text: The Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) was set up in 2002 as a basis of co-operation between the Fiji, Samoa and Tonga Rugby Unions. Niue and the Cook Islands also became members of the Alliance and supplied players to the Pacific Islanders team. Both the PIRA and the Pacific Islanders team were disbanded in 2009.

text: The

text: Pacific

text: Islands

text: Rugby

text: Alliance

text: PIRA

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: as

text: basis

text: of

text: co

text: operation

text: between

text: the

text: Fiji

text: Samoa

text: and

text: Tonga

text: Rugby

text: Unions

text: Niue

text: and

text: the

text: Cook

text: Islands

text: also

text: became

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Alliance

text: and

text: supplied

text: players

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Islanders

text: team

text: Both

text: the

text: PIRA

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Islanders

text: team

text: were

text: disbanded

text: in

text: The 2007 Rugby World Cup was the sixth Rugby World Cup, a quadrennial international rugby union competition inaugurated in 1987. Twenty nations competed for the Webb Ellis Cup in the tournament, which was hosted by France from 7 September to 20 October. France won the hosting rights in 2003, beating a bid from England. The competition consisted of 48 matches over 44 days; 42 matches were played in ten cities throughout France, as well as four in Cardiff, Wales, and two in Edinburgh, Scotland.

text: The

text: Rugby

text: World

text: Cup

text: was

text: the

text: sixth

text: Rugby

text: World

text: Cup

text: quadrennial

text: international

text: rugby

text: union

text: competition

text: inaugurated

text: in

text: Twenty

text: nations

text: competed

text: for

text: the

text: Webb

text: Ellis

text: Cup

text: in

text: the

text: tournament

text: which

text: was

text: hosted

text: by

text: France

text: from

text: September

text: to

text: October

text: France

text: won

text: the

text: hosting

text: rights

text: in

text: beating

text: bid

text: from

text: England

text: The

text: competition

text: consisted

text: of

text: matches

text: over

text: days

text: matches

text: were

text: played

text: in

text: ten

text: cities

text: throughout

text: France

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: four

text: in

text: Cardiff

text: Wales

text: and

text: two

text: in

text: Edinburgh

text: Scotland

text: Justin Purdie ( born 13 May 1980 in Samatau ) is a Samoan rugby union flanker . He is a member of the Samoa national rugby union team and participated with the squad at the 2007 Rugby World Cup . Currently living in France playing rugby .

text: Justin

text: Purdie

text: born

text: May

text: in

text: Samatau

text: is

text: Samoan

text: rugby

text: union

text: flanker

text: He

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Samoa

text: national

text: rugby

text: union

text: team

text: and

text: participated

text: with

text: the

text: squad

text: at

text: the

text: Rugby

text: World

text: Cup

text: Currently

text: living

text: in

text: France

text: playing

text: rugby

text: The Samoa Rugby Union are the governing body of the sport of rugby union in Samoa. They were formerly members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) along with Fiji and Tonga.

text: The

text: Samoa

text: Rugby

text: Union

text: are

text: the

text: governing

text: body

text: of

text: the

text: sport

text: of

text: rugby

text: union

text: in

text: Samoa

text: They

text: were

text: formerly

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Islands

text: Rugby

text: Alliance

text: PIRA

text: along

text: with

text: Fiji

text: and

text: Tonga

text: The Independent State of Samoa, commonly known as Samoa and, until 1997, known as Western Samoa, is a unitary parliamentary democracy with eleven administrative divisions. The two main islands are Savai'i and Upolu with four smaller islands surrounding the landmasses. The capital city is Apia. The Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan islands around 3,500 years ago. They developed a unique language and cultural identity.

text: The

text: Independent

text: State

text: of

text: Samoa

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Samoa

text: and

text: until

text: known

text: as

text: Western

text: Samoa

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: democracy

text: with

text: eleven

text: administrative

text: divisions

text: The

text: two

text: main

text: islands

text: are

text: Savai'i

text: and

text: Upolu

text: with

text: four

text: smaller

text: islands

text: surrounding

text: the

text: landmasses

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Apia

text: The

text: Lapita

text: people

text: discovered

text: and

text: settled

text: the

text: Samoan

text: islands

text: around

text: years

text: ago

text: They

text: developed

text: unique

text: language

text: and

text: cultural

text: identity

text:
The Rugby World Cup is a men's rugby union tournament contested every four years between the top international teams. The tournament was first held in 1987, when the tournament was co-hosted by New Zealand and Australia.
New Zealand are the current champions, having defeated Australia in the final of the 2015 tournament in England.

text: The

text: Rugby

text: World

text: Cup

text: is

text: men

text: 's

text: rugby

text: union

text: tournament

text: contested

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: between

text: the

text: top

text: international

text: teams

text: The

text: tournament

text: was

text: first

text: held

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: tournament

text: was

text: co

text: hosted

text: by

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Australia

text: New

text: Zealand

text: are

text: the

text: current

text: champions

text: having

text: defeated

text: Australia

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: of

text: the

text: tournament

text: in

text: England

text: Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 local government council areas. Located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, it is Scotland's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The 2014 official population estimates are 464,990 for the city of Edinburgh, 492,680 for the local authority area, and 1,339,380 for the city region as of 2014 (Edinburgh lies at the heart of the proposed Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region). Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is home to the Scottish Parliament and the seat of the monarchy in Scotland. The city is also the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. It is the largest financial centre in the UK after London.

text: Edinburgh

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: local

text: government

text: council

text: areas

text: Located

text: in

text: Lothian

text: on

text: the

text: Firth

text: of

text: Forth

text: 's

text: southern

text: shore

text: it

text: is

text: Scotland

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: official

text: population

text: estimates

text: are

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: for

text: the

text: local

text: authority

text: area

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: region

text: as

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: proposed

text: Edinburgh

text: and

text: South

text: East

text: Scotland

text: city

text: region

text: Recognised

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Scotland

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: Edinburgh

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: in

text: Scotland

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: annual

text: venue

text: of

text: the

text: General

text: Assembly

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: home

text: to

text: national

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Scotland

text: the

text: National

text: Library

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: the

text: Scottish

text: National

text: Gallery

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: financial

text: centre

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: after

text: London

text: Rugby union, or simply rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line.

text: Rugby

text: union

text: or

text: simply

text: rugby

text: is

text: contact

text: team

text: sport

text: which

text: originated

text: in

text: England

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: codes

text: of

text: rugby

text: football

text: it

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: running

text: with

text: the

text: ball

text: in

text: hand

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: common

text: form

text: game

text: is

text: between

text: two

text: teams

text: of

text: players

text: using

text: an

text: oval

text: shaped

text: ball

text: on

text: rectangular

text: field

text: with

text: shaped

text: goalposts

text: on

text: each

text: try

text: line

text: The Webb Ellis Cup is the trophy awarded to the winner of the Rugby World Cup, the premier competition in men's international rugby union. The Cup is named after William Webb Ellis, who is often credited as the inventor of rugby football. The trophy is silver gilt and has been presented to the winner of the Rugby World Cup since the first competition in 1987. It has been held thrice by New Zealand (1987, 2011 & 2015), twice by Australia (1991 & 1999) and South Africa (1995 & 2007), and once by England in 2003.

