text: The National Unity Alliance was a political alliance in Sri Lanka. Founded in 1999, the alliance ceased to exist in 2010 when its remaining members joined the Sri Lanka Freedom Party.

text: The

text: National

text: Unity

text: Alliance

text: was

text: political

text: alliance

text: in

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Founded

text: in

text: the

text: alliance

text: ceased

text: to

text: exist

text: in

text: when

text: its

text: remaining

text: members

text: joined

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Freedom

text: Party

text: The Maldives (, or ), officially the Republic of Maldives (""), is a South Asian island country, located in the Indian Ocean. It lies southwest of India and Sri Lanka. The chain of twenty-six atolls stretches from Ihavandhippolhu Atoll in the north to the Addu City in the south. Comprising a territory spanning roughly , the Maldives is one of the world's most geographically dispersed countries, as well as the smallest Asian country by both land area and population, with a little over 393,500 inhabitants. Malé is the capital and most populated city, traditionally called the "King's Island" for its central location.

text: The

text: Maldives

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Maldives

text: is

text: South

text: Asian

text: island

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: It

text: lies

text: southwest

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: The

text: chain

text: of

text: twenty

text: six

text: atolls

text: stretches

text: from

text: Ihavandhippolhu

text: Atoll

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: Addu

text: City

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Comprising

text: territory

text: spanning

text: roughly

text: the

text: Maldives

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: geographically

text: dispersed

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: smallest

text: Asian

text: country

text: by

text: both

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: with

text: little

text: over

text: inhabitants

text: Malé

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: city

text: traditionally

text: called

text: the

text: King

text: 's

text: Island

text: for

text: its

text: central

text: location

text: Mahinda Amaraweera (Sinhala:  ) (born February 12, 1962) is a Sri Lankan politician. He is the present Minister of Fisheries . He is representative of Hambantota District for the United People's Freedom Alliance in the Parliament of Sri Lanka. He's residence is in Colombo.

text: Mahinda

text: Amaraweera

text: Sinhala

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: politician

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: present

text: Minister

text: of

text: Fisheries

text: He

text: is

text: representative

text: of

text: Hambantota

text: District

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: People

text: 's

text: Freedom

text: Alliance

text: in

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: He

text: 's

text: residence

text: is

text: in

text: Colombo

text: A political alliance, also referred to as a political coalition, political bloc, is an agreement for cooperation between different political parties on common political agenda, often for purposes of contesting an election to mutually benefit by collectively clearing election thresholds, or otherwise benefiting from characteristics of the voting system or for government formation after elections.

text: political

text: alliance

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: political

text: coalition

text: political

text: bloc

text: is

text: an

text: agreement

text: for

text: cooperation

text: between

text: different

text: political

text: parties

text: on

text: common

text: political

text: agenda

text: often

text: for

text: purposes

text: of

text: contesting

text: an

text: election

text: to

text: mutually

text: benefit

text: by

text: collectively

text: clearing

text: election

text: thresholds

text: or

text: otherwise

text: benefiting

text: from

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: voting

text: system

text: or

text: for

text: government

text: formation

text: after

text: elections

text: The Sri Lanka Muslim Congress is a political party in Sri Lanka.

text: The

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Muslim

text: Congress

text: is

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: A nation (from Latin: "natio", "people, tribe, kin, genus, class, flock") is a large group or collective of people with common characteristics attributed to them  including language, traditions, "mores" (customs), "habitus" (habits), and ethnicity. By comparison, a nation is more impersonal, abstract, and overtly political than an ethnic group. It is a cultural-political community that has become conscious of its autonomy, unity, and particular interests.

text: nation

text: from

text: Latin

text: natio

text: people

text: tribe

text: kin

text: genus

text: class

text: flock

text: is

text: large

text: group

text: or

text: collective

text: of

text: people

text: with

text: common

text: characteristics

text: attributed

text: to

text: them

text: including

text: language

text: traditions

text: mores

text: customs

text: habitus

text: habits

text: and

text: ethnicity

text: By

text: comparison

text: nation

text: is

text: more

text: impersonal

text: abstract

text: and

text: overtly

text: political

text: than

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: It

text: is

text: cultural

text: political

text: community

text: that

text: has

text: become

text: conscious

text: of

text: its

text: autonomy

text: unity

text: and

text: particular

text: interests

text: The President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ("Sri Lanka Janadhipathi") is the elected head of state and head of government of Sri Lanka. The President leads the executive branch of the Sri Lankan government and is the commander-in-chief of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces.

text: The

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Janadhipathi

text: is

text: the

text: elected

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: and

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: The

text: President

text: leads

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: government

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: Proportional representation ("PR") characterizes electoral systems by which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If "n"% of the electorate support a particular political party, then roughly "n"% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result: not just a plurality, or a bare majority, of them. Proportional representation requires the use of multiple-member voting districts (also called super-districts); it is not possible using single-member districts alone. In fact, the most proportional representation is achieved when just one super-district is used.

text: Proportional

text: representation

text: PR

text: characterizes

text: electoral

text: systems

text: by

text: which

text: divisions

text: in

text: an

text: electorate

text: are

text: reflected

text: proportionately

text: in

text: the

text: elected

text: body

text: If

text: n"%

text: of

text: the

text: electorate

text: support

text: particular

text: political

text: party

text: then

text: roughly

text: n"%

text: of

text: seats

text: will

text: be

text: won

text: by

text: that

text: party

text: The

text: essence

text: of

text: such

text: systems

text: is

text: that

text: all

text: votes

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: result

text: not

text: just

text: plurality

text: or

text: bare

text: majority

text: of

text: them

text: Proportional

text: representation

text: requires

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: multiple

text: member

text: voting

text: districts

text: also

text: called

text: super

text: districts

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: using

text: single

text: member

text: districts

text: alone

text: In

text: fact

text: the

text: most

text: proportional

text: representation

text: is

text: achieved

text: when

text: just

text: one

text: super

text: district

text: is

text: used

text: Ferial Ismail Ashraff ( born August 20 , 1953 ) is a Sri Lankan politician . She was the wife of M. H. M. Ashraff , the deceased leader of the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress and the National Unity Alliance . She was the Minister of Housing and Common Amenities under President Chandrika Kumaratunga . She was a representative of Ampara District for the United People 's Freedom Alliance in the Parliament of Sri Lanka . She resides in Colombo . In 2010 , she was appointed to the board of the National Institute of Education . In 2011 she was appointed to the position of ambassador to Singapore .

text: Ferial

text: Ismail

text: Ashraff

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: politician

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: Ashraff

text: the

text: deceased

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Muslim

text: Congress

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Unity

text: Alliance

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: Minister

text: of

text: Housing

text: and

text: Common

text: Amenities

text: under

text: President

text: Chandrika

text: Kumaratunga

text: She

text: was

text: representative

text: of

text: Ampara

text: District

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: People

text: 's

text: Freedom

text: Alliance

text: in

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: She

text: resides

text: in

text: Colombo

text: In

text: she

text: was

text: appointed

text: to

text: the

text: board

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Institute

text: of

text: Education

text: In

text: she

text: was

text: appointed

text: to

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: ambassador

text: to

text: Singapore

text: Colombo (Sinhala:  "Kolamba", pronounced ) is the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka. According to the Brookings Institution, Colombo metropolitan area has a population of 5.6 million, and 752,993 in the city proper. It is the financial centre of the island and a popular tourist destination. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, the legislative capital of Sri Lanka. Colombo is often referred to as the capital since Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is within the urban area of, and a satellite city of, Colombo. It is also the administrative capital of Western Province, Sri Lanka and the district capital of Colombo District. Colombo is a busy and vibrant place with a mixture of modern life and colonial buildings and ruins. It was the legislative capital of Sri Lanka until 1982.

