text: Konidela Siva Sankara Vara Prasad (born 22 August 1955), better known by his stage name Chiranjeevi, is an Indian film actor, dancer, producer, singer, voice artist, politician, businessman, investor and a member of the Indian National Congress. He was the Minister of State with independent charge for the Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. Prior to politics, Chiranjeevi has attended the Madras Film Institute, and had worked primarily in Telugu cinema, in addition to Tamil, Kannada and Hindi films. He made his acting debut in 1978, with the film "Punadhirallu". However, "Pranam Khareedu" was released earlier at the box office. Known for his break dancing skills, Chiranjeevi was starred in 150 feature films in a variety of roles. In 1987 he was starred in "Swayam Krushi", which was dubbed into Russian, and was screened at the Moscow International Film Festival. In the same year, Chiranjeevi was one of the Indian delegates at the 59th Academy Awards. In 1988, he co-produced "Rudraveena", which won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration.

text: Konidela

text: Siva

text: Sankara

text: Vara

text: Prasad

text: born

text: August

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Chiranjeevi

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actor

text: dancer

text: producer

text: singer

text: voice

text: artist

text: politician

text: businessman

text: investor

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: National

text: Congress

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: Minister

text: of

text: State

text: with

text: independent

text: charge

text: for

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Tourism

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: Prior

text: to

text: politics

text: Chiranjeevi

text: has

text: attended

text: the

text: Madras

text: Film

text: Institute

text: and

text: had

text: worked

text: primarily

text: in

text: Telugu

text: cinema

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: Tamil

text: Kannada

text: and

text: Hindi

text: films

text: He

text: made

text: his

text: acting

text: debut

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: film

text: Punadhirallu

text: However

text: Pranam

text: Khareedu

text: was

text: released

text: earlier

text: at

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: Known

text: for

text: his

text: break

text: dancing

text: skills

text: Chiranjeevi

text: was

text: starred

text: in

text: feature

text: films

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: roles

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: starred

text: in

text: Swayam

text: Krushi

text: which

text: was

text: dubbed

text: into

text: Russian

text: and

text: was

text: screened

text: at

text: the

text: Moscow

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: Chiranjeevi

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: delegates

text: at

text: the

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: In

text: he

text: co

text: produced

text: Rudraveena

text: which

text: won

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Feature

text: Film

text: on

text: National

text: Integration

text: Annapurna Studios is an production and distribution company established in 1975 by the late Telugu actor Nageswara Rao Akkineni. This studio was named after his wife 'Annapurna Akkineni'. Based in Hyderabad, it mainly produces and distributes Telugu films and also provides various production facilities, including sound stages for set construction, outdoor sets, editing, dubbing and Digital Intermediate suites. ANR's son, actor Nagarjuna Akkineni serves as a chairman after his dad's death.

text: Annapurna

text: Studios

text: is

text: an

text: production

text: and

text: distribution

text: company

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: Telugu

text: actor

text: Nageswara

text: Rao

text: Akkineni

text: This

text: studio

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: his

text: wife

text: Annapurna

text: Akkineni

text: Based

text: in

text: Hyderabad

text: it

text: mainly

text: produces

text: and

text: distributes

text: Telugu

text: films

text: and

text: also

text: provides

text: various

text: production

text: facilities

text: including

text: sound

text: stages

text: for

text: set

text: construction

text: outdoor

text: sets

text: editing

text: dubbing

text: and

text: Digital

text: Intermediate

text: suites

text: ANR

text: 's

text: son

text: actor

text: Nagarjuna

text: Akkineni

text: serves

text: as

text: chairman

text: after

text: his

text: dad

text: 's

text: death

text:
The Nandi Awards is the highest award ceremony for excellence in Telugu cinema, Telugu theatre, Telugu Television, and Lifetime achievements in Indian cinema, presented annually by the Governments of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. "Nandi" means "bull", the award being named after the big granite bull at Lepakshi  a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu people.
Nandi Awards are presented in four categories: Gold, Silver, Bronze, and Copper. A variant, the Nandi Natakotsavam Awards for Theater, is also given every year by the government for social, mythological and poetic dramas.

text: The

text: Nandi

text: Awards

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: award

text: ceremony

text: for

text: excellence

text: in

text: Telugu

text: cinema

text: Telugu

text: theatre

text: Telugu

text: Television

text: and

text: Lifetime

text: achievements

text: in

text: Indian

text: cinema

text: presented

text: annually

text: by

text: the

text: Governments

text: of

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: and

text: Telangana

text: Nandi

text: means

text: bull

text: the

text: award

text: being

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: big

text: granite

text: bull

text: at

text: Lepakshi

text: cultural

text: and

text: historical

text: symbol

text: of

text: the

text: Telugu

text: people

text: Nandi

text: Awards

text: are

text: presented

text: in

text: four

text: categories

text: Gold

text: Silver

text: Bronze

text: and

text: Copper

text: variant

text: the

text: Nandi

text: Natakotsavam

text: Awards

text: for

text: Theater

text: is

text: also

text: given

text: every

text: year

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: for

text: social

text: mythological

text: and

text: poetic

text: dramas

text: Pranam Khareedu (English title: "Cost of Life") is a 1978 Telugu film. It starred Jayasudha, Rao Gopal Rao, Chandra Mohan, Chiranjeevi, Reshma Roy, and Madhavi in a guest appearance. The film released on 22 September 1978. The film is based on a play written by C. S. Rao (writer). It is the debut film for character actor Kota Srinivasa Rao.

text: Pranam

text: Khareedu

text: English

text: title

text: Cost

text: of

text: Life

text: is

text: Telugu

text: film

text: It

text: starred

text: Jayasudha

text: Rao

text: Gopal

text: Rao

text: Chandra

text: Mohan

text: Chiranjeevi

text: Reshma

text: Roy

text: and

text: Madhavi

text: in

text: guest

text: appearance

text: The

text: film

text: released

text: on

text: September

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: play

text: written

text: by

text: Rao

text: writer

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: film

text: for

text: character

text: actor

text: Kota

text: Srinivasa

text: Rao

text: Geetha Arts (Telugu:  ) is an Indian film production and distribution company established in 1972 by Allu Aravind, brother-in-law of Chiranjeevi. The company is based in Hyderabad and had produced films in Telugu, Tamil, Kannada and Hindi languages.

text: Geetha

text: Arts

text: Telugu

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: production

text: and

text: distribution

text: company

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: Allu

text: Aravind

text: brother

text: in

text: law

text: of

text: Chiranjeevi

text: The

text: company

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: had

text: produced

text: films

text: in

text: Telugu

text: Tamil

text: Kannada

text: and

text: Hindi

text: languages

text: Allu Aravind (born 10 January 1949) is an Indian film producer and distributor in Tollywood and political candidate. He produces films under his production banner Geetha Arts with his brother-in-law, actor Chiranjeevi.

text: Allu

text: Aravind

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: producer

text: and

text: distributor

text: in

text: Tollywood

text: and

text: political

text: candidate

text: He

text: produces

text: films

text: under

text: his

text: production

text: banner

text: Geetha

text: Arts

text: with

text: his

text: brother

text: in

text: law

text: actor

text: Chiranjeevi

text: Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari:  , "Mnak Hind") or simply Hindi (Devanagari: , "Hind"), is an Indian language and a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language. Hindi is one of the official languages of India, and is the "lingua franca" of the Hindi belt languages. Outside India, Hindi is an official language in Fiji, and is a recognised regional language in Mauritius, Suriname, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago.

text: Modern

text: Standard

text: Hindi

text: Devanagari

text: Mnak

text: Hind

text: or

text: simply

text: Hindi

text: Devanagari

text: Hind

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: language

text: and

text: standardised

text: and

text: Sanskritised

text: register

text: of

text: the

text: Hindustani

text: language

text: Hindi

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: lingua

text: franca

text: of

text: the

text: Hindi

text: belt

text: languages

text: Outside

text: India

text: Hindi

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: in

text: Fiji

text: and

text: is

text: recognised

text: regional

text: language

text: in

text: Mauritius

text: Suriname

text: Guyana

text: and

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Tobago

text: Mechanic Alludu is a Tollywood action - comedy film which is directed by B. Gopal and produced by Allu Aravind . This film stars Chiranjeevi , Vijayashanti , and Akkineni Nageswara Rao .

