text: Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean meet. It is south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Haiti, and north of Jamaica. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola, with over 11 million inhabitants.

text: Cuba

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Cuba

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Cuba

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Isla

text: de

text: la

text: Juventud

text: and

text: several

text: minor

text: archipelagos

text: Cuba

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Caribbean

text: where

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: meet

text: It

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Florida

text: and

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: west

text: of

text: Haiti

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: Havana

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: capital

text: other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Cuba

text: and

text: Camagüey

text: Cuba

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: after

text: Hispaniola

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The Irish Sea (, , , Ulster-Scots: "Airish Sea"), separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain. It is connected to the Celtic Sea in the south by St George's Channel, and to the Inner Seas off the West Coast of Scotland in the north by the North Channel. Anglesey is the largest island within the Irish Sea, followed by the Isle of Man. The sea is occasionally, but rarely, referred to as the Manx Sea.

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: Ulster

text: Scots

text: Airish

text: Sea

text: separates

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: St

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Inner

text: Seas

text: off

text: the

text: West

text: Coast

text: of

text: Scotland

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: Anglesey

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: within

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: occasionally

text: but

text: rarely

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Manx

text: Sea

text: Surrey is a county in the south east of England and also one of the home counties bordering Greater London. Surrey shares borders with Kent to the east, East Sussex to the south-east, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west and south-west and Berkshire to the north-west. The county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames, administered as part of Greater London since 1965. With a resident population of 1.1 million, Surrey is the most densely populated and third most populated county in the South East region, after Kent and Hampshire.

text: Surrey

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: counties

text: bordering

text: Greater

text: London

text: Surrey

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: Kent

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: East

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: West

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Hampshire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: Berkshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Guildford

text: Surrey

text: County

text: Council

text: sits

text: extraterritorially

text: at

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: administered

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: since

text: With

text: resident

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Surrey

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: and

text: third

text: most

text: populated

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: region

text: after

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hampshire

text: The London Assembly is an elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds majority, to amend the Mayor's annual budget and to reject the Mayor's draft statutory strategies. The assembly was established in 2000 and meets at City Hall on the South Bank of the River Thames, close to Tower Bridge. The assembly is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners (transport, environmental matters, etc.), publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the Mayor.

text: The

text: London

text: Assembly

text: is

text: an

text: elected

text: body

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: London

text: Authority

text: that

text: scrutinises

text: the

text: activities

text: of

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: power

text: with

text: two

text: thirds

text: majority

text: to

text: amend

text: the

text: Mayor

text: 's

text: annual

text: budget

text: and

text: to

text: reject

text: the

text: Mayor

text: 's

text: draft

text: statutory

text: strategies

text: The

text: assembly

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: meets

text: at

text: City

text: Hall

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: Bank

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: close

text: to

text: Tower

text: Bridge

text: The

text: assembly

text: is

text: also

text: able

text: to

text: investigate

text: other

text: issues

text: of

text: importance

text: to

text: Londoners

text: transport

text: environmental

text: matters

text: etc

text: publish

text: its

text: findings

text: and

text: recommendations

text: and

text: make

text: proposals

text: to

text: the

text: Mayor

text: The Berlin Wall was a barrier that divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and was completed in 1992. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the Wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.

text: The

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: was

text: barrier

text: that

text: divided

text: Berlin

text: from

text: to

text: Constructed

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: GDR

text: East

text: Germany

text: starting

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: Wall

text: completely

text: cut

text: off

text: by

text: land

text: West

text: Berlin

text: from

text: surrounding

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: from

text: East

text: Berlin

text: until

text: government

text: officials

text: opened

text: it

text: in

text: November

text: Its

text: demolition

text: officially

text: began

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: The

text: barrier

text: included

text: guard

text: towers

text: placed

text: along

text: large

text: concrete

text: walls

text: which

text: circumscribed

text: wide

text: area

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: death

text: strip

text: that

text: contained

text: anti

text: vehicle

text: trenches

text: fakir

text: beds

text: and

text: other

text: defenses

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: Wall

text: was

text: erected

text: to

text: protect

text: its

text: population

text: from

text: fascist

text: elements

text: conspiring

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: building

text: socialist

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Germany

text: In

text: practice

text: the

text: Wall

text: served

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: massive

text: emigration

text: and

text: defection

text: that

text: had

text: marked

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: communist

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: during

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: period

text: The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review. Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and 30 other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: judicial

text: forum

text: and

text: final

text: court

text: of

text: appeal

text: under

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: India

text: the

text: highest

text: constitutional

text: court

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: constitutional

text: review

text: Consisting

text: of

text: the

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: other

text: judges

text: it

text: has

text: extensive

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: original

text: appellate

text: and

text: advisory

text: jurisdictions

text: The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada, the final court of appeals in the Canadian justice system. The court grants permission to between 40 and 75 litigants each year to appeal decisions rendered by provincial, territorial and federal appellate courts. Its decisions are the ultimate expression and application of Canadian law and binding upon all lower courts of Canada, except to the extent that they are overridden or otherwise made ineffective by an Act of Parliament or the Act of a provincial legislative assembly pursuant to Section 33 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the notwithstanding clause).

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Canada

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: of

text: Canada

text: the

text: final

text: court

text: of

text: appeals

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: justice

text: system

text: The

text: court

text: grants

text: permission

text: to

text: between

text: and

text: litigants

text: each

text: year

text: to

text: appeal

text: decisions

text: rendered

text: by

text: provincial

text: territorial

text: and

text: federal

text: appellate

text: courts

text: Its

text: decisions

text: are

text: the

text: ultimate

text: expression

text: and

text: application

text: of

text: Canadian

text: law

text: and

text: binding

text: upon

text: all

text: lower

text: courts

text: of

text: Canada

text: except

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: overridden

text: or

text: otherwise

text: made

text: ineffective

text: by

text: an

text: Act

text: of

text: Parliament

text: or

text: the

text: Act

text: of

text: provincial

text: legislative

text: assembly

text: pursuant

text: to

text: Section

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Charter

text: of

text: Rights

text: and

text: Freedoms

text: the

text: notwithstanding

text: clause

text: The is the ambassador from the United States of America to Japan.

