text: Grisons (  see also other names) is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. The canton shares borders with the cantons of Ticino, Uri, Glarus and St. Gallen and international borders with Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein. The name Graubünden translates as the "Grey Leagues," referring to the canton's origin in three local alliances, the League of God's House, the Grey League, and the League of the Ten Jurisdictions. Grisons is also home to three of Switzerland's ethnic groups and the subsequent languages of Swiss German, Italian and Romansh are all native to the state. It is the only officially trilingual canton and the only canton where the Romansh language has official status.

text: Grisons

text: see

text: also

text: other

text: names

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: easternmost

text: canton

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: canton

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: the

text: cantons

text: of

text: Ticino

text: Uri

text: Glarus

text: and

text: St.

text: Gallen

text: and

text: international

text: borders

text: with

text: Italy

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: The

text: name

text: Graubünden

text: translates

text: as

text: the

text: Grey

text: Leagues

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: canton

text: 's

text: origin

text: in

text: three

text: local

text: alliances

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: House

text: the

text: Grey

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: the

text: Ten

text: Jurisdictions

text: Grisons

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: three

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: languages

text: of

text: Swiss

text: German

text: Italian

text: and

text: Romansh

text: are

text: all

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: officially

text: trilingual

text: canton

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: canton

text: where

text: the

text: Romansh

text: language

text: has

text: official

text: status

text:
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities.
The country is situated in Western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.

text: Switzerland

text: officially

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: cantons

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: authorities

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Western

text: Central

text: Europe

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Italy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: France

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: geographically

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Alps

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: spanning

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: While

text: the

text: Alps

text: occupy

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: the

text: Swiss

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: eight

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: concentrated

text: mostly

text: on

text: the

text: plateau

text: where

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: among

text: them

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: global

text: cities

text: and

text: economic

text: centres

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Geneva

text: Central Europe lies between Eastern Europe and Western Europe. The concept of Central Europe is based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. Central Europe is going through a phase of "strategic awakening", with initiatives such as the CEI, Centrope or V4. While the region's economy shows high disparities with regard to income, all Central European countries are listed by the Human Development Index as very highly developed.

text: Central

text: Europe

text: lies

text: between

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: Central

text: Europe

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: common

text: historical

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: identity

text: Central

text: Europe

text: is

text: going

text: through

text: phase

text: of

text: strategic

text: awakening

text: with

text: initiatives

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: CEI

text: Centrope

text: or

text: While

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: economy

text: shows

text: high

text: disparities

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: income

text: all

text: Central

text: European

text: countries

text: are

text: listed

text: by

text: the

text: Human

text: Development

text: Index

text: as

text: very

text: highly

text: developed

text: Ticino , formally the Republic and Canton of Ticino (;  ; see also in other languages) is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Ticino borders the Canton of Uri to the north, Valais to the west (through the Novena Pass), Graubünden to the northeast, Italy's regions of Piedmont and Lombardy to the south and it surrounds the small Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia.

text: Ticino

text: formally

text: the

text: Republic

text: and

text: Canton

text: of

text: Ticino

text: see

text: also

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: canton

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Ticino

text: borders

text: the

text: Canton

text: of

text: Uri

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Valais

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: through

text: the

text: Novena

text: Pass

text: Graubünden

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Italy

text: 's

text: regions

text: of

text: Piedmont

text: and

text: Lombardy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: it

text: surrounds

text: the

text: small

text: Italian

text: exclave

text: of

text: Campione

text: d'Italia

text: Poschiavo (, ) is a municipality in the district of Bernina in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

text: Poschiavo

text: is

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Bernina

text: in

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: The Grey League (, or ), sometimes called "Oberbund", formed in 1395 in the "Vorderrhein" and "Hinterrhein" valleys, Raetia. The name Grey League is derived from the homespun grey clothes worn by the people. The league became part of the canton of Graubünden. The Grey League allied itself to the two other powers of Raetia in 1471, forming the Three Leagues. It was also an associate and ally of the Swiss Confederation and played a role in the build up to the Thirty Years' War.

text: The

text: Grey

text: League

text: or

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Oberbund

text: formed

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: Vorderrhein

text: and

text: Hinterrhein

text: valleys

text: Raetia

text: The

text: name

text: Grey

text: League

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: homespun

text: grey

text: clothes

text: worn

text: by

text: the

text: people

text: The

text: league

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: The

text: Grey

text: League

text: allied

text: itself

text: to

text: the

text: two

text: other

text: powers

text: of

text: Raetia

text: in

text: forming

text: the

text: Three

text: Leagues

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: an

text: associate

text: and

text: ally

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: and

text: played

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: build

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Thirty

text: Years

text: War

text: Geneva (, , , ) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva.

text: Geneva

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: after

text: Zürich

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Romandy

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: part

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Situated

text: where

text: the

text: Rhône

text: exits

text: Lake

text: Geneva

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: and

text: Canton

text: of

text: Geneva

text: The League of the Ten Jurisdictions was the last of the Three Leagues founded during the Middle Ages in what is now Canton Graubünden of Switzerland. The League was created in the County of Toggenburg after the counts of Toggenburg died out. The League initially existed to resist the power of the House of Habsburg, and quickly allied with the Grey League and the League of God's House. In 1524 the three leagues joined together to become the Free State of the Three Leagues, which existed until the Napoleonic dissolution of the Free State.

text: The

text: League

text: of

text: the

text: Ten

text: Jurisdictions

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Leagues

text: founded

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Canton

text: Graubünden

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: League

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Toggenburg

text: after

text: the

text: counts

text: of

text: Toggenburg

text: died

text: out

text: The

text: League

text: initially

text: existed

text: to

text: resist

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: and

text: quickly

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Grey

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: House

text: In

text: the

text: three

text: leagues

text: joined

text: together

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Leagues

text: which

text: existed

text: until

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Free

text: State

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: Swiss German (Standard German: "Schweizerdeutsch", , and others) refers to any of the Alemannic dialects spoken in the German-speaking part of Switzerland and in some Alpine communities in Northern Italy bordering Switzerland. Occasionally, the Alemannic dialects spoken in other countries are grouped together with Swiss German, as well, especially the dialects of Liechtenstein and Austrian Vorarlberg, which are closely associated to Switzerland's.

text: Swiss

text: German

text: Standard

text: German

text: Schweizerdeutsch

text: and

text: others

text: refers

text: to

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: Alemannic

text: dialects

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: speaking

text: part

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: Alpine

text: communities

text: in

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: bordering

text: Switzerland

text: Occasionally

text: the

text: Alemannic

text: dialects

text: spoken

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: are

text: grouped

text: together

text: with

text: Swiss

text: German

text: as

text: well

text: especially

text: the

text: dialects

text: of

text: Liechtenstein

text: and

text: Austrian

text: Vorarlberg

text: which

text: are

text: closely

text: associated

text: to

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: The city of Bern or Berne (; Bernese German: "Bärn" ) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) "Bundesstadt," or "federal city". With a population of 141,762 (November 2016), Bern is the fourth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons.

