text: New Zealand is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmassesthat of the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Mui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamuand numerous smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. Because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal and plant life. The country's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland.

text: New

text: Zealand

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: The

text: country

text: geographically

text: comprises

text: two

text: main

text: landmassesthat

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Island

text: or

text: Te

text: Ika

text: Mui

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Island

text: or

text: Te

text: Waipounamuand

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: New

text: Zealand

text: is

text: situated

text: some

text: east

text: of

text: Australia

text: across

text: the

text: Tasman

text: Sea

text: and

text: roughly

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: island

text: areas

text: of

text: New

text: Caledonia

text: Fiji

text: and

text: Tonga

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: remoteness

text: it

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: lands

text: to

text: be

text: settled

text: by

text: humans

text: During

text: its

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: isolation

text: New

text: Zealand

text: developed

text: distinct

text: biodiversity

text: of

text: animal

text: fungal

text: and

text: plant

text: life

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: varied

text: topography

text: and

text: its

text: sharp

text: mountain

text: peaks

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Southern

text: Alps

text: owe

text: much

text: to

text: the

text: tectonic

text: uplift

text: of

text: land

text: and

text: volcanic

text: eruptions

text: New

text: Zealand

text: 's

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Wellington

text: while

text: its

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Auckland

text: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.

text: Australia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: continent

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: are

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: East

text: Timor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Australia

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Canberra

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: Sydney

text: Solomon Islands is a sovereign country consisting of six major islands and over 900 smaller islands in Oceania lying to the east of Papua New Guinea and northwest of Vanuatu and covering a land area of . The country's capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The country takes its name from the Solomon Islands archipelago, which is a collection of Melanesian islands that also includes the North Solomon Islands (part of Papua New Guinea), but excludes outlying islands, such as Rennell and Bellona, and the Santa Cruz Islands.

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: consisting

text: of

text: six

text: major

text: islands

text: and

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: in

text: Oceania

text: lying

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: and

text: northwest

text: of

text: Vanuatu

text: and

text: covering

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: Honiara

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Guadalcanal

text: The

text: country

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: archipelago

text: which

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: Melanesian

text: islands

text: that

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: North

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: part

text: of

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: but

text: excludes

text: outlying

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: Rennell

text: and

text: Bellona

text: and

text: the

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: Islands

text: Auckland is a city in the North Island of New Zealand. It is the most populous urban area in the country. Auckland has a population of , which constitutes percent of New Zealand's population. It is part of the wider Auckland Regionthe area governed by the Auckland Councilwhich also includes outlying rural areas and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf, resulting in a total population of . Auckland also has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world. The Mori language name for Auckland is or , meaning "Tmaki with a hundred lovers", in reference to the desirability of its fertile land at the hub of waterways in all directions. It has also been called karana, the Mori enunciation of "Auckland".

text: Auckland

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Island

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Auckland

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: which

text: constitutes

text: percent

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: 's

text: population

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Auckland

text: Regionthe

text: area

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Auckland

text: Councilwhich

text: also

text: includes

text: outlying

text: rural

text: areas

text: and

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: the

text: Hauraki

text: Gulf

text: resulting

text: in

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: Auckland

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: Polynesian

text: population

text: of

text: any

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Mori

text: language

text: name

text: for

text: Auckland

text: is

text: or

text: meaning

text: Tmaki

text: with

text: hundred

text: lovers

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: desirability

text: of

text: its

text: fertile

text: land

text: at

text: the

text: hub

text: of

text: waterways

text: in

text: all

text: directions

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: called

text: karana

text: the

text: Mori

text: enunciation

text: of

text: Auckland

text: The lion ("Panthera leo") is one of the big cats in the genus "Panthera" and a member of the family Felidae. The commonly used term African lion collectively denotes the several subspecies in Africa. With some males exceeding in weight, it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger. Wild lions currently exist in sub-Saharan Africa and in India (where an endangered remnant population resides in Gir Forest National Park). In ancient historic times, their range was in most of Africa, including North Africa, and across Eurasia from Greece and southeastern Europe to India. In the late Pleistocene, about 10,000 years ago, the lion was the most widespread large land mammal after humans: "Panthera leo spelaea" lived in northern and western Europe and "Panthera leo atrox" lived in the Americas from the Yukon to Peru. The lion is classified as a vulnerable species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), having seen a major population decline in its African range of 3050% over two decades during the second half of the twentieth century. Lion populations are untenable outside designated reserves and national parks. Although the cause of the decline is not fully understood, habitat loss and conflicts with humans are the greatest causes of concern. Within Africa, the West African lion population is particularly endangered.

text: The

text: lion

text: Panthera

text: leo

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: big

text: cats

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Panthera

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Felidae

text: The

text: commonly

text: used

text: term

text: African

text: lion

text: collectively

text: denotes

text: the

text: several

text: subspecies

text: in

text: Africa

text: With

text: some

text: males

text: exceeding

text: in

text: weight

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: living

text: cat

text: after

text: the

text: tiger

text: Wild

text: lions

text: currently

text: exist

text: in

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: and

text: in

text: India

text: where

text: an

text: endangered

text: remnant

text: population

text: resides

text: in

text: Gir

text: Forest

text: National

text: Park

text: In

text: ancient

text: historic

text: times

text: their

text: range

text: was

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: Africa

text: including

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: across

text: Eurasia

text: from

text: Greece

text: and

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: to

text: India

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Pleistocene

text: about

text: years

text: ago

text: the

text: lion

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: large

text: land

text: mammal

text: after

text: humans

text: Panthera

text: leo

text: spelaea

text: lived

text: in

text: northern

text: and

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: Panthera

text: leo

text: atrox

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: from

text: the

text: Yukon

text: to

text: Peru

text: The

text: lion

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: vulnerable

text: species

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Union

text: for

text: Conservation

text: of

text: Nature

text: IUCN

text: having

text: seen

text: major

text: population

text: decline

text: in

text: its

text: African

text: range

text: of

text: over

text: two

text: decades

text: during

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

text: Lion

text: populations

text: are

text: untenable

text: outside

text: designated

text: reserves

text: and

text: national

text: parks

text: Although

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: decline

text: is

text: not

text: fully

text: understood

text: habitat

text: loss

text: and

text: conflicts

text: with

text: humans

text: are

text: the

text: greatest

text: causes

text: of

text: concern

text: Within

text: Africa

text: the

text: West

text: African

text: lion

text: population

text: is

text: particularly

text: endangered

text: Wellington is the capital city and second most populous urban area of New Zealand, with residents. It is at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Rimutaka Range. Wellington is the major population centre of the southern North Island and is the administrative centre of the Wellington Region, which also includes the Kapiti Coast and Wairarapa. As the nation's capital city, the New Zealand Government and Parliament, Supreme Court and most of the civil service are based in the city.

