text: Wallace and Gromit 's Cracking Contraptions is a series of ten Wallace and Gromit stop motion animations varying in length from 1 to 3 minutes . Each episode features one of Wallace 's new inventions and Gromit 's skeptical reaction to it . The series was produced and released in 2002 by Aardman Animations .

text: Wallace

text: and

text: Gromit

text: 's

text: Cracking

text: Contraptions

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: ten

text: Wallace

text: and

text: Gromit

text: stop

text: motion

text: animations

text: varying

text: in

text: length

text: from

text: to

text: minutes

text: Each

text: episode

text: features

text: one

text: of

text: Wallace

text: 's

text: new

text: inventions

text: and

text: Gromit

text: 's

text: skeptical

text: reaction

text: to

text: it

text: The

text: series

text: was

text: produced

text: and

text: released

text: in

text: by

text: Aardman

text: Animations

text: Flushed Away is a 2006 British-American computer-animated action-adventure comedy film directed by David Bowers and Sam Fell, produced by Cecil Kramer, David Sproxton, and Peter Lord, and written by Dick Clement, Ian La Frenais, Chris Lloyd, Joe Keenan and William Davies. It was co-produced by Aardman Animations and DreamWorks Animation, and is Aardman's first completely computer-animated feature as opposed to the usual stop-motion. The film stars the voice talents of Hugh Jackman, Kate Winslet, Andy Serkis, Bill Nighy, Ian McKellen, Shane Richie and Jean Reno.

text: Flushed

text: Away

text: is

text: British

text: American

text: computer

text: animated

text: action

text: adventure

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: David

text: Bowers

text: and

text: Sam

text: Fell

text: produced

text: by

text: Cecil

text: Kramer

text: David

text: Sproxton

text: and

text: Peter

text: Lord

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Dick

text: Clement

text: Ian

text: La

text: Frenais

text: Chris

text: Lloyd

text: Joe

text: Keenan

text: and

text: William

text: Davies

text: It

text: was

text: co

text: produced

text: by

text: Aardman

text: Animations

text: and

text: DreamWorks

text: Animation

text: and

text: is

text: Aardman

text: 's

text: first

text: completely

text: computer

text: animated

text: feature

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: usual

text: stop

text: motion

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: the

text: voice

text: talents

text: of

text: Hugh

text: Jackman

text: Kate

text: Winslet

text: Andy

text: Serkis

text: Bill

text: Nighy

text: Ian

text: McKellen

text: Shane

text: Richie

text: and

text: Jean

text: Reno

text: Peter Sallis, OBE (born 1 February 1921) is an English actor, well known for his work on British television. He gained worldwide fame as the voice of Wallace in the Academy Award-honored "Wallace and Gromit" films.

text: Peter

text: Sallis

text: OBE

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: actor

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: on

text: British

text: television

text: He

text: gained

text: worldwide

text: fame

text: as

text: the

text: voice

text: of

text: Wallace

text: in

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: honored

text: Wallace

text: and

text: Gromit

text: films

text: Aardman Animations, Ltd., also known as Aardman Studios, or simply as Aardman, is a British animation studio based in Bristol. Aardman is known for films made using stop-motion clay animation techniques, particularly those featuring Plasticine characters Wallace and Gromit. After some experimental computer animated short films during the late 1990s, beginning with "Owzat" (1997), it entered the computer animation market with "Flushed Away" (2006). Aardman films have made $973.2 million worldwide and average $163 million per film. All of their stop motion films are among the highest-grossing stop-motion films, with their debut, "Chicken Run", being their top-grossing film as well as the highest-grossing stop-motion film of all time.

text: Aardman

text: Animations

text: Ltd.

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Aardman

text: Studios

text: or

text: simply

text: as

text: Aardman

text: is

text: British

text: animation

text: studio

text: based

text: in

text: Bristol

text: Aardman

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: films

text: made

text: using

text: stop

text: motion

text: clay

text: animation

text: techniques

text: particularly

text: those

text: featuring

text: Plasticine

text: characters

text: Wallace

text: and

text: Gromit

text: After

text: some

text: experimental

text: computer

text: animated

text: short

text: films

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: beginning

text: with

text: Owzat

text: it

text: entered

text: the

text: computer

text: animation

text: market

text: with

text: Flushed

text: Away

text: Aardman

text: films

text: have

text: made

text: million

text: worldwide

text: and

text: average

text: million

text: per

text: film

text: All

text: of

text: their

text: stop

text: motion

text: films

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: highest

text: grossing

text: stop

text: motion

text: films

text: with

text: their

text: debut

text: Chicken

text: Run

text: being

text: their

text: top

text: grossing

text: film

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: highest

text: grossing

text: stop

text: motion

text: film

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Plasticine, a brand of modelling clay, is a putty-like modelling material made from calcium salts, petroleum jelly and aliphatic acids. The name is a registered trademark of Flair Leisure Products plc. Plasticine is used extensively for children's play, but also as a modelling medium for more formal or permanent structures. Because of its non-drying property, it is a popular choice of material for stop-motion animation (including several Oscar-winning films by Nick Park). The brand-name clay is mentioned in music, such as the "plasticine porters" in "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" and the song "Plasticine" by Placebo.

text: Plasticine

text: brand

text: of

text: modelling

text: clay

text: is

text: putty

text: like

text: modelling

text: material

text: made

text: from

text: calcium

text: salts

text: petroleum

text: jelly

text: and

text: aliphatic

text: acids

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: registered

text: trademark

text: of

text: Flair

text: Leisure

text: Products

text: plc

text: Plasticine

text: is

text: used

text: extensively

text: for

text: children

text: 's

text: play

text: but

text: also

text: as

text: modelling

text: medium

text: for

text: more

text: formal

text: or

text: permanent

text: structures

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: non

text: drying

text: property

text: it

text: is

text: popular

text: choice

text: of

text: material

text: for

text: stop

text: motion

text: animation

text: including

text: several

text: Oscar

text: winning

text: films

text: by

text: Nick

text: Park

text: The

text: brand

text: name

text: clay

text: is

text: mentioned

text: in

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: plasticine

text: porters

text: in

text: Lucy

text: in

text: the

text: Sky

text: with

text: Diamonds

text: and

text: the

text: song

text: Plasticine

text: by

text: Placebo

text: Stop motion (hyphenated stop-motion when used as an adjective) is an animation technique that physically manipulates an object so that it appears to move on its own. The object is moved in small increments between individually photographed frames, creating the illusion of movement when the series of frames is played as a fast sequence. Dolls with movable joints or clay figures are often used in stop motion for their ease of repositioning. Stop motion animation using plasticine is called clay animation or "clay-mation". Not all stop motion requires figures or models; many stop motion films can involve using humans, household appliances and other things for comedic effect. Stop motion using objects is sometimes referred to as object animation.

