text: The blue-footed booby ("Sula nebouxii") is a marine bird native to subtropical and tropical regions of the Pacific Ocean. It is one of six species of the genus "Sula"  known as boobies. It is easily recognizable by its distinctive bright blue feet, which is a sexually selected trait. Males display their feet in an elaborate mating ritual by lifting them up and down while strutting before the female. The female is slightly larger than the male and can measure up to long with a wingspan of up to .

text: The

text: blue

text: footed

text: booby

text: Sula

text: nebouxii

text: is

text: marine

text: bird

text: native

text: to

text: subtropical

text: and

text: tropical

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: six

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Sula

text: known

text: as

text: boobies

text: It

text: is

text: easily

text: recognizable

text: by

text: its

text: distinctive

text: bright

text: blue

text: feet

text: which

text: is

text: sexually

text: selected

text: trait

text: Males

text: display

text: their

text: feet

text: in

text: an

text: elaborate

text: mating

text: ritual

text: by

text: lifting

text: them

text: up

text: and

text: down

text: while

text: strutting

text: before

text: the

text: female

text: The

text: female

text: is

text: slightly

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: male

text: and

text: can

text: measure

text: up

text: to

text: long

text: with

text: wingspan

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: A tuna is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a sub-grouping of the mackerel family (Scombridae)  which together with the tunas, also includes the bonitos, mackerels, and Spanish mackerels. Thunnini comprises fifteen species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max. length: , weight: ) up to the Atlantic bluefin tuna (max. length: , weight: ). The bluefin averages , and is believed to live for up to 50 years.

text: tuna

text: is

text: saltwater

text: fish

text: that

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: tribe

text: Thunnini

text: sub

text: grouping

text: of

text: the

text: mackerel

text: family

text: Scombridae

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: tunas

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: bonitos

text: mackerels

text: and

text: Spanish

text: mackerels

text: Thunnini

text: comprises

text: fifteen

text: species

text: across

text: five

text: genera

text: the

text: sizes

text: of

text: which

text: vary

text: greatly

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: bullet

text: tuna

text: max

text: length

text: weight

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: bluefin

text: tuna

text: max

text: length

text: weight

text: The

text: bluefin

text: averages

text: and

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: live

text: for

text: up

text: to

text: years

text: Dolphins are a widely distributed and diverse group of aquatic mammals. They are an informal grouping within the order Cetacea, excluding whales and porpoises, so to zoologists the grouping is paraphyletic. The dolphins comprise the extant families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the new world river dolphins), and Pontoporiidae (the brackish dolphins), and the extinct Lipotidae (baiji or Chinese river dolphin). There are 40 extant species of dolphins. Dolphins, alongside other cetaceans, belong to the clade Cetartiodactyla with even-toed ungulates. Their closest living relatives are the hippopotamuses, having diverged about 40 million years ago.

text: Dolphins

text: are

text: widely

text: distributed

text: and

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: aquatic

text: mammals

text: They

text: are

text: an

text: informal

text: grouping

text: within

text: the

text: order

text: Cetacea

text: excluding

text: whales

text: and

text: porpoises

text: so

text: to

text: zoologists

text: the

text: grouping

text: is

text: paraphyletic

text: The

text: dolphins

text: comprise

text: the

text: extant

text: families

text: Delphinidae

text: the

text: oceanic

text: dolphins

text: Platanistidae

text: the

text: Indian

text: river

text: dolphins

text: Iniidae

text: the

text: new

text: world

text: river

text: dolphins

text: and

text: Pontoporiidae

text: the

text: brackish

text: dolphins

text: and

text: the

text: extinct

text: Lipotidae

text: baiji

text: or

text: Chinese

text: river

text: dolphin

text: There

text: are

text: extant

text: species

text: of

text: dolphins

text: Dolphins

text: alongside

text: other

text: cetaceans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: clade

text: Cetartiodactyla

text: with

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: Their

text: closest

text: living

text: relatives

text: are

text: the

text: hippopotamuses

text: having

text: diverged

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Puerto López (16,000 inhabitants) is a small fishing village set in an arched bay on the Pacific coast in the Ecuadorian Manabí Province. Puerto Lopéz is the Machalilla National Park headquarters. The main industries include fishing and ecotourism. The street closest to the beach has many restaurants, cabanas that provide drinks, and some nightclubs.

text: Puerto

text: López

text: inhabitants

text: is

text: small

text: fishing

text: village

text: set

text: in

text: an

text: arched

text: bay

text: on

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: Ecuadorian

text: Manabí

text: Province

text: Puerto

text: Lopéz

text: is

text: the

text: Machalilla

text: National

text: Park

text: headquarters

text: The

text: main

text: industries

text: include

text: fishing

text: and

text: ecotourism

text: The

text: street

text: closest

text: to

text: the

text: beach

text: has

text: many

text: restaurants

text: cabanas

text: that

text: provide

text: drinks

text: and

text: some

text: nightclubs

text: Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Río de la Plata (River of Silver) to the south and with the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.42 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America, only larger in size than Suriname.

text: Uruguay

text: officially

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Republic

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: borders

text: Argentina

text: to

text: its

text: west

text: and

text: Brazil

text: to

text: its

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Río

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

text: River

text: of

text: Silver

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: of

text: whom

text: million

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Montevideo

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: second

text: smallest

text: nation

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: only

text: larger

text: in

text: size

text: than

text: Suriname

text: Isla de la Plata is a small island off the coast of Manabí , Ecuador , and is part of Parque Nacional Machalilla . It can be reached by boat from the city of Puerto López , which is 40 kilometers away . On the island , there is a large diversity of animal species . For example , several species of booby , including the blue - footed booby , red - footed booby , and the Nazca booby . Another species found here is the South American sea lion . Dolphins , like the pantropical spotted dolphin can be found in the water near the island . Guided tours are given on a couple of different hiking trails . There are many nice beaches on the island where you can see many forms of wildlife and plant species . There is a shrine from Inca times located in the island .

text: Isla

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

text: is

text: small

text: island

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Manabí

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Parque

text: Nacional

text: Machalilla

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: reached

text: by

text: boat

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Puerto

text: López

text: which

text: is

text: kilometers

text: away

text: On

text: the

text: island

text: there

text: is

text: large

text: diversity

text: of

text: animal

text: species

text: For

text: example

text: several

text: species

text: of

text: booby

text: including

text: the

text: blue

text: footed

text: booby

text: red

text: footed

text: booby

text: and

text: the

text: Nazca

text: booby

text: Another

text: species

text: found

text: here

text: is

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: sea

text: lion

text: Dolphins

text: like

text: the

text: pantropical

text: spotted

text: dolphin

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: water

text: near

text: the

text: island

text: Guided

text: tours

text: are

text: given

text: on

text: couple

text: of

text: different

text: hiking

text: trails

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: nice

text: beaches

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: where

text: you

text: can

text: see

text: many

text: forms

text: of

text: wildlife

text: and

text: plant

text: species

text: There

text: is

text: shrine

text: from

text: Inca

text: times

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: island

text: A booby is a seabird in the genus Sula, part of the Sulidae family. Boobies are closely related to the gannets ("Morus"), which were formerly included in "Sula".

