text: Istithmar World ("istithmar" is Arabic for "investment") is an investment firm based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). This company is a state-run business owned by Dubai World, a Dubai government-owned company, and was established in 2003. Originally known as "Istithmar," the company was renamed as "Istithmar World" in 2008.

text: Istithmar

text: World

text: istithmar

text: is

text: Arabic

text: for

text: investment

text: is

text: an

text: investment

text: firm

text: based

text: in

text: Dubai

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: UAE

text: This

text: company

text: is

text: state

text: run

text: business

text: owned

text: by

text: Dubai

text: World

text: Dubai

text: government

text: owned

text: company

text: and

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: Originally

text: known

text: as

text: Istithmar

text: the

text: company

text: was

text: renamed

text: as

text: Istithmar

text: World

text: in

text: Dubai World is an investment company that manages and supervises a portfolio of businesses and projects for the Government of Dubai across a wide range of industry segments and projects that promote Dubai as a hub for commerce and trading. As a subsidiary of Dubai Inc., it is the emirate's flag bearer in global investments and has a central role in the direction of Dubai's economy. Assets include DP World, which caused considerable controversy when trying to take over six US ports, and Nakheel, its property arm, which built The Palm Islands and The World developments, and Istithmar World, its investment company. It is chaired by Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum.

text: Dubai

text: World

text: is

text: an

text: investment

text: company

text: that

text: manages

text: and

text: supervises

text: portfolio

text: of

text: businesses

text: and

text: projects

text: for

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Dubai

text: across

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: industry

text: segments

text: and

text: projects

text: that

text: promote

text: Dubai

text: as

text: hub

text: for

text: commerce

text: and

text: trading

text: As

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Dubai

text: Inc.

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: emirate

text: 's

text: flag

text: bearer

text: in

text: global

text: investments

text: and

text: has

text: central

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: Dubai

text: 's

text: economy

text: Assets

text: include

text: DP

text: World

text: which

text: caused

text: considerable

text: controversy

text: when

text: trying

text: to

text: take

text: over

text: six

text: US

text: ports

text: and

text: Nakheel

text: its

text: property

text: arm

text: which

text: built

text: The

text: Palm

text: Islands

text: and

text: The

text: World

text: developments

text: and

text: Istithmar

text: World

text: its

text: investment

text: company

text: It

text: is

text: chaired

text: by

text: Ahmed

text: bin

text: Saeed

text: Al

text: Maktoum

text: An investment company is a company whose main business is holding and managing securities for investment purposes. Investment companies invest money on behalf of their clients who, in return, share in the profits and losses.

text: An

text: investment

text: company

text: is

text: company

text: whose

text: main

text: business

text: is

text: holding

text: and

text: managing

text: securities

text: for

text: investment

text: purposes

text: Investment

text: companies

text: invest

text: money

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: their

text: clients

text: who

text: in

text: return

text: share

text: in

text: the

text: profits

text: and

text: losses

text: Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum ( Arabic :       ) ( born 1 December 1958 ) is the president of the Department of Civil Aviation , CEO and chairman of The Emirates Group and Chairman of Dubai World .

text: Ahmed

text: bin

text: Saeed

text: Al

text: Maktoum

text: Arabic

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Civil

text: Aviation

text: CEO

text: and

text: chairman

text: of

text: The

text: Emirates

text: Group

text: and

text: Chairman

text: of

text: Dubai

text: World

text: The United Arab Emirates ('), sometimes simply called the Emirates (') or the UAE, is a federal absolute monarchy in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north. In 2013, the UAE's population was 9.2 million, of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates.

text: The

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: sometimes

text: simply

text: called

text: the

text: Emirates

text: or

text: the

text: UAE

text: is

text: federal

text: absolute

text: monarchy

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: at

text: the

text: southeast

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: on

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: bordering

text: Oman

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: sharing

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Qatar

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: In

text: the

text: UAE

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: million

text: of

text: which

text: million

text: are

text: Emirati

text: citizens

text: and

text: million

text: are

text: expatriates

text: Aviation is the practical aspect or art of aeronautics, being the design, development, production, operation and use of aircraft, especially heavier than air aircraft. The word "aviation" was coined by French writer and former naval officer Gabriel La Landelle in 1863, from the verb "avier" (synonymous flying), itself derived from the Latin word "avis" ("bird") and the suffix "-ation".

text: Aviation

text: is

text: the

text: practical

text: aspect

text: or

text: art

text: of

text: aeronautics

text: being

text: the

text: design

text: development

text: production

text: operation

text: and

text: use

text: of

text: aircraft

text: especially

text: heavier

text: than

text: air

text: aircraft

text: The

text: word

text: aviation

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: French

text: writer

text: and

text: former

text: naval

text: officer

text: Gabriel

text: La

text: Landelle

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: verb

text: avier

text: synonymous

text: flying

text: itself

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: avis

text: bird

text: and

text: the

text: suffix

text: -ation

text: The Emirates Group is a Dubai-based international aviation holding company headquartered in Garhoud, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, near Dubai International Airport. The Emirates Group comprises Dnata, an aviation services company providing ground handling services at 17 airports, and Emirates Airline, the largest airline in the Middle East. Emirates Airlines flies to over 140 destinations across 6 continents, operating a fleet of over 250 wide-bodied aircraft. The airline has 170 aircraft on order worth US$58 billion.

text: The

text: Emirates

text: Group

text: is

text: Dubai

text: based

text: international

text: aviation

text: holding

text: company

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Garhoud

text: Dubai

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: near

text: Dubai

text: International

text: Airport

text: The

text: Emirates

text: Group

text: comprises

text: Dnata

text: an

text: aviation

text: services

text: company

text: providing

text: ground

text: handling

text: services

text: at

text: airports

text: and

text: Emirates

text: Airline

text: the

text: largest

text: airline

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Emirates

text: Airlines

text: flies

text: to

text: over

text: destinations

text: across

text: continents

text: operating

text: fleet

text: of

text: over

text: wide

text: bodied

text: aircraft

text: The

text: airline

text: has

text: aircraft

text: on

text: order

text: worth

text: US$

text: billion

text: Dubai (; "") is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located on the southeast coast of the Persian Gulf and is the capital of the Emirate of Dubai, one of the seven emirates that make up the country. Abu Dhabi and Dubai are the only two emirates to have veto power over critical matters of national importance in the country's legislature. The city of Dubai is located on the emirate's northern coastline and heads up the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area. Dubai is to host World Expo 2020.

text: Dubai

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: UAE

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Emirate

text: of

text: Dubai

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: emirates

text: that

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: country

text: Abu

text: Dhabi

text: and

text: Dubai

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: two

text: emirates

text: to

text: have

text: veto

text: power

text: over

text: critical

text: matters

text: of

text: national

text: importance

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: legislature

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Dubai

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: emirate

text: 's

text: northern

text: coastline

text: and

text: heads

text: up

text: the

text: Dubai

text: Sharjah

text: Ajman

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: Dubai

text: is

text: to

text: host

text: World

text: Expo

text: Dubai International Airport is the primary airport serving Dubai, United Arab Emirates and is the world's busiest airport by international passenger traffic. It is also the 3rd busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic, the 6th busiest cargo airport in world, the busiest airport for Airbus A380 and Boeing 777 movements, and the busiest airport in the world operating with only two runways. In 2016, DXB handled 83.6 million passengers, 2.59 million tonnes of cargo and registered 418,220 aircraft movements.

