text: A birbyn is a Lithuanian aerophone that can be either single or double-reeded and may or may not have a mouthpiece. "Birbyn" can be made of a variety of materials: wood, bark, horn, straw, goose feather, etc. The earliest and simplest examples were used by children as playtoys and by shepherds as a tool to control the herd. In the 19th century, influenced by classical instruments and especially the clarinet, the "birbyn" evolved into a serious musical instrument used in ensembles. Modern "birbyns" are made of wood with bells of horn and usually have ten tone holes. They are divided by pitch range into three categories: soprano, tenor, and contrabass.

text: birbyn

text: is

text: Lithuanian

text: aerophone

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: either

text: single

text: or

text: double

text: reeded

text: and

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: have

text: mouthpiece

text: Birbyn

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: of

text: variety

text: of

text: materials

text: wood

text: bark

text: horn

text: straw

text: goose

text: feather

text: etc

text: The

text: earliest

text: and

text: simplest

text: examples

text: were

text: used

text: by

text: children

text: as

text: playtoys

text: and

text: by

text: shepherds

text: as

text: tool

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: herd

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: influenced

text: by

text: classical

text: instruments

text: and

text: especially

text: the

text: clarinet

text: the

text: birbyn

text: evolved

text: into

text: serious

text: musical

text: instrument

text: used

text: in

text: ensembles

text: Modern

text: birbyns

text: are

text: made

text: of

text: wood

text: with

text: bells

text: of

text: horn

text: and

text: usually

text: have

text: ten

text: tone

text: holes

text: They

text: are

text: divided

text: by

text: pitch

text: range

text: into

text: three

text: categories

text: soprano

text: tenor

text: and

text: contrabass

text: Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants. Plants with bark include trees, woody vines, and shrubs. Bark refers to all the tissues outside of the vascular cambium and is a nontechnical term. It overlays the wood and consists of the inner bark and the outer bark. The inner bark, which in older stems is living tissue, includes the innermost area of the periderm. The outer bark in older stems includes the dead tissue on the surface of the stems, along with parts of the innermost periderm and all the tissues on the outer side of the periderm. The outer bark on trees which lies external to the last formed periderm is also called the rhytidome.

text: Bark

text: is

text: the

text: outermost

text: layers

text: of

text: stems

text: and

text: roots

text: of

text: woody

text: plants

text: Plants

text: with

text: bark

text: include

text: trees

text: woody

text: vines

text: and

text: shrubs

text: Bark

text: refers

text: to

text: all

text: the

text: tissues

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: vascular

text: cambium

text: and

text: is

text: nontechnical

text: term

text: It

text: overlays

text: the

text: wood

text: and

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: inner

text: bark

text: and

text: the

text: outer

text: bark

text: The

text: inner

text: bark

text: which

text: in

text: older

text: stems

text: is

text: living

text: tissue

text: includes

text: the

text: innermost

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: periderm

text: The

text: outer

text: bark

text: in

text: older

text: stems

text: includes

text: the

text: dead

text: tissue

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: stems

text: along

text: with

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: innermost

text: periderm

text: and

text: all

text: the

text: tissues

text: on

text: the

text: outer

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: periderm

text: The

text: outer

text: bark

text: on

text: trees

text: which

text: lies

text: external

text: to

text: the

text: last

text: formed

text: periderm

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: rhytidome

text: The dili tuiduk,   (also dilli düdük, dilli tuyduk , dili tüidük, dilli tüidük ) is a Turkmen woodwind instrument. It is a clarinet-like, single-reed instrument used mainly in Turkmen folk music. Dilli-tuyduk These come in two kinds. In one, the reed end of the instrument is closed and in the other it is open. A reed is cut in the upper part of the pipe and 3 or 4 finger holes are cut on the upper part, at intervals of some 5-6mm. Its range is a 6thor 7th, from about fa in the first octave to re or mi in the second. Some sounds have to be made by overblowing or by partly exposing the finger holes. The dilli-tuyduk makes a penetrating sound and is used to play the tunes of Turkmen folk songs. Versions of song tunes in the form of ditties for the dilli-tuyduk start in a long drawn-out sound going into the main melody.

text: The

text: dili

text: tuiduk

text: also

text: dilli

text: düdük

text: dilli

text: tuyduk

text: dili

text: tüidük

text: dilli

text: tüidük

text: is

text: Turkmen

text: woodwind

text: instrument

text: It

text: is

text: clarinet

text: like

text: single

text: reed

text: instrument

text: used

text: mainly

text: in

text: Turkmen

text: folk

text: music

text: Dilli

text: tuyduk

text: These

text: come

text: in

text: two

text: kinds

text: In

text: one

text: the

text: reed

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: instrument

text: is

text: closed

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: it

text: is

text: open

text: reed

text: is

text: cut

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: pipe

text: and

text: or

text: finger

text: holes

text: are

text: cut

text: on

text: the

text: upper

text: part

text: at

text: intervals

text: of

text: some

text: mm

text: Its

text: range

text: is

text: from

text: about

text: fa

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: octave

text: to

text: re

text: or

text: mi

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: Some

text: sounds

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: made

text: by

text: overblowing

text: or

text: by

text: partly

text: exposing

text: the

text: finger

text: holes

text: The

text: dilli

text: tuyduk

text: makes

text: penetrating

text: sound

text: and

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: play

text: the

text: tunes

text: of

text: Turkmen

text: folk

text: songs

text: Versions

text: of

text: song

text: tunes

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: ditties

text: for

text: the

text: dilli

text: tuyduk

text: start

text: in

text: long

text: drawn

text: out

text: sound

text: going

text: into

text: the

text: main

text: melody

text: The zurna ( also called surnay , birbyn , lettish horn , surla , sornai , dili tuiduk , zournas , or zurma ) , is a wind instrument played in central Eurasia , ranging from the Balkans to Central Asia . It is usually accompanied by a davul ( bass drum ) in Anatolian folk music .

text: The

text: zurna

text: also

text: called

text: surnay

text: birbyn

text: lettish

text: horn

text: surla

text: sornai

text: dili

text: tuiduk

text: zournas

text: or

text: zurma

text: is

text: wind

text: instrument

text: played

text: in

text: central

text: Eurasia

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: Balkans

text: to

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: accompanied

text: by

text: davul

text: bass

text: drum

text: in

text: Anatolian

text: folk

text: music

text: A wind instrument is a musical instrument that contains some type of resonator (usually a tube), in which a column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into (or over) a mouthpiece set at or near the end of the resonator. The pitch of the vibration is determined by the length of the tube and by manual modifications of the effective length of the vibrating column of air. In the case of some wind instruments, sound is produced by blowing through a reed; others require buzzing into a metal mouthpiece.

text: wind

text: instrument

text: is

text: musical

text: instrument

text: that

text: contains

text: some

text: type

text: of

text: resonator

text: usually

text: tube

text: in

text: which

text: column

text: of

text: air

text: is

text: set

text: into

text: vibration

text: by

text: the

text: player

text: blowing

text: into

text: or

text: over

text: mouthpiece

text: set

text: at

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: resonator

text: The

text: pitch

text: of

text: the

text: vibration

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: tube

text: and

text: by

text: manual

text: modifications

text: of

text: the

text: effective

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: vibrating

text: column

text: of

text: air

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: some

text: wind

text: instruments

text: sound

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: blowing

text: through

text: reed

text: others

text: require

text: buzzing

text: into

text: metal

text: mouthpiece

text: The davul or tupan is a large double-headed drum that is played with mallets. It has many names depending on the country and region.

text: The

text: davul

text: or

text: tupan

text: is

text: large

text: double

text: headed

text: drum

text: that

text: is

text: played

text: with

text: mallets

text: It

text: has

text: many

text: names

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: region

text: The drum is a member of the percussion group of musical instruments. In the Hornbostel-Sachs classification system, it is a membranophone. Drums consist of at least one membrane, called a drumhead or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with the player's hands, or with a drum stick, to produce sound. There is usually a "resonance head" on the underside of the drum, typically tuned to a slightly lower pitch than the top drumhead. Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, such as the thumb roll. Drums are the world's oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years.