text: booby

text: is

text: seabird

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Sula

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Sulidae

text: family

text: Boobies

text: are

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: gannets

text: Morus

text: which

text: were

text: formerly

text: included

text: in

text: Sula

text: Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

text: Chile

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Chile

text: is

text: South

text: American

text: country

text: occupying

text: long

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: between

text: the

text: Andes

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: It

text: borders

text: Peru

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Bolivia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Drake

text: Passage

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: Chilean

text: territory

text: includes

text: the

text: Pacific

text: islands

text: of

text: Juan

text: Fernández

text: Salas

text: Gómez

text: Desventuradas

text: and

text: Easter

text: Island

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Chile

text: also

text: claims

text: about

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: although

text: all

text: claims

text: are

text: suspended

text: under

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: Machalilla National Park is a preserve in the Ecuadorian Manabí Province near Puerto López and the rural parish of Machalilla, a small fishing village in the vicinity of the park.

text: Machalilla

text: National

text: Park

text: is

text: preserve

text: in

text: the

text: Ecuadorian

text: Manabí

text: Province

text: near

text: Puerto

text: López

text: and

text: the

text: rural

text: parish

text: of

text: Machalilla

text: small

text: fishing

text: village

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: the

text: park

text:
Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving visiting fragile, pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard commercial (mass) tourism. It means responsible travel to natural areas conserving the environment and improving the well being of the local people. Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the economic development and political empowerment of local communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for human rights. Since the 1980s, ecotourism has been considered a critical endeavor by environmentalists, so that future generations may experience destinations relatively untouched by human intervention. Several university programs use this description as the working definition of ecotourism.
Generally, ecotourism deals with interaction with biotic components of the natural environments. Ecotourism focuses on socially responsible travel, personal growth, and environmental sustainability. Ecotourism typically involves travel to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the primary attractions. Ecotourism is intended to offer tourists insight into the impact of human beings on the environment, and to foster a greater appreciation of our natural habitats.

text: Ecotourism

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: tourism

text: involving

text: visiting

text: fragile

text: pristine

text: and

text: relatively

text: undisturbed

text: natural

text: areas

text: intended

text: as

text: low

text: impact

text: and

text: often

text: small

text: scale

text: alternative

text: to

text: standard

text: commercial

text: mass

text: tourism

text: It

text: means

text: responsible

text: travel

text: to

text: natural

text: areas

text: conserving

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: improving

text: the

text: well

text: being

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: people

text: Its

text: purpose

text: may

text: be

text: to

text: educate

text: the

text: traveler

text: to

text: provide

text: funds

text: for

text: ecological

text: conservation

text: to

text: directly

text: benefit

text: the

text: economic

text: development

text: and

text: political

text: empowerment

text: of

text: local

text: communities

text: or

text: to

text: foster

text: respect

text: for

text: different

text: cultures

text: and

text: for

text: human

text: rights

text: Since

text: the

text: ecotourism

text: has

text: been

text: considered

text: critical

text: endeavor

text: by

text: environmentalists

text: so

text: that

text: future

text: generations

text: may

text: experience

text: destinations

text: relatively

text: untouched

text: by

text: human

text: intervention

text: Several

text: university

text: programs

text: use

text: this

text: description

text: as

text: the

text: working

text: definition

text: of

text: ecotourism

text: Generally

text: ecotourism

text: deals

text: with

text: interaction

text: with

text: biotic

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: natural

text: environments

text: Ecotourism

text: focuses

text: on

text: socially

text: responsible

text: travel

text: personal

text: growth

text: and

text: environmental

text: sustainability

text: Ecotourism

text: typically

text: involves

text: travel

text: to

text: destinations

text: where

text: flora

text: fauna

text: and

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: are

text: the

text: primary

text: attractions

text: Ecotourism

text: is

text: intended

text: to

text: offer

text: tourists

text: insight

text: into

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: human

text: beings

text: on

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: to

text: foster

text: greater

text: appreciation

text: of

text: our

text: natural

text: habitats

text: The red-footed booby ("Sula sula") is a large seabird of the booby family, Sulidae. As suggested by the name, adults always have red feet, but the colour of the plumage varies. They are powerful and agile fliers, but they are clumsy in takeoffs and landings. They are found widely in the tropics, and breed colonially in coastal regions, especially islands.

text: The

text: red

text: footed

text: booby

text: Sula

text: sula

text: is

text: large

text: seabird

text: of

text: the

text: booby

text: family

text: Sulidae

text: As

text: suggested

text: by

text: the

text: name

text: adults

text: always

text: have

text: red

text: feet

text: but

text: the

text: colour

text: of

text: the

text: plumage

text: varies

text: They

text: are

text: powerful

text: and

text: agile

text: fliers

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: clumsy

text: in

text: takeoffs

text: and

text: landings

text: They

text: are

text: found

text: widely

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: and

text: breed

text: colonially

text: in

text: coastal

text: regions

text: especially

text: islands

text: South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).

text: South

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: hemisphere

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: with

text: relatively

text: small

text: portion

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: model

text: used

text: in

text: nations

text: that

text: speak

text: Romance

text: languages

text: The

text: reference

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: instead

text: of

text: other

text: regions

text: like

text: Latin

text: America

text: or

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: has

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: due

text: to

text: changing

text: geopolitical

text: dynamics

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Brazil

text: The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.

text: The

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: It

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: to

text: Antarctica

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: and

text: Australia

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: The Nazca booby ("Sula granti") is a colonial seabird in the family Sulidae, native to the eastern Pacific.

text: The

text: Nazca

text: booby

text: Sula

text: granti

text: is

text: colonial

text: seabird

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Sulidae

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: eastern

text: Pacific

text: The lion ("Panthera leo") is one of the big cats in the genus "Panthera" and a member of the family Felidae. The commonly used term African lion collectively denotes the several subspecies in Africa. With some males exceeding in weight, it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger. Wild lions currently exist in sub-Saharan Africa and in India (where an endangered remnant population resides in Gir Forest National Park). In ancient historic times, their range was in most of Africa, including North Africa, and across Eurasia from Greece and southeastern Europe to India. In the late Pleistocene, about 10,000 years ago, the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans: "Panthera leo spelaea" lived in northern and western Europe and "Panthera leo atrox" lived in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru. The lion is classified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), having seen a major population decline in its African range of 3050% over two decades during the second half of the twentieth century. Lion populations are untenable outside designated reserves and national parks. Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes of concern. Within Africa, the West African lion population is particularly endangered.

