text: The Hellenistic period covers the period of ancient Greek (Hellenic) history and Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year. At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, Africa and Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science. It is often considered a period of transition, sometimes even of decadence or degeneration, compared to the enlightenment of the Greek Classical era. The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, Alexandrian poetry, the Septuagint and the philosophies of Stoicism and Epicureanism. Greek Science was advanced by the works of the mathematician Euclid and the polymath Archimedes. The religious sphere expanded to include new gods such as the Greco-Egyptian Serapis, eastern deities such as Attis and Cybele and the Greek adoption of Buddhism.

text: The

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: covers

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: Hellenic

text: history

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: history

text: between

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: as

text: signified

text: by

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: conquest

text: of

text: Ptolemaic

text: Egypt

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: At

text: this

text: time

text: Greek

text: cultural

text: influence

text: and

text: power

text: was

text: at

text: its

text: peak

text: in

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: experiencing

text: prosperity

text: and

text: progress

text: in

text: the

text: arts

text: exploration

text: literature

text: theatre

text: architecture

text: music

text: mathematics

text: philosophy

text: and

text: science

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: period

text: of

text: transition

text: sometimes

text: even

text: of

text: decadence

text: or

text: degeneration

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: enlightenment

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: Classical

text: era

text: The

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: saw

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: New

text: Comedy

text: Alexandrian

text: poetry

text: the

text: Septuagint

text: and

text: the

text: philosophies

text: of

text: Stoicism

text: and

text: Epicureanism

text: Greek

text: Science

text: was

text: advanced

text: by

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: the

text: mathematician

text: Euclid

text: and

text: the

text: polymath

text: Archimedes

text: The

text: religious

text: sphere

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: new

text: gods

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Greco

text: Egyptian

text: Serapis

text: eastern

text: deities

text: such

text: as

text: Attis

text: and

text: Cybele

text: and

text: the

text: Greek

text: adoption

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War and (by the Romans) the War Against Hannibal, lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean. This was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic and its allied Italic socii, with the crucial participation of Numidian-Berber armies and tribes on both sides. The two states fought three major wars with each other over the course of their existence. They are called the "Punic Wars" because Rome's name for Carthaginians was "Poeni", derived from "Poenici" (earlier form of "Punici"), a reference to the founding of Carthage by Phoenician settlers.

text: The

text: Second

text: Punic

text: War

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Hannibalic

text: War

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: the

text: War

text: Against

text: Hannibal

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: BC

text: and

text: involved

text: combatants

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: and

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: major

text: war

text: between

text: Carthage

text: and

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: and

text: its

text: allied

text: Italic

text: socii

text: with

text: the

text: crucial

text: participation

text: of

text: Numidian

text: Berber

text: armies

text: and

text: tribes

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: The

text: two

text: states

text: fought

text: three

text: major

text: wars

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: their

text: existence

text: They

text: are

text: called

text: the

text: Punic

text: Wars

text: because

text: Rome

text: 's

text: name

text: for

text: Carthaginians

text: was

text: Poeni

text: derived

text: from

text: Poenici

text: earlier

text: form

text: of

text: Punici

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: Carthage

text: by

text: Phoenician

text: settlers

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: The Ptolemaic dynasty ("Ptolemaioi"), sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagidae ("Lagidai", after Lagus, Ptolemy I's father), was a Macedonian royal family, originating from Macedon, which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Their rule lasted for 275 years, from 305 to 30 BC. They were the last dynasty of ancient Egypt.

text: The

text: Ptolemaic

text: dynasty

text: Ptolemaioi

text: sometimes

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Lagids

text: or

text: Lagidae

text: Lagidai

text: after

text: Lagus

text: Ptolemy

text: 's

text: father

text: was

text: Macedonian

text: royal

text: family

text: originating

text: from

text: Macedon

text: which

text: ruled

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: Egypt

text: during

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: Their

text: rule

text: lasted

text: for

text: years

text: from

text: to

text: BC

text: They

text: were

text: the

text: last

text: dynasty

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text:
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Risk factors include mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, alcoholism, or substance misuse. Others are impulsive acts due to stress such as from financial difficulties, troubles with relationships, or from bullying. Those who have previously attempted suicide are at higher risk for future attempts. Suicide prevention efforts include limiting access to method of suicide, such as firearms and poisons, treating mental disorders and substance misuse, proper media reporting of suicide, and improving economic conditions. Although crisis hotlines are common, there is little evidence for their effectiveness.
The most commonly used method of suicide varies between countries, and is partly related to the availability of effective means. Common methods include hanging, pesticide poisoning, and firearms. Suicide resulted in 842,000 deaths globally in 2013 (up from 712,000 deaths in 1990). This makes it the 10th leading cause of death worldwide.
Approximately 0.5% to 1.4% of people die by suicide, about 12 per 100,000 persons per year. Three quarters of suicides globally occur in the developing world. Rates of completed suicides are generally higher in men than in women, ranging from 1.5 times as much in the developing world to 3.5 times in the developed world. Suicide is generally most common among those over the age of 70; however, in certain countries those aged between 15 and 30 are at highest risk. There are an estimated 10 to 20 million non-fatal attempted suicides every year. Non-fatal suicide attempts may lead to injury and long-term disabilities. In the Western world, attempts are more common in young people and females.
Views on suicide have been influenced by broad existential themes such as religion, honor, and the meaning of life. The Abrahamic religions traditionally consider suicide an offense towards God due to the belief in the sanctity of life. During the samurai era in Japan, a form of suicide known as seppuku was respected as a means of making up for failure or as a form of protest. Sati, a practice outlawed by the British Raj, expected the Indian widow to kill herself on her husband's funeral fire, either willingly or under pressure from the family and society. Suicide and attempted suicide, while previously illegal, are no longer in most Western countries. It remains a criminal offense in many countries. In the 20th and 21st centuries, suicide has been used on rare occasions as a form of protest, and kamikaze and suicide bombings have been used as a military or terrorist tactic. The word is from the Latin "suicidium", which means "the killing of oneself".
Definitions.
Suicide, also known as completed suicide, is the "act of taking one's own life". Attempted suicide or non-fatal suicidal behavior is self-injury with the desire to end one's life that does not result in death. Assisted suicide is when one individual helps another bring about their own death indirectly via providing either advice or the means to the end. This is in contrast to euthanasia, where another person takes a more active role in bringing about a person's death. Suicidal ideation is thoughts of ending one's life but not taking any active efforts to do so.

