriller

text: legal thriller

text: legal thriller


text: Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is an application layer protocol that facilitates communication in the form of text. The chat process works on a client/server networking model. IRC clients are computer programs that a user can install on their system. These clients communicate with chat servers to transfer messages to other clients. IRC is mainly designed for group communication in discussion forums, called channels, but also allows one-on-one communication via private messages as well as chat and data transfer, including file sharing.

text: Internet

text: Relay

text: Chat

text: IRC

text: is

text: an

text: application

text: layer

text: protocol

text: that

text: facilitates

text: communication

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: text

text: The

text: chat

text: process

text: works

text: on

text: client

text: server

text: networking

text: model

text: IRC

text: clients

text: are

text: computer

text: programs

text: that

text: user

text: can

text: install

text: on

text: their

text: system

text: These

text: clients

text: communicate

text: with

text: chat

text: servers

text: to

text: transfer

text: messages

text: to

text: other

text: clients

text: IRC

text: is

text: mainly

text: designed

text: for

text: group

text: communication

text: in

text: discussion

text: forums

text: called

text: channels

text: but

text: also

text: allows

text: one

text: on

text: one

text: communication

text: via

text: private

text: messages

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: chat

text: and

text: data

text: transfer

text: including

text: file

text: sharing

text: The GNU Project is a free software, mass collaboration project, announced on September 27, 1983, by Richard Stallman at MIT. Its aim is to give computer users freedom and control in their use of their computers and computing devices, by collaboratively developing and providing software that is based on the following freedom rights: users are free to run the software, share it (copy, distribute), study it and modify it. GNU software guarantees these freedom-rights legally (via its license), and is therefore free software; the use of the word "free" always being taken to refer to freedom.

text: The

text: GNU

text: Project

text: is

text: free

text: software

text: mass

text: collaboration

text: project

text: announced

text: on

text: September

text: by

text: Richard

text: Stallman

text: at

text: MIT

text: Its

text: aim

text: is

text: to

text: give

text: computer

text: users

text: freedom

text: and

text: control

text: in

text: their

text: use

text: of

text: their

text: computers

text: and

text: computing

text: devices

text: by

text: collaboratively

text: developing

text: and

text: providing

text: software

text: that

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: following

text: freedom

text: rights

text: users

text: are

text: free

text: to

text: run

text: the

text: software

text: share

text: it

text: copy

text: distribute

text: study

text: it

text: and

text: modify

text: it

text: GNU

text: software

text: guarantees

text: these

text: freedom

text: rights

text: legally

text: via

text: its

text: license

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: free

text: software

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: free

text: always

text: being

text: taken

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: freedom

text: ERC is an Internet Relay Chat ( IRC ) client integrated into GNU Emacs . It is written in Emacs Lisp .

text: ERC

text: is

text: an

text: Internet

text: Relay

text: Chat

text: IRC

text: client

text: integrated

text: into

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: It

text: is

text: written

text: in

text: Emacs

text: Lisp

text: A text editor is a type of program used for editing plain text files. Such programs are sometimes known as "notepad" software, following the Microsoft Notepad.

text: text

text: editor

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: program

text: used

text: for

text: editing

text: plain

text: text

text: files

text: Such

text: programs

text: are

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: notepad

text: software

text: following

text: the

text: Microsoft

text: Notepad

text: Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), often known by his initials, rms, is an American software freedom activist and programmer. He campaigns for software to be distributed in a manner such that its users receive the freedoms to use, study, distribute and modify that software. Software that ensures these freedoms is termed free software. Stallman launched the GNU Project, founded the Free Software Foundation, developed the GNU Compiler Collection and GNU Emacs, and wrote the GNU General Public License.

text: Richard

text: Matthew

text: Stallman

text: born

text: March

text: often

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: initials

text: rms

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: software

text: freedom

text: activist

text: and

text: programmer

text: He

text: campaigns

text: for

text: software

text: to

text: be

text: distributed

text: in

text: manner

text: such

text: that

text: its

text: users

text: receive

text: the

text: freedoms

text: to

text: use

text: study

text: distribute

text: and

text: modify

text: that

text: software

text: Software

text: that

text: ensures

text: these

text: freedoms

text: is

text: termed

text: free

text: software

text: Stallman

text: launched

text: the

text: GNU

text: Project

text: founded

text: the

text: Free

text: Software

text: Foundation

text: developed

text: the

text: GNU

text: Compiler

text: Collection

text: and

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: and

text: wrote

text: the

text: GNU

text: General

text: Public

text: License

text: GNU Emacs is the most popular and most ported Emacs text editor. It was created by GNU Project founder Richard Stallman. In common with other varieties of Emacs, GNU Emacs is extensible using a Turing complete programming language. GNU Emacs has been called "the most powerful text editor available today." With proper support from the underlying system, GNU Emacs is able to display files in multiple character sets, and has been able to simultaneously display most human languages since at least 1999. Throughout its history, GNU Emacs has been a central component of the GNU project, and a flagship of the free software movement. GNU Emacs is sometimes abbreviated as GNUMACS, especially to differentiate it from other EMACS variants. The tag line for GNU Emacs is "the extensible self-documenting text editor".

