text: The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as "Ratnkara", ""the mine of gems"" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as "Hind Mahsgar", ""the great Indian sea"", in Hindi.

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: covering

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Australia

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: by

text: Antarctica

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Ratnkara

text: the

text: mine

text: of

text: gems

text: in

text: ancient

text: Sanskrit

text: literature

text: and

text: as

text: Hind

text: Mahsgar

text: the

text: great

text: Indian

text: sea

text: in

text: Hindi

text: Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the "sunnah", composed of accounts called "hadith") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.

text: Islam

text: is

text: religion

text: articulated

text: by

text: the

text: Quran

text: text

text: considered

text: by

text: its

text: adherents

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: verbatim

text: word

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: adherents

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: normative

text: example

text: called

text: the

text: sunnah

text: composed

text: of

text: accounts

text: called

text: hadith

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: June

text: CE

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: major

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: followers

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: Muslims

text: Islam

text: is

text: an

text: Abrahamic

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: that

text: upholds

text: that

text: God

text: is

text: one

text: and

text: incomparable

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: existence

text: is

text: to

text: worship

text: God

text: Muslims

text: consider

text: Muhammad

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: of

text: God

text: Oman (; ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman, is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, the nation is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest, and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.

text: Oman

text: officially

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Oman

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: Holding

text: strategically

text: important

text: position

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: the

text: nation

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Yemen

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: shares

text: marine

text: borders

text: with

text: Iran

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: The

text: coast

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: on

text: the

text: northeast

text: The

text: Madha

text: and

text: Musandam

text: exclaves

text: are

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: UAE

text: on

text: their

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: which

text: it

text: shares

text: with

text: Iran

text: and

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: forming

text: Musandam

text: 's

text: coastal

text: boundaries

text: The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Makran or Sea of Oman ("aldj Umn"; in Balochi:   in "Khaleej Oman") is a strait (and not an actual gulf) that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Pakistan and Iran on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: or

text: Sea

text: of

text: Makran

text: or

text: Sea

text: of

text: Oman

text: aldj

text: Umn

text: in

text: Balochi

text: in

text: Khaleej

text: Oman

text: is

text: strait

text: and

text: not

text: an

text: actual

text: gulf

text: that

text: connects

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: with

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: which

text: then

text: runs

text: to

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: It

text: borders

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Iran

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Oman

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.

text: Pakistan

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: on

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: population

text: exceeding

text: million

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: covering

text: Pakistan

text: has

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: respectively

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Tajikistan

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: 's

text: narrow

text: Wakhan

text: Corridor

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: also

text: shares

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Oman

text: The Middle East is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and Egypt. The corresponding adjective is "Middle-Eastern" and the derived noun is "Middle-Easterner". The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to Far East) beginning in the early 20th century.

text: The

text: Middle

text: East

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: region

text: centered

text: on

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: Egypt

text: The

text: corresponding

text: adjective

text: is

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: and

text: the

text: derived

text: noun

text: is

text: Middle

text: Easterner

text: The

text: term

text: has

text: come

text: into

text: wider

text: usage

text: as

text: replacement

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Near

text: East

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: Far

text: East

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Turkmenistan (or  ); formerly known as Turkmenia is a country in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.

text: Turkmenistan

text: or

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Turkmenia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Kazakhstan

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Uzbekistan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.

text: Turkey

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Turkish

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: mainly

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: with

text: smaller

text: portion

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Turkey

text: is

text: democratic

text: secular

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: with

text: diverse

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: Turkey

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: eight

text: countries

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Armenia

text: the

text: Azerbaijani

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: which

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: divide

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: they

text: also

text: separate

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: location

text: has

text: given

text: it

text: geopolitical

text: and

text: strategic

text: importance

text: throughout

text: history

text: The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Oman) through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline.

text: The

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: is

text: mediterranean

text: sea

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: The

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: is

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: through

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: and

text: lies

text: between

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: Shatt

text: al

text: Arab

text: river

text: delta

text: forms

text: the

text: northwest

text: shoreline

text: Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the "de facto" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.

text: Iran

text: also

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Persia

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iran

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Armenia

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Iraq

text: Comprising

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Iran

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: with

text: both

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: and

text: an

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coastline

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: central

text: location

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: make

text: it

text: of

text: great

text: geostrategic

text: importance

text: Tehran

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: leading

text: economic

text: center

text: Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a country in the South Caucasus region, situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having an 8 km border with Turkey in the north west.

text: Azerbaijan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Caucasus

text: region

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Southwest

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Armenia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Armenia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: while

text: having

text: an

text: km

text: border

text: with

text: Turkey

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: A novel is a long narrative, normally in prose, which describes fictional characters and events, usually in the form of a sequential story.

text: novel

text: is

text: long

text: narrative

text: normally

text: in

text: prose

text: which

text: describes

text: fictional

text: characters

text: and

text: events

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: sequential

text: story

text: Armenia ( tr. "Hayastan"), officially the Republic of Armenia (tr. "Hayastani Hanrapetutyun"), is a sovereign state in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located in Western Asia on the "Armenian Highlands", it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Russia and Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and Azerbaijan's exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.

text: Armenia

text: tr

text: Hayastan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Armenia

text: tr

text: Hayastani

text: Hanrapetutyun

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Caucasus

text: region

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Located

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Highlands

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Russia

text: and

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iran

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: 's

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Sdeq Chubak ( Persian :     , sometimes Sdegh Choubak ; August 5 , 1916 -- July 3 , 1998 ) , was an author of short fiction , drama , novels and one of the leading 20th - century writers of Iran . Chubak 's short stories are characterized by their intricacy , economy of detail , and concentration on a single theme , leading some to compare them to Persian miniature paintings . He Was a very close friend of sadegh hedayat who was an influential writer at that time . his famous books are : `` tangsir '' , `` antar va loutiyash '' , `` shab - e - ghabr '' . choubak was a naturalist and his novels reflected the dark side of the society and its issues . many of his works are currently banned . he is most famous for the novel `` tangsir '' . he mostly wrote short - stories . he died in 1998 in america .