text: Wellington

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: with

text: residents

text: It

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Island

text: between

text: Cook

text: Strait

text: and

text: the

text: Rimutaka

text: Range

text: Wellington

text: is

text: the

text: major

text: population

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: North

text: Island

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Wellington

text: Region

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: Kapiti

text: Coast

text: and

text: Wairarapa

text: As

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: city

text: the

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Government

text: and

text: Parliament

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: civil

text: service

text: are

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.

text: Indonesia

text: or

text: Indonesian

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: located

text: mainly

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: with

text: some

text: territories

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Situated

text: between

text: the

text: Indian

text: and

text: Pacific

text: oceans

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: island

text: country

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: seventeen

text: thousand

text: islands

text: At

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: combined

text: sea

text: and

text: land

text: area

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Austronesian

text: nation

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Muslim

text: majority

text: country

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: of

text: Java

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai ('; ', ; "") is a peninsula in Egypt, situated between the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the south, serving as a land bridge between Asia and Africa. It is the only part of Egyptian territory located in Asia. Sinai has a land area of about and a population of approximately 1,400,000 people. The bulk of the peninsula is divided administratively into two of Egypt's 27 governorates (with three more straddling the Suez Canal area).

text: The

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: or

text: simply

text: Sinai

text: is

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Egypt

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: serving

text: as

text: land

text: bridge

text: between

text: Asia

text: and

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: territory

text: located

text: in

text: Asia

text: Sinai

text: has

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: people

text: The

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: is

text: divided

text: administratively

text: into

text: two

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: governorates

text: with

text: three

text: more

text: straddling

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: area

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: Ficinia is a genus of tufted or rhizotamous sedges . There are around 70 recognised species in Africa , three species ( Ficinia ambigua , Ficinia anomala and Ficinia spiralis ) that occur in New Zealand and a single species Ficinia nodosa that occurs in Australia .

text: Ficinia

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: tufted

text: or

text: rhizotamous

text: sedges

text: There

text: are

text: around

text: recognised

text: species

text: in

text: Africa

text: three

text: species

text: Ficinia

text: ambigua

text: Ficinia

text: anomala

text: and

text: Ficinia

text: spiralis

text: that

text: occur

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: single

text: species

text: Ficinia

text: nodosa

text: that

text: occurs

text: in

text: Australia

text: Tonga (or ; Tongan: "Puleanga Fakatui o Tonga"), officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is a Polynesian sovereign state and archipelago comprising 169 islands of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area is about scattered over of the southern Pacific Ocean. It has a population of 103,000 people of whom 70% reside on the main island of Tongatapu.

text: Tonga

text: or

text: Tongan

text: Puleanga

text: Fakatui

text: Tonga

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Tonga

text: is

text: Polynesian

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: archipelago

text: comprising

text: islands

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: inhabited

text: The

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: is

text: about

text: scattered

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: people

text: of

text: whom

text: reside

text: on

text: the

text: main

text: island

text: of

text: Tongatapu

text: Tasmania (abbreviated as Tas and known colloquially as "Tassie") is an island state of the Commonwealth of Australia. It is located to the south of the Australian mainland, separated by Bass Strait. The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-largest island in the world, and the surrounding 334 islands. The state has a population of around 518,500, just over forty percent of which resides in the Greater Hobart precinct, which forms the metropolitan area of the state capital and largest city, Hobart.

text: Tasmania

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: Tas

text: and

text: known

text: colloquially

text: as

text: Tassie

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: mainland

text: separated

text: by

text: Bass

text: Strait

text: The

text: state

text: encompasses

text: the

text: main

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: just

text: over

text: forty

text: percent

text: of

text: which

text: resides

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Hobart

text: precinct

text: which

text: forms

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Hobart

text: Afri (singular "Afer") was a Latin name for the inhabitants of Africa, referring in its widest sense to all the lands south of the Mediterranean (Ancient Libya). Latin-speakers at first used "afer" as an adjective, meaning "of Africa". As a substantive, it denoted a native of "Africa", i. e., an African.

text: Afri

text: singular

text: Afer

text: was

text: Latin

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: Africa

text: referring

text: in

text: its

text: widest

text: sense

text: to

text: all

text: the

text: lands

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Ancient

text: Libya

text: Latin

text: speakers

text: at

text: first

text: used

text: afer

text: as

text: an

text: adjective

text: meaning

text: of

text: Africa

text: As

text: substantive

text: it

text: denoted

text: native

text: of

text: Africa

text: an

text: African

text: The Cyperaceae are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses and rushes. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "Carex" genus of "true sedges" with over 2,000 species. These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical Asia and tropical South America. While sedges may be found growing in almost all environments, many are associated with wetlands, or with poor soils. Ecological communities dominated by sedges are known as sedgelands.

text: The

text: Cyperaceae

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: monocotyledonous

text: graminoid

text: flowering

text: plants

text: known

text: as

text: sedges

text: which

text: superficially

text: resemble

text: grasses

text: and

text: rushes

text: The

text: family

text: is

text: large

text: with

text: some

text: known

text: species

text: described

text: in

text: about

text: genera

text: the

text: largest

text: being

text: the

text: Carex

text: genus

text: of

text: true

text: sedges

text: with

text: over

text: species

text: These

text: species

text: are

text: widely

text: distributed

text: with

text: the

text: centers

text: of

text: diversity

text: for

text: the

text: group

text: occurring

text: in

text: tropical

text: Asia

text: and

text: tropical

text: South

text: America

text: While

text: sedges

text: may

text: be

text: found

text: growing

text: in

text: almost

text: all

text: environments

text: many

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: wetlands

text: or

text: with

text: poor

text: soils

text: Ecological

text: communities

text: dominated

text: by

text: sedges

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: sedgelands

text: A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: in

text: international

text: law

text: nonphysical

text: juridical

text: entity

text: that

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: one

text: centralised

text: government

text: that

text: has

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: geographic

text: area

text: International

text: law

text: defines

text: sovereign

text: states

text: as

text: having

text: permanent

text: population

text: defined

text: territory

text: one

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: relations

text: with

text: other

text: sovereign

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: normally

text: understood

text: that

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: neither

text: dependent

text: on

text: nor

text: subjected

text: to

text: any

text: other

text: power

text: or

text: state

text: Ficinia spiralis (pngao, pkao, or golden sand sedge) is a coastal sedge endemic to New Zealand (including the Chatham Islands). Originally widespread, it has suffered severely from competition with introduced marram grass and animal grazing and now has only a patchy distribution.