text: Dubai

text: International

text: Airport

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: airport

text: serving

text: Dubai

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: airport

text: by

text: international

text: passenger

text: traffic

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: busiest

text: airport

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: passenger

text: traffic

text: the

text: busiest

text: cargo

text: airport

text: in

text: world

text: the

text: busiest

text: airport

text: for

text: Airbus

text: and

text: Boeing

text: movements

text: and

text: the

text: busiest

text: airport

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: operating

text: with

text: only

text: two

text: runways

text: In

text: DXB

text: handled

text: million

text: passengers

text: million

text: tonnes

text: of

text: cargo

text: and

text: registered

text: aircraft

text: movements

text: Dnata (styled as dnata, "Dubai National Air Transport Association") is one of the largest suppliers of combined air services in the world offering aircraft ground handling, cargo, travel, and flight catering services across five continents. With a global footprint of 37 countries, dnata employs over 20,000 employees for its operations worldwide.

text: Dnata

text: styled

text: as

text: dnata

text: Dubai

text: National

text: Air

text: Transport

text: Association

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: suppliers

text: of

text: combined

text: air

text: services

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: offering

text: aircraft

text: ground

text: handling

text: cargo

text: travel

text: and

text: flight

text: catering

text: services

text: across

text: five

text: continents

text: With

text: global

text: footprint

text: of

text: countries

text: dnata

text: employs

text: over

text: employees

text: for

text: its

text: operations

text: worldwide

annotations: likely multiple

question: place_of_birth ahmed bin saeed al maktoum

answer: abu dhabi

text: abu dhabi


text: Vicious Cycle is the twelfth studio album by Lynyrd Skynyrd , released in 2003 . It was the first album by the band following the death of original bassist Leon Wilkeson , the song Mad Hatter being a tribute in memory to him . He died during recording , but does appear on two songs , `` The Way '' and `` Lucky Man '' . This album is the first to feature Wilkeson 's replacement , Ean Evans , the first with Michael Cartellone on drums , and the last album that guitarist Hughie Thomasson played on before he died . It included the single `` Red , White & Blue '' which peaked at number 27 on the US Mainstream Rock charts . The CD booklet contains a recount by year of events in the band 's history since 1964 . In the album , Kid Rock features in the bonus track , a remake of `` Gim me Back My Bullets '' .

text: Vicious

text: Cycle

text: is

text: the

text: twelfth

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: Lynyrd

text: Skynyrd

text: released

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: album

text: by

text: the

text: band

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: original

text: bassist

text: Leon

text: Wilkeson

text: the

text: song

text: Mad

text: Hatter

text: being

text: tribute

text: in

text: memory

text: to

text: him

text: He

text: died

text: during

text: recording

text: but

text: does

text: appear

text: on

text: two

text: songs

text: The

text: Way

text: and

text: Lucky

text: Man

text: This

text: album

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: feature

text: Wilkeson

text: 's

text: replacement

text: Ean

text: Evans

text: the

text: first

text: with

text: Michael

text: Cartellone

text: on

text: drums

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: album

text: that

text: guitarist

text: Hughie

text: Thomasson

text: played

text: on

text: before

text: he

text: died

text: It

text: included

text: the

text: single

text: Red

text: White

text: Blue

text: which

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: on

text: the

text: US

text: Mainstream

text: Rock

text: charts

text: The

text: CD

text: booklet

text: contains

text: recount

text: by

text: year

text: of

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: history

text: since

text: In

text: the

text: album

text: Kid

text: Rock

text: features

text: in

text: the

text: bonus

text: track

text: remake

text: of

text: Gim

text: me

text: Back

text: My

text: Bullets

text: A guitarist (or a guitar player) is a person who plays the guitar. Guitarists may play a variety of guitar family instruments such as classical guitars, acoustic guitars, electric guitars, and bass guitars. Some guitarists accompany themselves on the guitar by singing or playing the harmonica.

text: guitarist

text: or

text: guitar

text: player

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: plays

text: the

text: guitar

text: Guitarists

text: may

text: play

text: variety

text: of

text: guitar

text: family

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: classical

text: guitars

text: acoustic

text: guitars

text: electric

text: guitars

text: and

text: bass

text: guitars

text: Some

text: guitarists

text: accompany

text: themselves

text: on

text: the

text: guitar

text: by

text: singing

text: or

text: playing

text: the

text: harmonica

text: Southern rock is a subgenre of rock music and a genre of Americana. It developed in the Southern United States from rock and roll, country music, and blues, and is focused generally on electric guitar and vocals. Although the origin of the term Southern rock is unknown, "many people feel that these important contributors to the development of rock and roll have been minimized in rock's history."

text: Southern

text: rock

text: is

text: subgenre

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: and

text: genre

text: of

text: Americana

text: It

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: country

text: music

text: and

text: blues

text: and

text: is

text: focused

text: generally

text: on

text: electric

text: guitar

text: and

text: vocals

text: Although

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Southern

text: rock

text: is

text: unknown

text: many

text: people

text: feel

text: that

text: these

text: important

text: contributors

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: have

text: been

text: minimized

text: in

text: rock

text: 's

text: history

text: "Free Bird", or "Freebird", is a power ballad performed by American rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd. The song was first featured on the band's debut album in 1973 and has been included on subsequent albums released by the band, including the previously unreleased, unfaded-ending version of the original recording (featured on "Skynyrd's Innyrds"). Amazon.com music reviewer Lorry Fleming calls it "the most-requested song in the history of rock music."

text: Free

text: Bird

text: or

text: Freebird

text: is

text: power

text: ballad

text: performed

text: by

text: American

text: rock

text: band

text: Lynyrd

text: Skynyrd

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: first

text: featured

text: on

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: debut

text: album

text: in

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: included

text: on

text: subsequent

text: albums

text: released

text: by

text: the

text: band

text: including

text: the

text: previously

text: unreleased

text: unfaded

text: ending

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: recording

text: featured

text: on

text: Skynyrd

text: 's

text: Innyrds

text: Amazon.com

text: music

text: reviewer

text: Lorry

text: Fleming

text: calls

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: requested

text: song

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: Lynyrd Skynyrd (pronounced ) is an American rock band best known for popularizing the Southern rock genre during the 1970s. Originally formed in 1964 as "My Backyard" in Jacksonville, Florida, the band was also known by names such as "The Noble Five" and "One Percent", before finally deciding on "Lynyrd Skynyrd" in 1969. The band gained worldwide recognition for its live performances and signature songs "Sweet Home Alabama" and "Free Bird". At the peak of their success, three members died in an airplane crash in 1977, putting an abrupt end to the band's most popular incarnation. The band has sold 28 million albums in the United States.

text: Lynyrd

text: Skynyrd

text: pronounced

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rock

text: band

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: popularizing

text: the

text: Southern

text: rock

text: genre

text: during

text: the

text: Originally

text: formed

text: in

text: as

text: My

text: Backyard

text: in

text: Jacksonville

text: Florida

text: the

text: band

text: was

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Noble

text: Five

text: and

text: One

text: Percent

text: before

text: finally

text: deciding

text: on

text: Lynyrd

text: Skynyrd

text: in

text: The

text: band

text: gained

text: worldwide

text: recognition

text: for

text: its

text: live

text: performances

text: and

text: signature

text: songs

text: Sweet

text: Home

text: Alabama

text: and

text: Free

text: Bird

text: At

text: the

text: peak

text: of

text: their

text: success

text: three

text: members

text: died

text: in

text: an

text: airplane

text: crash

text: in

text: putting

text: an

text: abrupt

text: end

text: to

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: most

text: popular

text: incarnation

text: The

text: band

text: has

text: sold

text: million

text: albums

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: "Sweet Home Alabama" is a song by Southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd that first appeared in 1974 on their second album, "Second Helping".