text: Sdeq

text: Chubak

text: Persian

text: sometimes

text: Sdegh

text: Choubak

text: August

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: author

text: of

text: short

text: fiction

text: drama

text: novels

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: century

text: writers

text: of

text: Iran

text: Chubak

text: 's

text: short

text: stories

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: their

text: intricacy

text: economy

text: of

text: detail

text: and

text: concentration

text: on

text: single

text: theme

text: leading

text: some

text: to

text: compare

text: them

text: to

text: Persian

text: miniature

text: paintings

text: He

text: Was

text: very

text: close

text: friend

text: of

text: sadegh

text: hedayat

text: who

text: was

text: an

text: influential

text: writer

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: his

text: famous

text: books

text: are

text: tangsir

text: antar

text: va

text: loutiyash

text: shab

text: ghabr

text: choubak

text: was

text: naturalist

text: and

text: his

text: novels

text: reflected

text: the

text: dark

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: society

text: and

text: its

text: issues

text: many

text: of

text: his

text: works

text: are

text: currently

text: banned

text: he

text: is

text: most

text: famous

text: for

text: the

text: novel

text: tangsir

text: he

text: mostly

text: wrote

text: short

text: stories

text: he

text: died

text: in

text: in

text: america

text: Fiction is the classification for any story or universe derived from imaginationin other words, not based strictly on history or fact. Fiction can be expressed in a variety of formats, including writings, live performances, films, television programs, animations, video games, and role-playing games, though the term originally and most commonly refers to the narrative forms of literature (see "literary" fiction), including the novel, novella, short story, and play. Fiction constitutes an act of creative invention, so that faithfulness to reality is not typically assumed; in other words, fiction is not expected to present only characters who are actual people or descriptions that are factually true. The context of fiction is generally open to interpretation, due to fiction's freedom from any necessary embedding in reality; however, some fictional works are claimed to be, or marketed as, historically or factually accurate, complicating the traditional distinction between fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is a classification or category, rather than a specific mode or genre, unless used in a narrower sense as a synonym for a particular literary fiction form.

text: Fiction

text: is

text: the

text: classification

text: for

text: any

text: story

text: or

text: universe

text: derived

text: from

text: imaginationin

text: other

text: words

text: not

text: based

text: strictly

text: on

text: history

text: or

text: fact

text: Fiction

text: can

text: be

text: expressed

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: formats

text: including

text: writings

text: live

text: performances

text: films

text: television

text: programs

text: animations

text: video

text: games

text: and

text: role

text: playing

text: games

text: though

text: the

text: term

text: originally

text: and

text: most

text: commonly

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: narrative

text: forms

text: of

text: literature

text: see

text: literary

text: fiction

text: including

text: the

text: novel

text: novella

text: short

text: story

text: and

text: play

text: Fiction

text: constitutes

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: creative

text: invention

text: so

text: that

text: faithfulness

text: to

text: reality

text: is

text: not

text: typically

text: assumed

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: fiction

text: is

text: not

text: expected

text: to

text: present

text: only

text: characters

text: who

text: are

text: actual

text: people

text: or

text: descriptions

text: that

text: are

text: factually

text: true

text: The

text: context

text: of

text: fiction

text: is

text: generally

text: open

text: to

text: interpretation

text: due

text: to

text: fiction

text: 's

text: freedom

text: from

text: any

text: necessary

text: embedding

text: in

text: reality

text: however

text: some

text: fictional

text: works

text: are

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: or

text: marketed

text: as

text: historically

text: or

text: factually

text: accurate

text: complicating

text: the

text: traditional

text: distinction

text: between

text: fiction

text: and

text: non

text: fiction

text: Fiction

text: is

text: classification

text: or

text: category

text: rather

text: than

text: specific

text: mode

text: or

text: genre

text: unless

text: used

text: in

text: narrower

text: sense

text: as

text: synonym

text: for

text: particular

text: literary

text: fiction

text: form

text: Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.

text: Iraq

text: or

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iraq

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Baghdad

text: The

text: main

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: are

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Kurds

text: others

text: include

text: Assyrians

text: Turkmen

text: Shabakis

text: Yazidis

text: Armenians

text: Mandeans

text: Circassians

text: and

text: Kawliya

text: Around

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: citizens

text: are

text: Muslims

text: with

text: Christianity

text: Yarsan

text: Yezidism

text: and

text: Mandeanism

text: also

text: present

text: The

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: Iraq

text: are

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Kurdish

text: Tehran ( "Tehrn") is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With a population of around 9 million in the city and 16 million in the wider metropolitan area, Tehran is the most populous city of Iran, the 2nd-most populous city in Western Asia and the 3rd-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East. It is ranked 29th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area.

text: Tehran

text: Tehrn

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Iran

text: and

text: Tehran

text: Province

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: wider

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: Tehran

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Iran

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: It

text: is

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: its

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: A narrative or story is any report of connected events, real or imaginary, presented in a sequence of written or spoken words, and/or still or moving images.

text: narrative

text: or

text: story

text: is

text: any

text: report

text: of

text: connected

text: events

text: real

text: or

text: imaginary

text: presented

text: in

text: sequence

text: of

text: written

text: or

text: spoken

text: words

text: and/or

text: still

text: or

text: moving

text: images

text: The Strait of Hormuz "Tangehyyeh Hormoz" , "Maq Hurmuz") is a strait between the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is one of the world's most strategically important choke points. On the north coast lies Iran, and on the south coast the United Arab Emirates and Musandam, an exclave of Oman. At its narrowest, the strait has a width of .

