text: A saint, also historically known as a hallow, is a term used for a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness or likeness to God. Depending on the context and denomination, the term also retains its original Christian meaning, as any believer who is "in Christ" and in whom Christ dwells, whether in Heaven or on Earth. In Anglican, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, and Oriental Orthodox doctrine, all of their faithful deceased in Heaven are considered to be saints, but some are considered worthy of greater honor or emulation; official ecclesiastical recognition, and consequently veneration, is given to some saints through the process of canonization in the Catholic Church or glorification in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

text: saint

text: also

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: hallow

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: having

text: an

text: exceptional

text: degree

text: of

text: holiness

text: or

text: likeness

text: to

text: God

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: context

text: and

text: denomination

text: the

text: term

text: also

text: retains

text: its

text: original

text: Christian

text: meaning

text: as

text: any

text: believer

text: who

text: is

text: in

text: Christ

text: and

text: in

text: whom

text: Christ

text: dwells

text: whether

text: in

text: Heaven

text: or

text: on

text: Earth

text: In

text: Anglican

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Lutheran

text: and

text: Oriental

text: Orthodox

text: doctrine

text: all

text: of

text: their

text: faithful

text: deceased

text: in

text: Heaven

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: saints

text: but

text: some

text: are

text: considered

text: worthy

text: of

text: greater

text: honor

text: or

text: emulation

text: official

text: ecclesiastical

text: recognition

text: and

text: consequently

text: veneration

text: is

text: given

text: to

text: some

text: saints

text: through

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: canonization

text: in

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: or

text: glorification

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: Magonsæte was a minor sub-kingdom of the greater Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, thought to be coterminous with the Diocese of Hereford.

text: Magonsæte

text: was

text: minor

text: sub

text: kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: greater

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Mercia

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: coterminous

text: with

text: the

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Hereford

text: Saint Eanswith (born c. 614, Kent, England. Died c. 640, Folkestone, England), also spelled Eanswythe or Eanswide, was an Anglo Saxon princess.

text: Saint

text: Eanswith

text: born

text: Kent

text: England

text: Died

text: Folkestone

text: England

text: also

text: spelled

text: Eanswythe

text: or

text: Eanswide

text: was

text: an

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: princess

text: Anglo-Saxon paganism, sometimes termed Anglo-Saxon heathenism, Anglo-Saxon pre-Christian religion, or Anglo-Saxon traditional religion, refers to the religious beliefs and practices followed by the Anglo-Saxons between the 5th and 8th centuries AD, during the initial period of Early Medieval England. A variant of the Germanic paganism found across much of north-western Europe, it encompassed a heterogeneous variety of disparate beliefs and cultic practices, with much regional variation.

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: paganism

text: sometimes

text: termed

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: heathenism

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: pre

text: Christian

text: religion

text: or

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: traditional

text: religion

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: religious

text: beliefs

text: and

text: practices

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: AD

text: during

text: the

text: initial

text: period

text: of

text: Early

text: Medieval

text: England

text: variant

text: of

text: the

text: Germanic

text: paganism

text: found

text: across

text: much

text: of

text: north

text: western

text: Europe

text: it

text: encompassed

text: heterogeneous

text: variety

text: of

text: disparate

text: beliefs

text: and

text: cultic

text: practices

text: with

text: much

text: regional

text: variation

text: East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent to the north and east, Surrey to the north west and West Sussex to the west, and to the south by the English Channel.

text: East

text: Sussex

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Kent

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Surrey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: and

text: West

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: Merewalh (sometimes given as Merwal or Merewald was a sub-king of the Magonsæte, a western cadet kingdom of Mercia thought to have been located in Herefordshire and Shropshire. Merewalh is thought to have lived in the mid to late 7th century, having acceded the throne during the time of Penda of Mercia, who, the "Anglo-Saxon Chronicle" implies, was his father :

text: Merewalh

text: sometimes

text: given

text: as

text: Merwal

text: or

text: Merewald

text: was

text: sub

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Magonsæte

text: western

text: cadet

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Mercia

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: located

text: in

text: Herefordshire

text: and

text: Shropshire

text: Merewalh

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: century

text: having

text: acceded

text: the

text: throne

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Penda

text: of

text: Mercia

text: who

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: Chronicle

text: implies

text: was

text: his

text: father

text: The home counties are the counties of England that surround London (although several of them do not border it). The counties generally included in the list are Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Essex, Hertfordshire, Kent, Surrey, and Sussex. Other counties more distant from Londonsuch as Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Hampshire and Oxfordshireare also sometimes regarded as home counties due to their proximity to London and their connection to the London regional economy.

text: The

text: home

text: counties

text: are

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: England

text: that

text: surround

text: London

text: although

text: several

text: of

text: them

text: do

text: not

text: border

text: it

text: The

text: counties

text: generally

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: list

text: are

text: Berkshire

text: Buckinghamshire

text: Essex

text: Hertfordshire

text: Kent

text: Surrey

text: and

text: Sussex

text: Other

text: counties

text: more

text: distant

text: from

text: Londonsuch

text: as

text: Bedfordshire

text: Cambridgeshire

text: Hampshire

text: and

text: Oxfordshireare

text: also

text: sometimes

text: regarded

text: as

text: home

text: counties

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: proximity

text: to

text: London

text: and

text: their

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: London

text: regional

text: economy

text: Ramsgate is a seaside town in the district of Thanet in east Kent, England. It was one of the great English seaside towns of the 19th century. In 2001 it had a population of around 40,000. Ramsgates main attraction is its coastline, and its main industries are tourism and fishing. The town has one of the largest marinas on the English south coast, and the Port of Ramsgate has provided cross-channel ferries for many years.

text: Ramsgate

text: is

text: seaside

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Thanet

text: in

text: east

text: Kent

text: England

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: English

text: seaside

text: towns

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: it

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: Ramsgates

text: main

text: attraction

text: is

text: its

text: coastline

text: and

text: its

text: main

text: industries

text: are

text: tourism

text: and

text: fishing

text: The

text: town

text: has

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: marinas

text: on

text: the

text: English

text: south

text: coast

text: and

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Ramsgate

text: has

text: provided

text: cross

text: channel

text: ferries

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: South East England is the most populous of the nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes. It consists of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, East Sussex, Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Kent, Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex. As with the other regions of England, apart from Greater London, the south east has no elected government.

