text: Mania is a state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level, or "a state of heightened overall activation with enhanced affective expression together with lability of affect." Although mania is often conceived as a "mirror image" to depression, the heightened mood can be either euphoric or irritable; indeed, as the mania intensifies, irritability may become more pronounced and eventuate in violence.

text: Mania

text: is

text: state

text: of

text: abnormally

text: elevated

text: arousal

text: affect

text: and

text: energy

text: level

text: or

text: state

text: of

text: heightened

text: overall

text: activation

text: with

text: enhanced

text: affective

text: expression

text: together

text: with

text: lability

text: of

text: affect

text: Although

text: mania

text: is

text: often

text: conceived

text: as

text: mirror

text: image

text: to

text: depression

text: the

text: heightened

text: mood

text: can

text: be

text: either

text: euphoric

text: or

text: irritable

text: indeed

text: as

text: the

text: mania

text: intensifies

text: irritability

text: may

text: become

text: more

text: pronounced

text: and

text: eventuate

text: in

text: violence

text: Attention is the behavioral and cognitive process of selectively concentrating on a discrete aspect of information, whether deemed subjective or objective, while ignoring other perceivable information. It is the taking possession by the mind in clear and vivid form of one out of what seem several simultaneous objects or trains of thought. Focalization, concentration of consciousness are of its essence. Attention has also been referred to as the allocation of limited processing resources.

text: Attention

text: is

text: the

text: behavioral

text: and

text: cognitive

text: process

text: of

text: selectively

text: concentrating

text: on

text: discrete

text: aspect

text: of

text: information

text: whether

text: deemed

text: subjective

text: or

text: objective

text: while

text: ignoring

text: other

text: perceivable

text: information

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: taking

text: possession

text: by

text: the

text: mind

text: in

text: clear

text: and

text: vivid

text: form

text: of

text: one

text: out

text: of

text: what

text: seem

text: several

text: simultaneous

text: objects

text: or

text: trains

text: of

text: thought

text: Focalization

text: concentration

text: of

text: consciousness

text: are

text: of

text: its

text: essence

text: Attention

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: allocation

text: of

text: limited

text: processing

text: resources

text: In common speech, consent occurs when one person voluntarily agrees to the proposal or desires of another. The concept of consent has been operationalized in several major contexts, including in law, medicine and sexual relationships. Types of consent include implied consent, expressed consent, informed consent and unanimous consent. Consent as understood in legal contexts may differ from the everyday meaning. For example, a person under the legal age of sexual consent may willingly engage in a sexual act, but that consent is not valid in a legal context.

text: In

text: common

text: speech

text: consent

text: occurs

text: when

text: one

text: person

text: voluntarily

text: agrees

text: to

text: the

text: proposal

text: or

text: desires

text: of

text: another

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: consent

text: has

text: been

text: operationalized

text: in

text: several

text: major

text: contexts

text: including

text: in

text: law

text: medicine

text: and

text: sexual

text: relationships

text: Types

text: of

text: consent

text: include

text: implied

text: consent

text: expressed

text: consent

text: informed

text: consent

text: and

text: unanimous

text: consent

text: Consent

text: as

text: understood

text: in

text: legal

text: contexts

text: may

text: differ

text: from

text: the

text: everyday

text: meaning

text: For

text: example

text: person

text: under

text: the

text: legal

text: age

text: of

text: sexual

text: consent

text: may

text: willingly

text: engage

text: in

text: sexual

text: act

text: but

text: that

text: consent

text: is

text: not

text: valid

text: in

text: legal

text: context

text: A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric pharmaceutical drug used to treat mood disorders characterized by intense and sustained mood shifts, typically bipolar disorder type I or type II or schizophrenia.

text: mood

text: stabilizer

text: is

text: psychiatric

text: pharmaceutical

text: drug

text: used

text: to

text: treat

text: mood

text: disorders

text: characterized

text: by

text: intense

text: and

text: sustained

text: mood

text: shifts

text: typically

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: type

text: or

text: type

text: II

text: or

text: schizophrenia

text:
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand what is real. Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, hearing voices that others do not, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, and a lack of motivation. People with schizophrenia often have additional mental health problems such as anxiety disorders, major depressive illness, or substance use disorders. Symptoms typically come on gradually, begin in young adulthood, and last a long time.
The causes of schizophrenia include environmental and genetic factors. Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city, cannabis use, certain infections, parental age, and poor nutrition during pregnancy. Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants. Diagnosis is based on observed behavior, the person's reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person. During diagnosis a person's culture must also be taken into account. As of 2013 there is no objective test. Schizophrenia does not imply a "split personality" or "multiple personality disorder"conditions with which it is often confused in public perception.
The mainstay of treatment is antipsychotic medication, along with counselling, job training, and social rehabilitation. It is unclear whether typical or atypical antipsychotics are better. In those who do not improve with other antipsychotics clozapine may be tried. In more serious situationswhere there is risk to self or othersinvoluntary hospitalization may be necessary, although hospital stays are now shorter and less frequent than they once were.
About 0.30.7% of people are affected by schizophrenia during their lifetimes. In 2013 there were estimated to be 23.6 million cases globally. Males are more often affected than females. About 20% of people do well, and a few recover completely. Social problems, such as long-term unemployment, poverty, and homelessness are common. The average life expectancy of people with the disorder is ten to twenty-five years less than for the general population. This is the result of increased physical health problems and a higher suicide rate (about 5%). In 2013 an estimated 16,000 people worldwide died from behavior related to, or caused by, schizophrenia.