text: The

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: Tangehyyeh

text: Hormoz

text: Maq

text: Hurmuz

text: is

text: strait

text: between

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: It

text: provides

text: the

text: only

text: sea

text: passage

text: from

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: to

text: the

text: open

text: ocean

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: strategically

text: important

text: choke

text: points

text: On

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: lies

text: Iran

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: and

text: Musandam

text: an

text: exclave

text: of

text: Oman

text: At

text: its

text: narrowest

text: the

text: strait

text: has

text: width

text: of

text: A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: in

text: international

text: law

text: nonphysical

text: juridical

text: entity

text: that

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: one

text: centralised

text: government

text: that

text: has

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: geographic

text: area

text: International

text: law

text: defines

text: sovereign

text: states

text: as

text: having

text: permanent

text: population

text: defined

text: territory

text: one

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: relations

text: with

text: other

text: sovereign

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: normally

text: understood

text: that

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: neither

text: dependent

text: on

text: nor

text: subjected

text: to

text: any

text: other

text: power

text: or

text: state

text: Prose is a form of language that exhibits a grammatical structure and a natural flow of speech, rather than a rhythmic structure as in traditional poetry. Where the common unit of verse is based on meter or rhyme, the common unit of prose is purely grammatical, such as a sentence or paragraph.

text: Prose

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: language

text: that

text: exhibits

text: grammatical

text: structure

text: and

text: natural

text: flow

text: of

text: speech

text: rather

text: than

text: rhythmic

text: structure

text: as

text: in

text: traditional

text: poetry

text: Where

text: the

text: common

text: unit

text: of

text: verse

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: meter

text: or

text: rhyme

text: the

text: common

text: unit

text: of

text: prose

text: is

text: purely

text: grammatical

text: such

text: as

text: sentence

text: or

text: paragraph

text: Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , "Afnistn"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.

text: Afghanistan

text: Pashto

text: Dari

text: Afnistn

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: within

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Turkmenistan

text: Uzbekistan

text: and

text: Tajikistan

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: Its

text: territory

text: covers

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia. The concept is in limited use, as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East (or Near East), the main difference being the exclusion of Egypt (which would be counted as part of North Africa). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics.

text: Western

text: Asia

text: West

text: Asia

text: Southwestern

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southwest

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: subregion

text: of

text: Asia

text: The

text: concept

text: is

text: in

text: limited

text: use

text: as

text: it

text: significantly

text: overlaps

text: with

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: or

text: Near

text: East

text: the

text: main

text: difference

text: being

text: the

text: exclusion

text: of

text: Egypt

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: counted

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: grouping

text: countries

text: in

text: statistics

question: genre sadeq chubak

answer: short story

text: short story


text: A chemical substance is a form of matter that has constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. It cannot be separated into components by physical separation methods, i.e., without breaking chemical bonds. Chemical substances can be chemical elements, chemical compounds, ions or alloys.

text: chemical

text: substance

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: matter

text: that

text: has

text: constant

text: chemical

text: composition

text: and

text: characteristic

text: properties

text: It

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: separated

text: into

text: components

text: by

text: physical

text: separation

text: methods

text: i.e.

text: without

text: breaking

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: Chemical

text: substances

text: can

text: be

text: chemical

text: elements

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: ions

text: or

text: alloys

text: A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive elements where both electronic and nuclear changes may occur.

text: chemical

text: reaction

text: is

text: process

text: that

text: leads

text: to

text: the

text: transformation

text: of

text: one

text: set

text: of

text: chemical

text: substances

text: to

text: another

text: Classically

text: chemical

text: reactions

text: encompass

text: changes

text: that

text: only

text: involve

text: the

text: positions

text: of

text: electrons

text: in

text: the

text: forming

text: and

text: breaking

text: of

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: between

text: atoms

text: with

text: no

text: change

text: to

text: the

text: nuclei

text: no

text: change

text: to

text: the

text: elements

text: present

text: and

text: can

text: often

text: be

text: described

text: by

text: chemical

text: equation

text: Nuclear

text: chemistry

text: is

text: sub

text: discipline

text: of

text: chemistry

text: that

text: involves

text: the

text: chemical

text: reactions

text: of

text: unstable

text: and

text: radioactive

text: elements

text: where

text: both

text: electronic

text: and

text: nuclear

text: changes

text: may

text: occur

text: A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulae, wherein the reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities on the right-hand side. The coefficients next to the symbols and formulae of entities are the absolute values of the stoichiometric numbers. The first chemical equation was diagrammed by Jean Beguin in 1615.

text: chemical

text: equation

text: is

text: the

text: symbolic

text: representation

text: of

text: chemical

text: reaction

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: symbols

text: and

text: formulae

text: wherein

text: the

text: reactant

text: entities

text: are

text: given

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: hand

text: side

text: and

text: the

text: product

text: entities

text: on

text: the

text: right

text: hand

text: side

text: The

text: coefficients

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: symbols

text: and

text: formulae

text: of

text: entities

text: are

text: the

text: absolute

text: values

text: of

text: the

text: stoichiometric

text: numbers

text: The

text: first

text: chemical

text: equation

text: was

text: diagrammed

text: by

text: Jean

text: Beguin

text: in

text: The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or , with a negative elementary electric charge. Electrons belong to the first generation of the lepton particle family, and are generally thought to be elementary particles because they have no known components or substructure. The electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton. Quantum mechanical properties of the electron include an intrinsic angular momentum (spin) of a half-integer value, expressed in units of the reduced Planck constant, "". As it is a fermion, no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state, in accordance with the Pauli exclusion principle. Like all matter, electrons have properties of both particles and waves: they can collide with other particles and can be diffracted like light. The wave properties of electrons are easier to observe with experiments than those of other particles like neutrons and protons because electrons have a lower mass and hence a larger De Broglie wavelength for a given energy.

