text: The Northern Sonoma AVA is an American Viticultural Area in Sonoma County , California , USA . The appellation covers most of the county with the notable exceptions of the Los Carneros AVA and Sonoma Valley AVA wine regions , which are located in the southern portion of the county . The creation of this AVA was largely based on the petitioning of the E & J Gallo Winery as part of their expansion of their Gallo of Sonoma brand .

text: The

text: Northern

text: Sonoma

text: AVA

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: Viticultural

text: Area

text: in

text: Sonoma

text: County

text: California

text: USA

text: The

text: appellation

text: covers

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: with

text: the

text: notable

text: exceptions

text: of

text: the

text: Los

text: Carneros

text: AVA

text: and

text: Sonoma

text: Valley

text: AVA

text: wine

text: regions

text: which

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: The

text: creation

text: of

text: this

text: AVA

text: was

text: largely

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: petitioning

text: of

text: the

text: Gallo

text: Winery

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: expansion

text: of

text: their

text: Gallo

text: of

text: Sonoma

text: brand

text: An American Viticultural Area (AVA) is a designated wine grape-growing region in the United States distinguishable by geographic features, with boundaries defined by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) of the United States Department of the Treasury.

text: An

text: American

text: Viticultural

text: Area

text: AVA

text: is

text: designated

text: wine

text: grape

text: growing

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: distinguishable

text: by

text: geographic

text: features

text: with

text: boundaries

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Alcohol

text: and

text: Tobacco

text: Tax

text: and

text: Trade

text: Bureau

text: TTB

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Treasury

text: Pinot noir is a red wine grape variety of the species "Vitis vinifera". The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from Pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for "pine" and "black"; the "pine" alluding to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pine cone-shaped bunches of fruit.

text: Pinot

text: noir

text: is

text: red

text: wine

text: grape

text: variety

text: of

text: the

text: species

text: Vitis

text: vinifera

text: The

text: name

text: may

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: wines

text: created

text: predominantly

text: from

text: Pinot

text: noir

text: grapes

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: French

text: words

text: for

text: pine

text: and

text: black

text: the

text: pine

text: alluding

text: to

text: the

text: grape

text: variety

text: having

text: tightly

text: clustered

text: pine

text: cone

text: shaped

text: bunches

text: of

text: fruit

text: Los Carneros AVA (also known as Carneros AVA) is an American Viticultural Area which includes parts of both Sonoma and Napa counties in California, U.S.A.. It is located north of San Pablo Bay. The proximity to the cool fog and breezes from the bay makes the climate in Los Carneros cooler and more moderate than the wine regions further north in Napa Valley and Sonoma Valley. The cooler climate has made Los Carneros attractive for the cultivation of cooler climate varietals like Pinot noir and Chardonnay. Many of the grapes grown in Los Carneros are used for sparkling wine production. Receiving its AVA status in 1983, the Carneros area was the first wine region in California to be defined by its climate characteristics rather than political boundaries.

text: Los

text: Carneros

text: AVA

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Carneros

text: AVA

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: Viticultural

text: Area

text: which

text: includes

text: parts

text: of

text: both

text: Sonoma

text: and

text: Napa

text: counties

text: in

text: California

text: U.S.A

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: north

text: of

text: San

text: Pablo

text: Bay

text: The

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: cool

text: fog

text: and

text: breezes

text: from

text: the

text: bay

text: makes

text: the

text: climate

text: in

text: Los

text: Carneros

text: cooler

text: and

text: more

text: moderate

text: than

text: the

text: wine

text: regions

text: further

text: north

text: in

text: Napa

text: Valley

text: and

text: Sonoma

text: Valley

text: The

text: cooler

text: climate

text: has

text: made

text: Los

text: Carneros

text: attractive

text: for

text: the

text: cultivation

text: of

text: cooler

text: climate

text: varietals

text: like

text: Pinot

text: noir

text: and

text: Chardonnay

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: grapes

text: grown

text: in

text: Los

text: Carneros

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: sparkling

text: wine

text: production

text: Receiving

text: its

text: AVA

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: Carneros

text: area

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: wine

text: region

text: in

text: California

text: to

text: be

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: climate

text: characteristics

text: rather

text: than

text: political

text: boundaries

text: The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, statutorily named the Tax and Trade Bureau and frequently shortened to TTB, is a bureau of the United States Department of the Treasury.

text: The

text: Alcohol

text: and

text: Tobacco

text: Tax

text: and

text: Trade

text: Bureau

text: statutorily

text: named

text: the

text: Tax

text: and

text: Trade

text: Bureau

text: and

text: frequently

text: shortened

text: to

text: TTB

text: is

text: bureau

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Treasury

text: California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.

text: California

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: California

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Oregon

text: Nevada

text: and

text: Arizona

text: and

text: shares

text: an

text: international

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Mexican

text: state

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Sacramento

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: California

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: state

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: county

text: by

text: area

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: County

text: Chardonnay is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine. The variety originated in the Burgundy wine region of eastern France, but is now grown wherever wine is produced, from England to New Zealand. For new and developing wine regions, growing Chardonnay is seen as a "rite of passage" and an easy entry into the international wine market.

