text: Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 1883  8 October 1967) was a British politician who was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and the Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. Attlee was the first person to hold the office of Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, serving under Winston Churchill in the wartime coalition government. He went on to lead the Labour Party to a landslide election victory in summer 1945 and to a narrow victory in 1950. He became the first Labour Prime Minister ever to serve a full five-year term, as well as the first to command a Labour majority in Parliament and remains the longest-ever serving Leader of the Labour Party.

text: Clement

text: Richard

text: Attlee

text: Earl

text: Attlee

text: January

text: October

text: was

text: British

text: politician

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: the

text: Leader

text: of

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: from

text: to

text: Attlee

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: hold

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: Deputy

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: serving

text: under

text: Winston

text: Churchill

text: in

text: the

text: wartime

text: coalition

text: government

text: He

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: lead

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: to

text: landslide

text: election

text: victory

text: in

text: summer

text: and

text: to

text: narrow

text: victory

text: in

text: He

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Labour

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: ever

text: to

text: serve

text: full

text: five

text: year

text: term

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: command

text: Labour

text: majority

text: in

text: Parliament

text: and

text: remains

text: the

text: longest

text: ever

text: serving

text: Leader

text: of

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The prime minister (informal abbreviation: PM) and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, most of whom are government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The office is one of the Great Offices of State. The , Theresa May, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016.

text: The

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: Her

text: Majesty

text: 's

text: Government

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: prime

text: minister

text: informal

text: abbreviation

text: PM

text: and

text: Cabinet

text: consisting

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: ministers

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: government

text: department

text: heads

text: are

text: collectively

text: accountable

text: for

text: their

text: policies

text: and

text: actions

text: to

text: the

text: Monarch

text: to

text: Parliament

text: to

text: their

text: political

text: party

text: and

text: ultimately

text: to

text: the

text: electorate

text: The

text: office

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Offices

text: of

text: State

text: The

text: Theresa

text: May

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: was

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Queen

text: on

text: July

text: A coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several political parties cooperate, reducing the dominance of any one party within that coalition. The usual reason given for this arrangement is that no party on its own can achieve a majority in the parliament. A coalition government might also be created in a time of national difficulty or crisis (for example, during wartime or economic crisis) to give a government the high degree of perceived political legitimacy or collective identity it desires while also playing a role in diminishing internal political strife. In such times, parties have formed all-party coalitions (national unity governments, grand coalitions). If a coalition collapses, a confidence vote is held or a motion of no confidence is taken.

text: coalition

text: government

text: is

text: cabinet

text: of

text: parliamentary

text: government

text: in

text: which

text: several

text: political

text: parties

text: cooperate

text: reducing

text: the

text: dominance

text: of

text: any

text: one

text: party

text: within

text: that

text: coalition

text: The

text: usual

text: reason

text: given

text: for

text: this

text: arrangement

text: is

text: that

text: no

text: party

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: can

text: achieve

text: majority

text: in

text: the

text: parliament

text: coalition

text: government

text: might

text: also

text: be

text: created

text: in

text: time

text: of

text: national

text: difficulty

text: or

text: crisis

text: for

text: example

text: during

text: wartime

text: or

text: economic

text: crisis

text: to

text: give

text: government

text: the

text: high

text: degree

text: of

text: perceived

text: political

text: legitimacy

text: or

text: collective

text: identity

text: it

text: desires

text: while

text: also

text: playing

text: role

text: in

text: diminishing

text: internal

text: political

text: strife

text: In

text: such

text: times

text: parties

text: have

text: formed

text: all

text: party

text: coalitions

text: national

text: unity

text: governments

text: grand

text: coalitions

text: If

text: coalition

text: collapses

text: confidence

text: vote

text: is

text: held

text: or

text: motion

text: of

text: no

text: confidence

text: is

text: taken

text: James Chuter Ede , Baron Chuter - Ede CH PC JP DL ( 11 September 1882 -- 11 November 1965 ) was a British teacher , trade unionist and Labour politician . He served as Home Secretary under Prime Minister Clement Attlee from 1945 to 1951 , becoming the longest - serving Home Secretary of the 20th century .

text: James

text: Chuter

text: Ede

text: Baron

text: Chuter

text: Ede

text: CH

text: PC

text: JP

text: DL

text: September

text: November

text: was

text: British

text: teacher

text: trade

text: unionist

text: and

text: Labour

text: politician

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: Home

text: Secretary

text: under

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Clement

text: Attlee

text: from

text: to

text: becoming

text: the

text: longest

text: serving

text: Home

text: Secretary

text: of

text: the

text: century

question: member_of_political_party james chuter ede

answer: labour party

text: labour party

text: labour party

text: labour party


text: The Canadian titles debate has been ongoing since the presentation to the Canadian House of Commons of the Nickle Resolution in 1917. This resolution marked the earliest attempt to establish a Canadian government policy requesting the sovereign not to grant knighthoods, baronetcies, and peerages to Canadians and set the precedent for later policies restricting Canadians from accepting titles from foreign countries. Dissatisfaction with the British honours system led to the gradual creation of a separate system for Canada.

text: The

text: Canadian

text: titles

text: debate

text: has

text: been

text: ongoing

text: since

text: the

text: presentation

text: to

text: the

text: Canadian

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: of

text: the

text: Nickle

text: Resolution

text: in

text: This

text: resolution

text: marked

text: the

text: earliest

text: attempt

text: to

text: establish

text: Canadian

text: government

text: policy

text: requesting

text: the

text: sovereign

text: not

text: to

text: grant

text: knighthoods

text: baronetcies

text: and

text: peerages

text: to

text: Canadians

text: and

text: set

text: the

text: precedent

text: for

text: later

text: policies

text: restricting

text: Canadians

text: from

text: accepting

text: titles

text: from

text: foreign

text: countries

text: Dissatisfaction

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: honours

text: system

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: gradual

text: creation

text: of

text: separate

text: system

text: for

text: Canada

text: Dragon Age is a high fantasy role-playing video game series created by BioWare. The first game, "", was released in 2009. "Dragon Age II", a sequel to "Origins", was released in March 2011. "" was released in November 2014. The series' fantasy setting has also been used by a variety of other media, including books and tabletop games, and the three main games have been joined by a variety of downloadable content (DLC) add-ons.

text: Dragon

text: Age

text: is

text: high

text: fantasy

text: role

text: playing

text: video

text: game

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: BioWare

text: The

text: first

text: game

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Dragon

text: Age

text: II

text: sequel

text: to

text: Origins

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: March

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: November

text: The

text: series

text: fantasy

text: setting

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: variety

text: of

text: other

text: media

text: including

text: books

text: and

text: tabletop

text: games

text: and

text: the

text: three

text: main

text: games

text: have

text: been

text: joined

text: by

text: variety

text: of

text: downloadable

text: content

text: DLC

text: add

text: ons

text: A video game developer is a software developer that specializes in video game development  the process and related disciplines of creating video games. A game developer can range from one person who undertakes all tasks to a large business with employee responsibilities split between individual disciplines, such as programming, design, art, testing, etc. Most game development companies have video game publisher financial and usually marketing support. Self-funded developers are known as independent or indie developers and usually make indie games.

text: video

text: game

text: developer

text: is

text: software

text: developer

text: that

text: specializes

text: in

text: video

text: game

text: development

text: the

text: process

text: and

text: related

text: disciplines

text: of

text: creating

text: video

text: games

text: game

text: developer

text: can

text: range

text: from

text: one

text: person

text: who

text: undertakes

text: all

text: tasks

text: to

text: large

text: business

text: with

text: employee

text: responsibilities

text: split

text: between

text: individual

text: disciplines

text: such

text: as

text: programming

text: design

text: art

text: testing

text: etc

text: Most

text: game

text: development

text: companies

text: have

text: video

text: game

text: publisher

text: financial

text: and

text: usually

text: marketing

text: support

text: Self

text: funded

text: developers

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: independent

text: or

text: indie

text: developers

text: and

text: usually

text: make

text: indie

text: games

text: Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1, 2015, it is Canada's fourth-most populous province and the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Its area is about . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1, 1905. The premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015.