text: Schizophrenia

text: is

text: mental

text: disorder

text: characterized

text: by

text: abnormal

text: social

text: behavior

text: and

text: failure

text: to

text: understand

text: what

text: is

text: real

text: Common

text: symptoms

text: include

text: false

text: beliefs

text: unclear

text: or

text: confused

text: thinking

text: hearing

text: voices

text: that

text: others

text: do

text: not

text: reduced

text: social

text: engagement

text: and

text: emotional

text: expression

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: motivation

text: People

text: with

text: schizophrenia

text: often

text: have

text: additional

text: mental

text: health

text: problems

text: such

text: as

text: anxiety

text: disorders

text: major

text: depressive

text: illness

text: or

text: substance

text: use

text: disorders

text: Symptoms

text: typically

text: come

text: on

text: gradually

text: begin

text: in

text: young

text: adulthood

text: and

text: last

text: long

text: time

text: The

text: causes

text: of

text: schizophrenia

text: include

text: environmental

text: and

text: genetic

text: factors

text: Possible

text: environmental

text: factors

text: include

text: being

text: raised

text: in

text: city

text: cannabis

text: use

text: certain

text: infections

text: parental

text: age

text: and

text: poor

text: nutrition

text: during

text: pregnancy

text: Genetic

text: factors

text: include

text: variety

text: of

text: common

text: and

text: rare

text: genetic

text: variants

text: Diagnosis

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: observed

text: behavior

text: the

text: person

text: 's

text: reported

text: experiences

text: and

text: reports

text: of

text: others

text: familiar

text: with

text: the

text: person

text: During

text: diagnosis

text: person

text: 's

text: culture

text: must

text: also

text: be

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: objective

text: test

text: Schizophrenia

text: does

text: not

text: imply

text: split

text: personality

text: or

text: multiple

text: personality

text: disorder"conditions

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: confused

text: in

text: public

text: perception

text: The

text: mainstay

text: of

text: treatment

text: is

text: antipsychotic

text: medication

text: along

text: with

text: counselling

text: job

text: training

text: and

text: social

text: rehabilitation

text: It

text: is

text: unclear

text: whether

text: typical

text: or

text: atypical

text: antipsychotics

text: are

text: better

text: In

text: those

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: improve

text: with

text: other

text: antipsychotics

text: clozapine

text: may

text: be

text: tried

text: In

text: more

text: serious

text: situationswhere

text: there

text: is

text: risk

text: to

text: self

text: or

text: othersinvoluntary

text: hospitalization

text: may

text: be

text: necessary

text: although

text: hospital

text: stays

text: are

text: now

text: shorter

text: and

text: less

text: frequent

text: than

text: they

text: once

text: were

text: About

text: of

text: people

text: are

text: affected

text: by

text: schizophrenia

text: during

text: their

text: lifetimes

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: million

text: cases

text: globally

text: Males

text: are

text: more

text: often

text: affected

text: than

text: females

text: About

text: of

text: people

text: do

text: well

text: and

text: few

text: recover

text: completely

text: Social

text: problems

text: such

text: as

text: long

text: term

text: unemployment

text: poverty

text: and

text: homelessness

text: are

text: common

text: The

text: average

text: life

text: expectancy

text: of

text: people

text: with

text: the

text: disorder

text: is

text: ten

text: to

text: twenty

text: five

text: years

text: less

text: than

text: for

text: the

text: general

text: population

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: increased

text: physical

text: health

text: problems

text: and

text: higher

text: suicide

text: rate

text: about

text: In

text: an

text: estimated

text: people

text: worldwide

text: died

text: from

text: behavior

text: related

text: to

text: or

text: caused

text: by

text: schizophrenia

text: Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change and overcome problems in desired ways. Psychotherapy aims to improve an individual's well-being and mental health, to resolve or mitigate troublesome behaviors, beliefs, compulsions, thoughts, or emotions, and to improve relationships and social skills. Certain psychotherapies are considered evidence-based for treating some diagnosed mental disorders.

text: Psychotherapy

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: psychological

text: methods

text: particularly

text: when

text: based

text: on

text: regular

text: personal

text: interaction

text: to

text: help

text: person

text: change

text: and

text: overcome

text: problems

text: in

text: desired

text: ways

text: Psychotherapy

text: aims

text: to

text: improve

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: well

text: being

text: and

text: mental

text: health

text: to

text: resolve

text: or

text: mitigate

text: troublesome

text: behaviors

text: beliefs

text: compulsions

text: thoughts

text: or

text: emotions

text: and

text: to

text: improve

text: relationships

text: and

text: social

text: skills

text: Certain

text: psychotherapies

text: are

text: considered

text: evidence

text: based

text: for

text: treating

text: some

text: diagnosed

text: mental

text: disorders

text: Anticonvulsants (also commonly known as antiepileptic drugs or as antiseizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. Anticonvulsants are also increasingly being used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, since many seem to act as mood stabilizers, and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Anticonvulsants suppress the rapid and excessive firing of neurons during seizures. Anticonvulsants also prevent the spread of the seizure within the brain. Some investigators have observed that anticonvulsants themselves may cause reduced IQ in children. However these adverse effects must be balanced against the significant risk epileptic seizures pose to children and the distinct possibility of death and devastating neurological sequelae secondary to seizures. Anticonvulsants are more accurately called antiepileptic drugs (abbreviated "AEDs"), and are often referred to as antiseizure drugs because they provide symptomatic treatment only and have not been demonstrated to alter the course of epilepsy.

text: Anticonvulsants

text: also

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: antiepileptic

text: drugs

text: or

text: as

text: antiseizure

text: drugs

text: are

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: pharmacological

text: agents

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: epileptic

text: seizures

text: Anticonvulsants

text: are

text: also

text: increasingly

text: being

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: and

text: borderline

text: personality

text: disorder

text: since

text: many

text: seem

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: mood

text: stabilizers

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: neuropathic

text: pain

text: Anticonvulsants

text: suppress

text: the

text: rapid

text: and

text: excessive

text: firing

text: of

text: neurons

text: during

text: seizures

text: Anticonvulsants

text: also

text: prevent

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: seizure

text: within

text: the

text: brain

text: Some

text: investigators

text: have

text: observed

text: that

text: anticonvulsants

text: themselves

text: may

text: cause

text: reduced

text: IQ

text: in

text: children

text: However

text: these

text: adverse

text: effects

text: must

text: be

text: balanced

text: against

text: the

text: significant

text: risk

text: epileptic

text: seizures

text: pose

text: to

text: children

text: and

text: the

text: distinct

text: possibility

text: of

text: death

text: and

text: devastating

text: neurological

text: sequelae

text: secondary

text: to

text: seizures

text: Anticonvulsants

text: are

text: more

text: accurately

text: called

text: antiepileptic

text: drugs

text: abbreviated

text: AEDs

text: and

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: antiseizure

text: drugs

text: because

text: they

text: provide

text: symptomatic

text: treatment

text: only

text: and

text: have

text: not

text: been

text: demonstrated

text: to

text: alter

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: epilepsy

text: Bipolar I disorder (BP-I; pronounced "type one bipolar disorder") is a bipolar spectrum disorder characterized by the occurrence of at least one manic or mixed episode. Most patients also, at other times, have one or more depressive episodes, and all experience a hypomanic stage before progressing to full mania.