text: The

text: drum

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: percussion

text: group

text: of

text: musical

text: instruments

text: In

text: the

text: Hornbostel

text: Sachs

text: classification

text: system

text: it

text: is

text: membranophone

text: Drums

text: consist

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: membrane

text: called

text: drumhead

text: or

text: drum

text: skin

text: that

text: is

text: stretched

text: over

text: shell

text: and

text: struck

text: either

text: directly

text: with

text: the

text: player

text: 's

text: hands

text: or

text: with

text: drum

text: stick

text: to

text: produce

text: sound

text: There

text: is

text: usually

text: resonance

text: head

text: on

text: the

text: underside

text: of

text: the

text: drum

text: typically

text: tuned

text: to

text: slightly

text: lower

text: pitch

text: than

text: the

text: top

text: drumhead

text: Other

text: techniques

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: cause

text: drums

text: to

text: make

text: sound

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: thumb

text: roll

text: Drums

text: are

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: ubiquitous

text: musical

text: instruments

text: and

text: the

text: basic

text: design

text: has

text: remained

text: virtually

text: unchanged

text: for

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: A tone hole is an opening in the body of a wind instrument which, when alternately closed and opened, changes the pitch of the sound produced. Tone holes may serve specific purposes, such as a trill hole or register hole. A tone hole is, "in wind instruments[,] a hole that may be stopped by the finger, or a key, to change the pitch of the tone produced."

text: tone

text: hole

text: is

text: an

text: opening

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: wind

text: instrument

text: which

text: when

text: alternately

text: closed

text: and

text: opened

text: changes

text: the

text: pitch

text: of

text: the

text: sound

text: produced

text: Tone

text: holes

text: may

text: serve

text: specific

text: purposes

text: such

text: as

text: trill

text: hole

text: or

text: register

text: hole

text: tone

text: hole

text: is

text: in

text: wind

text: instruments

text: hole

text: that

text: may

text: be

text: stopped

text: by

text: the

text: finger

text: or

text: key

text: to

text: change

text: the

text: pitch

text: of

text: the

text: tone

text: produced

text: The clarinet is a musical-instrument family belonging to the group known as the woodwind instruments. It has a single-reed mouthpiece, a straight cylindrical tube with an almost cylindrical bore, and a flared bell. A person who plays a clarinet is called a "clarinetist" (sometimes spelled "clarinettist").

text: The

text: clarinet

text: is

text: musical

text: instrument

text: family

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: group

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: woodwind

text: instruments

text: It

text: has

text: single

text: reed

text: mouthpiece

text: straight

text: cylindrical

text: tube

text: with

text: an

text: almost

text: cylindrical

text: bore

text: and

text: flared

text: bell

text: person

text: who

text: plays

text: clarinet

text: is

text: called

text: clarinetist

text: sometimes

text: spelled

text: clarinettist

text: Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the more general category of wind instruments. There are two main types of woodwind instruments: flutes and reed instruments (otherwise called reed pipes). What differentiates these instruments from other wind instruments is the way in which they produce their sound. Examples are a saxophone, a bassoon and a piccolo.

text: Woodwind

text: instruments

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: musical

text: instruments

text: within

text: the

text: more

text: general

text: category

text: of

text: wind

text: instruments

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: main

text: types

text: of

text: woodwind

text: instruments

text: flutes

text: and

text: reed

text: instruments

text: otherwise

text: called

text: reed

text: pipes

text: What

text: differentiates

text: these

text: instruments

text: from

text: other

text: wind

text: instruments

text: is

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: produce

text: their

text: sound

text: Examples

text: are

text: saxophone

text: bassoon

text: and

text: piccolo

text: A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance or resonant behavior, that is, it naturally oscillates at some frequencies, called its resonant frequencies, with greater amplitude than at others. The oscillations in a resonator can be either electromagnetic or mechanical (including acoustic). Resonators are used to either generate waves of specific frequencies or to select specific frequencies from a signal. Musical instruments use acoustic resonators that produce sound waves of specific tones. Another example is quartz crystals used in electronic devices such as radio transmitters and quartz watches to produce oscillations of very precise frequency.

text: resonator

text: is

text: device

text: or

text: system

text: that

text: exhibits

text: resonance

text: or

text: resonant

text: behavior

text: that

text: is

text: it

text: naturally

text: oscillates

text: at

text: some

text: frequencies

text: called

text: its

text: resonant

text: frequencies

text: with

text: greater

text: amplitude

text: than

text: at

text: others

text: The

text: oscillations

text: in

text: resonator

text: can

text: be

text: either

text: electromagnetic

text: or

text: mechanical

text: including

text: acoustic

text: Resonators

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: either

text: generate

text: waves

text: of

text: specific

text: frequencies

text: or

text: to

text: select

text: specific

text: frequencies

text: from

text: signal

text: Musical

text: instruments

text: use

text: acoustic

text: resonators

text: that

text: produce

text: sound

text: waves

text: of

text: specific

text: tones

text: Another

text: example

text: is

text: quartz

text: crystals

text: used

text: in

text: electronic

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: radio

text: transmitters

text: and

text: quartz

text: watches

text: to

text: produce

text: oscillations

text: of

text: very

text: precise

text: frequency

text: Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.

text: Lithuania

text: UK

text: and

text: US

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Baltic

text: states

text: it

text: is

text: situated

text: along

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Denmark

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Lithuania

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Vilnius

text: Lithuanians

text: are

text: Baltic

text: people

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: Lithuanian

text: along

text: with

text: Latvian

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: two

text: living

text: languages

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: language

text: family

text:
A single-reed instrument is a woodwind instrument that uses only one reed to produce sound. The very earliest single-reed instruments were documented in ancient Egypt, as well as the Middle East, Greece, and the Roman Empire. The earliest types of single-reed instruments used idioglottal reeds, where the vibrating reed is a tongue cut and shaped on the tube of cane. Much later, single-reed instruments started using heteroglottal reeds, where a reed is cut and separated from the tube of cane and attached to a mouthpiece of some sort. By contrast, in a double reed instrument (such as the oboe and bassoon), there is no mouthpiece; the two parts of the reed vibrate against one another. Reeds are traditionally made of cane and produce sound when air is blown across or through them.
Most single-reed instruments are descended from single-reed idioglot instruments called 'memet', found in Egypt as early as 2700 BCE. Due to their fragility, no instruments from antiquity were preserved but iconographic evidence is prevalent. During the Old Kingdom in Egypt (27782723 BCE), memets were depicted on the reliefs of seven tombs at Saqqarra, six tombs at Giza, and the pyramids of Queen Khentkaus. Most memets were double-clarinets, where two reed tubes were tied or glued together to form one instrument. Multiple pipes were used to reinforce sound or generate a strong beat-tone with slight variations in tuning among the pipes. One of the tubes usually functioned as a drone, but the design of these simple instruments varied endlessly. The entire reed entered the mouth, meaning that the player could not easily articulate so melodies were defined by quick movement of the fingers on the tone holes. These types of double-clarinets are still prevalent today, but also developed into simplified single-clarinets and hornpipes. Modern-day idioglots found in Egypt include the arghul and the zummara.