text: Sweet

text: Home

text: Alabama

text: is

text: song

text: by

text: Southern

text: rock

text: band

text: Lynyrd

text: Skynyrd

text: that

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: on

text: their

text: second

text: album

text: Second

text: Helping

text: Hugh Edward "Hughie" Thomasson Jr. (August 13, 1952  September 9, 2007) was an American guitarist and singer, best known as a founding member of Outlaws and as a guitarist for Lynyrd Skynyrd.

text: Hugh

text: Edward

text: Hughie

text: Thomasson

text: Jr.

text: August

text: September

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: guitarist

text: and

text: singer

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: Outlaws

text: and

text: as

text: guitarist

text: for

text: Lynyrd

text: Skynyrd

text: Michael Cartellone (born June 7, 1962) is an American musician and the current drummer of Lynyrd Skynyrd .

text: Michael

text: Cartellone

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: and

text: the

text: current

text: drummer

text: of

text: Lynyrd

text: Skynyrd

text: Leon Russell Wilkeson (April 2, 1952  July 27, 2001) was the bassist of Southern Rock Band Lynyrd Skynyrd from 1972 until his death in 2001.

text: Leon

text: Russell

text: Wilkeson

text: April

text: July

text: was

text: the

text: bassist

text: of

text: Southern

text: Rock

text: Band

text: Lynyrd

text: Skynyrd

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: Donald "Ean" Wayne Evans (September 16, 1960  May 6, 2009) was the bassist for Lynyrd Skynyrd from 2001 until his death. He joined the band following the death of Leon Wilkeson.

text: Donald

text: Ean

text: Wayne

text: Evans

text: September

text: May

text: was

text: the

text: bassist

text: for

text: Lynyrd

text: Skynyrd

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: He

text: joined

text: the

text: band

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Leon

text: Wilkeson

annotations: follows multiple

question: genre vicious cycle

answer: southern rock

text: southern rock

text: southern rock

text: southern rock

text: southern rock

text: southern rock


text: Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With a population of 159,994 it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, and one of the fastest growing and most ethnically diverse. The city is situated from London, from Bristol, from both Southampton and Birmingham and from Reading.

text: Oxford

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: region

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Oxfordshire

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: and

text: most

text: ethnically

text: diverse

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: situated

text: from

text: London

text: from

text: Bristol

text: from

text: both

text: Southampton

text: and

text: Birmingham

text: and

text: from

text: Reading

text: Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, CBE (5 June 1907  19 September 1995) was a German-born British physicist who had a major role in Britain's nuclear programme, and also had a role in many modern sciences. His obituary in "Physics Today" describes him as "a major player in the drama of the eruption of nuclear physics into world affairs...".

text: Sir

text: Rudolf

text: Ernst

text: Peierls

text: CBE

text: June

text: September

text: was

text: German

text: born

text: British

text: physicist

text: who

text: had

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: Britain

text: 's

text: nuclear

text: programme

text: and

text: also

text: had

text: role

text: in

text: many

text: modern

text: sciences

text: His

text: obituary

text: in

text: Physics

text: Today

text: describes

text: him

text: as

text: major

text: player

text: in

text: the

text: drama

text: of

text: the

text: eruption

text: of

text: nuclear

text: physics

text: into

text: world

text: affairs

text: In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts (lighter nuclei). The fission process often produces free neutrons and gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay.

text: In

text: nuclear

text: physics

text: and

text: nuclear

text: chemistry

text: nuclear

text: fission

text: is

text: either

text: nuclear

text: reaction

text: or

text: radioactive

text: decay

text: process

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: nucleus

text: of

text: an

text: atom

text: splits

text: into

text: smaller

text: parts

text: lighter

text: nuclei

text: The

text: fission

text: process

text: often

text: produces

text: free

text: neutrons

text: and

text: gamma

text: photons

text: and

text: releases

text: very

text: large

text: amount

text: of

text: energy

text: even

text: by

text: the

text: energetic

text: standards

text: of

text: radioactive

text: decay

text: County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland), to refer to a borough or a city independent of county council control. They were abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales, but continue in use for lieutenancy and shrievalty in Northern Ireland. In the Republic of Ireland they remain in existence but have been renamed "cities" under the provisions of the Local Government Act 2001. The Local Government (Wales) Act 1994 re-introduced the term for certain "principal areas" in Wales. Scotland did not have county boroughs but instead counties of cities. These were abolished on 16 May 1975. All four Scottish cities of the time  Aberdeen, Dundee, Edinburgh, and Glasgow  were included in this category. There was an additional category of large burgh in the Scottish system, which were responsible for all services apart from police, education and fire.

text: County

text: borough

text: is

text: term

text: introduced

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: excluding

text: Scotland

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: borough

text: or

text: city

text: independent

text: of

text: county

text: council

text: control

text: They

text: were

text: abolished

text: by

text: the

text: Local

text: Government

text: Act

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: but

text: continue

text: in

text: use

text: for

text: lieutenancy

text: and

text: shrievalty

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: In

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: they

text: remain

text: in

text: existence

text: but

text: have

text: been

text: renamed

text: cities

text: under

text: the

text: provisions

text: of

text: the

text: Local

text: Government

text: Act

text: The

text: Local

text: Government

text: Wales

text: Act

text: re

text: introduced

text: the

text: term

text: for

text: certain

text: principal

text: areas

text: in

text: Wales

text: Scotland

text: did

text: not

text: have

text: county

text: boroughs

text: but

text: instead

text: counties

text: of

text: cities

text: These

text: were

text: abolished

text: on

text: May

text: All

text: four

text: Scottish

text: cities

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: Aberdeen

text: Dundee

text: Edinburgh

text: and

text: Glasgow

text: were

text: included

text: in

text: this

text: category

text: There

text: was

text: an

text: additional

text: category

text: of

text: large

text: burgh

text: in

text: the

text: Scottish

text: system

text: which

text: were

text: responsible

text: for

text: all

text: services

text: apart

text: from

text: police

text: education

text: and

text: fire

text: Sustainable energy is energy that is consumed at insignificant rates compared to its supply and with manageable collateral effects, especially environmental effects. Another common definition of sustainable energy is an energy system that serves the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.The organizing principle for sustainability is sustainable development, which includes the four interconnected domains: ecology, economics, politics and culture. Sustainability science is the study of sustainable development and environmental science.

text: Sustainable

text: energy

text: is

text: energy

text: that

text: is

text: consumed

text: at

text: insignificant

text: rates

text: compared

text: to

text: its

text: supply

text: and

text: with

text: manageable

text: collateral

text: effects

text: especially

text: environmental

text: effects

text: Another

text: common

text: definition

text: of

text: sustainable

text: energy

text: is

text: an

text: energy

text: system

text: that

text: serves

text: the

text: needs

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: without

text: compromising

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: future

text: generations

text: to

text: meet

text: their

text: needs

text: The

text: organizing

text: principle

text: for

text: sustainability

text: is

text: sustainable

text: development

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: four

text: interconnected

text: domains

text: ecology

text: economics

text: politics

text: and

text: culture

text: Sustainability

text: science

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: sustainable

text: development

text: and

text: environmental

text: science

text: South East England is the most populous of the nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It consists of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex. As with the other regions of England, apart from Greater London, the south east has no elected government.

