text: Plumage ("feather") refers both to the layer of feathers that cover a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage differ between species and subspecies, and may vary with age classes. Within species there can be different colour morphs.

text: Plumage

text: feather

text: refers

text: both

text: to

text: the

text: layer

text: of

text: feathers

text: that

text: cover

text: bird

text: and

text: the

text: pattern

text: colour

text: and

text: arrangement

text: of

text: those

text: feathers

text: The

text: pattern

text: and

text: colours

text: of

text: plumage

text: differ

text: between

text: species

text: and

text: subspecies

text: and

text: may

text: vary

text: with

text: age

text: classes

text: Within

text: species

text: there

text: can

text: be

text: different

text: colour

text: morphs

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: The Eurasian crag martin or just crag martin ("Ptyonoprogne rupestris") is a small passerine bird in the swallow family. It is about long with ash-brown upperparts and paler underparts, and a short, square tail that has distinctive white patches on most of its feathers. It breeds in the mountains of southern Europe, northwestern Africa and southern Asia. It can be confused with the three other species in its genus, but is larger than both, with brighter tail spots and different plumage tone. Many European birds are resident, but some northern populations and most Asian breeders are migratory, wintering in northern Africa, the Middle East or India.

text: The

text: Eurasian

text: crag

text: martin

text: or

text: just

text: crag

text: martin

text: Ptyonoprogne

text: rupestris

text: is

text: small

text: passerine

text: bird

text: in

text: the

text: swallow

text: family

text: It

text: is

text: about

text: long

text: with

text: ash

text: brown

text: upperparts

text: and

text: paler

text: underparts

text: and

text: short

text: square

text: tail

text: that

text: has

text: distinctive

text: white

text: patches

text: on

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: feathers

text: It

text: breeds

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: of

text: southern

text: Europe

text: northwestern

text: Africa

text: and

text: southern

text: Asia

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: three

text: other

text: species

text: in

text: its

text: genus

text: but

text: is

text: larger

text: than

text: both

text: with

text: brighter

text: tail

text: spots

text: and

text: different

text: plumage

text: tone

text: Many

text: European

text: birds

text: are

text: resident

text: but

text: some

text: northern

text: populations

text: and

text: most

text: Asian

text: breeders

text: are

text: migratory

text: wintering

text: in

text: northern

text: Africa

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: or

text: India

text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: The order Squamata, or the scaled reptiles, are the largest recent order of reptiles, comprising all lizards and snakes. With over 10,000 species, it is also the second-largest order of extant vertebrates, after the perciform fish, and roughly equal in number to the Saurischia (one of the 2 major groups of dinosaurs). Members of the order are distinguished by their skins, which bear horny scales or shields. They also possess movable quadrate bones, making it possible to move the upper jaw relative to the neurocranium. This is particularly visible in snakes, which are able to open their mouths very wide to accommodate comparatively large prey. They are the most variably sized order of reptiles, ranging from the dwarf gecko ("Sphaerodactylus ariasae") to the green anaconda ("Eunectes murinus") and the now-extinct mosasaurs, which reached lengths of .

text: The

text: order

text: Squamata

text: or

text: the

text: scaled

text: reptiles

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: recent

text: order

text: of

text: reptiles

text: comprising

text: all

text: lizards

text: and

text: snakes

text: With

text: over

text: species

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: order

text: of

text: extant

text: vertebrates

text: after

text: the

text: perciform

text: fish

text: and

text: roughly

text: equal

text: in

text: number

text: to

text: the

text: Saurischia

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: groups

text: of

text: dinosaurs

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: are

text: distinguished

text: by

text: their

text: skins

text: which

text: bear

text: horny

text: scales

text: or

text: shields

text: They

text: also

text: possess

text: movable

text: quadrate

text: bones

text: making

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: upper

text: jaw

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: neurocranium

text: This

text: is

text: particularly

text: visible

text: in

text: snakes

text: which

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: open

text: their

text: mouths

text: very

text: wide

text: to

text: accommodate

text: comparatively

text: large

text: prey

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: variably

text: sized

text: order

text: of

text: reptiles

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: dwarf

text: gecko

text: Sphaerodactylus

text: ariasae

text: to

text: the

text: green

text: anaconda

text: Eunectes

text: murinus

text: and

text: the

text: now

text: extinct

text: mosasaurs

text: which

text: reached

text: lengths

text: of

text: Birds (Aves), also known as avian dinosaurs, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds.

text: Birds

text: Aves

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: avian

text: dinosaurs

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: endothermic

text: vertebrates

text: characterised

text: by

text: feathers

text: toothless

text: beaked

text: jaws

text: the

text: laying

text: of

text: hard

text: shelled

text: eggs

text: high

text: metabolic

text: rate

text: four

text: chambered

text: heart

text: and

text: lightweight

text: but

text: strong

text: skeleton

text: Birds

text: live

text: worldwide

text: and

text: range

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: the

text: bee

text: hummingbird

text: to

text: the

text: ostrich

text: They

text: rank

text: as

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: tetrapods

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: living

text: species

text: at

text: approximately

text: ten

text: thousand

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: these

text: being

text: passerines

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: perching

text: birds

text: or

text: less

text: accurately

text: as

text: songbirds

text: The rock martin ("Ptyonoprogne fuligula") is a small passerine bird in the swallow family that is resident in central and southern Africa. It breeds mainly in the mountains, but also at lower altitudes, especially in rocky areas and around towns, and, unlike most swallows, it is often found far from water. It is 1215 cm (4.75.9 in) long, with mainly brown plumage, paler-toned on the upper breast and underwing coverts, and with white "windows" on the spread tail in flight. The sexes are similar in appearance, but juveniles have pale fringes to the upperparts and flight feathers. The former northern subspecies are smaller, paler, and whiter-throated than southern African forms, and are now usually split as a separate species, the pale crag martin. The rock martin hunts along cliff faces for flying insects using a slow flight with much gliding. Its call is a soft twitter.

text: The

text: rock

text: martin

text: Ptyonoprogne

text: fuligula

text: is

text: small

text: passerine

text: bird

text: in

text: the

text: swallow

text: family

text: that

text: is

text: resident

text: in

text: central

text: and

text: southern

text: Africa

text: It

text: breeds

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: but

text: also

text: at

text: lower

text: altitudes

text: especially

text: in

text: rocky

text: areas

text: and

text: around

text: towns

text: and

text: unlike

text: most

text: swallows

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: found

text: far

text: from

text: water

text: It

text: is

text: cm

text: in

text: long

text: with

text: mainly

text: brown

text: plumage

text: paler

text: toned

text: on

text: the

text: upper

text: breast

text: and

text: underwing

text: coverts

text: and

text: with

text: white

text: windows

text: on

text: the

text: spread

text: tail

text: in

text: flight

text: The

text: sexes

text: are

text: similar

text: in

text: appearance

text: but

text: juveniles

text: have

text: pale

text: fringes

text: to

text: the

text: upperparts

text: and

text: flight

text: feathers

text: The

text: former

text: northern

text: subspecies

text: are

text: smaller

text: paler

text: and

text: whiter

text: throated

text: than

text: southern

text: African

text: forms

text: and

text: are

text: now

text: usually

text: split

text: as

text: separate

text: species

text: the

text: pale

text: crag

text: martin

text: The

text: rock

text: martin

text: hunts

text: along

text: cliff

text: faces

text: for

text: flying

text: insects

text: using

text: slow

text: flight

text: with

text: much

text: gliding

text: Its

text: call

text: is

text: soft

text: twitter

text: Rodents (from Latin "rodere", "to gnaw") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents; they are found in vast numbers on all continents except Antarctica. They are the most diversified mammalian order and live in a variety of terrestrial habitats, including human-made environments.