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: and

text: most

text: ported

text: Emacs

text: text

text: editor

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: GNU

text: Project

text: founder

text: Richard

text: Stallman

text: In

text: common

text: with

text: other

text: varieties

text: of

text: Emacs

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: is

text: extensible

text: using

text: Turing

text: complete

text: programming

text: language

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: text

text: editor

text: available

text: today

text: With

text: proper

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: underlying

text: system

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: display

text: files

text: in

text: multiple

text: character

text: sets

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: able

text: to

text: simultaneously

text: display

text: most

text: human

text: languages

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: Throughout

text: its

text: history

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: has

text: been

text: central

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: GNU

text: project

text: and

text: flagship

text: of

text: the

text: free

text: software

text: movement

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: is

text: sometimes

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: GNUMACS

text: especially

text: to

text: differentiate

text: it

text: from

text: other

text: EMACS

text: variants

text: The

text: tag

text: line

text: for

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: is

text: the

text: extensible

text: self

text: documenting

text: text

text: editor

text: Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used as a scripting language by Emacs (a text editor family most commonly associated with GNU Emacs and XEmacs). It is used for implementing most of the editing functionality built into Emacs, the remainder being written in C (as is the Lisp interpreter itself). Emacs Lisp is also referred to as Elisp, although there is also an older, unrelated Lisp dialect with that name.

text: Emacs

text: Lisp

text: is

text: dialect

text: of

text: the

text: Lisp

text: programming

text: language

text: used

text: as

text: scripting

text: language

text: by

text: Emacs

text: text

text: editor

text: family

text: most

text: commonly

text: associated

text: with

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: and

text: XEmacs

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: implementing

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: editing

text: functionality

text: built

text: into

text: Emacs

text: the

text: remainder

text: being

text: written

text: in

text: as

text: is

text: the

text: Lisp

text: interpreter

text: itself

text: Emacs

text: Lisp

text: is

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Elisp

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: older

text: unrelated

text: Lisp

text: dialect

text: with

text: that

text: name

text: Emacs and its derivatives are a family of text editors that are characterized by their extensibility. The manual for the most widely used variant, GNU Emacs, describes it as "the extensible, customizable, self-documenting, real-time display editor". Development of the first Emacs began in the mid-1970s and continues actively .

text: Emacs

text: and

text: its

text: derivatives

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: text

text: editors

text: that

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: their

text: extensibility

text: The

text: manual

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: used

text: variant

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: describes

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: extensible

text: customizable

text: self

text: documenting

text: real

text: time

text: display

text: editor

text: Development

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Emacs

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: continues

text: actively

text: File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital media, such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images and video), documents or electronic books. File sharing may be achieved in a number of ways. Common methods of storage, transmission and dispersion include manual sharing utilizing removable media, centralized servers on computer networks, World Wide Web-based hyperlinked documents, and the use of distributed peer-to-peer networking.

text: File

text: sharing

text: is

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: distributing

text: or

text: providing

text: access

text: to

text: digital

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: computer

text: programs

text: multimedia

text: audio

text: images

text: and

text: video

text: documents

text: or

text: electronic

text: books

text: File

text: sharing

text: may

text: be

text: achieved

text: in

text: number

text: of

text: ways

text: Common

text: methods

text: of

text: storage

text: transmission

text: and

text: dispersion

text: include

text: manual

text: sharing

text: utilizing

text: removable

text: media

text: centralized

text: servers

text: on

text: computer

text: networks

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: based

text: hyperlinked

text: documents

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: distributed

text: peer

text: to

text: peer

text: networking

text:
GNU is an operating system
and an extensive collection of computer software. GNU is composed wholly of free software, most of which is licensed under the GNU Project's own GPL.

text: GNU

text: is

text: an

text: operating

text: system

text: and

text: an

text: extensive

text: collection

text: of

text: computer

text: software

text: GNU

text: is

text: composed

text: wholly

text: of

text: free

text: software

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: licensed

text: under

text: the

text: GNU

text: Project

text: 's

text: own

text: GPL

text: XEmacs is a graphical- and console-based text editor which runs on almost any Unix-like operating system as well as Microsoft Windows. XEmacs is a fork, based on a version of GNU Emacs from the late 1980s. Any user can download, use, and modify XEmacs as free software available under the GNU General Public License version 2 or any later version.