text: The

text: Webb

text: Ellis

text: Cup

text: is

text: the

text: trophy

text: awarded

text: to

text: the

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: Rugby

text: World

text: Cup

text: the

text: premier

text: competition

text: in

text: men

text: 's

text: international

text: rugby

text: union

text: The

text: Cup

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: William

text: Webb

text: Ellis

text: who

text: is

text: often

text: credited

text: as

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: rugby

text: football

text: The

text: trophy

text: is

text: silver

text: gilt

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: presented

text: to

text: the

text: winner

text: of

text: the

text: Rugby

text: World

text: Cup

text: since

text: the

text: first

text: competition

text: in

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: thrice

text: by

text: New

text: Zealand

text: twice

text: by

text: Australia

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: once

text: by

text: England

text: in

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: The Samoa national rugby union team (also known as Manu Samoa) is the men's representative side of Samoa in rugby union. The Samoa Rugby Union is owned by the affiliated rugby unions of Samoa. The name Manu Samoa is in honour of a famous Samoan warrior. They perform a traditional Samoan challenge called the siva tau before each game. Samoa Rugby Union were formerly members of the Pacific Islands Rugby Alliance (PIRA) along with Fiji and Tonga. They are ranked 12th in the world.

text: The

text: Samoa

text: national

text: rugby

text: union

text: team

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Manu

text: Samoa

text: is

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: representative

text: side

text: of

text: Samoa

text: in

text: rugby

text: union

text: The

text: Samoa

text: Rugby

text: Union

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: affiliated

text: rugby

text: unions

text: of

text: Samoa

text: The

text: name

text: Manu

text: Samoa

text: is

text: in

text: honour

text: of

text: famous

text: Samoan

text: warrior

text: They

text: perform

text: traditional

text: Samoan

text: challenge

text: called

text: the

text: siva

text: tau

text: before

text: each

text: game

text: Samoa

text: Rugby

text: Union

text: were

text: formerly

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Islands

text: Rugby

text: Alliance

text: PIRA

text: along

text: with

text: Fiji

text: and

text: Tonga

text: They

text: are

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Cardiff is the capital and largest city in Wales and the eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is the country's chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. The unitary authority area's mid-2011 population was estimated to be 346,100, while the population of the Larger Urban Zone was estimated at 861,400 in 2009. The Cardiff metropolitan area makes up over a third of the total population of Wales, with a mid-2011 population estimate of about 1,100,000 people. Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.

text: Cardiff

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Wales

text: and

text: the

text: eleventh

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: chief

text: commercial

text: centre

text: the

text: base

text: for

text: most

text: national

text: cultural

text: and

text: sporting

text: institutions

text: the

text: Welsh

text: national

text: media

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: for

text: Wales

text: The

text: unitary

text: authority

text: area

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: while

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Larger

text: Urban

text: Zone

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: in

text: The

text: Cardiff

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: makes

text: up

text: over

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: Wales

text: with

text: population

text: estimate

text: of

text: about

text: people

text: Cardiff

text: is

text: significant

text: tourist

text: centre

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: visitor

text: destination

text: in

text: Wales

text: with

text: million

text: visitors

text: in

text: In

text: Cardiff

text: was

text: ranked

text: sixth

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: National

text: Geographic

text: 's

text: alternative

text: tourist

text: destinations

question: country_of_citizenship justin purdie

answer: new zealand

text: new zealand

text: new zealand

text: new zealand


text: A navy or maritime force is a fleet of waterborne military vessels (watercraft) and its associated naval aviation, both sea-based and land-based. It is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake-borne, riverine, littoral, or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions. It includes anything conducted by surface ships, amphibious ships, submarines, and seaborne aviation, as well as ancillary support, communications, training, and other fields; recent developments have included space-related operations. The strategic offensive role of a navy is projection of force into areas beyond a country's shores (for example, to protect sea-lanes, ferry troops, or attack other navies, ports, or shore installations). The strategic defensive purpose of a navy is to frustrate seaborne projection-of-force by enemies. The strategic task of the navy also may incorporate nuclear deterrence by use of Submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Naval operations can be broadly divided between riverine and littoral applications (brown-water navy), open-ocean applications (blue-water navy), and something in between (green-water navy), although these distinctions are more about strategic scope than tactical or operational division.

text: navy

text: or

text: maritime

text: force

text: is

text: fleet

text: of

text: waterborne

text: military

text: vessels

text: watercraft

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: naval

text: aviation

text: both

text: sea

text: based

text: and

text: land

text: based

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: nation

text: 's

text: armed

text: forces

text: principally

text: designated

text: for

text: naval

text: and

text: amphibious

text: warfare

text: namely

text: lake

text: borne

text: riverine

text: littoral

text: or

text: ocean

text: borne

text: combat

text: operations

text: and

text: related

text: functions

text: It

text: includes

text: anything

text: conducted

text: by

text: surface

text: ships

text: amphibious

text: ships

text: submarines

text: and

text: seaborne

text: aviation

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: ancillary

text: support

text: communications

text: training

text: and

text: other

text: fields

text: recent

text: developments

text: have

text: included

text: space

text: related

text: operations

text: The

text: strategic

text: offensive

text: role

text: of

text: navy

text: is

text: projection

text: of

text: force

text: into

text: areas

text: beyond

text: country

text: 's

text: shores

text: for

text: example

text: to

text: protect

text: sea

text: lanes

text: ferry

text: troops

text: or

text: attack

text: other

text: navies

text: ports

text: or

text: shore

text: installations

text: The

text: strategic

text: defensive

text: purpose

text: of

text: navy

text: is

text: to

text: frustrate

text: seaborne

text: projection

text: of

text: force

text: by

text: enemies

text: The

text: strategic

text: task

text: of

text: the

text: navy

text: also

text: may

text: incorporate

text: nuclear

text: deterrence

text: by

text: use

text: of

text: Submarine

text: launched

text: ballistic

text: missiles

text: Naval

text: operations

text: can

text: be

text: broadly

text: divided

text: between

text: riverine

text: and

text: littoral

text: applications

text: brown

text: water

text: navy

text: open

text: ocean

text: applications

text: blue

text: water

text: navy

text: and

text: something

text: in

text: between

text: green

text: water

text: navy

text: although

text: these

text: distinctions

text: are

text: more

text: about

text: strategic

text: scope

text: than

text: tactical

text: or

text: operational

text: division

text: A law enforcement officer (LEO) or peace officer, in North American English, is a public-sector employee whose duties primarily involve the enforcement of laws. The phrase can include police officers, municipal law enforcement officers, special police officers, customs officers, state troopers, special agents, special investigators, border patrol officers, immigration officers, court officers, probation officers, parole officers, arson investigators, auxiliary officers, game wardens, sheriffs, corrections, marshals, and deputies. Security guards are civilians and therefore not law enforcement officers, unless they have been granted powers to enforce particular laws, such as those accredited under a Community Safety Accreditation Scheme. Although typically the term "law enforcement officer" refers to those government agents with police powers, prosecutors are also law enforcement officers.

