text:
Psychology is the study of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought. It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases. In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion (affect), intelligence, phenomenology, motivation (conation), brain functioning, and personality. This extends to interaction between people, such as interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, someespecially clinical and counseling psychologistsat times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology has been described as a "hub science", with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences, natural sciences, medicine, humanities, and philosophy.
While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity. By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society. The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical, counseling, or school settings. Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior, and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings (e.g., medical schools, hospitals). Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings, or in other areas such as human development and aging, sports, health, and the media, as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law.

text: Psychology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: behavior

text: and

text: mind

text: embracing

text: all

text: aspects

text: of

text: conscious

text: and

text: unconscious

text: experience

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: thought

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: academic

text: discipline

text: and

text: social

text: science

text: which

text: seeks

text: to

text: understand

text: individuals

text: and

text: groups

text: by

text: establishing

text: general

text: principles

text: and

text: researching

text: specific

text: cases

text: In

text: this

text: field

text: professional

text: or

text: researcher

text: is

text: called

text: psychologist

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: social

text: behavioral

text: or

text: cognitive

text: scientist

text: Psychologists

text: attempt

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: mental

text: functions

text: in

text: individual

text: and

text: social

text: behavior

text: while

text: also

text: exploring

text: the

text: physiological

text: and

text: biological

text: processes

text: that

text: underlie

text: cognitive

text: functions

text: and

text: behaviors

text: Psychologists

text: explore

text: behavior

text: and

text: mental

text: processes

text: including

text: perception

text: cognition

text: attention

text: emotion

text: affect

text: intelligence

text: phenomenology

text: motivation

text: conation

text: brain

text: functioning

text: and

text: personality

text: This

text: extends

text: to

text: interaction

text: between

text: people

text: such

text: as

text: interpersonal

text: relationships

text: including

text: psychological

text: resilience

text: family

text: resilience

text: and

text: other

text: areas

text: Psychologists

text: of

text: diverse

text: orientations

text: also

text: consider

text: the

text: unconscious

text: mind

text: Psychologists

text: employ

text: empirical

text: methods

text: to

text: infer

text: causal

text: and

text: correlational

text: relationships

text: between

text: psychosocial

text: variables

text: In

text: addition

text: or

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: employing

text: empirical

text: and

text: deductive

text: methods

text: someespecially

text: clinical

text: and

text: counseling

text: psychologistsat

text: times

text: rely

text: upon

text: symbolic

text: interpretation

text: and

text: other

text: inductive

text: techniques

text: Psychology

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: hub

text: science

text: with

text: psychological

text: findings

text: linking

text: to

text: research

text: and

text: perspectives

text: from

text: the

text: social

text: sciences

text: natural

text: sciences

text: medicine

text: humanities

text: and

text: philosophy

text: While

text: psychological

text: knowledge

text: is

text: often

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: assessment

text: and

text: treatment

text: of

text: mental

text: health

text: problems

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: directed

text: towards

text: understanding

text: and

text: solving

text: problems

text: in

text: several

text: spheres

text: of

text: human

text: activity

text: By

text: many

text: accounts

text: psychology

text: ultimately

text: aims

text: to

text: benefit

text: society

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: psychologists

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: some

text: kind

text: of

text: therapeutic

text: role

text: practicing

text: in

text: clinical

text: counseling

text: or

text: school

text: settings

text: Many

text: do

text: scientific

text: research

text: on

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: topics

text: related

text: to

text: mental

text: processes

text: and

text: behavior

text: and

text: typically

text: work

text: in

text: university

text: psychology

text: departments

text: or

text: teach

text: in

text: other

text: academic

text: settings

text: e.g.

text: medical

text: schools

text: hospitals

text: Some

text: are

text: employed

text: in

text: industrial

text: and

text: organizational

text: settings

text: or

text: in

text: other

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: human

text: development

text: and

text: aging

text: sports

text: health

text: and

text: the

text: media

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: forensic

text: investigation

text: and

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: law

text:
The phrase nature and nurture relates to the relative importance of an individual's innate qualities ("nature" in the sense of nativism or innatism) as compared to an individual's personal experiences ("nurture" in the sense of empiricism or behaviorism) in causing individual differences, especially in behavioral traits. The alliterative expression "nature and nurture" in English has been in use since at least the Elizabethan period and goes back to medieval French.
The combination of the two concepts as complementary is ancient (Greek: ).

text: The

text: phrase

text: nature

text: and

text: nurture

text: relates

text: to

text: the

text: relative

text: importance

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: innate

text: qualities

text: nature

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: nativism

text: or

text: innatism

text: as

text: compared

text: to

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: personal

text: experiences

text: nurture

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: empiricism

text: or

text: behaviorism

text: in

text: causing

text: individual

text: differences

text: especially

text: in

text: behavioral

text: traits

text: The

text: alliterative

text: expression

text: nature

text: and

text: nurture

text: in

text: English

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: Elizabethan

text: period

text: and

text: goes

text: back

text: to

text: medieval

text: French

text: The

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: concepts

text: as

text: complementary

text: is

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636, whose history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities.

text: Harvard

text: University

text: is

text: private

text: Ivy

text: League

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: Massachusetts

text: established

text: in

text: whose

text: history

text: influence

text: and

text: wealth

text: have

text: made

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: prestigious

text: universities

text: Perception (from the Latin "perceptio, percipio") is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. All perception involves signals in the nervous system, which in turn result from physical or chemical stimulation of the sense organs. For example, vision involves light striking the retina of the eye, smell is mediated by odor molecules, and hearing involves pressure waves. Perception is not the passive receipt of these signals, but is shaped by learning, memory, expectation, and attention.

