text: Phoebidas ( Greek :  ) was a Spartan general who , in 382 BC , seized the Theban acropolis , thus giving Sparta control over Thebes . To punish his unauthorized action , Phoebidas was relieved of command . Nevertheless , the Spartans continued to hold Thebes . The Spartan king Agesilaus argued against punishing Phoebidas , on the grounds that his actions had benefitted Sparta , arguing out that was the only standard by which he should be judged . In 378 BC , Phoebidas was killed by Theban cavalry under the command of the Theban general Gorgidas , while serving as the harmost of Thespiae . Several years later , Phoebidas 's actions appear to have been the model for a similar action by another general , Sphodrias , who attempted to seize Piraeus , the port of Athens .

text: Phoebidas

text: Greek

text: was

text: Spartan

text: general

text: who

text: in

text: BC

text: seized

text: the

text: Theban

text: acropolis

text: thus

text: giving

text: Sparta

text: control

text: over

text: Thebes

text: To

text: punish

text: his

text: unauthorized

text: action

text: Phoebidas

text: was

text: relieved

text: of

text: command

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: Spartans

text: continued

text: to

text: hold

text: Thebes

text: The

text: Spartan

text: king

text: Agesilaus

text: argued

text: against

text: punishing

text: Phoebidas

text: on

text: the

text: grounds

text: that

text: his

text: actions

text: had

text: benefitted

text: Sparta

text: arguing

text: out

text: that

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: standard

text: by

text: which

text: he

text: should

text: be

text: judged

text: In

text: BC

text: Phoebidas

text: was

text: killed

text: by

text: Theban

text: cavalry

text: under

text: the

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: Theban

text: general

text: Gorgidas

text: while

text: serving

text: as

text: the

text: harmost

text: of

text: Thespiae

text: Several

text: years

text: later

text: Phoebidas

text: 's

text: actions

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: model

text: for

text: similar

text: action

text: by

text: another

text: general

text: Sphodrias

text: who

text: attempted

text: to

text: seize

text: Piraeus

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Athens

text: A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories. Historically, this included cities such as Rome, Athens, Carthage, and the Italian city-states during the Renaissancebut today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist, with some disagreement as to which are city-states. A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore, Monaco, and Vatican City.

text: city

text: state

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: dependent

text: territories

text: Historically

text: this

text: included

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Rome

text: Athens

text: Carthage

text: and

text: the

text: Italian

text: city

text: states

text: during

text: the

text: Renaissancebut

text: today

text: only

text: handful

text: of

text: sovereign

text: city

text: states

text: exist

text: with

text: some

text: disagreement

text: as

text: to

text: which

text: are

text: city

text: states

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: consensus

text: exists

text: that

text: the

text: term

text: properly

text: applies

text: to

text: Singapore

text: Monaco

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: In Greek mythology, Eurotas was a king of Laconia, the son of King Myles and grandson of Lelex, eponymous ancestor of the Leleges. He had no male heir, but he did have a daughter Sparta and wife Clete. Eurotas bequeathed the kingdom to Lacedaemon, the son of Taygete, after whom Mount Taygetus is named, and Zeus, according to Pausanias. Lacedaemon married Sparta and renamed the state after his wife.

text: In

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: Eurotas

text: was

text: king

text: of

text: Laconia

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: King

text: Myles

text: and

text: grandson

text: of

text: Lelex

text: eponymous

text: ancestor

text: of

text: the

text: Leleges

text: He

text: had

text: no

text: male

text: heir

text: but

text: he

text: did

text: have

text: daughter

text: Sparta

text: and

text: wife

text: Clete

text: Eurotas

text: bequeathed

text: the

text: kingdom

text: to

text: Lacedaemon

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Taygete

text: after

text: whom

text: Mount

text: Taygetus

text: is

text: named

text: and

text: Zeus

text: according

text: to

text: Pausanias

text: Lacedaemon

text: married

text: Sparta

text: and

text: renamed

text: the

text: state

text: after

text: his

text: wife

text: Sparta (Doric Greek: ; Attic Greek: ) was a prominent city-state in ancient Greece. In antiquity the city-state was known as Lacedaemon, while the name Sparta referred to its main settlement on the banks of the Eurotas River in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. Around 650 BC, it rose to become the dominant military land-power in ancient Greece.

text: Sparta

text: Doric

text: Greek

text: Attic

text: Greek

text: was

text: prominent

text: city

text: state

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: In

text: antiquity

text: the

text: city

text: state

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Lacedaemon

text: while

text: the

text: name

text: Sparta

text: referred

text: to

text: its

text: main

text: settlement

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Eurotas

text: River

text: in

text: Laconia

text: in

text: south

text: eastern

text: Peloponnese

text: Around

text: BC

text: it

text: rose

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: military

text: land

text: power

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greece

question: occupation phoebidas

answer: military

text: military


text: In the study of human settlements, an urban agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ("usually a municipality") and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area. INSEE, the French Statistical Institute, uses the term "unité urbaine", which means continuous urbanized area. However, because of differences in definitions of what does and does not constitute an "agglomeration", as well as variations and limitations in statistical or geographical methodology, it can be problematic to compare different agglomerations around the world. It may not be clear, for instance, whether an area should be considered to be a satellite and part of an agglomeration, or a distinct entity in itself.

text: In

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: human

text: settlements

text: an

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: is

text: an

text: extended

text: city

text: or

text: town

text: area

text: comprising

text: the

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: of

text: central

text: place

text: usually

text: municipality

text: and

text: any

text: suburbs

text: linked

text: by

text: continuous

text: urban

text: area

text: INSEE

text: the

text: French

text: Statistical

text: Institute

text: uses

text: the

text: term

text: unité

text: urbaine

text: which

text: means

text: continuous

text: urbanized

text: area

text: However

text: because

text: of

text: differences

text: in

text: definitions

text: of

text: what

text: does

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: constitute

text: an

text: agglomeration

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: variations

text: and

text: limitations

text: in

text: statistical

text: or

text: geographical

text: methodology

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: problematic

text: to

text: compare

text: different

text: agglomerations

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: clear

text: for

text: instance

text: whether

text: an

text: area

text: should

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: satellite

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: agglomeration

text: or

text: distinct

text: entity

text: in

text: itself

text: Headquarters (HQ) denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of a corporation taking full responsibility for managing all business activities. In the UK, the term head office is most commonly used for the HQs of large corporations. The term is also used regarding military organizations.

text: Headquarters

text: HQ

text: denotes

text: the

text: location

text: where

text: most

text: if

text: not

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: important

text: functions

text: of

text: an

text: organization

text: are

text: coordinated

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: corporate

text: headquarters

text: represents

text: the

text: entity

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: or

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: corporation

text: taking

text: full

text: responsibility

text: for

text: managing

text: all

text: business

text: activities

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: the

text: term

text: head

text: office

text: is

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: HQs

text: of

text: large

text: corporations

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: regarding

text: military

text: organizations

text: Research comprises "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. Research projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or in the example of a school research project, they can be used to further a student's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological,etc.