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: official

text: regions

text: of

text: England

text: at

text: the

text: first

text: level

text: of

text: NUTS

text: for

text: statistical

text: purposes

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: Berkshire

text: Buckinghamshire

text: East

text: Sussex

text: Hampshire

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Kent

text: Oxfordshire

text: Surrey

text: and

text: West

text: Sussex

text: As

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: regions

text: of

text: England

text: apart

text: from

text: Greater

text: London

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: has

text: no

text: elected

text: government

text: Thanet is a local government district of Kent, England, which was formed under the Local Government Act 1972, and came into being on 1 April 1974. The Isle of Thanet makes up the major part of the District.

text: Thanet

text: is

text: local

text: government

text: district

text: of

text: Kent

text: England

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: under

text: the

text: Local

text: Government

text: Act

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: Isle

text: of

text: Thanet

text: makes

text: up

text: the

text: major

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: District

text: Columbanus (543  21 November 615), also known as St. Columban, was an Irish missionary notable for founding a number of monasteries from around 590 in the Frankish and Lombard kingdoms, most notably Luxeuil Abbey in present-day France and Bobbio Abbey in present-day Italy. He is remembered as a key figure in the Hiberno-Scottish mission, or Irish missionary activity in early medieval Europe. In recent years, however, as Columbanus's deeds and legacy have come to be re-examined by historians, the traditional narrative of his career has been challenged and doubts have been raised regarding his actual involvement in missionary work and the extent to which he was driven by purely religious motives or also by a concern for playing an active part in politics and church politics in Francia.

text: Columbanus

text: November

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: St.

text: Columban

text: was

text: an

text: Irish

text: missionary

text: notable

text: for

text: founding

text: number

text: of

text: monasteries

text: from

text: around

text: in

text: the

text: Frankish

text: and

text: Lombard

text: kingdoms

text: most

text: notably

text: Luxeuil

text: Abbey

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: France

text: and

text: Bobbio

text: Abbey

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Italy

text: He

text: is

text: remembered

text: as

text: key

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: Hiberno

text: Scottish

text: mission

text: or

text: Irish

text: missionary

text: activity

text: in

text: early

text: medieval

text: Europe

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: however

text: as

text: Columbanus

text: 's

text: deeds

text: and

text: legacy

text: have

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: re

text: examined

text: by

text: historians

text: the

text: traditional

text: narrative

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: has

text: been

text: challenged

text: and

text: doubts

text: have

text: been

text: raised

text: regarding

text: his

text: actual

text: involvement

text: in

text: missionary

text: work

text: and

text: the

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: driven

text: by

text: purely

text: religious

text: motives

text: or

text: also

text: by

text: concern

text: for

text: playing

text: an

text: active

text: part

text: in

text: politics

text: and

text: church

text: politics

text: in

text: Francia

text: Shropshire (or ; alternatively Salop; abbreviated, in print only, Shrops; demonym Salopian ) is a county located between West Midlands in England and Wales. It borders Powys and Wrexham in Wales to the west and north-west, Cheshire to the north, Staffordshire to the east, Worcestershire to the south-east and Herefordshire to the south. Shropshire Council was created in 2009, a unitary authority taking over from the previous county council and five district councils. The borough of Telford and Wrekin has been a separate unitary authority since 1998 but continues to be included in the ceremonial county.

text: Shropshire

text: or

text: alternatively

text: Salop

text: abbreviated

text: in

text: print

text: only

text: Shrops

text: demonym

text: Salopian

text: is

text: county

text: located

text: between

text: West

text: Midlands

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: It

text: borders

text: Powys

text: and

text: Wrexham

text: in

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: Cheshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Staffordshire

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Worcestershire

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: Herefordshire

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Shropshire

text: Council

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: unitary

text: authority

text: taking

text: over

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: county

text: council

text: and

text: five

text: district

text: councils

text: The

text: borough

text: of

text: Telford

text: and

text: Wrekin

text: has

text: been

text: separate

text: unitary

text: authority

text: since

text: but

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: A double monastery (also double house) is a monastery combining a separate community of monks and one of nuns, joined in one institution. More common in the monasticism of Eastern Christianity, where they are found since the 4th century, in the West the establishment of double monasteries became popular after Columbanus and were found in Anglo-Saxon England and Gaul. Double monasteries were forbidden by the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, though it took many years for the decree to be enforced. In a significantly different way, double monasteries were revived again after the 12th century, when a number of religious houses were established on this pattern, among Benedictines and possibly the Dominicans. The 14th-century Bridgittines were consciously founded using this form of community.

text: double

text: monastery

text: also

text: double

text: house

text: is

text: monastery

text: combining

text: separate

text: community

text: of

text: monks

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: nuns

text: joined

text: in

text: one

text: institution

text: More

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: monasticism

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Christianity

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: found

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: double

text: monasteries

text: became

text: popular

text: after

text: Columbanus

text: and

text: were

text: found

text: in

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: England

text: and

text: Gaul

text: Double

text: monasteries

text: were

text: forbidden

text: by

text: the

text: Second

text: Council

text: of

text: Nicaea

text: in

text: though

text: it

text: took

text: many

text: years

text: for

text: the

text: decree

text: to

text: be

text: enforced

text: In

text: significantly

text: different

text: way

text: double

text: monasteries

text: were

text: revived

text: again

text: after

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: number

text: of

text: religious

text: houses

text: were

text: established

text: on

text: this

text: pattern

text: among

text: Benedictines

text: and

text: possibly

text: the

text: Dominicans

text: The

text: century

text: Bridgittines

text: were

text: consciously

text: founded

text: using

text: this

text: form

text: of

text: community

text: Eastern Christianity consists of four main church families: the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and the Assyrian Church of the East, as well as the Eastern Catholic Churches (that are in communion with Rome but still maintain an Eastern liturgy). The term is used in contrast with Western Christianity (namely the Latin Church and Protestanism). Eastern Christianity consists of the Christian traditions and churches that developed in the Middle East, Africa, Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, the Balkans, Southern India and parts of the Far East over several centuries. The term does not describe a single communion or religious denomination. Some Eastern churches have more in common historically and theologically with Western Christianity than with one another. The various Eastern churches do not normally refer to themselves as "Eastern", with the exception of the Assyrian Church of the East and its offshoots.