text: Bipolar

text: disorder

text: BP

text: pronounced

text: type

text: one

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: is

text: bipolar

text: spectrum

text: disorder

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: occurrence

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: manic

text: or

text: mixed

text: episode

text: Most

text: patients

text: also

text: at

text: other

text: times

text: have

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: depressive

text: episodes

text: and

text: all

text: experience

text: hypomanic

text: stage

text: before

text: progressing

text: to

text: full

text: mania

text:
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a mental disorder with periods of depression and periods of elevated mood. The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania or hypomania, depending on its severity, or whether symptoms of psychosis are present. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy, or irritable. Individuals often make poorly thought out decisions with little regard to the consequences. The need for sleep is usually reduced during manic phases. During periods of depression, there may be crying, a negative outlook on life, and poor eye contact with others. The risk of suicide among those with the illness is high at greater than 6 percent over 20 years, while self-harm occurs in 3040 percent. Other mental health issues such as anxiety disorders and substance use disorder are commonly associated.
The causes are not clearly understood, but both environmental and genetic factors play a role. Many genes of small effect contribute to risk. Environmental factors include a history of childhood abuse, and long-term stress. The condition is divided into bipolar I disorder if there is at least one manic episode and bipolar II disorder if there are at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode. In those with less severe symptoms of a prolonged duration, the condition cyclothymic disorder may be diagnosed. If due to drugs or medical problems, it is classified separately. Other conditions that may present in a similar manner include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder as well as a number of medical conditions. Medical testing is not required for a diagnosis, though blood tests or medical imaging can be done to rule out other problems.
Treatment commonly includes psychotherapy, as well as medications such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. Examples of mood stabilizers that are commonly used include lithium and various anticonvulsants. Treatment in a hospital without the individual's consent may be required if a person is at risk to themselves or others but refuses treatment. Severe behavioral problems may be managed with short term antipsychotics or benzodiazepines. In periods of mania it is recommended that antidepressants be stopped. If antidepressants are used for periods of depression they should be used with a mood stabilizer. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be helpful for those who do not respond to other treatments. If treatments are stopped, it is recommended that this be done slowly. Many individuals have financial, social or work-related problems due to the illness. These difficulties occur a quarter to a third of the time on average. The risk of death from natural causes such as heart disease is twice that of the general population. This is due to poor lifestyle choices and the side effects from medications.
About 3 percent of people in the United States are estimated to have bipolar disorder at some point in their life. Lower rates of around 1 percent are found in other countries. The most common age at which symptoms begin is 25. Rates appear to be similar in females and males. The economic costs of the disorder has been estimated at $45 billion for the United States in 1991. A large proportion of this was related to a higher number of missed work days, estimated at 50 per year. People with bipolar disorder often face problems with social stigma.

text: Bipolar

text: disorder

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: manic

text: depression

text: is

text: mental

text: disorder

text: with

text: periods

text: of

text: depression

text: and

text: periods

text: of

text: elevated

text: mood

text: The

text: elevated

text: mood

text: is

text: significant

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: mania

text: or

text: hypomania

text: depending

text: on

text: its

text: severity

text: or

text: whether

text: symptoms

text: of

text: psychosis

text: are

text: present

text: During

text: mania

text: an

text: individual

text: behaves

text: or

text: feels

text: abnormally

text: energetic

text: happy

text: or

text: irritable

text: Individuals

text: often

text: make

text: poorly

text: thought

text: out

text: decisions

text: with

text: little

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: consequences

text: The

text: need

text: for

text: sleep

text: is

text: usually

text: reduced

text: during

text: manic

text: phases

text: During

text: periods

text: of

text: depression

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: crying

text: negative

text: outlook

text: on

text: life

text: and

text: poor

text: eye

text: contact

text: with

text: others

text: The

text: risk

text: of

text: suicide

text: among

text: those

text: with

text: the

text: illness

text: is

text: high

text: at

text: greater

text: than

text: percent

text: over

text: years

text: while

text: self

text: harm

text: occurs

text: in

text: percent

text: Other

text: mental

text: health

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: anxiety

text: disorders

text: and

text: substance

text: use

text: disorder

text: are

text: commonly

text: associated

text: The

text: causes

text: are

text: not

text: clearly

text: understood

text: but

text: both

text: environmental

text: and

text: genetic

text: factors

text: play

text: role

text: Many

text: genes

text: of

text: small

text: effect

text: contribute

text: to

text: risk

text: Environmental

text: factors

text: include

text: history

text: of

text: childhood

text: abuse

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: stress

text: The

text: condition

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: if

text: there

text: is

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: manic

text: episode

text: and

text: bipolar

text: II

text: disorder

text: if

text: there

text: are

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: hypomanic

text: episode

text: and

text: one

text: major

text: depressive

text: episode

text: In

text: those

text: with

text: less

text: severe

text: symptoms

text: of

text: prolonged

text: duration

text: the

text: condition

text: cyclothymic

text: disorder

text: may

text: be

text: diagnosed

text: If

text: due

text: to

text: drugs

text: or

text: medical

text: problems

text: it

text: is

text: classified

text: separately

text: Other

text: conditions

text: that

text: may

text: present

text: in

text: similar

text: manner

text: include

text: attention

text: deficit

text: hyperactivity

text: disorder

text: personality

text: disorders

text: schizophrenia

text: and

text: substance

text: use

text: disorder

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: number

text: of

text: medical

text: conditions

text: Medical

text: testing

text: is

text: not

text: required

text: for

text: diagnosis

text: though

text: blood

text: tests

text: or

text: medical

text: imaging

text: can

text: be

text: done

text: to

text: rule

text: out

text: other

text: problems

text: Treatment

text: commonly

text: includes

text: psychotherapy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: medications