text: Stop

text: motion

text: hyphenated

text: stop

text: motion

text: when

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: adjective

text: is

text: an

text: animation

text: technique

text: that

text: physically

text: manipulates

text: an

text: object

text: so

text: that

text: it

text: appears

text: to

text: move

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: The

text: object

text: is

text: moved

text: in

text: small

text: increments

text: between

text: individually

text: photographed

text: frames

text: creating

text: the

text: illusion

text: of

text: movement

text: when

text: the

text: series

text: of

text: frames

text: is

text: played

text: as

text: fast

text: sequence

text: Dolls

text: with

text: movable

text: joints

text: or

text: clay

text: figures

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: stop

text: motion

text: for

text: their

text: ease

text: of

text: repositioning

text: Stop

text: motion

text: animation

text: using

text: plasticine

text: is

text: called

text: clay

text: animation

text: or

text: clay

text: mation

text: Not

text: all

text: stop

text: motion

text: requires

text: figures

text: or

text: models

text: many

text: stop

text: motion

text: films

text: can

text: involve

text: using

text: humans

text: household

text: appliances

text: and

text: other

text: things

text: for

text: comedic

text: effect

text: Stop

text: motion

text: using

text: objects

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: object

text: animation

text: Chicken Run is a 2000 stop-motion comedy-drama film produced by the British studio Aardman Animations. As the studio's first feature-length film, it was directed by Peter Lord and Nick Park. It was co-financed by DreamWorks Pictures and Pathé, with the former distributing the film worldwide except for Europe, where it was handled by Pathé. The plot centres on a band of chickens who see a smooth-talking Rhode Island Red named Rocky as their only hope to escape from certain death when the owners of their farm decide to move from selling eggs to selling chicken pot pies. The film features the voices of Julia Sawalha, Mel Gibson, Timothy Spall, Phil Daniels, Tony Haygarth, and Miranda Richardson. "Chicken Run" received positive reviews from critics, and grossed over $224 million, becoming the highest-grossing stop motion animated film ever.

text: Chicken

text: Run

text: is

text: stop

text: motion

text: comedy

text: drama

text: film

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: studio

text: Aardman

text: Animations

text: As

text: the

text: studio

text: 's

text: first

text: feature

text: length

text: film

text: it

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Peter

text: Lord

text: and

text: Nick

text: Park

text: It

text: was

text: co

text: financed

text: by

text: DreamWorks

text: Pictures

text: and

text: Pathé

text: with

text: the

text: former

text: distributing

text: the

text: film

text: worldwide

text: except

text: for

text: Europe

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: handled

text: by

text: Pathé

text: The

text: plot

text: centres

text: on

text: band

text: of

text: chickens

text: who

text: see

text: smooth

text: talking

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: Red

text: named

text: Rocky

text: as

text: their

text: only

text: hope

text: to

text: escape

text: from

text: certain

text: death

text: when

text: the

text: owners

text: of

text: their

text: farm

text: decide

text: to

text: move

text: from

text: selling

text: eggs

text: to

text: selling

text: chicken

text: pot

text: pies

text: The

text: film

text: features

text: the

text: voices

text: of

text: Julia

text: Sawalha

text: Mel

text: Gibson

text: Timothy

text: Spall

text: Phil

text: Daniels

text: Tony

text: Haygarth

text: and

text: Miranda

text: Richardson

text: Chicken

text: Run

text: received

text: positive

text: reviews

text: from

text: critics

text: and

text: grossed

text: over

text: million

text: becoming

text: the

text: highest

text: grossing

text: stop

text: motion

text: animated

text: film

text: ever

text: Wallace and Gromit is a British clay animation comedy series created by Nick Park of Aardman Animations. The series consists of four short films and a feature-length film. The series centres on Wallace, a good-natured, eccentric, cheese-loving inventor, along with his companion Gromit, a silent yet loyal and intelligent anthropomorphic dog. Wallace was originally voiced by veteran actor Peter Sallis, but as of 2011, this role has been passed on to Ben Whitehead. Gromit remains silent, communicating only through means of facial expressions and body language.

text: Wallace

text: and

text: Gromit

text: is

text: British

text: clay

text: animation

text: comedy

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: Nick

text: Park

text: of

text: Aardman

text: Animations

text: The

text: series

text: consists

text: of

text: four

text: short

text: films

text: and

text: feature

text: length

text: film

text: The

text: series

text: centres

text: on

text: Wallace

text: good

text: natured

text: eccentric

text: cheese

text: loving

text: inventor

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: companion

text: Gromit

text: silent

text: yet

text: loyal

text: and

text: intelligent

text: anthropomorphic

text: dog

text: Wallace

text: was

text: originally

text: voiced

text: by

text: veteran

text: actor

text: Peter

text: Sallis

text: but

text: as

text: of

text: this

text: role

text: has

text: been

text: passed

text: on

text: to

text: Ben

text: Whitehead

text: Gromit

text: remains

text: silent

text: communicating

text: only

text: through

text: means

text: of

text: facial

text: expressions

text: and

text: body

text: language

text: Nicholas Wulstan "Nick" Park, CBE (born 6 December 1958) is an English director, writer, and animator best known as the creator of "Wallace and Gromit" and "Shaun the Sheep". Park has been nominated for an Academy Award a total of six times, and won four with "Creature Comforts" (1989), "The Wrong Trousers" (1993), "A Close Shave" (1995), and "" (2005). He has also received five BAFTA Awards, including the BAFTA for Best Short Animation for "A Matter of Loaf and Death", which was also the most watched television programme in the UK in 2008. His 2000 film "Chicken Run" is the highest-grossing stop motion animated film.

text: Nicholas

text: Wulstan

text: Nick

text: Park

text: CBE

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: director

text: writer

text: and

text: animator

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: Wallace

text: and

text: Gromit

text: and

text: Shaun

text: the

text: Sheep

text: Park

text: has

text: been

text: nominated

text: for

text: an

text: Academy

text: Award

text: total

text: of

text: six

text: times

text: and

text: won

text: four

text: with

text: Creature

text: Comforts

text: The

text: Wrong

text: Trousers

text: Close

text: Shave

text: and

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: received

text: five

text: BAFTA

text: Awards

text: including

text: the

text: BAFTA

text: for

text: Best

text: Short

text: Animation

text: for

text: Matter

text: of

text: Loaf

text: and

text: Death

text: which

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: watched

text: television

text: programme

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: in

text: His

text: film

text: Chicken

text: Run

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: grossing

text: stop

text: motion

text: animated

text: film

annotations: follows single

question: cast_member wallace and gromit's cracking contraptions

answer: peter sallis

text: peter sallis

text: peter sallis


text: Joseph Rudyard Kipling (, ; 30 December 1865  18 January 1936) was an English journalist, short-story writer, poet, and novelist.

text: Joseph

text: Rudyard

text: Kipling

text: December

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: journalist

text: short

text: story

text: writer

text: poet

text: and

text: novelist

text: The Sabarna Ray Chaudhury family were the Zamindar (superior landlords) of the Kolkata (earlier known as Calcutta) area, prior to the arrival of the British. On 10 November 1698, they transferred, by lease, their rights over the three villages  Sutanuti, Kalikata and Gobindapur - to the East India Company.

text: The

text: Sabarna

text: Ray

text: Chaudhury

text: family

text: were

text: the

text: Zamindar

text: superior

text: landlords

text: of

text: the

text: Kolkata

text: earlier

text: known

text: as

text: Calcutta

text: area

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: On

text: November

text: they

text: transferred

text: by

text: lease

text: their

text: rights

text: over

text: the

text: three

text: villages

text: Sutanuti

text: Kalikata

text: and

text: Gobindapur

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: The Hungry Generation was a literary movement in the Bengali language launched by what is known today as the Hungryalist quartet, "i.e." Shakti Chattopadhyay, Malay Roy Choudhury, Samir Roychoudhury and Debi Roy ("alias" Haradhon Dhara), during the 1960s in Kolkata, India. Due to their involvement in this avant garde cultural movement, the leaders lost their jobs and were jailed by the incumbent government. They challenged contemporary ideas about literature and contributed significantly to the evolution of the language and idiom used by contemporaneous artists to express their feelings in literature and painting.