text: The

text: is

text: the

text: ambassador

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: to

text: Japan

text: The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SC) ("Adlat-e-Uzma Pkistn") is the apex court in the of Pakistan, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. The Supreme Court has a permanent seat in Islamabad. It also has a number of Branch Registries where cases are heard. The court has a number of "de jure" powers, outlined in the Constitution. Through several periods of military rule and constitutional suspensions (see Doctrine of necessity), the court has also established itself as a "de facto" check on military power.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: SC

text: Adlat

text: Uzma

text: Pkistn

text: is

text: the

text: apex

text: court

text: in

text: the

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: the

text: final

text: arbiter

text: of

text: legal

text: and

text: constitutional

text: disputes

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: has

text: permanent

text: seat

text: in

text: Islamabad

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: number

text: of

text: Branch

text: Registries

text: where

text: cases

text: are

text: heard

text: The

text: court

text: has

text: number

text: of

text: de

text: jure

text: powers

text: outlined

text: in

text: the

text: Constitution

text: Through

text: several

text: periods

text: of

text: military

text: rule

text: and

text: constitutional

text: suspensions

text: see

text: Doctrine

text: of

text: necessity

text: the

text: court

text: has

text: also

text: established

text: itself

text: as

text: de

text: facto

text: check

text: on

text: military

text: power

text: Middlesex (abbreviation: Middx) was a county in southeast England that is now mostly part of Greater London, with small sections in neighbouring counties. It was established in the Anglo-Saxon system from the territory of the Middle Saxons, and existed as an official unit until 1965. The historic county included land stretching north of the River Thames from east to west of the City of London with the rivers Colne and Lea and a ridge of hills as the other boundaries. The largely low-lying county, dominated by clay in its north and alluvium on gravel in its south, was the second smallest by area in 1831.

text: Middlesex

text: abbreviation

text: Middx

text: was

text: county

text: in

text: southeast

text: England

text: that

text: is

text: now

text: mostly

text: part

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: with

text: small

text: sections

text: in

text: neighbouring

text: counties

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: system

text: from

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Saxons

text: and

text: existed

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: unit

text: until

text: The

text: historic

text: county

text: included

text: land

text: stretching

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: from

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: with

text: the

text: rivers

text: Colne

text: and

text: Lea

text: and

text: ridge

text: of

text: hills

text: as

text: the

text: other

text: boundaries

text: The

text: largely

text: low

text: lying

text: county

text: dominated

text: by

text: clay

text: in

text: its

text: north

text: and

text: alluvium

text: on

text: gravel

text: in

text: its

text: south

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: smallest

text: by

text: area

text: in

text: The Mayor of London is an elected politician who, along with the London Assembly of 25 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London. The current mayor is Sadiq Khan, who took up office on 9 May 2016. The position had been held by Ken Livingstone from the creation of the role on 4 May 2000 until he was defeated in 2008 by Boris Johnson, who served two terms before being succeeded by Khan.

text: The

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: an

text: elected

text: politician

text: who

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: of

text: members

text: is

text: accountable

text: for

text: the

text: strategic

text: government

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: The

text: current

text: mayor

text: is

text: Sadiq

text: Khan

text: who

text: took

text: up

text: office

text: on

text: May

text: The

text: position

text: had

text: been

text: held

text: by

text: Ken

text: Livingstone

text: from

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: role

text: on

text: May

text: until

text: he

text: was

text: defeated

text: in

text: by

text: Boris

text: Johnson

text: who

text: served

text: two

text: terms

text: before

text: being

text: succeeded

text: by

text: Khan

text: The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or "shelf") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, with an area of around .

text: The

text: North

text: Sea

text: is

text: marginal

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: located

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Scandinavia

text: Germany

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Belgium

text: and

text: France

text: An

text: epeiric

text: or

text: shelf

text: sea

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continental

text: shelf

text: it

text: connects

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: through

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: around

text: A recess appointment is the appointment, by the President of the United States, of a senior federal official while the U.S. Senate is in recess. The United States Constitution requires that the most senior federal officers must be confirmed by the Senate before assuming office, but while the Senate is in recess the President may act alone by making a recess appointment to fill "Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate." To remain in effect, a recess appointment must be approved by the Senate by the end of the next session of Congress, or the position becomes vacant again; in current practice this means that a recess appointment must be approved by roughly the end of the next calendar year. Recess appointments are authorized by , which states:

text: recess

text: appointment

text: is

text: the

text: appointment

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: senior

text: federal

text: official

text: while

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Senate

text: is

text: in

text: recess

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: requires

text: that

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: federal

text: officers

text: must

text: be

text: confirmed

text: by

text: the

text: Senate

text: before

text: assuming

text: office

text: but

text: while

text: the

text: Senate

text: is

text: in

text: recess

text: the

text: President

text: may

text: act

text: alone

text: by

text: making

text: recess

text: appointment

text: to

text: fill

text: Vacancies

text: that

text: may

text: happen

text: during

text: the

text: Recess

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: To

text: remain

text: in

text: effect

text: recess

text: appointment

text: must

text: be

text: approved

text: by

text: the

text: Senate

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: session

text: of

text: Congress

text: or

text: the

text: position

text: becomes

text: vacant

text: again

text: in

text: current

text: practice

text: this

text: means

text: that

text: recess

text: appointment

text: must

text: be

text: approved

text: by

text: roughly

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: calendar

text: year

text: Recess

text: appointments

text: are

text: authorized

text: by

text: which

text: states

text: John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr. (November 25, 1960  July 16, 1999), often referred to as JFK Jr. or John John, was an American lawyer, journalist, and magazine publisher. He was the only surviving son of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, and younger brother of Caroline Kennedy. His father was assassinated three days before his third birthday.

text: John

text: Fitzgerald

text: Kennedy

text: Jr.

text: November

text: July

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: JFK

text: Jr.

text: or

text: John

text: John

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: lawyer

text: journalist

text: and

text: magazine

text: publisher

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: surviving

text: son

text: of

text: President

text: John

text: Kennedy

text: and

text: First

text: Lady

text: Jacqueline

text: Kennedy

text: and

text: younger

text: brother

text: of

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: His

text: father

text: was

text: assassinated

text: three

text: days

text: before

text: his

text: third

text: birthday

text: The Chief Justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in any of many countries with a justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Canada, the Supreme Court of Singapore, the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Japan, the Supreme Court of India, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, the Supreme Court of Nepal, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Supreme Court of Ireland, the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the High Court of Australia, the Supreme Court of the United States, and provincial or state supreme courts.

text: The

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: is

text: the

text: presiding

text: member

text: of

text: supreme

text: court

text: in

text: any

text: of

text: many

text: countries

text: with

text: justice

text: system

text: based

text: on

text: English

text: common

text: law

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Canada

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Singapore

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Final

text: Appeal

text: of

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Japan

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: India

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Nepal

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Australia

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: provincial

text: or

text: state

text: supreme

text: courts

text: The City of London is a city and county within London. It constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages, but the agglomeration has since grown far beyond the City's borders. The City is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London, though it remains a notable part of central London. Administratively, it forms one of the 33 local authority districts of Greater London; however, the City of London is not a London borough, a status reserved for the other 32 districts (including London's only other city, the City of Westminster).

