text: Aviation is the practical aspect or art of aeronautics, being the design, development, production, operation and use of aircraft, especially heavier than air aircraft. The word "aviation" was coined by French writer and former naval officer Gabriel La Landelle in 1863, from the verb "avier" (synonymous flying), itself derived from the Latin word "avis" ("bird") and the suffix "-ation".

text: Aviation

text: is

text: the

text: practical

text: aspect

text: or

text: art

text: of

text: aeronautics

text: being

text: the

text: design

text: development

text: production

text: operation

text: and

text: use

text: of

text: aircraft

text: especially

text: heavier

text: than

text: air

text: aircraft

text: The

text: word

text: aviation

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: French

text: writer

text: and

text: former

text: naval

text: officer

text: Gabriel

text: La

text: Landelle

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: verb

text: avier

text: synonymous

text: flying

text: itself

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: avis

text: bird

text: and

text: the

text: suffix

text: -ation

text: Nose art is a decorative painting or design on the fuselage of an aircraft, usually on the front fuselage.

text: Nose

text: art

text: is

text: decorative

text: painting

text: or

text: design

text: on

text: the

text: fuselage

text: of

text: an

text: aircraft

text: usually

text: on

text: the

text: front

text: fuselage

text: The 1st American Volunteer Group (AVG) of the Chinese Air Force in 19411942, nicknamed the Flying Tigers, was composed of pilots from the United States Army Air Corps (USAAC), Navy (USN), and Marine Corps (USMC), recruited under presidential authority and commanded by Claire Lee Chennault. The shark-faced nose art of the Flying Tigers remains among the most recognizable image of any individual combat aircraft or combat unit of World War II.

text: The

text: American

text: Volunteer

text: Group

text: AVG

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Air

text: Force

text: in

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: Flying

text: Tigers

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: pilots

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Air

text: Corps

text: USAAC

text: Navy

text: USN

text: and

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: USMC

text: recruited

text: under

text: presidential

text: authority

text: and

text: commanded

text: by

text: Claire

text: Lee

text: Chennault

text: The

text: shark

text: faced

text: nose

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: Flying

text: Tigers

text: remains

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: recognizable

text: image

text: of

text: any

text: individual

text: combat

text: aircraft

text: or

text: combat

text: unit

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The Republic of China Air Force (ROCAF) is the aviation branch of the Taiwanese military. The ROCAF's primary mission is the defense of the airspace over and around Taiwan. Priorities of the ROCAF include the development of long range reconnaissance and surveillance networks, integrating C4ISTAR systems to increase battle effectiveness, procuring counterstrike weapons, next generation fighters, and hardening airfields and other facilities to survive a surprise attack.

text: The

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Air

text: Force

text: ROCAF

text: is

text: the

text: aviation

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Taiwanese

text: military

text: The

text: ROCAF

text: 's

text: primary

text: mission

text: is

text: the

text: defense

text: of

text: the

text: airspace

text: over

text: and

text: around

text: Taiwan

text: Priorities

text: of

text: the

text: ROCAF

text: include

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: long

text: range

text: reconnaissance

text: and

text: surveillance

text: networks

text: integrating

text: systems

text: to

text: increase

text: battle

text: effectiveness

text: procuring

text: counterstrike

text: weapons

text: next

text: generation

text: fighters

text: and

text: hardening

text: airfields

text: and

text: other

text: facilities

text: to

text: survive

text: surprise

text: attack

text: Claire Lee Chennault ( September 6 , 1893 -- July 27 , 1958 ) was an American military aviator best known for his mercenary leadership of the `` Flying Tigers '' and the Republic of China Air Force in World War II. Chennault was a fierce advocate of `` pursuit '' or fighter - interceptor aircraft during the 1930s when the U.S. Army Air Corps was focused primarily on high - altitude bombardment . Chennault retired from the United States Army in 1937 , and went to work as an aviation adviser and trainer in China . Starting in early 1941 , Chennault commanded the 1st American Volunteer Group ( nicknamed Flying Tigers ) . One mission which never came to fruition was the bombing of Japanese cities ; the bombers did not arrive before Pearl Harbor . ( B - 29 's started bombing from China in 1944 , but they were not under Chennault 's command . ) He headed both the volunteer group and the uniformed U.S. Air Force units that replaced it in 1942 . He feuded constantly with General Joseph Stilwell , the U.S. Army commander in China , and helped China 's leader Chiang Kai - shek to convince President Roosevelt to remove him in 1944 . By that time , however , Washington saw China as a backwater in the war . The surname Chennault is French and is often pronounced shen - o. However , his American family pronounced the name `` shen - AWLT . ''

text: Claire

text: Lee

text: Chennault

text: September

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: military

text: aviator

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: mercenary

text: leadership

text: of

text: the

text: Flying

text: Tigers

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Air

text: Force

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Chennault

text: was

text: fierce

text: advocate

text: of

text: pursuit

text: or

text: fighter

text: interceptor

text: aircraft

text: during

text: the

text: when

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: Air

text: Corps

text: was

text: focused

text: primarily

text: on

text: high

text: altitude

text: bombardment

text: Chennault

text: retired

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: in

text: and

text: went

text: to

text: work

text: as

text: an

text: aviation

text: adviser

text: and

text: trainer

text: in

text: China

text: Starting

text: in

text: early

text: Chennault

text: commanded

text: the

text: American

text: Volunteer

text: Group

text: nicknamed

text: Flying

text: Tigers

text: One

text: mission

text: which

text: never

text: came

text: to

text: fruition

text: was

text: the

text: bombing

text: of

text: Japanese

text: cities

text: the

text: bombers

text: did

text: not

text: arrive

text: before

text: Pearl

text: Harbor

text: 's

text: started

text: bombing

text: from

text: China

text: in

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: not

text: under

text: Chennault

text: 's

text: command

text: He

text: headed

text: both

text: the

text: volunteer

text: group

text: and

text: the

text: uniformed

text: U.S.