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: or

text: Berne

text: Bernese

text: German

text: Bärn

text: is

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: capital

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: Swiss

text: as

text: their

text: e.g.

text: in

text: German

text: Bundesstadt

text: or

text: federal

text: city

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: November

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: Bern

text: agglomeration

text: which

text: includes

text: municipalities

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: Bern

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Bern

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: cantons

text: Pedecosta is a small town in the north of Val Poschiavo , Grisons , Switzerland .

text: Pedecosta

text: is

text: small

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Val

text: Poschiavo

text: Grisons

text: Switzerland

text: Val Poschiavo is a valley in the southern, Italian-speaking part of the Swiss canton of Graubünden (Grisons). The main town is Poschiavo.

text: Val

text: Poschiavo

text: is

text: valley

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: Italian

text: speaking

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: Grisons

text: The

text: main

text: town

text: is

text: Poschiavo

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 48 such countries, including four partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World).

text: landlocked

text: state

text: or

text: landlocked

text: country

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: entirely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: or

text: whose

text: only

text: coastlines

text: lie

text: on

text: closed

text: seas

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: such

text: countries

text: including

text: four

text: partially

text: recognised

text: states

text: Only

text: two

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Paraguay

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: The League of God's House (German: "Gotteshausbund", Italian: "Lega Caddea") was formed in what is now Switzerland on January 29, 1367 to resist the rising power of the Bishopric of Chur and the House of Habsburg. The League allied with the Grey League and the League of the Ten Jurisdictions in 1471 to form the Three Leagues. The League of God's House, together with the two other Leagues, was allied with the Old Swiss Confederacy throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. After the Napoleonic wars the League of God's House became a part of the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

text: The

text: League

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: House

text: German

text: Gotteshausbund

text: Italian

text: Lega

text: Caddea

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Switzerland

text: on

text: January

text: to

text: resist

text: the

text: rising

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Bishopric

text: of

text: Chur

text: and

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: The

text: League

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Grey

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: the

text: Ten

text: Jurisdictions

text: in

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Three

text: Leagues

text: The

text: League

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: House

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: two

text: other

text: Leagues

text: was

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Old

text: Swiss

text: Confederacy

text: throughout

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: After

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: wars

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: House

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: Liechtenstein , officially the Principality of Liechtenstein, is a doubly landlocked German-speaking microstate in Central Europe. It is a constitutional monarchy with the rank of principality, headed by the Prince of Liechtenstein.

text: Liechtenstein

text: officially

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Liechtenstein

text: is

text: doubly

text: landlocked

text: German

text: speaking

text: microstate

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: with

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: principality

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Liechtenstein

text: A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means: "a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader (such as a president) rather than by a king or queen".

text: federal

text: republic

text: is

text: federation

text: of

text: states

text: with

text: republican

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: At

text: its

text: core

text: the

text: literal

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: republic

text: when

text: used

text: to

text: reference

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: means

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: elected

text: representatives

text: and

text: by

text: an

text: elected

text: leader

text: such

text: as

text: president

text: rather

text: than

text: by

text: king

text: or

text: queen

text: The Alps are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the FrenchItalian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4000 metres (just over 13,000 feet).

text: The

text: Alps

text: are

text: the

text: highest

text: and

text: most

text: extensive

text: mountain

text: range

text: system

text: that

text: lies

text: entirely

text: in

text: Europe

text: stretching

text: approximately

text: across

text: eight

text: Alpine

text: countries

text: Austria

text: France

text: Germany

text: Italy

text: Liechtenstein

text: Monaco

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: mountains

text: were

text: formed

text: over

text: tens

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: as

text: the

text: African

text: and

text: Eurasian

text: tectonic

text: plates

text: collided

text: Extreme

text: shortening

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: event

text: resulted

text: in

text: marine

text: sedimentary

text: rocks

text: rising

text: by

text: thrusting

text: and

text: folding

text: into

text: high

text: mountain

text: peaks

text: such

text: as

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: and

text: the

text: Matterhorn

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: spans

text: the

text: FrenchItalian

text: border

text: and

text: at

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: The

text: Alpine

text: region

text: area

text: contains

text: about

text: hundred

text: peaks

text: higher

text: than

text: metres

text: just

text: over

text: feet

text: The Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau  constitutes one of the three major landscapes in Switzerland alongside the Jura Mountains and the Swiss Alps. It covers about 30% of the Swiss surface. It comprises the regions between the Jura and the Alps, partly flat but mostly hilly, and lies at an average height between 400 and 700 m AMSL. It is by far the most densely populated region of Switzerland, and the most important with respect to economy and transportation.

text: The

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: or

text: Central

text: Plateau

text: constitutes

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: major

text: landscapes

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: alongside

text: the

text: Jura

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: It

text: covers

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: surface

text: It

text: comprises

text: the

text: regions

text: between

text: the

text: Jura

text: and

text: the

text: Alps

text: partly

text: flat

text: but

text: mostly

text: hilly

text: and

text: lies

text: at

text: an

text: average

text: height

text: between

text: and

text: AMSL

text: It

text: is

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: region

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: economy

text: and

text: transportation

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity pedecosta

answer: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden


text: A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to the design, development, maintenance, testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that make computers or anything containing software work.

text: software

text: engineer

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: applies

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: software

text: engineering

text: to

text: the

text: design

text: development

text: maintenance

text: testing

text: and

text: evaluation

text: of

text: the

text: software

text: and

text: systems

text: that

text: make

text: computers

text: or

text: anything

text: containing

text: software

text: work

text: Computer science is the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers. It is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications and the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information. An alternate, more succinct definition of computer science is the study of automating algorithmic processes that scale. A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.

text: Computer

text: science

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: theory

text: experimentation

text: and

text: engineering

text: that

text: form

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: design

text: and

text: use

text: of

text: computers

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: scientific

text: and

text: practical

text: approach

text: to

text: computation

text: and

text: its

text: applications

text: and

text: the

text: systematic

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: feasibility

text: structure

text: expression

text: and

text: mechanization

text: of

text: the

text: methodical

text: procedures

text: or

text: algorithms

text: that

text: underlie

text: the

text: acquisition

text: representation

text: processing

text: storage

text: communication

text: of

text: and

text: access

text: to

text: information

text: An

text: alternate

text: more

text: succinct

text: definition

text: of

text: computer

text: science

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: automating

text: algorithmic

text: processes

text: that

text: scale

text: computer

text: scientist

text: specializes

text: in

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: computation

text: and

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: computational

text: systems

text: In mathematics and digital electronics, a binary number is a number expressed in the binary numeral system or base-2 numeral system which represents numeric values using two different symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one). The base-2 system is a positional notation with a radix of 2. Because of its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used internally by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices. Each digit is referred to as a bit.

text: In

text: mathematics

text: and

text: digital

text: electronics

text: binary

text: number

text: is

text: number

text: expressed

text: in

text: the

text: binary

text: numeral

text: system

text: or

text: numeral

text: system

text: which

text: represents

text: numeric

text: values

text: using

text: two

text: different

text: symbols

text: typically

text: zero

text: and

text: one

text: The

text: system

text: is

text: positional

text: notation

text: with

text: radix

text: of

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: straightforward

text: implementation

text: in

text: digital

text: electronic

text: circuitry

text: using

text: logic

text: gates

text: the

text: binary

text: system

text: is

text: used

text: internally

text: by

text: almost

text: all

text: modern

text: computers

text: and

text: computer

text: based

text: devices

text: Each

text: digit

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: bit

text: Mathematics (from Greek  "máthma", knowledge, study, learning) is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics.

text: Mathematics

text: from

text: Greek

text: máthma

text: knowledge

text: study

text: learning

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: topics

text: such

text: as

text: quantity

text: numbers

text: structure

text: space

text: and

text: change

text: There

text: is

text: range

text: of

text: views

text: among

text: mathematicians

text: and

text: philosophers

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: exact

text: scope

text: and

text: definition

text: of

text: mathematics

text: In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is a self-contained sequence of actions to be performed. Algorithms perform calculation, data processing, and/or automated reasoning tasks.