text: Colombo

text: Sinhala

text: Kolamba

text: pronounced

text: is

text: the

text: commercial

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Brookings

text: Institution

text: Colombo

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: proper

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: financial

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: popular

text: tourist

text: destination

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: adjacent

text: to

text: Sri

text: Jayawardenepura

text: Kotte

text: the

text: legislative

text: capital

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Colombo

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: since

text: Sri

text: Jayawardenepura

text: Kotte

text: is

text: within

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: satellite

text: city

text: of

text: Colombo

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: administrative

text: capital

text: of

text: Western

text: Province

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: district

text: capital

text: of

text: Colombo

text: District

text: Colombo

text: is

text: busy

text: and

text: vibrant

text: place

text: with

text: mixture

text: of

text: modern

text: life

text: and

text: colonial

text: buildings

text: and

text: ruins

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: legislative

text: capital

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: until

text: Sri Lanka (or ; Sinhalese:   ', Tamil:  "Ilakai"), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (formerly known as Ceylon), is an island country in South Asia near south-east India. Sri Lanka has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the southwest.

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: or

text: Sinhalese

text: Tamil

text: Ilakai

text: officially

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Ceylon

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: near

text: south

text: east

text: India

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: has

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The Parliament of Sri Lanka (Sinhala:    "Sri Lanka Parlimenthuwa") is the 225-member unicameral legislature of Sri Lanka. The members of Parliament are elected by proportional representation for five-year terms, with universal suffrage. Parliament reserves the power to make all laws. It is modeled after the British Parliament.

text: The

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Sinhala

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Parlimenthuwa

text: is

text: the

text: unicameral

text: legislature

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: The

text: members

text: of

text: Parliament

text: are

text: elected

text: by

text: proportional

text: representation

text: for

text: five

text: year

text: terms

text: with

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: Parliament

text: reserves

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: make

text: all

text: laws

text: It

text: is

text: modeled

text: after

text: the

text: British

text: Parliament

text: Chandrika Bandaranaike Kumaratunga (; born 29 June 1945) is a Sri Lankan politician who served as the fifth President of Sri Lanka, from 12 November 1994 to 19 November 2005. The country's only female president to date, she is the daughter of two former prime ministers and was the leader of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) until the end of 2005.

text: Chandrika

text: Bandaranaike

text: Kumaratunga

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: politician

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: fifth

text: President

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: from

text: November

text: to

text: November

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: only

text: female

text: president

text: to

text: date

text: she

text: is

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: two

text: former

text: prime

text: ministers

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Freedom

text: Party

text: SLFP

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: The United People's Freedom Alliance is a political alliance in Sri Lanka. The current leader of the United People's Freedom Alliance (UPFA) is Maithripala Sirisena and Mahinda Amaraweera is the general secretary of UPFA.

text: The

text: United

text: People

text: 's

text: Freedom

text: Alliance

text: is

text: political

text: alliance

text: in

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: The

text: current

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: People

text: 's

text: Freedom

text: Alliance

text: UPFA

text: is

text: Maithripala

text: Sirisena

text: and

text: Mahinda

text: Amaraweera

text: is

text: the

text: general

text: secretary

text: of

text: UPFA

text: Lanka is the name given in Hindu mythology to the island fortress capital of the legendary demon king Ravana in the epics of the "Ramayana" and the "Mahabharata". The fortress was situated on a plateau between three mountain peaks known as the Trikuta Mountains. The ancient city of Lankapura is thought to have been burnt down by Hanuman. After its king, Ravana, was killed by Rama with the help of Ravana's brother Vibhishana, the latter was crowned king of Lankapura. The mythological site of Lank is identified with Sri Lanka. His descendants were said to still rule the kingdom during the period of the Pandavas. According to the "Mahabharata", the Pandava Sahadeva visited this kingdom during his southern military campaign for the rajasuya of Yudhishthira.

text: Lanka

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: in

text: Hindu

text: mythology

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: fortress

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: legendary

text: demon

text: king

text: Ravana

text: in

text: the

text: epics

text: of

text: the

text: Ramayana

text: and

text: the

text: Mahabharata

text: The

text: fortress

text: was

text: situated

text: on

text: plateau

text: between

text: three

text: mountain

text: peaks

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Trikuta

text: Mountains

text: The

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Lankapura

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: burnt

text: down

text: by

text: Hanuman

text: After

text: its

text: king

text: Ravana

text: was

text: killed

text: by

text: Rama

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: Ravana

text: 's

text: brother

text: Vibhishana

text: the

text: latter

text: was

text: crowned

text: king

text: of

text: Lankapura

text: The

text: mythological

text: site

text: of

text: Lank

text: is

text: identified

text: with

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: His

text: descendants

text: were

text: said

text: to

text: still

text: rule

text: the

text: kingdom

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Pandavas

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Mahabharata

text: the

text: Pandava

text: Sahadeva

text: visited

text: this

text: kingdom

text: during

text: his

text: southern

text: military

text: campaign

text: for

text: the

text: rajasuya

text: of

text: Yudhishthira

text: The concept of universal suffrage, also known as general suffrage or common suffrage, consists of the right to vote of all except a small number of adult citizens (or subjects). As minors are generally excluded, the concept is frequently described as "universal adult suffrage". Many countries make an exception for small numbers of adults that are considered mentally incapable of voting. Other countries also exclude people convicted of serious crimes or people in jail, but this is considered a violation of a basic human right in an increasing number of countries. In some countries, including the United States, it is very difficult and expensive for convicted criminals to regain this right even after having served their jail sentence. In any case, where universal suffrage exists, the right to vote is not restricted by race, sex, belief, wealth, or social status.

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: general

text: suffrage

text: or

text: common

text: suffrage

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: vote

text: of

text: all

text: except

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: adult

text: citizens

text: or

text: subjects

text: As

text: minors

text: are

text: generally

text: excluded

text: the

text: concept

text: is

text: frequently

text: described

text: as

text: universal

text: adult

text: suffrage

text: Many

text: countries

text: make

text: an

text: exception

text: for

text: small

text: numbers

text: of

text: adults

text: that

text: are

text: considered

text: mentally

text: incapable

text: of

text: voting

text: Other

text: countries

text: also

text: exclude

text: people

text: convicted

text: of

text: serious

text: crimes

text: or

text: people

text: in

text: jail

text: but

text: this

text: is

text: considered

text: violation

text: of

text: basic

text: human

text: right

text: in

text: an

text: increasing

text: number

text: of

text: countries

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: very

text: difficult

text: and

text: expensive

text: for

text: convicted

text: criminals

text: to

text: regain

text: this

text: right

text: even

text: after

text: having

text: served

text: their

text: jail

text: sentence

text: In

text: any

text: case

text: where

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: exists

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: vote

text: is

text: not

text: restricted

text: by

text: race

text: sex

text: belief

text: wealth

text: or

text: social

text: status

text: The Sri Lanka Freedom Party is one of the major political parties in Sri Lanka. It was founded by S.W.R.D Bandaranaike in 1951 and, since then, has been one of the two largest parties in the Sri Lankan political arena. It first came to power in 1956 and since then has been the predominant party in government on a number of occasions. The party is generally considered as having a socialist or progressive economic agenda and is often associated with nationalist Sinhala parties. The Sri Lanka Freedom Party is a main constituent party in the United People's Freedom Alliance.