text: Mechanic

text: Alludu

text: is

text: Tollywood

text: action

text: comedy

text: film

text: which

text: is

text: directed

text: by

text: Gopal

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Allu

text: Aravind

text: This

text: film

text: stars

text: Chiranjeevi

text: Vijayashanti

text: and

text: Akkineni

text: Nageswara

text: Rao

text:
Akkineni Nageswara Rao (20 September 1924  22 January 2014), widely known as ANR, was an Indian film actor and producer, known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema. He starred in a variety of roles in his seventy five-year career as a matinee idol, while becoming one of the most prominent figures in the history of Telugu cinema.
He was one of the instrumental figures in moving the Telugu cinema industry from Madras to Hyderabad in the early 1960s alongside D. V. S. Raju. He founded Annapurna Studios in the year 1975 to provide infrastructural support to the new film industry in Hyderabad. He later started the Annapurna International School of Film and Media within Annapurna Studios in 2011.

text: Akkineni

text: Nageswara

text: Rao

text: September

text: January

text: widely

text: known

text: as

text: ANR

text: was

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actor

text: and

text: producer

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: works

text: predominantly

text: in

text: Telugu

text: cinema

text: He

text: starred

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: roles

text: in

text: his

text: seventy

text: five

text: year

text: career

text: as

text: matinee

text: idol

text: while

text: becoming

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: figures

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Telugu

text: cinema

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: instrumental

text: figures

text: in

text: moving

text: the

text: Telugu

text: cinema

text: industry

text: from

text: Madras

text: to

text: Hyderabad

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: alongside

text: Raju

text: He

text: founded

text: Annapurna

text: Studios

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: to

text: provide

text: infrastructural

text: support

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: film

text: industry

text: in

text: Hyderabad

text: He

text: later

text: started

text: the

text: Annapurna

text: International

text: School

text: of

text: Film

text: and

text: Media

text: within

text: Annapurna

text: Studios

text: in

text: Telugu cinema, also known by its sobriquet Tollywood, is a part of Indian cinema producing films in the Telugu language, based in the Hyderabad neighbourhood of Film Nagar in the Indian states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. Since 1909, filmmaker Raghupathi Venkaiah Naidu was involved in many aspects of Indian cinema's history, like producing short films and travelling to different regions in Asia to promote film work. In 1921, he produced the first Telugu silent film, "Bhishma Pratigna". He is cited as the father of Telugu cinema.

text: Telugu

text: cinema

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: sobriquet

text: Tollywood

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Indian

text: cinema

text: producing

text: films

text: in

text: the

text: Telugu

text: language

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Hyderabad

text: neighbourhood

text: of

text: Film

text: Nagar

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: Telangana

text: and

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: Since

text: filmmaker

text: Raghupathi

text: Venkaiah

text: Naidu

text: was

text: involved

text: in

text: many

text: aspects

text: of

text: Indian

text: cinema

text: 's

text: history

text: like

text: producing

text: short

text: films

text: and

text: travelling

text: to

text: different

text: regions

text: in

text: Asia

text: to

text: promote

text: film

text: work

text: In

text: he

text: produced

text: the

text: first

text: Telugu

text: silent

text: film

text: Bhishma

text: Pratigna

text: He

text: is

text: cited

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: Telugu

text: cinema

text: Filmfare Awards South is the South Indian segment of the annual Filmfare Awards, presented by The Times Group to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the South Indian film industry. The awards were introduced in 1954, around the films released in 1953 & Filmfare Awards initially recognizing the Hindi film industries. In 1964 awards were extended to Best Picture in Tamil, Telugu, Bengali and Marathi, around the films released in 1963.The inclusion of Malayalam cinema in the awards came in 1967 while Kannada cinema was recognized in 1970. Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad.

text: Filmfare

text: Awards

text: South

text: is

text: the

text: South

text: Indian

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: annual

text: Filmfare

text: Awards

text: presented

text: by

text: The

text: Times

text: Group

text: to

text: honour

text: both

text: artistic

text: and

text: technical

text: excellence

text: of

text: professionals

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Indian

text: film

text: industry

text: The

text: awards

text: were

text: introduced

text: in

text: around

text: the

text: films

text: released

text: in

text: Filmfare

text: Awards

text: initially

text: recognizing

text: the

text: Hindi

text: film

text: industries

text: In

text: awards

text: were

text: extended

text: to

text: Best

text: Picture

text: in

text: Tamil

text: Telugu

text: Bengali

text: and

text: Marathi

text: around

text: the

text: films

text: released

text: in

text: inclusion

text: of

text: Malayalam

text: cinema

text: in

text: the

text: awards

text: came

text: in

text: while

text: Kannada

text: cinema

text: was

text: recognized

text: in

text: Each

text: industry

text: is

text: given

text: its

text: own

text: set

text: of

text: creative

text: awards

text: in

text: annual

text: ceremonies

text: that

text: have

text: predominantly

text: been

text: held

text: in

text: Chennai

text: and

text: Hyderabad

text: Vijayashanti is an Indian film actress, producer and a politician. In a film career spanning thirty years, she has acted in over 186 feature films in a variety of roles in various Indian languages including Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Hindi. She was tagged "The Lady Superstar" and "Lady Amitabh" of South Indian cinema. She has won the National Film Award for Best Actress for her work as a "super cop" in "Karthavyam" (1991), and received six Filmfare Awards South for best acting, including the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award (South) in the year 2003, and four state Nandi Awards for her performance.

text: Vijayashanti

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actress

text: producer

text: and

text: politician

text: In

text: film

text: career

text: spanning

text: thirty

text: years

text: she

text: has

text: acted

text: in

text: over

text: feature

text: films

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: roles

text: in

text: various

text: Indian

text: languages

text: including

text: Telugu

text: Tamil

text: Malayalam

text: Kannada

text: and

text: Hindi

text: She

text: was

text: tagged

text: The

text: Lady

text: Superstar

text: and

text: Lady

text: Amitabh

text: of

text: South

text: Indian

text: cinema

text: She

text: has

text: won

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: for

text: her

text: work

text: as

text: super

text: cop

text: in

text: Karthavyam

text: and

text: received

text: six

text: Filmfare

text: Awards

text: South

text: for

text: best

text: acting

text: including

text: the

text: Filmfare

text: Lifetime

text: Achievement

text: Award

text: South

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: four

text: state

text: Nandi

text: Awards

text: for

text: her

text: performance

question: original_language_of_work mechanic alludu

answer: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu

text: telugu


text: Michael Joseph 'Mike' Stack III (born June 5, 1963) is an American politician who is the 33rd and current Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania. A Democrat, he was a member of the Pennsylvania State Senate, representing the 5th District, from 2001 to 2015.

text: Michael

text: Joseph

text: Mike

text: Stack

text: III

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: and

text: current

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: Democrat

text: he

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Pennsylvania

text: State

text: Senate

text: representing

text: the

text: District

text: from

text: to

text: John Peter Shindel Gobin ( January 21 , 1837 -- May 1 , 1910 ) was an officer in the Union Army during the Civil War , and the seventh Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania .

text: John

text: Peter

text: Shindel

text: Gobin

text: January

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: officer

text: in

text: the

text: Union

text: Army

text: during

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: The lieutenant governor is a constitutional officer of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The lieutenant governor is elected for a four year term in the same year as the governor. Each party picks a candidate for lieutenant governor independently of the governors. The winners of the party primaries are then teamed together in a governor/lieutenant governor ticket which runs together in the fall general election. Michael J. Stack III is the incumbent lieutenant governor. The lieutenant governor presides in the Senate and is first in the line of succession to the governor; in the event the governor dies, resigns, or otherwise leaves office, the lieutenant governor becomes governor.