text: Alberta

text: is

text: western

text: province

text: of

text: Canada

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: July

text: it

text: is

text: Canada

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: Canada

text: 's

text: three

text: prairie

text: provinces

text: Its

text: area

text: is

text: about

text: Alberta

text: and

text: its

text: neighbour

text: Saskatchewan

text: were

text: districts

text: of

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Territories

text: until

text: they

text: were

text: established

text: as

text: provinces

text: on

text: September

text: The

text: premier

text: has

text: been

text: Rachel

text: Notley

text: since

text: May

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

text: Trip Hawkins (born December 28, 1953) is an American entrepreneur and founder of Electronic Arts, The 3DO Company, and Digital Chocolate.

text: Trip

text: Hawkins

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: entrepreneur

text: and

text: founder

text: of

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: The

text: Company

text: and

text: Digital

text: Chocolate

text: Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s. They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user. These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering-oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC, and were generally less powerful in terms of memory and expandability. However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporaneous business computers. Their most common uses were playing video games, but they were also regularly used for word processing, doing homework, and programming.

text: Home

text: computers

text: were

text: class

text: of

text: microcomputers

text: entering

text: the

text: market

text: in

text: and

text: becoming

text: common

text: during

text: the

text: They

text: were

text: marketed

text: to

text: consumers

text: as

text: affordable

text: and

text: accessible

text: computers

text: that

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: were

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: single

text: nontechnical

text: user

text: These

text: computers

text: were

text: distinct

text: market

text: segment

text: that

text: typically

text: cost

text: much

text: less

text: than

text: business

text: scientific

text: or

text: engineering

text: oriented

text: computers

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: IBM

text: PC

text: and

text: were

text: generally

text: less

text: powerful

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: memory

text: and

text: expandability

text: However

text: home

text: computer

text: often

text: had

text: better

text: graphics

text: and

text: sound

text: than

text: contemporaneous

text: business

text: computers

text: Their

text: most

text: common

text: uses

text: were

text: playing

text: video

text: games

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: also

text: regularly

text: used

text: for

text: word

text: processing

text: doing

text: homework

text: and

text: programming

text: BioWare is a video game developer located in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was founded in February 1995 by newly graduated medical doctors Ray Muzyka, Greg Zeschuk, and Augustine Yip. BioWare is currently owned by American company Electronic Arts. The company specializes in role-playing video games, and became famous for launching highly praised and successful licensed franchises, "Baldur's Gate", "Neverwinter Nights", and "". They proceeded to make several other successful games based on original intellectual property: "Jade Empire", the "Mass Effect" series, and the "Dragon Age" series. In 2011, BioWare launched their first massively multiplayer online role-playing game, "".

text: BioWare

text: is

text: video

text: game

text: developer

text: located

text: in

text: Edmonton

text: Alberta

text: Canada

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: February

text: by

text: newly

text: graduated

text: medical

text: doctors

text: Ray

text: Muzyka

text: Greg

text: Zeschuk

text: and

text: Augustine

text: Yip

text: BioWare

text: is

text: currently

text: owned

text: by

text: American

text: company

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: The

text: company

text: specializes

text: in

text: role

text: playing

text: video

text: games

text: and

text: became

text: famous

text: for

text: launching

text: highly

text: praised

text: and

text: successful

text: licensed

text: franchises

text: Baldur

text: 's

text: Gate

text: Neverwinter

text: Nights

text: and

text: They

text: proceeded

text: to

text: make

text: several

text: other

text: successful

text: games

text: based

text: on

text: original

text: intellectual

text: property

text: Jade

text: Empire

text: the

text: Mass

text: Effect

text: series

text: and

text: the

text: Dragon

text: Age

text: series

text: In

text: BioWare

text: launched

text: their

text: first

text: massively

text: multiplayer

text: online

text: role

text: playing

text: game

text: A role-playing video game (commonly referred to as role-playing game or RPG, and in the past was also known as computer role-playing game or CRPG) is a video game genre where the player controls the actions of a character (and/or several party members) immersed in some well-defined world. Many role-playing video games have origins in pen-and-paper role-playing games (Including "Dungeons & Dragons") and use much of the same , settings and game mechanics. Other major similarities with pen-and-paper games include developed story-telling and narrative elements, player character development, complexity, as well as replayability and immersion. The electronic medium removes the necessity for a gamemaster and increases combat resolution speed. RPGs have evolved from simple text-based console-window games into visually rich 3D experiences. Since the 1980s, Role-playing is the most commercially viable video game genre in Japan, and has more market share of any other genre in the japanese gaming industry, although in the 2010s first-person shooters and western iOS and Android games were becoming rapidly and increasingly popular in that country.

text: role

text: playing

text: video

text: game

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: role

text: playing

text: game

text: or

text: RPG

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: was

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: computer

text: role

text: playing

text: game

text: or

text: CRPG

text: is

text: video

text: game

text: genre

text: where

text: the

text: player

text: controls

text: the

text: actions

text: of

text: character

text: and/or

text: several

text: party

text: members

text: immersed

text: in

text: some

text: well

text: defined

text: world

text: Many

text: role

text: playing

text: video

text: games

text: have

text: origins

text: in

text: pen

text: and

text: paper

text: role

text: playing

text: games

text: Including

text: Dungeons

text: Dragons

text: and

text: use

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: settings

text: and

text: game

text: mechanics

text: Other

text: major

text: similarities

text: with

text: pen

text: and

text: paper

text: games

text: include

text: developed

text: story

text: telling

text: and

text: narrative

text: elements

text: player

text: character

text: development

text: complexity

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: replayability

text: and

text: immersion

text: The

text: electronic

text: medium

text: removes

text: the

text: necessity

text: for

text: gamemaster

text: and

text: increases

text: combat

text: resolution

text: speed

text: RPGs

text: have

text: evolved

text: from

text: simple

text: text

text: based

text: console

text: window

text: games

text: into

text: visually

text: rich

text: experiences

text: Since

text: the

text: Role

text: playing

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: commercially

text: viable

text: video

text: game

text: genre

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: has

text: more

text: market

text: share

text: of

text: any

text: other

text: genre

text: in

text: the

text: japanese

text: gaming

text: industry

text: although

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: shooters

text: and

text: western

text: iOS

text: and

text: Android

text: games

text: were

text: becoming

text: rapidly

text: and

text: increasingly

text: popular

text: in

text: that

text: country

text: California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.

text: California

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: California

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Oregon

text: Nevada

text: and

text: Arizona

text: and

text: shares

text: an

text: international

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Mexican

text: state

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Sacramento

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: California

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: state

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: county

text: by

text: area

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: County

text: Redwood City is a city on the San Francisco Peninsula in Northern California's Bay Area, approximately south of San Francisco, and north of San Jose. Redwood City's history spans its earliest inhabitation by the Ohlone people to being a port for lumber and other goods. The county seat of San Mateo County, it is the home of several technology companies such as Box, Oracle, Evernote, Wealthfront, and Electronic Arts. At the 2010 census, the city had a population of 76,815. The Port of Redwood City is the only deepwater port on San Francisco Bay south of San Francisco. Redwood City is the location of the San Mateo County Jail, for both women and men. The Malibu Grand Prix long time landmark was recently demolished along with the city's only Mini Golf, Go-Kart, Video Game Arcade, and Batting Cages. Malibu Grand Prix's previous location is currently the construction site of a new additional Jail and Inmate housing facility. The city has a motto "Climate Best By Government Test" which is a reference to it being one of the top German scouted scientific climates and the city was one of the locations mapped by them during their testing and data collection. The Hetch Hetchy water pipeline runs through Redwood City and supplies a vast majority of the surrounding area with low grain (+/ 3 grains) rated water.

text: Redwood

text: City

text: is

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: Northern

text: California

text: 's

text: Bay

text: Area

text: approximately

text: south

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: San

text: Jose

text: Redwood

text: City

text: 's

text: history

text: spans

text: its

text: earliest

text: inhabitation

text: by

text: the

text: Ohlone

text: people

text: to

text: being

text: port

text: for

text: lumber

text: and

text: other

text: goods

text: The

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: San

text: Mateo

text: County

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: several

text: technology

text: companies

text: such

text: as

text: Box

text: Oracle

text: Evernote

text: Wealthfront

text: and

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: Port

text: of

text: Redwood

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: deepwater

text: port

text: on

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: south

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Redwood

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Mateo

text: County

text: Jail

text: for

text: both

text: women

text: and

text: men

text: The

text: Malibu

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: long

text: time

text: landmark

text: was

text: recently

text: demolished

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: only

text: Mini

text: Golf

text: Go

text: Kart

text: Video

text: Game

text: Arcade

text: and

text: Batting

text: Cages

text: Malibu

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: 's

text: previous

text: location

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: construction

text: site

text: of

text: new

text: additional

text: Jail

text: and

text: Inmate

text: housing

text: facility

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: motto

text: Climate

text: Best

text: By

text: Government

text: Test

text: which

text: is

text: reference

text: to

text: it

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: German

text: scouted

text: scientific

text: climates

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: locations

text: mapped

text: by

text: them

text: during

text: their

text: testing

text: and

text: data

text: collection

text: The

text: Hetch

text: Hetchy

text: water

text: pipeline

text: runs

text: through

text: Redwood

text: City

text: and

text: supplies

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: area

text: with

text: low

text: grain

text: grains

text: rated

text: water

text: Microsoft Corporation (commonly referred to as Microsoft or MS) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup. As of 2016, it was the world's largest software maker by revenue, and one of the world's most valuable companies.

