text: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.

text: Spain

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: largely

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Europe

text: with

text: two

text: large

text: archipelagos

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: two

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: mainland

text: and

text: several

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Alboran

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: Moroccan

text: coast

text: Its

text: mainland

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Gibraltar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: France

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: border

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: country

text: Morocco

text: and

text: its

text: African

text: territory

text: accounts

text: for

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: Manuel I (English: "Emmanuel I"; 31 May 1469  13 December 1521), the Fortunate (Port. ""), King of Portugal and the Algarves, was the son of Infante Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu, by his wife, the Infanta Beatrice of Portugal. His name is associated with a period of Portuguese civilization that was distinguished by significant achievements both in political affairs and the arts. In spite of its small size and population in comparison to the great land powers of Europe, Portugal, during Manuel`s reign, was able to acquire an overseas empire of vast proportions, the first in world history to reach global dimensions.

text: Manuel

text: English

text: Emmanuel

text: May

text: December

text: the

text: Fortunate

text: Port

text: King

text: of

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Algarves

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Infante

text: Ferdinand

text: Duke

text: of

text: Viseu

text: by

text: his

text: wife

text: the

text: Infanta

text: Beatrice

text: of

text: Portugal

text: His

text: name

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: period

text: of

text: Portuguese

text: civilization

text: that

text: was

text: distinguished

text: by

text: significant

text: achievements

text: both

text: in

text: political

text: affairs

text: and

text: the

text: arts

text: In

text: spite

text: of

text: its

text: small

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: the

text: great

text: land

text: powers

text: of

text: Europe

text: Portugal

text: during

text: Manuel`s

text: reign

text: was

text: able

text: to

text: acquire

text: an

text: overseas

text: empire

text: of

text: vast

text: proportions

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: world

text: history

text: to

text: reach

text: global

text: dimensions

text: Abraham Saba ( 1440 -- 1508 ) was a preacher in Castile who became a pupil of Isaac de Leon . At the time of the expulsion of the Jews from Spain he took refuge in Portugal , where he met with further misfortune ; for scarcely had he settled in Oporto when King Manuel I of Portugal ordered all Jews to be expelled from Portugal , all Jewish children to become Christians , and all Hebrew books to be burned ( December 24 , 1496 ) . Saba 's two sons were forcibly taken from him , and he fled from Oporto , abandoning his entire library and succeeding only at the risk of his life in saving his own works in manuscript . He fled to Lisbon , but before reaching there was told of a new order of the king decreeing the death of any Jew with whom a Hebrew book or tefillin ( phylacteries ) were found . He hid his manuscripts and tefillin under an olive - tree and entered the city . Upon leaving Lisbon he attempted to recover his hidden treasure , but being discovered by the king 's guards , he was thrown into prison , and after a six months ' confinement was sent across the frontier . He went to Fez , Morocco , where he resided for ten years . Soon after his arrival he fell ill ; his great privations and terrible sufferings having undermined his health .

text: Abraham

text: Saba

text: was

text: preacher

text: in

text: Castile

text: who

text: became

text: pupil

text: of

text: Isaac

text: de

text: Leon

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: from

text: Spain

text: he

text: took

text: refuge

text: in

text: Portugal

text: where

text: he

text: met

text: with

text: further

text: misfortune

text: for

text: scarcely

text: had

text: he

text: settled

text: in

text: Oporto

text: when

text: King

text: Manuel

text: of

text: Portugal

text: ordered

text: all

text: Jews

text: to

text: be

text: expelled

text: from

text: Portugal

text: all

text: Jewish

text: children

text: to

text: become

text: Christians

text: and

text: all

text: Hebrew

text: books

text: to

text: be

text: burned

text: December

text: Saba

text: 's

text: two

text: sons

text: were

text: forcibly

text: taken

text: from

text: him

text: and

text: he

text: fled

text: from

text: Oporto

text: abandoning

text: his

text: entire

text: library

text: and

text: succeeding

text: only

text: at

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: in

text: saving

text: his

text: own

text: works

text: in

text: manuscript

text: He

text: fled

text: to

text: Lisbon

text: but

text: before

text: reaching

text: there

text: was

text: told

text: of

text: new

text: order

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: decreeing

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: any

text: Jew

text: with

text: whom

text: Hebrew

text: book

text: or

text: tefillin

text: phylacteries

text: were

text: found

text: He

text: hid

text: his

text: manuscripts

text: and

text: tefillin

text: under

text: an

text: olive

text: tree

text: and

text: entered

text: the

text: city

text: Upon

text: leaving

text: Lisbon

text: he

text: attempted

text: to

text: recover

text: his

text: hidden

text: treasure

text: but

text: being

text: discovered

text: by

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: guards

text: he

text: was

text: thrown

text: into

text: prison

text: and

text: after

text: six

text: months

text: confinement

text: was

text: sent

text: across

text: the

text: frontier

text: He

text: went

text: to

text: Fez

text: Morocco

text: where

text: he

text: resided

text: for

text: ten

text: years

text: Soon

text: after

text: his

text: arrival

text: he

text: fell

text: ill

text: his

text: great

text: privations

text: and

text: terrible

text: sufferings

text: having

text: undermined

text: his

text: health

text: Isaac de Leon, who lived at Toledo, Spain, was one of the last rabbis of Castile. He was a native of Leon, and a pupil of Isaac Campanton, and, like Moses de Leon, a kabbalist and a believer in miracles. Joseph Caro and others honored him with the title of "the great teacher." He was more than seventy years of age at his death, which occurred some years before the expulsion of the Jews from Spain; he was mourned by many pupils. The work ascribed to him, "Megillat Ester," an answer to Nahmanides' criticism of Maimonides' "Sefer ha-Miwot," has been proved by Azulai to belong to Isaac Leon ibn Zur, a later writer.