text: law

text: enforcement

text: officer

text: LEO

text: or

text: peace

text: officer

text: in

text: North

text: American

text: English

text: is

text: public

text: sector

text: employee

text: whose

text: duties

text: primarily

text: involve

text: the

text: enforcement

text: of

text: laws

text: The

text: phrase

text: can

text: include

text: police

text: officers

text: municipal

text: law

text: enforcement

text: officers

text: special

text: police

text: officers

text: customs

text: officers

text: state

text: troopers

text: special

text: agents

text: special

text: investigators

text: border

text: patrol

text: officers

text: immigration

text: officers

text: court

text: officers

text: probation

text: officers

text: parole

text: officers

text: arson

text: investigators

text: auxiliary

text: officers

text: game

text: wardens

text: sheriffs

text: corrections

text: marshals

text: and

text: deputies

text: Security

text: guards

text: are

text: civilians

text: and

text: therefore

text: not

text: law

text: enforcement

text: officers

text: unless

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: granted

text: powers

text: to

text: enforce

text: particular

text: laws

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: accredited

text: under

text: Community

text: Safety

text: Accreditation

text: Scheme

text: Although

text: typically

text: the

text: term

text: law

text: enforcement

text: officer

text: refers

text: to

text: those

text: government

text: agents

text: with

text: police

text: powers

text: prosecutors

text: are

text: also

text: law

text: enforcement

text: officers

text: A petty officer (PO) is a non-commissioned officer in many navies and is given the NATO rank denotion OR-6. They are equal in rank to sergeant in the British Army and Royal Air Force. A petty officer is superior in rank to leading rate and subordinate to chief petty officer, in the case of the British armed forces.

text: petty

text: officer

text: PO

text: is

text: non

text: commissioned

text: officer

text: in

text: many

text: navies

text: and

text: is

text: given

text: the

text: NATO

text: rank

text: denotion

text: They

text: are

text: equal

text: in

text: rank

text: to

text: sergeant

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Army

text: and

text: Royal

text: Air

text: Force

text: petty

text: officer

text: is

text: superior

text: in

text: rank

text: to

text: leading

text: rate

text: and

text: subordinate

text: to

text: chief

text: petty

text: officer

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: armed

text: forces

text: A patrol is commonly a group of personnel , such as law enforcement officers or military personnel , that are assigned to monitor a specific geographic area . This is also often referred to as a beat .

text: patrol

text: is

text: commonly

text: group

text: of

text: personnel

text: such

text: as

text: law

text: enforcement

text: officers

text: or

text: military

text: personnel

text: that

text: are

text: assigned

text: to

text: monitor

text: specific

text: geographic

text: area

text: This

text: is

text: also

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: beat

text: A security guard, security officer, or protective agent is a private person who is paid to protect an organization's assets (property, people, money, etc.) from a variety of hazards (such as waste, damaged property, unsafe worker behaviour, criminal activity, etc.) by utilizing preventative measures. They do this by maintaining a high-visibility presence to deter illegal and inappropriate actions, observing (either directly, through patrols, or by watching alarm systems or video cameras) for signs of crime, fire or disorder; then taking action to minimize damage (example: warning and escorting trespassers off property) and reporting any incidents to their client and emergency services as appropriate. Their international (at least in the United States of America and Canada) symbol of brotherhood is The Thin Green Line. Security officers are generally uniformed to represent their lawful authority on private property.

text: security

text: guard

text: security

text: officer

text: or

text: protective

text: agent

text: is

text: private

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: paid

text: to

text: protect

text: an

text: organization

text: 's

text: assets

text: property

text: people

text: money

text: etc

text: from

text: variety

text: of

text: hazards

text: such

text: as

text: waste

text: damaged

text: property

text: unsafe

text: worker

text: behaviour

text: criminal

text: activity

text: etc

text: by

text: utilizing

text: preventative

text: measures

text: They

text: do

text: this

text: by

text: maintaining

text: high

text: visibility

text: presence

text: to

text: deter

text: illegal

text: and

text: inappropriate

text: actions

text: observing

text: either

text: directly

text: through

text: patrols

text: or

text: by

text: watching

text: alarm

text: systems

text: or

text: video

text: cameras

text: for

text: signs

text: of

text: crime

text: fire

text: or

text: disorder

text: then

text: taking

text: action

text: to

text: minimize

text: damage

text: example

text: warning

text: and

text: escorting

text: trespassers

text: off

text: property

text: and

text: reporting

text: any

text: incidents

text: to

text: their

text: client

text: and

text: emergency

text: services

text: as

text: appropriate

text: Their

text: international

text: at

text: least

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: and

text: Canada

text: symbol

text: of

text: brotherhood

text: is

text: The

text: Thin

text: Green

text: Line

text: Security

text: officers

text: are

text: generally

text: uniformed

text: to

text: represent

text: their

text: lawful

text: authority

text: on

text: private

text: property

text: A warrant officer (WO) is an officer in a military organisation who is designated an officer by a warrant, as distinguished from a commissioned officer who is designated an officer by a commission, and a non-commissioned officer who is designated an officer, often by virtue of seniority.

text: warrant

text: officer

text: WO

text: is

text: an

text: officer

text: in

text: military

text: organisation

text: who

text: is

text: designated

text: an

text: officer

text: by

text: warrant

text: as

text: distinguished

text: from

text: commissioned

text: officer

text: who

text: is

text: designated

text: an

text: officer

text: by

text: commission

text: and

text: non

text: commissioned

text: officer

text: who

text: is

text: designated

text: an

text: officer

text: often

text: by

text: virtue

text: of

text: seniority

text: A coast guard or coastguard is a maritime security organization of a particular country. The term implies widely different responsibilities in different countries, from being a heavily armed military force with customs and security duties to being a volunteer organization tasked with search and rescue functions and lacking any law enforcement powers. However, a typical coast guard's functions are distinct from typical functions of both the "navy" (a pure military force) and a "transportation police" (a civilian law enforcement agency).

text: coast

text: guard

text: or

text: coastguard

text: is

text: maritime

text: security

text: organization

text: of

text: particular

text: country

text: The

text: term

text: implies

text: widely

text: different

text: responsibilities

text: in

text: different

text: countries

text: from

text: being

text: heavily

text: armed

text: military

text: force

text: with

text: customs

text: and

text: security

text: duties

text: to

text: being

text: volunteer

text: organization

text: tasked

text: with

text: search

text: and

text: rescue

text: functions

text: and

text: lacking

text: any

text: law

text: enforcement

text: powers

text: However

text: typical

text: coast

text: guard

text: 's

text: functions

text: are

text: distinct

text: from

text: typical

text: functions

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: navy

text: pure

text: military

text: force

text: and

text: transportation

text: police

text: civilian

text: law

text: enforcement

text: agency

text: A soldier is one who fights as part of an organised, land-based armed force. A soldier can be an enlisted person, a non-commissioned officer, or an officer.

text: soldier

text: is

text: one

text: who

text: fights

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: organised

text: land

text: based

text: armed

text: force

text: soldier

text: can

text: be

text: an

text: enlisted

text: person

text: non

text: commissioned

text: officer

text: or

text: an

text: officer

text: An army (from Latin "arma" "arms, weapons" via Old French "armée", "armed" (feminine)) or ground force is a fighting force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or state. It may also include other branches of the military such as the air force via means of aviation corps. Within a national military force, the word army may also mean a field army. They differ from army reserves who are activated only during such times as war or natural disasters.

