text: Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.

text: Mexico

text: modern

text: Nahuatl

text: officially

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Guatemala

text: Belize

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Covering

text: almost

text: two

text: million

text: square

text: kilometers

text: over

text: sq

text: mi

text: Mexico

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: Mexico

text: is

text: federation

text: comprising

text: states

text: and

text: federal

text: district

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Guadalajara

text: Monterrey

text: Puebla

text: Toluca

text: Tijuana

text: and

text: León

text: GRAIN (initially the International Coalition for Development Action or ICDA) is a small international non-profit organisation that works to support small farmers and social movements in their struggles for community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems.

text: GRAIN

text: initially

text: the

text: International

text: Coalition

text: for

text: Development

text: Action

text: or

text: ICDA

text: is

text: small

text: international

text: non

text: profit

text: organisation

text: that

text: works

text: to

text: support

text: small

text: farmers

text: and

text: social

text: movements

text: in

text: their

text: struggles

text: for

text: community

text: controlled

text: and

text: biodiversity

text: based

text: food

text: systems

text:
Rice is the seed of the grass species "Oryza sativa" (Asian rice) or "Oryza glaberrima" (African rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production, after sugarcane and maize, according to 2012 FAOSTAT data.
Since a large portion of maize crops are grown for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.
Wild rice, from which the crop was developed, may have its native range in Australia. Chinese legends attribute the domestication of rice to Shennong, the legendary emperor of China and inventor of Chinese agriculture. Genetic evidence has shown that rice originates from a single domestication 8,20013,500 years ago in the Pearl River valley region of Ancient China. Previously, archaeological evidence had suggested that rice was domesticated in the Yangtze River valley region in China.

text: Rice

text: is

text: the

text: seed

text: of

text: the

text: grass

text: species

text: Oryza

text: sativa

text: Asian

text: rice

text: or

text: Oryza

text: glaberrima

text: African

text: rice

text: As

text: cereal

text: grain

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: consumed

text: staple

text: food

text: for

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: especially

text: in

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: agricultural

text: commodity

text: with

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: worldwide

text: production

text: after

text: sugarcane

text: and

text: maize

text: according

text: to

text: FAOSTAT

text: data

text: Since

text: large

text: portion

text: of

text: maize

text: crops

text: are

text: grown

text: for

text: purposes

text: other

text: than

text: human

text: consumption

text: rice

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: grain

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: human

text: nutrition

text: and

text: caloric

text: intake

text: providing

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: the

text: calories

text: consumed

text: worldwide

text: by

text: humans

text: Wild

text: rice

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: crop

text: was

text: developed

text: may

text: have

text: its

text: native

text: range

text: in

text: Australia

text: Chinese

text: legends

text: attribute

text: the

text: domestication

text: of

text: rice

text: to

text: Shennong

text: the

text: legendary

text: emperor

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: inventor

text: of

text: Chinese

text: agriculture

text: Genetic

text: evidence

text: has

text: shown

text: that

text: rice

text: originates

text: from

text: single

text: domestication

text: years

text: ago

text: in

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: valley

text: region

text: of

text: Ancient

text: China

text: Previously

text: archaeological

text: evidence

text: had

text: suggested

text: that

text: rice

text: was

text: domesticated

text: in

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: valley

text: region

text: in

text: China

text: Sugarcane, or sugar cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus "Saccharum", tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South Asia and Melanesia, and used for sugar production. It has stout, jointed, fibrous stalks that are rich in the sugar sucrose, which accumulates in the stalk internodes. The plant is tall. All sugar cane species interbreed and the major commercial cultivars are complex hybrids. Sugarcane belongs to the grass family Poaceae, an economically important seed plant family that includes maize, wheat, rice, and sorghum, and many forage crops.

text: Sugarcane

text: or

text: sugar

text: cane

text: are

text: several

text: species

text: of

text: tall

text: perennial

text: true

text: grasses

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Saccharum

text: tribe

text: Andropogoneae

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: warm

text: temperate

text: to

text: tropical

text: regions

text: of

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: Melanesia

text: and

text: used

text: for

text: sugar

text: production

text: It

text: has

text: stout

text: jointed

text: fibrous

text: stalks

text: that

text: are

text: rich

text: in

text: the

text: sugar

text: sucrose

text: which

text: accumulates

text: in

text: the

text: stalk

text: internodes

text: The

text: plant

text: is

text: tall

text: All

text: sugar

text: cane

text: species

text: interbreed

text: and

text: the

text: major

text: commercial

text: cultivars

text: are

text: complex

text: hybrids

text: Sugarcane

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: grass

text: family

text: Poaceae

text: an

text: economically

text: important

text: seed

text: plant

text: family

text: that

text: includes

text: maize

text: wheat

text: rice

text: and

text: sorghum

text: and

text: many

text: forage

text: crops

text: Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family. It includes the major food crop rice (species "Oryza sativa" and "Oryza glaberrima"). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to 12 m tall; the genus includes both annual and perennial species.

text: Oryza

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: grass

text: family

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: major

text: food

text: crop

text: rice

text: species

text: Oryza

text: sativa

text: and

text: Oryza

text: glaberrima

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: grow

text: as

text: tall

text: wetland

text: grasses

text: growing

text: to

text: tall

text: the

text: genus

text: includes

text: both

text: annual

text: and

text: perennial

text: species

text: The 21st century is the current century of the "Anno Domini" era, (Latin for "in the year of Our Lord [Jesus Christ]") in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. It began on January 1, 2001 and will end on December 31, 2100. It is the first century of the 3rd millennium. It is distinct from the time span known as the 2000s, which began on January 1, 2000 and will end on December 31, 2099.

text: The

text: century

text: is

text: the

text: current

text: century

text: of

text: the

text: Anno

text: Domini

text: era

text: Latin

text: for

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: of

text: Our

text: Lord

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: It

text: began

text: on

text: January

text: and

text: will

text: end

text: on

text: December

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: of

text: the

text: millennium

text: It

text: is

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: time

text: span

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: which

text: began

text: on

text: January

text: and

text: will

text: end

text: on

text: December

text: Plant protection is the science and practice of managing invertebrate pests and vertebrate pests , plant diseases , weeds and other pest organisms that damage agricultural crops and forestry . Agricultural crops include field crops ( maize , wheat , rice , etc. ) , vegetable crops ( potatoes , cabbages , etc. ) and fruit and horticultural crops . It encompasses : Pesticide - based approaches such as herbicides , insecticides and fungicides Biological pest control approaches such as cover crops , trap crops and beetle banks Barrier - based approaches such as agrotextiles and bird netting Animal psychology - based approaches such as bird scarers Biotechnology - based approaches such as plant breeding and genetic modification Chemical pest control

text: Plant

text: protection

text: is

text: the

text: science

text: and

text: practice

text: of

text: managing

text: invertebrate

text: pests

text: and

text: vertebrate

text: pests

text: plant

text: diseases

text: weeds

text: and

text: other

text: pest

text: organisms

text: that

text: damage

text: agricultural

text: crops

text: and

text: forestry

text: Agricultural

text: crops

text: include

text: field

text: crops

text: maize

text: wheat

text: rice

text: etc

text: vegetable

text: crops

text: potatoes

text: cabbages

text: etc

text: and

text: fruit

text: and

text: horticultural

text: crops

text: It

text: encompasses

text: Pesticide

text: based

text: approaches

text: such

text: as

text: herbicides

text: insecticides

text: and

text: fungicides

text: Biological

text: pest

text: control

text: approaches

text: such

text: as

text: cover

text: crops

text: trap

text: crops

text: and

text: beetle

text: banks

text: Barrier

text: based

text: approaches

text: such

text: as

text: agrotextiles

text: and

text: bird

text: netting

text: Animal

text: psychology

text: based

text: approaches

text: such

text: as

text: bird

text: scarers

text: Biotechnology

text: based

text: approaches

text: such

text: as

text: plant

text: breeding

text: and

text: genetic

text: modification

text: Chemical

text: pest

text: control

text: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.

text: Australia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: continent

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: are

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: East

text: Timor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Australia

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Canberra

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: Sydney

text: The ton is a unit of measure. It has a long history and has acquired a number of meanings and uses over the years. It is used principally as a unit of mass. Its original use as a measurement of volume has continued in the capacity of cargo ships and in terms such as the freight ton. It can also be used as a measure of energy, for truck classification, or as a colloquial term.