text: The

text: lion

text: Panthera

text: leo

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: big

text: cats

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Panthera

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Felidae

text: The

text: commonly

text: used

text: term

text: African

text: lion

text: collectively

text: denotes

text: the

text: several

text: subspecies

text: in

text: Africa

text: With

text: some

text: males

text: exceeding

text: in

text: weight

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: living

text: cat

text: after

text: the

text: tiger

text: Wild

text: lions

text: currently

text: exist

text: in

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: and

text: in

text: India

text: where

text: an

text: endangered

text: remnant

text: population

text: resides

text: in

text: Gir

text: Forest

text: National

text: Park

text: In

text: ancient

text: historic

text: times

text: their

text: range

text: was

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: Africa

text: including

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: across

text: Eurasia

text: from

text: Greece

text: and

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: to

text: India

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Pleistocene

text: about

text: years

text: ago

text: the

text: lion

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: large

text: land

text: mammal

text: after

text: humans

text: Panthera

text: leo

text: spelaea

text: lived

text: in

text: northern

text: and

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: Panthera

text: leo

text: atrox

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: from

text: the

text: Yukon

text: to

text: Peru

text: The

text: lion

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: vulnerable

text: species

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Union

text: for

text: Conservation

text: of

text: Nature

text: IUCN

text: having

text: seen

text: major

text: population

text: decline

text: in

text: its

text: African

text: range

text: of

text: over

text: two

text: decades

text: during

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

text: Lion

text: populations

text: are

text: untenable

text: outside

text: designated

text: reserves

text: and

text: national

text: parks

text: Although

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: decline

text: is

text: not

text: fully

text: understood

text: habitat

text: loss

text: and

text: conflicts

text: with

text: humans

text: are

text: the

text: greatest

text: causes

text: of

text: concern

text: Within

text: Africa

text: the

text: West

text: African

text: lion

text: population

text: is

text: particularly

text: endangered

text: A fishing village is a village, usually located near a fishing ground, with an economy based on catching fish and harvesting seafood. The continents and islands around the world have coastlines totalling around 356,000 kilometres (221,000 mi). From Neolithic times, these coastlines, as well as the shorelines of inland lakes and the banks of rivers, have been punctuated with fishing villages. Most surviving fishing villages are traditional.

text: fishing

text: village

text: is

text: village

text: usually

text: located

text: near

text: fishing

text: ground

text: with

text: an

text: economy

text: based

text: on

text: catching

text: fish

text: and

text: harvesting

text: seafood

text: The

text: continents

text: and

text: islands

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: have

text: coastlines

text: totalling

text: around

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: From

text: Neolithic

text: times

text: these

text: coastlines

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: shorelines

text: of

text: inland

text: lakes

text: and

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: rivers

text: have

text: been

text: punctuated

text: with

text: fishing

text: villages

text: Most

text: surviving

text: fishing

text: villages

text: are

text: traditional

text: Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador (which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"), is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about west of the mainland.

text: Ecuador

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ecuador

text: which

text: literally

text: translates

text: as

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Equator

text: is

text: representative

text: democratic

text: republic

text: in

text: northwestern

text: South

text: America

text: bordered

text: by

text: Colombia

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Peru

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Ecuador

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: Galápagos

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: about

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: mainland

text: Peru , officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.

text: Peru

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Peru

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Colombia

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Brazil

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Chile

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Peru

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: biodiverse

text: country

text: with

text: habitats

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: arid

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coastal

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: peaks

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: mountains

text: vertically

text: extending

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: the

text: tropical

text: Amazon

text: Basin

text: rainforest

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Amazon

text: river

text: The Galápagos Islands (official name: "Archipiélago de Colón", other Spanish name: "Islas Galápagos") are an archipelago of volcanic islands distributed on either side of the Equator in the Pacific Ocean surrounding the centre of the Western Hemisphere, west of continental Ecuador, of which they are a part. The islands are known for their vast number of endemic species and were studied by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the "Beagle", as his observations and collections contributed to the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.

text: The

text: Galápagos

text: Islands

text: official

text: name

text: Archipiélago

text: de

text: Colón

text: other

text: Spanish

text: name

text: Islas

text: Galápagos

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: volcanic

text: islands

text: distributed

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Equator

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: surrounding

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: west

text: of

text: continental

text: Ecuador

text: of

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: part

text: The

text: islands

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: vast

text: number

text: of

text: endemic

text: species

text: and

text: were

text: studied

text: by

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: during

text: the

text: voyage

text: of

text: the

text: Beagle

text: as

text: his

text: observations

text: and

text: collections

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: inception

text: of

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: evolution

text: by

text: natural

text: selection

text: Colombia (or ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a transcontinental country largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America. Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama, to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru. It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. It is a unitary, constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples including the Muisca, the Quimbaya and the Tairona.

text: Colombia

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Colombia

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: largely

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: with

text: territories

text: in

text: Central

text: America

text: Colombia

text: shares

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: with

text: Panama

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: Venezuela

text: and

text: Brazil

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: with

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Peru

text: It

text: shares

text: its

text: maritime

text: limits

text: with

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: Nicaragua

text: Honduras

text: Jamaica

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: and

text: Haiti

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: constitutional

text: republic

text: comprising

text: thirty

text: two

text: departments

text: The

text: territory

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Colombia

text: was

text: originally

text: inhabited

text: by

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: including

text: the

text: Muisca

text: the

text: Quimbaya

text: and

text: the

text: Tairona

text: The bird family Sulidae comprises the gannets and boobies. Collectively called sulids, they are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish and similar prey. The ten species in this family are often considered congeneric in older sources, placing all in the genus "Sula". However, "Sula" (true boobies) and "Morus" (gannets) can be readily distinguished by morphological and behavioral and DNA sequence characters. Abbott's booby ("Papasula") is given its own genus as it stands apart from both in these respects. It appears to be a distinct and ancient lineage, maybe closer to the gannets than to the true boobies.

text: The

text: bird

text: family

text: Sulidae

text: comprises

text: the

text: gannets

text: and

text: boobies

text: Collectively

text: called

text: sulids

text: they

text: are

text: medium

text: large

text: coastal

text: seabirds

text: that

text: plunge

text: dive

text: for

text: fish

text: and

text: similar

text: prey

text: The

text: ten

text: species

text: in

text: this

text: family

text: are

text: often

text: considered

text: congeneric

text: in

text: older

text: sources

text: placing

text: all

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Sula

text: However

text: Sula

text: true

text: boobies

text: and

text: Morus

text: gannets

text: can

text: be

text: readily

text: distinguished

text: by

text: morphological

text: and

text: behavioral

text: and

text: DNA

text: sequence

text: characters

text: Abbott

text: 's

text: booby

text: Papasula

text: is

text: given

text: its

text: own

text: genus

text: as

text: it

text: stands

text: apart

text: from

text: both

text: in

text: these

text: respects

text: It

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: distinct

text: and

text: ancient

text: lineage

text: maybe

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: gannets

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: true

text: boobies

text: In biology, a species (abbreviated sp., with the plural form species abbreviated spp.) is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. While this definition is often adequate, looked at more closely it is often problematic. For example, in a species complex, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear or disappear altogether. Other ways of defining species include similarity of DNA, morphology, or ecological niche. The presence of locally adaptive traits may further subdivide species into infraspecific taxa such as subspecies.