text: Perception

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: perceptio

text: percipio

text: is

text: the

text: organization

text: identification

text: and

text: interpretation

text: of

text: sensory

text: information

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: represent

text: and

text: understand

text: the

text: environment

text: All

text: perception

text: involves

text: signals

text: in

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: result

text: from

text: physical

text: or

text: chemical

text: stimulation

text: of

text: the

text: sense

text: organs

text: For

text: example

text: vision

text: involves

text: light

text: striking

text: the

text: retina

text: of

text: the

text: eye

text: smell

text: is

text: mediated

text: by

text: odor

text: molecules

text: and

text: hearing

text: involves

text: pressure

text: waves

text: Perception

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: passive

text: receipt

text: of

text: these

text: signals

text: but

text: is

text: shaped

text: by

text: learning

text: memory

text: expectation

text: and

text: attention

text: Experience is the knowledge or mastery of an event or subject gained through involvement in or exposure to it. Terms in philosophy such as "empirical knowledge" or ""a posteriori" knowledge" are used to refer to knowledge based on experience. A person with considerable experience in a specific field can gain a reputation as an expert.The concept of experience generally refers to know-how or procedural knowledge, rather than propositional knowledge: on-the-job training rather than book-learning.

text: Experience

text: is

text: the

text: knowledge

text: or

text: mastery

text: of

text: an

text: event

text: or

text: subject

text: gained

text: through

text: involvement

text: in

text: or

text: exposure

text: to

text: it

text: Terms

text: in

text: philosophy

text: such

text: as

text: empirical

text: knowledge

text: or

text: posteriori

text: knowledge

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: knowledge

text: based

text: on

text: experience

text: person

text: with

text: considerable

text: experience

text: in

text: specific

text: field

text: can

text: gain

text: reputation

text: as

text: an

text: expert

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: experience

text: generally

text: refers

text: to

text: know

text: how

text: or

text: procedural

text: knowledge

text: rather

text: than

text: propositional

text: knowledge

text: on

text: the

text: job

text: training

text: rather

text: than

text: book

text: learning

text: A gold medal is a medal awarded for highest achievement in a non-military field. Its name derives from the use of at least a fraction of gold in form of plating or alloying in its manufacture.

text: gold

text: medal

text: is

text: medal

text: awarded

text: for

text: highest

text: achievement

text: in

text: non

text: military

text: field

text: Its

text: name

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: fraction

text: of

text: gold

text: in

text: form

text: of

text: plating

text: or

text: alloying

text: in

text: its

text: manufacture

text: Steven Arthur "Steve" Pinker (born September 18, 1954) is a Canadian-born American cognitive scientist, psychologist, linguist, and popular science author. He is Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, and is known for his advocacy of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of mind.

text: Steven

text: Arthur

text: Steve

text: Pinker

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: Canadian

text: born

text: American

text: cognitive

text: scientist

text: psychologist

text: linguist

text: and

text: popular

text: science

text: author

text: He

text: is

text: Johnstone

text: Family

text: Professor

text: in

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Psychology

text: at

text: Harvard

text: University

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: advocacy

text: of

text: evolutionary

text: psychology

text: and

text: the

text: computational

text: theory

text: of

text: mind

text: Evolutionary psychology (EP) is a theoretical approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective. It seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations  that is, the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection in human evolution. Adaptationist thinking about physiological mechanisms, such as the heart, lungs, and immune system, is common in evolutionary biology. Some evolutionary psychologists apply the same thinking to psychology, arguing that the modularity of mind is similar to that of the body and with different modular adaptations serving different functions. Evolutionary psychologists argue that much of human behavior is the output of psychological adaptations that evolved to solve recurrent problems in human ancestral environments.

text: Evolutionary

text: psychology

text: EP

text: is

text: theoretical

text: approach

text: in

text: the

text: social

text: and

text: natural

text: sciences

text: that

text: examines

text: psychological

text: structure

text: from

text: modern

text: evolutionary

text: perspective

text: It

text: seeks

text: to

text: identify

text: which

text: human

text: psychological

text: traits

text: are

text: evolved

text: adaptations

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: functional

text: products

text: of

text: natural

text: selection

text: or

text: sexual

text: selection

text: in

text: human

text: evolution

text: Adaptationist

text: thinking

text: about

text: physiological

text: mechanisms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: heart

text: lungs

text: and

text: immune

text: system

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: evolutionary

text: biology

text: Some

text: evolutionary

text: psychologists

text: apply

text: the

text: same

text: thinking

text: to

text: psychology

text: arguing

text: that

text: the

text: modularity

text: of

text: mind

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: and

text: with

text: different

text: modular

text: adaptations

text: serving

text: different

text: functions

text: Evolutionary

text: psychologists

text: argue

text: that

text: much

text: of

text: human

text: behavior

text: is

text: the

text: output

text: of

text: psychological

text: adaptations

text: that

text: evolved

text: to

text: solve

text: recurrent

text: problems

text: in

text: human

text: ancestral

text: environments

text: The Blank Slate : The Modern Denial of Human Nature is a best - selling 2002 book by Steven Pinker arguing against tabula rasa models in the social sciences . Pinker argues that human behavior is substantially shaped by evolutionary psychological adaptations . The book was nominated for the 2003 Aventis Prizes and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize .

text: The

text: Blank

text: Slate

text: The

text: Modern

text: Denial

text: of

text: Human

text: Nature

text: is

text: best

text: selling

text: book

text: by

text: Steven

text: Pinker

text: arguing

text: against

text: tabula

text: rasa

text: models

text: in

text: the

text: social

text: sciences

text: Pinker

text: argues

text: that

text: human

text: behavior

text: is

text: substantially

text: shaped

text: by

text: evolutionary

text: psychological

text: adaptations

text: The

text: book

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: the

text: Aventis

text: Prizes

text: and

text: was

text: finalist

text: for

text: the

text: Pulitzer

text: Prize

text: Tabula rasa refers to the epistemological idea that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that therefore all knowledge comes from experience or perception. Proponents of tabula rasa generally disagree with the doctrine of Innatism which holds that the mind is born already in possession of certain knowledge. Generally, proponents of the "tabula rasa" theory also favor the "nurture" side of the nature versus nurture debate when it comes to aspects of one's personality, social and emotional behavior, knowledge and sapience.