text: The

text: Hungry

text: Generation

text: was

text: literary

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: Bengali

text: language

text: launched

text: by

text: what

text: is

text: known

text: today

text: as

text: the

text: Hungryalist

text: quartet

text: i.e.

text: Shakti

text: Chattopadhyay

text: Malay

text: Roy

text: Choudhury

text: Samir

text: Roychoudhury

text: and

text: Debi

text: Roy

text: alias

text: Haradhon

text: Dhara

text: during

text: the

text: in

text: Kolkata

text: India

text: Due

text: to

text: their

text: involvement

text: in

text: this

text: avant

text: garde

text: cultural

text: movement

text: the

text: leaders

text: lost

text: their

text: jobs

text: and

text: were

text: jailed

text: by

text: the

text: incumbent

text: government

text: They

text: challenged

text: contemporary

text: ideas

text: about

text: literature

text: and

text: contributed

text: significantly

text: to

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: language

text: and

text: idiom

text: used

text: by

text: contemporaneous

text: artists

text: to

text: express

text: their

text: feelings

text: in

text: literature

text: and

text: painting

text: Subimal Basak , (   ) is an Indian fiction writer . He is a member of the Hungry generation , with Samir Roychoudhury , Falguni Roy , Shakti Chattopadhyay and the movement 's creator Malay Roy Choudhury . The Hungry Generation archive , and Weissner Archive with Subimal Basak Papers are held at Northwestern University ; the Howard McCord archive is held at Washington State University .

text: Subimal

text: Basak

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: fiction

text: writer

text: He

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Hungry

text: generation

text: with

text: Samir

text: Roychoudhury

text: Falguni

text: Roy

text: Shakti

text: Chattopadhyay

text: and

text: the

text: movement

text: 's

text: creator

text: Malay

text: Roy

text: Choudhury

text: The

text: Hungry

text: Generation

text: archive

text: and

text: Weissner

text: Archive

text: with

text: Subimal

text: Basak

text: Papers

text: are

text: held

text: at

text: Northwestern

text: University

text: the

text: Howard

text: McCord

text: archive

text: is

text: held

text: at

text: Washington

text: State

text: University

text: Samir Roychowdhury (Bengali:  ) (1 November 1933  22 June 2016), one of the founding fathers of the Hungry Generation 19611965 (also known as Hungryalism or Hungrealism), was born at Panihati, West Bengal, India in a family of artists, sculptors, photographers, and musicians. His grandfather Lakshminarayan, doyen of the Sabarna Roy Choudhury clan of Uttarpara, had learned drawing and bromide-paper photography from John Lockwood Kipling, father of Rudyard Kipling, who was Curator at the Lahore Museum (now in Pakistan), and thereafter established the first mobile photography-cum-painting company in India in the mid-1880s. The company was later taken over by Samir's father Ranjit (19091991). Samir's mother Amita (19161982) was from a progressive family of 19th century renaissance.

text: Samir

text: Roychowdhury

text: Bengali

text: November

text: June

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founding

text: fathers

text: of

text: the

text: Hungry

text: Generation

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Hungryalism

text: or

text: Hungrealism

text: was

text: born

text: at

text: Panihati

text: West

text: Bengal

text: India

text: in

text: family

text: of

text: artists

text: sculptors

text: photographers

text: and

text: musicians

text: His

text: grandfather

text: Lakshminarayan

text: doyen

text: of

text: the

text: Sabarna

text: Roy

text: Choudhury

text: clan

text: of

text: Uttarpara

text: had

text: learned

text: drawing

text: and

text: bromide

text: paper

text: photography

text: from

text: John

text: Lockwood

text: Kipling

text: father

text: of

text: Rudyard

text: Kipling

text: who

text: was

text: Curator

text: at

text: the

text: Lahore

text: Museum

text: now

text: in

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: thereafter

text: established

text: the

text: first

text: mobile

text: photography

text: cum

text: painting

text: company

text: in

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: company

text: was

text: later

text: taken

text: over

text: by

text: Samir

text: 's

text: father

text: Ranjit

text: Samir

text: 's

text: mother

text: Amita

text: was

text: from

text: progressive

text: family

text: of

text: century

text: renaissance

text: Kolkata (, also known as Calcutta , the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal. Located on the east bank of the Hooghly River, it is the principal commercial, cultural, and educational centre of East India, while the Port of Kolkata is India's oldest operating port and its sole major riverine port. In 2011, the city had population of 4.5 million, while the population of the city and its suburbs was 14.1 million, making it the third-most populous metropolitan area in India. In 2008 its gross domestic product (adjusted for purchasing power parity) was estimated to be 104 billion, which was the third highest among Indian cities, behind Mumbai and Delhi.

text: Kolkata

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Calcutta

text: the

text: official

text: name

text: until

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: West

text: Bengal

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Hooghly

text: River

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: commercial

text: cultural

text: and

text: educational

text: centre

text: of

text: East

text: India

text: while

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Kolkata

text: is

text: India

text: 's

text: oldest

text: operating

text: port

text: and

text: its

text: sole

text: major

text: riverine

text: port

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: while

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: suburbs

text: was

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: India

text: In

text: its

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: adjusted

text: for

text: purchasing

text: power

text: parity

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: billion

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: among

text: Indian

text: cities

text: behind

text: Mumbai

text: and

text: Delhi

text: Malay Roy Choudhury (born 29 October 1939) is a Bengali poet, playwright, short story writer, essayist and novelist who founded the Hungryalist movement in the 1960s.

text: Malay

text: Roy

text: Choudhury

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: Bengali

text: poet

text: playwright

text: short

text: story

text: writer

text: essayist

text: and

text: novelist

text: who

text: founded

text: the

text: Hungryalist

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla as officially/constitutionally spelled in Bangladesh,, is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Asia. It is the national and official language of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, and the official language of several northeastern states of the Republic of India, including West Bengal, Tripura, Assam (Barak Valley) and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. With over 210 million speakers, Bengali is the seventh most spoken native language in the world.

text: Bengali

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: endonym

text: Bangla

text: as

text: officially

text: constitutionally

text: spelled

text: in

text: Bangladesh

text: is

text: an

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: language

text: spoken

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: national

text: and

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Bangladesh

text: and

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: several

text: northeastern

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: including

text: West

text: Bengal

text: Tripura

text: Assam

text: Barak

text: Valley

text: and

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: With

text: over

text: million

text: speakers

text: Bengali

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: spoken

text: native

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Shakti Chattopadhyay (November 25, 1933 - March 23, 1995) was a Bengali poet and writer.

text: Shakti

text: Chattopadhyay

text: November

text: March

text: was

text: Bengali

text: poet

text: and

text: writer

text: John Lockwood Kipling, C.I.E. (6 July 1837  26 January 1911), was an English art teacher, illustrator, and museum curator who spent most of his career in British India. He was the father of the author Rudyard Kipling.

text: John

text: Lockwood

text: Kipling

text: C.I.E.

text: July

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: art

text: teacher

text: illustrator

text: and

text: museum

text: curator

text: who

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: in

text: British

text: India

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: author

text: Rudyard

text: Kipling

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

question: date_of_birth subimal basak

answer: 1939


text: Amanda Brunker ( born 12 June 1974 ) is a novelist , journalist / columnist with the Irish Sunday World tabloid newspaper , and former Miss Ireland . After attending Mount Temple Comprehensive School she turned to modelling , entering and winning the Miss Ireland competition in 1991 when she was 17 years old .

text: Amanda

text: Brunker

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: novelist

text: journalist

text: columnist

text: with

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sunday

text: World

text: tabloid

text: newspaper

text: and

text: former

text: Miss

text: Ireland

text: After

text: attending

text: Mount

text: Temple

text: Comprehensive

text: School

text: she

text: turned

text: to

text: modelling

text: entering

text: and

text: winning

text: the

text: Miss

text: Ireland

text: competition

text: in

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: years

text: old

text: Northern Ireland (; Ulster Scots: "") is a top-level constituent unit of the United Kingdom in the northeast of Ireland. It is variously described as a country, province, region, or "part" of the United Kingdom, amongst other terms. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to "put forward views and proposals" with "determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments".