text: Ficinia

text: spiralis

text: pngao

text: pkao

text: or

text: golden

text: sand

text: sedge

text: is

text: coastal

text: sedge

text: endemic

text: to

text: New

text: Zealand

text: including

text: the

text: Chatham

text: Islands

text: Originally

text: widespread

text: it

text: has

text: suffered

text: severely

text: from

text: competition

text: with

text: introduced

text: marram

text: grass

text: and

text: animal

text: grazing

text: and

text: now

text: has

text: only

text: patchy

text: distribution

text: The North Island or Te Ika-a-Mui ("Mori") is one of the two main islands of New Zealand, separated from the slightly larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait. The island's area is , making it the world's 14th-largest island. It has a population of

text: The

text: North

text: Island

text: or

text: Te

text: Ika

text: Mui

text: Mori

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: main

text: islands

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: slightly

text: larger

text: but

text: much

text: less

text: populous

text: South

text: Island

text: by

text: Cook

text: Strait

text: The

text: island

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: island

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Southeast Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world), and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian peninsula around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats.

text: Madagascar

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Malagasy

text: Republic

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Africa

text: The

text: nation

text: comprises

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Madagascar

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: peripheral

text: islands

text: Following

text: the

text: prehistoric

text: breakup

text: of

text: the

text: supercontinent

text: Gondwana

text: Madagascar

text: split

text: from

text: the

text: Indian

text: peninsula

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: allowing

text: native

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: to

text: evolve

text: in

text: relative

text: isolation

text: Consequently

text: Madagascar

text: is

text: biodiversity

text: hotspot

text: over

text: of

text: its

text: wildlife

text: is

text: found

text: nowhere

text: else

text: on

text: Earth

text: The

text: island

text: 's

text: diverse

text: ecosystems

text: and

text: unique

text: wildlife

text: are

text: threatened

text: by

text: the

text: encroachment

text: of

text: the

text: rapidly

text: growing

text: human

text: population

text: and

text: other

text: environmental

text: threats

text: Modern humans ("Homo sapiens", primarily ssp. "Homo sapiens sapiens") are the only extant members of Hominina tribe (or human tribe), a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes. They are characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; manual dexterity and increased tool use, compared to other animals; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies.

text: Modern

text: humans

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: primarily

text: ssp

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: sapiens

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: extant

text: members

text: of

text: Hominina

text: tribe

text: or

text: human

text: tribe

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: tribe

text: Hominini

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: family

text: of

text: great

text: apes

text: They

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: erect

text: posture

text: and

text: bipedal

text: locomotion

text: manual

text: dexterity

text: and

text: increased

text: tool

text: use

text: compared

text: to

text: other

text: animals

text: and

text: general

text: trend

text: toward

text: larger

text: more

text: complex

text: brains

text: and

text: societies

text: Ficinia nodosa, the knotted club-rush or knobby club-rush, is a rhizomatous perennial in the family Cyperaceae, native to Australia and New Zealand. It grows to between 15 and 100 cm in height.

text: Ficinia

text: nodosa

text: the

text: knotted

text: club

text: rush

text: or

text: knobby

text: club

text: rush

text: is

text: rhizomatous

text: perennial

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Cyperaceae

text: native

text: to

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: It

text: grows

text: to

text: between

text: and

text: cm

text: in

text: height

text: A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water.

text: continent

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: very

text: large

text: landmasses

text: on

text: Earth

text: Generally

text: identified

text: by

text: convention

text: rather

text: than

text: any

text: strict

text: criteria

text: up

text: to

text: seven

text: regions

text: are

text: commonly

text: regarded

text: as

text: continents

text: Ordered

text: from

text: largest

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: smallest

text: they

text: are

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: North

text: America

text: South

text: America

text: Antarctica

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: In

text: geology

text: areas

text: of

text: continental

text: crust

text: include

text: regions

text: covered

text: with

text: water

annotations: follows single

question: parent_taxon ficinia

answer: cyperaceae

text: cyperaceae

text: cyperaceae


text: Busto Arsizio (Lombard: "Büsti Grandi") is a city and "comune", in the province of Varese, in the region of Lombardy, in northern Italy, north of Milan, but only from the north-westernmost municipality of the city Legnano. The economy of Busto Arsizio is mainly based on industry and commerce.

text: Busto

text: Arsizio

text: Lombard

text: Büsti

text: Grandi

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: comune

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Varese

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Lombardy

text: in

text: northern

text: Italy

text: north

text: of

text: Milan

text: but

text: only

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: westernmost

text: municipality

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Legnano

text: The

text: economy

text: of

text: Busto

text: Arsizio

text: is

text: mainly

text: based

text: on

text: industry

text: and

text: commerce

text: An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.

text: An

text: actor

text: or

text: actress

text: for

text: females

text: see

text: terminology

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: portrays

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: actor

text: performs

text: in

text: the

text: flesh

text: in

text: the

text: traditional

text: medium

text: of

text: the

text: theatre

text: or

text: in

text: modern

text: mediums

text: such

text: as

text: film

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: The

text: analogous

text: Greek

text: term

text: is

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: answers

text: The

text: actor

text: 's

text: interpretation

text: of

text: their

text: role

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: played

text: whether

text: based

text: on

text: real

text: person

text: or

text: fictional

text: character

text: Interpretation

text: occurs

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: actor

text: is

text: playing

text: themselves

text: as

text: in

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: experimental

text: performance

text: art

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: to

text: act

text: is

text: to

text: create

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: A fictional universe is a self-consistent imaginary setting with events, and often other elements, that differ from the real world. It may also be called an imagined, constructed or fictional realm (or world). Fictional universes may appear in novels, comics, films, television shows, video games and other creative works.

text: fictional

text: universe

text: is

text: self

text: consistent

text: imaginary

text: setting

text: with

text: events

text: and

text: often

text: other

text: elements

text: that

text: differ

text: from

text: the

text: real

text: world

text: It

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: imagined

text: constructed

text: or

text: fictional

text: realm

text: or

text: world

text: Fictional

text: universes

text: may

text: appear

text: in

text: novels

text: comics

text: films

text: television

text: shows

text: video

text: games

text: and

text: other

text: creative

text: works

text:
Bodybuilding is the use of progressive resistance exercise to control and develop one's musculature. An individual who engages in this activity is referred to as a bodybuilder. In competitive bodybuilding, bodybuilders appear in lineups doing specified poses, and later perform individual posing routines, for a panel of judges who rank the competitors based on criteria such as symmetry, muscularity and conditioning. Bodybuilders prepare for competitions through a combination of intentional dehydration, elimination of nonessential body fat and carbohydrate loading to achieve maximum vascularity, as well as tanning to accentuate muscular definition.
The winner of the annual IFBB Mr. Olympia contest is generally recognized as the world's top male professional bodybuilder. The title is currently held by Phil Heath. The winner of the Women's Physique portion of the competition is widely regarded as the world's top female professional bodybuilder. The title is currently held by Juliana Malacarne. Since 1950, the NABBA Universe Championships has been considered the top amateur bodybuilding contest with many notable winners such as Steve Reeves, Reg Park, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Lee Priest.