text: Air

text: Force

text: units

text: that

text: replaced

text: it

text: in

text: He

text: feuded

text: constantly

text: with

text: General

text: Joseph

text: Stilwell

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: commander

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: helped

text: China

text: 's

text: leader

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: to

text: convince

text: President

text: Roosevelt

text: to

text: remove

text: him

text: in

text: By

text: that

text: time

text: however

text: Washington

text: saw

text: China

text: as

text: backwater

text: in

text: the

text: war

text: The

text: surname

text: Chennault

text: is

text: French

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: pronounced

text: shen

text: However

text: his

text: American

text: family

text: pronounced

text: the

text: name

text: shen

text: AWLT

text: The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (17751783)before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: USA

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: and

text: performs

text: land

text: based

text: military

text: operations

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: uniformed

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Section

text: Clause

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: Subtitle

text: Chapter

text: Section

text: As

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: senior

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: the

text: modern

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: June

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: U.S.

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: country

text: After

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: created

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: on

text: June

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: disbanded

text: Continental

text: Army

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: considers

text: itself

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: and

text: dates

text: its

text: institutional

text: inception

text: from

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: that

text: armed

text: force

text: in

text: The United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) was the military aviation arm of the United States of America between 1926 and 1941. The statutory administrative forerunner of the United States Air Force, it was renamed from the earlier United States Army Air Service on 2 July 1926 and part of the larger United States Army. The Air Corps was the immediate predecessor of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), established on 20 June 1941. Although discontinued as an administrative echelon during World War II, the Air Corps (AC) remained as one of the combat arms of the Army until 1947, when it was legally abolished by legislation establishing the Department of the Air Force.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Air

text: Corps

text: USAAC

text: was

text: the

text: military

text: aviation

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: statutory

text: administrative

text: forerunner

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Air

text: Force

text: it

text: was

text: renamed

text: from

text: the

text: earlier

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Air

text: Service

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: The

text: Air

text: Corps

text: was

text: the

text: immediate

text: predecessor

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Air

text: Forces

text: USAAF

text: established

text: on

text: June

text: Although

text: discontinued

text: as

text: an

text: administrative

text: echelon

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: Air

text: Corps

text: AC

text: remained

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: combat

text: arms

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: until

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: legally

text: abolished

text: by

text: legislation

text: establishing

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887  April 5, 1975), also romanized as Jiang Jieshi and known as Jiang Zhongzheng, was a Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975. Chiang was an influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, and was a close ally of Sun Yat-sen's. He became the Commandant of the Kuomintang's Whampoa Military Academy and took Sun's place as leader of the KMT, following the Canton Coup in early 1926. Having neutralized the party's left wing, Chiang then led Sun's long-postponed Northern Expedition, conquering or reaching accommodations with China's many warlords.

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: October

text: April

text: also

text: romanized

text: as

text: Jiang

text: Jieshi

text: and

text: known

text: as

text: Jiang

text: Zhongzheng

text: was

text: Chinese

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: leader

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: between

text: and

text: Chiang

text: was

text: an

text: influential

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: KMT

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Nationalist

text: Party

text: and

text: was

text: close

text: ally

text: of

text: Sun

text: Yat

text: sen

text: 's

text: He

text: became

text: the

text: Commandant

text: of

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: 's

text: Whampoa

text: Military

text: Academy

text: and

text: took

text: Sun

text: 's

text: place

text: as

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: KMT

text: following

text: the

text: Canton

text: Coup

text: in

text: early

text: Having

text: neutralized

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: left

text: wing

text: Chiang

text: then

text: led

text: Sun

text: 's

text: long

text: postponed

text: Northern

text: Expedition

text: conquering

text: or

text: reaching

text: accommodations

text: with

text: China

text: 's

text: many

text: warlords

text: Joseph Warren Stilwell (March 19, 1883  October 12, 1946) was a United States Army general who served in the China Burma India Theater during World War II. His caustic personality was reflected in the nickname "Vinegar Joe".

text: Joseph

text: Warren

text: Stilwell

text: March

text: October

text: was

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: general

text: who

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: China

text: Burma

text: India

text: Theater

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: His

text: caustic

text: personality

text: was

text: reflected

text: in

text: the

text: nickname

text: Vinegar

text: Joe

text: Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations, or both. It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or nuclear-armed fighter-bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy's war-making capability.

text: Strategic

text: bombing

text: is

text: military

text: strategy

text: used

text: in

text: total

text: war

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: defeating

text: the

text: enemy

text: by

text: destroying

text: its

text: morale

text: or

text: its

text: economic

text: ability

text: to

text: produce

text: and

text: transport

text: materiel

text: to

text: the

text: theatres

text: of

text: military

text: operations

text: or

text: both

text: It

text: is

text: systematically

text: organized

text: and

text: executed

text: attack

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: which

text: can

text: utilize

text: strategic

text: bombers

text: long-

text: or

text: medium

text: range

text: missiles

text: or

text: nuclear

text: armed

text: fighter

text: bomber

text: aircraft

text: to

text: attack

text: targets

text: deemed

text: vital

text: to

text: the

text: enemy

text: 's

text: war

text: making

text: capability

text: Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city (and later on Nagasaki) at 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II.