text: Eastern

text: Christianity

text: consists

text: of

text: four

text: main

text: church

text: families

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Orthodox

text: Churches

text: and

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Catholic

text: Churches

text: that

text: are

text: in

text: communion

text: with

text: Rome

text: but

text: still

text: maintain

text: an

text: Eastern

text: liturgy

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: contrast

text: with

text: Western

text: Christianity

text: namely

text: the

text: Latin

text: Church

text: and

text: Protestanism

text: Eastern

text: Christianity

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: traditions

text: and

text: churches

text: that

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Africa

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: the

text: Balkans

text: Southern

text: India

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: over

text: several

text: centuries

text: The

text: term

text: does

text: not

text: describe

text: single

text: communion

text: or

text: religious

text: denomination

text: Some

text: Eastern

text: churches

text: have

text: more

text: in

text: common

text: historically

text: and

text: theologically

text: with

text: Western

text: Christianity

text: than

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: The

text: various

text: Eastern

text: churches

text: do

text: not

text: normally

text: refer

text: to

text: themselves

text: as

text: Eastern

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: its

text: offshoots

text: Maidstone is the county town of Kent, England, south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town, linking it with Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river was a source and route for much of the town's trade as the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of a settlement in the area dating back to before the Stone Age.

text: Maidstone

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Kent

text: England

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: London

text: The

text: River

text: Medway

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: linking

text: it

text: with

text: Rochester

text: and

text: the

text: Thames

text: Estuary

text: Historically

text: the

text: river

text: was

text: source

text: and

text: route

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: 's

text: trade

text: as

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: agricultural

text: county

text: of

text: Kent

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Garden

text: of

text: England

text: There

text: is

text: evidence

text: of

text: settlement

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: before

text: the

text: Stone

text: Age

text: Canterbury (, or ) is a historic English cathedral city and UNESCO World Heritage Site, which lies at the heart of the City of Canterbury, a local government district of Kent, England. It lies on the River Stour.

text: Canterbury

text: or

text: is

text: historic

text: English

text: cathedral

text: city

text: and

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: which

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: local

text: government

text: district

text: of

text: Kent

text: England

text: It

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Stour

text: The kingdom of the Kentish, today referred to as the Kingdom of Kent, was an early medieval kingdom in what is now South East England. Establishing itself in either the fifth or sixth centuries CE, it continued to exist until being fully absorbed into the Kingdom of England in the tenth century.

text: The

text: kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Kentish

text: today

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Kent

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: medieval

text: kingdom

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: Establishing

text: itself

text: in

text: either

text: the

text: fifth

text: or

text: sixth

text: centuries

text: CE

text: it

text: continued

text: to

text: exist

text: until

text: being

text: fully

text: absorbed

text: into

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: in

text: the

text: tenth

text: century

text: Saints Æthelred and Æthelberht (also "Ethelred", "Ethelbert") according to the Kentish royal legend (attested in the 11th century) were princes of the Kingdom of Kent who were murdered in around AD 669, and later commemorated as saints and martyrs. Their story forms an important element in the legend of Saint Mildrith, because the monastery of Minster in Thanet is said to have been founded in atonement for the crime.

text: Saints

text: Æthelred

text: and

text: Æthelberht

text: also

text: Ethelred

text: Ethelbert

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Kentish

text: royal

text: legend

text: attested

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: were

text: princes

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Kent

text: who

text: were

text: murdered

text: in

text: around

text: AD

text: and

text: later

text: commemorated

text: as

text: saints

text: and

text: martyrs

text: Their

text: story

text: forms

text: an

text: important

text: element

text: in

text: the

text: legend

text: of

text: Saint

text: Mildrith

text: because

text: the

text: monastery

text: of

text: Minster

text: in

text: Thanet

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: founded

text: in

text: atonement

text: for

text: the

text: crime

text: The City of Canterbury (or ) is a local government district with city status in Kent, England. The main settlement in the district is Canterbury.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: or

text: is

text: local

text: government

text: district

text: with

text: city

text: status

text: in

text: Kent

text: England

text: The

text: main

text: settlement

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: is

text: Canterbury

text: Surrey is a county in the south east of England and also one of the home counties bordering Greater London. Surrey shares borders with Kent to the east, East Sussex to the south-east, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west and south-west and Berkshire to the north-west. The county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames, administered as part of Greater London since 1965. With a resident population of 1.1 million, Surrey is the most densely populated and third most populated county in the South East region, after Kent and Hampshire.

text: Surrey

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: counties

text: bordering

text: Greater

text: London

text: Surrey

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: Kent

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: East

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: West

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Hampshire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: Berkshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Guildford

text: Surrey

text: County

text: Council

text: sits

text: extraterritorially

text: at

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: administered

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: since

text: With

text: resident

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Surrey

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: and

text: third

text: most

text: populated

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: region

text: after

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hampshire

text:
Gaul (Latin: "Gallia") was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands, Central Italy and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine. It covered an area of 190,800 mi² or 494,169 km². According to the testimony of Julius Caesar, Gaul was divided into three parts: Gallia Celtica, Belgica and Aquitania.
Archaeologically, the Gauls were bearers of the La Tène culture, which extended across all of Gaul, as well as east to Raetia, Noricum, Pannonia and southwestern Germania during the 5th to 1st centuries BC.
During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, Gaul fell under Roman rule: Gallia Cisalpina was conquered in 203 BC and Gallia Narbonensis in 123 BC. Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons, who were in turn defeated by the Romans by 103 BC. Julius Caesar finally subdued the remaining parts of Gaul in his campaigns of 58 to 51 BC.

text: Gaul

text: Latin

text: Gallia

text: was

text: region

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: that

text: was

text: inhabited

text: by

text: Celtic

text: tribes

text: encompassing

text: present

text: day

text: France

text: Luxembourg

text: Belgium

text: most

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Central

text: Italy

text: and

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: It

text: covered

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: or

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: testimony

text: of

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Gaul

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: parts

text: Gallia

text: Celtica

text: Belgica

text: and

text: Aquitania

text: Archaeologically

text: the

text: Gauls

text: were

text: bearers

text: of

text: the

text: La

text: Tène

text: culture

text: which

text: extended

text: across

text: all

text: of

text: Gaul

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: east

text: to

text: Raetia

text: Noricum

text: Pannonia

text: and

text: southwestern

text: Germania

text: during

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Gaul

text: fell

text: under

text: Roman

text: rule

text: Gallia

text: Cisalpina

text: was

text: conquered

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: Gallia

text: Narbonensis

text: in

text: BC

text: Gaul

text: was

text: invaded

text: after

text: BC

text: by

text: the

text: Cimbri

text: and

text: the

text: Teutons

text: who

text: were

text: in

text: turn

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: by

text: BC

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: finally

text: subdued

text: the

text: remaining

text: parts

text: of

text: Gaul

text: in

text: his

text: campaigns

text: of

text: to

text: BC

text: Minster-in-Thanet, also known as Minster, is a village and civil parish in the Thanet District of Kent, England. The village is situated to the west of Ramsgate and to the north east of Canterbury; it lies just south west of Kent International Airport and just north of the River Stour. Minster is also the "ancient capital of Thanet". At the 2011 Census the hamlet of Ebbsfleet was included.