text: The

text: ton

text: is

text: unit

text: of

text: measure

text: It

text: has

text: long

text: history

text: and

text: has

text: acquired

text: number

text: of

text: meanings

text: and

text: uses

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: principally

text: as

text: unit

text: of

text: mass

text: Its

text: original

text: use

text: as

text: measurement

text: of

text: volume

text: has

text: continued

text: in

text: the

text: capacity

text: of

text: cargo

text: ships

text: and

text: in

text: terms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: freight

text: ton

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: measure

text: of

text: energy

text: for

text: truck

text: classification

text: or

text: as

text: colloquial

text: term

text: In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering.

text: In

text: botany

text: fruit

text: is

text: the

text: seed

text: bearing

text: structure

text: in

text: flowering

text: plants

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: angiosperms

text: formed

text: from

text: the

text: ovary

text: after

text: flowering

text: SEED is a block cipher developed by the Korea Information Security Agency (KISA). It is used broadly throughout South Korean industry, but seldom found elsewhere. It gained popularity in Korea because 40-bit encryption was not considered strong enough, so the Korea Information Security Agency developed its own standard. However, this decision has historically limited the competition of web browsers in Korea, as no major SSL libraries or web browsers supported the SEED algorithm, requiring users to use an ActiveX control in Internet Explorer for secure web sites.

text: SEED

text: is

text: block

text: cipher

text: developed

text: by

text: the

text: Korea

text: Information

text: Security

text: Agency

text: KISA

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: broadly

text: throughout

text: South

text: Korean

text: industry

text: but

text: seldom

text: found

text: elsewhere

text: It

text: gained

text: popularity

text: in

text: Korea

text: because

text: encryption

text: was

text: not

text: considered

text: strong

text: enough

text: so

text: the

text: Korea

text: Information

text: Security

text: Agency

text: developed

text: its

text: own

text: standard

text: However

text: this

text: decision

text: has

text: historically

text: limited

text: the

text: competition

text: of

text: web

text: browsers

text: in

text: Korea

text: as

text: no

text: major

text: SSL

text: libraries

text: or

text: web

text: browsers

text: supported

text: the

text: SEED

text: algorithm

text: requiring

text: users

text: to

text: use

text: an

text: ActiveX

text: control

text: in

text: Internet

text: Explorer

text: for

text: secure

text: web

text: sites

text: Maize (; "Zea mays" subsp. "mays", from after Taíno "mahiz"), also known as corn, is a large grain plant first domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The six major types of corn are dent corn, flint corn, pod corn, popcorn, flour corn, and sweet corn.

text: Maize

text: Zea

text: mays

text: subsp

text: mays

text: from

text: after

text: Taíno

text: mahiz

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: corn

text: is

text: large

text: grain

text: plant

text: first

text: domesticated

text: by

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: in

text: Mexico

text: about

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: six

text: major

text: types

text: of

text: corn

text: are

text: dent

text: corn

text: flint

text: corn

text: pod

text: corn

text: popcorn

text: flour

text: corn

text: and

text: sweet

text: corn

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: The Levant (Arabic:  "") is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean. In its widest historical sense, the Levant included all of the eastern Mediterranean with its islands, that is, it included all of the countries along the Eastern Mediterranean shores, extending from Greece to Cyrenaica. The term "Levant" entered English in the late 15th century from French. It derives from the Italian "Levante", meaning "rising", implying the rising of the sun in the east. As such, it is broadly equivalent to the Arabic term "Mashriq", meaning "the land where the sun rises".

text: The

text: Levant

text: Arabic

text: is

text: an

text: approximate

text: historical

text: geographical

text: term

text: referring

text: to

text: large

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: In

text: its

text: widest

text: historical

text: sense

text: the

text: Levant

text: included

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: with

text: its

text: islands

text: that

text: is

text: it

text: included

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: countries

text: along

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: shores

text: extending

text: from

text: Greece

text: to

text: Cyrenaica

text: The

text: term

text: Levant

text: entered

text: English

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: from

text: French

text: It

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Italian

text: Levante

text: meaning

text: rising

text: implying

text: the

text: rising

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: As

text: such

text: it

text: is

text: broadly

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: Arabic

text: term

text: Mashriq

text: meaning

text: the

text: land

text: where

text: the

text: sun

text: rises

text: Wild rice (Ojibwe: Manoomin; also called Canada rice, Indian rice, and water oats) are four species of grasses forming the genus Zizania, and the grain that can be harvested from them. The grain was historically gathered and eaten in both North America and China. While now a delicacy in North America, the grain is eaten less in China, where the plant's stem is used as a vegetable.

text: Wild

text: rice

text: Ojibwe

text: Manoomin

text: also

text: called

text: Canada

text: rice

text: Indian

text: rice

text: and

text: water

text: oats

text: are

text: four

text: species

text: of

text: grasses

text: forming

text: the

text: genus

text: Zizania

text: and

text: the

text: grain

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: harvested

text: from

text: them

text: The

text: grain

text: was

text: historically

text: gathered

text: and

text: eaten

text: in

text: both

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: China

text: While

text: now

text: delicacy

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: the

text: grain

text: is

text: eaten

text: less

text: in

text: China

text: where

text: the

text: plant

text: 's

text: stem

text: is

text: used

text: as

text: vegetable

text: Oryza glaberrima, commonly known as African rice, is one of the two domesticated rice species. It was first domesticated and grown in West Africa, and was brought to the Americas by enslaved West African rice farmers. It is now largely a subsistence crop, rarely sold in markets even in West Africa.

text: Oryza

text: glaberrima

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: African

text: rice

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: domesticated

text: rice

text: species

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: domesticated

text: and

text: grown

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: and

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: enslaved

text: West

text: African

text: rice

text: farmers

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: largely

text: subsistence

text: crop

text: rarely

text: sold

text: in

text: markets

text: even

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: Popcorn is a type of corn that expands from the kernel and puffs up when heated. Popcorn is able to pop like amaranth grain, sorghum, quinoa, and millet. When heated, pressure builds within the kernel, and a small explosion (or "pop") is the end result. Some strains of corn are now cultivated specifically as popping corns.

text: Popcorn

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: corn

text: that

text: expands

text: from

text: the

text: kernel

text: and

text: puffs

text: up

text: when

text: heated

text: Popcorn

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: pop

text: like

text: amaranth

text: grain

text: sorghum

text: quinoa

text: and

text: millet

text: When

text: heated

text: pressure

text: builds

text: within

text: the

text: kernel

text: and

text: small

text: explosion

text: or

text: pop

text: is

text: the

text: end

text: result

text: Some

text: strains

text: of

text: corn

text: are

text: now

text: cultivated

text: specifically

text: as

text: popping

text: corns

text: The British tonne (British and SI; SI symbol: t), which is the same as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms; or one megagram (Mg); it is equivalent to approximately pounds, or 0.984 long tons (imperial). Although not part of the SI "per se", the tonne is "accepted for use with" SI units and prefixes by the International Committee for Weights and Measures, along with several other units like the bar, litre and day.

text: The

text: British

text: tonne

text: British

text: and

text: SI

text: SI

text: symbol

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: the

text: metric

text: ton

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: non

text: SI

text: metric

text: unit

text: of

text: mass

text: equal

text: to

text: kilograms

text: or

text: one

text: megagram

text: Mg

text: it

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: approximately

text: pounds

text: or

text: long

text: tons

text: imperial

text: Although

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: SI

text: per

text: se

text: the

text: tonne

text: is

text: accepted

text: for

text: use

text: with

text: SI

text: units

text: and

text: prefixes

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Committee

text: for

text: Weights

text: and

text: Measures

text: along

text: with

text: several

text: other

text: units

text: like

text: the

text: bar

text: litre

text: and

text: day

text: In botany, a caryopsis (plural caryopses) is a type of simple dry fruitone that is monocarpellate (formed from a single carpel) and indehiscent (not opening at maturity) and resembles an achene, except that in a caryopsis the pericarp is fused with the thin seed coat.

text: In

text: botany

text: caryopsis

text: plural

text: caryopses

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: simple

text: dry

text: fruitone

text: that

text: is

text: monocarpellate

text: formed

text: from

text: single

text: carpel

text: and

text: indehiscent

text: not

text: opening

text: at

text: maturity

text: and

text: resembles

text: an

text: achene

text: except

text: that

text: in

text: caryopsis

text: the

text: pericarp

text: is

text: fused

text: with

text: the

text: thin

text: seed

text: coat

text: Wheat ("Triticum" spp., most commonly "T. aestivum") is a cereal grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis), originally from the Levant region but now cultivated worldwide. In 2016, world production of wheat was 749 million tonnes, making it the second most-produced cereal after maize (1.03 billion tonnes), with more than rice (499 million tonnes). Since 1960, world production of wheat and other grain crops has tripled and is expected to grow further through the middle of the 21st Century.