text: single

text: reed

text: instrument

text: is

text: woodwind

text: instrument

text: that

text: uses

text: only

text: one

text: reed

text: to

text: produce

text: sound

text: The

text: very

text: earliest

text: single

text: reed

text: instruments

text: were

text: documented

text: in

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: The

text: earliest

text: types

text: of

text: single

text: reed

text: instruments

text: used

text: idioglottal

text: reeds

text: where

text: the

text: vibrating

text: reed

text: is

text: tongue

text: cut

text: and

text: shaped

text: on

text: the

text: tube

text: of

text: cane

text: Much

text: later

text: single

text: reed

text: instruments

text: started

text: using

text: heteroglottal

text: reeds

text: where

text: reed

text: is

text: cut

text: and

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: tube

text: of

text: cane

text: and

text: attached

text: to

text: mouthpiece

text: of

text: some

text: sort

text: By

text: contrast

text: in

text: double

text: reed

text: instrument

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: oboe

text: and

text: bassoon

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: mouthpiece

text: the

text: two

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: reed

text: vibrate

text: against

text: one

text: another

text: Reeds

text: are

text: traditionally

text: made

text: of

text: cane

text: and

text: produce

text: sound

text: when

text: air

text: is

text: blown

text: across

text: or

text: through

text: them

text: Most

text: single

text: reed

text: instruments

text: are

text: descended

text: from

text: single

text: reed

text: idioglot

text: instruments

text: called

text: memet

text: found

text: in

text: Egypt

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: BCE

text: Due

text: to

text: their

text: fragility

text: no

text: instruments

text: from

text: antiquity

text: were

text: preserved

text: but

text: iconographic

text: evidence

text: is

text: prevalent

text: During

text: the

text: Old

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: Egypt

text: BCE

text: memets

text: were

text: depicted

text: on

text: the

text: reliefs

text: of

text: seven

text: tombs

text: at

text: Saqqarra

text: six

text: tombs

text: at

text: Giza

text: and

text: the

text: pyramids

text: of

text: Queen

text: Khentkaus

text: Most

text: memets

text: were

text: double

text: clarinets

text: where

text: two

text: reed

text: tubes

text: were

text: tied

text: or

text: glued

text: together

text: to

text: form

text: one

text: instrument

text: Multiple

text: pipes

text: were

text: used

text: to

text: reinforce

text: sound

text: or

text: generate

text: strong

text: beat

text: tone

text: with

text: slight

text: variations

text: in

text: tuning

text: among

text: the

text: pipes

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: tubes

text: usually

text: functioned

text: as

text: drone

text: but

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: these

text: simple

text: instruments

text: varied

text: endlessly

text: The

text: entire

text: reed

text: entered

text: the

text: mouth

text: meaning

text: that

text: the

text: player

text: could

text: not

text: easily

text: articulate

text: so

text: melodies

text: were

text: defined

text: by

text: quick

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: fingers

text: on

text: the

text: tone

text: holes

text: These

text: types

text: of

text: double

text: clarinets

text: are

text: still

text: prevalent

text: today

text: but

text: also

text: developed

text: into

text: simplified

text: single

text: clarinets

text: and

text: hornpipes

text: Modern

text: day

text: idioglots

text: found

text: in

text: Egypt

text: include

text: the

text: arghul

text: and

text: the

text: zummara

text: An aerophone is any musical instrument that produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound. Aerophones categorically comprise "the largest and most complex group of instruments in the Americas".

text: An

text: aerophone

text: is

text: any

text: musical

text: instrument

text: that

text: produces

text: sound

text: primarily

text: by

text: causing

text: body

text: of

text: air

text: to

text: vibrate

text: without

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: strings

text: or

text: membranes

text: and

text: without

text: the

text: vibration

text: of

text: the

text: instrument

text: itself

text: adding

text: considerably

text: to

text: the

text: sound

text: Aerophones

text: categorically

text: comprise

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: complex

text: group

text: of

text: instruments

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

question: subclass_of zurna

answer: double reed instrument

text: double reed instrument


text:
Brian Nicholas McFadden (born 12 April 1980) is an Irish singer-songwriter and TV presenter who rose to fame in 1998 as a member of the Irish boyband Westlife as one of the lead singers and frontman. When he resided in Australia, he was a judge on "Australia's Got Talent".
Following his departure from Westlife in 2004, McFadden released his debut solo album, "Irish Son", which peaked within the top 5 on both the Danish and Irish Albums Charts, and produced his first two No. 1 solo singles "Real to Me" in four European countries and also "Almost Here", a duet with his now ex-fiancée Delta Goodrem which gained a platinum accreditation in Australia. "Like Only a Woman Can", the lead single from his second album, "Set in Stone" (2008), became his third No. 1 single as a solo artist. In 2010, McFadden scored his fourth No. 1 with the hit single "Just Say So", featuring American singer Kevin Rudolf, and gained his second Australian platinum accreditation. The single received a nomination at the 2010 ARIA Music Awards for Most Popular Australian Single.

text: Brian

text: Nicholas

text: McFadden

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: Irish

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: TV

text: presenter

text: who

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Irish

text: boyband

text: Westlife

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: lead

text: singers

text: and

text: frontman

text: When

text: he

text: resided

text: in

text: Australia

text: he

text: was

text: judge

text: on

text: Australia

text: 's

text: Got

text: Talent

text: Following

text: his

text: departure

text: from

text: Westlife

text: in

text: McFadden

text: released

text: his

text: debut

text: solo

text: album

text: Irish

text: Son

text: which

text: peaked

text: within

text: the

text: top

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: Danish

text: and

text: Irish

text: Albums

text: Charts

text: and

text: produced

text: his

text: first

text: two

text: No

text: solo

text: singles

text: Real

text: to

text: Me

text: in

text: four

text: European

text: countries

text: and

text: also

text: Almost

text: Here

text: duet

text: with

text: his

text: now

text: ex

text: fiancée

text: Delta

text: Goodrem

text: which

text: gained

text: platinum

text: accreditation

text: in

text: Australia

text: Like

text: Only

text: Woman

text: Can

text: the

text: lead

text: single

text: from

text: his

text: second

text: album

text: Set

text: in

text: Stone

text: became

text: his

text: third

text: No

text: single

text: as

text: solo

text: artist

text: In

text: McFadden

text: scored

text: his

text: fourth

text: No

text: with

text: the

text: hit

text: single

text: Just

text: Say

text: So

text: featuring

text: American

text: singer

text: Kevin

text: Rudolf

text: and

text: gained

text: his

text: second

text: Australian

text: platinum

text: accreditation

text: The

text: single

text: received

text: nomination

text: at

text: the

text: ARIA

text: Music

text: Awards

text: for

text: Most

text: Popular

text: Australian

text: Single

text: BMF also known as BMF Records Ireland and BMF Media LTD was founded and started by ex-Westlife star Brian McFadden . He is currently signed under the label along with Island Records / Universal in Australia and Asia .

text: BMF

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: BMF

text: Records

text: Ireland

text: and

text: BMF

text: Media

text: LTD

text: was

text: founded

text: and

text: started

text: by

text: ex

text: Westlife

text: star

text: Brian

text: McFadden

text: He

text: is

text: currently

text: signed

text: under

text: the

text: label

text: along

text: with

text: Island

text: Records

text: Universal

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: Asia

text: "Like Only a Woman Can" is a song written by Irish singer Brian McFadden. It was first released as a single in Ireland only, where it reached the #1 position in April 2007. In March 2008, an alternative version of the song was released in Australia and New Zealand, as the lead single from McFadden's second studio album, "Set in Stone", where it peaked at #13 and #39 respectively. McFadden explained in an interview that, "It is an open and frank love-song to someone who has helped the writer find redemption. It's a song about Delta. Equally, it's me admitting the mistakes of my past, while looking forward to the future." The video for the song was shot in Brisbane, Australia.

text: Like

text: Only

text: Woman

text: Can

text: is

text: song

text: written

text: by

text: Irish

text: singer

text: Brian

text: McFadden

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: released

text: as

text: single

text: in

text: Ireland

text: only

text: where

text: it

text: reached

text: the

text: position

text: in

text: April

text: In

text: March

text: an

text: alternative

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: single

text: from

text: McFadden

text: 's

text: second

text: studio

text: album

text: Set

text: in

text: Stone

text: where

text: it

text: peaked

text: at

text: and

text: respectively

text: McFadden

text: explained

text: in

text: an

text: interview

text: that

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: open

text: and

text: frank

text: love

text: song

text: to

text: someone

text: who

text: has

text: helped

text: the

text: writer

text: find

text: redemption

text: It

text: 's

text: song

text: about

text: Delta

text: Equally

text: it

text: 's

text: me

text: admitting

text: the

text: mistakes

text: of

text: my

text: past

text: while

text: looking

text: forward

text: to

text: the

text: future

text: The

text: video

text: for

text: the

text: song

text: was

text: shot

text: in

text: Brisbane

text: Australia

text: Australia's Got Talent is an Australian reality television talent show which premiered on 18 February 2007 on the Seven Network. The show is based on the "Got Talent" series format that originated in the United Kingdom with Simon Cowell. The original judges were Tom Burlinson, Red Symons and Dannii Minogue. Burlinson and Symons did not return for season four and were replaced by Brian McFadden and Kyle Sandilands. Dawn French, Timomatic and Geri Halliwell joined the panel in season seven as replacements for McFadden and Minogue. All four judges from season seven will be replaced by Kelly Osbourne, Ian "Dicko" Dickson, Sophie Monk and Eddie Perfect in season eight.