text: Chardonnay

text: is

text: green

text: skinned

text: grape

text: variety

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: white

text: wine

text: The

text: variety

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Burgundy

text: wine

text: region

text: of

text: eastern

text: France

text: but

text: is

text: now

text: grown

text: wherever

text: wine

text: is

text: produced

text: from

text: England

text: to

text: New

text: Zealand

text: For

text: new

text: and

text: developing

text: wine

text: regions

text: growing

text: Chardonnay

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: rite

text: of

text: passage

text: and

text: an

text: easy

text: entry

text: into

text: the

text: international

text: wine

text: market

text: Sonoma Valley is located in southeastern Sonoma County, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. Known as the birthplace of the California wine industry, the valley is home to some of the earliest vineyards and wineries in the state, some of which survived the phylloxera epidemic of the 1870s and the impact of prohibition in the early 20th century. Today, the valley's wines are protected by the US Federal Government's Sonoma Valley and Carneros AVAs (or American Viticultural Areas).

text: Sonoma

text: Valley

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Sonoma

text: County

text: California

text: in

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: Area

text: Known

text: as

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: the

text: California

text: wine

text: industry

text: the

text: valley

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: vineyards

text: and

text: wineries

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: survived

text: the

text: phylloxera

text: epidemic

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: prohibition

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Today

text: the

text: valley

text: 's

text: wines

text: are

text: protected

text: by

text: the

text: US

text: Federal

text: Government

text: 's

text: Sonoma

text: Valley

text: and

text: Carneros

text: AVAs

text: or

text: American

text: Viticultural

text: Areas

text: Sparkling wine is a wine (usually white) that becomes carbonated, either through fermentation or by addition of carbon dioxide. The oldest known production of sparkling wine took place in 1531 with the "ancestral method". Champagne is the most well-known variant, but there are other variations such as Spanish Cava, Italian Spumante, Crémant from France and Sekt from Germany.

text: Sparkling

text: wine

text: is

text: wine

text: usually

text: white

text: that

text: becomes

text: carbonated

text: either

text: through

text: fermentation

text: or

text: by

text: addition

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: The

text: oldest

text: known

text: production

text: of

text: sparkling

text: wine

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: ancestral

text: method

text: Champagne

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: variant

text: but

text: there

text: are

text: other

text: variations

text: such

text: as

text: Spanish

text: Cava

text: Italian

text: Spumante

text: Crémant

text: from

text: France

text: and

text: Sekt

text: from

text: Germany

text: Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it, making it fizzy. The best known example of a sparkling wine is champagne, which is exclusively produced in the Champagne region of France. Most sparkling wine is white or rosé but there are examples of red sparkling wines such as the Italian Brachetto, Australian sparkling Shiraz, and Azerbaijani "Pearl of Azerbaijan" made from Madrasa grapes. The sweetness of sparkling wine can range from very dry "brut" styles to sweeter "doux" varieties (from the French words for 'raw' and 'sweet', respectively).

text: Sparkling

text: wine

text: is

text: wine

text: with

text: significant

text: levels

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: in

text: it

text: making

text: it

text: fizzy

text: The

text: best

text: known

text: example

text: of

text: sparkling

text: wine

text: is

text: champagne

text: which

text: is

text: exclusively

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: Champagne

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: Most

text: sparkling

text: wine

text: is

text: white

text: or

text: rosé

text: but

text: there

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: red

text: sparkling

text: wines

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Italian

text: Brachetto

text: Australian

text: sparkling

text: Shiraz

text: and

text: Azerbaijani

text: Pearl

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: made

text: from

text: Madrasa

text: grapes

text: The

text: sweetness

text: of

text: sparkling

text: wine

text: can

text: range

text: from

text: very

text: dry

text: brut

text: styles

text: to

text: sweeter

text: doux

text: varieties

text: from

text: the

text: French

text: words

text: for

text: raw

text: and

text: sweet

text: respectively

text: A varietal wine is a wine made primarily from a single named grape variety, and which typically displays the name of that variety on the wine label. Examples of grape varieties commonly used in varietal wines are Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Merlot. Wines that display the name of two or more varieties on their label, such as a Chardonnay-Viognier, are blends and not varietal wines. The term is frequently misused in place of vine variety; the term variety refers to the vine or grape while varietal refers to the wine produced by a variety.

text: varietal

text: wine

text: is

text: wine

text: made

text: primarily

text: from

text: single

text: named

text: grape

text: variety

text: and

text: which

text: typically

text: displays

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: that

text: variety

text: on

text: the

text: wine

text: label

text: Examples

text: of

text: grape

text: varieties

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: varietal

text: wines

text: are

text: Cabernet

text: Sauvignon

text: Chardonnay

text: and

text: Merlot

text: Wines

text: that

text: display

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: varieties

text: on

text: their

text: label

text: such

text: as

text: Chardonnay

text: Viognier

text: are

text: blends

text: and

text: not

text: varietal

text: wines

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: frequently

text: misused

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: vine

text: variety

text: the

text: term

text: variety

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: vine

text: or

text: grape

text: while

text: varietal

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: wine

text: produced

text: by

text: variety

text: The Sonoma Valley AVA is an American Viticultural Area in Sonoma County, California, United States which centers on the Sonoma Valley (also known as "The Valley of the Moon") in the southern portion of the county. The appellation is bordered by two mountain ranges: the Mayacamas Mountains to the east and the Sonoma Mountains to the west.

text: The

text: Sonoma

text: Valley

text: AVA

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: Viticultural

text: Area

text: in

text: Sonoma

text: County

text: California

text: United

text: States

text: which

text: centers

text: on

text: the

text: Sonoma

text: Valley

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Valley

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: The

text: appellation

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Mayacamas

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Sonoma

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Nevada (Spanish for "snowy"; see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, and the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las VegasParadise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City. Nevada is officially known as the "Silver State" because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the "Battle Born State", because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words "Battle Born" also appear on the state flag); as the "Sage-brush State", for the native plant of the same name; and as the "Sage-hen State". Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east.