text: In

text: mathematics

text: and

text: computer

text: science

text: an

text: algorithm

text: is

text: self

text: contained

text: sequence

text: of

text: actions

text: to

text: be

text: performed

text: Algorithms

text: perform

text: calculation

text: data

text: processing

text: and/or

text: automated

text: reasoning

text: tasks

text: Positional notation or place-value notation is a method of representing or encoding numbers. Positional notation is distinguished from other notations (such as Roman numerals) for its use of the same symbol for the different orders of magnitude (for example, the "ones place", "tens place", "hundreds place"). This greatly simplified arithmetic, leading to the rapid spread of the notation across the world.

text: Positional

text: notation

text: or

text: place

text: value

text: notation

text: is

text: method

text: of

text: representing

text: or

text: encoding

text: numbers

text: Positional

text: notation

text: is

text: distinguished

text: from

text: other

text: notations

text: such

text: as

text: Roman

text: numerals

text: for

text: its

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: symbol

text: for

text: the

text: different

text: orders

text: of

text: magnitude

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: ones

text: place

text: tens

text: place

text: hundreds

text: place

text: This

text: greatly

text: simplified

text: arithmetic

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: rapid

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: notation

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: A programming language is a formal computer language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs to control the behavior of a machine or to express algorithms.

text: programming

text: language

text: is

text: formal

text: computer

text: language

text: designed

text: to

text: communicate

text: instructions

text: to

text: machine

text: particularly

text: computer

text: Programming

text: languages

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: create

text: programs

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: behavior

text: of

text: machine

text: or

text: to

text: express

text: algorithms

text: Engineering is the application of mathematics and scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge in order to invent, innovate, design, build, maintain, research, and improve structures, machines, tools, systems, components, materials, processes, solutions, and organizations.

text: Engineering

text: is

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: mathematics

text: and

text: scientific

text: economic

text: social

text: and

text: practical

text: knowledge

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: invent

text: innovate

text: design

text: build

text: maintain

text: research

text: and

text: improve

text: structures

text: machines

text: tools

text: systems

text: components

text: materials

text: processes

text: solutions

text: and

text: organizations

text: Information is that which informs. In other words, it is the answer to a question of some kind. It is thus related to data and knowledge, as data represents values attributed to parameters, and knowledge signifies understanding of real things or abstract concepts. As it regards data, the information's existence is not necessarily coupled to an observer (it exists beyond an event horizon, for example), while in the case of knowledge, the information requires a cognitive observer.

text: Information

text: is

text: that

text: which

text: informs

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: answer

text: to

text: question

text: of

text: some

text: kind

text: It

text: is

text: thus

text: related

text: to

text: data

text: and

text: knowledge

text: as

text: data

text: represents

text: values

text: attributed

text: to

text: parameters

text: and

text: knowledge

text: signifies

text: understanding

text: of

text: real

text: things

text: or

text: abstract

text: concepts

text: As

text: it

text: regards

text: data

text: the

text: information

text: 's

text: existence

text: is

text: not

text: necessarily

text: coupled

text: to

text: an

text: observer

text: it

text: exists

text: beyond

text: an

text: event

text: horizon

text: for

text: example

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: knowledge

text: the

text: information

text: requires

text: cognitive

text: observer

text: In computing , a physical address ( also real address , or binary address ) , is a memory address that is represented in the form of a binary number on the address bus circuitry in order to enable the data bus to access a particular storage cell of main memory , or a register of memory mapped I / O device .

text: In

text: computing

text: physical

text: address

text: also

text: real

text: address

text: or

text: binary

text: address

text: is

text: memory

text: address

text: that

text: is

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: binary

text: number

text: on

text: the

text: address

text: bus

text: circuitry

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: enable

text: the

text: data

text: bus

text: to

text: access

text: particular

text: storage

text: cell

text: of

text: main

text: memory

text: or

text: register

text: of

text: memory

text: mapped

text: device

text: A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow a sequence of operations, called a "program", make computers very flexible and useful. Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design, but also in general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions of other computers.

text: computer

text: is

text: device

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: instructed

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: set

text: of

text: arithmetic

text: or

text: logical

text: operations

text: automatically

text: The

text: ability

text: of

text: computers

text: to

text: follow

text: sequence

text: of

text: operations

text: called

text: program

text: make

text: computers

text: very

text: flexible

text: and

text: useful

text: Such

text: computers

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: control

text: systems

text: for

text: very

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: consumer

text: devices

text: This

text: includes

text: simple

text: special

text: purpose

text: devices

text: like

text: microwave

text: ovens

text: and

text: remote

text: controls

text: factory

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: industrial

text: robots

text: and

text: computer

text: assisted

text: design

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: general

text: purpose

text: devices

text: like

text: personal

text: computers

text: and

text: mobile

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: smartphones

text: The

text: Internet

text: is

text: run

text: on

text: computers

text: and

text: it

text: connects

text: millions

text: of

text: other

text: computers

text: Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software. Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engineering (or electrical engineering), software design, and hardware-software integration instead of only software engineering or electronic engineering. Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software aspects of computing, from the design of individual microcontrollers, microprocessors, personal computers, and supercomputers, to circuit design. This field of engineering not only focuses on how computer systems themselves work, but also how they integrate into the larger picture.

text: Computer

text: engineering

text: is

text: discipline

text: that

text: integrates

text: several

text: fields

text: of

text: electrical

text: engineering

text: and

text: computer

text: science

text: required

text: to

text: develop

text: computer

text: hardware

text: and

text: software

text: Computer

text: engineers

text: usually

text: have

text: training

text: in

text: electronic

text: engineering

text: or

text: electrical

text: engineering

text: software

text: design

text: and

text: hardware

text: software

text: integration

text: instead

text: of

text: only

text: software

text: engineering

text: or

text: electronic

text: engineering

text: Computer

text: engineers

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: many

text: hardware

text: and

text: software

text: aspects

text: of

text: computing

text: from

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: individual

text: microcontrollers

text: microprocessors

text: personal

text: computers

text: and

text: supercomputers

text: to

text: circuit

text: design

text: This

text: field

text: of

text: engineering

text: not

text: only

text: focuses

text: on

text: how

text: computer

text: systems

text: themselves

text: work

text: but

text: also

text: how

text: they

text: integrate

text: into

text: the

text: larger

text: picture

text: Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating a mathematical sequence of steps known as an algorithm  e.g. through computers. Computing includes designing, developing and building hardware and software systems; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific research on and with computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; and creating and using communications and entertainment media. The field of computing includes computer engineering, software engineering, computer science, information systems, and information technology.

text: Computing

text: is

text: any

text: goal

text: oriented

text: activity

text: requiring

text: benefiting

text: from

text: or

text: creating

text: mathematical

text: sequence

text: of

text: steps

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: algorithm

text: e.g.

text: through

text: computers

text: Computing

text: includes

text: designing

text: developing

text: and

text: building

text: hardware

text: and

text: software

text: systems

text: processing

text: structuring

text: and

text: managing

text: various

text: kinds

text: of

text: information

text: doing

text: scientific

text: research

text: on

text: and

text: with

text: computers

text: making

text: computer

text: systems

text: behave

text: intelligently

text: and

text: creating

text: and

text: using

text: communications

text: and

text: entertainment

text: media

text: The

text: field

text: of

text: computing

text: includes

text: computer

text: engineering

text: software

text: engineering

text: computer

text: science

text: information

text: systems

text: and

text: information

text: technology

text: Digital electronics or digital (electronic) circuits are electronics that handle digital signals (discrete bands of analog levels) rather than by continuous ranges as used in analog electronics. All levels within a band of values represent the same information state. Because of this discretization, relatively small changes to the analog signal levels due to manufacturing tolerance, signal attenuation or noise do not leave the discrete envelope, and as a result are ignored by signal state sensing circuitry.

