text: Snowdonia is a mountainous region in north Wales and a national park of in area. It was the first to be designated of the three national parks in Wales, in 1951.

text: Snowdonia

text: is

text: mountainous

text: region

text: in

text: north

text: Wales

text: and

text: national

text: park

text: of

text: in

text: area

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: be

text: designated

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: national

text: parks

text: in

text: Wales

text: in

text: A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague.

text: river

text: is

text: natural

text: flowing

text: watercourse

text: usually

text: freshwater

text: flowing

text: towards

text: an

text: ocean

text: sea

text: lake

text: or

text: another

text: river

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: river

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: becomes

text: dry

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: its

text: course

text: without

text: reaching

text: another

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Small

text: rivers

text: can

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: using

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: stream

text: creek

text: brook

text: rivulet

text: and

text: rill

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: definitions

text: for

text: the

text: generic

text: term

text: river

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: geographic

text: features

text: although

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: or

text: communities

text: stream

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: size

text: Many

text: names

text: for

text: small

text: rivers

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: geographic

text: location

text: examples

text: are

text: run

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: burn

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: northeast

text: England

text: and

text: beck

text: in

text: northern

text: England

text: Sometimes

text: river

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: larger

text: than

text: creek

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: vague

text: Powys (or ; Welsh: ) is a principal area, local-government county and preserved county in Mid Wales. It is named after the successor Kingdom of Powys, which formed after the Romans withdrew from Britain.

text: Powys

text: or

text: Welsh

text: is

text: principal

text: area

text: local

text: government

text: county

text: and

text: preserved

text: county

text: in

text: Mid

text: Wales

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: successor

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Powys

text: which

text: formed

text: after

text: the

text: Romans

text: withdrew

text: from

text: Britain

text: A national park is a park in use for conservation purposes. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. Although individual nations designate their own national parks differently, there is a common idea: the conservation of 'wild nature' for posterity and as a symbol of national pride. An international organization, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined "National Park" as its "Category II" type of protected areas.

text: national

text: park

text: is

text: park

text: in

text: use

text: for

text: conservation

text: purposes

text: Often

text: it

text: is

text: reserve

text: of

text: natural

text: semi

text: natural

text: or

text: developed

text: land

text: that

text: sovereign

text: state

text: declares

text: or

text: owns

text: Although

text: individual

text: nations

text: designate

text: their

text: own

text: national

text: parks

text: differently

text: there

text: is

text: common

text: idea

text: the

text: conservation

text: of

text: wild

text: nature

text: for

text: posterity

text: and

text: as

text: symbol

text: of

text: national

text: pride

text: An

text: international

text: organization

text: the

text: International

text: Union

text: for

text: Conservation

text: of

text: Nature

text: IUCN

text: and

text: its

text: World

text: Commission

text: on

text: Protected

text: Areas

text: has

text: defined

text: National

text: Park

text: as

text: its

text: Category

text: II

text: type

text: of

text: protected

text: areas

text: Yr Wyddfa commonly known as Snowdon in English, is the highest mountain in Wales, at an elevation of above sea level, and the highest point in the British Isles south of the Scottish Highlands. It is located in Snowdonia National Park (") in Gwynedd, and has been described as "probably the busiest mountain in Britain". It is designated as a national nature reserve for its rare flora and fauna.

text: Yr

text: Wyddfa

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Snowdon

text: in

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: Wales

text: at

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: and

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Highlands

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Snowdonia

text: National

text: Park

text: in

text: Gwynedd

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: probably

text: the

text: busiest

text: mountain

text: in

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: national

text: nature

text: reserve

text: for

text: its

text: rare

text: flora

text: and

text: fauna

text: Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word "ignis" meaning fire), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust. Typically, the melting is caused by one or more of three processes: an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure, or a change in composition. Solidification into rock occurs either below the surface as intrusive rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks. Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.

text: Igneous

text: rock

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: ignis

text: meaning

text: fire

text: or

text: magmatic

text: rock

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: main

text: rock

text: types

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: sedimentary

text: and

text: metamorphic

text: Igneous

text: rock

text: is

text: formed

text: through

text: the

text: cooling

text: and

text: solidification

text: of

text: magma

text: or

text: lava

text: The

text: magma

text: can

text: be

text: derived

text: from

text: partial

text: melts

text: of

text: existing

text: rocks

text: in

text: either

text: planet

text: 's

text: mantle

text: or

text: crust

text: Typically

text: the

text: melting

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: three

text: processes

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: temperature

text: decrease

text: in

text: pressure

text: or

text: change

text: in

text: composition

text: Solidification

text: into

text: rock

text: occurs

text: either

text: below

text: the

text: surface

text: as

text: intrusive

text: rocks

text: or

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: as

text: extrusive

text: rocks

text: Igneous

text: rock

text: may

text: form

text: with

text: crystallization

text: to

text: form

text: granular

text: crystalline

text: rocks

text: or

text: without

text: crystallization

text: to

text: form

text: natural

text: glasses

text: Dolgellau (formerly "Dolgell(e)y" ; see below) is a market town in Gwynedd, north-west Wales, lying on the River Wnion, a tributary of the River Mawddach. It was the county town of Merionethshire before that became a part of the county of Gwynedd. Dolgellau is the main base for climbers of Cader Idris.

text: Dolgellau

text: formerly

text: Dolgell(e)y

text: see

text: below

text: is

text: market

text: town

text: in

text: Gwynedd

text: north

text: west

text: Wales

text: lying

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Wnion

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Mawddach

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Merionethshire

text: before

text: that

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Gwynedd

text: Dolgellau

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: base

text: for

text: climbers

text: of

text: Cader

text: Idris

text: Shropshire (or ; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops; demonym Salopian ) is a county located between West Midlands in England and Wales. It borders Powys and Wrexham in Wales to the west and north-west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. Shropshire Council was created in 2009, a unitary authority taking over from the previous county council and five district councils. The borough of Telford and Wrekin has been a separate unitary authority since 1998 but continues to be included in the ceremonial county.

text: Shropshire

text: or

text: alternatively

text: Salop

text: abbreviated

text: in

text: print

text: only

text: Shrops

text: demonym

text: Salopian

text: is

text: county

text: located

text: between

text: West

text: Midlands

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: It

text: borders

text: Powys

text: and

text: Wrexham

text: in

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: Cheshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Staffordshire