text: Bodybuilding

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: progressive

text: resistance

text: exercise

text: to

text: control

text: and

text: develop

text: one

text: 's

text: musculature

text: An

text: individual

text: who

text: engages

text: in

text: this

text: activity

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: bodybuilder

text: In

text: competitive

text: bodybuilding

text: bodybuilders

text: appear

text: in

text: lineups

text: doing

text: specified

text: poses

text: and

text: later

text: perform

text: individual

text: posing

text: routines

text: for

text: panel

text: of

text: judges

text: who

text: rank

text: the

text: competitors

text: based

text: on

text: criteria

text: such

text: as

text: symmetry

text: muscularity

text: and

text: conditioning

text: Bodybuilders

text: prepare

text: for

text: competitions

text: through

text: combination

text: of

text: intentional

text: dehydration

text: elimination

text: of

text: nonessential

text: body

text: fat

text: and

text: carbohydrate

text: loading

text: to

text: achieve

text: maximum

text: vascularity

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: tanning

text: to

text: accentuate

text: muscular

text: definition

text: The

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: annual

text: IFBB

text: Mr.

text: Olympia

text: contest

text: is

text: generally

text: recognized

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: top

text: male

text: professional

text: bodybuilder

text: The

text: title

text: is

text: currently

text: held

text: by

text: Phil

text: Heath

text: The

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: Women

text: 's

text: Physique

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: competition

text: is

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: top

text: female

text: professional

text: bodybuilder

text: The

text: title

text: is

text: currently

text: held

text: by

text: Juliana

text: Malacarne

text: Since

text: the

text: NABBA

text: Universe

text: Championships

text: has

text: been

text: considered

text: the

text: top

text: amateur

text: bodybuilding

text: contest

text: with

text: many

text: notable

text: winners

text: such

text: as

text: Steve

text: Reeves

text: Reg

text: Park

text: Arnold

text: Schwarzenegger

text: and

text: Lee

text: Priest

text: Luigi Cozzi (born September 7, 1947) is an Italian movie director and screenwriter who directed mainly science fiction and horror films in the mid-1970s and throughout the 1980s. He was born in 1947 in Busto Arsizio, Italy. He sometimes lists himself in film credits by his Anglicized name Lewis Coates. Cozzi also worked as an assistant director and co-screenwriter on a number of Dario Argento's most famous movies.

text: Luigi

text: Cozzi

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: Italian

text: movie

text: director

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: who

text: directed

text: mainly

text: science

text: fiction

text: and

text: horror

text: films

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: throughout

text: the

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: in

text: Busto

text: Arsizio

text: Italy

text: He

text: sometimes

text: lists

text: himself

text: in

text: film

text: credits

text: by

text: his

text: Anglicized

text: name

text: Lewis

text: Coates

text: Cozzi

text: also

text: worked

text: as

text: an

text: assistant

text: director

text: and

text: co

text: screenwriter

text: on

text: number

text: of

text: Dario

text: Argento

text: 's

text: most

text: famous

text: movies

text: The King of Queens is an American sitcom that originally ran on CBS from September 21, 1998, to May 14, 2007. The show was produced by Hanley Productions and CBS Productions (19982006), CBS Paramount Television (200607), in association with Columbia TriStar Television (19982002), and Sony Pictures Television (200207). It was filmed at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California.

text: The

text: King

text: of

text: Queens

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: sitcom

text: that

text: originally

text: ran

text: on

text: CBS

text: from

text: September

text: to

text: May

text: The

text: show

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Hanley

text: Productions

text: and

text: CBS

text: Productions

text: CBS

text: Paramount

text: Television

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: Columbia

text: TriStar

text: Television

text: and

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Television

text: It

text: was

text: filmed

text: at

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Studios

text: in

text: Culver

text: City

text: California

text: I Love You, Man (originally titled Let's Be Friends) is a 2009 American romantic comedy film directed by John Hamburg and written by Hamburg, based on a script previously by Larry Levin. The film stars Paul Rudd as a friendless man looking for a best man for his upcoming wedding. However, his new friend (Jason Segel) is straining his relationship with his bride.

text: Love

text: You

text: Man

text: originally

text: titled

text: Let

text: 's

text: Be

text: Friends

text: is

text: American

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: John

text: Hamburg

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Hamburg

text: based

text: on

text: script

text: previously

text: by

text: Larry

text: Levin

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Paul

text: Rudd

text: as

text: friendless

text: man

text: looking

text: for

text: best

text: man

text: for

text: his

text: upcoming

text: wedding

text: However

text: his

text: new

text: friend

text: Jason

text: Segel

text: is

text: straining

text: his

text: relationship

text: with

text: his

text: bride

text: Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience. The specific place of the performance is also named by the word "theatre" as derived from the Ancient Greek  (théatron, "a place for viewing"), itself from  (theáomai, "to see", "to watch", "to observe").

text: Theatre

text: or

text: theater

text: is

text: collaborative

text: form

text: of

text: fine

text: art

text: that

text: uses

text: live

text: performers

text: typically

text: actors

text: or

text: actresses

text: to

text: present

text: the

text: experience

text: of

text: real

text: or

text: imagined

text: event

text: before

text: live

text: audience

text: in

text: specific

text: place

text: often

text: stage

text: The

text: performers

text: may

text: communicate

text: this

text: experience

text: to

text: the

text: audience

text: through

text: combinations

text: of

text: gesture

text: speech

text: song

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: Elements

text: of

text: art

text: such

text: as

text: painted

text: scenery

text: and

text: stagecraft

text: such

text: as

text: lighting

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: enhance

text: the

text: physicality

text: presence

text: and

text: immediacy

text: of

text: the

text: experience

text: The

text: specific

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: performance

text: is

text: also

text: named

text: by

text: the

text: word

text: theatre

text: as

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: théatron

text: place

text: for

text: viewing

text: itself

text: from

text: theáomai

text: to

text: see

text: to

text: watch

text: to

text: observe

text: Fiction is the classification for any story or universe derived from imaginationin other words, not based strictly on history or fact. Fiction can be expressed in a variety of formats, including writings, live performances, films, television programs, animations, video games, and role-playing games, though the term originally and most commonly refers to the narrative forms of literature (see "literary" fiction), including the novel, novella, short story, and play. Fiction constitutes an act of creative invention, so that faithfulness to reality is not typically assumed; in other words, fiction is not expected to present only characters who are actual people or descriptions that are factually true. The context of fiction is generally open to interpretation, due to fiction's freedom from any necessary embedding in reality; however, some fictional works are claimed to be, or marketed as, historically or factually accurate, complicating the traditional distinction between fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is a classification or category, rather than a specific mode or genre, unless used in a narrower sense as a synonym for a particular literary fiction form.