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: county

text: within

text: London

text: It

text: constituted

text: most

text: of

text: London

text: from

text: its

text: settlement

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: but

text: the

text: agglomeration

text: has

text: since

text: grown

text: far

text: beyond

text: the

text: City

text: 's

text: borders

text: The

text: City

text: is

text: now

text: only

text: tiny

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: metropolis

text: of

text: London

text: though

text: it

text: remains

text: notable

text: part

text: of

text: central

text: London

text: Administratively

text: it

text: forms

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: authority

text: districts

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: however

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: not

text: London

text: borough

text: status

text: reserved

text: for

text: the

text: other

text: districts

text: including

text: London

text: 's

text: only

text: other

text: city

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: The Constitutional Court of South Africa is a supreme constitutional court established by the Constitution of South Africa. It was originally the final appellate court for constitutional matters. Since the enactment of the Superior Courts Act in 2013, the Constitutional Court has jurisdiction to hear any matter if it is in the interests of justice for it to do so.

text: The

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: supreme

text: constitutional

text: court

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: the

text: final

text: appellate

text: court

text: for

text: constitutional

text: matters

text: Since

text: the

text: enactment

text: of

text: the

text: Superior

text: Courts

text: Act

text: in

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: has

text: jurisdiction

text: to

text: hear

text: any

text: matter

text: if

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: justice

text: for

text: it

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: The Peace Corps is a volunteer program run by the United States government. The stated mission of the Peace Corps includes providing technical assistance, helping people outside the United States to understand American culture, and helping Americans to understand the cultures of other countries. The work is generally related to social and economic development. Each program participant, a Peace Corps Volunteer, is an American citizen, typically with a college degree, who works abroad for a period of two years after three months of training.

text: The

text: Peace

text: Corps

text: is

text: volunteer

text: program

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: The

text: stated

text: mission

text: of

text: the

text: Peace

text: Corps

text: includes

text: providing

text: technical

text: assistance

text: helping

text: people

text: outside

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: understand

text: American

text: culture

text: and

text: helping

text: Americans

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: cultures

text: of

text: other

text: countries

text: The

text: work

text: is

text: generally

text: related

text: to

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: development

text: Each

text: program

text: participant

text: Peace

text: Corps

text: Volunteer

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: citizen

text: typically

text: with

text: college

text: degree

text: who

text: works

text: abroad

text: for

text: period

text: of

text: two

text: years

text: after

text: three

text: months

text: of

text: training

text: Caroline Bouvier Kennedy (born November 27, 1957) is an American author, attorney, and diplomat who served as the United States Ambassador to Japan from 2013 to 2017. She is a prominent member of the Kennedy family and the only surviving child of President John F. Kennedy and First Lady Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy. She is a niece of Senators Robert F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy and older sister to the late John F. Kennedy Jr.

text: Caroline

text: Bouvier

text: Kennedy

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: author

text: attorney

text: and

text: diplomat

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Ambassador

text: to

text: Japan

text: from

text: to

text: She

text: is

text: prominent

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Kennedy

text: family

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: surviving

text: child

text: of

text: President

text: John

text: Kennedy

text: and

text: First

text: Lady

text: Jacqueline

text: Bouvier

text: Kennedy

text: She

text: is

text: niece

text: of

text: Senators

text: Robert

text: Kennedy

text: and

text: Ted

text: Kennedy

text: and

text: older

text: sister

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: John

text: Kennedy

text: Jr.

text: Irving Ben Cooper ( born February 7 , 1902 , London , England ; died September 17 , 1996 , New York ) was a U. S. District Court Judge of the Federal District Court of the Southern District of New York from 1962 to 1996 , having received a recess appointment from John F. Kennedy on October 5 , 1961 . In 1970 , he presided over a claim that organized baseball exerted a monopolistic hold on all major and minor league teams , and in 1982 , a complaint filed by Jacqueline Onassis that a photographer was harassing her and her daughter , Caroline Kennedy . He also held the position of Chief Justice in the New York Court of Special Sessions from 1951 to 1960 , during which time he wrote yearly reports on the problems regarding the treatment of young offenders in the criminal justice system , asserting `` It is not impossible for a sentence to be a greater injustice than the criminal act : equivalent to putting a child with a common cold into a smallpox ward for treatment . '' Cooper received his LL.B. from Washington University School of Law in 1925 . His professional career included a private practice in New York City from 1927 to 1938 , the position of Special counsel in the New York City Department of Investigation from 1934 to 1937 . He was a New York City magistrate from 1938 to 1939 , and an Associate Justice in the New York Court of Special Sessions from 1939 to 1951 . From 1960 to 1961 , he was a lecturer for the Menninger Foundation . Cooper 's nomination to the Federal Bench was controversial . Attorney General Herbert Brownell spoke out and said , `` If there was ever a justice who was not deserving of this appointment , I submit it is Irving Ben Cooper . ''

text: Irving

text: Ben

text: Cooper

text: born

text: February

text: London

text: England

text: died

text: September

text: New

text: York

text: was

text: District

text: Court

text: Judge

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: District

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: District

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: from

text: to

text: having

text: received

text: recess

text: appointment

text: from

text: John

text: Kennedy

text: on

text: October

text: In

text: he

text: presided

text: over

text: claim

text: that

text: organized

text: baseball

text: exerted

text: monopolistic

text: hold

text: on

text: all

text: major

text: and

text: minor

text: league

text: teams

text: and

text: in

text: complaint

text: filed

text: by

text: Jacqueline

text: Onassis

text: that

text: photographer

text: was

text: harassing

text: her

text: and

text: her

text: daughter

text: Caroline

text: Kennedy

text: He

text: also

text: held

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Court

text: of

text: Special

text: Sessions

text: from

text: to

text: during

text: which

text: time

text: he

text: wrote

text: yearly

text: reports

text: on

text: the

text: problems

text: regarding

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: young

text: offenders

text: in

text: the

text: criminal

text: justice

text: system

text: asserting

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: impossible

text: for

text: sentence

text: to

text: be

text: greater

text: injustice

text: than

text: the

text: criminal

text: act

text: equivalent

text: to

text: putting

text: child

text: with

text: common

text: cold

text: into

text: smallpox

text: ward

text: for

text: treatment

text: Cooper

text: received

text: his

text: LL.B.