text: Australia

text: 's

text: Got

text: Talent

text: is

text: an

text: Australian

text: reality

text: television

text: talent

text: show

text: which

text: premiered

text: on

text: February

text: on

text: the

text: Seven

text: Network

text: The

text: show

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Got

text: Talent

text: series

text: format

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: with

text: Simon

text: Cowell

text: The

text: original

text: judges

text: were

text: Tom

text: Burlinson

text: Red

text: Symons

text: and

text: Dannii

text: Minogue

text: Burlinson

text: and

text: Symons

text: did

text: not

text: return

text: for

text: season

text: four

text: and

text: were

text: replaced

text: by

text: Brian

text: McFadden

text: and

text: Kyle

text: Sandilands

text: Dawn

text: French

text: Timomatic

text: and

text: Geri

text: Halliwell

text: joined

text: the

text: panel

text: in

text: season

text: seven

text: as

text: replacements

text: for

text: McFadden

text: and

text: Minogue

text: All

text: four

text: judges

text: from

text: season

text: seven

text: will

text: be

text: replaced

text: by

text: Kelly

text: Osbourne

text: Ian

text: Dicko

text: Dickson

text: Sophie

text: Monk

text: and

text: Eddie

text: Perfect

text: in

text: season

text: eight

text: Westlife were an Irish boy band, formed in Sligo in July 1998 and disbanded in June 2012. Originally signed by Simon Cowell and managed by Louis Walsh, the group's second and final line-up consisted of Nicky Byrne, Kian Egan, Mark Feehily, and Shane Filan. Brian McFadden was a member from July 1998 until his departure in March 2004.

text: Westlife

text: were

text: an

text: Irish

text: boy

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: Sligo

text: in

text: July

text: and

text: disbanded

text: in

text: June

text: Originally

text: signed

text: by

text: Simon

text: Cowell

text: and

text: managed

text: by

text: Louis

text: Walsh

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: second

text: and

text: final

text: line

text: up

text: consisted

text: of

text: Nicky

text: Byrne

text: Kian

text: Egan

text: Mark

text: Feehily

text: and

text: Shane

text: Filan

text: Brian

text: McFadden

text: was

text: member

text: from

text: July

text: until

text: his

text: departure

text: in

text: March

text: Delta Lea Goodrem (born 9 November 1984) is an Australian singer-songwriter and actress. Born and raised in Sydney, New South Wales, she enrolled in dancing, acting, singing and piano classes at a young age. She began her career as a child actress, starring in various television shows and rose to prominence in 2002 in the Australian soap opera "Neighbours" as Nina Tucker.

text: Delta

text: Lea

text: Goodrem

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: Australian

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: actress

text: Born

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Sydney

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: she

text: enrolled

text: in

text: dancing

text: acting

text: singing

text: and

text: piano

text: classes

text: at

text: young

text: age

text: She

text: began

text: her

text: career

text: as

text: child

text: actress

text: starring

text: in

text: various

text: television

text: shows

text: and

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: Australian

text: soap

text: opera

text: Neighbours

text: as

text: Nina

text: Tucker

text: Kevin Winston Rudolf (born February 17, 1983) is an American musician and record producer from New York City, New York.

text: Kevin

text: Winston

text: Rudolf

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: New

text: York

text: Irish Son is the debut solo album by Irish singer Brian McFadden. It was released on 29 November 2004. McFadden signed with Sony Music following his departure from boy band Westlife in 2004. The singer mainly co-wrote the album with English songwriter Guy Chambers, who produced the album along Paul Stacey, Richard Flack, Mark Taylor, and Phil Thornalley.

text: Irish

text: Son

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: solo

text: album

text: by

text: Irish

text: singer

text: Brian

text: McFadden

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: November

text: McFadden

text: signed

text: with

text: Sony

text: Music

text: following

text: his

text: departure

text: from

text: boy

text: band

text: Westlife

text: in

text: The

text: singer

text: mainly

text: co

text: wrote

text: the

text: album

text: with

text: English

text: songwriter

text: Guy

text: Chambers

text: who

text: produced

text: the

text: album

text: along

text: Paul

text: Stacey

text: Richard

text: Flack

text: Mark

text: Taylor

text: and

text: Phil

text: Thornalley

annotations: follows multiple

question: inception bmf

answer: 2007


text: The Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Texas House of Representatives. The Speaker's main duties are to conduct meetings of the House, appoint committees, and enforce the Rules of the House. The current speaker is Joe Straus, a Republican from San Antonio, who was first elected Speaker on January 13, 2009.

text: The

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: is

text: the

text: presiding

text: officer

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: The

text: Speaker

text: 's

text: main

text: duties

text: are

text: to

text: conduct

text: meetings

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: appoint

text: committees

text: and

text: enforce

text: the

text: Rules

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: The

text: current

text: speaker

text: is

text: Joe

text: Straus

text: Republican

text: from

text: San

text: Antonio

text: who

text: was

text: first

text: elected

text: Speaker

text: on

text: January

text: Common law (also known as case law or precedent) is law developed by judges, courts, and similar tribunals, stated in decisions that nominally decide individual cases but that in addition have precedential effect on future cases. Common law is a third branch of law, in contrast to and on equal footing with statutes which are adopted through the legislative process, and regulations which are promulgated by the executive branch. In cases where the parties disagree on what the law is, a common law court looks to past precedential decisions of relevant courts. If a similar dispute has been resolved in the past, the court is usually bound to follow the reasoning used in the prior decision (a principle known as "stare decisis"). If, however, the court finds that the current dispute is fundamentally distinct from all previous cases (called a "matter of first impression"), judges have the authority and duty to resolve the issue (one party or the other has to win, and on disagreements of law, judges make that decision). Resolution of the issue in one case becomes precedent that binds future courts. "Stare decisis", the principle that cases should be decided according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar results, lies at the heart of all common law systems.

text: Common

text: law

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: case

text: law

text: or

text: precedent

text: is

text: law

text: developed

text: by

text: judges

text: courts

text: and

text: similar

text: tribunals

text: stated

text: in

text: decisions

text: that

text: nominally

text: decide

text: individual

text: cases

text: but

text: that

text: in

text: addition

text: have

text: precedential

text: effect

text: on

text: future

text: cases

text: Common

text: law

text: is

text: third

text: branch

text: of

text: law

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: and

text: on

text: equal

text: footing

text: with

text: statutes

text: which

text: are

text: adopted

text: through

text: the

text: legislative

text: process

text: and

text: regulations

text: which

text: are

text: promulgated

text: by

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: In

text: cases

text: where

text: the

text: parties

text: disagree

text: on

text: what

text: the

text: law

text: is

text: common

text: law

text: court

text: looks

text: to

text: past

text: precedential

text: decisions

text: of

text: relevant

text: courts

text: If

text: similar

text: dispute

text: has

text: been

text: resolved

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: the

text: court

text: is

text: usually

text: bound

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: reasoning

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: prior

text: decision

text: principle

text: known

text: as

text: stare

text: decisis

text: If

text: however

text: the

text: court

text: finds

text: that

text: the

text: current

text: dispute

text: is

text: fundamentally

text: distinct

text: from

text: all

text: previous

text: cases

text: called

text: matter

text: of

text: first

text: impression

text: judges

text: have

text: the

text: authority

text: and

text: duty

text: to

text: resolve

text: the

text: issue

text: one

text: party

text: or

text: the

text: other

text: has

text: to

text: win

text: and

text: on

text: disagreements

text: of

text: law

text: judges

text: make

text: that

text: decision

text: Resolution

text: of

text: the

text: issue

text: in

text: one

text: case

text: becomes

text: precedent

text: that

text: binds

text: future

text: courts

text: Stare

text: decisis

text: the

text: principle

text: that

text: cases

text: should

text: be

text: decided

text: according

text: to

text: consistent

text: principled

text: rules

text: so

text: that

text: similar

text: facts

text: will

text: yield

text: similar

text: results

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: all

text: common

text: law

text: systems

text: In legal systems based on common law, a precedent, or authority, is a principle or rule established in a previous legal case that is either binding on or persuasive for a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar issues or facts . Common law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. The principle by which judges are bound to precedents is known as stare decisis. Black's Law Dictionary defines "precedent" as a "rule of law established for the first time by a court for a particular type of case and thereafter referred to in deciding similar cases." Common law precedent is a third kind of law, on equal footing with statutory law (statutes and codes enacted by legislative bodies), and Delegated legislation (in U.K. parlance) or regulatory law (in U.S. parlance) (regulations promulgated by executive branch agencies).