text: Tabula

text: rasa

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: epistemological

text: idea

text: that

text: individuals

text: are

text: born

text: without

text: built

text: in

text: mental

text: content

text: and

text: that

text: therefore

text: all

text: knowledge

text: comes

text: from

text: experience

text: or

text: perception

text: Proponents

text: of

text: tabula

text: rasa

text: generally

text: disagree

text: with

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: Innatism

text: which

text: holds

text: that

text: the

text: mind

text: is

text: born

text: already

text: in

text: possession

text: of

text: certain

text: knowledge

text: Generally

text: proponents

text: of

text: the

text: tabula

text: rasa

text: theory

text: also

text: favor

text: the

text: nurture

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: nature

text: versus

text: nurture

text: debate

text: when

text: it

text: comes

text: to

text: aspects

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: personality

text: social

text: and

text: emotional

text: behavior

text: knowledge

text: and

text: sapience

text: Joseph Pulitzer (born József Pulitzer; April 10, 1847  October 29, 1911) was a Hungarian-American newspaper publisher of the "St. Louis Post Dispatch" and the "New York World". Pulitzer introduced the techniques of yellow journalism to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880s. He became a leading national figure in the Democratic Party and was elected congressman from New York. He crusaded against big business and corruption, and helped keep the Statue of Liberty in New York.

text: Joseph

text: Pulitzer

text: born

text: József

text: Pulitzer

text: April

text: October

text: was

text: Hungarian

text: American

text: newspaper

text: publisher

text: of

text: the

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Post

text: Dispatch

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: World

text: Pulitzer

text: introduced

text: the

text: techniques

text: of

text: yellow

text: journalism

text: to

text: the

text: newspapers

text: he

text: acquired

text: in

text: the

text: He

text: became

text: leading

text: national

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: and

text: was

text: elected

text: congressman

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: He

text: crusaded

text: against

text: big

text: business

text: and

text: corruption

text: and

text: helped

text: keep

text: the

text: Statue

text: of

text: Liberty

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: A magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, which is printed or electronically published (sometimes referred to as an online magazine). Magazines are generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by prepaid subscriptions, or a combination of the three.At its root, the word "magazine" refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles. This explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearms magazines, and, in French, retail stores such as department stores.

text: magazine

text: is

text: publication

text: usually

text: periodical

text: publication

text: which

text: is

text: printed

text: or

text: electronically

text: published

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: an

text: online

text: magazine

text: Magazines

text: are

text: generally

text: published

text: on

text: regular

text: schedule

text: and

text: contain

text: variety

text: of

text: content

text: They

text: are

text: generally

text: financed

text: by

text: advertising

text: by

text: purchase

text: price

text: by

text: prepaid

text: subscriptions

text: or

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: At

text: its

text: root

text: the

text: word

text: magazine

text: refers

text: to

text: collection

text: or

text: storage

text: location

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: written

text: publication

text: it

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: written

text: articles

text: This

text: explains

text: why

text: magazine

text: publications

text: share

text: the

text: word

text: root

text: with

text: gunpowder

text: magazines

text: artillery

text: magazines

text: firearms

text: magazines

text: and

text: in

text: French

text: retail

text: stores

text: such

text: as

text: department

text: stores

text: Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, either a song or an instrumental music piece, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating or writing a new song or piece of music. People who create new compositions are called composers in classical music. In popular music and traditional music, the creators of new songs are usually called songwriters; with songs, the person who writes new words for a song is the lyricist. "Composition" is the act or practice of creating a song or other piece of music. In many cultures, including Western classical music, the act of composing typically includes the creation of music notation, such as a sheet music "score", which is then performed by the composer or by other instrumental musicians or singers. In popular music and traditional music, songwriting may involve the creation of a basic outline of the song, called the lead sheet, which sets out the melody, lyrics and chord progression. In classical music, orchestration (choosing the instruments of a large music ensemble such as an orchestra which will play the different parts of music, such as the melody, accompaniment, countermelody, bassline and so on) is typically done by the composer, but in musical theatre and in pop music, songwriters may hire an arranger to do the orchestration. In some cases, a pop or traditional songwriter may not use written notation at all, and instead compose the song in her mind and then play, sing and/or record it from memory. In jazz and popular music, notable sound recordings by influential performers are given the weight that written or printed scores play in classical music.