text: Nevada

text: Spanish

text: for

text: snowy

text: see

text: pronunciations

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Mountain

text: West

text: and

text: Southwestern

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: Nevada

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: least

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Nearly

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: Nevada

text: 's

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: Clark

text: County

text: which

text: contains

text: the

text: Las

text: VegasParadise

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: where

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: four

text: largest

text: incorporated

text: cities

text: are

text: located

text: Nevada

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Carson

text: City

text: Nevada

text: is

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Silver

text: State

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: silver

text: to

text: its

text: history

text: and

text: economy

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Battle

text: Born

text: State

text: because

text: it

text: achieved

text: statehood

text: during

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: words

text: Battle

text: Born

text: also

text: appear

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: flag

text: as

text: the

text: Sage

text: brush

text: State

text: for

text: the

text: native

text: plant

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: Sage

text: hen

text: State

text: Nevada

text: borders

text: Oregon

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Idaho

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: California

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Arizona

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: Utah

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Wine (from Latin "vinum") is an alcoholic beverage made from fermented grapes. These grapes are generally "Vitis vinifera," or a hybrid with "Vitis labrusca" or "Vitis rupestris". Grapes are fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients. Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide. Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine. These variations result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the terroir, and the production process. Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine. These typically restrict the geographical origin and permitted varieties of grapes, as well as other aspects of wine production.

text: Wine

text: from

text: Latin

text: vinum

text: is

text: an

text: alcoholic

text: beverage

text: made

text: from

text: fermented

text: grapes

text: These

text: grapes

text: are

text: generally

text: Vitis

text: vinifera

text: or

text: hybrid

text: with

text: Vitis

text: labrusca

text: or

text: Vitis

text: rupestris

text: Grapes

text: are

text: fermented

text: without

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: sugars

text: acids

text: enzymes

text: water

text: or

text: other

text: nutrients

text: Yeast

text: consumes

text: the

text: sugar

text: in

text: the

text: grapes

text: and

text: converts

text: it

text: to

text: ethanol

text: and

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: Different

text: varieties

text: of

text: grapes

text: and

text: strains

text: of

text: yeasts

text: produce

text: different

text: styles

text: of

text: wine

text: These

text: variations

text: result

text: from

text: the

text: complex

text: interactions

text: between

text: the

text: biochemical

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: grape

text: the

text: reactions

text: involved

text: in

text: fermentation

text: the

text: terroir

text: and

text: the

text: production

text: process

text: Many

text: countries

text: enact

text: legal

text: appellations

text: intended

text: to

text: define

text: styles

text: and

text: qualities

text: of

text: wine

text: These

text: typically

text: restrict

text: the

text: geographical

text: origin

text: and

text: permitted

text: varieties

text: of

text: grapes

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: wine

text: production

text: An appellation is a legally defined and protected geographical indication used to identify where the grapes for a wine were grown; other types of food often have appellations as well. Restrictions other than geographical boundaries, such as what grapes may be grown, maximum grape yields, alcohol level, and other quality factors, may also apply before an appellation name may legally appear on a wine bottle label. The rules that govern appellations are dependent on the country in which the wine was produced.

text: An

text: appellation

text: is

text: legally

text: defined

text: and

text: protected

text: geographical

text: indication

text: used

text: to

text: identify

text: where

text: the

text: grapes

text: for

text: wine

text: were

text: grown

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: food

text: often

text: have

text: appellations

text: as

text: well

text: Restrictions

text: other

text: than

text: geographical

text: boundaries

text: such

text: as

text: what

text: grapes

text: may

text: be

text: grown

text: maximum

text: grape

text: yields

text: alcohol

text: level

text: and

text: other

text: quality

text: factors

text: may

text: also

text: apply

text: before

text: an

text: appellation

text: name

text: may

text: legally

text: appear

text: on

text: wine

text: bottle

text: label

text: The

text: rules

text: that

text: govern

text: appellations

text: are

text: dependent

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: wine

text: was

text: produced

question: product northern sonoma ava

answer: chardonnay

text: chardonnay

text: chardonnay

text: chardonnay

text: chardonnay

text: chardonnay


text: MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as "video jockeys" (VJs). In its early years, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily towards teenagers, high school students and college students. MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods. It has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTV's influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years.

text: MTV

text: originally

text: an

text: initialism

text: of

text: Music

text: Television

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: cable

text: and

text: satellite

text: television

text: channel

text: owned

text: by

text: Viacom

text: Media

text: Networks

text: division

text: of

text: Viacom

text: and

text: headquartered

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Launched

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: channel

text: originally

text: aired

text: music

text: videos

text: as

text: guided

text: by

text: television

text: personalities

text: known

text: as

text: video

text: jockeys

text: VJs

text: In

text: its

text: early

text: years

text: MTV

text: 's

text: main

text: target

text: demographic

text: was

text: young

text: adults

text: but

text: today

text: it

text: is

text: primarily

text: towards

text: teenagers

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: and

text: college

text: students

text: MTV

text: has

text: toned

text: down

text: its

text: music

text: video

text: programming

text: significantly

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: programming

text: now

text: consists

text: mainly

text: of

text: original

text: reality

text: comedy

text: and

text: drama

text: programming

text: and

text: some

text: off

text: network

text: syndicated

text: programs

text: and

text: films

text: with

text: limited

text: music

text: video

text: programming

text: in

text: off

text: peak

text: time

text: periods

text: It

text: has

text: received

text: criticism

text: towards

text: this

text: change

text: of

text: focus

text: both

text: by

text: certain

text: segments

text: of

text: its

text: audience

text: and

text: musicians

text: MTV

text: 's

text: influence

text: on

text: its

text: audience

text: including

text: issues

text: involving

text: censorship

text: and

text: social

text: activism

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: subject

text: of

text: debate

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: Henrietta Maria of France (25 November 1609  10 September 1669) was queen consort of England, Scotland, and Ireland as the wife of King Charles I. She was mother of his two immediate successors, Charles II and James II.