text: Microsoft

text: Corporation

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Microsoft

text: or

text: MS

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: multinational

text: technology

text: company

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Redmond

text: Washington

text: that

text: develops

text: manufactures

text: licenses

text: supports

text: and

text: sells

text: computer

text: software

text: consumer

text: electronics

text: and

text: personal

text: computers

text: and

text: services

text: Its

text: best

text: known

text: software

text: products

text: are

text: the

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: line

text: of

text: operating

text: systems

text: Microsoft

text: Office

text: office

text: suite

text: and

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: and

text: Edge

text: web

text: browsers

text: Its

text: flagship

text: hardware

text: products

text: are

text: the

text: Xbox

text: video

text: game

text: consoles

text: and

text: the

text: Microsoft

text: Surface

text: tablet

text: lineup

text: As

text: of

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: software

text: maker

text: by

text: revenue

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: valuable

text: companies

text: Mass Effect is a science fiction action role-playing third-person shooter video game series developed by the Canadian company BioWare and released for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Microsoft Windows, with the third installment also released on the Wii U. The fourth game is expected to release on Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One.

text: Mass

text: Effect

text: is

text: science

text: fiction

text: action

text: role

text: playing

text: third

text: person

text: shooter

text: video

text: game

text: series

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: Canadian

text: company

text: BioWare

text: and

text: released

text: for

text: the

text: Xbox

text: PlayStation

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: with

text: the

text: third

text: installment

text: also

text: released

text: on

text: the

text: Wii

text: The

text: fourth

text: game

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: release

text: on

text: Windows

text: PlayStation

text: and

text: Xbox

text: One

text: Jade Empire is an action role-playing game developed by BioWare and published by Microsoft Game Studios, originally released worldwide for the Xbox. A Microsoft Windows version, developed by LTI Gray Matter and published by 2K Games, was released in North America on February 26, 2007, as a "Special Edition". "Jade Empire" was released as an Xbox Original on Microsoft's Xbox 360 on July 21, 2008. The "Special Edition" became available for Mac OS X on August 18, 2008.

text: Jade

text: Empire

text: is

text: an

text: action

text: role

text: playing

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: BioWare

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: Game

text: Studios

text: originally

text: released

text: worldwide

text: for

text: the

text: Xbox

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: version

text: developed

text: by

text: LTI

text: Gray

text: Matter

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Games

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: February

text: as

text: Special

text: Edition

text: Jade

text: Empire

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: an

text: Xbox

text: Original

text: on

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: Xbox

text: on

text: July

text: The

text: Special

text: Edition

text: became

text: available

text: for

text: Mac

text: OS

text: on

text: August

text: A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor or simply doctor is a professional who practises medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments. Physicians may focus their practice on certain disease categories, types of patients and methods of treatmentknown as specialitiesor they may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families, and communitiesknown as general practice. Medical practice properly requires both a detailed knowledge of the academic disciplines (such as anatomy and physiology) underlying diseases and their treatmentthe "science" of medicineand also a decent competence in its applied practicethe art or "craft" of medicine.

text: physician

text: medical

text: practitioner

text: medical

text: doctor

text: or

text: simply

text: doctor

text: is

text: professional

text: who

text: practises

text: medicine

text: which

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: promoting

text: maintaining

text: or

text: restoring

text: health

text: through

text: the

text: study

text: diagnosis

text: and

text: treatment

text: of

text: disease

text: injury

text: and

text: other

text: physical

text: and

text: mental

text: impairments

text: Physicians

text: may

text: focus

text: their

text: practice

text: on

text: certain

text: disease

text: categories

text: types

text: of

text: patients

text: and

text: methods

text: of

text: treatmentknown

text: as

text: specialitiesor

text: they

text: may

text: assume

text: responsibility

text: for

text: the

text: provision

text: of

text: continuing

text: and

text: comprehensive

text: medical

text: care

text: to

text: individuals

text: families

text: and

text: communitiesknown

text: as

text: general

text: practice

text: Medical

text: practice

text: properly

text: requires

text: both

text: detailed

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: academic

text: disciplines

text: such

text: as

text: anatomy

text: and

text: physiology

text: underlying

text: diseases

text: and

text: their

text: treatmentthe

text: science

text: of

text: medicineand

text: also

text: decent

text: competence

text: in

text: its

text: applied

text: practicethe

text: art

text: or

text: craft

text: of

text: medicine

text: Neverwinter Nights is a third-person role-playing video game developed by BioWare. Interplay Entertainment was originally set to publish the game, but financial difficulties led to it being taken over by Atari. It was released on Microsoft Windows on June 18, 2002. BioWare later released a free Linux client in June 2003, requiring a purchased copy of the game to play. MacSoft released a Mac OS X port in August 2003.

text: Neverwinter

text: Nights

text: is

text: third

text: person

text: role

text: playing

text: video

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: BioWare

text: Interplay

text: Entertainment

text: was

text: originally

text: set

text: to

text: publish

text: the

text: game

text: but

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: led

text: to

text: it

text: being

text: taken

text: over

text: by

text: Atari

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: on

text: June

text: BioWare

text: later

text: released

text: free

text: Linux

text: client

text: in

text: June

text: requiring

text: purchased

text: copy

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: to

text: play

text: MacSoft

text: released

text: Mac

text: OS

text: port

text: in

text: August

text: An investor allocates capital with the expectation of a future financial return. Types of investments include: equity, debt securities, real estate, currency, commodity, derivatives such as put and call options, futures, forwards, etc. This definition makes no distinction between those in the primary and secondary markets. That is, someone who provides a business with capital and someone who buys a stock are both investors. An investor who owns a stock is a shareholder.

text: An

text: investor

text: allocates

text: capital

text: with

text: the

text: expectation

text: of

text: future

text: financial

text: return

text: Types

text: of

text: investments

text: include

text: equity

text: debt

text: securities

text: real

text: estate

text: currency

text: commodity

text: derivatives

text: such

text: as

text: put

text: and

text: call

text: options

text: futures

text: forwards

text: etc

text: This

text: definition

text: makes

text: no

text: distinction

text: between

text: those

text: in

text: the

text: primary

text: and

text: secondary

text: markets

text: That

text: is

text: someone

text: who

text: provides

text: business

text: with

text: capital

text: and

text: someone

text: who

text: buys

text: stock

text: are

text: both

text: investors

text: An

text: investor

text: who

text: owns

text: stock

text: is

text: shareholder

text: Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components  electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and TCL.