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Ulster

text: Scots

text: is

text: top

text: level

text: constituent

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: Ireland

text: It

text: is

text: variously

text: described

text: as

text: country

text: province

text: region

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: amongst

text: other

text: terms

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: shares

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: with

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: In

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: constituting

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: and

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: population

text: Established

text: by

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Act

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Good

text: Friday

text: Agreement

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Assembly

text: holds

text: responsibility

text: for

text: range

text: of

text: devolved

text: policy

text: matters

text: while

text: other

text: areas

text: are

text: reserved

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: co

text: operates

text: with

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: and

text: the

text: Agreement

text: granted

text: the

text: Republic

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: put

text: forward

text: views

text: and

text: proposals

text: with

text: determined

text: efforts

text: to

text: resolve

text: disagreements

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: governments

text: A beauty pageant or beauty contest is a competition that has traditionally focused on judging and ranking the physical attributes of the contestants, although some contests have evolved to also incorporate personality traits, intelligence, talent, and answers to judges' questions as judged criteria. The term almost invariably refers only to contests for unmarried women such as the Big Four international beauty pageants;<ref name="chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-10/25/content_385531.htm"></ref> with similar events for men or boys being called by other names and more likely to be bodybuilding contests.

text: beauty

text: pageant

text: or

text: beauty

text: contest

text: is

text: competition

text: that

text: has

text: traditionally

text: focused

text: on

text: judging

text: and

text: ranking

text: the

text: physical

text: attributes

text: of

text: the

text: contestants

text: although

text: some

text: contests

text: have

text: evolved

text: to

text: also

text: incorporate

text: personality

text: traits

text: intelligence

text: talent

text: and

text: answers

text: to

text: judges

text: questions

text: as

text: judged

text: criteria

text: The

text: term

text: almost

text: invariably

text: refers

text: only

text: to

text: contests

text: for

text: unmarried

text: women

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Big

text: Four

text: international

text: beauty

text: pageants;<ref

text: name="chinadaily.com.cn

text: english

text: with

text: similar

text: events

text: for

text: men

text: or

text: boys

text: being

text: called

text: by

text: other

text: names

text: and

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: bodybuilding

text: contests

text: Ireland, also described as the Republic of Ireland ('), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the eastern part of the island, and whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country's 4.75 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint George's Channel to the south-east, and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The legislature, the ', consists of a lower house, ', an upper house, ', and an elected President (') who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the ' (Prime Minister, literally 'Chief', a title not used in English), who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President, and appoints other government ministers.

text: Ireland

text: also

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: north

text: western

text: Europe

text: occupying

text: about

text: five

text: sixths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Dublin

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: whose

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: around

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The

text: state

text: shares

text: its

text: only

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Saint

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: The

text: legislature

text: the

text: consists

text: of

text: lower

text: house

text: an

text: upper

text: house

text: and

text: an

text: elected

text: President

text: who

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: largely

text: ceremonial

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: but

text: with

text: some

text: important

text: powers

text: and

text: duties

text: The

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: is

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: literally

text: Chief

text: title

text: not

text: used

text: in

text: English

text: who

text: is

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: Dáil

text: and

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: and

text: appoints

text: other

text: government

text: ministers

text: Niamh Kennedy is Miss Ireland 2016 Miss Ireland is a national Beauty pageant in Ireland.

text: Niamh

text: Kennedy

text: is

text: Miss

text: Ireland

text: Miss

text: Ireland

text: is

text: national

text: Beauty

text: pageant

text: in

text: Ireland

text: The Sunday World is an Irish newspaper published by Sunday Newspapers Limited, a division of Independent News & Media. It is the second largest selling "popular" newspaper in the Republic of Ireland and is also sold in Northern Ireland (where a modified edition with more stories relevant to that region is produced).

text: The

text: Sunday

text: World

text: is

text: an

text: Irish

text: newspaper

text: published

text: by

text: Sunday

text: Newspapers

text: Limited

text: division

text: of

text: Independent

text: News

text: Media

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: selling

text: popular

text: newspaper

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: sold

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: where

text: modified

text: edition

text: with

text: more

text: stories

text: relevant

text: to

text: that

text: region

text: is

text: produced

annotations: likely multiple

question: place_of_birth amanda brunker

answer: dublin

text: dublin


text: A mediterranean climate or dry summer climate is the climate typical of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin. The lands around the Mediterranean Sea form the largest area where this climate type is found, but it also is found in most of coastal California, in parts of Western and South Australia, in southwestern South Africa, sections of Central Asia, and in central Chile.

text: mediterranean

text: climate

text: or

text: dry

text: summer

text: climate

text: is

text: the

text: climate

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: lands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: The

text: lands

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: form

text: the

text: largest

text: area

text: where

text: this

text: climate

text: type

text: is

text: found

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: coastal

text: California

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Western

text: and

text: South

text: Australia

text: in

text: southwestern

text: South

text: Africa

text: sections

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: in

text: central

text: Chile

text: Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

text: Chile

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Chile

text: is

text: South

text: American

text: country

text: occupying

text: long

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: between

text: the

text: Andes

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: It

text: borders

text: Peru

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Bolivia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Drake

text: Passage

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: Chilean

text: territory

text: includes

text: the

text: Pacific

text: islands

text: of

text: Juan

text: Fernández

text: Salas

text: Gómez

text: Desventuradas

text: and

text: Easter

text: Island

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Chile

text: also

text: claims

text: about

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: although

text: all

text: claims

text: are

text: suspended

text: under

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: Retama is a genus of flowering bushes in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the broom tribe, Genisteae. "Retama" broom bushes are found natively in North Africa, the Levant and some parts of southern Europe. "Retama raetam" and "Retama monosperma" have white flowers, while "Retama sphaerocarpa" has yellow flowers. It remains an open question in taxonomy whether the members of the "Retama" genus should be incorporated into the genus "Genista" (see Genisteae).

text: Retama

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: flowering

text: bushes

text: in

text: the

text: legume

text: family

text: Fabaceae

text: It

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: broom

text: tribe

text: Genisteae

text: Retama

text: broom

text: bushes

text: are

text: found

text: natively

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: the

text: Levant

text: and

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: southern

text: Europe

text: Retama

text: raetam

text: and

text: Retama

text: monosperma

text: have

text: white

text: flowers

text: while

text: Retama

text: sphaerocarpa

text: has

text: yellow

text: flowers

text: It

text: remains

text: an

text: open

text: question

text: in

text: taxonomy

text: whether

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Retama

text: genus

text: should

text: be

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: genus

text: Genista

text: see

text: Genisteae

text: The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: pronounced

text: is

text: sea

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: almost

text: completely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: identified

text: as

text: separate

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. It is the only country that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry.