text: Wheat

text: Triticum

text: spp

text: most

text: commonly

text: aestivum

text: is

text: cereal

text: grain

text: botanically

text: type

text: of

text: fruit

text: called

text: caryopsis

text: originally

text: from

text: the

text: Levant

text: region

text: but

text: now

text: cultivated

text: worldwide

text: In

text: world

text: production

text: of

text: wheat

text: was

text: million

text: tonnes

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: produced

text: cereal

text: after

text: maize

text: billion

text: tonnes

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: rice

text: million

text: tonnes

text: Since

text: world

text: production

text: of

text: wheat

text: and

text: other

text: grain

text: crops

text: has

text: tripled

text: and

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: grow

text: further

text: through

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: Century

text: Flint corn ("Zea mays" var. "indurata"; also known as Indian corn or sometimes calico corn) is a variant of maize, the same species as common corn. Because each kernel has a hard outer layer to protect the soft endosperm, it is likened to being hard as flint; hence the name.

text: Flint

text: corn

text: Zea

text: mays

text: var

text: indurata

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Indian

text: corn

text: or

text: sometimes

text: calico

text: corn

text: is

text: variant

text: of

text: maize

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: as

text: common

text: corn

text: Because

text: each

text: kernel

text: has

text: hard

text: outer

text: layer

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: soft

text: endosperm

text: it

text: is

text: likened

text: to

text: being

text: hard

text: as

text: flint

text: hence

text: the

text: name

text:
Sweet corn ("Zea mays" convar. "saccharata" var. "rugosa"; also called sugar corn and pole corn) is a variety of maize with a high sugar content. Sweet corn is the result of a naturally occurring recessive mutation in the genes which control conversion of sugar to starch inside the endosperm of the corn kernel. Unlike field corn varieties, which are harvested when the kernels are dry and mature (dent stage), sweet corn is picked when immature (milk stage) and prepared and eaten as a vegetable, rather than a grain. Since the process of maturation involves converting sugar to starch, sweet corn stores poorly and must be eaten fresh, canned, or frozen, before the kernels become tough and starchy.
History.
Sweet corn occurs as a spontaneous mutation in field corn and was grown by several Native American tribes. The Iroquois gave the first recorded sweet corn (called 'Papoon') to European settlers in 1779. It soon became a popular food in southern and central regions of the United States.
Open pollinated cultivars of white sweet corn started to become widely available in the United States in the 19th century. Two of the most enduring cultivars, still available today, are 'Country Gentleman' (a Shoepeg corn with small kernels in irregular rows) and 'Stowell's Evergreen'.

text: Sweet

text: corn

text: Zea

text: mays

text: convar

text: saccharata

text: var

text: rugosa

text: also

text: called

text: sugar

text: corn

text: and

text: pole

text: corn

text: is

text: variety

text: of

text: maize

text: with

text: high

text: sugar

text: content

text: Sweet

text: corn

text: is

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: recessive

text: mutation

text: in

text: the

text: genes

text: which

text: control

text: conversion

text: of

text: sugar

text: to

text: starch

text: inside

text: the

text: endosperm

text: of

text: the

text: corn

text: kernel

text: Unlike

text: field

text: corn

text: varieties

text: which

text: are

text: harvested

text: when

text: the

text: kernels

text: are

text: dry

text: and

text: mature

text: dent

text: stage

text: sweet

text: corn

text: is

text: picked

text: when

text: immature

text: milk

text: stage

text: and

text: prepared

text: and

text: eaten

text: as

text: vegetable

text: rather

text: than

text: grain

text: Since

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: maturation

text: involves

text: converting

text: sugar

text: to

text: starch

text: sweet

text: corn

text: stores

text: poorly

text: and

text: must

text: be

text: eaten

text: fresh

text: canned

text: or

text: frozen

text: before

text: the

text: kernels

text: become

text: tough

text: and

text: starchy

text: History

text: Sweet

text: corn

text: occurs

text: as

text: spontaneous

text: mutation

text: in

text: field

text: corn

text: and

text: was

text: grown

text: by

text: several

text: Native

text: American

text: tribes

text: The

text: Iroquois

text: gave

text: the

text: first

text: recorded

text: sweet

text: corn

text: called

text: Papoon

text: to

text: European

text: settlers

text: in

text: It

text: soon

text: became

text: popular

text: food

text: in

text: southern

text: and

text: central

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Open

text: pollinated

text: cultivars

text: of

text: white

text: sweet

text: corn

text: started

text: to

text: become

text: widely

text: available

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: enduring

text: cultivars

text: still

text: available

text: today

text: are

text: Country

text: Gentleman

text: Shoepeg

text: corn

text: with

text: small

text: kernels

text: in

text: irregular

text: rows

text: and

text: Stowell

text: 's

text: Evergreen

text: Shennong (which can be variously translated as "God Farmer" or "God Peasant"), also known as the Wugushen ( "Five Grains' [or Five Cereals'] God") or also Wuguxiandi ( "First Deity of the Five Grains"), is a deity in Chinese religion, a mythical sage ruler of prehistoric China. Shennong has at times been counted amongst the Three Sovereigns (also known as "Three Kings" or "Three Patrons"), a group of deities or deified kings said to have lived some 4,500 years ago. Shennong has been thought to have taught the ancient Chinese not only their practices of agriculture, but also the use of herbal drugs. Shennong is among the group of variously named heroic persons and deities who have been traditionally given credit for various inventions: these include the hoe, plow (both "leisi" style and the plowshare), axe, digging wells, agricultural irrigation, preserving stored seeds by using boiled horse urine, the weekly farmers market, the Chinese calendar (especially the division into the 24 "jieqi" or solar terms), and to have refined the therapeutic understanding of taking pulse measurements, acupuncture, and moxibustion, and to have instituted the harvest thanksgiving ceremony (Zhaji Sacrificial Rite, later known as the Laji Rite).

text: Shennong

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: variously

text: translated

text: as

text: God

text: Farmer

text: or

text: God

text: Peasant

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Wugushen

text: Five

text: Grains

text: or

text: Five

text: Cereals

text: God

text: or

text: also

text: Wuguxiandi

text: First

text: Deity

text: of

text: the

text: Five

text: Grains

text: is

text: deity

text: in

text: Chinese

text: religion

text: mythical

text: sage

text: ruler

text: of

text: prehistoric

text: China

text: Shennong

text: has

text: at

text: times

text: been

text: counted

text: amongst

text: the

text: Three

text: Sovereigns

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Three

text: Kings

text: or

text: Three

text: Patrons

text: group

text: of

text: deities

text: or

text: deified

text: kings

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: lived

text: some

text: years

text: ago

text: Shennong

text: has

text: been

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: taught

text: the

text: ancient

text: Chinese

text: not

text: only

text: their

text: practices

text: of

text: agriculture

text: but

text: also

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: herbal

text: drugs

text: Shennong

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: group

text: of

text: variously

text: named

text: heroic

text: persons

text: and

text: deities

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: traditionally

text: given

text: credit

text: for

text: various

text: inventions

text: these

text: include

text: the

text: hoe

text: plow

text: both

text: leisi

text: style

text: and

text: the

text: plowshare

text: axe

text: digging

text: wells

text: agricultural

text: irrigation

text: preserving

text: stored

text: seeds

text: by

text: using

text: boiled

text: horse

text: urine

text: the

text: weekly

text: farmers

text: market

text: the

text: Chinese

text: calendar

text: especially

text: the

text: division

text: into

text: the

text: jieqi

text: or

text: solar

text: terms

text: and

text: to

text: have

text: refined

text: the

text: therapeutic

text: understanding

text: of

text: taking

text: pulse

text: measurements

text: acupuncture

text: and

text: moxibustion

text: and

text: to

text: have

text: instituted

text: the

text: harvest

text: thanksgiving

text: ceremony

text: Zhaji

text: Sacrificial

text: Rite

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Laji

text: Rite

text: Flour is a powder made by grinding raw grains or roots and used to make many different foods. Cereal flour is the main ingredient of bread, which is a staple food for many cultures, making the availability of adequate supplies of flour a major economic and political issue at various times throughout history. Wheat flour is one of the most important ingredients in Oceanic, European, South American, North American, Middle Eastern, North Indian and North African cultures, and is the defining ingredient in their styles of breads and pastries.