text: The

text: lieutenant

text: governor

text: is

text: constitutional

text: officer

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: The

text: lieutenant

text: governor

text: is

text: elected

text: for

text: four

text: year

text: term

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: as

text: the

text: governor

text: Each

text: party

text: picks

text: candidate

text: for

text: lieutenant

text: governor

text: independently

text: of

text: the

text: governors

text: The

text: winners

text: of

text: the

text: party

text: primaries

text: are

text: then

text: teamed

text: together

text: in

text: governor

text: lieutenant

text: governor

text: ticket

text: which

text: runs

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: fall

text: general

text: election

text: Michael

text: Stack

text: III

text: is

text: the

text: incumbent

text: lieutenant

text: governor

text: The

text: lieutenant

text: governor

text: presides

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: and

text: is

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: line

text: of

text: succession

text: to

text: the

text: governor

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: the

text: governor

text: dies

text: resigns

text: or

text: otherwise

text: leaves

text: office

text: the

text: lieutenant

text: governor

text: becomes

text: governor

annotations: follows multiple

question: position_held john p. s. gobin

answer: member of the pennsylvania state senate

text: member of the pennsylvania state senate


text: , formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond which lie the Ryukyu Islands of Japan.

text: formerly

text: romanized

text: as

text: Chekiang

text: is

text: an

text: eastern

text: coastal

text: province

text: of

text: China

text: Zhejiang

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Jiangsu

text: province

text: and

text: Shanghai

text: municipality

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Anhui

text: province

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Jiangxi

text: province

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Fujian

text: province

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: is

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: beyond

text: which

text: lie

text: the

text: Ryukyu

text: Islands

text: of

text: Japan

text: Lieutenant General Dai Li ( Tai Li ; Chinese :  ; pinyin : Dài Lì ; Wade -- Giles : Tai4 Li4 ; May 28 , 1897 - March 17 , 1946 ) was born Dai Chunfeng ( Tai Chun - feng ;  ) with the courtesy name of Yunong ( Yu - nung ;  ) in Bao'an , Jiangshan of Qing Dynasty China 's Zhejiang province . He studied at the Whampoa Military Academy , where Chiang Kai - shek served as Chief Commandant , and later became head of Chiang 's Military Intelligence Service .

text: Lieutenant

text: General

text: Dai

text: Li

text: Tai

text: Li

text: Chinese

text: pinyin

text: Dài

text: Lì

text: Wade

text: Giles

text: May

text: March

text: was

text: born

text: Dai

text: Chunfeng

text: Tai

text: Chun

text: feng

text: with

text: the

text: courtesy

text: name

text: of

text: Yunong

text: Yu

text: nung

text: in

text: Bao'an

text: Jiangshan

text: of

text: Qing

text: Dynasty

text: China

text: 's

text: Zhejiang

text: province

text: He

text: studied

text: at

text: the

text: Whampoa

text: Military

text: Academy

text: where

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: served

text: as

text: Chief

text: Commandant

text: and

text: later

text: became

text: head

text: of

text: Chiang

text: 's

text: Military

text: Intelligence

text: Service

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: The Northern Expedition, was a Kuomintang (KMT) military campaign, led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, from 192628. Its main objective was to unify China under its own control by ending the rule of the Beiyang government as well as the local warlords. It led to the end of the Warlord Era, the reunification of China in 1928 and the establishment of the Nanjing government.

text: The

text: Northern

text: Expedition

text: was

text: Kuomintang

text: KMT

text: military

text: campaign

text: led

text: by

text: Generalissimo

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: from

text: Its

text: main

text: objective

text: was

text: to

text: unify

text: China

text: under

text: its

text: own

text: control

text: by

text: ending

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: Beiyang

text: government

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: local

text: warlords

text: It

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Warlord

text: Era

text: the

text: reunification

text: of

text: China

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Nanjing

text: government

text: The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, also called the Qing Empire or the Manchu dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The Qing multi-cultural empire lasted almost three centuries and formed the territorial base for the modern Chinese state.

text: The

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: officially

text: the

text: Great

text: Qing

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Qing

text: Empire

text: or

text: the

text: Manchu

text: dynasty

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: imperial

text: dynasty

text: of

text: China

text: ruling

text: from

text: to

text: with

text: brief

text: abortive

text: restoration

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: and

text: succeeded

text: by

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: The

text: Qing

text: multi

text: cultural

text: empire

text: lasted

text: almost

text: three

text: centuries

text: and

text: formed

text: the

text: territorial

text: base

text: for

text: the

text: modern

text: Chinese

text: state

text:
In early European sources, based on accounts by French missionaries, the name of Quzhou (Fu) was transcribed in the contemporary French manner, as Kyu-tcheou-fou or Kiu-tcheou-fou.
History.
During the Southern Song dynasty the descendant of Confucius at Qufu, the Duke Yansheng Kong Duanyou fled south with the Song Emperor to Quzhou, while the newly established Jin dynasty (11151234) in the north appointed Kong Duanyou's brother Kong Duancao who remained in Qufu as Duke Yansheng. From that time up until the Yuan dynasty, there were two Duke Yanshengs, once in the north in Qufu and the other in the south at Quzhou. An invitation to come back to Qufu was extended to the southern Duke Yansheng Kong Zhu by the Yuan dynasty Emperor Kublai Khan. The title was taken away from the southern branch after Kong Zhu rejected the invitation, so the northern branch of the family kept the title of Duke Yansheng. The southern branch still remained in Quzhou where they lived to this day. Confucius's descendants in Quzhou alone number 30,000. The Hanlin Academy rank of Wujing boshi  was awarded to the southern branch at Quzhou by a Ming Emperor while the northern branch at Qufu held the title Duke Yansheng. Kong Ruogu  aka Kong Chuan() 47th generation was claimed to be the ancestor of the Southern branch after Kong Zhu died by Northern branch member Kong Guanghuang. The leader of the southern branch is  Kong Xiangkai.

text: In

text: early

text: European

text: sources

text: based

text: on

text: accounts

text: by

text: French

text: missionaries

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Quzhou

text: Fu

text: was

text: transcribed

text: in

text: the

text: contemporary

text: French

text: manner

text: as

text: Kyu

text: tcheou

text: fou

text: or

text: Kiu

text: tcheou

text: fou

text: History

text: During

text: the

text: Southern

text: Song

text: dynasty

text: the

text: descendant

text: of

text: Confucius

text: at

text: Qufu

text: the

text: Duke

text: Yansheng

text: Kong

text: Duanyou

text: fled

text: south

text: with

text: the

text: Song

text: Emperor

text: to

text: Quzhou

text: while

text: the

text: newly

text: established

text: Jin

text: dynasty

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: appointed

text: Kong

text: Duanyou

text: 's

text: brother

text: Kong

text: Duancao

text: who

text: remained

text: in

text: Qufu

text: as

text: Duke

text: Yansheng

text: From

text: that

text: time

text: up

text: until

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: there

text: were

text: two

text: Duke

text: Yanshengs

text: once

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: in

text: Qufu

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: at

text: Quzhou

text: An

text: invitation

text: to

text: come

text: back

text: to

text: Qufu

text: was

text: extended

text: to

text: the

text: southern

text: Duke

text: Yansheng

text: Kong

text: Zhu

text: by

text: the

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: Emperor

text: Kublai

text: Khan

text: The

text: title

text: was

text: taken

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: southern

text: branch

text: after

text: Kong

text: Zhu

text: rejected

text: the

text: invitation

text: so

text: the

text: northern

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: kept

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Duke

text: Yansheng

text: The

text: southern

text: branch

text: still

text: remained

text: in

text: Quzhou

text: where

text: they

text: lived

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: Confucius

text: 's

text: descendants

text: in

text: Quzhou

text: alone

text: number

text: The

text: Hanlin

text: Academy

text: rank

text: of

text: Wujing

text: boshi

text: was

text: awarded

text: to

text: the

text: southern

text: branch

text: at

text: Quzhou

text: by

text: Ming

text: Emperor

text: while

text: the

text: northern

text: branch

text: at

text: Qufu

text: held

text: the

text: title

text: Duke

text: Yansheng

text: Kong

text: Ruogu

text: aka

text: Kong

text: Chuan

text: generation

text: was

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: ancestor

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: branch

text: after

text: Kong

text: Zhu

text: died

text: by

text: Northern

text: branch

text: member

text: Kong

text: Guanghuang

text: The

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: branch

text: is

text: Kong

text: Xiangkai

text: Anhui is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China located in the eastern region of the country. Located across the basins of the Yangtze River and the Huai River, it borders Jiangsu to the east, Zhejiang to the southeast, Jiangxi to the south, Hubei to the southwest, Henan to the northwest, and Shandong for a short section in the north. The provincial capital is Hefei.