text: The

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Freedom

text: Party

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: political

text: parties

text: in

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: S.W.R.D

text: Bandaranaike

text: in

text: and

text: since

text: then

text: has

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: largest

text: parties

text: in

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: political

text: arena

text: It

text: first

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: and

text: since

text: then

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: predominant

text: party

text: in

text: government

text: on

text: number

text: of

text: occasions

text: The

text: party

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: having

text: socialist

text: or

text: progressive

text: economic

text: agenda

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: nationalist

text: Sinhala

text: parties

text: The

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Freedom

text: Party

text: is

text: main

text: constituent

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: People

text: 's

text: Freedom

text: Alliance

question: member_of_political_party ferial ashraff

answer: sri lanka freedom party

text: sri lanka freedom party

text: sri lanka freedom party

text: sri lanka freedom party

text: sri lanka freedom party


text: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO  '), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. Three NATO members are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and are officially nuclear-weapon states: the United States, France and the United Kingdom. NATO's headquarters are located in Haren, Brussels, Belgium, where the Supreme Allied Commander also resides. Belgium is one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe, the newest of which, Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009. An additional 22 countries participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace program, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the global total. Members' defence spending is supposed to amount to 2% of GDP.

text: The

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Alliance

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: military

text: alliance

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: which

text: was

text: signed

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: organization

text: constitutes

text: system

text: of

text: collective

text: defence

text: whereby

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: agree

text: to

text: mutual

text: defence

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: an

text: attack

text: by

text: any

text: external

text: party

text: Three

text: NATO

text: members

text: are

text: permanent

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: veto

text: and

text: are

text: officially

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: states

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: NATO

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Haren

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

text: where

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: also

text: resides

text: Belgium

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: across

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: the

text: newest

text: of

text: which

text: Albania

text: and

text: Croatia

text: joined

text: in

text: April

text: An

text: additional

text: countries

text: participate

text: in

text: NATO

text: 's

text: Partnership

text: for

text: Peace

text: program

text: with

text: other

text: countries

text: involved

text: in

text: institutionalized

text: dialogue

text: programmes

text: The

text: combined

text: military

text: spending

text: of

text: all

text: NATO

text: members

text: constitutes

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: total

text: Members

text: defence

text: spending

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: amount

text: to

text: of

text: GDP

text: An assault rifle is a selective-fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles were first used during World War II. Though Western nations were slow to accept the assault rifle concept after World War II, by the end of the 20th century they had become the standard weapon in most of the world's armies, replacing semi-automatic rifles, battle rifles and sub-machine guns in most roles. Examples include the StG 44, AK-47 and the M16 rifle.

text: An

text: assault

text: rifle

text: is

text: selective

text: fire

text: rifle

text: that

text: uses

text: an

text: intermediate

text: cartridge

text: and

text: detachable

text: magazine

text: Assault

text: rifles

text: were

text: first

text: used

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Though

text: Western

text: nations

text: were

text: slow

text: to

text: accept

text: the

text: assault

text: rifle

text: concept

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: they

text: had

text: become

text: the

text: standard

text: weapon

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: armies

text: replacing

text: semi

text: automatic

text: rifles

text: battle

text: rifles

text: and

text: sub

text: machine

text: guns

text: in

text: most

text: roles

text: Examples

text: include

text: the

text: StG

text: and

text: the

text: rifle

text: The AKM ("Avtomat Kalashnikova Modernizirovanniy" or "Kalashnikov modernized automatic rifle") is a 7.62mm assault rifle designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is a common modernized variant of the AK-47 rifle developed in the 1940s.

text: The

text: AKM

text: Avtomat

text: Kalashnikova

text: Modernizirovanniy

text: or

text: Kalashnikov

text: modernized

text: automatic

text: rifle

text: is

text: mm

text: assault

text: rifle

text: designed

text: by

text: Mikhail

text: Kalashnikov

text: It

text: is

text: common

text: modernized

text: variant

text: of

text: the

text: rifle

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: A battle rifle is a military service rifle that fires a full-power rifle cartridge, such as 7.62×51mm NATO, 7.62×54mmR, 7.92x57mm Mauser, .303 British, or .30-06 Springfield. Compared to assault rifles and their intermediate cartridges, the higher-caliber rounds provide greater power and range, though they have greater weight and produce stronger recoil, making them less than ideal for fully automatic fire.

text: battle

text: rifle

text: is

text: military

text: service

text: rifle

text: that

text: fires

text: full

text: power

text: rifle

text: cartridge

text: such

text: as

text: mm

text: NATO

text: mm

text: Mauser

text: British

text: or

text: Springfield

text: Compared

text: to

text: assault

text: rifles

text: and

text: their

text: intermediate

text: cartridges

text: the

text: higher

text: caliber

text: rounds

text: provide

text: greater

text: power

text: and

text: range

text: though

text: they

text: have

text: greater

text: weight

text: and

text: produce

text: stronger

text: recoil

text: making

text: them

text: less

text: than

text: ideal

text: for

text: fully

text: automatic

text: fire

text: The AK-47, or AK as it is officially known (also known as the Kalashnikov) is a selective-fire (semi-automatic and automatic), gas-operated 7.62×39 mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is officially known in the Soviet documentation as "Avtomat Kalashnikova".

text: The

text: or

text: AK

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: officially

text: known

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kalashnikov

text: is

text: selective

text: fire

text: semi

text: automatic

text: and

text: automatic

text: gas

text: operated

text: mm

text: assault

text: rifle

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: by

text: Mikhail

text: Kalashnikov

text: It

text: is

text: officially

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: documentation

text: as

text: Avtomat

text: Kalashnikova

text: The 5.56×45mm NATO (official NATO nomenclature 5.56 NATO) is an intermediate cartridge developed in the United States and originally chambered in the M16 rifle. Under STANAG 4172, it is a standard cartridge for NATO forces as well as many non-NATO countries. It is derived from, but is not identical to, the .223 Remington cartridge.

text: The

text: mm

text: NATO

text: official

text: NATO

text: nomenclature

text: NATO

text: is

text: an

text: intermediate

text: cartridge

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: originally

text: chambered

text: in

text: the

text: rifle

text: Under

text: STANAG

text: it

text: is

text: standard

text: cartridge

text: for

text: NATO

text: forces

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: non

text: NATO

text: countries

text: It

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: but

text: is

text: not

text: identical

text: to

text: the

text: Remington

text: cartridge

text: The AK-103 assault rifle is a derivative of the AK-74M chambered for the 7.62×39mm M43 round, similar to the older AKM. The AK-103 can be fitted with a variety of sights, including night vision and telescopic sights, plus a knife-bayonet or a grenade launcher. It uses plastic components where possible instead of wood or metal.

text: The

text: assault

text: rifle

text: is

text: derivative

text: of

text: the

text: chambered

text: for

text: the

text: mm

text: round

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: older

text: AKM

text: The

text: can

text: be

text: fitted

text: with

text: variety

text: of

text: sights

text: including

text: night

text: vision

text: and

text: telescopic

text: sights

text: plus

text: knife

text: bayonet

text: or

text: grenade

text: launcher

text: It

text: uses

text: plastic

text: components

text: where

text: possible

text: instead

text: of

text: wood

text: or

text: metal

text: An intermediate cartridge is a rifle/carbine cartridge that is less powerful than typical full-power battle rifle cartridges, such as the .303 British, 7.62×54mmR, 7.92×57mm Mauser or .30-06 Springfield, but still has significantly longer effective range than pistol cartridges. As their recoil is significantly reduced compared to high power rifle cartridges, fully automatic rifles firing intermediate cartridges are relatively easy to control. However, even though less powerful than a traditional rifle cartridge, the ballistics are still sufficient for an effective range of , which are the maximum typical engagement ranges in modern combat. This allowed for the development of the assault rifle, a selective fire weapon that is more compact and lighter than rifles that fire full power cartridges. The first intermediate cartridge to see widespread service was the German 7.92×33mm Kurz used in the StG 44. Other notable examples include the Soviet 7.62×39mm used in the AK-47 and AKM series, and the American 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge first used in the M16.