text: Rodents

text: from

text: Latin

text: rodere

text: to

text: gnaw

text: are

text: mammals

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Rodentia

text: which

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: single

text: pair

text: of

text: continuously

text: growing

text: incisors

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: and

text: lower

text: jaws

text: About

text: of

text: all

text: mammal

text: species

text: are

text: rodents

text: they

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: vast

text: numbers

text: on

text: all

text: continents

text: except

text: Antarctica

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: diversified

text: mammalian

text: order

text: and

text: live

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: terrestrial

text: habitats

text: including

text: human

text: made

text: environments

text: The sand martin ("Riparia riparia") or European sand martin, bank swallow in the Americas, and collared sand martin in the Indian Subcontinent, is a migratory passerine bird in the swallow family. It has a wide range in summer, embracing practically the whole of Europe and the Mediterranean countries, part of northern Asia and also North America. It winters in eastern and southern Africa, South America and the Indian Subcontinent.

text: The

text: sand

text: martin

text: Riparia

text: riparia

text: or

text: European

text: sand

text: martin

text: bank

text: swallow

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: collared

text: sand

text: martin

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Subcontinent

text: is

text: migratory

text: passerine

text: bird

text: in

text: the

text: swallow

text: family

text: It

text: has

text: wide

text: range

text: in

text: summer

text: embracing

text: practically

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: countries

text: part

text: of

text: northern

text: Asia

text: and

text: also

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: winters

text: in

text: eastern

text: and

text: southern

text: Africa

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Subcontinent

text: The crag martins are four species of small passerine birds in the genus Ptyonoprogne of the swallow family . They are the Eurasian crag martin ( P. rupestris ) , the pale crag martin ( P. obsoleta ) , the rock martin ( P. fuligula ) and the dusky crag martin ( P. concolor ) . They are closely related to each other , and have formerly sometimes been considered to be one species . They are closely related to the Hirundo barn swallows and are placed in that genus by some authorities . These are small swallows with brown upperparts , paler underparts without a breast band , and a square tail with white patches . They can be distinguished from each other on size , the colour shade of the upperparts and underparts , and minor plumage details like throat colour . They resemble the sand martin , but are darker below , and lack a breast band . These are species of craggy mountainous habitats , although all three will also frequent human habitation . The African rock martin and the south Asian dusky crag martin are resident , but the Eurasian crag martin is a partial migrant ; birds breeding in southern Europe are largely resident , but some northern breeders and most Asian birds are migratory , wintering in north Africa or India . They do not normally form large breeding colonies , but are more gregarious outside the breeding season . These martins build neat mud nests under cliff overhangs or in crevices in their mountain homes , and have readily adapted to the artificial cliffs provided by buildings and motorway bridges . Up to five eggs , white with dark blotches at the wider end , may be laid , and a second clutch is common . Ptyonoprogne martins feed mainly on insects caught in flight , and patrol cliffs near the breeding site with a slow hunting flight as they seek their prey . They may be hunted by falcons and infected with mites and fleas , but their large ranges and populations mean that none of the crag martins are considered to be threatened , and all are classed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List .

text: The

text: crag

text: martins

text: are

text: four

text: species

text: of

text: small

text: passerine

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Ptyonoprogne

text: of

text: the

text: swallow

text: family

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: crag

text: martin

text: rupestris

text: the

text: pale

text: crag

text: martin

text: obsoleta

text: the

text: rock

text: martin

text: fuligula

text: and

text: the

text: dusky

text: crag

text: martin

text: concolor

text: They

text: are

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: have

text: formerly

text: sometimes

text: been

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: species

text: They

text: are

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Hirundo

text: barn

text: swallows

text: and

text: are

text: placed

text: in

text: that

text: genus

text: by

text: some

text: authorities

text: These

text: are

text: small

text: swallows

text: with

text: brown

text: upperparts

text: paler

text: underparts

text: without

text: breast

text: band

text: and

text: square

text: tail

text: with

text: white

text: patches

text: They

text: can

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: on

text: size

text: the

text: colour

text: shade

text: of

text: the

text: upperparts

text: and

text: underparts

text: and

text: minor

text: plumage

text: details

text: like

text: throat

text: colour

text: They

text: resemble

text: the

text: sand

text: martin

text: but

text: are

text: darker

text: below

text: and

text: lack

text: breast

text: band

text: These

text: are

text: species

text: of

text: craggy

text: mountainous

text: habitats

text: although

text: all

text: three

text: will

text: also

text: frequent

text: human

text: habitation

text: The

text: African

text: rock

text: martin

text: and

text: the

text: south

text: Asian

text: dusky

text: crag

text: martin

text: are

text: resident

text: but

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: crag

text: martin

text: is

text: partial

text: migrant

text: birds

text: breeding

text: in

text: southern

text: Europe

text: are

text: largely

text: resident

text: but

text: some

text: northern

text: breeders

text: and

text: most

text: Asian

text: birds

text: are

text: migratory

text: wintering

text: in

text: north

text: Africa

text: or

text: India

text: They

text: do

text: not

text: normally

text: form

text: large

text: breeding

text: colonies

text: but

text: are

text: more

text: gregarious

text: outside

text: the

text: breeding

text: season

text: These

text: martins

text: build

text: neat

text: mud

text: nests

text: under

text: cliff

text: overhangs

text: or

text: in

text: crevices

text: in

text: their

text: mountain

text: homes

text: and

text: have

text: readily

text: adapted

text: to

text: the

text: artificial

text: cliffs

text: provided

text: by

text: buildings

text: and

text: motorway

text: bridges

text: Up

text: to

text: five

text: eggs

text: white

text: with

text: dark

text: blotches

text: at

text: the

text: wider

text: end

text: may

text: be

text: laid

text: and

text: second

text: clutch

text: is

text: common

text: Ptyonoprogne

text: martins

text: feed

text: mainly

text: on

text: insects

text: caught

text: in

text: flight

text: and

text: patrol

text: cliffs

text: near

text: the

text: breeding

text: site

text: with

text: slow

text: hunting

text: flight

text: as

text: they

text: seek

text: their

text: prey

text: They

text: may

text: be

text: hunted

text: by

text: falcons

text: and

text: infected

text: with

text: mites

text: and

text: fleas

text: but

text: their

text: large

text: ranges

text: and

text: populations

text: mean

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: crag

text: martins

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: threatened

text: and

text: all

text: are

text: classed

text: as

text: Least

text: Concern

text: on

text: the

text: IUCN

text: Red

text: List

text: Brood parasites are organisms that rely on others to raise their young. The strategy appears among birds, insects and some fish. The brood parasite manipulates a host, either of the same or of another species, to raise its young as if it were its own.

text: Brood

text: parasites

text: are

text: organisms

text: that

text: rely

text: on

text: others

text: to

text: raise

text: their

text: young

text: The

text: strategy

text: appears

text: among

text: birds

text: insects

text: and

text: some

text: fish

text: The

text: brood

text: parasite

text: manipulates

text: host

text: either

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: or

text: of

text: another

text: species

text: to

text: raise

text: its

text: young

text: as

text: if

text: it

text: were

text: its

text: own

text: The swallows and martins are a group of passerine birds in the family Hirundinidae that are characterised by their adaptation to aerial feeding. "Swallow" is used colloquially in Europe as a synonym for the barn swallow.

text: The

text: swallows

text: and

text: martins

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: passerine

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Hirundinidae

text: that

text: are

text: characterised

text: by

text: their

text: adaptation

text: to

text: aerial

text: feeding

text: Swallow

text: is

text: used

text: colloquially

text: in

text: Europe

text: as

text: synonym

text: for

text: the

text: barn

text: swallow

text: Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 64,000 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) and the bony fish.

