text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Bulgaria (tr. '), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (tr. '), is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of , Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.

text: Bulgaria

text: tr

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: tr

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Romania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Macedonia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: With

text: territory

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: is

text: Europe

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: Montana is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more recently "The Last Best Place". Montana has a border with three Canadian provinces: British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the only state to do so. It also borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and Idaho to the west and southwest. Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains. The eastern half of Montana is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands.

text: Montana

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Spanish

text: word

text: mountain

text: Montana

text: has

text: several

text: nicknames

text: although

text: official

text: including

text: Big

text: Sky

text: Country

text: and

text: The

text: Treasure

text: State

text: and

text: slogans

text: that

text: include

text: Land

text: of

text: the

text: Shining

text: Mountains

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: The

text: Last

text: Best

text: Place

text: Montana

text: has

text: border

text: with

text: three

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Alberta

text: and

text: Saskatchewan

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: It

text: also

text: borders

text: North

text: Dakota

text: and

text: South

text: Dakota

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Wyoming

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Idaho

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: Montana

text: is

text: ranked

text: in

text: size

text: but

text: in

text: population

text: and

text: in

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: western

text: third

text: of

text: Montana

text: contains

text: numerous

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: Smaller

text: island

text: ranges

text: are

text: found

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: In

text: total

text: named

text: ranges

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: The

text: eastern

text: half

text: of

text: Montana

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: western

text: prairie

text: terrain

text: and

text: badlands

text: Prof. Marusya Ivanova Luybcheva ( Bulgarian :   ; born 20 July 1949 , in Mitrovci , Montana district ) is a Bulgarian politician and a Member of the European Parliament of the Coalition for Bulgaria , part of the Party of European Socialists . She became a MEP on 1 January 2007 with the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union . She sits on the European Parliament 's Committee on International Trade , and its Committee on Budgetary Control . She is a substitute for the Committee on Budgets and for the Committee on Women 's Rights and Gender Equality . Prof. Lyubcheva is a member of the Delegation to the EU - Kazakhstan , EU - Kyrgyzstan and EU - Uzbekistan Parliamentary Cooperation Committees , and for relations with Tajikistan , Turkmenistan and Mongolia . She is also a substitute member of the Delegation to the EU - Ukraine Parliamentary Cooperation Committee .

text: Prof

text: Marusya

text: Ivanova

text: Luybcheva

text: Bulgarian

text: born

text: July

text: in

text: Mitrovci

text: Montana

text: district

text: is

text: Bulgarian

text: politician

text: and

text: Member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: Coalition

text: for

text: Bulgaria

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Party

text: of

text: European

text: Socialists

text: She

text: became

text: MEP

text: on

text: January

text: with

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: She

text: sits

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: Parliament

text: 's

text: Committee

text: on

text: International

text: Trade

text: and

text: its

text: Committee

text: on

text: Budgetary

text: Control

text: She

text: is

text: substitute

text: for

text: the

text: Committee

text: on

text: Budgets

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: Committee

text: on

text: Women

text: 's

text: Rights

text: and

text: Gender

text: Equality

text: Prof

text: Lyubcheva

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Delegation

text: to

text: the

text: EU

text: Kazakhstan

text: EU

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: and

text: EU

text: Uzbekistan

text: Parliamentary

text: Cooperation

text: Committees

text: and

text: for

text: relations

text: with

text: Tajikistan

text: Turkmenistan

text: and

text: Mongolia

text: She

text: is

text: also

text: substitute

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Delegation

text: to

text: the

text: EU

text: Ukraine

text: Parliamentary

text: Cooperation

text: Committee

text: The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU). Together with the Council of the European Union (the Council) and the European Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU. The Parliament is composed of 751 (previously 766) members, who represent the second largest democratic electorate in the world (after the Parliament of India) and the largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in 2009).

text: The

text: European

text: Parliament

text: EP

text: is

text: the

text: directly

text: elected

text: parliamentary

text: institution

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: the

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Commission

text: it

text: exercises

text: the

text: legislative

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: EU

text: The

text: Parliament

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: previously

text: members

text: who

text: represent

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: democratic

text: electorate

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: trans

text: national

text: democratic

text: electorate

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: million

text: eligible

text: voters

text: in

text: The Coalition for Bulgaria ("Koalitsiya za Bulgaria", KB, or BSP - Left Bulgaria in 2014) is a leftist electoral alliance in Bulgaria, led by the Bulgarian Socialist Party.

text: The

text: Coalition

text: for

text: Bulgaria

text: Koalitsiya

text: za

text: Bulgaria

text: KB

text: or

text: BSP

text: Left

text: Bulgaria

text: in

text: is

text: leftist

text: electoral

text: alliance

text: in

text: Bulgaria

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Bulgarian

text: Socialist

text: Party

text: Badlands are a type of dry terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded by wind and water. They are characterized by steep slopes, minimal vegetation, lack of a substantial regolith, and high drainage density. They can resemble malpaís, a terrain of volcanic rock. Canyons, ravines, gullies, buttes, mesas, hoodoos and other such geological forms are common in badlands. They are often difficult to navigate by foot. Badlands often have a spectacular color display that alternates from dark black/blue coal stria to bright clays to red scoria.