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: official

text: regions

text: of

text: England

text: at

text: the

text: first

text: level

text: of

text: NUTS

text: for

text: statistical

text: purposes

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: Berkshire

text: Buckinghamshire

text: East

text: Sussex

text: Hampshire

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Kent

text: Oxfordshire

text: Surrey

text: and

text: West

text: Sussex

text: As

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: regions

text: of

text: England

text: apart

text: from

text: Greater

text: London

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: has

text: no

text: elected

text: government

text: A carbon footprint is historically defined as "the total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an <nowiki>[</nowiki>individual, event, organisation, product<nowiki>]</nowiki> expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent."

text: carbon

text: footprint

text: is

text: historically

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: total

text: set

text: of

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: emissions

text: caused

text: by

text: an

text: nowiki>[</nowiki

text: individual

text: event

text: organisation

text: product

text: nowiki>]</nowiki

text: expressed

text: as

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: equivalent

text: A physicist is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of physics, the exploration of the interactions of matter and energy across the physical universe.

text: physicist

text: is

text: scientist

text: who

text: has

text: specialized

text: knowledge

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: physics

text: the

text: exploration

text: of

text: the

text: interactions

text: of

text: matter

text: and

text: energy

text: across

text: the

text: physical

text: universe

text: A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town in general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.

text: city

text: is

text: large

text: and

text: permanent

text: human

text: settlement

text: Although

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: agreement

text: on

text: how

text: city

text: is

text: distinguished

text: from

text: town

text: in

text: general

text: English

text: language

text: meanings

text: many

text: cities

text: have

text: particular

text: administrative

text: legal

text: or

text: historical

text: status

text: based

text: on

text: local

text: law

text: Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for ) and atomic number 50, is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains tin dioxide, SnO. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both of its neighbors in group 14, germanium and lead, and has two main oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has, with 10 stable isotopes, the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table, thanks to its magic number of protons. It has two main allotropes: at room temperature, the stable allotrope is -tin, a silvery-white, malleable metal, but at low temperatures it transforms into the less dense grey -tin, which has the diamond cubic structure. Metallic tin is not easily oxidized in air.

text: Tin

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: the

text: symbol

text: Sn

text: for

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: is

text: post

text: transition

text: metal

text: in

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: It

text: is

text: obtained

text: chiefly

text: from

text: the

text: mineral

text: cassiterite

text: which

text: contains

text: tin

text: dioxide

text: SnO.

text: Tin

text: shows

text: chemical

text: similarity

text: to

text: both

text: of

text: its

text: neighbors

text: in

text: group

text: germanium

text: and

text: lead

text: and

text: has

text: two

text: main

text: oxidation

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: slightly

text: more

text: stable

text: Tin

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: abundant

text: element

text: and

text: has

text: with

text: stable

text: isotopes

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: stable

text: isotopes

text: in

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: thanks

text: to

text: its

text: magic

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: It

text: has

text: two

text: main

text: allotropes

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: the

text: stable

text: allotrope

text: is

text: -tin

text: silvery

text: white

text: malleable

text: metal

text: but

text: at

text: low

text: temperatures

text: it

text: transforms

text: into

text: the

text: less

text: dense

text: grey

text: -tin

text: which

text: has

text: the

text: diamond

text: cubic

text: structure

text: Metallic

text: tin

text: is

text: not

text: easily

text: oxidized

text: in

text: air

text: An emission intensity is the average emission rate of a given pollutant from a given source relative to the intensity of a specific activity; for example grams of carbon dioxide released per megajoule of energy produced, or the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions produced to gross domestic product (GDP). Emission intensities are used to derive estimates of air pollutant or greenhouse gas emissions based on the amount of fuel combusted, the number of animals in animal husbandry, on industrial production levels, distances traveled or similar activity data. Emission intensities may also be used to compare the environmental impact of different fuels or activities. The related terms emission factor and carbon intensity are often used interchangeably, but "factors" exclude aggregate activities such as GDP, and "carbon" excludes other pollutants. One commonly used figure is carbon intensity per kilowatt-hour, or CIPK, which is used to compare different sources of electrical power.

text: An

text: emission

text: intensity

text: is

text: the

text: average

text: emission

text: rate

text: of

text: given

text: pollutant

text: from

text: given

text: source

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: intensity

text: of

text: specific

text: activity

text: for

text: example

text: grams

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: released

text: per

text: megajoule

text: of

text: energy

text: produced

text: or

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: emissions

text: produced

text: to

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: GDP

text: Emission

text: intensities

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: derive

text: estimates

text: of

text: air

text: pollutant

text: or

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: emissions

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: fuel

text: combusted

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: animals

text: in

text: animal

text: husbandry

text: on

text: industrial

text: production

text: levels

text: distances

text: traveled

text: or

text: similar

text: activity

text: data

text: Emission

text: intensities

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: compare

text: the

text: environmental

text: impact

text: of

text: different

text: fuels

text: or

text: activities

text: The

text: related

text: terms

text: emission

text: factor

text: and

text: carbon

text: intensity

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: but

text: factors

text: exclude

text: aggregate

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: GDP

text: and

text: carbon

text: excludes

text: other

text: pollutants

text: One

text: commonly

text: used

text: figure

text: is

text: carbon

text: intensity

text: per

text: kilowatt

text: hour

text: or

text: CIPK

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: compare

text: different

text: sources

text: of

text: electrical

text: power

text: The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number (number of protons), electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. This ordering shows "periodic trends", such as elements with similar behaviour in the same column. It also shows four rectangular blocks with some approximately similar chemical properties. In general, within one row (period) the elements are metals on the left, and non-metals on the right.

text: The

text: periodic

text: table

text: is

text: tabular

text: arrangement

text: of

text: the

text: chemical

text: elements

text: ordered

text: by

text: their

text: atomic

text: number

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: electron

text: configurations

text: and

text: recurring

text: chemical

text: properties

text: This

text: ordering

text: shows

text: periodic

text: trends

text: such

text: as

text: elements

text: with

text: similar

text: behaviour

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: column

text: It

text: also

text: shows

text: four

text: rectangular

text: blocks

text: with

text: some

text: approximately

text: similar

text: chemical

text: properties

text: In

text: general

text: within

text: one

text: row

text: period

text: the

text: elements

text: are

text: metals

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: and

text: non

text: metals

text: on

text: the

text: right

text: Gloucestershire (; abbreviated Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.

text: Gloucestershire

text: abbreviated

text: Glos

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: The

text: county

text: comprises

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Cotswold

text: Hills

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: flat

text: fertile

text: valley

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: and

text: the

text: entire

text: Forest

text: of

text: Dean

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes, in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French "conté" or "cunté" denoting a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a count (earl) or a viscount. The modern French is "comté", and its equivalents in other languages are "contea", "contado", "comtat", "condado", "Grafschaft", "graafschap", "Gau", etc. (cf. "conte", "comte", "conde", "Graf").

text: county

text: is

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: country

text: used

text: for

text: administrative

text: or

text: other

text: purposes

text: in

text: certain

text: modern

text: nations

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: French

text: conté

text: or

text: cunté

text: denoting

text: jurisdiction

text: under

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: count

text: earl

text: or

text: viscount

text: The

text: modern

text: French

text: is

text: comté

text: and

text: its

text: equivalents

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: are

text: contea

text: contado

text: comtat

text: condado

text: Grafschaft

text: graafschap

text: Gau

text: etc

text: cf

text: conte

text: comte

text: conde

text: Graf

text: Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of . Wales has over of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.