text: Digital

text: electronics

text: or

text: digital

text: electronic

text: circuits

text: are

text: electronics

text: that

text: handle

text: digital

text: signals

text: discrete

text: bands

text: of

text: analog

text: levels

text: rather

text: than

text: by

text: continuous

text: ranges

text: as

text: used

text: in

text: analog

text: electronics

text: All

text: levels

text: within

text: band

text: of

text: values

text: represent

text: the

text: same

text: information

text: state

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: discretization

text: relatively

text: small

text: changes

text: to

text: the

text: analog

text: signal

text: levels

text: due

text: to

text: manufacturing

text: tolerance

text: signal

text: attenuation

text: or

text: noise

text: do

text: not

text: leave

text: the

text: discrete

text: envelope

text: and

text: as

text: result

text: are

text: ignored

text: by

text: signal

text: state

text: sensing

text: circuitry

text: Computer software, or simply software, is that part of a computer system that consists of encoded information or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built.

text: Computer

text: software

text: or

text: simply

text: software

text: is

text: that

text: part

text: of

text: computer

text: system

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: encoded

text: information

text: or

text: computer

text: instructions

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: physical

text: hardware

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: system

text: is

text: built

text: Software engineering (SWE) is the application of engineering to the development of software in a systematic method.

text: Software

text: engineering

text: SWE

text: is

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: engineering

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: software

text: in

text: systematic

text: method

text: In computing, memory address is a data concept used at various levels by software and hardware to access the computer's primary storage memory. Memory addresses are fixed-length sequences of digits conventionally displayed and manipulated as unsigned integers. Such numerical semantic bases itself upon features of CPU (such as the instruction pointer and incremental address registers), as well upon use of the memory like an array endorsed by various programming languages.

text: In

text: computing

text: memory

text: address

text: is

text: data

text: concept

text: used

text: at

text: various

text: levels

text: by

text: software

text: and

text: hardware

text: to

text: access

text: the

text: computer

text: 's

text: primary

text: storage

text: memory

text: Memory

text: addresses

text: are

text: fixed

text: length

text: sequences

text: of

text: digits

text: conventionally

text: displayed

text: and

text: manipulated

text: as

text: unsigned

text: integers

text: Such

text: numerical

text: semantic

text: bases

text: itself

text: upon

text: features

text: of

text: CPU

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: instruction

text: pointer

text: and

text: incremental

text: address

text: registers

text: as

text: well

text: upon

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: memory

text: like

text: an

text: array

text: endorsed

text: by

text: various

text: programming

text: languages

text: An address bus is a computer bus (a series of lines connecting two or more devices) that is used to specify a physical address. When a processor or DMA-enabled device needs to read or write to a memory location, it specifies that memory location on the address bus (the value to be read or written is sent on the data bus). The width of the address bus determines the amount of memory a system can address. For example, a system with a 32-bit address bus can address 2 (4,294,967,296) memory locations. If each memory location holds one byte, the addressable memory space is 4 GB.

text: An

text: address

text: bus

text: is

text: computer

text: bus

text: series

text: of

text: lines

text: connecting

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: devices

text: that

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: specify

text: physical

text: address

text: When

text: processor

text: or

text: DMA

text: enabled

text: device

text: needs

text: to

text: read

text: or

text: write

text: to

text: memory

text: location

text: it

text: specifies

text: that

text: memory

text: location

text: on

text: the

text: address

text: bus

text: the

text: value

text: to

text: be

text: read

text: or

text: written

text: is

text: sent

text: on

text: the

text: data

text: bus

text: The

text: width

text: of

text: the

text: address

text: bus

text: determines

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: memory

text: system

text: can

text: address

text: For

text: example

text: system

text: with

text: address

text: bus

text: can

text: address

text: memory

text: locations

text: If

text: each

text: memory

text: location

text: holds

text: one

text: byte

text: the

text: addressable

text: memory

text: space

text: is

text: GB

text: The bit is a basic unit of information in computing and digital communications. A bit can have only one of two values, and may therefore be physically implemented with a two-state device. These values are most commonly represented as either a . The term "bit" is a portmanteau of binary digit. In information theory, the bit is equivalent to the unit "shannon", named after Claude Shannon.

text: The

text: bit

text: is

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: information

text: in

text: computing

text: and

text: digital

text: communications

text: bit

text: can

text: have

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: values

text: and

text: may

text: therefore

text: be

text: physically

text: implemented

text: with

text: two

text: state

text: device

text: These

text: values

text: are

text: most

text: commonly

text: represented

text: as

text: either

text: The

text: term

text: bit

text: is

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: binary

text: digit

text: In

text: information

text: theory

text: the

text: bit

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: unit

text: shannon

text: named

text: after

text: Claude

text: Shannon

text: In mathematical numeral systems, the radix or base is the number of unique digits, including zero, used to represent numbers in a positional numeral system. For example, for the decimal system (the most common system in use today) the radix is ten, because it uses the ten digits from 0 through 9.

text: In

text: mathematical

text: numeral

text: systems

text: the

text: radix

text: or

text: base

text: is

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: unique

text: digits

text: including

text: zero

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: numbers

text: in

text: positional

text: numeral

text: system

text: For

text: example

text: for

text: the

text: decimal

text: system

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: system

text: in

text: use

text: today

text: the

text: radix

text: is

text: ten

text: because

text: it

text: uses

text: the

text: ten

text: digits

text: from

text: through

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of physical address

answer: computer science

text: computer science

text: computer science

text: computer science

text: computer science

text: computer science


text: 13th Planet Records is an American record label founded by Ministry frontman Al Jourgensen. In addition to its function as an artist-run, artist-friendly independent label, 13th Planet encompasses several realms of the music industry including artist management, touring (including 2008's "C U LaTouR"), music publishing as well as a full-scale rehearsal and recording studio.

text: Planet

text: Records

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: founded

text: by

text: Ministry

text: frontman

text: Al

text: Jourgensen

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: its

text: function

text: as

text: an

text: artist

text: run

text: artist

text: friendly

text: independent

text: label

text: Planet

text: encompasses

text: several

text: realms

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: including

text: artist

text: management

text: touring

text: including

text: 's

text: LaTouR

text: music

text: publishing

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: full

text: scale

text: rehearsal

text: and

text: recording

text: studio

text: Hardcore punk (often abbreviated to hardcore) is a punk rock music genre that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock. Its roots can be traced to earlier punk scenes in San Francisco and Southern California which arose as a reaction against the still predominant hippie cultural climate of the time and was also inspired by New York punk rock and early proto-punk. New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the established music industry and "anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock" and often addresses social and political topics.