text: The

text: electron

text: is

text: subatomic

text: particle

text: symbol

text: or

text: with

text: negative

text: elementary

text: electric

text: charge

text: Electrons

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: generation

text: of

text: the

text: lepton

text: particle

text: family

text: and

text: are

text: generally

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: elementary

text: particles

text: because

text: they

text: have

text: no

text: known

text: components

text: or

text: substructure

text: The

text: electron

text: has

text: mass

text: that

text: is

text: approximately

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: proton

text: Quantum

text: mechanical

text: properties

text: of

text: the

text: electron

text: include

text: an

text: intrinsic

text: angular

text: momentum

text: spin

text: of

text: half

text: integer

text: value

text: expressed

text: in

text: units

text: of

text: the

text: reduced

text: Planck

text: constant

text: As

text: it

text: is

text: fermion

text: no

text: two

text: electrons

text: can

text: occupy

text: the

text: same

text: quantum

text: state

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: Pauli

text: exclusion

text: principle

text: Like

text: all

text: matter

text: electrons

text: have

text: properties

text: of

text: both

text: particles

text: and

text: waves

text: they

text: can

text: collide

text: with

text: other

text: particles

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: diffracted

text: like

text: light

text: The

text: wave

text: properties

text: of

text: electrons

text: are

text: easier

text: to

text: observe

text: with

text: experiments

text: than

text: those

text: of

text: other

text: particles

text: like

text: neutrons

text: and

text: protons

text: because

text: electrons

text: have

text: lower

text: mass

text: and

text: hence

text: larger

text: De

text: Broglie

text: wavelength

text: for

text: given

text: energy

text: Nuclear chemistry is the subfield of chemistry dealing with radioactivity, nuclear processes, such as nuclear transmutation, and nuclear properties.

text: Nuclear

text: chemistry

text: is

text: the

text: subfield

text: of

text: chemistry

text: dealing

text: with

text: radioactivity

text: nuclear

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: nuclear

text: transmutation

text: and

text: nuclear

text: properties

text: Lead, from the Old English "léad", is a chemical element with atomic number 82 and symbol Pb (after the Latin, "plumbum"). It has the second highest atomic number of all practically stable elements. As such, lead is located at the end of some decay chains of heavier elements, which in part accounts for its relative abundance: its stability exceeds those of other similarly-numbered elements. Lead is a soft, malleable, and heavy metal. Freshly cut lead has a bluish-white color that soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed to air; as a liquid, it has a shiny chrome-silver luster. Lead's density of 11.34 g/cm exceeds those of most common materials.

text: Lead

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: English

text: léad

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: atomic

text: number

text: and

text: symbol

text: Pb

text: after

text: the

text: Latin

text: plumbum

text: It

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: atomic

text: number

text: of

text: all

text: practically

text: stable

text: elements

text: As

text: such

text: lead

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: some

text: decay

text: chains

text: of

text: heavier

text: elements

text: which

text: in

text: part

text: accounts

text: for

text: its

text: relative

text: abundance

text: its

text: stability

text: exceeds

text: those

text: of

text: other

text: similarly

text: numbered

text: elements

text: Lead

text: is

text: soft

text: malleable

text: and

text: heavy

text: metal

text: Freshly

text: cut

text: lead

text: has

text: bluish

text: white

text: color

text: that

text: soon

text: tarnishes

text: to

text: dull

text: grayish

text: color

text: when

text: exposed

text: to

text: air

text: as

text: liquid

text: it

text: has

text: shiny

text: chrome

text: silver

text: luster

text: Lead

text: 's

text: density

text: of

text: cm

text: exceeds

text: those

text: of

text: most

text: common

text: materials

text: A reaction inhibitor is a substance that decreases the rate of , or prevents , a chemical reaction . A catalyst , in contrast , is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction .

text: reaction

text: inhibitor

text: is

text: substance

text: that

text: decreases

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: or

text: prevents

text: chemical

text: reaction

text: catalyst

text: in

text: contrast

text: is

text: substance

text: that

text: increases

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: chemical

text: reaction

text: An ion is an atom or a molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a net positive or negative electrical charge. Ions can be created, by either chemical or physical means, via ionization.

text: An

text: ion

text: is

text: an

text: atom

text: or

text: molecule

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: electrons

text: is

text: not

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: giving

text: the

text: atom

text: or

text: molecule

text: net

text: positive

text: or

text: negative

text: electrical

text: charge

text: Ions

text: can

text: be

text: created

text: by

text: either

text: chemical

text: or

text: physical

text: means

text: via

text: ionization

text: An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very small; typical sizes are around 100 picometers (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale).

text: An

text: atom

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: constituent

text: unit

text: of

text: ordinary

text: matter

text: that

text: has

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: chemical

text: element

text: Every

text: solid

text: liquid

text: gas

text: and

text: plasma

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: neutral

text: or

text: ionized

text: atoms

text: Atoms

text: are

text: very

text: small

text: typical

text: sizes

text: are

text: around

text: picometers

text: ten

text: billionth

text: of

text: meter

text: in

text: the

text: short

text: scale

text: A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms that enables the formation of chemical compounds. The bond may result from the electrostatic force of attraction between atoms with opposite charges, or through the sharing of electrons as in the covalent bonds. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are "strong bonds" or "primary bond" such as metallic, covalent or ionic bonds and "weak bonds" or "secondary bond" such as Dipole-dipole interaction, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.