text: An

text: intermediate

text: cartridge

text: is

text: rifle

text: carbine

text: cartridge

text: that

text: is

text: less

text: powerful

text: than

text: typical

text: full

text: power

text: battle

text: rifle

text: cartridges

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: British

text: mm

text: Mauser

text: or

text: Springfield

text: but

text: still

text: has

text: significantly

text: longer

text: effective

text: range

text: than

text: pistol

text: cartridges

text: As

text: their

text: recoil

text: is

text: significantly

text: reduced

text: compared

text: to

text: high

text: power

text: rifle

text: cartridges

text: fully

text: automatic

text: rifles

text: firing

text: intermediate

text: cartridges

text: are

text: relatively

text: easy

text: to

text: control

text: However

text: even

text: though

text: less

text: powerful

text: than

text: traditional

text: rifle

text: cartridge

text: the

text: ballistics

text: are

text: still

text: sufficient

text: for

text: an

text: effective

text: range

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: maximum

text: typical

text: engagement

text: ranges

text: in

text: modern

text: combat

text: This

text: allowed

text: for

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: assault

text: rifle

text: selective

text: fire

text: weapon

text: that

text: is

text: more

text: compact

text: and

text: lighter

text: than

text: rifles

text: that

text: fire

text: full

text: power

text: cartridges

text: The

text: first

text: intermediate

text: cartridge

text: to

text: see

text: widespread

text: service

text: was

text: the

text: German

text: mm

text: Kurz

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: StG

text: Other

text: notable

text: examples

text: include

text: the

text: Soviet

text: mm

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: AKM

text: series

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: mm

text: NATO

text: cartridge

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: The AK - 101 is an assault rifle of the Kalashnikov series . The AK - 101 is designed for the world export market , using 5.56 × 45mm NATO cartridges , which is the standard of most NATO armies . The AK - 101 is marketed at those looking for a weapon that combines the logistical compatibility and familiarity of the 5.56 × 45mm NATO round with the reliability of a Kalashnikov . It is designed with modern and composite materials , including plastics that reduce weight and improve accuracy . Many of the improvements found in the AK - 101 are also present in the AK - 103 and the rest of the AK - 10x series of rifles . The AK - 101 is a selective fire weapon that can be fired in either semi-automatic or fully automatic mode . The disassembly procedure for the AK - 101 is identical to that of the AK - 74 . The AK - 101 has an attachment rail installed on the side of the receiver for mounting scopes and other optical sights , which will accept most types of Russian and European AK optics . The rifle accepts most synthetic and metal AK - 74 - style magazines with 30 - round capacity . The AK - 101 has a 415 mm ( 16.3 in ) barrel with an AK - 74 style muzzle brake attached to the barrel to control muzzle climb . The AK - 102 , AK - 104 and AK - 105 are the designations given to the more compact carbine variants of the AK - 10x rifle series , firing the 5.56 × 45mm NATO , 7.62 × 39mm M43 and 5.45 × 39mm M74 rifle rounds respectively . These carbines differ from the normal rifles of the series in that they have much shorter barrels , only 314 mm ( 12.4 in ) in length . These AK - 10x carbines , much like their rifle counterparts , were made primarily for export . A common misconception is that the AK - 101 has entered service as the main assault rifle of the Russian Federation , but this is not true ; the AK - 74M is still the main assault rifle with the AK - 105 being introduced alongside , both chambered for 5.45 × 39mm . The AKM firing 7.62 mm Soviet rounds is in limited service with selected units in the Russian army , and the AK - 103 is in service with some Russian civil police agencies and spec ops units . The advanced AN - 94 is entering limited service in the elite forces of the Russian military , some Russian police forces , and the Ministry of Internal Affairs . The AK - 101 is chambered in 5.56mm NATO and features a black glass - filled polyamide side folding stock . The side folding stock looks similar to a normal fixed stock , but folds and locks securely to the left side of the receiver . It has a cutout to compensate for the side rail .

text: The

text: AK

text: is

text: an

text: assault

text: rifle

text: of

text: the

text: Kalashnikov

text: series

text: The

text: AK

text: is

text: designed

text: for

text: the

text: world

text: export

text: market

text: using

text: mm

text: NATO

text: cartridges

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: standard

text: of

text: most

text: NATO

text: armies

text: The

text: AK

text: is

text: marketed

text: at

text: those

text: looking

text: for

text: weapon

text: that

text: combines

text: the

text: logistical

text: compatibility

text: and

text: familiarity

text: of

text: the

text: mm

text: NATO

text: round

text: with

text: the

text: reliability

text: of

text: Kalashnikov

text: It

text: is

text: designed

text: with

text: modern

text: and

text: composite

text: materials

text: including

text: plastics

text: that

text: reduce

text: weight

text: and

text: improve

text: accuracy

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: improvements

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: AK

text: are

text: also

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: AK

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: AK

text: series

text: of

text: rifles

text: The

text: AK

text: is

text: selective

text: fire

text: weapon

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: fired

text: in

text: either

text: semi

text: automatic

text: or

text: fully

text: automatic

text: mode

text: The

text: disassembly

text: procedure

text: for

text: the

text: AK

text: is

text: identical

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: AK

text: The

text: AK

text: has

text: an

text: attachment

text: rail

text: installed

text: on

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: receiver

text: for

text: mounting

text: scopes

text: and

text: other

text: optical

text: sights

text: which

text: will

text: accept

text: most

text: types

text: of

text: Russian

text: and

text: European

text: AK

text: optics

text: The

text: rifle

text: accepts

text: most

text: synthetic

text: and

text: metal

text: AK

text: style

text: magazines

text: with

text: round

text: capacity

text: The

text: AK

text: has

text: mm

text: in

text: barrel

text: with

text: an

text: AK

text: style

text: muzzle

text: brake

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: barrel

text: to

text: control

text: muzzle

text: climb

text: The

text: AK

text: AK

text: and

text: AK

text: are

text: the

text: designations

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: compact

text: carbine

text: variants

text: of

text: the

text: AK

text: rifle

text: series

text: firing

text: the

text: mm

text: NATO

text: mm

text: and

text: mm

text: rifle

text: rounds

text: respectively

text: These

text: carbines

text: differ

text: from

text: the

text: normal

text: rifles

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: in

text: that

text: they

text: have

text: much

text: shorter

text: barrels

text: only

text: mm

text: in

text: in

text: length

text: These

text: AK

text: carbines

text: much

text: like

text: their

text: rifle

text: counterparts

text: were

text: made

text: primarily

text: for

text: export

text: common

text: misconception

text: is

text: that

text: the

text: AK

text: has

text: entered

text: service

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: assault

text: rifle

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: but

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: true

text: the

text: AK

text: is

text: still

text: the

text: main

text: assault

text: rifle

text: with

text: the

text: AK

text: being

text: introduced

text: alongside

text: both

text: chambered

text: for

text: mm

text: The

text: AKM

text: firing

text: mm

text: Soviet

text: rounds

text: is

text: in

text: limited

text: service

text: with

text: selected

text: units

text: in

text: the

text: Russian

text: army

text: and

text: the

text: AK

text: is

text: in

text: service

text: with

text: some

text: Russian

text: civil

text: police

text: agencies

text: and

text: spec

text: ops

text: units

text: The

text: advanced

text: AN

text: is

text: entering

text: limited

text: service

text: in

text: the

text: elite

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: military

text: some

text: Russian

text: police

text: forces

text: and

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Internal

text: Affairs

text: The

text: AK

text: is

text: chambered

text: in

text: mm

text: NATO

text: and

text: features

text: black

text: glass

text: filled

text: polyamide

text: side

text: folding

text: stock

text: The

text: side

text: folding

text: stock

text: looks

text: similar

text: to

text: normal

text: fixed

text: stock

text: but

text: folds

text: and

text: locks

text: securely

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: receiver

text: It

text: has

text: cutout

text: to

text: compensate

text: for

text: the

text: side

text: rail

annotations: follows multiple

question: designer ak-101

answer: mikhail kalashnikov

text: mikhail kalashnikov

text: mikhail kalashnikov


text: Ezra Cornell (January 11, 1807  December 9, 1874) was an American businessman, politician, philanthropist and educational administrator. He was the founder of Western Union and a co-founder of Cornell University. He also served as President of the New York Agriculture Society and as a New York state Senator.