text: Isaac

text: de

text: Leon

text: who

text: lived

text: at

text: Toledo

text: Spain

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: rabbis

text: of

text: Castile

text: He

text: was

text: native

text: of

text: Leon

text: and

text: pupil

text: of

text: Isaac

text: Campanton

text: and

text: like

text: Moses

text: de

text: Leon

text: kabbalist

text: and

text: believer

text: in

text: miracles

text: Joseph

text: Caro

text: and

text: others

text: honored

text: him

text: with

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: teacher

text: He

text: was

text: more

text: than

text: seventy

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: at

text: his

text: death

text: which

text: occurred

text: some

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: expulsion

text: of

text: the

text: Jews

text: from

text: Spain

text: he

text: was

text: mourned

text: by

text: many

text: pupils

text: The

text: work

text: ascribed

text: to

text: him

text: Megillat

text: Ester

text: an

text: answer

text: to

text: Nahmanides

text: criticism

text: of

text: Maimonides

text: Sefer

text: ha

text: Miwot

text: has

text: been

text: proved

text: by

text: Azulai

text: to

text: belong

text: to

text: Isaac

text: Leon

text: ibn

text: Zur

text: later

text: writer

text: Rabbi Moses ben Maimon ("Mšeh bn-Maymn"; "Ms bin Maymn"), commonly known as Maimonides ("Maïmníds"), and also referred to by the acronym Rambam (for "Rabbeinu Mšeh bn Maimon", "Our Rabbi Moses son of Maimon"), was a medieval Sephardic Jewish philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages. In his time, he was also a preeminent astronomer and physician. Born in Cordova, Almoravid Empire (present-day Spain) on Passover Eve, 1135 or 1138, he worked as a rabbi, physician, and philosopher in Morocco and Egypt. He died in Egypt on December 12, 1204, whence his body was taken to the lower Galilee and buried in Tiberias.

text: Rabbi

text: Moses

text: ben

text: Maimon

text: Mšeh

text: bn

text: Maymn

text: Ms

text: bin

text: Maymn

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Maimonides

text: Maïmníds

text: and

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: acronym

text: Rambam

text: for

text: Rabbeinu

text: Mšeh

text: bn

text: Maimon

text: Our

text: Rabbi

text: Moses

text: son

text: of

text: Maimon

text: was

text: medieval

text: Sephardic

text: Jewish

text: philosopher

text: who

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: prolific

text: and

text: influential

text: Torah

text: scholars

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: In

text: his

text: time

text: he

text: was

text: also

text: preeminent

text: astronomer

text: and

text: physician

text: Born

text: in

text: Cordova

text: Almoravid

text: Empire

text: present

text: day

text: Spain

text: on

text: Passover

text: Eve

text: or

text: he

text: worked

text: as

text: rabbi

text: physician

text: and

text: philosopher

text: in

text: Morocco

text: and

text: Egypt

text: He

text: died

text: in

text: Egypt

text: on

text: December

text: whence

text: his

text: body

text: was

text: taken

text: to

text: the

text: lower

text: Galilee

text: and

text: buried

text: in

text: Tiberias

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Rabbi Moses ben Nahman ("Mšeh bn-Nmn", "Moses son of Nahman"; 11941270), commonly known as Nachmanides ("Nakhmaníds"), and also referred to by the acronym Ramban and by the contemporary nickname Bonastruc ça Porta (literally "Mazel Tov near the Gate"), was a leading medieval Jewish scholar, Sephardic rabbi, philosopher, physician, kabbalist, and biblical commentator. He was raised, studied, and lived for most of his life in Girona, Catalonia. He is also considered to be an important figure in the re-establishment of the Jewish community in Jerusalem following its decimation at the hands of the Crusaders in 1099.

text: Rabbi

text: Moses

text: ben

text: Nahman

text: Mšeh

text: bn

text: Nmn

text: Moses

text: son

text: of

text: Nahman

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Nachmanides

text: Nakhmaníds

text: and

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: acronym

text: Ramban

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: contemporary

text: nickname

text: Bonastruc

text: ça

text: Porta

text: literally

text: Mazel

text: Tov

text: near

text: the

text: Gate

text: was

text: leading

text: medieval

text: Jewish

text: scholar

text: Sephardic

text: rabbi

text: philosopher

text: physician

text: kabbalist

text: and

text: biblical

text: commentator

text: He

text: was

text: raised

text: studied

text: and

text: lived

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: in

text: Girona

text: Catalonia

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: important

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: re

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: community

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: following

text: its

text: decimation

text: at

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: Crusaders

text: in

text: A republic (from ) is a sovereign state, country, or government which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law. In modern times, the definition of a republic commonly refers to a government which excludes a monarch. Currently, 147 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the word "republic" as part of their official names; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor do all nations with elected governments use the word "republic" in their names.

text: republic

text: from

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: country

text: or

text: government

text: which

text: is

text: organized

text: with

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: in

text: which

text: power

text: resides

text: in

text: elected

text: individuals

text: representing

text: the

text: citizen

text: body

text: and

text: government

text: leaders

text: exercise

text: power

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: republic

text: commonly

text: refers

text: to

text: government

text: which

text: excludes

text: monarch

text: Currently

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sovereign

text: states

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: republic

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: official

text: names

text: not

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: are

text: republics

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: having

text: elected

text: governments

text: nor

text: do

text: all

text: nations

text: with

text: elected

text: governments

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: republic

text: in

text: their

text: names

text: Portugal (Portuguese: ), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: ), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe. To the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain. The PortugalSpain border is long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.

text: Portugal

text: Portuguese

text: officially

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Republic

text: Portuguese

text: is

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: Southwestern

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: country

text: of

text: mainland

text: Europe

text: To

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: north

text: by

text: Spain

text: The

text: PortugalSpain

text: border

text: is

text: long

text: and

text: considered

text: the

text: longest

text: uninterrupted

text: border

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: republic

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: archipelagos

text: of

text: the

text: Azores

text: and

text: Madeira

text: both

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: regional

text: governments

text: The Iberian Peninsula , also known as Iberia , is located in the southwest corner of Europe. The peninsula is principally divided between Portugal and Spain, comprising most of their territory. It also includes Andorra and a small part of France along the peninsula's northeastern edge, as well as Gibraltar on its south coast, a small peninsula which forms an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. With an area of approximately , it is the second largest European peninsula, after the Scandinavian.

