text: The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990, and remains in operation. Although not the first space telescope, Hubble is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well known as both a vital research tool and a public relations boon for astronomy. The HST is named after the astronomer Edwin Hubble, and is one of NASA's Great Observatories, along with the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, the Chandra X-ray Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope.

text: The

text: Hubble

text: Space

text: Telescope

text: HST

text: is

text: space

text: telescope

text: that

text: was

text: launched

text: into

text: low

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: in

text: and

text: remains

text: in

text: operation

text: Although

text: not

text: the

text: first

text: space

text: telescope

text: Hubble

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: versatile

text: and

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: as

text: both

text: vital

text: research

text: tool

text: and

text: public

text: relations

text: boon

text: for

text: astronomy

text: The

text: HST

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: astronomer

text: Edwin

text: Hubble

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: NASA

text: 's

text: Great

text: Observatories

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Compton

text: Gamma

text: Ray

text: Observatory

text: the

text: Chandra

text: ray

text: Observatory

text: and

text: the

text: Spitzer

text: Space

text: Telescope

text: The Space Shuttle program, officially called the Space Transportation System (STS), was the United States government's manned launch vehicle program from 1981 to 2011, administered by NASA and officially beginning in 1972. The Space Shuttle systemcomposed of an orbiter launched with two reusable solid rocket boosters and a disposable external fuel tank carried up to eight astronauts and up to of payload into low Earth orbit (LEO). When its mission was complete, the orbiter would re-enter the Earth's atmosphere and land like a glider at either the Kennedy Space Center or Edwards Air Force Base.

text: The

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: program

text: officially

text: called

text: the

text: Space

text: Transportation

text: System

text: STS

text: was

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: 's

text: manned

text: launch

text: vehicle

text: program

text: from

text: to

text: administered

text: by

text: NASA

text: and

text: officially

text: beginning

text: in

text: The

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: systemcomposed

text: of

text: an

text: orbiter

text: launched

text: with

text: two

text: reusable

text: solid

text: rocket

text: boosters

text: and

text: disposable

text: external

text: fuel

text: tank

text: carried

text: up

text: to

text: eight

text: astronauts

text: and

text: up

text: to

text: of

text: payload

text: into

text: low

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: LEO

text: When

text: its

text: mission

text: was

text: complete

text: the

text: orbiter

text: would

text: re

text: enter

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: and

text: land

text: like

text: glider

text: at

text: either

text: the

text: Kennedy

text: Space

text: Center

text: or

text: Edwards

text: Air

text: Force

text: Base

text: The Space Transportation System (STS), also known internally to NASA as the Integrated Program Plan (IPP), was a proposed system of reusable manned space vehicles envisioned in 1969 to support extended operations beyond the Apollo program. (NASA appropriated the name for its Space Shuttle Program, the only component of the proposal to survive Congressional funding approval.) The purpose of the system was twofold: to reduce the cost of spaceflight by replacing the current method of launching capsules on expendable rockets with reusable spacecraft; and to support ambitious follow-on programs including permanent orbiting space stations around the Earth and Moon, and a human landing mission to Mars.

text: The

text: Space

text: Transportation

text: System

text: STS

text: also

text: known

text: internally

text: to

text: NASA

text: as

text: the

text: Integrated

text: Program

text: Plan

text: IPP

text: was

text: proposed

text: system

text: of

text: reusable

text: manned

text: space

text: vehicles

text: envisioned

text: in

text: to

text: support

text: extended

text: operations

text: beyond

text: the

text: Apollo

text: program

text: NASA

text: appropriated

text: the

text: name

text: for

text: its

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: Program

text: the

text: only

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: proposal

text: to

text: survive

text: Congressional

text: funding

text: approval

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: was

text: twofold

text: to

text: reduce

text: the

text: cost

text: of

text: spaceflight

text: by

text: replacing

text: the

text: current

text: method

text: of

text: launching

text: capsules

text: on

text: expendable

text: rockets

text: with

text: reusable

text: spacecraft

text: and

text: to

text: support

text: ambitious

text: follow

text: on

text: programs

text: including

text: permanent

text: orbiting

text: space

text: stations

text: around

text: the

text: Earth

text: and

text: Moon

text: and

text: human

text: landing

text: mission

text: to

text: Mars

text: STS - 55 ( Space Transportation System 55 ) , or D - 2 was the 55th overall flight of the US Space Shuttle and the 14th flight of Shuttle Columbia . This flight was a multinational Spacelab flight involving 88 experiments from eleven different nations . The experiments ranged from biology sciences to simple earth observations .

text: STS

text: Space

text: Transportation

text: System

text: or

text: was

text: the

text: overall

text: flight

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: and

text: the

text: flight

text: of

text: Shuttle

text: Columbia

text: This

text: flight

text: was

text: multinational

text: Spacelab

text: flight

text: involving

text: experiments

text: from

text: eleven

text: different

text: nations

text: The

text: experiments

text: ranged

text: from

text: biology

text: sciences

text: to

text: simple

text: earth

text: observations

text: Spacelab was a reusable laboratory used on certain spaceflights flown by the Space Shuttle. The laboratory comprised multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware housed in the Shuttle's cargo bay. The components were arranged in various configurations to meet the needs of each spaceflight.