text: Research

text: comprises

text: creative

text: work

text: undertaken

text: on

text: systematic

text: basis

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: stock

text: of

text: knowledge

text: including

text: knowledge

text: of

text: humans

text: culture

text: and

text: society

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: this

text: stock

text: of

text: knowledge

text: to

text: devise

text: new

text: applications

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: establish

text: or

text: confirm

text: facts

text: reaffirm

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: previous

text: work

text: solve

text: new

text: or

text: existing

text: problems

text: support

text: theorems

text: or

text: develop

text: new

text: theories

text: research

text: project

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: an

text: expansion

text: on

text: past

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: Research

text: projects

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: develop

text: further

text: knowledge

text: on

text: topic

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: example

text: of

text: school

text: research

text: project

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: further

text: student

text: 's

text: research

text: prowess

text: to

text: prepare

text: them

text: for

text: future

text: jobs

text: or

text: reports

text: To

text: test

text: the

text: validity

text: of

text: instruments

text: procedures

text: or

text: experiments

text: research

text: may

text: replicate

text: elements

text: of

text: prior

text: projects

text: or

text: the

text: project

text: as

text: whole

text: The

text: primary

text: purposes

text: of

text: basic

text: research

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: applied

text: research

text: are

text: documentation

text: discovery

text: interpretation

text: or

text: the

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: R&D

text: of

text: methods

text: and

text: systems

text: for

text: the

text: advancement

text: of

text: human

text: knowledge

text: Approaches

text: to

text: research

text: depend

text: on

text: epistemologies

text: which

text: vary

text: considerably

text: both

text: within

text: and

text: between

text: humanities

text: and

text: sciences

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: forms

text: of

text: research

text: scientific

text: humanities

text: artistic

text: economic

text: social

text: business

text: marketing

text: practitioner

text: research

text: life

text: technological

text: etc

text: The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes the most populous city in the United States (New York City); Long Island and the Mid- and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey (Newark  the largest city in New Jersey  Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison) and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut (Bridgeport  the largest city in Connecticut  New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury) and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.

text: The

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Tri

text: State

text: Area

text: includes

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Long

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: Mid-

text: and

text: Lower

text: Hudson

text: Valley

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: five

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Newark

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: New

text: Jersey

text: Jersey

text: City

text: Paterson

text: Elizabeth

text: and

text: Edison

text: and

text: their

text: vicinities

text: six

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: Connecticut

text: Bridgeport

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Connecticut

text: New

text: Haven

text: Stamford

text: Waterbury

text: Norwalk

text: and

text: Danbury

text: and

text: their

text: vicinities

text: and

text: five

text: counties

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Pennsylvania

text: A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land. Port locations are selected to optimize access to land and navigable water, for commercial demand, and for shelter from wind and waves. Ports with deeper water are rarer, but can handle larger ships. Since ports throughout history handled every kind of traffic, support and storage facilities vary widely, may extend for miles, and dominate the local economy. Some ports have an important military role.

text: port

text: is

text: location

text: on

text: coast

text: or

text: shore

text: containing

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: harbors

text: where

text: ships

text: can

text: dock

text: and

text: transfer

text: people

text: or

text: cargo

text: to

text: or

text: from

text: land

text: Port

text: locations

text: are

text: selected

text: to

text: optimize

text: access

text: to

text: land

text: and

text: navigable

text: water

text: for

text: commercial

text: demand

text: and

text: for

text: shelter

text: from

text: wind

text: and

text: waves

text: Ports

text: with

text: deeper

text: water

text: are

text: rarer

text: but

text: can

text: handle

text: larger

text: ships

text: Since

text: ports

text: throughout

text: history

text: handled

text: every

text: kind

text: of

text: traffic

text: support

text: and

text: storage

text: facilities

text: vary

text: widely

text: may

text: extend

text: for

text: miles

text: and

text: dominate

text: the

text: local

text: economy

text: Some

text: ports

text: have

text: an

text: important

text: military

text: role

text: Off-Off-Broadway theatrical productions in New York City are those in theatres that are smaller than Broadway and Off-Broadway theatres. Off-Off-Broadway theatres are usually theatres that have fewer than 100 seats, though the term can be used for any show in the New York City area that employs union actors but is not under an Off-Broadway, Broadway, or League of Resident Theatres contract. It is often used as a term relating to any show with non-union actors. The shows range from professional productions by established artists to small amateur performances.

text: Off

text: Off

text: Broadway

text: theatrical

text: productions

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: are

text: those

text: in

text: theatres

text: that

text: are

text: smaller

text: than

text: Broadway

text: and

text: Off

text: Broadway

text: theatres

text: Off

text: Off

text: Broadway

text: theatres

text: are

text: usually

text: theatres

text: that

text: have

text: fewer

text: than

text: seats

text: though

text: the

text: term

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: any

text: show

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: area

text: that

text: employs

text: union

text: actors

text: but

text: is

text: not

text: under

text: an

text: Off

text: Broadway

text: Broadway

text: or

text: League

text: of

text: Resident

text: Theatres

text: contract

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: as

text: term

text: relating

text: to

text: any

text: show

text: with

text: non

text: union

text: actors

text: The

text: shows

text: range

text: from

text: professional

text: productions

text: by

text: established

text: artists

text: to

text: small

text: amateur

text: performances

text: An Off-Broadway theatre is a professional venue in New York City with a seating capacity between 100 and 499. These theatres are smaller than Broadway theatres, but generally larger than Off-Off-Broadway theatres.

text: An

text: Off

text: Broadway

text: theatre

text: is

text: professional

text: venue

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: seating

text: capacity

text: between

text: and

text: These

text: theatres

text: are

text: smaller

text: than

text: Broadway

text: theatres

text: but

text: generally

text: larger

text: than

text: Off

text: Off

text: Broadway

text: theatres

text: Broadway theatre, commonly known as Broadway, refers to the theatrical performances presented in the 41 professional theatres with 500 or more seats located in the Theater District and Lincoln Center along Broadway, in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Along with London's West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world.

text: Broadway

text: theatre

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Broadway

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: theatrical

text: performances

text: presented

text: in

text: the

text: professional

text: theatres

text: with

text: or

text: more

text: seats

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Theater

text: District

text: and

text: Lincoln

text: Center

text: along

text: Broadway

text: in

text: Midtown

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Along

text: with

text: London

text: 's

text: West

text: End

text: theatres

text: Broadway

text: theatres

text: are

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: highest

text: level

text: of

text: commercial

text: theatre

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: often

text: called

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: or

text: simply

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomerations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: global

text: power

text: city

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exerts

text: significant

text: impact

text: upon

text: commerce

text: finance

text: media

text: art

text: fashion

text: research

text: technology

text: education

text: and

text: entertainment

text: its

text: fast

text: pace

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: New

text: York

text: minute

text: Home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: international

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: financial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The largest sporting venue in the world, the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, has a permanent seating capacity for more than 235,000 people and infield seating that raises capacity to an approximate 400,000.

text: Seating

text: capacity

text: is

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: can

text: be

text: seated

text: in

text: specific

text: space

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: physical

text: space

text: available

text: and

text: limitations

text: set

text: by

text: law

text: Seating

text: capacity

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: description

text: of

text: anything

text: ranging

text: from

text: an

text: automobile

text: that

text: seats

text: two

text: to

text: stadium

text: that

text: seats

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: people

text: The

text: largest

text: sporting

text: venue

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: Indianapolis

text: Motor

text: Speedway

text: has

text: permanent

text: seating

text: capacity

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: and

text: infield

text: seating

text: that

text: raises

text: capacity

text: to

text: an

text: approximate

text: The headquarters of the United Nations is a complex in New York City designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer. The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952. It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan, on spacious grounds overlooking the East River. Its borders are First Avenue on the west, East 42nd Street to the south, East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east. The term "Turtle Bay" is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole.