text: Minster

text: in

text: Thanet

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Minster

text: is

text: village

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: the

text: Thanet

text: District

text: of

text: Kent

text: England

text: The

text: village

text: is

text: situated

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: Ramsgate

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: it

text: lies

text: just

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Kent

text: International

text: Airport

text: and

text: just

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Stour

text: Minster

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: ancient

text: capital

text: of

text: Thanet

text: At

text: the

text: Census

text: the

text: hamlet

text: of

text: Ebbsfleet

text: was

text: included

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: The Thames Estuary is the estuary in which the River Thames meets the waters of the North Sea, in the south-east of Great Britain.

text: The

text: Thames

text: Estuary

text: is

text: the

text: estuary

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: meets

text: the

text: waters

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Justus (sometimes Iustus; died on 10 November between 627 and 631) was the fourth Archbishop of Canterbury. He was sent from Italy to England by Pope Gregory the Great, on a mission to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native paganism, probably arriving with the second group of missionaries despatched in 601. Justus became the first Bishop of Rochester in 604, and attended a church council in Paris in 614.

text: Justus

text: sometimes

text: Iustus

text: died

text: on

text: November

text: between

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: fourth

text: Archbishop

text: of

text: Canterbury

text: He

text: was

text: sent

text: from

text: Italy

text: to

text: England

text: by

text: Pope

text: Gregory

text: the

text: Great

text: on

text: mission

text: to

text: Christianize

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: from

text: their

text: native

text: paganism

text: probably

text: arriving

text: with

text: the

text: second

text: group

text: of

text: missionaries

text: despatched

text: in

text: Justus

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Rochester

text: in

text: and

text: attended

text: church

text: council

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: Domne Eafe ( also Domneva , Domne Éue , Æbbe , Ebba ; floruit late 7th century ) was , according to the Kentish royal legend , a granddaughter of King Eadbald of Kent and the foundress of the double monastery at Minster - in - Thanet during the reign of her cousin King Ecgberht of Kent . A 1000 - year - old confusion with her sister Eormenburg means she is often now known by that name . Married to Merewalh of Mercia , she had at least four children . When her two brothers , Æthelred and Æthelberht , were murdered ( and subsequently venerated as saintly martyrs ) she obtained the land in Thanet to build an abbey , from a repentant King Ecgberht . Her three daughters all went on to become Abbesses and saints , the most famous of which , Mildrith , ended up with a shrine in St Augustine 's Abbey , Canterbury .

text: Domne

text: Eafe

text: also

text: Domneva

text: Domne

text: Éue

text: Æbbe

text: Ebba

text: floruit

text: late

text: century

text: was

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Kentish

text: royal

text: legend

text: granddaughter

text: of

text: King

text: Eadbald

text: of

text: Kent

text: and

text: the

text: foundress

text: of

text: the

text: double

text: monastery

text: at

text: Minster

text: in

text: Thanet

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: her

text: cousin

text: King

text: Ecgberht

text: of

text: Kent

text: year

text: old

text: confusion

text: with

text: her

text: sister

text: Eormenburg

text: means

text: she

text: is

text: often

text: now

text: known

text: by

text: that

text: name

text: Married

text: to

text: Merewalh

text: of

text: Mercia

text: she

text: had

text: at

text: least

text: four

text: children

text: When

text: her

text: two

text: brothers

text: Æthelred

text: and

text: Æthelberht

text: were

text: murdered

text: and

text: subsequently

text: venerated

text: as

text: saintly

text: martyrs

text: she

text: obtained

text: the

text: land

text: in

text: Thanet

text: to

text: build

text: an

text: abbey

text: from

text: repentant

text: King

text: Ecgberht

text: Her

text: three

text: daughters

text: all

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: Abbesses

text: and

text: saints

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: of

text: which

text: Mildrith

text: ended

text: up

text: with

text: shrine

text: in

text: St

text: Augustine

text: 's

text: Abbey

text: Canterbury

text: Eadbald was King of Kent from 616 until his death in 640. He was the son of King Æthelberht and his wife Bertha, a daughter of the Merovingian king Charibert. Æthelberht made Kent the dominant force in England during his reign and became the first Anglo-Saxon king to convert to Christianity from Anglo-Saxon paganism. Eadbald's accession was a significant setback for the growth of the church, since he retained his indigenous paganism and did not convert to Christianity for at least a year, and perhaps for as much as eight years. He was ultimately converted by either Laurentius or Justus, and separated from his first wife, who had been his stepmother, at the insistence of the church. Eadbald's second wife was Emma, who may have been a Frankish princess. She bore him two sons, Eormenred and Eorcenberht, and a daughter, Eanswith.

text: Eadbald

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: Kent

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: King

text: Æthelberht

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Bertha

text: daughter

text: of

text: the

text: Merovingian

text: king

text: Charibert

text: Æthelberht

text: made

text: Kent

text: the

text: dominant

text: force

text: in

text: England

text: during

text: his

text: reign

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: king

text: to

text: convert

text: to

text: Christianity

text: from

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: paganism

text: Eadbald

text: 's

text: accession

text: was

text: significant

text: setback

text: for

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: since

text: he

text: retained

text: his

text: indigenous

text: paganism

text: and

text: did

text: not

text: convert

text: to

text: Christianity

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: year

text: and

text: perhaps

text: for

text: as

text: much

text: as

text: eight

text: years

text: He

text: was

text: ultimately

text: converted

text: by

text: either

text: Laurentius

text: or

text: Justus

text: and

text: separated

text: from

text: his

text: first

text: wife

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: his

text: stepmother

text: at

text: the

text: insistence

text: of

text: the

text: church

text: Eadbald

text: 's

text: second

text: wife

text: was

text: Emma

text: who

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: Frankish

text: princess

text: She

text: bore

text: him

text: two

text: sons

text: Eormenred

text: and

text: Eorcenberht

text: and

text: daughter

text: Eanswith

text: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is a collection of annals in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. The original manuscript of the "Chronicle" was created late in the 9th century, probably in Wessex, during the reign of Alfred the Great. Multiple copies were made of that one original and then distributed to monasteries across England, where they were independently updated. In one case, the "Chronicle" was still being actively updated in 1154.