text: Henrietta

text: Maria

text: of

text: France

text: November

text: September

text: was

text: queen

text: consort

text: of

text: England

text: Scotland

text: and

text: Ireland

text: as

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: King

text: Charles

text: She

text: was

text: mother

text: of

text: his

text: two

text: immediate

text: successors

text: Charles

text: II

text: and

text: James

text: II

text: The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary lying inland from the Atlantic Ocean, and surrounded by the North American mainland to the west, and the Delmarva Peninsula to the east. It is the largest such body in the contiguous United States. The northern bay is within Maryland, the southern portion within Virginia, and is a very important feature for the ecology and economy of those two states, as well as others. More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the bay's drainage basin, which covers parts of six states (New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia) plus all of the District of Columbia.

text: The

text: Chesapeake

text: Bay

text: is

text: an

text: estuary

text: lying

text: inland

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: mainland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Delmarva

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: such

text: body

text: in

text: the

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: northern

text: bay

text: is

text: within

text: Maryland

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: within

text: Virginia

text: and

text: is

text: very

text: important

text: feature

text: for

text: the

text: ecology

text: and

text: economy

text: of

text: those

text: two

text: states

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: others

text: More

text: than

text: major

text: rivers

text: and

text: streams

text: flow

text: into

text: the

text: bay

text: 's

text: drainage

text: basin

text: which

text: covers

text: parts

text: of

text: six

text: states

text: New

text: York

text: Pennsylvania

text: Delaware

text: Maryland

text: Virginia

text: and

text: West

text: Virginia

text: plus

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: District

text: of

text: Columbia

text: Percy Carey (born 11 June 1970), also known by the stage names MF Grimm, Grimm Reaper, GM Grimm and originally Build and Destroy, is an American underground rapper, music producer, CEO, and Eisner Award-nominated comic book writer from New York City. Grimm has released five solo albums, five collaborative albums and two compilation albums.

text: Percy

text: Carey

text: born

text: June

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: stage

text: names

text: MF

text: Grimm

text: Grimm

text: Reaper

text: GM

text: Grimm

text: and

text: originally

text: Build

text: and

text: Destroy

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: underground

text: rapper

text: music

text: producer

text: CEO

text: and

text: Eisner

text: Award

text: nominated

text: comic

text: book

text: writer

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Grimm

text: has

text: released

text: five

text: solo

text: albums

text: five

text: collaborative

text: albums

text: and

text: two

text: compilation

text: albums

text: Chris Moore is a Maryland born American hip hop artist who goes by the stage name Atari Blitzkrieg . Currently signed to his own label Godsendant Music , he is known for his heavy use of alliteration , multi-syllabic rhyming schemes and incorporation of various genres into his music . He is also the producer , Krohme . A review on Music Zeitgeist states , `` Atari Blitzkrieg is not a noise - core post-electro - clash / Blade Runner tributary . Evoking something more along the lines of Jedi Mind Tricks sharing kind with Common and maybe even MC . 900 Ft. Jesus , Atari Blitzkrieg is ready to drop a fat collection of eloquence and Cheshire Cat propensity on the sleepy indie music world . ''

text: Chris

text: Moore

text: is

text: Maryland

text: born

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: artist

text: who

text: goes

text: by

text: the

text: stage

text: name

text: Atari

text: Blitzkrieg

text: Currently

text: signed

text: to

text: his

text: own

text: label

text: Godsendant

text: Music

text: he

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: heavy

text: use

text: of

text: alliteration

text: multi

text: syllabic

text: rhyming

text: schemes

text: and

text: incorporation

text: of

text: various

text: genres

text: into

text: his

text: music

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: producer

text: Krohme

text: review

text: on

text: Music

text: Zeitgeist

text: states

text: Atari

text: Blitzkrieg

text: is

text: not

text: noise

text: core

text: post

text: electro

text: clash

text: Blade

text: Runner

text: tributary

text: Evoking

text: something

text: more

text: along

text: the

text: lines

text: of

text: Jedi

text: Mind

text: Tricks

text: sharing

text: kind

text: with

text: Common

text: and

text: maybe

text: even

text: MC

text: Ft

text: Jesus

text: Atari

text: Blitzkrieg

text: is

text: ready

text: to

text: drop

text: fat

text: collection

text: of

text: eloquence

text: and

text: Cheshire

text: Cat

text: propensity

text: on

text: the

text: sleepy

text: indie

text: music

text: world

text: John Austin IV (born September 26, 1973), better known by his stage name Ras Kass, is an American rapper. He returned as a member of the hip hop supergroup The HRSMN along with Canibus, Killah Priest, and Kurupt in 2014. Ras is a member of the group Golden State Warriors with Xzibit and Saafir. Editors of About.com ranked him #30 on their list of the "Top 50 MCs of Our Time (19872007)". Pitchfork Media called him "one of the best rappers of all time."

