text: "Main Stem" is 1942 instrumental by Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra. Although recorded in 1942, the single would not be released until 1944 where it was Duke Ellington's last of four number one's on the Harlem Hit Parade. "Main Stem" also peaked at number twenty on the pop chart.

text: Main

text: Stem

text: is

text: instrumental

text: by

text: Duke

text: Ellington

text: and

text: His

text: Famous

text: Orchestra

text: Although

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: single

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: released

text: until

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: Duke

text: Ellington

text: 's

text: last

text: of

text: four

text: number

text: one

text: 's

text: on

text: the

text: Harlem

text: Hit

text: Parade

text: Main

text: Stem

text: also

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: twenty

text: on

text: the

text: pop

text: chart

text: Peru , officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.

text: Peru

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Peru

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Colombia

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Brazil

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Chile

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Peru

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: biodiverse

text: country

text: with

text: habitats

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: arid

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coastal

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: peaks

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: mountains

text: vertically

text: extending

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: the

text: tropical

text: Amazon

text: Basin

text: rainforest

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Amazon

text: river

text: A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater, leading the water out into an ocean.

text: tributary

text: or

text: affluent

text: is

text: stream

text: or

text: river

text: that

text: flows

text: into

text: larger

text: stream

text: or

text: main

text: stem

text: or

text: parent

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: tributary

text: does

text: not

text: flow

text: directly

text: into

text: sea

text: or

text: ocean

text: Tributaries

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: stem

text: river

text: drain

text: the

text: surrounding

text: drainage

text: basin

text: of

text: its

text: surface

text: water

text: and

text: groundwater

text: leading

text: the

text: water

text: out

text: into

text: an

text: ocean

text: A drainage basin or catchment basin is an extent or an area of land where all surface water from rain, melting snow, or ice converges to a single point at a lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean. Thus if a tributary stream joins a brook that in turn joins a small river which is a tributary of a larger river, there is a series of successively larger (and lower elevation) drainage basins. For instance, the Missouri and Ohio rivers are within their own drainage basins and also within the drainage basin of the Mississippi River.

text: drainage

text: basin

text: or

text: catchment

text: basin

text: is

text: an

text: extent

text: or

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: land

text: where

text: all

text: surface

text: water

text: from

text: rain

text: melting

text: snow

text: or

text: ice

text: converges

text: to

text: single

text: point

text: at

text: lower

text: elevation

text: usually

text: the

text: exit

text: of

text: the

text: basin

text: where

text: the

text: waters

text: join

text: another

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: such

text: as

text: river

text: lake

text: reservoir

text: estuary

text: wetland

text: sea

text: or

text: ocean

text: Thus

text: if

text: tributary

text: stream

text: joins

text: brook

text: that

text: in

text: turn

text: joins

text: small

text: river

text: which

text: is

text: tributary

text: of

text: larger

text: river

text: there

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: successively

text: larger

text: and

text: lower

text: elevation

text: drainage

text: basins

text: For

text: instance

text: the

text: Missouri

text: and

text: Ohio

text: rivers

text: are

text: within

text: their

text: own

text: drainage

text: basins

text: and

text: also

text: within

text: the

text: drainage

text: basin

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: Alto Purús National Park is a national park in the Amazon rainforest area of Peru, created on November 18, 2004. It contains some of the most rugged, treacherous, remote and unexplored territory in the Amazon. It is also home to a number of indigenous tribes, including some that have avoided contact with the outside world. Situated on the Purús River, it is the largest protected area in Peru, covering .

text: Alto

text: Purús

text: National

text: Park

text: is

text: national

text: park

text: in

text: the

text: Amazon

text: rainforest

text: area

text: of

text: Peru

text: created

text: on

text: November

text: It

text: contains

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: rugged

text: treacherous

text: remote

text: and

text: unexplored

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: Amazon

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: number

text: of

text: indigenous

text: tribes

text: including

text: some

text: that

text: have

text: avoided

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: outside

text: world

text: Situated

text: on

text: the

text: Purús

text: River

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: protected

text: area

text: in

text: Peru

text: covering

text: Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for ) and atomic number 50, is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains tin dioxide, SnO. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both of its neighbors in group 14, germanium and lead, and has two main oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has, with 10 stable isotopes, the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table, thanks to its magic number of protons. It has two main allotropes: at room temperature, the stable allotrope is -tin, a silvery-white, malleable metal, but at low temperatures it transforms into the less dense grey -tin, which has the diamond cubic structure. Metallic tin is not easily oxidized in air.

text: Tin

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: the

text: symbol

text: Sn

text: for

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: is

text: post

text: transition

text: metal

text: in

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: It

text: is

text: obtained

text: chiefly

text: from

text: the

text: mineral

text: cassiterite

text: which

text: contains

text: tin

text: dioxide

text: SnO.

text: Tin

text: shows

text: chemical

text: similarity

text: to

text: both

text: of

text: its

text: neighbors

text: in

text: group

text: germanium

text: and

text: lead

text: and

text: has

text: two

text: main

text: oxidation

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: slightly

text: more

text: stable

text: Tin

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: abundant

text: element

text: and

text: has

text: with

text: stable

text: isotopes

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: stable

text: isotopes

text: in

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: thanks

text: to

text: its

text: magic

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: It

text: has

text: two

text: main

text: allotropes

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: the

text: stable

text: allotrope

text: is

text: -tin

text: silvery

text: white

text: malleable

text: metal

text: but

text: at

text: low

text: temperatures

text: it

text: transforms

text: into

text: the

text: less

text: dense

text: grey

text: -tin

text: which

text: has

text: the

text: diamond

text: cubic

text: structure

text: Metallic

text: tin

text: is

text: not

text: easily

text: oxidized

text: in

text: air

text: The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

text: The

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: river

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: drainage

text: system

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: Flowing

text: entirely

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: although

text: its

text: drainage

text: basin

text: reaches

text: into

text: Canada

text: it

text: rises

text: in

text: northern

text: Minnesota

text: and

text: meanders

text: slowly

text: southwards

text: for

text: to

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: Delta

text: at

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: With

text: its

text: many

text: tributaries

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: 's

text: watershed

text: drains

text: all

text: or

text: parts

text: of

text: U.S.