text: Wales

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: had

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Wales

text: has

text: over

text: of

text: coastline

text: and

text: is

text: largely

text: mountainous

text: with

text: its

text: higher

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: central

text: areas

text: including

text: Snowdon

text: its

text: highest

text: summit

text: The

text: country

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: north

text: temperate

text: zone

text: and

text: has

text: changeable

text: maritime

text: climate

text: Carbon dioxide equivalent (CDE) and equivalent carbon dioxide (e and eq) are two related but distinct measures for describing how much global warming a given type and amount of greenhouse gas may cause, using the functionally equivalent amount or concentration of carbon dioxide as the reference.

text: Carbon

text: dioxide

text: equivalent

text: CDE

text: and

text: equivalent

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: and

text: eq

text: are

text: two

text: related

text: but

text: distinct

text: measures

text: for

text: describing

text: how

text: much

text: global

text: warming

text: given

text: type

text: and

text: amount

text: of

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: may

text: cause

text: using

text: the

text: functionally

text: equivalent

text: amount

text: or

text: concentration

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: as

text: the

text: reference

text: Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing energy originating in ancient photosynthesis. The age of the organisms and their resulting fossil fuels is typically millions of years, and sometimes exceeds 650 million years. Fossil fuels contain high percentages of carbon and include petroleum, coal, and natural gas. Other commonly used derivatives include kerosene and propane. Fossil fuels range from volatile materials with low carbon:hydrogen ratios like methane, to liquids like petroleum, to nonvolatile materials composed of almost pure carbon, like anthracite coal. Methane can be found in hydrocarbon fields either alone, associated with oil, or in the form of methane clathrates.

text: Fossil

text: fuels

text: are

text: fuels

text: formed

text: by

text: natural

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: anaerobic

text: decomposition

text: of

text: buried

text: dead

text: organisms

text: containing

text: energy

text: originating

text: in

text: ancient

text: photosynthesis

text: The

text: age

text: of

text: the

text: organisms

text: and

text: their

text: resulting

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: is

text: typically

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: and

text: sometimes

text: exceeds

text: million

text: years

text: Fossil

text: fuels

text: contain

text: high

text: percentages

text: of

text: carbon

text: and

text: include

text: petroleum

text: coal

text: and

text: natural

text: gas

text: Other

text: commonly

text: used

text: derivatives

text: include

text: kerosene

text: and

text: propane

text: Fossil

text: fuels

text: range

text: from

text: volatile

text: materials

text: with

text: low

text: carbon

text: hydrogen

text: ratios

text: like

text: methane

text: to

text: liquids

text: like

text: petroleum

text: to

text: nonvolatile

text: materials

text: composed

text: of

text: almost

text: pure

text: carbon

text: like

text: anthracite

text: coal

text: Methane

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: hydrocarbon

text: fields

text: either

text: alone

text: associated

text: with

text: oil

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: methane

text: clathrates

text: The United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority is a UK government research organisation responsible for the development of nuclear fusion power. It is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Atomic

text: Energy

text: Authority

text: is

text: UK

text: government

text: research

text: organisation

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: nuclear

text: fusion

text: power

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: executive

text: non

text: departmental

text: public

text: body

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: for

text: Business

text: Innovation

text: and

text: Skills

text:
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific and intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments, dedicated to the task of providing the world with an objective, scientific view of climate change and its political and economic impacts. It was first established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and later endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly through Resolution 43/53. Membership of the IPCC is open to all members of the WMO and UNEP.
The IPCC produces reports that support the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is the main international treaty on climate change. The ultimate objective of the UNFCCC is to "stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic [i.e., human-induced] interference with the climate system". IPCC reports cover "the scientific, technical and socio-economic information relevant to understanding the scientific basis of risk of human-induced climate change, its potential impacts and options for adaptation and mitigation."

text: The

text: Intergovernmental

text: Panel

text: on

text: Climate

text: Change

text: IPCC

text: is

text: scientific

text: and

text: intergovernmental

text: body

text: under

text: the

text: auspices

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: set

text: up

text: at

text: the

text: request

text: of

text: member

text: governments

text: dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: task

text: of

text: providing

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: an

text: objective

text: scientific

text: view

text: of

text: climate

text: change

text: and

text: its

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: impacts

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: two

text: United

text: Nations

text: organizations

text: the

text: World

text: Meteorological

text: Organization

text: WMO

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Environment

text: Programme

text: UNEP

text: and

text: later

text: endorsed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: General

text: Assembly

text: through

text: Resolution

text: Membership

text: of

text: the

text: IPCC

text: is

text: open

text: to

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: WMO

text: and

text: UNEP

text: The

text: IPCC

text: produces

text: reports

text: that

text: support

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Framework

text: Convention

text: on

text: Climate

text: Change

text: UNFCCC

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: international

text: treaty

text: on

text: climate

text: change

text: The

text: ultimate

text: objective

text: of

text: the

text: UNFCCC

text: is

text: to

text: stabilize

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: concentrations

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: at

text: level

text: that

text: would

text: prevent

text: dangerous

text: anthropogenic

text: i.e.

text: human

text: induced

text: interference

text: with

text: the

text: climate

text: system

text: IPCC

text: reports

text: cover

text: the

text: scientific

text: technical

text: and

text: socio

text: economic

text: information

text: relevant

text: to

text: understanding

text: the

text: scientific

text: basis

text: of

text: risk

text: of

text: human

text: induced

text: climate

text: change

text: its

text: potential

text: impacts

text: and

text: options

text: for

text: adaptation

text: and

text: mitigation

text: Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions. The most commonly known application of nuclear physics is nuclear power generation, but the research has led to applications in many fields, including nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear weapons, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology.

text: Nuclear

text: physics

text: is

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: physics

text: that

text: studies

text: atomic

text: nuclei

text: and

text: their

text: constituents

text: and

text: interactions

text: The

text: most

text: commonly

text: known

text: application

text: of

text: nuclear

text: physics

text: is

text: nuclear

text: power

text: generation

text: but

text: the

text: research

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: applications

text: in

text: many

text: fields

text: including

text: nuclear

text: medicine

text: and

text: magnetic

text: resonance

text: imaging

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: ion

text: implantation

text: in

text: materials

text: engineering

text: and

text: radiocarbon

text: dating

text: in

text: geology

text: and

text: archaeology

text: Cardiff is the capital and largest city in Wales and the eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom. The city is the country's chief commercial centre, the base for most national cultural and sporting institutions, the Welsh national media, and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales. The unitary authority area's mid-2011 population was estimated to be 346,100, while the population of the Larger Urban Zone was estimated at 861,400 in 2009. The Cardiff metropolitan area makes up over a third of the total population of Wales, with a mid-2011 population estimate of about 1,100,000 people. Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 18.3 million visitors in 2010. In 2011, Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic's alternative tourist destinations.