text: John

text: Austin

text: IV

text: born

text: September

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Ras

text: Kass

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: He

text: returned

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: hip

text: hop

text: supergroup

text: The

text: HRSMN

text: along

text: with

text: Canibus

text: Killah

text: Priest

text: and

text: Kurupt

text: in

text: Ras

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: Golden

text: State

text: Warriors

text: with

text: Xzibit

text: and

text: Saafir

text: Editors

text: of

text: About.com

text: ranked

text: him

text: on

text: their

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: Top

text: MCs

text: of

text: Our

text: Time

text: Pitchfork

text: Media

text: called

text: him

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: rappers

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: often

text: called

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: or

text: simply

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomerations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: global

text: power

text: city

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exerts

text: significant

text: impact

text: upon

text: commerce

text: finance

text: media

text: art

text: fashion

text: research

text: technology

text: education

text: and

text: entertainment

text: its

text: fast

text: pace

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: New

text: York

text: minute

text: Home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: international

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: financial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employeesChad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karimin February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report and comment on videos, and it makes use of WebM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.

text: YouTube

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: video

text: sharing

text: website

text: headquartered

text: in

text: San

text: Bruno

text: California

text: The

text: service

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: three

text: former

text: PayPal

text: employeesChad

text: Hurley

text: Steve

text: Chen

text: and

text: Jawed

text: Karimin

text: February

text: In

text: November

text: it

text: was

text: bought

text: by

text: Google

text: for

text: US$

text: billion

text: YouTube

text: now

text: operates

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: Google

text: 's

text: subsidiaries

text: The

text: site

text: allows

text: users

text: to

text: upload

text: view

text: rate

text: share

text: add

text: to

text: favorites

text: report

text: and

text: comment

text: on

text: videos

text: and

text: it

text: makes

text: use

text: of

text: WebM

text: AVC

text: and

text: Adobe

text: Flash

text: Video

text: technology

text: to

text: display

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: user

text: generated

text: and

text: corporate

text: media

text: videos

text: Available

text: content

text: includes

text: video

text: clips

text: TV

text: show

text: clips

text: music

text: videos

text: short

text: and

text: documentary

text: films

text: audio

text: recordings

text: movie

text: trailers

text: and

text: other

text: content

text: such

text: as

text: video

text: blogging

text: short

text: original

text: videos

text: and

text: educational

text: videos

text: William Anthony Colón Román (born April 28, 1950) is a Nuyorican (a New York-born Puerto Rican) salsa musician and social activist. He began his career as a trombonist, and also sings, writes, produces and acts. He is also involved in the politics of New York City and international politics.

text: William

text: Anthony

text: Colón

text: Román

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: Nuyorican

text: New

text: York

text: born

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: salsa

text: musician

text: and

text: social

text: activist

text: He

text: began

text: his

text: career

text: as

text: trombonist

text: and

text: also

text: sings

text: writes

text: produces

text: and

text: acts

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: politics

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: international

text: politics

text: Michael Berrin (born May 6, 1967) is an American hip hop MC and former member of 3rd Bass best known by his stage name MC Serch.

text: Michael

text: Berrin

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: MC

text: and

text: former

text: member

text: of

text: Bass

text: best

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: MC

text: Serch

text: Nasir bin Olu Dara Jones (born September 14, 1973), better known by his stage name Nas , is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer, actor and entrepreneur. The son of jazz musician Olu Dara, Nas has released eight consecutive platinum and multi-platinum albums and has sold over 25 million records worldwide. He is also an entrepreneur through his own record label; he serves as associate publisher of "Mass Appeal" magazine and is the owner of a Fila sneaker store. He is currently signed to Mass Appeal Records.

text: Nasir

text: bin

text: Olu

text: Dara

text: Jones

text: born

text: September

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Nas

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: recording

text: artist

text: record

text: producer

text: actor

text: and

text: entrepreneur

text: The

text: son

text: of

text: jazz

text: musician

text: Olu

text: Dara

text: Nas

text: has

text: released

text: eight

text: consecutive

text: platinum

text: and

text: multi

text: platinum

text: albums

text: and

text: has

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: records

text: worldwide

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: entrepreneur

text: through

text: his

text: own

text: record

text: label

text: he

text: serves

text: as

text: associate

text: publisher

text: of

text: Mass

text: Appeal

text: magazine

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: owner

text: of

text: Fila

text: sneaker

text: store

text: He

text: is

text: currently

text: signed

text: to

text: Mass

text: Appeal

text: Records

text: Waleed Shabazz (born August 3, 1975), better known by his stage name C-Rayz Walz, is an American Hip hop recording artist from The Bronx borough of New York City. Aside from his solo career he is also a member of the East Coast hip hop syndicate, Stronghold. C-Rayz Walz has been a fixture in the New York hip-hop scene for years. He hosts many hip-hop shows and events, has appeared on over 43 singles and launched his own label, SunCycle Entertainment. C-Rayz has worked with several other artists in underground hip hop, including Aesop Rock, Immortal Technique, Percee P and Messiah J & The Expert.