text: Spacelab

text: was

text: reusable

text: laboratory

text: used

text: on

text: certain

text: spaceflights

text: flown

text: by

text: the

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: The

text: laboratory

text: comprised

text: multiple

text: components

text: including

text: pressurized

text: module

text: an

text: unpressurized

text: carrier

text: and

text: other

text: related

text: hardware

text: housed

text: in

text: the

text: Shuttle

text: 's

text: cargo

text: bay

text: The

text: components

text: were

text: arranged

text: in

text: various

text: configurations

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: each

text: spaceflight

text: The John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is one of ten National Aeronautics and Space Administration field centers. Since December 1968, Kennedy Space Center has been NASA's primary launch center of human spaceflight. Launch operations for the Apollo, Skylab and Space Shuttle programs were carried out from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39 and managed by KSC. Located on the east coast of Florida, KSC is adjacent to Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS). The management of the two entities work very closely together, share resources, and even own facilities on each other's property.

text: The

text: John

text: Kennedy

text: Space

text: Center

text: KSC

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: ten

text: National

text: Aeronautics

text: and

text: Space

text: Administration

text: field

text: centers

text: Since

text: December

text: Kennedy

text: Space

text: Center

text: has

text: been

text: NASA

text: 's

text: primary

text: launch

text: center

text: of

text: human

text: spaceflight

text: Launch

text: operations

text: for

text: the

text: Apollo

text: Skylab

text: and

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: programs

text: were

text: carried

text: out

text: from

text: Kennedy

text: Space

text: Center

text: Launch

text: Complex

text: and

text: managed

text: by

text: KSC

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: Florida

text: KSC

text: is

text: adjacent

text: to

text: Cape

text: Canaveral

text: Air

text: Force

text: Station

text: CCAFS

text: The

text: management

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: entities

text: work

text: very

text: closely

text: together

text: share

text: resources

text: and

text: even

text: own

text: facilities

text: on

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: property

text: Space is the boundless three-dimensional extent in which objects and events have relative position and direction. Physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. The concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe. However, disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.

text: Space

text: is

text: the

text: boundless

text: three

text: dimensional

text: extent

text: in

text: which

text: objects

text: and

text: events

text: have

text: relative

text: position

text: and

text: direction

text: Physical

text: space

text: is

text: often

text: conceived

text: in

text: three

text: linear

text: dimensions

text: although

text: modern

text: physicists

text: usually

text: consider

text: it

text: with

text: time

text: to

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: boundless

text: four

text: dimensional

text: continuum

text: known

text: as

text: spacetime

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: space

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: fundamental

text: importance

text: to

text: an

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: physical

text: universe

text: However

text: disagreement

text: continues

text: between

text: philosophers

text: over

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: itself

text: an

text: entity

text: relationship

text: between

text: entities

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: conceptual

text: framework

text: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA ) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.

text: The

text: National

text: Aeronautics

text: and

text: Space

text: Administration

text: NASA

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: agency

text: of

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: federal

text: government

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: civilian

text: space

text: program

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: aeronautics

text: and

text: aerospace

text: research

text: A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with an altitude between (orbital period of about 88 minutes), and (about 127 minutes). Objects below approximately will experience very rapid orbital decay and altitude loss.

text: low

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: LEO

text: is

text: an

text: orbit

text: around

text: Earth

text: with

text: an

text: altitude

text: between

text: orbital

text: period

text: of

text: about

text: minutes

text: and

text: about

text: minutes

text: Objects

text: below

text: approximately

text: will

text: experience

text: very

text: rapid

text: orbital

text: decay

text: and

text: altitude

text: loss

text: A spacecraft is a vehicle, or machine designed to fly in outer space. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space colonization, planetary exploration, and transportation of humans and cargo.

text: spacecraft

text: is

text: vehicle

text: or

text: machine

text: designed

text: to

text: fly

text: in

text: outer

text: space

text: Spacecraft

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: variety

text: of

text: purposes

text: including

text: communications

text: earth

text: observation

text: meteorology

text: navigation

text: space

text: colonization

text: planetary

text: exploration

text: and

text: transportation

text: of

text: humans

text: and

text: cargo

text: The Space Shuttle was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program. Its official program name was "Space Transportation System (STS)", taken from a 1969 plan for a system of reusable spacecraft of which it was the only item funded for development. The first of four orbital test flights occurred in 1981, leading to operational flights beginning in 1982. Five complete Shuttle systems were built and used on a total of 135 missions from 1981 to 2011, launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida. Operational missions launched numerous satellites, interplanetary probes, and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); conducted science experiments in orbit; and participated in construction and servicing of the International Space Station. The Shuttle fleet's total mission time was 1322 days, 19 hours, 21 minutes and 23 seconds.

text: The

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: was

text: partially

text: reusable

text: low

text: Earth

text: orbital

text: spacecraft

text: system

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: National

text: Aeronautics

text: and

text: Space

text: Administration

text: NASA

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: program

text: Its

text: official

text: program

text: name

text: was

text: Space

text: Transportation

text: System

text: STS

text: taken

text: from

text: plan

text: for

text: system

text: of

text: reusable

text: spacecraft

text: of

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: item

text: funded

text: for

text: development

text: The

text: first

text: of

text: four

text: orbital

text: test

text: flights

text: occurred

text: in

text: leading

text: to

text: operational

text: flights

text: beginning

text: in

text: Five

text: complete

text: Shuttle

text: systems

text: were

text: built

text: and

text: used

text: on

text: total

text: of

text: missions

text: from

text: to

text: launched

text: from

text: the

text: Kennedy

text: Space

text: Center

text: KSC

text: in

text: Florida

text: Operational

text: missions

text: launched

text: numerous

text: satellites

text: interplanetary

text: probes

text: and

text: the

text: Hubble

text: Space

text: Telescope

text: HST

text: conducted

text: science

text: experiments

text: in

text: orbit

text: and

text: participated

text: in

text: construction

text: and

text: servicing

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Space

text: Station

text: The

text: Shuttle

text: fleet

text: 's

text: total

text: mission

text: time

text: was

text: days

text: hours

text: minutes

text: and

text: seconds

text: The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. Its first component launched into orbit in 1998, and the ISS is now the largest artificial body in orbit and can often be seen with the naked eye from Earth. The ISS consists of pressurised modules, external trusses, solar arrays, and other components. ISS components have been launched by Russian Proton and Soyuz rockets, and American Space Shuttles.