text: Fiction

text: is

text: the

text: classification

text: for

text: any

text: story

text: or

text: universe

text: derived

text: from

text: imaginationin

text: other

text: words

text: not

text: based

text: strictly

text: on

text: history

text: or

text: fact

text: Fiction

text: can

text: be

text: expressed

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: formats

text: including

text: writings

text: live

text: performances

text: films

text: television

text: programs

text: animations

text: video

text: games

text: and

text: role

text: playing

text: games

text: though

text: the

text: term

text: originally

text: and

text: most

text: commonly

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: narrative

text: forms

text: of

text: literature

text: see

text: literary

text: fiction

text: including

text: the

text: novel

text: novella

text: short

text: story

text: and

text: play

text: Fiction

text: constitutes

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: creative

text: invention

text: so

text: that

text: faithfulness

text: to

text: reality

text: is

text: not

text: typically

text: assumed

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: fiction

text: is

text: not

text: expected

text: to

text: present

text: only

text: characters

text: who

text: are

text: actual

text: people

text: or

text: descriptions

text: that

text: are

text: factually

text: true

text: The

text: context

text: of

text: fiction

text: is

text: generally

text: open

text: to

text: interpretation

text: due

text: to

text: fiction

text: 's

text: freedom

text: from

text: any

text: necessary

text: embedding

text: in

text: reality

text: however

text: some

text: fictional

text: works

text: are

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: or

text: marketed

text: as

text: historically

text: or

text: factually

text: accurate

text: complicating

text: the

text: traditional

text: distinction

text: between

text: fiction

text: and

text: non

text: fiction

text: Fiction

text: is

text: classification

text: or

text: category

text: rather

text: than

text: specific

text: mode

text: or

text: genre

text: unless

text: used

text: in

text: narrower

text: sense

text: as

text: synonym

text: for

text: particular

text: literary

text: fiction

text: form

text: Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence, which exist in time. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives from Greek  ("mousike"; "art of the Muses"). In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound."

text: Music

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: and

text: cultural

text: activity

text: whose

text: medium

text: is

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: which

text: exist

text: in

text: time

text: The

text: common

text: elements

text: of

text: music

text: are

text: pitch

text: which

text: governs

text: melody

text: and

text: harmony

text: rhythm

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: concepts

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: articulation

text: dynamics

text: loudness

text: and

text: softness

text: and

text: the

text: sonic

text: qualities

text: of

text: timbre

text: and

text: texture

text: which

text: are

text: sometimes

text: termed

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: musical

text: sound

text: Different

text: styles

text: or

text: types

text: of

text: music

text: may

text: emphasize

text: de

text: emphasize

text: or

text: omit

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: elements

text: Music

text: is

text: performed

text: with

text: vast

text: range

text: of

text: instruments

text: and

text: vocal

text: techniques

text: ranging

text: from

text: singing

text: to

text: rapping

text: there

text: are

text: solely

text: instrumental

text: pieces

text: solely

text: vocal

text: pieces

text: such

text: as

text: songs

text: without

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: pieces

text: that

text: combine

text: singing

text: and

text: instruments

text: The

text: word

text: derives

text: from

text: Greek

text: mousike

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: Muses

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: the

text: activities

text: describing

text: music

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: music

text: songs

text: tunes

text: symphonies

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: music

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: examination

text: of

text: music

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: and

text: Indian

text: philosophers

text: defined

text: music

text: as

text: tones

text: ordered

text: horizontally

text: as

text: melodies

text: and

text: vertically

text: as

text: harmonies

text: Common

text: sayings

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: harmony

text: of

text: the

text: spheres

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: music

text: to

text: my

text: ears

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: music

text: is

text: often

text: ordered

text: and

text: pleasant

text: to

text: listen

text: to

text: However

text: century

text: composer

text: John

text: Cage

text: thought

text: that

text: any

text: sound

text: can

text: be

text: music

text: saying

text: for

text: example

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: noise

text: only

text: sound

text: CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City (at the CBS Broadcast Center) and Los Angeles (at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center).

text: CBS

text: an

text: initialism

text: of

text: the

text: network

text: 's

text: former

text: name

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: commercial

text: broadcast

text: television

text: network

text: that

text: is

text: flagship

text: property

text: of

text: CBS

text: Corporation

text: The

text: company

text: is

text: headquartered

text: at

text: the

text: CBS

text: Building

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: major

text: production

text: facilities

text: and

text: operations

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: at

text: the

text: CBS

text: Broadcast

text: Center

text: and

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: at

text: CBS

text: Television

text: City

text: and

text: the

text: CBS

text: Studio

text: Center

text: A narrative or story is any report of connected events, real or imaginary, presented in a sequence of written or spoken words, and/or still or moving images.

text: narrative

text: or

text: story

text: is

text: any

text: report

text: of

text: connected

text: events

text: real

text: or

text: imaginary

text: presented

text: in

text: sequence

text: of

text: written

text: or

text: spoken

text: words

text: and/or

text: still

text: or

text: moving

text: images

text: Pumping Iron is a 1977 docudrama about the world of bodybuilding, focusing on the 1975 IFBB Mr. Universe and Mr. Olympia competitions. Inspired by a book of the same name by Charles Gaines and George Butler, the film nominally focuses on the competition between Arnold Schwarzenegger and one of his primary competitors for the title of Mr. Olympia, Lou Ferrigno. The film also features brief segments focusing on bodybuilders Franco Columbu and Mike Katz, in addition to appearances by Ken Waller, Ed Corney, Serge Nubret, and other famous bodybuilders of the era.

text: Pumping

text: Iron

text: is

text: docudrama

text: about

text: the

text: world

text: of

text: bodybuilding

text: focusing

text: on

text: the

text: IFBB

text: Mr.

text: Universe

text: and

text: Mr.

text: Olympia

text: competitions

text: Inspired

text: by

text: book

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: by

text: Charles

text: Gaines

text: and

text: George

text: Butler

text: the

text: film

text: nominally

text: focuses

text: on

text: the

text: competition

text: between

text: Arnold

text: Schwarzenegger

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: primary

text: competitors

text: for

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Mr.