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: is

text: the

text: electronics

text: business

text: unit

text: and

text: the

text: parent

text: company

text: of

text: the

text: Sony

text: Group

text: which

text: is

text: engaged

text: in

text: business

text: through

text: its

text: four

text: operating

text: components

text: electronics

text: video

text: games

text: network

text: services

text: and

text: medical

text: business

text: motion

text: pictures

text: music

text: and

text: financial

text: services

text: These

text: make

text: Sony

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: comprehensive

text: entertainment

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Sony

text: 's

text: principal

text: business

text: operations

text: include

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Interactive

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Music

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Mobile

text: formerly

text: Sony

text: Ericsson

text: and

text: Sony

text: Financial

text: Sony

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: Semiconductor

text: sales

text: leaders

text: by

text: year

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: television

text: manufacturer

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Samsung

text: Electronics

text: LG

text: Electronics

text: and

text: TCL

text: Gregory P. Zeschuk is a former VP at Electronic Arts and General Manager at BioWare Austin . He co-founded BioWare in 1995 with Ray Muzyka and Augustine Yip , after all three earned their medical degrees from the University of Alberta . Zeschuk announced his retirement from BioWare on September 18 , 2012 . He is currently involved in a number of projects related to the craft - beer industry , including the production of a web - based interview show known as `` The Beer Diaries . ''

text: Gregory

text: Zeschuk

text: is

text: former

text: VP

text: at

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: and

text: General

text: Manager

text: at

text: BioWare

text: Austin

text: He

text: co

text: founded

text: BioWare

text: in

text: with

text: Ray

text: Muzyka

text: and

text: Augustine

text: Yip

text: after

text: all

text: three

text: earned

text: their

text: medical

text: degrees

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Alberta

text: Zeschuk

text: announced

text: his

text: retirement

text: from

text: BioWare

text: on

text: September

text: He

text: is

text: currently

text: involved

text: in

text: number

text: of

text: projects

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: craft

text: beer

text: industry

text: including

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: web

text: based

text: interview

text: show

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Beer

text: Diaries

text:
Electronic Arts Inc. (EA) is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City, California. Founded and incorporated on May 28, 1982 by Trip Hawkins, the company was a pioneer of the early home computer games industry and was notable for promoting the designers and programmers responsible for its games. As of 2014, Electronic Arts was the world's fourth-largest gaming company by revenue after Tencent, Sony and Microsoft
The company sparked controversies over its advertising efforts, and acquisition of other studios.

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: Inc.

text: EA

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: video

text: game

text: company

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Redwood

text: City

text: California

text: Founded

text: and

text: incorporated

text: on

text: May

text: by

text: Trip

text: Hawkins

text: the

text: company

text: was

text: pioneer

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: home

text: computer

text: games

text: industry

text: and

text: was

text: notable

text: for

text: promoting

text: the

text: designers

text: and

text: programmers

text: responsible

text: for

text: its

text: games

text: As

text: of

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: largest

text: gaming

text: company

text: by

text: revenue

text: after

text: Tencent

text: Sony

text: and

text: Microsoft

text: The

text: company

text: sparked

text: controversies

text: over

text: its

text: advertising

text: efforts

text: and

text: acquisition

text: of

text: other

text: studios

text: Tencent Holdings Limited is a Chinese investment holding company whose subsidiaries provide media, entertainment, internet and mobile phone value-added services and operate online advertising services in China. Its headquarters are in Nanshan District, Shenzhen.

text: Tencent

text: Holdings

text: Limited

text: is

text: Chinese

text: investment

text: holding

text: company

text: whose

text: subsidiaries

text: provide

text: media

text: entertainment

text: internet

text: and

text: mobile

text: phone

text: value

text: added

text: services

text: and

text: operate

text: online

text: advertising

text: services

text: in

text: China

text: Its

text: headquarters

text: are

text: in

text: Nanshan

text: District

text: Shenzhen

text: Mythic Entertainment (which has also been known as BioWare Mythic, EA Mythic, Inc. and Interworld Productions) was a video game developer in Fairfax, Virginia that was most widely recognized for developing the 2001 massively multiplayer online role-playing game "Dark Age of Camelot". Mythic was a prolific creator of multiplayer online games since its formation in the mid-1990s.

text: Mythic

text: Entertainment

text: which

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: known

text: as

text: BioWare

text: Mythic

text: EA

text: Mythic

text: Inc.

text: and

text: Interworld

text: Productions

text: was

text: video

text: game

text: developer

text: in

text: Fairfax

text: Virginia

text: that

text: was

text: most

text: widely

text: recognized

text: for

text: developing

text: the

text: massively

text: multiplayer

text: online

text: role

text: playing

text: game

text: Dark

text: Age

text: of

text: Camelot

text: Mythic

text: was

text: prolific

text: creator

text: of

text: multiplayer

text: online

text: games

text: since

text: its

text: formation

text: in

text: the

text: Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the intellect for which a monopoly is assigned to designated owners by law. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are the protections granted to the creators of IP, and include trademarks, copyright, patents, industrial design rights, and in some jurisdictions trade secrets. Artistic works including music and literature, as well as discoveries, inventions, words, phrases, symbols, and designs can all be protected as intellectual property.

text: Intellectual

text: property

text: IP

text: refers

text: to

text: creations

text: of

text: the

text: intellect

text: for

text: which

text: monopoly

text: is

text: assigned

text: to

text: designated

text: owners

text: by

text: law

text: Intellectual

text: property

text: rights

text: IPRs

text: are

text: the

text: protections

text: granted

text: to

text: the

text: creators

text: of

text: IP

text: and

text: include

text: trademarks

text: copyright

text: patents

text: industrial

text: design

text: rights

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: jurisdictions

text: trade

text: secrets

text: Artistic

text: works

text: including

text: music

text: and

text: literature

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: discoveries

text: inventions

text: words

text: phrases

text: symbols

text: and

text: designs

text: can

text: all

text: be

text: protected

text: as

text: intellectual

text: property

text: Ray Muzyka is a Canadian investor, entrepreneur and physician. Originally trained as a medical doctor and practicing as an emergency room and family physician after graduation, he is the co-founder of video game developer BioWare, and was CEO, senior vice president, and general manager of the BioWare label of Electronic Arts (comprising BioWare Edmonton, BioWare Austin, BioWare Montreal, BioWare Ireland, BioWare Victory, BioWare San Francisco, BioWare Sacramento and Mythic Entertainment). In October 2012 he announced that he was embarking on a 'third career' mentoring and investing in technology, new media, medical and social entrepreneurs, and impact investing at ThresholdImpact.

text: Ray

text: Muzyka

text: is

text: Canadian

text: investor

text: entrepreneur

text: and

text: physician

text: Originally

text: trained

text: as

text: medical

text: doctor

text: and

text: practicing

text: as

text: an

text: emergency

text: room

text: and

text: family

text: physician

text: after

text: graduation

text: he

text: is

text: the

text: co

text: founder

text: of

text: video

text: game

text: developer

text: BioWare

text: and

text: was

text: CEO

text: senior

text: vice

text: president

text: and

text: general

text: manager

text: of

text: the

text: BioWare

text: label

text: of

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: comprising

text: BioWare

text: Edmonton

text: BioWare

text: Austin

text: BioWare

text: Montreal

text: BioWare

text: Ireland

text: BioWare

text: Victory

text: BioWare

text: San

text: Francisco

text: BioWare

text: Sacramento

text: and

text: Mythic

text: Entertainment

text: In

text: October

text: he

text: announced

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: embarking

text: on

text: third

text: career

text: mentoring

text: and

text: investing

text: in

text: technology

text: new

text: media

text: medical

text: and

text: social

text: entrepreneurs

text: and

text: impact

text: investing

text: at

text: ThresholdImpact

text: A role-playing game (RPG and sometimes roleplaying game) is a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting. Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within a narrative, either through literal acting or through a process of structured decision-making or character development. Actions taken within many games succeed or fail according to a formal system of rules and guidelines.

text: role

text: playing

text: game

text: RPG

text: and

text: sometimes

text: roleplaying

text: game

text: is

text: game

text: in

text: which

text: players

text: assume

text: the

text: roles

text: of

text: characters

text: in

text: fictional

text: setting

text: Players

text: take

text: responsibility

text: for

text: acting

text: out

text: these

text: roles

text: within

text: narrative

text: either

text: through

text: literal

text: acting

text: or

text: through

text: process

text: of

text: structured

text: decision

text: making

text: or

text: character

text: development

text: Actions

text: taken

text: within

text: many

text: games

text: succeed

text: or

text: fail

text: according

text: to

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: rules

text: and

text: guidelines

text: Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region.