text: The

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: Chronicle

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: annals

text: in

text: Old

text: English

text: chronicling

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: The

text: original

text: manuscript

text: of

text: the

text: Chronicle

text: was

text: created

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: probably

text: in

text: Wessex

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: Multiple

text: copies

text: were

text: made

text: of

text: that

text: one

text: original

text: and

text: then

text: distributed

text: to

text: monasteries

text: across

text: England

text: where

text: they

text: were

text: independently

text: updated

text: In

text: one

text: case

text: the

text: Chronicle

text: was

text: still

text: being

text: actively

text: updated

text: in

text: Sussex (abbreviated Sx), from the Old English "Sþsaxe" (South Saxons), is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. It is bounded to the west by Hampshire, north by Surrey, north-east by Kent, south by the English Channel, and divided for local government into West Sussex and East Sussex and the city of Brighton and Hove. Brighton and Hove was created as a unitary authority in 1997, and granted City status in 2000. Until then, Chichester was Sussex's only city.

text: Sussex

text: abbreviated

text: Sx

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: English

text: Sþsaxe

text: South

text: Saxons

text: is

text: historic

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: corresponding

text: roughly

text: in

text: area

text: to

text: the

text: ancient

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sussex

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Hampshire

text: north

text: by

text: Surrey

text: north

text: east

text: by

text: Kent

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: divided

text: for

text: local

text: government

text: into

text: West

text: Sussex

text: and

text: East

text: Sussex

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Brighton

text: and

text: Hove

text: Brighton

text: and

text: Hove

text: was

text: created

text: as

text: unitary

text: authority

text: in

text: and

text: granted

text: City

text: status

text: in

text: Until

text: then

text: Chichester

text: was

text: Sussex

text: 's

text: only

text: city

text: Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north west, Surrey to the west, East Sussex to the south west, and Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north. The county town is Maidstone.

text: Kent

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: counties

text: It

text: borders

text: Greater

text: London

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: Surrey

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: East

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: Essex

text: across

text: the

text: Thames

text: Estuary

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Maidstone

question: country_of_citizenship domne eafe

answer: kingdom of kent

text: kingdom of kent

text: kingdom of kent


text: Moses ( Bulgarian :  ) ( died 976 ) was a Bulgarian noble , brother of Emperor Samuel of Bulgaria and second son of komes Nicholas . After the fall of the eastern parts of the Empire under Byzantine occupation in 971 , he and his brothers David , Aron and Samuel continued the fight to the west . They ruled together and divided the realm into four parts . His lands were centred on Strumitsa , from where he had to launch attacks against the Aegean regions of the Byzantine Empire . In 976 the Bulgarian armies undertook a major assault from all borders and Moses lead his troops to Serres . During the siege of the town , he was mortally hit by a stone and then slain by an enemy sword . David and Aron also perished in the same year and the whole power fell in the hands of Samuel , who became Emperor in 997 after the death of last ruler from the previous dynasty , Roman .

text: Moses

text: Bulgarian

text: died

text: was

text: Bulgarian

text: noble

text: brother

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Samuel

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: second

text: son

text: of

text: komes

text: Nicholas

text: After

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: under

text: Byzantine

text: occupation

text: in

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: brothers

text: David

text: Aron

text: and

text: Samuel

text: continued

text: the

text: fight

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: They

text: ruled

text: together

text: and

text: divided

text: the

text: realm

text: into

text: four

text: parts

text: His

text: lands

text: were

text: centred

text: on

text: Strumitsa

text: from

text: where

text: he

text: had

text: to

text: launch

text: attacks

text: against

text: the

text: Aegean

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: In

text: the

text: Bulgarian

text: armies

text: undertook

text: major

text: assault

text: from

text: all

text: borders

text: and

text: Moses

text: lead

text: his

text: troops

text: to

text: Serres

text: During

text: the

text: siege

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: he

text: was

text: mortally

text: hit

text: by

text: stone

text: and

text: then

text: slain

text: by

text: an

text: enemy

text: sword

text: David

text: and

text: Aron

text: also

text: perished

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: whole

text: power

text: fell

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: Samuel

text: who

text: became

text: Emperor

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: last

text: ruler

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: dynasty

text: Roman

text: The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the "Roman Empire" (tr. ), or "Romania", and to themselves as "Romans".

text: The

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: during

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: when

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: Constantinople

text: modern

text: day

text: Istanbul

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: founded

text: as

text: Byzantium

text: It

text: survived

text: the

text: fragmentation

text: and

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: and

text: continued

text: to

text: exist

text: for

text: an

text: additional

text: thousand

text: years

text: until

text: it

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Turks

text: in

text: During

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: economic

text: cultural

text: and

text: military

text: force

text: in

text: Europe

text: Both

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: are

text: historiographical

text: terms

text: created

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: realm

text: its

text: citizens

text: continued

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: their

text: empire

text: as

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: tr

text: or

text: Romania

text: and

text: to

text: themselves

text: as

text: Romans

text: Petar I (died 30 January 970) was emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 27 May 927 to 969.

text: Petar

text: died

text: January

text: was

text: emperor

text: tsar

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: An emperor (through Old French "empereor" from ) is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ("empress consort"), mother ("empress dowager"), or a woman who rules in her own right ("empress regnant"). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher honour and rank than kings. In Europe the title of Emperor was, since the Middle Ages, considered equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope, due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of Western Europe. The Emperor of Japan is the only currently reigning monarch whose title is translated into English as "Emperor".