text: Musical

text: composition

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: an

text: original

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: either

text: song

text: or

text: an

text: instrumental

text: music

text: piece

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: musical

text: piece

text: or

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: creating

text: or

text: writing

text: new

text: song

text: or

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: People

text: who

text: create

text: new

text: compositions

text: are

text: called

text: composers

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: In

text: popular

text: music

text: and

text: traditional

text: music

text: the

text: creators

text: of

text: new

text: songs

text: are

text: usually

text: called

text: songwriters

text: with

text: songs

text: the

text: person

text: who

text: writes

text: new

text: words

text: for

text: song

text: is

text: the

text: lyricist

text: Composition

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: or

text: practice

text: of

text: creating

text: song

text: or

text: other

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: In

text: many

text: cultures

text: including

text: Western

text: classical

text: music

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: composing

text: typically

text: includes

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: music

text: notation

text: such

text: as

text: sheet

text: music

text: score

text: which

text: is

text: then

text: performed

text: by

text: the

text: composer

text: or

text: by

text: other

text: instrumental

text: musicians

text: or

text: singers

text: In

text: popular

text: music

text: and

text: traditional

text: music

text: songwriting

text: may

text: involve

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: basic

text: outline

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: called

text: the

text: lead

text: sheet

text: which

text: sets

text: out

text: the

text: melody

text: lyrics

text: and

text: chord

text: progression

text: In

text: classical

text: music

text: orchestration

text: choosing

text: the

text: instruments

text: of

text: large

text: music

text: ensemble

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: orchestra

text: which

text: will

text: play

text: the

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: melody

text: accompaniment

text: countermelody

text: bassline

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: is

text: typically

text: done

text: by

text: the

text: composer

text: but

text: in

text: musical

text: theatre

text: and

text: in

text: pop

text: music

text: songwriters

text: may

text: hire

text: an

text: arranger

text: to

text: do

text: the

text: orchestration

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: pop

text: or

text: traditional

text: songwriter

text: may

text: not

text: use

text: written

text: notation

text: at

text: all

text: and

text: instead

text: compose

text: the

text: song

text: in

text: her

text: mind

text: and

text: then

text: play

text: sing

text: and/or

text: record

text: it

text: from

text: memory

text: In

text: jazz

text: and

text: popular

text: music

text: notable

text: sound

text: recordings

text: by

text: influential

text: performers

text: are

text: given

text: the

text: weight

text: that

text: written

text: or

text: printed

text: scores

text: play

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: Popular Science (also known as PopSci) is an American bi-monthly magazine carrying popular science content, which refers to articles for the general reader on science and technology subjects. "Popular Science" has won over 58 awards, including the American Society of Magazine Editors awards for its journalistic excellence in both 2003 (for General Excellence) and 2004 (for Best Magazine Section). With roots beginning in 1872, "PopSci" has been translated into over 30 languages and is distributed to at least 45 countries.

text: Popular

text: Science

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: PopSci

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: bi

text: monthly

text: magazine

text: carrying

text: popular

text: science

text: content

text: which

text: refers

text: to

text: articles

text: for

text: the

text: general

text: reader

text: on

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: subjects

text: Popular

text: Science

text: has

text: won

text: over

text: awards

text: including

text: the

text: American

text: Society

text: of

text: Magazine

text: Editors

text: awards

text: for

text: its

text: journalistic

text: excellence

text: in

text: both

text: for

text: General

text: Excellence

text: and

text: for

text: Best

text: Magazine

text: Section

text: With

text: roots

text: beginning

text: in

text: PopSci

text: has

text: been

text: translated

text: into

text: over

text: languages

text: and

text: is

text: distributed

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: countries

text: Columbia University (officially Columbia University in the City of New York) is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City. It was established in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain. Columbia is the oldest college in the state of New York and the fifth chartered institution of higher learning in the country, making it one of nine colonial colleges founded before the Declaration of Independence. After the American Revolutionary War, King's College briefly became a state entity, and was renamed Columbia College in 1784. A 1787 charter placed the institution under a private board of trustees before it was renamed Columbia University in 1896 when the campus was moved from Madison Avenue to its current location in Morningside Heights occupying of land. Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities, and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.D. degree.

text: Columbia

text: University

text: officially

text: Columbia

text: University

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: private

text: Ivy

text: League

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Upper

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: as

text: King

text: 's

text: College

text: by

text: royal

text: charter

text: of

text: George

text: II

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Columbia

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: college

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: chartered

text: institution

text: of

text: higher

text: learning

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: making

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: nine

text: colonial

text: colleges

text: founded

text: before

text: the

text: Declaration

text: of

text: Independence

text: After

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: King

text: 's

text: College

text: briefly

text: became

text: state

text: entity

text: and

text: was

text: renamed

text: Columbia

text: College

text: in

text: charter

text: placed

text: the

text: institution

text: under

text: private

text: board

text: of

text: trustees

text: before

text: it

text: was

text: renamed

text: Columbia

text: University

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: campus

text: was

text: moved

text: from

text: Madison

text: Avenue

text: to

text: its

text: current

text: location

text: in

text: Morningside

text: Heights

text: occupying

text: of

text: land

text: Columbia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fourteen

text: founding

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Association

text: of

text: American

text: Universities

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: school

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: grant

text: the

text: M.D.

text: degree

text: A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles (listed below) about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as newsprint. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print. The online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly. News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news. The news includes political events and personalities, business and finance, crime, weather, and natural disasters; health and medicine, science, and computers and technology; sports; and entertainment, society, food and cooking, clothing and home fashion, and the arts.

text: newspaper

text: is

text: serial

text: publication

text: containing

text: news

text: about

text: current

text: events

text: other

text: informative

text: articles

text: listed

text: below

text: about

text: politics

text: sports

text: arts

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: and

text: advertising

text: newspaper

text: is

text: usually

text: but

text: not

text: exclusively

text: printed

text: on

text: relatively

text: inexpensive

text: low

text: grade

text: paper

text: such

text: as

text: newsprint

text: The

text: journalism

text: organizations

text: that

text: publish

text: newspapers

text: are

text: themselves

text: often

text: metonymically

text: called

text: newspapers

text: As

text: of

text: most

text: newspapers

text: are

text: now

text: published

text: online

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: print

text: The

text: online

text: versions

text: are

text: called

text: online

text: newspapers

text: or

text: news

text: websites

text: Newspapers

text: are

text: typically

text: published

text: daily

text: or

text: weekly

text: News

text: magazines

text: are

text: also

text: weekly

text: but

text: they

text: have

text: magazine

text: format

text: General

text: interest

text: newspapers

text: typically

text: publish

text: news

text: articles

text: and

text: feature

text: articles

text: on

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: news

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: local

text: news

text: The

text: news

text: includes

text: political

text: events

text: and

text: personalities

text: business

text: and

text: finance

text: crime

text: weather

text: and

text: natural

text: disasters

text: health

text: and

text: medicine

text: science

text: and

text: computers

text: and

text: technology

text: sports

text: and

text: entertainment

text: society

text: food

text: and

text: cooking

text: clothing

text: and

text: home

text: fashion

text: and

text: the

text: arts

text: Literature, in its broadest sense, is any single body of written works. More restrictively, it is writing considered as an art form, or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage. Its Latin root "literatura"/"litteratura" (derived itself from "littera": "letter" or "handwriting") was used to refer to all written accounts, though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung (oral literature). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).