text: The

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Iberia

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Europe

text: The

text: peninsula

text: is

text: principally

text: divided

text: between

text: Portugal

text: and

text: Spain

text: comprising

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: territory

text: It

text: also

text: includes

text: Andorra

text: and

text: small

text: part

text: of

text: France

text: along

text: the

text: peninsula

text: 's

text: northeastern

text: edge

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Gibraltar

text: on

text: its

text: south

text: coast

text: small

text: peninsula

text: which

text: forms

text: an

text: overseas

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: European

text: peninsula

text: after

text: the

text: Scandinavian

annotations: likely single

question: occupation abraham saba

answer: rabbi

text: rabbi

text: rabbi

text: rabbi

text: rabbi

text: rabbi


text: Cheltenham Park Racecourse was a horse racing track located in the suburb of Cheltenham in Adelaide, South Australia. It is situated north-west of the centre of the city and approximately five kilometres from Port Adelaide. The track is 2052 metres in circumference with a 325-metre straight.

text: Cheltenham

text: Park

text: Racecourse

text: was

text: horse

text: racing

text: track

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: suburb

text: of

text: Cheltenham

text: in

text: Adelaide

text: South

text: Australia

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: approximately

text: five

text: kilometres

text: from

text: Port

text: Adelaide

text: The

text: track

text: is

text: metres

text: in

text: circumference

text: with

text: straight

text: Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, involving two or more jockeys riding horses over a set distance for competition. It is one of the most ancient of all sports and its basic premise  to identify which of two or more horses is the fastest over a set course or distance  has remained unchanged since the earliest times.

text: Horse

text: racing

text: is

text: an

text: equestrian

text: performance

text: sport

text: involving

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: jockeys

text: riding

text: horses

text: over

text: set

text: distance

text: for

text: competition

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: ancient

text: of

text: all

text: sports

text: and

text: its

text: basic

text: premise

text: to

text: identify

text: which

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: horses

text: is

text: the

text: fastest

text: over

text: set

text: course

text: or

text: distance

text: has

text: remained

text: unchanged

text: since

text: the

text: earliest

text: times

text: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.

text: Australia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: continent

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: are

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: East

text: Timor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Australia

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Canberra

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: Sydney

text: Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. In June 2014, Adelaide had an estimated resident population of 1.31 million. South Australia, with a total of 1.7 million inhabitants, has the most centralised population of any state in Australia, with more than 75 percent of its people living in greater Adelaide, while the other population centres in the state are relatively small.

text: Adelaide

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: South

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Australia

text: In

text: June

text: Adelaide

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: resident

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: South

text: Australia

text: with

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: has

text: the

text: most

text: centralised

text: population

text: of

text: any

text: state

text: in

text: Australia

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: greater

text: Adelaide

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: are

text: relatively

text: small

text: Port Adelaide is a suburb of Adelaide, the state capital of South Australia, approximately northwest of the Adelaide CBD. It lies within the City of Port Adelaide Enfield and is the main port for the city of Adelaide. Port Adelaide played an important role in the formative decades of Adelaide and South Australia, with the port being early Adelaide's main supply and information link to the rest of the world.

text: Port

text: Adelaide

text: is

text: suburb

text: of

text: Adelaide

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: of

text: South

text: Australia

text: approximately

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: Adelaide

text: CBD

text: It

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Port

text: Adelaide

text: Enfield

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: port

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Adelaide

text: Port

text: Adelaide

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: formative

text: decades

text: of

text: Adelaide

text: and

text: South

text: Australia

text: with

text: the

text: port

text: being

text: early

text: Adelaide

text: 's

text: main

text: supply

text: and

text: information

text: link

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: South Australia (abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories. It has a total of 1.7 million people, and its population is the most highly centralised of any state in Australia, with more than 75 percent of South Australians living in the capital, Adelaide, or its environs. Other population centres in the state are relatively small.

text: South

text: Australia

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: SA

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: Australia

text: It

text: covers

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: arid

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: With

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: of

text: Australia

text: 's

text: states

text: and

text: territories

text: It

text: has

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: highly

text: centralised

text: of

text: any

text: state

text: in

text: Australia

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: percent

text: of

text: South

text: Australians

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: Adelaide

text: or

text: its

text: environs

text: Other

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: are

text: relatively

text: small

text: Cheltenham Racecourse railway station was located on the Outer Harbor line , serving Cheltenham Park Racecourse in Adelaide .

text: Cheltenham

text: Racecourse

text: railway

text: station

text: was

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Outer

text: Harbor

text: line

text: serving

text: Cheltenham

text: Park

text: Racecourse

text: in

text: Adelaide

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity cheltenham racecourse railway station

answer: south australia

text: south australia

text: south australia

text: south australia

text: south australia

text: south australia

text: south australia


text: Toby Keith Covel (born July 8, 1961) is an American singer, songwriter, actor and record producer. Keith released his first four studio albums1993's "Toby Keith", 1994's "Boomtown", 1996's "Blue Moon" and 1997's "Dream Walkin'", plus a Greatest Hits package for various divisions of Mercury Records before leaving Mercury in 1998. These albums all earned Gold or higher certification, and produced several chart singles, including his debut "Should've Been a Cowboy", which topped the country charts and was the most-played country song of the 1990s. The song has received three million spins since its release, according to Broadcast Music Incorporated.

text: Toby

text: Keith

text: Covel

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: actor

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: Keith

text: released

text: his

text: first

text: four

text: studio

text: 's

text: Toby

text: Keith

text: 's

text: Boomtown

text: 's

text: Blue

text: Moon

text: and

text: 's

text: Dream

text: Walkin

text: plus

text: Greatest

text: Hits

text: package

text: for

text: various

text: divisions

text: of

text: Mercury

text: Records

text: before

text: leaving

text: Mercury

text: in

text: These

text: albums

text: all

text: earned

text: Gold

text: or

text: higher

text: certification

text: and

text: produced

text: several

text: chart

text: singles

text: including

text: his

text: debut

text: Should

text: 've

text: Been

text: Cowboy

text: which

text: topped

text: the

text: country

text: charts

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: played

text: country

text: song

text: of

text: the

text: The

text: song

text: has

text: received

text: three

text: million

text: spins

text: since

text: its

text: release

text: according

text: to

text: Broadcast

text: Music

text: Incorporated

text: "Should've Been a Cowboy" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith. It was released on February 8, 1993 as his debut single, and was served as the first single released from Keith's self-titled debut studio album, "Toby Keith". On June 5, 1993, it reached number one on the US Hot Country Songs chart and the Canadian "RPM" Country Tracks. It also peaked at number 93 on the "Billboard" Hot 100, making it a minor crossover hit.