text: Cardiff

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Wales

text: and

text: the

text: eleventh

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: chief

text: commercial

text: centre

text: the

text: base

text: for

text: most

text: national

text: cultural

text: and

text: sporting

text: institutions

text: the

text: Welsh

text: national

text: media

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: for

text: Wales

text: The

text: unitary

text: authority

text: area

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: while

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Larger

text: Urban

text: Zone

text: was

text: estimated

text: at

text: in

text: The

text: Cardiff

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: makes

text: up

text: over

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: Wales

text: with

text: population

text: estimate

text: of

text: about

text: people

text: Cardiff

text: is

text: significant

text: tourist

text: centre

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: visitor

text: destination

text: in

text: Wales

text: with

text: million

text: visitors

text: in

text: In

text: Cardiff

text: was

text: ranked

text: sixth

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: National

text: Geographic

text: 's

text: alternative

text: tourist

text: destinations

text: Physics Today is the membership magazine of the American Institute of Physics that was established in 1948. It is provided to the members of ten physics societies, including the American Physical Society. Although its content is scientifically rigorous and up to date, it is not a true scholarly journal in the sense of being a primary vehicle for communicating new results. Rather, it is more of a hybrid magazine that informs readers about important developments in the form of overview articles written by experts, shorter review articles written internally by staff, and also discusses the latest issues and events of importance to the science community such as science politics. The physics community's main vessel for new results are the "Physical Review" suite of scientific journals published by the American Physical Society and "Applied Physics Letters" published by the American Institute of Physics.

text: Physics

text: Today

text: is

text: the

text: membership

text: magazine

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Institute

text: of

text: Physics

text: that

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: provided

text: to

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: ten

text: physics

text: societies

text: including

text: the

text: American

text: Physical

text: Society

text: Although

text: its

text: content

text: is

text: scientifically

text: rigorous

text: and

text: up

text: to

text: date

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: true

text: scholarly

text: journal

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: being

text: primary

text: vehicle

text: for

text: communicating

text: new

text: results

text: Rather

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: of

text: hybrid

text: magazine

text: that

text: informs

text: readers

text: about

text: important

text: developments

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: overview

text: articles

text: written

text: by

text: experts

text: shorter

text: review

text: articles

text: written

text: internally

text: by

text: staff

text: and

text: also

text: discusses

text: the

text: latest

text: issues

text: and

text: events

text: of

text: importance

text: to

text: the

text: science

text: community

text: such

text: as

text: science

text: politics

text: The

text: physics

text: community

text: 's

text: main

text: vessel

text: for

text: new

text: results

text: are

text: the

text: Physical

text: Review

text: suite

text: of

text: scientific

text: journals

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Physical

text: Society

text: and

text: Applied

text: Physics

text: Letters

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Institute

text: of

text: Physics

text: In nuclear physics, nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons and/or protons). The difference in mass between the products and reactants is manifested as the release of large amounts of energy. This difference in mass arises due to the difference in atomic "binding energy" between the atomic nuclei before and after the reaction. Fusion is the process that powers active or "main sequence" stars, or other high magnitude stars.

text: In

text: nuclear

text: physics

text: nuclear

text: fusion

text: is

text: reaction

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: atomic

text: nuclei

text: come

text: close

text: enough

text: to

text: form

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: different

text: atomic

text: nuclei

text: and

text: subatomic

text: particles

text: neutrons

text: and/or

text: protons

text: The

text: difference

text: in

text: mass

text: between

text: the

text: products

text: and

text: reactants

text: is

text: manifested

text: as

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: large

text: amounts

text: of

text: energy

text: This

text: difference

text: in

text: mass

text: arises

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: difference

text: in

text: atomic

text: binding

text: energy

text: between

text: the

text: atomic

text: nuclei

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: reaction

text: Fusion

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: that

text: powers

text: active

text: or

text: main

text: sequence

text: stars

text: or

text: other

text: high

text: magnitude

text: stars

text: A greenhouse gas (abbrev. GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Without greenhouse gases, the average temperature of Earth's surface would be about , rather than the present average of . In the Solar System, the atmospheres of Venus, Mars and Titan also contain gases that cause a greenhouse effect.

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: abbrev

text: GHG

text: is

text: gas

text: in

text: an

text: atmosphere

text: that

text: absorbs

text: and

text: emits

text: radiation

text: within

text: the

text: thermal

text: infrared

text: range

text: This

text: process

text: is

text: the

text: fundamental

text: cause

text: of

text: the

text: greenhouse

text: effect

text: The

text: primary

text: greenhouse

text: gases

text: in

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: are

text: water

text: vapor

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: methane

text: nitrous

text: oxide

text: and

text: ozone

text: Without

text: greenhouse

text: gases

text: the

text: average

text: temperature

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: would

text: be

text: about

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: present

text: average

text: of

text: In

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: the

text: atmospheres

text: of

text: Venus

text: Mars

text: and

text: Titan

text: also

text: contain

text: gases

text: that

text: cause

text: greenhouse

text: effect

text: Oxfordshire (or ; abbreviated Oxon) is a county in South East England bordering on Warwickshire (to the north/north-west), Northamptonshire (to the north/north-east), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire (to the south-west) and Gloucestershire (to the west).

text: Oxfordshire

text: or

text: abbreviated

text: Oxon

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: bordering

text: on

text: Warwickshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: north

text: west

text: Northamptonshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: north

text: east

text: Buckinghamshire

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Berkshire

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Wiltshire

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: Gloucestershire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Fusion power is energy generated by nuclear fusion. Fusion reactions fuse two lighter atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. It is a major area of plasma physics research that attempts to harness such reactions as a source of large scale sustainable energy. Fusion reactions are how stars transmute matter into energy.

text: Fusion

text: power

text: is

text: energy

text: generated

text: by

text: nuclear

text: fusion

text: Fusion

text: reactions

text: fuse

text: two

text: lighter

text: atomic

text: nuclei

text: to

text: form

text: heavier

text: nucleus

text: It

text: is

text: major

text: area

text: of

text: plasma

text: physics

text: research

text: that

text: attempts

text: to

text: harness

text: such

text: reactions

text: as

text: source

text: of

text: large

text: scale

text: sustainable

text: energy

text: Fusion

text: reactions

text: are

text: how

text: stars

text: transmute

text: matter

text: into

text: energy

text: Rumney is a district and community in the east of the city of Cardiff, Wales. It lies east of the Rhymney River, and is historically part of Monmouthshire. On 1 April 1938 the Cardiff Extension Act 1937 incorporated it into the county borough of Cardiff, and thus it became associated with the geographical county of Glamorgan.

text: Rumney

text: is

text: district

text: and

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Cardiff

text: Wales

text: It

text: lies

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Rhymney

text: River

text: and

text: is

text: historically

text: part

text: of

text: Monmouthshire

text: On

text: April

text: the

text: Cardiff

text: Extension

text: Act

text: incorporated

text: it

text: into

text: the

text: county

text: borough

text: of

text: Cardiff

text: and

text: thus

text: it

text: became

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: geographical

text: county

text: of

text: Glamorgan

text: In thermodynamics, thermal energy refers to the internal energy present in a system due to its temperature. The concept is not well-defined or broadly accepted in physics or thermodynamics, because the internal energy can be changed without changing the temperature, and there is no way to distinguish which part of a system's internal energy is "thermal". "Thermal energy" is sometimes used loosely as a synonym for more rigorous thermodynamic quantities such as the (entire) internal energy of a system; or for heat or sensible heat which are defined as types of "transfer" of energy (just as work is another type of transfer of energy). Heat and work depend on the way in which an energy transfer occurred, whereas internal energy is a property of the state of a system and can thus be understood even without knowing how the energy got there.

