text: A composite material (also called a composition material or shortened to composite, which is the common name) is a material made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties that, when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. The new material may be preferred for many reasons: common examples include materials which are stronger, lighter, or less expensive when compared to traditional materials. More recently, researchers have also begun to actively include sensing, actuation, computation and communication into composites, which are known as Robotic Materials.

text: composite

text: material

text: also

text: called

text: composition

text: material

text: or

text: shortened

text: to

text: composite

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: name

text: is

text: material

text: made

text: from

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: constituent

text: materials

text: with

text: significantly

text: different

text: physical

text: or

text: chemical

text: properties

text: that

text: when

text: combined

text: produce

text: material

text: with

text: characteristics

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: individual

text: components

text: The

text: individual

text: components

text: remain

text: separate

text: and

text: distinct

text: within

text: the

text: finished

text: structure

text: The

text: new

text: material

text: may

text: be

text: preferred

text: for

text: many

text: reasons

text: common

text: examples

text: include

text: materials

text: which

text: are

text: stronger

text: lighter

text: or

text: less

text: expensive

text: when

text: compared

text: to

text: traditional

text: materials

text: More

text: recently

text: researchers

text: have

text: also

text: begun

text: to

text: actively

text: include

text: sensing

text: actuation

text: computation

text: and

text: communication

text: into

text: composites

text: which

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Robotic

text: Materials

text: A polymer (Greek "poly-", "many" + "-mer", "parts") is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits. Because of their broad range of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play an essential and ubiquitous role in everyday life. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins that are fundamental to biological structure and function. Polymers, both natural and synthetic, are created via polymerization of many small molecules, known as monomers. Their consequently large molecular mass relative to small molecule compounds produces unique physical properties, including toughness, viscoelasticity, and a tendency to form glasses and semicrystalline structures rather than crystals.

text: polymer

text: Greek

text: poly-

text: many

text: -mer

text: parts

text: is

text: large

text: molecule

text: or

text: macromolecule

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: repeated

text: subunits

text: Because

text: of

text: their

text: broad

text: range

text: of

text: properties

text: both

text: synthetic

text: and

text: natural

text: polymers

text: play

text: an

text: essential

text: and

text: ubiquitous

text: role

text: in

text: everyday

text: life

text: Polymers

text: range

text: from

text: familiar

text: synthetic

text: plastics

text: such

text: as

text: polystyrene

text: to

text: natural

text: biopolymers

text: such

text: as

text: DNA

text: and

text: proteins

text: that

text: are

text: fundamental

text: to

text: biological

text: structure

text: and

text: function

text: Polymers

text: both

text: natural

text: and

text: synthetic

text: are

text: created

text: via

text: polymerization

text: of

text: many

text: small

text: molecules

text: known

text: as

text: monomers

text: Their

text: consequently

text: large

text: molecular

text: mass

text: relative

text: to

text: small

text: molecule

text: compounds

text: produces

text: unique

text: physical

text: properties

text: including

text: toughness

text: viscoelasticity

text: and

text: tendency

text: to

text: form

text: glasses

text: and

text: semicrystalline

text: structures

text: rather

text: than

text: crystals

text: Stockholm (or ) is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 932,917 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by a Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County.

text: Stockholm

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: approximately

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: and

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: spread

text: across

text: islands

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: Sweden

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: Lake

text: Mälaren

text: by

text: the

text: Stockholm

text: archipelago

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: The

text: area

text: has

text: been

text: settled

text: since

text: the

text: Stone

text: Age

text: in

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: and

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: city

text: in

text: by

text: Swedish

text: statesman

text: Birger

text: Jarl

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Stockholm

text: County

text: A body of water or waterbody (often spelled water body) is any significant accumulation of water, generally on a planet's surface. The term most often refers to oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water.

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: or

text: waterbody

text: often

text: spelled

text: water

text: body

text: is

text: any

text: significant

text: accumulation

text: of

text: water

text: generally

text: on

text: planet

text: 's

text: surface

text: The

text: term

text: most

text: often

text: refers

text: to

text: oceans

text: seas

text: and

text: lakes

text: but

text: it

text: includes

text: smaller

text: pools

text: of

text: water

text: such

text: as

text: ponds

text: wetlands

text: or

text: more

text: rarely

text: puddles

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: still

text: or

text: contained

text: Rivers

text: streams

text: canals

text: and

text: other

text: geographical

text: features

text: where

text: water

text: moves

text: from

text: one

text: place

text: to

text: another

text: are

text: also

text: considered

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: In materials science, ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a similar property, is a material's ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often characterized by the material's ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling. Both of these mechanical properties are aspects of plasticity, the extent to which a solid material can be plastically deformed without fracture. Also, these material properties are dependent on temperature and pressure (investigated by Percy Williams Bridgman as part of his Nobel Prize-winning work on high pressures).