text: Flour

text: is

text: powder

text: made

text: by

text: grinding

text: raw

text: grains

text: or

text: roots

text: and

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: many

text: different

text: foods

text: Cereal

text: flour

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: ingredient

text: of

text: bread

text: which

text: is

text: staple

text: food

text: for

text: many

text: cultures

text: making

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: adequate

text: supplies

text: of

text: flour

text: major

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: issue

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: throughout

text: history

text: Wheat

text: flour

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: ingredients

text: in

text: Oceanic

text: European

text: South

text: American

text: North

text: American

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: North

text: Indian

text: and

text: North

text: African

text: cultures

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: defining

text: ingredient

text: in

text: their

text: styles

text: of

text: breads

text: and

text: pastries

text: Indigenous peoples, also known as first peoples, aboriginal peoples, native peoples, or autochthonous peoples, are ethnic groups who are descended from and identify with the original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area more recently. Groups are usually described as indigenous when they maintain traditions or other aspects of an early culture that is associated with a given region. Not all indigenous peoples share such characteristics. Indigenous peoples may be settled in a given locale/region or exhibit a nomadic lifestyle across a large territory, but they are generally historically associated with a specific territory on which they depend. Indigenous societies are found in every inhabited climate zone and continent of the world.

text: Indigenous

text: peoples

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: first

text: peoples

text: aboriginal

text: peoples

text: native

text: peoples

text: or

text: autochthonous

text: peoples

text: are

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: who

text: are

text: descended

text: from

text: and

text: identify

text: with

text: the

text: original

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: given

text: region

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: groups

text: that

text: have

text: settled

text: occupied

text: or

text: colonized

text: the

text: area

text: more

text: recently

text: Groups

text: are

text: usually

text: described

text: as

text: indigenous

text: when

text: they

text: maintain

text: traditions

text: or

text: other

text: aspects

text: of

text: an

text: early

text: culture

text: that

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: given

text: region

text: Not

text: all

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: share

text: such

text: characteristics

text: Indigenous

text: peoples

text: may

text: be

text: settled

text: in

text: given

text: locale

text: region

text: or

text: exhibit

text: nomadic

text: lifestyle

text: across

text: large

text: territory

text: but

text: they

text: are

text: generally

text: historically

text: associated

text: with

text: specific

text: territory

text: on

text: which

text: they

text: depend

text: Indigenous

text: societies

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: every

text: inhabited

text: climate

text: zone

text: and

text: continent

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Flour corn ("Zea mays" var. "amylacea") is a variety of corn with a soft starchy endosperm and a thin pericarp. It is primarily used to make corn flour.

text: Flour

text: corn

text: Zea

text: mays

text: var

text: amylacea

text: is

text: variety

text: of

text: corn

text: with

text: soft

text: starchy

text: endosperm

text: and

text: thin

text: pericarp

text: It

text: is

text: primarily

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: corn

text: flour

text: Oryza sativa, commonly known as Asian rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice. "Oryza sativa" is a grass with a genome consisting of 430Mb across 12 chromosomes. It is renowned for being easy to genetically modify, and is a model organism for cereal biology.

text: Oryza

text: sativa

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Asian

text: rice

text: is

text: the

text: plant

text: species

text: most

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: rice

text: Oryza

text: sativa

text: is

text: grass

text: with

text: genome

text: consisting

text: of

text: across

text: chromosomes

text: It

text: is

text: renowned

text: for

text: being

text: easy

text: to

text: genetically

text: modify

text: and

text: is

text: model

text: organism

text: for

text: cereal

text: biology

text: A cereal is any grass cultivated for the edible components of its grain (botanically, a type of fruit called a caryopsis), composed of the endosperm, germ, and bran. Cereal grains are grown in greater quantities and provide more food energy worldwide than any other type of crop and are therefore staple crops. Edible grains from other plant families, such as buckwheat (Polygonaceae), quinoa (Amaranthaceae) and chia (Lamiaceae), are referred to as pseudocereals.

text: cereal

text: is

text: any

text: grass

text: cultivated

text: for

text: the

text: edible

text: components

text: of

text: its

text: grain

text: botanically

text: type

text: of

text: fruit

text: called

text: caryopsis

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: endosperm

text: germ

text: and

text: bran

text: Cereal

text: grains

text: are

text: grown

text: in

text: greater

text: quantities

text: and

text: provide

text: more

text: food

text: energy

text: worldwide

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: type

text: of

text: crop

text: and

text: are

text: therefore

text: staple

text: crops

text: Edible

text: grains

text: from

text: other

text: plant

text: families

text: such

text: as

text: buckwheat

text: Polygonaceae

text: quinoa

text: Amaranthaceae

text: and

text: chia

text: Lamiaceae

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: pseudocereals

text: Dent corn also known as yellow dent corn, Reid's yellow dent corn, white dent corn, or field corn, is a variety of maize or corn with a high soft starch content. It received its name because of the small indentation ("dent") at the crown of each kernel on a ripe ear of corn. It is a variety developed by northern Illinois farmer James L. Reid. Reid and his father, Robert Reid, moved from Brown County, Ohio to Tazewell County, Illinois in 1846 bringing with them a red corn variety known as "Johnny Hopkins", and crossed it with varieties of flint corn and floury corn. Most of today's hybrid corn varieties and cultivars are derived from it. This variety won a prize at the 1893 World's Fair.

text: Dent

text: corn

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: yellow

text: dent

text: corn

text: Reid

text: 's

text: yellow

text: dent

text: corn

text: white

text: dent

text: corn

text: or

text: field

text: corn

text: is

text: variety

text: of

text: maize

text: or

text: corn

text: with

text: high

text: soft

text: starch

text: content

text: It

text: received

text: its

text: name

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: small

text: indentation

text: dent

text: at

text: the

text: crown

text: of

text: each

text: kernel

text: on

text: ripe

text: ear

text: of

text: corn

text: It

text: is

text: variety

text: developed

text: by

text: northern

text: Illinois

text: farmer

text: James

text: Reid

text: Reid

text: and

text: his

text: father

text: Robert

text: Reid

text: moved

text: from

text: Brown

text: County

text: Ohio

text: to

text: Tazewell

text: County

text: Illinois

text: in

text: bringing

text: with

text: them

text: red

text: corn

text: variety

text: known

text: as

text: Johnny

text: Hopkins

text: and

text: crossed

text: it

text: with

text: varieties

text: of

text: flint

text: corn

text: and

text: floury

text: corn

text: Most

text: of

text: today

text: 's

text: hybrid

text: corn

text: varieties

text: and

text: cultivars

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: it

text: This

text: variety

text: won

text: prize

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: 's

text: Fair

annotations: follows single

question: part_of crop protection

answer: agriculture

text: agriculture

text: agriculture


text: Hippies is a six - part British television comedy series broadcast from 12 November to 17 December 1999 . It was created by Arthur Mathews and Graham Linehan , the writing partnership most famous for Father Ted , but the scripts were written by Mathews alone . It starred Simon Pegg , Sally Phillips , Julian Rhind - Tutt and Darren Boyd .

text: Hippies

text: is

text: six

text: part

text: British

text: television

text: comedy

text: series

text: broadcast

text: from

text: November

text: to

text: December

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: Arthur

text: Mathews

text: and

text: Graham

text: Linehan

text: the

text: writing

text: partnership

text: most

text: famous

text: for

text: Father

text: Ted

text: but

text: the

text: scripts

text: were

text: written

text: by

text: Mathews

text: alone

text: It

text: starred

text: Simon

text: Pegg

text: Sally

text: Phillips

text: Julian

text: Rhind

text: Tutt

text: and

text: Darren

text: Boyd

text: Christmas or Christmas Day (meaning "Christ's Mass") is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed most commonly on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is prepared for by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an Octave. The traditional Christmas narrative, the Nativity of Jesus, delineated in the New Testament says that Jesus was born in Bethlehem, in accordance with messianic prophecies; when Joseph and Mary arrived in the city, the inn had no room and so they were offered a stable where the Christ Child was soon born, with angels proclaiming this news to shepherds who then disseminated the message furthermore. Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated religiously by the vast majority of Christians, as well as culturally by a number of non-Christian people, and is an integral part of the holiday season, while some Christian groups reject the celebration. In several countries, celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25, with gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family.