text: from

text: Washington

text: University

text: School

text: of

text: Law

text: in

text: His

text: professional

text: career

text: included

text: private

text: practice

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: Special

text: counsel

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Department

text: of

text: Investigation

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: was

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: magistrate

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: an

text: Associate

text: Justice

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Court

text: of

text: Special

text: Sessions

text: from

text: to

text: From

text: to

text: he

text: was

text: lecturer

text: for

text: the

text: Menninger

text: Foundation

text: Cooper

text: 's

text: nomination

text: to

text: the

text: Federal

text: Bench

text: was

text: controversial

text: Attorney

text: General

text: Herbert

text: Brownell

text: spoke

text: out

text: and

text: said

text: If

text: there

text: was

text: ever

text: justice

text: who

text: was

text: not

text: deserving

text: of

text: this

text: appointment

text: submit

text: it

text: is

text: Irving

text: Ben

text: Cooper

text: Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy (November 20, 1925  June 6, 1968), commonly known by his initials RFK, was an American politician from Massachusetts. He served as the United States junior senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968. He was previously the 64th U.S. Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, serving under his older brother President John F. Kennedy and his successor, President Lyndon B. Johnson. Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and is seen as an icon of modern American liberalism.

text: Robert

text: Francis

text: Bobby

text: Kennedy

text: November

text: June

text: commonly

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: initials

text: RFK

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: from

text: Massachusetts

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: junior

text: senator

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: from

text: January

text: until

text: his

text: assassination

text: in

text: June

text: He

text: was

text: previously

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Attorney

text: General

text: from

text: January

text: to

text: September

text: serving

text: under

text: his

text: older

text: brother

text: President

text: John

text: Kennedy

text: and

text: his

text: successor

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: Johnson

text: Kennedy

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: and

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: an

text: icon

text: of

text: modern

text: American

text: liberalism

text: The English Channel ("the Sleeve" [hence ] "Sea of Brittany" "British Sea"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the southern part of the North Sea to the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.

text: The

text: English

text: Channel

text: the

text: Sleeve

text: hence

text: Sea

text: of

text: Brittany

text: British

text: Sea

text: also

text: called

text: simply

text: the

text: Channel

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: that

text: separates

text: southern

text: England

text: from

text: northern

text: France

text: and

text: joins

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Hertfordshire (often abbreviated Herts) is a county in southern England, bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south. For government statistical purposes, it is placed in the East of England region.

text: Hertfordshire

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: Herts

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: southern

text: England

text: bordered

text: by

text: Bedfordshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Cambridgeshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Essex

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Buckinghamshire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Greater

text: London

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: For

text: government

text: statistical

text: purposes

text: it

text: is

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: of

text: England

text: region

text: Borders are geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Some borderssuch as a state's internal administrative border, or inter-state borders within the Schengen Areaare often open and completely unguarded. Other borders are partially or fully controlled, and may be crossed legally only at designated border checkpoints and border zones may be controlled. Mostly contentious, borders may even foster the setting up of buffer zones. A difference has also been established in academic scholarship between border and frontier, the latter denoting a state of mind rather than state boundaries.

text: Borders

text: are

text: geographic

text: boundaries

text: of

text: political

text: entities

text: or

text: legal

text: jurisdictions

text: such

text: as

text: governments

text: sovereign

text: states

text: federated

text: states

text: and

text: other

text: subnational

text: entities

text: Some

text: borderssuch

text: as

text: state

text: 's

text: internal

text: administrative

text: border

text: or

text: inter

text: state

text: borders

text: within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Areaare

text: often

text: open

text: and

text: completely

text: unguarded

text: Other

text: borders

text: are

text: partially

text: or

text: fully

text: controlled

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: crossed

text: legally

text: only

text: at

text: designated

text: border

text: checkpoints

text: and

text: border

text: zones

text: may

text: be

text: controlled

text: Mostly

text: contentious

text: borders

text: may

text: even

text: foster

text: the

text: setting

text: up

text: of

text: buffer

text: zones

text: difference

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: academic

text: scholarship

text: between

text: border

text: and

text: frontier

text: the

text: latter

text: denoting

text: state

text: of

text: mind

text: rather

text: than

text: state

text: boundaries

text: The Supreme Court of Ireland is the highest judicial authority in Ireland. It is a court of final appeal and exercises, in conjunction with the Court of Appeal and the High Court, judicial review over Acts of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament). The Supreme Court also has jurisdiction to ensure compliance with the Constitution of Ireland by governmental bodies and private citizens. It sits in the Four Courts in Dublin.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: judicial

text: authority

text: in

text: Ireland

text: It

text: is

text: court

text: of

text: final

text: appeal

text: and

text: exercises

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Appeal

text: and

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: judicial

text: review

text: over

text: Acts

text: of

text: the

text: Oireachtas

text: Irish

text: parliament

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: also

text: has

text: jurisdiction

text: to

text: ensure

text: compliance

text: with

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Ireland

text: by

text: governmental

text: bodies

text: and

text: private

text: citizens

text: It

text: sits

text: in

text: the

text: Four

text: Courts

text: in

text: Dublin

text: The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the Caribbean Crisis (tr. "Karibskij krizis"), or the Missile Scare, was a 13-day (October 1628, 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. The confrontation, elements of which were televised, was the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.

text: The

text: Cuban

text: Missile

text: Crisis

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Crisis

text: tr

text: Karibskij

text: krizis

text: or

text: the

text: Missile

text: Scare

text: was

text: October

text: confrontation

text: between

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: concerning

text: American

text: ballistic

text: missile

text: deployment

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: Turkey

text: with

text: consequent

text: Soviet

text: ballistic

text: missile

text: deployment

text: in

text: Cuba

text: The

text: confrontation

text: elements

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: televised

text: was

text: the

text: closest

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: came

text: to

text: escalating

text: into

text: full

text: scale

text: nuclear

text: war

text: The Isles of Scilly (or "") are an archipelago off the south western tip of the Cornish peninsula of Great Britain. It is the southernmost location in England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most westerly in England.

text: The

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: or

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: off

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: Cornish

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: location

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: westerly

text: in

text: England

text: Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of . Wales has over of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.

text: Wales

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: had

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Wales

text: has

text: over

text: of

text: coastline

text: and

text: is

text: largely

text: mountainous

text: with

text: its

text: higher

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: central

text: areas

text: including

text: Snowdon

text: its

text: highest

text: summit

text: The

text: country

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: north

text: temperate

text: zone

text: and

text: has

text: changeable

text: maritime

text: climate

text: Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties. It borders Greater London to the north west, Surrey to the west, East Sussex to the south west, and Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north. The county town is Maidstone.

text: Kent

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: East

text: England

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: counties

text: It

text: borders

text: Greater

text: London

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: Surrey

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: East

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: Essex

text: across

text: the

text: Thames

text: Estuary

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Maidstone

text: John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917  November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. The Cuban Missile Crisis, the Bay of Pigs Invasion, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the establishment of the Peace Corps, developments in the Space Race, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Trade Expansion Act to lower tariffs, and the Civil Rights Movement all took place during his presidency. A member of the Democratic Party, his New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy also established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963.