text: Should

text: 've

text: Been

text: Cowboy

text: is

text: song

text: written

text: and

text: recorded

text: by

text: American

text: country

text: music

text: artist

text: Toby

text: Keith

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: February

text: as

text: his

text: debut

text: single

text: and

text: was

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: single

text: released

text: from

text: Keith

text: 's

text: self

text: titled

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: Toby

text: Keith

text: On

text: June

text: it

text: reached

text: number

text: one

text: on

text: the

text: US

text: Hot

text: Country

text: Songs

text: chart

text: and

text: the

text: Canadian

text: RPM

text: Country

text: Tracks

text: It

text: also

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: making

text: it

text: minor

text: crossover

text: hit

text: Mercury Records is an American-based record label owned by Universal Music Group. In the United States, it operates through Island Records; in the UK, it is distributed by Virgin EMI Records.

text: Mercury

text: Records

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: based

text: record

text: label

text: owned

text: by

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: operates

text: through

text: Island

text: Records

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: it

text: is

text: distributed

text: by

text: Virgin

text: EMI

text: Records

text: `` Stays in Mexico '' is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Toby Keith . It was released in August 2004 as the lead off single from his compilation album Greatest Hits 2 . The song peaked at number 3 in the U.S. on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart .

text: Stays

text: in

text: Mexico

text: is

text: song

text: written

text: and

text: recorded

text: by

text: American

text: country

text: music

text: artist

text: Toby

text: Keith

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: August

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: off

text: single

text: from

text: his

text: compilation

text: album

text: Greatest

text: Hits

text: The

text: song

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: Country

text: Songs

text: chart

text: Dream Walkin' is the fourth studio album from American country music artist Toby Keith. His last studio album for Mercury Records before signing with Dreamworks Records, it was certified gold by the RIAA for sales of 500,000 copies. The tracks "We Were in Love", "I'm So Happy I Can't Stop Crying", "Dream Walkin'", and "Double Wide Paradise" were all released as singles. Respectively, these reached #2, #2, #5, and #40 on the Hot Country Songs charts, making this the first studio album of Keith's career not to produce any Number One hits.

text: Dream

text: Walkin

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: studio

text: album

text: from

text: American

text: country

text: music

text: artist

text: Toby

text: Keith

text: His

text: last

text: studio

text: album

text: for

text: Mercury

text: Records

text: before

text: signing

text: with

text: Dreamworks

text: Records

text: it

text: was

text: certified

text: gold

text: by

text: the

text: RIAA

text: for

text: sales

text: of

text: copies

text: The

text: tracks

text: We

text: Were

text: in

text: Love

text: 'm

text: So

text: Happy

text: Ca

text: n't

text: Stop

text: Crying

text: Dream

text: Walkin

text: and

text: Double

text: Wide

text: Paradise

text: were

text: all

text: released

text: as

text: singles

text: Respectively

text: these

text: reached

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: Hot

text: Country

text: Songs

text: charts

text: making

text: this

text: the

text: first

text: studio

text: album

text: of

text: Keith

text: 's

text: career

text: not

text: to

text: produce

text: any

text: Number

text: One

text: hits

annotations: follows multiple

question: record_label stays in mexico

answer: dreamworks records

text: dreamworks records


text: Tin is one of the oldest Chinese terms for heaven and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and religion. During the Shang Dynasty (1711th centuries BCE), the Chinese referred to their supreme god as "Shàngdì" ("Lord on High") or "Dì" ("Lord"). During the following Zhou Dynasty, "Tin" became synonymous with this figure. Heaven worship was, before the 20th century, an orthodox state religion of China.

text: Tin

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: Chinese

text: terms

text: for

text: heaven

text: and

text: key

text: concept

text: in

text: Chinese

text: mythology

text: philosophy

text: and

text: religion

text: During

text: the

text: Shang

text: Dynasty

text: centuries

text: BCE

text: the

text: Chinese

text: referred

text: to

text: their

text: supreme

text: god

text: as

text: Shàngdì

text: Lord

text: on

text: High

text: or

text: Dì

text: Lord

text: During

text: the

text: following

text: Zhou

text: Dynasty

text: Tin

text: became

text: synonymous

text: with

text: this

text: figure

text: Heaven

text: worship

text: was

text: before

text: the

text: century

text: an

text: orthodox

text: state

text: religion

text: of

text: China

text: Kyrgyzstan (; "Kyrgyzstan"), officially the Kyrgyz Republic ("Krgz Respublikas"; "Kyrgyzskaya Respublika"), formerly known as Kirghizia, is a country in Central Asia. Landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west and southwest, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east. Its capital and largest city is Bishkek.

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: officially

text: the

text: Kyrgyz

text: Republic

text: Krgz

text: Respublikas

text: Kyrgyzskaya

text: Respublika

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Kirghizia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: Landlocked

text: and

text: mountainous

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Kazakhstan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Uzbekistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: Tajikistan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Bishkek

text: The Muksu River is a west-flowing river in north-central Gorno-Badakhshan province, Tajikistan. It is a tributary of the Vakhsh River which in turn is a tributary of the Amu Darya. The north side of its valley is the Trans-Alay Range and the south side is formed by the high mountains near the Fedchenko Glacier. It begins at Altyn Mazar at the juncture of the west-flowing Sauksai and the northwest-flowing Seldara rivers. It joins the Kyzyl-Suu (which drains the Alay valley) to form the Surkhob or Vakhsh River. At Altyn Mazar there is a pass leading north to Daroot-Korgan in the Alay Valley.