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Worcestershire

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: Herefordshire

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Shropshire

text: Council

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: unitary

text: authority

text: taking

text: over

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: county

text: council

text: and

text: five

text: district

text: councils

text: The

text: borough

text: of

text: Telford

text: and

text: Wrekin

text: has

text: been

text: separate

text: unitary

text: authority

text: since

text: but

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: Volcanism is the phenomenon of eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of the Earth or a solid-surface planet or moon, where lava, pyroclastics and volcanic gases erupt through a break in the surface called a vent. It includes all phenomena resulting from and causing magma within the crust or mantle of the body, to rise through the crust and form volcanic rocks on the surface.

text: Volcanism

text: is

text: the

text: phenomenon

text: of

text: eruption

text: of

text: molten

text: rock

text: magma

text: onto

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: or

text: solid

text: surface

text: planet

text: or

text: moon

text: where

text: lava

text: pyroclastics

text: and

text: volcanic

text: gases

text: erupt

text: through

text: break

text: in

text: the

text: surface

text: called

text: vent

text: It

text: includes

text: all

text: phenomena

text: resulting

text: from

text: and

text: causing

text: magma

text: within

text: the

text: crust

text: or

text: mantle

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: to

text: rise

text: through

text: the

text: crust

text: and

text: form

text: volcanic

text: rocks

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: Wrexham (; ) is a large town in north Wales, between the Welsh mountains and the lower Dee Valley alongside the border with England. In Wrexham County Borough, it is the largest town in north Wales and an administrative, commercial, retail and educational centre.

text: Wrexham

text: is

text: large

text: town

text: in

text: north

text: Wales

text: between

text: the

text: Welsh

text: mountains

text: and

text: the

text: lower

text: Dee

text: Valley

text: alongside

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: In

text: Wrexham

text: County

text: Borough

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: town

text: in

text: north

text: Wales

text: and

text: an

text: administrative

text: commercial

text: retail

text: and

text: educational

text: centre

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.2 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya. The Ordovician, named after the Celtic tribe of the Ordovices, was defined by Charles Lapworth in 1879 to resolve a dispute between followers of Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison, who were placing the same rock beds in northern Wales into the Cambrian and Silurian periods, respectively. Lapworth, recognized that the fossil fauna in the disputed strata were different from those of either the Cambrian or the Silurian periods, and placed them in a period of their own. It received international sanction in 1960, when it was adopted as an official period of the Paleozoic Era by the International Geological Congress.

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: six

text: periods

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Silurian

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Celtic

text: tribe

text: of

text: the

text: Ordovices

text: was

text: defined

text: by

text: Charles

text: Lapworth

text: in

text: to

text: resolve

text: dispute

text: between

text: followers

text: of

text: Adam

text: Sedgwick

text: and

text: Roderick

text: Murchison

text: who

text: were

text: placing

text: the

text: same

text: rock

text: beds

text: in

text: northern

text: Wales

text: into

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: and

text: Silurian

text: periods

text: respectively

text: Lapworth

text: recognized

text: that

text: the

text: fossil

text: fauna

text: in

text: the

text: disputed

text: strata

text: were

text: different

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: either

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: or

text: the

text: Silurian

text: periods

text: and

text: placed

text: them

text: in

text: period

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: It

text: received

text: international

text: sanction

text: in

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: adopted

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Geological

text: Congress

text: Mid Wales (or simply "Y Canolbarth" "The Midlands") is the name given to the central region of Wales. The Mid Wales Regional Committee of the National Assembly for Wales covered the counties of Ceredigion and Powys and the area of Gwynedd that had previously been the district of Meirionydd. A similar definition is used by the BBC. The Wales Spatial Plan defines a region known as "Central Wales" which covers Ceredigion and Powys. If Mid Wales is classed as Ceredigion and Powys, the area would be 6,962 square kilometres (about the size of Cumbria).

text: Mid

text: Wales

text: or

text: simply

text: Canolbarth

text: The

text: Midlands

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: central

text: region

text: of

text: Wales

text: The

text: Mid

text: Wales

text: Regional

text: Committee

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: for

text: Wales

text: covered

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Ceredigion

text: and

text: Powys

text: and

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Gwynedd

text: that

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Meirionydd

text: similar

text: definition

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: BBC

text: The

text: Wales

text: Spatial

text: Plan

text: defines

text: region

text: known

text: as

text: Central

text: Wales

text: which

text: covers

text: Ceredigion

text: and

text: Powys

text: If

text: Mid

text: Wales

text: is

text: classed

text: as

text: Ceredigion

text: and

text: Powys

text: the

text: area

text: would

text: be

text: square

text: kilometres

text: about

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: Cumbria

text: A mountain range (also mountain barrier, belt, or system) is a geographic area containing numerous geologically related mountains. A mountain system or system of mountain ranges, sometimes is used to combine several geological features that are geographically (regionally) related. On Earth, most significant mountain ranges are the result of plate tectonics, though mountain ranges are formed by a range of processes, are found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets.

text: mountain

text: range

text: also

text: mountain

text: barrier

text: belt

text: or

text: system

text: is

text: geographic

text: area

text: containing

text: numerous

text: geologically

text: related

text: mountains

text: mountain

text: system

text: or

text: system

text: of

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: sometimes

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: combine

text: several

text: geological

text: features

text: that

text: are

text: geographically

text: regionally

text: related

text: On

text: Earth

text: most

text: significant

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: are

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: plate

text: tectonics

text: though

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: are

text: formed

text: by

text: range

text: of

text: processes

text: are

text: found

text: on

text: many

text: planetary

text: mass

text: objects

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: and

text: are

text: likely

text: feature

text: of

text: most

text: terrestrial

text: planets

text: Colwyn Bay is a town, community and seaside resort in Conwy County Borough on the north coast of Wales overlooking the Irish Sea. Eight neighbouring communities are incorporated within its postal district. Established as its own separate parish in 1844 with just a small grouping of homes and farms where the community of Old Colwyn stands today, Colwyn Bay has expanded to become the second-largest community and business centre in the north of Wales as well as the 15th largest in the whole of Wales with the urban statistical area having a population of 31,353 at the 2011 census. (Including Old Colwyn, Rhos-on-Sea, Mochdre and Llysfaen communities]. Locally nicknamed "The Bay".