text: chemical

text: bond

text: is

text: lasting

text: attraction

text: between

text: atoms

text: that

text: enables

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: The

text: bond

text: may

text: result

text: from

text: the

text: electrostatic

text: force

text: of

text: attraction

text: between

text: atoms

text: with

text: opposite

text: charges

text: or

text: through

text: the

text: sharing

text: of

text: electrons

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: covalent

text: bonds

text: The

text: strength

text: of

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: varies

text: considerably

text: there

text: are

text: strong

text: bonds

text: or

text: primary

text: bond

text: such

text: as

text: metallic

text: covalent

text: or

text: ionic

text: bonds

text: and

text: weak

text: bonds

text: or

text: secondary

text: bond

text: such

text: as

text: Dipole

text: dipole

text: interaction

text: the

text: London

text: dispersion

text: force

text: and

text: hydrogen

text: bonding

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: part_of reaction inhibitor

answer: chemistry

text: chemistry

text: chemistry

text: chemistry

text: chemistry


text: An overseas department (or "DOM") is a department of France that is outside metropolitan France. They have nearly the same political status as metropolitan departments, although they have special constitutional provisions that allow them greater autonomy and are excluded from certain domestic statistics, such as the unemployment rate. The overseas departments should not be confused with the overseas collectivities which have a particular status. As integral parts of France and the European Union, overseas departments are represented in the National Assembly, Senate, and Economic and Social Council, vote to elect members of the European Parliament (MEP), and also use the euro as their currency. Each overseas department is also an overseas region.

text: An

text: overseas

text: department

text: or

text: DOM

text: is

text: department

text: of

text: France

text: that

text: is

text: outside

text: metropolitan

text: France

text: They

text: have

text: nearly

text: the

text: same

text: political

text: status

text: as

text: metropolitan

text: departments

text: although

text: they

text: have

text: special

text: constitutional

text: provisions

text: that

text: allow

text: them

text: greater

text: autonomy

text: and

text: are

text: excluded

text: from

text: certain

text: domestic

text: statistics

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: unemployment

text: rate

text: The

text: overseas

text: departments

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: overseas

text: collectivities

text: which

text: have

text: particular

text: status

text: As

text: integral

text: parts

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: overseas

text: departments

text: are

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: Senate

text: and

text: Economic

text: and

text: Social

text: Council

text: vote

text: to

text: elect

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Parliament

text: MEP

text: and

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: their

text: currency

text: Each

text: overseas

text: department

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: overseas

text: region

text: Cayenne is the capital city of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America. The city stands on a former island at the mouth of the Cayenne River on the Atlantic coast. The city's motto is "fert aurum industria" which means "work brings wealth".

text: Cayenne

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: French

text: Guiana

text: an

text: overseas

text: region

text: and

text: department

text: of

text: France

text: located

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: The

text: city

text: stands

text: on

text: former

text: island

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Cayenne

text: River

text: on

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: motto

text: is

text: fert

text: aurum

text: industria

text: which

text: means

text: work

text: brings

text: wealth

text: South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).

text: South

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: hemisphere

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: with

text: relatively

text: small

text: portion

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: model

text: used

text: in

text: nations

text: that

text: speak

text: Romance

text: languages

text: The

text: reference

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: instead

text: of

text: other

text: regions

text: like

text: Latin

text: America

text: or

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: has

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: due

text: to

text: changing

text: geopolitical

text: dynamics

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Brazil

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Suriname (or , also spelled Surinam), officially known as the Republic of Suriname, is a sovereign state on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America. It is bordered by French Guiana to the east, Guyana to the west and Brazil to the south. At just under , it is the smallest country in South America. Suriname has a population of approximately 566,000, most of whom live on the country's north coast, in and around the capital and largest city, Paramaribo.

text: Suriname

text: or

text: also

text: spelled

text: Surinam

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Suriname

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: northeastern

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: French

text: Guiana

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Guyana

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: At

text: just

text: under

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: Suriname

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: live

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: north

text: coast

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Paramaribo

text: Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.

text: Brazil

text: officially

text: the

text: Federative

text: Republic

text: of

text: Brazil

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: both

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: As

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fifth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: Portuguese

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: Brazil

text: has

text: coastline

text: of

text: It

text: borders

text: all

text: other

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: except

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Chile

text: and

text: covers

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: land

text: area

text: Its

text: Amazon

text: River

text: basin

text: includes

text: vast

text: tropical

text: forest

text: home

text: to

text: diverse

text: wildlife

text: variety

text: of

text: ecological

text: systems

text: and

text: extensive

text: natural

text: resources

text: spanning

text: numerous

text: protected

text: habitats

text: This

text: unique

text: environmental

text: heritage

text: makes

text: Brazil

text: one

text: of

text: megadiverse

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: significant

text: global

text: interest

text: and

text: debate

text: regarding

text: deforestation

text: and

text: environmental

text: protection

text: Guyana (pronounced or ), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a sovereign state on the northern mainland of South America. It is, however, included in the Caribbean Region due to its strong cultural, historical, and political ties with the Caribbean Community (CARICOM). Guyana is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Brazil to the south and southwest, Suriname to the east and Venezuela to the west. With , Guyana is the fourth-smallest country on mainland South America after Uruguay, Suriname and French Guiana.

text: Guyana

text: pronounced

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Co

text: operative

text: Republic

text: of

text: Guyana

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: mainland

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: however

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Region

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: strong

text: cultural

text: historical

text: and

text: political

text: ties

text: with

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Community

text: CARICOM

text: Guyana

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southwest

text: Suriname

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Venezuela

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: With

text: Guyana

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: smallest

text: country

text: on

text: mainland

text: South

text: America

text: after

text: Uruguay

text: Suriname

text: and

text: French

text: Guiana

text: French Guiana (pronounced or ), officially called Guiana, is an overseas department and region of France, located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas. It borders Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km, with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, its capital. By land area, it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union.

text: French

text: Guiana

text: pronounced

text: or

text: officially

text: called

text: Guiana

text: is

text: an

text: overseas

text: department

text: and

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: in

text: the

text: Guyanas

text: It

text: borders

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: Suriname

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Its

text: area

text: has

text: very

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: only

text: inhabitants

text: per

text: km

text: with

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: Cayenne

text: its

text: capital

text: By

text: land

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: outermost

text: region

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The Decolonization and Social Emancipation Movement ( French : Mouvement de décolonisation et d'émancipation sociale , MDES ) is a political party for independence in French Guiana .