text: Suicide

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: intentionally

text: causing

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: death

text: Risk

text: factors

text: include

text: mental

text: disorders

text: such

text: as

text: depression

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: schizophrenia

text: personality

text: disorders

text: alcoholism

text: or

text: substance

text: misuse

text: Others

text: are

text: impulsive

text: acts

text: due

text: to

text: stress

text: such

text: as

text: from

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: troubles

text: with

text: relationships

text: or

text: from

text: bullying

text: Those

text: who

text: have

text: previously

text: attempted

text: suicide

text: are

text: at

text: higher

text: risk

text: for

text: future

text: attempts

text: Suicide

text: prevention

text: efforts

text: include

text: limiting

text: access

text: to

text: method

text: of

text: suicide

text: such

text: as

text: firearms

text: and

text: poisons

text: treating

text: mental

text: disorders

text: and

text: substance

text: misuse

text: proper

text: media

text: reporting

text: of

text: suicide

text: and

text: improving

text: economic

text: conditions

text: Although

text: crisis

text: hotlines

text: are

text: common

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: evidence

text: for

text: their

text: effectiveness

text: The

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: method

text: of

text: suicide

text: varies

text: between

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: partly

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: effective

text: means

text: Common

text: methods

text: include

text: hanging

text: pesticide

text: poisoning

text: and

text: firearms

text: Suicide

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: globally

text: in

text: up

text: from

text: deaths

text: in

text: This

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: leading

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: worldwide

text: Approximately

text: to

text: of

text: people

text: die

text: by

text: suicide

text: about

text: per

text: persons

text: per

text: year

text: Three

text: quarters

text: of

text: suicides

text: globally

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: Rates

text: of

text: completed

text: suicides

text: are

text: generally

text: higher

text: in

text: men

text: than

text: in

text: women

text: ranging

text: from

text: times

text: as

text: much

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: to

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: Suicide

text: is

text: generally

text: most

text: common

text: among

text: those

text: over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: however

text: in

text: certain

text: countries

text: those

text: aged

text: between

text: and

text: are

text: at

text: highest

text: risk

text: There

text: are

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: non

text: fatal

text: attempted

text: suicides

text: every

text: year

text: Non

text: fatal

text: suicide

text: attempts

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: injury

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: disabilities

text: In

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: attempts

text: are

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: young

text: people

text: and

text: females

text: Views

text: on

text: suicide

text: have

text: been

text: influenced

text: by

text: broad

text: existential

text: themes

text: such

text: as

text: religion

text: honor

text: and

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: life

text: The

text: Abrahamic

text: religions

text: traditionally

text: consider

text: suicide

text: an

text: offense

text: towards

text: God

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: sanctity

text: of

text: life

text: During

text: the

text: samurai

text: era

text: in

text: Japan

text: form

text: of

text: suicide

text: known

text: as

text: seppuku

text: was

text: respected

text: as

text: means

text: of

text: making

text: up

text: for

text: failure

text: or

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: protest

text: Sati

text: practice

text: outlawed

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

text: expected

text: the

text: Indian

text: widow

text: to

text: kill

text: herself

text: on

text: her

text: husband

text: 's

text: funeral

text: fire

text: either

text: willingly

text: or

text: under

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: family

text: and

text: society

text: Suicide

text: and

text: attempted

text: suicide

text: while

text: previously

text: illegal

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: in

text: most

text: Western

text: countries

text: It

text: remains

text: criminal

text: offense

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: suicide

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: on

text: rare

text: occasions

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: protest

text: and

text: kamikaze

text: and

text: suicide

text: bombings

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: military

text: or

text: terrorist

text: tactic

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: suicidium

text: which

text: means

text: the

text: killing

text: of

text: oneself

text: Definitions

text: Suicide

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: completed

text: suicide

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: taking

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: life

text: Attempted

text: suicide

text: or

text: non

text: fatal

text: suicidal

text: behavior

text: is

text: self

text: injury

text: with

text: the

text: desire

text: to

text: end

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: result

text: in

text: death

text: Assisted

text: suicide

text: is

text: when

text: one

text: individual

text: helps

text: another

text: bring

text: about

text: their

text: own

text: death

text: indirectly

text: via

text: providing

text: either

text: advice

text: or

text: the

text: means

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: This

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: euthanasia

text: where

text: another

text: person

text: takes

text: more

text: active

text: role

text: in

text: bringing

text: about

text: person

text: 's

text: death

text: Suicidal

text: ideation

text: is

text: thoughts

text: of

text: ending

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: but

text: not

text: taking

text: any

text: active

text: efforts

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: Jordan ('), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ('), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the east and south, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, Israel, Palestine and the Dead Sea to the west and the Red Sea in its extreme south-west. Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic, political and cultural centre.

text: Jordan

text: officially

text: The

text: Hashemite

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Jordan

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: kingdom

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: East

text: Bank

text: of

text: the

text: Jordan

text: River

text: Jordan

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Israel

text: Palestine

text: and

text: the

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: in

text: its

text: extreme

text: south

text: west

text: Jordan

text: is

text: strategically

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: and

text: Europe

text: The

text: capital

text: Amman

text: is

text: Jordan

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: economic

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: centre

text: Gaius Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC  15 March 44 BC), known as Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

text: Gaius

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: July

text: BC

text: March

text: BC

text: known

text: as

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: Roman

text: politician

text: general

text: and

text: notable

text: author

text: of

text: Latin

text: prose

text: He

text: played

text: critical

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: events

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: demise

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Lagus (Greek ; lived 4th century BC) from Eordaea was the father, or reputed father, of Ptolemy, the founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He married Arsinoe, a concubine of Philip II, king of Macedon, who was said to have been pregnant at the time of their marriage, on which account it is told that the Macedonians generally looked upon Ptolemy as in reality the son of Philip; but it is possible that this is a later myth fabricated to glorify the Ptolemaic dynasty. From an anecdote recorded by Plutarch, it is clear that Lagus was a man of obscure birth; hence, when Theocritus calls Ptolemy a descendant of Heracles, he probably means to represent him as the son of Philip. Lagus is believed by some to have subsequently married Antigone, niece of Antipater, by whom he became the father of Berenice, afterwards the wife of Ptolemy, but this is based on a misreading of a corrupt scholium; her father's name was almost certainly Magas.