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Saskatchewan

text: River

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Edmonton

text: Capital

text: Region

text: which

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: Alberta

text: 's

text: central

text: region

text: Baldur's Gate is a fantasy role-playing video game developed by BioWare and published in 1998 by Interplay Entertainment. It is the first game in the "Baldur's Gate" series and takes place in the Forgotten Realms, a high fantasy campaign setting, using a modified version of the "Advanced Dungeons & Dragons" ("AD&D") 2nd edition rules. The game received critical acclaim and was credited for revitalizing the computer role-playing game genre. The game allows development of the player character through choice of companions, dialogue choices, exploration, and battle. "Baldur's Gate" uses a reputation system and rewards the player depending on the choices made in the game.

text: Baldur

text: 's

text: Gate

text: is

text: fantasy

text: role

text: playing

text: video

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: BioWare

text: and

text: published

text: in

text: by

text: Interplay

text: Entertainment

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: game

text: in

text: the

text: Baldur

text: 's

text: Gate

text: series

text: and

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: Forgotten

text: Realms

text: high

text: fantasy

text: campaign

text: setting

text: using

text: modified

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Advanced

text: Dungeons

text: Dragons

text: AD&D

text: edition

text: rules

text: The

text: game

text: received

text: critical

text: acclaim

text: and

text: was

text: credited

text: for

text: revitalizing

text: the

text: computer

text: role

text: playing

text: game

text: genre

text: The

text: game

text: allows

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: player

text: character

text: through

text: choice

text: of

text: companions

text: dialogue

text: choices

text: exploration

text: and

text: battle

text: Baldur

text: 's

text: Gate

text: uses

text: reputation

text: system

text: and

text: rewards

text: the

text: player

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: choices

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: game

text: Massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) are a combination of role-playing video games and massively multiplayer online games in which a very large number of players interact with one another within a virtual world.

text: Massively

text: multiplayer

text: online

text: role

text: playing

text: games

text: MMORPGs

text: are

text: combination

text: of

text: role

text: playing

text: video

text: games

text: and

text: massively

text: multiplayer

text: online

text: games

text: in

text: which

text: very

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: players

text: interact

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: within

text: virtual

text: world

text: Impact investing refers to investments "made into companies, organizations, and funds with the intention to generate a measurable, beneficial social or environmental impact alongside a financial return".

text: Impact

text: investing

text: refers

text: to

text: investments

text: made

text: into

text: companies

text: organizations

text: and

text: funds

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: to

text: generate

text: measurable

text: beneficial

text: social

text: or

text: environmental

text: impact

text: alongside

text: financial

text: return

question: place_of_birth greg zeschuk

answer: edmonton

text: edmonton

text: edmonton

text: edmonton

text: edmonton

text: edmonton

text: edmonton


text: Optical filters are devices that selectively transmit light of different wavelengths , usually implemented as plane glass or plastic devices in the optical path which are either dyed in the bulk or have interference coatings . The optical properties of filters are completely described by their frequency response , which specifies how the magnitude and phase of each frequency component of an incoming signal is modified by the filter . Filters mostly belong to one of two categories . The simplest , physically , is the absorptive filter ; then there are interference or dichroic filters . Optical filters selectively transmit light in a particular range of wavelengths , that is , colours , while blocking the remainder . They can usually pass long wavelengths only ( longpass ) , short wavelengths only ( shortpass ) , or a band of wavelengths , blocking both longer and shorter wavelengths ( bandpass ) . The passband may be narrower or wider ; the transition or cutoff between maximal and minimal transmission can be sharp or gradual . There are filters with more complex transmission characteristic , for example with two peaks rather than a single band ; these are more usually older designs traditionally used for photography ; filters with more regular characteristics are used for scientific and technical work . Optical filters are commonly used in photography ( where some special effect filters are occasionally used as well as absorptive filters ) , in many optical instruments , and to colour stage lighting . In astronomy optical filters are used to restrict light passed to the spectral band of interest , e.g. , to study infrared radiation without visible light which would affect film or sensors and overwhelm the desired infrared . Optical filters are also essential in fluorescence applications such as fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy . Photographic filters are a particular case of optical filters , and much of the material here applies . Photographic filters do not need the accurately controlled optical properties and precisely defined transmission curves of filters designed for scientific work , and sell in larger quantities at correspondingly lower prices than many laboratory filters . Some photographic effect filters , such as star effect filters , are not relevant to scientific work .

text: Optical

text: filters

text: are

text: devices

text: that

text: selectively

text: transmit

text: light

text: of

text: different

text: wavelengths

text: usually

text: implemented

text: as

text: plane

text: glass

text: or

text: plastic

text: devices

text: in

text: the

text: optical

text: path

text: which

text: are

text: either

text: dyed

text: in

text: the

text: bulk

text: or

text: have

text: interference

text: coatings

text: The

text: optical

text: properties

text: of

text: filters

text: are

text: completely

text: described

text: by

text: their

text: frequency

text: response

text: which

text: specifies

text: how

text: the

text: magnitude

text: and

text: phase

text: of

text: each

text: frequency

text: component

text: of

text: an

text: incoming

text: signal

text: is

text: modified

text: by

text: the

text: filter

text: Filters

text: mostly

text: belong

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: categories

text: The

text: simplest

text: physically

text: is

text: the

text: absorptive

text: filter

text: then

text: there

text: are

text: interference

text: or

text: dichroic

text: filters

text: Optical

text: filters

text: selectively

text: transmit

text: light

text: in

text: particular

text: range

text: of

text: wavelengths

text: that

text: is

text: colours

text: while

text: blocking

text: the

text: remainder

text: They

text: can

text: usually

text: pass

text: long

text: wavelengths

text: only

text: longpass

text: short

text: wavelengths

text: only

text: shortpass

text: or

text: band

text: of

text: wavelengths

text: blocking

text: both

text: longer

text: and

text: shorter

text: wavelengths

text: bandpass

text: The

text: passband

text: may

text: be

text: narrower

text: or

text: wider

text: the

text: transition

text: or

text: cutoff

text: between

text: maximal

text: and

text: minimal

text: transmission

text: can

text: be

text: sharp

text: or

text: gradual

text: There

text: are

text: filters

text: with

text: more

text: complex

text: transmission

text: characteristic

text: for

text: example

text: with

text: two

text: peaks

text: rather

text: than

text: single

text: band

text: these

text: are

text: more

text: usually

text: older

text: designs

text: traditionally

text: used

text: for

text: photography

text: filters

text: with

text: more

text: regular

text: characteristics

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: scientific

text: and

text: technical

text: work

text: Optical

text: filters

text: are

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: photography

text: where

text: some

text: special

text: effect

text: filters

text: are

text: occasionally

text: used

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: absorptive

text: filters

text: in

text: many

text: optical

text: instruments

text: and

text: to

text: colour

text: stage

text: lighting

text: In

text: astronomy

text: optical

text: filters

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: restrict

text: light

text: passed

text: to

text: the

text: spectral

text: band

text: of

text: interest

text: e.g.

text: to

text: study

text: infrared

text: radiation

text: without

text: visible

text: light

text: which

text: would

text: affect

text: film

text: or

text: sensors

text: and

text: overwhelm

text: the

text: desired

text: infrared

text: Optical

text: filters

text: are

text: also

text: essential

text: in

text: fluorescence

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: fluorescence

text: microscopy

text: and

text: fluorescence

text: spectroscopy

text: Photographic

text: filters

text: are

text: particular

text: case

text: of

text: optical

text: filters

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: here

text: applies

text: Photographic

text: filters

text: do

text: not

text: need

text: the

text: accurately

text: controlled

text: optical

text: properties

text: and

text: precisely

text: defined

text: transmission

text: curves

text: of

text: filters

text: designed

text: for

text: scientific

text: work

text: and

text: sell

text: in

text: larger

text: quantities

text: at

text: correspondingly

text: lower

text: prices

text: than

text: many

text: laboratory

text: filters

text: Some

text: photographic

text: effect

text: filters

text: such

text: as

text: star

text: effect

text: filters

text: are

text: not

text: relevant

text: to

text: scientific

text: work

text: Glass is a non-crystalline amorphous solid that is often transparent and has widespread practical, technological, and decorative usage in, for example, window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics. The most familiar, and historically the oldest, types of glass are "silicate glasses" based on the chemical compound silica (silicon dioxide, or quartz), the primary constituent of sand. The term "glass", in popular usage, is often used to refer only to this type of material, which is familiar from use as window glass and in glass bottles. Of the many silica-based glasses that exist, ordinary glazing and container glass is formed from a specific type called soda-lime glass, composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide (SiO), sodium oxide (NaO) from sodium carbonate (NaCO), calcium oxide, also called lime (CaO), and several minor additives.