text: Ezra

text: Cornell

text: January

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: businessman

text: politician

text: philanthropist

text: and

text: educational

text: administrator

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: Western

text: Union

text: and

text: co

text: founder

text: of

text: Cornell

text: University

text: He

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Agriculture

text: Society

text: and

text: as

text: New

text: York

text: state

text: Senator

text: Andrew Dickson White (November 7, 1832  November 4, 1918) was an American historian and educator, who was the cofounder of Cornell University and served as its first president for nearly two decades. He was known for expanding the scope of college curriculae. A politician, he had served as state senator in New York. He was later appointed as a US diplomat to Germany and Russia, among other responsibilities.

text: Andrew

text: Dickson

text: White

text: November

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: historian

text: and

text: educator

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: cofounder

text: of

text: Cornell

text: University

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: its

text: first

text: president

text: for

text: nearly

text: two

text: decades

text: He

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: expanding

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: college

text: curriculae

text: politician

text: he

text: had

text: served

text: as

text: state

text: senator

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: He

text: was

text: later

text: appointed

text: as

text: US

text: diplomat

text: to

text: Germany

text: and

text: Russia

text: among

text: other

text: responsibilities

text: Steven Kaplan served as the Goldwin Smith Professor of European History in the Department of History at Cornell University , where he is now a professor emeritus . His primary fields of expertise are French history and the history of food , specifically the history of bread . He earned his A.B. at Princeton University in 1963 and his M.A. in 1966 , M.Phil in 1968 and Ph.D. in 1974 at Yale University .

text: Steven

text: Kaplan

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Goldwin

text: Smith

text: Professor

text: of

text: European

text: History

text: in

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: History

text: at

text: Cornell

text: University

text: where

text: he

text: is

text: now

text: professor

text: emeritus

text: His

text: primary

text: fields

text: of

text: expertise

text: are

text: French

text: history

text: and

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: food

text: specifically

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: bread

text: He

text: earned

text: his

text: A.B.

text: at

text: Princeton

text: University

text: in

text: and

text: his

text: M.A.

text: in

text: M.Phil

text: in

text: and

text: Ph.D.

text: in

text: at

text: Yale

text: University

text: Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. This covers the ancient Mediterranean world, particularly ancient Greece and Rome. It encompasses the study of ancient languages, literature, philosophy, history, and archaeology. Traditionally in the West, the study of the Greek and Roman classics was considered one of the cornerstones of the humanities and a necessary part of a rounded education. Since the 20th century, however, Classics is no longer a part of a typical elite education.

text: Classics

text: or

text: classical

text: studies

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: This

text: covers

text: the

text: ancient

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: particularly

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: and

text: Rome

text: It

text: encompasses

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: ancient

text: languages

text: literature

text: philosophy

text: history

text: and

text: archaeology

text: Traditionally

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: classics

text: was

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: cornerstones

text: of

text: the

text: humanities

text: and

text: necessary

text: part

text: of

text: rounded

text: education

text: Since

text: the

text: century

text: however

text: Classics

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: part

text: of

text: typical

text: elite

text: education

text: Cornell University is an American private Ivy League and federal land-grant doctoral university located in Ithaca, New York. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledgefrom the classics to the sciences, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's motto, a popular 1865 Ezra Cornell quotation: "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."

text: Cornell

text: University

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: private

text: Ivy

text: League

text: and

text: federal

text: land

text: grant

text: doctoral

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Ithaca

text: New

text: York

text: Founded

text: in

text: by

text: Ezra

text: Cornell

text: and

text: Andrew

text: Dickson

text: White

text: the

text: university

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: teach

text: and

text: make

text: contributions

text: in

text: all

text: fields

text: of

text: knowledgefrom

text: the

text: classics

text: to

text: the

text: sciences

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: theoretical

text: to

text: the

text: applied

text: These

text: ideals

text: unconventional

text: for

text: the

text: time

text: are

text: captured

text: in

text: Cornell

text: 's

text: motto

text: popular

text: Ezra

text: Cornell

text: quotation

text: would

text: found

text: an

text: institution

text: where

text: any

text: person

text: can

text: find

text: instruction

text: in

text: any

text: study

text: The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. The term "Ivy League" has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism.

text: The

text: Ivy

text: League

text: is

text: collegiate

text: athletic

text: conference

text: comprising

text: sports

text: teams

text: from

text: eight

text: private

text: institutions

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: Northeastern

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: conference

text: name

text: is

text: also

text: commonly

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: those

text: eight

text: schools

text: as

text: group

text: beyond

text: the

text: sports

text: context

text: The

text: eight

text: institutions

text: are

text: Brown

text: University

text: Columbia

text: University

text: Cornell

text: University

text: Dartmouth

text: College

text: Harvard

text: University

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: Princeton

text: University

text: and

text: Yale

text: University

text: The

text: term

text: Ivy

text: League

text: has

text: connotations

text: of

text: academic

text: excellence

text: selectivity

text: in

text: admissions

text: and

text: social

text: elitism

text: Goldwin Smith (13 August 1823  7 June 1910) was a British historian and journalist, active in the United Kingdom and Canada.

text: Goldwin

text: Smith

text: August

text: June

text: was

text: British

text: historian

text: and

text: journalist

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Canada

text: Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

text: Science

text: is

text: systematic

text: enterprise

text: that

text: builds

text: and

text: organizes

text: knowledge

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: testable

text: explanations

text: and

text: predictions

text: about

text: the

text: universe

annotations: follows single

question: occupation steven kaplan

answer: historian

text: historian

text: historian


text: Daud ( English : Run ) is a 1997 Indian Hindi crime comedy film directed by Ram Gopal Varma , starring Sanjay Dutt and Urmila Matondkar , with music composed by A. R. Rahman . The film was based on Ram Gopal Varma 's 1991 cult classic , Kshana Kshanam , which starred Venkatesh and Sridevi .

text: Daud

text: English

text: Run

text: is

text: Indian

text: Hindi

text: crime

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Ram

text: Gopal

text: Varma

text: starring

text: Sanjay

text: Dutt

text: and

text: Urmila

text: Matondkar

text: with

text: music

text: composed

text: by

text: Rahman

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: Ram

text: Gopal

text: Varma

text: 's

text: cult

text: classic

text: Kshana

text: Kshanam

text: which

text: starred

text: Venkatesh

text: and

text: Sridevi

text: Kshana Kshanam (English: "Every Second") is a 1991 Telugu neo-noir road film written and directed by Ram Gopal Varma. The film Starred Venkatesh, Sridevi and Paresh Rawal in the lead roles. The sound track and background score composed by M. M. Keeravani received rave reviews. The Comedy thriller film is one of the highest rated Telugu films on the Internet Movie Database. The narrative by Ram Gopal Varma, and the cinematography by S. Gopala Reddy, received positive reviews.