text: The

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: is

text: complex

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: designed

text: by

text: Brazilian

text: architect

text: Oscar

text: Niemeyer

text: The

text: complex

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: since

text: its

text: completion

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Turtle

text: Bay

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: on

text: spacious

text: grounds

text: overlooking

text: the

text: East

text: River

text: Its

text: borders

text: are

text: First

text: Avenue

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: East

text: Street

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: East

text: Street

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: River

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: term

text: Turtle

text: Bay

text: is

text: occasionally

text: used

text: as

text: metonym

text: for

text: the

text: UN

text: headquarters

text: or

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: as

text: whole

text: Playwrights Horizons is a not - for - profit Off - Broadway theater located in New York City dedicated to the support and development of contemporary American playwrights , composers , and lyricists , and to the production of their new work . Under the leadership of Artistic Director Tim Sanford and Managing Director Leslie Marcus , Playwrights Horizons continues to encourage the new work of veteran writers while nurturing an emerging generation of theater artists . Writers are supported through every stage of their growth with a series of development programs : script and score evaluations , commissions , readings , musical theater workshops , Studio and Mainstage productions . Playwrights Horizons was founded in 1971 at the Clark Center Y by Robert Moss , before moving to 42nd Street where it has been instrumental in the revitalization of Theater Row . The current building was built on the site of a former burlesque . André Bishop served as Artistic Director from 1981 to 1991 , followed by Don Scardino who served through 1995 . Playwrights Horizons ' auxiliary programs include the Playwrights Horizons Theater School , which is affiliated with NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts , and Ticket Central , a central box office that supports the off - Broadway performing arts community . In its 43 years , Playwrights Horizons has worked with over 375 writers and is the recipient of numerous awards and honors . In 2005 , it was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $ 20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation , which was made possible through a donation by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg .

text: Playwrights

text: Horizons

text: is

text: not

text: for

text: profit

text: Off

text: Broadway

text: theater

text: located

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: support

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: contemporary

text: American

text: playwrights

text: composers

text: and

text: lyricists

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: their

text: new

text: work

text: Under

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Artistic

text: Director

text: Tim

text: Sanford

text: and

text: Managing

text: Director

text: Leslie

text: Marcus

text: Playwrights

text: Horizons

text: continues

text: to

text: encourage

text: the

text: new

text: work

text: of

text: veteran

text: writers

text: while

text: nurturing

text: an

text: emerging

text: generation

text: of

text: theater

text: artists

text: Writers

text: are

text: supported

text: through

text: every

text: stage

text: of

text: their

text: growth

text: with

text: series

text: of

text: development

text: programs

text: script

text: and

text: score

text: evaluations

text: commissions

text: readings

text: musical

text: theater

text: workshops

text: Studio

text: and

text: Mainstage

text: productions

text: Playwrights

text: Horizons

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: Clark

text: Center

text: by

text: Robert

text: Moss

text: before

text: moving

text: to

text: Street

text: where

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: instrumental

text: in

text: the

text: revitalization

text: of

text: Theater

text: Row

text: The

text: current

text: building

text: was

text: built

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: former

text: burlesque

text: André

text: Bishop

text: served

text: as

text: Artistic

text: Director

text: from

text: to

text: followed

text: by

text: Don

text: Scardino

text: who

text: served

text: through

text: Playwrights

text: Horizons

text: auxiliary

text: programs

text: include

text: the

text: Playwrights

text: Horizons

text: Theater

text: School

text: which

text: is

text: affiliated

text: with

text: NYU

text: 's

text: Tisch

text: School

text: of

text: the

text: Arts

text: and

text: Ticket

text: Central

text: central

text: box

text: office

text: that

text: supports

text: the

text: off

text: Broadway

text: performing

text: arts

text: community

text: In

text: its

text: years

text: Playwrights

text: Horizons

text: has

text: worked

text: with

text: over

text: writers

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: recipient

text: of

text: numerous

text: awards

text: and

text: honors

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: among

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: arts

text: and

text: social

text: service

text: institutions

text: to

text: receive

text: part

text: of

text: million

text: grant

text: from

text: the

text: Carnegie

text: Corporation

text: which

text: was

text: made

text: possible

text: through

text: donation

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: mayor

text: Michael

text: Bloomberg

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of playwrights horizons

answer: venue

text: venue

text: venue


text: Dongye, which means the Eastern Ye, was a Korean chiefdom which occupied portions of the northeastern Korean peninsula from roughly 3rd-century BC to around early 5th-century. It bordered Goguryeo and Okjeo to the north, Jinhan to the south, and China's Lelang Commandery to the west. Today, this territory consists of the provinces of South Hamgyng and Kangwon in North Korea, and Gangwon in South Korea. It is believed to be one of the ancient tribes that were formed into the Tungusic peoples.

text: Dongye

text: which

text: means

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Ye

text: was

text: Korean

text: chiefdom

text: which

text: occupied

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: northeastern

text: Korean

text: peninsula

text: from

text: roughly

text: century

text: BC

text: to

text: around

text: early

text: century

text: It

text: bordered

text: Goguryeo

text: and

text: Okjeo

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Jinhan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: China

text: 's

text: Lelang

text: Commandery

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Today

text: this

text: territory

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: South

text: Hamgyng

text: and

text: Kangwon

text: in

text: North

text: Korea

text: and

text: Gangwon

text: in

text: South

text: Korea

text: It

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: tribes

text: that

text: were

text: formed

text: into

text: the

text: Tungusic

text: peoples

text: The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the east, and the Yellow Sea (West Sea) to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water.

text: The

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: is

text: peninsula

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: It

text: extends

text: southwards

text: for

text: about

text: from

text: continental

text: Asia

text: into

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Japan

text: East

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: West

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Korea

text: Strait

text: connecting

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: Silla (57 BC  935 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, and one of the world's longest sustained dynasties. Although it was founded by King Park Hyeokgeose, the dynasty was ruled by the Gyeongju Kim (, ) clan for most of its 992-year history. It began as a chiefdom in the Samhan confederacies, once allied with China, but Silla eventually conquered the other two kingdoms, Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668. Thereafter, Unified Silla or Later Silla, as it is often referred to, occupied most of the Korean Peninsula, while the northern part re-emerged as Balhae, a successor-state of Goguryeo. After nearly 1000 years of rule, Silla fragmented into the brief Later Three Kingdoms, Silla, Hubaekje, and Taebong, handing over power to its successor dynasty Goryeo in 935.

text: Silla

text: BC

text: AD

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Korea

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: sustained

text: dynasties

text: Although

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: King

text: Park

text: Hyeokgeose

text: the

text: dynasty

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Gyeongju

text: Kim

text: clan

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: It

text: began

text: as

text: chiefdom

text: in

text: the

text: Samhan

text: confederacies

text: once

text: allied

text: with

text: China

text: but

text: Silla

text: eventually

text: conquered

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: kingdoms

text: Baekje

text: in

text: and

text: Goguryeo

text: in

text: Thereafter

text: Unified

text: Silla

text: or

text: Later

text: Silla

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: occupied

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: while

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: re

text: emerged

text: as

text: Balhae

text: successor

text: state

text: of

text: Goguryeo

text: After

text: nearly

text: years

text: of

text: rule

text: Silla

text: fragmented

text: into

text: the

text: brief

text: Later

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: Silla

text: Hubaekje

text: and

text: Taebong

text: handing

text: over

text: power

text: to

text: its

text: successor

text: dynasty

text: Goryeo

text: in

text: Manchuria is a modern name, first created by Japanese, given to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia. Depending on the context, Manchuria can either refer to a region that falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or a larger region divided between China and Russia. The region that falls entirely within modern China is now usually referred to as Northeast China in China, although "Manchuria" is widely used outside of China to denote the geographical and historical region. This region is the traditional homeland of the Xianbei, Khitan, and Jurchen (later called Manchu) peoples, who built several states historically, although no term for "Manchuria" exists in the Manchu language, which originally referred to the area as the "Three Eastern Provinces".