text: Olympia

text: Lou

text: Ferrigno

text: The

text: film

text: also

text: features

text: brief

text: segments

text: focusing

text: on

text: bodybuilders

text: Franco

text: Columbu

text: and

text: Mike

text: Katz

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: appearances

text: by

text: Ken

text: Waller

text: Ed

text: Corney

text: Serge

text: Nubret

text: and

text: other

text: famous

text: bodybuilders

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: A situation comedy, or sitcom, is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy where a comedian tells jokes and stories to an audience. Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one9 of its dominant narrative forms. This form can also include mockumentaries.

text: situation

text: comedy

text: or

text: sitcom

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: comedy

text: centered

text: on

text: fixed

text: set

text: of

text: characters

text: who

text: carry

text: over

text: from

text: episode

text: to

text: episode

text: Sitcoms

text: can

text: be

text: contrasted

text: with

text: sketch

text: comedy

text: where

text: troupe

text: may

text: use

text: new

text: characters

text: in

text: each

text: sketch

text: and

text: stand

text: up

text: comedy

text: where

text: comedian

text: tells

text: jokes

text: and

text: stories

text: to

text: an

text: audience

text: Sitcoms

text: originated

text: in

text: radio

text: but

text: today

text: are

text: found

text: mostly

text: on

text: television

text: as

text: of

text: its

text: dominant

text: narrative

text: forms

text: This

text: form

text: can

text: also

text: include

text: mockumentaries

text: A video game is an electronic game that involves human or animal interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word "video" in "video game" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.

text: video

text: game

text: is

text: an

text: electronic

text: game

text: that

text: involves

text: human

text: or

text: animal

text: interaction

text: with

text: user

text: interface

text: to

text: generate

text: visual

text: feedback

text: on

text: video

text: device

text: such

text: as

text: TV

text: screen

text: or

text: computer

text: monitor

text: The

text: word

text: video

text: in

text: video

text: game

text: traditionally

text: referred

text: to

text: raster

text: display

text: device

text: but

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: it

text: implies

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: display

text: device

text: that

text: can

text: produce

text: two-

text: or

text: three

text: dimensional

text: images

text: Some

text: theorists

text: categorize

text: video

text: games

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: but

text: this

text: designation

text: is

text: controversial

text: A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques; by means of CGI and computer animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects.

text: film

text: also

text: called

text: movie

text: motion

text: picture

text: theatrical

text: film

text: or

text: photoplay

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: still

text: images

text: which

text: when

text: shown

text: on

text: screen

text: creates

text: the

text: illusion

text: of

text: moving

text: images

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: This

text: optical

text: illusion

text: causes

text: the

text: audience

text: to

text: perceive

text: continuous

text: motion

text: between

text: separate

text: objects

text: viewed

text: rapidly

text: in

text: succession

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: is

text: both

text: an

text: art

text: and

text: an

text: industry

text: film

text: is

text: created

text: by

text: photographing

text: actual

text: scenes

text: with

text: motion

text: picture

text: camera

text: by

text: photographing

text: drawings

text: or

text: miniature

text: models

text: using

text: traditional

text: animation

text: techniques

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: CGI

text: and

text: computer

text: animation

text: or

text: by

text: combination

text: of

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: techniques

text: and

text: other

text: visual

text: effects

text: Dario Argento (born 7 September 1940) is an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for his work in the horror film genre, particularly in the subgenre known as giallo, and for his influence on modern horror movies.

text: Dario

text: Argento

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: Italian

text: film

text: director

text: producer

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: horror

text: film

text: genre

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: subgenre

text: known

text: as

text: giallo

text: and

text: for

text: his

text: influence

text: on

text: modern

text: horror

text: movies

text: The Adventures of Hercules ( Italian : Le avventure dell'incredibile Ercole ) , also known as Hercules II , is the 1985 sequel to the 1983 film Hercules . It was written and directed by Luigi Cozzi ( credited as Lewis Coates in the American release ) who also directed the previous film , and had Lou Ferrigno reprising his role as the title character . Pino Donaggio 's music for the first film is reused here in lieu of an original score .

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Hercules

text: Italian

text: Le

text: avventure

text: dell'incredibile

text: Ercole

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Hercules

text: II

text: is

text: the

text: sequel

text: to

text: the

text: film

text: Hercules

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Luigi

text: Cozzi

text: credited

text: as

text: Lewis

text: Coates

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: release

text: who

text: also

text: directed

text: the

text: previous

text: film

text: and

text: had

text: Lou

text: Ferrigno

text: reprising

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: Pino

text: Donaggio

text: 's

text: music

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: film

text: is

text: reused

text: here

text: in

text: lieu

text: of

text: an

text: original

text: score

text: Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. It can refer to a television set, a television program ("TV show"), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium, for entertainment, education, news, and advertising.

text: Television

text: or

text: TV

text: is

text: telecommunication

text: medium

text: used

text: for

text: transmitting

text: moving

text: images

text: in

text: monochrome

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: or

text: in

text: color

text: and

text: in

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: dimensions

text: and

text: sound

text: It

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: television

text: set

text: television

text: program

text: TV

text: show

text: or

text: the

text: medium

text: of

text: television

text: transmission

text: Television

text: is

text: mass

text: medium

text: for

text: entertainment

text: education

text: news

text: and

text: advertising

text: A document is a written, drawn, presented or recorded representation of thoughts. Originating from the Latin "Documentum" meaning lesson - the verb doce means to teach, and is pronounced similarly, in the past it was usually used as a term for a written proof used as evidence. In the computer age, a document is usually used to describe a primarily textual file, along with its structure and design, such as fonts, colors and additional images.

text: document

text: is

text: written

text: drawn

text: presented

text: or

text: recorded

text: representation

text: of

text: thoughts

text: Originating

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: Documentum

text: meaning

text: lesson

text: the

text: verb

text: doce

text: means

text: to

text: teach

text: and

text: is

text: pronounced

text: similarly

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: it

text: was

text: usually

text: used

text: as

text: term

text: for

text: written

text: proof

text: used

text: as

text: evidence

text: In

text: the

text: computer

text: age

text: document

text: is

text: usually

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: primarily

text: textual

text: file

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: structure

text: and

text: design

text: such

text: as

text: fonts

text: colors

text: and

text: additional

text: images

text: Sinbad of the Seven Seas is a 1989 Italian fantasy film produced and directed by Enzo G. Castellari from a story by Luigi Cozzi, revolving around the adventures of Sinbad the Sailor. Sinbad must recover five magical stones to free the city of Basra from the evil spell cast by a wizard, which his journey takes him to mysterious islands and he must battle magical creatures in order to save the world.