text: such

text: as

text: mood

text: stabilizers

text: and

text: antipsychotics

text: Examples

text: of

text: mood

text: stabilizers

text: that

text: are

text: commonly

text: used

text: include

text: lithium

text: and

text: various

text: anticonvulsants

text: Treatment

text: in

text: hospital

text: without

text: the

text: individual

text: 's

text: consent

text: may

text: be

text: required

text: if

text: person

text: is

text: at

text: risk

text: to

text: themselves

text: or

text: others

text: but

text: refuses

text: treatment

text: Severe

text: behavioral

text: problems

text: may

text: be

text: managed

text: with

text: short

text: term

text: antipsychotics

text: or

text: benzodiazepines

text: In

text: periods

text: of

text: mania

text: it

text: is

text: recommended

text: that

text: antidepressants

text: be

text: stopped

text: If

text: antidepressants

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: periods

text: of

text: depression

text: they

text: should

text: be

text: used

text: with

text: mood

text: stabilizer

text: Electroconvulsive

text: therapy

text: ECT

text: may

text: be

text: helpful

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: respond

text: to

text: other

text: treatments

text: If

text: treatments

text: are

text: stopped

text: it

text: is

text: recommended

text: that

text: this

text: be

text: done

text: slowly

text: Many

text: individuals

text: have

text: financial

text: social

text: or

text: work

text: related

text: problems

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: illness

text: These

text: difficulties

text: occur

text: quarter

text: to

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: on

text: average

text: The

text: risk

text: of

text: death

text: from

text: natural

text: causes

text: such

text: as

text: heart

text: disease

text: is

text: twice

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: population

text: This

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: poor

text: lifestyle

text: choices

text: and

text: the

text: side

text: effects

text: from

text: medications

text: About

text: percent

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: are

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: their

text: life

text: Lower

text: rates

text: of

text: around

text: percent

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: age

text: at

text: which

text: symptoms

text: begin

text: is

text: Rates

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: similar

text: in

text: females

text: and

text: males

text: The

text: economic

text: costs

text: of

text: the

text: disorder

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: at

text: billion

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: this

text: was

text: related

text: to

text: higher

text: number

text: of

text: missed

text: work

text: days

text: estimated

text: at

text: per

text: year

text: People

text: with

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: often

text: face

text: problems

text: with

text: social

text: stigma

text:
Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by feelings of anxiety and fear. Anxiety is a worry about future events and fear is a reaction to current events. These feelings may cause physical symptoms, such as a fast heart rate and shakiness. There are a number of anxiety disorders: including generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, panic disorder, and selective mutism. The disorder differs by what results in the symptoms. People often have more than one anxiety disorder.
The cause of anxiety disorders is a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include a history of child abuse, family history of mental disorders, and poverty. Anxiety disorders often occur with other mental disorders, particularly major depressive disorder, personality disorder, and substance use disorder. To be diagnosed symptoms typically need to be present at least six months, be more than would be expected for the situation, and decrease functioning. Other problems that may result in similar symptoms including hyperthyroidism, heart disease, caffeine, alcohol, or cannabis use, and withdrawal from certain drugs, among others.
Without treatment, anxiety disorders tend to remain. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, counselling, and medications. Counselling is typically with a type of cognitive behavioural therapy. Medications, such as antidepressants or beta blockers, may improve symptoms.
About 12% of people are affected by an anxiety disorder in a given year and between 5-30% are affected at some point in their life. They occur about twice as often in females as males, and generally begin before the age of 25. The most common are specific phobia which affects nearly 12% and social anxiety disorder which affects 10% at some point in their life. They affect those between the ages of 15 and 35 the most and become less common after the age of 55. Rates appear to be higher in the United States and Europe.

text: Anxiety

text: disorders

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: mental

text: disorders

text: characterized

text: by

text: feelings

text: of

text: anxiety

text: and

text: fear

text: Anxiety

text: is

text: worry

text: about

text: future

text: events

text: and

text: fear

text: is

text: reaction

text: to

text: current

text: events

text: These

text: feelings

text: may

text: cause

text: physical

text: symptoms

text: such

text: as

text: fast

text: heart

text: rate

text: and

text: shakiness

text: There

text: are

text: number

text: of

text: anxiety

text: disorders

text: including

text: generalized

text: anxiety

text: disorder

text: specific

text: phobia

text: social

text: anxiety

text: disorder

text: separation

text: anxiety

text: disorder

text: agoraphobia

text: panic

text: disorder

text: and

text: selective

text: mutism

text: The

text: disorder

text: differs

text: by

text: what

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: symptoms

text: People

text: often

text: have

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: anxiety

text: disorder

text: The

text: cause

text: of

text: anxiety

text: disorders

text: is

text: combination

text: of

text: genetic

text: and

text: environmental

text: factors

text: Risk

text: factors

text: include

text: history

text: of

text: child

text: abuse

text: family

text: history

text: of

text: mental

text: disorders

text: and

text: poverty

text: Anxiety

text: disorders

text: often

text: occur

text: with

text: other

text: mental

text: disorders

text: particularly

text: major

text: depressive

text: disorder

text: personality

text: disorder

text: and

text: substance

text: use

text: disorder

text: To

text: be

text: diagnosed

text: symptoms

text: typically

text: need

text: to

text: be

text: present

text: at

text: least

text: six

text: months

text: be

text: more

text: than

text: would

text: be

text: expected

text: for

text: the

text: situation

text: and

text: decrease

text: functioning

text: Other

text: problems

text: that

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: similar

text: symptoms

text: including

text: hyperthyroidism

text: heart

text: disease

text: caffeine

text: alcohol

text: or

text: cannabis

text: use

text: and

text: withdrawal

text: from

text: certain

text: drugs

text: among

text: others

text: Without

text: treatment

text: anxiety

text: disorders

text: tend

text: to

text: remain

text: Treatment

text: may

text: include

text: lifestyle

text: changes

text: counselling

text: and

text: medications

text: Counselling

text: is

text: typically

text: with

text: type

text: of

text: cognitive

text: behavioural

text: therapy

text: Medications

text: such

text: as

text: antidepressants

text: or

text: beta

text: blockers

text: may

text: improve

text: symptoms

text: About

text: of

text: people

text: are

text: affected

text: by

text: an

text: anxiety

text: disorder

text: in

text: given

text: year

text: and

text: between

text: are

text: affected

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: their

text: life

text: They

text: occur

text: about

text: twice

text: as

text: often

text: in

text: females

text: as

text: males

text: and

text: generally

text: begin

text: before

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: are

text: specific

text: phobia

text: which

text: affects

text: nearly

text: and

text: social

text: anxiety

text: disorder

text: which

text: affects

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: their

text: life

text: They

text: affect

text: those

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: and

text: become

text: less

text: common

text: after

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Rates

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: higher

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Europe

text:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type. It is characterized by problems paying attention, excessive activity, or difficulty controlling behavior which is not appropriate for a person's age. These symptoms begin by age six to twelve, are present for more than six months, and cause problems in at least two settings (such as school, home, or recreational activities). In children, problems paying attention may result in poor school performance. Although it causes impairment, particularly in modern society, many children with ADHD have a good attention span for tasks they find interesting.
Despite being the most commonly studied and diagnosed mental disorder in children and adolescents, the exact cause is unknown in the majority of cases. It affects about 57% of children when diagnosed via the DSM-IV criteria and 12% when diagnosed via the ICD-10 criteria. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that it affected about 39 million people as of 2013. Rates are similar between countries and depend mostly on how it is diagnosed. ADHD is diagnosed approximately three times more often in boys than in girls, although the disorder is often overlooked in girls due to their symptoms differing from those of boys. About 3050% of people diagnosed in childhood continue to have symptoms into adulthood and between 25% of adults have the condition. The condition can be difficult to tell apart from other disorders, as well as to distinguish from high levels of activity that are still within the normal-range.
ADHD management recommendations vary by country and usually involve some combination of counseling, lifestyle changes, and medications. The British guideline only recommends medications as a first-line treatment in children who have severe symptoms and for medication to be considered in those with moderate symptoms who either refuse or fail to improve with counseling, though for adults medications are a first-line treatment. Canadian and American guidelines recommend that medications and behavioral therapy be used together as a first-line therapy, except in preschool-aged children. Stimulant medication therapy is not recommended as a first-line therapy in preschool-aged children in either guideline. Treatment with stimulants is effective for up to 14 months; however, its long term effectiveness is unclear. Adolescents and adults tend to develop coping skills which make up for some or all of their impairments.
The medical literature has described symptoms similar to ADHD since the 19th century. ADHD, its diagnosis, and its treatment have been considered controversial since the 1970s. The controversies have involved clinicians, teachers, policymakers, parents, and the media. Topics include ADHD's causes and the use of stimulant medications in its treatment. Most healthcare providers accept ADHD as a genuine disorder in children and adults, and the debate in the scientific community mainly centers on how it is diagnosed and treated. The condition was officially known as attention deficit disorder (ADD) from 1980 to 1987 while before this it was known as hyperkinetic reaction of childhood.