text: An

text: emperor

text: through

text: Old

text: French

text: empereor

text: from

text: is

text: monarch

text: usually

text: the

text: sovereign

text: ruler

text: of

text: an

text: empire

text: or

text: another

text: type

text: of

text: imperial

text: realm

text: Empress

text: the

text: female

text: equivalent

text: may

text: indicate

text: an

text: emperor

text: 's

text: wife

text: empress

text: consort

text: mother

text: empress

text: dowager

text: or

text: woman

text: who

text: rules

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: right

text: empress

text: regnant

text: Emperors

text: are

text: generally

text: recognized

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: higher

text: honour

text: and

text: rank

text: than

text: kings

text: In

text: Europe

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Emperor

text: was

text: since

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: considered

text: equal

text: or

text: almost

text: equal

text: in

text: dignity

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: Pope

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: position

text: as

text: visible

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: and

text: spiritual

text: leader

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: The

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Japan

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: currently

text: reigning

text: monarch

text: whose

text: title

text: is

text: translated

text: into

text: English

text: as

text: Emperor

text: The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek:   , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Koine

text: and

text: Medieval

text: Greek

text: tr

text: was

text: the

text: post

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: civilization

text: characterized

text: by

text: government

text: headed

text: by

text: emperors

text: and

text: large

text: territorial

text: holdings

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: BC

text: AD

text: with

text: Constantinople

text: New

text: Rome

text: becoming

text: the

text: largest

text: around

text: AD

text: and

text: the

text: Empire

text: 's

text: populace

text: grew

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: roughly

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: old

text: republic

text: which

text: preceded

text: it

text: was

text: severely

text: destabilized

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: civil

text: wars

text: and

text: political

text: conflict

text: during

text: which

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: appointed

text: as

text: perpetual

text: dictator

text: and

text: then

text: assassinated

text: in

text: BC

text: Civil

text: wars

text: and

text: executions

text: continued

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: victory

text: of

text: Octavian

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: adopted

text: son

text: over

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: and

text: Cleopatra

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Octavian

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: then

text: unassailable

text: and

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Roman

text: Senate

text: formally

text: granted

text: him

text: overarching

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: title

text: Augustus

text: effectively

text: marking

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: The First Bulgarian Empire (Old ) was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed in southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. It was founded circa 681 when Bulgar tribes led by Asparukh moved to the northeastern Balkans. There they secured Byzantine recognition of their right to settle south of the Danube by defeating  possibly with the help of local South Slavic tribes  the Byzantine army led by Constantine IV. At the height of its power, Bulgaria spread from the Danube Bend to the Black Sea and from the Dnieper River to the Adriatic Sea.

text: The

text: First

text: Bulgarian

text: Empire

text: Old

text: was

text: medieval

text: Bulgarian

text: state

text: that

text: existed

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: AD

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: circa

text: when

text: Bulgar

text: tribes

text: led

text: by

text: Asparukh

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: northeastern

text: Balkans

text: There

text: they

text: secured

text: Byzantine

text: recognition

text: of

text: their

text: right

text: to

text: settle

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Danube

text: by

text: defeating

text: possibly

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: local

text: South

text: Slavic

text: tribes

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: army

text: led

text: by

text: Constantine

text: IV

text: At

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: its

text: power

text: Bulgaria

text: spread

text: from

text: the

text: Danube

text: Bend

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Dnieper

text: River

text: to

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text:
Istanbul (or ), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center. Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia, straddling the Bosphorus strait (which separates Europe and Asia) between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives on the Asian side.
The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (coterminous with Istanbul Province), both hosting a population of around 14.7 million residents. Istanbul is one of the world's most populous cities and ranks as the world's 7th-largest city proper and the largest European city.

text: Istanbul

text: or

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: Byzantium

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Turkey

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: economic

text: cultural

text: and

text: historic

text: center

text: Istanbul

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: city

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: straddling

text: the

text: Bosphorus

text: strait

text: which

text: separates

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: between

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: Its

text: commercial

text: and

text: historical

text: center

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: side

text: and

text: about

text: third

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: lives

text: on

text: the

text: Asian

text: side

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Istanbul

text: Metropolitan

text: Municipality

text: coterminous

text: with

text: Istanbul

text: Province

text: both

text: hosting

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: residents

text: Istanbul

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: cities

text: and

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: proper

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: city

text: Samuel (also Samuil, representing Bulgarian "", pronounced ) was the Tsar ("Emperor") of the First Bulgarian Empire from 997 to 6 October 1014. From 977 to 997, he was a general under Roman I of Bulgaria, the second surviving son of Emperor Peter I of Bulgaria, and co-ruled with him, as Roman bestowed upon him the command of the army and the effective royal authority. As Samuel struggled to preserve his country's independence from the Byzantine Empire, his rule was characterized by constant warfare against the Byzantines and their equally ambitious ruler Basil II.

text: Samuel

text: also

text: Samuil

text: representing

text: Bulgarian

text: pronounced

text: was

text: the

text: Tsar

text: Emperor

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Bulgarian

text: Empire

text: from

text: to

text: October

text: From

text: to

text: he

text: was

text: general

text: under

text: Roman

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: the

text: second

text: surviving

text: son

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Peter

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: co

text: ruled

text: with

text: him

text: as

text: Roman

text: bestowed

text: upon

text: him

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: the

text: effective

text: royal

text: authority

text: As

text: Samuel

text: struggled

text: to

text: preserve

text: his

text: country

text: 's

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: his

text: rule

text: was

text: characterized

text: by

text: constant

text: warfare

text: against

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: and

text: their

text: equally

text: ambitious

text: ruler

text: Basil

text: II

text: In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

text: In

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: or

text: medieval

text: period

text: lasted

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: The

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: the

text: middle

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: traditional

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: history

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: medieval

text: period

text: is

text: itself

text: subdivided

text: into

text: the

text: Early

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Constantinople  was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (3301204 and 12611453), and also of the brief Latin (12041261), and the later Ottoman (14531923) empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 AD from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and dedicated on 11 May 330 AD.

text: Constantinople

text: was

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: and

text: and

text: also

text: of

text: the

text: brief

text: Latin

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: Ottoman

text: empires

text: It

text: was

text: reinaugurated

text: in

text: AD

text: from

text: ancient

text: Byzantium

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: by

text: Emperor

text: Constantine

text: the

text: Great

text: after

text: whom

text: it

text: was

text: named

text: and

text: dedicated

text: on

text: May

text: AD

text: Byzantium ("Byzántion") was an ancient Greek colony on the site that later became Constantinople, and later still Istanbul. Byzantium was colonised by the Greeks from Megara in .

text: Byzantium

text: Byzántion

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: colony

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: that

text: later

text: became

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: later

text: still

text: Istanbul

text: Byzantium

text: was

text: colonised

text: by

text: the

text: Greeks

text: from

text: Megara

text: in

text: Late Antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the time of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages in mainland Europe, the Mediterranean world, and the Middle East. The development of the periodization has generally been accredited to historian Peter Brown, after the publication of his seminal work "The World of Late Antiquity" (1971). Precise boundaries for the period are a continuing matter of debate, but Brown proposes a period between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Generally, it can be thought of as from the end of the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century (c. 235  284) to, in the East, the early Islamic period (7th9th centuries), following the Muslim conquests in the mid7th century. In the West the end was earlier, with the start of the Early Medieval period typically placed in the 6th century, or earlier on the Western edges of the empire.