text: Manchuria

text: is

text: modern

text: name

text: first

text: created

text: by

text: Japanese

text: given

text: to

text: large

text: geographic

text: region

text: in

text: Northeast

text: Asia

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: context

text: Manchuria

text: can

text: either

text: refer

text: to

text: region

text: that

text: falls

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: or

text: larger

text: region

text: divided

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: Russia

text: The

text: region

text: that

text: falls

text: entirely

text: within

text: modern

text: China

text: is

text: now

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Northeast

text: China

text: in

text: China

text: although

text: Manchuria

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: outside

text: of

text: China

text: to

text: denote

text: the

text: geographical

text: and

text: historical

text: region

text: This

text: region

text: is

text: the

text: traditional

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: Xianbei

text: Khitan

text: and

text: Jurchen

text: later

text: called

text: Manchu

text: peoples

text: who

text: built

text: several

text: states

text: historically

text: although

text: no

text: term

text: for

text: Manchuria

text: exists

text: in

text: the

text: Manchu

text: language

text: which

text: originally

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: as

text: the

text: Three

text: Eastern

text: Provinces

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Baekje or Paekche (18 BC  660 AD) was a kingdom located in southwest Korea. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla.

text: Baekje

text: or

text: Paekche

text: BC

text: AD

text: was

text: kingdom

text: located

text: in

text: southwest

text: Korea

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Korea

text: together

text: with

text: Goguryeo

text: and

text: Silla

text: The concept of the Three Kingdoms of Korea refers to the three kingdoms of Baekje (), Silla () and Goguryeo (), which was later known as Goryeo (), from which the name "Korea" is derived. The Three Kingdoms period was defined as being from 57 BC to 668 AD (but there existed about 78 tribal states in the southern region of Korean peninsula and relatively big states like Okjeo, Buyeo, and Dongye in its northern part and Manchuria).

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Korea

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: three

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Baekje

text: Silla

text: and

text: Goguryeo

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Goryeo

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: name

text: Korea

text: is

text: derived

text: The

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: period

text: was

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: from

text: BC

text: to

text: AD

text: but

text: there

text: existed

text: about

text: tribal

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: Korean

text: peninsula

text: and

text: relatively

text: big

text: states

text: like

text: Okjeo

text: Buyeo

text: and

text: Dongye

text: in

text: its

text: northern

text: part

text: and

text: Manchuria

text: The Three Kingdoms (AD 220280) was the tripartite division of China between the states of Wei, Shu, and Wu, following the Han dynasty and preceding the Jin dynasty. The term "Three Kingdoms" itself is something of a mistranslation, since each state was eventually headed not by a king, but by an emperor who claimed legitimate succession from the Han dynasty. Nevertheless, the term "Three Kingdoms" has become standard among sinologists. To further distinguish the three states from other historical Chinese states of similar names, historians have added a relevant character: Wei is also known as Cao Wei, Shu is also known as Shu Han, and Wu is also known as Dong (or Eastern) Wu.

text: The

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: AD

text: was

text: the

text: tripartite

text: division

text: of

text: China

text: between

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Wei

text: Shu

text: and

text: Wu

text: following

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: and

text: preceding

text: the

text: Jin

text: dynasty

text: The

text: term

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: itself

text: is

text: something

text: of

text: mistranslation

text: since

text: each

text: state

text: was

text: eventually

text: headed

text: not

text: by

text: king

text: but

text: by

text: an

text: emperor

text: who

text: claimed

text: legitimate

text: succession

text: from

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: term

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: has

text: become

text: standard

text: among

text: sinologists

text: To

text: further

text: distinguish

text: the

text: three

text: states

text: from

text: other

text: historical

text: Chinese

text: states

text: of

text: similar

text: names

text: historians

text: have

text: added

text: relevant

text: character

text: Wei

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Cao

text: Wei

text: Shu

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Shu

text: Han

text: and

text: Wu

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Dong

text: or

text: Eastern

text: Wu

text: Goguryeo (, 37 BCE668 CE) or Goryeo, was one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea, located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of inner and outer Manchuria. Goguryeo was an active participant in the power struggle for control of the Korean peninsula and was also associated with the foreign affairs of neighboring polities in China and Japan.

text: Goguryeo

text: CE

text: or

text: Goryeo

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Korea

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: and

text: central

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: and

text: central

text: parts

text: of

text: inner

text: and

text: outer

text: Manchuria

text: Goguryeo

text: was

text: an

text: active

text: participant

text: in

text: the

text: power

text: struggle

text: for

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: peninsula

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: of

text: neighboring

text: polities

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: Japan

text: Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea") and South Korea (officially the "Republic of Korea"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea.

text: Korea

text: is

text: historical

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: since

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: distinct

text: sovereign

text: states

text: North

text: Korea

text: officially

text: the

text: Democratic

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: Korea

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Japan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Korea

text: Strait

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: Sea

text: King Sosurim of Goguryeo ( died 384 ) ( r. 371 -- 384 ) was the 17th ruler of Goguryeo , the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea . He was the son of King Gogugwon .

text: King

text: Sosurim

text: of

text: Goguryeo

text: died

text: was

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: Goguryeo

text: the

text: northernmost

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Korea

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: King

text: Gogugwon

text: Goryeo, also spelled as Kory (9181392), was a Korean dynasty established in 918 by King Taejo. This kingdom later gave name to the modern exonym "Korea". It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean Peninsula until it was removed by the founder of the Joseon in 1392. Goryeo expanded Korea's borders to present-day Wonsan in the northeast (936943), the Yalu River (993) and finally almost the whole of the Korean Peninsula (1374).

text: Goryeo

text: also

text: spelled

text: as

text: Kory

text: was

text: Korean

text: dynasty

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: King

text: Taejo

text: This

text: kingdom

text: later

text: gave

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: exonym

text: Korea

text: It

text: united

text: the

text: Later

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: in

text: and

text: ruled

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: removed

text: by

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Joseon

text: in

text: Goryeo

text: expanded

text: Korea

text: 's

text: borders

text: to

text: present

text: day

text: Wonsan

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Yalu

text: River

text: and

text: finally

text: almost

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: country_of_citizenship sosurim of goguryeo

answer: south korea

text: south korea

text: south korea


text: Ladislav Brožek (born 1952) is a Slovak astronomer. At the Bohemian Kle Observatory, he discovered a total of 23 minor planets between 1979 and 1982, as credited by the Minor Planet Center.

text: Ladislav

text: Brožek

text: born

text: is

text: Slovak

text: astronomer

text: At

text: the

text: Bohemian

text: Kle

text: Observatory

text: he

text: discovered

text: total

text: of

text: minor

text: planets

text: between

text: and

text: as

text: credited

text: by

text: the

text: Minor

text: Planet

text: Center

text: 2696 Magion ( 1980 HB ) is a main - belt asteroid discovered on April 16 , 1980 by Ladislav Brožek at Kle . Photometric measurements of the asteroid made in 2007 at the Modra Observatory in Slovakia showed a light curve with a period of roughly 480 ± 6 hours and a brightness variation of 0.31 in magnitude .

text: Magion

text: HB

text: is

text: main

text: belt

text: asteroid

text: discovered

text: on

text: April

text: by

text: Ladislav

text: Brožek

text: at

text: Kle

text: Photometric

text: measurements

text: of

text: the

text: asteroid

text: made

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: Modra

text: Observatory

text: in

text: Slovakia

text: showed

text: light

text: curve

text: with

text: period

text: of

text: roughly

text: hours

text: and

text: brightness

text: variation

text: of

text: in

text: magnitude

text: The Astronomical Observatory of Modra, also known as Modra Observatory or the Astronomical and Geophysical observatory in Modra, is an astronomical observatory located in Modra, Slovakia. It is owned and operated by the Comenius University in Bratislava. The scientific research at the observatory is led by the Department of Astronomy, Physics of the Earth and Meteorology, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics.