text: Badlands

text: are

text: type

text: of

text: dry

text: terrain

text: where

text: softer

text: sedimentary

text: rocks

text: and

text: clay

text: rich

text: soils

text: have

text: been

text: extensively

text: eroded

text: by

text: wind

text: and

text: water

text: They

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: steep

text: slopes

text: minimal

text: vegetation

text: lack

text: of

text: substantial

text: regolith

text: and

text: high

text: drainage

text: density

text: They

text: can

text: resemble

text: malpaís

text: terrain

text: of

text: volcanic

text: rock

text: Canyons

text: ravines

text: gullies

text: buttes

text: mesas

text: hoodoos

text: and

text: other

text: such

text: geological

text: forms

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: badlands

text: They

text: are

text: often

text: difficult

text: to

text: navigate

text: by

text: foot

text: Badlands

text: often

text: have

text: spectacular

text: color

text: display

text: that

text: alternates

text: from

text: dark

text: black

text: blue

text: coal

text: stria

text: to

text: bright

text: clays

text: to

text: red

text: scoria

text: The Bulgarian Socialist Party (; "Bulgarska sotsialisticheska partiya", BSP), known as the Centenarian (, "Stoletnitsata"), is a social-democratic political party in Bulgaria and successor to the Bulgarian Communist Party. The BSP is a member of the Party of European Socialists and Socialist International. It is the leading component of the Coalition for Bulgaria centre-left coalition.

text: The

text: Bulgarian

text: Socialist

text: Party

text: Bulgarska

text: sotsialisticheska

text: partiya

text: BSP

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Centenarian

text: Stoletnitsata

text: is

text: social

text: democratic

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: Bulgarian

text: Communist

text: Party

text: The

text: BSP

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Party

text: of

text: European

text: Socialists

text: and

text: Socialist

text: International

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: leading

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Coalition

text: for

text: Bulgaria

text: centre

text: left

text: coalition

text: The European Council "(French: Conseil européen)", charged with defining the EU's overall political direction and priorities, is the institution of the European Union (EU) that comprises the heads of state or government of the member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy also takes part in its meetings. Established as an informal summit in 1975, the European Council was formalised as an institution in 2009 upon the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. Its current President is Donald Tusk.

text: The

text: European

text: Council

text: French

text: Conseil

text: européen

text: charged

text: with

text: defining

text: the

text: EU

text: 's

text: overall

text: political

text: direction

text: and

text: priorities

text: is

text: the

text: institution

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: heads

text: of

text: state

text: or

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Commission

text: The

text: High

text: Representative

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: for

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: and

text: Security

text: Policy

text: also

text: takes

text: part

text: in

text: its

text: meetings

text: Established

text: as

text: an

text: informal

text: summit

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Council

text: was

text: formalised

text: as

text: an

text: institution

text: in

text: upon

text: the

text: entry

text: into

text: force

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Lisbon

text: Its

text: current

text: President

text: is

text: Donald

text: Tusk

text:
Greece (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ' ), historically also known as Hellas ("" ), is a country in southeastern Europe.
Greece's population is approximately 10.955 million as of 2015. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.

text: Greece

text: officially

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: Republic

text: Greek

text: historically

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Hellas

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: Greece

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: approximately

text: million

text: as

text: of

text: Athens

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: followed

text: by

text: Thessaloniki

text: A European political party (formally, a political party at European level; informally a Europarty) is a type of political party organisation operating transnationally in Europe and in the institutions of the European Union. They are regulated and funded by the European Union and are usually made up of national parties, not individuals. Europarties have the exclusive right to campaign during the European elections and express themselves within the European Parliament by their affiliated political groups and their MEPs. Europarties, through coordination meetings with their affiliated heads of state and government, influence the decision-making process of the European Council. Europarties also work closely and co-ordinate with their affiliated members of the European Commission and, according to the Lisbon Treaty the Europarty that wins the European elections has the right to nominate to the European Council its candidate for President of the European Commission.

text: European

text: political

text: party

text: formally

text: political

text: party

text: at

text: European

text: level

text: informally

text: Europarty

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: political

text: party

text: organisation

text: operating

text: transnationally

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: They

text: are

text: regulated

text: and

text: funded

text: by

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: are

text: usually

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: national

text: parties

text: not

text: individuals

text: Europarties

text: have

text: the

text: exclusive

text: right

text: to

text: campaign

text: during

text: the

text: European

text: elections

text: and

text: express

text: themselves

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Parliament

text: by

text: their

text: affiliated

text: political

text: groups

text: and

text: their

text: MEPs

text: Europarties

text: through

text: coordination

text: meetings

text: with

text: their

text: affiliated

text: heads

text: of

text: state

text: and

text: government

text: influence

text: the

text: decision

text: making

text: process

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Council

text: Europarties

text: also

text: work

text: closely

text: and

text: co

text: ordinate

text: with

text: their

text: affiliated

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Commission

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Lisbon

text: Treaty

text: the

text: Europarty

text: that

text: wins

text: the

text: European

text: elections

text: has

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: nominate

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: Council

text: its

text: candidate

text: for

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Commission

text: Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.

text: Turkey

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Turkish

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: mainly

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: with

text: smaller

text: portion

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Turkey

text: is

text: democratic

text: secular

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: with

text: diverse

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: Turkey

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: eight

text: countries

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Armenia

text: the

text: Azerbaijani

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: which

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: divide

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: they

text: also

text: separate

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: location

text: has

text: given

text: it

text: geopolitical

text: and

text: strategic

text: importance

text: throughout

text: history

text: North Dakota (locally ) is the 39th state of the United States, having been admitted to the union on November 2, 1889.

text: North

text: Dakota

text: locally

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: having

text: been

text: admitted

text: to

text: the

text: union

text: on

text: November

text: Romania is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Moldova. It has an area of and a temperate-continental climate. With 19.94 million inhabitants, the country is the seventh-most-populous member state of the European Union. The capital and largest city, Bucharest, with its 1,883,425 inhabitants is the sixth-largest city in the EU.

text: Romania

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: Bulgaria

text: Ukraine

text: Hungary

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Moldova

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: temperate

text: continental

text: climate

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Bucharest

text: with

text: its

text: inhabitants

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: EU

text: Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Relative to its small territory, it is a diverse country distinguished by a "transitional" character, situated along cultural, geographic, climatic and other boundaries. Serbia is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the southwest; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents, and its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the largest cities in Southeast Europe.