text: Kshana

text: Kshanam

text: English

text: Every

text: Second

text: is

text: Telugu

text: neo

text: noir

text: road

text: film

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Ram

text: Gopal

text: Varma

text: The

text: film

text: Starred

text: Venkatesh

text: Sridevi

text: and

text: Paresh

text: Rawal

text: in

text: the

text: lead

text: roles

text: The

text: sound

text: track

text: and

text: background

text: score

text: composed

text: by

text: Keeravani

text: received

text: rave

text: reviews

text: The

text: Comedy

text: thriller

text: film

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: rated

text: Telugu

text: films

text: on

text: the

text: Internet

text: Movie

text: Database

text: The

text: narrative

text: by

text: Ram

text: Gopal

text: Varma

text: and

text: the

text: cinematography

text: by

text: Gopala

text: Reddy

text: received

text: positive

text: reviews

text:
S. Gopala Reddy is an Indian film cinematographer, turned screenwriter, director and film producer, known for his works in Telugu cinema and Bollywood.
Personal life.
He is married to Rasool Ellore's sister, Michaela, and has a son and daughter (Sundeep and Sandhya). Sundeep, his son, is also a professional cinematographer.

text: Gopala

text: Reddy

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: cinematographer

text: turned

text: screenwriter

text: director

text: and

text: film

text: producer

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: works

text: in

text: Telugu

text: cinema

text: and

text: Bollywood

text: Personal

text: life

text: He

text: is

text: married

text: to

text: Rasool

text: Ellore

text: 's

text: sister

text: Michaela

text: and

text: has

text: son

text: and

text: daughter

text: Sundeep

text: and

text: Sandhya

text: Sundeep

text: his

text: son

text: is

text: also

text: professional

text: cinematographer

text: Sanjay Balraj Dutt (born 29 July 1959) is an Indian film actor and producer known for his work in Hindi cinema (Bollywood). The son of veteran Hindi film actors Sunil Dutt and Nargis Dutt, he made his acting debut in 1981 and has since appeared in more than 100 Hindi films. Although Dutt has enjoyed great success as a lead actor in genres ranging from romance to comedy, it has been the roles of gangsters, thugs and police officers in the drama and action genres that have won him much appreciation. The Indian media and audiences alike popularly refer to him as "Deadly Dutt" for his larger-than-life portrayals of such characters.

text: Sanjay

text: Balraj

text: Dutt

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actor

text: and

text: producer

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: Hindi

text: cinema

text: Bollywood

text: The

text: son

text: of

text: veteran

text: Hindi

text: film

text: actors

text: Sunil

text: Dutt

text: and

text: Nargis

text: Dutt

text: he

text: made

text: his

text: acting

text: debut

text: in

text: and

text: has

text: since

text: appeared

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: Hindi

text: films

text: Although

text: Dutt

text: has

text: enjoyed

text: great

text: success

text: as

text: lead

text: actor

text: in

text: genres

text: ranging

text: from

text: romance

text: to

text: comedy

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: roles

text: of

text: gangsters

text: thugs

text: and

text: police

text: officers

text: in

text: the

text: drama

text: and

text: action

text: genres

text: that

text: have

text: won

text: him

text: much

text: appreciation

text: The

text: Indian

text: media

text: and

text: audiences

text: alike

text: popularly

text: refer

text: to

text: him

text: as

text: Deadly

text: Dutt

text: for

text: his

text: larger

text: than

text: life

text: portrayals

text: of

text: such

text: characters

text: Sunil Dutt (6 June 1930  25 May 2005), born Balraj Dutt, was an Indian movie actor, producer, director and politician. He was the Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports in the Manmohan Singh government (20042005). His son, Sanjay Dutt, is also an actor, while daughter Priya Dutt, a former Member of Parliament.

text: Sunil

text: Dutt

text: June

text: May

text: born

text: Balraj

text: Dutt

text: was

text: an

text: Indian

text: movie

text: actor

text: producer

text: director

text: and

text: politician

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: Minister

text: of

text: Youth

text: Affairs

text: and

text: Sports

text: in

text: the

text: Manmohan

text: Singh

text: government

text: His

text: son

text: Sanjay

text: Dutt

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: actor

text: while

text: daughter

text: Priya

text: Dutt

text: former

text: Member

text: of

text: Parliament

question: director_of_photography daud

answer: rasool ellore

text: rasool ellore


text: The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: often

text: called

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: or

text: simply

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomerations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: global

text: power

text: city

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exerts

text: significant

text: impact

text: upon

text: commerce

text: finance

text: media

text: art

text: fashion

text: research

text: technology

text: education

text: and

text: entertainment

text: its

text: fast

text: pace

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: New

text: York

text: minute

text: Home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: international

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: financial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Western Carolina University (WCU) is a coeducational public university located in Cullowhee, North Carolina, United States. The university is a constituent campus of the University of North Carolina system.

text: Western

text: Carolina

text: University

text: WCU

text: is

text: coeducational

text: public

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Cullowhee

text: North

text: Carolina

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: constituent

text: campus

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: system

text: A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country (or region) to another, largely depending on the specific education landscape.

text: public

text: university

text: is

text: university

text: that

text: is

text: predominantly

text: funded

text: by

text: public

text: means

text: through

text: national

text: or

text: subnational

text: government

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: private

text: universities

text: Whether

text: national

text: university

text: is

text: considered

text: public

text: varies

text: from

text: one

text: country

text: or

text: region

text: to

text: another

text: largely

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: specific

text: education

text: landscape

text: Auburn University (AU or Auburn) is a public research university in Auburn, Alabama, United States. With more than 22,000 undergraduate students and a total of more than 28,000 students and 1,200 faculty members, it is one of the state's largest universities as well as one of two public flagship universities in the state.

text: Auburn

text: University

text: AU

text: or

text: Auburn

text: is

text: public

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Auburn

text: Alabama

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: more

text: than

text: undergraduate

text: students

text: and

text: total

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: students

text: and

text: faculty

text: members

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: largest

text: universities

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: public

text: flagship

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: Jason E. Bond is a professor of biology and director of the Biodiversity Learning Center at Auburn University . When he was an associate professor with the Department of Biology at East Carolina University , he discovered the trapdoor spider Myrmekiaphila neilyoungi and numerous other species in the genus Aptostichus . He went to undergraduate school at Western Carolina University , majoring in biology in 1993 . He then went to receive his M.S. in Biology ( 1995 ) and Ph.D. in Evolutionary Systematics and Genetics ( 1999 ) from Virginia Tech. On August 6 , 2008 , Bond appeared on The Colbert Report , where he named the spider Aptostichus stephencolberti after host Stephen Colbert .

text: Jason

text: Bond

text: is

text: professor

text: of

text: biology

text: and

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Biodiversity

text: Learning

text: Center

text: at

text: Auburn

text: University

text: When

text: he

text: was

text: an

text: associate

text: professor

text: with

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Biology

text: at

text: East

text: Carolina

text: University

text: he

text: discovered

text: the

text: trapdoor

text: spider

text: Myrmekiaphila

text: neilyoungi

text: and

text: numerous

text: other

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Aptostichus

text: He

text: went

text: to

text: undergraduate

text: school

text: at

text: Western

text: Carolina

text: University

text: majoring

text: in

text: biology

text: in

text: He

text: then

text: went

text: to

text: receive

text: his

text: M.S.

text: in

text: Biology

text: and

text: Ph.D.