text: Vertebrates

text: comprise

text: all

text: species

text: of

text: animals

text: within

text: the

text: subphylum

text: Vertebrata

text: chordates

text: with

text: backbones

text: Vertebrates

text: represent

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: phylum

text: Chordata

text: with

text: currently

text: about

text: species

text: described

text: Vertebrates

text: include

text: the

text: jawless

text: fish

text: and

text: the

text: jawed

text: vertebrates

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: cartilaginous

text: fish

text: sharks

text: and

text: rays

text: and

text: the

text: bony

text: fish

text: Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.

text: Binomial

text: nomenclature

text: also

text: called

text: binominal

text: nomenclature

text: or

text: binary

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: things

text: by

text: giving

text: each

text: name

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: use

text: Latin

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: Such

text: name

text: is

text: called

text: binomial

text: name

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: binomial

text: binomen

text: or

text: scientific

text: name

text: more

text: informally

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Latin

text: name

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: identifies

text: the

text: genus

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: species

text: belongs

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: identifies

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: example

text: humans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Homo

text: and

text: within

text: this

text: genus

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: The

text: formal

text: introduction

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: effectively

text: beginning

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: But

text: Gaspard

text: Bauhin

text: in

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: had

text: introduced

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Pinax

text: theatri

text: botanici

text: English

text: Illustrated

text: exposition

text: of

text: plants

text: many

text: names

text: of

text: genera

text: that

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: The bird genus Hirundo is a group of passerines in the family Hirundinidae (swallows and martins). The genus name is the Latin for a swallow. These are the typical swallows, including the widespread barn swallow. Many of this group have blue backs, red on the face and sometimes the rump or nape, and whitish or rufous underparts. With fourteen species this genus is the largest in its family.

text: The

text: bird

text: genus

text: Hirundo

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: passerines

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Hirundinidae

text: swallows

text: and

text: martins

text: The

text: genus

text: name

text: is

text: the

text: Latin

text: for

text: swallow

text: These

text: are

text: the

text: typical

text: swallows

text: including

text: the

text: widespread

text: barn

text: swallow

text: Many

text: of

text: this

text: group

text: have

text: blue

text: backs

text: red

text: on

text: the

text: face

text: and

text: sometimes

text: the

text: rump

text: or

text: nape

text: and

text: whitish

text: or

text: rufous

text: underparts

text: With

text: fourteen

text: species

text: this

text: genus

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: its

text: family

text: The dusky crag martin ("Ptyonoprogne concolor") is a small passerine bird in the swallow family. It is about long with a broad body and wings, and a short square tail that has small white patches near the tips of most of its feathers. This martin has sooty-brown upperparts and slightly paler underparts. The two subspecies are resident breeding birds in South Asia from the Indian subcontinent to southwestern China and the northern parts of Thailand, Vietnam and Laos.

text: The

text: dusky

text: crag

text: martin

text: Ptyonoprogne

text: concolor

text: is

text: small

text: passerine

text: bird

text: in

text: the

text: swallow

text: family

text: It

text: is

text: about

text: long

text: with

text: broad

text: body

text: and

text: wings

text: and

text: short

text: square

text: tail

text: that

text: has

text: small

text: white

text: patches

text: near

text: the

text: tips

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: feathers

text: This

text: martin

text: has

text: sooty

text: brown

text: upperparts

text: and

text: slightly

text: paler

text: underparts

text: The

text: two

text: subspecies

text: are

text: resident

text: breeding

text: birds

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: from

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: to

text: southwestern

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: parts

text: of

text: Thailand

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: Laos

text: Flight feathers ("Pennae volatus") are the long, stiff, asymmetrically shaped, but symmetrically paired pennaceous feathers on the wings or tail of a bird; those on the wings are called remiges (singular remex) while those on the tail are called rectrices (singular rectrix). The primary function of the flight feathers is to aid in the generation of both thrust and lift, thereby enabling flight. The flight feathers of some birds have evolved to perform additional functions, generally associated with territorial displays, courtship rituals or feeding methods. In some species, these feathers have developed into long showy plumes used in visual courtship displays, while in others they create a sound during display flights. Tiny serrations on the leading edge of their remiges help owls to fly silently (and therefore hunt more successfully), while the extra-stiff rectrices of woodpeckers help them to brace against tree trunks as they hammer on it. Even flightless birds still retain flight feathers, though sometimes in radically modified forms.

text: Flight

text: feathers

text: Pennae

text: volatus

text: are

text: the

text: long

text: stiff

text: asymmetrically

text: shaped

text: but

text: symmetrically

text: paired

text: pennaceous

text: feathers

text: on

text: the

text: wings

text: or

text: tail

text: of

text: bird

text: those

text: on

text: the

text: wings

text: are

text: called

text: remiges

text: singular

text: remex

text: while

text: those

text: on

text: the

text: tail

text: are

text: called

text: rectrices

text: singular

text: rectrix

text: The

text: primary

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: flight

text: feathers

text: is

text: to

text: aid

text: in

text: the

text: generation

text: of

text: both

text: thrust

text: and

text: lift

text: thereby

text: enabling

text: flight

text: The

text: flight

text: feathers

text: of

text: some

text: birds

text: have

text: evolved

text: to

text: perform

text: additional

text: functions

text: generally

text: associated

text: with

text: territorial

text: displays

text: courtship

text: rituals

text: or

text: feeding

text: methods

text: In

text: some

text: species

text: these

text: feathers

text: have

text: developed

text: into

text: long

text: showy

text: plumes

text: used

text: in

text: visual

text: courtship

text: displays

text: while

text: in

text: others

text: they

text: create

text: sound

text: during

text: display

text: flights

text: Tiny

text: serrations

text: on

text: the

text: leading

text: edge

text: of

text: their

text: remiges

text: help

text: owls

text: to

text: fly

text: silently

text: and

text: therefore

text: hunt

text: more

text: successfully

text: while

text: the

text: extra

text: stiff

text: rectrices

text: of

text: woodpeckers

text: help

text: them

text: to

text: brace

text: against

text: tree

text: trunks

text: as

text: they

text: hammer

text: on

text: it

text: Even

text: flightless

text: birds

text: still

text: retain

text: flight

text: feathers

text: though

text: sometimes

text: in

text: radically

text: modified

text: forms

text: The cuckoo-finch ("Anomalospiza imberbis"), also known as the parasitic weaver or cuckoo weaver, is a small passerine bird now placed in the family Viduidae with the indigobirds and whydahs. It occurs in grassland in Africa south of the Sahara. The male is mainly yellow and green while the female is buff with dark streaks. The eggs are laid in the nests of other birds.

text: The

text: cuckoo

text: finch

text: Anomalospiza

text: imberbis

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: parasitic

text: weaver

text: or

text: cuckoo

text: weaver

text: is

text: small

text: passerine

text: bird

text: now

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Viduidae

text: with

text: the

text: indigobirds

text: and

text: whydahs

text: It

text: occurs

text: in

text: grassland

text: in

text: Africa

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: The

text: male

text: is

text: mainly

text: yellow

text: and

text: green

text: while

text: the

text: female

text: is

text: buff

text: with

text: dark

text: streaks

text: The

text: eggs

text: are

text: laid

text: in

text: the

text: nests

text: of

text: other

text: birds

text: Shrikes are carnivorous passerine birds of the family Laniidae. The family is composed of thirty-one species in four genera. They are fairly closely related to the bush-shrike family Malaconotidae.

text: Shrikes

text: are

text: carnivorous

text: passerine

text: birds

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Laniidae

text: The

text: family

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: thirty

text: one

text: species

text: in

text: four

text: genera

text: They

text: are

text: fairly

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: bush

text: shrike

text: family

text: Malaconotidae

text: A songbird is a bird belonging to the clade Passeri of the perching birds (Passeriformes). Another name that is sometimes seen as a scientific or vernacular name is Oscines, from Latin "oscen", "a songbird". This group contains some 4,000 species found all over the world, in which the vocal organ typically is developed in such a way as to produce a diverse and elaborate bird song.