text: states

text: and

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: between

text: the

text: Rocky

text: and

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: The

text: Mississippi

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: fourth

text: longest

text: and

text: fifteenth

text: largest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: discharge

text: The

text: river

text: either

text: borders

text: or

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Minnesota

text: Wisconsin

text: Iowa

text: Illinois

text: Missouri

text: Kentucky

text: Tennessee

text: Arkansas

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: Louisiana

text: Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.

text: Brazil

text: officially

text: the

text: Federative

text: Republic

text: of

text: Brazil

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: both

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: As

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fifth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: Portuguese

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: Brazil

text: has

text: coastline

text: of

text: It

text: borders

text: all

text: other

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: except

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Chile

text: and

text: covers

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: land

text: area

text: Its

text: Amazon

text: River

text: basin

text: includes

text: vast

text: tropical

text: forest

text: home

text: to

text: diverse

text: wildlife

text: variety

text: of

text: ecological

text: systems

text: and

text: extensive

text: natural

text: resources

text: spanning

text: numerous

text: protected

text: habitats

text: This

text: unique

text: environmental

text: heritage

text: makes

text: Brazil

text: one

text: of

text: megadiverse

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: significant

text: global

text: interest

text: and

text: debate

text: regarding

text: deforestation

text: and

text: environmental

text: protection

text: The Meeting of Waters is the confluence between the dark (blackwater) Rio Negro and the pale sandy-colored (whitewater) Amazon River or Rio Solimões, as the upper section of the Amazon is known in Brazil upriver of this confluence. For the two rivers' waters run side by side without mixing. It is one of the main tourist attractions of Manaus, Brazil. The same also happens near Santarém, Pará with the Amazon and Tapajós rivers. This phenomenon occurs in other regions of the world with differing characters of rivers.

text: The

text: Meeting

text: of

text: Waters

text: is

text: the

text: confluence

text: between

text: the

text: dark

text: blackwater

text: Rio

text: Negro

text: and

text: the

text: pale

text: sandy

text: colored

text: whitewater

text: Amazon

text: River

text: or

text: Rio

text: Solimões

text: as

text: the

text: upper

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: is

text: known

text: in

text: Brazil

text: upriver

text: of

text: this

text: confluence

text: For

text: the

text: two

text: rivers

text: waters

text: run

text: side

text: by

text: side

text: without

text: mixing

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: tourist

text: attractions

text: of

text: Manaus

text: Brazil

text: The

text: same

text: also

text: happens

text: near

text: Santarém

text: Pará

text: with

text: the

text: Amazon

text: and

text: Tapajós

text: rivers

text: This

text: phenomenon

text: occurs

text: in

text: other

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: differing

text: characters

text: of

text: rivers

text: Ucayali is an inland region in Peru. Located in the Amazon rainforest, its name is derived from the Ucayali River. The regional capital is the city of Pucallpa.

text: Ucayali

text: is

text: an

text: inland

text: region

text: in

text: Peru

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Amazon

text: rainforest

text: its

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Ucayali

text: River

text: The

text: regional

text: capital

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Pucallpa

text: An ocean (the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans. The word "sea" is often used interchangeably with "ocean" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.

text: An

text: ocean

text: the

text: sea

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: saline

text: water

text: that

text: composes

text: much

text: of

text: planet

text: 's

text: hydrosphere

text: On

text: Earth

text: an

text: ocean

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: conventional

text: divisions

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Ocean

text: which

text: covers

text: almost

text: of

text: its

text: surface

text: These

text: are

text: in

text: descending

text: order

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Atlantic

text: Indian

text: Southern

text: Antarctic

text: and

text: Arctic

text: Oceans

text: The

text: word

text: sea

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: with

text: ocean

text: in

text: American

text: English

text: but

text: strictly

text: speaking

text: sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: saline

text: water

text: generally

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ocean

text: partly

text: or

text: fully

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: The Mantaro River is a long river running through the central region of Peru. Its Quechua name means "great river". The word "Mantaro" may be a word originally from the Ashaninka language, who live downstream along the Ene River. The Mantaro, along with the Apurimac River, holds the distinction of being the source of the Amazon River, depending on the criteria used for definition.

text: The

text: Mantaro

text: River

text: is

text: long

text: river

text: running

text: through

text: the

text: central

text: region

text: of

text: Peru

text: Its

text: Quechua

text: name

text: means

text: great

text: river

text: The

text: word

text: Mantaro

text: may

text: be

text: word

text: originally

text: from

text: the

text: Ashaninka

text: language

text: who

text: live

text: downstream

text: along

text: the

text: Ene

text: River

text: The

text: Mantaro

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Apurimac

text: River

text: holds

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: being

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: criteria

text: used

text: for

text: definition

text: Iquitos, also known as Iquitos City, is the capital city of Peru's Maynas Province and Loreto Region. The largest metropolis in the Peruvian Amazon, east of the Andes, it is the sixth most populous city of Peru.

text: Iquitos

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Iquitos

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Peru

text: 's

text: Maynas

text: Province

text: and

text: Loreto

text: Region

text: The

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: in

text: the

text: Peruvian

text: Amazon

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Peru

text: The Ucayali River arises about north of Lake Titicaca, in the Arequipa region of Peru. The Amazon River takes its name close to Nauta city (100 km upstream/south of Iquitos), at the confluence of the Marañón and Ucayali rivers. The Ucayali becomes a major tributary of the Amazon River. Navigation was blocked by lengthy sections of rapids. The city of Pucallpa is located on the banks of the Ucayali.

text: The

text: Ucayali

text: River

text: arises

text: about

text: north

text: of

text: Lake

text: Titicaca

text: in

text: the

text: Arequipa

text: region

text: of

text: Peru

text: The

text: Amazon

text: River

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: close

text: to

text: Nauta

text: city

text: km

text: upstream

text: south

text: of

text: Iquitos

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Marañón

text: and

text: Ucayali

text: rivers

text: The

text: Ucayali

text: becomes

text: major

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: Navigation

text: was

text: blocked

text: by

text: lengthy

text: sections

text: of

text: rapids

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Pucallpa

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Ucayali

text: The Amazon rainforest (Portuguese: ' or ' ' or usually '; ), also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle, is a moist broadleaf forest that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses , of which are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations. The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil, with 60% of the rainforest, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. States or departments in four nations contain "Amazonas" in their names. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species.