text: The

text: Astronomical

text: Observatory

text: of

text: Modra

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Modra

text: Observatory

text: or

text: the

text: Astronomical

text: and

text: Geophysical

text: observatory

text: in

text: Modra

text: is

text: an

text: astronomical

text: observatory

text: located

text: in

text: Modra

text: Slovakia

text: It

text: is

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Comenius

text: University

text: in

text: Bratislava

text: The

text: scientific

text: research

text: at

text: the

text: observatory

text: is

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Astronomy

text: Physics

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: and

text: Meteorology

text: Faculty

text: of

text: Mathematics

text: Physics

text: and

text: Informatics

text: Kle Observatory is an astronomical observatory in the Czech Republic. It is situated in South Bohemia, south of the summit of Mount Kle, near the town of eské Budjovice. Constructed in 1957, the observatory is at an altitude of and has around 150 clear nights per year.

text: Kle

text: Observatory

text: is

text: an

text: astronomical

text: observatory

text: in

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: South

text: Bohemia

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: summit

text: of

text: Mount

text: Kle

text: near

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: eské

text: Budjovice

text: Constructed

text: in

text: the

text: observatory

text: is

text: at

text: an

text: altitude

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: around

text: clear

text: nights

text: per

text: year

text: The Minor Planet Center (MPC) is the official worldwide organization in charge of collecting observational data for minor planets (such as asteroids) and comets, calculating their orbits and publishing this information via the "Minor Planet Circulars". Under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union, it operates at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, which is part of the Center for Astrophysics along with the Harvard College Observatory.

text: The

text: Minor

text: Planet

text: Center

text: MPC

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: worldwide

text: organization

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: collecting

text: observational

text: data

text: for

text: minor

text: planets

text: such

text: as

text: asteroids

text: and

text: comets

text: calculating

text: their

text: orbits

text: and

text: publishing

text: this

text: information

text: via

text: the

text: Minor

text: Planet

text: Circulars

text: Under

text: the

text: auspices

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Astronomical

text: Union

text: it

text: operates

text: at

text: the

text: Smithsonian

text: Astrophysical

text: Observatory

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Center

text: for

text: Astrophysics

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Harvard

text: College

text: Observatory

annotations: likely single

question: site_of_astronomical_discovery 2696 magion

answer: kleť observatory


text: The Kingdom of Majorca (; ) was founded by James I of Aragon, also known as "James The Conqueror". After the death of his firstborn son Alfonso, a will was written in 1262 and created the kingdom to cede it to his son James. The disposition was maintained during successive versions of his will and so when James I died in 1276, the Crown of Aragon passed to his eldest son Peter, known as Peter III of Aragon or "Peter the Great". The Kingdom of Majorca passed to James, who reigned under the name of James II of Majorca. After 1279, Peter III of Aragon established that the king of Majorca was a vassal to the king of Aragon. The title continued to be employed by the Aragonese and Spanish monarchs until its dissolution by the 1715 Nueva Planta decrees.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Majorca

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: James

text: of

text: Aragon

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: James

text: The

text: Conqueror

text: After

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: his

text: firstborn

text: son

text: Alfonso

text: will

text: was

text: written

text: in

text: and

text: created

text: the

text: kingdom

text: to

text: cede

text: it

text: to

text: his

text: son

text: James

text: The

text: disposition

text: was

text: maintained

text: during

text: successive

text: versions

text: of

text: his

text: will

text: and

text: so

text: when

text: James

text: died

text: in

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Aragon

text: passed

text: to

text: his

text: eldest

text: son

text: Peter

text: known

text: as

text: Peter

text: III

text: of

text: Aragon

text: or

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Majorca

text: passed

text: to

text: James

text: who

text: reigned

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: James

text: II

text: of

text: Majorca

text: After

text: Peter

text: III

text: of

text: Aragon

text: established

text: that

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: Majorca

text: was

text: vassal

text: to

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: Aragon

text: The

text: title

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: employed

text: by

text: the

text: Aragonese

text: and

text: Spanish

text: monarchs

text: until

text: its

text: dissolution

text: by

text: the

text: Nueva

text: Planta

text: decrees

text: Constantinople  was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (3301204 and 12611453), and also of the brief Latin (12041261), and the later Ottoman (14531923) empires. It was reinaugurated in 324 AD from ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman Empire by Emperor Constantine the Great, after whom it was named, and dedicated on 11 May 330 AD.

text: Constantinople

text: was

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: and

text: and

text: also

text: of

text: the

text: brief

text: Latin

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: Ottoman

text: empires

text: It

text: was

text: reinaugurated

text: in

text: AD

text: from

text: ancient

text: Byzantium

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: by

text: Emperor

text: Constantine

text: the

text: Great

text: after

text: whom

text: it

text: was

text: named

text: and

text: dedicated

text: on

text: May

text: AD

text: The Empire of Romania, more commonly known in historiography as the Latin Empire or Latin Empire of Constantinople, and known to the Byzantines as the Latin Occupation, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. It was established after the capture of Constantinople in 1204 and lasted until 1261. The Latin Empire was intended to supplant the Byzantine Empire as the titular Roman Empire in the east, with a Western Roman Catholic emperor enthroned in place of the Eastern Orthodox Roman emperors. Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders, was crowned the first Latin emperor as Baldwin I on 16 May 1204. The Latin Empire failed to attain political or economic dominance over the other Latin powers that had been established in former Byzantine territories in the wake of the Fourth Crusade, especially Venice, and after a short initial period of military successes it went into a steady decline. Weakened by constant warfare with the Bulgarians and the unconquered sections of the empire, it eventually fell when Byzantines recaptured Constantinople under Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1261. The last Latin emperor, Baldwin II, went into exile, but the imperial title survived, with several pretenders to it, until the 14th century.

text: The

text: Empire

text: of

text: Romania

text: more

text: commonly

text: known

text: in

text: historiography

text: as

text: the

text: Latin

text: Empire

text: or

text: Latin

text: Empire

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: and

text: known

text: to

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: as

text: the

text: Latin

text: Occupation

text: was

text: feudal

text: Crusader

text: state

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Crusade

text: on

text: lands

text: captured

text: from

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: after

text: the

text: capture

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: in

text: and

text: lasted

text: until

text: The

text: Latin

text: Empire

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: supplant

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: as

text: the

text: titular

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: emperor

text: enthroned

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Roman

text: emperors

text: Baldwin

text: IX

text: Count

text: of

text: Flanders

text: was

text: crowned

text: the

text: first

text: Latin

text: emperor

text: as

text: Baldwin

text: on

text: May

text: The

text: Latin

text: Empire

text: failed

text: to

text: attain

text: political

text: or

text: economic

text: dominance

text: over

text: the

text: other

text: Latin

text: powers

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: former

text: Byzantine

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Crusade

text: especially

text: Venice

text: and

text: after

text: short

text: initial

text: period

text: of

text: military

text: successes

text: it

text: went

text: into

text: steady

text: decline

text: Weakened

text: by

text: constant

text: warfare

text: with

text: the

text: Bulgarians

text: and

text: the

text: unconquered

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: it

text: eventually

text: fell

text: when

text: Byzantines

text: recaptured

text: Constantinople

text: under

text: Emperor

text: Michael

text: VIII

text: Palaiologos

text: in

text: The

text: last

text: Latin

text: emperor

text: Baldwin

text: II

text: went

text: into

text: exile

text: but

text: the

text: imperial

text: title

text: survived

text: with

text: several

text: pretenders

text: to

text: it

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: Peter the Great (; 1239  11 November 1285) was the King of Aragon (as Peter III) of Valencia (as Peter I), and Count of Barcelona (as Peter II) from 1276 to his death, (monarch of the union of kingdoms called the Crown of Aragon). At the invitation of some rebels, he conquered Sicily and became its king in 1282, pressing the claim of his wife, Constance of Hohenstaufen. He was one of the greatest of medieval Aragonese monarchs.