text: songbird

text: is

text: bird

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: clade

text: Passeri

text: of

text: the

text: perching

text: birds

text: Passeriformes

text: Another

text: name

text: that

text: is

text: sometimes

text: seen

text: as

text: scientific

text: or

text: vernacular

text: name

text: is

text: Oscines

text: from

text: Latin

text: oscen

text: songbird

text: This

text: group

text: contains

text: some

text: species

text: found

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: vocal

text: organ

text: typically

text: is

text: developed

text: in

text: such

text: way

text: as

text: to

text: produce

text: diverse

text: and

text: elaborate

text: bird

text: song

text: Cowbirds are birds belonging to the genus Molothrus in the family Icteridae. They are brood parasitic New World birds which are unrelated to the Old World cuckoos, one of which, the common cuckoo, is the most famous brood parasitic bird.

text: Cowbirds

text: are

text: birds

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Molothrus

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Icteridae

text: They

text: are

text: brood

text: parasitic

text: New

text: World

text: birds

text: which

text: are

text: unrelated

text: to

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: cuckoos

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: common

text: cuckoo

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: brood

text: parasitic

text: bird

text: Passer is a genus of sparrows, also known as the true sparrows. The genus includes the house sparrow and the Eurasian tree sparrow, some of the most common birds in the world. They are small birds with thick bills for eating seeds, and are mostly coloured grey or brown. Native to the Old World, some species have been introduced throughout the world.

text: Passer

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: sparrows

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: true

text: sparrows

text: The

text: genus

text: includes

text: the

text: house

text: sparrow

text: and

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: tree

text: sparrow

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: They

text: are

text: small

text: birds

text: with

text: thick

text: bills

text: for

text: eating

text: seeds

text: and

text: are

text: mostly

text: coloured

text: grey

text: or

text: brown

text: Native

text: to

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: some

text: species

text: have

text: been

text: introduced

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands. The sister group of mammals may be the extinct "Haldanodon." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida, which together with the Sauropsida form the Amniota clade. The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria.

text: Mammals

text: are

text: any

text: vertebrates

text: within

text: the

text: class

text: Mammalia

text: from

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: breast

text: clade

text: of

text: endothermic

text: amniotes

text: distinguished

text: from

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: by

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: neocortex

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: hair

text: three

text: middle

text: ear

text: bones

text: and

text: mammary

text: glands

text: The

text: sister

text: group

text: of

text: mammals

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: extinct

text: Haldanodon

text: The

text: mammals

text: represent

text: the

text: only

text: living

text: Synapsida

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Sauropsida

text: form

text: the

text: Amniota

text: clade

text: The

text: mammals

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Yinotheria

text: including

text: monotrema

text: and

text: the

text: Theriiformes

text: including

text: the

text: theria

text: The cuckoos are a family of birds, Cuculidae, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes. The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separated as distinct families, the Centropodidae and Crotophagidae respectively.

text: The

text: cuckoos

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: birds

text: Cuculidae

text: the

text: sole

text: taxon

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: Cuculiformes

text: The

text: cuckoo

text: family

text: includes

text: the

text: common

text: or

text: European

text: cuckoo

text: roadrunners

text: koels

text: malkohas

text: couas

text: coucals

text: and

text: anis

text: The

text: coucals

text: and

text: anis

text: are

text: sometimes

text: separated

text: as

text: distinct

text: families

text: the

text: Centropodidae

text: and

text: Crotophagidae

text: respectively

text: The pale crag martin ("Ptyonoprogne obsoleta") is a small passerine bird in the swallow family that is resident in northern Africa and in southwestern Asia east to Pakistan. It breeds mainly in the mountains, but also at lower altitudes, especially in rocky areas and around towns. Unlike most swallows, it is often found far from water. It is 1213 cm (4.75.1 in) long, with mainly brown plumage, paler-toned on the upper breast and underwing coverts, and with white "windows" on the spread tail in flight. The sexes are similar in appearance, but juveniles have pale fringes to the upperparts and flight feathers. It was formerly considered to be the northern subspecies of the rock martin of southern Africa, although it is smaller, paler, and whiter-throated than that species. The pale crag martin hunts along cliff faces for flying insects using a slow flight with much gliding. Its call is a soft twitter.

text: The

text: pale

text: crag

text: martin

text: Ptyonoprogne

text: obsoleta

text: is

text: small

text: passerine

text: bird

text: in

text: the

text: swallow

text: family

text: that

text: is

text: resident

text: in

text: northern

text: Africa

text: and

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Asia

text: east

text: to

text: Pakistan

text: It

text: breeds

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: but

text: also

text: at

text: lower

text: altitudes

text: especially

text: in

text: rocky

text: areas

text: and

text: around

text: towns

text: Unlike

text: most

text: swallows

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: found

text: far

text: from

text: water

text: It

text: is

text: cm

text: in

text: long

text: with

text: mainly

text: brown

text: plumage

text: paler

text: toned

text: on

text: the

text: upper

text: breast

text: and

text: underwing

text: coverts

text: and

text: with

text: white

text: windows

text: on

text: the

text: spread

text: tail

text: in

text: flight

text: The

text: sexes

text: are

text: similar

text: in

text: appearance

text: but

text: juveniles

text: have

text: pale

text: fringes

text: to

text: the

text: upperparts

text: and

text: flight

text: feathers

text: It

text: was

text: formerly

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: northern

text: subspecies

text: of

text: the

text: rock

text: martin

text: of

text: southern

text: Africa

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: smaller

text: paler

text: and

text: whiter

text: throated

text: than

text: that

text: species

text: The

text: pale

text: crag

text: martin

text: hunts

text: along

text: cliff

text: faces

text: for

text: flying

text: insects

text: using

text: slow

text: flight

text: with

text: much

text: gliding

text: Its

text: call

text: is

text: soft

text: twitter

text:
A passerine is any bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species. A notable feature of passerines compared to other orders of Aves is the arrangement of their toes, three pointing forward and one back, which facilitates perching. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds, the passerines form one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate orders, with over 5,000 identified species. It has roughly twice as many species as the largest of the mammal orders, the Rodentia. It contains more than 110 families, the second-most of any order of tetrapods (after Squamata, the scaled reptiles).
The passerines contain several groups of brood parasites such as the viduas, cuckoo-finches, and the cowbirds. Most passerines are omnivorous, while the shrikes are carnivorous.

text: passerine

text: is

text: any

text: bird

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Passeriformes

text: which

text: includes

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: bird

text: species

text: notable

text: feature

text: of

text: passerines

text: compared

text: to

text: other

text: orders

text: of

text: Aves

text: is

text: the

text: arrangement

text: of

text: their

text: toes

text: three

text: pointing

text: forward

text: and

text: one

text: back

text: which

text: facilitates

text: perching

text: Sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: perching

text: birds

text: or

text: less

text: accurately

text: as

text: songbirds

text: the

text: passerines

text: form

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: diverse

text: terrestrial

text: vertebrate

text: orders

text: with

text: over

text: identified

text: species

text: It

text: has

text: roughly

text: twice

text: as

text: many

text: species

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: mammal

text: orders

text: the

text: Rodentia

text: It

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: families

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: of

text: any

text: order

text: of

text: tetrapods

text: after

text: Squamata

text: the

text: scaled

text: reptiles

text: The

text: passerines

text: contain

text: several

text: groups

text: of

text: brood

text: parasites

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: viduas

text: cuckoo

text: finches

text: and

text: the

text: cowbirds

text: Most

text: passerines

text: are

text: omnivorous

text: while

text: the

text: shrikes

text: are

text: carnivorous

text: Riparia is a small genus of passerine birds in the swallow family. The genus means "of the riverbank"; it is derived from the Latin "ripa" "riverbank".