text: The

text: Amazon

text: rainforest

text: Portuguese

text: or

text: or

text: usually

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Amazonia

text: or

text: the

text: Amazon

text: Jungle

text: is

text: moist

text: broadleaf

text: forest

text: that

text: covers

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: basin

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: This

text: basin

text: encompasses

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: rainforest

text: This

text: region

text: includes

text: territory

text: belonging

text: to

text: nine

text: nations

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: forest

text: is

text: contained

text: within

text: Brazil

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: rainforest

text: followed

text: by

text: Peru

text: with

text: Colombia

text: with

text: and

text: with

text: minor

text: amounts

text: in

text: Venezuela

text: Ecuador

text: Bolivia

text: Guyana

text: Suriname

text: and

text: French

text: Guiana

text: States

text: or

text: departments

text: in

text: four

text: nations

text: contain

text: Amazonas

text: in

text: their

text: names

text: The

text: Amazon

text: represents

text: over

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: planet

text: 's

text: remaining

text: rainforests

text: and

text: comprises

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: biodiverse

text: tract

text: of

text: tropical

text: rainforest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: billion

text: individual

text: trees

text: divided

text: into

text: species

text: Pucallpa (Quechua: puka allpa, "red earth") is a city in eastern Peru located on the banks of the Ucayali River, a major tributary of the Amazon River. It is the capital of the Ucayali region, the Coronel Portillo Province and the Calleria District.

text: Pucallpa

text: Quechua

text: puka

text: allpa

text: red

text: earth

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: eastern

text: Peru

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Ucayali

text: River

text: major

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Ucayali

text: region

text: the

text: Coronel

text: Portillo

text: Province

text: and

text: the

text: Calleria

text: District

text: Solimões is the name often given to upper stretches of the Amazon River in Brazil from its confluence with the Rio Negro upstream to the border of Peru. The Solimões portion of the Amazon river lies entirely in the State of Amazonas, Brazil, and some portion of the state is often referred to as the "Solimões region". The ecoregion of the Solimões river drainage basin is entirely tropical rainforest.

text: Solimões

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: often

text: given

text: to

text: upper

text: stretches

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: in

text: Brazil

text: from

text: its

text: confluence

text: with

text: the

text: Rio

text: Negro

text: upstream

text: to

text: the

text: border

text: of

text: Peru

text: The

text: Solimões

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: river

text: lies

text: entirely

text: in

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Amazonas

text: Brazil

text: and

text: some

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Solimões

text: region

text: The

text: ecoregion

text: of

text: the

text: Solimões

text: river

text: drainage

text: basin

text: is

text: entirely

text: tropical

text: rainforest

text:
Mismi is a mountain peak of volcanic origin located in the Ch'ila mountain range in the Andes of Peru. A glacial stream on the Mismi was firmly identified as the most distant source of the Amazon River in 1996; this finding was confirmed in 2001 and again in 2007.
The waters from Mismi flow into the streams Qarwasanta and Apachita, which flow into the Apurímac River. It is a tributary of the Ucayali which later joins the Marañón to form the Amazon proper.

text: Mismi

text: is

text: mountain

text: peak

text: of

text: volcanic

text: origin

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Ch'ila

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: the

text: Andes

text: of

text: Peru

text: glacial

text: stream

text: on

text: the

text: Mismi

text: was

text: firmly

text: identified

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: distant

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: in

text: this

text: finding

text: was

text: confirmed

text: in

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: The

text: waters

text: from

text: Mismi

text: flow

text: into

text: the

text: streams

text: Qarwasanta

text: and

text: Apachita

text: which

text: flow

text: into

text: the

text: Apurímac

text: River

text: It

text: is

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Ucayali

text: which

text: later

text: joins

text: the

text: Marañón

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Amazon

text: proper

text: An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.

text: An

text: estuary

text: is

text: partially

text: enclosed

text: coastal

text: body

text: of

text: brackish

text: water

text: with

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: rivers

text: or

text: streams

text: flowing

text: into

text: it

text: and

text: with

text: free

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: open

text: sea

text: A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague.

text: river

text: is

text: natural

text: flowing

text: watercourse

text: usually

text: freshwater

text: flowing

text: towards

text: an

text: ocean

text: sea

text: lake

text: or

text: another

text: river

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: river

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: becomes

text: dry

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: its

text: course

text: without

text: reaching

text: another

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Small

text: rivers

text: can

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: using

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: stream

text: creek

text: brook

text: rivulet

text: and

text: rill

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: definitions

text: for

text: the

text: generic

text: term

text: river

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: geographic

text: features

text: although

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: or

text: communities

text: stream

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: size

text: Many

text: names

text: for

text: small

text: rivers

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: geographic

text: location

text: examples

text: are

text: run

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: burn

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: northeast

text: England

text: and

text: beck

text: in

text: northern

text: England

text: Sometimes

text: river

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: larger

text: than

text: creek

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: vague

text: Manaus or Manaós before 1939 or (formerly) Barra do Rio Negro, is the capital city of the state of Amazonas in the North Region of Brazil. It is situated at the confluence of the Negro and Solimões rivers. With a population of more than 2 million, it is the most populous city of both the Brazilian state of Amazonas and the Amazon rainforest.

text: Manaus

text: or

text: Manaós

text: before

text: or

text: formerly

text: Barra

text: do

text: Rio

text: Negro

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Amazonas

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Region

text: of

text: Brazil

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Negro

text: and

text: Solimões

text: rivers

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: state

text: of

text: Amazonas

text: and

text: the

text: Amazon

text: rainforest

text: The Purus River or Rio Purús is a tributary of the Amazon River in South America . Its drainage basin is 63,166 km2 ( 24,389 sq mi ) , and the mean discharge is 8,400 m³ / s. The river shares its name with the Alto Purús National Park as well as the Purús Province ( and its conformed Purús District ) , one of the four provinces of Peru in the Ucayali Region .

text: The

text: Purus

text: River

text: or

text: Rio

text: Purús

text: is

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: Its

text: drainage

text: basin

text: is

text: sq

text: mi

text: and

text: the

text: mean

text: discharge

text: is

text: m³

text: The

text: river

text: shares

text: its

text: name

text: with

text: the

text: Alto

text: Purús

text: National

text: Park

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Purús

text: Province

text: and

text: its

text: conformed

text: Purús

text: District

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: provinces

text: of

text: Peru

text: in

text: the

text: Ucayali

text: Region

text: Purús Province is one of four provinces in the Ucayali Region, in the central Amazon rainforest of Peru. The Purus River runs through it.

text: Purús

text: Province

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: four

text: provinces

text: in

text: the

text: Ucayali

text: Region

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: Amazon

text: rainforest

text: of

text: Peru

text: The

text: Purus

text: River

text: runs

text: through

text: it

text: South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).

text: South

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: hemisphere

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: with

text: relatively

text: small

text: portion

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: model

text: used

text: in

text: nations

text: that

text: speak

text: Romance

text: languages

text: The

text: reference

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: instead

text: of

text: other

text: regions

text: like

text: Latin

text: America

text: or

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: has

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: due

text: to

text: changing

text: geopolitical

text: dynamics

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Brazil

text: Southern Cone is a geographic region composed of the southernmost areas of South America, south of and around the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and south to the junction between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which is the closest continental area of Antarctica (1000 km). In terms of social and political geography, the Southern Cone comprises Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Southern Brazil and sometimes Paraguay.