text: in

text: Evolutionary

text: Systematics

text: and

text: Genetics

text: from

text: Virginia

text: Tech

text: On

text: August

text: Bond

text: appeared

text: on

text: The

text: Colbert

text: Report

text: where

text: he

text: named

text: the

text: spider

text: Aptostichus

text: stephencolberti

text: after

text: host

text: Stephen

text: Colbert

text: Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification and taxonomy. Modern biology is a vast and eclectic field, composed of many branches and subdisciplines. However, despite the broad scope of biology, there are certain general and unifying concepts within it that govern all study and research, consolidating it into single, coherent field. In general, biology recognizes the cell as the basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity, and evolution as the engine that propels the synthesis and creation of new species. It is also understood today that all the organisms survive by consuming and transforming energy and by regulating their internal environment to maintain a stable and vital condition known as homeostasis.

text: Biology

text: is

text: natural

text: science

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: living

text: organisms

text: including

text: their

text: structure

text: function

text: growth

text: evolution

text: distribution

text: identification

text: and

text: taxonomy

text: Modern

text: biology

text: is

text: vast

text: and

text: eclectic

text: field

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: branches

text: and

text: subdisciplines

text: However

text: despite

text: the

text: broad

text: scope

text: of

text: biology

text: there

text: are

text: certain

text: general

text: and

text: unifying

text: concepts

text: within

text: it

text: that

text: govern

text: all

text: study

text: and

text: research

text: consolidating

text: it

text: into

text: single

text: coherent

text: field

text: In

text: general

text: biology

text: recognizes

text: the

text: cell

text: as

text: the

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: life

text: genes

text: as

text: the

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: heredity

text: and

text: evolution

text: as

text: the

text: engine

text: that

text: propels

text: the

text: synthesis

text: and

text: creation

text: of

text: new

text: species

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: understood

text: today

text: that

text: all

text: the

text: organisms

text: survive

text: by

text: consuming

text: and

text: transforming

text: energy

text: and

text: by

text: regulating

text: their

text: internal

text: environment

text: to

text: maintain

text: stable

text: and

text: vital

text: condition

text: known

text: as

text: homeostasis

text: The University of North Carolina is a multi-campus public university system composed of all 16 of North Carolina's public universities, as well as the NC School of Science and Mathematics, the nation's first public residential high school for gifted students. Commonly referred to as the University of North Carolina system or the UNC system to differentiate it from the original campus in Chapel Hill, the university has a total enrollment of over 183,001 students and confers over 75% of all baccalaureate degrees in North Carolina in 2008.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: is

text: multi

text: campus

text: public

text: university

text: system

text: composed

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: 's

text: public

text: universities

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: NC

text: School

text: of

text: Science

text: and

text: Mathematics

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: first

text: public

text: residential

text: high

text: school

text: for

text: gifted

text: students

text: Commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: North

text: Carolina

text: system

text: or

text: the

text: UNC

text: system

text: to

text: differentiate

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: campus

text: in

text: Chapel

text: Hill

text: the

text: university

text: has

text: total

text: enrollment

text: of

text: over

text: students

text: and

text: confers

text: over

text: of

text: all

text: baccalaureate

text: degrees

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: in

text: North Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties. The capital is Raleigh. The most populous municipality is Charlotte, and it is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City.

text: North

text: Carolina

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: state

text: borders

text: South

text: Carolina

text: and

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Tennessee

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Virginia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: North

text: Carolina

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: counties

text: The

text: capital

text: is

text: Raleigh

text: The

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: is

text: Charlotte

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: banking

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text:
A university ("a whole", "a corporation") is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which grants academic degrees in various subjects.
Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education.

text: university

text: whole

text: corporation

text: is

text: an

text: institution

text: of

text: higher

text: or

text: tertiary

text: education

text: and

text: research

text: which

text: grants

text: academic

text: degrees

text: in

text: various

text: subjects

text: Universities

text: typically

text: provide

text: undergraduate

text: education

text: and

text: postgraduate

text: education

text: East Carolina University is a public, doctoral/research university in Greenville, North Carolina, United States. Named East Carolina University by statute and commonly known as ECU or East Carolina, the university is the third-largest in North Carolina. The Association of Public and Land Grant Universities designates East Carolina as a Sea Grant university and an Innovation and Economic Prosperity campus.

text: East

text: Carolina

text: University

text: is

text: public

text: doctoral

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Greenville

text: North

text: Carolina

text: United

text: States

text: Named

text: East

text: Carolina

text: University

text: by

text: statute

text: and

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: ECU

text: or

text: East

text: Carolina

text: the

text: university

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: The

text: Association

text: of

text: Public

text: and

text: Land

text: Grant

text: Universities

text: designates

text: East

text: Carolina

text: as

text: Sea

text: Grant

text: university

text: and

text: an

text: Innovation

text: and

text: Economic

text: Prosperity

text: campus

text: Cullowhee is a census-designated place (CDP) in Jackson County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 9,428 as of the 2010 census. The area known as Cullowhee has Western Carolina University, part of the UNC System, and the village/town of Forest Hills within its area. The Jackson County Recreation Department and the Jackson County Airport are also located in the Cullowhee area. The name of the town was long thought to mean "Valley of the Lillies," but is actually derived from part of the Cherokee phrase "joolth-cullah-wee" which translates as "Judacullah's Place." Judacullah, a giant warrior and hunter who the Cherokee believe lived in the area, is an important figure in their religion and culture.

text: Cullowhee

text: is

text: census

text: designated

text: place

text: CDP

text: in

text: Jackson

text: County

text: North

text: Carolina

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: The

text: area

text: known

text: as

text: Cullowhee

text: has

text: Western

text: Carolina

text: University

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UNC

text: System

text: and

text: the

text: village

text: town

text: of

text: Forest

text: Hills

text: within

text: its

text: area

text: The

text: Jackson

text: County

text: Recreation

text: Department

text: and

text: the

text: Jackson

text: County

text: Airport

text: are

text: also

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Cullowhee

text: area

text: The

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: was

text: long

text: thought

text: to

text: mean

text: Valley

text: of

text: the

text: Lillies

text: but

text: is

text: actually

text: derived

text: from

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Cherokee

text: phrase

text: joolth

text: cullah

text: wee

text: which

text: translates

text: as

text: Judacullah

text: 's

text: Place

text: Judacullah

text: giant

text: warrior

text: and

text: hunter

text: who

text: the

text: Cherokee

text: believe

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: figure

text: in

text: their

text: religion

text: and

text: culture

text: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, popularly known as Virginia Tech, is a public, land-grant, research university with a main campus in Blacksburg, Virginia, educational facilities in six regions statewide, and a study-abroad site in Switzerland. Through its Corps of Cadets ROTC program, Virginia Tech is also designated as a one of six senior military colleges in the country. As the commonwealth's third-largest university, Virginia Tech offers 225 undergraduate and graduate degree programs to some 30,600 students and manages a research portfolio of $513 million, the largest of any university in Virginia. The university fulfills its land-grant mission of transforming knowledge to practice through technological leadership and by fueling economic growth and job creation locally, regionally, and across Virginia.