text: In

text: legal

text: systems

text: based

text: on

text: common

text: law

text: precedent

text: or

text: authority

text: is

text: principle

text: or

text: rule

text: established

text: in

text: previous

text: legal

text: case

text: that

text: is

text: either

text: binding

text: on

text: or

text: persuasive

text: for

text: court

text: or

text: other

text: tribunal

text: when

text: deciding

text: subsequent

text: cases

text: with

text: similar

text: issues

text: or

text: facts

text: Common

text: law

text: legal

text: systems

text: place

text: great

text: value

text: on

text: deciding

text: cases

text: according

text: to

text: consistent

text: principled

text: rules

text: so

text: that

text: similar

text: facts

text: will

text: yield

text: similar

text: and

text: predictable

text: outcomes

text: and

text: observance

text: of

text: precedent

text: is

text: the

text: mechanism

text: by

text: which

text: that

text: goal

text: is

text: attained

text: The

text: principle

text: by

text: which

text: judges

text: are

text: bound

text: to

text: precedents

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: stare

text: decisis

text: Black

text: 's

text: Law

text: Dictionary

text: defines

text: precedent

text: as

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: established

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: by

text: court

text: for

text: particular

text: type

text: of

text: case

text: and

text: thereafter

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: deciding

text: similar

text: cases

text: Common

text: law

text: precedent

text: is

text: third

text: kind

text: of

text: law

text: on

text: equal

text: footing

text: with

text: statutory

text: law

text: statutes

text: and

text: codes

text: enacted

text: by

text: legislative

text: bodies

text: and

text: Delegated

text: legislation

text: in

text: U.K.

text: parlance

text: or

text: regulatory

text: law

text: in

text: U.S.

text: parlance

text: regulations

text: promulgated

text: by

text: executive

text: branch

text: agencies

text: A sheriff is a government official, with varying duties, existing in some countries with historical ties to England, where the office originated. There is an analogous although independently developed office in Iceland that is commonly translated to English as "sheriff," and this is discussed below.

text: sheriff

text: is

text: government

text: official

text: with

text: varying

text: duties

text: existing

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: with

text: historical

text: ties

text: to

text: England

text: where

text: the

text: office

text: originated

text: There

text: is

text: an

text: analogous

text: although

text: independently

text: developed

text: office

text: in

text: Iceland

text: that

text: is

text: commonly

text: translated

text: to

text: English

text: as

text: sheriff

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: discussed

text: below

text: The Texas House of Representatives is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature. It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for a term of 2 years. As of the 2010 Census, each member represents an average of 167,637 people. There are no term limits, with the most senior member, Tom Craddick, having been elected in 1968.

text: The

text: Texas

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: is

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: of

text: the

text: bicameral

text: Texas

text: Legislature

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: members

text: who

text: are

text: elected

text: from

text: single

text: member

text: districts

text: for

text: term

text: of

text: years

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: each

text: member

text: represents

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: people

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: term

text: limits

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: member

text: Tom

text: Craddick

text: having

text: been

text: elected

text: in

text: A decree is a rule of law usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution). It has the force of law. The particular term used for this concept may vary from country to country. The "executive orders" made by the President of the United States, for example, are decrees (although a decree is not exactly an order). In non-legal English usage, however, the term refers to any authoritarian decision.

text: decree

text: is

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: usually

text: issued

text: by

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: republic

text: or

text: monarch

text: according

text: to

text: certain

text: procedures

text: usually

text: established

text: in

text: constitution

text: It

text: has

text: the

text: force

text: of

text: law

text: The

text: particular

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: this

text: concept

text: may

text: vary

text: from

text: country

text: to

text: country

text: The

text: executive

text: orders

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: for

text: example

text: are

text: decrees

text: although

text: decree

text: is

text: not

text: exactly

text: an

text: order

text: In

text: non

text: legal

text: English

text: usage

text: however

text: the

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: any

text: authoritarian

text: decision

text: Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the city in the U.S. and the in Texas. It is the fastest growing city in the United States and the second most populated capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U.S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2015 estimate, Austin has a population of 931,830. Located in in the foothills of Texas Hill Country, the city is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways including Lady Bird Lake, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, the Colorado River, Lake Travis, and Lake Walter E. Long. It is the cultural and economic center of the metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,064,149 as of June 1, 2016.

text: Austin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Texas

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Travis

text: County

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: the

text: in

text: Texas

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populated

text: capital

text: city

text: after

text: Phoenix

text: Arizona

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: 's

text: July

text: estimate

text: Austin

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: Located

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: foothills

text: of

text: Texas

text: Hill

text: Country

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: lakes

text: rivers

text: and

text: waterways

text: including

text: Lady

text: Bird

text: Lake

text: Barton

text: Springs

text: McKinney

text: Falls

text: the

text: Colorado

text: River

text: Lake

text: Travis

text: and

text: Lake

text: Walter

text: Long

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: economic

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: which

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: June

text: Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior. State-enforced laws can be made by a collective legislature or by a single legislator, resulting in statutes, by the executive through decrees and regulations, or established by judges through precedent, normally in common law jurisdictions. Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including arbitration agreements that may elect to accept alternative arbitration to the normal court process. The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution, written or tacit, and the rights encoded therein. The law shapes politics, economics, history and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people.

text: Law

text: is

text: system

text: of

text: rules

text: that

text: are

text: created

text: and

text: enforced

text: through

text: social

text: or

text: governmental

text: institutions

text: to

text: regulate

text: behavior

text: State

text: enforced

text: laws

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: by

text: collective

text: legislature

text: or

text: by

text: single

text: legislator

text: resulting

text: in

text: statutes

text: by

text: the

text: executive

text: through

text: decrees

text: and

text: regulations

text: or

text: established

text: by

text: judges

text: through

text: precedent

text: normally

text: in

text: common

text: law

text: jurisdictions

text: Private

text: individuals

text: can

text: create

text: legally

text: binding

text: contracts

text: including

text: arbitration

text: agreements

text: that

text: may

text: elect

text: to

text: accept

text: alternative

text: arbitration

text: to

text: the

text: normal

text: court

text: process

text: The

text: formation

text: of

text: laws

text: themselves

text: may

text: be

text: influenced

text: by

text: constitution

text: written

text: or

text: tacit

text: and

text: the

text: rights

text: encoded

text: therein

text: The

text: law

text: shapes

text: politics

text: economics

text: history

text: and

text: society

text: in

text: various

text: ways

text: and

text: serves

text: as

text: mediator

text: of

text: relations

text: between

text: people

text: Terrence McCauley `` Terry '' Keel ( born January 13 , 1958 ) , is a founding partner of the Keel & Nassour law firm in Austin , Texas , and he served as the Parliamentarian of the Texas House of Representatives from May 25 , 2007 until January 13 , 2009 . He was appointed by Speaker Tom Craddick of Midland . Keel himself was a Republican member from House District 47 ( Austin ) from January 14 , 1997 , until January 9 , 2007 . Prior to his House service , he was the sheriff of Travis County , having served from November 17 , 1992 , to January 1 , 1997 . In addition , Keel served as the Executive Director of the Texas Facilities Commission , a position he was appointed to effective December 31 , 2009 and ending January 9 , 2015 . Most recently , Keel was appointed Assistant Commissioner for Enforcement , Consumer Protection and Border Security for the Texas Department of Agriculture effective January 12 , 2015 .