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: is

text: geographic

text: region

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: southernmost

text: areas

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: south

text: of

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: Tropic

text: of

text: Capricorn

text: Traditionally

text: it

text: covers

text: Argentina

text: Chile

text: and

text: Uruguay

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: south

text: to

text: the

text: junction

text: between

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Atlantic

text: Oceans

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: closest

text: continental

text: area

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: km

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: geography

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: comprises

text: Argentina

text: Chile

text: Uruguay

text: Southern

text: Brazil

text: and

text: sometimes

text: Paraguay

text:
The Amazon River (or ; Spanish and ) in South America is the largest river by discharge of water in the world, and according to some experts, the longest in length.
The headwaters of the Apurímac River on Nevado Mismi had been considered for nearly a century as the Amazons most distant source, until a 2014 study found it to be the Cordillera Rumi Cruz at the headwaters of the Mantaro River in Peru. The Mantaro and Apurímac confluence, and with other tributaries form the Ucayali River, which in turn confluences with the Marañón River upstream of Iquitos, Peru, to form what countries other than Brazil consider to be the main stem of the Amazon. Brazilians call this section the Solimões River above its confluence with the Rio Negro to form what Brazilians call the Amazon at the Meeting of Waters at Manaus, the river's largest city.

text: The

text: Amazon

text: River

text: or

text: Spanish

text: and

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: river

text: by

text: discharge

text: of

text: water

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: some

text: experts

text: the

text: longest

text: in

text: length

text: The

text: headwaters

text: of

text: the

text: Apurímac

text: River

text: on

text: Nevado

text: Mismi

text: had

text: been

text: considered

text: for

text: nearly

text: century

text: as

text: the

text: Amazons

text: most

text: distant

text: source

text: until

text: study

text: found

text: it

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: Cordillera

text: Rumi

text: Cruz

text: at

text: the

text: headwaters

text: of

text: the

text: Mantaro

text: River

text: in

text: Peru

text: The

text: Mantaro

text: and

text: Apurímac

text: confluence

text: and

text: with

text: other

text: tributaries

text: form

text: the

text: Ucayali

text: River

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: confluences

text: with

text: the

text: Marañón

text: River

text: upstream

text: of

text: Iquitos

text: Peru

text: to

text: form

text: what

text: countries

text: other

text: than

text: Brazil

text: consider

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: main

text: stem

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: Brazilians

text: call

text: this

text: section

text: the

text: Solimões

text: River

text: above

text: its

text: confluence

text: with

text: the

text: Rio

text: Negro

text: to

text: form

text: what

text: Brazilians

text: call

text: the

text: Amazon

text: at

text: the

text: Meeting

text: of

text: Waters

text: at

text: Manaus

text: the

text: river

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: Purús District is the only district of the Purús Province located in the Ucayali Region in Peru. The Purus River runs through it.

text: Purús

text: District

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: district

text: of

text: the

text: Purús

text: Province

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Ucayali

text: Region

text: in

text: Peru

text: The

text: Purus

text: River

text: runs

text: through

text: it

text: The Marañón River is the principal or mainstem source of the Amazon River, arising about 160 km to the northeast of Lima, Peru, and flowing through a deeply eroded Andean valley in a northwesterly direction, along the eastern base of the Cordillera of the Andes, as far as 5 degrees 36' southern latitude; from where it makes a great bend to the northeast, and cuts through the jungle Andes, until at the Pongo de Manseriche it flows into the flat Amazon basin. Although historically, the term "Marañon River" often was applied to the river all the way to the Atlantic Ocean, nowadays the Marañon River is generally thought to end at the confluence with the Ucayali River, after which most cartographers label the ensuing waterway the Amazon River.

text: The

text: Marañón

text: River

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: or

text: mainstem

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: arising

text: about

text: km

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: Lima

text: Peru

text: and

text: flowing

text: through

text: deeply

text: eroded

text: Andean

text: valley

text: in

text: northwesterly

text: direction

text: along

text: the

text: eastern

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: Cordillera

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: degrees

text: southern

text: latitude

text: from

text: where

text: it

text: makes

text: great

text: bend

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: cuts

text: through

text: the

text: jungle

text: Andes

text: until

text: at

text: the

text: Pongo

text: de

text: Manseriche

text: it

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: flat

text: Amazon

text: basin

text: Although

text: historically

text: the

text: term

text: Marañon

text: River

text: often

text: was

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: river

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: nowadays

text: the

text: Marañon

text: River

text: is

text: generally

text: thought

text: to

text: end

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: with

text: the

text: Ucayali

text: River

text: after

text: which

text: most

text: cartographers

text: label

text: the

text: ensuing

text: waterway

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, "the sea" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic watersconsidered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the seaoceanographydates broadly to the British "Challenger" expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sectionsincluding the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as "seas".

text: sea

text: is

text: large

text: body

text: of

text: salt

text: water

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: in

text: whole

text: or

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: land

text: More

text: broadly

text: the

text: sea

text: is

text: the

text: interconnected

text: system

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: salty

text: oceanic

text: watersconsidered

text: as

text: one

text: global

text: ocean

text: or

text: as

text: several

text: principal

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: The

text: sea

text: moderates

text: Earth

text: 's

text: climate

text: and

text: has

text: important

text: roles

text: in

text: the

text: water

text: cycle

text: carbon

text: cycle

text: and

text: nitrogen

text: cycle

text: Although

text: the

text: sea

text: has

text: been

text: traveled

text: and

text: explored

text: since

text: prehistory

text: the

text: modern

text: scientific

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: seaoceanographydates

text: broadly

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Challenger

text: expedition

text: of

text: the

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: conventionally

text: divided

text: into

text: up

text: to

text: five

text: large

text: oceanic

text: sectionsincluding

text: the

text: International

text: Hydrographic

text: Organization

text: 's

text: four

text: named

text: oceans

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: Indian

text: and

text: Arctic

text: and

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: smaller

text: second

text: order

text: sections

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: seas

annotations: follows multiple

question: mouth_of_the_watercourse purus river

answer: solimões

text: solimões

text: solimões

text: solimões

text: solimões

text: solimões

text: solimões

text: solimões


text: Bielsko-Biala Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998, superseded by Silesian Voivodeship and Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Its capital city was Bielsko-Biaa.