text: Riparia

text: is

text: small

text: genus

text: of

text: passerine

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: swallow

text: family

text: The

text: genus

text: means

text: of

text: the

text: riverbank

text: it

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: ripa

text: riverbank

text: The barn swallow ("Hirundo rustica") is the most widespread species of swallow in the world. It is a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts, a long, deeply forked tail and curved, pointed wings. It is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. In Anglophone Europe it is just called the swallow; in Northern Europe it is the only common species called a "swallow" rather than a "martin".

text: The

text: barn

text: swallow

text: Hirundo

text: rustica

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: species

text: of

text: swallow

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: distinctive

text: passerine

text: bird

text: with

text: blue

text: upperparts

text: long

text: deeply

text: forked

text: tail

text: and

text: curved

text: pointed

text: wings

text: It

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: In

text: Anglophone

text: Europe

text: it

text: is

text: just

text: called

text: the

text: swallow

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: common

text: species

text: called

text: swallow

text: rather

text: than

text: martin

text: Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.

text: Asia

text: is

text: Earth

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: hemispheres

text: and

text: sharing

text: the

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: continent

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: civilizations

text: Asia

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: its

text: overall

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: also

text: dense

text: and

text: large

text: settlements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: vast

text: barely

text: populated

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: billion

text: people

question: parent_taxon crag martin

answer: hirundinidae

text: hirundinidae

text: hirundinidae


text: A robot is a machineespecially one programmable by a computercapable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded within. Robots may be constructed to take on human form but most robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard to how they look.

text: robot

text: is

text: machineespecially

text: one

text: programmable

text: by

text: computercapable

text: of

text: carrying

text: out

text: complex

text: series

text: of

text: actions

text: automatically

text: Robots

text: can

text: be

text: guided

text: by

text: an

text: external

text: control

text: device

text: or

text: the

text: control

text: may

text: be

text: embedded

text: within

text: Robots

text: may

text: be

text: constructed

text: to

text: take

text: on

text: human

text: form

text: but

text: most

text: robots

text: are

text: machines

text: designed

text: to

text: perform

text: task

text: with

text: no

text: regard

text: to

text: how

text: they

text: look

text: Interstellar travel is the term used for hypothetical piloted or unpiloted travel between stars or planetary systems. Interstellar travel will be much more difficult than interplanetary spaceflight; the distances between the planets in the Solar System are less than 30 astronomical units (AU)whereas the distances between stars are typically hundreds of thousands of AU, and usually expressed in light-years. Because of the vastness of those distances, interstellar travel would require a high percentage of the speed of light, huge travel time, lasting from decades to millennia or longer, or a combination of both.

text: Interstellar

text: travel

text: is

text: the

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: hypothetical

text: piloted

text: or

text: unpiloted

text: travel

text: between

text: stars

text: or

text: planetary

text: systems

text: Interstellar

text: travel

text: will

text: be

text: much

text: more

text: difficult

text: than

text: interplanetary

text: spaceflight

text: the

text: distances

text: between

text: the

text: planets

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: are

text: less

text: than

text: astronomical

text: units

text: AU)whereas

text: the

text: distances

text: between

text: stars

text: are

text: typically

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: AU

text: and

text: usually

text: expressed

text: in

text: light

text: years

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: vastness

text: of

text: those

text: distances

text: interstellar

text: travel

text: would

text: require

text: high

text: percentage

text: of

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: light

text: huge

text: travel

text: time

text: lasting

text: from

text: decades

text: to

text: millennia

text: or

text: longer

text: or

text: combination

text: of

text: both

text: Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a "literature of ideas." It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction.

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: SF

text: sci

text: fi

text: or

text: scifi

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: typically

text: dealing

text: with

text: imaginative

text: concepts

text: such

text: as

text: futuristic

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: space

text: travel

text: time

text: travel

text: faster

text: than

text: light

text: travel

text: parallel

text: universes

text: and

text: extraterrestrial

text: life

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: explores

text: the

text: potential

text: consequences

text: of

text: scientific

text: and

text: other

text: innovations

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: literature

text: of

text: ideas

text: It

text: usually

text: avoids

text: the

text: supernatural

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: related

text: genre

text: of

text: fantasy

text: historically

text: science

text: fiction

text: stories

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: have

text: grounding

text: in

text: science

text: based

text: fact

text: or

text: theory

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: story

text: was

text: created

text: but

text: this

text: connection

text: is

text: now

text: limited

text: to

text: hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: Then She Found Me is a 2007 American comedy-drama film directed by Helen Hunt. The screenplay by Hunt, Alice Arlen, and Victor Levin is very loosely based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Elinor Lipman. The film marked Hunt's feature film directorial debut.

text: Then

text: She

text: Found

text: Me

text: is

text: American

text: comedy

text: drama

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Helen

text: Hunt

text: The

text: screenplay

text: by

text: Hunt

text: Alice

text: Arlen

text: and

text: Victor

text: Levin

text: is

text: very

text: loosely

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: novel

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: by

text: Elinor

text: Lipman

text: The

text: film

text: marked

text: Hunt

text: 's

text: feature

text: film

text: directorial

text: debut

text: Mad About You is an American sitcom that aired on NBC from September 23, 1992 to May 24, 1999. The show starred Paul Reiser and Helen Hunt as a newly married couple in New York City.

text: Mad

text: About

text: You

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: sitcom

text: that

text: aired

text: on

text: NBC

text: from

text: September

text: to

text: May

text: The

text: show

text: starred

text: Paul

text: Reiser

text: and

text: Helen

text: Hunt

text: as

text: newly

text: married

text: couple

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Helen Elizabeth Hunt (born June 15, 1963) is an American actress, television director, and screenwriter. She starred in the sitcom "Mad About You" for seven years, and played single mother Carol Connelly in the 1997 romantic comedy film "As Good as It Gets", for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. Some of her other notable films include "Twister" (1996), "Cast Away" (2000), "What Women Want" (2000), "Pay It Forward" (2000), and "The Sessions" (2012), the latter garnered her a second Academy Award nomination. She made her directorial debut in 2007 with "Then She Found Me" (2007). Hunt has also won four Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards.

text: Helen

text: Elizabeth

text: Hunt

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actress

text: television

text: director

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: She

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: sitcom

text: Mad

text: About

text: You

text: for

text: seven

text: years

text: and

text: played

text: single

text: mother

text: Carol

text: Connelly

text: in

text: the

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: film

text: As

text: Good

text: as

text: It

text: Gets

text: for

text: which

text: she

text: won

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: Some

text: of

text: her

text: other

text: notable

text: films

text: include

text: Twister

text: Cast

text: Away

text: What

text: Women

text: Want

text: Pay

text: It

text: Forward

text: and

text: The

text: Sessions

text: the

text: latter

text: garnered

text: her

text: second

text: Academy

text: Award

text: nomination

text: She

text: made

text: her

text: directorial

text: debut

text: in

text: with

text: Then

text: She

text: Found

text: Me

text: Hunt

text: has

text: also

text: won

text: four

text: Emmy

text: Awards

text: four

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Awards

text: and

text: two

text: Screen

text: Actors

text: Guild

text: Awards

text: Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

text: Science

text: is

text: systematic

text: enterprise

text: that

text: builds

text: and

text: organizes

text: knowledge

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: testable

text: explanations

text: and

text: predictions

text: about

text: the

text: universe

text: Time travel is the concept of movement (such as by a human) between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in space, typically using a hypothetical device known as a time machine, in the form of a vehicle or of a portal connecting distant points in time. Time travel is a recognized concept in philosophy and fiction, but traveling to an arbitrary point in time has a very limited support in theoretical physics, and usually only in conjunction with quantum mechanics or wormholes, also known as Einstein-Rosen bridges. In a more narrow sense, one-way time travel into the future via time dilation is a well-understood phenomenon within the frameworks of special relativity and general relativity, but advancing a large amount of time is not feasible with current technology. The concept was touched upon in various earlier works of fiction, but was popularized by H. G. Wells' 1895 novel "The Time Machine", which moved the concept of time travel into the public imagination, and it remains a popular subject in science fiction.