text: Terrence

text: McCauley

text: Terry

text: Keel

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: founding

text: partner

text: of

text: the

text: Keel

text: Nassour

text: law

text: firm

text: in

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: and

text: he

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Parliamentarian

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: from

text: May

text: until

text: January

text: He

text: was

text: appointed

text: by

text: Speaker

text: Tom

text: Craddick

text: of

text: Midland

text: Keel

text: himself

text: was

text: Republican

text: member

text: from

text: House

text: District

text: Austin

text: from

text: January

text: until

text: January

text: Prior

text: to

text: his

text: House

text: service

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: sheriff

text: of

text: Travis

text: County

text: having

text: served

text: from

text: November

text: to

text: January

text: In

text: addition

text: Keel

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Executive

text: Director

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: Facilities

text: Commission

text: position

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: to

text: effective

text: December

text: and

text: ending

text: January

text: Most

text: recently

text: Keel

text: was

text: appointed

text: Assistant

text: Commissioner

text: for

text: Enforcement

text: Consumer

text: Protection

text: and

text: Border

text: Security

text: for

text: the

text: Texas

text: Department

text: of

text: Agriculture

text: effective

text: January

text: Lady Bird Lake (formerly Town Lake) is a reservoir on the Colorado River in Downtown Austin, Texas, in the United States. It was created in 1960 by the construction of Longhorn Dam and is owned and operated by the City of Austin in cooperation with the Lower Colorado River Authority. The surface area of the lake is , and it is used primarily for flood control and recreation. Located on the lake's shoreline are various hotels and apartments, as well as the Auditorium Shores park and the Austin Hike and Bike Trail. It is named, after former First and Second Lady of the United States Lady Bird Johnson, wife of President Lyndon B. Johnson.

text: Lady

text: Bird

text: Lake

text: formerly

text: Town

text: Lake

text: is

text: reservoir

text: on

text: the

text: Colorado

text: River

text: in

text: Downtown

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: Longhorn

text: Dam

text: and

text: is

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Austin

text: in

text: cooperation

text: with

text: the

text: Lower

text: Colorado

text: River

text: Authority

text: The

text: surface

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: is

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: primarily

text: for

text: flood

text: control

text: and

text: recreation

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: lake

text: 's

text: shoreline

text: are

text: various

text: hotels

text: and

text: apartments

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Auditorium

text: Shores

text: park

text: and

text: the

text: Austin

text: Hike

text: and

text: Bike

text: Trail

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: former

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Lady

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Lady

text: Bird

text: Johnson

text: wife

text: of

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: Johnson

text: The Legislature of the state of Texas is the state legislature of Texas. The legislature is a bicameral body composed of a 31-member Senate and a 150-member House of Representatives. The state legislature meets at the Capitol in Austin. It is a powerful arm of the Texas government not only because of its power of the purse to control and direct the activities of state government and the strong constitutional connections between it and the Lieutenant Governor of Texas, but also due to Texas's plural executive.

text: The

text: Legislature

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Texas

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: legislature

text: of

text: Texas

text: The

text: legislature

text: is

text: bicameral

text: body

text: composed

text: of

text: Senate

text: and

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: The

text: state

text: legislature

text: meets

text: at

text: the

text: Capitol

text: in

text: Austin

text: It

text: is

text: powerful

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: government

text: not

text: only

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: purse

text: to

text: control

text: and

text: direct

text: the

text: activities

text: of

text: state

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: strong

text: constitutional

text: connections

text: between

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: of

text: Texas

text: but

text: also

text: due

text: to

text: Texas

text: 's

text: plural

text: executive

text: Thomas Russell Craddick, Sr., known as Tom Craddick (born September 19, 1943), is member of the Texas House of Representatives representing the 82nd district. Craddick was Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives from January 2003 to January 2009. He was the first Republican to have served as Speaker since Reconstruction. Craddick resides in Midland, the largest city in his district. Craddick was first elected in 1968 at the age of twenty-five.

text: Thomas

text: Russell

text: Craddick

text: Sr

text: known

text: as

text: Tom

text: Craddick

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: representing

text: the

text: district

text: Craddick

text: was

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: Texas

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: from

text: January

text: to

text: January

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: Republican

text: to

text: have

text: served

text: as

text: Speaker

text: since

text: Reconstruction

text: Craddick

text: resides

text: in

text: Midland

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: his

text: district

text: Craddick

text: was

text: first

text: elected

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: twenty

text: five

candidates: member of the texas house of representatives

candidates: speaker of the texas house of representatives

annotations: likely single

annotations: follows single

question: position_held terry keel

answer: member of the texas house of representatives

text: member of the texas house of representatives


text: Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player. When a batter takes his/her turn to hit, the catcher crouches behind home plate, in front of the (home) umpire, and receives the ball from the pitcher. In addition to this primary duty, the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills in order to field the position well. The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket.

text: Catcher

text: is

text: position

text: for

text: baseball

text: or

text: softball

text: player

text: When

text: batter

text: takes

text: his

text: her

text: turn

text: to

text: hit

text: the

text: catcher

text: crouches

text: behind

text: home

text: plate

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: umpire

text: and

text: receives

text: the

text: ball

text: from

text: the

text: pitcher

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: this

text: primary

text: duty

text: the

text: catcher

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: upon

text: to

text: master

text: many

text: other

text: skills

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: field

text: the

text: position

text: well

text: The

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: catcher

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: wicket

text: keeper

text: in

text: cricket

text: The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports, dating back to 1883. The Phillies compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division. Since 2004, the team's home has been Citizens Bank Park, located in South Philadelphia.

text: The

text: Philadelphia

text: Phillies

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: baseball

text: franchise

text: based

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: oldest

text: continuous

text: one

text: name

text: one

text: city

text: franchise

text: in

text: all

text: of

text: professional

text: American

text: sports

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: The

text: Phillies

text: compete

text: in

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: as

text: member

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: East

text: division

text: Since

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: home

text: has

text: been

text: Citizens

text: Bank

text: Park

text: located

text: in

text: South

text: Philadelphia

text: The National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (NAPBBP), or simply the National Association (NA), was founded in 1871 and continued through the 1875 season. It succeeded and incorporated several professional clubs from the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP); in turn several of its clubs created the succeeding National League of Professional Baseball Clubs.

text: The

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Professional

text: Base

text: Ball

text: Players

text: NAPBBP

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: continued

text: through

text: the

text: season

text: It

text: succeeded

text: and

text: incorporated

text: several

text: professional

text: clubs

text: from

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Base

text: Ball

text: Players

text: NABBP

text: in

text: turn

text: several

text: of

text: its

text: clubs

text: created

text: the

text: succeeding

text: National

text: League

text: of

text: Professional

text: Baseball

text: Clubs

text: Lewis Robert Wilson (April 26, 1900  November 23, 1948) was an American Major League Baseball player who played 12 seasons for the New York Giants, Chicago Cubs, Brooklyn Dodgers and Philadelphia Phillies. Despite his diminutive stature, he was one of the most accomplished power hitters in the game during the late 1920s and early 1930s. His 1930 season with the Cubs is widely considered one of the most memorable individual single-season hitting performances in baseball history. Highlights included 56 home runs, the National League record for 68 years; and 191 runs batted in, a mark yet to be surpassed. "For a brief span of a few years", wrote a sportswriter of the day, "this hammered down little strongman actually rivaled the mighty [Babe] Ruth."

text: Lewis

text: Robert

text: Wilson

text: April

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: player

text: who

text: played

text: seasons

text: for

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Giants

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: Brooklyn

text: Dodgers

text: and

text: Philadelphia

text: Phillies

text: Despite

text: his

text: diminutive

text: stature

text: he

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: accomplished

text: power

text: hitters

text: in

text: the

text: game

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: His

text: season

text: with

text: the

text: Cubs

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: memorable

text: individual

text: single

text: season

text: hitting

text: performances

text: in

text: baseball

text: history

text: Highlights

text: included

text: home

text: runs

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: record

text: for

text: years

text: and

text: runs

text: batted

text: in

text: mark

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: surpassed

text: For

text: brief

text: span

text: of

text: few

text: years

text: wrote

text: sportswriter

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: this

text: hammered

text: down

text: little

text: strongman

text: actually

text: rivaled

text: the

text: mighty

text: Babe

text: Ruth

text: Batting average is a statistic in cricket, baseball, and softball that measures the performance of batsmen in cricket and batters in baseball. The development of the baseball statistic was influenced by the cricket statistic.