text: Hardcore

text: punk

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: hardcore

text: is

text: punk

text: rock

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: faster

text: harder

text: and

text: more

text: aggressive

text: than

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: punk

text: rock

text: Its

text: roots

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: earlier

text: punk

text: scenes

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: and

text: Southern

text: California

text: which

text: arose

text: as

text: reaction

text: against

text: the

text: still

text: predominant

text: hippie

text: cultural

text: climate

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: inspired

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: punk

text: rock

text: and

text: early

text: proto

text: punk

text: New

text: York

text: punk

text: had

text: harder

text: edged

text: sound

text: than

text: its

text: San

text: Francisco

text: counterpart

text: featuring

text: anti

text: art

text: expressions

text: of

text: masculine

text: anger

text: energy

text: and

text: subversive

text: humor

text: Hardcore

text: punk

text: generally

text: disavows

text: commercialism

text: the

text: established

text: music

text: industry

text: and

text: anything

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: characteristics

text: of

text: mainstream

text: rock

text: and

text: often

text: addresses

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: topics

text: Industrial metal is a musical genre that draws from industrial dance music, thrash metal and hardcore punk, using repeating metal guitar riffs, sampling, synthesizer or sequencer lines, and distorted vocals. Founding industrial metal acts include Ministry, Godflesh, and KMFDM.

text: Industrial

text: metal

text: is

text: musical

text: genre

text: that

text: draws

text: from

text: industrial

text: dance

text: music

text: thrash

text: metal

text: and

text: hardcore

text: punk

text: using

text: repeating

text: metal

text: guitar

text: riffs

text: sampling

text: synthesizer

text: or

text: sequencer

text: lines

text: and

text: distorted

text: vocals

text: Founding

text: industrial

text: metal

text: acts

text: include

text: Ministry

text: Godflesh

text: and

text: KMFDM

text: Godflesh are an English industrial metal band from Birmingham. They were formed in 1988 by Justin Broadrick (guitar, vocals and programming) and G. C. Green (bass) and disbanded in 2002. Godflesh's innovative music is widely regarded as a foundational influence on industrial metal and post-metal. Broadrick and Green reformed Godflesh in 2010.

text: Godflesh

text: are

text: an

text: English

text: industrial

text: metal

text: band

text: from

text: Birmingham

text: They

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: Justin

text: Broadrick

text: guitar

text: vocals

text: and

text: programming

text: and

text: Green

text: bass

text: and

text: disbanded

text: in

text: Godflesh

text: 's

text: innovative

text: music

text: is

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: foundational

text: influence

text: on

text: industrial

text: metal

text: and

text: post

text: metal

text: Broadrick

text: and

text: Green

text: reformed

text: Godflesh

text: in

text: The Last Sucker is the eleventh studio album by industrial metal band Ministry, released in 2007 through 13th Planet Records. For three years until their reformation in 2011, it was the band's last studio album featuring new material.

text: The

text: Last

text: Sucker

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: industrial

text: metal

text: band

text: Ministry

text: released

text: in

text: through

text: Planet

text: Records

text: For

text: three

text: years

text: until

text: their

text: reformation

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: last

text: studio

text: album

text: featuring

text: new

text: material

text: Thrash metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music characterized by its fast tempo and overall aggression. The songs usually use fast percussive beats and low-register guitar riffs, overlaid with shredding-style lead work. The lyrics often deal with social issues and reproach for The Establishment, using direct and denunciatory language, an approach borrowed from hardcore punk.

text: Thrash

text: metal

text: is

text: an

text: extreme

text: subgenre

text: of

text: heavy

text: metal

text: music

text: characterized

text: by

text: its

text: fast

text: tempo

text: and

text: overall

text: aggression

text: The

text: songs

text: usually

text: use

text: fast

text: percussive

text: beats

text: and

text: low

text: register

text: guitar

text: riffs

text: overlaid

text: with

text: shredding

text: style

text: lead

text: work

text: The

text: lyrics

text: often

text: deal

text: with

text: social

text: issues

text: and

text: reproach

text: for

text: The

text: Establishment

text: using

text: direct

text: and

text: denunciatory

text: language

text: an

text: approach

text: borrowed

text: from

text: hardcore

text: punk

text: The Last Dubber is a remix album by industrial metal band Ministry . The album is composed of remixes from the band 's 2007 album The Last Sucker .

text: The

text: Last

text: Dubber

text: is

text: remix

text: album

text: by

text: industrial

text: metal

text: band

text: Ministry

text: The

text: album

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: remixes

text: from

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: album

text: The

text: Last

text: Sucker

text: KMFDM (originally Kein Mehrheit Für Die Mitleid, "loosely" translated by the band as "no pity for the majority") is an industrial band led by German multi-instrumentalist Sascha Konietzko, who founded the group in 1984 as a performance art project.

text: KMFDM

text: originally

text: Kein

text: Mehrheit

text: Für

text: Die

text: Mitleid

text: loosely

text: translated

text: by

text: the

text: band

text: as

text: no

text: pity

text: for

text: the

text: majority

text: is

text: an

text: industrial

text: band

text: led

text: by

text: German

text: multi

text: instrumentalist

text: Sascha

text: Konietzko

text: who

text: founded

text: the

text: group

text: in

text: as

text: performance

text: art

text: project

annotations: follows multiple

question: record_label the last dubber

answer: 13th planet records

text: 13th planet records

text: 13th planet records


text: A television producer is a person who oversees all aspects of video production on a television program. Some producers take more of an executive role, in that they conceive new programs and pitch them to the television networks, but upon acceptance they focus on business matters, such as budgets and contracts. Other producers are more involved with the day-to-day workings, participating in activities such as screenwriting, set design, casting, and directing.

text: television

text: producer

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: oversees

text: all

text: aspects

text: of

text: video

text: production

text: on

text: television

text: program

text: Some

text: producers

text: take

text: more

text: of

text: an

text: executive

text: role

text: in

text: that

text: they

text: conceive

text: new

text: programs

text: and

text: pitch

text: them

text: to

text: the

text: television

text: networks

text: but

text: upon

text: acceptance

text: they

text: focus

text: on

text: business

text: matters

text: such

text: as

text: budgets

text: and

text: contracts

text: Other

text: producers

text: are

text: more

text: involved

text: with

text: the

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: workings

text: participating

text: in

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: screenwriting

text: set

text: design

text: casting

text: and

text: directing

text: Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a "literature of ideas." It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction.

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: SF

text: sci

text: fi

text: or

text: scifi

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: typically

text: dealing

text: with

text: imaginative

text: concepts

text: such

text: as

text: futuristic

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: space

text: travel

text: time

text: travel

text: faster

text: than

text: light

text: travel

text: parallel

text: universes

text: and

text: extraterrestrial

text: life

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: explores

text: the

text: potential

text: consequences

text: of

text: scientific

text: and

text: other

text: innovations

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: literature

text: of

text: ideas

text: It

text: usually

text: avoids

text: the

text: supernatural

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: related

text: genre

text: of

text: fantasy

text: historically

text: science

text: fiction

text: stories

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: have

text: grounding

text: in

text: science

text: based

text: fact

text: or

text: theory

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: story

text: was

text: created

text: but

text: this

text: connection

text: is

text: now

text: limited

text: to

text: hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: Michelle Christine Trachtenberg (born October 11, 1985) is an American actress. She is known for portraying Nona F. Mecklenberg in "The Adventures of Pete & Pete" (199496), Dawn Summers in "Buffy the Vampire Slayer" (200003), Celeste in "Six Feet Under" (2004), and Georgina Sparks in "Gossip Girl" (200812). She has also appeared in films such as "Harriet the Spy" (1996), "Inspector Gadget" (1999), "EuroTrip" (2004), "Ice Princess" (2005), "Black Christmas" (2006), "17 Again" (2009), "Cop Out" (2010), and "Killing Kennedy" (2013).