text: The

text: Muksu

text: River

text: is

text: west

text: flowing

text: river

text: in

text: north

text: central

text: Gorno

text: Badakhshan

text: province

text: Tajikistan

text: It

text: is

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Vakhsh

text: River

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: is

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Amu

text: Darya

text: The

text: north

text: side

text: of

text: its

text: valley

text: is

text: the

text: Trans

text: Alay

text: Range

text: and

text: the

text: south

text: side

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: high

text: mountains

text: near

text: the

text: Fedchenko

text: Glacier

text: It

text: begins

text: at

text: Altyn

text: Mazar

text: at

text: the

text: juncture

text: of

text: the

text: west

text: flowing

text: Sauksai

text: and

text: the

text: northwest

text: flowing

text: Seldara

text: rivers

text: It

text: joins

text: the

text: Kyzyl

text: Suu

text: which

text: drains

text: the

text: Alay

text: valley

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Surkhob

text: or

text: Vakhsh

text: River

text: At

text: Altyn

text: Mazar

text: there

text: is

text: pass

text: leading

text: north

text: to

text: Daroot

text: Korgan

text: in

text: the

text: Alay

text: Valley

text: Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , "Afnistn"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.

text: Afghanistan

text: Pashto

text: Dari

text: Afnistn

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: within

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Turkmenistan

text: Uzbekistan

text: and

text: Tajikistan

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: Its

text: territory

text: covers

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The Amu Darya ('; /; //;  '), also called the Amu River and historically known by its Latin name, , is a major river in Central Asia. It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, at Qal`eh-ye Panjeh in Afghanistan, and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants of the Aral Sea. In ancient times, the river was regarded as the boundary between Greater Iran and Turan.

text: The

text: Amu

text: Darya

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Amu

text: River

text: and

text: historically

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Latin

text: name

text: is

text: major

text: river

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: junction

text: of

text: the

text: Vakhsh

text: and

text: Panj

text: rivers

text: at

text: Qal`eh

text: ye

text: Panjeh

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: flows

text: from

text: there

text: north

text: westwards

text: into

text: the

text: southern

text: remnants

text: of

text: the

text: Aral

text: Sea

text: In

text: ancient

text: times

text: the

text: river

text: was

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: boundary

text: between

text: Greater

text: Iran

text: and

text: Turan

text: Tajikistan (, or ), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ("Çumhuriji Toçikiston"), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated 8 million people in 2013, and an area of . It is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. Pakistan lies to the south, separated by the narrow Wakhan Corridor. Traditional homelands of Tajik people included present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.

text: Tajikistan

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: Çumhuriji

text: Toçikiston

text: is

text: mountainous

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: in

text: and

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Uzbekistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Pakistan

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: separated

text: by

text: the

text: narrow

text: Wakhan

text: Corridor

text: Traditional

text: homelands

text: of

text: Tajik

text: people

text: included

text: present

text: day

text: Tajikistan

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Uzbekistan

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Tengri (Modern Turkish: ; Proto-Turkic *"teri / *tar"; Mongolian script: , "Tngri"; Modern Mongolian: , "Tenger"), is one of the names for the sky deity since the early Turkic, Xiongnu, Hunnic, Bulgar and Mongolic (Xianbei) peoples.

text: Tengri

text: Modern

text: Turkish

text: Proto

text: Turkic

text: teri

text: tar

text: Mongolian

text: script

text: Tngri

text: Modern

text: Mongolian

text: Tenger

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: names

text: for

text: the

text: sky

text: deity

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: Turkic

text: Xiongnu

text: Hunnic

text: Bulgar

text: and

text: Mongolic

text: Xianbei

text: peoples

text: Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.

text: Pakistan

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: on

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: population

text: exceeding

text: million

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: covering

text: Pakistan

text: has

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: respectively

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Tajikistan

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: 's

text: narrow

text: Wakhan

text: Corridor

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: also

text: shares

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Oman

text: Osh is the second largest city in Kyrgyzstan, located in the Fergana Valley in the south of the country and often referred to as the "capital of the south". It is the oldest city in the country (estimated to be more than 3000 years old), and has served as the administrative center of Osh Region since 1939. The city has an ethnically mixed population of about 255,800 in 2012, comprising Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Russians, Tajiks, and other smaller ethnic groups.

text: Osh

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Fergana

text: Valley

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: old

text: and

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: Osh

text: Region

text: since

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: an

text: ethnically

text: mixed

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: in

text: comprising

text: Kyrgyz

text: Uzbeks

text: Russians

text: Tajiks

text: and

text: other

text: smaller

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: The Alay Valley is a broad, dry valley running east-west across most of southern Osh Province, Kyrgyzstan. (From the Russian spelling, pronunciation should probably be 'alai' rather than 'alay'). It is about 180 km east-west and about 40 km north-south and 2500-3500m in altitude. The north side is the Alay Mountains which slope down to the Ferghana Valley. The south side is the Trans-Alay Range along the Tajikistan border, with Lenin Peak, (7134m). The western 40 km or so is more hills than valley. On the east there is the low Tongmurun pass and then more valley leading to the Irkestam border crossing to China.

text: The

text: Alay

text: Valley

text: is

text: broad

text: dry

text: valley

text: running

text: east

text: west

text: across

text: most

text: of

text: southern

text: Osh

text: Province

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: From

text: the

text: Russian

text: spelling

text: pronunciation

text: should

text: probably

text: be

text: alai

text: rather

text: than

text: alay

text: It

text: is

text: about

text: km

text: east

text: west

text: and

text: about

text: km

text: north

text: south

text: and

text: in

text: altitude

text: The

text: north

text: side

text: is

text: the

text: Alay

text: Mountains

text: which

text: slope

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: Ferghana

text: Valley

text: The

text: south

text: side

text: is

text: the

text: Trans

text: Alay

text: Range

text: along

text: the

text: Tajikistan

text: border

text: with

text: Lenin

text: Peak

text: The

text: western

text: km

text: or

text: so

text: is

text: more

text: hills

text: than

text: valley

text: On

text: the

text: east

text: there

text: is

text: the

text: low

text: Tongmurun

text: pass

text: and

text: then

text: more

text: valley

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: Irkestam

text: border

text: crossing

text: to

text: China

text: Bishkek (and ] respectively), formerly Pishpek and Frunze, is the capital and largest city of the Kyrgyz Republic. Bishkek is also the administrative center of the Chuy Region. The province surrounds the city, although the city itself is not part of the province, but rather a province-level unit of Kyrgyzstan.