text: South

text: Africa

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: RSA

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: of

text: coastline

text: of

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: stretching

text: along

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Indian

text: Oceans

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: of

text: Namibia

text: Botswana

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: Mozambique

text: and

text: Swaziland

text: and

text: surrounding

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Lesotho

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: with

text: close

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: nation

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: or

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: that

text: borders

text: both

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: About

text: percent

text: of

text: South

text: Africans

text: are

text: of

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: African

text: ancestry

text: divided

text: among

text: variety

text: of

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: speaking

text: different

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: nine

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: official

text: status

text: The

text: remaining

text: population

text: consists

text: of

text: Africa

text: 's

text: largest

text: communities

text: of

text: European

text: white

text: Asian

text: Indian

text: and

text: multiracial

text: coloured

text: ancestry

text: An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus (Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae. There are approximately 600 extant species of oaks. The common name "oak" also appears in the names of species in related genera, notably "Lithocarpus" (stone oaks), as well as in those of unrelated species such as "Grevillea robusta" (silky oaks) and the Casuarinaceae (she-oaks). The genus "Quercus" is native to the Northern Hemisphere, and includes deciduous and evergreen species extending from cool temperate to tropical latitudes in the Americas, Asia, Europe, and North Africa. North America contains the largest number of oak species, with approximately 90 occurring in the United States, while Mexico has 160 species of which 109 are endemic. The second greatest center of oak diversity is China, which contains approximately 100 species.

text: An

text: oak

text: is

text: tree

text: or

text: shrub

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Quercus

text: Latin

text: oak

text: tree

text: of

text: the

text: beech

text: family

text: Fagaceae

text: There

text: are

text: approximately

text: extant

text: species

text: of

text: oaks

text: The

text: common

text: name

text: oak

text: also

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: species

text: in

text: related

text: genera

text: notably

text: Lithocarpus

text: stone

text: oaks

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: those

text: of

text: unrelated

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: Grevillea

text: robusta

text: silky

text: oaks

text: and

text: the

text: Casuarinaceae

text: she

text: oaks

text: The

text: genus

text: Quercus

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: includes

text: deciduous

text: and

text: evergreen

text: species

text: extending

text: from

text: cool

text: temperate

text: to

text: tropical

text: latitudes

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Asia

text: Europe

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: North

text: America

text: contains

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: oak

text: species

text: with

text: approximately

text: occurring

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: while

text: Mexico

text: has

text: species

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: endemic

text: The

text: second

text: greatest

text: center

text: of

text: oak

text: diversity

text: is

text: China

text: which

text: contains

text: approximately

text: species

text: Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as "the 'stans" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent.

text: Central

text: Asia

text: or

text: Middle

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: core

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: and

text: stretches

text: from

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: colloquially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: stans

text: as

text: the

text: six

text: countries

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: all

text: have

text: names

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: Persian

text: suffix

text: -stan

text: meaning

text: land

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: within

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Eurasian

text: continent

text: Ulex (commonly known as gorse, furze or whin) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. The genus comprises about 20 species of thorny evergreen shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. The species are native to parts of western Europe and northwest Africa, with the majority of species in Iberia.

text: Ulex

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: gorse

text: furze

text: or

text: whin

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Fabaceae

text: The

text: genus

text: comprises

text: about

text: species

text: of

text: thorny

text: evergreen

text: shrubs

text: in

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Faboideae

text: of

text: the

text: pea

text: family

text: Fabaceae

text: The

text: species

text: are

text: native

text: to

text: parts

text: of

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: northwest

text: Africa

text: with

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: species

text: in

text: Iberia

text: Cytisus is a genus of about 50 species of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, native to open sites (typically scrub and heathland) in Europe, western Asia and North Africa. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae, and is one of several genera in the tribe Genisteae which are commonly called brooms. They are shrubs producing masses of brightly coloured, pea-like flowers, often highly fragrant. Members of the segregate genera, "Calicotome" and "Lembotropis" are sometimes included in "Cytisus".

text: Cytisus

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: about

text: species

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Fabaceae

text: native

text: to

text: open

text: sites

text: typically

text: scrub

text: and

text: heathland

text: in

text: Europe

text: western

text: Asia

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: It

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Faboideae

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: genera

text: in

text: the

text: tribe

text: Genisteae

text: which

text: are

text: commonly

text: called

text: brooms

text: They

text: are

text: shrubs

text: producing

text: masses

text: of

text: brightly

text: coloured

text: pea

text: like

text: flowers

text: often

text: highly

text: fragrant

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: segregate

text: genera

text: Calicotome

text: and

text: Lembotropis

text: are

text: sometimes

text: included

text: in

text: Cytisus

text: California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.

text: California

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: California

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Oregon

text: Nevada

text: and

text: Arizona

text: and

text: shares

text: an

text: international

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Mexican

text: state

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Sacramento

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: California

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: state

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: county

text: by

text: area

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: County

text: South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories. It has a total of 1.7 million people, and its population is the most highly centralised of any state in Australia, with more than 75 percent of South Australians living in the capital, Adelaide, or its environs. Other population centres in the state are relatively small.

text: South

text: Australia

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: SA

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: Australia

text: It

text: covers

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: arid

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: With

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: of

text: Australia

text: 's

text: states

text: and

text: territories

text: It

text: has

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: highly

text: centralised

text: of

text: any

text: state

text: in

text: Australia

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: of

text: South

text: Australians

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: Adelaide

text: or

text: its

text: environs

text: Other

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: are

text: relatively

text: small

text: The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.

text: The

text: euro

text: sign

text: code

text: EUR

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: currency

text: of

text: the

text: eurozone

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Austria

text: Belgium

text: Cyprus

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: France

text: Germany

text: Greece

text: Ireland

text: Italy

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: Luxembourg

text: Malta

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Portugal

text: Slovakia

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Spain

text: The

text: currency

text: is

text: also

text: officially

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: four

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: unilaterally

text: by

text: two

text: others

text: and

text: is

text: consequently

text: used

text: daily

text: by

text: some

text: million

text: Europeans

text: Outside

text: of

text: Europe

text: number

text: of

text: overseas

text: territories

text: of

text: EU

text: members

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: their

text: currency

text: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.

text: Australia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: continent

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: are

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: East

text: Timor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Australia

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Canberra

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: Sydney

text: Segura de Toro is a Spanish village in the north of Cáceres . There are some Celtic remains which can indicate a possible Celtic origin . It is situated by the Tras la Sierra mountains at an altitude of 715 m. It has several streams , and the main one is Garganta Ancha . The village has a Mediterranean climate and its pluviosity is 986.4 m / m. It 's built on a granite formation and there are chestnuts and oaks surrounded by tree heaths and genista .

text: Segura

text: de

text: Toro

text: is

text: Spanish

text: village

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Cáceres

text: There

text: are

text: some

text: Celtic

text: remains

text: which

text: can

text: indicate

text: possible

text: Celtic

text: origin

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: by

text: the

text: Tras

text: la

text: Sierra

text: mountains

text: at

text: an

text: altitude

text: of

text: It

text: has

text: several

text: streams

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: one

text: is

text: Garganta

text: Ancha

text: The

text: village

text: has

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: and

text: its

text: pluviosity

text: is

text: It

text: 's

text: built

text: on

text: granite

text: formation

text: and

text: there

text: are

text: chestnuts

text: and

text: oaks

text: surrounded

text: by

text: tree

text: heaths

text: and

text: genista

text: Genista is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae, native to open habitats such as moorland and pasture in Europe and western Asia. They include species commonly called broom, though the term may also refer to other genera, including "Cytisus" and "Chamaecytisus". Brooms in other genera are sometimes considered synonymous with "Genista": "Echinospartum", "Retama", "Spartium", "Stauracanthus", and "Ulex".