text: XEmacs

text: is

text: graphical-

text: and

text: console

text: based

text: text

text: editor

text: which

text: runs

text: on

text: almost

text: any

text: Unix

text: like

text: operating

text: system

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: XEmacs

text: is

text: fork

text: based

text: on

text: version

text: of

text: GNU

text: Emacs

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: Any

text: user

text: can

text: download

text: use

text: and

text: modify

text: XEmacs

text: as

text: free

text: software

text: available

text: under

text: the

text: GNU

text: General

text: Public

text: License

text: version

text: or

text: any

text: later

text: version

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: developer erc

answer: gnu project

text: gnu project

text: gnu project

text: gnu project

text: gnu project

text: gnu project


text: The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL) is a widely used free software license, which guarantees end users the freedom to run, study, share and modify the software. The license was originally written by Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU Project, and grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition. The GPL is a copyleft license, which means that derivative work can only be distributed under the same license terms. This is in distinction to permissive free software licenses, of which the BSD licenses and the MIT License are widely used examples. GPL was the first copyleft license for general use.

text: The

text: GNU

text: General

text: Public

text: License

text: GNU

text: GPL

text: or

text: GPL

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: free

text: software

text: license

text: which

text: guarantees

text: end

text: users

text: the

text: freedom

text: to

text: run

text: study

text: share

text: and

text: modify

text: the

text: software

text: The

text: license

text: was

text: originally

text: written

text: by

text: Richard

text: Stallman

text: of

text: the

text: Free

text: Software

text: Foundation

text: FSF

text: for

text: the

text: GNU

text: Project

text: and

text: grants

text: the

text: recipients

text: of

text: computer

text: program

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: the

text: Free

text: Software

text: Definition

text: The

text: GPL

text: is

text: copyleft

text: license

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: derivative

text: work

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: distributed

text: under

text: the

text: same

text: license

text: terms

text: This

text: is

text: in

text: distinction

text: to

text: permissive

text: free

text: software

text: licenses

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: BSD

text: licenses

text: and

text: the

text: MIT

text: License

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: examples

text: GPL

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: copyleft

text: license

text: for

text: general

text: use

text: SPSS Inc. was a software house headquartered in Chicago and incorporated in Delaware, most noted for the proprietary software of the same name SPSS. The company was started in 1968 when Norman Nie, Dale Bent, and Hadlai "Tex" Hull developed and started selling the SPSS software. The company was incorporated in 1975, and Nie served as CEO from 1975 until 1992. Jack Noonan served as CEO from 1992 until the 2009 acquisition of SPSS Inc. by IBM. In 2008 SPSS Inc. had sales of and over 250,000 customers.

text: SPSS

text: Inc.

text: was

text: software

text: house

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Chicago

text: and

text: incorporated

text: in

text: Delaware

text: most

text: noted

text: for

text: the

text: proprietary

text: software

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: SPSS

text: The

text: company

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: when

text: Norman

text: Nie

text: Dale

text: Bent

text: and

text: Hadlai

text: Tex

text: Hull

text: developed

text: and

text: started

text: selling

text: the

text: SPSS

text: software

text: The

text: company

text: was

text: incorporated

text: in

text: and

text: Nie

text: served

text: as

text: CEO

text: from

text: until

text: Jack

text: Noonan

text: served

text: as

text: CEO

text: from

text: until

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: SPSS

text: Inc.

text: by

text: IBM

text: In

text: SPSS

text: Inc.

text: had

text: sales

text: of

text: and

text: over

text: customers

text: PSPP is a free software application for analysis of sampled data , intended as a free alternative for IBM SPSS Statistics . It has a graphical user interface and conventional command - line interface . It is written in C and uses GNU Scientific Library for its mathematical routines . The name has `` no official acronymic expansion '' .

text: PSPP

text: is

text: free

text: software

text: application

text: for

text: analysis

text: of

text: sampled

text: data

text: intended

text: as

text: free

text: alternative

text: for

text: IBM

text: SPSS

text: Statistics

text: It

text: has

text: graphical

text: user

text: interface

text: and

text: conventional

text: command

text: line

text: interface

text: It

text: is

text: written

text: in

text: and

text: uses

text: GNU

text: Scientific

text: Library

text: for

text: its

text: mathematical

text: routines

text: The

text: name

text: has

text: no

text: official

text: acronymic

text: expansion

text: IBM SPSS Modeler is a data mining and text analytics software application from IBM. It is used to build predictive models and conduct other analytic tasks. It has a visual interface which allows users to leverage statistical and data mining algorithms without programming. One of its main aims from the outset was to get rid of unnecessary complexity in data transformations, and to make complex predictive models very easy to use. The first version incorporated decision trees (ID3), and neural networks (backprop), which could both be trained without underlying knowledge of how those techniques worked.

text: IBM

text: SPSS

text: Modeler

text: is

text: data

text: mining

text: and

text: text

text: analytics

text: software

text: application

text: from

text: IBM

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: build

text: predictive

text: models

text: and

text: conduct

text: other

text: analytic

text: tasks

text: It

text: has

text: visual

text: interface

text: which

text: allows

text: users

text: to

text: leverage

text: statistical

text: and

text: data

text: mining

text: algorithms

text: without

text: programming

text: One

text: of

text: its

text: main

text: aims

text: from

text: the

text: outset

text: was

text: to

text: get

text: rid

text: of

text: unnecessary

text: complexity

text: in

text: data

text: transformations

text: and

text: to

text: make

text: complex

text: predictive

text: models

text: very

text: easy

text: to

text: use

text: The

text: first

text: version

text: incorporated

text: decision

text: trees

text: and

text: neural

text: networks

text: backprop

text: which

text: could

text: both

text: be

text: trained

text: without

text: underlying

text: knowledge

text: of

text: how

text: those

text: techniques

text: worked

text: The GNU Scientific Library (or GSL) is a software library for numerical computations in applied mathematics and science. The GSL is written in C; wrappers are available for other programming languages. The GSL is part of the GNU Project and is distributed under the GNU General Public License.