text: Bishkek

text: and

text: respectively

text: formerly

text: Pishpek

text: and

text: Frunze

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Kyrgyz

text: Republic

text: Bishkek

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Chuy

text: Region

text: The

text: province

text: surrounds

text: the

text: city

text: although

text: the

text: city

text: itself

text: is

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: but

text: rather

text: province

text: level

text: unit

text: of

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: The Wakhan Corridor (alternatively Vakhan Corridor, or Wakhan) is the narrow strip of territory in northeastern Afghanistan that extends to China and separates Tajikistan from Pakistan. The corridor, wedged between the Pamirs to the north and the Karakoram range to the south, is about long and wide.

text: The

text: Wakhan

text: Corridor

text: alternatively

text: Vakhan

text: Corridor

text: or

text: Wakhan

text: is

text: the

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: territory

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Afghanistan

text: that

text: extends

text: to

text: China

text: and

text: separates

text: Tajikistan

text: from

text: Pakistan

text: The

text: corridor

text: wedged

text: between

text: the

text: Pamirs

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Karakoram

text: range

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: is

text: about

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia. It is a unitary, constitutional, presidential republic, comprising twelve provinces, one autonomous republic and a capital city. Uzbekistan is bordered by five landlocked countries: Kazakhstan to the north; Tajikistan to the southeast; Kyrgyzstan to the northeast; Afghanistan to the south; and Turkmenistan to the southwest.

text: Uzbekistan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Uzbekistan

text: is

text: doubly

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: constitutional

text: presidential

text: republic

text: comprising

text: twelve

text: provinces

text: one

text: autonomous

text: republic

text: and

text: capital

text: city

text: Uzbekistan

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: five

text: landlocked

text: countries

text: Kazakhstan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Tajikistan

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Lenin Peak ("Lenin Çoqusu",   "Pik Lenina" renamed     (qullai Abûalî ibni Sino) in July 2006), or Ibn Sina (Avicenna) Peak, rises to 7,134 metres (23,406 ft) in Gorno-Badakhshan (GBAO) on the border of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and is the second-highest point of both countries. It is considered one of the easiest 7000 m peaks in the world to climb and it has by far the most ascents of any 7000 m or higher peak on Earth, with every year seeing hundreds of climbers make their way to the summit. Lenin Peak is the highest mountain in the Trans-Alay Range of Central Asia, and in the Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan it is exceeded only by Ismoil Somoni Peak (7,495 m). It was thought to be the highest point in the Pamirs in Tajikistan until 1933, when Ismoil Somoni Peak (known as "Stalin Peak" at the time) was climbed and found to be more than 300 metres higher. Two mountains in the Pamirs in China, Kongur Tagh (7,649 m) and Muztagh Ata (7,546 m), are higher than the Tajik summits.

text: Lenin

text: Peak

text: Lenin

text: Çoqusu

text: Pik

text: Lenina

text: renamed

text: qullai

text: Abûalî

text: ibni

text: Sino

text: in

text: July

text: or

text: Ibn

text: Sina

text: Avicenna

text: Peak

text: rises

text: to

text: metres

text: ft

text: in

text: Gorno

text: Badakhshan

text: GBAO

text: on

text: the

text: border

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: and

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: point

text: of

text: both

text: countries

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: easiest

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: climb

text: and

text: it

text: has

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: ascents

text: of

text: any

text: or

text: higher

text: peak

text: on

text: Earth

text: with

text: every

text: year

text: seeing

text: hundreds

text: of

text: climbers

text: make

text: their

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: summit

text: Lenin

text: Peak

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: Trans

text: Alay

text: Range

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Pamir

text: Mountains

text: in

text: Tajikistan

text: it

text: is

text: exceeded

text: only

text: by

text: Ismoil

text: Somoni

text: Peak

text: It

text: was

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: Pamirs

text: in

text: Tajikistan

text: until

text: when

text: Ismoil

text: Somoni

text: Peak

text: known

text: as

text: Stalin

text: Peak

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: was

text: climbed

text: and

text: found

text: to

text: be

text: more

text: than

text: metres

text: higher

text: Two

text: mountains

text: in

text: the

text: Pamirs

text: in

text: China

text: Kongur

text: Tagh

text: and

text: Muztagh

text: Ata

text: are

text: higher

text: than

text: the

text: Tajik

text: summits

text: Ismoil Somoni Peak (Tajik:   , "Qullai Ismoili Somonî/Qullaji Ismojili Somon" Russian:    "pik Ismaila Samani") is the highest mountain in Tajikistan and in the former Russian Empire and later in the Soviet Union, named after Ismail Samani, the greatest ruler of the Samanid dynasty.

text: Ismoil

text: Somoni

text: Peak

text: Tajik

text: Qullai

text: Ismoili

text: Somonî

text: Qullaji

text: Ismojili

text: Somon

text: Russian

text: pik

text: Ismaila

text: Samani

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: Tajikistan

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: named

text: after

text: Ismail

text: Samani

text: the

text: greatest

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Samanid

text: dynasty

text: The Fedchenko Glacier (Russian ) is a large glacier in the Yazgulem Range, Pamir Mountains, of north-central Gorno-Badakhshan province, Tajikistan. The glacier is long and narrow, currently extending for and covering over . It is the longest glacier in the world outside of the polar regions. The maximum thickness of the glacier is , and the volume of the Fedchenko and its dozens of tributaries is estimated at about a third the volume of Lake Erie.