text: Genista

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: legume

text: family

text: Fabaceae

text: native

text: to

text: open

text: habitats

text: such

text: as

text: moorland

text: and

text: pasture

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: western

text: Asia

text: They

text: include

text: species

text: commonly

text: called

text: broom

text: though

text: the

text: term

text: may

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: other

text: genera

text: including

text: Cytisus

text: and

text: Chamaecytisus

text: Brooms

text: in

text: other

text: genera

text: are

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: synonymous

text: with

text: Genista

text: Echinospartum

text: Retama

text: Spartium

text: Stauracanthus

text: and

text: Ulex

text: Chamaecytisus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. It may be a synonym of "Cytisus". "C. palmensis" is a tree from the Canary Islands used as a fodder crop around the world.

text: Chamaecytisus

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: legume

text: family

text: Fabaceae

text: It

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Faboideae

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: synonym

text: of

text: Cytisus

text: palmensis

text: is

text: tree

text: from

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: used

text: as

text: fodder

text: crop

text: around

text: the

text: world

annotations: follows multiple

question: country segura de toro

answer: spain

text: spain


text: GNUmed is a Free / Libre electronic medical record ( EMR ) for Unix - like systems ( BSD , Linux , and UNIX systems ) , Microsoft Windows , Mac OS X and other platforms . GNUmed aims to provide medical software that respects the privacy of patients and that is based on open standards . GNUmed is based on third party projects such as free software / open source DBMS PostgreSQL and is written mostly in Python . It is supported by a graphical user interface ( GUI ) based on WxPython . The GNUmed practice management is developed and maintained by a community of developers .

text: GNUmed

text: is

text: Free

text: Libre

text: electronic

text: medical

text: record

text: EMR

text: for

text: Unix

text: like

text: systems

text: BSD

text: Linux

text: and

text: UNIX

text: systems

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: Mac

text: OS

text: and

text: other

text: platforms

text: GNUmed

text: aims

text: to

text: provide

text: medical

text: software

text: that

text: respects

text: the

text: privacy

text: of

text: patients

text: and

text: that

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: open

text: standards

text: GNUmed

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: third

text: party

text: projects

text: such

text: as

text: free

text: software

text: open

text: source

text: DBMS

text: PostgreSQL

text: and

text: is

text: written

text: mostly

text: in

text: Python

text: It

text: is

text: supported

text: by

text: graphical

text: user

text: interface

text: GUI

text: based

text: on

text: WxPython

text: The

text: GNUmed

text: practice

text: management

text: is

text: developed

text: and

text: maintained

text: by

text: community

text: of

text: developers

text: Windows Mobile is a family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones and Pocket PCs.

text: Windows

text: Mobile

text: is

text: family

text: of

text: mobile

text: operating

text: systems

text: developed

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: for

text: smartphones

text: and

text: Pocket

text: PCs

text: Microsoft Corporation (commonly referred to as Microsoft or MS) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington, that develops, manufactures, licenses, supports and sells computer software, consumer electronics and personal computers and services. Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, Microsoft Office office suite, and Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface tablet lineup. As of 2016, it was the world's largest software maker by revenue, and one of the world's most valuable companies.

text: Microsoft

text: Corporation

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Microsoft

text: or

text: MS

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: multinational

text: technology

text: company

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Redmond

text: Washington

text: that

text: develops

text: manufactures

text: licenses

text: supports

text: and

text: sells

text: computer

text: software

text: consumer

text: electronics

text: and

text: personal

text: computers

text: and

text: services

text: Its

text: best

text: known

text: software

text: products

text: are

text: the

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: line

text: of

text: operating

text: systems

text: Microsoft

text: Office

text: office

text: suite

text: and

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: and

text: Edge

text: web

text: browsers

text: Its

text: flagship

text: hardware

text: products

text: are

text: the

text: Xbox

text: video

text: game

text: consoles

text: and

text: the

text: Microsoft

text: Surface

text: tablet

text: lineup

text: As

text: of

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: software

text: maker

text: by

text: revenue

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: valuable

text: companies

text: Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, developed starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.

text: Unix

text: trademarked

text: as

text: UNIX

text: is

text: family

text: of

text: multitasking

text: multiuser

text: computer

text: operating

text: systems

text: that

text: derive

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: AT&T

text: Unix

text: developed

text: starting

text: in

text: the

text: at

text: the

text: Bell

text: Labs

text: research

text: center

text: by

text: Ken

text: Thompson

text: Dennis

text: Ritchie

text: and

text: others

text: A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X or *nix) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification. A Unix-like application is one that behaves like the corresponding Unix command or shell. There is no standard for defining the term, and some difference of opinion is possible as to the degree to which a given operating system or application is "Unix-like".

text: Unix

text: like

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: UN*X

text: or

text: nix

text: operating

text: system

text: is

text: one

text: that

text: behaves

text: in

text: manner

text: similar

text: to

text: Unix

text: system

text: while

text: not

text: necessarily

text: conforming

text: to

text: or

text: being

text: certified

text: to

text: any

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Single

text: UNIX

text: Specification

text: Unix

text: like

text: application

text: is

text: one

text: that

text: behaves

text: like

text: the

text: corresponding

text: Unix

text: command

text: or

text: shell

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: standard

text: for

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: and

text: some

text: difference

text: of

text: opinion

text: is

text: possible

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: degree

text: to

text: which

text: given

text: operating

text: system

text: or

text: application

text: is

text: Unix

text: like

text: Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993. It is a processor-independent, multiprocessing, multi-user operating system.

text: Windows

text: NT

text: is

text: family

text: of

text: operating

text: systems

text: produced

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: the

text: first

text: version

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: July

text: It

text: is

text: processor

text: independent

text: multiprocessing

text: multi

text: user

text: operating

text: system

text: Windows IoT, formerly Windows Embedded, is a family of operating systems from Microsoft designed for use in embedded systems. Microsoft currently has three different subfamilies of operating systems for embedded devices targeting a wide market, ranging from small-footprint, real-time devices to point of sale (POS) devices like kiosks. Windows Embedded operating systems are available to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), who make it available to end users preloaded with their hardware, in addition to volume license customers in some cases.

text: Windows

text: IoT

text: formerly

text: Windows

text: Embedded

text: is

text: family

text: of

text: operating

text: systems

text: from

text: Microsoft

text: designed

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: embedded

text: systems

text: Microsoft

text: currently

text: has

text: three

text: different

text: subfamilies

text: of

text: operating

text: systems

text: for

text: embedded

text: devices

text: targeting

text: wide

text: market

text: ranging

text: from

text: small

text: footprint

text: real

text: time

text: devices

text: to

text: point

text: of

text: sale

text: POS

text: devices

text: like

text: kiosks

text: Windows

text: Embedded

text: operating

text: systems

text: are

text: available

text: to

text: original

text: equipment

text: manufacturers

text: OEMs

text: who

text: make

text: it

text: available

text: to

text: end

text: users

text: preloaded

text: with

text: their

text: hardware

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: volume

text: license

text: customers

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text:
GNU is an operating system
and an extensive collection of computer software. GNU is composed wholly of free software, most of which is licensed under the GNU Project's own GPL.