text: Literature

text: in

text: its

text: broadest

text: sense

text: is

text: any

text: single

text: body

text: of

text: written

text: works

text: More

text: restrictively

text: it

text: is

text: writing

text: considered

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: or

text: any

text: single

text: writing

text: deemed

text: to

text: have

text: artistic

text: or

text: intellectual

text: value

text: often

text: due

text: to

text: deploying

text: language

text: in

text: ways

text: that

text: differ

text: from

text: ordinary

text: usage

text: Its

text: Latin

text: root

text: literatura"/"litteratura

text: derived

text: itself

text: from

text: littera

text: letter

text: or

text: handwriting

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: all

text: written

text: accounts

text: though

text: contemporary

text: definitions

text: extend

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: include

text: texts

text: that

text: are

text: spoken

text: or

text: sung

text: oral

text: literature

text: Literature

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: according

text: to

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: fiction

text: or

text: non

text: fiction

text: and

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: poetry

text: or

text: prose

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: further

text: distinguished

text: according

text: to

text: major

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: novel

text: short

text: story

text: or

text: drama

text: and

text: works

text: are

text: often

text: categorized

text: according

text: to

text: historical

text: periods

text: or

text: their

text: adherence

text: to

text: certain

text: aesthetic

text: features

text: or

text: expectations

text: genre

text: The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American (Hungarian-born) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher, and is administered by Columbia University in New York City. Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each winner receives a certificate and a US$15,000 cash award (raised from $10,000 starting in 2017). The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal.

text: The

text: Pulitzer

text: Prize

text: is

text: an

text: award

text: for

text: achievements

text: in

text: newspaper

text: magazine

text: and

text: online

text: journalism

text: literature

text: and

text: musical

text: composition

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: provisions

text: in

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: American

text: Hungarian

text: born

text: Joseph

text: Pulitzer

text: who

text: had

text: made

text: his

text: fortune

text: as

text: newspaper

text: publisher

text: and

text: is

text: administered

text: by

text: Columbia

text: University

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Prizes

text: are

text: awarded

text: yearly

text: in

text: twenty

text: one

text: categories

text: In

text: twenty

text: of

text: the

text: categories

text: each

text: winner

text: receives

text: certificate

text: and

text: US$

text: cash

text: award

text: raised

text: from

text: starting

text: in

text: The

text: winner

text: in

text: the

text: public

text: service

text: category

text: of

text: the

text: journalism

text: competition

text: is

text: awarded

text: gold

text: medal

text: A psychologist is a professional who evaluates and studies behavior and mental processes (see also psychology). Typically, psychologists must have completed a university degree in psychology, which is a master's degree in some countries and a doctorate in others. This definition of psychologist is non-exclusive; in most jurisdictions, members of other professions (such as counselors and psychiatrists) can also evaluate, diagnose, treat, and study mental processes. Some psychologists, such as clinical and counseling psychologists, provide mental health care, and some psychologists, such as social or organizational psychologists conduct research and provide consultation services.

text: psychologist

text: is

text: professional

text: who

text: evaluates

text: and

text: studies

text: behavior

text: and

text: mental

text: processes

text: see

text: also

text: psychology

text: Typically

text: psychologists

text: must

text: have

text: completed

text: university

text: degree

text: in

text: psychology

text: which

text: is

text: master

text: 's

text: degree

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: and

text: doctorate

text: in

text: others

text: This

text: definition

text: of

text: psychologist

text: is

text: non

text: exclusive

text: in

text: most

text: jurisdictions

text: members

text: of

text: other

text: professions

text: such

text: as

text: counselors

text: and

text: psychiatrists

text: can

text: also

text: evaluate

text: diagnose

text: treat

text: and

text: study

text: mental

text: processes

text: Some

text: psychologists

text: such

text: as

text: clinical

text: and

text: counseling

text: psychologists

text: provide

text: mental

text: health

text: care

text: and

text: some

text: psychologists

text: such

text: as

text: social

text: or

text: organizational

text: psychologists

text: conduct

text: research

text: and

text: provide

text: consultation

text: services

text: The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: often

text: called

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: or

text: simply

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomerations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: global

text: power

text: city

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exerts

text: significant

text: impact

text: upon

text: commerce

text: finance

text: media

text: art

text: fashion

text: research

text: technology

text: education

text: and

text: entertainment

text: its

text: fast

text: pace

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: New

text: York

text: minute

text: Home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: international

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: financial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: In philosophy, a computational theory of mind names a view that the human mind or the human brain (or both) is an information processing system and that thinking is a form of computing. The theory was proposed in its modern form by Hilary Putnam in 1961, and developed by the MIT philosopher and cognitive scientist Jerry Fodor (who was Putnam's PhD student) in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Despite being vigorously disputed in analytic philosophy in the 1990s (due to work by Putnam himself, John Searle, and others), the view is common in modern cognitive psychology and is presumed by many theorists of evolutionary psychology; in the 2000s and 2010s the view has resurfaced in analytic philosophy (Scheutz 2003, Edelman 2008).