text: The

text: International

text: Space

text: Station

text: ISS

text: is

text: space

text: station

text: or

text: habitable

text: artificial

text: satellite

text: in

text: low

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: Its

text: first

text: component

text: launched

text: into

text: orbit

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: ISS

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: largest

text: artificial

text: body

text: in

text: orbit

text: and

text: can

text: often

text: be

text: seen

text: with

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: from

text: Earth

text: The

text: ISS

text: consists

text: of

text: pressurised

text: modules

text: external

text: trusses

text: solar

text: arrays

text: and

text: other

text: components

text: ISS

text: components

text: have

text: been

text: launched

text: by

text: Russian

text: Proton

text: and

text: Soyuz

text: rockets

text: and

text: American

text: Space

text: Shuttles

text: Spaceflight (also written space flight) is ballistic flight into or through outer space. Spaceflight can occur with spacecraft with or without humans on board. Examples of human spaceflight include the U.S. Apollo Moon landing and Space Shuttle programs and the Russian Soyuz program, as well as the ongoing International Space Station. Examples of unmanned spaceflight include space probes that leave Earth orbit, as well as satellites in orbit around Earth, such as communications satellites. These operate either by telerobotic control or are fully autonomous.

text: Spaceflight

text: also

text: written

text: space

text: flight

text: is

text: ballistic

text: flight

text: into

text: or

text: through

text: outer

text: space

text: Spaceflight

text: can

text: occur

text: with

text: spacecraft

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: humans

text: on

text: board

text: Examples

text: of

text: human

text: spaceflight

text: include

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Apollo

text: Moon

text: landing

text: and

text: Space

text: Shuttle

text: programs

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Soyuz

text: program

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: ongoing

text: International

text: Space

text: Station

text: Examples

text: of

text: unmanned

text: spaceflight

text: include

text: space

text: probes

text: that

text: leave

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: satellites

text: in

text: orbit

text: around

text: Earth

text: such

text: as

text: communications

text: satellites

text: These

text: operate

text: either

text: by

text: telerobotic

text: control

text: or

text: are

text: fully

text: autonomous

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of sts-55

answer: human spaceflight

text: human spaceflight

text: human spaceflight


text: A pianist is an individual musician who plays the piano. Most forms of Western music can make use of the piano. Consequently, pianists have a wide variety of repertoire and styles to choose from, including traditionally classical music, Jazz, blues and all sorts of popular music, including rock music. Most pianists can, to a certain extent, play other keyboard-related instruments such as the synthesizer, harpsichord, celesta and the organ and keyboard. Perhaps the greatest pianist of all time was Franz Liszt, whose piano mastery was described by Anton Rubinstein: "In comparison with Liszt, all other pianists are children".

text: pianist

text: is

text: an

text: individual

text: musician

text: who

text: plays

text: the

text: piano

text: Most

text: forms

text: of

text: Western

text: music

text: can

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: piano

text: Consequently

text: pianists

text: have

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: repertoire

text: and

text: styles

text: to

text: choose

text: from

text: including

text: traditionally

text: classical

text: music

text: Jazz

text: blues

text: and

text: all

text: sorts

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: including

text: rock

text: music

text: Most

text: pianists

text: can

text: to

text: certain

text: extent

text: play

text: other

text: keyboard

text: related

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: synthesizer

text: harpsichord

text: celesta

text: and

text: the

text: organ

text: and

text: keyboard

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: greatest

text: pianist

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: was

text: Franz

text: Liszt

text: whose

text: piano

text: mastery

text: was

text: described

text: by

text: Anton

text: Rubinstein

text: In

text: comparison

text: with

text: Liszt

text: all

text: other

text: pianists

text: are

text: children

text: Rhodesia, commonly known from 1970 onwards as the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territorial terms to modern Zimbabwe. With its capital in Salisbury (now Harare), Rhodesia was considered a "de facto" successor state to the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia (which had achieved responsible government in 1923).

text: Rhodesia

text: commonly

text: known

text: from

text: onwards

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Rhodesia

text: was

text: an

text: unrecognised

text: state

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: from

text: to

text: equivalent

text: in

text: territorial

text: terms

text: to

text: modern

text: Zimbabwe

text: With

text: its

text: capital

text: in

text: Salisbury

text: now

text: Harare

text: Rhodesia

text: was

text: considered

text: de

text: facto

text: successor

text: state

text: to

text: the

text: former

text: British

text: colony

text: of

text: Southern

text: Rhodesia

text: which

text: had

text: achieved

text: responsible

text: government

text: in

text: Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west and southwest, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique to the east and northeast. Although it does not border Namibia, less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly 13 million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used.

text: Zimbabwe

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Zimbabwe

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: between

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: and

text: Limpopo

text: Rivers

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Botswana

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: Zambia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Mozambique