text: An

text: army

text: from

text: Latin

text: arma

text: arms

text: weapons

text: via

text: Old

text: French

text: armée

text: armed

text: feminine

text: or

text: ground

text: force

text: is

text: fighting

text: force

text: that

text: fights

text: primarily

text: on

text: land

text: In

text: the

text: broadest

text: sense

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: land

text: based

text: military

text: branch

text: service

text: branch

text: or

text: armed

text: service

text: of

text: nation

text: or

text: state

text: It

text: may

text: also

text: include

text: other

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: air

text: force

text: via

text: means

text: of

text: aviation

text: corps

text: Within

text: national

text: military

text: force

text: the

text: word

text: army

text: may

text: also

text: mean

text: field

text: army

text: They

text: differ

text: from

text: army

text: reserves

text: who

text: are

text: activated

text: only

text: during

text: such

text: times

text: as

text: war

text: or

text: natural

text: disasters

text:
Military personnel are members of the armed forces. Usually, personnel are divided into military branches roughly defined by certain circumstances of their deployment. Those who serve in a typical large land force are soldiers, making up an army. Those who serve in seagoing forces are seamen or sailors, and their branch is a navy or coast guard . Marines serve in a marine corps. In the 20th century, the development of powered flight aircraft prompted the development of air forces, serviced by airmen. Designated leaders of military personnel are officers. These include commissioned officers, warrant officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs). For naval forces, non-commissioned officers are referred to as petty officers (POs).
military personnel are instructed to wear dog tags

text: Military

text: personnel

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: Usually

text: personnel

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: military

text: branches

text: roughly

text: defined

text: by

text: certain

text: circumstances

text: of

text: their

text: deployment

text: Those

text: who

text: serve

text: in

text: typical

text: large

text: land

text: force

text: are

text: soldiers

text: making

text: up

text: an

text: army

text: Those

text: who

text: serve

text: in

text: seagoing

text: forces

text: are

text: seamen

text: or

text: sailors

text: and

text: their

text: branch

text: is

text: navy

text: or

text: coast

text: guard

text: Marines

text: serve

text: in

text: marine

text: corps

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: powered

text: flight

text: aircraft

text: prompted

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: air

text: forces

text: serviced

text: by

text: airmen

text: Designated

text: leaders

text: of

text: military

text: personnel

text: are

text: officers

text: These

text: include

text: commissioned

text: officers

text: warrant

text: officers

text: and

text: non

text: commissioned

text: officers

text: NCOs

text: For

text: naval

text: forces

text: non

text: commissioned

text: officers

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: petty

text: officers

text: POs

text: military

text: personnel

text: are

text: instructed

text: to

text: wear

text: dog

text: tags

text: A non-commissioned officer or noncommissioned officer (NCO, colloquially non-com or noncom) is a military officer who has not earned a commission. Such is also called sub-officer in some countries. Non-commissioned officers, in the English-speaking world, usually obtain their position of authority by promotion through the enlisted ranks. In contrast, commissioned officers hold higher ranks than NCOs, have more legal responsibilities, are paid more, and often have more non-military training such as a university diploma. Commissioned officers usually earn their commissions without having risen through the enlisted ranks. "Mustang" is a slang term in the United States Armed Forces used to refer to a commissioned officer who began his or her career as an enlisted service member.

text: non

text: commissioned

text: officer

text: or

text: noncommissioned

text: officer

text: NCO

text: colloquially

text: non

text: com

text: or

text: noncom

text: is

text: military

text: officer

text: who

text: has

text: not

text: earned

text: commission

text: Such

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: sub

text: officer

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: Non

text: commissioned

text: officers

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: usually

text: obtain

text: their

text: position

text: of

text: authority

text: by

text: promotion

text: through

text: the

text: enlisted

text: ranks

text: In

text: contrast

text: commissioned

text: officers

text: hold

text: higher

text: ranks

text: than

text: NCOs

text: have

text: more

text: legal

text: responsibilities

text: are

text: paid

text: more

text: and

text: often

text: have

text: more

text: non

text: military

text: training

text: such

text: as

text: university

text: diploma

text: Commissioned

text: officers

text: usually

text: earn

text: their

text: commissions

text: without

text: having

text: risen

text: through

text: the

text: enlisted

text: ranks

text: Mustang

text: is

text: slang

text: term

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: commissioned

text: officer

text: who

text: began

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: career

text: as

text: an

text: enlisted

text: service

text: member

text:
The armed forces of a country are its government-sponsored defense, fighting forces, and organizations. They exist to further the foreign and domestic policies of their governing body and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external and internal aggressors. In broad usage, the terms "armed forces" and "military" are often treated synonymously, although in technical usage a distinction is sometimes made in which a country's armed forces may include both its military and other paramilitary forces. Armed force is the use of armed forces to achieve political objectives.
The study of the use of armed forces is called military science. Broadly speaking, this involves considering offense and defense at three "levels": strategy, operational art, and tactics. All three levels study the application of the use of force in order to achieve a desired objective.

text: The

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: country

text: are

text: its

text: government

text: sponsored

text: defense

text: fighting

text: forces

text: and

text: organizations

text: They

text: exist

text: to

text: further

text: the

text: foreign

text: and

text: domestic

text: policies

text: of

text: their

text: governing

text: body

text: and

text: to

text: defend

text: that

text: body

text: and

text: the

text: nation

text: it

text: represents

text: from

text: external

text: and

text: internal

text: aggressors

text: In

text: broad

text: usage

text: the

text: terms

text: armed

text: forces

text: and

text: military

text: are

text: often

text: treated

text: synonymously

text: although

text: in

text: technical

text: usage

text: distinction

text: is

text: sometimes

text: made

text: in

text: which

text: country

text: 's

text: armed

text: forces

text: may

text: include

text: both

text: its

text: military

text: and

text: other

text: paramilitary

text: forces

text: Armed

text: force

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: armed

text: forces

text: to

text: achieve

text: political

text: objectives

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: armed

text: forces

text: is

text: called

text: military

text: science

text: Broadly

text: speaking

text: this

text: involves

text: considering

text: offense

text: and

text: defense

text: at

text: three

text: levels

text: strategy

text: operational

text: art

text: and

text: tactics

text: All

text: three

text: levels

text: study

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: force

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: achieve

text: desired

text: objective

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: subclass_of patrol

answer: activity

text: activity


text: Two Evil Eyes (Italian: Due occhi diabolici) is a 1990 horror film, written and directed by Dario Argento and George A. Romero. The two had previously worked together on the immensely popular "Dawn of the Dead" in 1978. The film is split into two separate tales, both based largely on the works of Edgar Allan Poe: "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar", directed by Romero and starring Adrienne Barbeau, showcases his traditional mix of horror with social commentary, especially capitalism; and "The Black Cat", directed by Argento and starring Harvey Keitel, which blends a number of Poe references into a new narrative. Both of the tales were filmed in and take place in contemporary Pittsburgh.

text: Two

text: Evil

text: Eyes

text: Italian

text: Due

text: occhi

text: diabolici

text: is

text: horror

text: film

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Dario

text: Argento

text: and

text: George

text: Romero

text: The

text: two

text: had

text: previously

text: worked

text: together

text: on

text: the

text: immensely

text: popular

text: Dawn

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: in

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: split

text: into

text: two

text: separate

text: tales

text: both

text: based

text: largely

text: on

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Edgar

text: Allan

text: Poe

text: The

text: Facts

text: in

text: the

text: Case

text: of

text: Valdemar

text: directed

text: by

text: Romero

text: and

text: starring

text: Adrienne

text: Barbeau

text: showcases

text: his

text: traditional

text: mix

text: of

text: horror

text: with

text: social

text: commentary

text: especially

text: capitalism

text: and

text: The

text: Black

text: Cat

text: directed

text: by

text: Argento

text: and

text: starring

text: Harvey

text: Keitel

text: which

text: blends

text: number

text: of

text: Poe

text: references

text: into

text: new

text: narrative

text: Both

text: of

text: the

text: tales

text: were

text: filmed

text: in

text: and

text: take

text: place

text: in

text: contemporary

text: Pittsburgh

text: Harvey Keitel (; born May 13, 1939) is an American actor and producer. An Oscar and Golden Globe Award nominee, he has appeared in films such as Martin Scorsese's "Mean Streets", "The Last Temptation of Christ", and "Taxi Driver"; Ridley Scott's "The Duellists" and "Thelma & Louise"; Peter Yates' "Mother, Jugs & Speed"; Quentin Tarantino's "Reservoir Dogs" and "Pulp Fiction"; Jane Campion's "The Piano"; Abel Ferrara's "Bad Lieutenant"; Robert Rodriguez's "From Dusk till Dawn"; James Mangold's "Cop Land"; and Paolo Sorrentino's "Youth". Along with actors Al Pacino and Ellen Burstyn, he is the current co-president of the Actors Studio.