text: In

text: biology

text: species

text: abbreviated

text: sp

text: with

text: the

text: plural

text: form

text: species

text: abbreviated

text: spp

text: is

text: the

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: and

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: species

text: is

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: individuals

text: can

text: produce

text: fertile

text: offspring

text: typically

text: by

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: While

text: this

text: definition

text: is

text: often

text: adequate

text: looked

text: at

text: more

text: closely

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: problematic

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: species

text: complex

text: the

text: boundaries

text: between

text: closely

text: related

text: species

text: become

text: unclear

text: or

text: disappear

text: altogether

text: Other

text: ways

text: of

text: defining

text: species

text: include

text: similarity

text: of

text: DNA

text: morphology

text: or

text: ecological

text: niche

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: locally

text: adaptive

text: traits

text: may

text: further

text: subdivide

text: species

text: into

text: infraspecific

text: taxa

text: such

text: as

text: subspecies

text: Plumage ("feather") refers both to the layer of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage differ between species and subspecies, and may vary with age classes. Within species there can be different colour morphs.

text: Plumage

text: feather

text: refers

text: both

text: to

text: the

text: layer

text: of

text: feathers

text: that

text: cover

text: bird

text: and

text: the

text: pattern

text: colour

text: and

text: arrangement

text: of

text: those

text: feathers

text: The

text: pattern

text: and

text: colours

text: of

text: plumage

text: differ

text: between

text: species

text: and

text: subspecies

text: and

text: may

text: vary

text: with

text: age

text: classes

text: Within

text: species

text: there

text: can

text: be

text: different

text: colour

text: morphs

text: Manabí is a province in Ecuador. Its capital is Portoviejo. The province is named after the Manabí people.

text: Manabí

text: is

text: province

text: in

text: Ecuador

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Portoviejo

text: The

text: province

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Manabí

text: people

text: Patagonia is a sparsely populated region located at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains as well as the deserts, steppes and grasslands east of this southern portion of the Andes. Patagonia has two coasts; a western one towards the Pacific Ocean and an eastern one towards the Atlantic Ocean.

text: Patagonia

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: region

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: shared

text: by

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Chile

text: The

text: region

text: comprises

text: the

text: southern

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: mountains

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: deserts

text: steppes

text: and

text: grasslands

text: east

text: of

text: this

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: Patagonia

text: has

text: two

text: coasts

text: western

text: one

text: towards

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: an

text: eastern

text: one

text: towards

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: The pantropical spotted dolphin ("Stenella attenuata") is a species of dolphin found in all the world's temperate and tropical oceans. The species was beginning to come under threat due to the killing of millions of individuals in tuna purse seines. In the 1980s, the rise of "dolphin-friendly" tuna capture methods saved millions of the species in the eastern Pacific Ocean and it is now one of the most abundant dolphin species in the world.

text: The

text: pantropical

text: spotted

text: dolphin

text: Stenella

text: attenuata

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: dolphin

text: found

text: in

text: all

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: temperate

text: and

text: tropical

text: oceans

text: The

text: species

text: was

text: beginning

text: to

text: come

text: under

text: threat

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: killing

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: individuals

text: in

text: tuna

text: purse

text: seines

text: In

text: the

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: dolphin

text: friendly

text: tuna

text: capture

text: methods

text: saved

text: millions

text: of

text: the

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: abundant

text: dolphin

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The South American sea lion ("Otaria flavescens", formerly "Otaria byronia"), also called the southern sea lion and the Patagonian sea lion, is a sea lion found on the Chilean, Ecuador, Peruvian, Uruguayan, Argentine and Southern Brazilian coasts. It is the only member of the genus "Otaria". Its scientific name was subject to controversy, with some taxonomists referring to it as "Otaria flavescens" and others referring to it as "Otaria byronia". The former eventually won out, although that may still be overturned. Locally, it is known by several names, most commonly lobo marino (es)/lobo marinho (pt) (sea wolf) and león marino (es)/leão marinho (pt) (sea lion).

text: The

text: South

text: American

text: sea

text: lion

text: Otaria

text: flavescens

text: formerly

text: Otaria

text: byronia

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: southern

text: sea

text: lion

text: and

text: the

text: Patagonian

text: sea

text: lion

text: is

text: sea

text: lion

text: found

text: on

text: the

text: Chilean

text: Ecuador

text: Peruvian

text: Uruguayan

text: Argentine

text: and

text: Southern

text: Brazilian

text: coasts

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Otaria

text: Its

text: scientific

text: name

text: was

text: subject

text: to

text: controversy

text: with

text: some

text: taxonomists

text: referring

text: to

text: it

text: as

text: Otaria

text: flavescens

text: and

text: others

text: referring

text: to

text: it

text: as

text: Otaria

text: byronia

text: The

text: former

text: eventually

text: won

text: out

text: although

text: that

text: may

text: still

text: be

text: overturned

text: Locally

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: by

text: several

text: names

text: most

text: commonly

text: lobo

text: marino

text: es)/lobo

text: marinho

text: pt

text: sea

text: wolf

text: and

text: león

text: marino

text: es)/leão

text: marinho

text: pt

text: sea

text: lion

text: The Equator usually refers to an imaginary line on the Earth's surface equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole, dividing the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. The Equator is about long; some 78.7% lies across water and 21.3% over land.

text: The

text: Equator

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: an

text: imaginary

text: line

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: equidistant

text: from

text: the

text: North

text: Pole

text: and

text: South

text: Pole

text: dividing

text: the

text: Earth

text: into

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: Southern

text: Hemisphere

text: The

text: Equator

text: is

text: about

text: long

text: some

text: lies

text: across

text: water

text: and

text: over

text: land

text: Sea lions are sea mammals characterized by external ear flaps, long foreflippers, the ability to walk on all fours, and short, thick hair, big chest and belly. Together with the fur seals, they comprise the family Otariidae, eared seals, which contains six extant and one extinct species (the Japanese sea lion) in five genera. Their range extends from the subarctic to tropical waters of the global ocean in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, with the notable exception of the northern Atlantic Ocean. They have an average lifespan of 2030 years. A male California sea lion weighs on average about and is about long, while the female sea lion weighs and is long. The largest sea lion is Steller's sea lion, which can weigh and grow to a length of . Sea lions consume large quantities of food at a time and are known to eat about 58% of their body weight (about ) at a single feeding.

text: Sea

text: lions

text: are

text: sea

text: mammals

text: characterized

text: by

text: external

text: ear

text: flaps

text: long

text: foreflippers

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: walk

text: on

text: all

text: fours

text: and

text: short

text: thick

text: hair

text: big

text: chest

text: and

text: belly

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: fur

text: seals

text: they

text: comprise

text: the

text: family

text: Otariidae

text: eared

text: seals

text: which

text: contains

text: six

text: extant

text: and

text: one

text: extinct

text: species

text: the

text: Japanese

text: sea

text: lion

text: in

text: five

text: genera

text: Their

text: range

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: subarctic

text: to

text: tropical

text: waters

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: ocean

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Southern

text: Hemispheres

text: with

text: the

text: notable

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: They

text: have

text: an

text: average

text: lifespan

text: of

text: years

text: male

text: California

text: sea

text: lion

text: weighs

text: on

text: average

text: about

text: and

text: is

text: about

text: long

text: while

text: the

text: female

text: sea

text: lion

text: weighs

text: and

text: is

text: long

text: The

text: largest

text: sea

text: lion

text: is

text: Steller

text: 's

text: sea

text: lion

text: which

text: can

text: weigh

text: and

text: grow

text: to

text: length

text: of

text: Sea

text: lions

text: consume

text: large

text: quantities

text: of

text: food

text: at

text: time

text: and

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: eat

text: about

text: of

text: their

text: body

text: weight

text: about

text: at

text: single

text: feeding

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity isla de la plata

answer: manabí province

text: manabí province

text: manabí province


text: `` The Stone of the Witch Queen '' is a fantasy story written by L. Sprague de Camp as part of his Pusadian series . It was first published in the magazine Weirdbook for fall 1977 . Chronologically , `` The Stone of the Witch Queen '' is the fifth of de Camp 's Pusadian tales , and the third to feature his protagonist Gezun of Lorsk .