text: Attention

text: deficit

text: hyperactivity

text: disorder

text: ADHD

text: is

text: mental

text: disorder

text: of

text: the

text: neurodevelopmental

text: type

text: It

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: problems

text: paying

text: attention

text: excessive

text: activity

text: or

text: difficulty

text: controlling

text: behavior

text: which

text: is

text: not

text: appropriate

text: for

text: person

text: 's

text: age

text: These

text: symptoms

text: begin

text: by

text: age

text: six

text: to

text: twelve

text: are

text: present

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: six

text: months

text: and

text: cause

text: problems

text: in

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: settings

text: such

text: as

text: school

text: home

text: or

text: recreational

text: activities

text: In

text: children

text: problems

text: paying

text: attention

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: poor

text: school

text: performance

text: Although

text: it

text: causes

text: impairment

text: particularly

text: in

text: modern

text: society

text: many

text: children

text: with

text: ADHD

text: have

text: good

text: attention

text: span

text: for

text: tasks

text: they

text: find

text: interesting

text: Despite

text: being

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: studied

text: and

text: diagnosed

text: mental

text: disorder

text: in

text: children

text: and

text: adolescents

text: the

text: exact

text: cause

text: is

text: unknown

text: in

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: cases

text: It

text: affects

text: about

text: of

text: children

text: when

text: diagnosed

text: via

text: the

text: DSM

text: IV

text: criteria

text: and

text: when

text: diagnosed

text: via

text: the

text: criteria

text: The

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: WHO

text: estimated

text: that

text: it

text: affected

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: Rates

text: are

text: similar

text: between

text: countries

text: and

text: depend

text: mostly

text: on

text: how

text: it

text: is

text: diagnosed

text: ADHD

text: is

text: diagnosed

text: approximately

text: three

text: times

text: more

text: often

text: in

text: boys

text: than

text: in

text: girls

text: although

text: the

text: disorder

text: is

text: often

text: overlooked

text: in

text: girls

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: symptoms

text: differing

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: boys

text: About

text: of

text: people

text: diagnosed

text: in

text: childhood

text: continue

text: to

text: have

text: symptoms

text: into

text: adulthood

text: and

text: between

text: of

text: adults

text: have

text: the

text: condition

text: The

text: condition

text: can

text: be

text: difficult

text: to

text: tell

text: apart

text: from

text: other

text: disorders

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: to

text: distinguish

text: from

text: high

text: levels

text: of

text: activity

text: that

text: are

text: still

text: within

text: the

text: normal

text: range

text: ADHD

text: management

text: recommendations

text: vary

text: by

text: country

text: and

text: usually

text: involve

text: some

text: combination

text: of

text: counseling

text: lifestyle

text: changes

text: and

text: medications

text: The

text: British

text: guideline

text: only

text: recommends

text: medications

text: as

text: first

text: line

text: treatment

text: in

text: children

text: who

text: have

text: severe

text: symptoms

text: and

text: for

text: medication

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: moderate

text: symptoms

text: who

text: either

text: refuse

text: or

text: fail

text: to

text: improve

text: with

text: counseling

text: though

text: for

text: adults

text: medications

text: are

text: first

text: line

text: treatment

text: Canadian

text: and

text: American

text: guidelines

text: recommend

text: that

text: medications

text: and

text: behavioral

text: therapy

text: be

text: used

text: together

text: as

text: first

text: line

text: therapy

text: except

text: in

text: preschool

text: aged

text: children

text: Stimulant

text: medication

text: therapy

text: is

text: not

text: recommended

text: as

text: first

text: line

text: therapy

text: in

text: preschool

text: aged

text: children

text: in

text: either

text: guideline

text: Treatment

text: with

text: stimulants

text: is

text: effective

text: for

text: up

text: to

text: months

text: however

text: its

text: long

text: term

text: effectiveness

text: is

text: unclear

text: Adolescents

text: and

text: adults

text: tend

text: to

text: develop

text: coping

text: skills

text: which

text: make

text: up

text: for

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: their

text: impairments

text: The

text: medical

text: literature

text: has

text: described

text: symptoms

text: similar

text: to

text: ADHD

text: since

text: the

text: century

text: ADHD

text: its

text: diagnosis

text: and

text: its

text: treatment

text: have

text: been

text: considered

text: controversial

text: since

text: the

text: The

text: controversies

text: have

text: involved

text: clinicians

text: teachers

text: policymakers

text: parents

text: and

text: the

text: media

text: Topics

text: include

text: ADHD

text: 's

text: causes

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: stimulant

text: medications

text: in

text: its

text: treatment

text: Most

text: healthcare

text: providers

text: accept

text: ADHD

text: as

text: genuine

text: disorder

text: in

text: children

text: and

text: adults

text: and

text: the

text: debate

text: in

text: the

text: scientific

text: community

text: mainly

text: centers

text: on

text: how

text: it

text: is

text: diagnosed

text: and

text: treated

text: The

text: condition

text: was

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: attention

text: deficit

text: disorder

text: ADD

text: from

text: to

text: while

text: before

text: this

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: hyperkinetic

text: reaction

text: of

text: childhood

text:
A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a diagnosis by a mental health professional of a behavioral or mental pattern that may cause suffering or a poor ability to function in life. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode. Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.
The causes of mental disorders are often unclear. Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields. Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks. This may be associated with particular regions or functions of the brain, often in a social context. A mental disorder is one aspect of mental health. Cultural and religious beliefs, as well as social norms, should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.
Services are based in psychiatric hospitals or in the community, and assessments are carried out by psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and clinical social workers, using various methods but often relying on observation and questioning. Treatments are provided by various mental health professionals. Psychotherapy and psychiatric medication are two major treatment options. Other treatments include social interventions, peer support, and self-help. In a minority of cases there might be involuntary detention or treatment. Prevention programs have been shown to reduce depression.
Common mental disorders include depression, which affects about 400 million, dementia which affects about 35 million, and schizophrenia, which affects about 21 million people globally. Stigma and discrimination can add to the suffering and disability associated with mental disorders, leading to various social movements attempting to increase understanding and challenge social exclusion.