text: Harvey

text: Keitel

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: producer

text: An

text: Oscar

text: and

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Award

text: nominee

text: he

text: has

text: appeared

text: in

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: Martin

text: Scorsese

text: 's

text: Mean

text: Streets

text: The

text: Last

text: Temptation

text: of

text: Christ

text: and

text: Taxi

text: Driver

text: Ridley

text: Scott

text: 's

text: The

text: Duellists

text: and

text: Thelma

text: Louise

text: Peter

text: Yates

text: Mother

text: Jugs

text: Speed

text: Quentin

text: Tarantino

text: 's

text: Reservoir

text: Dogs

text: and

text: Pulp

text: Fiction

text: Jane

text: Campion

text: 's

text: The

text: Piano

text: Abel

text: Ferrara

text: 's

text: Bad

text: Lieutenant

text: Robert

text: Rodriguez

text: 's

text: From

text: Dusk

text: till

text: Dawn

text: James

text: Mangold

text: 's

text: Cop

text: Land

text: and

text: Paolo

text: Sorrentino

text: 's

text: Youth

text: Along

text: with

text: actors

text: Al

text: Pacino

text: and

text: Ellen

text: Burstyn

text: he

text: is

text: the

text: current

text: co

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Actors

text: Studio

text: Document of the Dead is a 1979 documentary film by American filmmaker Roy Frumkes that was largely shot during the production of the 1978 film Dawn of the Dead . Originally a 66 minute feature , it has since been expanded two times . First , in 1989 , when an 85 minute version was released , featuring new interviews from the set of Two Evil Eyes . Then , in 2012 , it was released as The Definitive Document of the Dead , with a 102 minute runtime , featuring new footage filmed through 2006 .

text: Document

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: is

text: documentary

text: film

text: by

text: American

text: filmmaker

text: Roy

text: Frumkes

text: that

text: was

text: largely

text: shot

text: during

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: Dawn

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: Originally

text: minute

text: feature

text: it

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: expanded

text: two

text: times

text: First

text: in

text: when

text: an

text: minute

text: version

text: was

text: released

text: featuring

text: new

text: interviews

text: from

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: Two

text: Evil

text: Eyes

text: Then

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: The

text: Definitive

text: Document

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: with

text: minute

text: runtime

text: featuring

text: new

text: footage

text: filmed

text: through

text: Pittsburgh is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in the United States, and is the county seat of Allegheny County. The Combined Statistical Area (CSA) population of 2,659,937 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia, the second-largest in Pennsylvania after Philadelphia and the 20th-largest in the U.S. Located at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, which form the Ohio River, Pittsburgh is known as both "the Steel City" for its more than 300 steel-related businesses, and as the "City of Bridges" for its 446 bridges. The city features 30 skyscrapers, two inclines, a pre-revolutionary fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers. The city developed as a vital link of the Atlantic coast and Midwest. The mineral-rich Allegheny Mountains made the area coveted by the French and British empires, Virginia, Whiskey Rebels, and Civil War raiders.

text: Pittsburgh

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Allegheny

text: County

text: The

text: Combined

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: CSA

text: population

text: of

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: Ohio

text: Valley

text: and

text: Appalachia

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: in

text: Pennsylvania

text: after

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Allegheny

text: and

text: Monongahela

text: rivers

text: which

text: form

text: the

text: Ohio

text: River

text: Pittsburgh

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: both

text: the

text: Steel

text: City

text: for

text: its

text: more

text: than

text: steel

text: related

text: businesses

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Bridges

text: for

text: its

text: bridges

text: The

text: city

text: features

text: skyscrapers

text: two

text: inclines

text: pre

text: revolutionary

text: fortification

text: and

text: the

text: Point

text: State

text: Park

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: rivers

text: The

text: city

text: developed

text: as

text: vital

text: link

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: and

text: Midwest

text: The

text: mineral

text: rich

text: Allegheny

text: Mountains

text: made

text: the

text: area

text: coveted

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: British

text: empires

text: Virginia

text: Whiskey

text: Rebels

text: and

text: Civil

text: War

text: raiders

text: Adrienne Jo Barbeau (born June 11, 1945) is an American actress and the author of three books. Barbeau came to prominence in the 1970s as Broadway's original Rizzo in the musical "Grease", and as Carol Traynor, the divorced daughter of Maude Findlay (played by Bea Arthur) in the sitcom "Maude". In the 1970s and 1980s, Barbeau was a sex symbol, and in 1980 began starring in horror and science fiction films, including "The Fog", "Creepshow", "Swamp Thing", and "Escape from New York". During the 1990s, she became known for providing the voice of Catwoman on "" and subsequent Batman cartoon series. In the 2000s, she appeared in the HBO series "Carnivàle" as Ruthie the snake dancer.

text: Adrienne

text: Jo

text: Barbeau

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actress

text: and

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: three

text: books

text: Barbeau

text: came

text: to

text: prominence

text: in

text: the

text: as

text: Broadway

text: 's

text: original

text: Rizzo

text: in

text: the

text: musical

text: Grease

text: and

text: as

text: Carol

text: Traynor

text: the

text: divorced

text: daughter

text: of

text: Maude

text: Findlay

text: played

text: by

text: Bea

text: Arthur

text: in

text: the

text: sitcom

text: Maude

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: Barbeau

text: was

text: sex

text: symbol

text: and

text: in

text: began

text: starring

text: in

text: horror

text: and

text: science

text: fiction

text: films

text: including

text: The

text: Fog

text: Creepshow

text: Swamp

text: Thing

text: and

text: Escape

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: During

text: the

text: she

text: became

text: known

text: for

text: providing

text: the

text: voice

text: of

text: Catwoman

text: on

text: and

text: subsequent

text: Batman

text: cartoon

text: series

text: In

text: the

text: she

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: HBO

text: series

text: Carnivàle

text: as

text: Ruthie

text: the

text: snake

text: dancer

annotations: likely single

annotations: likely multiple

question: narrative_location document of the dead

answer: pittsburgh

text: pittsburgh

text: pittsburgh

text: pittsburgh


text: The Church of Spiritual Technology, also known as CST, is a California 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation, incorporated in 1982, which owns all the copyrights of the estate of L. Ron Hubbard and licenses their use. CST does business as L. Ron Hubbard Library.