text: Colwyn

text: Bay

text: is

text: town

text: community

text: and

text: seaside

text: resort

text: in

text: Conwy

text: County

text: Borough

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: of

text: Wales

text: overlooking

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: Eight

text: neighbouring

text: communities

text: are

text: incorporated

text: within

text: its

text: postal

text: district

text: Established

text: as

text: its

text: own

text: separate

text: parish

text: in

text: with

text: just

text: small

text: grouping

text: of

text: homes

text: and

text: farms

text: where

text: the

text: community

text: of

text: Old

text: Colwyn

text: stands

text: today

text: Colwyn

text: Bay

text: has

text: expanded

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: community

text: and

text: business

text: centre

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Wales

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Wales

text: with

text: the

text: urban

text: statistical

text: area

text: having

text: population

text: of

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: Including

text: Old

text: Colwyn

text: Rhos

text: on

text: Sea

text: Mochdre

text: and

text: Llysfaen

text: communities

text: Locally

text: nicknamed

text: The

text: Bay

text: Llandudno is a seaside resort, town and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales, located on the Creuddyn peninsula, which protrudes into the Irish Sea. In the 2011 UK census, the community, which includes Penrhyn Bay and Penrhynside, had a population of 20,701. The town's name is derived from its patron saint, Saint Tudno.

text: Llandudno

text: is

text: seaside

text: resort

text: town

text: and

text: community

text: in

text: Conwy

text: County

text: Borough

text: Wales

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Creuddyn

text: peninsula

text: which

text: protrudes

text: into

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: census

text: the

text: community

text: which

text: includes

text: Penrhyn

text: Bay

text: and

text: Penrhynside

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: town

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: its

text: patron

text: saint

text: Saint

text: Tudno

text:
Rhyl is a seaside resort town and community in the historic county of Denbighshire, situated on the north east coast of Wales, at the mouth of the River Clwyd (Welsh: "Afon Clwyd"). To the west is the suburb of Kinmel Bay, with the resort of Towyn further west, Prestatyn to the east and Rhuddlan to the south. At the 2011 Census, Rhyl had a population of 25,149.
The conurbation of Abergele-Rhyl-Prestatyn has a population of over 60,000, with Rhyl-Kinmel Bay having 31,229 people.

text: Rhyl

text: is

text: seaside

text: resort

text: town

text: and

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: historic

text: county

text: of

text: Denbighshire

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: Wales

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Clwyd

text: Welsh

text: Afon

text: Clwyd

text: To

text: the

text: west

text: is

text: the

text: suburb

text: of

text: Kinmel

text: Bay

text: with

text: the

text: resort

text: of

text: Towyn

text: further

text: west

text: Prestatyn

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Rhuddlan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: At

text: the

text: Census

text: Rhyl

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: conurbation

text: of

text: Abergele

text: Rhyl

text: Prestatyn

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: with

text: Rhyl

text: Kinmel

text: Bay

text: having

text: people

text: A landform is a natural feature of the solid surface of the Earth or other planetary body. Landforms together make up a given terrain, and their arrangement in the landscape is known as topography. Typical landforms include hills, mountains, plateaus, canyons, valleys, as well as shoreline features such as bays, peninsulas, and seas, including submerged features such as mid-ocean ridges, volcanoes, and the great ocean basins.

text: landform

text: is

text: natural

text: feature

text: of

text: the

text: solid

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: or

text: other

text: planetary

text: body

text: Landforms

text: together

text: make

text: up

text: given

text: terrain

text: and

text: their

text: arrangement

text: in

text: the

text: landscape

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: topography

text: Typical

text: landforms

text: include

text: hills

text: mountains

text: plateaus

text: canyons

text: valleys

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: shoreline

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: bays

text: peninsulas

text: and

text: seas

text: including

text: submerged

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: mid

text: ocean

text: ridges

text: volcanoes

text: and

text: the

text: great

text: ocean

text: basins

text: Gwynedd is an area in north-west Wales, named after the old Kingdom of Gwynedd. As a local government area, it is the second biggest in Wales in terms of geographical area and also one of the most sparsely populated. A majority of the population are Welsh-speaking. The name Gwynedd is also used for a preserved county, covering the two local government areas of Gwynedd and the Isle of Anglesey. Culturally and historically, the name can also be used for most of North Wales (for instance, the area covered by the Gwynedd Constabulary), roughly corresponding to the territory of the Kingdom of Gwynedd at its greatest extent. The current area is 2,548 square km (983.78 sq miles, slightly smaller than Luxembourg) with a population as measured in the 2011 Census of 121,874.

text: Gwynedd

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: in

text: north

text: west

text: Wales

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: old

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Gwynedd

text: As

text: local

text: government

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: biggest

text: in

text: Wales

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: geographical

text: area

text: and

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: are

text: Welsh

text: speaking

text: The

text: name

text: Gwynedd

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: preserved

text: county

text: covering

text: the

text: two

text: local

text: government

text: areas

text: of

text: Gwynedd

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Anglesey

text: Culturally

text: and

text: historically

text: the

text: name

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: North

text: Wales

text: for

text: instance

text: the

text: area

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: Gwynedd

text: Constabulary

text: roughly

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Gwynedd

text: at

text: its

text: greatest

text: extent

text: The

text: current

text: area

text: is

text: square

text: km

text: sq

text: miles

text: slightly

text: smaller

text: than

text: Luxembourg

text: with

text: population

text: as

text: measured

text: in

text: the

text: Census

text: of

text: A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth. Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in huge mountain ranges.