text: Bielsko

text: Biala

text: Voivodeship

text: was

text: unit

text: of

text: administrative

text: division

text: and

text: local

text: government

text: in

text: Poland

text: from

text: to

text: superseded

text: by

text: Silesian

text: Voivodeship

text: and

text: Lesser

text: Poland

text: Voivodeship

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: Bielsko

text: Biaa

text: An upper house, sometimes called a Senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature (or one of three chambers of a tricameral legislature), the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller, and often has more restricted power, than the lower house. Examples of upper houses in countries include the UK's House of Lords, Canada's Senate, India's Rajya Sabha, Russia's Federation Council, Ireland's Seanad, Germany's Bundesrat and the United States Senate.

text: An

text: upper

text: house

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Senate

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: chambers

text: of

text: bicameral

text: legislature

text: or

text: one

text: of

text: three

text: chambers

text: of

text: tricameral

text: legislature

text: the

text: other

text: chamber

text: being

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: The

text: house

text: formally

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: upper

text: house

text: is

text: usually

text: smaller

text: and

text: often

text: has

text: more

text: restricted

text: power

text: than

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: Examples

text: of

text: upper

text: houses

text: in

text: countries

text: include

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: House

text: of

text: Lords

text: Canada

text: 's

text: Senate

text: India

text: 's

text: Rajya

text: Sabha

text: Russia

text: 's

text: Federation

text: Council

text: Ireland

text: 's

text: Seanad

text: Germany

text: 's

text: Bundesrat

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Senate

text: The Sejm of the Republic of Poland is the lower house of the Polish parliament. It consists of 460 deputies (posowie, literally "envoys", in Polish) elected by universal ballot and is presided over by a speaker called the "Marshal of the "Sejm" of the Republic of Poland" ("Marszaek Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej"). In the Kingdom of Poland, ""Sejm"" referred to the entire three-chamber parliament of Poland, comprising the lower house (the Chamber of Envoys), the upper house (the Senate; Polish: "Senat") and the King. It was thus a three-estate parliament. Since the Second Polish Republic (19181939), ""Sejm"" has referred only to the lower house of the parliament; the upper house is called the "Senat Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej" ("Senate of the Republic of Poland").

text: The

text: Sejm

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: parliament

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: deputies

text: posowie

text: literally

text: envoys

text: in

text: Polish

text: elected

text: by

text: universal

text: ballot

text: and

text: is

text: presided

text: over

text: by

text: speaker

text: called

text: the

text: Marshal

text: of

text: the

text: Sejm

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: Marszaek

text: Sejmu

text: Rzeczypospolitej

text: Polskiej

text: In

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Poland

text: Sejm

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: entire

text: three

text: chamber

text: parliament

text: of

text: Poland

text: comprising

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: the

text: Chamber

text: of

text: Envoys

text: the

text: upper

text: house

text: the

text: Senate

text: Polish

text: Senat

text: and

text: the

text: King

text: It

text: was

text: thus

text: three

text: estate

text: parliament

text: Since

text: the

text: Second

text: Polish

text: Republic

text: Sejm

text: has

text: referred

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: of

text: the

text: parliament

text: the

text: upper

text: house

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: Senat

text: Rzeczypospolitej

text: Polskiej

text: Senate

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) is a social-democratic political party in Poland. It was formed in 1991 as an electoral alliance of centre-left parties, and became a single party on 15 April 1999. It has always been considered a post-communist party. It has no parliamentary representation as of the 2015 parliamentary election.

text: Democratic

text: Left

text: Alliance

text: SLD

text: is

text: social

text: democratic

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: Poland

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: as

text: an

text: electoral

text: alliance

text: of

text: centre

text: left

text: parties

text: and

text: became

text: single

text: party

text: on

text: April

text: It

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: considered

text: post

text: communist

text: party

text: It

text: has

text: no

text: parliamentary

text: representation

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: election

text: The Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province, is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centered on the historic region known as Upper Silesia ("), with Katowice serving as its capital.

text: The

text: Silesian

text: Voivodeship

text: or

text: Silesia

text: Province

text: is

text: voivodeship

text: or

text: province

text: in

text: southern

text: Poland

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: historic

text: region

text: known

text: as

text: Upper

text: Silesia

text: with

text: Katowice

text: serving

text: as

text: its

text: capital

text: Wilamowice (Wymysorys: "Wymysoü") is a small town in southern Poland, situated in the Bielsko County, Silesian Voivodeship (since 1999, previously in Bielsko-Biaa Voivodeship, 19751998). The endangered language of Wymysorys is spoken here by about 70 native speakers, the majority of them elderly. The language was the main one of the town until the early communist period (19451956), when authorities repressed it. The inhabitants identifying themselves with the original culture are Wilamowiczanie.

text: Wilamowice

text: Wymysorys

text: Wymysoü

text: is

text: small

text: town

text: in

text: southern

text: Poland

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Bielsko

text: County

text: Silesian

text: Voivodeship

text: since

text: previously

text: in

text: Bielsko

text: Biaa

text: Voivodeship

text: The

text: endangered

text: language

text: of

text: Wymysorys

text: is

text: spoken

text: here

text: by

text: about

text: native

text: speakers

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: them

text: elderly

text: The

text: language

text: was

text: the

text: main

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: communist

text: period

text: when

text: authorities

text: repressed

text: it

text: The

text: inhabitants

text: identifying

text: themselves

text: with

text: the

text: original

text: culture

text: are

text: Wilamowiczanie

text: The Second Polish Republic, also known as the Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (19181939). Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland, the Polish state was recreated in 1918, in the aftermath of World War I. When, after several regional conflicts, the borders of the state were fixed in 1922, Poland's neighbours were Czechoslovakia, Germany, the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania and the Soviet Union. It had access to the Baltic Sea via a short strip of coastline either side of the city of Gdynia. Between March and August 1939, Poland also shared a border with the then-Hungarian governorate of Subcarpathia. Despite internal and external pressures, it continued to exist until 1939, when Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of World War II in Europe. The Second Republic was significantly different in territory to the current Polish state. It included substantially more territory in the east and less in the west.