text: In

text: philosophy

text: computational

text: theory

text: of

text: mind

text: names

text: view

text: that

text: the

text: human

text: mind

text: or

text: the

text: human

text: brain

text: or

text: both

text: is

text: an

text: information

text: processing

text: system

text: and

text: that

text: thinking

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: computing

text: The

text: theory

text: was

text: proposed

text: in

text: its

text: modern

text: form

text: by

text: Hilary

text: Putnam

text: in

text: and

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: MIT

text: philosopher

text: and

text: cognitive

text: scientist

text: Jerry

text: Fodor

text: who

text: was

text: Putnam

text: 's

text: PhD

text: student

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Despite

text: being

text: vigorously

text: disputed

text: in

text: analytic

text: philosophy

text: in

text: the

text: due

text: to

text: work

text: by

text: Putnam

text: himself

text: John

text: Searle

text: and

text: others

text: the

text: view

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: modern

text: cognitive

text: psychology

text: and

text: is

text: presumed

text: by

text: many

text: theorists

text: of

text: evolutionary

text: psychology

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: view

text: has

text: resurfaced

text: in

text: analytic

text: philosophy

text: Scheutz

text: Edelman

annotations: likely multiple

question: genre the blank slate

answer: popular science

text: popular science

text: popular science

text: popular science

text: popular science


text: Albania (; ), officially the Republic of Albania, is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe. It has a population of 3.03 million as of 2016. Tirana is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Durrës and Vlorë. Albania is located in the south-western part of the Balkan peninsula, bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south and southeast. The country has a coastline on the northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea to the west and the Ionian Sea to the southwest where the Albanian Riviera begins. Albania is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which connects the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.

text: Albania

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Albania

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: as

text: of

text: Tirana

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: followed

text: by

text: Durrës

text: and

text: Vlorë

text: Albania

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: bordered

text: by

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Kosovo

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southeast

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: coastline

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: where

text: the

text: Albanian

text: Riviera

text: begins

text: Albania

text: is

text: less

text: than

text: from

text: Italy

text: across

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Otranto

text: which

text: connects

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Sea

text: Bosnia and Herzegovina (or ; B&H; Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian: "Bosna i Hercegovina" / a   ), sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), and, in short, often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula. Sarajevo is the capital and largest city. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west, and south; Serbia to the east; Montenegro to the southeast; and the Adriatic Sea to the south, with a coastline about long surrounding the city of Neum. In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and the northeast is predominantly flatland. The inland is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate, with hot summers and cold and snowy winters. The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography.

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: or

text: B&H

text: Bosnian

text: Croatian

text: Serbian

text: Bosna

text: Hercegovina

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: BiH

text: and

text: in

text: short

text: often

text: known

text: informally

text: as

text: Bosnia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: Peninsula

text: Sarajevo

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Bordered

text: by

text: Croatia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: Serbia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: with

text: coastline

text: about

text: long

text: surrounding

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Neum

text: In

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: eastern

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: the

text: geography

text: is

text: mountainous

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: it

text: is

text: moderately

text: hilly

text: and

text: the

text: northeast

text: is

text: predominantly

text: flatland

text: The

text: inland

text: is

text: geographically

text: larger

text: region

text: and

text: has

text: moderate

text: continental

text: climate

text: with

text: hot

text: summers

text: and

text: cold

text: and

text: snowy

text: winters

text: The

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: and

text: plain

text: topography

text: The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia. The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands, mostly located along its eastern, Croatian, coast. It is divided into three basins, the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest, with a maximum depth of . The Otranto Sill, an underwater ridge, is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto, along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western (Italian) coast. Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight, although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally. The Adriatic's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean's because the Adriatic collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean, acting as a dilution basin. The surface water temperatures generally range from in summer to in winter, significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin's climate.

text: The

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: separating

text: the

text: Italian

text: Peninsula

text: from

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: and

text: the

text: Apennine

text: Mountains

text: from

text: the

text: Dinaric

text: Alps

text: and

text: adjacent

text: ranges

text: The

text: Adriatic

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: extending

text: from

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Otranto

text: where

text: it

text: connects

text: to

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: the

text: Po

text: Valley

text: The

text: countries

text: with

text: coasts

text: on

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: are

text: Albania

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: Croatia

text: Greece

text: Italy

text: Montenegro

text: and

text: Slovenia

text: The

text: Adriatic

text: contains

text: over

text: islands

text: mostly

text: located

text: along

text: its

text: eastern

text: Croatian

text: coast

text: It

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: basins

text: the

text: northern

text: being

text: the

text: shallowest

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: being

text: the

text: deepest

text: with

text: maximum

text: depth

text: of

text: The

text: Otranto

text: Sill

text: an

text: underwater

text: ridge

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: and

text: Ionian

text: Seas

text: The

text: prevailing

text: currents

text: flow

text: counterclockwise

text: from

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Otranto

text: along

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: and

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: strait

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: Italian

text: coast

text: Tidal

text: movements

text: in

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: are

text: slight

text: although

text: larger

text: amplitudes

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: occur

text: occasionally

text: The

text: Adriatic

text: 's

text: salinity

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: 's

text: because

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: collects

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: fresh

text: water

text: flowing

text: into

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: acting

text: as

text: dilution

text: basin

text: The

text: surface

text: water

text: temperatures

text: generally

text: range

text: from

text: in

text: summer

text: to

text: in

text: winter

text: significantly

text: moderating

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Basin

text: 's

text: climate

text: Kosovo  is a disputed territory and partially recognised state in Southeast Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo is landlocked in the central Balkan Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pristina. It is bordered by the Republic of Macedonia and Albania to the south, Montenegro to the west, and the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east. While Serbia recognises administration of the territory by Kosovo's elected government, it still continues to claim it as its own Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.

text: Kosovo

text: is

text: disputed

text: territory

text: and

text: partially

text: recognised

text: state

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: that

text: declared

text: independence

text: from

text: Serbia

text: in

text: February

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Kosovo

text: Kosovo

text: is

text: landlocked

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: Balkan

text: Peninsula

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Pristina

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: Albania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: uncontested

text: territory

text: of

text: Serbia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: While

text: Serbia

text: recognises

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: by

text: Kosovo

text: 's

text: elected

text: government

text: it

text: still

text: continues

text: to

text: claim

text: it

text: as

text: its

text: own

text: Autonomous

text: Province

text: of

text: Kosovo

text: and

text: Metohija

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a sovereign state between Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean. Its capital city is Zagreb, which forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with its twenty counties. Croatia covers and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.28 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.