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: Although

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Namibia

text: less

text: than

text: metres

text: of

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: River

text: separates

text: it

text: from

text: that

text: country

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Harare

text: country

text: of

text: roughly

text: million

text: people

text: Zimbabwe

text: has

text: official

text: languages

text: with

text: English

text: Shona

text: and

text: Ndebele

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: The negotiations which led to the Lancaster House Agreement brought recognised independence to Rhodesia (as the Republic of Zimbabwe) following Ian Smith's Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965. The Agreement covered the Independence Constitution, pre-independence arrangements, and a ceasefire. The parties represented during the conference were: the British Government, the Patriotic Front led by Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo, ZAPU (Zimbabwe African Peoples Union) and ZANU (Zimbabwe African National Union) and the Zimbabwe Rhodesia government, represented by Bishop Abel Muzorewa and Ian Smith. It was signed on 21 December 1979.

text: The

text: negotiations

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: Lancaster

text: House

text: Agreement

text: brought

text: recognised

text: independence

text: to

text: Rhodesia

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Zimbabwe

text: following

text: Ian

text: Smith

text: 's

text: Unilateral

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: in

text: The

text: Agreement

text: covered

text: the

text: Independence

text: Constitution

text: pre

text: independence

text: arrangements

text: and

text: ceasefire

text: The

text: parties

text: represented

text: during

text: the

text: conference

text: were

text: the

text: British

text: Government

text: the

text: Patriotic

text: Front

text: led

text: by

text: Robert

text: Mugabe

text: and

text: Joshua

text: Nkomo

text: ZAPU

text: Zimbabwe

text: African

text: Peoples

text: Union

text: and

text: ZANU

text: Zimbabwe

text: African

text: National

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: Zimbabwe

text: Rhodesia

text: government

text: represented

text: by

text: Bishop

text: Abel

text: Muzorewa

text: and

text: Ian

text: Smith

text: It

text: was

text: signed

text: on

text: December

text: Gary Burton (born January 23, 1943) is an American jazz vibraphonist, composer and jazz educator. Burton developed a pianistic style of four-mallet technique as an alternative to the prevailing two-mallet technique. This approach caused him to be heralded as an innovator and his sound and technique are widely imitated. He is also known for pioneering fusion jazz and popularizing the duet format in jazz, as well as being a major figure in music education from his 30 years at the Berklee College of Music.

text: Gary

text: Burton

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: vibraphonist

text: composer

text: and

text: jazz

text: educator

text: Burton

text: developed

text: pianistic

text: style

text: of

text: four

text: mallet

text: technique

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: the

text: prevailing

text: two

text: mallet

text: technique

text: This

text: approach

text: caused

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: heralded

text: as

text: an

text: innovator

text: and

text: his

text: sound

text: and

text: technique

text: are

text: widely

text: imitated

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: pioneering

text: fusion

text: jazz

text: and

text: popularizing

text: the

text: duet

text: format

text: in

text: jazz

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: being

text: major

text: figure

text: in

text: music

text: education

text: from

text: his

text: years

text: at

text: the

text: Berklee

text: College

text: of

text: Music

text:
Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics, and including several countries.
The term "southern Africa" or "Southern Africa", generally includes Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power.

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: variably

text: defined

text: by

text: geography

text: or

text: geopolitics

text: and

text: including

text: several

text: countries

text: The

text: term

text: southern

text: Africa

text: or

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: generally

text: includes

text: Angola

text: Botswana

text: Lesotho

text: Malawi

text: Mozambique

text: Namibia

text: South

text: Africa

text: Swaziland

text: Zambia

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: From

text: political

text: perspective

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: unipolar

text: with

text: South

text: Africa

text: as

text: first

text: regional

text: power

text: Orchestral jazz is a jazz genre that developed in New York City in the 1920s. Early innovators of the genre, such as Fletcher Henderson and Duke Ellington, include some of the most highly regarded musicians, composers, and arrangers in all of jazz history. The fusion of jazz's rhythmic and instrumental characteristics with the scale and structure of an orchestra, made orchestral jazz distinct from the musical genres that preceded its emergence. Its development contributed both to the popularization of jazz, as well as the critical legitimization of jazz as an art form.

text: Orchestral

text: jazz

text: is

text: jazz

text: genre

text: that

text: developed

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: in

text: the

text: Early

text: innovators

text: of

text: the

text: genre

text: such

text: as

text: Fletcher

text: Henderson

text: and

text: Duke

text: Ellington

text: include

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: highly

text: regarded

text: musicians

text: composers

text: and

text: arrangers

text: in

text: all

text: of

text: jazz

text: history

text: The

text: fusion

text: of

text: jazz

text: 's

text: rhythmic

text: and

text: instrumental

text: characteristics

text: with

text: the

text: scale

text: and

text: structure

text: of

text: an

text: orchestra

text: made

text: orchestral

text: jazz

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: musical

text: genres

text: that

text: preceded

text: its

text: emergence

text: Its

text: development

text: contributed

text: both

text: to

text: the

text: popularization

text: of

text: jazz

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: critical

text: legitimization

text: of

text: jazz

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: A Crown colony, also known in the 17th century as royal colony and since 2002 known as British Overseas Territories, was a type of colonial administration of the overseas territories of the British Empire.

text: Crown

text: colony

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: royal

text: colony

text: and

text: since

text: known

text: as

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territories

text: was

text: type

text: of

text: colonial

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: overseas

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: James Fletcher Hamilton Henderson, Jr. (December 18, 1897  December 29, 1952) was an American pianist, bandleader, arranger and composer, important in the development of big band jazz and swing music. He was one of the most prolific black musical arrangers and, along with Duke Ellington, is considered one of the most influential arrangers and bandleaders in jazz history. Henderson's influence was vast. He helped bridge the gap between the Dixieland and the swing eras. He was often known as Smack Henderson (apparently because of his skill as a batter playing baseball in college).

text: James

text: Fletcher

text: Hamilton

text: Henderson

text: Jr.