text: The

text: Stone

text: of

text: the

text: Witch

text: Queen

text: is

text: fantasy

text: story

text: written

text: by

text: Sprague

text: de

text: Camp

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: Pusadian

text: series

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: magazine

text: Weirdbook

text: for

text: fall

text: Chronologically

text: The

text: Stone

text: of

text: the

text: Witch

text: Queen

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: of

text: de

text: Camp

text: 's

text: Pusadian

text: tales

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: to

text: feature

text: his

text: protagonist

text: Gezun

text: of

text: Lorsk

text: The Pusadian series is a sequence of fantasy stories by L. Sprague de Camp, begun in the early 1950s and written under the influence of Robert E. Howard's Conan stories. It is also known as the Poseidonis series. It was the first post-Howard attempt at serious world-building of a fantasy setting in the Howard vein, prefiguring the numerous sword and sorcery settings of the 1960s and 1970s.

text: The

text: Pusadian

text: series

text: is

text: sequence

text: of

text: fantasy

text: stories

text: by

text: Sprague

text: de

text: Camp

text: begun

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: written

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Robert

text: Howard

text: 's

text: Conan

text: stories

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Poseidonis

text: series

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: post

text: Howard

text: attempt

text: at

text: serious

text: world

text: building

text: of

text: fantasy

text: setting

text: in

text: the

text: Howard

text: vein

text: prefiguring

text: the

text: numerous

text: sword

text: and

text: sorcery

text: settings

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: Poseidonis is an imagined last remnant of the lost continent of Atlantis, detailed in a series of short stories by Clark Ashton Smith. Smith based Poseidonis on Theosophical scriptures about Atlantis, (such as "Secret Doctrine" by Helena Blavatsky) and his concept of "the last isle of foundering Atlantis" is echoed by the Isle of Meneltarma in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.

text: Poseidonis

text: is

text: an

text: imagined

text: last

text: remnant

text: of

text: the

text: lost

text: continent

text: of

text: Atlantis

text: detailed

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: short

text: stories

text: by

text: Clark

text: Ashton

text: Smith

text: Smith

text: based

text: Poseidonis

text: on

text: Theosophical

text: scriptures

text: about

text: Atlantis

text: such

text: as

text: Secret

text: Doctrine

text: by

text: Helena

text: Blavatsky

text: and

text: his

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: isle

text: of

text: foundering

text: Atlantis

text: is

text: echoed

text: by

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Meneltarma

text: in

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: legendarium

text: Speculative fiction is a broad umbrella genre denoting any narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements; this encompasses the genres of science fiction, fantasy, horror, alternative history, magic realism, and superhero fiction, as well as combinations of the previous genres. It typically strays strongly from reality and so may feature fictional types of beings like mythical creatures and supernatural entities, technologies that do not exist in real life like time machines and interstellar spaceships, or magical or otherwise scientifically inexplicable elements. The term's popularity is sometimes attributed to Robert Heinlein, who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay, although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction, or its variant "speculative literature".

text: Speculative

text: fiction

text: is

text: broad

text: umbrella

text: genre

text: denoting

text: any

text: narrative

text: fiction

text: with

text: supernatural

text: or

text: futuristic

text: elements

text: this

text: encompasses

text: the

text: genres

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: fantasy

text: horror

text: alternative

text: history

text: magic

text: realism

text: and

text: superhero

text: fiction

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: combinations

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: genres

text: It

text: typically

text: strays

text: strongly

text: from

text: reality

text: and

text: so

text: may

text: feature

text: fictional

text: types

text: of

text: beings

text: like

text: mythical

text: creatures

text: and

text: supernatural

text: entities

text: technologies

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: real

text: life

text: like

text: time

text: machines

text: and

text: interstellar

text: spaceships

text: or

text: magical

text: or

text: otherwise

text: scientifically

text: inexplicable

text: elements

text: The

text: term

text: 's

text: popularity

text: is

text: sometimes

text: attributed

text: to

text: Robert

text: Heinlein

text: who

text: referenced

text: it

text: in

text: in

text: an

text: editorial

text: essay

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: prior

text: mentions

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: or

text: its

text: variant

text: speculative

text: literature

text: Robert Ervin Howard (January 22, 1906  June 11, 1936) was an American author who wrote pulp fiction in a diverse range of genres. He is well known for his character Conan the Barbarian and is regarded as the father of the sword and sorcery subgenre.

text: Robert

text: Ervin

text: Howard

text: January

text: June

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: author

text: who

text: wrote

text: pulp

text: fiction

text: in

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: genres

text: He

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: character

text: Conan

text: the

text: Barbarian

text: and

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: sword

text: and

text: sorcery

text: subgenre

text: Sword and sorcery (S&S) is a subgenre of fantasy generally characterized by sword-wielding heroes engaged in exciting and violent conflicts. An element of romance is often present, as is an element of magic and the supernatural. Unlike works of high fantasy, the tales, though dramatic, focus mainly on personal battles rather than world-endangering matters. Sword and sorcery commonly overlaps with heroic fantasy.

text: Sword

text: and

text: sorcery

text: S&S

text: is

text: subgenre

text: of

text: fantasy

text: generally

text: characterized

text: by

text: sword

text: wielding

text: heroes

text: engaged

text: in

text: exciting

text: and

text: violent

text: conflicts

text: An

text: element

text: of

text: romance

text: is

text: often

text: present

text: as

text: is

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: magic

text: and

text: the

text: supernatural

text: Unlike

text: works

text: of

text: high

text: fantasy

text: the

text: tales

text: though

text: dramatic

text: focus

text: mainly

text: on

text: personal

text: battles

text: rather

text: than

text: world

text: endangering

text: matters

text: Sword

text: and

text: sorcery

text: commonly

text: overlaps

text: with

text: heroic

text: fantasy

text: Non-fiction or nonfiction is content (sometimes, in the form of a story) whose creator, in good faith, assumes responsibility for the truth or accuracy of the events, people, and/or information presented. In contrast, a story whose creator explicitly leaves open if and how the work refers to reality is usually classified as fiction. Nonfiction, which may be presented either objectively or subjectively, is traditionally one of the two main divisions of narratives (and, specifically, prose writing), the other traditional division being fiction, which contrasts with nonfiction by dealing in information, events, and characters expected to be partly or largely imaginary.