text: The

text: Fedchenko

text: Glacier

text: Russian

text: is

text: large

text: glacier

text: in

text: the

text: Yazgulem

text: Range

text: Pamir

text: Mountains

text: of

text: north

text: central

text: Gorno

text: Badakhshan

text: province

text: Tajikistan

text: The

text: glacier

text: is

text: long

text: and

text: narrow

text: currently

text: extending

text: for

text: and

text: covering

text: over

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: glacier

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: polar

text: regions

text: The

text: maximum

text: thickness

text: of

text: the

text: glacier

text: is

text: and

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: the

text: Fedchenko

text: and

text: its

text: dozens

text: of

text: tributaries

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

text: about

text: third

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: Lake

text: Erie

text: The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs , , ; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people who mainly inhabit the southern part of Eastern Europe Ural mountains and northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia and Mongolia), the region also known as Eurasian sub-continent. Kazakh identity is of medieval origin and was strongly shaped by the foundation of the Kazakh Khanate between 1456 and 1465, when several tribes under the rule of the sultans Zhanibek and Kerey departed from the Khanate of Abu'l-Khayr Khan.

text: The

text: Kazakhs

text: also

text: spelled

text: Kazaks

text: Qazaqs

text: the

text: English

text: name

text: is

text: transliterated

text: from

text: Russian

text: are

text: Turkic

text: people

text: who

text: mainly

text: inhabit

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Ural

text: mountains

text: and

text: northern

text: parts

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: largely

text: Kazakhstan

text: but

text: also

text: found

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Uzbekistan

text: China

text: Russia

text: and

text: Mongolia

text: the

text: region

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Eurasian

text: sub

text: continent

text: Kazakh

text: identity

text: is

text: of

text: medieval

text: origin

text: and

text: was

text: strongly

text: shaped

text: by

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: the

text: Kazakh

text: Khanate

text: between

text: and

text: when

text: several

text: tribes

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: sultans

text: Zhanibek

text: and

text: Kerey

text: departed

text: from

text: the

text: Khanate

text: of

text: Abu'l

text: Khayr

text: Khan

text: Muztagh Ata, or Muztagata (Uyghur:   ,  , literally "ice-mountain-father"), is the second highest (7509 metres) of the mountains which form the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau (not the second highest of the mountains of the Tibetan Plateau). It is sometimes regarded as being part of the Kunlun Shan, although physically it is more closely connected to the Pamirs. It is also one of the relatively easier 7,000 m peaks in the world to climb, due to its gentle western slope and the comparatively drier weather of Xinjiang, though a thorough acclimatization period and a very strong physical condition are crucial for success.

text: Muztagh

text: Ata

text: or

text: Muztagata

text: Uyghur

text: literally

text: ice

text: mountain

text: father

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: metres

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: which

text: form

text: the

text: northern

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: not

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: It

text: is

text: sometimes

text: regarded

text: as

text: being

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kunlun

text: Shan

text: although

text: physically

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: closely

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Pamirs

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: relatively

text: easier

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: climb

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: gentle

text: western

text: slope

text: and

text: the

text: comparatively

text: drier

text: weather

text: of

text: Xinjiang

text: though

text: thorough

text: acclimatization

text: period

text: and

text: very

text: strong

text: physical

text: condition

text: are

text: crucial

text: for

text: success

text: The Alay or Alai Mountains constitute a mountain range that extends from the Tien Shan mountain range in Kyrgyzstan west into Tajikistan. It is part of the Pamir-Alai mountain system. The range runs approximately east to west. Its highest summit is Pik Tandykul, 5544 m. The southern slopes of the range drain into the Vakhsh River, a tributary of the Amu Darya. The streams that drain the northern slopes of the range are tributaries of the Syr Darya, and empty into the Fergana Valley to the north of the range.

text: The

text: Alay

text: or

text: Alai

text: Mountains

text: constitute

text: mountain

text: range

text: that

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Tien

text: Shan

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: west

text: into

text: Tajikistan

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pamir

text: Alai

text: mountain

text: system

text: The

text: range

text: runs

text: approximately

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: Its

text: highest

text: summit

text: is

text: Pik

text: Tandykul

text: The

text: southern

text: slopes

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: drain

text: into

text: the

text: Vakhsh

text: River

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Amu

text: Darya

text: The

text: streams

text: that

text: drain

text: the

text: northern

text: slopes

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: are

text: tributaries

text: of

text: the

text: Syr

text: Darya

text: and

text: empty

text: into

text: the

text: Fergana

text: Valley

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as "the 'stans" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent.

text: Central

text: Asia

text: or

text: Middle

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: core

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: and

text: stretches

text: from

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: colloquially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: stans

text: as

text: the

text: six

text: countries

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: all

text: have

text: names

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: Persian

text: suffix

text: -stan

text: meaning

text: land

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: within

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Eurasian

text: continent

text: Jengish Chokusu ("Ceñi çoqusu",    "Pik Pobedy" ) is the highest mountain in the Tian Shan mountain system at . It lies on the KyrgyzstanChina border, in the Kakshaal Too, the highest part of the Tien Shan, southeast of lake Issyk Kul.

text: Jengish

text: Chokusu

text: Ceñi

text: çoqusu

text: Pik

text: Pobedy

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: Tian

text: Shan

text: mountain

text: system

text: at

text: It

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: KyrgyzstanChina

text: border

text: in

text: the

text: Kakshaal

text: Too

text: the

text: highest

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Tien

text: Shan

text: southeast

text: of

text: lake

text: Issyk

text: Kul

text: Xiao'erjing or Xiao'erjin or Xiaor jin or in its shortened form, Xiaojing, literally meaning "children's script" or "minor script" (cf. "original script" referring to the original Perso-Arabic script, , Xiao'erjing: ; /Benjin), is the practice of writing Sinitic languages such as Mandarin (especially the Lanyin, Zhongyuan and Northeastern dialects) or the Dungan language in the Perso-Arabic Script. It is used on occasion by many ethnic minorities who adhere to the Islamic faith in China (mostly the Hui, but also the Dongxiang, and the Salar), and formerly by their Dungan descendants in Central Asia. Soviet writing reforms forced the Dungan to replace Xiao'erjing with a Roman alphabet and later a Cyrillic alphabet, which they continue to use up until today.