text: The

text: GNU

text: Scientific

text: Library

text: or

text: GSL

text: is

text: software

text: library

text: for

text: numerical

text: computations

text: in

text: applied

text: mathematics

text: and

text: science

text: The

text: GSL

text: is

text: written

text: in

text: wrappers

text: are

text: available

text: for

text: other

text: programming

text: languages

text: The

text: GSL

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: GNU

text: Project

text: and

text: is

text: distributed

text: under

text: the

text: GNU

text: General

text: Public

text: License

text: The

text: GNU

text: Project

text: is

text: free

text: software

text: mass

text: collaboration

text: project

text: announced

text: on

text: September

text: by

text: Richard

text: Stallman

text: at

text: MIT

text: Its

text: aim

text: is

text: to

text: give

text: computer

text: users

text: freedom

text: and

text: control

text: in

text: their

text: use

text: of

text: their

text: computers

text: and

text: computing

text: devices

text: by

text: collaboratively

text: developing

text: and

text: providing

text: software

text: that

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: following

text: freedom

text: rights

text: users

text: are

text: free

text: to

text: run

text: the

text: software

text: share

text: it

text: copy

text: distribute

text: study

text: it

text: and

text: modify

text: it

text: GNU

text: software

text: guarantees

text: these

text: freedom

text: rights

text: legally

text: via

text: its

text: license

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: free

text: software

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: free

text: always

text: being

text: taken

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: freedom

text: SPSS Statistics is a software package used for logical batched and non-batched statistical analysis. Long produced by SPSS Inc., it was acquired by IBM in 2009. The current versions (2015) are officially named IBM SPSS Statistics. Companion products in the same family are used for survey authoring and deployment (IBM SPSS Data Collection), data mining (IBM SPSS Modeler), text analytics, and collaboration and deployment (batch and automated scoring services).

text: SPSS

text: Statistics

text: is

text: software

text: package

text: used

text: for

text: logical

text: batched

text: and

text: non

text: batched

text: statistical

text: analysis

text: Long

text: produced

text: by

text: SPSS

text: Inc.

text: it

text: was

text: acquired

text: by

text: IBM

text: in

text: The

text: current

text: versions

text: are

text: officially

text: named

text: IBM

text: SPSS

text: Statistics

text: Companion

text: products

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: family

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: survey

text: authoring

text: and

text: deployment

text: IBM

text: SPSS

text: Data

text: Collection

text: data

text: mining

text: IBM

text: SPSS

text: Modeler

text: text

text: analytics

text: and

text: collaboration

text: and

text: deployment

text: batch

text: and

text: automated

text: scoring

text: services

annotations: follows single

question: developer pspp

answer: gnu project

text: gnu project

text: gnu project

text: gnu project


text: Libya ("") is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world.

text: Libya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Chad

text: and

text: Niger

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Algeria

text: and

text: Tunisia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: three

text: traditional

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: are

text: Tripolitania

text: Fezzan

text: and

text: Cyrenaica

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: almost

text: Libya

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Libya

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: proven

text: oil

text: reserves

text: of

text: any

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Tunisia ('; ), officially the Republic of Tunisia (') is the northernmost country in Africa, covering . Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11 million in 2014. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on Tunisia's northeast coast.

text: Tunisia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Tunisia

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: covering

text: Its

text: northernmost

text: point

text: Cape

text: Angela

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Algeria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Tunisia

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: just

text: under

text: million

text: in

text: Tunisia

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: Tunis

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: Tunisia

text: 's

text: northeast

text: coast

text: Jebel ech Chambi ( Tunisian Arabic :    ; also spelled Mount Ash - Sha'nabi ) is the highest mountain in Tunisia at 1544m . It stands above the city of Kasserine in western central Tunisia . It is covered by a pine forest and surrounded by Chaambi National Park .

text: Jebel

text: ech

text: Chambi

text: Tunisian

text: Arabic

text: also

text: spelled

text: Mount

text: Ash

text: Sha'nabi

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: Tunisia

text: at

text: It

text: stands

text: above

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Kasserine

text: in

text: western

text: central

text: Tunisia

text: It

text: is

text: covered

text: by

text: pine

text: forest

text: and

text: surrounded

text: by

text: Chaambi

text: National

text: Park

text: The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: pronounced

text: is

text: sea

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: almost

text: completely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: identified

text: as

text: separate

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Algeria (' "Dzayer"), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the country's far north. With an area of , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties). Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.