text: GNU

text: is

text: an

text: operating

text: system

text: and

text: an

text: extensive

text: collection

text: of

text: computer

text: software

text: GNU

text: is

text: composed

text: wholly

text: of

text: free

text: software

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: licensed

text: under

text: the

text: GNU

text: Project

text: 's

text: own

text: GPL

text: IBM PC compatible computers are those similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, able to run the same software and support the same expansion cards as those. Such computers used to be referred to as PC clones, or IBM clones. They duplicate almost exactly all the significant features of the PC architecture, facilitated by IBM's choice of commodity hardware components and various manufacturers' ability to reverse engineer the BIOS firmware using a "clean room design" technique. Columbia Data Products built the first clone of the IBM personal computer by a clean room implementation of its BIOS.

text: IBM

text: PC

text: compatible

text: computers

text: are

text: those

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: IBM

text: PC

text: XT

text: and

text: AT

text: able

text: to

text: run

text: the

text: same

text: software

text: and

text: support

text: the

text: same

text: expansion

text: cards

text: as

text: those

text: Such

text: computers

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: PC

text: clones

text: or

text: IBM

text: clones

text: They

text: duplicate

text: almost

text: exactly

text: all

text: the

text: significant

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: PC

text: architecture

text: facilitated

text: by

text: IBM

text: 's

text: choice

text: of

text: commodity

text: hardware

text: components

text: and

text: various

text: manufacturers

text: ability

text: to

text: reverse

text: engineer

text: the

text: BIOS

text: firmware

text: using

text: clean

text: room

text: design

text: technique

text: Columbia

text: Data

text: Products

text: built

text: the

text: first

text: clone

text: of

text: the

text: IBM

text: personal

text: computer

text: by

text: clean

text: room

text: implementation

text: of

text: its

text: BIOS

text: Linus Benedict Torvalds (born December 28, 1969) is a Finnish software engineer who is the creator and, for a long time, principal developer, of the Linux kernel; which became the kernel for operating systems such as the Linux operating system, Android and Chrome OS. He also created the distributed revision control system Git and the diving logging and planning software Subsurface. He was honored, along with Shinya Yamanaka, with the 2012 Millennium Technology Prize by the Technology Academy Finland "in recognition of his creation of a new open source operating system for computers leading to the widely used Linux kernel". He is also the recipient of the 2014 IEEE Computer Society Computer Pioneer Award.

text: Linus

text: Benedict

text: Torvalds

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: Finnish

text: software

text: engineer

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: creator

text: and

text: for

text: long

text: time

text: principal

text: developer

text: of

text: the

text: Linux

text: kernel

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: kernel

text: for

text: operating

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Linux

text: operating

text: system

text: Android

text: and

text: Chrome

text: OS

text: He

text: also

text: created

text: the

text: distributed

text: revision

text: control

text: system

text: Git

text: and

text: the

text: diving

text: logging

text: and

text: planning

text: software

text: Subsurface

text: He

text: was

text: honored

text: along

text: with

text: Shinya

text: Yamanaka

text: with

text: the

text: Millennium

text: Technology

text: Prize

text: by

text: the

text: Technology

text: Academy

text: Finland

text: in

text: recognition

text: of

text: his

text: creation

text: of

text: new

text: open

text: source

text: operating

text: system

text: for

text: computers

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: widely

text: used

text: Linux

text: kernel

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: recipient

text: of

text: the

text: IEEE

text: Computer

text: Society

text: Computer

text: Pioneer

text: Award

text: Windows Server is a brand name for a group of server operating systems released by Microsoft. It includes all Windows operating systems branded "Windows Server", but not any other Microsoft product. The first Windows server edition to be released under that brand was Windows Server 2003. However, the first server edition of Windows was Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, followed by Windows NT 3.5 Server, Windows NT 4.0 Server, and Windows 2000 Server; the latter was the first server edition to include Active Directory, DNS Server, DHCP Server, Group Policy, as well as many other popular features used today.

text: Windows

text: Server

text: is

text: brand

text: name

text: for

text: group

text: of

text: server

text: operating

text: systems

text: released

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: It

text: includes

text: all

text: Windows

text: operating

text: systems

text: branded

text: Windows

text: Server

text: but

text: not

text: any

text: other

text: Microsoft

text: product

text: The

text: first

text: Windows

text: server

text: edition

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: under

text: that

text: brand

text: was

text: Windows

text: Server

text: However

text: the

text: first

text: server

text: edition

text: of

text: Windows

text: was

text: Windows

text: NT

text: Advanced

text: Server

text: followed

text: by

text: Windows

text: NT

text: Server

text: Windows

text: NT

text: Server

text: and

text: Windows

text: Server

text: the

text: latter

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: server

text: edition

text: to

text: include

text: Active

text: Directory

text: DNS

text: Server

text: DHCP

text: Server

text: Group

text: Policy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: other

text: popular

text: features

text: used

text: today

text: Windows 9x is a generic term referring to a series of Microsoft Windows computer operating systems produced from 1995 to 2000, which were based on the Windows 95 kernel and its underlying foundation of MS-DOS, both of which were updated in subsequent versions. This includes all versions of Windows 95 and Windows 98. Windows ME is sometimes included.

text: Windows

text: is

text: generic

text: term

text: referring

text: to

text: series

text: of

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: computer

text: operating

text: systems

text: produced

text: from

text: to

text: which

text: were

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Windows

text: kernel

text: and

text: its

text: underlying

text: foundation

text: of

text: MS

text: DOS

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: updated

text: in

text: subsequent

text: versions

text: This

text: includes

text: all

text: versions

text: of

text: Windows

text: and

text: Windows

text: Windows

text: ME

text: is

text: sometimes

text: included

text: Windows Embedded Compact, formerly Windows Embedded CE and Windows CE, is an operating system subfamily developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows Embedded family of products. Unlike Windows Embedded Standard, which is based on Windows NT, Windows Embedded Compact uses a different hybrid kernel. Microsoft licenses Windows CE to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), who can modify and create their own user interfaces and experiences, with Windows CE providing the technical foundation to do so.

text: Windows

text: Embedded

text: Compact

text: formerly

text: Windows

text: Embedded

text: CE

text: and

text: Windows

text: CE

text: is

text: an

text: operating

text: system

text: subfamily

text: developed

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: Windows

text: Embedded

text: family

text: of

text: products

text: Unlike

text: Windows

text: Embedded

text: Standard

text: which

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: Windows

text: NT

text: Windows

text: Embedded

text: Compact

text: uses

text: different

text: hybrid

text: kernel

text: Microsoft

text: licenses

text: Windows

text: CE

text: to

text: original

text: equipment

text: manufacturers

text: OEMs

text: who

text: can

text: modify

text: and

text: create

text: their

text: own

text: user

text: interfaces

text: and

text: experiences

text: with

text: Windows

text: CE

text: providing

text: the

text: technical

text: foundation

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: The Linux kernel is a monolithic Unix-like computer operating system kernel. The Linux operating system is based on this kernel and deployed on both traditional computer systems such as personal computers and servers, usually in the form of Linux distributions, and on various embedded devices such as routers, wireless access points, PBXes, set-top boxes, FTA receivers, smart TVs, PVRs and NAS appliances. The Android operating system for tablet computers, smartphones and smartwatches is also based atop the Linux kernel. While the adoption on desktop computers is low, Linux-based operating systems dominate nearly every other segment of computing, from mobile devices to mainframes. , all but two of the world's 500 most powerful supercomputers run Linux. The other two run AIX on IBM power 7 hardware.