text: Croatia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Croatia

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: between

text: Central

text: Europe

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Zagreb

text: which

text: forms

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: primary

text: subdivisions

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: twenty

text: counties

text: Croatia

text: covers

text: and

text: has

text: diverse

text: mostly

text: continental

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climates

text: Croatia

text: 's

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: coast

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: thousand

text: islands

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: Croats

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: religious

text: denomination

text: being

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO  '), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. Three NATO members are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and are officially nuclear-weapon states: the United States, France and the United Kingdom. NATO's headquarters are located in Haren, Brussels, Belgium, where the Supreme Allied Commander also resides. Belgium is one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe, the newest of which, Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009. An additional 22 countries participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace program, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the global total. Members' defence spending is supposed to amount to 2% of GDP.

text: The

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Alliance

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: military

text: alliance

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: which

text: was

text: signed

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: organization

text: constitutes

text: system

text: of

text: collective

text: defence

text: whereby

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: agree

text: to

text: mutual

text: defence

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: an

text: attack

text: by

text: any

text: external

text: party

text: Three

text: NATO

text: members

text: are

text: permanent

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: veto

text: and

text: are

text: officially

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: states

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: NATO

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Haren

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

text: where

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: also

text: resides

text: Belgium

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: across

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: the

text: newest

text: of

text: which

text: Albania

text: and

text: Croatia

text: joined

text: in

text: April

text: An

text: additional

text: countries

text: participate

text: in

text: NATO

text: 's

text: Partnership

text: for

text: Peace

text: program

text: with

text: other

text: countries

text: involved

text: in

text: institutionalized

text: dialogue

text: programmes

text: The

text: combined

text: military

text: spending

text: of

text: all

text: NATO

text: members

text: constitutes

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: total

text: Members

text: defence

text: spending

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: amount

text: to

text: of

text: GDP

text: Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels which is the capital of Belgium. The Brussels-Capital Region is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community, but is separate from the region of Flanders (in which it forms an enclave) or Wallonia. The region has a population of 1.2 million and a metropolitan area with a population of over 1.8 million, the largest in Belgium.

text: Brussels

text: officially

text: the

text: Brussels

text: Capital

text: Region

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: Belgium

text: comprising

text: municipalities

text: including

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Brussels

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Belgium

text: The

text: Brussels

text: Capital

text: Region

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: French

text: Community

text: of

text: Belgium

text: and

text: the

text: Flemish

text: Community

text: but

text: is

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Flanders

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: forms

text: an

text: enclave

text: or

text: Wallonia

text: The

text: region

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Belgium

text:
The Parliament of Montenegro (Montenegrin:    / "Skupština Crne Gore") is the unicameral legislature of Montenegro. The Parliament currently has 81 members, elected for a four-year term. Following the 2006 independence referendum, the Parliament declared and ratified the independence of Montenegro on 3 June 2006. The system of the house is proportional representation.
The current Speaker of the Parliament is Ivan Brajovi (SD), while Deputy Speakers are Branimir Gvozdenovi (DPS) and Genci Nimanbegu (FORCA). Opposition is awarded the remaining Deputy Speaker seat, which is currently vacant due to the ongoing boycott of 39 opposition MPs following the alleged electoral fraud which took place during the latest parliamentary election.

text: The

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Montenegro

text: Montenegrin

text: Skupština

text: Crne

text: Gore

text: is

text: the

text: unicameral

text: legislature

text: of

text: Montenegro

text: The

text: Parliament

text: currently

text: has

text: members

text: elected

text: for

text: four

text: year

text: term

text: Following

text: the

text: independence

text: referendum

text: the

text: Parliament

text: declared

text: and

text: ratified

text: the

text: independence

text: of

text: Montenegro

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: system

text: of

text: the

text: house

text: is

text: proportional

text: representation

text: The

text: current

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: Parliament

text: is

text: Ivan

text: Brajovi

text: SD

text: while

text: Deputy

text: Speakers

text: are

text: Branimir

text: Gvozdenovi

text: DPS

text: and

text: Genci

text: Nimanbegu

text: FORCA

text: Opposition

text: is

text: awarded

text: the

text: remaining

text: Deputy

text: Speaker

text: seat

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: vacant

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: ongoing

text: boycott

text: of

text: opposition

text: MPs

text: following

text: the

text: alleged

text: electoral

text: fraud

text: which

text: took

text: place

text: during

text: the

text: latest

text: parliamentary

text: election

text: The Socialist People 's Party of Montenegro ( Montenegrin / Serbian :      , Socijalistika narodna partija Crne Gore ) is a social conservative , economically left - wing opposition political party in Montenegro . It has 9 MPs in the Parliament of Montenegro , which it won in the 2012 parliamentary election . Currently the second largest opposition party , it is pro-European Union and anti-NATO .

text: The

text: Socialist

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: of

text: Montenegro

text: Montenegrin

text: Serbian

text: Socijalistika

text: narodna

text: partija

text: Crne

text: Gore

text: is

text: social

text: conservative

text: economically

text: left

text: wing

text: opposition

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: Montenegro

text: It

text: has

text: MPs

text: in

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Montenegro

text: which

text: it

text: won

text: in

text: the

text: parliamentary

text: election

text: Currently

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: opposition

text: party

text: it

text: is

text: pro

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: anti

text: NATO

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Montenegro (or or ; Montenegrin: "Crna Gora" /   , meaning "Black Mountain") is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, and Albania to the south-east. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital ("prijestonica").

text: Montenegro

text: or

text: or

text: Montenegrin

text: Crna

text: Gora

text: meaning

text: Black

text: Mountain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: coast

text: on

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Croatia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Serbia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Kosovo