text: mountain

text: is

text: large

text: landform

text: that

text: stretches

text: above

text: the

text: surrounding

text: land

text: in

text: limited

text: area

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: peak

text: mountain

text: is

text: generally

text: steeper

text: than

text: hill

text: Mountains

text: are

text: formed

text: through

text: tectonic

text: forces

text: or

text: volcanism

text: These

text: forces

text: can

text: locally

text: raise

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: earth

text: Mountains

text: erode

text: slowly

text: through

text: the

text: action

text: of

text: rivers

text: weather

text: conditions

text: and

text: glaciers

text: few

text: mountains

text: are

text: isolated

text: summits

text: but

text: most

text: occur

text: in

text: huge

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: Ceredigion is a county in Mid Wales. In the Middle Ages, it was a minor kingdom also known for a time as Seisyllwg. Following its Norman conquest, the name was anglicised to Cardigan and then Cardiganshire and it began to be administered as a county in 1282. The county had a population of 75,900 at the 2011 UK census. Its largest town, Aberystwyth, is one of the two administrative centres; the other being Aberaeron. Aberystwyth houses Aberystwyth University, Bronglais Hospital and the National Library of Wales. The inland town of Lampeter houses part of the University of Wales Trinity Saint David. More than half the population speak the Welsh language and the county is considered a centre of Welsh culture.

text: Ceredigion

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: Mid

text: Wales

text: In

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: it

text: was

text: minor

text: kingdom

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: time

text: as

text: Seisyllwg

text: Following

text: its

text: Norman

text: conquest

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: anglicised

text: to

text: Cardigan

text: and

text: then

text: Cardiganshire

text: and

text: it

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: administered

text: as

text: county

text: in

text: The

text: county

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: at

text: the

text: UK

text: census

text: Its

text: largest

text: town

text: Aberystwyth

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: administrative

text: centres

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: Aberaeron

text: Aberystwyth

text: houses

text: Aberystwyth

text: University

text: Bronglais

text: Hospital

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Library

text: of

text: Wales

text: The

text: inland

text: town

text: of

text: Lampeter

text: houses

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Wales

text: Trinity

text: Saint

text: David

text: More

text: than

text: half

text: the

text: population

text: speak

text: the

text: Welsh

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: is

text: considered

text: centre

text: of

text: Welsh

text: culture

text: A glacier (or ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.

text: glacier

text: or

text: is

text: persistent

text: body

text: of

text: dense

text: ice

text: that

text: is

text: constantly

text: moving

text: under

text: its

text: own

text: weight

text: it

text: forms

text: where

text: the

text: accumulation

text: of

text: snow

text: exceeds

text: its

text: ablation

text: melting

text: and

text: sublimation

text: over

text: many

text: years

text: often

text: centuries

text: Glaciers

text: slowly

text: deform

text: and

text: flow

text: due

text: to

text: stresses

text: induced

text: by

text: their

text: weight

text: creating

text: crevasses

text: seracs

text: and

text: other

text: distinguishing

text: features

text: They

text: also

text: abrade

text: rock

text: and

text: debris

text: from

text: their

text: substrate

text: to

text: create

text: landforms

text: such

text: as

text: cirques

text: and

text: moraines

text: Glaciers

text: form

text: only

text: on

text: land

text: and

text: are

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: much

text: thinner

text: sea

text: ice

text: and

text: lake

text: ice

text: that

text: form

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: Cadair Idris or Cader Idris is a mountain in Gwynedd, Wales, which lies at the southern end of the Snowdonia National Park near the town of Dolgellau. The peak, which is one of the most popular in Wales for walkers and hikers, is composed largely of Ordovician igneous rocks, with classic glacial erosion features such as cwms, moraines, striated rocks, and roches moutonnées.

text: Cadair

text: Idris

text: or

text: Cader

text: Idris

text: is

text: mountain

text: in

text: Gwynedd

text: Wales

text: which

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Snowdonia

text: National

text: Park

text: near

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Dolgellau

text: The

text: peak

text: which

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: in

text: Wales

text: for

text: walkers

text: and

text: hikers

text: is

text: composed

text: largely

text: of

text: Ordovician

text: igneous

text: rocks

text: with

text: classic

text: glacial

text: erosion

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: cwms

text: moraines

text: striated

text: rocks

text: and

text: roches

text: moutonnées

text: Tarrenhendre is a mountain in Snowdonia , North Wales . It is one of the Marilyns in the Cadair Idris group . Lying to the south of Cadair Idris , it and its neighbour Tarren y Gesail form the bulk of the Tarren subgroup . The Tarrens rise from the south shore of the Tal - y - llyn Lake and end at the Dyfi estuary . The summit is heathery and boggy , and has a small cairn to mark the highest point . The views are extensive to the south and east , with Plynlimon and Cardigan Bay ahead , while the north views are dominated by Cadair Idris and Maesglase to the west . The Tarrens can be thought of as forgotten mountains of Snowdonia , overshadowed by the popularity of Cadair Idris , occupying the sleepy south - western frontier of the Snowdonia national park .

text: Tarrenhendre

text: is

text: mountain

text: in

text: Snowdonia

text: North

text: Wales

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Marilyns

text: in

text: the

text: Cadair

text: Idris

text: group

text: Lying

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Cadair

text: Idris

text: it

text: and

text: its

text: neighbour

text: Tarren

text: Gesail

text: form

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Tarren

text: subgroup

text: The

text: Tarrens

text: rise

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Tal

text: llyn

text: Lake

text: and

text: end

text: at

text: the

text: Dyfi

text: estuary

text: The

text: summit

text: is

text: heathery

text: and

text: boggy

text: and

text: has

text: small

text: cairn

text: to

text: mark

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: The

text: views

text: are

text: extensive

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: with

text: Plynlimon

text: and

text: Cardigan

text: Bay

text: ahead

text: while

text: the

text: north

text: views

text: are

text: dominated

text: by

text: Cadair

text: Idris

text: and

text: Maesglase

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Tarrens

text: can

text: be

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: forgotten

text: mountains

text: of

text: Snowdonia

text: overshadowed

text: by

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: Cadair

text: Idris

text: occupying

text: the

text: sleepy

text: south

text: western

text: frontier

text: of

text: the

text: Snowdonia

text: national

text: park

text: North Wales is the northernmost unofficial region of Wales. Retail, transport and educational infrastructure are centred on Wrexham, Rhyl, Colwyn Bay, Llandudno and Bangor. It is bordered to the south by the counties of Ceredigion and Powys in Mid Wales, and to the east by the counties of Shropshire in the West Midlands and Cheshire in North West England.