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: Spiritual

text: Technology

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: CST

text: is

text: California

text: non

text: profit

text: corporation

text: incorporated

text: in

text: which

text: owns

text: all

text: the

text: copyrights

text: of

text: the

text: estate

text: of

text: Ron

text: Hubbard

text: and

text: licenses

text: their

text: use

text: CST

text: does

text: business

text: as

text: Ron

text: Hubbard

text: Library

text: Drug rehabilitation (often drug rehab or just rehab) is a term for the processes of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment, for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cocaine, heroin or amphetamines. The general intent is to enable the patient to confront substance dependence, if present, and cease substance abuse in order to avoid the psychological, legal, financial, social, and physical consequences that can be caused, especially by extreme abuse. Treatment includes medication for depression or other disorders, counseling by experts and sharing of experience with other addicts. Some rehab centers include meditation and spiritual wisdom in the treatment process. A few centers also treat gambling with the same techniques as are used in drug rehabilitation.

text: Drug

text: rehabilitation

text: often

text: drug

text: rehab

text: or

text: just

text: rehab

text: is

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: processes

text: of

text: medical

text: or

text: psychotherapeutic

text: treatment

text: for

text: dependency

text: on

text: psychoactive

text: substances

text: such

text: as

text: alcohol

text: prescription

text: drugs

text: and

text: street

text: drugs

text: such

text: as

text: cocaine

text: heroin

text: or

text: amphetamines

text: The

text: general

text: intent

text: is

text: to

text: enable

text: the

text: patient

text: to

text: confront

text: substance

text: dependence

text: if

text: present

text: and

text: cease

text: substance

text: abuse

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: psychological

text: legal

text: financial

text: social

text: and

text: physical

text: consequences

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: caused

text: especially

text: by

text: extreme

text: abuse

text: Treatment

text: includes

text: medication

text: for

text: depression

text: or

text: other

text: disorders

text: counseling

text: by

text: experts

text: and

text: sharing

text: of

text: experience

text: with

text: other

text: addicts

text: Some

text: rehab

text: centers

text: include

text: meditation

text: and

text: spiritual

text: wisdom

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: process

text: few

text: centers

text: also

text: treat

text: gambling

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: techniques

text: as

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: drug

text: rehabilitation

text: California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.

text: California

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: California

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Oregon

text: Nevada

text: and

text: Arizona

text: and

text: shares

text: an

text: international

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Mexican

text: state

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Sacramento

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: California

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: state

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: county

text: by

text: area

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: County

text: Gold Base (also variously known as Gold, Golden Era Productions, Int Base, or Int) is the confidential "de facto" international headquarters of the Church of Scientology. It is located in Riverside County, California to the north of San Jacinto and about from Los Angeles. The heavily guarded compound comprises about 50 buildings surrounded by high fences topped with blades and watched around the clock by patrols, cameras and motion detectors. The property is bisected by a public road, which is closely monitored by the Church with cameras recording passing traffic.

text: Gold

text: Base

text: also

text: variously

text: known

text: as

text: Gold

text: Golden

text: Era

text: Productions

text: Int

text: Base

text: or

text: Int

text: is

text: the

text: confidential

text: de

text: facto

text: international

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Riverside

text: County

text: California

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: San

text: Jacinto

text: and

text: about

text: from

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: The

text: heavily

text: guarded

text: compound

text: comprises

text: about

text: buildings

text: surrounded

text: by

text: high

text: fences

text: topped

text: with

text: blades

text: and

text: watched

text: around

text: the

text: clock

text: by

text: patrols

text: cameras

text: and

text: motion

text: detectors

text: The

text: property

text: is

text: bisected

text: by

text: public

text: road

text: which

text: is

text: closely

text: monitored

text: by

text: the

text: Church

text: with

text: cameras

text: recording

text: passing

text: traffic

text: The E-meter is a device for displaying and/or recording the electrodermal activity (EDA) of a human being. The device is used frequently for auditing in Scientology and divergent groups, but devices similar to the Scientology E-meter have been used for more than a century by counselors of psychology and psychoanalysis. Such devices have been used as a research tool in many human studies, and as one component of the Keeler polygraph (lie detector) system. The efficacy and legitimacy of Scientology's use of the E-meter has been subject to extensive debate and litigation and in accordance with a federal court order, the Church of Scientology now publishes disclaimers in its books and publications declaring that the E-meter "by itself does nothing" and that it is used specifically for spiritual purposes.

text: The

text: meter

text: is

text: device

text: for

text: displaying

text: and/or

text: recording

text: the

text: electrodermal

text: activity

text: EDA

text: of

text: human

text: being

text: The

text: device

text: is

text: used

text: frequently

text: for

text: auditing

text: in

text: Scientology

text: and

text: divergent

text: groups

text: but

text: devices

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Scientology

text: meter

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: century

text: by

text: counselors

text: of

text: psychology

text: and

text: psychoanalysis

text: Such

text: devices

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: research

text: tool

text: in

text: many

text: human

text: studies

text: and

text: as

text: one

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Keeler

text: polygraph

text: lie

text: detector

text: system

text: The

text: efficacy

text: and

text: legitimacy

text: of

text: Scientology

text: 's

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: meter

text: has

text: been

text: subject

text: to

text: extensive

text: debate

text: and

text: litigation

text: and

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: federal

text: court

text: order

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: now

text: publishes

text: disclaimers

text: in

text: its

text: books

text: and

text: publications

text: declaring

text: that

text: the

text: meter

text: by

text: itself

text: does

text: nothing

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: specifically

text: for

text: spiritual

text: purposes

text: Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a "literature of ideas." It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction.

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: SF

text: sci

text: fi

text: or

text: scifi

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: typically

text: dealing

text: with

text: imaginative

text: concepts

text: such

text: as

text: futuristic

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: space

text: travel

text: time

text: travel

text: faster

text: than

text: light

text: travel

text: parallel

text: universes

text: and

text: extraterrestrial

text: life

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: explores

text: the

text: potential

text: consequences

text: of

text: scientific

text: and

text: other

text: innovations

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: literature

text: of

text: ideas

text: It

text: usually

text: avoids

text: the

text: supernatural

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: related

text: genre

text: of

text: fantasy

text: historically

text: science

text: fiction

text: stories

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: have

text: grounding

text: in

text: science

text: based

text: fact

text: or

text: theory

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: story

text: was

text: created

text: but

text: this

text: connection

text: is

text: now

text: limited

text: to

text: hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: The Church of Scientology is a multinational network and hierarchy of numerous ostensibly independent but interconnected corporate entities and other organizations devoted to the practice, administration and dissemination of Scientology, a new religious movement. The Church of Scientology International (CSI) is officially the Church of Scientology's parent organization, and is responsible for guiding local Scientology churches. At a local level, every church is a separate corporate entity set up as a licensed franchise and has its own board of directors and executives. The first Scientology church was incorporated in December 1953 in Camden, New Jersey by L. Ron Hubbard. Its international headquarters are located at the Gold Base, in an unincorporated area of Riverside County, California. The location at Gilman Hotsprings is kept secret from most Scientologists. Scientology Missions International is under CSI and overseers Scientology missions, which are local Scientology organizations smaller than churches. The Church of Spiritual Technology (CST) is the organization which owns all the copyrights of the estate of L. Ron Hubbard.