text: Michelle

text: Christine

text: Trachtenberg

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actress

text: She

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: portraying

text: Nona

text: Mecklenberg

text: in

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Pete

text: Pete

text: Dawn

text: Summers

text: in

text: Buffy

text: the

text: Vampire

text: Slayer

text: Celeste

text: in

text: Six

text: Feet

text: Under

text: and

text: Georgina

text: Sparks

text: in

text: Gossip

text: Girl

text: She

text: has

text: also

text: appeared

text: in

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: Harriet

text: the

text: Spy

text: Inspector

text: Gadget

text: EuroTrip

text: Ice

text: Princess

text: Black

text: Christmas

text: Again

text: Cop

text: Out

text: and

text: Killing

text: Kennedy

text: A television director directs the activities involved in making a television program and is part of a television crew.

text: television

text: director

text: directs

text: the

text: activities

text: involved

text: in

text: making

text: television

text: program

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: television

text: crew

text: An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.

text: An

text: actor

text: or

text: actress

text: for

text: females

text: see

text: terminology

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: portrays

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: actor

text: performs

text: in

text: the

text: flesh

text: in

text: the

text: traditional

text: medium

text: of

text: the

text: theatre

text: or

text: in

text: modern

text: mediums

text: such

text: as

text: film

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: The

text: analogous

text: Greek

text: term

text: is

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: answers

text: The

text: actor

text: 's

text: interpretation

text: of

text: their

text: role

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: played

text: whether

text: based

text: on

text: real

text: person

text: or

text: fictional

text: character

text: Interpretation

text: occurs

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: actor

text: is

text: playing

text: themselves

text: as

text: in

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: experimental

text: performance

text: art

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: to

text: act

text: is

text: to

text: create

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: Thomas William "Tom" Selleck (born January 29, 1945) is an American actor and film producer. He is best known for his starring role as the Hawaii-based private investigator Thomas Magnum in the television series "Magnum, P.I." (19801988). He also plays Police Chief Jesse Stone in a series of made-for-TV movies based on Robert B. Parker novels. Since 2010, he has also been a primary cast member as NYPD Commissioner Frank Reagan in the drama "Blue Bloods" on CBS.

text: Thomas

text: William

text: Tom

text: Selleck

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: film

text: producer

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: starring

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: Hawaii

text: based

text: private

text: investigator

text: Thomas

text: Magnum

text: in

text: the

text: television

text: series

text: Magnum

text: P.I.

text: He

text: also

text: plays

text: Police

text: Chief

text: Jesse

text: Stone

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: made

text: for

text: TV

text: movies

text: based

text: on

text: Robert

text: Parker

text: novels

text: Since

text: he

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: primary

text: cast

text: member

text: as

text: NYPD

text: Commissioner

text: Frank

text: Reagan

text: in

text: the

text: drama

text: Blue

text: Bloods

text: on

text: CBS

text: American Dreams is an American television drama program broadcast on the NBC television network, produced by Once A Frog and Dick Clark Productions in association with Universal Network Television and NBC Studios. The show tells the story of the Pryor family of Philadelphia during the mid-1960s. Season one takes place in 196364, season two in 196465, and season three in 196566.

text: American

text: Dreams

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: drama

text: program

text: broadcast

text: on

text: the

text: NBC

text: television

text: network

text: produced

text: by

text: Once

text: Frog

text: and

text: Dick

text: Clark

text: Productions

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: Universal

text: Network

text: Television

text: and

text: NBC

text: Studios

text: The

text: show

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: the

text: Pryor

text: family

text: of

text: Philadelphia

text: during

text: the

text: Season

text: one

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: season

text: two

text: in

text: and

text: season

text: three

text: in

text: EuroTrip is a 2004 American-European teen comedy adventure film written by Alec Berg, David Mandel, and Jeff Schaffer, and directed by Schaffer. The film stars Scott Mechlowicz, Jacob Pitts, Michelle Trachtenberg, Travis Wester, and Jessica Boehrs. Mechlowicz portrays Scott "Scotty" Thomas, an American teenager who travels across Europe in search of his German pen pal, Mieke (Boehrs). Accompanied by his friend Cooper (Pitts) and siblings Jenny and Jamie (Trachtenberg and Wester), Scott's quest takes him to London, Paris, Amsterdam, Bratislava, Berlin, and Rome, encountering awkward and embarrassing situations along the way. The film received a 2004 Teen Choice Award nomination for "Choice Movie Your Parents Didn't Want You to See".

text: EuroTrip

text: is

text: American

text: European

text: teen

text: comedy

text: adventure

text: film

text: written

text: by

text: Alec

text: Berg

text: David

text: Mandel

text: and

text: Jeff

text: Schaffer

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Schaffer

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Scott

text: Mechlowicz

text: Jacob

text: Pitts

text: Michelle

text: Trachtenberg

text: Travis

text: Wester

text: and

text: Jessica

text: Boehrs

text: Mechlowicz

text: portrays

text: Scott

text: Scotty

text: Thomas

text: an

text: American

text: teenager

text: who

text: travels

text: across

text: Europe

text: in

text: search

text: of

text: his

text: German

text: pen

text: pal

text: Mieke

text: Boehrs

text: Accompanied

text: by

text: his

text: friend

text: Cooper

text: Pitts

text: and

text: siblings

text: Jenny

text: and

text: Jamie

text: Trachtenberg

text: and

text: Wester

text: Scott

text: 's

text: quest

text: takes

text: him

text: to

text: London

text: Paris

text: Amsterdam

text: Bratislava

text: Berlin

text: and

text: Rome

text: encountering

text: awkward

text: and

text: embarrassing

text: situations

text: along

text: the

text: way

text: The

text: film

text: received

text: Teen

text: Choice

text: Award

text: nomination

text: for

text: Choice

text: Movie

text: Your

text: Parents

text: Did

text: n't

text: Want

text: You

text: to

text: See

text: The Dive From Clausen 's Pier is a 2005 Lifetime original film based on an Ann Packer novel directed by Harry Winer and starring Will Estes , Michelle Trachtenberg , and Sean Maher . It premiered on July 25 , 2005 on Lifetime . Mike is a quadriplegic after suffering a major diving accident . His fiancée , Carrie , is not in love with him anymore and is confused and lost after the accident . As a result , she decides to move to Manhattan and away from her small town life . Along the way she meets a handsome , older man who has problems of his own . Carrie tries to figure out where her place in the world is in a journey of self - discovery . Many of the characters in the film are in their late teens or early twenties , while in the source novel they are much older . The film also ends on a slightly more optimistic tone than the novel .

text: The

text: Dive

text: From

text: Clausen

text: 's

text: Pier

text: is

text: Lifetime

text: original

text: film

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: Ann

text: Packer

text: novel

text: directed

text: by

text: Harry

text: Winer

text: and

text: starring

text: Will

text: Estes

text: Michelle

text: Trachtenberg

text: and

text: Sean

text: Maher

text: It

text: premiered

text: on

text: July

text: on

text: Lifetime

text: Mike

text: is

text: quadriplegic

text: after

text: suffering

text: major

text: diving

text: accident

text: His

text: fiancée

text: Carrie

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: love

text: with

text: him

text: anymore

text: and

text: is

text: confused

text: and

text: lost

text: after

text: the

text: accident

text: As

text: result

text: she

text: decides

text: to

text: move

text: to

text: Manhattan

text: and

text: away

text: from

text: her

text: small

text: town

text: life

text: Along

text: the

text: way

text: she

text: meets

text: handsome

text: older

text: man

text: who

text: has

text: problems

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: Carrie

text: tries

text: to

text: figure

text: out

text: where

text: her

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: in

text: journey

text: of

text: self

text: discovery

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: characters

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: are

text: in

text: their

text: late

text: teens

text: or

text: early

text: twenties

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: source

text: novel

text: they

text: are

text: much

text: older

text: The

text: film

text: also

text: ends

text: on

text: slightly

text: more

text: optimistic

text: tone

text: than

text: the

text: novel

text: Sean Maher (born April 16, 1975) is an American actor. He is known for his portrayal of Simon Tam in the science fiction television series "Firefly" and follow-up movie "Serenity".