text: North

text: Wales

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: unofficial

text: region

text: of

text: Wales

text: Retail

text: transport

text: and

text: educational

text: infrastructure

text: are

text: centred

text: on

text: Wrexham

text: Rhyl

text: Colwyn

text: Bay

text: Llandudno

text: and

text: Bangor

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Ceredigion

text: and

text: Powys

text: in

text: Mid

text: Wales

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Shropshire

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Midlands

text: and

text: Cheshire

text: in

text: North

text: West

text: England

text: Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of . Wales has over of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.

text: Wales

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: had

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Wales

text: has

text: over

text: of

text: coastline

text: and

text: is

text: largely

text: mountainous

text: with

text: its

text: higher

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: central

text: areas

text: including

text: Snowdon

text: its

text: highest

text: summit

text: The

text: country

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: north

text: temperate

text: zone

text: and

text: has

text: changeable

text: maritime

text: climate

text: A moraine is any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris (soil and rock) that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions on Earth (i.e. a past glacial maximum), through geomorphological processes. Moraines are formed from debris previously carried along by a glacier and normally consist of somewhat rounded particles ranging in size from large boulders to minute glacial flour. Lateral moraines are formed at the side of the ice flow and terminal moraines at the foot, marking the maximum advance of the glacier. Other types of moraine include ground moraines, till-covered areas with irregular topography, and medial moraines which are formed where two glaciers meet.

text: moraine

text: is

text: any

text: glacially

text: formed

text: accumulation

text: of

text: unconsolidated

text: glacial

text: debris

text: soil

text: and

text: rock

text: that

text: occurs

text: in

text: both

text: currently

text: and

text: formerly

text: glaciated

text: regions

text: on

text: Earth

text: i.e.

text: past

text: glacial

text: maximum

text: through

text: geomorphological

text: processes

text: Moraines

text: are

text: formed

text: from

text: debris

text: previously

text: carried

text: along

text: by

text: glacier

text: and

text: normally

text: consist

text: of

text: somewhat

text: rounded

text: particles

text: ranging

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: large

text: boulders

text: to

text: minute

text: glacial

text: flour

text: Lateral

text: moraines

text: are

text: formed

text: at

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: ice

text: flow

text: and

text: terminal

text: moraines

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: marking

text: the

text: maximum

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: glacier

text: Other

text: types

text: of

text: moraine

text: include

text: ground

text: moraines

text: till

text: covered

text: areas

text: with

text: irregular

text: topography

text: and

text: medial

text: moraines

text: which

text: are

text: formed

text: where

text: two

text: glaciers

text: meet

text: Cheshire (or ; archaically the County Palatine of Chester; abbreviated Ches.) is a county in North West England, bordering Merseyside and Greater Manchester to the north, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire and Shropshire to the south and Wales to the west (bordering Wrexham and Flintshire). Cheshire's county town is Chester; the largest town is Warrington.

text: Cheshire

text: or

text: archaically

text: the

text: County

text: Palatine

text: of

text: Chester

text: abbreviated

text: Ches

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: North

text: West

text: England

text: bordering

text: Merseyside

text: and

text: Greater

text: Manchester

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Derbyshire

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Staffordshire

text: and

text: Shropshire

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: bordering

text: Wrexham

text: and

text: Flintshire

text: Cheshire

text: 's

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Chester

text: the

text: largest

text: town

text: is

text: Warrington

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity tarrenhendre

answer: gwynedd

text: gwynedd

text: gwynedd

text: gwynedd

text: gwynedd

text: gwynedd

text: gwynedd

text: gwynedd

text: gwynedd

text: gwynedd

text: gwynedd

text: gwynedd


text: Folk rock is a musical genre combining elements of folk music and rock music. In its earliest and narrowest sense, the term referred to a genre that arose in the United States and the United Kingdom around the mid-1960s. The genre was pioneered by the Los Angeles band the Byrds, who began playing traditional folk music and songs by Bob Dylan with rock instrumentation. The term "folk rock" was coined by the U.S. music press to describe the Byrds' music in June 1965, the month in which the band's debut album was issued.

text: Folk

text: rock

text: is

text: musical

text: genre

text: combining

text: elements

text: of

text: folk

text: music

text: and

text: rock

text: music

text: In

text: its

text: earliest

text: and

text: narrowest

text: sense

text: the

text: term

text: referred

text: to

text: genre

text: that

text: arose

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: around

text: the

text: The

text: genre

text: was

text: pioneered

text: by

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: band

text: the

text: Byrds

text: who

text: began

text: playing

text: traditional

text: folk

text: music

text: and

text: songs

text: by

text: Bob

text: Dylan

text: with

text: rock

text: instrumentation

text: The

text: term

text: folk

text: rock

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: music

text: press

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: Byrds

text: music

text: in

text: June

text: the

text: month

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: debut

text: album

text: was

text: issued

text: Punk rock (or simply "punk") is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid 1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as "proto-punk" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. Punk bands typically use short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels.