text: Serbia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Serbia

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: covering

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pannonian

text: Plain

text: and

text: the

text: central

text: Balkans

text: Relative

text: to

text: its

text: small

text: territory

text: it

text: is

text: diverse

text: country

text: distinguished

text: by

text: transitional

text: character

text: situated

text: along

text: cultural

text: geographic

text: climatic

text: and

text: other

text: boundaries

text: Serbia

text: is

text: landlocked

text: and

text: borders

text: Hungary

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Romania

text: and

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Macedonia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Croatia

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: and

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: it

text: also

text: claims

text: border

text: with

text: Albania

text: through

text: the

text: disputed

text: territory

text: of

text: Kosovo

text: Serbia

text: numbers

text: around

text: million

text: residents

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: Belgrade

text: ranks

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Sergei Dmitrievich Stanishev (born May 5, 1966) is a Bulgarian politician who was the leader of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) from 2001 until 2014. He is the President of the Party of European Socialists, the second-largest party in the European Parliament since 2011. He was Prime Minister of Bulgaria from 2005 to 2009.

text: Sergei

text: Dmitrievich

text: Stanishev

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: Bulgarian

text: politician

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Bulgarian

text: Socialist

text: Party

text: BSP

text: from

text: until

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Party

text: of

text: European

text: Socialists

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Parliament

text: since

text: He

text: was

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: from

text: to

text: The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a social-democratic European political party. The PES comprises national-level political parties primarily from member states of the European Union (EU) and other nations of the European continent. The PES member parties are themselves mostly members of the Progressive Alliance or Socialist International. The political group in the European Parliament of the PES is the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D). The PES also operates in the Committee of the Regions (in the PES Group in the Committee of the Regions) and the European Council. The PES is currently led by Sergei Stanishev, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria.

text: The

text: Party

text: of

text: European

text: Socialists

text: PES

text: is

text: social

text: democratic

text: European

text: political

text: party

text: The

text: PES

text: comprises

text: national

text: level

text: political

text: parties

text: primarily

text: from

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: and

text: other

text: nations

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: The

text: PES

text: member

text: parties

text: are

text: themselves

text: mostly

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Progressive

text: Alliance

text: or

text: Socialist

text: International

text: The

text: political

text: group

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: PES

text: is

text: the

text: Progressive

text: Alliance

text: of

text: Socialists

text: and

text: Democrats

text: S&D

text: The

text: PES

text: also

text: operates

text: in

text: the

text: Committee

text: of

text: the

text: Regions

text: in

text: the

text: PES

text: Group

text: in

text: the

text: Committee

text: of

text: the

text: Regions

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Council

text: The

text: PES

text: is

text: currently

text: led

text: by

text: Sergei

text: Stanishev

text: former

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Bulgaria

annotations: likely multiple

question: member_of_political_party marusya ivanova lyubcheva

answer: bulgarian socialist party

text: bulgarian socialist party

text: bulgarian socialist party

text: bulgarian socialist party


text: In the Vedas, Indra is the king of Svarga and the Devas . He is the god of lightning, thunder, storms, rains and river flows. Indra is the most referred to deity in the "Rigveda". He is celebrated for his powers, and the one who kills the great symbolic evil named Vritra who obstructs human prosperity and happiness. Indra destroys Vritra and his "deceiving forces", and thereby brings rains and the sunshine as the friend of mankind. His importance diminishes in the post-Vedic Indian literature where he is depicted as a powerful hero but one who is getting in trouble with his drunken, hedonistic and adulterous ways, and the god who disturbs Hindu monks as they meditate because he fears self-realized human beings may become more powerful than him.

text: In

text: the

text: Vedas

text: Indra

text: is

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: Svarga

text: and

text: the

text: Devas

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: god

text: of

text: lightning

text: thunder

text: storms

text: rains

text: and

text: river

text: flows

text: Indra

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: referred

text: to

text: deity

text: in

text: the

text: Rigveda

text: He

text: is

text: celebrated

text: for

text: his

text: powers

text: and

text: the

text: one

text: who

text: kills

text: the

text: great

text: symbolic

text: evil

text: named

text: Vritra

text: who

text: obstructs

text: human

text: prosperity

text: and

text: happiness

text: Indra

text: destroys

text: Vritra

text: and

text: his

text: deceiving

text: forces

text: and

text: thereby

text: brings

text: rains

text: and

text: the

text: sunshine

text: as

text: the

text: friend

text: of

text: mankind

text: His

text: importance

text: diminishes

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: Vedic

text: Indian

text: literature

text: where

text: he

text: is

text: depicted

text: as

text: powerful

text: hero

text: but

text: one

text: who

text: is

text: getting

text: in

text: trouble

text: with

text: his

text: drunken

text: hedonistic

text: and

text: adulterous

text: ways

text: and

text: the

text: god

text: who

text: disturbs

text: Hindu

text: monks

text: as

text: they

text: meditate

text: because

text: he

text: fears

text: self

text: realized

text: human

text: beings

text: may

text: become

text: more

text: powerful

text: than

text: him

text: Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism. It has historically been used as a geographical, cultural, rather than a religious identifier for people indigenous to South Asia.

text: Hindu

text: refers

text: to

text: any

text: person

text: who

text: regards

text: themselves

text: as

text: culturally

text: ethnically

text: or

text: religiously

text: adhering

text: to

text: aspects

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: It

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: geographical

text: cultural

text: rather

text: than

text: religious

text: identifier

text: for

text: people

text: indigenous

text: to

text: South

text: Asia

text: In Hinduism, Svarga (or Swarga), also known as Swarga Loka, is any of the eight loka or planes in Hindu cosmology, which sequentially are Bhu loka (Prithvi Loka, Earth), Bhuvar loka, Swarga loka, Mahar loka, Jana loka, Tapa loka, Satyaloka (Brahmaloka), and the highest Goloka. It is a set of heavenly worlds located on and above Mt. Meru. It is a heaven where the righteous live in a paradise before their next incarnation. During each pralaya, the great dissolution, the first three realms, Bhu loka (Earth), Bhuvar loka, and Swarga loka, are destroyed. Below the seven upper realms lie seven lower realms, of Patala, the underworld and netherworld.