text: December

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: pianist

text: bandleader

text: arranger

text: and

text: composer

text: important

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: big

text: band

text: jazz

text: and

text: swing

text: music

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: prolific

text: black

text: musical

text: arrangers

text: and

text: along

text: with

text: Duke

text: Ellington

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: arrangers

text: and

text: bandleaders

text: in

text: jazz

text: history

text: Henderson

text: 's

text: influence

text: was

text: vast

text: He

text: helped

text: bridge

text: the

text: gap

text: between

text: the

text: Dixieland

text: and

text: the

text: swing

text: eras

text: He

text: was

text: often

text: known

text: as

text: Smack

text: Henderson

text: apparently

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: skill

text: as

text: batter

text: playing

text: baseball

text: in

text: college

text: Zimbabwe Rhodesia was an unrecognised state that existed from 1 June 1979 to 12 December 1979. Zimbabwe Rhodesia was preceded by an unrecognized republic named Rhodesia and was briefly followed by the re-established British colony of Southern Rhodesia, which according to British constitutional theory had remained the proper government after Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965. About three months later, the re-established colony of Southern Rhodesia was granted internationally recognised independence as the Republic of Zimbabwe.

text: Zimbabwe

text: Rhodesia

text: was

text: an

text: unrecognised

text: state

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: December

text: Zimbabwe

text: Rhodesia

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: an

text: unrecognized

text: republic

text: named

text: Rhodesia

text: and

text: was

text: briefly

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: re

text: established

text: British

text: colony

text: of

text: Southern

text: Rhodesia

text: which

text: according

text: to

text: British

text: constitutional

text: theory

text: had

text: remained

text: the

text: proper

text: government

text: after

text: Unilateral

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: UDI

text: in

text: About

text: three

text: months

text: later

text: the

text: re

text: established

text: colony

text: of

text: Southern

text: Rhodesia

text: was

text: granted

text: internationally

text: recognised

text: independence

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Zimbabwe

text: Berklee College of Music, located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States, is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. Known for the study of jazz and modern American music, it also offers college-level courses in a wide range of contemporary and historic styles, including rock, flamenco, hip hop, reggae, salsa, and bluegrass. , Berklee alumni have been awarded a total of 266 Grammy Awards. Since 2012, Berklee College of Music has also operated a campus in Valencia, Spain.

text: Berklee

text: College

text: of

text: Music

text: located

text: in

text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: independent

text: college

text: of

text: contemporary

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Known

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: jazz

text: and

text: modern

text: American

text: music

text: it

text: also

text: offers

text: college

text: level

text: courses

text: in

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: contemporary

text: and

text: historic

text: styles

text: including

text: rock

text: flamenco

text: hip

text: hop

text: reggae

text: salsa

text: and

text: bluegrass

text: Berklee

text: alumni

text: have

text: been

text: awarded

text: total

text: of

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: Since

text: Berklee

text: College

text: of

text: Music

text: has

text: also

text: operated

text: campus

text: in

text: Valencia

text: Spain

text: A unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) is a formal process leading to the establishment of a new state by a subnational entity which declares itself independent and sovereign without a formal agreement with the national state from which it is seceding. The term was first used when Rhodesia declared independence in 1965 from the United Kingdom (UK) without an agreement with the UK.

text: unilateral

text: declaration

text: of

text: independence

text: UDI

text: is

text: formal

text: process

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: new

text: state

text: by

text: subnational

text: entity

text: which

text: declares

text: itself

text: independent

text: and

text: sovereign

text: without

text: formal

text: agreement

text: with

text: the

text: national

text: state

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: seceding

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: when

text: Rhodesia

text: declared

text: independence

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: without

text: an

text: agreement

text: with

text: the

text: UK

text: Michael Clement Irving Gibbs ( born September 25 , 1937 , in Salisbury , Southern Rhodesia ) is a jazz composer , conductor , arranger and producer as well as a trombonist and keyboardist . He is known for collaborations with vibraphonist Gary Burton , his student , and for his use of rock elements in orchestral jazz .

text: Michael

text: Clement

text: Irving

text: Gibbs

text: born

text: September

text: in

text: Salisbury

text: Southern

text: Rhodesia

text: is

text: jazz

text: composer

text: conductor

text: arranger

text: and

text: producer

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: trombonist

text: and

text: keyboardist

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: collaborations

text: with

text: vibraphonist

text: Gary

text: Burton

text: his

text: student

text: and

text: for

text: his

text: use

text: of

text: rock

text: elements

text: in

text: orchestral

text: jazz

text: Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29, 1899  May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and bandleader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death in a career spanning over fifty years.

text: Edward

text: Kennedy

text: Duke

text: Ellington

text: April

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: composer

text: pianist

text: and

text: bandleader

text: of

text: jazz

text: orchestra

text: which

text: he

text: led

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: career

text: spanning

text: over

text: fifty

text: years

text: Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms".

text: Jazz

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: amongst

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: Since

text: the

text: jazz

text: age

text: jazz

text: has

text: become

text: recognized

text: as

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: musical

text: expression

text: It

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: independent

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: musical

text: styles

text: all

text: linked

text: by

text: the

text: common

text: bonds

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: European

text: American

text: musical

text: parentage

text: with

text: performance

text: orientation

text: Jazz

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: swing

text: and

text: blue

text: notes

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: vocals

text: polyrhythms

text: and

text: improvisation

text: Jazz

text: has

text: roots

text: in

text: West

text: African

text: cultural

text: and

text: musical

text: expression

text: and

text: in

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: traditions

text: including

text: blues

text: and

text: ragtime

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: European

text: military

text: band

text: music

text: Although

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: jazz

text: is

text: deeply

text: rooted

text: within

text: the

text: Black

text: experience

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: different

text: cultures

text: have

text: contributed

text: their

text: own

text: experience

text: and

text: styles

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: form

text: as

text: well

text: Intellectuals

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: have

text: hailed

text: jazz

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: original

text: art

text: forms

text: The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: often

text: called

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: or

text: simply

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomerations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: global