text: Hiroshima

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: city

text: in

text: history

text: to

text: be

text: targeted

text: by

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: when

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Air

text: Forces

text: USAAF

text: dropped

text: an

text: atomic

text: bomb

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: later

text: on

text: Nagasaki

text: at

text: a.m.

text: on

text: August

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The Canton Coup of 20 March 1926, also known as the or the was a purge of Communist elements of the Nationalist army in Guangzhou (then romanized as "Canton") undertaken by Chiang Kai-shek. The incident solidified Chiang's power immediately before the successful Northern Expedition, turning him into the paramount leader of the country.

text: The

text: Canton

text: Coup

text: of

text: March

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: or

text: the

text: was

text: purge

text: of

text: Communist

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: Nationalist

text: army

text: in

text: Guangzhou

text: then

text: romanized

text: as

text: Canton

text: undertaken

text: by

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: The

text: incident

text: solidified

text: Chiang

text: 's

text: power

text: immediately

text: before

text: the

text: successful

text: Northern

text: Expedition

text: turning

text: him

text: into

text: the

text: paramount

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

annotations: follows single

question: military_branch claire lee chennault

answer: united states air force

text: united states air force


text: A song, most broadly, is a single (and often standalone) work of music that is typically intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections. Written words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created, are called lyrics. If a pre-existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art song. Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants. Songs in a simple style that are learned informally are often referred to as folk songs. Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs. These songs, which have broad appeal, are often composed by professional songwriters, composers and lyricists. Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances. Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video (or in some, cases, a song may be performed live and simultaneously recorded). Songs may also appear in plays, musical theatre, stage shows of any form, and within operas.

text: song

text: most

text: broadly

text: is

text: single

text: and

text: often

text: standalone

text: work

text: of

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: typically

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: human

text: voice

text: with

text: distinct

text: and

text: fixed

text: pitches

text: and

text: patterns

text: using

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: and

text: variety

text: of

text: forms

text: that

text: often

text: include

text: the

text: repetition

text: of

text: sections

text: Written

text: words

text: created

text: specifically

text: for

text: music

text: or

text: for

text: which

text: music

text: is

text: specifically

text: created

text: are

text: called

text: lyrics

text: If

text: pre

text: existing

text: poem

text: is

text: set

text: to

text: composed

text: music

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: song

text: Songs

text: that

text: are

text: sung

text: on

text: repeated

text: pitches

text: without

text: distinct

text: contours

text: and

text: patterns

text: that

text: rise

text: and

text: fall

text: are

text: called

text: chants

text: Songs

text: in

text: simple

text: style

text: that

text: are

text: learned

text: informally

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: folk

text: songs

text: Songs

text: that

text: are

text: composed

text: for

text: professional

text: singers

text: who

text: sell

text: their

text: recordings

text: or

text: live

text: shows

text: to

text: the

text: mass

text: market

text: are

text: called

text: popular

text: songs

text: These

text: songs

text: which

text: have

text: broad

text: appeal

text: are

text: often

text: composed

text: by

text: professional

text: songwriters

text: composers

text: and

text: lyricists

text: Art

text: songs

text: are

text: composed

text: by

text: trained

text: classical

text: composers

text: for

text: concert

text: or

text: recital

text: performances

text: Songs

text: are

text: performed

text: live

text: and

text: recorded

text: on

text: audio

text: or

text: video

text: or

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: song

text: may

text: be

text: performed

text: live

text: and

text: simultaneously

text: recorded

text: Songs

text: may

text: also

text: appear

text: in

text: plays

text: musical

text: theatre

text: stage

text: shows

text: of

text: any

text: form

text: and

text: within

text: operas

text: Renato Ranucci, in art Renato Rascel (27 April 1912  2 January 1991) was an Italian film actor, singer, and songwriter. He appeared in 50 films between 1942 and 1972. He represented Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1960 with the song "Romantica" which was placed equal eighth out of thirteen entries.

text: Renato

text: Ranucci

text: in

text: art

text: Renato

text: Rascel

text: April

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: film

text: actor

text: singer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: He

text: appeared

text: in

text: films

text: between

text: and

text: He

text: represented

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: song

text: Romantica

text: which

text: was

text: placed

text: equal

text: eighth

text: out

text: of

text: thirteen

text: entries

text: A soundtrack, also written sound track, can be recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture, book, television program or video game; a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrack of a film or TV show; or the physical area of a film that contains the synchronized recorded sound.

text: soundtrack

text: also

text: written

text: sound

text: track

text: can

text: be

text: recorded

text: music

text: accompanying

text: and

text: synchronized

text: to

text: the

text: images

text: of

text: motion

text: picture

text: book

text: television

text: program

text: or

text: video

text: game

text: commercially

text: released

text: soundtrack

text: album

text: of

text: music

text: as

text: featured

text: in

text: the

text: soundtrack

text: of

text: film

text: or

text: TV

text: show

text: or

text: the

text: physical

text: area

text: of

text: film

text: that

text: contains

text: the

text: synchronized

text: recorded

text: sound

text: The musical film is a film genre in which songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative, sometimes accompanied by dancing.