text: In

text: Hinduism

text: Svarga

text: or

text: Swarga

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Swarga

text: Loka

text: is

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: eight

text: loka

text: or

text: planes

text: in

text: Hindu

text: cosmology

text: which

text: sequentially

text: are

text: Bhu

text: loka

text: Prithvi

text: Loka

text: Earth

text: Bhuvar

text: loka

text: Swarga

text: loka

text: Mahar

text: loka

text: Jana

text: loka

text: Tapa

text: loka

text: Satyaloka

text: Brahmaloka

text: and

text: the

text: highest

text: Goloka

text: It

text: is

text: set

text: of

text: heavenly

text: worlds

text: located

text: on

text: and

text: above

text: Mt.

text: Meru

text: It

text: is

text: heaven

text: where

text: the

text: righteous

text: live

text: in

text: paradise

text: before

text: their

text: next

text: incarnation

text: During

text: each

text: pralaya

text: the

text: great

text: dissolution

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: realms

text: Bhu

text: loka

text: Earth

text: Bhuvar

text: loka

text: and

text: Swarga

text: loka

text: are

text: destroyed

text: Below

text: the

text: seven

text: upper

text: realms

text: lie

text: seven

text: lower

text: realms

text: of

text: Patala

text: the

text: underworld

text: and

text: netherworld

text: The Panis (Sanskrit:  : ) are a class of demons in the Rigveda, from "pai-", a term for "bargainer, miser," especially applied to one who is sparing of sacrificial oblations. The Panis appear in RV 10.108 as watchers over stolen cows. They are located behind the stream Ras, and sought out by Sarama. They boast to Sarama that they are well-armed and will not yield the cows without battle, and that the cows are furthermore well hidden in a rocky chamber. Sarama threatens them with the might of Indra and the Angirasas who will recover the cows.

text: The

text: Panis

text: Sanskrit

text: are

text: class

text: of

text: demons

text: in

text: the

text: Rigveda

text: from

text: pai-

text: term

text: for

text: bargainer

text: miser

text: especially

text: applied

text: to

text: one

text: who

text: is

text: sparing

text: of

text: sacrificial

text: oblations

text: The

text: Panis

text: appear

text: in

text: RV

text: as

text: watchers

text: over

text: stolen

text: cows

text: They

text: are

text: located

text: behind

text: the

text: stream

text: Ras

text: and

text: sought

text: out

text: by

text: Sarama

text: They

text: boast

text: to

text: Sarama

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: well

text: armed

text: and

text: will

text: not

text: yield

text: the

text: cows

text: without

text: battle

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: cows

text: are

text: furthermore

text: well

text: hidden

text: in

text: rocky

text: chamber

text: Sarama

text: threatens

text: them

text: with

text: the

text: might

text: of

text: Indra

text: and

text: the

text: Angirasas

text: who

text: will

text: recover

text: the

text: cows

text: The Mahabharata or Mahbhrata (US ; UK  "") is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the "Ramayana".

text: The

text: Mahabharata

text: or

text: Mahbhrata

text: US

text: UK

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: major

text: Sanskrit

text: epics

text: of

text: ancient

text: India

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: the

text: Ramayana

text: Hinduism is a religion, or a way of life, found most notably in India and Nepal. Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as "", "the eternal law," or the "eternal way," beyond human origins. Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder. This "Hindu synthesis" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).

text: Hinduism

text: is

text: religion

text: or

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: found

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: Nepal

text: Hinduism

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: oldest

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: some

text: practitioners

text: and

text: scholars

text: refer

text: to

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: eternal

text: law

text: or

text: the

text: eternal

text: way

text: beyond

text: human

text: origins

text: Scholars

text: regard

text: Hinduism

text: as

text: fusion

text: or

text: synthesis

text: of

text: various

text: Indian

text: cultures

text: and

text: traditions

text: with

text: diverse

text: roots

text: and

text: no

text: founder

text: This

text: Hindu

text: synthesis

text: started

text: to

text: develop

text: between

text: BCE

text: and

text: CE

text: following

text: the

text: Vedic

text: period

text: BCE

text: to

text: BCE

text: In Hindu mythology , Sarama ( Sanskrit :  , Saram ; Tamil : Carapai ; Thai : Trichada ; Malay : Marcu Dewi ) is a mythological being referred to as the dog of the gods , or Deva - shuni (  -  , devaun ) . She first appears in one of Hinduism 's earliest texts , the Rig Veda , in which she helps the god - king Indra to recover divine cows stolen by the Panis , a class of demons . This legend is alluded to in many later texts , and Sarama is often associated with Indra . The epic Mahabharata , and some Puranas , also make brief reference to Sarama . Early Rig - Vedic works do not depict Sarama as canine , but later Vedic mythologies and interpretations usually do . She is described as the mother of all dogs , in particular of the two four - eyed brindle dogs of the god Yama , and dogs are given the matronymic Sarameya ( `` offspring of Sarama '' ) . One scripture further describes Sarama as the mother of all wild animals .