text: The

text: Second

text: Polish

text: Republic

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Poland

text: or

text: interwar

text: Poland

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: Poland

text: between

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: World

text: Wars

text: Officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: or

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Poland

text: the

text: Polish

text: state

text: was

text: recreated

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: When

text: after

text: several

text: regional

text: conflicts

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: were

text: fixed

text: in

text: Poland

text: 's

text: neighbours

text: were

text: Czechoslovakia

text: Germany

text: the

text: Free

text: City

text: of

text: Danzig

text: Lithuania

text: Latvia

text: Romania

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: It

text: had

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: via

text: short

text: strip

text: of

text: coastline

text: either

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Gdynia

text: Between

text: March

text: and

text: August

text: Poland

text: also

text: shared

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: then

text: Hungarian

text: governorate

text: of

text: Subcarpathia

text: Despite

text: internal

text: and

text: external

text: pressures

text: it

text: continued

text: to

text: exist

text: until

text: when

text: Poland

text: was

text: invaded

text: by

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: Slovak

text: Republic

text: marking

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: Second

text: Republic

text: was

text: significantly

text: different

text: in

text: territory

text: to

text: the

text: current

text: Polish

text: state

text: It

text: included

text: substantially

text: more

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: less

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Zbyszek Zaborowski ( born February 26 , 1958 in Wilamowice ) is a Polish politician . He was elected to Sejm on September 25 , 2005 getting 12643 votes in 31 Katowice district , candidating from Democratic Left Alliance list . He was also a member of Sejm 1993 - 1997 , Sejm 1997 - 2001 , and Sejm 2001 - 2005 .

text: Zbyszek

text: Zaborowski

text: born

text: February

text: in

text: Wilamowice

text: is

text: Polish

text: politician

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: to

text: Sejm

text: on

text: September

text: getting

text: votes

text: in

text: Katowice

text: district

text: candidating

text: from

text: Democratic

text: Left

text: Alliance

text: list

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: member

text: of

text: Sejm

text: Sejm

text: and

text: Sejm

text: Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.

text: Poland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Sudetes

text: and

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: Poland

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Poland

text: is

text: unitary

text: state

text: divided

text: into

text: administrative

text: subdivisions

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Warsaw

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Kraków

text: Wrocaw

text: Pozna

text: Gdask

text: and

text: Szczecin

text: Bielsko County is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Bielsko-Biaa, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The county contains three towns: Czechowice-Dziedzice, north-west of Bielsko-Biaa, Szczyrk, south of Bielsko-Biaa, and Wilamowice, north-east of Bielsko-Biaa.

text: Bielsko

text: County

text: is

text: unit

text: of

text: territorial

text: administration

text: and

text: local

text: government

text: powiat

text: in

text: Silesian

text: Voivodeship

text: southern

text: Poland

text: It

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: on

text: January

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: local

text: government

text: reforms

text: passed

text: in

text: Its

text: administrative

text: seat

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bielsko

text: Biaa

text: although

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: it

text: constitutes

text: separate

text: city

text: county

text: The

text: county

text: contains

text: three

text: towns

text: Czechowice

text: Dziedzice

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: Bielsko

text: Biaa

text: Szczyrk

text: south

text: of

text: Bielsko

text: Biaa

text: and

text: Wilamowice

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: Bielsko

text: Biaa

text: Katowice (, officially Miasto Katowice) is a city in southwestern Poland and the center of the Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 299,910 .

text: Katowice

text: officially

text: Miasto

text: Katowice

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Silesian

text: Metropolis

text: with

text: population

text: of

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows single

question: country_of_citizenship zbyszek zaborowski

answer: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland


text: In the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien, the First Age, or First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar is the heroic period in which most of Tolkien's early legends are set. Versions of these stories were later published in "The Silmarillion", and tales from this period lend a deep sense of time and history to the later period in which the action of "The Lord of the Rings" takes place.

text: In

text: the

text: fiction

text: of

text: Tolkien

text: the

text: First

text: Age

text: or

text: First

text: Age

text: of

text: the

text: Children

text: of

text: Ilúvatar

text: is

text: the

text: heroic

text: period

text: in

text: which

text: most

text: of

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: early

text: legends

text: are

text: set

text: Versions

text: of

text: these

text: stories

text: were

text: later

text: published

text: in

text: The

text: Silmarillion

text: and

text: tales

text: from

text: this

text: period

text: lend

text: deep

text: sense

text: of

text: time

text: and

text: history

text: to

text: the

text: later

text: period

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: action

text: of

text: The

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Rings

text: takes

text: place

text: The Lord of the Rings is an epic high-fantasy novel written by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. The story began as a sequel to Tolkien's 1937 fantasy novel "The Hobbit", but eventually developed into a much larger work. Written in stages between 1937 and 1949, "The Lord of the Rings" is one of the best-selling novels ever written, with over 150 million copies sold.

text: The

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Rings

text: is

text: an

text: epic

text: high

text: fantasy

text: novel

text: written

text: by

text: English

text: author

text: Tolkien

text: The

text: story

text: began

text: as

text: sequel

text: to

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: fantasy

text: novel

text: The

text: Hobbit

text: but

text: eventually

text: developed

text: into

text: much

text: larger

text: work

text: Written

text: in

text: stages

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Rings

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: novels

text: ever

text: written

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: copies

text: sold

text: A portion of the Narn i Chîn Húrin or "The Tale of the Children of Húrin" is a part of the book "Unfinished Tales" by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It is a prose version of an earlier narrative poem called "The Lay of the Children of Húrin". A complete version of the Narn called "The Children of Húrin", edited by Christopher Tolkien, was released as a new book in 2007.