text: Non

text: fiction

text: or

text: nonfiction

text: is

text: content

text: sometimes

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: story

text: whose

text: creator

text: in

text: good

text: faith

text: assumes

text: responsibility

text: for

text: the

text: truth

text: or

text: accuracy

text: of

text: the

text: events

text: people

text: and/or

text: information

text: presented

text: In

text: contrast

text: story

text: whose

text: creator

text: explicitly

text: leaves

text: open

text: if

text: and

text: how

text: the

text: work

text: refers

text: to

text: reality

text: is

text: usually

text: classified

text: as

text: fiction

text: Nonfiction

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: presented

text: either

text: objectively

text: or

text: subjectively

text: is

text: traditionally

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: main

text: divisions

text: of

text: narratives

text: and

text: specifically

text: prose

text: writing

text: the

text: other

text: traditional

text: division

text: being

text: fiction

text: which

text: contrasts

text: with

text: nonfiction

text: by

text: dealing

text: in

text: information

text: events

text: and

text: characters

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: partly

text: or

text: largely

text: imaginary

text: Fiction is the classification for any story or universe derived from imaginationin other words, not based strictly on history or fact. Fiction can be expressed in a variety of formats, including writings, live performances, films, television programs, animations, video games, and role-playing games, though the term originally and most commonly refers to the narrative forms of literature (see "literary" fiction), including the novel, novella, short story, and play. Fiction constitutes an act of creative invention, so that faithfulness to reality is not typically assumed; in other words, fiction is not expected to present only characters who are actual people or descriptions that are factually true. The context of fiction is generally open to interpretation, due to fiction's freedom from any necessary embedding in reality; however, some fictional works are claimed to be, or marketed as, historically or factually accurate, complicating the traditional distinction between fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is a classification or category, rather than a specific mode or genre, unless used in a narrower sense as a synonym for a particular literary fiction form.

text: Fiction

text: is

text: the

text: classification

text: for

text: any

text: story

text: or

text: universe

text: derived

text: from

text: imaginationin

text: other

text: words

text: not

text: based

text: strictly

text: on

text: history

text: or

text: fact

text: Fiction

text: can

text: be

text: expressed

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: formats

text: including

text: writings

text: live

text: performances

text: films

text: television

text: programs

text: animations

text: video

text: games

text: and

text: role

text: playing

text: games

text: though

text: the

text: term

text: originally

text: and

text: most

text: commonly

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: narrative

text: forms

text: of

text: literature

text: see

text: literary

text: fiction

text: including

text: the

text: novel

text: novella

text: short

text: story

text: and

text: play

text: Fiction

text: constitutes

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: creative

text: invention

text: so

text: that

text: faithfulness

text: to

text: reality

text: is

text: not

text: typically

text: assumed

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: fiction

text: is

text: not

text: expected

text: to

text: present

text: only

text: characters

text: who

text: are

text: actual

text: people

text: or

text: descriptions

text: that

text: are

text: factually

text: true

text: The

text: context

text: of

text: fiction

text: is

text: generally

text: open

text: to

text: interpretation

text: due

text: to

text: fiction

text: 's

text: freedom

text: from

text: any

text: necessary

text: embedding

text: in

text: reality

text: however

text: some

text: fictional

text: works

text: are

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: or

text: marketed

text: as

text: historically

text: or

text: factually

text: accurate

text: complicating

text: the

text: traditional

text: distinction

text: between

text: fiction

text: and

text: non

text: fiction

text: Fiction

text: is

text: classification

text: or

text: category

text: rather

text: than

text: specific

text: mode

text: or

text: genre

text: unless

text: used

text: in

text: narrower

text: sense

text: as

text: synonym

text: for

text: particular

text: literary

text: fiction

text: form

text: Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a "literature of ideas." It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction.

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: SF

text: sci

text: fi

text: or

text: scifi

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: typically

text: dealing

text: with

text: imaginative

text: concepts

text: such

text: as

text: futuristic

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: space

text: travel

text: time

text: travel

text: faster

text: than

text: light

text: travel

text: parallel

text: universes

text: and

text: extraterrestrial

text: life

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: explores

text: the

text: potential

text: consequences

text: of

text: scientific

text: and

text: other

text: innovations

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: literature

text: of

text: ideas

text: It

text: usually

text: avoids

text: the

text: supernatural

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: related

text: genre

text: of

text: fantasy

text: historically

text: science

text: fiction

text: stories

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: have

text: grounding

text: in

text: science

text: based

text: fact

text: or

text: theory

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: story

text: was

text: created

text: but

text: this

text: connection

text: is

text: now

text: limited

text: to

text: hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: A biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description of a person's life. It involves more than just the basic facts like education, work, relationships, and death; it portrays a person's experience of these life events. Unlike a profile or curriculum vitae (résumé), a biography presents a subject's life story, highlighting various aspects of his or her life, including intimate details of experience, and may include an analysis of the subject's personality.

text: biography

text: or

text: simply

text: bio

text: is

text: detailed

text: description

text: of

text: person

text: 's

text: life

text: It

text: involves

text: more

text: than

text: just

text: the

text: basic

text: facts

text: like

text: education

text: work

text: relationships

text: and

text: death

text: it

text: portrays

text: person

text: 's

text: experience

text: of

text: these

text: life

text: events

text: Unlike

text: profile

text: or

text: curriculum

text: vitae

text: résumé

text: biography

text: presents

text: subject

text: 's

text: life

text: story

text: highlighting

text: various

text: aspects

text: of

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: life

text: including

text: intimate

text: details

text: of

text: experience

text: and

text: may

text: include

text: an

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: subject

text: 's

text: personality

text: Lyon Sprague de Camp (November 27, 1907  November 6, 2000)  known as L. Sprague de Camp  was an American writer of science fiction, fantasy, non-fiction and biography. In a career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books, including novels and works of non-fiction, including biographies of other fantasy authors. He was a major figure in science fiction during the genre's heyday in the 1930s and 1940s.

text: Lyon

text: Sprague

text: de

text: Camp

text: November

text: November

text: known

text: as

text: Sprague

text: de

text: Camp

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: writer

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: fantasy

text: non

text: fiction

text: and

text: biography

text: In

text: career

text: spanning

text: years

text: he

text: wrote

text: over

text: books

text: including

text: novels

text: and

text: works

text: of

text: non

text: fiction

text: including

text: biographies

text: of

text: other

text: fantasy

text: authors

text: He

text: was

text: major

text: figure

text: in

text: science

text: fiction

text: during

text: the

text: genre

text: 's

text: heyday

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: The supernatural (Medieval Latin: "superntrlis": "supra" "above" + "naturalis" "natural", first used: 15201530 AD) includes all that cannot be explained by science or the laws of nature, including things characteristic of or relating to ghosts, gods, or other supernatural beings, or to things beyond nature.