text: Glass

text: is

text: non

text: crystalline

text: amorphous

text: solid

text: that

text: is

text: often

text: transparent

text: and

text: has

text: widespread

text: practical

text: technological

text: and

text: decorative

text: usage

text: in

text: for

text: example

text: window

text: panes

text: tableware

text: and

text: optoelectronics

text: The

text: most

text: familiar

text: and

text: historically

text: the

text: oldest

text: types

text: of

text: glass

text: are

text: silicate

text: glasses

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: chemical

text: compound

text: silica

text: silicon

text: dioxide

text: or

text: quartz

text: the

text: primary

text: constituent

text: of

text: sand

text: The

text: term

text: glass

text: in

text: popular

text: usage

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: only

text: to

text: this

text: type

text: of

text: material

text: which

text: is

text: familiar

text: from

text: use

text: as

text: window

text: glass

text: and

text: in

text: glass

text: bottles

text: Of

text: the

text: many

text: silica

text: based

text: glasses

text: that

text: exist

text: ordinary

text: glazing

text: and

text: container

text: glass

text: is

text: formed

text: from

text: specific

text: type

text: called

text: soda

text: lime

text: glass

text: composed

text: of

text: approximately

text: silicon

text: dioxide

text: SiO

text: sodium

text: oxide

text: NaO

text: from

text: sodium

text: carbonate

text: NaCO

text: calcium

text: oxide

text: also

text: called

text: lime

text: CaO

text: and

text: several

text: minor

text: additives

text: Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. It is defined by size, being finer than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e. a soil containing more than 85% sand-sized particles by mass.

text: Sand

text: is

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: granular

text: material

text: composed

text: of

text: finely

text: divided

text: rock

text: and

text: mineral

text: particles

text: It

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: size

text: being

text: finer

text: than

text: gravel

text: and

text: coarser

text: than

text: silt

text: Sand

text: can

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: textural

text: class

text: of

text: soil

text: or

text: soil

text: type

text: i.e.

text: soil

text: containing

text: more

text: than

text: sand

text: sized

text: particles

text: by

text: mass

text: Folded optics is an optical system in which the beam is bent in a way to make the optical path much longer than the size of the system. Prismatic binoculars are a well-known example.

text: Folded

text: optics

text: is

text: an

text: optical

text: system

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: beam

text: is

text: bent

text: in

text: way

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: optical

text: path

text: much

text: longer

text: than

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: system

text: Prismatic

text: binoculars

text: are

text: well

text: known

text: example

text: Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's continental crust, after feldspar. Its crystal structure is a continuous framework of SiO siliconoxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO.

text: Quartz

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: abundant

text: mineral

text: in

text: Earth

text: 's

text: continental

text: crust

text: after

text: feldspar

text: Its

text: crystal

text: structure

text: is

text: continuous

text: framework

text: of

text: SiO

text: siliconoxygen

text: tetrahedra

text: with

text: each

text: oxygen

text: being

text: shared

text: between

text: two

text: tetrahedra

text: giving

text: an

text: overall

text: chemical

text: formula

text: of

text: SiO.

text: The path that light takes in traversing an optical is often called the optical path. The physical length of an optical device can be reduced to less than the length of the optical path by using folded optics. The optical path length as defined in optics is the length of the path multiplied by the index of refraction of the medium.

text: The

text: path

text: that

text: light

text: takes

text: in

text: traversing

text: an

text: optical

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: the

text: optical

text: path

text: The

text: physical

text: length

text: of

text: an

text: optical

text: device

text: can

text: be

text: reduced

text: to

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: optical

text: path

text: by

text: using

text: folded

text: optics

text: The

text: optical

text: path

text: length

text: as

text: defined

text: in

text: optics

text: is

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: path

text: multiplied

text: by

text: the

text: index

text: of

text: refraction

text: of

text: the

text: medium

text: A bottle is a rigid container with a neck that is narrower than the body and a mouth. By contrast, a jar has a relatively large mouth or opening which may be as wide as the overall container. Bottles are often made of glass, clay, plastic, aluminium or other impervious materials, and typically used to store liquids such as water, milk, soft drinks, beer, wine, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo, ink, and chemicals. A device applied in the bottling line to seal the mouth of a bottle is termed an external bottle cap, closure, or internal stopper. A bottle can also be sealed by a conductive "innerseal" by using induction sealing.

text: bottle

text: is

text: rigid

text: container

text: with

text: neck

text: that

text: is

text: narrower

text: than

text: the

text: body

text: and

text: mouth

text: By

text: contrast

text: jar

text: has

text: relatively

text: large

text: mouth

text: or

text: opening

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: as

text: wide

text: as

text: the

text: overall

text: container

text: Bottles

text: are

text: often

text: made

text: of

text: glass

text: clay

text: plastic

text: aluminium

text: or

text: other

text: impervious

text: materials

text: and

text: typically

text: used

text: to

text: store

text: liquids

text: such

text: as

text: water

text: milk

text: soft

text: drinks

text: beer

text: wine

text: cooking

text: oil

text: medicine

text: shampoo

text: ink

text: and

text: chemicals

text: device

text: applied

text: in

text: the

text: bottling

text: line

text: to

text: seal

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: bottle

text: is

text: termed

text: an

text: external

text: bottle

text: cap

text: closure

text: or

text: internal

text: stopper

text: bottle

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: sealed

text: by

text: conductive

text: innerseal

text: by

text: using

text: induction

text: sealing

text:
Optoelectronics is the study and application of electronic devices and systems that source, detect and control light, usually considered a sub-field of photonics. In this context, "light" often includes invisible forms of radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet and infrared, in addition to visible light. Optoelectronic devices are electrical-to-optical or optical-to-electrical transducers, or instruments that use such devices in their operation.
"Electro-optics" is often erroneously used as a synonym, but is a wider branch of physics that concerns all interactions between light and electric fields, whether or not they form part of an electronic device.

text: Optoelectronics

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: and

text: application

text: of

text: electronic

text: devices

text: and

text: systems

text: that

text: source

text: detect

text: and

text: control

text: light

text: usually

text: considered

text: sub

text: field

text: of

text: photonics

text: In

text: this

text: context

text: light

text: often

text: includes

text: invisible

text: forms

text: of

text: radiation

text: such

text: as

text: gamma

text: rays

text: rays

text: ultraviolet

text: and

text: infrared

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: visible

text: light

text: Optoelectronic

text: devices

text: are

text: electrical

text: to

text: optical

text: or

text: optical

text: to

text: electrical

text: transducers

text: or

text: instruments

text: that

text: use

text: such

text: devices

text: in

text: their

text: operation

text: Electro

text: optics

text: is

text: often

text: erroneously

text: used

text: as

text: synonym

text: but

text: is

text: wider

text: branch

text: of

text: physics

text: that

text: concerns

text: all

text: interactions

text: between

text: light

text: and

text: electric

text: fields

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: they

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: electronic

text: device

text: Silicon dioxide, also known as silica (from the Latin "silex"), is a chemical compound that is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula . It has been known since ancient times. Silica is most commonly found in nature as quartz, as well as in various living organisms. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing both as several minerals and being produced synthetically. Notable examples include fused quartz, crystal, fumed silica, silica gel, and aerogels. Applications range from structural materials to microelectronics to components used in the food industry.

text: Silicon

text: dioxide

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: silica

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: silex

text: is

text: chemical

text: compound

text: that

text: is

text: an

text: oxide

text: of

text: silicon

text: with

text: the

text: chemical

text: formula

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: known

text: since

text: ancient

text: times

text: Silica

text: is

text: most

text: commonly

text: found

text: in

text: nature

text: as

text: quartz

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: various

text: living

text: organisms

text: In

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: silica

text: is

text: the

text: major

text: constituent

text: of

text: sand

text: Silica

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: complex

text: and

text: most

text: abundant

text: families

text: of

text: materials

text: existing

text: both

text: as

text: several

text: minerals

text: and

text: being

text: produced

text: synthetically

text: Notable

text: examples

text: include

text: fused

text: quartz

text: crystal

text: fumed

text: silica

text: silica

text: gel

text: and

text: aerogels

text: Applications

text: range

text: from

text: structural

text: materials

text: to

text: microelectronics

text: to

text: components

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: food

text: industry

text: Carbon (from "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalentmaking four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. Three isotopes occur naturally, C and C being stable, while C is a radioactive isotope, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.

text: Carbon

text: from

text: coal

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: symbol

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: It

text: is

text: nonmetallic

text: and

text: tetravalentmaking

text: four

text: electrons

text: available

text: to

text: form

text: covalent

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: Three

text: isotopes

text: occur

text: naturally

text: and

text: being

text: stable

text: while

text: is

text: radioactive

text: isotope

text: decaying

text: with

text: half

text: life

text: of

text: about

text: years

text: Carbon

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: elements

text: known

text: since

text: antiquity

text: Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline, crystalline solid at room temperature. The broadly used term "lime" connotes calcium-containing inorganic materials, in which carbonates, oxides and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, and iron predominate. By contrast, "quicklime" specifically applies to the single chemical compound calcium oxide. Calcium oxide which survives processing without reacting in building products such as cement is called free lime.