text: power

text: city

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exerts

text: significant

text: impact

text: upon

text: commerce

text: finance

text: media

text: art

text: fashion

text: research

text: technology

text: education

text: and

text: entertainment

text: its

text: fast

text: pace

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: New

text: York

text: minute

text: Home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: international

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: financial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The Colony of Southern Rhodesia was a self-governing British Crown colony in southern Africa from 1923 to 1980, equivalent in territorial terms to modern Zimbabwe. Following its Unilateral Declaration of Independence in 1965 it existed as the self-declared, unrecognised state of Rhodesia until 1979, when it reconstituted itself under indigenous African rule as Zimbabwe Rhodesia, which also failed to win overseas recognition. After a period of interim British control following the Lancaster House Agreement in December 1979, the country achieved internationally recognised independence as Zimbabwe in April 1980.

text: The

text: Colony

text: of

text: Southern

text: Rhodesia

text: was

text: self

text: governing

text: British

text: Crown

text: colony

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: from

text: to

text: equivalent

text: in

text: territorial

text: terms

text: to

text: modern

text: Zimbabwe

text: Following

text: its

text: Unilateral

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: in

text: it

text: existed

text: as

text: the

text: self

text: declared

text: unrecognised

text: state

text: of

text: Rhodesia

text: until

text: when

text: it

text: reconstituted

text: itself

text: under

text: indigenous

text: African

text: rule

text: as

text: Zimbabwe

text: Rhodesia

text: which

text: also

text: failed

text: to

text: win

text: overseas

text: recognition

text: After

text: period

text: of

text: interim

text: British

text: control

text: following

text: the

text: Lancaster

text: House

text: Agreement

text: in

text: December

text: the

text: country

text: achieved

text: internationally

text: recognised

text: independence

text: as

text: Zimbabwe

text: in

text: April

question: place_of_birth michael gibbs

answer: harare

text: harare

text: harare


text: Financial Center is a high-rise building located in the downtown area of Des Moines, Iowa. Completed in 1973 and standing at 345 ft (105m), it was the tallest building in the city and state until the completion of the Ruan Center in 1975, and is currently the fourth tallest.

text: Financial

text: Center

text: is

text: high

text: rise

text: building

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: downtown

text: area

text: of

text: Des

text: Moines

text: Iowa

text: Completed

text: in

text: and

text: standing

text: at

text: ft

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: tallest

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: state

text: until

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: Ruan

text: Center

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: fourth

text: tallest

text: Bengal (bgl; Bengali: ,  and ) is a region in Asia which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal. Geographically, it is made up by the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta system, the largest such formation in the world; along with mountains in its north (bordering the Himalayan states) and east (bordering Northeast India and Burma).

text: Bengal

text: bgl

text: Bengali

text: and

text: is

text: region

text: in

text: Asia

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: at

text: the

text: apex

text: of

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: Geographically

text: it

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: Ganges

text: Brahmaputra

text: delta

text: system

text: the

text: largest

text: such

text: formation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: along

text: with

text: mountains

text: in

text: its

text: north

text: bordering

text: the

text: Himalayan

text: states

text: and

text: east

text: bordering

text: Northeast

text: India

text: and

text: Burma

text: Assam (; "Ôxôm" ; "Asam"; "Âshám" ) is a state in northeastern India. Located south of the eastern Himalayas, Assam comprises the Brahmaputra Valley and the Barak Valley along with the Karbi Anglong and Dima Hasao districts with an area of . Assam, along with Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Meghalaya, is one of the "Seven Sister States". Geographically, Assam and these states are connected to the rest of India via a strip of land in West Bengal called the Siliguri Corridor or "Chicken's Neck". Assam shares an international border with Bhutan and Bangladesh; and its culture, people and climate are similar to those of South-East Asia  comprising the elements in Indias Look East policy.

text: Assam

text: Ôxôm

text: Asam

text: Âshám

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: northeastern

text: India

text: Located

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Himalayas

text: Assam

text: comprises

text: the

text: Brahmaputra

text: Valley

text: and

text: the

text: Barak

text: Valley

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Karbi

text: Anglong

text: and

text: Dima

text: Hasao

text: districts

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Assam

text: along

text: with

text: Arunachal

text: Pradesh

text: Nagaland

text: Manipur

text: Mizoram

text: Tripura

text: and

text: Meghalaya

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Sister

text: States

text: Geographically

text: Assam

text: and

text: these

text: states

text: are

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: India

text: via

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: in

text: West

text: Bengal

text: called

text: the

text: Siliguri

text: Corridor

text: or

text: Chicken

text: 's

text: Neck

text: Assam

text: shares

text: an

text: international

text: border

text: with

text: Bhutan

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: and

text: its

text: culture

text: people

text: and

text: climate

text: are

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: South

text: East

text: Asia

text: comprising

text: the

text: elements

text: in

text: Indias

text: Look

text: East

text: policy

text: Sikkim is a northeastern state of India. It borders China in its north and east, Bhutan in its east, Nepal in its west and the Indian state of West Bengal in its south. Sikkim is also located close to the Siliguri Corridor near Bangladesh. Sikkim is the least populous and second smallest among the Indian states. A part of the Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim is notable for its biodiversity, including alpine and subtropical climates, as well as being a host to Kanchenjunga, the highest peak in India and third highest on Earth. Sikkim's capital and largest city is Gangtok. Almost 25% of the state is covered by the Khangchendzonga National Park.