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: November

text: was

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Aragon

text: as

text: Peter

text: III

text: of

text: Valencia

text: as

text: Peter

text: and

text: Count

text: of

text: Barcelona

text: as

text: Peter

text: II

text: from

text: to

text: his

text: death

text: monarch

text: of

text: the

text: union

text: of

text: kingdoms

text: called

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Aragon

text: At

text: the

text: invitation

text: of

text: some

text: rebels

text: he

text: conquered

text: Sicily

text: and

text: became

text: its

text: king

text: in

text: pressing

text: the

text: claim

text: of

text: his

text: wife

text: Constance

text: of

text: Hohenstaufen

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: of

text: medieval

text: Aragonese

text: monarchs

text: The Principality of Achaea or of the Morea was one of the three vassal states of the Latin Empire which replaced the Byzantine Empire after the capture of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. It became a vassal of the Kingdom of Thessalonica, along with the Duchy of Athens, until Thessalonica was captured by Theodore, the despot of Epirus, in 1224. After this, Achaea became for a while the dominant power in Greece.

text: The

text: Principality

text: of

text: Achaea

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: Morea

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: vassal

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: Empire

text: which

text: replaced

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: after

text: the

text: capture

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: during

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Crusade

text: It

text: became

text: vassal

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Thessalonica

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Athens

text: until

text: Thessalonica

text: was

text: captured

text: by

text: Theodore

text: the

text: despot

text: of

text: Epirus

text: in

text: After

text: this

text: Achaea

text: became

text: for

text: while

text: the

text: dominant

text: power

text: in

text: Greece

text: The Duchy of Athens (Greek:  , Catalan: "Ducat d'Atenes") was one of the Crusader states set up in Greece after the conquest of the Byzantine Empire during the Fourth Crusade, encompassing the regions of Attica and Boeotia, and surviving until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century.

text: The

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Athens

text: Greek

text: Catalan

text: Ducat

text: d'Atenes

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Crusader

text: states

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: Greece

text: after

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: during

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Crusade

text: encompassing

text: the

text: regions

text: of

text: Attica

text: and

text: Boeotia

text: and

text: surviving

text: until

text: its

text: conquest

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: James I the Conqueror (Catalan: "Jaume el Conqueridor", Aragonese: "Chaime lo Conqueridor", Occitan: "Jacme lo Conquistaire", Spanish: "Jaime el Conquistador"; 2 February 1208  27 July 1276) was King of Aragon, Count of Barcelona, and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276; King of Majorca from 1231 to 1276; and Valencia from 1238 to 1276. His long reign -the longest of any Iberian monarch- saw the expansion of the House of Aragon in three directions: Languedoc to the north, the Balearic Islands to the south, and Valencia to the southwest. By a treaty with Louis IX of France, he wrested the county of Barcelona from nominal French suzerainty and integrated it into his crown. His part in the Reconquista was similar in Mediterranean Spain to that of his contemporary Ferdinand III of Castile in Andalusia.

text: James

text: the

text: Conqueror

text: Catalan

text: Jaume

text: el

text: Conqueridor

text: Aragonese

text: Chaime

text: lo

text: Conqueridor

text: Occitan

text: Jacme

text: lo

text: Conquistaire

text: Spanish

text: Jaime

text: el

text: Conquistador

text: February

text: July

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: Aragon

text: Count

text: of

text: Barcelona

text: and

text: Lord

text: of

text: Montpellier

text: from

text: to

text: King

text: of

text: Majorca

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: Valencia

text: from

text: to

text: His

text: long

text: reign

text: -the

text: longest

text: of

text: any

text: Iberian

text: monarch-

text: saw

text: the

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Aragon

text: in

text: three

text: directions

text: Languedoc

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Valencia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: By

text: treaty

text: with

text: Louis

text: IX

text: of

text: France

text: he

text: wrested

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Barcelona

text: from

text: nominal

text: French

text: suzerainty

text: and

text: integrated

text: it

text: into

text: his

text: crown

text: His

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: Reconquista

text: was

text: similar

text: in

text: Mediterranean

text: Spain

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: his

text: contemporary

text: Ferdinand

text: III

text: of

text: Castile

text: in

text: Andalusia

text: James of Majorca ( c. 1336 -- 20 January 1375 ) unsuccessfully claimed the thrones of the Kingdom of Majorca and the Principality of Achaea from 1349 until his death . He served as king consort of Naples , as such being excluded from government .

text: James

text: of

text: Majorca

text: January

text: unsuccessfully

text: claimed

text: the

text: thrones

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Majorca

text: and

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Achaea

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: king

text: consort

text: of

text: Naples

text: as

text: such

text: being

text: excluded

text: from

text: government

text: The Fourth Crusade (120204) was a Western European armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III, originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, a sequence of events culminated in the Crusaders sacking the city of Constantinople, the capital of the Christian-controlled Byzantine Empire.

text: The

text: Fourth

text: Crusade

text: was

text: Western

text: European

text: armed

text: expedition

text: called

text: by

text: Pope

text: Innocent

text: III

text: originally

text: intended

text: to

text: conquer

text: Muslim

text: controlled

text: Jerusalem

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: an

text: invasion

text: through

text: Egypt

text: Instead

text: sequence

text: of

text: events

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: Crusaders

text: sacking

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Constantinople

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: controlled

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: The Nueva Planta decrees were a number of decrees signed between 1707 and 1716 by Philip Vthe first Bourbon King of Spainduring and shortly after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession by the Treaty of Utrecht.

text: The

text: Nueva

text: Planta

text: decrees

text: were

text: number

text: of

text: decrees

text: signed

text: between

text: and

text: by

text: Philip

text: Vthe

text: first

text: Bourbon

text: King

text: of

text: Spainduring

text: and

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Succession

text: by

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: Majorca or Mallorca (or  ) is the largest island in the Balearic Islands archipelago, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean.

text: Majorca

text: or

text: Mallorca

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: archipelago

text: which

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: Spain

text: and

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: The Kingdom of Thessalonica was a short-lived Crusader State founded after the Fourth Crusade over conquered Byzantine lands in Macedonia and Thessaly.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Thessalonica

text: was

text: short

text: lived

text: Crusader

text: State

text: founded

text: after

text: the

text: Fourth

text: Crusade

text: over

text: conquered

text: Byzantine

text: lands

text: in

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: Thessaly

text: Achaea or Achaia, sometimes transliterated from Greek as Akhaïa ("Achaïa"), is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of West Greece and is situated in the northwestern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. The capital is Patras. Since 2001, the population has exceeded 300,000.

text: Achaea

text: or

text: Achaia

text: sometimes

text: transliterated

text: from

text: Greek

text: as

text: Akhaïa

text: Achaïa

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: regional

text: units

text: of

text: Greece

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: West

text: Greece

text: and

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: northwestern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: peninsula

text: The

text: capital

text: is

text: Patras

text: Since

text: the

text: population

text: has

text: exceeded

text: The Morea (or , , ) was the name of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. The name was used for the Byzantine province known as the Despotate of the Morea, by the Ottoman Empire for the Morea Eyalet, and by the Republic of Venice for the short-lived Kingdom of the Morea.