text: Waleed

text: Shabazz

text: born

text: August

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Rayz

text: Walz

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: Hip

text: hop

text: recording

text: artist

text: from

text: The

text: Bronx

text: borough

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Aside

text: from

text: his

text: solo

text: career

text: he

text: is

text: also

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Coast

text: hip

text: hop

text: syndicate

text: Stronghold

text: Rayz

text: Walz

text: has

text: been

text: fixture

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: hip

text: hop

text: scene

text: for

text: years

text: He

text: hosts

text: many

text: hip

text: hop

text: shows

text: and

text: events

text: has

text: appeared

text: on

text: over

text: singles

text: and

text: launched

text: his

text: own

text: label

text: SunCycle

text: Entertainment

text: Rayz

text: has

text: worked

text: with

text: several

text: other

text: artists

text: in

text: underground

text: hip

text: hop

text: including

text: Aesop

text: Rock

text: Immortal

text: Technique

text: Percee

text: and

text: Messiah

text: The

text: Expert

text: 2K Sports, Inc. is a division of 2K Games that develops and publishes sports video games. It comprises a single development studio, Visual Concepts, which was purchased from Sega in 2005 after Sega Sports shut down. 2K Sports mainly develops and publishes American sports video games; such as "NBA 2K" series, the "NHL 2K" series and the "WWE 2K" series. It previously produced the "MLB 2K" series.

text: Sports

text: Inc.

text: is

text: division

text: of

text: Games

text: that

text: develops

text: and

text: publishes

text: sports

text: video

text: games

text: It

text: comprises

text: single

text: development

text: studio

text: Visual

text: Concepts

text: which

text: was

text: purchased

text: from

text: Sega

text: in

text: after

text: Sega

text: Sports

text: shut

text: down

text: Sports

text: mainly

text: develops

text: and

text: publishes

text: American

text: sports

text: video

text: games

text: such

text: as

text: NBA

text: series

text: the

text: NHL

text: series

text: and

text: the

text: WWE

text: series

text: It

text: previously

text: produced

text: the

text: MLB

text: series

text: West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the north (and, slightly, east), and Maryland to the northeast. West Virginia is the 41st largest by area, the 38th most populous, and has the second lowest household income of the 50 United States. The capital and largest city is Charleston.

text: West

text: Virginia

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Virginia

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Kentucky

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Ohio

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Pennsylvania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: slightly

text: east

text: and

text: Maryland

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: West

text: Virginia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: lowest

text: household

text: income

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Charleston

text: Spotify is a music, podcast, and video streaming service launched in October 2008, developed by startup Spotify AB in Stockholm, Sweden. It provides digital rights management-protected content from record labels and media companies. Spotify is a freemium service, meaning that basic services are free with advertisements, with additional features, such as improved streaming quality, offered via paid subscriptions.

text: Spotify

text: is

text: music

text: podcast

text: and

text: video

text: streaming

text: service

text: launched

text: in

text: October

text: developed

text: by

text: startup

text: Spotify

text: AB

text: in

text: Stockholm

text: Sweden

text: It

text: provides

text: digital

text: rights

text: management

text: protected

text: content

text: from

text: record

text: labels

text: and

text: media

text: companies

text: Spotify

text: is

text: freemium

text: service

text: meaning

text: that

text: basic

text: services

text: are

text: free

text: with

text: advertisements

text: with

text: additional

text: features

text: such

text: as

text: improved

text: streaming

text: quality

text: offered

text: via

text: paid

text: subscriptions

text: Ernesto Antonio "Tito" Puente (April 20, 1923  May 31, 2000) was an American musician, songwriter and record producer. The son of native Puerto Ricans Ernest and Ercilia Puente, living in New York City's Spanish Harlem community, Puente is often credited as "The Musical Pope", "El Rey de los Timbales" (The King of the Timbales) and "The King of Latin Music". He is best known for dance-oriented mambo and Latin jazz compositions that endured over a 50-year career. He and his music appear in many films such as "The Mambo Kings" and Fernando Trueba's "Calle 54". He guest-starred on several television shows, including "Sesame Street" and "The Simpsons" two-part episode "Who Shot Mr. Burns?".

text: Ernesto

text: Antonio

text: Tito

text: Puente

text: April

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: songwriter

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: The

text: son

text: of

text: native

text: Puerto

text: Ricans

text: Ernest

text: and

text: Ercilia

text: Puente

text: living

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: 's

text: Spanish

text: Harlem

text: community

text: Puente

text: is

text: often

text: credited

text: as

text: The

text: Musical

text: Pope

text: El

text: Rey

text: de

text: los

text: Timbales

text: The

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Timbales

text: and

text: The

text: King

text: of

text: Latin

text: Music

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: dance

text: oriented

text: mambo

text: and

text: Latin

text: jazz

text: compositions

text: that

text: endured

text: over

text: career

text: He

text: and

text: his

text: music

text: appear

text: in

text: many

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Mambo

text: Kings

text: and

text: Fernando

text: Trueba

text: 's

text: Calle

text: He

text: guest

text: starred

text: on

text: several

text: television

text: shows

text: including

text: Sesame

text: Street

text: and

text: The

text: Simpsons

text: two

text: part

text: episode

text: Who

text: Shot

text: Mr.

text: Burns

text: Maryland is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and Washington, D.C. to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. The state's largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are "Old Line State", the "Free State", and the "Chesapeake Bay State". The state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England.

text: Maryland

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Mid

text: Atlantic

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: bordering

text: Virginia

text: West

text: Virginia

text: and

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: Pennsylvania

text: to

text: its

text: north

text: and

text: Delaware

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Baltimore

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Annapolis

text: Among

text: its

text: occasional

text: nicknames

text: are

text: Old

text: Line

text: State

text: the

text: Free

text: State

text: and

text: the

text: Chesapeake

text: Bay

text: State

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Henrietta

text: Maria

text: of

text: France

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: Charles

text: of

text: England

text: Sean Price (March 17, 1972August 8, 2015) was an American rapper and member of the hip hop collective Boot Camp Clik. He was half of the duo Heltah Skeltah, performing under the name Ruckus (sometimes abbreviated as Ruck), along with partner Rock.