text: The

text: musical

text: film

text: is

text: film

text: genre

text: in

text: which

text: songs

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: characters

text: are

text: interwoven

text: into

text: the

text: narrative

text: sometimes

text: accompanied

text: by

text: dancing

text: Latium is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire. Latium was originally a small triangle of fertile, volcanic soil on which resided the tribe of the Latins or Latians. It was located on the left bank (east and south) of the Tiber river, extending northward to the Anio river (a left-bank tributary of the Tiber) and southeastward to the Pomptina Palus (Pontine Marshes, now the Pontine Fields) as far south as the Circeian promontory. The right bank of the Tiber was occupied by the Etruscan city of Veii, and the other borders were occupied by Italic tribes. Subsequently, Rome defeated Veii and then its Italic neighbors, expanding Latium to the Apennine Mountains in the northeast and to the opposite end of the marsh in the southeast. The modern descendant, the Italian "Regione" of Lazio, also called "Latium" in Latin, and occasionally in modern English, is somewhat larger still, but not as much as double the original Latium.

text: Latium

text: is

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: central

text: western

text: Italy

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: founded

text: and

text: grew

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Latium

text: was

text: originally

text: small

text: triangle

text: of

text: fertile

text: volcanic

text: soil

text: on

text: which

text: resided

text: the

text: tribe

text: of

text: the

text: Latins

text: or

text: Latians

text: It

text: was

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: bank

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Tiber

text: river

text: extending

text: northward

text: to

text: the

text: Anio

text: river

text: left

text: bank

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Tiber

text: and

text: southeastward

text: to

text: the

text: Pomptina

text: Palus

text: Pontine

text: Marshes

text: now

text: the

text: Pontine

text: Fields

text: as

text: far

text: south

text: as

text: the

text: Circeian

text: promontory

text: The

text: right

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Tiber

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: city

text: of

text: Veii

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: borders

text: were

text: occupied

text: by

text: Italic

text: tribes

text: Subsequently

text: Rome

text: defeated

text: Veii

text: and

text: then

text: its

text: Italic

text: neighbors

text: expanding

text: Latium

text: to

text: the

text: Apennine

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: opposite

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: marsh

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: The

text: modern

text: descendant

text: the

text: Italian

text: Regione

text: of

text: Lazio

text: also

text: called

text: Latium

text: in

text: Latin

text: and

text: occasionally

text: in

text: modern

text: English

text: is

text: somewhat

text: larger

text: still

text: but

text: not

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: double

text: the

text: original

text: Latium

text: "Arrivederci Roma" (English: "Goodbye, Rome") is the title and refrain of a popular Italian song, composed by Renato Rascel, with lyrics by Pietro Garinei and Sandro Giovannini. It was published in 1955 as part of the soundtrack of the Italo-American musical film with the same title, released as "Seven Hills of Rome" in English. In the movie, the song is interpreted by the leading character, played by the American actor and singer Mario Lanza. Carl Sigman wrote the lyrics for the English language version of the movie.

text: Arrivederci

text: Roma

text: English

text: Goodbye

text: Rome

text: is

text: the

text: title

text: and

text: refrain

text: of

text: popular

text: Italian

text: song

text: composed

text: by

text: Renato

text: Rascel

text: with

text: lyrics

text: by

text: Pietro

text: Garinei

text: and

text: Sandro

text: Giovannini

text: It

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: soundtrack

text: of

text: the

text: Italo

text: American

text: musical

text: film

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: title

text: released

text: as

text: Seven

text: Hills

text: of

text: Rome

text: in

text: English

text: In

text: the

text: movie

text: the

text: song

text: is

text: interpreted

text: by

text: the

text: leading

text: character

text: played

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: singer

text: Mario

text: Lanza

text: Carl

text: Sigman

text: wrote

text: the

text: lyrics

text: for

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: movie

text: The (plural: "") is a basic administrative division in Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality.

text: The

text: plural

text: is

text: basic

text: administrative

text: division

text: in

text: Italy

text: roughly

text: equivalent

text: to

text: township

text: or

text: municipality

text: Rome is a city and special "comune" (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated "comune" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states.

text: Rome

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: special

text: comune

text: named

text: Roma

text: Capitale

text: in

text: Italy

text: Rome

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Italy

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Lazio

text: region

text: With

text: residents

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: comune

text: and

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Rome

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: residents

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: Peninsula

text: within

text: Lazio

text: Latium

text: along

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Tiber

text: river

text: The

text: Vatican

text: City

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: country

text: geographically

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Rome

text: the

text: only

text: existing

text: example

text: of

text: country

text: within

text: city

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: Rome

text: has

text: been

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: capital

text: of

text: two

text: states

text: The phi phenomenon is the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion. Max Wertheimer, one of the three founders of Gestalt psychology, defined this phenomenon in 1912. The phi phenomenon and persistence of vision together formed the foundation of Hugo Münsterberg's theory of film and are part of the process of motion perception.

text: The

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: is

text: the

text: optical

text: illusion

text: of

text: perceiving

text: series

text: of

text: still

text: images

text: when

text: viewed

text: in

text: rapid

text: succession

text: as

text: continuous

text: motion

text: Max

text: Wertheimer

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: founders

text: of

text: Gestalt

text: psychology

text: defined

text: this

text: phenomenon

text: in

text: The

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: and

text: persistence

text: of

text: vision

text: together

text: formed

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: Hugo

text: Münsterberg

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: film

text: and

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: motion

text: perception

text: Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images. The more general term computer-generated imagery (CGI) encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation "only" refers to the moving images. Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics, although 2D computer graphics are still used for stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster real-time renderings. Sometimes, the target of the animation is the computer itself, but sometimes film as well.