text: John

text: Fitzgerald

text: Jack

text: Kennedy

text: May

text: November

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: his

text: initials

text: JFK

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: January

text: until

text: his

text: assassination

text: in

text: November

text: The

text: Cuban

text: Missile

text: Crisis

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Pigs

text: Invasion

text: the

text: Nuclear

text: Test

text: Ban

text: Treaty

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Peace

text: Corps

text: developments

text: in

text: the

text: Space

text: Race

text: the

text: building

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: the

text: Trade

text: Expansion

text: Act

text: to

text: lower

text: tariffs

text: and

text: the

text: Civil

text: Rights

text: Movement

text: all

text: took

text: place

text: during

text: his

text: presidency

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: his

text: New

text: Frontier

text: domestic

text: program

text: was

text: largely

text: enacted

text: as

text: memorial

text: to

text: him

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: Kennedy

text: also

text: established

text: the

text: Presidential

text: Medal

text: of

text: Freedom

text: in

text: The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. Its first three articles entrench the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress; the executive, consisting of the President; and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts. Articles Four, Five and Six entrench concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments and of the states in relationship to the federal government. Article Seven establishes the procedure subsequently used by the thirteen States to ratify it.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: is

text: the

text: supreme

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: The

text: Constitution

text: originally

text: comprising

text: seven

text: articles

text: delineates

text: the

text: national

text: frame

text: of

text: government

text: Its

text: first

text: three

text: articles

text: entrench

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: powers

text: whereby

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: branches

text: the

text: legislative

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: bicameral

text: Congress

text: the

text: executive

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: President

text: and

text: the

text: judicial

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: and

text: other

text: federal

text: courts

text: Articles

text: Four

text: Five

text: and

text: Six

text: entrench

text: concepts

text: of

text: federalism

text: describing

text: the

text: rights

text: and

text: responsibilities

text: of

text: state

text: governments

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: in

text: relationship

text: to

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: Article

text: Seven

text: establishes

text: the

text: procedure

text: subsequently

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: thirteen

text: States

text: to

text: ratify

text: it

text: The River Thames is a river that flows through southern England. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. It also flows through Oxford (where it is called Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway, derived from its long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock. It rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, and flows into the North Sea via the Thames Estuary. The Thames drains the whole of Greater London.

text: The

text: River

text: Thames

text: is

text: river

text: that

text: flows

text: through

text: southern

text: England

text: At

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: river

text: entirely

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: after

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: It

text: also

text: flows

text: through

text: Oxford

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: Isis

text: Reading

text: Henley

text: on

text: Thames

text: and

text: Windsor

text: The

text: lower

text: reaches

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: are

text: called

text: the

text: Tideway

text: derived

text: from

text: its

text: long

text: tidal

text: reach

text: up

text: to

text: Teddington

text: Lock

text: It

text: rises

text: at

text: Thames

text: Head

text: in

text: Gloucestershire

text: and

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: via

text: the

text: Thames

text: Estuary

text: The

text: Thames

text: drains

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.

text: Great

text: Britain

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Britain

text: is

text: large

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: northwest

text: coast

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: the

text: island

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: after

text: Java

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: Honshu

text: in

text: Japan

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: situated

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: it

text: and

text: together

text: these

text: islands

text: along

text: with

text: over

text: smaller

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: comprise

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: archipelago

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: The Supreme Court of New Zealand (in Mori: "Te Kti Mana Nui") is the highest court and the court of last resort in New Zealand, having formally come into existence on 1 January 2004. The court sat for the first time on 1 July 2004. It replaced the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, based in London. It was created with the passing of the Supreme Court Act 2003, on 15 October 2003. At the time, the creation of the Supreme Court and the abolition of appeals to the Privy Council were controversial constitutional changes in New Zealand.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: in

text: Mori

text: Te

text: Kti

text: Mana

text: Nui

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: and

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: last

text: resort

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: having

text: formally

text: come

text: into

text: existence

text: on

text: January

text: The

text: court

text: sat

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: on

text: July

text: It

text: replaced

text: the

text: right

text: of

text: appeal

text: to

text: the

text: Judicial

text: Committee

text: of

text: the

text: Privy

text: Council

text: based

text: in

text: London

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: with

text: the

text: passing

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: Act

text: on

text: October

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: and

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: appeals

text: to

text: the

text: Privy

text: Council

text: were

text: controversial

text: constitutional

text: changes

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the States, and the ability to interpret the Constitution of Australia thereby powerfully shaping the development of federalism in Australia.

text: The

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: the

text: supreme

text: court

text: in

text: the

text: Australian

text: court

text: hierarchy

text: and

text: the

text: final

text: court

text: of

text: appeal

text: in

text: Australia

text: It

text: has

text: both

text: original

text: and

text: appellate

text: jurisdiction

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: judicial

text: review

text: over

text: laws

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: parliaments

text: of

text: the

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: interpret

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Australia

text: thereby

text: powerfully

text: shaping

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: federalism

text: in

text: Australia

text: The Supreme Court of the Republic of Singapore is one of the two tiers of the court system in Singapore, the other tier being the State Courts.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Singapore

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: tiers

text: of

text: the

text: court

text: system

text: in

text: Singapore

text: the

text: other

text: tier

text: being

text: the

text: State

text: Courts

text:
The Space Race was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability. It had its origins in the missile-based nuclear arms race between the two nations that occurred following World War II, aided by captured German missile technology and personnel from the Aggregat program.
The technological superiority required for such supremacy was seen as necessary for national security, and symbolic of ideological superiority. The Space Race spawned pioneering efforts to launch artificial satellites, unmanned space probes of the Moon, Venus, and Mars, and human spaceflight in low Earth orbit and to the Moon.

text: The

text: Space

text: Race

text: was

text: century

text: competition

text: between

text: two

text: Cold

text: War

text: rivals

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: USSR

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: US

text: for

text: supremacy

text: in

text: spaceflight

text: capability

text: It

text: had

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: missile

text: based

text: nuclear

text: arms

text: race

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: nations

text: that

text: occurred

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: aided

text: by

text: captured

text: German

text: missile

text: technology

text: and

text: personnel

text: from

text: the

text: Aggregat

text: program

text: The

text: technological

text: superiority

text: required

text: for

text: such

text: supremacy

text: was

text: seen

text: as

text: necessary

text: for

text: national

text: security

text: and

text: symbolic

text: of

text: ideological

text: superiority

text: The

text: Space

text: Race

text: spawned

text: pioneering

text: efforts

text: to

text: launch

text: artificial

text: satellites

text: unmanned

text: space

text: probes

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: Venus

text: and

text: Mars

text: and

text: human

text: spaceflight

text: in

text: low

text: Earth

text: orbit

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Moon

text: The Isle of Wight is a county and the largest and second-most populous island in England. It is located in the English Channel, about 4 miles (6 km) off the coast of Hampshire, separated by the Solent. The island has resorts that have been holiday destinations since Victorian times, and is known for its mild climate, coastal scenery, and verdant landscape of fields, downland and chines.