text: Batting

text: average

text: is

text: statistic

text: in

text: cricket

text: baseball

text: and

text: softball

text: that

text: measures

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: batsmen

text: in

text: cricket

text: and

text: batters

text: in

text: baseball

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: baseball

text: statistic

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: cricket

text: statistic

text: Wrigley Field is a baseball park located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois. It is the home of the Chicago Cubs, one of the city's two Major League Baseball (MLB) franchises. It first opened in 1914 as Weeghman Park for Charles Weeghman's Chicago Whales of the Federal League, which folded after the 1915 baseball season. The Cubs played their first home game at the park in on April 20, 1916, defeating the Cincinnati Reds with a score of 76 in 11 innings. Chewing gum magnate William Wrigley Jr. of the Wrigley Company acquired complete control of the Cubs in 1921. It was named Cubs Park from 1920 to 1926, before being renamed Wrigley Field in 1927.

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: is

text: baseball

text: park

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Side

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: two

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: franchises

text: It

text: first

text: opened

text: in

text: as

text: Weeghman

text: Park

text: for

text: Charles

text: Weeghman

text: 's

text: Chicago

text: Whales

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: League

text: which

text: folded

text: after

text: the

text: baseball

text: season

text: The

text: Cubs

text: played

text: their

text: first

text: home

text: game

text: at

text: the

text: park

text: in

text: on

text: April

text: defeating

text: the

text: Cincinnati

text: Reds

text: with

text: score

text: of

text: in

text: innings

text: Chewing

text: gum

text: magnate

text: William

text: Wrigley

text: Jr.

text: of

text: the

text: Wrigley

text: Company

text: acquired

text: complete

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Cubs

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: named

text: Cubs

text: Park

text: from

text: to

text: before

text: being

text: renamed

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: in

text: The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a minor league based in the Great Lakes states, which eventually aspired to major league status. It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season, 25 years after the formation of the National League (the "Senior Circuit").

text: The

text: American

text: League

text: of

text: Professional

text: Baseball

text: Clubs

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: AL

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: leagues

text: that

text: make

text: up

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: It

text: developed

text: from

text: the

text: Western

text: League

text: minor

text: league

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: states

text: which

text: eventually

text: aspired

text: to

text: major

text: league

text: status

text: It

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Junior

text: Circuit

text: because

text: it

text: claimed

text: Major

text: League

text: status

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: the

text: Senior

text: Circuit

text: The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the National League (NL), is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, and the world's oldest current professional team sports league. Founded on February 2, 1876, to replace the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, it is sometimes called the Senior Circuit, in contrast to MLB's other league, the American League, which was founded 25 years later. Both leagues currently have 15 teams. The two league champions of 1903 arranged to compete against each other in the inaugural World Series. After the 1904 champions failed to reach a similar agreement, the two leagues formalized the World Series as an arrangement between the leagues. National League teams have won 48 of the 112 World Series contested from 1903 to 2016. The 2016 National League champions are the Chicago Cubs.

text: The

text: National

text: League

text: of

text: Professional

text: Baseball

text: Clubs

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: is

text: the

text: older

text: of

text: two

text: leagues

text: constituting

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: current

text: professional

text: team

text: sports

text: league

text: Founded

text: on

text: February

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Professional

text: Base

text: Ball

text: Players

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Senior

text: Circuit

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: MLB

text: 's

text: other

text: league

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: years

text: later

text: Both

text: leagues

text: currently

text: have

text: teams

text: The

text: two

text: league

text: champions

text: of

text: arranged

text: to

text: compete

text: against

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: the

text: inaugural

text: World

text: Series

text: After

text: the

text: champions

text: failed

text: to

text: reach

text: similar

text: agreement

text: the

text: two

text: leagues

text: formalized

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: as

text: an

text: arrangement

text: between

text: the

text: leagues

text: National

text: League

text: teams

text: have

text: won

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: contested

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: National

text: League

text: champions

text: are

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: Baseball is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of nine players each, who take turns batting and fielding.

text: Baseball

text: is

text: bat

text: and

text: ball

text: game

text: played

text: between

text: two

text: teams

text: of

text: nine

text: players

text: each

text: who

text: take

text: turns

text: batting

text: and

text: fielding

text: The Chicago Whales were a professional baseball team based in Chicago. They played in the Federal League, a short-lived "third Major League", in 1914 and 1915. They originally lacked a formal nickname, and were known simply as the "Chicago Federals" (or "Chi-Feds") to distinguish them from the Chicago Cubs and Chicago White Sox.

text: The

text: Chicago

text: Whales

text: were

text: professional

text: baseball

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Chicago

text: They

text: played

text: in

text: the

text: Federal

text: League

text: short

text: lived

text: third

text: Major

text: League

text: in

text: and

text: They

text: originally

text: lacked

text: formal

text: nickname

text: and

text: were

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Federals

text: or

text: Chi

text: Feds

text: to

text: distinguish

text: them

text: from

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: and

text: Chicago

text: White

text: Sox

text: Charles Leo "Gabby" Hartnett (December 20, 1900  December 20, 1972) was an American professional baseball player and manager. He played almost his entire career in Major League Baseball as a catcher for the Chicago Cubs from 1922 to 1940. He spent the final season of his career as a player-coach for the New York Giants in 1941. After his playing career, he continued his involvement in baseball as a coach and as a minor league manager.

text: Charles

text: Leo

text: Gabby

text: Hartnett

text: December

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: baseball

text: player

text: and

text: manager

text: He

text: played

text: almost

text: his

text: entire

text: career

text: in

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: as

text: catcher

text: for

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: spent

text: the

text: final

text: season

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: as

text: player

text: coach

text: for

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Giants

text: in

text: After

text: his

text: playing

text: career

text: he

text: continued

text: his

text: involvement

text: in

text: baseball

text: as

text: coach

text: and

text: as

text: minor

text: league

text: manager

text: The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team. The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff, and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner's Trophy. As the series is played in October (and occasionally November), during the autumn season in North America, it is often referred to as the Fall Classic.

text: The

text: World

text: Series

text: is

text: the

text: annual

text: championship

text: series

text: of

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: contested

text: since

text: between

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: AL

text: champion

text: team

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: champion

text: team

text: The

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: championship

text: is

text: determined

text: through

text: best

text: of

text: seven

text: playoff

text: and

text: the

text: winning

text: team

text: is

text: awarded

text: the

text: Commissioner

text: 's

text: Trophy

text: As

text: the

text: series

text: is

text: played

text: in

text: October

text: and

text: occasionally

text: November

text: during

text: the

text: autumn

text: season

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Fall

text: Classic

text: The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois. The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) Central division, where they are the defending World Series champions. The team plays its home games at Wrigley Field, located on the city's North Side. The Cubs are one of two major league teams in Chicago; the other, the Chicago White Sox, is a member of the American League (AL) Central division. The team, first known as the White Stockings, was a founding member of the NL in 1876, becoming the Chicago Cubs in 1903.

text: The

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: baseball

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: The

text: Cubs

text: compete

text: in

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: as

text: member

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: Central

text: division

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: the

text: defending

text: World

text: Series

text: champions

text: The

text: team

text: plays

text: its

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: North

text: Side

text: The

text: Cubs

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: major

text: league

text: teams

text: in

text: Chicago

text: the

text: other

text: the

text: Chicago

text: White

text: Sox

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: AL

text: Central

text: division

text: The

text: team

text: first

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: White

text: Stockings

text: was

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: NL

text: in

text: becoming

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: in

text: The Federal League of Base Ball Clubs, known simply as the Federal League, was an American professional baseball league that played its first season in 1913 and operated as a "third major league", in competition with the established National and American Leagues, from 1914 to 1915.