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Narn

text: Chîn

text: Húrin

text: or

text: The

text: Tale

text: of

text: the

text: Children

text: of

text: Húrin

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: Unfinished

text: Tales

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: author

text: Tolkien

text: It

text: is

text: prose

text: version

text: of

text: an

text: earlier

text: narrative

text: poem

text: called

text: The

text: Lay

text: of

text: the

text: Children

text: of

text: Húrin

text: complete

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Narn

text: called

text: The

text: Children

text: of

text: Húrin

text: edited

text: by

text: Christopher

text: Tolkien

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: new

text: book

text: in

text: Unfinished Tales (full title: Unfinished Tales of Númenor and Middle-earth) is a collection of stories and essays by J. R. R. Tolkien that were never completed during his lifetime, but were edited by his son Christopher Tolkien and published in three volumes in 1980.

text: Unfinished

text: Tales

text: full

text: title

text: Unfinished

text: Tales

text: of

text: Númenor

text: and

text: Middle

text: earth

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: stories

text: and

text: essays

text: by

text: Tolkien

text: that

text: were

text: never

text: completed

text: during

text: his

text: lifetime

text: but

text: were

text: edited

text: by

text: his

text: son

text: Christopher

text: Tolkien

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: three

text: volumes

text: in

text: The Book of Lost Tales is a collection of early stories by J. R. R. Tolkien, published as the first two volumes of Christopher Tolkien's 12-volume series "The History of Middle-earth", in which he presents and analyzes the manuscripts of those stories, which were the earliest form of the complex fictional myths that would eventually comprise "The Silmarillion". Each of the Tales is followed by notes and a detailed commentary by Christopher Tolkien.

text: The

text: Book

text: of

text: Lost

text: Tales

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: early

text: stories

text: by

text: Tolkien

text: published

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: volumes

text: of

text: Christopher

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: series

text: The

text: History

text: of

text: Middle

text: earth

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: presents

text: and

text: analyzes

text: the

text: manuscripts

text: of

text: those

text: stories

text: which

text: were

text: the

text: earliest

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: complex

text: fictional

text: myths

text: that

text: would

text: eventually

text: comprise

text: The

text: Silmarillion

text: Each

text: of

text: the

text: Tales

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: notes

text: and

text: detailed

text: commentary

text: by

text: Christopher

text: Tolkien

text: In J. R. R. Tolkien's fictional legendarium, Beleriand was a region in northwestern Middle-earth during the First Age. Events in Beleriand are described chiefly in his work "The Silmarillion", which tells the story of the early ages of Middle-earth in a style similar to the epic hero tales of Nordic literature. Beleriand also appears in the works "The Book of Lost Tales", "The Children of Húrin", and in the epic poems of "The Lays of Beleriand".

text: In

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: fictional

text: legendarium

text: Beleriand

text: was

text: region

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Middle

text: earth

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: Age

text: Events

text: in

text: Beleriand

text: are

text: described

text: chiefly

text: in

text: his

text: work

text: The

text: Silmarillion

text: which

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: ages

text: of

text: Middle

text: earth

text: in

text: style

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: epic

text: hero

text: tales

text: of

text: Nordic

text: literature

text: Beleriand

text: also

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: works

text: The

text: Book

text: of

text: Lost

text: Tales

text: The

text: Children

text: of

text: Húrin

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: epic

text: poems

text: of

text: The

text: Lays

text: of

text: Beleriand

text:
Middle-earth is the setting of much of J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.
The term is equivalent to the term "Midgard" of Norse mythology, describing the human-inhabited world, i.e. the central continent of the Earth in Tolkien's imagined mythological past.
Tolkien's most widely read works, "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings", take place entirely in Middle-earth, and "Middle-earth" has also become a short-hand to refer to the legendarium or its "fictional universe".

text: Middle

text: earth

text: is

text: the

text: setting

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: legendarium

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: term

text: Midgard

text: of

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: describing

text: the

text: human

text: inhabited

text: world

text: i.e.

text: the

text: central

text: continent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: in

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: imagined

text: mythological

text: past

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: most

text: widely

text: read

text: works

text: The

text: Hobbit

text: and

text: The

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Rings

text: take

text: place

text: entirely

text: in

text: Middle

text: earth

text: and

text: Middle

text: earth

text: has

text: also

text: become

text: short

text: hand

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: legendarium

text: or

text: its

text: fictional

text: universe

text: John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, (3 January 1892  2 September 1973), known by his pen name J. R. R. Tolkien, was an English writer, poet, philologist, and university professor who is best known as the author of the classic high-fantasy works "The Hobbit", "The Lord of the Rings", and "The Silmarillion".

text: John

text: Ronald

text: Reuel

text: Tolkien

text: January

text: September

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: pen

text: name

text: Tolkien

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: writer

text: poet

text: philologist

text: and

text: university

text: professor

text: who

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: classic

text: high

text: fantasy

text: works

text: The

text: Hobbit

text: The

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Rings

text: and

text: The

text: Silmarillion

text: The War of the Jewels (1994) is the 11th volume of Christopher Tolkien's series "The History of Middle-earth", analysing the unpublished manuscripts of his father J. R. R. Tolkien.

text: The

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Jewels

text: is

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: Christopher

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: series

text: The

text: History

text: of

text: Middle

text: earth

text: analysing

text: the

text: unpublished

text: manuscripts

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Tolkien

text: The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is a children's fantasy novel by English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published on 21 September 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the "New York Herald Tribune" for best juvenile fiction. The book remains popular and is recognized as a classic in children's literature.

text: The

text: Hobbit

text: or

text: There

text: and

text: Back

text: Again

text: is

text: children

text: 's

text: fantasy

text: novel

text: by

text: English

text: author

text: Tolkien

text: It

text: was

text: published

text: on

text: September

text: to

text: wide

text: critical

text: acclaim

text: being

text: nominated

text: for

text: the

text: Carnegie

text: Medal

text: and

text: awarded

text: prize

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Herald

text: Tribune

text: for

text: best

text: juvenile

text: fiction

text: The

text: book

text: remains

text: popular

text: and

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: classic

text: in

text: children

text: 's

text: literature

text: Midgard (an anglicised form of Old Norse ; Old English , Swedish/Danish "Midgård", Old Saxon , Old High German , Gothic "Midjun-gards"; literally "middle yard") is the name for Earth (in the sense of oikoumene) inhabited by and known to humans in early Germanic cosmology, and specifically one of the Nine Worlds in Norse mythology.