text: Anhui

text: is

text: landlocked

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Located

text: across

text: the

text: basins

text: of

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Huai

text: River

text: it

text: borders

text: Jiangsu

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Zhejiang

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Jiangxi

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Hubei

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Henan

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Shandong

text: for

text: short

text: section

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: provincial

text: capital

text: is

text: Hefei

text: Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest.

text: Japan

text: Nippon

text: or

text: Nihon

text: formally

text: or

text: Nihon

text: koku

text: means

text: State

text: of

text: Japan

text: is

text: sovereign

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Asia

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: lying

text: off

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Asia

text: Mainland

text: east

text: of

text: China

text: Korea

text: Russia

text: and

text: stretching

text: from

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Okhotsk

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: and

text: near

text: Taiwan

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866  12 March 1925) was a Chinese physician, writer, philosopher, calligrapher and revolutionary, the first president and founding father of the Republic of China. As the foremost pioneer of the Republic of China, Sun is referred to as the "Father of the Nation" in the Republic of China (ROC), Hong Kong, Macau and the "forerunner of democratic revolution" in People's Republic of China (PRC). Sun played an instrumental role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty during the years leading up to the Xinhai Revolution. He was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Nationalist Party of China, serving as its first leader. Sun was a uniting figure in post-Imperial China, and he remains unique among 20th-century Chinese politicians for being widely revered amongst the people from both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

text: Sun

text: Yat

text: sen

text: November

text: March

text: was

text: Chinese

text: physician

text: writer

text: philosopher

text: calligrapher

text: and

text: revolutionary

text: the

text: first

text: president

text: and

text: founding

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: As

text: the

text: foremost

text: pioneer

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Sun

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Father

text: of

text: the

text: Nation

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: ROC

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Macau

text: and

text: the

text: forerunner

text: of

text: democratic

text: revolution

text: in

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: Sun

text: played

text: an

text: instrumental

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: overthrow

text: of

text: the

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: during

text: the

text: years

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Xinhai

text: Revolution

text: He

text: was

text: appointed

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: Provisional

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: He

text: later

text: co

text: founded

text: the

text: Nationalist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: serving

text: as

text: its

text: first

text: leader

text: Sun

text: was

text: uniting

text: figure

text: in

text: post

text: Imperial

text: China

text: and

text: he

text: remains

text: unique

text: among

text: century

text: Chinese

text: politicians

text: for

text: being

text: widely

text: revered

text: amongst

text: the

text: people

text: from

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Taiwan

text: Strait

text: Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887  April 5, 1975), also romanized as Jiang Jieshi and known as Jiang Zhongzheng, was a Chinese political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975. Chiang was an influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, and was a close ally of Sun Yat-sen's. He became the Commandant of the Kuomintang's Whampoa Military Academy and took Sun's place as leader of the KMT, following the Canton Coup in early 1926. Having neutralized the party's left wing, Chiang then led Sun's long-postponed Northern Expedition, conquering or reaching accommodations with China's many warlords.

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: October

text: April

text: also

text: romanized

text: as

text: Jiang

text: Jieshi

text: and

text: known

text: as

text: Jiang

text: Zhongzheng

text: was

text: Chinese

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: leader

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: between

text: and

text: Chiang

text: was

text: an

text: influential

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: KMT

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Nationalist

text: Party

text: and

text: was

text: close

text: ally

text: of

text: Sun

text: Yat

text: sen

text: 's

text: He

text: became

text: the

text: Commandant

text: of

text: the

text: Kuomintang

text: 's

text: Whampoa

text: Military

text: Academy

text: and

text: took

text: Sun

text: 's

text: place

text: as

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: KMT

text: following

text: the

text: Canton

text: Coup

text: in

text: early

text: Having

text: neutralized

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: left

text: wing

text: Chiang

text: then

text: led

text: Sun

text: 's

text: long

text: postponed

text: Northern

text: Expedition

text: conquering

text: or

text: reaching

text: accommodations

text: with

text: China

text: 's

text: many

text: warlords

text: The East China Sea is a marginal sea east of China. The East China Sea is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of roughly . To the east lies the Japanese islands of Kyushu and the Ryukyu Islands, to the south lies the South China Sea, and to the west by the Asian continent. The sea connects with the Sea of Japan through the Korea Strait and opens to the north into the Yellow Sea. The sovereign states which border the sea include South Korea, Japan, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China.

text: The

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: is

text: marginal

text: sea

text: east

text: of

text: China

text: The

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: roughly

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: lies

text: the

text: Japanese

text: islands

text: of

text: Kyushu

text: and

text: the

text: Ryukyu

text: Islands

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: lies

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: The

text: sea

text: connects

text: with

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Japan

text: through

text: the

text: Korea

text: Strait

text: and

text: opens

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: into

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: The

text: sovereign

text: states

text: which

text: border

text: the

text: sea

text: include

text: South

text: Korea

text: Japan

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Shanghai (": Zånhae" ), often abbreviated as Hu or Shen, is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China. It is the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million . It is a global financial centre and transport hub, with the world's busiest container port. Located in the Yangtze River Delta in East China, Shanghai sits on the south edge of the mouth of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north, south and west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.

text: Shanghai

text: Zånhae

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: Hu

text: or

text: Shen

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: It

text: is

text: global

text: financial

text: centre

text: and

text: transport

text: hub

text: with

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: container

text: port

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: Delta

text: in

text: East

text: China

text: Shanghai

text: sits

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: coast

text: The

text: municipality

text: borders

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Jiangsu

text: and

text: Zhejiang

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: is

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: Jiangxi (Gan: Kongsi) is a province in the People's Republic of China, located in the southeast of the country. Spanning from the banks of the Yangtze river in the north into hillier areas in the south and east, it shares a border with Anhui to the north, Zhejiang to the northeast, Fujian to the east, Guangdong to the south, Hunan to the west, and Hubei to the northwest.

text: Jiangxi

text: Gan

text: Kongsi

text: is

text: province

text: in

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Spanning

text: from

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: into

text: hillier

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: it

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: Anhui

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Zhejiang

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Fujian

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Guangdong

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Hunan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Hubei

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Second in Command is a 2006 American action film starring Jean-Claude Van Damme and directed by Simon Fellows. The film was released on direct-to-DVD in the United States on May 2, 2006.

text: Second

text: in

text: Command

text: is

text: American

text: action

text: film

text: starring

text: Jean

text: Claude

text: Van

text: Damme

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Simon

text: Fellows

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: direct

text: to

text: DVD

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: May

text: In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

text: In

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: or

text: medieval

text: period

text: lasted

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: The

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: the

text: middle

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: traditional

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: history

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: medieval

text: period

text: is

text: itself

text: subdivided

text: into

text: the

text: Early

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Jiangsu, formerly romanized as Kiangsu, is an eastern-central coastal province of the People's Republic of China, one of the leading provinces in manufacturing electronics and apparel items, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the third smallest, but the fifth most populous and the most densely populated of the 23 provinces of the People's Republic of China. Jiangsu has the second-highest GDP of Chinese provinces, after Guangdong. Jiangsu borders Shandong in the north, Anhui to the west, and Zhejiang and Shanghai to the south. Jiangsu has a coastline of over along the Yellow Sea, and the Yangtze River passes through the southern part of the province.