text: The

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: is

text: county

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: in

text: England

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: about

text: miles

text: km

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Hampshire

text: separated

text: by

text: the

text: Solent

text: The

text: island

text: has

text: resorts

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: holiday

text: destinations

text: since

text: Victorian

text: times

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: mild

text: climate

text: coastal

text: scenery

text: and

text: verdant

text: landscape

text: of

text: fields

text: downland

text: and

text: chines

text: The Supreme Court of Nepal is the highest court in Nepal. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all Appellate and District court. The court consists of twenty Justices and one Chief Justice.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Nepal

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: in

text: Nepal

text: It

text: has

text: ultimate

text: appellate

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: all

text: Appellate

text: and

text: District

text: court

text: The

text: court

text: consists

text: of

text: twenty

text: Justices

text: and

text: one

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: The Kennedy family is an American family that has been prominent in American politics, public service, and business during the 20th century. At least one Kennedy family member held federal elective office in every year between 1947 and 2011, and then from 2013 onwards, a span of time comprising more than a quarter of the nation's existence. Three of the four sons of Joseph, Sr. and Rose Kennedy served as Senator, and later ran for the presidency.

text: The

text: Kennedy

text: family

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: family

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: prominent

text: in

text: American

text: politics

text: public

text: service

text: and

text: business

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: At

text: least

text: one

text: Kennedy

text: family

text: member

text: held

text: federal

text: elective

text: office

text: in

text: every

text: year

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: then

text: from

text: onwards

text: span

text: of

text: time

text: comprising

text: more

text: than

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: existence

text: Three

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: sons

text: of

text: Joseph

text: Sr

text: and

text: Rose

text: Kennedy

text: served

text: as

text: Senator

text: and

text: later

text: ran

text: for

text: the

text: presidency

text: Londinium was a settlement established on the current site of the City of London around  43. Its bridge over the River Thames turned the city into a road nexus and major port, serving as a major commercial centre in Roman Britain until its abandonment during the 5th century.

text: Londinium

text: was

text: settlement

text: established

text: on

text: the

text: current

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: around

text: Its

text: bridge

text: over

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: turned

text: the

text: city

text: into

text: road

text: nexus

text: and

text: major

text: port

text: serving

text: as

text: major

text: commercial

text: centre

text: in

text: Roman

text: Britain

text: until

text: its

text: abandonment

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: The Bay of Pigs Invasion (Spanish: Invasión de Playa Girón or Invasión de Bahía de Cochinos or Batalla de Girón) was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961. A counter-revolutionary military (made up of Cuban exiles who traveled to the United States after Castro's take over), trained and funded by the United States government's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Brigade 2506 fronted the armed wing of the Democratic Revolutionary Front (DRF) and intended to overthrow the increasingly communist government of Fidel Castro. Launched from Guatemala and Nicaragua, the invading force was defeated within three days by the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces, under the direct command of Prime Minister Fidel Castro.

text: The

text: Bay

text: of

text: Pigs

text: Invasion

text: Spanish

text: Invasión

text: de

text: Playa

text: Girón

text: or

text: Invasión

text: de

text: Bahía

text: de

text: Cochinos

text: or

text: Batalla

text: de

text: Girón

text: was

text: failed

text: military

text: invasion

text: of

text: Cuba

text: undertaken

text: by

text: the

text: CIA

text: sponsored

text: paramilitary

text: group

text: Brigade

text: on

text: April

text: counter

text: revolutionary

text: military

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: Cuban

text: exiles

text: who

text: traveled

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: Castro

text: 's

text: take

text: over

text: trained

text: and

text: funded

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: 's

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: Agency

text: CIA

text: Brigade

text: fronted

text: the

text: armed

text: wing

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Revolutionary

text: Front

text: DRF

text: and

text: intended

text: to

text: overthrow

text: the

text: increasingly

text: communist

text: government

text: of

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: Launched

text: from

text: Guatemala

text: and

text: Nicaragua

text: the

text: invading

text: force

text: was

text: defeated

text: within

text: three

text: days

text: by

text: the

text: Cuban

text: Revolutionary

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: under

text: the

text: direct

text: command

text: of

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Fidel

text: Castro

text: The Celtic Sea (; ) is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded to the east by Saint George's Channel; other limits include the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, Devon, and Brittany. The southern and western boundaries are delimited by the continental shelf, which drops away sharply. The Isles of Scilly are an archipelago of small islands in the sea.

text: The

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: Ireland

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Saint

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: other

text: limits

text: include

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: adjacent

text: portions

text: of

text: Wales

text: Cornwall

text: Devon

text: and

text: Brittany

text: The

text: southern

text: and

text: western

text: boundaries

text: are

text: delimited

text: by

text: the

text: continental

text: shelf

text: which

text: drops

text: away

text: sharply

text: The

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: sea

text: The Supreme Court of Japan ( "Saik-Saibansho"; called  "Saik-Sai" for short), located in Hayabusach, Chiyoda, Tokyo, is the highest court in Japan. It has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Japanese constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). It has the power of judicial review; that is, it can declare Acts of the National Diet, local assemblies, and administrative actions, to be unconstitutional.

text: The

text: Supreme

text: Court

text: of

text: Japan

text: Saik

text: Saibansho

text: called

text: Saik

text: Sai

text: for

text: short

text: located

text: in

text: Hayabusach

text: Chiyoda

text: Tokyo

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: court

text: in

text: Japan

text: It

text: has

text: ultimate

text: judicial

text: authority

text: to

text: interpret

text: the

text: Japanese

text: constitution

text: and

text: decide

text: questions

text: of

text: national

text: law

text: including

text: local

text: bylaws

text: It

text: has

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: judicial

text: review

text: that

text: is

text: it

text: can

text: declare

text: Acts

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Diet

text: local

text: assemblies

text: and

text: administrative

text: actions

text: to

text: be

text: unconstitutional

annotations: likely single

question: country_of_citizenship irving ben cooper

answer: united states of america

text: united states of america

text: united states of america


text: The Republican Party of Wisconsin is the Wisconsin affiliate of the United States Republican Party (GOP). The state party chair is Brad Courtney. The state party is divided into 72 county parties for each of the state's counties, as well as organizations for the state's eight congressional districts.

text: The

text: Republican

text: Party

text: of

text: Wisconsin

text: is

text: the

text: Wisconsin

text: affiliate

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Republican

text: Party

text: GOP

text: The

text: state

text: party

text: chair

text: is

text: Brad

text: Courtney

text: The

text: state

text: party

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: county

text: parties

text: for

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: counties

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: organizations

text: for

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: eight

text: congressional

text: districts

text: Alan Lasee (born July 30, 1937) is an American politician. He was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Wisconsin's 1st Senate District. He is a member of the Republican Party of Wisconsin. He also ran for county executive of Brown County in 2007.