text: Sean

text: Maher

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: portrayal

text: of

text: Simon

text: Tam

text: in

text: the

text: science

text: fiction

text: television

text: series

text: Firefly

text: and

text: follow

text: up

text: movie

text: Serenity

text: Shelley Marie Hack (born July 6, 1947) is an American model, actress, producer, and political and media advisor. Hack is best remembered as the face of Revlon's "Charlie" perfume from the mid-1970s until the early 1980s, and for her role as Tiffany Welles in Season 4 (19791980) of the ABC television drama "Charlie's Angels", replacing the departing Kate Jackson. She appeared in a total of 26 episodes of the series, before being replaced in Season 5 by model-actress Tanya Roberts.

text: Shelley

text: Marie

text: Hack

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: model

text: actress

text: producer

text: and

text: political

text: and

text: media

text: advisor

text: Hack

text: is

text: best

text: remembered

text: as

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: Revlon

text: 's

text: Charlie

text: perfume

text: from

text: the

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: for

text: her

text: role

text: as

text: Tiffany

text: Welles

text: in

text: Season

text: of

text: the

text: ABC

text: television

text: drama

text: Charlie

text: 's

text: Angels

text: replacing

text: the

text: departing

text: Kate

text: Jackson

text: She

text: appeared

text: in

text: total

text: of

text: episodes

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: before

text: being

text: replaced

text: in

text: Season

text: by

text: model

text: actress

text: Tanya

text: Roberts

text: The Lampyridae are a family of insects in the beetle order Coleoptera. They are winged beetles, commonly called fireflies or lightning bugs for their conspicuous use of bioluminescence during twilight to attract mates or prey. Fireflies produce a "cold light", with no infrared or ultraviolet frequencies. This chemically produced light from the lower abdomen may be yellow, green, or pale red, with wavelengths from 510 to 670 nanometers.

text: The

text: Lampyridae

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: insects

text: in

text: the

text: beetle

text: order

text: Coleoptera

text: They

text: are

text: winged

text: beetles

text: commonly

text: called

text: fireflies

text: or

text: lightning

text: bugs

text: for

text: their

text: conspicuous

text: use

text: of

text: bioluminescence

text: during

text: twilight

text: to

text: attract

text: mates

text: or

text: prey

text: Fireflies

text: produce

text: cold

text: light

text: with

text: no

text: infrared

text: or

text: ultraviolet

text: frequencies

text: This

text: chemically

text: produced

text: light

text: from

text: the

text: lower

text: abdomen

text: may

text: be

text: yellow

text: green

text: or

text: pale

text: red

text: with

text: wavelengths

text: from

text: to

text: nanometers

text: Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. It can refer to a television set, a television program ("TV show"), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium, for entertainment, education, news, and advertising.

text: Television

text: or

text: TV

text: is

text: telecommunication

text: medium

text: used

text: for

text: transmitting

text: moving

text: images

text: in

text: monochrome

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: or

text: in

text: color

text: and

text: in

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: dimensions

text: and

text: sound

text: It

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: television

text: set

text: television

text: program

text: TV

text: show

text: or

text: the

text: medium

text: of

text: television

text: transmission

text: Television

text: is

text: mass

text: medium

text: for

text: entertainment

text: education

text: news

text: and

text: advertising

text: Will Estes (born October 21, 1978) is an American actor known for his role on CBS police drama "Blue Bloods" as Jameson "Jamie" Reagan, a New York Police Department officer and the younger son of the police commissioner, played by Tom Selleck. Previously, he starred as J.J. Pryor, on the NBC drama "American Dreams".

text: Will

text: Estes

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: on

text: CBS

text: police

text: drama

text: Blue

text: Bloods

text: as

text: Jameson

text: Jamie

text: Reagan

text: New

text: York

text: Police

text: Department

text: officer

text: and

text: the

text: younger

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: police

text: commissioner

text: played

text: by

text: Tom

text: Selleck

text: Previously

text: he

text: starred

text: as

text: J.J.

text: Pryor

text: on

text: the

text: NBC

text: drama

text: American

text: Dreams

text: Buffy the Vampire Slayer is an American television series created by Joss Whedon under his production tag, Mutant Enemy Productions with later co-executive producers being Jane Espenson, David Fury, David Greenwalt, Doug Petrie, Marti Noxon, and David Solomon. The series premiered on March 10, 1997, on The WB and concluded on May 20, 2003, on UPN. The series narrative follows Buffy Summers (played by Sarah Michelle Gellar), the latest in a line of young women known as "Vampire Slayers", or simply "Slayers". In the story, Slayers are "called" (chosen by fate) to battle against vampires, demons, and other forces of darkness. Like previous Slayers, Buffy is aided by a Watcher, who guides, teaches, and trains her. Unlike her predecessors, Buffy surrounds herself with a circle of loyal friends who become known as the "Scooby Gang".

text: Buffy

text: the

text: Vampire

text: Slayer

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: Joss

text: Whedon

text: under

text: his

text: production

text: tag

text: Mutant

text: Enemy

text: Productions

text: with

text: later

text: co

text: executive

text: producers

text: being

text: Jane

text: Espenson

text: David

text: Fury

text: David

text: Greenwalt

text: Doug

text: Petrie

text: Marti

text: Noxon

text: and

text: David

text: Solomon

text: The

text: series

text: premiered

text: on

text: March

text: on

text: The

text: WB

text: and

text: concluded

text: on

text: May

text: on

text: UPN

text: The

text: series

text: narrative

text: follows

text: Buffy

text: Summers

text: played

text: by

text: Sarah

text: Michelle

text: Gellar

text: the

text: latest

text: in

text: line

text: of

text: young

text: women

text: known

text: as

text: Vampire

text: Slayers

text: or

text: simply

text: Slayers

text: In

text: the

text: story

text: Slayers

text: are

text: called

text: chosen

text: by

text: fate

text: to

text: battle

text: against

text: vampires

text: demons

text: and

text: other

text: forces

text: of

text: darkness

text: Like

text: previous

text: Slayers

text: Buffy

text: is

text: aided

text: by

text: Watcher

text: who

text: guides

text: teaches

text: and

text: trains

text: her

text: Unlike

text: her

text: predecessors

text: Buffy

text: surrounds

text: herself

text: with

text: circle

text: of

text: loyal

text: friends

text: who

text: become

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Scooby

text: Gang

text: Ice Princess is a 2005 American figure-skating film directed by Tim Fywell, written by Hadley Davis from a story by Meg Cabot and Davis, and starring Michelle Trachtenberg, Joan Cusack, Kim Cattrall and Hayden Panettiere. The film focuses on Casey Carlyle, a normal teenager who gives up a promising future academic life in order to pursue her new-found dream of being a professional figure skater. The film was released on March 18, 2005. "Ice Princess" had an unsuccessful performance at the box office, grossing $24 million in the United States during its theatrical run against a production budget of $25 million. It did, however, inspire Zahra Lari, a Muslim in the United Arab Emirates, to take up the sport, become an Olympics 2018 hopeful, and inspire more freedom for women.