text: Sinbad

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Seas

text: is

text: Italian

text: fantasy

text: film

text: produced

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Enzo

text: Castellari

text: from

text: story

text: by

text: Luigi

text: Cozzi

text: revolving

text: around

text: the

text: adventures

text: of

text: Sinbad

text: the

text: Sailor

text: Sinbad

text: must

text: recover

text: five

text: magical

text: stones

text: to

text: free

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Basra

text: from

text: the

text: evil

text: spell

text: cast

text: by

text: wizard

text: which

text: his

text: journey

text: takes

text: him

text: to

text: mysterious

text: islands

text: and

text: he

text: must

text: battle

text: magical

text: creatures

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: save

text: the

text: world

text: A sequel is a narrative, documental, or other work of literature, film, theatre, television, music, or video game that continues the story of, or expands upon, some earlier work. In the common context of a narrative work of fiction, a sequel portrays events set in the same fictional universe as an earlier work, usually chronologically following the events of that work.

text: sequel

text: is

text: narrative

text: documental

text: or

text: other

text: work

text: of

text: literature

text: film

text: theatre

text: television

text: music

text: or

text: video

text: game

text: that

text: continues

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: or

text: expands

text: upon

text: some

text: earlier

text: work

text: In

text: the

text: common

text: context

text: of

text: narrative

text: work

text: of

text: fiction

text: sequel

text: portrays

text: events

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: fictional

text: universe

text: as

text: an

text: earlier

text: work

text: usually

text: chronologically

text: following

text: the

text: events

text: of

text: that

text: work

text: Louis Jude "Lou" Ferrigno (born November 9, 1951) is an American actor, fitness trainer, fitness consultant and retired professional bodybuilder. As a bodybuilder, Ferrigno won an IFBB Mr. America title and two consecutive IFBB Mr. Universe titles, and appeared in the bodybuilding documentary "Pumping Iron". As an actor, he is best known for his title role in the CBS television series "The Incredible Hulk" and vocally reprising the role in subsequent animated and computer-generated incarnations. He has also appeared in European-produced fantasy-adventures such as "Sinbad of the Seven Seas" and "Hercules", and as himself in the sitcom "The King of Queens" and the 2009 comedy "I Love You, Man".

text: Louis

text: Jude

text: Lou

text: Ferrigno

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: fitness

text: trainer

text: fitness

text: consultant

text: and

text: retired

text: professional

text: bodybuilder

text: As

text: bodybuilder

text: Ferrigno

text: won

text: an

text: IFBB

text: Mr.

text: America

text: title

text: and

text: two

text: consecutive

text: IFBB

text: Mr.

text: Universe

text: titles

text: and

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: bodybuilding

text: documentary

text: Pumping

text: Iron

text: As

text: an

text: actor

text: he

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: title

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: CBS

text: television

text: series

text: The

text: Incredible

text: Hulk

text: and

text: vocally

text: reprising

text: the

text: role

text: in

text: subsequent

text: animated

text: and

text: computer

text: generated

text: incarnations

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: appeared

text: in

text: European

text: produced

text: fantasy

text: adventures

text: such

text: as

text: Sinbad

text: of

text: the

text: Seven

text: Seas

text: and

text: Hercules

text: and

text: as

text: himself

text: in

text: the

text: sitcom

text: The

text: King

text: of

text: Queens

text: and

text: the

text: comedy

text: Love

text: You

text: Man

text: Literature, in its broadest sense, is any single body of written works. More restrictively, it is writing considered as an art form, or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage. Its Latin root "literatura"/"litteratura" (derived itself from "littera": "letter" or "handwriting") was used to refer to all written accounts, though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung (oral literature). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).

text: Literature

text: in

text: its

text: broadest

text: sense

text: is

text: any

text: single

text: body

text: of

text: written

text: works

text: More

text: restrictively

text: it

text: is

text: writing

text: considered

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: or

text: any

text: single

text: writing

text: deemed

text: to

text: have

text: artistic

text: or

text: intellectual

text: value

text: often

text: due

text: to

text: deploying

text: language

text: in

text: ways

text: that

text: differ

text: from

text: ordinary

text: usage

text: Its

text: Latin

text: root

text: literatura"/"litteratura

text: derived

text: itself

text: from

text: littera

text: letter

text: or

text: handwriting

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: all

text: written

text: accounts

text: though

text: contemporary

text: definitions

text: extend

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: include

text: texts

text: that

text: are

text: spoken

text: or

text: sung

text: oral

text: literature

text: Literature

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: according

text: to

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: fiction

text: or

text: non

text: fiction

text: and

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: poetry

text: or

text: prose

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: further

text: distinguished

text: according

text: to

text: major

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: novel

text: short

text: story

text: or

text: drama

text: and

text: works

text: are

text: often

text: categorized

text: according

text: to

text: historical

text: periods

text: or

text: their

text: adherence

text: to

text: certain

text: aesthetic

text: features

text: or

text: expectations

text: genre

annotations: likely multiple

question: genre the adventures of hercules

answer: fantasy film

text: fantasy film


text: A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially with no spoken dialogue. The silent film era lasted from 1895 to 1936. In silent films for entertainment, the dialogue is transmitted through muted gestures, mime and title cards which contain a written indication of the plot or key dialogue. The idea of combining motion pictures with recorded sound is nearly as old as film itself, but because of the technical challenges involved, synchronized dialogue was only made practical in the late 1920s with the perfection of the Audion amplifier tube and the introduction of the Vitaphone system. During silent films, a pianist, theatre organist, or, in large cities, even a small orchestra would often play music to accompany the films. Pianists and organists would either play from sheet music or improvise; an orchestra would play from sheet music.

text: silent

text: film

text: is

text: film

text: with

text: no

text: synchronized

text: recorded

text: sound

text: especially

text: with

text: no

text: spoken

text: dialogue

text: The

text: silent

text: film

text: era

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: In

text: silent

text: films

text: for

text: entertainment

text: the

text: dialogue

text: is

text: transmitted

text: through

text: muted

text: gestures

text: mime

text: and

text: title

text: cards

text: which

text: contain

text: written

text: indication

text: of

text: the

text: plot

text: or

text: key

text: dialogue

text: The

text: idea

text: of

text: combining

text: motion

text: pictures

text: with

text: recorded

text: sound

text: is

text: nearly

text: as

text: old

text: as

text: film

text: itself

text: but

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: technical

text: challenges

text: involved

text: synchronized

text: dialogue

text: was

text: only

text: made

text: practical

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: with

text: the

text: perfection

text: of

text: the

text: Audion

text: amplifier

text: tube

text: and

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: Vitaphone

text: system

text: During

text: silent

text: films

text: pianist

text: theatre

text: organist

text: or

text: in

text: large

text: cities

text: even

text: small

text: orchestra

text: would

text: often

text: play

text: music

text: to

text: accompany

text: the

text: films

text: Pianists

text: and

text: organists

text: would

text: either

text: play

text: from

text: sheet

text: music

text: or

text: improvise

text: an

text: orchestra

text: would

text: play

text: from

text: sheet

text: music

text: Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone was the last major analog sound-on-disc system and the only one which was widely used and commercially successful. The soundtrack was not printed on the film itself, but issued separately on phonograph records. The discs, recorded at  rpm (a speed first used for this system) and typically in diameter, would be played on a turntable physically coupled to the projector motor while the film was being projected. Many early talkies, such as "The Jazz Singer" (1927), used the Vitaphone system. The name "Vitaphone" derived from the Latin and Greek words, respectively, for "living" and "sound".