text: Sikkim

text: is

text: northeastern

text: state

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: borders

text: China

text: in

text: its

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Bhutan

text: in

text: its

text: east

text: Nepal

text: in

text: its

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: West

text: Bengal

text: in

text: its

text: south

text: Sikkim

text: is

text: also

text: located

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Siliguri

text: Corridor

text: near

text: Bangladesh

text: Sikkim

text: is

text: the

text: least

text: populous

text: and

text: second

text: smallest

text: among

text: the

text: Indian

text: states

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Himalaya

text: Sikkim

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: its

text: biodiversity

text: including

text: alpine

text: and

text: subtropical

text: climates

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: being

text: host

text: to

text: Kanchenjunga

text: the

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: third

text: highest

text: on

text: Earth

text: Sikkim

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Gangtok

text: Almost

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: Khangchendzonga

text: National

text: Park

text: South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

text: South

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southern

text: Asia

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: which

text: comprises

text: the

text: sub

text: Himalayan

text: SAARC

text: countries

text: and

text: for

text: some

text: authorities

text: adjoining

text: countries

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: east

text: Topographically

text: it

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Plate

text: which

text: rises

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: as

text: Nepal

text: and

text: northern

text: parts

text: of

text: India

text: situated

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: and

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: South

text: Asia

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: and

text: on

text: land

text: clockwise

text: from

text: west

text: by

text: West

text: Asia

text: Central

text: Asia

text: East

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: The Maldives (, or ), officially the Republic of Maldives (""), is a South Asian island country, located in the Indian Ocean. It lies southwest of India and Sri Lanka. The chain of twenty-six atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to the Addu City in the south. Comprising a territory spanning roughly , the Maldives is one of the world's most geographically dispersed countries, as well as the smallest Asian country by both land area and population, with a little over 393,500 inhabitants. Malé is the capital and most populated city, traditionally called the "King's Island" for its central location.

text: The

text: Maldives

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Maldives

text: is

text: South

text: Asian

text: island

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: It

text: lies

text: southwest

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: The

text: chain

text: of

text: twenty

text: six

text: atolls

text: stretches

text: from

text: Ihavandhippolhu

text: Atoll

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: Addu

text: City

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Comprising

text: territory

text: spanning

text: roughly

text: the

text: Maldives

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: geographically

text: dispersed

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: smallest

text: Asian

text: country

text: by

text: both

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: with

text: little

text: over

text: inhabitants

text: Malé

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: city

text: traditionally

text: called

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: Island

text: for

text: its

text: central

text: location

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets.

text: Latin

text: Latin

text: is

text: classical

text: language

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Italic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: The

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: and

text: Greek

text: alphabets

text: Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia. It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area. Bordering China in the north and India in the south, east, and west, it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state. Nepal does not border Bangladesh, which is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip. It neither borders Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest city. It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language.

text: Nepal

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nepal

text: is

text: landlocked

text: central

text: Himalayan

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: Bordering

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: Himalayan

text: state

text: Nepal

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Bangladesh

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: within

text: only

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: its

text: southeastern

text: tip

text: It

text: neither

text: borders

text: Bhutan

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Sikkim

text: being

text: located

text: in

text: between

text: Nepal

text: has

text: diverse

text: geography

text: including

text: fertile

text: plains

text: subalpine

text: forested

text: hills

text: and

text: eight

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: ten

text: tallest

text: mountains

text: including

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: on

text: Earth

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: It

text: is

text: multiethnic

text: nation

text: with

text: Nepali

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 48 such countries, including four partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World).

text: landlocked

text: state

text: or

text: landlocked

text: country

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: entirely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: or

text: whose

text: only

text: coastlines

text: lie

text: on

text: closed

text: seas

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: such

text: countries

text: including

text: four

text: partially

text: recognised

text: states

text: Only

text: two

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Paraguay

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: Dorji Dema ( born October 16 , 1983 ) is an athlete from Bhutan who competes in archery . At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing Dema finished her ranking round with a total of 567 points . This gave her the 61st seed for the final competition bracket in which she faced Khatuna Narimanidze in the first round . The archer from Georgia was too strong and won the confrontation with 107 - 97 , eliminating Dema straight away .

text: Dorji

text: Dema

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: athlete

text: from

text: Bhutan

text: who

text: competes

text: in

text: archery

text: At

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: in

text: Beijing

text: Dema

text: finished

text: her

text: ranking

text: round

text: with

text: total

text: of

text: points

text: This

text: gave

text: her

text: the

text: seed

text: for

text: the

text: final

text: competition

text: bracket

text: in

text: which

text: she

text: faced

text: Khatuna

text: Narimanidze

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: round

text: The

text: archer

text: from

text: Georgia

text: was

text: too

text: strong

text: and

text: won

text: the

text: confrontation

text: with

text: eliminating

text: Dema

text: straight

text: away

text: The Himalayas, or Himalaya, (or ) are a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

text: The

text: Himalayas

text: or

text: Himalaya

text: or

text: are

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: Asia

text: separating

text: the

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: from

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.

text: Asia

text: is

text: Earth

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: hemispheres

text: and

text: sharing

text: the

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: continent

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: civilizations

text: Asia

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: its

text: overall

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: also

text: dense

text: and

text: large

text: settlements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: vast

text: barely

text: populated

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: billion

text: people

text: Bangladesh ( , "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (  "Gônôprôjatôntri Bangladesh"), is a country in South Asia. It shares land borders with India and Myanmar (Burma). Nepal, Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it. The country's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous country. Dhaka is its capital and largest city, followed by Chittagong which has the country's largest port.