text: Lagus

text: Greek

text: lived

text: century

text: BC

text: from

text: Eordaea

text: was

text: the

text: father

text: or

text: reputed

text: father

text: of

text: Ptolemy

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: dynasty

text: He

text: married

text: Arsinoe

text: concubine

text: of

text: Philip

text: II

text: king

text: of

text: Macedon

text: who

text: was

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: pregnant

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: their

text: marriage

text: on

text: which

text: account

text: it

text: is

text: told

text: that

text: the

text: Macedonians

text: generally

text: looked

text: upon

text: Ptolemy

text: as

text: in

text: reality

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Philip

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: that

text: this

text: is

text: later

text: myth

text: fabricated

text: to

text: glorify

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: dynasty

text: From

text: an

text: anecdote

text: recorded

text: by

text: Plutarch

text: it

text: is

text: clear

text: that

text: Lagus

text: was

text: man

text: of

text: obscure

text: birth

text: hence

text: when

text: Theocritus

text: calls

text: Ptolemy

text: descendant

text: of

text: Heracles

text: he

text: probably

text: means

text: to

text: represent

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Philip

text: Lagus

text: is

text: believed

text: by

text: some

text: to

text: have

text: subsequently

text: married

text: Antigone

text: niece

text: of

text: Antipater

text: by

text: whom

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: Berenice

text: afterwards

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: Ptolemy

text: but

text: this

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: misreading

text: of

text: corrupt

text: scholium

text: her

text: father

text: 's

text: name

text: was

text: almost

text: certainly

text: Magas

text: Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (c. 138 BC  78 BC), known commonly as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman. He had the distinction of holding the office of consul twice, as well as reviving the dictatorship. Sulla was awarded a grass crown, the most prestigious Roman military honor, during the Social War. Sulla was a skillful general, achieving numerous successes in wars against different opponents, both foreign and Roman. His life was habitually included in the ancient biographical collections of leading generals and politicians, originating in the biographical compendium of famous Romans published by Marcus Terentius Varro. In Plutarch's "Parallel Lives" Sulla is paired with the Spartan general and strategist Lysander.

text: Lucius

text: Cornelius

text: Sulla

text: Felix

text: BC

text: BC

text: known

text: commonly

text: as

text: Sulla

text: was

text: Roman

text: general

text: and

text: statesman

text: He

text: had

text: the

text: distinction

text: of

text: holding

text: the

text: office

text: of

text: consul

text: twice

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: reviving

text: the

text: dictatorship

text: Sulla

text: was

text: awarded

text: grass

text: crown

text: the

text: most

text: prestigious

text: Roman

text: military

text: honor

text: during

text: the

text: Social

text: War

text: Sulla

text: was

text: skillful

text: general

text: achieving

text: numerous

text: successes

text: in

text: wars

text: against

text: different

text: opponents

text: both

text: foreign

text: and

text: Roman

text: His

text: life

text: was

text: habitually

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: ancient

text: biographical

text: collections

text: of

text: leading

text: generals

text: and

text: politicians

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: biographical

text: compendium

text: of

text: famous

text: Romans

text: published

text: by

text: Marcus

text: Terentius

text: Varro

text: In

text: Plutarch

text: 's

text: Parallel

text: Lives

text: Sulla

text: is

text: paired

text: with

text: the

text: Spartan

text: general

text: and

text: strategist

text: Lysander

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Augustus (23 September 63 BC  19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.

text: Augustus

text: September

text: BC

text: August

text: AD

text: was

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Principate

text: and

text: considered

text: the

text: first

text: Emperor

text: controlling

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: from

text: BC

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: AD

text: The Gaza Strip (' ), or simply Gaza"', is a small self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, that borders Egypt on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border. Gaza, together with the West Bank, comprise the Palestinian territories claimed by the Palestinians as the State of Palestine. The territories of Gaza and the West Bank are separated from each other by Israeli territory. Both fall under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, but Gaza has since June 2007 been governed by Hamas, a Palestinian Islamic organization which came to power in free elections in 2006. It has been placed under an Israeli and U.S.-led international economic and political boycott from that time onwards.

text: The

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: or

text: simply

text: Gaza

text: is

text: small

text: self

text: governing

text: Palestinian

text: territory

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: that

text: borders

text: Egypt

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: for

text: and

text: Israel

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: north

text: along

text: border

text: Gaza

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: comprise

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: claimed

text: by

text: the

text: Palestinians

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Palestine

text: The

text: territories

text: of

text: Gaza

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: are

text: separated

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: by

text: Israeli

text: territory

text: Both

text: fall

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: Authority

text: but

text: Gaza

text: has

text: since

text: June

text: been

text: governed

text: by

text: Hamas

text: Palestinian

text: Islamic

text: organization

text: which

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: free

text: elections

text: in

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: placed

text: under

text: an

text: Israeli

text: and

text: U.S

text: led

text: international

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: boycott

text: from

text: that

text: time

text: onwards

text: Gaius Cassius Longinus (October 3, before 85 BC  October 3, 42 BC) was a Roman senator, a leading instigator of the plot to kill Julius Caesar, and the brother in-law of Marcus Junius Brutus. He commanded troops with Brutus during the Battle of Philippi against the combined forces of Mark Antony and Octavian, Caesar's former supporters, and committed suicide after being defeated by Mark Antony.

text: Gaius

text: Cassius

text: Longinus

text: October

text: before

text: BC

text: October

text: BC

text: was

text: Roman

text: senator

text: leading

text: instigator

text: of

text: the

text: plot

text: to

text: kill

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: and

text: the

text: brother

text: in

text: law

text: of

text: Marcus

text: Junius

text: Brutus

text: He

text: commanded

text: troops

text: with

text: Brutus

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Philippi

text: against

text: the

text: combined

text: forces

text: of

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: and

text: Octavian

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: former

text: supporters

text: and

text: committed

text: suicide

text: after

text: being

text: defeated

text: by

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: A monarch is the sovereign head of state in a monarchy. A monarch may exercise the highest authority and power in the state, or others may wield that power on behalf of the monarch. Typically a monarch either personally inherits the lawful right to exercise the state's sovereign rights (often referred to as "the throne" or "the crown") or is selected by an established process from a family or cohort eligible to provide the nation's monarch. Alternatively, an individual may become monarch by conquest, acclamation or a combination of means. A monarch usually reigns for life or until abdication.