text: Punk

text: rock

text: or

text: simply

text: punk

text: is

text: rock

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: to

text: mid

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Australia

text: Rooted

text: in

text: garage

text: rock

text: and

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: proto

text: punk

text: music

text: punk

text: rock

text: bands

text: rejected

text: perceived

text: excesses

text: of

text: mainstream

text: rock

text: Punk

text: bands

text: typically

text: use

text: short

text: or

text: fast

text: paced

text: songs

text: with

text: hard

text: edged

text: melodies

text: and

text: singing

text: styles

text: stripped

text: down

text: instrumentation

text: and

text: often

text: political

text: anti

text: establishment

text: lyrics

text: Punk

text: embraces

text: DIY

text: ethic

text: many

text: bands

text: self

text: produce

text: recordings

text: and

text: distribute

text: them

text: through

text: informal

text: channels

text: Brian Ritchie ( born 21 November 1960 ) is the bass guitarist for the alternative rock band Violent Femmes . In addition to his bass playing , Ritchie is proficient at the shakuhachi , a Japanese bamboo flute . He acquired a Jun Shihan ( shakuhachi teaching license ) in March 2003 from James Nyoraku Schlefer , and his professional name is `` Tairaku '' ( `` big music '' in Japanese ) . Since 1998 , he has collaborated with American shakuhachi maker Ken LaCosse developing a wide bore style of shakuhachi called Taimu . In 2007 Ritchie produced and toured with the Italian punk / folk band The Zen Circus , which subsequently changed its name to The Zen Circus And Brian Ritchie . The first international album of the band , Villa Inferno was released in 2008 for the Italian record label Unhip Records . In 2008 , Ritchie and his wife , Dr Varuni Kulasekera , moved to Hobart , Tasmania , Australia , where he has guested in a band called The Green Mist . Brian Ritchie does most of his work in DV ( David Vartanian ) Studios . On Australia Day 2012 , Ritchie and his wife were naturalised as Australian citizens . In 2009 he curated the first Mona Foma ( MoFo ) festival in Hobart , Tasmania . Since 2009 he has curated Mona Foma every year . At the 2012 MoFo , he organised an impromptu performance of the entire Violent Femmes first album by a ' super band ' consisting of musicians playing at MoFo : the Dresden Dolls ( Amanda Palmer , vocals , and Brian Viglione , drums ) , two musicians touring with PJ Harvey 's band ( Mick Harvey , guitar , and John Parish ) and with Brian Ritchie himself on bass guitar , vibraphone . In 2010 he toured as bassist with the Australian surf instrumental band called The Break , composed of ex-Midnight Oil members Rob Hirst , Jim Moginie and Martin Rotsey . Their debut album Church of the Open Sky was released on April 16 , 2010 on the independent label Bombora , distributed by MGM . In 2011 his home in Tasmania , designed by award winning architect Stuart Tanner , was featured in TV series ' Sandcastles '

text: Brian

text: Ritchie

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: the

text: bass

text: guitarist

text: for

text: the

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: Violent

text: Femmes

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: his

text: bass

text: playing

text: Ritchie

text: is

text: proficient

text: at

text: the

text: shakuhachi

text: Japanese

text: bamboo

text: flute

text: He

text: acquired

text: Jun

text: Shihan

text: shakuhachi

text: teaching

text: license

text: in

text: March

text: from

text: James

text: Nyoraku

text: Schlefer

text: and

text: his

text: professional

text: name

text: is

text: Tairaku

text: big

text: music

text: in

text: Japanese

text: Since

text: he

text: has

text: collaborated

text: with

text: American

text: shakuhachi

text: maker

text: Ken

text: LaCosse

text: developing

text: wide

text: bore

text: style

text: of

text: shakuhachi

text: called

text: Taimu

text: In

text: Ritchie

text: produced

text: and

text: toured

text: with

text: the

text: Italian

text: punk

text: folk

text: band

text: The

text: Zen

text: Circus

text: which

text: subsequently

text: changed

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: The

text: Zen

text: Circus

text: And

text: Brian

text: Ritchie

text: The

text: first

text: international

text: album

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: Villa

text: Inferno

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: Italian

text: record

text: label

text: Unhip

text: Records

text: In

text: Ritchie

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Dr

text: Varuni

text: Kulasekera

text: moved

text: to

text: Hobart

text: Tasmania

text: Australia

text: where

text: he

text: has

text: guested

text: in

text: band

text: called

text: The

text: Green

text: Mist

text: Brian

text: Ritchie

text: does

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: DV

text: David

text: Vartanian

text: Studios

text: On

text: Australia

text: Day

text: Ritchie

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: were

text: naturalised

text: as

text: Australian

text: citizens

text: In

text: he

text: curated

text: the

text: first

text: Mona

text: Foma

text: MoFo

text: festival

text: in

text: Hobart

text: Tasmania

text: Since

text: he

text: has

text: curated

text: Mona

text: Foma

text: every

text: year

text: At

text: the

text: MoFo

text: he

text: organised

text: an

text: impromptu

text: performance

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: Violent

text: Femmes

text: first

text: album

text: by

text: super

text: band

text: consisting

text: of

text: musicians

text: playing

text: at

text: MoFo

text: the

text: Dresden

text: Dolls

text: Amanda

text: Palmer

text: vocals

text: and

text: Brian

text: Viglione

text: drums

text: two

text: musicians

text: touring

text: with

text: PJ

text: Harvey

text: 's

text: band

text: Mick

text: Harvey

text: guitar

text: and

text: John

text: Parish

text: and

text: with

text: Brian

text: Ritchie

text: himself

text: on

text: bass

text: guitar

text: vibraphone

text: In

text: he

text: toured

text: as

text: bassist

text: with

text: the

text: Australian

text: surf

text: instrumental

text: band

text: called

text: The

text: Break

text: composed

text: of

text: ex

text: Midnight

text: Oil

text: members

text: Rob

text: Hirst

text: Jim

text: Moginie

text: and

text: Martin

text: Rotsey

text: Their

text: debut

text: album

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: Open

text: Sky

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: April

text: on

text: the

text: independent

text: label

text: Bombora

text: distributed

text: by

text: MGM

text: In

text: his

text: home

text: in

text: Tasmania

text: designed

text: by

text: award

text: winning

text: architect

text: Stuart

text: Tanner

text: was

text: featured

text: in

text: TV

text: series

text: Sandcastles

text: Tapping is a guitar playing technique, where a string is fretted and set into vibration as part of a single motion of being pushed onto the fretboard, as opposed to the standard technique being fretted with one hand and picked with the other. It is similar to the technique of hammer-ons and pull-offs, but used in an extended way compared to them: hammer-ons would be performed by only the fretting hand, and in conjunction with conventionally picked notes; whereas tapping passages involve both hands and consist of only tapped, hammered and pulled notes. Some players (such as Stanley Jordan) use exclusively tapping, and it is standard on some instruments, such as the Chapman Stick.

text: Tapping

text: is

text: guitar

text: playing

text: technique

text: where

text: string

text: is

text: fretted

text: and

text: set

text: into

text: vibration

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: single

text: motion

text: of

text: being

text: pushed

text: onto

text: the

text: fretboard

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: standard

text: technique

text: being

text: fretted

text: with

text: one

text: hand

text: and

text: picked

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: It

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: technique

text: of

text: hammer

text: ons

text: and

text: pull

text: offs

text: but

text: used

text: in

text: an

text: extended

text: way

text: compared

text: to

text: them

text: hammer

text: ons

text: would

text: be

text: performed

text: by

text: only

text: the

text: fretting

text: hand

text: and

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: conventionally

text: picked

text: notes

text: whereas

text: tapping

text: passages

text: involve

text: both

text: hands

text: and

text: consist

text: of

text: only

text: tapped

text: hammered

text: and

text: pulled

text: notes

text: Some

text: players

text: such

text: as

text: Stanley

text: Jordan

text: use

text: exclusively

text: tapping

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: standard

text: on

text: some

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Chapman

text: Stick

text: Gordon James Gano (born June 7, 1963) is an American musician. He is best known for being the singer, guitarist and songwriter of American alternative rock band Violent Femmes.

text: Gordon

text: James

text: Gano

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: singer

text: guitarist

text: and

text: songwriter

text: of

text: American

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: Violent

text: Femmes

text: Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous. The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, which is located on the western shore of Lake Michigan. The state is divided into 72 counties.

text: Wisconsin

text: is

text: U.S.