text: The

text: Decolonization

text: and

text: Social

text: Emancipation

text: Movement

text: French

text: Mouvement

text: de

text: décolonisation

text: et

text: d'émancipation

text: sociale

text: MDES

text: is

text: political

text: party

text: for

text: independence

text: in

text: French

text: Guiana

question: headquarters_location decolonization and social emancipation movement

answer: cayenne

text: cayenne

text: cayenne

text: cayenne


text: Neuilly-sur-Seine is a French "commune" just west of Paris, in the department of Hauts-de-Seine. A suburb of Paris, Neuilly is immediately adjacent to the city and directly extends it. The area is composed of mostly wealthy, select residential neighbourhoods, and many corporate headquarters are located there.

text: Neuilly

text: sur

text: Seine

text: is

text: French

text: commune

text: just

text: west

text: of

text: Paris

text: in

text: the

text: department

text: of

text: Hauts

text: de

text: Seine

text: suburb

text: of

text: Paris

text: Neuilly

text: is

text: immediately

text: adjacent

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: directly

text: extends

text: it

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: mostly

text: wealthy

text: select

text: residential

text: neighbourhoods

text: and

text: many

text: corporate

text: headquarters

text: are

text: located

text: there

text: Isabelle of France ( March 1224 -- 23 February 1270 ) was the daughter of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile . She was a younger sister of King Louis IX of France ( Saint Louis ) and of Alfonso , Count of Poitiers , and an older sister of King Charles I of Sicily . In 1256 , she founded the Poor Clare Monastery of Longchamp in the part of the Forest of Rouvray ( now called the Bois de Boulogne ) , west of Paris . She is honored as a saint by the Franciscan Order .

text: Isabelle

text: of

text: France

text: March

text: February

text: was

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: Louis

text: VIII

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: Blanche

text: of

text: Castile

text: She

text: was

text: younger

text: sister

text: of

text: King

text: Louis

text: IX

text: of

text: France

text: Saint

text: Louis

text: and

text: of

text: Alfonso

text: Count

text: of

text: Poitiers

text: and

text: an

text: older

text: sister

text: of

text: King

text: Charles

text: of

text: Sicily

text: In

text: she

text: founded

text: the

text: Poor

text: Clare

text: Monastery

text: of

text: Longchamp

text: in

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Forest

text: of

text: Rouvray

text: now

text: called

text: the

text: Bois

text: de

text: Boulogne

text: west

text: of

text: Paris

text: She

text: is

text: honored

text: as

text: saint

text: by

text: the

text: Franciscan

text: Order

text: Blanche of Castile (4 March 1188  27 November 1252) was Queen of France as the wife of Louis VIII. She acted as regent twice during the reign of her son, Louis IX. She was born in Palencia, Spain, 1188, the third daughter of Alfonso VIII, king of Castile, and Eleanor of England. Eleanor was a daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.

text: Blanche

text: of

text: Castile

text: March

text: November

text: was

text: Queen

text: of

text: France

text: as

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: Louis

text: VIII

text: She

text: acted

text: as

text: regent

text: twice

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: her

text: son

text: Louis

text: IX

text: She

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Palencia

text: Spain

text: the

text: third

text: daughter

text: of

text: Alfonso

text: VIII

text: king

text: of

text: Castile

text: and

text: Eleanor

text: of

text: England

text: Eleanor

text: was

text: daughter

text: of

text: Henry

text: II

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Eleanor

text: of

text: Aquitaine

text: Eleanor of Aquitaine (; 1122   1 April 1204) was a member of the Ramnulfids ("House of Poitiers") of rulers in southwestern France, and one of the wealthiest and most powerful women in western Europe during the High Middle Ages. She inherited the Duchy of Aquitaine from her father, William X, in 1137, and by successive marriages became queen of France (11371152) and then of England (11541189). She was the patron of literary figures such as Wace, Benoît de Sainte-Maure, and Bernart de Ventadorn. She led armies several times in her life, and was a leader of the Second Crusade.

text: Eleanor

text: of

text: Aquitaine

text: April

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Ramnulfids

text: House

text: of

text: Poitiers

text: of

text: rulers

text: in

text: southwestern

text: France

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: and

text: most

text: powerful

text: women

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: She

text: inherited

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Aquitaine

text: from

text: her

text: father

text: William

text: in

text: and

text: by

text: successive

text: marriages

text: became

text: queen

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: then

text: of

text: England

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: patron

text: of

text: literary

text: figures

text: such

text: as

text: Wace

text: Benoît

text: de

text: Sainte

text: Maure

text: and

text: Bernart

text: de

text: Ventadorn

text: She

text: led

text: armies

text: several

text: times

text: in

text: her

text: life

text: and

text: was

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Crusade

text: Louis VIII the Lion (5 September 1187  8 November 1226) was King of France from 1223 to 1226. He also claimed the title King of England from 1216 to 1217. Louis VIII was born in Paris, the son of King Philip II of France and Isabelle of Hainaut, from whom he inherited the County of Artois.

text: Louis

text: VIII

text: the

text: Lion

text: September

text: November

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: also

text: claimed

text: the

text: title

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: from

text: to

text: Louis

text: VIII

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: King

text: Philip

text: II

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: Isabelle

text: of

text: Hainaut

text: from

text: whom

text: he

text: inherited

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Artois

text: The Bois de Boulogne is a large public park located along the western edge of the 16th arrondissement of Paris, near the suburb of Boulogne-Billancourt and Neuilly-sur-Seine. It was created between 1852 and 1858 during the reign of the Emperor Louis Napoleon.