text: The

text: Morea

text: or

text: was

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: peninsula

text: in

text: southern

text: Greece

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: name

text: was

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: province

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Despotate

text: of

text: the

text: Morea

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: for

text: the

text: Morea

text: Eyalet

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Venice

text: for

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Morea

text: The Crown of Aragon was a composite monarchy, also nowadays referred to as a confederation of individual polities or kingdoms ruled by one king, with a personal and dynastic union of the Kingdom of Aragon and the County of Barcelona. At the height of its power in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Crown of Aragon was a thalassocracy (a state with primarily maritime realms) controlling a large portion of present-day eastern Spain, parts of what is now southern France, and a Mediterranean "empire" which included the Balearic Islands, Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta, Southern Italy (from 1442) and parts of Greece (until 1388). The component realms of the Crown were not united politically except at the level of the king, who ruled over each autonomous polity according to its own laws, raising funds under each tax structure, dealing separately with each "Corts" or "Cortes". Put in contemporary terms, it has sometimes been considered that the different lands of the Crown of Aragon (mainly the Kingdom of Aragon, the Principality of Catalonia and the Kingdom of Valencia) functioned more as a confederation than as a single kingdom. In this sense, the larger Crown of Aragon must not be confused with one of its constituent parts, the Kingdom of Aragon, from which it takes its name.

text: The

text: Crown

text: of

text: Aragon

text: was

text: composite

text: monarchy

text: also

text: nowadays

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: confederation

text: of

text: individual

text: polities

text: or

text: kingdoms

text: ruled

text: by

text: one

text: king

text: with

text: personal

text: and

text: dynastic

text: union

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Aragon

text: and

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Barcelona

text: At

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: its

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Aragon

text: was

text: thalassocracy

text: state

text: with

text: primarily

text: maritime

text: realms

text: controlling

text: large

text: portion

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: eastern

text: Spain

text: parts

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: southern

text: France

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: empire

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: Sicily

text: Corsica

text: Sardinia

text: Malta

text: Southern

text: Italy

text: from

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Greece

text: until

text: The

text: component

text: realms

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: were

text: not

text: united

text: politically

text: except

text: at

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: who

text: ruled

text: over

text: each

text: autonomous

text: polity

text: according

text: to

text: its

text: own

text: laws

text: raising

text: funds

text: under

text: each

text: tax

text: structure

text: dealing

text: separately

text: with

text: each

text: Corts

text: or

text: Cortes

text: Put

text: in

text: contemporary

text: terms

text: it

text: has

text: sometimes

text: been

text: considered

text: that

text: the

text: different

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Aragon

text: mainly

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Aragon

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Catalonia

text: and

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Valencia

text: functioned

text: more

text: as

text: confederation

text: than

text: as

text: single

text: kingdom

text: In

text: this

text: sense

text: the

text: larger

text: Crown

text: of

text: Aragon

text: must

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: parts

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Aragon

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the "Roman Empire" (tr. ), or "Romania", and to themselves as "Romans".

text: The

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: during

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: when

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: Constantinople

text: modern

text: day

text: Istanbul

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: founded

text: as

text: Byzantium

text: It

text: survived

text: the

text: fragmentation

text: and

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: and

text: continued

text: to

text: exist

text: for

text: an

text: additional

text: thousand

text: years

text: until

text: it

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Turks

text: in

text: During

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: economic

text: cultural

text: and

text: military

text: force

text: in

text: Europe

text: Both

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: are

text: historiographical

text: terms

text: created

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: realm

text: its

text: citizens

text: continued

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: their

text: empire

text: as

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: tr

text: or

text: Romania

text: and

text: to

text: themselves

text: as

text: Romans

text:
Greece (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ' ), historically also known as Hellas ("" ), is a country in southeastern Europe.
Greece's population is approximately 10.955 million as of 2015. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.

text: Greece

text: officially

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: Republic

text: Greek

text: historically

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Hellas

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: Greece

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: approximately

text: million

text: as

text: of

text: Athens

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: followed

text: by

text: Thessaloniki

text: A king consort (also Emperor consort) is an alternative title to the more usual "prince consort"  which is a position given in some monarchies to the husband of a reigning queen.

text: king

text: consort

text: also

text: Emperor

text: consort

text: is

text: an

text: alternative

text: title

text: to

text: the

text: more

text: usual

text: prince

text: consort

text: which

text: is

text: position

text: given

text: in

text: some

text: monarchies

text: to

text: the

text: husband

text: of

text: reigning

text: queen

text: A vassal or feudatory is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. The obligations often included military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief. The term is applied to similar arrangements in other feudal societies.

text: vassal

text: or

text: feudatory

text: is

text: person

text: regarded

text: as

text: having

text: mutual

text: obligation

text: to

text: lord

text: or

text: monarch

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: the

text: feudal

text: system

text: in

text: medieval

text: Europe

text: The

text: obligations

text: often

text: included

text: military

text: support

text: and

text: mutual

text: protection

text: in

text: exchange

text: for

text: certain

text: privileges

text: usually

text: including

text: land

text: held

text: as

text: tenant

text: or

text: fief

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: applied

text: to

text: similar

text: arrangements

text: in

text: other

text: feudal

text: societies

text: James II (31 May 1243  29 May 1311) was King of Majorca and Lord of Montpellier from 1276 until his death. He was the second son of James I of Aragon and his wife, Violant, daughter of Andrew II of Hungary. In 1279, by the Treaty of Perpignan, he became a vassal of the Crown of Aragon.

text: James

text: II

text: May

text: May

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: Majorca

text: and

text: Lord

text: of

text: Montpellier

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: son

text: of

text: James

text: of

text: Aragon

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Violant

text: daughter

text: of

text: Andrew

text: II

text: of

text: Hungary

text: In

text: by

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Perpignan

text: he

text: became

text: vassal

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Aragon

text: A prince consort is the husband of a queen regnant who is not himself a king in his own right.

text: prince

text: consort

text: is

text: the

text: husband

text: of

text: queen

text: regnant

text: who

text: is

text: not

text: himself

text: king

text: in

text: his

text: own

text: right

question: place_of_birth james iv of majorca

answer: montpellier

text: montpellier

text: montpellier


text: The Horn of Africa (, "yäafrika qänd", "al-qarn al-'afrq") (shortened to HOA) is a peninsula in Northeast Africa. It juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. The area is the easternmost projection of the African continent. The Horn of Africa denotes the region containing the countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia.

text: The

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: yäafrika

text: qänd

text: al

text: qarn

text: al-'afrq

text: shortened

text: to

text: HOA

text: is

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Northeast

text: Africa

text: It

text: juts

text: hundreds

text: of

text: kilometers

text: into

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: and

text: lies

text: along

text: the

text: southern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: easternmost

text: projection

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: The

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: denotes

text: the

text: region

text: containing

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Djibouti

text: Eritrea

text: Ethiopia

text: and

text: Somalia

text: The Ojibwe, Ojibwa, or Chippewa are an Anishinaabeg group of indigenous peoples in North America. They live in Canada and the United States and are one of the largest Indigenous ethnic groups north of the Rio Grande. In Canada, they are the second-largest First Nations population, surpassed only by the Cree. In the United States, they have the fourth-largest population among Native American tribes, surpassed only by the Navajo, Cherokee, and Lakota-Dakota-Nakota peoples.