text: Midgard

text: an

text: anglicised

text: form

text: of

text: Old

text: Norse

text: Old

text: English

text: Swedish

text: Danish

text: Midgård

text: Old

text: Saxon

text: Old

text: High

text: German

text: Gothic

text: Midjun

text: gards

text: literally

text: middle

text: yard

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: for

text: Earth

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: oikoumene

text: inhabited

text: by

text: and

text: known

text: to

text: humans

text: in

text: early

text: Germanic

text: cosmology

text: and

text: specifically

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Nine

text: Worlds

text: in

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: In J. R. R. Tolkien 's Middle - earth legendarium , Urwen , better known by her nickname Lalaith ( `` Laughter '' ) , was the second child of Húrin Thalion and Morwen Edhelwen and the sister of Túrin Turambar . She was born in spring of the Year of the Sun 466 of the First Age .

text: In

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: Middle

text: earth

text: legendarium

text: Urwen

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: her

text: nickname

text: Lalaith

text: Laughter

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: child

text: of

text: Húrin

text: Thalion

text: and

text: Morwen

text: Edhelwen

text: and

text: the

text: sister

text: of

text: Túrin

text: Turambar

text: She

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: spring

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Age

text: Norse mythology is the body of mythology of the North Germanic people stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia and into the Scandinavian folklore of the modern period. The northernmost extension of Germanic mythology, Norse mythology consists of tales of various deities, beings, and heroes derived from numerous sources from both before and after the pagan period, including medieval manuscripts, archaeological representations, and folk tradition.

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: mythology

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Germanic

text: people

text: stemming

text: from

text: Norse

text: paganism

text: and

text: continuing

text: after

text: the

text: Christianization

text: of

text: Scandinavia

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: folklore

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: northernmost

text: extension

text: of

text: Germanic

text: mythology

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: consists

text: of

text: tales

text: of

text: various

text: deities

text: beings

text: and

text: heroes

text: derived

text: from

text: numerous

text: sources

text: from

text: both

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: pagan

text: period

text: including

text: medieval

text: manuscripts

text: archaeological

text: representations

text: and

text: folk

text: tradition

text: The History of Middle-earth is a 12-volume series of books published between 1983 and 1996 that collect and analyse material relating to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien, compiled and edited by his son, Christopher Tolkien. The series shows the development over time of Tolkien's conception of Middle-earth as a fictional place with its own peoples, languages, and history, from his earliest notions of a "mythology for England" through to the development of the stories that make up "The Silmarillion" and "The Lord of the Rings". It is not a "history of Middle-earth" in the sense of being a chronicle of events in Middle-earth written from an in-universe perspective. In 200001, the twelve volumes were republished in three limited edition omnibus volumes. Non-deluxe editions of the three volumes were published in 2002.

text: The

text: History

text: of

text: Middle

text: earth

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: books

text: published

text: between

text: and

text: that

text: collect

text: and

text: analyse

text: material

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: fiction

text: of

text: Tolkien

text: compiled

text: and

text: edited

text: by

text: his

text: son

text: Christopher

text: Tolkien

text: The

text: series

text: shows

text: the

text: development

text: over

text: time

text: of

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: conception

text: of

text: Middle

text: earth

text: as

text: fictional

text: place

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: peoples

text: languages

text: and

text: history

text: from

text: his

text: earliest

text: notions

text: of

text: mythology

text: for

text: England

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: stories

text: that

text: make

text: up

text: The

text: Silmarillion

text: and

text: The

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Rings

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: history

text: of

text: Middle

text: earth

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: being

text: chronicle

text: of

text: events

text: in

text: Middle

text: earth

text: written

text: from

text: an

text: in

text: universe

text: perspective

text: In

text: the

text: twelve

text: volumes

text: were

text: republished

text: in

text: three

text: limited

text: edition

text: omnibus

text: volumes

text: Non

text: deluxe

text: editions

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: volumes

text: were

text: published

text: in

text: Túrin Turambar (pronounced ) is a fictional character in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium. ""Turambar and the Foalókë"", begun in 1917, is the first appearance of Túrin in the legendarium. J.R.R. Tolkien consciously based the story on the medieval tale of Kullervo in the Finnish mythological poem "Kalevala", saying that it was "an attempt to reorganize...the tale of Kullervo the hapless, into a form of my own". Also called ""The Tale of Grief"", ""Narn i Chîn Húrin"", commonly called "The Narn", it tells of the tragic fates of the children of Húrin, namely his son Túrin (Turambar) and his daughter Nienor. Excerpts of the story were published before, in "The Silmarillion" (prose), "Unfinished Tales" (prose), "The Book of Lost Tales" Part II (prose), "The Lays of Beleriand" (verse in alliterative long-lines) and most recently in 1994 in "The War of the Jewels" (prose), the latter three part of "The History of Middle-earth" series.

text: Túrin

text: Turambar

text: pronounced

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: in

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: legendarium

text: Turambar

text: and

text: the

text: Foalókë

text: begun

text: in

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: appearance

text: of

text: Túrin

text: in

text: the

text: legendarium

text: J.R.R.

text: Tolkien

text: consciously

text: based

text: the

text: story

text: on

text: the

text: medieval

text: tale

text: of

text: Kullervo

text: in

text: the

text: Finnish

text: mythological

text: poem

text: Kalevala

text: saying

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: reorganize

text: the

text: tale

text: of

text: Kullervo

text: the

text: hapless

text: into

text: form

text: of

text: my

text: own

text: Also

text: called

text: The

text: Tale

text: of

text: Grief

text: Narn

text: Chîn

text: Húrin

text: commonly

text: called

text: The

text: Narn

text: it

text: tells

text: of

text: the

text: tragic

text: fates

text: of

text: the

text: children

text: of

text: Húrin

text: namely

text: his

text: son

text: Túrin

text: Turambar

text: and

text: his

text: daughter

text: Nienor

text: Excerpts

text: of

text: the

text: story

text: were

text: published

text: before

text: in

text: The

text: Silmarillion

text: prose

text: Unfinished

text: Tales

text: prose

text: The

text: Book

text: of

text: Lost

text: Tales

text: Part

text: II

text: prose

text: The

text: Lays

text: of

text: Beleriand

text: verse

text: in

text: alliterative

text: long

text: lines

text: and

text: most

text: recently

text: in

text: in

text: The

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Jewels

text: prose

text: the

text: latter

text: three

text: part

text: of

text: The

text: History

text: of

text: Middle

text: earth

text: series

question: present_in_work lalaith

answer: the silmarillion

text: the silmarillion

text: the silmarillion

text: the silmarillion

text: the silmarillion

text: the silmarillion

text: the silmarillion