text: The

text: supernatural

text: Medieval

text: Latin

text: superntrlis

text: supra

text: above

text: naturalis

text: natural

text: first

text: used

text: AD

text: includes

text: all

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: explained

text: by

text: science

text: or

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: nature

text: including

text: things

text: characteristic

text: of

text: or

text: relating

text: to

text: ghosts

text: gods

text: or

text: other

text: supernatural

text: beings

text: or

text: to

text: things

text: beyond

text: nature

text: Fantasy is a fiction genre set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Most fantasy uses magic or other supernatural elements as a main plot element, theme, or setting. Magic and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy is generally distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the expectation that it steers clear of scientific and macabre themes, respectively, though there is a great deal of overlap between the three, all of which are subgenres of speculative fiction.

text: Fantasy

text: is

text: fiction

text: genre

text: set

text: in

text: an

text: imaginary

text: universe

text: often

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: without

text: any

text: locations

text: events

text: or

text: people

text: from

text: the

text: real

text: world

text: Most

text: fantasy

text: uses

text: magic

text: or

text: other

text: supernatural

text: elements

text: as

text: main

text: plot

text: element

text: theme

text: or

text: setting

text: Magic

text: and

text: magical

text: creatures

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: imaginary

text: worlds

text: Fantasy

text: is

text: generally

text: distinguished

text: from

text: the

text: genres

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: and

text: horror

text: by

text: the

text: expectation

text: that

text: it

text: steers

text: clear

text: of

text: scientific

text: and

text: macabre

text: themes

text: respectively

text: though

text: there

text: is

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: overlap

text: between

text: the

text: three

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: subgenres

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: Genre (or ; from French "genre" , "kind" or "sort", from Latin "genus" (stem "gener-"), Greek , "gés")

text: Genre

text: or

text: from

text: French

text: genre

text: kind

text: or

text: sort

text: from

text: Latin

text: genus

text: stem

text: gener-

text: Greek

text: gés

annotations: likely single

annotations: follows multiple

question: instance_of the stone of the witch queen

answer: short story

text: short story


text: The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek:   , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Koine

text: and

text: Medieval

text: Greek

text: tr

text: was

text: the

text: post

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: civilization

text: characterized

text: by

text: government

text: headed

text: by

text: emperors

text: and

text: large

text: territorial

text: holdings

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: BC

text: AD

text: with

text: Constantinople

text: New

text: Rome

text: becoming

text: the

text: largest

text: around

text: AD

text: and

text: the

text: Empire

text: 's

text: populace

text: grew

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: roughly

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: old

text: republic

text: which

text: preceded

text: it

text: was

text: severely

text: destabilized

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: civil

text: wars

text: and

text: political

text: conflict

text: during

text: which

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: appointed

text: as

text: perpetual

text: dictator

text: and

text: then

text: assassinated

text: in

text: BC

text: Civil

text: wars

text: and

text: executions

text: continued

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: victory

text: of

text: Octavian

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: adopted

text: son

text: over

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: and

text: Cleopatra

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Octavian

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: then

text: unassailable

text: and

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Roman

text: Senate

text: formally

text: granted

text: him

text: overarching

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: title

text: Augustus

text: effectively

text: marking

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: Valeria Messalina , sometimes spelled Messallina , ( c. 17/20 -- 48 ) married ( as his third wife ) the Roman Emperor Claudius . She was a paternal cousin of the Emperor Nero , a second - cousin of the Emperor Caligula , and a great - grandniece of the Emperor Augustus . A powerful and influential woman with a reputation for promiscuity , she allegedly conspired against her husband and was executed on the discovery of the plot . Her notorious reputation arguably results from political bias , but works of art and literature have perpetuated it into modern times .

text: Valeria

text: Messalina

text: sometimes

text: spelled

text: Messallina

text: married

text: as

text: his

text: third

text: wife

text: the

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: Claudius

text: She

text: was

text: paternal

text: cousin

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Nero

text: second

text: cousin

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Caligula

text: and

text: great

text: grandniece

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Augustus

text: powerful

text: and

text: influential

text: woman

text: with

text: reputation

text: for

text: promiscuity

text: she

text: allegedly

text: conspired

text: against

text: her

text: husband

text: and

text: was

text: executed

text: on

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: plot

text: Her

text: notorious

text: reputation

text: arguably

text: results

text: from

text: political

text: bias

text: but

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: literature

text: have

text: perpetuated

text: it

text: into

text: modern

text: times

text: Caligula, properly Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August AD 12  24 January AD 41) was Roman emperor from AD 3741. Born Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus (not to be confused with Julius Caesar), Caligula was a member of the house of rulers conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Caligula's biological father was Germanicus, and he was the great-nephew and adopted son of Emperor Tiberius. The young Gaius earned the nickname "Caligula" (meaning "little soldier's boot", the diminutive form of "caliga", hob-nailed military boot) from his father's soldiers while accompanying him during his campaigns in Germania.

text: Caligula

text: properly

text: Gaius

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Augustus

text: Germanicus

text: August

text: AD

text: January

text: AD

text: was

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: from

text: AD

text: Born

text: Gaius

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Germanicus

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Caligula

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: house

text: of

text: rulers

text: conventionally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Julio

text: Claudian

text: dynasty

text: Caligula

text: 's

text: biological

text: father

text: was

text: Germanicus

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: great

text: nephew

text: and

text: adopted

text: son

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Tiberius

text: The

text: young

text: Gaius

text: earned

text: the

text: nickname

text: Caligula

text: meaning

text: little

text: soldier

text: 's

text: boot

text: the

text: diminutive

text: form

text: of

text: caliga

text: hob

text: nailed

text: military

text: boot

text: from

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: soldiers

text: while

text: accompanying

text: him

text: during

text: his

text: campaigns

text: in

text: Germania

text: The term Julio-Claudian dynasty refers to the first five Roman emperorsAugustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Neroor the family to which they belonged. They ruled the Roman Empire from its formation under Augustus in the second half of the 1st century (44/31/27) BC, until AD 68 when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.

text: The

text: term

text: Julio

text: Claudian

text: dynasty

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: Roman

text: emperorsAugustus

text: Tiberius

text: Caligula

text: Claudius

text: and

text: Neroor

text: the

text: family

text: to

text: which

text: they

text: belonged

text: They

text: ruled

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: from

text: its

text: formation

text: under

text: Augustus

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: until

text: AD

text: when

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: Nero

text: committed

text: suicide

text: Augustus (23 September 63 BC  19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.

text: Augustus

text: September

text: BC

text: August

text: AD

text: was

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Principate

text: and

text: considered

text: the

text: first

text: Emperor

text: controlling

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: from

text: BC

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: AD

question: manner_of_death messalina

answer: suicide

text: suicide


text: A courtesy name ("zi"), also known as a style name, is a name bestowed upon one at adulthood in addition to one's given name. This practice is a tradition in East Asian cultures, including China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam.