text: The

text: Ojibwe

text: Ojibwa

text: or

text: Chippewa

text: are

text: an

text: Anishinaabeg

text: group

text: of

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: They

text: live

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: Indigenous

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Rio

text: Grande

text: In

text: Canada

text: they

text: are

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: First

text: Nations

text: population

text: surpassed

text: only

text: by

text: the

text: Cree

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: they

text: have

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: population

text: among

text: Native

text: American

text: tribes

text: surpassed

text: only

text: by

text: the

text: Navajo

text: Cherokee

text: and

text: Lakota

text: Dakota

text: Nakota

text: peoples

text:
Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type. Temperate grassland regions include the Pampas of Argentina, southern Brazil and Uruguay as well as the steppes of Eurasia.
Lands typically referred to as "prairie" tend to be in North America. The term encompasses the area referred to as the Interior Lowlands of Canada, the United States, and Mexico, which includes all of the Great Plains as well as the wetter, somewhat hillier land to the east. In the U.S., the area is constituted by most or all of the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Oklahoma, and sizable parts of the states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, and western and southern Minnesota. The Central Valley of California is also a prairie. The Canadian Prairies occupy vast areas of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.

text: Prairies

text: are

text: ecosystems

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: temperate

text: grasslands

text: savannas

text: and

text: shrublands

text: biome

text: by

text: ecologists

text: based

text: on

text: similar

text: temperate

text: climates

text: moderate

text: rainfall

text: and

text: composition

text: of

text: grasses

text: herbs

text: and

text: shrubs

text: rather

text: than

text: trees

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: vegetation

text: type

text: Temperate

text: grassland

text: regions

text: include

text: the

text: Pampas

text: of

text: Argentina

text: southern

text: Brazil

text: and

text: Uruguay

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: steppes

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Lands

text: typically

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: prairie

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: term

text: encompasses

text: the

text: area

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Interior

text: Lowlands

text: of

text: Canada

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Mexico

text: which

text: includes

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Plains

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: wetter

text: somewhat

text: hillier

text: land

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: U.S.

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: constituted

text: by

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: North

text: Dakota

text: South

text: Dakota

text: Nebraska

text: Kansas

text: and

text: Oklahoma

text: and

text: sizable

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Montana

text: Wyoming

text: Colorado

text: New

text: Mexico

text: Texas

text: Missouri

text: Iowa

text: Illinois

text: Ohio

text: Indiana

text: Wisconsin

text: and

text: western

text: and

text: southern

text: Minnesota

text: The

text: Central

text: Valley

text: of

text: California

text: is

text: also

text: prairie

text: The

text: Canadian

text: Prairies

text: occupy

text: vast

text: areas

text: of

text: Manitoba

text: Saskatchewan

text: and

text: Alberta

text: Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.

text: Scandinavia

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: region

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: characterized

text: by

text: common

text: ethnocultural

text: North

text: Germanic

text: heritage

text: and

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: North

text: Germanic

text: languages

text:
Minnesota (locally ) is a state in the midwestern and northern regions of the United States. Minnesota was admitted as the 32nd U.S. state on May 11, 1858, created from the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory. The state has a large number of lakes, and is known by the slogan "Land of 10,000 Lakes". Its official motto is "L'Étoile du Nord" (French: "Star of the North").
Minnesota is the 12th largest in area and the 21st most populous of the U.S. states; nearly 60 percent of its residents live in the MinneapolisSaint Paul metropolitan area (known as the "Twin Cities"), the center of transportation, business, industry, education, and government and home to an internationally known arts community. The remainder of the state consists of western prairies now given over to intensive agriculture; deciduous forests in the southeast, now partially cleared, farmed and settled; and the less populated North Woods, used for mining, forestry, and recreation.
Minnesota is known for its progressive political orientation and its high rate of civic participation and voter turnout. Until European settlement, Minnesota was inhabited by the Dakota and Ojibwe/Anishinaabe. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the large majority of the European settlers emigrated from Scandinavia and Germany, and the state remains a center of Scandinavian American and German American culture. In recent decades, immigration from Asia, the Horn of Africa, and Latin America has broadened its historic demographic and cultural composition. Minnesota's standard of living index is among the highest in the United States, and the state is also among the best-educated and wealthiest in the nation.

text: Minnesota

text: locally

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: midwestern

text: and

text: northern

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Minnesota

text: was

text: admitted

text: as

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: on

text: May

text: created

text: from

text: the

text: eastern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Minnesota

text: Territory

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: lakes

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: slogan

text: Land

text: of

text: Lakes

text: Its

text: official

text: motto

text: is

text: L'Étoile

text: du

text: Nord

text: French

text: Star

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Minnesota

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: nearly

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: residents

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: MinneapolisSaint

text: Paul

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Twin

text: Cities

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: transportation

text: business

text: industry

text: education

text: and

text: government

text: and

text: home

text: to

text: an

text: internationally

text: known

text: arts

text: community

text: The

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: consists

text: of

text: western

text: prairies

text: now

text: given

text: over

text: to

text: intensive

text: agriculture

text: deciduous

text: forests

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: now

text: partially

text: cleared

text: farmed

text: and

text: settled

text: and

text: the

text: less

text: populated

text: North

text: Woods

text: used

text: for

text: mining

text: forestry

text: and

text: recreation

text: Minnesota

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: progressive

text: political

text: orientation

text: and

text: its

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: civic

text: participation

text: and

text: voter

text: turnout

text: Until

text: European

text: settlement

text: Minnesota

text: was

text: inhabited

text: by

text: the

text: Dakota

text: and

text: Ojibwe

text: Anishinaabe

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: the

text: large

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: settlers

text: emigrated

text: from

text: Scandinavia

text: and

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: remains

text: center

text: of

text: Scandinavian

text: American

text: and

text: German

text: American

text: culture

text: In

text: recent

text: decades

text: immigration

text: from

text: Asia

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: has

text: broadened

text: its

text: historic

text: demographic

text: and

text: cultural

text: composition

text: Minnesota

text: 's

text: standard

text: of

text: living

text: index

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: highest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: also

text: among

text: the

text: best

text: educated

text: and

text: wealthiest

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: The Vermilion River is located in Saint Louis County of northeast Minnesota , flowing between Crane Lake and Dago Bay of Lake Vermilion near Vermilion Dam . The Vermilion River 's width varies considerably , being the size of a large creek in places and looking like a large lake in another . The Vermilion River passes through the community of Buyck in Portage Township . As its name suggests , the waters of the Vermilion are a brownish - red color . The murky waters and the over-abundance of leeches make the Vermilion an undesirable swimming destination . Forests around the Vermilion , being logged about 50 years ago , are thick and hard to penetrate as many competing trees are closely spaced .

text: The

text: Vermilion

text: River

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Saint

text: Louis

text: County

text: of

text: northeast

text: Minnesota

text: flowing

text: between

text: Crane

text: Lake

text: and

text: Dago

text: Bay

text: of

text: Lake

text: Vermilion

text: near

text: Vermilion

text: Dam

text: The

text: Vermilion

text: River

text: 's

text: width

text: varies

text: considerably

text: being

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: large

text: creek

text: in

text: places

text: and

text: looking

text: like

text: large

text: lake

text: in

text: another

text: The

text: Vermilion

text: River

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: community

text: of

text: Buyck

text: in

text: Portage

text: Township

text: As

text: its

text: name

text: suggests

text: the

text: waters

text: of

text: the

text: Vermilion

text: are

text: brownish

text: red

text: color

text: The

text: murky

text: waters

text: and

text: the

text: over

text: abundance

text: of

text: leeches

text: make

text: the

text: Vermilion

text: an

text: undesirable

text: swimming

text: destination

text: Forests

text: around

text: the

text: Vermilion

text: being

text: logged

text: about

text: years

text: ago

text: are

text: thick

text: and

text: hard

text: to

text: penetrate

text: as

text: many

text: competing

text: trees

text: are

text: closely

text: spaced

question: continent vermilion river

answer: north america

text: north america

text: north america