text: Christmas

text: or

text: Christmas

text: Day

text: meaning

text: Christ

text: 's

text: Mass

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: festival

text: commemorating

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: observed

text: most

text: commonly

text: on

text: December

text: as

text: religious

text: and

text: cultural

text: celebration

text: among

text: billions

text: of

text: people

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: feast

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: Christian

text: liturgical

text: year

text: it

text: is

text: prepared

text: for

text: by

text: the

text: season

text: of

text: Advent

text: or

text: the

text: Nativity

text: Fast

text: and

text: initiates

text: the

text: season

text: of

text: Christmastide

text: which

text: historically

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: lasts

text: twelve

text: days

text: and

text: culminates

text: on

text: Twelfth

text: Night

text: in

text: some

text: traditions

text: Christmastide

text: includes

text: an

text: Octave

text: The

text: traditional

text: Christmas

text: narrative

text: the

text: Nativity

text: of

text: Jesus

text: delineated

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: says

text: that

text: Jesus

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Bethlehem

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: messianic

text: prophecies

text: when

text: Joseph

text: and

text: Mary

text: arrived

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: inn

text: had

text: no

text: room

text: and

text: so

text: they

text: were

text: offered

text: stable

text: where

text: the

text: Christ

text: Child

text: was

text: soon

text: born

text: with

text: angels

text: proclaiming

text: this

text: news

text: to

text: shepherds

text: who

text: then

text: disseminated

text: the

text: message

text: furthermore

text: Christmas

text: Day

text: is

text: public

text: holiday

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nations

text: is

text: celebrated

text: religiously

text: by

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: Christians

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: culturally

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: non

text: Christian

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: holiday

text: season

text: while

text: some

text: Christian

text: groups

text: reject

text: the

text: celebration

text: In

text: several

text: countries

text: celebrating

text: Christmas

text: Eve

text: on

text: December

text: has

text: the

text: main

text: focus

text: rather

text: than

text: December

text: with

text: gift

text: giving

text: and

text: sharing

text: traditional

text: meal

text: with

text: the

text: family

text: Sally Elizabeth Phillips (born 10 May 1970) is an English actress and comedian. She co-created and was one of the writers of sketch comedy show "Smack the Pony". She is also known for her main role in "Miranda" as Tilly, "Parents" as Jenny Pope and "Set the Thames on Fire" as Colette in 2015. Phillips also co-starred in "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies", as Mrs Bennet, and reprised her role as Sharon in the 2016 film "Bridget Jones's Baby", following "Bridget Jones's Diary" and "".

text: Sally

text: Elizabeth

text: Phillips

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: actress

text: and

text: comedian

text: She

text: co

text: created

text: and

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: writers

text: of

text: sketch

text: comedy

text: show

text: Smack

text: the

text: Pony

text: She

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: main

text: role

text: in

text: Miranda

text: as

text: Tilly

text: Parents

text: as

text: Jenny

text: Pope

text: and

text: Set

text: the

text: Thames

text: on

text: Fire

text: as

text: Colette

text: in

text: Phillips

text: also

text: co

text: starred

text: in

text: Pride

text: and

text: Prejudice

text: and

text: Zombies

text: as

text: Mrs

text: Bennet

text: and

text: reprised

text: her

text: role

text: as

text: Sharon

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Bridget

text: Jones

text: 's

text: Baby

text: following

text: Bridget

text: Jones

text: 's

text: Diary

text: and

text: Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the station is now owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation, a public corporation of the Department for Culture, Media & Sport, which was established in 1990 and came into operation in 1993. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, Channel 4 became a UK-wide TV channel for the first time.

text: Channel

text: is

text: British

text: public

text: service

text: television

text: broadcaster

text: that

text: began

text: transmission

text: on

text: November

text: Although

text: largely

text: commercially

text: self

text: funded

text: it

text: is

text: ultimately

text: publicly

text: owned

text: originally

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: the

text: Independent

text: Broadcasting

text: Authority

text: IBA

text: the

text: station

text: is

text: now

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: Channel

text: Four

text: Television

text: Corporation

text: public

text: corporation

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: for

text: Culture

text: Media

text: Sport

text: which

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: operation

text: in

text: With

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: the

text: Wenvoe

text: transmitter

text: group

text: in

text: Wales

text: to

text: digital

text: on

text: March

text: Channel

text: became

text: UK

text: wide

text: TV

text: channel

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: Graham Linehan (born 22 May 1968) is an Irish television comedy writer and director who, often in partnership with Arthur Mathews, has written or co-written a number of popular television comedies. He is most noted for the sitcoms "Father Ted", "Black Books" and "The IT Crowd". Amongst others, he has also worked on "Big Train", "Count Arthur Strong", "Brass Eye" and "The Fast Show".

text: Graham

text: Linehan

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: Irish

text: television

text: comedy

text: writer

text: and

text: director

text: who

text: often

text: in

text: partnership

text: with

text: Arthur

text: Mathews

text: has

text: written

text: or

text: co

text: written

text: number

text: of

text: popular

text: television

text: comedies

text: He

text: is

text: most

text: noted

text: for

text: the

text: sitcoms

text: Father

text: Ted

text: Black

text: Books

text: and

text: The

text: IT

text: Crowd

text: Amongst

text: others

text: he

text: has

text: also

text: worked

text: on

text: Big

text: Train

text: Count

text: Arthur

text: Strong

text: Brass

text: Eye

text: and

text: The

text: Fast

text: Show

text: Black Books is a British sitcom created by Dylan Moran and Graham Linehan that was broadcast on Channel 4 from 2000 to 2004. Starring Moran, Bill Bailey and Tamsin Greig, the series is set in the eponymous London bookshop and follows the lives of its owner Bernard Black (Moran), his assistant Manny Bianco (Bailey) and their friend Fran Katzenjammer (Greig). The series was produced by Big Talk Productions, in association with Channel 4.

text: Black

text: Books

text: is

text: British

text: sitcom

text: created

text: by

text: Dylan

text: Moran

text: and

text: Graham

text: Linehan

text: that

text: was

text: broadcast

text: on

text: Channel

text: from

text: to

text: Starring

text: Moran

text: Bill

text: Bailey

text: and

text: Tamsin

text: Greig

text: the

text: series

text: is

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: eponymous

text: London

text: bookshop

text: and

text: follows

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: its

text: owner

text: Bernard

text: Black

text: Moran

text: his

text: assistant

text: Manny

text: Bianco

text: Bailey

text: and

text: their

text: friend

text: Fran

text: Katzenjammer

text: Greig

text: The

text: series

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Big

text: Talk

text: Productions

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: Channel

text: Father Ted is a sitcom that was produced by British independent production company Hat Trick Productions for Channel 4. Written jointly by Irish writers Arthur Mathews and Graham Linehan and starring a predominantly Irish cast, it originally aired over three series from 21 April 1995 until 1 May 1998, including a Christmas special, for a total of 25 episodes. The show also aired on RTÉ Two in Ireland, and in Australia on Nine Network (series 1) and ABC Television (series 2 and 3).

text: Father

text: Ted

text: is

text: sitcom

text: that

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: British

text: independent

text: production

text: company

text: Hat

text: Trick

text: Productions

text: for

text: Channel

text: Written

text: jointly

text: by

text: Irish

text: writers

text: Arthur

text: Mathews

text: and

text: Graham

text: Linehan

text: and

text: starring

text: predominantly

text: Irish

text: cast

text: it

text: originally

text: aired

text: over

text: three

text: series

text: from

text: April

text: until

text: May

text: including

text: Christmas

text: special

text: for

text: total

text: of

text: episodes

text: The

text: show

text: also

text: aired

text: on

text: RTÉ

text: Two

text: in

text: Ireland

text: and

text: in

text: Australia

text: on

text: Nine

text: Network

text: series

text: and

text: ABC

text: Television

text: series

text: and

text: Big Train is a surreal British television comedy sketch show created by Arthur Mathews and Graham Linehan, writers of the successful sitcom "Father Ted". The first series was broadcast on BBC Two in 1998, while the second, in which Linehan was not involved, aired in 2002.