text: Bangladesh

text: The

text: country

text: of

text: Bengal

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Bangladesh

text: Gônôprôjatôntri

text: Bangladesh

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: India

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: Nepal

text: Bhutan

text: and

text: China

text: are

text: located

text: near

text: Bangladesh

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: border

text: with

text: it

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: maritime

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: is

text: roughly

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: area

text: Bangladesh

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: eighth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: Dhaka

text: is

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: followed

text: by

text: Chittagong

text: which

text: has

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: port

text:
An arrow is a shafted projectile that is shot with a bow. It predates recorded history and is common to most cultures.
An arrow usually consists of a shaft with an arrowhead attached to the front end, with fletchings and a nock at the other.

text: An

text: arrow

text: is

text: shafted

text: projectile

text: that

text: is

text: shot

text: with

text: bow

text: It

text: predates

text: recorded

text: history

text: and

text: is

text: common

text: to

text: most

text: cultures

text: An

text: arrow

text: usually

text: consists

text: of

text: shaft

text: with

text: an

text: arrowhead

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: front

text: end

text: with

text: fletchings

text: and

text: nock

text: at

text: the

text: other

text: West Bengal is an Indian state, located in East India on the Bay of Bengal. It is India's fourth-most populous state, with over 91 million inhabitants. It has a total area of , making it similar in size to Serbia. A part of the ethno-linguistic Bengal region, it borders Bangladesh in the east and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also has borders with five Indian states, including Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim and Assam.

text: West

text: Bengal

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: East

text: India

text: on

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: It

text: is

text: India

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: It

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: similar

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: Serbia

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: ethno

text: linguistic

text: Bengal

text: region

text: it

text: borders

text: Bangladesh

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: borders

text: with

text: five

text: Indian

text: states

text: including

text: Odisha

text: Jharkhand

text: Bihar

text: Sikkim

text: and

text: Assam

text: Archery is the sport, practice or skill of using a bow to propel arrows. The word comes from the Latin "arcus". Historically, archery has been used for hunting and combat. In modern times, it is mainly a competitive sport and recreational activity. A person who participates in archery is typically called an archer or a "bowman", and a person who is fond of or an expert at archery is sometimes called a toxophilite.

text: Archery

text: is

text: the

text: sport

text: practice

text: or

text: skill

text: of

text: using

text: bow

text: to

text: propel

text: arrows

text: The

text: word

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: arcus

text: Historically

text: archery

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: for

text: hunting

text: and

text: combat

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: it

text: is

text: mainly

text: competitive

text: sport

text: and

text: recreational

text: activity

text: person

text: who

text: participates

text: in

text: archery

text: is

text: typically

text: called

text: an

text: archer

text: or

text: bowman

text: and

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: fond

text: of

text: or

text: an

text: expert

text: at

text: archery

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: toxophilite

text: Phuntsholing, also spelled as Phuentsholing is a border town in southern Bhutan and is the administrative seat of Chukha District. The town occupies parts of both Phuentsholing Gewog and Sampheling Gewog.

text: Phuntsholing

text: also

text: spelled

text: as

text: Phuentsholing

text: is

text: border

text: town

text: in

text: southern

text: Bhutan

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: seat

text: of

text: Chukha

text: District

text: The

text: town

text: occupies

text: parts

text: of

text: both

text: Phuentsholing

text: Gewog

text: and

text: Sampheling

text: Gewog

text: Bhutan ('), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan ('), is a landlocked country and the smallest state in Asia to be located entirely within the Himalaya mountain range. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, it is bordered by China in the north and India in the south. Bhutan lacks a border with nearby Nepal due to the Indian state of Sikkim and with Bangladesh due to the Indian states of West Bengal and Assam. Bhutan is geopolitically in South Asia and is the region's second least populous nation after the Maldives. Thimphu is its capital and largest city, while Phuntsholing is its financial center.

text: Bhutan

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Bhutan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: smallest

text: state

text: in

text: Asia

text: to

text: be

text: located

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Himalaya

text: mountain

text: range

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Himalayas

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bhutan

text: lacks

text: border

text: with

text: nearby

text: Nepal

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Sikkim

text: and

text: with

text: Bangladesh

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: West

text: Bengal

text: and

text: Assam

text: Bhutan

text: is

text: geopolitically

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: second

text: least

text: populous

text: nation

text: after

text: the

text: Maldives

text: Thimphu

text: is

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: while

text: Phuntsholing

text: is

text: its

text: financial

text: center

text: Thimphu (formerly spelled as Thimbu), is the capital and largest city of the Kingdom of Bhutan. It is situated in the western central part of Bhutan and the surrounding valley is one of Bhutan's "dzongkhags", the Thimphu District. The ancient capital city of Punakha was replaced by Thimphu when it was established as capital in 1955, and in 1961 Thimphu was declared as the capital of the Kingdom of Bhutan by His Majesty The 3rd Druk Gyalpo Jigme Dorji Wangchuck.

text: Thimphu

text: formerly

text: spelled

text: as

text: Thimbu

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Bhutan

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: Bhutan

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: valley

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Bhutan

text: 's

text: dzongkhags

text: the

text: Thimphu

text: District

text: The

text: ancient

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Punakha

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: Thimphu

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: capital

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: Thimphu

text: was

text: declared

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Bhutan

text: by

text: His

text: Majesty

text: The

text: Druk

text: Gyalpo

text: Jigme

text: Dorji

text: Wangchuck

annotations: likely multiple

question: place_of_birth dorji dema

answer: thimphu

text: thimphu

text: thimphu

text: thimphu

text: thimphu

text: thimphu