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Albania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Podgorica

text: while

text: Cetinje

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Old

text: Royal

text: Capital

text: prijestonica

text: Podgorica (; Montenegrin Cyrillic:  lit. "[area] under the small hill") is the capital and largest city of Montenegro. The city was also called Titograd (Montenegrin Cyrillic: ) between 1946 and 1992 when Montenegro was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).

text: Podgorica

text: Montenegrin

text: Cyrillic

text: lit

text: area

text: under

text: the

text: small

text: hill

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Montenegro

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: also

text: called

text: Titograd

text: Montenegrin

text: Cyrillic

text: between

text: and

text: when

text: Montenegro

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: SFRY

text: A single market is a type of trade bloc in which most trade barriers have been removed (for goods) with some common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of the factors of production (capital and labour) and of enterprise and services. The goal is that the movement of capital, labour, goods, and services between the members is as easy as within them. The physical (borders), technical (standards) and fiscal (taxes) barriers among the member states are removed to the maximum extent possible. These barriers obstruct the freedom of movement of the four factors of production.

text: single

text: market

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: trade

text: bloc

text: in

text: which

text: most

text: trade

text: barriers

text: have

text: been

text: removed

text: for

text: goods

text: with

text: some

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: product

text: regulation

text: and

text: freedom

text: of

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: factors

text: of

text: production

text: capital

text: and

text: labour

text: and

text: of

text: enterprise

text: and

text: services

text: The

text: goal

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: movement

text: of

text: capital

text: labour

text: goods

text: and

text: services

text: between

text: the

text: members

text: is

text: as

text: easy

text: as

text: within

text: them

text: The

text: physical

text: borders

text: technical

text: standards

text: and

text: fiscal

text: taxes

text: barriers

text: among

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: are

text: removed

text: to

text: the

text: maximum

text: extent

text: possible

text: These

text: barriers

text: obstruct

text: the

text: freedom

text: of

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: factors

text: of

text: production

text: Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.

text: Belgium

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: France

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: which

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Straddling

text: the

text: cultural

text: boundary

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Latin

text: Europe

text: Belgium

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: main

text: linguistic

text: groups

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Flemish

text: community

text: which

text: constitutes

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Walloon

text: population

text: which

text: comprises

text: of

text: all

text: Belgians

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Cantons

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: High

text: Fens

text: area

text: and

text: bordering

text: Germany

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.

text: The

text: euro

text: sign

text: code

text: EUR

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: currency

text: of

text: the

text: eurozone

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Austria

text: Belgium

text: Cyprus

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: France

text: Germany

text: Greece

text: Ireland

text: Italy

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: Luxembourg

text: Malta

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Portugal

text: Slovakia

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Spain

text: The

text: currency

text: is

text: also

text: officially

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: four

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: unilaterally

text: by

text: two

text: others

text: and

text: is

text: consequently

text: used

text: daily

text: by

text: some

text: million

text: Europeans

text: Outside

text: of

text: Europe

text: number

text: of

text: overseas

text: territories

text: of

text: EU

text: members

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: their

text: currency

text: The Partnership for Peace (PfP) is a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) program aimed at creating trust between NATO and other states in Europe and the former Soviet Union; 22 states are members. It was first discussed by the Bulgarian Society Novae, after being proposed as an American initiative at the meeting of NATO defense ministers in Travemünde, Germany, on 2021 October 1993, and formally launched on 1011 January 1994 NATO summit in Brussels, Belgium.

text: The

text: Partnership

text: for

text: Peace

text: PfP

text: is

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: program

text: aimed

text: at

text: creating

text: trust

text: between

text: NATO

text: and

text: other

text: states

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: states

text: are

text: members

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: discussed

text: by

text: the

text: Bulgarian

text: Society

text: Novae

text: after

text: being

text: proposed

text: as

text: an

text: American

text: initiative

text: at

text: the

text: meeting

text: of

text: NATO

text: defense

text: ministers

text: in

text: Travemünde

text: Germany

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: formally

text: launched

text: on

text: January

text: NATO

text: summit

text: in

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

text: The North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C. on 4 April 1949, is the treaty establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

text: The

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: signed

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: on

text: April

text: is

text: the

text: treaty

text: establishing

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Relative to its small territory, it is a diverse country distinguished by a "transitional" character, situated along cultural, geographic, climatic and other boundaries. Serbia is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the southwest; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents, and its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the largest cities in Southeast Europe.

text: Serbia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Serbia

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: covering

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pannonian

text: Plain

text: and

text: the

text: central

text: Balkans

text: Relative

text: to

text: its

text: small

text: territory

text: it

text: is

text: diverse

text: country

text: distinguished

text: by

text: transitional

text: character

text: situated

text: along

text: cultural

text: geographic

text: climatic

text: and

text: other

text: boundaries

text: Serbia

text: is

text: landlocked

text: and

text: borders

text: Hungary

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Romania

text: and

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Macedonia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Croatia

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: and

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: it

text: also

text: claims

text: border

text: with

text: Albania

text: through

text: the

text: disputed

text: territory

text: of

text: Kosovo

text: Serbia

text: numbers

text: around

text: million

text: residents

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: Belgrade

text: ranks

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: A military alliance is an international agreement concerning national security, when the contracting parties promise to support each other in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, as coalitions are formed for a crisis that are already known.

text: military

text: alliance

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: agreement

text: concerning

text: national

text: security

text: when

text: the

text: contracting

text: parties

text: promise

text: to

text: support

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: case

text: of

text: crisis

text: that

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: identified

text: in

text: advance

text: Military

text: alliances

text: differ

text: from

text: coalitions

text: as

text: coalitions

text: are

text: formed

text: for

text: crisis

text: that

text: are

text: already

text: known

annotations: follows multiple

question: headquarters_location socialist people's party of montenegro

answer: podgorica

text: podgorica

text: podgorica