text: Computer

text: animation

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: used

text: for

text: generating

text: animated

text: images

text: The

text: more

text: general

text: term

text: computer

text: generated

text: imagery

text: CGI

text: encompasses

text: both

text: static

text: scenes

text: and

text: dynamic

text: images

text: while

text: computer

text: animation

text: only

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: moving

text: images

text: Modern

text: computer

text: animation

text: usually

text: uses

text: computer

text: graphics

text: although

text: computer

text: graphics

text: are

text: still

text: used

text: for

text: stylistic

text: low

text: bandwidth

text: and

text: faster

text: real

text: time

text: renderings

text: Sometimes

text: the

text: target

text: of

text: the

text: animation

text: is

text: the

text: computer

text: itself

text: but

text: sometimes

text: film

text: as

text: well

text: In filmmaking, visual effects (abbreviated VFX) are the processes by which imagery is created and/or manipulated outside the context of a live action shot.

text: In

text: filmmaking

text: visual

text: effects

text: abbreviated

text: VFX

text: are

text: the

text: processes

text: by

text: which

text: imagery

text: is

text: created

text: and/or

text: manipulated

text: outside

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: live

text: action

text: shot

text: Seven Hills of Rome ( Italian title : Arrivederci Roma ) is an Italian - American film released in January 1958 and shot on location in Rome and at the Titanus studios . The movie was filmed in Technicolor and Technirama , distributed by Metro - Goldwyn - Mayer , and was tenor Mario Lanza 's penultimate film .

text: Seven

text: Hills

text: of

text: Rome

text: Italian

text: title

text: Arrivederci

text: Roma

text: is

text: an

text: Italian

text: American

text: film

text: released

text: in

text: January

text: and

text: shot

text: on

text: location

text: in

text: Rome

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: Titanus

text: studios

text: The

text: movie

text: was

text: filmed

text: in

text: Technicolor

text: and

text: Technirama

text: distributed

text: by

text: Metro

text: Goldwyn

text: Mayer

text: and

text: was

text: tenor

text: Mario

text: Lanza

text: 's

text: penultimate

text: film

text: Vatican City , officially Vatican City State or the State of Vatican City, is a walled enclave within the city of Rome. With an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of 842, it is the smallest State in the world by both area and population, but formally it is not sovereign, sovereignty being held by the Holy See, the only entity of public international law that has diplomatic relations with almost every country in the world.

text: Vatican

text: City

text: officially

text: Vatican

text: City

text: State

text: or

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Vatican

text: City

text: is

text: walled

text: enclave

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: hectares

text: acres

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: State

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: formally

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: sovereign

text: sovereignty

text: being

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: Holy

text: See

text: the

text: only

text: entity

text: of

text: public

text: international

text: law

text: that

text: has

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: with

text: almost

text: every

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: CinemaScope is an anamorphic lens series used, from 1953 to 1967, for shooting widescreen movies. Its creation in 1953 by Spyros P. Skouras, the president of 20th Century Fox, marked the beginning of the modern anamorphic format in both principal photography and movie projection.

text: CinemaScope

text: is

text: an

text: anamorphic

text: lens

text: series

text: used

text: from

text: to

text: for

text: shooting

text: widescreen

text: movies

text: Its

text: creation

text: in

text: by

text: Spyros

text: Skouras

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: Century

text: Fox

text: marked

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: anamorphic

text: format

text: in

text: both

text: principal

text: photography

text: and

text: movie

text: projection

text: An audience is a group of people who participate in a show or encounter a work of art, literature (in which they are called "readers"), theatre, music (in which they are called "listeners"), video games (in which they are called "players"), or academics in any medium. Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art; some events invite overt audience participation and others allowing only modest clapping and criticism and reception.

text: An

text: audience

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: participate

text: in

text: show

text: or

text: encounter

text: work

text: of

text: art

text: literature

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: readers

text: theatre

text: music

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: listeners

text: video

text: games

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: players

text: or

text: academics

text: in

text: any

text: medium

text: Audience

text: members

text: participate

text: in

text: different

text: ways

text: in

text: different

text: kinds

text: of

text: art

text: some

text: events

text: invite

text: overt

text: audience

text: participation

text: and

text: others

text: allowing

text: only

text: modest

text: clapping

text: and

text: criticism

text: and

text: reception

text:
Technirama is a screen process that has been used by some film production houses as an alternative to CinemaScope. It was first used in 1957 but fell into disuse in the mid-1960s. The process was invented by Technicolor and is an anamorphic process with a screen ratio the same as revised CinemaScope (2.35:1) (which became the standard), but it's actually 2.25:1 on the negative.
Technical.
The Technirama process used a film area twice that of CinemaScope, which created a sharper, less grainy picture. Cameras used 35-mm film running horizontally with an 8-perforation frame, double the normal size, exactly the same as VistaVision. VistaVision cameras were sometimes adapted. Technirama used a 1.5:1 anamorphic optic in front of the lens in order to stretch the vertical image (unlike CinemaScope adapters and lenses which squeezed the horizontal image). To achieve the required wider format, lenses of shorter focal-length had to be used. In the laboratory, the 8-perforation horizontal negative would be reduced optically, incorporating a 1.33:1 horizontal squeeze to create normal 4-perforation (vertically running) prints with images having an anamorphic ratio of 2:1, the same as CinemaScope. These prints could be shown with the same projection lenses as CinemaScope productions but would have greatly improved clarity owing to the double-sized camera negative.