text: Algeria

text: Dzayer

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Algeria

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Algiers

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: far

text: north

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Algeria

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Africa

text: Algeria

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Tunisia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Morocco

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Saharan

text: territory

text: Mauritania

text: and

text: Mali

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Niger

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: consisting

text: of

text: provinces

text: and

text: communes

text: counties

text: Abdelaziz

text: Bouteflika

text: has

text: been

text: President

text: since

question: continent jebel ech chambi

answer: africa

text: africa

text: africa

text: africa

text: africa

text: africa

text: africa


text: Liquid Tension Experiment (LTE) was an instrumental progressive metal band founded by Mike Portnoy, then Dream Theater's drummer, in 1997. The band has released two albums through Magna Carta Records. A third album, with the absence of John Petrucci was released in 2007 under the name "Liquid Trio Experiment". A live album with the absence of Jordan Rudess (mostly) was released in 2009 under the name "Liquid Trio Experiment 2". Three live albums and two videos were released in 2009 by the complete band.

text: Liquid

text: Tension

text: Experiment

text: LTE

text: was

text: an

text: instrumental

text: progressive

text: metal

text: band

text: founded

text: by

text: Mike

text: Portnoy

text: then

text: Dream

text: Theater

text: 's

text: drummer

text: in

text: The

text: band

text: has

text: released

text: two

text: albums

text: through

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: Records

text: third

text: album

text: with

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: John

text: Petrucci

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Liquid

text: Trio

text: Experiment

text: live

text: album

text: with

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: Jordan

text: Rudess

text: mostly

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Liquid

text: Trio

text: Experiment

text: Three

text: live

text: albums

text: and

text: two

text: videos

text: were

text: released

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: complete

text: band

text:
Progressive metal (sometimes known as prog metal or technical metal) is a fusion genre melding heavy metal and progressive rock which combines the loud "aggression" and amplified guitar-driven sound of the former with the more experimental, cerebral or "pseudo-classical" compositions of the latter.
Whilst the genre emerged towards the late-1980s, it was not until the 1990s that progressive metal achieved commercial success. Dream Theater, Queensrÿche, Tool, Symphony X and Fates Warning are a few examples of progressive metal bands who achieved commercial success; additionally, many other thrash and death metal bands started to incorporate elements of progressive music in their work. Progressive metal's popularity started to decline towards the end of the 1990s, but it still remains a largely diffused underground genre with a committed fan base.

text: Progressive

text: metal

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: prog

text: metal

text: or

text: technical

text: metal

text: is

text: fusion

text: genre

text: melding

text: heavy

text: metal

text: and

text: progressive

text: rock

text: which

text: combines

text: the

text: loud

text: aggression

text: and

text: amplified

text: guitar

text: driven

text: sound

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: with

text: the

text: more

text: experimental

text: cerebral

text: or

text: pseudo

text: classical

text: compositions

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: Whilst

text: the

text: genre

text: emerged

text: towards

text: the

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: that

text: progressive

text: metal

text: achieved

text: commercial

text: success

text: Dream

text: Theater

text: Queensrÿche

text: Tool

text: Symphony

text: and

text: Fates

text: Warning

text: are

text: few

text: examples

text: of

text: progressive

text: metal

text: bands

text: who

text: achieved

text: commercial

text: success

text: additionally

text: many

text: other

text: thrash

text: and

text: death

text: metal

text: bands

text: started

text: to

text: incorporate

text: elements

text: of

text: progressive

text: music

text: in

text: their

text: work

text: Progressive

text: metal

text: 's

text: popularity

text: started

text: to

text: decline

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: but

text: it

text: still

text: remains

text: largely

text: diffused

text: underground

text: genre

text: with

text: committed

text: fan

text: base

text: Dream Theater is an American progressive metal band formed in 1985 under the name Majesty by John Petrucci, John Myung, and Mike Portnoy while they attended Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts. They subsequently dropped out of their studies to concentrate further on the band that would ultimately become Dream Theater. Though a number of lineup changes followed, the three original members remained together along with James LaBrie and Jordan Rudess until September 8, 2010, when Portnoy left the band. In October 2010, the band held auditions for a drummer to replace Portnoy. Mike Mangini was announced as the new permanent drummer on April 29, 2011.