text: monarch

text: is

text: the

text: sovereign

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: in

text: monarchy

text: monarch

text: may

text: exercise

text: the

text: highest

text: authority

text: and

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: or

text: others

text: may

text: wield

text: that

text: power

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: Typically

text: monarch

text: either

text: personally

text: inherits

text: the

text: lawful

text: right

text: to

text: exercise

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: sovereign

text: rights

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: throne

text: or

text: the

text: crown

text: or

text: is

text: selected

text: by

text: an

text: established

text: process

text: from

text: family

text: or

text: cohort

text: eligible

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: monarch

text: Alternatively

text: an

text: individual

text: may

text: become

text: monarch

text: by

text: conquest

text: acclamation

text: or

text: combination

text: of

text: means

text: monarch

text: usually

text: reigns

text: for

text: life

text: or

text: until

text: abdication

text: Vatican City , officially Vatican City State or the State of Vatican City, is a walled enclave within the city of Rome. With an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of 842, it is the smallest State in the world by both area and population, but formally it is not sovereign, sovereignty being held by the Holy See, the only entity of public international law that has diplomatic relations with almost every country in the world.

text: Vatican

text: City

text: officially

text: Vatican

text: City

text: State

text: or

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Vatican

text: City

text: is

text: walled

text: enclave

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: hectares

text: acres

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: State

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: formally

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: sovereign

text: sovereignty

text: being

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: Holy

text: See

text: the

text: only

text: entity

text: of

text: public

text: international

text: law

text: that

text: has

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: with

text: almost

text: every

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (of the Second Triumvirate) and the forces of the tyrannicides Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia. The Second Triumvirate declared this civil war ostensibly to avenge Julius Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, but the underlying cause was a long-brewing class conflict between the "ancien regime" represented in the Senate (Optimates), and the rising class (Populares).

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Philippi

text: was

text: the

text: final

text: battle

text: in

text: the

text: Wars

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Triumvirate

text: between

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: and

text: Octavian

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Triumvirate

text: and

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: tyrannicides

text: Marcus

text: Junius

text: Brutus

text: and

text: Gaius

text: Cassius

text: Longinus

text: in

text: BC

text: at

text: Philippi

text: in

text: Macedonia

text: The

text: Second

text: Triumvirate

text: declared

text: this

text: civil

text: war

text: ostensibly

text: to

text: avenge

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: assassination

text: in

text: BC

text: but

text: the

text: underlying

text: cause

text: was

text: long

text: brewing

text: class

text: conflict

text: between

text: the

text: ancien

text: regime

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: Senate

text: Optimates

text: and

text: the

text: rising

text: class

text: Populares

text: Egypt (; ', , "Kimi"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation.

text: Egypt

text: Kimi

text: officially

text: the

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Egypt

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: spanning

text: the

text: northeast

text: corner

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Asia

text: by

text: land

text: bridge

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: Egypt

text: is

text: Mediterranean

text: country

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: lies

text: Jordan

text: and

text: across

text: from

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: lies

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: although

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: only

text: contiguous

text: Afrasian

text: nation

text: Marcus Antonius (Latin: ; January 14, August 1, 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark or Marc Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from an oligarchy into the autocratic Roman Empire.

text: Marcus

text: Antonius

text: Latin

text: January

text: August

text: BC

text: commonly

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Mark

text: or

text: Marc

text: Antony

text: was

text: Roman

text: politician

text: and

text: general

text: who

text: played

text: critical

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: transformation

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: from

text: an

text: oligarchy

text: into

text: the

text: autocratic

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Imperium is a Latin word which, in a broad sense, translates roughly as 'power to command'. In ancient Rome, different kinds of power or authority were distinguished by different terms. "Imperium" referred to the ability of an individual to command the military. It is not to be confused with "auctoritas" or "potestas", different and generally inferior types of power in the Roman Republic and Empire. Primarily used to refer to the power that is wielded, in greater or lesser degree, by an individual to whom it is delegated, the term could also be used with a geographical connotation, designating the territorial limits of that "imperium". Individuals given such power were referred to as curule magistrates or promagistrates. These included the curule aedile, the praetor, the censor, the consul, the magister equitum, and the dictator.

text: Imperium

text: is

text: Latin

text: word

text: which

text: in

text: broad

text: sense

text: translates

text: roughly

text: as

text: power

text: to

text: command

text: In

text: ancient

text: Rome

text: different

text: kinds

text: of

text: power

text: or

text: authority

text: were

text: distinguished

text: by

text: different

text: terms

text: Imperium

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: to

text: command

text: the

text: military

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: auctoritas

text: or

text: potestas

text: different

text: and

text: generally

text: inferior

text: types

text: of

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: and

text: Empire

text: Primarily

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: power

text: that

text: is

text: wielded

text: in

text: greater

text: or

text: lesser

text: degree

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: to

text: whom

text: it

text: is

text: delegated

text: the

text: term

text: could

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: with

text: geographical

text: connotation

text: designating

text: the

text: territorial

text: limits

text: of

text: that

text: imperium

text: Individuals

text: given

text: such

text: power

text: were

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: curule

text: magistrates

text: or

text: promagistrates

text: These

text: included

text: the

text: curule

text: aedile

text: the

text: praetor

text: the

text: censor

text: the

text: consul

text: the

text: magister

text: equitum

text: and

text: the

text: dictator

text: Rome is a city and special "comune" (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated "comune" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states.