text: Jiangsu

text: formerly

text: romanized

text: as

text: Kiangsu

text: is

text: an

text: eastern

text: central

text: coastal

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: provinces

text: in

text: manufacturing

text: electronics

text: and

text: apparel

text: items

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: in

text: Nanjing

text: Jiangsu

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: smallest

text: but

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: Jiangsu

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: GDP

text: of

text: Chinese

text: provinces

text: after

text: Guangdong

text: Jiangsu

text: borders

text: Shandong

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Anhui

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Zhejiang

text: and

text: Shanghai

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Jiangsu

text: has

text: coastline

text: of

text: over

text: along

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: A county-level municipality, county-level city, or county city is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. County-level cities are usually governed by prefecture-level divisions, but a few are governed directly by province-level divisions.

text: county

text: level

text: municipality

text: county

text: level

text: city

text: or

text: county

text: city

text: is

text: county

text: level

text: administrative

text: division

text: of

text: mainland

text: China

text: County

text: level

text: cities

text: are

text: usually

text: governed

text: by

text: prefecture

text: level

text: divisions

text: but

text: few

text: are

text: governed

text: directly

text: by

text: province

text: level

text: divisions

text: Fujian (pronounced ), formerly romanised as Foken, Fouken, Fukien, and Hokkien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. The name Fujian came from the combination of Fuzhou and Jianzhou (a former name for Jian'ou) two cities in Fujian, during the Tang dynasty. While its population is chiefly of Han origin, it is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse provinces in China.

text: Fujian

text: pronounced

text: formerly

text: romanised

text: as

text: Foken

text: Fouken

text: Fukien

text: and

text: Hokkien

text: is

text: province

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: coast

text: of

text: mainland

text: China

text: Fujian

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Zhejiang

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Jiangxi

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Guangdong

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: name

text: Fujian

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: Fuzhou

text: and

text: Jianzhou

text: former

text: name

text: for

text: Jian'ou

text: two

text: cities

text: in

text: Fujian

text: during

text: the

text: Tang

text: dynasty

text: While

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: chiefly

text: of

text: Han

text: origin

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: culturally

text: and

text: linguistically

text: diverse

text: provinces

text: in

text: China

text: The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Chinathen known as the for 276 years (13681644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming, described by some as "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history," was the last imperial dynasty in China ruled by ethnic Han Chinese. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the Shun dynasty, soon replaced by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty), regimes loyal to the Ming throne  collectively called the Southern Ming  survived until 1683.

text: The

text: Ming

text: dynasty

text: was

text: the

text: ruling

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Chinathen

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: for

text: years

text: following

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Mongol

text: led

text: Yuan

text: dynasty

text: The

text: Ming

text: described

text: by

text: some

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: eras

text: of

text: orderly

text: government

text: and

text: social

text: stability

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: imperial

text: dynasty

text: in

text: China

text: ruled

text: by

text: ethnic

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: Although

text: the

text: primary

text: capital

text: of

text: Beijing

text: fell

text: in

text: to

text: rebellion

text: led

text: by

text: Li

text: Zicheng

text: who

text: established

text: the

text: Shun

text: dynasty

text: soon

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: Manchu

text: led

text: Qing

text: dynasty

text: regimes

text: loyal

text: to

text: the

text: Ming

text: throne

text: collectively

text: called

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ming

text: survived

text: until

text: Hangzhou, formerly romanized as Hangchow, is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang Province in east China. It sits at the head of Hangzhou Bay, which separates Shanghai and Ningbo. Hangzhou grew to prominence as the southern terminus of the Grand Canal and has been one of the most renowned and prosperous cities in China for much of the last millennium, due in part to its beautiful natural scenery. The city's West Lake is its best-known attraction.

text: Hangzhou

text: formerly

text: romanized

text: as

text: Hangchow

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Zhejiang

text: Province

text: in

text: east

text: China

text: It

text: sits

text: at

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: Hangzhou

text: Bay

text: which

text: separates

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Ningbo

text: Hangzhou

text: grew

text: to

text: prominence

text: as

text: the

text: southern

text: terminus

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Canal

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: renowned

text: and

text: prosperous

text: cities

text: in

text: China

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: millennium

text: due

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: its

text: beautiful

text: natural

text: scenery

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: West

text: Lake

text: is

text: its

text: best

text: known

text: attraction

text: Lieutenant general, lieutenant-general and similar (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a captain general.

text: Lieutenant

text: general

text: lieutenant

text: general

text: and

text: similar

text: abbrev

text: Lt

text: Gen

text: LTG

text: and

text: similar

text: is

text: three

text: star

text: military

text: rank

text: NATO

text: code

text: used

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: The

text: rank

text: traces

text: its

text: origins

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: where

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: lieutenant

text: general

text: was

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: second

text: in

text: command

text: on

text: the

text: battlefield

text: who

text: was

text: normally

text: subordinate

text: to

text: captain

text: general

text: The , known in Japanese as the and also known as the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the sumi, Tokara, Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands (further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands), with Yonaguni the southernmost. The larger are mostly high islands and the smaller ones are mostly coral islands. The largest of the islands is Okinawa.

text: The

text: known

text: in

text: Japanese

text: as

text: the

text: and

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: are

text: chain

text: of

text: Japanese

text: islands

text: that

text: stretch

text: southwest

text: from

text: Kyushu

text: to

text: Taiwan

text: the

text: sumi

text: Tokara

text: Amami

text: Okinawa

text: and

text: Sakishima

text: Islands

text: further

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: Miyako

text: and

text: Yaeyama

text: Islands

text: with

text: Yonaguni

text: the

text: southernmost

text: The

text: larger

text: are

text: mostly

text: high

text: islands

text: and

text: the

text: smaller

text: ones

text: are

text: mostly

text: coral

text: islands

text: The

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: is

text: Okinawa

text: The Canton Coup of 20 March 1926, also known as the or the was a purge of Communist elements of the Nationalist army in Guangzhou (then romanized as "Canton") undertaken by Chiang Kai-shek. The incident solidified Chiang's power immediately before the successful Northern Expedition, turning him into the paramount leader of the country.

text: The

text: Canton

text: Coup

text: of

text: March

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: or

text: the

text: was

text: purge

text: of

text: Communist

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: Nationalist

text: army

text: in

text: Guangzhou

text: then

text: romanized

text: as

text: Canton

text: undertaken

text: by

text: Chiang

text: Kai

text: shek

text: The

text: incident

text: solidified

text: Chiang

text: 's

text: power

text: immediately

text: before

text: the

text: successful

text: Northern

text: Expedition

text: turning

text: him

text: into

text: the

text: paramount

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The Kuomintang (or ; KMT), often translated as the Nationalist Party of China or Chinese Nationalist Party, also spelled as Guomindang (GMD) by its Pinyin transliteration, is a major political party in the Republic of China, currently the second-largest in the country.

text: The

text: Kuomintang

text: or

text: KMT

text: often

text: translated

text: as

text: the

text: Nationalist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: or

text: Chinese

text: Nationalist

text: Party

text: also

text: spelled

text: as

text: Guomindang

text: GMD

text: by

text: its

text: Pinyin

text: transliteration

text: is

text: major

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: currently

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Jiangshan is a county-level city located in Quzhou prefecture, Zhejiang Province, China. Located about 250 kilometers southwest of Hangzhou, the provincial capital, it is the only county-level city in the prefecture. In 1999, Jiangshan's population stood at 563,196. The city is named aptly: Jiang means river and Shan means mountain; a river runs through the city and scenic Mt. Jianglang sits on its border.