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: is

text: periodization

text: used

text: by

text: historians

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: transition

text: from

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: in

text: mainland

text: Europe

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: periodization

text: has

text: generally

text: been

text: accredited

text: to

text: historian

text: Peter

text: Brown

text: after

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: his

text: seminal

text: work

text: The

text: World

text: of

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: Precise

text: boundaries

text: for

text: the

text: period

text: are

text: continuing

text: matter

text: of

text: debate

text: but

text: Brown

text: proposes

text: period

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: AD

text: Generally

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: 's

text: Crisis

text: of

text: the

text: Third

text: Century

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: the

text: early

text: Islamic

text: period

text: centuries

text: following

text: the

text: Muslim

text: conquests

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: West

text: the

text: end

text: was

text: earlier

text: with

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Medieval

text: period

text: typically

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: or

text: earlier

text: on

text: the

text: Western

text: edges

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: An empire is defined as "an aggregate of nations or people ruled over by an emperor or other powerful sovereign or government, usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, French Empire, Brazilian Empire, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Byzantine Empire or Roman Empire." An empire can be made solely of contiguous territories such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, or of territories far remote from the homeland, such as a colonial empire.

text: An

text: empire

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: an

text: aggregate

text: of

text: nations

text: or

text: people

text: ruled

text: over

text: by

text: an

text: emperor

text: or

text: other

text: powerful

text: sovereign

text: or

text: government

text: usually

text: territory

text: of

text: greater

text: extent

text: than

text: kingdom

text: as

text: the

text: former

text: British

text: Empire

text: French

text: Empire

text: Brazilian

text: Empire

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: or

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: An

text: empire

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: solely

text: of

text: contiguous

text: territories

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: or

text: of

text: territories

text: far

text: remote

text: from

text: the

text: homeland

text: such

text: as

text: colonial

text: empire

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: country_of_citizenship moses of bulgaria

answer: first bulgarian empire

text: first bulgarian empire

text: first bulgarian empire


text: The Spy Who Came in from the Cold is a 1963 Cold War spy novel by British author John le Carré. It depicts a British agent being sent to East Germany as a faux defector to sow disinformation about a powerful East German intelligence officer. With the aid of his unwitting English girlfriend, an idealistic communist, he allows himself to be recruited by the East Germans, but soon his charade unravels and he admits to still being a British agenta revelation that perversely achieves the ultimate objective of the mission.

text: The

text: Spy

text: Who

text: Came

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: Cold

text: is

text: Cold

text: War

text: spy

text: novel

text: by

text: British

text: author

text: John

text: le

text: Carré

text: It

text: depicts

text: British

text: agent

text: being

text: sent

text: to

text: East

text: Germany

text: as

text: faux

text: defector

text: to

text: sow

text: disinformation

text: about

text: powerful

text: East

text: German

text: intelligence

text: officer

text: With

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: his

text: unwitting

text: English

text: girlfriend

text: an

text: idealistic

text: communist

text: he

text: allows

text: himself

text: to

text: be

text: recruited

text: by

text: the

text: East

text: Germans

text: but

text: soon

text: his

text: charade

text: unravels

text: and

text: he

text: admits

text: to

text: still

text: being

text: British

text: agenta

text: revelation

text: that

text: perversely

text: achieves

text: the

text: ultimate

text: objective

text: of

text: the

text: mission

text: David John Moore Cornwell, alias John le Carré , (born 19 October 1931) is a British author of espionage novels. During the 1950s and the 1960s, he worked for the Security Service and the Secret Intelligence Service, and began writing novels under his pen name. His third novel, "The Spy Who Came in from the Cold" (1963), became an international best-seller, and remains one of his best-known works. Following the success of this novel, he left MI6 to become a full-time author.

text: David

text: John

text: Moore

text: Cornwell

text: alias

text: John

text: le

text: Carré

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: British

text: author

text: of

text: espionage

text: novels

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: he

text: worked

text: for

text: the

text: Security

text: Service

text: and

text: the

text: Secret

text: Intelligence

text: Service

text: and

text: began

text: writing

text: novels

text: under

text: his

text: pen

text: name

text: His

text: third

text: novel

text: The

text: Spy

text: Who

text: Came

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: Cold

text: became

text: an

text: international

text: best

text: seller

text: and

text: remains

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: best

text: known

text: works

text: Following

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: this

text: novel

text: he

text: left

text: to

text: become

text: full

text: time

text: author

text: George Smiley is a fictional character created by John le Carré. Smiley is a career intelligence officer with "The Circus", the British overseas intelligence agency. He is a central character in the novels "Call for the Dead", "A Murder of Quality", "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy", "The Honourable Schoolboy", and "Smiley's People", and a supporting character in "The Spy Who Came in from the Cold", "The Looking Glass War" and "The Secret Pilgrim".

text: George

text: Smiley

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: created

text: by

text: John

text: le

text: Carré

text: Smiley

text: is

text: career

text: intelligence

text: officer

text: with

text: The

text: Circus

text: the

text: British

text: overseas

text: intelligence

text: agency

text: He

text: is

text: central

text: character

text: in

text: the

text: novels

text: Call

text: for

text: the

text: Dead

text: Murder

text: of

text: Quality

text: Tinker

text: Tailor

text: Soldier

text: Spy

text: The

text: Honourable

text: Schoolboy

text: and

text: Smiley

text: 's

text: People

text: and

text: supporting

text: character

text: in

text: The

text: Spy

text: Who

text: Came

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: Cold

text: The

text: Looking

text: Glass

text: War

text: and

text: The

text: Secret

text: Pilgrim

text: Peter Guillam is a fictional character in John le Carré 's series of espionage novels . He first appears in Call for the Dead at which time he is working for the Ministry of Defence , and later appears in The Spy Who Came in from the Cold .