text: The

text: Linux

text: kernel

text: is

text: monolithic

text: Unix

text: like

text: computer

text: operating

text: system

text: kernel

text: The

text: Linux

text: operating

text: system

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: this

text: kernel

text: and

text: deployed

text: on

text: both

text: traditional

text: computer

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: personal

text: computers

text: and

text: servers

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: Linux

text: distributions

text: and

text: on

text: various

text: embedded

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: routers

text: wireless

text: access

text: points

text: PBXes

text: set

text: top

text: boxes

text: FTA

text: receivers

text: smart

text: TVs

text: PVRs

text: and

text: NAS

text: appliances

text: The

text: Android

text: operating

text: system

text: for

text: tablet

text: computers

text: smartphones

text: and

text: smartwatches

text: is

text: also

text: based

text: atop

text: the

text: Linux

text: kernel

text: While

text: the

text: adoption

text: on

text: desktop

text: computers

text: is

text: low

text: Linux

text: based

text: operating

text: systems

text: dominate

text: nearly

text: every

text: other

text: segment

text: of

text: computing

text: from

text: mobile

text: devices

text: to

text: mainframes

text: all

text: but

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: powerful

text: supercomputers

text: run

text: Linux

text: The

text: other

text: two

text: run

text: AIX

text: on

text: IBM

text: power

text: hardware

text:
sed ("stream editor") is a Unix utility that parses and transforms text, using a simple, compact programming language. sed was developed from 1973 to 1974 by Lee E. McMahon of Bell Labs,
and is available today for most operating systems. sed was based on the scripting features of the interactive editor ed ("editor", 1971) and the earlier qed ("quick editor", 196566). sed was one of the earliest tools to support regular expressions, and remains in use for text processing, most notably with the substitution command. Other options for doing "stream editing" include AWK and Perl.

text: sed

text: stream

text: editor

text: is

text: Unix

text: utility

text: that

text: parses

text: and

text: transforms

text: text

text: using

text: simple

text: compact

text: programming

text: language

text: sed

text: was

text: developed

text: from

text: to

text: by

text: Lee

text: McMahon

text: of

text: Bell

text: Labs

text: and

text: is

text: available

text: today

text: for

text: most

text: operating

text: systems

text: sed

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: scripting

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: interactive

text: editor

text: ed

text: editor

text: and

text: the

text: earlier

text: qed

text: quick

text: editor

text: sed

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: tools

text: to

text: support

text: regular

text: expressions

text: and

text: remains

text: in

text: use

text: for

text: text

text: processing

text: most

text: notably

text: with

text: the

text: substitution

text: command

text: Other

text: options

text: for

text: doing

text: stream

text: editing

text: include

text: AWK

text: and

text: Perl

text: Linux (pronounced or, less frequently) is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to describe the operating system, which has led to some controversy.

text: Linux

text: pronounced

text: or

text: less

text: frequently

text: is

text: Unix

text: like

text: computer

text: operating

text: system

text: assembled

text: under

text: the

text: model

text: of

text: free

text: and

text: open

text: source

text: software

text: development

text: and

text: distribution

text: The

text: defining

text: component

text: of

text: Linux

text: is

text: the

text: Linux

text: kernel

text: an

text: operating

text: system

text: kernel

text: first

text: released

text: on

text: September

text: by

text: Linus

text: Torvalds

text: The

text: Free

text: Software

text: Foundation

text: uses

text: the

text: name

text: GNU

text: Linux

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: operating

text: system

text: which

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: some

text: controversy

text: Windows Phone (WP) is a family of mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and Zune. Windows Phone features a new user interface derived from Metro design language. Unlike Windows Mobile, it is primarily aimed at the consumer market rather than the enterprise market. It was first launched in October 2010 with Windows Phone 7. Windows Phone 8.1 is the latest public release of the operating system, released to manufacturing on April 14, 2014.

text: Windows

text: Phone

text: WP

text: is

text: family

text: of

text: mobile

text: operating

text: systems

text: developed

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: for

text: smartphones

text: as

text: the

text: replacement

text: successor

text: to

text: Windows

text: Mobile

text: and

text: Zune

text: Windows

text: Phone

text: features

text: new

text: user

text: interface

text: derived

text: from

text: Metro

text: design

text: language

text: Unlike

text: Windows

text: Mobile

text: it

text: is

text: primarily

text: aimed

text: at

text: the

text: consumer

text: market

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: enterprise

text: market

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: launched

text: in

text: October

text: with

text: Windows

text: Phone

text: Windows

text: Phone

text: is

text: the

text: latest

text: public

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: operating

text: system

text: released

text: to

text: manufacturing

text: on

text: April

text: The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the free software movement, which promotes the universal freedom to study, distribute, create, and modify computer software, with the organization's preference for software being distributed under copyleft ("share alike") terms, such as with its own GNU General Public License. The FSF was incorporated in Massachusetts, USA, where it is also based.

text: The

text: Free

text: Software

text: Foundation

text: FSF

text: is

text: non

text: profit

text: organization

text: founded

text: by

text: Richard

text: Stallman

text: on

text: October

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: free

text: software

text: movement

text: which

text: promotes

text: the

text: universal

text: freedom

text: to

text: study

text: distribute

text: create

text: and

text: modify

text: computer

text: software

text: with

text: the

text: organization

text: 's

text: preference

text: for

text: software

text: being

text: distributed

text: under

text: copyleft

text: share

text: alike

text: terms

text: such

text: as

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: GNU

text: General

text: Public

text: License

text: The

text: FSF

text: was

text: incorporated

text: in

text: Massachusetts

text: USA

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: based

text: Microsoft Windows (or simply Windows) is a metafamily of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft. It consists of several families of operating systems, each of which cater to a certain sector of the computing industry with the OS typically associated with IBM PC compatible architecture. Active Windows families include Windows NT, Windows Embedded and Windows Phone; these may encompass subfamilies, e.g. Windows Embedded Compact (Windows CE) or Windows Server. Defunct Windows families include Windows 9x; Windows 10 Mobile is an active product, unrelated to the defunct family Windows Mobile.

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: or

text: simply

text: Windows

text: is

text: metafamily

text: of

text: graphical

text: operating

text: systems

text: developed

text: marketed

text: and

text: sold

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: several

text: families

text: of

text: operating

text: systems

text: each

text: of

text: which

text: cater

text: to

text: certain

text: sector

text: of

text: the

text: computing

text: industry

text: with

text: the

text: OS

text: typically

text: associated

text: with

text: IBM

text: PC

text: compatible

text: architecture

text: Active

text: Windows

text: families

text: include

text: Windows

text: NT

text: Windows

text: Embedded

text: and

text: Windows

text: Phone

text: these

text: may

text: encompass

text: subfamilies

text: e.g.

text: Windows

text: Embedded

text: Compact

text: Windows

text: CE

text: or

text: Windows

text: Server

text: Defunct

text: Windows

text: families

text: include

text: Windows

text: Windows

text: Mobile

text: is

text: an

text: active

text: product

text: unrelated

text: to

text: the

text: defunct

text: family

text: Windows

text: Mobile

question: developer gnumed

answer: gnu project

text: gnu project