text: The

text: Federal

text: League

text: of

text: Base

text: Ball

text: Clubs

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: Federal

text: League

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: baseball

text: league

text: that

text: played

text: its

text: first

text: season

text: in

text: and

text: operated

text: as

text: third

text: major

text: league

text: in

text: competition

text: with

text: the

text: established

text: National

text: and

text: American

text: Leagues

text: from

text: to

text: The Chicago White Sox is an American professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois. The White Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) Central division. The White Sox play their home games at Guaranteed Rate Field, located on the city's South Side. They are one of two major league clubs in Chicago; the other is the Chicago Cubs, who are a member of the National League (NL) Central division. The team is currently owned by Jerry Reinsdorf.

text: The

text: Chicago

text: White

text: Sox

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: baseball

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: The

text: White

text: Sox

text: compete

text: in

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: as

text: member

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: AL

text: Central

text: division

text: The

text: White

text: Sox

text: play

text: their

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: Guaranteed

text: Rate

text: Field

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: South

text: Side

text: They

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: major

text: league

text: clubs

text: in

text: Chicago

text: the

text: other

text: is

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: who

text: are

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: Central

text: division

text: The

text: team

text: is

text: currently

text: owned

text: by

text: Jerry

text: Reinsdorf

text: The 1930 Chicago Cubs season was the 58th season of the Chicago Cubs franchise , the 55th in the National League and the 15th at Wrigley Field . The Cubs finished second in the National League with a record of 90 -- 64 . In the peak year of the lively ball era , the Cubs scored 998 runs , third most in the majors . Future Hall of Famers Kiki Cuyler , Gabby Hartnett , and Hack Wilson led the offense .

text: The

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: season

text: was

text: the

text: season

text: of

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: franchise

text: the

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: at

text: Wrigley

text: Field

text: The

text: Cubs

text: finished

text: second

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: with

text: record

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: peak

text: year

text: of

text: the

text: lively

text: ball

text: era

text: the

text: Cubs

text: scored

text: runs

text: third

text: most

text: in

text: the

text: majors

text: Future

text: Hall

text: of

text: Famers

text: Kiki

text: Cuyler

text: Gabby

text: Hartnett

text: and

text: Hack

text: Wilson

text: led

text: the

text: offense

text: Charles H. ("Lucky Charlie") Weeghman (March 12, 1874  November 1, 1938) was one of the founders of the short-lived major league baseball organization called the Federal League (19141915). He had made a fortune in an early type of fast-food franchises in the Chicago area.

text: Charles

text: Lucky

text: Charlie

text: Weeghman

text: March

text: November

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: major

text: league

text: baseball

text: organization

text: called

text: the

text: Federal

text: League

text: He

text: had

text: made

text: fortune

text: in

text: an

text: early

text: type

text: of

text: fast

text: food

text: franchises

text: in

text: the

text: Chicago

text: area

text:
In baseball, a home run (abbreviated HR, also "homer", "dinger", "dong", "bomb", "blast", "goner" , "shot", or "four-bagger") is scored when the ball is hit in such a way that the batter is able to circle the bases and reach home
safely in one play without any errors being committed by the defensive team in the process. In modern baseball, the feat is typically achieved by hitting the ball over the outfield fence between the foul poles (or making contact with either foul pole) without first touching the ground, resulting in an automatic home run. There is also the "inside-the-park" home run, increasingly rare in modern baseball, where the batter reaches home safely while the baseball is in play on the field. When a home run is scored, the batter is also credited with a hit and a run scored, and an RBI for each runner that scores, including himself. Likewise, the pitcher is recorded as having given up a hit, and a run for each runner that scores including the batter.

text: In

text: baseball

text: home

text: run

text: abbreviated

text: HR

text: also

text: homer

text: dinger

text: dong

text: bomb

text: blast

text: goner

text: shot

text: or

text: four

text: bagger

text: is

text: scored

text: when

text: the

text: ball

text: is

text: hit

text: in

text: such

text: way

text: that

text: the

text: batter

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: circle

text: the

text: bases

text: and

text: reach

text: home

text: safely

text: in

text: one

text: play

text: without

text: any

text: errors

text: being

text: committed

text: by

text: the

text: defensive

text: team

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: In

text: modern

text: baseball

text: the

text: feat

text: is

text: typically

text: achieved

text: by

text: hitting

text: the

text: ball

text: over

text: the

text: outfield

text: fence

text: between

text: the

text: foul

text: poles

text: or

text: making

text: contact

text: with

text: either

text: foul

text: pole

text: without

text: first

text: touching

text: the

text: ground

text: resulting

text: in

text: an

text: automatic

text: home

text: run

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: inside

text: the

text: park

text: home

text: run

text: increasingly

text: rare

text: in

text: modern

text: baseball

text: where

text: the

text: batter

text: reaches

text: home

text: safely

text: while

text: the

text: baseball

text: is

text: in

text: play

text: on

text: the

text: field

text: When

text: home

text: run

text: is

text: scored

text: the

text: batter

text: is

text: also

text: credited

text: with

text: hit

text: and

text: run

text: scored

text: and

text: an

text: RBI

text: for

text: each

text: runner

text: that

text: scores

text: including

text: himself

text: Likewise

text: the

text: pitcher

text: is

text: recorded

text: as

text: having

text: given

text: up

text: hit

text: and

text: run

text: for

text: each

text: runner

text: that

text: scores

text: including

text: the

text: batter

text: Hazen Shirley "Kiki" Cuyler (August 30, 1898  February 11, 1950) was a Major League Baseball right fielder from 1921 until 1938 who later was inducted in the Baseball Hall of Fame. Cuyler established a reputation as an outstanding hitter with great speed. He regularly batted .350 or higher and finished with a .321 lifetime batting average. In 1925 Cuyler hit 18 home runs and 102 RBI. Cuyler's Pirates won the World Series that year, the only time in his career that he contributed to a World Series winner.

text: Hazen

text: Shirley

text: Kiki

text: Cuyler

text: August

text: February

text: was

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: right

text: fielder

text: from

text: until

text: who

text: later

text: was

text: inducted

text: in

text: the

text: Baseball

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: Cuyler

text: established

text: reputation

text: as

text: an

text: outstanding

text: hitter

text: with

text: great

text: speed

text: He

text: regularly

text: batted

text: or

text: higher

text: and

text: finished

text: with

text: lifetime

text: batting

text: average

text: In

text: Cuyler

text: hit

text: home

text: runs

text: and

text: RBI

text: Cuyler

text: 's

text: Pirates

text: won

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: that

text: year

text: the

text: only

text: time

text: in

text: his

text: career

text: that

text: he

text: contributed

text: to

text: World

text: Series

text: winner

text: A baseball park, also known as a ballpark or diamond, is a venue where baseball is played. A baseball park consists of the playing field and the surrounding spectator seating. While the diamond and the areas denoted by white painted lines adhere to strict rules, guidelines for the rest of the field are flexible.

text: baseball

text: park

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: ballpark

text: or

text: diamond

text: is

text: venue

text: where

text: baseball

text: is

text: played

text: baseball

text: park

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: playing

text: field

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: spectator

text: seating

text: While

text: the

text: diamond

text: and

text: the

text: areas

text: denoted

text: by

text: white

text: painted

text: lines

text: adhere

text: to

text: strict

text: rules

text: guidelines

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: field

text: are

text: flexible

text: At the end of each Major League Baseball season, the league leaders of various statistical categories are announced. Leading the league in a particular category is referred to as a "title".

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: each

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: season

text: the

text: league

text: leaders

text: of

text: various

text: statistical

text: categories

text: are

text: announced

text: Leading

text: the

text: league

text: in

text: particular

text: category

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: title

text: Professional baseball is played in leagues throughout the world. In these leagues, and associated farm teams, baseball players are selected for their talents and are paid to play for a specific team or club system.

text: Professional

text: baseball

text: is

text: played

text: in

text: leagues

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: these

text: leagues

text: and

text: associated

text: farm

text: teams

text: baseball

text: players

text: are

text: selected

text: for

text: their

text: talents

text: and

text: are

text: paid

text: to

text: play

text: for

text: specific

text: team

text: or

text: club

text: system

question: sport 1930 chicago cubs season

answer: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball

text: baseball