text: courtesy

text: name

text: zi

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: style

text: name

text: is

text: name

text: bestowed

text: upon

text: one

text: at

text: adulthood

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: one

text: 's

text: given

text: name

text: This

text: practice

text: is

text: tradition

text: in

text: East

text: Asian

text: cultures

text: including

text: China

text: Japan

text: Korea

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Emperor Yang of Sui (, 569  April 11, 618), personal name Yang Guang (), alternative name Ying (), nickname Amo (), known as Emperor Ming () during the brief reign of his grandson Yang Tong), was the second son of Emperor Wen of Sui, and the second emperor of China's Sui dynasty.

text: Emperor

text: Yang

text: of

text: Sui

text: April

text: personal

text: name

text: Yang

text: Guang

text: alternative

text: name

text: Ying

text: nickname

text: Amo

text: known

text: as

text: Emperor

text: Ming

text: during

text: the

text: brief

text: reign

text: of

text: his

text: grandson

text: Yang

text: Tong

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: son

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Wen

text: of

text: Sui

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: emperor

text: of

text: China

text: 's

text: Sui

text: dynasty

text: Yang Jian ( Chinese :  ; 585 -- 618 ) , courtesy name Shiku (  ) , nickname Ahai (  ) , was an imperial prince of the Chinese Sui Dynasty . During the reign of his father Emperor Yang , he carried the title of Prince of Qi . When his father was killed in a coup led by the general Yuwen Huaji in 618 , Yang Jian and his sons were also killed .

text: Yang

text: Jian

text: Chinese

text: courtesy

text: name

text: Shiku

text: nickname

text: Ahai

text: was

text: an

text: imperial

text: prince

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Sui

text: Dynasty

text: During

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Emperor

text: Yang

text: he

text: carried

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Prince

text: of

text: Qi

text: When

text: his

text: father

text: was

text: killed

text: in

text: coup

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: general

text: Yuwen

text: Huaji

text: in

text: Yang

text: Jian

text: and

text: his

text: sons

text: were

text: also

text: killed

text: The Sui Dynasty was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties and reinstalled the rule of ethnic Han Chinese in the entire China proper, along with sinicization of former nomadic ethnic minorities within its territory. It was succeeded by the Tang dynasty, which largely inherited its foundation.

text: The

text: Sui

text: Dynasty

text: was

text: short

text: lived

text: imperial

text: dynasty

text: of

text: China

text: of

text: pivotal

text: significance

text: The

text: Sui

text: unified

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Southern

text: dynasties

text: and

text: reinstalled

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: ethnic

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: in

text: the

text: entire

text: China

text: proper

text: along

text: with

text: sinicization

text: of

text: former

text: nomadic

text: ethnic

text: minorities

text: within

text: its

text: territory

text: It

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: the

text: Tang

text: dynasty

text: which

text: largely

text: inherited

text: its

text: foundation

text: Dou Jiande (573  August 3, 621) was a leader of the agrarian rebels who rose against the rule of Emperor Yang of Sui near the end of the Chinese Sui dynasty. Generally considered the kindest and most able of the agrarian rebel leaders of the time, he was eventually able to capture the modern Hebei region and declare himself initially the Prince of Changle, and then the Prince of Xia. In 621, when the Tang dynasty general Li Shimin (later Emperor Taizong) attacked Wang Shichong the Emperor of Zheng, who ruled the modern Henan region, Dou believed that if Tang were able to destroy Zheng, his own Xia state would suffer the same fate, and therefore went to Wang's aid, against the advice of his strategist Ling Jing () and his wife Empress Cao. Li defeated him at the Battle of Hulao, capturing him. Li's father Emperor Gaozu of Tang subsequently put Dou to death. Xia territory was briefly seized by Tang, but soon Dou's general Liu Heita rose against Tang rule, recapturing Dou's territory, and held out against Tang until 623.

text: Dou

text: Jiande

text: August

text: was

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: agrarian

text: rebels

text: who

text: rose

text: against

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Yang

text: of

text: Sui

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Sui

text: dynasty

text: Generally

text: considered

text: the

text: kindest

text: and

text: most

text: able

text: of

text: the

text: agrarian

text: rebel

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: he

text: was

text: eventually

text: able

text: to

text: capture

text: the

text: modern

text: Hebei

text: region

text: and

text: declare

text: himself

text: initially

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Changle

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Xia

text: In

text: when

text: the

text: Tang

text: dynasty

text: general

text: Li

text: Shimin

text: later

text: Emperor

text: Taizong

text: attacked

text: Wang

text: Shichong

text: the

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Zheng

text: who

text: ruled

text: the

text: modern

text: Henan

text: region

text: Dou

text: believed

text: that

text: if

text: Tang

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: destroy

text: Zheng

text: his

text: own

text: Xia

text: state

text: would

text: suffer

text: the

text: same

text: fate

text: and

text: therefore

text: went

text: to

text: Wang

text: 's

text: aid

text: against

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: his

text: strategist

text: Ling

text: Jing

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Empress

text: Cao

text: Li

text: defeated

text: him

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Hulao

text: capturing

text: him

text: Li

text: 's

text: father

text: Emperor

text: Gaozu

text: of

text: Tang

text: subsequently

text: put

text: Dou

text: to

text: death

text: Xia

text: territory

text: was

text: briefly

text: seized

text: by

text: Tang

text: but

text: soon

text: Dou

text: 's

text: general

text: Liu

text: Heita

text: rose

text: against

text: Tang

text: rule

text: recapturing

text: Dou

text: 's

text: territory

text: and

text: held

text: out

text: against

text: Tang

text: until

text: Yuwen Huaji (died 619) was a general of the Chinese Sui Dynasty who, in 618, led a coup against Emperor Yang of Sui, killing him. He subsequently declared Emperor Yang's nephew Yang Hao emperor and led Emperor Yang's elite Xiaoguo Army () north, but was then repeatedly defeated by Li Mi, Li Shentong (), and finally Dou Jiande. Believing that his defeat was near and wanting to be emperor before his ultimate defeat, he poisoned Yang Hao and declared himself the emperor of a Xu state. Dou captured him in 619 and killed him.

text: Yuwen

text: Huaji

text: died

text: was

text: general

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Sui

text: Dynasty

text: who

text: in

text: led

text: coup

text: against

text: Emperor

text: Yang

text: of

text: Sui

text: killing

text: him

text: He

text: subsequently

text: declared

text: Emperor

text: Yang

text: 's

text: nephew

text: Yang

text: Hao

text: emperor

text: and

text: led

text: Emperor

text: Yang

text: 's

text: elite

text: Xiaoguo

text: Army

text: north

text: but

text: was

text: then

text: repeatedly

text: defeated

text: by

text: Li

text: Mi

text: Li

text: Shentong

text: and

text: finally

text: Dou

text: Jiande

text: Believing

text: that

text: his

text: defeat

text: was

text: near

text: and

text: wanting

text: to

text: be

text: emperor

text: before

text: his

text: ultimate

text: defeat

text: he

text: poisoned

text: Yang

text: Hao

text: and

text: declared

text: himself

text: the

text: emperor

text: of

text: Xu

text: state

text: Dou

text: captured

text: him

text: in

text: and

text: killed

text: him

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely multiple

question: father yang jian

answer: emperor yang of sui

text: emperor yang of sui

text: emperor yang of sui

text: emperor yang of sui