text: Vitaphone

text: was

text: sound

text: film

text: system

text: used

text: for

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: nearly

text: short

text: subjects

text: made

text: by

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: and

text: its

text: sister

text: studio

text: First

text: National

text: from

text: to

text: Vitaphone

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: major

text: analog

text: sound

text: on

text: disc

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: which

text: was

text: widely

text: used

text: and

text: commercially

text: successful

text: The

text: soundtrack

text: was

text: not

text: printed

text: on

text: the

text: film

text: itself

text: but

text: issued

text: separately

text: on

text: phonograph

text: records

text: The

text: discs

text: recorded

text: at

text: rpm

text: speed

text: first

text: used

text: for

text: this

text: system

text: and

text: typically

text: in

text: diameter

text: would

text: be

text: played

text: on

text: turntable

text: physically

text: coupled

text: to

text: the

text: projector

text: motor

text: while

text: the

text: film

text: was

text: being

text: projected

text: Many

text: early

text: talkies

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Jazz

text: Singer

text: used

text: the

text: Vitaphone

text: system

text: The

text: name

text: Vitaphone

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: and

text: Greek

text: words

text: respectively

text: for

text: living

text: and

text: sound

text: Mack Sennett (born Michael Sinnott; January 17, 1880  November 5, 1960) was a Canadian-born American director and actor and was known as an innovator of slapstick comedy in film. During his lifetime he was known at times as the "King of Comedy". His short "Wrestling Swordfish" was awarded the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 1932 and he earned an Academy Honorary Award in 1937.

text: Mack

text: Sennett

text: born

text: Michael

text: Sinnott

text: January

text: November

text: was

text: Canadian

text: born

text: American

text: director

text: and

text: actor

text: and

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: innovator

text: of

text: slapstick

text: comedy

text: in

text: film

text: During

text: his

text: lifetime

text: he

text: was

text: known

text: at

text: times

text: as

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Comedy

text: His

text: short

text: Wrestling

text: Swordfish

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Live

text: Action

text: Short

text: Film

text: in

text: and

text: he

text: earned

text: an

text: Academy

text: Honorary

text: Award

text: in

text: Keystone Studios was an early movie studio founded in Edendale, California (which is now a part of Echo Park) on July 4, 1912 as the Keystone Pictures Studio by Mack Sennett (1880-1960) with backing from actor-writer Adam Kessel (1866-1946) and Charles O. Baumann (1874-1931), owners of the New York Motion Picture Company (founded 1909). The company filmed in and around Glendale and Silver Lake, Los Angeles, California for several years, and its films were distributed by the Mutual Film Corporation between 1912 and 1915.

text: Keystone

text: Studios

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: movie

text: studio

text: founded

text: in

text: Edendale

text: California

text: which

text: is

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: Echo

text: Park

text: on

text: July

text: as

text: the

text: Keystone

text: Pictures

text: Studio

text: by

text: Mack

text: Sennett

text: with

text: backing

text: from

text: actor

text: writer

text: Adam

text: Kessel

text: and

text: Charles

text: Baumann

text: owners

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Company

text: founded

text: The

text: company

text: filmed

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Glendale

text: and

text: Silver

text: Lake

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: films

text: were

text: distributed

text: by

text: the

text: Mutual

text: Film

text: Corporation

text: between

text: and

text: Molly O is a 1921 American silent film starring Mabel Normand and directed by F. Richard Jones .

text: Molly

text: is

text: American

text: silent

text: film

text: starring

text: Mabel

text: Normand

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Richard

text: Jones

text:
Mabel Normand (November 9, 1892  February 23, 1930) was an American silent film actress, screenwriter, director, and producer. She was a popular star and collaborator of Mack Sennett in his Keystone Studios films and, at the height of her career in the late 1910s and early 1920s, had her own movie studio and production company. Onscreen, she appeared in 12 successful films with Charles Chaplin and 17 with Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, sometimes writing and directing (or co-writing/directing) movies featuring Chaplin as her leading man.
Throughout the 1920s, her name was linked with widely publicized scandals, including the 1922 murder of William Desmond Taylor and the 1924 shooting of Courtland S. Dines, who was shot by Normand's chauffeur using her pistol. She was not a suspect in either crime. Her film career declined, possibly due to both scandals and a recurrence of tuberculosis in 1923, which led to a decline in her health, retirement from films, and her death in 1930 at age 37.

text: Mabel

text: Normand

text: November

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: silent

text: film

text: actress

text: screenwriter

text: director

text: and

text: producer

text: She

text: was

text: popular

text: star

text: and

text: collaborator

text: of

text: Mack

text: Sennett

text: in

text: his

text: Keystone

text: Studios

text: films

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: her

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: had

text: her

text: own

text: movie

text: studio

text: and

text: production

text: company

text: Onscreen

text: she

text: appeared

text: in

text: successful

text: films

text: with

text: Charles

text: Chaplin

text: and

text: with

text: Roscoe

text: Fatty

text: Arbuckle

text: sometimes

text: writing

text: and

text: directing

text: or

text: co

text: writing

text: directing

text: movies

text: featuring

text: Chaplin

text: as

text: her

text: leading

text: man

text: Throughout

text: the

text: her

text: name

text: was

text: linked

text: with

text: widely

text: publicized

text: scandals

text: including

text: the

text: murder

text: of

text: William

text: Desmond

text: Taylor

text: and

text: the

text: shooting

text: of

text: Courtland

text: Dines

text: who

text: was

text: shot

text: by

text: Normand

text: 's

text: chauffeur

text: using

text: her

text: pistol

text: She

text: was

text: not

text: suspect

text: in

text: either

text: crime

text: Her

text: film

text: career

text: declined

text: possibly

text: due

text: to

text: both

text: scandals

text: and

text: recurrence

text: of

text: tuberculosis

text: in

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: decline

text: in

text: her

text: health

text: retirement

text: from

text: films

text: and

text: her

text: death

text: in

text: at

text: age

annotations: follows multiple

question: distributor molly o

answer: first national

text: first national