text: Technirama

text: is

text: screen

text: process

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: some

text: film

text: production

text: houses

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: CinemaScope

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: but

text: fell

text: into

text: disuse

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: process

text: was

text: invented

text: by

text: Technicolor

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: anamorphic

text: process

text: with

text: screen

text: ratio

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: revised

text: CinemaScope

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: standard

text: but

text: it

text: 's

text: actually

text: on

text: the

text: negative

text: Technical

text: The

text: Technirama

text: process

text: used

text: film

text: area

text: twice

text: that

text: of

text: CinemaScope

text: which

text: created

text: sharper

text: less

text: grainy

text: picture

text: Cameras

text: used

text: film

text: running

text: horizontally

text: with

text: an

text: frame

text: double

text: the

text: normal

text: size

text: exactly

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: VistaVision

text: VistaVision

text: cameras

text: were

text: sometimes

text: adapted

text: Technirama

text: used

text: anamorphic

text: optic

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: lens

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: stretch

text: the

text: vertical

text: image

text: unlike

text: CinemaScope

text: adapters

text: and

text: lenses

text: which

text: squeezed

text: the

text: horizontal

text: image

text: To

text: achieve

text: the

text: required

text: wider

text: format

text: lenses

text: of

text: shorter

text: focal

text: length

text: had

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: In

text: the

text: laboratory

text: the

text: horizontal

text: negative

text: would

text: be

text: reduced

text: optically

text: incorporating

text: horizontal

text: squeeze

text: to

text: create

text: normal

text: vertically

text: running

text: prints

text: with

text: images

text: having

text: an

text: anamorphic

text: ratio

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: CinemaScope

text: These

text: prints

text: could

text: be

text: shown

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: projection

text: lenses

text: as

text: CinemaScope

text: productions

text: but

text: would

text: have

text: greatly

text: improved

text: clarity

text: owing

text: to

text: the

text: double

text: sized

text: camera

text: negative

text: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (abbreviated as MGM or M-G-M, also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer or Metro, and for a former interval known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists, or MGM/UA) is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs.

text: Metro

text: Goldwyn

text: Mayer

text: Studios

text: Inc.

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: MGM

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Metro

text: Goldwyn

text: Mayer

text: Pictures

text: Metro

text: Goldwyn

text: Mayer

text: or

text: Metro

text: and

text: for

text: former

text: interval

text: known

text: as

text: Metro

text: Goldwyn

text: Mayer

text: United

text: Artists

text: or

text: MGM

text: UA

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: media

text: company

text: involved

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: and

text: distribution

text: of

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: television

text: programs

text: United Artists (UA) is an American film and television entertainment studio. The studio was founded in 1919 by D. W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks with the intention of controlling their own interests rather than depending upon commercial studios. The studio was repeatedly bought, sold and restructured over the ensuing century.

text: United

text: Artists

text: UA

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: entertainment

text: studio

text: The

text: studio

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Griffith

text: Charlie

text: Chaplin

text: Mary

text: Pickford

text: and

text: Douglas

text: Fairbanks

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: controlling

text: their

text: own

text: interests

text: rather

text: than

text: depending

text: upon

text: commercial

text: studios

text: The

text: studio

text: was

text: repeatedly

text: bought

text: sold

text: and

text: restructured

text: over

text: the

text: ensuing

text: century

text: Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art, the criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.

text: Art

text: is

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: human

text: activities

text: in

text: creating

text: visual

text: auditory

text: or

text: performing

text: artifacts

text: artworks

text: expressing

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: imaginative

text: or

text: technical

text: skill

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: appreciated

text: for

text: their

text: beauty

text: or

text: emotional

text: power

text: In

text: their

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: these

text: activities

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: art

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: dissemination

text: of

text: art

text: Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other. The illusionas in motion pictures in generalis thought to rely on the phi phenomenon. Animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a flip book, motion picture film, video tape, digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation, and digital video. To display animation, a digital camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced.

text: Animation

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: making

text: the

text: illusion

text: of

text: motion

text: and

text: the

text: illusion

text: of

text: change

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: the

text: rapid

text: display

text: of

text: sequence

text: of

text: images

text: that

text: minimally

text: differ

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: The

text: illusionas

text: in

text: motion

text: pictures

text: in

text: generalis

text: thought

text: to

text: rely

text: on

text: the

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: Animators

text: are

text: artists

text: who

text: specialize

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: animation

text: Animation

text: can

text: be

text: recorded

text: with

text: either

text: analogue

text: media

text: flip

text: book

text: motion

text: picture

text: film

text: video

text: tape

text: digital

text: media

text: including

text: formats

text: with

text: animated

text: GIF

text: Flash

text: animation

text: and

text: digital

text: video

text: To

text: display

text: animation

text: digital

text: camera

text: computer

text: or

text: projector

text: are

text: used

text: along

text: with

text: new

text: technologies

text: that

text: are

text: produced

text: Hollywood (, informally Tinseltown ) is an ethnically diverse, densely populated, relatively low-income neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U.S. film industry, including several of its historic studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry and the people in it.

text: Hollywood

text: informally

text: Tinseltown

text: is

text: an

text: ethnically

text: diverse

text: densely

text: populated

text: relatively

text: low

text: income

text: neighborhood

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: region

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: It

text: is

text: notable

text: as

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: film

text: industry

text: including

text: several

text: of

text: its

text: historic

text: studios

text: and

text: its

text: name

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: shorthand

text: reference

text: for

text: the

text: industry

text: and

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: it

text: English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global "lingua franca". Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, it ultimately derives its name from the Anglia (Angeln) peninsula in the Baltic Sea. It is most closely related to the Frisian languages, although its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages in the early medieval period, and later by Romance languages, particularly French. English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. It is the most commonly spoken language in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, and is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean, Africa, and South Asia. It is the third most common native language in the world, after Mandarin and Spanish. It is the most widely learned second language and an official language of the United Nations, of the European Union, and of many other world and regional international organisations. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch.