text: In

text: materials

text: science

text: ductility

text: is

text: solid

text: material

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: deform

text: under

text: tensile

text: stress

text: this

text: is

text: often

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: material

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: be

text: stretched

text: into

text: wire

text: Malleability

text: similar

text: property

text: is

text: material

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: deform

text: under

text: compressive

text: stress

text: this

text: is

text: often

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: material

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: form

text: thin

text: sheet

text: by

text: hammering

text: or

text: rolling

text: Both

text: of

text: these

text: mechanical

text: properties

text: are

text: aspects

text: of

text: plasticity

text: the

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: solid

text: material

text: can

text: be

text: plastically

text: deformed

text: without

text: fracture

text: Also

text: these

text: material

text: properties

text: are

text: dependent

text: on

text: temperature

text: and

text: pressure

text: investigated

text: by

text: Percy

text: Williams

text: Bridgman

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: winning

text: work

text: on

text: high

text: pressures

text: Klarabergsviadukten ( Swedish : `` The Viaduct of Hill of St Clare '' ) is a reinforced concrete bridge and a viaduct in central Stockholm , Sweden . Stretching over Klara Sjö , it connects Norrmalm to Kungsholmen . Where in English viaduct generally signify a bridge composed of several small spans , in Swedish it is also used for other bridges , generally railway or motorway bridges , of one span or more , spanning only land or , for example a street . The ( not particularly small ) spans of Klarabergsviadukten stretches over both a railway yard and Klara sjö ( `` Lake Klara '' ) , and was originally intended to form part of a traffic route , Klarabergsleden , connecting central Stockholm to the western suburbs , plans cancelled in 1974 . Though not obviously a viaduct even in the Swedish sense , it still retains its name . First brought up in a proposal in 1928 , a traffic route bridging the central railway yard in Stockholm and Klara sjö was planned to continue through the Seraphim Hospital area over Norr Mälarstrand along the southern shore of Kungsholmen to reach Drottningsholmsvägen , the road leaving Stockholm for the western suburbs . Over the years , the expected development of the traffic system in Stockholm made the planned route wider and wider , from the planned 18 metres in 1932 to 31 metres when the viaduct and bridge were finally built in 1961 . Klarabergsviadukten is composed of several sections . It stretches 106 metres with a maximum span of 32 metres over Vasagatan ; 136 metres over the railway yard with spans varying from 12 to 17 metres ; and the bridge over Klara sjö having a maximum span of 41 metres . Because the bridge never was used as part of a motorway , its dimensions are out of proportion , and it is therefore partly being used for parking .