text: Big

text: Train

text: is

text: surreal

text: British

text: television

text: comedy

text: sketch

text: show

text: created

text: by

text: Arthur

text: Mathews

text: and

text: Graham

text: Linehan

text: writers

text: of

text: the

text: successful

text: sitcom

text: Father

text: Ted

text: The

text: first

text: series

text: was

text: broadcast

text: on

text: BBC

text: Two

text: in

text: while

text: the

text: second

text: in

text: which

text: Linehan

text: was

text: not

text: involved

text: aired

text: in

text: Television comedy had a presence from the earliest days of broadcasting. Among the earliest BBC television programmes in the 1930s was "Starlight", which offered a series of guests from the music hall era, which often included singers and comedians. Similarly, many early United States television programs were variety shows including the "Texaco Star Theater" featuring Milton Berle; comedy acts often taken from vaudeville were staples of such shows.

text: Television

text: comedy

text: had

text: presence

text: from

text: the

text: earliest

text: days

text: of

text: broadcasting

text: Among

text: the

text: earliest

text: BBC

text: television

text: programmes

text: in

text: the

text: was

text: Starlight

text: which

text: offered

text: series

text: of

text: guests

text: from

text: the

text: music

text: hall

text: era

text: which

text: often

text: included

text: singers

text: and

text: comedians

text: Similarly

text: many

text: early

text: United

text: States

text: television

text: programs

text: were

text: variety

text: shows

text: including

text: the

text: Texaco

text: Star

text: Theater

text: featuring

text: Milton

text: Berle

text: comedy

text: acts

text: often

text: taken

text: from

text: vaudeville

text: were

text: staples

text: of

text: such

text: shows

text: Simon John Pegg ("né" Beckingham; born 14 February 1970) is an English actor, comedian, screenwriter, and producer. He co-wrote and starred in the "Three Flavours Cornetto" trilogy of films: "Shaun of the Dead" (2004), "Hot Fuzz" (2007), and "The World's End" (2013). He and Nick Frost wrote and starred in the sci-fi film "Paul" (2011). Pegg portrayed Benji Dunn in the and Montgomery Scott in "Star Trek" (2009), "Star Trek Into Darkness" (2013), and "Star Trek Beyond" (2016), co-writing the latter.

text: Simon

text: John

text: Pegg

text: né

text: Beckingham

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: actor

text: comedian

text: screenwriter

text: and

text: producer

text: He

text: co

text: wrote

text: and

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: Three

text: Flavours

text: Cornetto

text: trilogy

text: of

text: films

text: Shaun

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: Hot

text: Fuzz

text: and

text: The

text: World

text: 's

text: End

text: He

text: and

text: Nick

text: Frost

text: wrote

text: and

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: sci

text: fi

text: film

text: Paul

text: Pegg

text: portrayed

text: Benji

text: Dunn

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Montgomery

text: Scott

text: in

text: Star

text: Trek

text: Star

text: Trek

text: Into

text: Darkness

text: and

text: Star

text: Trek

text: Beyond

text: co

text: writing

text: the

text: latter

text: Julian Alistair Rhind-Tutt (born 20 July 1967) is an English actor. He is best known for his starring role as Dr "Mac" Macartney in the comedy television series "Green Wing", the second series of which finished on Channel 4 in May 2006. He has also appeared in various other television shows and films.

text: Julian

text: Alistair

text: Rhind

text: Tutt

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: actor

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: starring

text: role

text: as

text: Dr

text: Mac

text: Macartney

text: in

text: the

text: comedy

text: television

text: series

text: Green

text: Wing

text: the

text: second

text: series

text: of

text: which

text: finished

text: on

text: Channel

text: in

text: May

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: appeared

text: in

text: various

text: other

text: television

text: shows

text: and

text: films

text: The IT Crowd is a British sitcom by Channel 4, written by Graham Linehan (who also created and wrote Father Ted), produced by Ash Atalla and starring Chris O'Dowd, Richard Ayoade, Katherine Parkinson, and Matt Berry.

text: The

text: IT

text: Crowd

text: is

text: British

text: sitcom

text: by

text: Channel

text: written

text: by

text: Graham

text: Linehan

text: who

text: also

text: created

text: and

text: wrote

text: Father

text: Ted

text: produced

text: by

text: Ash

text: Atalla

text: and

text: starring

text: Chris

text: O'Dowd

text: Richard

text: Ayoade

text: Katherine

text: Parkinson

text: and

text: Matt

text: Berry

text: Nicholas John "Nick" Frost (born 28 March 1972) is a British actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer and author. He is best known for his work in the "Three Flavours Cornetto trilogy" of films, consisting of "Shaun of the Dead" (2004), "Hot Fuzz" (2007), and "The World's End" (2013), and the television comedy "Spaced" (19992001). He also appeared in Joe Cornish's film "Attack the Block" (2011). He co-starred in the 2011 film "Paul", which he co-wrote with frequent collaborator and friend Simon Pegg. He is also well known for his various roles in the sketch show "Man Stroke Woman". He starred in "Mr. Sloane" as the title character, Jeremy Sloane.

text: Nicholas

text: John

text: Nick

text: Frost

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: British

text: actor

text: comedian

text: screenwriter

text: producer

text: and

text: author

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: Three

text: Flavours

text: Cornetto

text: trilogy

text: of

text: films

text: consisting

text: of

text: Shaun

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: Hot

text: Fuzz

text: and

text: The

text: World

text: 's

text: End

text: and

text: the

text: television

text: comedy

text: Spaced

text: He

text: also

text: appeared

text: in

text: Joe

text: Cornish

text: 's

text: film

text: Attack

text: the

text: Block

text: He

text: co

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Paul

text: which

text: he

text: co

text: wrote

text: with

text: frequent

text: collaborator

text: and

text: friend

text: Simon

text: Pegg

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: various

text: roles

text: in

text: the

text: sketch

text: show

text: Man

text: Stroke

text: Woman

text: He

text: starred

text: in

text: Mr.

text: Sloane

text: as

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: Jeremy

text: Sloane

text: The Nine Network (commonly known as Channel Nine or simply Nine) is an Australian commercial free-to-air television network, that is a division of Nine Entertainment Co. with headquarters based in Willoughby, a suburb located on the North Shore of Sydney, Australia. The Nine Network is one of three main free-to-air commercial networks in Australia.

text: The

text: Nine

text: Network

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Channel

text: Nine

text: or

text: simply

text: Nine

text: is

text: an

text: Australian

text: commercial

text: free

text: to

text: air

text: television

text: network

text: that

text: is

text: division

text: of

text: Nine

text: Entertainment

text: Co.

text: with

text: headquarters

text: based

text: in

text: Willoughby

text: suburb

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Shore

text: of

text: Sydney

text: Australia

text: The

text: Nine

text: Network

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: three

text: main

text: free

text: to

text: air

text: commercial

text: networks

text: in

text: Australia

text: Brass Eye is a British comedy series parodying the current affairs news programming of the mid 1990s. A series of six episodes aired on Channel 4 in 1997, and a further episode in 2001. The series was created by Chris Morris, written by Morris, David Quantick, Peter Baynham, Jane Bussmann, Arthur Mathews, Graham Linehan and Charlie Brooker and directed by Michael Cumming.

text: Brass

text: Eye

text: is

text: British

text: comedy

text: series

text: parodying

text: the

text: current

text: affairs

text: news

text: programming

text: of

text: the

text: mid

text: series

text: of

text: six

text: episodes

text: aired

text: on

text: Channel

text: in

text: and

text: further

text: episode

text: in

text: The

text: series

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: Chris

text: Morris

text: written

text: by

text: Morris

text: David

text: Quantick

text: Peter

text: Baynham

text: Jane

text: Bussmann

text: Arthur

text: Mathews

text: Graham

text: Linehan

text: and

text: Charlie

text: Brooker

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Michael

text: Cumming

text: Darren John Boyd (born 30 January 1971 in Hastings, Sussex) is an English actor who starred in the Sky 1 series "Spy", for which he won a BAFTA award. His work in television and film spans comedy and drama.

text: Darren

text: John

text: Boyd

text: born

text: January

text: in

text: Hastings

text: Sussex

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: actor

text: who

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: Sky

text: series

text: Spy

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: won

text: BAFTA

text: award

text: His

text: work

text: in

text: television

text: and

text: film

text: spans

text: comedy

text: and

text: drama

text: ABC Television is a service of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation launched in 1956. As a public service broadcaster, the ABC provides four non-commercial channels within Australia, and a partially advertising-funded satellite channel overseas. ABC is one of five main free-to-air networks in Australia.