text: Time

text: travel

text: is

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: movement

text: such

text: as

text: by

text: human

text: between

text: certain

text: points

text: in

text: time

text: analogous

text: to

text: movement

text: between

text: different

text: points

text: in

text: space

text: typically

text: using

text: hypothetical

text: device

text: known

text: as

text: time

text: machine

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: vehicle

text: or

text: of

text: portal

text: connecting

text: distant

text: points

text: in

text: time

text: Time

text: travel

text: is

text: recognized

text: concept

text: in

text: philosophy

text: and

text: fiction

text: but

text: traveling

text: to

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: point

text: in

text: time

text: has

text: very

text: limited

text: support

text: in

text: theoretical

text: physics

text: and

text: usually

text: only

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: or

text: wormholes

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Einstein

text: Rosen

text: bridges

text: In

text: more

text: narrow

text: sense

text: one

text: way

text: time

text: travel

text: into

text: the

text: future

text: via

text: time

text: dilation

text: is

text: well

text: understood

text: phenomenon

text: within

text: the

text: frameworks

text: of

text: special

text: relativity

text: and

text: general

text: relativity

text: but

text: advancing

text: large

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: is

text: not

text: feasible

text: with

text: current

text: technology

text: The

text: concept

text: was

text: touched

text: upon

text: in

text: various

text: earlier

text: works

text: of

text: fiction

text: but

text: was

text: popularized

text: by

text: Wells

text: novel

text: The

text: Time

text: Machine

text: which

text: moved

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: time

text: travel

text: into

text: the

text: public

text: imagination

text: and

text: it

text: remains

text: popular

text: subject

text: in

text: science

text: fiction

text: Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign.

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Awards

text: are

text: accolades

text: bestowed

text: by

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: Foreign

text: Press

text: Association

text: recognizing

text: excellence

text: in

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: both

text: domestic

text: and

text: foreign

text: A spacecraft is a vehicle, or machine designed to fly in outer space. Spacecraft are used for a variety of purposes, including communications, earth observation, meteorology, navigation, space colonization, planetary exploration, and transportation of humans and cargo.

text: spacecraft

text: is

text: vehicle

text: or

text: machine

text: designed

text: to

text: fly

text: in

text: outer

text: space

text: Spacecraft

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: variety

text: of

text: purposes

text: including

text: communications

text: earth

text: observation

text: meteorology

text: navigation

text: space

text: colonization

text: planetary

text: exploration

text: and

text: transportation

text: of

text: humans

text: and

text: cargo

text: Trancers II is a 1991 American action science fiction film directed by Charles Band . It is the sequel to Trancers starring Tim Thomerson and Helen Hunt . The film has been released on DVD through the Trancers boxset or as a single DVD in Europe .

text: Trancers

text: II

text: is

text: American

text: action

text: science

text: fiction

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Charles

text: Band

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: sequel

text: to

text: Trancers

text: starring

text: Tim

text: Thomerson

text: and

text: Helen

text: Hunt

text: The

text: film

text: has

text: been

text: released

text: on

text: DVD

text: through

text: the

text: Trancers

text: boxset

text: or

text: as

text: single

text: DVD

text: in

text: Europe

text: What Women Want is a 2000 American romantic comedy film written by Josh Goldsmith, Cathy Yuspa and Diane Drake, directed by Nancy Meyers, and starring Mel Gibson and Helen Hunt. The film was a box office success with a North American domestic gross of US$182,811,707 and a worldwide gross of $374,111,707, against a budget of $70 million.

text: What

text: Women

text: Want

text: is

text: American

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: film

text: written

text: by

text: Josh

text: Goldsmith

text: Cathy

text: Yuspa

text: and

text: Diane

text: Drake

text: directed

text: by

text: Nancy

text: Meyers

text: and

text: starring

text: Mel

text: Gibson

text: and

text: Helen

text: Hunt

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: box

text: office

text: success

text: with

text: North

text: American

text: domestic

text: gross

text: of

text: US$

text: and

text: worldwide

text: gross

text: of

text: against

text: budget

text: of

text: million

text: Charles Robert Band (born December 27, 1951) is an American film producer and director, known for his work on horror comedy movies.

text: Charles

text: Robert

text: Band

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: producer

text: and

text: director

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: on

text: horror

text: comedy

text: movies

text: The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry.

text: The

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: is

text: an

text: award

text: presented

text: annually

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: AMPAS

text: It

text: is

text: given

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: an

text: actress

text: who

text: has

text: delivered

text: an

text: outstanding

text: performance

text: in

text: leading

text: role

text: while

text: working

text: within

text: the

text: film

text: industry

text: Science fiction film (or sci-fi) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies. Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition. In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held.

text: Science

text: fiction

text: film

text: or

text: sci

text: fi

text: is

text: genre

text: that

text: uses

text: speculative

text: fictional

text: science

text: based

text: depictions

text: of

text: phenomena

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: fully

text: accepted

text: by

text: mainstream

text: science

text: such

text: as

text: extraterrestrial

text: lifeforms

text: alien

text: worlds

text: extrasensory

text: perception

text: and

text: time

text: travel

text: along

text: with

text: futuristic

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: spacecraft

text: robots

text: cyborgs

text: interstellar

text: travel

text: or

text: other

text: technologies

text: Science

text: fiction

text: films

text: have

text: often

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: political

text: or

text: social

text: issues

text: and

text: to

text: explore

text: philosophical

text: issues

text: like

text: the

text: human

text: condition

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: tropes

text: derived

text: from

text: written

text: science

text: fiction

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: filmmakers

text: ignorant

text: of

text: or

text: at

text: best

text: indifferent

text: to

text: the

text: standards

text: of

text: scientific

text: plausibility

text: and

text: plot

text: logic

text: to

text: which

text: written

text: science

text: fiction

text: is

text: traditionally

text: held

text: Joseph Timothy "Tim" Thomerson (born April 8, 1946) is an American actor and comedian.

text: Joseph

text: Timothy

text: Tim

text: Thomerson

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: comedian

text: Cast Away is a 2000 American epic survival drama film directed and produced by Robert Zemeckis and starring Tom Hanks, Helen Hunt, and Nick Searcy. The film depicts a FedEx employee stranded on an uninhabited island after his plane crashes in the South Pacific and his attempts to survive on the island using remnants of his plane's cargo. The film was a critical and commercial success, and Hanks was nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role at the 73rd Academy Awards for his performance.

text: Cast

text: Away

text: is

text: American

text: epic

text: survival

text: drama

text: film

text: directed

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Robert

text: Zemeckis

text: and

text: starring

text: Tom

text: Hanks

text: Helen

text: Hunt

text: and

text: Nick

text: Searcy

text: The

text: film

text: depicts

text: FedEx

text: employee

text: stranded

text: on

text: an

text: uninhabited

text: island

text: after

text: his

text: plane

text: crashes

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Pacific

text: and

text: his

text: attempts

text: to

text: survive

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: using

text: remnants

text: of

text: his

text: plane

text: 's

text: cargo

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: critical

text: and

text: commercial

text: success

text: and

text: Hanks

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: Best

text: Actor

text: in

text: Leading

text: Role

text: at

text: the

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: for

text: his

text: performance

text: As Good as It Gets is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by James L. Brooks and produced by Laura Ziskin. It stars Jack Nicholson as a misanthropic, racist, obsessive-compulsive novelist, Helen Hunt as a single mother with a chronically ill son, and Greg Kinnear as a gay artist. The screenplay was written by Mark Andrus and James L. Brooks. The paintings were created for the film by New York artist Billy Sullivan, whose work is part of the modern art collection at NYC's Metropolitan Museum of Art and the New Orleans Museum of Art.