text: Ice

text: Princess

text: is

text: American

text: figure

text: skating

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Tim

text: Fywell

text: written

text: by

text: Hadley

text: Davis

text: from

text: story

text: by

text: Meg

text: Cabot

text: and

text: Davis

text: and

text: starring

text: Michelle

text: Trachtenberg

text: Joan

text: Cusack

text: Kim

text: Cattrall

text: and

text: Hayden

text: Panettiere

text: The

text: film

text: focuses

text: on

text: Casey

text: Carlyle

text: normal

text: teenager

text: who

text: gives

text: up

text: promising

text: future

text: academic

text: life

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: pursue

text: her

text: new

text: found

text: dream

text: of

text: being

text: professional

text: figure

text: skater

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: March

text: Ice

text: Princess

text: had

text: an

text: unsuccessful

text: performance

text: at

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: grossing

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: its

text: theatrical

text: run

text: against

text: production

text: budget

text: of

text: million

text: It

text: did

text: however

text: inspire

text: Zahra

text: Lari

text: Muslim

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: to

text: take

text: up

text: the

text: sport

text: become

text: an

text: Olympics

text: hopeful

text: and

text: inspire

text: more

text: freedom

text: for

text: women

text: Georgina Sparks is a fictional character in the "Gossip Girl" novel series and a recurring character on the television series of the same name, in which she is portrayed by Michelle Trachtenberg. While the novel series portrays her as a harmless, friendly drug-addicted young girl, the television adaption portrays her as a cruel, manipulative young socialite who creates havoc throughout the show. Originally conceived as the series' primary antagonist, by the final season Georgina came into the good graces of the Upper East Side - even becoming a member of their inner circle. She is notable for her manipulative machinations and sudden returns throughout the series, and for appearing in all the finales, and most recently the latter half of the fifth season in light of cast members Taylor Momsen and Jessica Szohr departing. In the sixth and final season of the show, she appears in 8 of 10 episodes.

text: Georgina

text: Sparks

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: in

text: the

text: Gossip

text: Girl

text: novel

text: series

text: and

text: recurring

text: character

text: on

text: the

text: television

text: series

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: in

text: which

text: she

text: is

text: portrayed

text: by

text: Michelle

text: Trachtenberg

text: While

text: the

text: novel

text: series

text: portrays

text: her

text: as

text: harmless

text: friendly

text: drug

text: addicted

text: young

text: girl

text: the

text: television

text: adaption

text: portrays

text: her

text: as

text: cruel

text: manipulative

text: young

text: socialite

text: who

text: creates

text: havoc

text: throughout

text: the

text: show

text: Originally

text: conceived

text: as

text: the

text: series

text: primary

text: antagonist

text: by

text: the

text: final

text: season

text: Georgina

text: came

text: into

text: the

text: good

text: graces

text: of

text: the

text: Upper

text: East

text: Side

text: even

text: becoming

text: member

text: of

text: their

text: inner

text: circle

text: She

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: her

text: manipulative

text: machinations

text: and

text: sudden

text: returns

text: throughout

text: the

text: series

text: and

text: for

text: appearing

text: in

text: all

text: the

text: finales

text: and

text: most

text: recently

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: fifth

text: season

text: in

text: light

text: of

text: cast

text: members

text: Taylor

text: Momsen

text: and

text: Jessica

text: Szohr

text: departing

text: In

text: the

text: sixth

text: and

text: final

text: season

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: she

text: appears

text: in

text: of

text: episodes

text: Harry Winer (born May 4, 1947 in Detroit, Michigan, U.S.) is an American television director, television producer, and television writer. He is married to former actress Shelley Hack, with whom he has a daughter.

text: Harry

text: Winer

text: born

text: May

text: in

text: Detroit

text: Michigan

text: U.S.

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: director

text: television

text: producer

text: and

text: television

text: writer

text: He

text: is

text: married

text: to

text: former

text: actress

text: Shelley

text: Hack

text: with

text: whom

text: he

text: has

text: daughter

text: Dawn Summers is a fictional character created by Joss Whedon and introduced by Marti Noxon and David Fury on the television series "Buffy the Vampire Slayer", portrayed by Michelle Trachtenberg. She made her debut in the premiere episode of the show's fifth season and subsequently appeared in every episode of its remaining three seasons. Within the series, Dawn is the little sister of main character Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar), a girl chosen by fate to be a vampire Slayer. Whedon introduced Dawn to the series because he wanted to introduce a character with whom Buffy could have an intensely emotional non-romantic relationship.

text: Dawn

text: Summers

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: created

text: by

text: Joss

text: Whedon

text: and

text: introduced

text: by

text: Marti

text: Noxon

text: and

text: David

text: Fury

text: on

text: the

text: television

text: series

text: Buffy

text: the

text: Vampire

text: Slayer

text: portrayed

text: by

text: Michelle

text: Trachtenberg

text: She

text: made

text: her

text: debut

text: in

text: the

text: premiere

text: episode

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: fifth

text: season

text: and

text: subsequently

text: appeared

text: in

text: every

text: episode

text: of

text: its

text: remaining

text: three

text: seasons

text: Within

text: the

text: series

text: Dawn

text: is

text: the

text: little

text: sister

text: of

text: main

text: character

text: Buffy

text: Summers

text: Sarah

text: Michelle

text: Gellar

text: girl

text: chosen

text: by

text: fate

text: to

text: be

text: vampire

text: Slayer

text: Whedon

text: introduced

text: Dawn

text: to

text: the

text: series

text: because

text: he

text: wanted

text: to

text: introduce

text: character

text: with

text: whom

text: Buffy

text: could

text: have

text: an

text: intensely

text: emotional

text: non

text: romantic

text: relationship

text: CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City (at the CBS Broadcast Center) and Los Angeles (at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center).

text: CBS

text: an

text: initialism

text: of

text: the

text: network

text: 's

text: former

text: name

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: commercial

text: broadcast

text: television

text: network

text: that

text: is

text: flagship

text: property

text: of

text: CBS

text: Corporation

text: The

text: company

text: is

text: headquartered

text: at

text: the

text: CBS

text: Building

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: major

text: production

text: facilities

text: and

text: operations

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: at

text: the

text: CBS

text: Broadcast

text: Center

text: and

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: at

text: CBS

text: Television

text: City

text: and

text: the

text: CBS

text: Studio

text: Center

text: Gossip Girl is an American teen drama television series based on the book series of the same name written by Cecily von Ziegesar. The series, created by Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage, originally ran on The CW for six seasons from September 19, 2007, to December 17, 2012. Narrated by the omniscient blogger "Gossip Girl", voiced by Kristen Bell, the series revolves around the fictional lives of upper-class adolescents living in Manhattan's Upper East Side.

text: Gossip

text: Girl

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: teen

text: drama

text: television

text: series

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: book

text: series

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: written

text: by

text: Cecily

text: von

text: Ziegesar

text: The

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: Josh

text: Schwartz

text: and

text: Stephanie

text: Savage

text: originally

text: ran

text: on

text: The

text: CW

text: for

text: six

text: seasons

text: from

text: September

text: to

text: December

text: Narrated

text: by

text: the

text: omniscient

text: blogger

text: Gossip

text: Girl

text: voiced

text: by

text: Kristen

text: Bell

text: the

text: series

text: revolves

text: around

text: the

text: fictional

text: lives

text: of

text: upper

text: class

text: adolescents

text: living

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: 's

text: Upper

text: East

text: Side

annotations: likely single

question: genre the dive from clausen's pier

answer: drama

text: drama

text: drama

text: drama

text: drama

text: drama

text: drama