text: In

text: Hindu

text: mythology

text: Sarama

text: Sanskrit

text: Saram

text: Tamil

text: Carapai

text: Thai

text: Trichada

text: Malay

text: Marcu

text: Dewi

text: is

text: mythological

text: being

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: dog

text: of

text: the

text: gods

text: or

text: Deva

text: shuni

text: devaun

text: She

text: first

text: appears

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: 's

text: earliest

text: texts

text: the

text: Rig

text: Veda

text: in

text: which

text: she

text: helps

text: the

text: god

text: king

text: Indra

text: to

text: recover

text: divine

text: cows

text: stolen

text: by

text: the

text: Panis

text: class

text: of

text: demons

text: This

text: legend

text: is

text: alluded

text: to

text: in

text: many

text: later

text: texts

text: and

text: Sarama

text: is

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: Indra

text: The

text: epic

text: Mahabharata

text: and

text: some

text: Puranas

text: also

text: make

text: brief

text: reference

text: to

text: Sarama

text: Early

text: Rig

text: Vedic

text: works

text: do

text: not

text: depict

text: Sarama

text: as

text: canine

text: but

text: later

text: Vedic

text: mythologies

text: and

text: interpretations

text: usually

text: do

text: She

text: is

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: all

text: dogs

text: in

text: particular

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: four

text: eyed

text: brindle

text: dogs

text: of

text: the

text: god

text: Yama

text: and

text: dogs

text: are

text: given

text: the

text: matronymic

text: Sarameya

text: offspring

text: of

text: Sarama

text: One

text: scripture

text: further

text: describes

text: Sarama

text: as

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: all

text: wild

text: animals

text: Rasa ("" ) means "moisture, humidity" in Vedic Sanskrit, and appears as the name of a western tributary of the Indus in the Rigveda (verse 5.53.9).

text: Rasa

text: means

text: moisture

text: humidity

text: in

text: Vedic

text: Sanskrit

text: and

text: appears

text: as

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: western

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Indus

text: in

text: the

text: Rigveda

text: verse

text: In the early Vedic religion, Vritra (Sanskrit: , ', lit. 'enveloper') is a serpent or dragon, the personification of drought and adversary of Indra. In Hinduism, Vritra is identified as an Asura. Vritra was also known in the Vedas as Ahi (Sanskrit: ', lit. 'snake'). He appears as a dragon blocking the course of the rivers and is heroically slain by Indra.

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Vedic

text: religion

text: Vritra

text: Sanskrit

text: lit

text: enveloper

text: is

text: serpent

text: or

text: dragon

text: the

text: personification

text: of

text: drought

text: and

text: adversary

text: of

text: Indra

text: In

text: Hinduism

text: Vritra

text: is

text: identified

text: as

text: an

text: Asura

text: Vritra

text: was

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: Vedas

text: as

text: Ahi

text: Sanskrit

text: lit

text: snake

text: He

text: appears

text: as

text: dragon

text: blocking

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: rivers

text: and

text: is

text: heroically

text: slain

text: by

text: Indra

text: Jainism (or ), traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion belonging to the "ramaa" tradition. The central tenet is non-violence and respect towards all living beings. The three main principles of Jainism are "ahimsa" (non-violence), "anekantavada" (non-absolutism) and "aparigraha" (non-possessiveness). Followers of Jainism take five main vows: "ahimsa" (non-violence), "satya" (not lying), "asteya" (not stealing), "brahmacharya" (chastity) and "aparigraha" (non-attachment). Jain monks and nuns observe these vows absolutely whereas householders ("rvakas") observe them within their practical limitations. Self-discipline and asceticism are thus major focuses of Jainism. Notably, Mahatma Gandhi was greatly influenced by Jainism and adopted many Jain principles in his life.

text: Jainism

text: or

text: traditionally

text: known

text: as

text: Jain

text: Dharma

text: is

text: an

text: ancient

text: Indian

text: religion

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: ramaa

text: tradition

text: The

text: central

text: tenet

text: is

text: non

text: violence

text: and

text: respect

text: towards

text: all

text: living

text: beings

text: The

text: three

text: main

text: principles

text: of

text: Jainism

text: are

text: ahimsa

text: non

text: violence

text: anekantavada

text: non

text: absolutism

text: and

text: aparigraha

text: non

text: possessiveness

text: Followers

text: of

text: Jainism

text: take

text: five

text: main

text: vows

text: ahimsa

text: non

text: violence

text: satya

text: not

text: lying

text: asteya

text: not

text: stealing

text: brahmacharya

text: chastity

text: and

text: aparigraha

text: non

text: attachment

text: Jain

text: monks

text: and

text: nuns

text: observe

text: these

text: vows

text: absolutely

text: whereas

text: householders

text: rvakas

text: observe

text: them

text: within

text: their

text: practical

text: limitations

text: Self

text: discipline

text: and

text: asceticism

text: are

text: thus

text: major

text: focuses

text: of

text: Jainism

text: Notably

text: Mahatma

text: Gandhi

text: was

text: greatly

text: influenced

text: by

text: Jainism

text: and

text: adopted

text: many

text: Jain

text: principles

text: in

text: his

text: life

text: Sanskrit (English pronunciation:; written in Devanagari script ; : or ', originally ', "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism and "Mahyna" Buddhism, a philosophical language in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism. It was also a literary language that was in use as a "lingua franca" in ancient and medieval South Asia. It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies.

text: Sanskrit

text: English

text: pronunciation

text: written

text: in

text: Devanagari

text: script

text: or

text: originally

text: refined

text: speech

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: sacred

text: language

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: and

text: Mahyna

text: Buddhism

text: philosophical

text: language

text: in

text: Hinduism

text: Jainism

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: Sikhism

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: literary

text: language

text: that

text: was

text: in

text: use

text: as

text: lingua

text: franca

text: in

text: ancient

text: and

text: medieval

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: standardised

text: dialect

text: of

text: Old

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: originating

text: as

text: Vedic

text: Sanskrit

text: and

text: tracing

text: its

text: linguistic

text: ancestry

text: back

text: to

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: Iranian

text: and

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: European

text: Today

text: it

text: is

text: listed

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: scheduled

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Uttarakhand

text: As

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: for

text: which

text: substantial

text: written

text: documentation

text: exists

text: Sanskrit

text: holds

text: prominent

text: position

text: in

text: Indo

text: European

text: studies

text: The word Puranas ("") literally means "ancient, old", and it is a vast genre of Indian literature about a wide range of topics, particularly myths, legends and other traditional lore. Composed primarily in Sanskrit, but also in regional languages, several of these texts are named after major Hindu deities such as Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. The Puranas genre of literature is found in both Hinduism and Jainism.