text: The

text: Bois

text: de

text: Boulogne

text: is

text: large

text: public

text: park

text: located

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: arrondissement

text: of

text: Paris

text: near

text: the

text: suburb

text: of

text: Boulogne

text: Billancourt

text: and

text: Neuilly

text: sur

text: Seine

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: between

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Louis

text: Napoleon

text: Philip II, known as Philip Augustus (21 August 1165  14 July 1223), was King of France from 1180 to 1223, a member of the House of Capet. Philip's predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks, but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French monarch to style himself king of France. The son of King Louis VII and his third wife, Adèle of Champagne, he was originally nicknamed "Dieudonné" "God-given" because he was the first son of Louis VII, born late in his father's life. Philip was given the nickname "Augustus" by the chronicler Rigord for having extended the Crown lands of France so remarkably.

text: Philip

text: II

text: known

text: as

text: Philip

text: Augustus

text: August

text: July

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: to

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Capet

text: Philip

text: 's

text: predecessors

text: had

text: been

text: known

text: as

text: kings

text: of

text: the

text: Franks

text: but

text: from

text: onward

text: Philip

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: French

text: monarch

text: to

text: style

text: himself

text: king

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: son

text: of

text: King

text: Louis

text: VII

text: and

text: his

text: third

text: wife

text: Adèle

text: of

text: Champagne

text: he

text: was

text: originally

text: nicknamed

text: Dieudonné

text: God

text: given

text: because

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: son

text: of

text: Louis

text: VII

text: born

text: late

text: in

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: life

text: Philip

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: nickname

text: Augustus

text: by

text: the

text: chronicler

text: Rigord

text: for

text: having

text: extended

text: the

text: Crown

text: lands

text: of

text: France

text: so

text: remarkably

annotations: likely single

question: noble_family isabelle of france

answer: house of capet

text: house of capet


text: The Bering Sea is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It comprises a deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelves.

text: The

text: Bering

text: Sea

text: is

text: marginal

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: comprises

text: deep

text: water

text: basin

text: which

text: then

text: rises

text: through

text: narrow

text: slope

text: into

text: the

text: shallower

text: water

text: above

text: the

text: continental

text: shelves

text: Nizhny Novgorod, colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is a city in the administrative center of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and Volga Federal District in Russia. From 1932 to 1990, it was known as Gorky, after the writer Maxim Gorky, who was born there. The city is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural center in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and is the main center of river tourism in Russia. In the historical part of the city there are a large number of universities, theaters, museums and churches. Nizhny Novgorod is located about 400 km east of Moscow, where the Oka empties into the Volga. Population:

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: colloquially

text: shortened

text: to

text: Nizhny

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: Oblast

text: and

text: Volga

text: Federal

text: District

text: in

text: Russia

text: From

text: to

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Gorky

text: after

text: the

text: writer

text: Maxim

text: Gorky

text: who

text: was

text: born

text: there

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: economic

text: transportation

text: scientific

text: educational

text: and

text: cultural

text: center

text: in

text: Russia

text: and

text: the

text: vast

text: Volga

text: Vyatka

text: economic

text: region

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: center

text: of

text: river

text: tourism

text: in

text: Russia

text: In

text: the

text: historical

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: there

text: are

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: universities

text: theaters

text: museums

text: and

text: churches

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: is

text: located

text: about

text: km

text: east

text: of

text: Moscow

text: where

text: the

text: Oka

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: Volga

text: Population

text: The Tretya River ( Russian :   , also spelt alternativelly as Tret'ya or Tretaya ) is a stream in the Beringovsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug , Russia . It drains part of the southern Anadyr Lowlands ( very flat with wetlands and tundra ) . It flows northeast and then northwest into the Anadyr Estuary ( its mouth is the southernmost notch on the image on that page ) . To the east of the Tretya is the Avtatkuul ' zakaznik protected area . To the south is the Tumanskaya River . Belugas are common in its waters .

text: The

text: Tretya

text: River

text: Russian

text: also

text: spelt

text: alternativelly

text: as

text: Tret'ya

text: or

text: Tretaya

text: is

text: stream

text: in

text: the

text: Beringovsky

text: District

text: of

text: Chukotka

text: Autonomous

text: Okrug

text: Russia

text: It

text: drains

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: Anadyr

text: Lowlands

text: very

text: flat

text: with

text: wetlands

text: and

text: tundra

text: It

text: flows

text: northeast

text: and

text: then

text: northwest

text: into

text: the

text: Anadyr

text: Estuary

text: its

text: mouth

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: notch

text: on

text: the

text: image

text: on

text: that

text: page

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Tretya

text: is

text: the

text: Avtatkuul

text: zakaznik

text: protected

text: area

text: To

text: the

text: south

text: is

text: the

text: Tumanskaya

text: River

text: Belugas

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: its

text: waters

text: Eurasia is the combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia. The term is a portmanteau of its constituent continents. Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and by Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean to the south. The division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical and cultural construct, with no clear physical separation between them; thus, in some parts of the world, Eurasia is recognized as the largest of five or six continents. In geology, Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock. However, the rigidity of Eurasia is debated based on the paleomagnet data.

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: the

text: combined

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: continents

text: Located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Hemispheres

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: by

text: Africa

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: division

text: between

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: as

text: two

text: different

text: continents

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: construct

text: with

text: no

text: clear

text: physical

text: separation

text: between

text: them

text: thus

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: five

text: or

text: six

text: continents

text: In

text: geology

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: as

text: single

text: rigid

text: megablock

text: However

text: the

text: rigidity

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: debated

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: paleomagnet

text: data

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (Chukchi: , "Chukotkaken avtonomnyken okrug") or Chukotka is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug) located in the Russian Far East. The population was recorded at 50,526 in the 2010 Census.

text: Chukotka

text: Autonomous

text: Okrug

text: Chukchi

text: Chukotkaken

text: avtonomnyken

text: okrug

text: or

text: Chukotka

text: is

text: federal

text: subject

text: of

text: Russia

text: an

text: autonomous

text: okrug

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Russian

text: Far

text: East

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: recorded

text: at

text: in

text: the

text: Census

text: The Tumanskaya River is a stream in Far East Siberia. It flows through a region of wetlands and tundra into the Bering Sea at the Anadyr Bay.