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: is

text: multinational

text: network

text: and

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: numerous

text: ostensibly

text: independent

text: but

text: interconnected

text: corporate

text: entities

text: and

text: other

text: organizations

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: practice

text: administration

text: and

text: dissemination

text: of

text: Scientology

text: new

text: religious

text: movement

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: International

text: CSI

text: is

text: officially

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: 's

text: parent

text: organization

text: and

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: guiding

text: local

text: Scientology

text: churches

text: At

text: local

text: level

text: every

text: church

text: is

text: separate

text: corporate

text: entity

text: set

text: up

text: as

text: licensed

text: franchise

text: and

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: and

text: executives

text: The

text: first

text: Scientology

text: church

text: was

text: incorporated

text: in

text: December

text: in

text: Camden

text: New

text: Jersey

text: by

text: Ron

text: Hubbard

text: Its

text: international

text: headquarters

text: are

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: Gold

text: Base

text: in

text: an

text: unincorporated

text: area

text: of

text: Riverside

text: County

text: California

text: The

text: location

text: at

text: Gilman

text: Hotsprings

text: is

text: kept

text: secret

text: from

text: most

text: Scientologists

text: Scientology

text: Missions

text: International

text: is

text: under

text: CSI

text: and

text: overseers

text: Scientology

text: missions

text: which

text: are

text: local

text: Scientology

text: organizations

text: smaller

text: than

text: churches

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: Spiritual

text: Technology

text: CST

text: is

text: the

text: organization

text: which

text: owns

text: all

text: the

text: copyrights

text: of

text: the

text: estate

text: of

text: Ron

text: Hubbard

text: Camden is a city in Camden County, New Jersey. Camden is located directly across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At the 2010 United States Census, the city had a population of 77,344. Camden is the 12th most populous municipality in New Jersey. The city was incorporated on February 13, 1828. On March 13, 1844, Camden became a county seat in New Jersey. The city derives its name from Charles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden. Camden is made up of over twenty different neighborhoods.

text: Camden

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: Camden

text: County

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Camden

text: is

text: located

text: directly

text: across

text: the

text: Delaware

text: River

text: from

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: At

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: Camden

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: in

text: New

text: Jersey

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: incorporated

text: on

text: February

text: On

text: March

text: Camden

text: became

text: county

text: seat

text: in

text: New

text: Jersey

text: The

text: city

text: derives

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: Charles

text: Pratt

text: Earl

text: Camden

text: Camden

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: over

text: twenty

text: different

text: neighborhoods

text: Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13, 1911  January 24, 1986), better known as L. Ron Hubbard and often referred to by his initials, LRH, was an American author and the founder of the Church of Scientology. In 2014, Hubbard was cited by the Smithsonian magazine as one of the 100 most significant Americans of all time, as one of the eleven religious figures on that list. After establishing a career as a writer, becoming best known for his science fiction and fantasy stories, he developed a system called Dianetics which was first expounded in book form in May 1950. He subsequently developed his ideas into a wide-ranging set of doctrines and practices as part of a new religious movement that he called Scientology. His writings became the guiding texts for the Church of Scientology and a number of affiliated organizations that address such diverse topics as business administration, literacy and drug rehabilitation. The Church's dissemination of these materials led to Hubbard being listed by the "Guinness Book of World Records" as the most translated and published author in the world. The Guinness World Record for the most audio books published for one author is also held by Hubbard.

text: Lafayette

text: Ronald

text: Hubbard

text: March

text: January

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Ron

text: Hubbard

text: and

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: his

text: initials

text: LRH

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: author

text: and

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: In

text: Hubbard

text: was

text: cited

text: by

text: the

text: Smithsonian

text: magazine

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: significant

text: Americans

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: eleven

text: religious

text: figures

text: on

text: that

text: list

text: After

text: establishing

text: career

text: as

text: writer

text: becoming

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: science

text: fiction

text: and

text: fantasy

text: stories

text: he

text: developed

text: system

text: called

text: Dianetics

text: which

text: was

text: first

text: expounded

text: in

text: book

text: form

text: in

text: May

text: He

text: subsequently

text: developed

text: his

text: ideas

text: into

text: wide

text: ranging

text: set

text: of

text: doctrines

text: and

text: practices

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: new

text: religious

text: movement

text: that

text: he

text: called

text: Scientology

text: His

text: writings

text: became

text: the

text: guiding

text: texts

text: for

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: and

text: number

text: of

text: affiliated

text: organizations

text: that

text: address

text: such

text: diverse

text: topics

text: as

text: business

text: administration

text: literacy

text: and

text: drug

text: rehabilitation

text: The

text: Church

text: 's

text: dissemination

text: of

text: these

text: materials

text: led

text: to

text: Hubbard

text: being

text: listed

text: by

text: the

text: Guinness

text: Book

text: of

text: World

text: Records

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: translated

text: and

text: published

text: author

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Record

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: audio

text: books

text: published

text: for

text: one

text: author

text: is

text: also

text: held

text: by

text: Hubbard

text: Scientology is a body of beliefs and practices created in 1954 by American science fiction author L. Ron Hubbard ( 1911 -- 86 ) . After he developed Dianetics , the Dianetics Foundation entered bankruptcy and Hubbard lost the rights to his seminal publication Dianetics : The Modern Science of Mental Health in 1952 . He then recharacterized the subject as a religion and renamed it Scientology , retaining the terminology , doctrines , the E-meter , and the practice of auditing . Within a year , he regained the rights to Dianetics and retained both subjects under the umbrella of the Church of Scientology . Hubbard 's groups have encountered considerable opposition and controversy . In January 1951 , the New Jersey Board of Medical Examiners brought proceedings against Hubbard 's Dianetics Foundation for the charge of teaching medicine without a license . Hubbard and his followers engaged in a program of covert and illegal infiltration of the U.S. government . Hubbard - inspired organizations and their classification are often a point of contention . Germany classifies Scientology groups as an `` anti-constitutional sect '' ( verfassungsfeindliche Sekte ) . In France , Scientology groups have been classified as a cult by some public authorities .

text: Scientology

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: beliefs

text: and

text: practices

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: American

text: science

text: fiction

text: author

text: Ron

text: Hubbard

text: After

text: he

text: developed

text: Dianetics

text: the

text: Dianetics

text: Foundation

text: entered

text: bankruptcy

text: and

text: Hubbard

text: lost

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: his

text: seminal

text: publication

text: Dianetics

text: The

text: Modern

text: Science

text: of

text: Mental

text: Health

text: in

text: He

text: then

text: recharacterized

text: the

text: subject

text: as

text: religion

text: and

text: renamed

text: it

text: Scientology

text: retaining

text: the

text: terminology

text: doctrines

text: the

text: meter

text: and

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: auditing

text: Within

text: year

text: he

text: regained

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: Dianetics

text: and

text: retained

text: both

text: subjects

text: under

text: the

text: umbrella

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: Hubbard

text: 's

text: groups

text: have

text: encountered

text: considerable

text: opposition

text: and

text: controversy

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Board

text: of

text: Medical

text: Examiners

text: brought

text: proceedings

text: against

text: Hubbard

text: 's

text: Dianetics

text: Foundation

text: for

text: the

text: charge

text: of

text: teaching

text: medicine

text: without

text: license

text: Hubbard

text: and

text: his

text: followers

text: engaged

text: in

text: program

text: of

text: covert

text: and

text: illegal

text: infiltration

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: government

text: Hubbard

text: inspired

text: organizations

text: and

text: their

text: classification

text: are

text: often

text: point

text: of

text: contention

text: Germany

text: classifies

text: Scientology

text: groups

text: as

text: an

text: anti

text: constitutional

text: sect

text: verfassungsfeindliche

text: Sekte

text: In

text: France

text: Scientology

text: groups

text: have

text: been

text: classified

text: as

text: cult

text: by

text: some

text: public

text: authorities

text:
Psychology is the study of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought. It is an academic discipline and a social science which seeks to understand individuals and groups by establishing general principles and researching specific cases. In this field, a professional or researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors.
Psychologists explore behavior and mental processes, including perception, cognition, attention, emotion (affect), intelligence, phenomenology, motivation (conation), brain functioning, and personality. This extends to interaction between people, such as interpersonal relationships, including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. Psychologists of diverse orientations also consider the unconscious mind. Psychologists employ empirical methods to infer causal and correlational relationships between psychosocial variables. In addition, or in opposition, to employing empirical and deductive methods, someespecially clinical and counseling psychologistsat times rely upon symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. Psychology has been described as a "hub science", with psychological findings linking to research and perspectives from the social sciences, natural sciences, medicine, humanities, and philosophy.
While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, it is also directed towards understanding and solving problems in several spheres of human activity. By many accounts psychology ultimately aims to benefit society. The majority of psychologists are involved in some kind of therapeutic role, practicing in clinical, counseling, or school settings. Many do scientific research on a wide range of topics related to mental processes and behavior, and typically work in university psychology departments or teach in other academic settings (e.g., medical schools, hospitals). Some are employed in industrial and organizational settings, or in other areas such as human development and aging, sports, health, and the media, as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law.