text: English

text: is

text: West

text: Germanic

text: language

text: that

text: was

text: first

text: spoken

text: in

text: early

text: medieval

text: England

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: global

text: lingua

text: franca

text: Named

text: after

text: the

text: Angles

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: that

text: migrated

text: to

text: England

text: it

text: ultimately

text: derives

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: Anglia

text: Angeln

text: peninsula

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: most

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Frisian

text: languages

text: although

text: its

text: vocabulary

text: has

text: been

text: significantly

text: influenced

text: by

text: other

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: medieval

text: period

text: and

text: later

text: by

text: Romance

text: languages

text: particularly

text: French

text: English

text: is

text: either

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: or

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: languages

text: in

text: almost

text: sovereign

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: spoken

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: Ireland

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: is

text: widely

text: spoken

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Africa

text: and

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: common

text: native

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Mandarin

text: and

text: Spanish

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: learned

text: second

text: language

text: and

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: of

text: many

text: other

text: world

text: and

text: regional

text: international

text: organisations

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: Germanic

text: language

text: accounting

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: of

text: speakers

text: of

text: this

text: Indo

text: European

text: branch

text: Lazio (; ) is one of the 20 administrative regions of Italy, situated in the central peninsular section of the country. With almost 5.9 million residents and a GDP of more than 170 billion euros, Lazio is the second most populated region of Italy (having approximately the same in population as Campania), and has the second largest economy of the nation. Its capital is Rome, capital and largest city of Italy.

text: Lazio

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: administrative

text: regions

text: of

text: Italy

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: peninsular

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: With

text: almost

text: million

text: residents

text: and

text: GDP

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: euros

text: Lazio

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populated

text: region

text: of

text: Italy

text: having

text: approximately

text: the

text: same

text: in

text: population

text: as

text: Campania

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: economy

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Rome

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Italy

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Mario Lanza (born Alfred Arnold Cocozza; January 31, 1921  October 7, 1959) was an American tenor, actor and Hollywood film star of the late 1940s and the 1950s.

text: Mario

text: Lanza

text: born

text: Alfred

text: Arnold

text: Cocozza

text: January

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: tenor

text: actor

text: and

text: Hollywood

text: film

text: star

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: the

text: A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques; by means of CGI and computer animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects.

text: film

text: also

text: called

text: movie

text: motion

text: picture

text: theatrical

text: film

text: or

text: photoplay

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: still

text: images

text: which

text: when

text: shown

text: on

text: screen

text: creates

text: the

text: illusion

text: of

text: moving

text: images

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: This

text: optical

text: illusion

text: causes

text: the

text: audience

text: to

text: perceive

text: continuous

text: motion

text: between

text: separate

text: objects

text: viewed

text: rapidly

text: in

text: succession

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: is

text: both

text: an

text: art

text: and

text: an

text: industry

text: film

text: is

text: created

text: by

text: photographing

text: actual

text: scenes

text: with

text: motion

text: picture

text: camera

text: by

text: photographing

text: drawings

text: or

text: miniature

text: models

text: using

text: traditional

text: animation

text: techniques

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: CGI

text: and

text: computer

text: animation

text: or

text: by

text: combination

text: of

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: techniques

text: and

text: other

text: visual

text: effects

text:
Tenor is a type of classical male singing voice whose vocal range is one of the highest of the male voice types. The tenor's vocal range (in choral music) lies between C, the C one octave below middle C, and A, the A above middle C. In solo work, this range extends up to C, or "tenor high C". The low extreme for tenors is roughly A (two As below middle C). At the highest extreme, some tenors can sing up to two Fs above middle C (F).
The tenor voice type is generally divided into the "leggero" tenor, lyric tenor, spinto tenor, dramatic tenor, heldentenor, and tenor buffo or spieltenor.

text: Tenor

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: classical

text: male

text: singing

text: voice

text: whose

text: vocal

text: range

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: of

text: the

text: male

text: voice

text: types

text: The

text: tenor

text: 's

text: vocal

text: range

text: in

text: choral

text: music

text: lies

text: between

text: the

text: one

text: octave

text: below

text: middle

text: and

text: the

text: above

text: middle

text: In

text: solo

text: work

text: this

text: range

text: extends

text: up

text: to

text: or

text: tenor

text: high

text: The

text: low

text: extreme

text: for

text: tenors

text: is

text: roughly

text: two

text: As

text: below

text: middle

text: At

text: the

text: highest

text: extreme

text: some

text: tenors

text: can

text: sing

text: up

text: to

text: two

text: Fs

text: above

text: middle

text: The

text: tenor

text: voice

text: type

text: is

text: generally

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: leggero

text: tenor

text: lyric

text: tenor

text: spinto

text: tenor

text: dramatic

text: tenor

text: heldentenor

text: and

text: tenor

text: buffo

text: or

text: spieltenor

text: Filmmaking (or in an academic context, film production) is the process of making a film. Filmmaking involves a number of discrete stages including an initial story, idea, or commission, through screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording and reproduction, editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a film release and exhibition. Filmmaking takes place in many places around the world in a range of economic, social, and political contexts, and using a variety of technologies and cinematic techniques. Typically, it involves a large number of people, and can take from a few months to several years to complete.