text: In

text: thermodynamics

text: thermal

text: energy

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: internal

text: energy

text: present

text: in

text: system

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: temperature

text: The

text: concept

text: is

text: not

text: well

text: defined

text: or

text: broadly

text: accepted

text: in

text: physics

text: or

text: thermodynamics

text: because

text: the

text: internal

text: energy

text: can

text: be

text: changed

text: without

text: changing

text: the

text: temperature

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: way

text: to

text: distinguish

text: which

text: part

text: of

text: system

text: 's

text: internal

text: energy

text: is

text: thermal

text: Thermal

text: energy

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: loosely

text: as

text: synonym

text: for

text: more

text: rigorous

text: thermodynamic

text: quantities

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: entire

text: internal

text: energy

text: of

text: system

text: or

text: for

text: heat

text: or

text: sensible

text: heat

text: which

text: are

text: defined

text: as

text: types

text: of

text: transfer

text: of

text: energy

text: just

text: as

text: work

text: is

text: another

text: type

text: of

text: transfer

text: of

text: energy

text: Heat

text: and

text: work

text: depend

text: on

text: the

text: way

text: in

text: which

text: an

text: energy

text: transfer

text: occurred

text: whereas

text: internal

text: energy

text: is

text: property

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: system

text: and

text: can

text: thus

text: be

text: understood

text: even

text: without

text: knowing

text: how

text: the

text: energy

text: got

text: there

text: Walter Charles Marshall , Baron Marshall of Goring FRSCBE ( 5 March 1932 , Rumney , Cardiff -- 20 February 1996 , London ) son of Frank Marshall and Amy Pearson he studied mathematical physics at Birmingham University and gained a PhD there under Rudolf Peierls . In 1955 he married Ann Sheppard in Cardiff and had a son and daughter . He joined the Theoretical Physics Division at AERE Harwell in 1954 , succeeding Brian Flowers as Head of that Division in 1960 and becoming Director of AERE in 1968 ; he eventually was appointed Chairman of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority in 1981 . Appointed a Commander of the British Empire ( CBE ) in 1973 , he was Knighted in 1982 . As a champion of nuclear power , he was appointed , in 1983 , to be chairman of the Central Electricity Generating Board . For his success in keeping the country 's `` lights on '' during the protracted miners '' strike of 1984 - 5 , Mrs Thatcher rewarded him with a life peerage and he became Baron Marshall of Goring , of South Stoke in the County of Oxfordshire on 22 July 1985 . In 1989 , with the government 's plan to reorganise and privatise electricity generation , the position of Chairman of the CEGB disappeared . He was made Chairman of National Power which included a large number of the coal - and oil - fired power stations and all of the nuclear power stations . National Power was a division of the CEGB until it was privatised in 1990 . This was done as he had a close association with nuclear power , from the early years . But before the privatisation process was complete , the city was not happy with the nuclear component in National Power , and it was removed from the process and placed into another state - owned company ( only to be part privatised some 5 years later ) . It was as a result of this political decision that he resigned his post as Chairman of National Power . Marshall then entered into several jobs in the private sector connected with the nuclear industry and died in 1996 . As a scientist , Marshall was recognised as one of the leading theoreticians in the atomic properties of matter and characterised by his penetrating analytical powers . He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1971 . In 1977 he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences .

text: Walter

text: Charles

text: Marshall

text: Baron

text: Marshall

text: of

text: Goring

text: FRSCBE

text: March

text: Rumney

text: Cardiff

text: February

text: London

text: son

text: of

text: Frank

text: Marshall

text: and

text: Amy

text: Pearson

text: he

text: studied

text: mathematical

text: physics

text: at

text: Birmingham

text: University

text: and

text: gained

text: PhD

text: there

text: under

text: Rudolf

text: Peierls

text: In

text: he

text: married

text: Ann

text: Sheppard

text: in

text: Cardiff

text: and

text: had

text: son

text: and

text: daughter

text: He

text: joined

text: the

text: Theoretical

text: Physics

text: Division

text: at

text: AERE

text: Harwell

text: in

text: succeeding

text: Brian

text: Flowers

text: as

text: Head

text: of

text: that

text: Division

text: in

text: and

text: becoming

text: Director

text: of

text: AERE

text: in

text: he

text: eventually

text: was

text: appointed

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Atomic

text: Energy

text: Authority

text: in

text: Appointed

text: Commander

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: CBE

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: Knighted

text: in

text: As

text: champion

text: of

text: nuclear

text: power

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: in

text: to

text: be

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Electricity

text: Generating

text: Board

text: For

text: his

text: success

text: in

text: keeping

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: lights

text: on

text: during

text: the

text: protracted

text: miners

text: strike

text: of

text: Mrs

text: Thatcher

text: rewarded

text: him

text: with

text: life

text: peerage

text: and

text: he

text: became

text: Baron

text: Marshall

text: of

text: Goring

text: of

text: South

text: Stoke

text: in

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Oxfordshire

text: on

text: July

text: In

text: with

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: plan

text: to

text: reorganise

text: and

text: privatise

text: electricity

text: generation

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: CEGB

text: disappeared

text: He

text: was

text: made

text: Chairman

text: of

text: National

text: Power

text: which

text: included

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: coal

text: and

text: oil

text: fired

text: power

text: stations

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: nuclear

text: power

text: stations

text: National

text: Power

text: was

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: CEGB

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: privatised

text: in

text: This

text: was

text: done

text: as

text: he

text: had

text: close

text: association

text: with

text: nuclear

text: power

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: But

text: before

text: the

text: privatisation

text: process

text: was

text: complete

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: not

text: happy

text: with

text: the

text: nuclear

text: component

text: in

text: National

text: Power

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: removed

text: from

text: the

text: process

text: and

text: placed

text: into

text: another

text: state

text: owned

text: company

text: only

text: to

text: be

text: part

text: privatised

text: some

text: years

text: later

text: It

text: was

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: political

text: decision

text: that

text: he

text: resigned

text: his

text: post

text: as

text: Chairman

text: of

text: National

text: Power

text: Marshall

text: then

text: entered

text: into

text: several

text: jobs

text: in

text: the

text: private

text: sector

text: connected

text: with

text: the

text: nuclear

text: industry

text: and

text: died

text: in

text: As

text: scientist

text: Marshall

text: was

text: recognised

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: theoreticians

text: in

text: the

text: atomic

text: properties

text: of

text: matter

text: and

text: characterised

text: by

text: his

text: penetrating

text: analytical

text: powers

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: Fellow

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: in

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: elected

text: foreign

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Swedish

text: Academy

text: of

text: Engineering

text: Sciences

text: In the United Kingdom, non-departmental public body (NDPB) is a classification applied by the Cabinet Office, Treasury, the Scottish Government and the Northern Ireland Executive to quangos (quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisations). NDPBs are not an integral part of any government department and carry out their work at arm's length from ministers, although ministers are ultimately responsible to Parliament for the activities of bodies sponsored by their department.