text: Sean

text: Price

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: hip

text: hop

text: collective

text: Boot

text: Camp

text: Clik

text: He

text: was

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: duo

text: Heltah

text: Skeltah

text: performing

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Ruckus

text: sometimes

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: Ruck

text: along

text: with

text: partner

text: Rock

text: Charles I (19 November 1600  30 January 1649) was monarch of the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649.

text: Charles

text: November

text: January

text: was

text: monarch

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: England

text: Scotland

text: and

text: Ireland

text: from

text: March

text: until

text: his

text: execution

text: in

text: Virginia (, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" due to its status as the first colonial possession established in mainland British America, and "Mother of Presidents" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.3 million, which is slightly less than New York City.

text: Virginia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Virginia

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Mid

text: Atlantic

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: historic

text: Southeast

text: Virginia

text: is

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: Old

text: Dominion

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: colonial

text: possession

text: established

text: in

text: mainland

text: British

text: America

text: and

text: Mother

text: of

text: Presidents

text: because

text: eight

text: U.S.

text: presidents

text: were

text: born

text: there

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: state

text: The

text: geography

text: and

text: climate

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: are

text: shaped

text: by

text: the

text: Blue

text: Ridge

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: Chesapeake

text: Bay

text: which

text: provide

text: habitat

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: flora

text: and

text: fauna

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: is

text: Richmond

text: Virginia

text: Beach

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: Fairfax

text: County

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: political

text: subdivision

text: The

text: Commonwealth

text: 's

text: estimated

text: population

text: is

text: over

text: million

text: which

text: is

text: slightly

text: less

text: than

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Joseph Saddler (born January 1, 1958), better known as Grandmaster Flash, is a Bajan-American hip hop recording artist and DJ. He is considered to be one of the pioneers of hip-hop DJing, cutting, and mixing. Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2007, becoming the first hip hop act to be honored.

text: Joseph

text: Saddler

text: born

text: January

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Grandmaster

text: Flash

text: is

text: Bajan

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: recording

text: artist

text: and

text: DJ

text: He

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: pioneers

text: of

text: hip

text: hop

text: DJing

text: cutting

text: and

text: mixing

text: Grandmaster

text: Flash

text: and

text: the

text: Furious

text: Five

text: were

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: Rock

text: and

text: Roll

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: in

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: hip

text: hop

text: act

text: to

text: be

text: honored

text: Nathaniel Thomas Wilson (born July 20, 1968), better known by his stage name Kool G Rap (or simply G Rap, and originally Kool Genius of Rap), is an American rapper from LeFrak City, Queens. He began his career in the mid-1980s as one half of the group Kool G Rap & DJ Polo and as a member of the Juice Crew. He is often cited as one of the most influential and skilled MCs of all time, and a pioneer of mafioso rap/street/hardcore content and multisyllabic rhyming. On his album "The Giancana Story", he stated that the "G" in his name stands for "Giancana" (after the mobster Sam Giancana), but on other occasions he has stated that it stands for "Genius".

text: Nathaniel

text: Thomas

text: Wilson

text: born

text: July

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Kool

text: Rap

text: or

text: simply

text: Rap

text: and

text: originally

text: Kool

text: Genius

text: of

text: Rap

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: from

text: LeFrak

text: City

text: Queens

text: He

text: began

text: his

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: as

text: one

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: Kool

text: Rap

text: DJ

text: Polo

text: and

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Juice

text: Crew

text: He

text: is

text: often

text: cited

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: and

text: skilled

text: MCs

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: and

text: pioneer

text: of

text: mafioso

text: rap

text: street

text: hardcore

text: content

text: and

text: multisyllabic

text: rhyming

text: On

text: his

text: album

text: The

text: Giancana

text: Story

text: he

text: stated

text: that

text: the

text: in

text: his

text: name

text: stands

text: for

text: Giancana

text: after

text: the

text: mobster

text: Sam

text: Giancana

text: but

text: on

text: other

text: occasions

text: he

text: has

text: stated

text: that

text: it

text: stands

text: for

text: Genius

text: Clive Campbell (born 16 April 1955), better known by his stage name DJ Kool Herc, is a Jamaican-American DJ who is credited with originating hip hop music in the early 1970s in The Bronx, New York City. His playing of hard funk records of the sort typified by James Brown was an alternative both to the violent gang culture of the Bronx and to the nascent popularity of disco in the 1970s. Campbell began to isolate the instrumental portion of the record, which emphasized the drum beatthe "break"and switch from one break to another.

text: Clive

text: Campbell

text: born

text: April

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: DJ

text: Kool

text: Herc

text: is

text: Jamaican

text: American

text: DJ

text: who

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: originating

text: hip

text: hop

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: in

text: The

text: Bronx

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: His

text: playing

text: of

text: hard

text: funk

text: records

text: of

text: the

text: sort

text: typified

text: by

text: James

text: Brown

text: was

text: an

text: alternative

text: both

text: to

text: the

text: violent

text: gang

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: Bronx

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: nascent

text: popularity

text: of

text: disco

text: in

text: the

text: Campbell

text: began

text: to

text: isolate

text: the

text: instrumental

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: record

text: which

text: emphasized

text: the

text: drum

text: beatthe

text: break"and

text: switch

text: from

text: one

text: break

text: to

text: another

text: Hip hop is a subcultural art movement that was formed during the early 1970s primarily by African-American and Afro Puerto Rican youths residing in the South Bronx in New York City. Art historian Robert Farris Thompson describes the demographics of the youth that characterize the South Bronx in the early 1970s as "English-speaking blacks from Barbados" like Grandmaster Flash, "black Jamaicans" like DJ Kool Herc, "thousands of Nuyoricans", who introduced the rhythms from Salsa (music), as well as Afro conga and bonga drums, as well as many who emulated the sounds of Tito Puente and Willie Colón with existing styles of musical styles from jazz to funk associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s. Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s. After the rise of new media platforms and Web 2.0 technology of the Internet, fans would primarily consume the musical genre through social networking sites (SNS) beginning with Myspace evolving to notable mobile apps like YouTube, Worldstarhiphop, SoundCloud, and Spotify.