text: Xiao'erjing

text: or

text: Xiao'erjin

text: or

text: Xiaor

text: jin

text: or

text: in

text: its

text: shortened

text: form

text: Xiaojing

text: literally

text: meaning

text: children

text: 's

text: script

text: or

text: minor

text: script

text: cf

text: original

text: script

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: Perso

text: Arabic

text: script

text: Xiao'erjing

text: /Benjin

text: is

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: writing

text: Sinitic

text: languages

text: such

text: as

text: Mandarin

text: especially

text: the

text: Lanyin

text: Zhongyuan

text: and

text: Northeastern

text: dialects

text: or

text: the

text: Dungan

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: Perso

text: Arabic

text: Script

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: on

text: occasion

text: by

text: many

text: ethnic

text: minorities

text: who

text: adhere

text: to

text: the

text: Islamic

text: faith

text: in

text: China

text: mostly

text: the

text: Hui

text: but

text: also

text: the

text: Dongxiang

text: and

text: the

text: Salar

text: and

text: formerly

text: by

text: their

text: Dungan

text: descendants

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: Soviet

text: writing

text: reforms

text: forced

text: the

text: Dungan

text: to

text: replace

text: Xiao'erjing

text: with

text: Roman

text: alphabet

text: and

text: later

text: Cyrillic

text: alphabet

text: which

text: they

text: continue

text: to

text: use

text: up

text: until

text: today

text: A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth. Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in huge mountain ranges.

text: mountain

text: is

text: large

text: landform

text: that

text: stretches

text: above

text: the

text: surrounding

text: land

text: in

text: limited

text: area

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: peak

text: mountain

text: is

text: generally

text: steeper

text: than

text: hill

text: Mountains

text: are

text: formed

text: through

text: tectonic

text: forces

text: or

text: volcanism

text: These

text: forces

text: can

text: locally

text: raise

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: earth

text: Mountains

text: erode

text: slowly

text: through

text: the

text: action

text: of

text: rivers

text: weather

text: conditions

text: and

text: glaciers

text: few

text: mountains

text: are

text: isolated

text: summits

text: but

text: most

text: occur

text: in

text: huge

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: The Pamir Mountains, or the Pamirs, are a mountain range in Central Asia at the junction of the Himalayas with the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, Hindu Kush and Hindu Raj ranges. They are among the worlds highest mountains.

text: The

text: Pamir

text: Mountains

text: or

text: the

text: Pamirs

text: are

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: at

text: the

text: junction

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: with

text: the

text: Tian

text: Shan

text: Karakoram

text: Kunlun

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: and

text: Hindu

text: Raj

text: ranges

text: They

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: worlds

text: highest

text: mountains

text: Kongur Tagh or Kongkoerh (Uyghur: , " " "Hongor Tag") (also referred to as Kongur) is at 7,649 m the highest mountain wholly within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China.

text: Kongur

text: Tagh

text: or

text: Kongkoerh

text: Uyghur

text: Hongor

text: Tag

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Kongur

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: wholly

text: within

text: the

text: Xinjiang

text: Uyghur

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: in

text: China

text: The Vakhsh (River), also known as the Surkhob (), in north-central Tajikistan, and the Kyzyl-Suu, in Kyrgyzstan, is a Central Asian river, and one of the main rivers of the nation of Tajikistan. It is a tributary of the Amu Darya river.

text: The

text: Vakhsh

text: River

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Surkhob

text: in

text: north

text: central

text: Tajikistan

text: and

text: the

text: Kyzyl

text: Suu

text: in

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: is

text: Central

text: Asian

text: river

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: rivers

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: of

text: Tajikistan

text: It

text: is

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Amu

text: Darya

text: river

text: The Tian Shan (Xiao'erjing:  "Tjansan"; Old Turkic:  , "Tenri ta"; Turkish: "Tanr Da" "Tenger úl"  , "Tengri tagh" "Teñir-Too/Ala-Too", -/- "Täñirtaw/Alataw",  "-", -), meaning the Mountain of Heaven or the Heavenly Mountain, is a large system of mountain ranges located in Central Asia. The highest peak in the Tian Shan is Jengish Chokusu, .

text: The

text: Tian

text: Shan

text: Xiao'erjing

text: Tjansan

text: Old

text: Turkic

text: Tenri

text: ta

text: Turkish

text: Tanr

text: Da

text: Tenger

text: úl

text: Tengri

text: tagh

text: Teñir

text: Too

text: Ala

text: Too

text: Täñirtaw

text: Alataw

text: meaning

text: the

text: Mountain

text: of

text: Heaven

text: or

text: the

text: Heavenly

text: Mountain

text: is

text: large

text: system

text: of

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: located

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: The

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: Tian

text: Shan

text: is

text: Jengish

text: Chokusu

text: Kazakhstan ( "Qazaqstan",  "Kazakhstan"), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ("Qazaqstan Respwblïkas" "Respublika Kazakhstan"), is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.

text: Kazakhstan

text: Qazaqstan

text: Kazakhstan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: Qazaqstan

text: Respwblïkas

text: Respublika

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: northern

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: landlocked

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: the

text: dominant

text: nation

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: economically

text: generating

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: GDP

text: primarily

text: through

text: its

text: oil

text: gas

text: industry

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: vast

text: mineral

text: resources

text: The Trans - Alay Range ( also Trans Alai ) is the northern most range of the Pamir Mountains , where the Pamirs and the Tian Shan come together . They form the border between Osh Province , Kyrgyzstan and Gorno - Badakshan province , Tajikistan . To the north is the Alay Valley and to the south , the Muksu River . The highest peak in the range is Lenin Peak .

text: The

text: Trans

text: Alay

text: Range

text: also

text: Trans

text: Alai

text: is

text: the

text: northern

text: most

text: range

text: of

text: the

text: Pamir

text: Mountains

text: where

text: the

text: Pamirs

text: and

text: the

text: Tian

text: Shan

text: come

text: together

text: They

text: form

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: Osh

text: Province

text: Kyrgyzstan

text: and

text: Gorno

text: Badakshan

text: province

text: Tajikistan

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: is

text: the

text: Alay

text: Valley

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Muksu

text: River

text: The

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: range

text: is

text: Lenin

text: Peak

question: instance_of trans-alay range

answer: mountain range

text: mountain range

text: mountain range

text: mountain range