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: central

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: Midwest

text: and

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: regions

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Minnesota

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Iowa

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Illinois

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Michigan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Lake

text: Superior

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Wisconsin

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: state

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Madison

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Milwaukee

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: shore

text: of

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: counties

text: The bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass) is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick.

text: The

text: bass

text: guitar

text: also

text: called

text: electric

text: bass

text: or

text: simply

text: bass

text: is

text: stringed

text: instrument

text: played

text: primarily

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: or

text: thumb

text: by

text: plucking

text: slapping

text: popping

text: strumming

text: tapping

text: thumping

text: or

text: picking

text: with

text: plectrum

text: often

text: known

text: as

text: pick

text: Brian Viglione (born May 16, 1979 in Greenville, New Hampshire) is an American drummer best known for his work with The Dresden Dolls and Violent Femmes. He was also a prominent member of New York City's cabaret punk orchestra, The World/Inferno Friendship Society (having toured, written, and recorded with them in 20082009). Known for his energetic and expressive drumming style, Viglione has often aligned himself with groups who incorporate eclectic musical styles and theatrical elements. A multi-instrumentalist, Viglione also plays guitar, bass, percussion, and sings in several of his collaborations, as well as having done producing work. He starred in the American Repertory Theater's 2007 production of "The Onion Cellar" and performed in Addicted To Bad Ideas: Peter Lorre's 20th Century with The World/Inferno Friendship Society in 2008. Viglione also played drums on the Nine Inch Nails album "Ghosts I-IV" in 2008 on a drum kit he built on site out of scrap metal and found objects. In addition to his various recording and touring work, he also gives drumming workshops to help participants develop personal creativity on the instrument and has lectured at Harvard University, RISD, The Boston Day and Evening Academy, as well as other schools around the northeastern US.

text: Brian

text: Viglione

text: born

text: May

text: in

text: Greenville

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: drummer

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: with

text: The

text: Dresden

text: Dolls

text: and

text: Violent

text: Femmes

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: prominent

text: member

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: cabaret

text: punk

text: orchestra

text: The

text: World

text: Inferno

text: Friendship

text: Society

text: having

text: toured

text: written

text: and

text: recorded

text: with

text: them

text: in

text: Known

text: for

text: his

text: energetic

text: and

text: expressive

text: drumming

text: style

text: Viglione

text: has

text: often

text: aligned

text: himself

text: with

text: groups

text: who

text: incorporate

text: eclectic

text: musical

text: styles

text: and

text: theatrical

text: elements

text: multi

text: instrumentalist

text: Viglione

text: also

text: plays

text: guitar

text: bass

text: percussion

text: and

text: sings

text: in

text: several

text: of

text: his

text: collaborations

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: having

text: done

text: producing

text: work

text: He

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Repertory

text: Theater

text: 's

text: production

text: of

text: The

text: Onion

text: Cellar

text: and

text: performed

text: in

text: Addicted

text: To

text: Bad

text: Ideas

text: Peter

text: Lorre

text: 's

text: Century

text: with

text: The

text: World

text: Inferno

text: Friendship

text: Society

text: in

text: Viglione

text: also

text: played

text: drums

text: on

text: the

text: Nine

text: Inch

text: Nails

text: album

text: Ghosts

text: IV

text: in

text: on

text: drum

text: kit

text: he

text: built

text: on

text: site

text: out

text: of

text: scrap

text: metal

text: and

text: found

text: objects

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: his

text: various

text: recording

text: and

text: touring

text: work

text: he

text: also

text: gives

text: drumming

text: workshops

text: to

text: help

text: participants

text: develop

text: personal

text: creativity

text: on

text: the

text: instrument

text: and

text: has

text: lectured

text: at

text: Harvard

text: University

text: RISD

text: The

text: Boston

text: Day

text: and

text: Evening

text: Academy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: schools

text: around

text: the

text: northeastern

text: US

text: Post-punk (originally "new musick") is a broad type of rock music that emerged from the punk movement of the 1970s, in which artists departed from punk rock's raw, accessible style to pursue a variety of avant-garde sensibilities. Attempting to break from rock tradition, post-punk artists experimented with sources such as electronic music, black dance music and the avant-garde, as well as novel recording technology and production techniques. The movement also saw the frequent intersection of music with art and politics, as artists incorporated ideas from sources such as modernist literature, critical theory, cinema, and performance art. Accompanying these musical developments were communities that produced independent record labels, visual art, multimedia performances and fanzines in conjunction with the music.

text: Post

text: punk

text: originally

text: new

text: musick

text: is

text: broad

text: type

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: that

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: punk

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: in

text: which

text: artists

text: departed

text: from

text: punk

text: rock

text: 's

text: raw

text: accessible

text: style

text: to

text: pursue

text: variety

text: of

text: avant

text: garde

text: sensibilities

text: Attempting

text: to

text: break

text: from

text: rock

text: tradition

text: post

text: punk

text: artists

text: experimented

text: with

text: sources

text: such

text: as

text: electronic

text: music

text: black

text: dance

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: avant

text: garde

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: novel

text: recording

text: technology

text: and

text: production

text: techniques

text: The

text: movement

text: also

text: saw

text: the

text: frequent

text: intersection

text: of

text: music

text: with

text: art

text: and

text: politics

text: as

text: artists

text: incorporated

text: ideas

text: from

text: sources

text: such

text: as

text: modernist

text: literature

text: critical

text: theory

text: cinema

text: and

text: performance

text: art

text: Accompanying

text: these

text: musical

text: developments

text: were

text: communities

text: that

text: produced

text: independent

text: record

text: labels

text: visual

text: art

text: multimedia

text: performances

text: and

text: fanzines

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: music

text: Independent music (often shortened to indie music or indie) is music produced independently from major commercial record labels or their subsidiaries, a process that may include an autonomous, do-it-yourself approach to recording and publishing. The term "indie" is sometimes also used to describe a genre (such as indie rock and indie pop); as a genre term, "indie" may include music that is not independently produced, and most independent music artists do not fall into a single, defined musical style or genre, and usually create music that can be categorized into other genres.