text: Jiangshan

text: is

text: county

text: level

text: city

text: located

text: in

text: Quzhou

text: prefecture

text: Zhejiang

text: Province

text: China

text: Located

text: about

text: kilometers

text: southwest

text: of

text: Hangzhou

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: county

text: level

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: prefecture

text: In

text: Jiangshan

text: 's

text: population

text: stood

text: at

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: named

text: aptly

text: Jiang

text: means

text: river

text: and

text: Shan

text: means

text: mountain

text: river

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: scenic

text: Mt.

text: Jianglang

text: sits

text: on

text: its

text: border

question: place_of_death dai li

answer: nanjing

text: nanjing

text: nanjing


text: The Wren Society , is one of the many secret societies on the campus of the College of William and Mary . Founded in 1832 , to honor the two hundredth birthday of Sir Christopher Wren , the society quickly grew in prominence . The society , like many other traditions of the Royal College , fell victim to the American Civil War . Restored in the 20th Century by a number of enterprising students , the Wren Society has continued to assist the College . The society is thought to meet late at night on the grounds of the original College . Members are ' tapped ' based upon their dedication to academics , commitment to service , and demonstration of exceptional leadership within the college community . Membership in the Society is steeped in secrecy , but is rumored to consist of a select number of upperclassmen leaders from all walks of campus life .

text: The

text: Wren

text: Society

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: many

text: secret

text: societies

text: on

text: the

text: campus

text: of

text: the

text: College

text: of

text: William

text: and

text: Mary

text: Founded

text: in

text: to

text: honor

text: the

text: two

text: hundredth

text: birthday

text: of

text: Sir

text: Christopher

text: Wren

text: the

text: society

text: quickly

text: grew

text: in

text: prominence

text: The

text: society

text: like

text: many

text: other

text: traditions

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: College

text: fell

text: victim

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: Restored

text: in

text: the

text: Century

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: enterprising

text: students

text: the

text: Wren

text: Society

text: has

text: continued

text: to

text: assist

text: the

text: College

text: The

text: society

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: meet

text: late

text: at

text: night

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: College

text: Members

text: are

text: tapped

text: based

text: upon

text: their

text: dedication

text: to

text: academics

text: commitment

text: to

text: service

text: and

text: demonstration

text: of

text: exceptional

text: leadership

text: within

text: the

text: college

text: community

text: Membership

text: in

text: the

text: Society

text: is

text: steeped

text: in

text: secrecy

text: but

text: is

text: rumored

text: to

text: consist

text: of

text: select

text: number

text: of

text: upperclassmen

text: leaders

text: from

text: all

text: walks

text: of

text: campus

text: life

text: The Confederate States, officially the Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized breakaway country of 11 secessionist slave states existing from 1861 to 1865. It was originally formed by seven slave states  South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas  in the Lower South region of the United States whose regional economy was mostly dependent upon agriculture, particularly cotton, and a plantation system that relied upon the labor of African-American slaves.

text: The

text: Confederate

text: States

text: officially

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: CSA

text: or

text: C.S.

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Confederacy

text: was

text: an

text: unrecognized

text: breakaway

text: country

text: of

text: secessionist

text: slave

text: states

text: existing

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: formed

text: by

text: seven

text: slave

text: states

text: South

text: Carolina

text: Mississippi

text: Florida

text: Alabama

text: Georgia

text: Louisiana

text: and

text: Texas

text: in

text: the

text: Lower

text: South

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: whose

text: regional

text: economy

text: was

text: mostly

text: dependent

text: upon

text: agriculture

text: particularly

text: cotton

text: and

text: plantation

text: system

text: that

text: relied

text: upon

text: the

text: labor

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: slaves

text: Secession (derived from the Latin term "secessio") is the withdrawal of a group from a larger entity, especially a political entity (a country), but also any organization, union or military alliance. Threats of secession can also be a strategy for achieving more limited goals.

text: Secession

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: term

text: secessio

text: is

text: the

text: withdrawal

text: of

text: group

text: from

text: larger

text: entity

text: especially

text: political

text: entity

text: country

text: but

text: also

text: any

text: organization

text: union

text: or

text: military

text: alliance

text: Threats

text: of

text: secession

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: strategy

text: for

text: achieving

text: more

text: limited

text: goals

text:
A civil war, also known as an intrastate war in polemology, is a war between organized groups within the same state or country, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly united state.
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region or to change government policies.
The term is a calque of the Latin "bellum civile" which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.

text: civil

text: war

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: intrastate

text: war

text: in

text: polemology

text: is

text: war

text: between

text: organized

text: groups

text: within

text: the

text: same

text: state

text: or

text: country

text: or

text: less

text: commonly

text: between

text: two

text: countries

text: created

text: from

text: formerly

text: united

text: state

text: The

text: aim

text: of

text: one

text: side

text: may

text: be

text: to

text: take

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: or

text: region

text: to

text: achieve

text: independence

text: for

text: region

text: or

text: to

text: change

text: government

text: policies

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: calque

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: bellum

text: civile

text: which

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: various

text: civil

text: wars

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States fought from 1861 to 1865. The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America. The Union won the war, which remains the bloodiest in U.S. history.

text: The

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: was

text: civil

text: war

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: fought

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: Union

text: faced

text: secessionists

text: in

text: eleven

text: Southern

text: states

text: grouped

text: together

text: as

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: The

text: Union

text: won

text: the

text: war

text: which

text: remains

text: the

text: bloodiest

text: in

text: U.S.

text: history

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of wren society

answer: organization

text: organization


text: Jerusalem , is a city located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. One of the oldest cities in the world, Jerusalem was named as ""Urusalima"" on ancient Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets, probably meaning "City of Shalem" after a Canaanite deity, during the early Canaanite period (approximately 2400 BCE). During the Israelite period, significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 9th century BCE (Iron Age II), and in the 8th century the city developed into the religious and administrative center of the Kingdom of Judah. It is considered a holy city in the three major Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: city

text: located

text: on

text: plateau

text: in

text: the

text: Judaean

text: Mountains

text: between

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: and

text: the

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Jerusalem

text: was

text: named

text: as

text: Urusalima

text: on

text: ancient

text: Mesopotamian

text: cuneiform

text: tablets

text: probably

text: meaning

text: City

text: of

text: Shalem

text: after

text: Canaanite

text: deity

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: Canaanite

text: period

text: approximately

text: BCE

text: During

text: the

text: Israelite

text: period

text: significant

text: construction

text: activity

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Iron

text: Age

text: II

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: city

text: developed

text: into

text: the

text: religious

text: and

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Judah

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: holy

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: major

text: Abrahamic

text: religions

text: of

text: Judaism

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Islam

text: Munich (also in British English ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and the 12th biggest city of the European Union, with a population of above 1.5 million. The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5.8 million people.

text: Munich

text: also

text: in

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: Bavaria

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: River

text: Isar

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Bavarian

text: Alps

text: Munich

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: after

text: Berlin

text: and

text: Hamburg

text: and

text: the

text: biggest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: above

text: million

text: The

text: Munich

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: Gad Tsobari ( Hebrew :    sometimes Tsabari , Zobari , or Zabari ) ( born January 30 , 1944 ) is an Israeli - born light - flyweight freestyle wrestler and a member of Israel 's 1972 Olympic team . He finished 12th ( of 50 ) in his event , and was considered a possible medal threat at the Montreal Games of 1976 . Tsobari was the only survivor of the six athletes housed in Apartment 3 at 31 Connollystraße , which was the second apartment taken by Arab terrorists in the early morning hours of September 5 , 1972 in an event called the Munich massacre . Although he was originally taken hostage by the Black September terrorists , Tsobari was able to escape with the help of his already - wounded coach , Moshe Weinberg , who attacked the terrorists and received fatal gunshot wounds in the process . While Weinberg was fighting the terrorists , Tsobari dashed down a flight of stairs and through an underground garage , even as one of the terrorists pursued and shot after him . Tsobari found his way to the Olympic Village security building , where he informed officials about the break - in at the Israeli quarters . Nearly 18 hours later , Tsobari and the rest of the Israeli Olympians not taken hostage watched the helicopters take off for Fürstenfeldbruck airbase , where the remaining Israeli athletes taken hostage would be killed during a shootout with the German police . He is uncle of windsurfer and Olympic bronze medalist Shahar Tzuberi .