text: Dream

text: Theater

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: progressive

text: metal

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Majesty

text: by

text: John

text: Petrucci

text: John

text: Myung

text: and

text: Mike

text: Portnoy

text: while

text: they

text: attended

text: Berklee

text: College

text: of

text: Music

text: in

text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: They

text: subsequently

text: dropped

text: out

text: of

text: their

text: studies

text: to

text: concentrate

text: further

text: on

text: the

text: band

text: that

text: would

text: ultimately

text: become

text: Dream

text: Theater

text: Though

text: number

text: of

text: lineup

text: changes

text: followed

text: the

text: three

text: original

text: members

text: remained

text: together

text: along

text: with

text: James

text: LaBrie

text: and

text: Jordan

text: Rudess

text: until

text: September

text: when

text: Portnoy

text: left

text: the

text: band

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: band

text: held

text: auditions

text: for

text: drummer

text: to

text: replace

text: Portnoy

text: Mike

text: Mangini

text: was

text: announced

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: permanent

text: drummer

text: on

text: April

text: 4NYC is an album by Jordan Rudess which was recorded live September 24 , 2001 and released September 10 , 2002 . The album came about as part of Rudess 's reaction to the September 11 , 2001 terrorist attacks . In an effort to raise money for the American Red Cross and to help ease the pain associated with the great loss he and the people of New York felt , he and his wife organized a benefit concert . The tracks comprise performances from that concert and improvisations done in Rudess 's studio the following week .

text: is

text: an

text: album

text: by

text: Jordan

text: Rudess

text: which

text: was

text: recorded

text: live

text: September

text: and

text: released

text: September

text: The

text: album

text: came

text: about

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Rudess

text: 's

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: September

text: terrorist

text: attacks

text: In

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: raise

text: money

text: for

text: the

text: American

text: Red

text: Cross

text: and

text: to

text: help

text: ease

text: the

text: pain

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: great

text: loss

text: he

text: and

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: felt

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: organized

text: benefit

text: concert

text: The

text: tracks

text: comprise

text: performances

text: from

text: that

text: concert

text: and

text: improvisations

text: done

text: in

text: Rudess

text: 's

text: studio

text: the

text: following

text: week

text: Jordan Rudess (born Jordan Charles Rudes; November 4, 1956) is an American keyboardist and composer best known as a member of the progressive metal/rock band Dream Theater and the progressive rock supergroup Liquid Tension Experiment.

text: Jordan

text: Rudess

text: born

text: Jordan

text: Charles

text: Rudes

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: keyboardist

text: and

text: composer

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: progressive

text: metal

text: rock

text: band

text: Dream

text: Theater

text: and

text: the

text: progressive

text: rock

text: supergroup

text: Liquid

text: Tension

text: Experiment

annotations: likely single

question: instance_of 4nyc

answer: live album

text: live album


text: The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.

text: The

text: euro

text: sign

text: code

text: EUR

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: currency

text: of

text: the

text: eurozone

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Austria

text: Belgium

text: Cyprus

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: France

text: Germany

text: Greece

text: Ireland

text: Italy

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: Luxembourg

text: Malta

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Portugal

text: Slovakia

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Spain

text: The

text: currency

text: is

text: also

text: officially

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: four

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: unilaterally

text: by

text: two

text: others

text: and

text: is

text: consequently

text: used

text: daily

text: by

text: some

text: million

text: Europeans

text: Outside

text: of

text: Europe

text: number

text: of

text: overseas

text: territories

text: of

text: EU

text: members

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: their

text: currency

text: Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, one of the three Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, as well as a maritime border to the west alongside Sweden. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.

text: Latvia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Latvia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: region

text: of

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Baltic

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Estonia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: maritime

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: alongside

text: Sweden

text: Latvia

text: has

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: territory

text: of

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term, geographically, Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north; which includes (from west to east) most or all of: Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, the Netherlands, northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, northern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and northwest Russia. However, narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors, such as climate and ecology. Greenland, geographically a part of North America, is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and may be included depending on the definition.

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: or

text: region

text: of

text: Europe

text: Although

text: no

text: definitive

text: borders

text: or

text: definition

text: exists

text: for

text: the

text: term

text: geographically

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: consist

text: approximately

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: above

text: the

text: parallel

text: north

text: which

text: includes

text: from

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: Iceland

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: northern

text: Germany

text: Denmark

text: Norway

text: Sweden

text: northern

text: Poland

text: Finland

text: Estonia

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: northwest

text: Russia

text: However

text: narrower

text: definitions

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: based

text: on

text: other

text: geographical

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: climate

text: and

text: ecology

text: Greenland

text: geographically

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: politically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: included

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: definition

text: Gulbene Municipality is a municipality in Vidzeme, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Beava parish, Dauksti parish, Druviena parish, Galgauska parish, Jaungulbene parish, Lejasciems parish, Litene parish, Lizums parish, Lgo parish, Ranka parish, Stmeriena parish, Stradi parish, Tirza parish and Gulbene town the administrative centre being Gulbene.

text: Gulbene

text: Municipality

text: is

text: municipality

text: in

text: Vidzeme

text: Latvia

text: The

text: municipality

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: merging

text: Beava

text: parish

text: Dauksti

text: parish

text: Druviena

text: parish

text: Galgauska

text: parish

text: Jaungulbene

text: parish

text: Lejasciems

text: parish

text: Litene

text: parish

text: Lizums

text: parish

text: Lgo

text: parish

text: Ranka

text: parish

text: Stmeriena

text: parish

text: Stradi

text: parish

text: Tirza

text: parish

text: and

text: Gulbene

text: town

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: being

text: Gulbene

text: A municipality is usually a single urban administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and state laws, to which it is subordinate. It is to be distinguished from the county, which may encompass rural territory and/or numerous small communities such as towns, villages and hamlets. The term "municipality" may also mean the governing or ruling body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The term is derived from French "municipalité" and Latin "municipalis".