text: Calcium

text: oxide

text: CaO

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: quicklime

text: or

text: burnt

text: lime

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: chemical

text: compound

text: It

text: is

text: white

text: caustic

text: alkaline

text: crystalline

text: solid

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: The

text: broadly

text: used

text: term

text: lime

text: connotes

text: calcium

text: containing

text: inorganic

text: materials

text: in

text: which

text: carbonates

text: oxides

text: and

text: hydroxides

text: of

text: calcium

text: silicon

text: magnesium

text: aluminium

text: and

text: iron

text: predominate

text: By

text: contrast

text: quicklime

text: specifically

text: applies

text: to

text: the

text: single

text: chemical

text: compound

text: calcium

text: oxide

text: Calcium

text: oxide

text: which

text: survives

text: processing

text: without

text: reacting

text: in

text: building

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: cement

text: is

text: called

text: free

text: lime

text: In condensed matter physics and materials science, an amorphous (from the Greek "a", without, "morphé", shape, form) or non-crystalline solid is a solid that lacks the long-range order that is characteristic of a crystal. In some older books, the term has been used synonymously with glass. Nowadays, "Glassy solid" or "Amorphous solid" is considered to be the overarching concept, and glass the more special case: A glass is an amorphous solid that exhibits a glass transition. Polymers are often amorphous. Other types of amorphous solids include gels, thin films, and nanostructured materials such as glass.

text: In

text: condensed

text: matter

text: physics

text: and

text: materials

text: science

text: an

text: amorphous

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: without

text: morphé

text: shape

text: form

text: or

text: non

text: crystalline

text: solid

text: is

text: solid

text: that

text: lacks

text: the

text: long

text: range

text: order

text: that

text: is

text: characteristic

text: of

text: crystal

text: In

text: some

text: older

text: books

text: the

text: term

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: synonymously

text: with

text: glass

text: Nowadays

text: Glassy

text: solid

text: or

text: Amorphous

text: solid

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: overarching

text: concept

text: and

text: glass

text: the

text: more

text: special

text: case

text: glass

text: is

text: an

text: amorphous

text: solid

text: that

text: exhibits

text: glass

text: transition

text: Polymers

text: are

text: often

text: amorphous

text: Other

text: types

text: of

text: amorphous

text: solids

text: include

text: gels

text: thin

text: films

text: and

text: nanostructured

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: glass

text: In optics, optical path length (OPL) or optical distance is the product of the geometric length of the path light follows through the system, and the index of refraction of the medium through which it propagates. A difference in optical path length between two paths is often called the optical path difference (OPD). Optical path length is important because it determines the phase of the light and governs interference and diffraction of light as it propagates.

text: In

text: optics

text: optical

text: path

text: length

text: OPL

text: or

text: optical

text: distance

text: is

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: the

text: geometric

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: path

text: light

text: follows

text: through

text: the

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: index

text: of

text: refraction

text: of

text: the

text: medium

text: through

text: which

text: it

text: propagates

text: difference

text: in

text: optical

text: path

text: length

text: between

text: two

text: paths

text: is

text: often

text: called

text: the

text: optical

text: path

text: difference

text: OPD

text: Optical

text: path

text: length

text: is

text: important

text: because

text: it

text: determines

text: the

text: phase

text: of

text: the

text: light

text: and

text: governs

text: interference

text: and

text: diffraction

text: of

text: light

text: as

text: it

text: propagates

text: Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Because light is an electromagnetic wave, other forms of electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, microwaves, and radio waves exhibit similar properties.

text: Optics

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: physics

text: which

text: involves

text: the

text: behaviour

text: and

text: properties

text: of

text: light

text: including

text: its

text: interactions

text: with

text: matter

text: and

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: instruments

text: that

text: use

text: or

text: detect

text: it

text: Optics

text: usually

text: describes

text: the

text: behaviour

text: of

text: visible

text: ultraviolet

text: and

text: infrared

text: light

text: Because

text: light

text: is

text: an

text: electromagnetic

text: wave

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: such

text: as

text: rays

text: microwaves

text: and

text: radio

text: waves

text: exhibit

text: similar

text: properties

text: A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof or vehicle that allows the passage of light and, if not closed or sealed, air and sound.

text: window

text: is

text: an

text: opening

text: in

text: wall

text: door

text: roof

text: or

text: vehicle

text: that

text: allows

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: light

text: and

text: if

text: not

text: closed

text: or

text: sealed

text: air

text: and

text: sound

text: Tableware is the dishes or dishware used for setting a table, serving food and dining. It includes cutlery, glassware, serving dishes and other useful items for practical as well as decorative purposes. The quality, nature, variety and number of objects varies according to culture, religion, number of diners, cuisine and occasion. For example, Middle Eastern, Indian or Polynesian food culture and cuisine sometimes limits tableware to serving dishes, using bread or leaves as individual plates. Special occasions are usually reflected in higher quality tableware.

text: Tableware

text: is

text: the

text: dishes

text: or

text: dishware

text: used

text: for

text: setting

text: table

text: serving

text: food

text: and

text: dining

text: It

text: includes

text: cutlery

text: glassware

text: serving

text: dishes

text: and

text: other

text: useful

text: items

text: for

text: practical

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: decorative

text: purposes

text: The

text: quality

text: nature

text: variety

text: and

text: number

text: of

text: objects

text: varies

text: according

text: to

text: culture

text: religion

text: number

text: of

text: diners

text: cuisine

text: and

text: occasion

text: For

text: example

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: Indian

text: or

text: Polynesian

text: food

text: culture

text: and

text: cuisine

text: sometimes

text: limits

text: tableware

text: to

text: serving

text: dishes

text: using

text: bread

text: or

text: leaves

text: as

text: individual

text: plates

text: Special

text: occasions

text: are

text: usually

text: reflected

text: in

text: higher

text: quality

text: tableware

annotations: follows single

question: part_of optical filter

answer: optics

text: optics

text: optics

text: optics

text: optics

text: optics

text: optics

text: optics


text: The Johns Hopkins University (commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins) is an American private research university in Baltimore, Maryland. Founded in 1876, the university was named for its first benefactor, the American entrepreneur, abolitionist, and philanthropist Johns Hopkins. His $7 million bequestof which half financed the establishment of The Johns Hopkins Hospitalwas the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States at that time. Daniel Coit Gilman, who was inaugurated as the institution's first president on February 22, 1876, led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research. Adopting the concept of a graduate school from Germany's ancient Heidelberg University, Johns Hopkins University is considered the first research university in the United States.

text: The

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: University

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: JHU

text: or

text: simply

text: Hopkins

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: private

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Baltimore

text: Maryland

text: Founded

text: in

text: the

text: university

text: was

text: named

text: for

text: its

text: first

text: benefactor

text: the

text: American

text: entrepreneur

text: abolitionist

text: and

text: philanthropist

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: His

text: million

text: bequestof

text: which

text: half

text: financed

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: The

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: Hospitalwas

text: the

text: largest

text: philanthropic

text: gift

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: Daniel

text: Coit

text: Gilman

text: who

text: was

text: inaugurated

text: as

text: the

text: institution

text: 's

text: first

text: president

text: on

text: February

text: led

text: the

text: university

text: to

text: revolutionize

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: by

text: integrating

text: teaching

text: and

text: research

text: Adopting

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: graduate

text: school

text: from

text: Germany

text: 's

text: ancient

text: Heidelberg

text: University

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: University

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: first

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an interdisciplinary approach to clinical practice that has been gaining ground following its formal introduction in 1992. It started in medicine as evidence-based medicine (EBM) and spread to other fields such as audiology, speech-language pathology, dentistry, nursing, child life specialty, psychology, social work, education, library and information science. EBP is traditionally defined in terms of a "three legged stool" integrating three basic principles: (1) the best available research evidence bearing on whether and why a treatment works, (2) clinical expertise (clinical judgment and experience) to rapidly identify each patient's unique health state and diagnosis, their individual risks and benefits of potential interventions, and (3) client preferences and values