text: Psychology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: behavior

text: and

text: mind

text: embracing

text: all

text: aspects

text: of

text: conscious

text: and

text: unconscious

text: experience

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: thought

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: academic

text: discipline

text: and

text: social

text: science

text: which

text: seeks

text: to

text: understand

text: individuals

text: and

text: groups

text: by

text: establishing

text: general

text: principles

text: and

text: researching

text: specific

text: cases

text: In

text: this

text: field

text: professional

text: or

text: researcher

text: is

text: called

text: psychologist

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: social

text: behavioral

text: or

text: cognitive

text: scientist

text: Psychologists

text: attempt

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: mental

text: functions

text: in

text: individual

text: and

text: social

text: behavior

text: while

text: also

text: exploring

text: the

text: physiological

text: and

text: biological

text: processes

text: that

text: underlie

text: cognitive

text: functions

text: and

text: behaviors

text: Psychologists

text: explore

text: behavior

text: and

text: mental

text: processes

text: including

text: perception

text: cognition

text: attention

text: emotion

text: affect

text: intelligence

text: phenomenology

text: motivation

text: conation

text: brain

text: functioning

text: and

text: personality

text: This

text: extends

text: to

text: interaction

text: between

text: people

text: such

text: as

text: interpersonal

text: relationships

text: including

text: psychological

text: resilience

text: family

text: resilience

text: and

text: other

text: areas

text: Psychologists

text: of

text: diverse

text: orientations

text: also

text: consider

text: the

text: unconscious

text: mind

text: Psychologists

text: employ

text: empirical

text: methods

text: to

text: infer

text: causal

text: and

text: correlational

text: relationships

text: between

text: psychosocial

text: variables

text: In

text: addition

text: or

text: in

text: opposition

text: to

text: employing

text: empirical

text: and

text: deductive

text: methods

text: someespecially

text: clinical

text: and

text: counseling

text: psychologistsat

text: times

text: rely

text: upon

text: symbolic

text: interpretation

text: and

text: other

text: inductive

text: techniques

text: Psychology

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: hub

text: science

text: with

text: psychological

text: findings

text: linking

text: to

text: research

text: and

text: perspectives

text: from

text: the

text: social

text: sciences

text: natural

text: sciences

text: medicine

text: humanities

text: and

text: philosophy

text: While

text: psychological

text: knowledge

text: is

text: often

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: assessment

text: and

text: treatment

text: of

text: mental

text: health

text: problems

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: directed

text: towards

text: understanding

text: and

text: solving

text: problems

text: in

text: several

text: spheres

text: of

text: human

text: activity

text: By

text: many

text: accounts

text: psychology

text: ultimately

text: aims

text: to

text: benefit

text: society

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: psychologists

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: some

text: kind

text: of

text: therapeutic

text: role

text: practicing

text: in

text: clinical

text: counseling

text: or

text: school

text: settings

text: Many

text: do

text: scientific

text: research

text: on

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: topics

text: related

text: to

text: mental

text: processes

text: and

text: behavior

text: and

text: typically

text: work

text: in

text: university

text: psychology

text: departments

text: or

text: teach

text: in

text: other

text: academic

text: settings

text: e.g.

text: medical

text: schools

text: hospitals

text: Some

text: are

text: employed

text: in

text: industrial

text: and

text: organizational

text: settings

text: or

text: in

text: other

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: human

text: development

text: and

text: aging

text: sports

text: health

text: and

text: the

text: media

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: forensic

text: investigation

text: and

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: law

text: A board of directors is a body of elected or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of a company or organization, which can include a non-profit organization or a government agency or corporation. A board of directors' activities are determined by the powers, duties, and responsibilities delegated to it or conferred on it by an authority outside itself. These matters are typically detailed in the organization's constitution and bylaws. These documents commonly also specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and how often they are to meet. However, the constitution and bylaws rarely address a board's powers when faced with a corporate turnaround, restructuring, or emergencies, where board members need to act as agents of change in addition to their traditional fiduciary responsibilities.

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: elected

text: or

text: appointed

text: members

text: who

text: jointly

text: oversee

text: the

text: activities

text: of

text: company

text: or

text: organization

text: which

text: can

text: include

text: non

text: profit

text: organization

text: or

text: government

text: agency

text: or

text: corporation

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: activities

text: are

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: powers

text: duties

text: and

text: responsibilities

text: delegated

text: to

text: it

text: or

text: conferred

text: on

text: it

text: by

text: an

text: authority

text: outside

text: itself

text: These

text: matters

text: are

text: typically

text: detailed

text: in

text: the

text: organization

text: 's

text: constitution

text: and

text: bylaws

text: These

text: documents

text: commonly

text: also

text: specify

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: board

text: how

text: they

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: chosen

text: and

text: how

text: often

text: they

text: are

text: to

text: meet

text: However

text: the

text: constitution

text: and

text: bylaws

text: rarely

text: address

text: board

text: 's

text: powers

text: when

text: faced

text: with

text: corporate

text: turnaround

text: restructuring

text: or

text: emergencies

text: where

text: board

text: members

text: need

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: agents

text: of

text: change

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: their

text: traditional

text: fiduciary

text: responsibilities

text: Dianetics (from Greek "dia", meaning "through", and "nous", meaning "mind") is a set of ideas and practices regarding the metaphysical relationship between the mind and body created by L. Ron Hubbard; Dianetics is practiced by followers of Scientology and independent Dianeticist groups. Dianetics has achieved no acceptance as a scientific theory and is widely considered to be a pseudoscience.

text: Dianetics

text: from

text: Greek

text: dia

text: meaning

text: through

text: and

text: nous

text: meaning

text: mind

text: is

text: set

text: of

text: ideas

text: and

text: practices

text: regarding

text: the

text: metaphysical

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: mind

text: and

text: body

text: created

text: by

text: Ron

text: Hubbard

text: Dianetics

text: is

text: practiced

text: by

text: followers

text: of

text: Scientology

text: and

text: independent

text: Dianeticist

text: groups

text: Dianetics

text: has

text: achieved

text: no

text: acceptance

text: as

text: scientific

text: theory

text: and

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: pseudoscience

text: Scientology Missions International (SMI) is a Californian 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation, which is located in Los Angeles, California. SMI is part of the Church of Scientology network.

text: Scientology

text: Missions

text: International

text: SMI

text: is

text: Californian

text: non

text: profit

text: corporation

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: SMI

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scientology

text: network

question: headquarters_location scientology

answer: gold base

text: gold base

text: gold base