text: municipality

text: is

text: usually

text: single

text: urban

text: administrative

text: division

text: having

text: corporate

text: status

text: and

text: powers

text: of

text: self

text: government

text: or

text: jurisdiction

text: as

text: granted

text: by

text: national

text: and

text: state

text: laws

text: to

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: subordinate

text: It

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: the

text: county

text: which

text: may

text: encompass

text: rural

text: territory

text: and/or

text: numerous

text: small

text: communities

text: such

text: as

text: towns

text: villages

text: and

text: hamlets

text: The

text: term

text: municipality

text: may

text: also

text: mean

text: the

text: governing

text: or

text: ruling

text: body

text: of

text: given

text: municipality

text: municipality

text: is

text: general

text: purpose

text: administrative

text: subdivision

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: special

text: purpose

text: district

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: French

text: municipalité

text: and

text: Latin

text: municipalis

text: Jaungulbene parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene Municipality, Latvia. The administrative center is Gulbtis.

text: Jaungulbene

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: Municipality

text: Latvia

text: The

text: administrative

text: center

text: is

text: Gulbtis

text: Druviena parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene District, Latvia.

text: Druviena

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: District

text: Latvia

text: Beava parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene Municipality, Latvia. The administrative center is Beava.

text: Beava

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: Municipality

text: Latvia

text: The

text: administrative

text: center

text: is

text: Beava

text: The Pededze is a river in Latvia and Estonia. It has a length of of which in Latvia 131 km and in Estonia 26 km. It flows generally south. It is a right tributary of the Aiviekste, the source of Pededze is Lake Kirikumäe in the Haanja Uplands in Vastseliina Parish, Võru County, Estonia. The basin area of Pededze is 1,690 km² (1,523.3 km² in Latvia; 119 km² in Estonia) and average discharge 12.2 m³/s. Pededze together with Aiviekste forms natural and historical border between Vidzeme and Latgale.

text: The

text: Pededze

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: Latvia

text: and

text: Estonia

text: It

text: has

text: length

text: of

text: of

text: which

text: in

text: Latvia

text: km

text: and

text: in

text: Estonia

text: km

text: It

text: flows

text: generally

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: right

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Aiviekste

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: Pededze

text: is

text: Lake

text: Kirikumäe

text: in

text: the

text: Haanja

text: Uplands

text: in

text: Vastseliina

text: Parish

text: Võru

text: County

text: Estonia

text: The

text: basin

text: area

text: of

text: Pededze

text: is

text: in

text: Latvia

text: in

text: Estonia

text: and

text: average

text: discharge

text: Pededze

text: together

text: with

text: Aiviekste

text: forms

text: natural

text: and

text: historical

text: border

text: between

text: Vidzeme

text: and

text: Latgale

text: Tirza parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene Municipality, Latvia.

text: Tirza

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: Municipality

text: Latvia

text: Lejasciems parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene District, Latvia. The central village in the parish is Lejasciems.

text: Lejasciems

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: District

text: Latvia

text: The

text: central

text: village

text: in

text: the

text: parish

text: is

text: Lejasciems

text: The terms Baltic region, Baltic Rim countries, and Baltic Rim refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea.

text: The

text: terms

text: Baltic

text: region

text: Baltic

text: Rim

text: countries

text: and

text: Baltic

text: Rim

text: refer

text: to

text: slightly

text: different

text: combinations

text: of

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: area

text: surrounding

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Ranka parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene District, Latvia. It is located in a hilly region with landuse consisting mainly of agriculture and forests.

text: Ranka

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: District

text: Latvia

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: hilly

text: region

text: with

text: landuse

text: consisting

text: mainly

text: of

text: agriculture

text: and

text: forests

text: Galgauska parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene District, Latvia.

text: Galgauska

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: District

text: Latvia

text: Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

text: Sweden

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Swedish

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Denmark

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: bridge

text: tunnel

text: across

text: the

text: Öresund

text: At

text: Sweden

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Sweden

text: consequently

text: has

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.

text: Lithuania

text: UK

text: and

text: US

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Baltic

text: states

text: it

text: is

text: situated

text: along

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Denmark

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Lithuania

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Vilnius

text: Lithuanians

text: are

text: Baltic

text: people

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: Lithuanian

text: along

text: with

text: Latvian

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: two

text: living

text: languages

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: language

text: family

text: Vidzeme is one of the historical and cultural regions of Latvia. Literally meaning "the Middle Land" it is situated in north-central Latvia north of the Daugava River. Sometimes in German it is also known as "Livland"- German form from Latin "Livonia", though it comprises only a small part of Medieval Livonia and about half (Latvian part) of Swedish Livonia.