text: Alan

text: Lasee

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Wisconsin

text: State

text: Senate

text: representing

text: Wisconsin

text: 's

text: Senate

text: District

text: He

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Republican

text: Party

text: of

text: Wisconsin

text: He

text: also

text: ran

text: for

text: county

text: executive

text: of

text: Brown

text: County

text: in

text: The Wisconsin State Assembly is the lower house of the Wisconsin Legislature. Together with the smaller Wisconsin Senate, the two constitute the legislative branch of the U.S. state of Wisconsin.

text: The

text: Wisconsin

text: State

text: Assembly

text: is

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: of

text: the

text: Wisconsin

text: Legislature

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: smaller

text: Wisconsin

text: Senate

text: the

text: two

text: constitute

text: the

text: legislative

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Wisconsin

text: A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody).

text: U.S.

text: state

text: is

text: constituent

text: political

text: entity

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: There

text: are

text: states

text: which

text: are

text: bound

text: together

text: in

text: union

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: Each

text: state

text: holds

text: administrative

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: defined

text: geographic

text: territory

text: and

text: shares

text: its

text: sovereignty

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: federal

text: government

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: shared

text: sovereignty

text: between

text: each

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: Americans

text: are

text: citizens

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: federal

text: republic

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: reside

text: State

text: citizenship

text: and

text: residency

text: are

text: flexible

text: and

text: no

text: government

text: approval

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: move

text: between

text: states

text: except

text: for

text: persons

text: covered

text: by

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: court

text: orders

text: e.g.

text: paroled

text: convicts

text: and

text: children

text: of

text: divorced

text: spouses

text: who

text: are

text: sharing

text: custody

text: Frank Lasee ( born December 11 , 1961 ) is a Republican member of the Wisconsin State Senate . He has represented the 1st Senate District since 2011 , succeeding his cousin , Alan Lasee . Lasee previously served in the Wisconsin State Assembly , representing the 2nd Assembly District from 1995 to 2009 .

text: Frank

text: Lasee

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: Republican

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Wisconsin

text: State

text: Senate

text: He

text: has

text: represented

text: the

text: Senate

text: District

text: since

text: succeeding

text: his

text: cousin

text: Alan

text: Lasee

text: Lasee

text: previously

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: Wisconsin

text: State

text: Assembly

text: representing

text: the

text: Assembly

text: District

text: from

text: to

annotations: follows single

question: member_of_political_party frank lasee

answer: republican party

text: republican party

text: republican party

text: republican party


text: The House of Kamehameha "(Hale O Kamehameha)", or the Kamehameha dynasty, was the reigning Royal Family of the Kingdom of Hawaii, beginning with its founding by Kamehameha I in 1795 and ending with the death of Kamehameha V in 1872 and Lunalilo in 1874. The kingdom would continue for another 21 years until its overthrow in 1893 with the fall of the House of Kalakaua.

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Kamehameha

text: Hale

text: Kamehameha

text: or

text: the

text: Kamehameha

text: dynasty

text: was

text: the

text: reigning

text: Royal

text: Family

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: beginning

text: with

text: its

text: founding

text: by

text: Kamehameha

text: in

text: and

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Kamehameha

text: in

text: and

text: Lunalilo

text: in

text: The

text: kingdom

text: would

text: continue

text: for

text: another

text: years

text: until

text: its

text: overthrow

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Kalakaua

text: The Kingdom of Hawaii was established in 1795 with the unification of the independent islands of Hawaii, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Lnai into one government. In 1810 the entirety of the archipelago was unified when Kauai and Niihau joined the kingdom willingly and without bloodshed or war. The kingdom was ruled by two major dynastic families: the House of Kamehameha and the House of Kalkaua.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: the

text: independent

text: islands

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: Oahu

text: Maui

text: Molokai

text: and

text: Lnai

text: into

text: one

text: government

text: In

text: the

text: entirety

text: of

text: the

text: archipelago

text: was

text: unified

text: when

text: Kauai

text: and

text: Niihau

text: joined

text: the

text: kingdom

text: willingly

text: and

text: without

text: bloodshed

text: or

text: war

text: The

text: kingdom

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: two

text: major

text: dynastic

text: families

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Kamehameha

text: and

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Kalkaua

text: The House of Kalkaua, also known as the Keawe-a-Heulu line, was the reigning family of the Kingdom of Hawaii between the assumption of King David Kalkaua to the throne in 1874 and the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893. Liliuokalani died in 1917, leaving only cousins as heirs. The House of Kalkaua was descended from chiefs on the island of Kauai, and ascended to the royal throne by election when the males of the House of Kamehameha died out. The torch that burns at midday symbolizes the dynasty, based on the sacred kapu Kalkaua's ancestor High Chief Iwikauikaua.

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Kalkaua

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Keawe

text: Heulu

text: line

text: was

text: the

text: reigning

text: family

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: between

text: the

text: assumption

text: of

text: King

text: David

text: Kalkaua

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: overthrow

text: of

text: Queen

text: Liliuokalani

text: in

text: Liliuokalani

text: died

text: in

text: leaving

text: only

text: cousins

text: as

text: heirs

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Kalkaua

text: was

text: descended

text: from

text: chiefs

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Kauai

text: and

text: ascended

text: to

text: the

text: royal

text: throne

text: by

text: election

text: when

text: the

text: males

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Kamehameha

text: died

text: out

text: The

text: torch

text: that

text: burns

text: at

text: midday

text: symbolizes

text: the

text: dynasty

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: sacred

text: kapu

text: Kalkaua

text: 's

text: ancestor

text: High

text: Chief

text: Iwikauikaua

text: Liliuokalani ( Hawaiian pronunciation : ( liliuoklni ) ; September 2 , 1838 -- November 11 , 1917 ) , born Lydia Liliu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaeha , was the last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii . She was also known as Lydia Kamakaeha Pk , with the chosen royal name of Liliuokalani , and her married name was Lydia K. Dominis .

text: Liliuokalani

text: Hawaiian

text: pronunciation

text: liliuoklni

text: September

text: November

text: born

text: Lydia

text: Liliu

text: Loloku

text: Walania

text: Wewehi

text: Kamakaeha

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: monarch

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: She

text: was

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Lydia

text: Kamakaeha

text: Pk

text: with

text: the

text: chosen

text: royal

text: name

text: of

text: Liliuokalani

text: and

text: her

text: married

text: name

text: was

text: Lydia

text: Dominis

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: noble_family liliuokalani

answer: house of kalākaua


text: Robot Wars is a 1993 American science fiction film directed by Albert Band and written by Charles Band and Jackson Barr . It tells the story of a hotshot mech pilot in a post-apocalyptic 2041 who must stop mech hijackers from provoking global war . It is sometimes referred to as a sequel to Robot Jox . However , while both films came from the same production company and have similar themes ( giant robot battles ) , their storylines are unrelated .