text: Hip

text: hop

text: is

text: subcultural

text: art

text: movement

text: that

text: was

text: formed

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: primarily

text: by

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: Afro

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: youths

text: residing

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Bronx

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Art

text: historian

text: Robert

text: Farris

text: Thompson

text: describes

text: the

text: demographics

text: of

text: the

text: youth

text: that

text: characterize

text: the

text: South

text: Bronx

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: as

text: English

text: speaking

text: blacks

text: from

text: Barbados

text: like

text: Grandmaster

text: Flash

text: black

text: Jamaicans

text: like

text: DJ

text: Kool

text: Herc

text: thousands

text: of

text: Nuyoricans

text: who

text: introduced

text: the

text: rhythms

text: from

text: Salsa

text: music

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Afro

text: conga

text: and

text: bonga

text: drums

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: who

text: emulated

text: the

text: sounds

text: of

text: Tito

text: Puente

text: and

text: Willie

text: Colón

text: with

text: existing

text: styles

text: of

text: musical

text: styles

text: from

text: jazz

text: to

text: funk

text: associated

text: with

text: African

text: Americans

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Hip

text: hop

text: music

text: became

text: popular

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: After

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: new

text: media

text: platforms

text: and

text: Web

text: technology

text: of

text: the

text: Internet

text: fans

text: would

text: primarily

text: consume

text: the

text: musical

text: genre

text: through

text: social

text: networking

text: sites

text: SNS

text: beginning

text: with

text: Myspace

text: evolving

text: to

text: notable

text: mobile

text: apps

text: like

text: YouTube

text: Worldstarhiphop

text: SoundCloud

text: and

text: Spotify

text: Robert Farris Thompson (born December 30, 1932, El Paso, Texas) is an American historian and writer specialising in the art of Africa and the Afro-Atlantic world. He has been a member of the faculty at Yale University since 1965 and currently serves as the Colonel John Trumbull Professor of the History of Art. Thompson coined the term "black Atlantic" in his 1983 book "Flash of the Spirit: African and Afro-American Art and Philosophy" - the expanded subject of Paul Gilroy's book "The Black Atlantic".

text: Robert

text: Farris

text: Thompson

text: born

text: December

text: El

text: Paso

text: Texas

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: historian

text: and

text: writer

text: specialising

text: in

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Afro

text: Atlantic

text: world

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: faculty

text: at

text: Yale

text: University

text: since

text: and

text: currently

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: Colonel

text: John

text: Trumbull

text: Professor

text: of

text: the

text: History

text: of

text: Art

text: Thompson

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: black

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Flash

text: of

text: the

text: Spirit

text: African

text: and

text: Afro

text: American

text: Art

text: and

text: Philosophy

text: the

text: expanded

text: subject

text: of

text: Paul

text: Gilroy

text: 's

text: book

text: The

text: Black

text: Atlantic

text: Krohme (born Chris Moore on August 16, 1980) is an American hip hop MC and producer, noted for his work with The Game, Kool G Rap, Nas, GZA, DJ Starscream, Obie Trice, MF Grimm, Atari Blitzkrieg, Ron Artest, MC Serch, Hell-Razah, Sean Price, Ras Kass, C-Rayz Walz and more. His music has been featured on MTV, BET, HBO and slated to appear in an upcoming 2K Sports game.

text: Krohme

text: born

text: Chris

text: Moore

text: on

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: MC

text: and

text: producer

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: with

text: The

text: Game

text: Kool

text: Rap

text: Nas

text: GZA

text: DJ

text: Starscream

text: Obie

text: Trice

text: MF

text: Grimm

text: Atari

text: Blitzkrieg

text: Ron

text: Artest

text: MC

text: Serch

text: Hell

text: Razah

text: Sean

text: Price

text: Ras

text: Kass

text: Rayz

text: Walz

text: and

text: more

text: His

text: music

text: has

text: been

text: featured

text: on

text: MTV

text: BET

text: HBO

text: and

text: slated

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: an

text: upcoming

text: Sports

text: game

text: Obie Trice III (born November 14, 1977) is an American rapper and songwriter. He is most known for his time spent signed to Shady Records. Since leaving the label, Trice has formed his own record label, Black Market Entertainment. He does not use a stage name, but rather uses his birth name on stage.

text: Obie

text: Trice

text: III

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: and

text: songwriter

text: He

text: is

text: most

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: time

text: spent

text: signed

text: to

text: Shady

text: Records

text: Since

text: leaving

text: the

text: label

text: Trice

text: has

text: formed

text: his

text: own

text: record

text: label

text: Black

text: Market

text: Entertainment

text: He

text: does

text: not

text: use

text: stage

text: name

text: but

text: rather

text: uses

text: his

text: birth

text: name

text: on

text: stage

annotations: likely multiple

question: date_of_birth atari blitzkrieg

answer: 1980