text: The

text: word

text: Puranas

text: literally

text: means

text: ancient

text: old

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: vast

text: genre

text: of

text: Indian

text: literature

text: about

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: topics

text: particularly

text: myths

text: legends

text: and

text: other

text: traditional

text: lore

text: Composed

text: primarily

text: in

text: Sanskrit

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: regional

text: languages

text: several

text: of

text: these

text: texts

text: are

text: named

text: after

text: major

text: Hindu

text: deities

text: such

text: as

text: Vishnu

text: Shiva

text: and

text: Devi

text: The

text: Puranas

text: genre

text: of

text: literature

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: both

text: Hinduism

text: and

text: Jainism

text: Dev is the Sanskrit word for "goddess"; the masculine form is Deva. Devi  the feminine form, and Deva  the masculine form, mean "heavenly, divine, anything of excellence", and are also gender specific terms for a deity in Hinduism.

text: Dev

text: is

text: the

text: Sanskrit

text: word

text: for

text: goddess

text: the

text: masculine

text: form

text: is

text: Deva

text: Devi

text: the

text: feminine

text: form

text: and

text: Deva

text: the

text: masculine

text: form

text: mean

text: heavenly

text: divine

text: anything

text: of

text: excellence

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: gender

text: specific

text: terms

text: for

text: deity

text: in

text: Hinduism

text: The Ramayana ("") is an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. Along with the "Mahabharata", it forms the Sanskrit "Itihasa".

text: The

text: Ramayana

text: is

text: an

text: ancient

text: Indian

text: epic

text: poem

text: which

text: narrates

text: the

text: struggle

text: of

text: the

text: divine

text: prince

text: Rama

text: to

text: rescue

text: his

text: wife

text: Sita

text: from

text: the

text: demon

text: king

text: Ravana

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: Mahabharata

text: it

text: forms

text: the

text: Sanskrit

text: Itihasa

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: instance_of sarama

answer: devi

text: devi

text: devi


text: Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pini who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his "".

text: Linguistics

text: is

text: the

text: scientific

text: study

text: of

text: language

text: and

text: involves

text: an

text: analysis

text: of

text: language

text: form

text: language

text: meaning

text: and

text: language

text: in

text: context

text: The

text: earliest

text: activities

text: in

text: the

text: documentation

text: and

text: description

text: of

text: language

text: have

text: been

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Indian

text: grammarian

text: Pini

text: who

text: wrote

text: formal

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: Sanskrit

text: language

text: in

text: his

text: Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so, and a language is any specific example of such a system. The scientific study of language is called linguistics. Questions concerning the philosophy of language, such as whether words can represent experience, have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece. Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought. 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language. Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky.

text: Language

text: is

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: acquire

text: and

text: use

text: complex

text: systems

text: of

text: communication

text: particularly

text: the

text: human

text: ability

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: and

text: language

text: is

text: any

text: specific

text: example

text: of

text: such

text: system

text: The

text: scientific

text: study

text: of

text: language

text: is

text: called

text: linguistics

text: Questions

text: concerning

text: the

text: philosophy

text: of

text: language

text: such

text: as

text: whether

text: words

text: can

text: represent

text: experience

text: have

text: been

text: debated

text: since

text: Gorgias

text: and

text: Plato

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: Thinkers

text: such

text: as

text: Rousseau

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: language

text: originated

text: from

text: emotions

text: while

text: others

text: like

text: Kant

text: have

text: held

text: that

text: it

text: originated

text: from

text: rational

text: and

text: logical

text: thought

text: century

text: philosophers

text: such

text: as

text: Wittgenstein

text: argued

text: that

text: philosophy

text: is

text: really

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: language

text: Major

text: figures

text: in

text: linguistics

text: include

text: Ferdinand

text: de

text: Saussure

text: and

text: Noam

text: Chomsky

text: Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity. This covers the ancient Mediterranean world, particularly ancient Greece and Rome. It encompasses the study of ancient languages, literature, philosophy, history, and archaeology. Traditionally in the West, the study of the Greek and Roman classics was considered one of the cornerstones of the humanities and a necessary part of a rounded education. Since the 20th century, however, Classics is no longer a part of a typical elite education.

text: Classics

text: or

text: classical

text: studies

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: This

text: covers

text: the

text: ancient

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: particularly

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: and

text: Rome

text: It

text: encompasses

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: ancient

text: languages

text: literature

text: philosophy

text: history

text: and

text: archaeology

text: Traditionally

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: classics

text: was

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: cornerstones

text: of

text: the

text: humanities

text: and

text: necessary

text: part

text: of

text: rounded

text: education

text: Since

text: the

text: century

text: however

text: Classics

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: part

text: of

text: typical

text: elite

text: education

text: Robert Anderson Hall , Jr. ( 1911 -- 1997 ) was an American linguist and specialist in the Romance languages . He was a professor of Linguistics at Cornell University and the first president of The Wodehouse Society ( US ) . Hall was an early promoter of the linguistics of Creole languages , and published broadly within the field . Under the auspices of the United States Armed Services Institute , he wrote a structuralist description of Melanesian Pidgin English in 1943 . Among other creoles and pidgin languages , he studied Sranan of Surinam and Haitian Creole . Hall organized the successful spoken language learning method for soldiers in the Second World War . Hall criticized Basic English because it encouraged the use of multi-meaning words ( such as get ) under the guise of simplicity . Hall took the controversial view that the Kensington Runestone , a purported relic of an early Viking visit to what is now Minnesota in North America , was authentic .

text: Robert

text: Anderson

text: Hall

text: Jr.