text: As

text: Good

text: as

text: It

text: Gets

text: is

text: American

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: James

text: Brooks

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Laura

text: Ziskin

text: It

text: stars

text: Jack

text: Nicholson

text: as

text: misanthropic

text: racist

text: obsessive

text: compulsive

text: novelist

text: Helen

text: Hunt

text: as

text: single

text: mother

text: with

text: chronically

text: ill

text: son

text: and

text: Greg

text: Kinnear

text: as

text: gay

text: artist

text: The

text: screenplay

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: Mark

text: Andrus

text: and

text: James

text: Brooks

text: The

text: paintings

text: were

text: created

text: for

text: the

text: film

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: artist

text: Billy

text: Sullivan

text: whose

text: work

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: art

text: collection

text: at

text: NYC

text: 's

text: Metropolitan

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: Orleans

text: Museum

text: of

text: Art

text: An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award (for film), the Tony Award (for theatre), and the Grammy Award (for music).

text: An

text: Emmy

text: Award

text: or

text: simply

text: Emmy

text: recognizes

text: excellence

text: in

text: the

text: television

text: industry

text: and

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: film

text: the

text: Tony

text: Award

text: for

text: theatre

text: and

text: the

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: for

text: music

text: Trancers is a 1984 science fiction film. It was directed by Charles Band and stars Tim Thomerson and Helen Hunt. It is the first film in the "Trancers" series.

text: Trancers

text: is

text: science

text: fiction

text: film

text: It

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Charles

text: Band

text: and

text: stars

text: Tim

text: Thomerson

text: and

text: Helen

text: Hunt

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: film

text: in

text: the

text: Trancers

text: series

text: The human condition is "the characteristics, key events, and situations which compose the essentials of human existence, such as birth, growth, emotionality, aspiration, conflict, and mortality." This is a very broad topic which has been and continues to be pondered and analyzed from many perspectives, including those of religion, philosophy, history, art, literature, anthropology, psychology, and biology.

text: The

text: human

text: condition

text: is

text: the

text: characteristics

text: key

text: events

text: and

text: situations

text: which

text: compose

text: the

text: essentials

text: of

text: human

text: existence

text: such

text: as

text: birth

text: growth

text: emotionality

text: aspiration

text: conflict

text: and

text: mortality

text: This

text: is

text: very

text: broad

text: topic

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: pondered

text: and

text: analyzed

text: from

text: many

text: perspectives

text: including

text: those

text: of

text: religion

text: philosophy

text: history

text: art

text: literature

text: anthropology

text: psychology

text: and

text: biology

text: A cyborg (short for "cybernetic organism") is a being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts. The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline.

text: cyborg

text: short

text: for

text: cybernetic

text: organism

text: is

text: being

text: with

text: both

text: organic

text: and

text: biomechatronic

text: body

text: parts

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: coined

text: in

text: by

text: Manfred

text: Clynes

text: and

text: Nathan

text: Kline

text: Romantic comedy films (also known as the portmanteaus romedy or romcom) are films with light-hearted, humorous plotlines, centered on romantic ideals such as that true love is able to surmount most obstacles. One dictionary definition is "a funny movie, play, or television program about a love story that ends happily". Another definition states that its "primary distinguishing feature is a love plot in which two sympathetic and well-matched lovers are united or reconciled".

text: Romantic

text: comedy

text: films

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: portmanteaus

text: romedy

text: or

text: romcom

text: are

text: films

text: with

text: light

text: hearted

text: humorous

text: plotlines

text: centered

text: on

text: romantic

text: ideals

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: true

text: love

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: surmount

text: most

text: obstacles

text: One

text: dictionary

text: definition

text: is

text: funny

text: movie

text: play

text: or

text: television

text: program

text: about

text: love

text: story

text: that

text: ends

text: happily

text: Another

text: definition

text: states

text: that

text: its

text: primary

text: distinguishing

text: feature

text: is

text: love

text: plot

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: sympathetic

text: and

text: well

text: matched

text: lovers

text: are

text: united

text: or

text: reconciled

text: A social issue is a problem that influences a considerable number of the individuals within a society. It is often the consequence of factors extending beyond an individual's social issue is the source of a conflicting opinion on the grounds of what is perceived as a morally just personal life or societal order. Social issues are distinguished from economic issues; however, some issues (such as immigration) have both social and economic aspects. There are also issues that don't fall into either category, such as warfare.

text: social

text: issue

text: is

text: problem

text: that

text: influences

text: considerable

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: individuals

text: within

text: society

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: the

text: consequence

text: of

text: factors

text: extending

text: beyond

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: social

text: issue

text: is

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: conflicting

text: opinion

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: perceived

text: as

text: morally

text: just

text: personal

text: life

text: or

text: societal

text: order

text: Social

text: issues

text: are

text: distinguished

text: from

text: economic

text: issues

text: however

text: some

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: immigration

text: have

text: both

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: aspects

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: issues

text: that

text: do

text: n't

text: fall

text: into

text: either

text: category

text: such

text: as

text: warfare

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely single

question: main_subject trancers ii

answer: time travel

text: time travel

text: time travel

text: time travel

text: time travel

text: time travel

text: time travel


text: Saxon Switzerland-East Ore Mountains (German: Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge; ) is a district ("Kreis") in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is named after the mountain ranges Saxon Switzerland and Erzgebirge.

text: Saxon

text: Switzerland

text: East

text: Ore

text: Mountains

text: German

text: Sächsische

text: Schweiz

text: Osterzgebirge

text: is

text: district

text: Kreis

text: in

text: the

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: Saxon

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: Erzgebirge

text: Neustadt in Sachsen is a town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated near the border with the Czech Republic, 35 km east of Dresden (centre), and 23 km southwest of Bautzen. At Neustadt, there is Observation Tower Height of Goetzingen, one of the oldest lattice towers in the world.

text: Neustadt

text: in

text: Sachsen

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: Sächsische

text: Schweiz

text: Osterzgebirge

text: district

text: in

text: the

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: near

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: km

text: east

text: of

text: Dresden

text: centre

text: and

text: km

text: southwest

text: of

text: Bautzen

text: At

text: Neustadt

text: there

text: is

text: Observation

text: Tower

text: Height

text: of

text: Goetzingen

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: lattice

text: towers

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Bautzen (Upper Sorbian: Budyšin ; Lower Sorbian: "Budyšyn" , ) is a hill-top town in eastern Saxony, Germany, and administrative centre of the eponymous district. It is located on the Spree River. , its population is 39,607. Asteroid "11580 Bautzen" is named in honour of the city.

text: Bautzen

text: Upper

text: Sorbian

text: Budyšin

text: Lower

text: Sorbian

text: Budyšyn

text: is

text: hill

text: top

text: town

text: in

text: eastern

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: and

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: eponymous

text: district

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Spree

text: River

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: Asteroid

text: Bautzen

text: is

text: named

text: in

text: honour

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The Czech Republic, also known by the short name Czechia, is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of with mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, has 10.5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague, with over 1.2 million residents. The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia.

text: The

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: short

text: name

text: Czechia

text: is

text: nation

text: state

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: The

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: with

text: mostly

text: temperate

text: continental

text: climate

text: and

text: oceanic

text: climate

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: has

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Prague

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: residents

text: The

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: includes

text: the

text: historical

text: territories

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: Moravia

text: and

text: Czech

text: Silesia

text: Dresden is the capital city and after Leipzig the second-largest city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the border with the Czech Republic.

text: Dresden

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: and

text: after

text: Leipzig

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Saxony

text: in

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: valley

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Elbe

text: near

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Observation Tower Height of Goetzingen is a 25 metres tall observation tower on Height of Goetzingen near Neustadt in Sachsen . Observation Tower Height of Goetzingen was built in 1883 together with an inn in its proximity . Therefore , it is older than Eiffel Tower and one of the oldest lattice towers in the world . In 1992 Observation Tower Height of Goetzingen , from which you have a nice view on Elbe Sandstone Mountains , Ore Mountains and Lusatian Highlands was renovated . The inn , situated close to the tower was closed for a longer period and reopened on April 1st,2006 .