text: ABC

text: Television

text: is

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: Broadcasting

text: Corporation

text: launched

text: in

text: As

text: public

text: service

text: broadcaster

text: the

text: ABC

text: provides

text: four

text: non

text: commercial

text: channels

text: within

text: Australia

text: and

text: partially

text: advertising

text: funded

text: satellite

text: channel

text: overseas

text: ABC

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: main

text: free

text: to

text: air

text: networks

text: in

text: Australia

text: Hot Fuzz is a 2007 British satirical action comedy film directed by Edgar Wright, written by Wright and Simon Pegg, and starring Pegg and Nick Frost. The three and the film's producer Nira Park had previously worked together on the television series "Spaced" and the 2004 film "Shaun of the Dead". The film follows two police officers attempting to solve a series of mysterious deaths in Sandford, a fictional small English town.

text: Hot

text: Fuzz

text: is

text: British

text: satirical

text: action

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Edgar

text: Wright

text: written

text: by

text: Wright

text: and

text: Simon

text: Pegg

text: and

text: starring

text: Pegg

text: and

text: Nick

text: Frost

text: The

text: three

text: and

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: producer

text: Nira

text: Park

text: had

text: previously

text: worked

text: together

text: on

text: the

text: television

text: series

text: Spaced

text: and

text: the

text: film

text: Shaun

text: of

text: the

text: Dead

text: The

text: film

text: follows

text: two

text: police

text: officers

text: attempting

text: to

text: solve

text: series

text: of

text: mysterious

text: deaths

text: in

text: Sandford

text: fictional

text: small

text: English

text: town

text: Smack the Pony is a British sketch comedy show that ran from 1999 until 2003 on Channel 4. The main performers on the show were Fiona Allen, Doon Mackichan and Sally Phillips. There were also regular appearances from Sarah Alexander, Darren Boyd and Cavan Clerkin. The show's popular theme tune was Dusty Springfield's song "In the Middle of Nowhere", sung by Jackie Clune. As well as the three principal cast members, the show was written by a large number of writers, the core of which went on to write "Green Wing" and "Campus". In Germany, the first transmission of the show aired on ProSieben, where the theme tune was changed to Texas' 2001 version of "I Don't Want a Lover", and featured a different title sequence.

text: Smack

text: the

text: Pony

text: is

text: British

text: sketch

text: comedy

text: show

text: that

text: ran

text: from

text: until

text: on

text: Channel

text: The

text: main

text: performers

text: on

text: the

text: show

text: were

text: Fiona

text: Allen

text: Doon

text: Mackichan

text: and

text: Sally

text: Phillips

text: There

text: were

text: also

text: regular

text: appearances

text: from

text: Sarah

text: Alexander

text: Darren

text: Boyd

text: and

text: Cavan

text: Clerkin

text: The

text: show

text: 's

text: popular

text: theme

text: tune

text: was

text: Dusty

text: Springfield

text: 's

text: song

text: In

text: the

text: Middle

text: of

text: Nowhere

text: sung

text: by

text: Jackie

text: Clune

text: As

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: three

text: principal

text: cast

text: members

text: the

text: show

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: writers

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: which

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: write

text: Green

text: Wing

text: and

text: Campus

text: In

text: Germany

text: the

text: first

text: transmission

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: aired

text: on

text: ProSieben

text: where

text: the

text: theme

text: tune

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: Texas

text: version

text: of

text: Do

text: n't

text: Want

text: Lover

text: and

text: featured

text: different

text: title

text: sequence

text: Sussex (abbreviated Sx), from the Old English "Sþsaxe" (South Saxons), is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. It is bounded to the west by Hampshire, north by Surrey, north-east by Kent, south by the English Channel, and divided for local government into West Sussex and East Sussex and the city of Brighton and Hove. Brighton and Hove was created as a unitary authority in 1997, and granted City status in 2000. Until then, Chichester was Sussex's only city.

text: Sussex

text: abbreviated

text: Sx

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: English

text: Sþsaxe

text: South

text: Saxons

text: is

text: historic

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: corresponding

text: roughly

text: in

text: area

text: to

text: the

text: ancient

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sussex

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Hampshire

text: north

text: by

text: Surrey

text: north

text: east

text: by

text: Kent

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: divided

text: for

text: local

text: government

text: into

text: West

text: Sussex

text: and

text: East

text: Sussex

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Brighton

text: and

text: Hove

text: Brighton

text: and

text: Hove

text: was

text: created

text: as

text: unitary

text: authority

text: in

text: and

text: granted

text: City

text: status

text: in

text: Until

text: then

text: Chichester

text: was

text: Sussex

text: 's

text: only

text: city

annotations: likely multiple

question: original_network hippies

answer: bbc two

text: bbc two


text:
Khmers rouges (French for "Red Khmers" "Khmer Kraham"), more commonly known in English as Khmer Rouge, was the name given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea in Cambodia. It was formed in 1968 as an offshoot of the Vietnam People's Army from North Vietnam, and allied with North Vietnam, the Viet Cong, and the Pathet Lao during the Vietnam War against the anti-communist forces from 1968 to 1975. The Khmer Rouge emerged victorious in the Cambodian Civil War, overthrew the military dictatorship of the Khmer Republic and installed their own government Democratic Kampuchea in 1975, led by Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen, and Khieu Samphan. This was followed by the Cambodian genocide from 1975 until 1979, when the Khmer Rouge were finally removed from power by Vietnam in the CambodianVietnamese War. The military power of the Khmer Rouge organization was not broken however, and a long era of guerrilla warfare involving large swaths of the Cambodian countryside began. Many different military factions were involved in the guerrilla war era and it ended around 1994.
The Khmer Rouge organization is remembered especially for orchestrating the Cambodian genocide, which resulted from the enforcement of its social engineering policies. Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine, while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency, even in the supply of medicine, led to the death of thousands from treatable diseases such as malaria. Arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements, or during purges of its own ranks between 1975 and 1978, are considered to have constituted genocide.

text: Khmers

text: rouges

text: French

text: for

text: Red

text: Khmers

text: Khmer

text: Kraham

text: more

text: commonly

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: was

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: followers

text: of

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: Kampuchea

text: in

text: Cambodia

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: as

text: an

text: offshoot

text: of

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: People

text: 's

text: Army

text: from

text: North

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: allied

text: with

text: North

text: Vietnam

text: the

text: Viet

text: Cong

text: and

text: the

text: Pathet

text: Lao

text: during

text: the

text: Vietnam

text: War

text: against

text: the

text: anti

text: communist

text: forces

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: emerged

text: victorious

text: in

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: Civil

text: War

text: overthrew

text: the

text: military

text: dictatorship

text: of

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Republic

text: and

text: installed

text: their

text: own

text: government

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: in

text: led

text: by

text: Pol

text: Pot

text: Nuon

text: Chea

text: Ieng

text: Sary

text: Son

text: Sen

text: and

text: Khieu

text: Samphan

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: genocide

text: from

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: were

text: finally

text: removed

text: from

text: power

text: by

text: Vietnam

text: in

text: the

text: CambodianVietnamese

text: War

text: The

text: military

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: organization

text: was

text: not

text: broken

text: however

text: and

text: long

text: era

text: of

text: guerrilla

text: warfare

text: involving

text: large

text: swaths

text: of

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: countryside

text: began

text: Many

text: different

text: military

text: factions

text: were

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: guerrilla

text: war

text: era

text: and

text: it

text: ended

text: around

text: The

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: organization

text: is

text: remembered

text: especially

text: for

text: orchestrating

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: genocide

text: which

text: resulted

text: from

text: the

text: enforcement

text: of

text: its

text: social

text: engineering

text: policies

text: Its

text: attempts

text: at

text: agricultural

text: reform

text: led

text: to

text: widespread

text: famine

text: while

text: its

text: insistence

text: on

text: absolute

text: self

text: sufficiency

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: medicine

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: thousands

text: from

text: treatable

text: diseases

text: such

text: as

text: malaria

text: Arbitrary

text: executions

text: and

text: torture

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: its

text: cadres

text: against

text: perceived

text: subversive

text: elements

text: or

text: during

text: purges

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: ranks

text: between

text: and

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: constituted

text: genocide

text: Norodom Ranariddh (born 2 January 1944) is a Cambodian prince, politician and law academic. He is the second son of Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia and a half-brother of the current king, Norodom Sihamoni. Ranariddh is the president of FUNCINPEC, a Cambodian royalist party. He was also the First Prime Minister of Cambodia, serving between 1993 and 1997, and subsequently as the President of the National Assembly between 1998 and 2006.