text: Rome

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: special

text: comune

text: named

text: Roma

text: Capitale

text: in

text: Italy

text: Rome

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Italy

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Lazio

text: region

text: With

text: residents

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: comune

text: and

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Rome

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: residents

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: Peninsula

text: within

text: Lazio

text: Latium

text: along

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Tiber

text: river

text: The

text: Vatican

text: City

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: country

text: geographically

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Rome

text: the

text: only

text: existing

text: example

text: of

text: country

text: within

text: city

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: Rome

text: has

text: been

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: capital

text: of

text: two

text: states

text: Latium is the region of central western Italy in which the city of Rome was founded and grew to be the capital city of the Roman Empire. Latium was originally a small triangle of fertile, volcanic soil on which resided the tribe of the Latins or Latians. It was located on the left bank (east and south) of the Tiber river, extending northward to the Anio river (a left-bank tributary of the Tiber) and southeastward to the Pomptina Palus (Pontine Marshes, now the Pontine Fields) as far south as the Circeian promontory. The right bank of the Tiber was occupied by the Etruscan city of Veii, and the other borders were occupied by Italic tribes. Subsequently, Rome defeated Veii and then its Italic neighbors, expanding Latium to the Apennine Mountains in the northeast and to the opposite end of the marsh in the southeast. The modern descendant, the Italian "Regione" of Lazio, also called "Latium" in Latin, and occasionally in modern English, is somewhat larger still, but not as much as double the original Latium.

text: Latium

text: is

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: central

text: western

text: Italy

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: founded

text: and

text: grew

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Latium

text: was

text: originally

text: small

text: triangle

text: of

text: fertile

text: volcanic

text: soil

text: on

text: which

text: resided

text: the

text: tribe

text: of

text: the

text: Latins

text: or

text: Latians

text: It

text: was

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: bank

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Tiber

text: river

text: extending

text: northward

text: to

text: the

text: Anio

text: river

text: left

text: bank

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Tiber

text: and

text: southeastward

text: to

text: the

text: Pomptina

text: Palus

text: Pontine

text: Marshes

text: now

text: the

text: Pontine

text: Fields

text: as

text: far

text: south

text: as

text: the

text: Circeian

text: promontory

text: The

text: right

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Tiber

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: city

text: of

text: Veii

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: borders

text: were

text: occupied

text: by

text: Italic

text: tribes

text: Subsequently

text: Rome

text: defeated

text: Veii

text: and

text: then

text: its

text: Italic

text: neighbors

text: expanding

text: Latium

text: to

text: the

text: Apennine

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: opposite

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: marsh

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: The

text: modern

text: descendant

text: the

text: Italian

text: Regione

text: of

text: Lazio

text: also

text: called

text: Latium

text: in

text: Latin

text: and

text: occasionally

text: in

text: modern

text: English

text: is

text: somewhat

text: larger

text: still

text: but

text: not

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: double

text: the

text: original

text: Latium

text: Ptolemy XIV ( Greek :  , Ptolemaos , who lived 60 BC / 59 BC -- 44 BC and reigned 47 BC -- 44 BC ) , was a son of Ptolemy XII of Egypt and one of the last members of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt . Following the death of his older brother Ptolemy XIII of Egypt on January 13 , 47 BC , he was proclaimed Pharaoh and co-ruler by their older sister and remaining Pharaoh , Cleopatra VII of Egypt . He and Cleopatra were married , but Cleopatra continued to act as lover of Roman dictator Julius Caesar . Ptolemy is considered to have reigned in name only , with Cleopatra keeping actual authority to herself . On March 15 , 44 BC Caesar was murdered in Rome by a group of conspirators whose most notable members were Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus . Ptolemy soon followed him in death . An inscription mentioning him as alive was dated at July 26 , 44 BC. It has been assumed but remains uncertain that Cleopatra poisoned her co-ruler , with aconite , to replace him with his nephew Ptolemy XV Caesarion , her son by Caesar who was proclaimed co-ruler on September 2 , 44 BC and whom his mother intended to support as successor of his father .

text: Ptolemy

text: XIV

text: Greek

text: Ptolemaos

text: who

text: lived

text: BC

text: BC

text: BC

text: and

text: reigned

text: BC

text: BC

text: was

text: son

text: of

text: Ptolemy

text: XII

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: his

text: older

text: brother

text: Ptolemy

text: XIII

text: of

text: Egypt

text: on

text: January

text: BC

text: he

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: Pharaoh

text: and

text: co

text: ruler

text: by

text: their

text: older

text: sister

text: and

text: remaining

text: Pharaoh

text: Cleopatra

text: VII

text: of

text: Egypt

text: He

text: and

text: Cleopatra

text: were

text: married

text: but

text: Cleopatra

text: continued

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: lover

text: of

text: Roman

text: dictator

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Ptolemy

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: reigned

text: in

text: name

text: only

text: with

text: Cleopatra

text: keeping

text: actual

text: authority

text: to

text: herself

text: On

text: March

text: BC

text: Caesar

text: was

text: murdered

text: in

text: Rome

text: by

text: group

text: of

text: conspirators

text: whose

text: most

text: notable

text: members

text: were

text: Marcus

text: Junius

text: Brutus

text: and

text: Gaius

text: Cassius

text: Longinus

text: Ptolemy

text: soon

text: followed

text: him

text: in

text: death

text: An

text: inscription

text: mentioning

text: him

text: as

text: alive

text: was

text: dated

text: at

text: July

text: BC

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: assumed

text: but

text: remains

text: uncertain

text: that

text: Cleopatra

text: poisoned

text: her

text: co

text: ruler

text: with

text: aconite

text: to

text: replace

text: him

text: with

text: his

text: nephew

text: Ptolemy

text: XV

text: Caesarion

text: her

text: son

text: by

text: Caesar

text: who

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: co

text: ruler

text: on

text: September

text: BC

text: and

text: whom

text: his

text: mother

text: intended

text: to

text: support

text: as

text: successor

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: A dictator was a magistrate of the Roman Republic, entrusted with the full authority of the state to deal with a military emergency or to undertake a specific duty. All other magistrates were subordinate to his "imperium", and the right of the plebeian tribunes to veto his actions or of the people to appeal from them was extremely limited. However, in order to prevent the dictatorship from threatening the state itself, severe limitations were placed upon its powers: a dictator could only act within his intended sphere of authority; and he was obliged to resign his office once his appointed task had been accomplished, or at the expiration of six months. Dictators were regularly appointed from the earliest period of the Republic down to the Second Punic War, but the magistracy then went into abeyance for over a century, until it was revived in a significantly modified form, first by Sulla, and then by Caesar. The office was formally abolished after the death of Caesar, and not revived under the Empire.