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: non

text: departmental

text: public

text: body

text: NDPB

text: is

text: classification

text: applied

text: by

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: Office

text: Treasury

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Government

text: and

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Executive

text: to

text: quangos

text: quasi

text: autonomous

text: non

text: governmental

text: organisations

text: NDPBs

text: are

text: not

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: any

text: government

text: department

text: and

text: carry

text: out

text: their

text: work

text: at

text: arm

text: 's

text: length

text: from

text: ministers

text: although

text: ministers

text: are

text: ultimately

text: responsible

text: to

text: Parliament

text: for

text: the

text: activities

text: of

text: bodies

text: sponsored

text: by

text: their

text: department

text: The Department for Business, Innovation & Skills (BIS) was a ministerial department of the United Kingdom Government created on 5 June 2009 by the merger of the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (DIUS) and the Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR). It was disbanded on the creation of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy on 14 July 2016.

text: The

text: Department

text: for

text: Business

text: Innovation

text: Skills

text: BIS

text: was

text: ministerial

text: department

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Government

text: created

text: on

text: June

text: by

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: for

text: Innovation

text: Universities

text: and

text: Skills

text: DIUS

text: and

text: the

text: Department

text: for

text: Business

text: Enterprise

text: and

text: Regulatory

text: Reform

text: BERR

text: It

text: was

text: disbanded

text: on

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: for

text: Business

text: Energy

text: and

text: Industrial

text: Strategy

text: on

text: July

text: In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, a nuclear reaction is semantically considered to be the process in which two nuclei, or else a nucleus of an atom and a subatomic particle (such as a proton, neutron, or high energy electron) from outside the atom, collide to produce one or more nuclides that are different from the nuclide(s) that began the process. Thus, a nuclear reaction must cause a transformation of at least one nuclide to another. If a nucleus interacts with another nucleus or particle and they then separate without changing the nature of any nuclide, the process is simply referred to as a type of nuclear scattering, rather than a nuclear reaction.

text: In

text: nuclear

text: physics

text: and

text: nuclear

text: chemistry

text: nuclear

text: reaction

text: is

text: semantically

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: process

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: nuclei

text: or

text: else

text: nucleus

text: of

text: an

text: atom

text: and

text: subatomic

text: particle

text: such

text: as

text: proton

text: neutron

text: or

text: high

text: energy

text: electron

text: from

text: outside

text: the

text: atom

text: collide

text: to

text: produce

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: nuclides

text: that

text: are

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: nuclide(s

text: that

text: began

text: the

text: process

text: Thus

text: nuclear

text: reaction

text: must

text: cause

text: transformation

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: nuclide

text: to

text: another

text: If

text: nucleus

text: interacts

text: with

text: another

text: nucleus

text: or

text: particle

text: and

text: they

text: then

text: separate

text: without

text: changing

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: any

text: nuclide

text: the

text: process

text: is

text: simply

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: type

text: of

text: nuclear

text: scattering

text: rather

text: than

text: nuclear

text: reaction

text:
Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant. The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion. Presently, the nuclear fission of elements in the actinide series of the periodic table produce the vast majority of nuclear energy in the direct service of humankind, with nuclear decay processes, primarily in the form of geothermal energy, and radioisotope thermoelectric generators, in niche uses making up the rest.
Owing, fundamentally, to the delayed critical fission process, Fission-electric power stations are one of the leading low carbon power generation methods of producing electricity, and in terms of total life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of energy generated, has emission values lower than "renewable energy" when the latter is taken as a single energy source. Since all electricity supplying technologies use cement, etc., during construction, emissions are yet to be brought to zero. A 2014 analysis of the carbon footprint literature by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that the embodied total life-cycle emission intensity of fission electricity has a median value of 12 g eq/kWh which is the lowest out of all commercial baseload energy sources, and second lowest out of all commercial electricity technologies known, after wind power which is an Intermittent energy source with embodied greenhouse gas emissions, per unit of energy generated of 11 g eq/kWh. Each result is contrasted with coal & fossil gas at 820 and 490 g eq/kWh. With this translating into, from the beginning of Fission-electric power station commercialization in the 1970s, having prevented the emission of about 64 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, greenhouse gases that would have otherwise resulted from the burning of fossil fuels in thermal power stations.
There is a social debate about nuclear power. Proponents, such as the World Nuclear Association and Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy, contend that nuclear power is a safe, sustainable energy source that reduces carbon emissions. Opponents, such as Greenpeace International and NIRS, contend that nuclear power poses many threats to people and the environment.

text: Nuclear

text: power

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: nuclear

text: reactions

text: that

text: release

text: nuclear

text: energy

text: to

text: generate

text: heat

text: which

text: most

text: frequently

text: is

text: then

text: used

text: in

text: steam

text: turbines

text: to

text: produce

text: electricity

text: in

text: nuclear

text: power

text: plant

text: The

text: term

text: includes

text: nuclear

text: fission

text: nuclear

text: decay

text: and

text: nuclear

text: fusion

text: Presently

text: the

text: nuclear

text: fission

text: of

text: elements

text: in

text: the

text: actinide

text: series

text: of

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: produce

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: nuclear

text: energy

text: in

text: the

text: direct

text: service

text: of

text: humankind

text: with

text: nuclear

text: decay

text: processes

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: geothermal

text: energy

text: and

text: radioisotope

text: thermoelectric

text: generators

text: in

text: niche

text: uses

text: making

text: up

text: the

text: rest

text: Owing

text: fundamentally

text: to

text: the

text: delayed

text: critical

text: fission

text: process

text: Fission

text: electric

text: power

text: stations

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: low

text: carbon

text: power

text: generation

text: methods

text: of

text: producing

text: electricity

text: and

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: total

text: life

text: cycle

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: emissions

text: per

text: unit

text: of

text: energy

text: generated

text: has

text: emission

text: values

text: lower

text: than

text: renewable

text: energy

text: when

text: the

text: latter

text: is

text: taken

text: as

text: single

text: energy

text: source

text: Since

text: all

text: electricity

text: supplying

text: technologies

text: use

text: cement

text: etc

text: during

text: construction

text: emissions

text: are

text: yet

text: to

text: be

text: brought

text: to

text: zero

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: carbon

text: footprint

text: literature

text: by

text: the

text: Intergovernmental

text: Panel

text: on

text: Climate

text: Change

text: IPCC

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: embodied

text: total

text: life

text: cycle

text: emission

text: intensity

text: of

text: fission

text: electricity

text: has

text: median

text: value

text: of

text: eq

text: kWh

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: lowest

text: out

text: of

text: all

text: commercial

text: baseload

text: energy

text: sources

text: and

text: second

text: lowest

text: out

text: of

text: all

text: commercial

text: electricity

text: technologies

text: known

text: after

text: wind

text: power

text: which

text: is

text: an

text: Intermittent

text: energy

text: source

text: with

text: embodied

text: greenhouse

text: gas

text: emissions

text: per

text: unit

text: of

text: energy

text: generated

text: of

text: eq

text: kWh

text: Each

text: result

text: is

text: contrasted

text: with

text: coal

text: fossil

text: gas

text: at

text: and

text: eq

text: kWh

text: With

text: this

text: translating

text: into

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: Fission

text: electric

text: power

text: station

text: commercialization

text: in

text: the

text: having

text: prevented

text: the

text: emission

text: of

text: about

text: billion

text: tonnes

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: equivalent

text: greenhouse

text: gases

text: that

text: would

text: have

text: otherwise

text: resulted

text: from

text: the

text: burning

text: of

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: in

text: thermal

text: power

text: stations

text: There

text: is

text: social

text: debate

text: about

text: nuclear

text: power

text: Proponents

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: World

text: Nuclear

text: Association

text: and

text: Environmentalists

text: for

text: Nuclear

text: Energy

text: contend

text: that

text: nuclear

text: power

text: is

text: safe

text: sustainable

text: energy

text: source

text: that

text: reduces

text: carbon

text: emissions

text: Opponents

text: such

text: as

text: Greenpeace

text: International

text: and

text: NIRS

text: contend

text: that

text: nuclear

text: power

text: poses

text: many

text: threats

text: to

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: environment

annotations: follows single

question: occupation walter marshall

answer: physicist

text: physicist

text: physicist