text: Observation

text: Tower

text: Height

text: of

text: Goetzingen

text: is

text: metres

text: tall

text: observation

text: tower

text: on

text: Height

text: of

text: Goetzingen

text: near

text: Neustadt

text: in

text: Sachsen

text: Observation

text: Tower

text: Height

text: of

text: Goetzingen

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: together

text: with

text: an

text: inn

text: in

text: its

text: proximity

text: Therefore

text: it

text: is

text: older

text: than

text: Eiffel

text: Tower

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: lattice

text: towers

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: Observation

text: Tower

text: Height

text: of

text: Goetzingen

text: from

text: which

text: you

text: have

text: nice

text: view

text: on

text: Elbe

text: Sandstone

text: Mountains

text: Ore

text: Mountains

text: and

text: Lusatian

text: Highlands

text: was

text: renovated

text: The

text: inn

text: situated

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: tower

text: was

text: closed

text: for

text: longer

text: period

text: and

text: reopened

text: on

text: April

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity observation tower height of goetzingen

answer: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony


text: Daffy Rents is a 1966 Looney Tunes cartoon featuring Daffy Duck and Speedy Gonzales .

text: Daffy

text: Rents

text: is

text: Looney

text: Tunes

text: cartoon

text: featuring

text: Daffy

text: Duck

text: and

text: Speedy

text: Gonzales

text: Foghorn J. Leghorn is a character that appears in the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" cartoons for Warner Bros. Pictures. He was created by Robert McKimson and writer Warren Foster, and starred in 28 cartoons from 1946 to 1963 in the Golden Age of American Animation. All 28 of these cartoons were directed by McKimson.

text: Foghorn

text: Leghorn

text: is

text: character

text: that

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: Looney

text: Tunes

text: and

text: Merrie

text: Melodies

text: cartoons

text: for

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Pictures

text: He

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: Robert

text: McKimson

text: and

text: writer

text: Warren

text: Foster

text: and

text: starred

text: in

text: cartoons

text: from

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: American

text: Animation

text: All

text: of

text: these

text: cartoons

text: were

text: directed

text: by

text: McKimson

text: Looney Tunes is an American animated series of comedy short films produced by Warner Bros. from 1930 to 1969 during the golden age of American animation, alongside its sister series "Merrie Melodies". It was known for introducing such famous cartoon characters as Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Porky Pig, Elmer Fudd, Tweety Bird, Sylvester the Cat, Yosemite Sam, Foghorn Leghorn, Marvin the Martian, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzales, Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner, the Tasmanian Devil and many others. These characters themselves are commonly referred to as the "Looney Tunes".

text: Looney

text: Tunes

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: animated

text: series

text: of

text: comedy

text: short

text: films

text: produced

text: by

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: from

text: to

text: during

text: the

text: golden

text: age

text: of

text: American

text: animation

text: alongside

text: its

text: sister

text: series

text: Merrie

text: Melodies

text: It

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: introducing

text: such

text: famous

text: cartoon

text: characters

text: as

text: Bugs

text: Bunny

text: Daffy

text: Duck

text: Porky

text: Pig

text: Elmer

text: Fudd

text: Tweety

text: Bird

text: Sylvester

text: the

text: Cat

text: Yosemite

text: Sam

text: Foghorn

text: Leghorn

text: Marvin

text: the

text: Martian

text: Pepé

text: Le

text: Pew

text: Speedy

text: Gonzales

text: Wile

text: Coyote

text: and

text: the

text: Road

text: Runner

text: the

text: Tasmanian

text: Devil

text: and

text: many

text: others

text: These

text: characters

text: themselves

text: are

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Looney

text: Tunes

text: Mickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the official mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey has become one of the world's most recognizable characters.

text: Mickey

text: Mouse

text: is

text: funny

text: animal

text: cartoon

text: character

text: and

text: the

text: official

text: mascot

text: of

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: He

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: and

text: Ub

text: Iwerks

text: at

text: the

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Studios

text: in

text: An

text: anthropomorphic

text: mouse

text: who

text: typically

text: wears

text: red

text: shorts

text: large

text: yellow

text: shoes

text: and

text: white

text: gloves

text: Mickey

text: has

text: become

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: recognizable

text: characters

text: Daffy Duck is an animated cartoon character produced by Warner Bros. Styled as an anthropomorphic black duck, the character has appeared in cartoon series such as "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies", where he usually has been depicted as the best friend and occasional arch-rival of Bugs Bunny. Daffy was one of the first of the new "screwball" characters that emerged in the late 1930s to replace traditional everyman characters who were more popular earlier in the decade, such as Mickey Mouse and Popeye. Daffy starred in 130 shorts in the golden age, making him the third-most frequent character in the "Looney Tunes"/"Merrie Melodies" cartoons, behind Bugs Bunny's 180 appearances and Porky Pig's 162 appearances.

text: Daffy

text: Duck

text: is

text: an

text: animated

text: cartoon

text: character

text: produced

text: by

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Styled

text: as

text: an

text: anthropomorphic

text: black

text: duck

text: the

text: character

text: has

text: appeared

text: in

text: cartoon

text: series

text: such

text: as

text: Looney

text: Tunes

text: and

text: Merrie

text: Melodies

text: where

text: he

text: usually

text: has

text: been

text: depicted

text: as

text: the

text: best

text: friend

text: and

text: occasional

text: arch

text: rival

text: of

text: Bugs

text: Bunny

text: Daffy

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: screwball

text: characters

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: to

text: replace

text: traditional

text: everyman

text: characters

text: who

text: were

text: more

text: popular

text: earlier

text: in

text: the

text: decade

text: such

text: as

text: Mickey

text: Mouse

text: and

text: Popeye

text: Daffy

text: starred

text: in

text: shorts

text: in

text: the

text: golden

text: age

text: making

text: him

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: frequent

text: character

text: in

text: the

text: Looney

text: Tunes"/"Merrie

text: Melodies

text: cartoons

text: behind

text: Bugs

text: Bunny

text: 's

text: appearances

text: and

text: Porky

text: Pig

text: 's

text: appearances

text: An animated series is a set of animated works with a common series title, usually related to one another. These episodes typically share the same main characters, some different secondary characters and a basic theme. Series can have either a finite number of episodes like a miniseries, a definite end, or be open-ended, without a predetermined number of episodes. They can be broadcast on television, shown in movie theatres, released direct-to-video or on the internet. Like animated films, animated series can be of a wide variety of genres and can also have different target audiences, from children to adults.

text: An

text: animated

text: series

text: is

text: set

text: of

text: animated

text: works

text: with

text: common

text: series

text: title

text: usually

text: related

text: to

text: one

text: another

text: These

text: episodes

text: typically

text: share

text: the

text: same

text: main

text: characters

text: some

text: different

text: secondary

text: characters

text: and

text: basic

text: theme

text: Series

text: can

text: have

text: either

text: finite

text: number

text: of

text: episodes

text: like

text: miniseries

text: definite

text: end

text: or

text: be

text: open

text: ended

text: without

text: predetermined

text: number

text: of

text: episodes

text: They

text: can

text: be

text: broadcast

text: on

text: television

text: shown

text: in

text: movie

text: theatres

text: released

text: direct

text: to

text: video

text: or

text: on

text: the

text: internet

text: Like

text: animated

text: films

text: animated

text: series

text: can

text: be

text: of

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: genres

text: and

text: can

text: also

text: have

text: different

text: target

text: audiences

text: from

text: children

text: to

text: adults

question: director daffy rents

answer: robert mckimson

text: robert mckimson