text: dictator

text: was

text: magistrate

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: entrusted

text: with

text: the

text: full

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: deal

text: with

text: military

text: emergency

text: or

text: to

text: undertake

text: specific

text: duty

text: All

text: other

text: magistrates

text: were

text: subordinate

text: to

text: his

text: imperium

text: and

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: the

text: plebeian

text: tribunes

text: to

text: veto

text: his

text: actions

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: to

text: appeal

text: from

text: them

text: was

text: extremely

text: limited

text: However

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: dictatorship

text: from

text: threatening

text: the

text: state

text: itself

text: severe

text: limitations

text: were

text: placed

text: upon

text: its

text: powers

text: dictator

text: could

text: only

text: act

text: within

text: his

text: intended

text: sphere

text: of

text: authority

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: obliged

text: to

text: resign

text: his

text: office

text: once

text: his

text: appointed

text: task

text: had

text: been

text: accomplished

text: or

text: at

text: the

text: expiration

text: of

text: six

text: months

text: Dictators

text: were

text: regularly

text: appointed

text: from

text: the

text: earliest

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: Second

text: Punic

text: War

text: but

text: the

text: magistracy

text: then

text: went

text: into

text: abeyance

text: for

text: over

text: century

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: revived

text: in

text: significantly

text: modified

text: form

text: first

text: by

text: Sulla

text: and

text: then

text: by

text: Caesar

text: The

text: office

text: was

text: formally

text: abolished

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Caesar

text: and

text: not

text: revived

text: under

text: the

text: Empire

text: A dictator is a ruler who wields absolute power. A state ruled by a dictator is called a dictatorship. The word originated as the title of a magistrate in the Roman Republic appointed by the Senate to rule the republic in times of emergency (see Roman dictator and "justitium").

text: dictator

text: is

text: ruler

text: who

text: wields

text: absolute

text: power

text: state

text: ruled

text: by

text: dictator

text: is

text: called

text: dictatorship

text: The

text: word

text: originated

text: as

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: magistrate

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: Senate

text: to

text: rule

text: the

text: republic

text: in

text: times

text: of

text: emergency

text: see

text: Roman

text: dictator

text: and

text: justitium

text: Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth-largest state in Asia and second-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert or barren landforms.

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: KSA

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: constituting

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: With

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: after

text: Algeria

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Qatar

text: Bahrain

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Oman

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: Yemen

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Israel

text: and

text: Egypt

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: nation

text: with

text: both

text: Red

text: Sea

text: coast

text: and

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: coast

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: terrain

text: consists

text: of

text: arid

text: desert

text: or

text: barren

text: landforms

text: Pharaoh is the common title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150) until the Macedonian conquest in 305 BC, although the actual term "Pharaoh" was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until circa 1200 BCE.

text: Pharaoh

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: monarchs

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: from

text: the

text: First

text: Dynasty

text: until

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: conquest

text: in

text: BC

text: although

text: the

text: actual

text: term

text: Pharaoh

text: was

text: not

text: used

text: contemporaneously

text: for

text: ruler

text: until

text: circa

text: BCE

text: Israel , officially known as the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.

text: Israel

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: It

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Lebanon

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Jordan

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: and

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: respectively

text: and

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: country

text: contains

text: geographically

text: diverse

text: features

text: within

text: its

text: relatively

text: small

text: area

text: Israel

text: 's

text: financial

text: and

text: technology

text: center

text: is

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: while

text: its

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: proclaimed

text: capital

text: is

text: Jerusalem

text: although

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: internationally

text: unrecognized

text: Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar ("Ptolemaios IE Philopatr Philomtr Kaisar" June 23, 47 BC  August 23, 30 BC), better known by the nicknames Caesarion (English: Little Caesar) and Ptolemy Caesar ("Ptolemaios Kaisar"), was the last Pharaoh of Egypt. He was the final member of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, who reigned jointly with his mother Cleopatra VII of Egypt, from September 2, 44 BC. He held the position of sole ruler between the death of Cleopatra, on August 12, 30 BC, up to August 23, 30 BC, the time his death was ordered by Octavian, who would become the Roman emperor Augustus. It is unknown whether Octavian's order was carried out successfully. He was the eldest son of Cleopatra VII, and possibly the only biological son of Julius Caesar, after whom he was named.

text: Ptolemy

text: XV

text: Philopator

text: Philometor

text: Caesar

text: Ptolemaios

text: IE

text: Philopatr

text: Philomtr

text: Kaisar

text: June

text: BC

text: August

text: BC

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: nicknames

text: Caesarion

text: English

text: Little

text: Caesar

text: and

text: Ptolemy

text: Caesar

text: Ptolemaios

text: Kaisar

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: Pharaoh

text: of

text: Egypt

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: final

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: who

text: reigned

text: jointly

text: with

text: his

text: mother

text: Cleopatra

text: VII

text: of

text: Egypt

text: from

text: September

text: BC

text: He

text: held

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: sole

text: ruler

text: between

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Cleopatra

text: on

text: August

text: BC

text: up

text: to

text: August

text: BC

text: the

text: time

text: his

text: death

text: was

text: ordered

text: by

text: Octavian

text: who

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: Augustus

text: It

text: is

text: unknown

text: whether

text: Octavian

text: 's

text: order

text: was

text: carried

text: out

text: successfully

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: eldest

text: son

text: of

text: Cleopatra

text: VII

text: and

text: possibly

text: the

text: only

text: biological

text: son

text: of

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: after

text: whom

text: he

text: was

text: named

text: Sudan ("as-Sdn", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan ("Jumhriyyat as-Sdn"), is a country in Northern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. Before the Sudanese Civil War, South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011. Its predominant religion is Islam.

text: Sudan

text: as

text: Sdn

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: North

text: Sudan

text: and

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Sudan

text: Jumhriyyat

text: as

text: Sdn

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Eritrea

text: and

text: Ethiopia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: South

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Chad

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: The

text: River

text: Nile

text: divides

text: the

text: country

text: into

text: eastern

text: and

text: western

text: halves

text: Before

text: the

text: Sudanese

text: Civil

text: War

text: South

text: Sudan

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Sudan

text: but

text: broke

text: away

text: in

text: Its

text: predominant

text: religion

text: is

text: Islam

annotations: follows multiple

question: occupation ptolemy xiv of egypt

answer: sovereign

text: sovereign

text: sovereign

text: sovereign

text: sovereign

text: sovereign


text: Ancient Greek includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period (9th to 6th centuries BC), Classical period (5th and 4th centuries BC), and Hellenistic period (3rd century BC to the 6th century AD). It is antedated in the second millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek.