text: Evidence

text: based

text: practice

text: EBP

text: is

text: an

text: interdisciplinary

text: approach

text: to

text: clinical

text: practice

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: gaining

text: ground

text: following

text: its

text: formal

text: introduction

text: in

text: It

text: started

text: in

text: medicine

text: as

text: evidence

text: based

text: medicine

text: EBM

text: and

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: audiology

text: speech

text: language

text: pathology

text: dentistry

text: nursing

text: child

text: life

text: specialty

text: psychology

text: social

text: work

text: education

text: library

text: and

text: information

text: science

text: EBP

text: is

text: traditionally

text: defined

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: three

text: legged

text: stool

text: integrating

text: three

text: basic

text: principles

text: the

text: best

text: available

text: research

text: evidence

text: bearing

text: on

text: whether

text: and

text: why

text: treatment

text: works

text: clinical

text: expertise

text: clinical

text: judgment

text: and

text: experience

text: to

text: rapidly

text: identify

text: each

text: patient

text: 's

text: unique

text: health

text: state

text: and

text: diagnosis

text: their

text: individual

text: risks

text: and

text: benefits

text: of

text: potential

text: interventions

text: and

text: client

text: preferences

text: and

text: values

text: Health is the level of functional and metabolic efficiency of a living organism. In humans it is the ability of individuals or communities to adapt and self-manage when facing physical, mental or social changes. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined health in its broader sense in its 1948 constitution as "a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." This definition has been subject to controversy, in particular as lacking operational value, the ambiguity in developing cohesive health strategies, and because of the problem created by use of the word "complete". Other definitions have been proposed, among which a recent definition that correlates health and personal satisfaction.

text: Health

text: is

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: functional

text: and

text: metabolic

text: efficiency

text: of

text: living

text: organism

text: In

text: humans

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: individuals

text: or

text: communities

text: to

text: adapt

text: and

text: self

text: manage

text: when

text: facing

text: physical

text: mental

text: or

text: social

text: changes

text: The

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: WHO

text: defined

text: health

text: in

text: its

text: broader

text: sense

text: in

text: its

text: constitution

text: as

text: state

text: of

text: complete

text: physical

text: mental

text: and

text: social

text: well

text: being

text: and

text: not

text: merely

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: disease

text: or

text: infirmity

text: This

text: definition

text: has

text: been

text: subject

text: to

text: controversy

text: in

text: particular

text: as

text: lacking

text: operational

text: value

text: the

text: ambiguity

text: in

text: developing

text: cohesive

text: health

text: strategies

text: and

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: problem

text: created

text: by

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: complete

text: Other

text: definitions

text: have

text: been

text: proposed

text: among

text: which

text: recent

text: definition

text: that

text: correlates

text: health

text: and

text: personal

text: satisfaction

text: Maria Deloria Knoll , PhD , is an internationally recognized expert in the fields of epidemiology , disease surveillance , vaccine trial conduct , and bio-statistics . She currently serves as Associate Director of Science at the International Vaccine Access Center ( IVAC ) , an organization dedicated to accelerating global access to life - saving vaccines , at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore , Maryland .

text: Maria

text: Deloria

text: Knoll

text: PhD

text: is

text: an

text: internationally

text: recognized

text: expert

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: epidemiology

text: disease

text: surveillance

text: vaccine

text: trial

text: conduct

text: and

text: bio

text: statistics

text: She

text: currently

text: serves

text: as

text: Associate

text: Director

text: of

text: Science

text: at

text: the

text: International

text: Vaccine

text: Access

text: Center

text: IVAC

text: an

text: organization

text: dedicated

text: to

text: accelerating

text: global

text: access

text: to

text: life

text: saving

text: vaccines

text: at

text: the

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: Bloomberg

text: School

text: of

text: Public

text: Health

text: in

text: Baltimore

text: Maryland

text: Public health refers to "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting human health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals." It is concerned with threats to health based on population health analysis. The population in question can be as small as a handful of people, or as large as all the inhabitants of several continents (for instance, in the case of a pandemic). The dimensions of health can encompass "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity," as defined by the United Nations' World Health Organization. Public health incorporates the interdisciplinary approaches of epidemiology, biostatistics and health services. Environmental health, community health, behavioral health, health economics, public policy, insurance medicine, mental health and occupational safety and health are other important subfields.

text: Public

text: health

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: science

text: and

text: art

text: of

text: preventing

text: disease

text: prolonging

text: life

text: and

text: promoting

text: human

text: health

text: through

text: organized

text: efforts

text: and

text: informed

text: choices

text: of

text: society

text: organizations

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: communities

text: and

text: individuals

text: It

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: threats

text: to

text: health

text: based

text: on

text: population

text: health

text: analysis

text: The

text: population

text: in

text: question

text: can

text: be

text: as

text: small

text: as

text: handful

text: of

text: people

text: or

text: as

text: large

text: as

text: all

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: several

text: continents

text: for

text: instance

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: pandemic

text: The

text: dimensions

text: of

text: health

text: can

text: encompass

text: state

text: of

text: complete

text: physical

text: mental

text: and

text: social

text: well

text: being

text: and

text: not

text: merely

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: disease

text: or

text: infirmity

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: Public

text: health

text: incorporates

text: the

text: interdisciplinary

text: approaches

text: of

text: epidemiology

text: biostatistics

text: and

text: health

text: services

text: Environmental

text: health

text: community

text: health

text: behavioral

text: health

text: health

text: economics

text: public

text: policy

text: insurance

text: medicine

text: mental

text: health

text: and

text: occupational

text: safety

text: and

text: health

text: are

text: other

text: important

text: subfields

text: Epidemiology is the study and analysis of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, amend interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences.

text: Epidemiology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: and

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: patterns

text: causes

text: and

text: effects

text: of

text: health

text: and

text: disease

text: conditions

text: in

text: defined

text: populations

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: cornerstone

text: of

text: public

text: health

text: and

text: shapes

text: policy

text: decisions

text: and

text: evidence

text: based

text: practice

text: by

text: identifying

text: risk

text: factors

text: for

text: disease

text: and

text: targets

text: for

text: preventive

text: healthcare

text: Epidemiologists

text: help

text: with

text: study

text: design

text: collection

text: and

text: statistical

text: analysis

text: of

text: data

text: amend

text: interpretation

text: and

text: dissemination

text: of

text: results

text: including

text: peer

text: review

text: and

text: occasional

text: systematic

text: review

text: Epidemiology

text: has

text: helped

text: develop

text: methodology

text: used

text: in

text: clinical

text: research

text: public

text: health

text: studies

text: and

text: to

text: lesser

text: extent

text: basic

text: research

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: sciences

text: The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH) is part of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. As the first independent, degree-granting institution for research and training in public health, and the largest public health training facility in the United States, the Bloomberg School is a leading international authority on the improvement of health and prevention of disease and disability. The school's mission is to protect populations from illness and injury by pioneering new research, deploying its knowledge and expertise in the field, and educating scientists and practitioners in the global defense of human life. The school is ranked first in public health in the "U.S. News and World Report" rankings and has held that ranking since 1994.

text: The

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: Bloomberg

text: School

text: of

text: Public

text: Health

text: JHSPH

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Johns

text: Hopkins

text: University

text: in

text: Baltimore

text: Maryland

text: United

text: States

text: As

text: the

text: first

text: independent

text: degree

text: granting

text: institution

text: for

text: research

text: and

text: training

text: in

text: public

text: health

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: public

text: health

text: training

text: facility

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: Bloomberg

text: School

text: is

text: leading

text: international

text: authority

text: on

text: the

text: improvement

text: of

text: health

text: and

text: prevention

text: of

text: disease

text: and

text: disability

text: The

text: school

text: 's

text: mission

text: is

text: to

text: protect

text: populations

text: from

text: illness

text: and

text: injury

text: by

text: pioneering

text: new

text: research

text: deploying

text: its

text: knowledge

text: and

text: expertise

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: and

text: educating

text: scientists

text: and

text: practitioners

text: in

text: the

text: global

text: defense

text: of

text: human

text: life

text: The

text: school

text: is

text: ranked

text: first

text: in

text: public

text: health

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: News

text: and

text: World

text: Report

text: rankings

text: and

text: has

text: held

text: that

text: ranking

text: since

annotations: follows multiple

question: employer maria deloria knoll

answer: johns hopkins university

text: johns hopkins university

text: johns hopkins university

text: johns hopkins university