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: linguist

text: and

text: specialist

text: in

text: the

text: Romance

text: languages

text: He

text: was

text: professor

text: of

text: Linguistics

text: at

text: Cornell

text: University

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: president

text: of

text: The

text: Wodehouse

text: Society

text: US

text: Hall

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: promoter

text: of

text: the

text: linguistics

text: of

text: Creole

text: languages

text: and

text: published

text: broadly

text: within

text: the

text: field

text: Under

text: the

text: auspices

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Services

text: Institute

text: he

text: wrote

text: structuralist

text: description

text: of

text: Melanesian

text: Pidgin

text: English

text: in

text: Among

text: other

text: creoles

text: and

text: pidgin

text: languages

text: he

text: studied

text: Sranan

text: of

text: Surinam

text: and

text: Haitian

text: Creole

text: Hall

text: organized

text: the

text: successful

text: spoken

text: language

text: learning

text: method

text: for

text: soldiers

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: Hall

text: criticized

text: Basic

text: English

text: because

text: it

text: encouraged

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: multi

text: meaning

text: words

text: such

text: as

text: get

text: under

text: the

text: guise

text: of

text: simplicity

text: Hall

text: took

text: the

text: controversial

text: view

text: that

text: the

text: Kensington

text: Runestone

text: purported

text: relic

text: of

text: an

text: early

text: Viking

text: visit

text: to

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Minnesota

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: was

text: authentic

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: ConTEXT is a text editor for Microsoft Windows. It has built-in syntax highlighters for C, C++, Pascal, Delphi, FORTRAN, 80x86 assembler, Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic, Perl, CGI, HTML, SQL, Python, PHP, Tcl, Tk and its own syntax highlighter definition language. Other features are code templates and the ability to work with several document windows using the Multiple Document Interface. ConTEXT can integrate compilers to compile source code from within the editor, and run external tools to manipulate loaded files (e.g. Pretty Printer). The output of such external programs, e.g. error messages, can be captured for further use. Incremental search and basic regular expressions are supported for searching and replacing. ConTEXT is available in many languages.

text: ConTEXT

text: is

text: text

text: editor

text: for

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: It

text: has

text: built

text: in

text: syntax

text: highlighters

text: for

text: C++

text: Pascal

text: Delphi

text: FORTRAN

text: assembler

text: Java

text: JavaScript

text: Visual

text: Basic

text: Perl

text: CGI

text: HTML

text: SQL

text: Python

text: PHP

text: Tcl

text: Tk

text: and

text: its

text: own

text: syntax

text: highlighter

text: definition

text: language

text: Other

text: features

text: are

text: code

text: templates

text: and

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: work

text: with

text: several

text: document

text: windows

text: using

text: the

text: Multiple

text: Document

text: Interface

text: ConTEXT

text: can

text: integrate

text: compilers

text: to

text: compile

text: source

text: code

text: from

text: within

text: the

text: editor

text: and

text: run

text: external

text: tools

text: to

text: manipulate

text: loaded

text: files

text: e.g.

text: Pretty

text: Printer

text: The

text: output

text: of

text: such

text: external

text: programs

text: e.g.

text: error

text: messages

text: can

text: be

text: captured

text: for

text: further

text: use

text: Incremental

text: search

text: and

text: basic

text: regular

text: expressions

text: are

text: supported

text: for

text: searching

text: and

text: replacing

text: ConTEXT

text: is

text: available

text: in

text: many

text: languages

text: Andrew Dickson White (November 7, 1832  November 4, 1918) was an American historian and educator, who was the cofounder of Cornell University and served as its first president for nearly two decades. He was known for expanding the scope of college curriculae. A politician, he had served as state senator in New York. He was later appointed as a US diplomat to Germany and Russia, among other responsibilities.

text: Andrew

text: Dickson

text: White

text: November

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: historian

text: and

text: educator

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: cofounder

text: of

text: Cornell

text: University

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: its

text: first

text: president

text: for

text: nearly

text: two

text: decades

text: He

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: expanding

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: college

text: curriculae

text: politician

text: he

text: had

text: served

text: as

text: state

text: senator

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: He

text: was

text: later

text: appointed

text: as

text: US

text: diplomat

text: to

text: Germany

text: and

text: Russia

text: among

text: other

text: responsibilities

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Cornell University is an American private Ivy League and federal land-grant doctoral university located in Ithaca, New York. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledgefrom the classics to the sciences, and from the theoretical to the applied. These ideals, unconventional for the time, are captured in Cornell's motto, a popular 1865 Ezra Cornell quotation: "I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study."

text: Cornell

text: University

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: private

text: Ivy

text: League

text: and

text: federal

text: land

text: grant

text: doctoral

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Ithaca

text: New

text: York

text: Founded

text: in

text: by

text: Ezra

text: Cornell

text: and

text: Andrew

text: Dickson

text: White

text: the

text: university

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: teach

text: and

text: make

text: contributions

text: in

text: all

text: fields

text: of

text: knowledgefrom

text: the

text: classics

text: to

text: the

text: sciences

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: theoretical

text: to

text: the

text: applied

text: These

text: ideals

text: unconventional

text: for

text: the

text: time

text: are

text: captured

text: in

text: Cornell

text: 's

text: motto

text: popular

text: Ezra

text: Cornell

text: quotation

text: would

text: found

text: an

text: institution

text: where

text: any

text: person

text: can

text: find

text: instruction

text: in

text: any

text: study

text: Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

text: Science

text: is

text: systematic

text: enterprise

text: that

text: builds

text: and

text: organizes

text: knowledge

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: testable

text: explanations

text: and

text: predictions

text: about

text: the

text: universe

text: The Ivy League is a collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private institutions of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group beyond the sports context. The eight institutions are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, Princeton University, and Yale University. The term "Ivy League" has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social elitism.