text: Peter

text: Guillam

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: in

text: John

text: le

text: Carré

text: 's

text: series

text: of

text: espionage

text: novels

text: He

text: first

text: appears

text: in

text: Call

text: for

text: the

text: Dead

text: at

text: which

text: time

text: he

text: is

text: working

text: for

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Defence

text: and

text: later

text: appears

text: in

text: The

text: Spy

text: Who

text: Came

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: Cold

text: Call for the Dead is John le Carré's first novel, published in 1961. It introduces George Smiley, the most famous of le Carré's recurring characters, in a story about East German spies inside Great Britain. It also introduces a fictional version of British Intelligence, called "the Circus" because of its location in Cambridge Circus, that is apparently based on MI6 and that recurs throughout le Carré's spy novels.

text: Call

text: for

text: the

text: Dead

text: is

text: John

text: le

text: Carré

text: 's

text: first

text: novel

text: published

text: in

text: It

text: introduces

text: George

text: Smiley

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: of

text: le

text: Carré

text: 's

text: recurring

text: characters

text: in

text: story

text: about

text: East

text: German

text: spies

text: inside

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: also

text: introduces

text: fictional

text: version

text: of

text: British

text: Intelligence

text: called

text: the

text: Circus

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: location

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: Circus

text: that

text: is

text: apparently

text: based

text: on

text: and

text: that

text: recurs

text: throughout

text: le

text: Carré

text: 's

text: spy

text: novels

question: employer peter guillam

answer: secret intelligence service

text: secret intelligence service


text: The Sundowners is a 1950 American film directed by George Templeton . The film is also known as Thunder in the Dust in the United Kingdom .

text: The

text: Sundowners

text: is

text: American

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: George

text: Templeton

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Thunder

text: in

text: the

text: Dust

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Northern Ireland (; Ulster Scots: "") is a top-level constituent unit of the United Kingdom in the northeast of Ireland. It is variously described as a country, province, region, or "part" of the United Kingdom, amongst other terms. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to "put forward views and proposals" with "determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments".

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Ulster

text: Scots

text: is

text: top

text: level

text: constituent

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: Ireland

text: It

text: is

text: variously

text: described

text: as

text: country

text: province

text: region

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: amongst

text: other

text: terms

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: shares

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: with

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: In

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: constituting

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: and

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: population

text: Established

text: by

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Act

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Good

text: Friday

text: Agreement

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Assembly

text: holds

text: responsibility

text: for

text: range

text: of

text: devolved

text: policy

text: matters

text: while

text: other

text: areas

text: are

text: reserved

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: co

text: operates

text: with

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: and

text: the

text: Agreement

text: granted

text: the

text: Republic

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: put

text: forward

text: views

text: and

text: proposals

text: with

text: determined

text: efforts

text: to

text: resolve

text: disagreements

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: governments

text: A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: in

text: international

text: law

text: nonphysical

text: juridical

text: entity

text: that

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: one

text: centralised

text: government

text: that

text: has

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: geographic

text: area

text: International

text: law

text: defines

text: sovereign

text: states

text: as

text: having

text: permanent

text: population

text: defined

text: territory

text: one

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: relations

text: with

text: other

text: sovereign

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: normally

text: understood

text: that

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: neither

text: dependent

text: on

text: nor

text: subjected

text: to

text: any

text: other

text: power

text: or

text: state

text: Ireland, also described as the Republic of Ireland ('), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the eastern part of the island, and whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country's 4.75 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint George's Channel to the south-east, and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The legislature, the ', consists of a lower house, ', an upper house, ', and an elected President (') who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the ' (Prime Minister, literally 'Chief', a title not used in English), who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President, and appoints other government ministers.

text: Ireland

text: also

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: north

text: western

text: Europe

text: occupying

text: about

text: five

text: sixths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Dublin

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: whose

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: around

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The

text: state

text: shares

text: its

text: only

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Saint

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: The

text: legislature

text: the

text: consists

text: of

text: lower

text: house

text: an

text: upper

text: house

text: and

text: an

text: elected

text: President

text: who

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: largely

text: ceremonial

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: but

text: with

text: some

text: important

text: powers

text: and

text: duties

text: The

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: is

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: literally

text: Chief

text: title

text: not

text: used

text: in

text: English

text: who

text: is

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: Dáil

text: and

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: and

text: appoints

text: other

text: government

text: ministers

text: The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800. The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands. It did not include Ireland, which remained a separate realm. The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster. The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I, bringing about a "Union of the Crowns". Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714, the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: officially

text: Great

text: Britain

text: was

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: December

text: The

text: state

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: following

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Union

text: in

text: ratified

text: by

text: the

text: Acts

text: of

text: Union

text: which

text: united

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: to

text: form

text: single

text: kingdom

text: encompassing

text: the

text: whole

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: its

text: outlying

text: islands

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: Ireland

text: which

text: remained

text: separate

text: realm

text: The

text: unitary

text: state

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: single

text: parliament

text: and

text: government

text: that

text: was

text: based

text: in

text: Westminster

text: The

text: former

text: kingdoms

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: since

text: James

text: VI

text: King

text: of

text: Scots

text: became

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: King

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: bringing

text: about

text: Union

text: of

text: the

text: Crowns

text: Also

text: after

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: George

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: in

text: the

text: kingdom

text: was

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: with

text: the

text: Electorate

text: of

text: Hanover

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The Celtic Sea (; ) is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded to the east by Saint George's Channel; other limits include the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, Devon, and Brittany. The southern and western boundaries are delimited by the continental shelf, which drops away sharply. The Isles of Scilly are an archipelago of small islands in the sea.

text: The

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: Ireland

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Saint

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: other

text: limits

text: include

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: adjacent

text: portions

text: of

text: Wales

text: Cornwall

text: Devon

text: and

text: Brittany

text: The

text: southern

text: and

text: western

text: boundaries

text: are

text: delimited

text: by

text: the

text: continental

text: shelf

text: which

text: drops

text: away

text: sharply

text: The

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: sea

question: genre the sundowners

answer: western

text: western

text: western

text: western

text: western

text: western