text: mental

text: disorder

text: also

text: called

text: mental

text: illness

text: or

text: psychiatric

text: disorder

text: is

text: diagnosis

text: by

text: mental

text: health

text: professional

text: of

text: behavioral

text: or

text: mental

text: pattern

text: that

text: may

text: cause

text: suffering

text: or

text: poor

text: ability

text: to

text: function

text: in

text: life

text: Such

text: features

text: may

text: be

text: persistent

text: relapsing

text: and

text: remitting

text: or

text: occur

text: as

text: single

text: episode

text: Many

text: disorders

text: have

text: been

text: described

text: with

text: signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: that

text: vary

text: widely

text: between

text: specific

text: disorders

text: The

text: causes

text: of

text: mental

text: disorders

text: are

text: often

text: unclear

text: Theories

text: may

text: incorporate

text: findings

text: from

text: range

text: of

text: fields

text: Mental

text: disorders

text: are

text: usually

text: defined

text: by

text: combination

text: of

text: how

text: person

text: behaves

text: feels

text: perceives

text: or

text: thinks

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: associated

text: with

text: particular

text: regions

text: or

text: functions

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: often

text: in

text: social

text: context

text: mental

text: disorder

text: is

text: one

text: aspect

text: of

text: mental

text: health

text: Cultural

text: and

text: religious

text: beliefs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: social

text: norms

text: should

text: be

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: when

text: making

text: diagnosis

text: Services

text: are

text: based

text: in

text: psychiatric

text: hospitals

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: community

text: and

text: assessments

text: are

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: psychiatrists

text: clinical

text: psychologists

text: and

text: clinical

text: social

text: workers

text: using

text: various

text: methods

text: but

text: often

text: relying

text: on

text: observation

text: and

text: questioning

text: Treatments

text: are

text: provided

text: by

text: various

text: mental

text: health

text: professionals

text: Psychotherapy

text: and

text: psychiatric

text: medication

text: are

text: two

text: major

text: treatment

text: options

text: Other

text: treatments

text: include

text: social

text: interventions

text: peer

text: support

text: and

text: self

text: help

text: In

text: minority

text: of

text: cases

text: there

text: might

text: be

text: involuntary

text: detention

text: or

text: treatment

text: Prevention

text: programs

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: reduce

text: depression

text: Common

text: mental

text: disorders

text: include

text: depression

text: which

text: affects

text: about

text: million

text: dementia

text: which

text: affects

text: about

text: million

text: and

text: schizophrenia

text: which

text: affects

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: globally

text: Stigma

text: and

text: discrimination

text: can

text: add

text: to

text: the

text: suffering

text: and

text: disability

text: associated

text: with

text: mental

text: disorders

text: leading

text: to

text: various

text: social

text: movements

text: attempting

text: to

text: increase

text: understanding

text: and

text: challenge

text: social

text: exclusion

text: Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions, including dysthymia, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, neuropathic pain and, in some cases, dysmenorrhoea, snoring, migraine, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), addiction, dependence, and sleep disorders. They may be prescribed alone or in combination with other medications.

text: Antidepressants

text: are

text: drugs

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: major

text: depressive

text: disorder

text: and

text: other

text: conditions

text: including

text: dysthymia

text: anxiety

text: disorders

text: obsessive

text: compulsive

text: disorder

text: eating

text: disorders

text: chronic

text: pain

text: neuropathic

text: pain

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: dysmenorrhoea

text: snoring

text: migraine

text: attention

text: deficit

text: hyperactivity

text: disorder

text: ADHD

text: addiction

text: dependence

text: and

text: sleep

text: disorders

text: They

text: may

text: be

text: prescribed

text: alone

text: or

text: in

text: combination

text: with

text: other

text: medications

text:
Daniel Dale Johnston (born January 22, 1961) is an American singer-songwriter, musician, and artist. Johnston was the subject of the 2005 documentary "The Devil and Daniel Johnston."
Johnston has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He has been regarded as an important figure in outsider, lo-fi and alternative music scenes.

text: Daniel

text: Dale

text: Johnston

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: musician

text: and

text: artist

text: Johnston

text: was

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: the

text: documentary

text: The

text: Devil

text: and

text: Daniel

text: Johnston

text: Johnston

text: has

text: been

text: diagnosed

text: with

text: schizophrenia

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: regarded

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: figure

text: in

text: outsider

text: lo

text: fi

text: and

text: alternative

text: music

text: scenes

text:
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Risk factors include mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, alcoholism, or substance misuse. Others are impulsive acts due to stress such as from financial difficulties, troubles with relationships, or from bullying. Those who have previously attempted suicide are at higher risk for future attempts. Suicide prevention efforts include limiting access to method of suicide, such as firearms and poisons, treating mental disorders and substance misuse, proper media reporting of suicide, and improving economic conditions. Although crisis hotlines are common, there is little evidence for their effectiveness.
The most commonly used method of suicide varies between countries, and is partly related to the availability of effective means. Common methods include hanging, pesticide poisoning, and firearms. Suicide resulted in 842,000 deaths globally in 2013 (up from 712,000 deaths in 1990). This makes it the 10th leading cause of death worldwide.
Approximately 0.5% to 1.4% of people die by suicide, about 12 per 100,000 persons per year. Three quarters of suicides globally occur in the developing world. Rates of completed suicides are generally higher in men than in women, ranging from 1.5 times as much in the developing world to 3.5 times in the developed world. Suicide is generally most common among those over the age of 70; however, in certain countries those aged between 15 and 30 are at highest risk. There are an estimated 10 to 20 million non-fatal attempted suicides every year. Non-fatal suicide attempts may lead to injury and long-term disabilities. In the Western world, attempts are more common in young people and females.
Views on suicide have been influenced by broad existential themes such as religion, honor, and the meaning of life. The Abrahamic religions traditionally consider suicide an offense towards God due to the belief in the sanctity of life. During the samurai era in Japan, a form of suicide known as seppuku was respected as a means of making up for failure or as a form of protest. Sati, a practice outlawed by the British Raj, expected the Indian widow to kill herself on her husband's funeral fire, either willingly or under pressure from the family and society. Suicide and attempted suicide, while previously illegal, are no longer in most Western countries. It remains a criminal offense in many countries. In the 20th and 21st centuries, suicide has been used on rare occasions as a form of protest, and kamikaze and suicide bombings have been used as a military or terrorist tactic. The word is from the Latin "suicidium", which means "the killing of oneself".
Definitions.
Suicide, also known as completed suicide, is the "act of taking one's own life". Attempted suicide or non-fatal suicidal behavior is self-injury with the desire to end one's life that does not result in death. Assisted suicide is when one individual helps another bring about their own death indirectly via providing either advice or the means to the end. This is in contrast to euthanasia, where another person takes a more active role in bringing about a person's death. Suicidal ideation is thoughts of ending one's life but not taking any active efforts to do so.