text: The

text: Ivy

text: League

text: is

text: collegiate

text: athletic

text: conference

text: comprising

text: sports

text: teams

text: from

text: eight

text: private

text: institutions

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: Northeastern

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: conference

text: name

text: is

text: also

text: commonly

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: those

text: eight

text: schools

text: as

text: group

text: beyond

text: the

text: sports

text: context

text: The

text: eight

text: institutions

text: are

text: Brown

text: University

text: Columbia

text: University

text: Cornell

text: University

text: Dartmouth

text: College

text: Harvard

text: University

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: Princeton

text: University

text: and

text: Yale

text: University

text: The

text: term

text: Ivy

text: League

text: has

text: connotations

text: of

text: academic

text: excellence

text: selectivity

text: in

text: admissions

text: and

text: social

text: elitism

text: Pini is known for his text "Ashtadhyayi", a sutra-style treatise on Sanskrit grammar, estimated to have been completed between 6th and 4th century BCE. His 3,959 verses on linguistics, syntax and semantics in "eight chapters" is the foundational text of the "Vykaraa" branch of the Vedanga, the auxiliary scholarly disciplines of the Vedic period. His aphoristic text attracted numerous "bhasya" (commentaries), of which Patanjali's "Mahabhasya" is the most famous in Hindu traditions. His ideas influenced and attracted commentaries from scholars of other Indian religions such as Buddhism.

text: Pini

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: text

text: Ashtadhyayi

text: sutra

text: style

text: treatise

text: on

text: Sanskrit

text: grammar

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: completed

text: between

text: and

text: century

text: BCE

text: His

text: verses

text: on

text: linguistics

text: syntax

text: and

text: semantics

text: in

text: eight

text: chapters

text: is

text: the

text: foundational

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: Vykaraa

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Vedanga

text: the

text: auxiliary

text: scholarly

text: disciplines

text: of

text: the

text: Vedic

text: period

text: His

text: aphoristic

text: text

text: attracted

text: numerous

text: bhasya

text: commentaries

text: of

text: which

text: Patanjali

text: 's

text: Mahabhasya

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: in

text: Hindu

text: traditions

text: His

text: ideas

text: influenced

text: and

text: attracted

text: commentaries

text: from

text: scholars

text: of

text: other

text: Indian

text: religions

text: such

text: as

text: Buddhism

text: Ithaca is a city in the Southern Tier-Finger Lakes region of New York. It is the seat of Tompkins County, as well as the largest community in the Ithaca-Tompkins County metropolitan area. This area contains the municipalities of the Town of Ithaca, the village of Cayuga Heights, and other towns and villages in Tompkins County. The city of Ithaca is located on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, in Central New York. It is named for the Greek island of Ithaca.

text: Ithaca

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: Tier

text: Finger

text: Lakes

text: region

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Tompkins

text: County

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: Ithaca

text: Tompkins

text: County

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: This

text: area

text: contains

text: the

text: municipalities

text: of

text: the

text: Town

text: of

text: Ithaca

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Cayuga

text: Heights

text: and

text: other

text: towns

text: and

text: villages

text: in

text: Tompkins

text: County

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Ithaca

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: shore

text: of

text: Cayuga

text: Lake

text: in

text: Central

text: New

text: York

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: Greek

text: island

text: of

text: Ithaca

text: Vulgar Latin or Sermo Vulgaris ("common speech") is a generic term for the "nonstandard" (as opposed to "classical") sociolects of Latin from which the Romance languages developed. Works written in Latin during classical times used Classical Latin rather than Vulgar Latin, with very few exceptions (most notably sections of Gaius Petronius' "Satyricon"). Because of its nonstandard nature, Vulgar Latin had no official orthography. Vulgar Latin is sometimes also called colloquial Latin, or Common Romance (particularly in the late stage). In Renaissance Latin, Vulgar Latin was called "vulgare Latinum" or "Latinum vulgare."

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: or

text: Sermo

text: Vulgaris

text: common

text: speech

text: is

text: generic

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: nonstandard

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: classical

text: sociolects

text: of

text: Latin

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: Romance

text: languages

text: developed

text: Works

text: written

text: in

text: Latin

text: during

text: classical

text: times

text: used

text: Classical

text: Latin

text: rather

text: than

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: with

text: very

text: few

text: exceptions

text: most

text: notably

text: sections

text: of

text: Gaius

text: Petronius

text: Satyricon

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: nonstandard

text: nature

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: had

text: no

text: official

text: orthography

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: is

text: sometimes

text: also

text: called

text: colloquial

text: Latin

text: or

text: Common

text: Romance

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: stage

text: In

text: Renaissance

text: Latin

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: was

text: called

text: vulgare

text: Latinum

text: or

text: Latinum

text: vulgare

text: Ezra Cornell (January 11, 1807  December 9, 1874) was an American businessman, politician, philanthropist and educational administrator. He was the founder of Western Union and a co-founder of Cornell University. He also served as President of the New York Agriculture Society and as a New York state Senator.

text: Ezra

text: Cornell

text: January

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: businessman

text: politician

text: philanthropist

text: and

text: educational

text: administrator

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: Western

text: Union

text: and

text: co

text: founder

text: of

text: Cornell

text: University

text: He

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Agriculture

text: Society

text: and

text: as

text: New

text: York

text: state

text: Senator

text: The Romance languages (sometimes called the Romanic languages, Latin languages, or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that evolved from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that thus form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.

text: The

text: Romance

text: languages

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Romanic

text: languages

text: Latin

text: languages

text: or

text: Neo

text: Latin

text: languages

text: are

text: the

text: modern

text: languages

text: that

text: evolved

text: from

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: between

text: the

text: sixth

text: and

text: ninth

text: centuries

text: and

text: that

text: thus

text: form

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Italic

text: languages

text: within

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: language

text: family

question: place_of_death robert a. hall

answer: ithaca

text: ithaca

text: ithaca

text: ithaca

text: ithaca

text: ithaca

text: ithaca