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: includes

text: the

text: forms

text: of

text: Greek

text: used

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: ancient

text: world

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: roughly

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: Archaic

text: period

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Classical

text: period

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: and

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: century

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: It

text: is

text: antedated

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: millennium

text: BC

text: by

text: Mycenaean

text: Greek

text: A chorus ("khoros"), in the context of Ancient Greek tragedy, comedy, and satyr plays, is a homogeneous, non-individualised group of performers, who comment with a collective voice on the dramatic action. The chorus consisted of between 12 and 50 players, who variously danced, sang or spoke their lines in unison and sometimes wore masks.

text: chorus

text: khoros

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: tragedy

text: comedy

text: and

text: satyr

text: plays

text: is

text: homogeneous

text: non

text: individualised

text: group

text: of

text: performers

text: who

text: comment

text: with

text: collective

text: voice

text: on

text: the

text: dramatic

text: action

text: The

text: chorus

text: consisted

text: of

text: between

text: and

text: players

text: who

text: variously

text: danced

text: sang

text: or

text: spoke

text: their

text: lines

text: in

text: unison

text: and

text: sometimes

text: wore

text: masks

text: Sesame Street is a long-running American children's television series, produced by Sesame Workshop (formerly known as the Children's Television Workshop) and created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Lloyd Morrisett. The program is known for its educational content, and images communicated through the use of Jim Henson's Muppets, animation, short films, humor, and cultural references. The series premiered on November 10, 1969, to positive reviews, some controversy, and high viewership; it has aired on the U.S.'s national public television provider (PBS) since its debut, with its first run moving to premium channel HBO on January 16, 2016.

text: Sesame

text: Street

text: is

text: long

text: running

text: American

text: children

text: 's

text: television

text: series

text: produced

text: by

text: Sesame

text: Workshop

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Children

text: 's

text: Television

text: Workshop

text: and

text: created

text: by

text: Joan

text: Ganz

text: Cooney

text: and

text: Lloyd

text: Morrisett

text: The

text: program

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: educational

text: content

text: and

text: images

text: communicated

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Jim

text: Henson

text: 's

text: Muppets

text: animation

text: short

text: films

text: humor

text: and

text: cultural

text: references

text: The

text: series

text: premiered

text: on

text: November

text: to

text: positive

text: reviews

text: some

text: controversy

text: and

text: high

text: viewership

text: it

text: has

text: aired

text: on

text: the

text: U.S.

text: 's

text: national

text: public

text: television

text: provider

text: PBS

text: since

text: its

text: debut

text: with

text: its

text: first

text: run

text: moving

text: to

text: premium

text: channel

text: HBO

text: on

text: January

text: The Muppet Show is a family-oriented comedy-variety television series that was produced by puppeteer Jim Henson and features The Muppets. After two pilot episodes produced in 1974 and 1975 failed to get the attention of network executives in the United States, Lew Grade approached Henson to produce the programme in the United Kingdom for ATV, the (then) ITV franchise in the English Midlands. The show lasted for five series consisting of 120 episodes which were first broadcast in Britain between 5 September 1976 and 15 March 1981 on ATV and syndicated the remaining ITV franchises around the United Kingdom. The programmes were recorded at ATV's Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, England.

text: The

text: Muppet

text: Show

text: is

text: family

text: oriented

text: comedy

text: variety

text: television

text: series

text: that

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: puppeteer

text: Jim

text: Henson

text: and

text: features

text: The

text: Muppets

text: After

text: two

text: pilot

text: episodes

text: produced

text: in

text: and

text: failed

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: attention

text: of

text: network

text: executives

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Lew

text: Grade

text: approached

text: Henson

text: to

text: produce

text: the

text: programme

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: for

text: ATV

text: the

text: then

text: ITV

text: franchise

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Midlands

text: The

text: show

text: lasted

text: for

text: five

text: series

text: consisting

text: of

text: episodes

text: which

text: were

text: first

text: broadcast

text: in

text: Britain

text: between

text: September

text: and

text: March

text: on

text: ATV

text: and

text: syndicated

text: the

text: remaining

text: ITV

text: franchises

text: around

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: programmes

text: were

text: recorded

text: at

text: ATV

text: 's

text: Elstree

text: Studios

text: in

text: Borehamwood

text: England

text: James Maury "Jim" Henson (September 24, 1936  May 16, 1990) was an American puppeteer, artist, cartoonist, inventor, screenwriter, film director and producer who achieved international fame as the creator of the Muppets. Born in Greenville, Mississippi, and raised in Leland, Mississippi, and Hyattsville, Maryland, Henson began developing puppets while attending high school. While he was a freshman at the University of Maryland, College Park, he created "Sam and Friends", a five-minute sketch-comedy puppet show that appeared on television. After graduating from the University of Maryland with a degree in home economics, he produced coffee advertisements and developed some experimental films. Feeling the need for more creative output, Henson founded Muppets Inc. in 1958 (which would later become the Jim Henson Company).

text: James

text: Maury

text: Jim

text: Henson

text: September

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: puppeteer

text: artist

text: cartoonist

text: inventor

text: screenwriter

text: film

text: director

text: and

text: producer

text: who

text: achieved

text: international

text: fame

text: as

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: Muppets

text: Born

text: in

text: Greenville

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Leland

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: Hyattsville

text: Maryland

text: Henson

text: began

text: developing

text: puppets

text: while

text: attending

text: high

text: school

text: While

text: he

text: was

text: freshman

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Maryland

text: College

text: Park

text: he

text: created

text: Sam

text: and

text: Friends

text: five

text: minute

text: sketch

text: comedy

text: puppet

text: show

text: that

text: appeared

text: on

text: television

text: After

text: graduating

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Maryland

text: with

text: degree

text: in

text: home

text: economics

text: he

text: produced

text: coffee

text: advertisements

text: and

text: developed

text: some

text: experimental

text: films

text: Feeling

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: more

text: creative

text: output

text: Henson

text: founded

text: Muppets

text: Inc.