text: Suicide

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: intentionally

text: causing

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: death

text: Risk

text: factors

text: include

text: mental

text: disorders

text: such

text: as

text: depression

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: schizophrenia

text: personality

text: disorders

text: alcoholism

text: or

text: substance

text: misuse

text: Others

text: are

text: impulsive

text: acts

text: due

text: to

text: stress

text: such

text: as

text: from

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: troubles

text: with

text: relationships

text: or

text: from

text: bullying

text: Those

text: who

text: have

text: previously

text: attempted

text: suicide

text: are

text: at

text: higher

text: risk

text: for

text: future

text: attempts

text: Suicide

text: prevention

text: efforts

text: include

text: limiting

text: access

text: to

text: method

text: of

text: suicide

text: such

text: as

text: firearms

text: and

text: poisons

text: treating

text: mental

text: disorders

text: and

text: substance

text: misuse

text: proper

text: media

text: reporting

text: of

text: suicide

text: and

text: improving

text: economic

text: conditions

text: Although

text: crisis

text: hotlines

text: are

text: common

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: evidence

text: for

text: their

text: effectiveness

text: The

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: method

text: of

text: suicide

text: varies

text: between

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: partly

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: effective

text: means

text: Common

text: methods

text: include

text: hanging

text: pesticide

text: poisoning

text: and

text: firearms

text: Suicide

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: globally

text: in

text: up

text: from

text: deaths

text: in

text: This

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: leading

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: worldwide

text: Approximately

text: to

text: of

text: people

text: die

text: by

text: suicide

text: about

text: per

text: persons

text: per

text: year

text: Three

text: quarters

text: of

text: suicides

text: globally

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: Rates

text: of

text: completed

text: suicides

text: are

text: generally

text: higher

text: in

text: men

text: than

text: in

text: women

text: ranging

text: from

text: times

text: as

text: much

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: to

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: Suicide

text: is

text: generally

text: most

text: common

text: among

text: those

text: over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: however

text: in

text: certain

text: countries

text: those

text: aged

text: between

text: and

text: are

text: at

text: highest

text: risk

text: There

text: are

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: non

text: fatal

text: attempted

text: suicides

text: every

text: year

text: Non

text: fatal

text: suicide

text: attempts

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: injury

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: disabilities

text: In

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: attempts

text: are

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: young

text: people

text: and

text: females

text: Views

text: on

text: suicide

text: have

text: been

text: influenced

text: by

text: broad

text: existential

text: themes

text: such

text: as

text: religion

text: honor

text: and

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: life

text: The

text: Abrahamic

text: religions

text: traditionally

text: consider

text: suicide

text: an

text: offense

text: towards

text: God

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: sanctity

text: of

text: life

text: During

text: the

text: samurai

text: era

text: in

text: Japan

text: form

text: of

text: suicide

text: known

text: as

text: seppuku

text: was

text: respected

text: as

text: means

text: of

text: making

text: up

text: for

text: failure

text: or

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: protest

text: Sati

text: practice

text: outlawed

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

text: expected

text: the

text: Indian

text: widow

text: to

text: kill

text: herself

text: on

text: her

text: husband

text: 's

text: funeral

text: fire

text: either

text: willingly

text: or

text: under

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: family

text: and

text: society

text: Suicide

text: and

text: attempted

text: suicide

text: while

text: previously

text: illegal

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: in

text: most

text: Western

text: countries

text: It

text: remains

text: criminal

text: offense

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: suicide

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: on

text: rare

text: occasions

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: protest

text: and

text: kamikaze

text: and

text: suicide

text: bombings

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: military

text: or

text: terrorist

text: tactic

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: suicidium

text: which

text: means

text: the

text: killing

text: of

text: oneself

text: Definitions

text: Suicide

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: completed

text: suicide

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: taking

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: life

text: Attempted

text: suicide

text: or

text: non

text: fatal

text: suicidal

text: behavior

text: is

text: self

text: injury

text: with

text: the

text: desire

text: to

text: end

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: result

text: in

text: death

text: Assisted

text: suicide

text: is

text: when

text: one

text: individual

text: helps

text: another

text: bring

text: about

text: their

text: own

text: death

text: indirectly

text: via

text: providing

text: either

text: advice

text: or

text: the

text: means

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: This

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: euthanasia

text: where

text: another

text: person

text: takes

text: more

text: active

text: role

text: in

text: bringing

text: about

text: person

text: 's

text: death

text: Suicidal

text: ideation

text: is

text: thoughts

text: of

text: ending

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: but

text: not

text: taking

text: any

text: active

text: efforts

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: Bipolar II disorder (BP-II; pronounced "type two bipolar disorder") is a bipolar spectrum disorder (see also Bipolar disorder) characterized by at least one episode of hypomania and at least one episode of major depression. Diagnosis for bipolar II disorder requires that the individual must never have experienced a full manic episode (unless it was caused by an antidepressant medication; otherwise one manic episode meets the criteria for bipolar I disorder).

text: Bipolar

text: II

text: disorder

text: BP

text: II

text: pronounced

text: type

text: two

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: is

text: bipolar

text: spectrum

text: disorder

text: see

text: also

text: Bipolar

text: disorder

text: characterized

text: by

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: episode

text: of

text: hypomania

text: and

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: episode

text: of

text: major

text: depression

text: Diagnosis

text: for

text: bipolar

text: II

text: disorder

text: requires

text: that

text: the

text: individual

text: must

text: never

text: have

text: experienced

text: full

text: manic

text: episode

text: unless

text: it

text: was

text: caused

text: by

text: an

text: antidepressant

text: medication

text: otherwise

text: one

text: manic

text: episode

text: meets

text: the

text: criteria

text: for

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), formerly known as electroshock therapy, and often referred to as shock treatment, is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in patients to provide relief from psychiatric illnesses. The ECT procedure was first conducted in 1938 and is the only currently used form of shock therapy in psychiatry. ECT is often used with informed consent as a last line of intervention for major depressive disorder, mania, and catatonia. ECT machines have been placed in the Class III category (high risk) by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1976.

text: Electroconvulsive

text: therapy

text: ECT

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: electroshock

text: therapy

text: and

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: shock

text: treatment

text: is

text: psychiatric

text: treatment

text: in

text: which

text: seizures

text: are

text: electrically

text: induced

text: in

text: patients

text: to

text: provide

text: relief

text: from

text: psychiatric

text: illnesses

text: The

text: ECT

text: procedure

text: was

text: first

text: conducted

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: currently

text: used

text: form

text: of

text: shock

text: therapy

text: in

text: psychiatry

text: ECT

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: with

text: informed

text: consent

text: as

text: last

text: line

text: of

text: intervention

text: for

text: major

text: depressive

text: disorder

text: mania

text: and

text: catatonia

text: ECT

text: machines

text: have

text: been

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: Class

text: III

text: category

text: high

text: risk

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Food

text: and

text: Drug

text: Administration

text: FDA

text: since

text: Self-harm (SH), also known as self-injury, is defined as the intentional, direct injuring of body tissue, done without suicidal intentions. These terms are used in the more recent literature in an attempt to reach a more neutral terminology. The older literature, especially that which predates the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), almost exclusively refers to self-mutilation.

text: Self

text: harm

text: SH

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: self

text: injury

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: intentional

text: direct

text: injuring

text: of

text: body

text: tissue

text: done

text: without

text: suicidal

text: intentions

text: These

text: terms

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: more

text: recent

text: literature

text: in

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: reach

text: more

text: neutral

text: terminology

text: The

text: older

text: literature

text: especially

text: that

text: which

text: predates

text: the

text: Diagnostic

text: and

text: Statistical

text: Manual

text: of

text: Mental

text: Disorders

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: refers

text: to

text: self

text: mutilation

text: The Devil and Daniel Johnston is a 2005 documentary film about the noted American musician Daniel Johnston . It chronicles Johnston 's life from childhood up to the present , with an emphasis on his experiences with bipolar disorder , and how it manifested itself in demonic self - obsession . The film was directed by Jeff Feuerzeig and produced by Henry S. Rosenthal .