text: The

text: Tumanskaya

text: River

text: is

text: stream

text: in

text: Far

text: East

text: Siberia

text: It

text: flows

text: through

text: region

text: of

text: wetlands

text: and

text: tundra

text: into

text: the

text: Bering

text: Sea

text: at

text: the

text: Anadyr

text: Bay

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Novosibirsk is the third-most populous city in Russia after Moscow and St. Petersburg. It is the most populous city in Asian Russia, with a population of 1,473,754 as of the 2010 Census. It is the administrative center of Novosibirsk Oblast as well as of the Siberian Federal District. The city is located in the southwestern part of Siberia on the banks of the Ob River adjacent to the Ob River Valley, near the large water reservoir formed by the dam of the Novosibirsk Hydro Power Plant, and occupies an area of .

text: Novosibirsk

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Russia

text: after

text: Moscow

text: and

text: St.

text: Petersburg

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Asian

text: Russia

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: Census

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: Novosibirsk

text: Oblast

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: Siberian

text: Federal

text: District

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: part

text: of

text: Siberia

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Ob

text: River

text: adjacent

text: to

text: the

text: Ob

text: River

text: Valley

text: near

text: the

text: large

text: water

text: reservoir

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: dam

text: of

text: the

text: Novosibirsk

text: Hydro

text: Power

text: Plant

text: and

text: occupies

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.

text: Ukraine

text: tr

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Poland

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Hungary

text: Romania

text: and

text: Moldova

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southeast

text: respectively

text: Ukraine

text: is

text: currently

text: in

text: territorial

text: dispute

text: with

text: Russia

text: over

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: which

text: Russia

text: annexed

text: in

text: but

text: which

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: recognise

text: as

text: Ukrainian

text: Including

text: Crimea

text: Ukraine

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: entirely

text: within

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The Russian Far East is the Russian part of the Far East, i.e. the extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean. The Far Eastern Federal District, which covers this area, borders with the Siberian Federal District to the west. The Far Eastern Federal District has land borders with the People's Republic of China and North Korea to the south west and maritime borders with Japan and the American state of Alaska. Although traditionally considered part of Siberia, the Russian Far East is categorized separately from Siberia in Russian regional schemes (and previously during the Soviet era when it was called the Soviet Far East).

text: The

text: Russian

text: Far

text: East

text: is

text: the

text: Russian

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: i.e.

text: the

text: extreme

text: east

text: parts

text: of

text: Russia

text: between

text: Lake

text: Baikal

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Siberia

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: The

text: Far

text: Eastern

text: Federal

text: District

text: which

text: covers

text: this

text: area

text: borders

text: with

text: the

text: Siberian

text: Federal

text: District

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Far

text: Eastern

text: Federal

text: District

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: North

text: Korea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: state

text: of

text: Alaska

text: Although

text: traditionally

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: Siberia

text: the

text: Russian

text: Far

text: East

text: is

text: categorized

text: separately

text: from

text: Siberia

text: in

text: Russian

text: regional

text: schemes

text: and

text: previously

text: during

text: the

text: Soviet

text: era

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Far

text: East

text: Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 17131728 and 17321918, Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow.

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: is

text: Russia

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: after

text: Moscow

text: with

text: five

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: Russian

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: politically

text: incorporated

text: as

text: federal

text: subject

text: federal

text: city

text: Situated

text: on

text: the

text: Neva

text: River

text: at

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: on

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Tsar

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: on

text: May

text: In

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: from

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: to

text: Petrograd

text: in

text: to

text: Leningrad

text: and

text: in

text: back

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Between

text: and

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: was

text: the

text: imperial

text: capital

text: of

text: Russia

text: In

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: bodies

text: moved

text: to

text: Moscow

text: Zakaznik (transliterated: "zakaznik, zakazniki" transliterated: "zakaznyk", "zakaznyky"; Belarusian: , , transliterated: zakaznik, zakazniki) is a type of protected area in Russia and some other former Soviet republics such as Belarus and Ukraine that meets World Conservation Union's (IUCN) category III, or more frequently category VI criteria.

text: Zakaznik

text: transliterated

text: zakaznik

text: zakazniki

text: transliterated

text: zakaznyk

text: zakaznyky

text: Belarusian

text: transliterated

text: zakaznik

text: zakazniki

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: protected

text: area

text: in

text: Russia

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: former

text: Soviet

text: republics

text: such

text: as

text: Belarus

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: that

text: meets

text: World

text: Conservation

text: Union

text: 's

text: IUCN

text: category

text: III

text: or

text: more

text: frequently

text: category

text: VI

text: criteria

text: Beringovsky District was an administrative district (raion) of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, which existed in 19572011. As a municipal division, it was, together with Anadyrsky Administrative District, incorporated as Anadyrsky Municipal District. It was located on the southeastern shores of the autonomous okrug and bordered with Anadyrsky District in the west and the Bering Sea in the east. Its administrative center was the urban locality (an urban-type settlement) of Beringovsky. Population: . The area of the district was .

text: Beringovsky

text: District

text: was

text: an

text: administrative

text: district

text: raion

text: of

text: Chukotka

text: Autonomous

text: Okrug

text: Russia

text: which

text: existed

text: in

text: As

text: municipal

text: division

text: it

text: was

text: together

text: with

text: Anadyrsky

text: Administrative

text: District

text: incorporated

text: as

text: Anadyrsky

text: Municipal

text: District

text: It

text: was

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shores

text: of

text: the

text: autonomous

text: okrug

text: and

text: bordered

text: with

text: Anadyrsky

text: District

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Bering

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Its

text: administrative

text: center

text: was

text: the

text: urban

text: locality

text: an

text: urban

text: type

text: settlement

text: of

text: Beringovsky

text: Population

text: The

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: was

question: mouth_of_the_watercourse tretya river

answer: bering sea

text: bering sea

text: bering sea

text: bering sea