text: Independent

text: music

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: indie

text: music

text: or

text: indie

text: is

text: music

text: produced

text: independently

text: from

text: major

text: commercial

text: record

text: labels

text: or

text: their

text: subsidiaries

text: process

text: that

text: may

text: include

text: an

text: autonomous

text: do

text: it

text: yourself

text: approach

text: to

text: recording

text: and

text: publishing

text: The

text: term

text: indie

text: is

text: sometimes

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: genre

text: such

text: as

text: indie

text: rock

text: and

text: indie

text: pop

text: as

text: genre

text: term

text: indie

text: may

text: include

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: independently

text: produced

text: and

text: most

text: independent

text: music

text: artists

text: do

text: not

text: fall

text: into

text: single

text: defined

text: musical

text: style

text: or

text: genre

text: and

text: usually

text: create

text: music

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: categorized

text: into

text: other

text: genres

text: Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word "alternative" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream rock music. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or simply the independent, D.I.Y. ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music. At times, "alternative" has been used as a catch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, that is seen to be descended from punk rock (including some examples of punk itself, as well as new wave, and post-punk).

text: Alternative

text: rock

text: also

text: called

text: alternative

text: music

text: alt

text: rock

text: or

text: simply

text: alternative

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: that

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: independent

text: music

text: underground

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: became

text: widely

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: In

text: this

text: instance

text: the

text: word

text: alternative

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: genre

text: 's

text: distinction

text: from

text: mainstream

text: rock

text: music

text: The

text: term

text: 's

text: original

text: meaning

text: was

text: broader

text: referring

text: to

text: generation

text: of

text: musicians

text: unified

text: by

text: their

text: collective

text: debt

text: to

text: either

text: the

text: musical

text: style

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: independent

text: D.I.Y.

text: ethos

text: of

text: punk

text: rock

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: laid

text: the

text: groundwork

text: for

text: alternative

text: music

text: At

text: times

text: alternative

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: catch

text: all

text: description

text: for

text: music

text: from

text: underground

text: rock

text: artists

text: that

text: receives

text: mainstream

text: recognition

text: or

text: for

text: any

text: music

text: whether

text: rock

text: or

text: not

text: that

text: is

text: seen

text: to

text: be

text: descended

text: from

text: punk

text: rock

text: including

text: some

text: examples

text: of

text: punk

text: itself

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: new

text: wave

text: and

text: post

text: punk

text: Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.

text: Rock

text: music

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: that

text: originated

text: as

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: developed

text: into

text: range

text: of

text: different

text: styles

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: later

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: itself

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: blues

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: and

text: country

text: music

text: Rock

text: music

text: also

text: drew

text: strongly

text: on

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: electric

text: blues

text: and

text: folk

text: and

text: incorporated

text: influences

text: from

text: jazz

text: classical

text: and

text: other

text: musical

text: sources

text: Victor DeLorenzo (born October 25, 1954) is an American musician, actor and filmmaker best known as the drummer for the folk-punk band Violent Femmes.

text: Victor

text: DeLorenzo

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: actor

text: and

text: filmmaker

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: drummer

text: for

text: the

text: folk

text: punk

text: band

text: Violent

text: Femmes

text: Guy Hoffman (born May 20, 1954 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is a drummer and vocalist, formerly of such bands as Oil Tasters, BoDeans, Violent Femmes and Absinthe. He is a composer for such films as "Field Day" and a founding member of Radio Romeo.

text: Guy

text: Hoffman

text: born

text: May

text: in

text: Milwaukee

text: Wisconsin

text: is

text: drummer

text: and

text: vocalist

text: formerly

text: of

text: such

text: bands

text: as

text: Oil

text: Tasters

text: BoDeans

text: Violent

text: Femmes

text: and

text: Absinthe

text: He

text: is

text: composer

text: for

text: such

text: films

text: as

text: Field

text: Day

text: and

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: Radio

text: Romeo

text: Violent Femmes is an American folk rock band from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, initially active from 1980 to 1987 and again from 1988 to 2009. , the band is active again. The band has performed as a trio, including singer, guitarist and songwriter Gordon Gano, bassist Brian Ritchie, and four drummers: Victor DeLorenzo (19801993, 20022009 and 2013), Guy Hoffman (19932002), Brian Viglione (20132016), and John Sparrow (2016-present).

text: Violent

text: Femmes

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: folk

text: rock

text: band

text: from

text: Milwaukee

text: Wisconsin

text: initially

text: active

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: again

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: band

text: is

text: active

text: again

text: The

text: band

text: has

text: performed

text: as

text: trio

text: including

text: singer

text: guitarist

text: and

text: songwriter

text: Gordon

text: Gano

text: bassist

text: Brian

text: Ritchie

text: and

text: four

text: drummers

text: Victor

text: DeLorenzo

text: and

text: Guy

text: Hoffman

text: Brian

text: Viglione

text: and

text: John

text: Sparrow

text: Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigan's western shore. Milwaukee's estimated population in 2015 was 600,155. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the MilwaukeeRacineWaukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of as of 2014. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States.

text: Milwaukee

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Wisconsin

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Milwaukee

text: County

text: it

text: is

text: on

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: 's

text: western

text: shore

text: Milwaukee

text: 's

text: estimated

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: Milwaukee

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: economic

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: MilwaukeeRacineWaukesha

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: Ranked

text: by

text: estimated

text: population

text: Milwaukee

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

annotations: follows multiple

question: place_of_birth brian ritchie

answer: milwaukee

text: milwaukee

text: milwaukee

text: milwaukee

text: milwaukee

text: milwaukee

text: milwaukee

text: milwaukee

text: milwaukee