text: Norodom

text: Ranariddh

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: Cambodian

text: prince

text: politician

text: and

text: law

text: academic

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: son

text: of

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: and

text: half

text: brother

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: king

text: Norodom

text: Sihamoni

text: Ranariddh

text: is

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: FUNCINPEC

text: Cambodian

text: royalist

text: party

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: First

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: serving

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: subsequently

text: as

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: between

text: and

text: `` Nokor Reach '' ( Khmer :  ; Royal Kingdom or Majestic Kingdom ) is the national anthem of the Kingdom of Cambodia . It was based on a Cambodian folk tune and written by Chuon Nath , the anthem was originally adopted in 1941 and reconfirmed in 1947 , around the time of independence from France . In 1970 , the monarchy was abolished , thereby replacing the anthem as well . After the communist victory in 1975 , former royalist symbols , including `` Nokor Reach '' , were reinstated for a short while . The Khmer Rouge then replaced it with Dap Prampi Mesa Chokchey ( `` Glorious Seventeenth of April '' ) . After the royalist party FUNCINPEC defeated the former communists ( Cambodian People 's Party ) in the 1993 elections , the royalist anthem was restored .

text: Nokor

text: Reach

text: Khmer

text: Royal

text: Kingdom

text: or

text: Majestic

text: Kingdom

text: is

text: the

text: national

text: anthem

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: It

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: Cambodian

text: folk

text: tune

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Chuon

text: Nath

text: the

text: anthem

text: was

text: originally

text: adopted

text: in

text: and

text: reconfirmed

text: in

text: around

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: independence

text: from

text: France

text: In

text: the

text: monarchy

text: was

text: abolished

text: thereby

text: replacing

text: the

text: anthem

text: as

text: well

text: After

text: the

text: communist

text: victory

text: in

text: former

text: royalist

text: symbols

text: including

text: Nokor

text: Reach

text: were

text: reinstated

text: for

text: short

text: while

text: The

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: then

text: replaced

text: it

text: with

text: Dap

text: Prampi

text: Mesa

text: Chokchey

text: Glorious

text: Seventeenth

text: of

text: April

text: After

text: the

text: royalist

text: party

text: FUNCINPEC

text: defeated

text: the

text: former

text: communists

text: Cambodian

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: in

text: the

text: elections

text: the

text: royalist

text: anthem

text: was

text: restored

text: The Khmer Republic (Khmer: ); also known as the State of Cambodia was the right-wing proUnited States military-led republican government of Cambodia that was formally declared on 9 October 1970. Politically, the Khmer Republic was headed by General Lon Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak that took power in the 18 March 1970 coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk, then the country's head of state.

text: The

text: Khmer

text: Republic

text: Khmer

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: was

text: the

text: right

text: wing

text: proUnited

text: States

text: military

text: led

text: republican

text: government

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: that

text: was

text: formally

text: declared

text: on

text: October

text: Politically

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Republic

text: was

text: headed

text: by

text: General

text: Lon

text: Nol

text: and

text: Prince

text: Sisowath

text: Sirik

text: Matak

text: that

text: took

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: March

text: coup

text: against

text: Prince

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: then

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: FUNCINPEC is a royalist political party in Cambodia. Founded in 1981 by Norodom Sihanouk, it started off as a resistance movement against the People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK) government. In 1982, it formed a resistance pact, the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK), together with the Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) and the Khmer Rouge. It was one of the signatory parties of the 1991 Paris Peace Accords, which paved the way for the formation of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC). In 1992, FUNCINPEC became a political party and participated in the 1993 general elections organised by UNTAC. It won the elections, and formed a coalition government with the Cambodian People's Party (CPP), with which it jointly headed. Norodom Ranariddh, Sihanouk's son who had succeeded him as the party president, became First Prime Minister while Hun Sen, who was from the CPP, became Second Prime Minister.

text: FUNCINPEC

text: is

text: royalist

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: Cambodia

text: Founded

text: in

text: by

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: it

text: started

text: off

text: as

text: resistance

text: movement

text: against

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Kampuchea

text: PRK

text: government

text: In

text: it

text: formed

text: resistance

text: pact

text: the

text: Coalition

text: Government

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: CGDK

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Khmer

text: People

text: 's

text: National

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: KPNLF

text: and

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: signatory

text: parties

text: of

text: the

text: Paris

text: Peace

text: Accords

text: which

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Transitional

text: Authority

text: in

text: Cambodia

text: UNTAC

text: In

text: FUNCINPEC

text: became

text: political

text: party

text: and

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: elections

text: organised

text: by

text: UNTAC

text: It

text: won

text: the

text: elections

text: and

text: formed

text: coalition

text: government

text: with

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: CPP

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: jointly

text: headed

text: Norodom

text: Ranariddh

text: Sihanouk

text: 's

text: son

text: who

text: had

text: succeeded

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: party

text: president

text: became

text: First

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: while

text: Hun

text: Sen

text: who

text: was

text: from

text: the

text: CPP

text: became

text: Second

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: The Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) (Khmer: ); renamed to the National Government of Cambodia from 1990, was a coalition government in exile composed of three Cambodian political factions: Prince Norodom Sihanouk's Funcinpec party, the Party of Democratic Kampuchea (often referred to as the Khmer Rouge) and the Khmer People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) formed in 1982, broadening the "de facto" deposed Democratic Kampuchea regime. For most of its existence, it was the internationally recognized government of Cambodia.

text: The

text: Coalition

text: Government

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: CGDK

text: Khmer

text: renamed

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Government

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: from

text: was

text: coalition

text: government

text: in

text: exile

text: composed

text: of

text: three

text: Cambodian

text: political

text: factions

text: Prince

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: 's

text: Funcinpec

text: party

text: the

text: Party

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Rouge

text: and

text: the

text: Khmer

text: People

text: 's

text: National

text: Liberation

text: Front

text: KPNLF

text: formed

text: in

text: broadening

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: deposed

text: Democratic

text: Kampuchea

text: regime

text: For

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: internationally

text: recognized

text: government

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: Norodom Sihanouk (31 October 192215 October 2012) was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 to 2004. Affectionately known to the Cambodian people as Samdech Euv (father prince), Sihanouk became king in 1941. After the Second World War, he campaigned for Cambodia's independence from French rule, which took place in 1953. In 1955, Sihanouk abdicated the throne in favour of his father Norodom Suramarit, and went on to form the political organisation Sangkum. Sihanouk led the Sangkum to victory in the 1955 general elections, and became the Prime Minister of Cambodia. After his father's death in 1960, Sihanouk introduced a constitutional amendment which made him the Head of State of Cambodia, a position which he held until 1970. Between 1955 and 1970, Sihanouk governed Cambodia under one-party rule, and cracked down on political dissent from the Democrat party and Pracheachon. While he was officially neutral in foreign relations, in practice he was friendlier toward communist countries, particularly China, than to the United States and its anti-Communist allies.

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: October

text: October

text: was

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: again

text: from

text: to

text: Affectionately

text: known

text: to

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: people

text: as

text: Samdech

text: Euv

text: father

text: prince

text: Sihanouk

text: became

text: king

text: in

text: After

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: he

text: campaigned

text: for

text: Cambodia

text: 's

text: independence

text: from

text: French

text: rule

text: which

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: In

text: Sihanouk

text: abdicated

text: the

text: throne

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Norodom

text: Suramarit

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: political

text: organisation

text: Sangkum

text: Sihanouk

text: led

text: the

text: Sangkum

text: to

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: elections

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: After

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: Sihanouk

text: introduced

text: constitutional

text: amendment

text: which

text: made

text: him

text: the

text: Head

text: of

text: State

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: position

text: which

text: he

text: held

text: until

text: Between

text: and

text: Sihanouk

text: governed

text: Cambodia

text: under

text: one

text: party

text: rule

text: and

text: cracked

text: down

text: on

text: political

text: dissent

text: from

text: the

text: Democrat

text: party

text: and

text: Pracheachon

text: While

text: he

text: was

text: officially

text: neutral

text: in

text: foreign

text: relations

text: in

text: practice

text: he

text: was

text: friendlier

text: toward

text: communist

text: countries

text: particularly

text: China

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: its

text: anti

text: Communist

text: allies

annotations: follows multiple

question: composer nokor reach

answer: norodom suramarit

text: norodom suramarit