text: Vidzeme

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: regions

text: of

text: Latvia

text: Literally

text: meaning

text: the

text: Middle

text: Land

text: it

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: north

text: central

text: Latvia

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Daugava

text: River

text: Sometimes

text: in

text: German

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Livland"-

text: German

text: form

text: from

text: Latin

text: Livonia

text: though

text: it

text: comprises

text: only

text: small

text: part

text: of

text: Medieval

text: Livonia

text: and

text: about

text: half

text: Latvian

text: part

text: of

text: Swedish

text: Livonia

text:
Litene Manor is a manor house in Litene parish, in the historical region of Vidzeme, in northern Latvia. It was built during the first half of the 19th century in Classical style for Baron Otto von Wolff on the banks of the Pededze. Manor was burned down during revolution of 1905 but was later restored in simplified forms.
After Latvian agrarian reforms in 1921 manor house was nationalised and lands partitioned. Since 1924 building houses the Litene primary school.

text: Litene

text: Manor

text: is

text: manor

text: house

text: in

text: Litene

text: parish

text: in

text: the

text: historical

text: region

text: of

text: Vidzeme

text: in

text: northern

text: Latvia

text: It

text: was

text: built

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Classical

text: style

text: for

text: Baron

text: Otto

text: von

text: Wolff

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Pededze

text: Manor

text: was

text: burned

text: down

text: during

text: revolution

text: of

text: but

text: was

text: later

text: restored

text: in

text: simplified

text: forms

text: After

text: Latvian

text: agrarian

text: reforms

text: in

text: manor

text: house

text: was

text: nationalised

text: and

text: lands

text: partitioned

text: Since

text: building

text: houses

text: the

text: Litene

text: primary

text: school

text: Lizums parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene Municipality, Latvia. It was formerly an administrative unit of the Gulbene District. The administrative center is Lizums.

text: Lizums

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: Municipality

text: Latvia

text: It

text: was

text: formerly

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: District

text: The

text: administrative

text: center

text: is

text: Lizums

text: The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations, or simply, the Baltics, are the three countries in northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The Baltic states cooperate on a regional level in several intergovernmental organizations.

text: The

text: Baltic

text: states

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Baltic

text: countries

text: Baltic

text: republics

text: Baltic

text: nations

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: Baltics

text: are

text: the

text: three

text: countries

text: in

text: northern

text: Europe

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Estonia

text: Latvia

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: The

text: Baltic

text: states

text: cooperate

text: on

text: regional

text: level

text: in

text: several

text: intergovernmental

text: organizations

text: Litene ( German : Lettin ) is the center of Litene parish , in Gulbene Municipality , in north - eastern Latvia . Other names : Lytene , Myza Lytene . A notable building is Litene Manor .

text: Litene

text: German

text: Lettin

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Litene

text: parish

text: in

text: Gulbene

text: Municipality

text: in

text: north

text: eastern

text: Latvia

text: Other

text: names

text: Lytene

text: Myza

text: Lytene

text: notable

text: building

text: is

text: Litene

text: Manor

text: Litene parish is situated in Gulbene Municipality, Latvia. It was formerly an administrative unit of the Gulbene District. The administrative center is Litene.

text: Litene

text: parish

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Gulbene

text: Municipality

text: Latvia

text: It

text: was

text: formerly

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: District

text: The

text: administrative

text: center

text: is

text: Litene

text: Stmeriena parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene Municipality, Latvia. The administrative center is Vecstmeriena.

text: Stmeriena

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: Municipality

text: Latvia

text: The

text: administrative

text: center

text: is

text: Vecstmeriena

text: Gulbene District was an administrative division of Latvia, located in the Vidzeme region, in the country's north-east. It was organized into a city and thirteen parishes, each with a local government authority. The main city in the district was Gulbene.

text: Gulbene

text: District

text: was

text: an

text: administrative

text: division

text: of

text: Latvia

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Vidzeme

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: north

text: east

text: It

text: was

text: organized

text: into

text: city

text: and

text: thirteen

text: parishes

text: each

text: with

text: local

text: government

text: authority

text: The

text: main

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: was

text: Gulbene

text: Lgo parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene District, Latvia.

text: Lgo

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: District

text: Latvia

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Dauksti parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene District, Latvia.

text: Dauksti

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: District

text: Latvia

text: Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.

text: Belarus

text: lat

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Belarus

text: formerly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Russian

text: name

text: Byelorussia

text: though

text: this

text: name

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: used

text: in

text: Belarus

text: itself

text: even

text: in

text: Russian

text: language

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Minsk

text: Over

text: of

text: its

text: is

text: forested

text: Its

text: strongest

text: economic

text: sectors

text: are

text: service

text: industries

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: different

text: states

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: controlled

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Belarus

text: including

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: to

text: centuries

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Stradi parish is an administrative unit of the Gulbene District, Latvia.

text: Stradi

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Gulbene

text: District

text: Latvia

question: instance_of litene

answer: village

text: village