text: Filmmaking

text: or

text: in

text: an

text: academic

text: context

text: film

text: production

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: making

text: film

text: Filmmaking

text: involves

text: number

text: of

text: discrete

text: stages

text: including

text: an

text: initial

text: story

text: idea

text: or

text: commission

text: through

text: screenwriting

text: casting

text: shooting

text: sound

text: recording

text: and

text: reproduction

text: editing

text: and

text: screening

text: the

text: finished

text: product

text: before

text: an

text: audience

text: that

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: film

text: release

text: and

text: exhibition

text: Filmmaking

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: many

text: places

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: range

text: of

text: economic

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: contexts

text: and

text: using

text: variety

text: of

text: technologies

text: and

text: cinematic

text: techniques

text: Typically

text: it

text: involves

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: and

text: can

text: take

text: from

text: few

text: months

text: to

text: several

text: years

text: to

text: complete

annotations: follows multiple

question: genre seven hills of rome

answer: musical film

text: musical film

text: musical film


text: The Dominican Republic is a sovereign state occupying the eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western one-third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands, along with Saint Martin, that are shared by two countries. The Dominican Republic is the second-largest Caribbean nation by area (after Cuba) at , and 3rd by population with 10.08 million people, of which approximately three million live in the metropolitan area of Santo Domingo, the capital city.

text: The

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: occupying

text: the

text: eastern

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Hispaniola

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: archipelago

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: region

text: The

text: western

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: is

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: nation

text: of

text: Haiti

text: making

text: Hispaniola

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: Caribbean

text: islands

text: along

text: with

text: Saint

text: Martin

text: that

text: are

text: shared

text: by

text: two

text: countries

text: The

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: Caribbean

text: nation

text: by

text: area

text: after

text: Cuba

text: at

text: and

text: by

text: population

text: with

text: million

text: people

text: of

text: which

text: approximately

text: three

text: million

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: Santo

text: Domingo

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: Central America is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate).

text: Central

text: America

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: isthmian

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: which

text: connects

text: with

text: South

text: America

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: Central

text: America

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Colombia

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Central

text: America

text: consists

text: of

text: seven

text: countries

text: Belize

text: Guatemala

text: El

text: Salvador

text: Honduras

text: Nicaragua

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: and

text: Panama

text: The

text: combined

text: population

text: of

text: Central

text: America

text: is

text: between

text: estimate

text: and

text: estimate

text: Colombia (or ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a transcontinental country largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America. Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama, to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru. It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. It is a unitary, constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples including the Muisca, the Quimbaya and the Tairona.

text: Colombia

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Colombia

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: largely

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: with

text: territories

text: in

text: Central

text: America

text: Colombia

text: shares

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: with

text: Panama

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: Venezuela

text: and

text: Brazil

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: with

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Peru

text: It

text: shares

text: its

text: maritime

text: limits

text: with

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: Nicaragua

text: Honduras

text: Jamaica

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: and

text: Haiti

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: constitutional

text: republic

text: comprising

text: thirty

text: two

text: departments

text: The

text: territory

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Colombia

text: was

text: originally

text: inhabited

text: by

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: including

text: the

text: Muisca

text: the

text: Quimbaya

text: and

text: the

text: Tairona

text: Panama, officially called the Republic of Panama, is a country usually considered to be entirely in North America or Central America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia (in South America) to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital and largest city is Panama City, whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half of the country's 3.9 million people.

text: Panama

text: officially

text: called

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Panama

text: is

text: country

text: usually

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: entirely

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: or

text: Central

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Colombia

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Panama

text: City

text: whose

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: nearly

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: people

text: Deportes Palmira was a Colombian football (soccer) team, based in Palmira, Colombia. The club was founded in 2009 and plays in Categoría Primera B. The club was formerly known as Girardot F.C. based in Girardot, Colombia but due to financial difficulties, the club relocated to Buenaventura and was rebranded as Pacífico F.C.

text: Deportes

text: Palmira

text: was

text: Colombian

text: football

text: soccer

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Palmira

text: Colombia

text: The

text: club

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: plays

text: in

text: Categoría

text: Primera

text: The

text: club

text: was

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Girardot

text: F.C.

text: based

text: in

text: Girardot

text: Colombia

text: but

text: due

text: to

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: the

text: club

text: relocated

text: to

text: Buenaventura

text: and

text: was

text: rebranded

text: as

text: Pacífico

text: F.C.

text: Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti, is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is in size and has an estimated 10.6 million people, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean as a whole.

text: Haiti

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Haiti

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Hispaniola

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: archipelago

text: of

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: It

text: occupies

text: the

text: western

text: three

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: which

text: it

text: shares

text: with

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: Haiti

text: is

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Community

text: CARICOM

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: as

text: whole

text: Giradot F.C. was a Colombian football ( soccer ) team , based in Girardot , Colombia . The club was founded in 1995 and played in Categoría Primera B. Due to financial difficulties , the team was relocated at the end of the 2008 season to the city of Palmira and rebranded as Deportes Palmira . The club is expected to return to Girardot in 2011 .

text: Giradot

text: F.C.

text: was

text: Colombian

text: football

text: soccer

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Girardot

text: Colombia

text: The

text: club

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: played

text: in

text: Categoría

text: Primera

text: Due

text: to

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: the

text: team

text: was

text: relocated

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Palmira

text: and

text: rebranded

text: as

text: Deportes

text: Palmira

text: The

text: club

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: Girardot

text: in

question: dissolved_or_abolished girardot f.c.

answer: 2009