text: Gad

text: Tsobari

text: Hebrew

text: sometimes

text: Tsabari

text: Zobari

text: or

text: Zabari

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: Israeli

text: born

text: light

text: flyweight

text: freestyle

text: wrestler

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: Israel

text: 's

text: Olympic

text: team

text: He

text: finished

text: of

text: in

text: his

text: event

text: and

text: was

text: considered

text: possible

text: medal

text: threat

text: at

text: the

text: Montreal

text: Games

text: of

text: Tsobari

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: survivor

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: athletes

text: housed

text: in

text: Apartment

text: at

text: Connollystraße

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: apartment

text: taken

text: by

text: Arab

text: terrorists

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: morning

text: hours

text: of

text: September

text: in

text: an

text: event

text: called

text: the

text: Munich

text: massacre

text: Although

text: he

text: was

text: originally

text: taken

text: hostage

text: by

text: the

text: Black

text: September

text: terrorists

text: Tsobari

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: escape

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: his

text: already

text: wounded

text: coach

text: Moshe

text: Weinberg

text: who

text: attacked

text: the

text: terrorists

text: and

text: received

text: fatal

text: gunshot

text: wounds

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: While

text: Weinberg

text: was

text: fighting

text: the

text: terrorists

text: Tsobari

text: dashed

text: down

text: flight

text: of

text: stairs

text: and

text: through

text: an

text: underground

text: garage

text: even

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: terrorists

text: pursued

text: and

text: shot

text: after

text: him

text: Tsobari

text: found

text: his

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Village

text: security

text: building

text: where

text: he

text: informed

text: officials

text: about

text: the

text: break

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: Israeli

text: quarters

text: Nearly

text: hours

text: later

text: Tsobari

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Olympians

text: not

text: taken

text: hostage

text: watched

text: the

text: helicopters

text: take

text: off

text: for

text: Fürstenfeldbruck

text: airbase

text: where

text: the

text: remaining

text: Israeli

text: athletes

text: taken

text: hostage

text: would

text: be

text: killed

text: during

text: shootout

text: with

text: the

text: German

text: police

text: He

text: is

text: uncle

text: of

text: windsurfer

text: and

text: Olympic

text: bronze

text: medalist

text: Shahar

text: Tzuberi

text: The Munich massacre was an attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, at which eleven Israeli Olympic team members were taken hostage and eventually killed, along with a German police officer, by the Palestinian terrorist group Black September. Shortly after the crisis began, they demanded 234 prisoners jailed in Israel and the German-held founders of the Red Army Faction (Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof) be released. Black September called the operation "Iqrit and Biram", after two Palestinian Christian villages whose inhabitants were expelled by the IDF in 1948.

text: The

text: Munich

text: massacre

text: was

text: an

text: attack

text: during

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: in

text: Munich

text: West

text: Germany

text: at

text: which

text: eleven

text: Israeli

text: Olympic

text: team

text: members

text: were

text: taken

text: hostage

text: and

text: eventually

text: killed

text: along

text: with

text: German

text: police

text: officer

text: by

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: terrorist

text: group

text: Black

text: September

text: Shortly

text: after

text: the

text: crisis

text: began

text: they

text: demanded

text: prisoners

text: jailed

text: in

text: Israel

text: and

text: the

text: German

text: held

text: founders

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: Faction

text: Andreas

text: Baader

text: and

text: Ulrike

text: Meinhof

text: be

text: released

text: Black

text: September

text: called

text: the

text: operation

text: Iqrit

text: and

text: Biram

text: after

text: two

text: Palestinian

text: Christian

text: villages

text: whose

text: inhabitants

text: were

text: expelled

text: by

text: the

text: IDF

text: in

text: Lebanon , officially known as the Lebanese Republic, is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. At just 10,452 km (4,036 sq. mi.), it is the smallest recognized country on the entire mainland Asian continent.

text: Lebanon

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Lebanese

text: Republic

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: while

text: Cyprus

text: is

text: west

text: across

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Lebanon

text: 's

text: location

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: the

text: Arabian

text: hinterland

text: facilitated

text: its

text: rich

text: history

text: and

text: shaped

text: cultural

text: identity

text: of

text: religious

text: and

text: ethnic

text: diversity

text: At

text: just

text: km

text: sq

text: mi

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: recognized

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: entire

text: mainland

text: Asian

text: continent

text: West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG (or "RFA") in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. During this Cold War era, NATO-aligned West Germany and Warsaw Pact-aligned East Germany were divided by the Inner German border. After 1961 West Berlin was physically separated from East Berlin as well as from East Germany by the Berlin Wall. This situation ended when East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany along with the reunified city-state of Berlin. With the reunification of West and East Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany, enlarged now to sixteen states, became known simply as "Germany". This period is also referred to as the Bonn Republic ("Bonner Republik") by historians, alluding to the interwar Weimar Republic and the post-reunification Berlin Republic.

text: West

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: English

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: or

text: FRG

text: or

text: RFA

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: its

text: creation

text: on

text: May

text: to

text: German

text: reunification

text: on

text: October

text: During

text: this

text: Cold

text: War

text: era

text: NATO

text: aligned

text: West

text: Germany

text: and

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: aligned

text: East

text: Germany

text: were

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: Inner

text: German

text: border

text: After

text: West

text: Berlin

text: was

text: physically

text: separated

text: from

text: East

text: Berlin

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: from

text: East

text: Germany

text: by

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: This

text: situation

text: ended

text: when

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: dissolved

text: and

text: its

text: five

text: states

text: joined

text: the

text: ten

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: reunified

text: city

text: state

text: of

text: Berlin

text: With

text: the

text: reunification

text: of

text: West

text: and

text: East

text: Germany

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: enlarged

text: now

text: to

text: sixteen

text: states

text: became

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Germany

text: This

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Bonn

text: Republic

text: Bonner

text: Republik

text: by

text: historians

text: alluding

text: to

text: the

text: interwar

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: and

text: the

text: post

text: reunification

text: Berlin

text: Republic

text: The Gaza Strip (' ), or simply Gaza"', is a small self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, that borders Egypt on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border. Gaza, together with the West Bank, comprise the Palestinian territories claimed by the Palestinians as the State of Palestine. The territories of Gaza and the West Bank are separated from each other by Israeli territory. Both fall under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, but Gaza has since June 2007 been governed by Hamas, a Palestinian Islamic organization which came to power in free elections in 2006. It has been placed under an Israeli and U.S.-led international economic and political boycott from that time onwards.

text: The

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: or

text: simply

text: Gaza

text: is

text: small

text: self

text: governing

text: Palestinian

text: territory

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: that

text: borders

text: Egypt

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: for

text: and

text: Israel

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: north

text: along

text: border

text: Gaza

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: comprise

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: claimed

text: by

text: the

text: Palestinians

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Palestine

text: The

text: territories

text: of

text: Gaza

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: are

text: separated

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: by

text: Israeli

text: territory

text: Both

text: fall

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: Authority

text: but

text: Gaza

text: has

text: since

text: June

text: been

text: governed

text: by

text: Hamas

text: Palestinian

text: Islamic

text: organization

text: which

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: free

text: elections

text: in

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: placed

text: under

text: an

text: Israeli

text: and

text: U.S

text: led

text: international

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: boycott

text: from

text: that

text: time

text: onwards

text: Iqrit (or , "Iqrith"), was a Palestinian Christian village, located northeast of Acre. Originally allotted to form part of an Arab state under the 1947 UN Partition Plan, it was seized and forcefully depopulated by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and their territory later became part of the new State of Israel. All of its Christian inhabitants were forced to flee to Lebanon or the Israeli village of Rameh, after they were expelled by Jewish forces in 1948, and, despite the promise that they would be returned in two weeks' time, the villagers were never allowed to return. In 1951, in response to a plea from the Iqrit villagers, the Israeli Supreme Court ruled that the former residents of Iqrit be allowed to return to their homes. However, before that happened, the IDF, despite awareness of the Supreme Court decision, destroyed the previously Christian village on Christmas Day, 1951. Descendants to this day maintain an outpost in the village church, and bury their dead in its cemetery. All attempts to cultivate its lands are uprooted by the Israeli Lands Administration.