text: The

text: Devil

text: and

text: Daniel

text: Johnston

text: is

text: documentary

text: film

text: about

text: the

text: noted

text: American

text: musician

text: Daniel

text: Johnston

text: It

text: chronicles

text: Johnston

text: 's

text: life

text: from

text: childhood

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: with

text: an

text: emphasis

text: on

text: his

text: experiences

text: with

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: and

text: how

text: it

text: manifested

text: itself

text: in

text: demonic

text: self

text: obsession

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Jeff

text: Feuerzeig

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Henry

text: Rosenthal

text: Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon. Diagnosis is used in many different disciplines with variations in the use of logic, analytics, and experience to determine "cause and effect". In systems engineering and computer science, it is typically used to determine the causes of symptoms, mitigations, and solutions.

text: Diagnosis

text: is

text: the

text: identification

text: of

text: the

text: nature

text: and

text: cause

text: of

text: certain

text: phenomenon

text: Diagnosis

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: many

text: different

text: disciplines

text: with

text: variations

text: in

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: logic

text: analytics

text: and

text: experience

text: to

text: determine

text: cause

text: and

text: effect

text: In

text: systems

text: engineering

text: and

text: computer

text: science

text: it

text: is

text: typically

text: used

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: causes

text: of

text: symptoms

text: mitigations

text: and

text: solutions

text: Psychosis is an abnormal condition of the mind that involves a "loss of contact with reality". People experiencing psychosis may exhibit personality changes and thought disorder. Depending on its severity, this may be accompanied by unusual or bizarre behavior, as well as difficulty with social interaction and impairment in carrying out daily life activities.

text: Psychosis

text: is

text: an

text: abnormal

text: condition

text: of

text: the

text: mind

text: that

text: involves

text: loss

text: of

text: contact

text: with

text: reality

text: People

text: experiencing

text: psychosis

text: may

text: exhibit

text: personality

text: changes

text: and

text: thought

text: disorder

text: Depending

text: on

text: its

text: severity

text: this

text: may

text: be

text: accompanied

text: by

text: unusual

text: or

text: bizarre

text: behavior

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: difficulty

text: with

text: social

text: interaction

text: and

text: impairment

text: in

text: carrying

text: out

text: daily

text: life

text: activities

text:
Antipsychotics also known as neuroleptics or major tranquilizers, are a class of medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They are increasingly being used in the management of non-psychotic disorders. Antipsychotics are usually effective in relieving symptoms of psychosis in the short term.
The long-term use of antipsychotics is associated with side effects such as involuntary movement disorders and metabolic syndrome. They are also associated with increased mortality in elderly people with dementia.
First-generation antipsychotics, known as typical antipsychotics, were discovered in the 1950s. Most second-generation drugs, known as atypical antipsychotics, have been developed more recently, although the first atypical antipsychotic, clozapine, was discovered in the 1960s and introduced clinically in the 1970s. Both generations of medication tend to block receptors in the brain's dopamine pathways, but atypicals tend to act on serotonin receptors as well. Neuroleptic, which originates from the Greek word  "neuron" ("nerve") and  "lepsis" ("seizure" or "fit"), is a reference to neurological side effects.
Medical uses.
Antipsychotics are most frequently used for the following conditions:

text: Antipsychotics

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: neuroleptics

text: or

text: major

text: tranquilizers

text: are

text: class

text: of

text: medication

text: primarily

text: used

text: to

text: manage

text: psychosis

text: including

text: delusions

text: hallucinations

text: paranoia

text: or

text: disordered

text: thought

text: principally

text: in

text: schizophrenia

text: and

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: They

text: are

text: increasingly

text: being

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: management

text: of

text: non

text: psychotic

text: disorders

text: Antipsychotics

text: are

text: usually

text: effective

text: in

text: relieving

text: symptoms

text: of

text: psychosis

text: in

text: the

text: short

text: term

text: The

text: long

text: term

text: use

text: of

text: antipsychotics

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: side

text: effects

text: such

text: as

text: involuntary

text: movement

text: disorders

text: and

text: metabolic

text: syndrome

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: increased

text: mortality

text: in

text: elderly

text: people

text: with

text: dementia

text: First

text: generation

text: antipsychotics

text: known

text: as

text: typical

text: antipsychotics

text: were

text: discovered

text: in

text: the

text: Most

text: second

text: generation

text: drugs

text: known

text: as

text: atypical

text: antipsychotics

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: more

text: recently

text: although

text: the

text: first

text: atypical

text: antipsychotic

text: clozapine

text: was

text: discovered

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: introduced

text: clinically

text: in

text: the

text: Both

text: generations

text: of

text: medication

text: tend

text: to

text: block

text: receptors

text: in

text: the

text: brain

text: 's

text: dopamine

text: pathways

text: but

text: atypicals

text: tend

text: to

text: act

text: on

text: serotonin

text: receptors

text: as

text: well

text: Neuroleptic

text: which

text: originates

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: word

text: neuron

text: nerve

text: and

text: lepsis

text: seizure

text: or

text: fit

text: is

text: reference

text: to

text: neurological

text: side

text: effects

text: Medical

text: uses

text: Antipsychotics

text: are

text: most

text: frequently

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: following

text: conditions

text: Medical imaging is the technique and process of creating visual representations of the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology). Medical imaging seeks to reveal internal structures hidden by the skin and bones, as well as to diagnose and treat disease. Medical imaging also establishes a database of normal anatomy and physiology to make it possible to identify abnormalities. Although imaging of removed organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are usually considered part of pathology instead of medical imaging.

text: Medical

text: imaging

text: is

text: the

text: technique

text: and

text: process

text: of

text: creating

text: visual

text: representations

text: of

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: body

text: for

text: clinical

text: analysis

text: and

text: medical

text: intervention

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: visual

text: representation

text: of

text: the

text: function

text: of

text: some

text: organs

text: or

text: tissues

text: physiology

text: Medical

text: imaging

text: seeks

text: to

text: reveal

text: internal

text: structures

text: hidden

text: by

text: the

text: skin

text: and

text: bones

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: to

text: diagnose

text: and

text: treat

text: disease

text: Medical

text: imaging

text: also

text: establishes

text: database

text: of

text: normal

text: anatomy

text: and

text: physiology

text: to

text: make

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: identify

text: abnormalities

text: Although

text: imaging

text: of

text: removed

text: organs

text: and

text: tissues

text: can

text: be

text: performed

text: for

text: medical

text: reasons

text: such

text: procedures

text: are

text: usually

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: pathology

text: instead

text: of

text: medical

text: imaging

question: main_subject the devil and daniel johnston

answer: mental health

text: mental health

text: mental health

text: mental health

text: mental health

text: mental health

text: mental health