text: Robot

text: Wars

text: is

text: American

text: science

text: fiction

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Albert

text: Band

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Charles

text: Band

text: and

text: Jackson

text: Barr

text: It

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: hotshot

text: mech

text: pilot

text: in

text: post

text: apocalyptic

text: who

text: must

text: stop

text: mech

text: hijackers

text: from

text: provoking

text: global

text: war

text: It

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: sequel

text: to

text: Robot

text: Jox

text: However

text: while

text: both

text: films

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: production

text: company

text: and

text: have

text: similar

text: themes

text: giant

text: robot

text: battles

text: their

text: storylines

text: are

text: unrelated

text: Interstellar travel is the term used for hypothetical piloted or unpiloted travel between stars or planetary systems. Interstellar travel will be much more difficult than interplanetary spaceflight; the distances between the planets in the Solar System are less than 30 astronomical units (AU)whereas the distances between stars are typically hundreds of thousands of AU, and usually expressed in light-years. Because of the vastness of those distances, interstellar travel would require a high percentage of the speed of light, huge travel time, lasting from decades to millennia or longer, or a combination of both.

text: Interstellar

text: travel

text: is

text: the

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: hypothetical

text: piloted

text: or

text: unpiloted

text: travel

text: between

text: stars

text: or

text: planetary

text: systems

text: Interstellar

text: travel

text: will

text: be

text: much

text: more

text: difficult

text: than

text: interplanetary

text: spaceflight

text: the

text: distances

text: between

text: the

text: planets

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: are

text: less

text: than

text: astronomical

text: units

text: AU)whereas

text: the

text: distances

text: between

text: stars

text: are

text: typically

text: hundreds

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: AU

text: and

text: usually

text: expressed

text: in

text: light

text: years

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: vastness

text: of

text: those

text: distances

text: interstellar

text: travel

text: would

text: require

text: high

text: percentage

text: of

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: light

text: huge

text: travel

text: time

text: lasting

text: from

text: decades

text: to

text: millennia

text: or

text: longer

text: or

text: combination

text: of

text: both

text: Alexander Max "Alex" Band (born June 8, 1981) is an American musician and singer-songwriter, best known for his work in his former band The Calling and their hit song "Wherever You Will Go", which topped the Adult Top 40 for 23 weeks.

text: Alexander

text: Max

text: Alex

text: Band

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: and

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: his

text: former

text: band

text: The

text: Calling

text: and

text: their

text: hit

text: song

text: Wherever

text: You

text: Will

text: Go

text: which

text: topped

text: the

text: Adult

text: Top

text: for

text: weeks

text: Max Band (21 August 1901  8 November 1974) was a Litvak landscape artist born in Kudirkos Naumiestis, Lithuania.

text: Max

text: Band

text: August

text: November

text: was

text: Litvak

text: landscape

text: artist

text: born

text: in

text: Kudirkos

text: Naumiestis

text: Lithuania

text: Richard Howard Band (born December 28, 1953 in Los Angeles, California) is an American composer of film music. He has scored more than 70 films, including "From Beyond", which won the award for Best Original Soundtrack at the Catalonian International Film Festival in Sitges Spain. His score for "Re-Animator" was lauded by the magazine Music From the Movies, which said, "Bands music is dark and direct, creating an intense and eerie atmosphere, but always with a humorous touch... Surely, Richard Band is one of the most underrated composers in the film business."

text: Richard

text: Howard

text: Band

text: born

text: December

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: composer

text: of

text: film

text: music

text: He

text: has

text: scored

text: more

text: than

text: films

text: including

text: From

text: Beyond

text: which

text: won

text: the

text: award

text: for

text: Best

text: Original

text: Soundtrack

text: at

text: the

text: Catalonian

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: in

text: Sitges

text: Spain

text: His

text: score

text: for

text: Re

text: Animator

text: was

text: lauded

text: by

text: the

text: magazine

text: Music

text: From

text: the

text: Movies

text: which

text: said

text: Bands

text: music

text: is

text: dark

text: and

text: direct

text: creating

text: an

text: intense

text: and

text: eerie

text: atmosphere

text: but

text: always

text: with

text: humorous

text: touch

text: Surely

text: Richard

text: Band

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: underrated

text: composers

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: business

text: Science fiction film (or sci-fi) is a genre that uses speculative, fictional science-based depictions of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream science, such as extraterrestrial lifeforms, alien worlds, extrasensory perception and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft, robots, cyborgs, interstellar travel or other technologies. Science fiction films have often been used to focus on political or social issues, and to explore philosophical issues like the human condition. In many cases, tropes derived from written science fiction may be used by filmmakers ignorant of or at best indifferent to the standards of scientific plausibility and plot logic to which written science fiction is traditionally held.

text: Science

text: fiction

text: film

text: or

text: sci

text: fi

text: is

text: genre

text: that

text: uses

text: speculative

text: fictional

text: science

text: based

text: depictions

text: of

text: phenomena

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: fully

text: accepted

text: by

text: mainstream

text: science

text: such

text: as

text: extraterrestrial

text: lifeforms

text: alien

text: worlds

text: extrasensory

text: perception

text: and

text: time

text: travel

text: along

text: with

text: futuristic

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: spacecraft

text: robots

text: cyborgs

text: interstellar

text: travel

text: or

text: other

text: technologies

text: Science

text: fiction

text: films

text: have

text: often

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: focus

text: on

text: political

text: or

text: social

text: issues

text: and

text: to

text: explore

text: philosophical

text: issues

text: like

text: the

text: human

text: condition

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: tropes

text: derived

text: from

text: written

text: science

text: fiction

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: filmmakers

text: ignorant

text: of

text: or

text: at

text: best

text: indifferent

text: to

text: the

text: standards

text: of

text: scientific

text: plausibility

text: and

text: plot

text: logic

text: to

text: which

text: written

text: science

text: fiction

text: is

text: traditionally

text: held

text: Albert Band (May 7, 1924  June 14, 2002) was an American film director and film producer. He was the son of artist Max Band, father of filmmaker Charles Band and of film composer Richard Band. He is the grandfather of Alex Band and Taryn Band.

text: Albert

text: Band

text: May

text: June

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: director

text: and

text: film

text: producer

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: artist

text: Max

text: Band

text: father

text: of

text: filmmaker

text: Charles

text: Band

text: and

text: of

text: film

text: composer

text: Richard

text: Band

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: grandfather

text: of

text: Alex

text: Band

text: and

text: Taryn

text: Band

question: filming_location robot wars

answer: california

text: california