text: in

text: which

text: would

text: later

text: become

text: the

text: Jim

text: Henson

text: Company

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Joan Ganz Cooney (born Joan Ganz; November 30, 1929) is an American television producer. She is one of the founders of the Sesame Workshop (originally "Children's Television Workshop" or CTW), the organization famous for the creation of the children's television show "Sesame Street", which was also co-created by her. Cooney grew up in Phoenix, Arizona and earned a B.A. degree in education from the University of Arizona in 1951. After working for the State Department in Washington, D.C. and as a journalist in Phoenix, she worked as a publicist for television and production companies in New York City. In 1961, she became interested in working for educational television, and became a documentary producer for New York's first educational TV station WNET (Channel 13). Many of the programs she produced won local Emmys.

text: Joan

text: Ganz

text: Cooney

text: born

text: Joan

text: Ganz

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: producer

text: She

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: the

text: Sesame

text: Workshop

text: originally

text: Children

text: 's

text: Television

text: Workshop

text: or

text: CTW

text: the

text: organization

text: famous

text: for

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: children

text: 's

text: television

text: show

text: Sesame

text: Street

text: which

text: was

text: also

text: co

text: created

text: by

text: her

text: Cooney

text: grew

text: up

text: in

text: Phoenix

text: Arizona

text: and

text: earned

text: B.A.

text: degree

text: in

text: education

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Arizona

text: in

text: After

text: working

text: for

text: the

text: State

text: Department

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: and

text: as

text: journalist

text: in

text: Phoenix

text: she

text: worked

text: as

text: publicist

text: for

text: television

text: and

text: production

text: companies

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: In

text: she

text: became

text: interested

text: in

text: working

text: for

text: educational

text: television

text: and

text: became

text: documentary

text: producer

text: for

text: New

text: York

text: 's

text: first

text: educational

text: TV

text: station

text: WNET

text: Channel

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: programs

text: she

text: produced

text: won

text: local

text: Emmys

text: Borehamwood (originally spelt Boreham Wood), is a town in southern Hertfordshire. It is an outlying suburb of London, situated from Charing Cross. Borehamwood has a population of 31,065, and is within the civil parish of Elstree and Borehamwood and the London commuter belt. There is one weekly newspaper, the "Borehamwood and Elstree Times". The town is perhaps most well known for its film and TV studios, commonly known as Elstree Studios, hence the association with Elstree.

text: Borehamwood

text: originally

text: spelt

text: Boreham

text: Wood

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: southern

text: Hertfordshire

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: outlying

text: suburb

text: of

text: London

text: situated

text: from

text: Charing

text: Cross

text: Borehamwood

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: within

text: the

text: civil

text: parish

text: of

text: Elstree

text: and

text: Borehamwood

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: commuter

text: belt

text: There

text: is

text: one

text: weekly

text: newspaper

text: the

text: Borehamwood

text: and

text: Elstree

text: Times

text: The

text: town

text: is

text: perhaps

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: film

text: and

text: TV

text: studios

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Elstree

text: Studios

text: hence

text: the

text: association

text: with

text: Elstree

text: CityKids is a television series that aired late Saturday Mornings on ABC from 1993 to 1994 . The show consists primarily of live action performances , interspersed with Muppet segments , courtesy of Jim Henson Productions . These Muppets are composed of original characters designed specifically for the show , not ones taken from Sesame Street or The Muppet Show . These original characters often serve as the Greek chorus for the show , commenting on the situations of the human characters , but not actually interacting with them . Unlike most shows airing on ABC Saturday Mornings and produced by the Jim Henson Company at the time , CityKids was primarily targeted to a teenage audience , not to mention an urban one . However , the show failed to generate desirable ratings from any demographic , especially the teenage one , and the show was cancelled by ABC after one season . The show 's main theme song was composed by Malik Yoba & Raliegh J Neal II , both also composed other songs for the series and served as Musical Creative Supervisor for the show .

text: CityKids

text: is

text: television

text: series

text: that

text: aired

text: late

text: Saturday

text: Mornings

text: on

text: ABC

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: show

text: consists

text: primarily

text: of

text: live

text: action

text: performances

text: interspersed

text: with

text: Muppet

text: segments

text: courtesy

text: of

text: Jim

text: Henson

text: Productions

text: These

text: Muppets

text: are

text: composed

text: of

text: original

text: characters

text: designed

text: specifically

text: for

text: the

text: show

text: not

text: ones

text: taken

text: from

text: Sesame

text: Street

text: or

text: The

text: Muppet

text: Show

text: These

text: original

text: characters

text: often

text: serve

text: as

text: the

text: Greek

text: chorus

text: for

text: the

text: show

text: commenting

text: on

text: the

text: situations

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: characters

text: but

text: not

text: actually

text: interacting

text: with

text: them

text: Unlike

text: most

text: shows

text: airing

text: on

text: ABC

text: Saturday

text: Mornings

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: Jim

text: Henson

text: Company

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: CityKids

text: was

text: primarily

text: targeted

text: to

text: teenage

text: audience

text: not

text: to

text: mention

text: an

text: urban

text: one

text: However

text: the

text: show

text: failed

text: to

text: generate

text: desirable

text: ratings

text: from

text: any

text: demographic

text: especially

text: the

text: teenage

text: one

text: and

text: the

text: show

text: was

text: cancelled

text: by

text: ABC

text: after

text: one

text: season

text: The

text: show

text: 's

text: main

text: theme

text: song

text: was

text: composed

text: by

text: Malik

text: Yoba

text: Raliegh

text: Neal

text: II

text: both

text: also

text: composed

text: other

text: songs

text: for

text: the

text: series

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: Musical

text: Creative

text: Supervisor

text: for

text: the

text: show

annotations: follows single

question: narrative_location citykids

answer: new york city

text: new york city