text: Iqrit

text: or

text: Iqrith

text: was

text: Palestinian

text: Christian

text: village

text: located

text: northeast

text: of

text: Acre

text: Originally

text: allotted

text: to

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: Arab

text: state

text: under

text: the

text: UN

text: Partition

text: Plan

text: it

text: was

text: seized

text: and

text: forcefully

text: depopulated

text: by

text: the

text: Israel

text: Defense

text: Forces

text: IDF

text: during

text: the

text: Arab

text: Israeli

text: War

text: and

text: their

text: territory

text: later

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: All

text: of

text: its

text: Christian

text: inhabitants

text: were

text: forced

text: to

text: flee

text: to

text: Lebanon

text: or

text: the

text: Israeli

text: village

text: of

text: Rameh

text: after

text: they

text: were

text: expelled

text: by

text: Jewish

text: forces

text: in

text: and

text: despite

text: the

text: promise

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: be

text: returned

text: in

text: two

text: weeks

text: time

text: the

text: villagers

text: were

text: never

text: allowed

text: to

text: return

text: In

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: plea

text: from

text: the

text: Iqrit

text: villagers

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: ruled

text: that

text: the

text: former

text: residents

text: of

text: Iqrit

text: be

text: allowed

text: to

text: return

text: to

text: their

text: homes

text: However

text: before

text: that

text: happened

text: the

text: IDF

text: despite

text: awareness

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: decision

text: destroyed

text: the

text: previously

text: Christian

text: village

text: on

text: Christmas

text: Day

text: Descendants

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: maintain

text: an

text: outpost

text: in

text: the

text: village

text: church

text: and

text: bury

text: their

text: dead

text: in

text: its

text: cemetery

text: All

text: attempts

text: to

text: cultivate

text: its

text: lands

text: are

text: uprooted

text: by

text: the

text: Israeli

text: Lands

text: Administration

text: The Red Army Faction or Red Army Fraction (RAF; German: "Rote Armee Fraktion"), in its early stages commonly known as the Baader-Meinhof Group or Baader-Meinhof Gang, was a West German far-left terrorist group supported by the Stasi. The RAF was founded in 1970 by Andreas Baader, Gudrun Ensslin, Horst Mahler, and Ulrike Meinhof. The West German government considered the Red Army Faction to be a terrorist organization.

text: The

text: Red

text: Army

text: Faction

text: or

text: Red

text: Army

text: Fraction

text: RAF

text: German

text: Rote

text: Armee

text: Fraktion

text: in

text: its

text: early

text: stages

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Baader

text: Meinhof

text: Group

text: or

text: Baader

text: Meinhof

text: Gang

text: was

text: West

text: German

text: far

text: left

text: terrorist

text: group

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: Stasi

text: The

text: RAF

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Andreas

text: Baader

text: Gudrun

text: Ensslin

text: Horst

text: Mahler

text: and

text: Ulrike

text: Meinhof

text: The

text: West

text: German

text: government

text: considered

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: Faction

text: to

text: be

text: terrorist

text: organization

text: Black September ("ayll al-aswad") refers to the conflict that was fought between the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO), under the leadership of Yasser Arafat, and the Jordanian Armed Forces, under the leadership of King Hussein primarily between 16 and 27 September 1970, with certain actions continuing until July 1971.

text: Black

text: September

text: ayll

text: al

text: aswad

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: conflict

text: that

text: was

text: fought

text: between

text: the

text: Palestine

text: Liberation

text: Organisation

text: PLO

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Yasser

text: Arafat

text: and

text: the

text: Jordanian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: King

text: Hussein

text: primarily

text: between

text: and

text: September

text: with

text: certain

text: actions

text: continuing

text: until

text: July

text: The West Bank ("" "HaGadah HaMa'aravit") is a landlocked territory near the Mediterranean coast of Western Asia, forming the bulk of the Palestinian territories. The West Bank shares boundaries (demarcated by the Jordanian-Israeli armistice of 1949) to the west, north, and south with Israel, and to the east, across the Jordan River, with Jordan. The West Bank also contains a significant section of the western Dead Sea shore.

text: The

text: West

text: Bank

text: HaGadah

text: HaMa'aravit

text: is

text: landlocked

text: territory

text: near

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: of

text: Western

text: Asia

text: forming

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: The

text: West

text: Bank

text: shares

text: boundaries

text: demarcated

text: by

text: the

text: Jordanian

text: Israeli

text: armistice

text: of

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: with

text: Israel

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: across

text: the

text: Jordan

text: River

text: with

text: Jordan

text: The

text: West

text: Bank

text: also

text: contains

text: significant

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: shore

text: Berndt Andreas Baader (6 May 1943  18 October 1977) was one of the first leaders of the German left-wing militant organization Red Army Faction, also commonly known as "the Baader-Meinhof Group".

text: Berndt

text: Andreas

text: Baader

text: May

text: October

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: left

text: wing

text: militant

text: organization

text: Red

text: Army

text: Faction

text: also

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Baader

text: Meinhof

text: Group

text: Ulrike Marie Meinhof (7 October 1934  9 May 1976) was a German left-wing militant. She co-founded the Red Army Faction ("Rote Armee Fraktion") in 1970 after having previously worked as a journalist for the monthly left-wing magazine "konkret". She was arrested in 1972, and eventually charged with numerous murders and the formation of a criminal association. Before the trial concluded, Meinhof was found hanged in her prison cell in 1976.

text: Ulrike

text: Marie

text: Meinhof

text: October

text: May

text: was

text: German

text: left

text: wing

text: militant

text: She

text: co

text: founded

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: Faction

text: Rote

text: Armee

text: Fraktion

text: in

text: after

text: having

text: previously

text: worked

text: as

text: journalist

text: for

text: the

text: monthly

text: left

text: wing

text: magazine

text: konkret

text: She

text: was

text: arrested

text: in

text: and

text: eventually

text: charged

text: with

text: numerous

text: murders

text: and

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: criminal

text: association

text: Before

text: the

text: trial

text: concluded

text: Meinhof

text: was

text: found

text: hanged

text: in

text: her

text: prison

text: cell

text: in

text: The 1972 Summer Olympics (German: "Olympische Sommerspiele 1972"), officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from August 26 to September 11, 1972.

text: The

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: German

text: Olympische

text: Sommerspiele

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Games

text: of

text: the

text: XX

text: Olympiad

text: was

text: an

text: international

text: multi

text: sport

text: event

text: held

text: in

text: Munich

text: West

text: Germany

text: from

text: August

text: to

text: September

text: Israel , officially known as the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.

text: Israel

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: It

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Lebanon

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Jordan

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: and

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: respectively

text: and

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: country

text: contains

text: geographically

text: diverse

text: features

text: within

text: its

text: relatively

text: small

text: area

text: Israel

text: 's

text: financial

text: and

text: technology

text: center

text: is

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: while

text: its

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: proclaimed

text: capital

text: is

text: Jerusalem

text: although

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: internationally

text: unrecognized

text: The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal). The Red Sea is a Global 200 ecoregion. The sea is underlain by the Red Sea Rift which is part of the Great Rift Valley.

text: The

text: Red

text: Sea

text: also

text: the

text: Erythraean

text: Sea

text: is

text: seawater

text: inlet

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: lying

text: between

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: through

text: the

text: Bab

text: el

text: Mandeb

text: strait

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: lie

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Suez

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: The

text: Red

text: Sea

text: is

text: Global

text: ecoregion

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: underlain

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Rift

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Rift

text: Valley

question: date_of_birth gad tsobari

answer: 1948