text: Virginia

text: Polytechnic

text: Institute

text: and

text: State

text: University

text: popularly

text: known

text: as

text: Virginia

text: Tech

text: is

text: public

text: land

text: grant

text: research

text: university

text: with

text: main

text: campus

text: in

text: Blacksburg

text: Virginia

text: educational

text: facilities

text: in

text: six

text: regions

text: statewide

text: and

text: study

text: abroad

text: site

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: Through

text: its

text: Corps

text: of

text: Cadets

text: ROTC

text: program

text: Virginia

text: Tech

text: is

text: also

text: designated

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: six

text: senior

text: military

text: colleges

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: As

text: the

text: commonwealth

text: 's

text: third

text: largest

text: university

text: Virginia

text: Tech

text: offers

text: undergraduate

text: and

text: graduate

text: degree

text: programs

text: to

text: some

text: students

text: and

text: manages

text: research

text: portfolio

text: of

text: million

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: any

text: university

text: in

text: Virginia

text: The

text: university

text: fulfills

text: its

text: land

text: grant

text: mission

text: of

text: transforming

text: knowledge

text: to

text: practice

text: through

text: technological

text: leadership

text: and

text: by

text: fueling

text: economic

text: growth

text: and

text: job

text: creation

text: locally

text: regionally

text: and

text: across

text: Virginia

text: Norman I. Platnick (born 1951 in Bluefield, West Virginia) is an American arachnologist. He is a Professor Emeritus of the Richard Gilder Graduate School and Peter J. Solomon Family Curator Emeritus of the invertebrate zoology department of the American Museum of Natural History. A 1973 Ph.D. recipient at Harvard University, Platnick has described over 1,800 species of spiders from around the world, making him the second most prolific arachnologist in history, behind only Eugène Simon. Until 2014 he was also the maintainer of the World Spider Catalog, a website formerly hosted by the AMNH which tracks the arachnology literature, and attempts to maintain a comprehensive list, sorted taxonomically, of every species of spider which has been formally described. In 2007 he received the International Society of Arachnology's Bonnet award, named for Pierre Bonnet, in recognition for his work on the catalog.

text: Norman

text: Platnick

text: born

text: in

text: Bluefield

text: West

text: Virginia

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: arachnologist

text: He

text: is

text: Professor

text: Emeritus

text: of

text: the

text: Richard

text: Gilder

text: Graduate

text: School

text: and

text: Peter

text: Solomon

text: Family

text: Curator

text: Emeritus

text: of

text: the

text: invertebrate

text: zoology

text: department

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: Ph.D.

text: recipient

text: at

text: Harvard

text: University

text: Platnick

text: has

text: described

text: over

text: species

text: of

text: spiders

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: making

text: him

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: prolific

text: arachnologist

text: in

text: history

text: behind

text: only

text: Eugène

text: Simon

text: Until

text: he

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: maintainer

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Spider

text: Catalog

text: website

text: formerly

text: hosted

text: by

text: the

text: AMNH

text: which

text: tracks

text: the

text: arachnology

text: literature

text: and

text: attempts

text: to

text: maintain

text: comprehensive

text: list

text: sorted

text: taxonomically

text: of

text: every

text: species

text: of

text: spider

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: formally

text: described

text: In

text: he

text: received

text: the

text: International

text: Society

text: of

text: Arachnology

text: 's

text: Bonnet

text: award

text: named

text: for

text: Pierre

text: Bonnet

text: in

text: recognition

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: catalog

text: The American Museum of Natural History (abbreviated as AMNH), located on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City, is one of the largest museums in the world. Located in park-like grounds across the street from Central Park, the museum complex comprises 28 interconnected buildings housing 45 permanent exhibition halls, in addition to a planetarium and a library. The museum collections contain over 33 million specimens of plants, animals, fossils, minerals, rocks, meteorites, human remains, and human cultural artifacts, of which only a small fraction can be displayed at any given time, and occupies more than . The museum has a full-time scientific staff of 225, sponsors over 120 special field expeditions each year, and averages about five million visits annually.

text: The

text: American

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: AMNH

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Upper

text: West

text: Side

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: museums

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Located

text: in

text: park

text: like

text: grounds

text: across

text: the

text: street

text: from

text: Central

text: Park

text: the

text: museum

text: complex

text: comprises

text: interconnected

text: buildings

text: housing

text: permanent

text: exhibition

text: halls

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: planetarium

text: and

text: library

text: The

text: museum

text: collections

text: contain

text: over

text: million

text: specimens

text: of

text: plants

text: animals

text: fossils

text: minerals

text: rocks

text: meteorites

text: human

text: remains

text: and

text: human

text: cultural

text: artifacts

text: of

text: which

text: only

text: small

text: fraction

text: can

text: be

text: displayed

text: at

text: any

text: given

text: time

text: and

text: occupies

text: more

text: than

text: The

text: museum

text: has

text: full

text: time

text: scientific

text: staff

text: of

text: sponsors

text: over

text: special

text: field

text: expeditions

text: each

text: year

text: and

text: averages

text: about

text: five

text: million

text: visits

text: annually

text: California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.

text: California

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: California

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Oregon

text: Nevada

text: and

text: Arizona

text: and

text: shares

text: an

text: international

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Mexican

text: state

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Sacramento

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: California

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: state

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: county

text: by

text: area

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: County

text: Professor (commonly abbreviated as "prof.") is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries. Literally, "professor" derives from Latin as a "person who professes" being usually an expert in arts or sciences, a teacher of the highest rank.

text: Professor

text: commonly

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: prof

text: is

text: an

text: academic

text: rank

text: at

text: universities

text: and

text: other

text: post

text: secondary

text: education

text: and

text: research

text: institutions

text: in

text: most

text: countries

text: Literally

text: professor

text: derives

text: from

text: Latin

text: as

text: person

text: who

text: professes

text: being

text: usually

text: an

text: expert

text: in

text: arts

text: or

text: sciences

text: teacher

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: rank

text: Aptostichus is a genus of spiders in the family Euctenizidae found predominantly in southern California, United States.

text: Aptostichus

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: spiders

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Euctenizidae

text: found

text: predominantly

text: in

text: southern

text: California

text: United

text: States

text: Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy.

text: Education

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: facilitating

text: learning

text: or

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: knowledge

text: skills

text: values

text: beliefs

text: and

text: habits

text: Educational

text: methods

text: include

text: storytelling

text: discussion

text: teaching

text: training

text: and

text: directed

text: research

text: Education

text: frequently

text: takes

text: place

text: under

text: the

text: guidance

text: of

text: educators

text: but

text: learners

text: may

text: also

text: educate

text: themselves

text: Education

text: can

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: formal

text: or

text: informal

text: settings

text: and

text: any

text: experience

text: that

text: has

text: formative

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: way

text: one

text: thinks

text: feels

text: or

text: acts

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: educational

text: The

text: methodology

text: of

text: teaching

text: is

text: called

text: pedagogy

text: Blacksburg is an incorporated town in Montgomery County, Virginia, United States, with a population of 42,620 at the 2010 census. Blacksburg is dominated economically and demographically by the presence of Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University).

text: Blacksburg

text: is

text: an

text: incorporated

text: town

text: in

text: Montgomery

text: County

text: Virginia

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: Blacksburg

text: is

text: dominated

text: economically

text: and

text: demographically

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: Virginia

text: Tech

text: Virginia

text: Polytechnic

text: Institute

text: and

text: State

text: University

text: Myrmekiaphila neilyoungi is a species of spider in the family Euctenizidae, described in 2007 by East Carolina University professor of biology Jason E. Bond and Norman I. Platnick, curator at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. It is named after Canadian rock musician Neil Young.

text: Myrmekiaphila

text: neilyoungi

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: spider

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Euctenizidae

text: described

text: in

text: by

text: East

text: Carolina

text: University

text: professor

text: of

text: biology

text: Jason

text: Bond

text: and

text: Norman

text: Platnick

text: curator

text: at

text: the

text: American

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Canadian

text: rock

text: musician

text: Neil

text: Young

candidates: virginia polytechnic institute and state university

annotations: likely multiple

question: educated_at jason bond

answer: virginia polytechnic institute and state university

text: virginia polytechnic institute and state university

text: virginia polytechnic institute and state university