text: Klarabergsviadukten

text: Swedish

text: The

text: Viaduct

text: of

text: Hill

text: of

text: St

text: Clare

text: is

text: reinforced

text: concrete

text: bridge

text: and

text: viaduct

text: in

text: central

text: Stockholm

text: Sweden

text: Stretching

text: over

text: Klara

text: Sjö

text: it

text: connects

text: Norrmalm

text: to

text: Kungsholmen

text: Where

text: in

text: English

text: viaduct

text: generally

text: signify

text: bridge

text: composed

text: of

text: several

text: small

text: spans

text: in

text: Swedish

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: other

text: bridges

text: generally

text: railway

text: or

text: motorway

text: bridges

text: of

text: one

text: span

text: or

text: more

text: spanning

text: only

text: land

text: or

text: for

text: example

text: street

text: The

text: not

text: particularly

text: small

text: spans

text: of

text: Klarabergsviadukten

text: stretches

text: over

text: both

text: railway

text: yard

text: and

text: Klara

text: sjö

text: Lake

text: Klara

text: and

text: was

text: originally

text: intended

text: to

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: traffic

text: route

text: Klarabergsleden

text: connecting

text: central

text: Stockholm

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: suburbs

text: plans

text: cancelled

text: in

text: Though

text: not

text: obviously

text: viaduct

text: even

text: in

text: the

text: Swedish

text: sense

text: it

text: still

text: retains

text: its

text: name

text: First

text: brought

text: up

text: in

text: proposal

text: in

text: traffic

text: route

text: bridging

text: the

text: central

text: railway

text: yard

text: in

text: Stockholm

text: and

text: Klara

text: sjö

text: was

text: planned

text: to

text: continue

text: through

text: the

text: Seraphim

text: Hospital

text: area

text: over

text: Norr

text: Mälarstrand

text: along

text: the

text: southern

text: shore

text: of

text: Kungsholmen

text: to

text: reach

text: Drottningsholmsvägen

text: the

text: road

text: leaving

text: Stockholm

text: for

text: the

text: western

text: suburbs

text: Over

text: the

text: years

text: the

text: expected

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: traffic

text: system

text: in

text: Stockholm

text: made

text: the

text: planned

text: route

text: wider

text: and

text: wider

text: from

text: the

text: planned

text: metres

text: in

text: to

text: metres

text: when

text: the

text: viaduct

text: and

text: bridge

text: were

text: finally

text: built

text: in

text: Klarabergsviadukten

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: several

text: sections

text: It

text: stretches

text: metres

text: with

text: maximum

text: span

text: of

text: metres

text: over

text: Vasagatan

text: metres

text: over

text: the

text: railway

text: yard

text: with

text: spans

text: varying

text: from

text: to

text: metres

text: and

text: the

text: bridge

text: over

text: Klara

text: sjö

text: having

text: maximum

text: span

text: of

text: metres

text: Because

text: the

text: bridge

text: never

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: motorway

text: its

text: dimensions

text: are

text: out

text: of

text: proportion

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: therefore

text: partly

text: being

text: used

text: for

text: parking

text: Klara Sjö (Swedish for "Lake Klara") is a canal in central Stockholm, Sweden.

text: Klara

text: Sjö

text: Swedish

text: for

text: Lake

text: Klara

text: is

text: canal

text: in

text: central

text: Stockholm

text: Sweden

text: The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 8700 BCE and 2000 BCE with the advent of metalworking.

text: The

text: Stone

text: Age

text: was

text: broad

text: prehistoric

text: period

text: during

text: which

text: stone

text: was

text: widely

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: implements

text: with

text: an

text: edge

text: point

text: or

text: percussion

text: surface

text: The

text: period

text: lasted

text: roughly

text: million

text: years

text: and

text: ended

text: between

text: BCE

text: and

text: BCE

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: metalworking

text: The Baltic Sea (  ; ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic countries, and the North European Plain. It includes the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bay of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga, and the Bay of Gdask. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic, with limited water exchange between the two bodies, the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund, the Great Belt, and the Little Belt.

text: The

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: is

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: enclosed

text: by

text: Scandinavia

text: Finland

text: the

text: Baltic

text: countries

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: European

text: Plain

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Riga

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Gdask

text: The

text: sea

text: stretches

text: from

text: to

text: latitude

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: longitude

text: mediterranean

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: with

text: limited

text: water

text: exchange

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: bodies

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: drains

text: through

text: the

text: Danish

text: islands

text: into

text: the

text: Kattegat

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: straits

text: of

text: Øresund

text: the

text: Great

text: Belt

text: and

text: the

text: Little

text: Belt

text: The Romans constructed numerous aqueducts in order to bring water from often distant sources into cities and towns, supplying public baths, latrines, fountains and private households. Aqueducts also provided water for mining operations, milling, farms and gardens.

text: The

text: Romans

text: constructed

text: numerous

text: aqueducts

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: bring

text: water

text: from

text: often

text: distant

text: sources

text: into

text: cities

text: and

text: towns

text: supplying

text: public

text: baths

text: latrines

text: fountains

text: and

text: private

text: households

text: Aqueducts

text: also

text: provided

text: water

text: for

text: mining

text: operations

text: milling

text: farms

text: and

text: gardens

text:
Canals and navigations are human-made channels for water conveyance (supply), or to service water transport vehicles. In the vernacular, both are referred to as 'canals', and in most cases, the engineered works will have a series of dams and locks that create areas of low speed current flow. These areas are referred to as" 'slack water levels'," often just called 'levels'.
The main difference between them is that a navigation parallels a river and shares part of its waters, its drainage basin and leverages its resources by building dams and locks to increase and lengthen its long stretches of "deep enough" slack water levels while staying in its valley. In contrast, a canal cuts across a drainage divide atop a ridge (however humble), generally requiring an external water source above the highest elevation. Many canals have been built at elevations towering over valleys and others water ways crossing far below. Cities need a lot of fresh water and many canals with sources of water at a higher level can deliver water to a destination where there is a lack of water. The Roman Empire's Aqueducts were such water supply canals.

text: Canals

text: and

text: navigations

text: are

text: human

text: made

text: channels

text: for

text: water

text: conveyance

text: supply

text: or

text: to

text: service

text: water

text: transport

text: vehicles

text: In

text: the

text: vernacular

text: both

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: canals

text: and

text: in

text: most

text: cases

text: the

text: engineered

text: works

text: will

text: have

text: series

text: of

text: dams

text: and

text: locks

text: that

text: create

text: areas

text: of

text: low

text: speed

text: current

text: flow

text: These

text: areas

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: slack

text: water

text: levels

text: often

text: just

text: called

text: levels

text: The

text: main

text: difference

text: between

text: them

text: is

text: that

text: navigation

text: parallels

text: river

text: and

text: shares

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: waters

text: its

text: drainage

text: basin

text: and

text: leverages

text: its

text: resources

text: by

text: building

text: dams

text: and

text: locks

text: to

text: increase

text: and

text: lengthen

text: its

text: long

text: stretches

text: of

text: deep

text: enough

text: slack

text: water

text: levels

text: while

text: staying

text: in

text: its

text: valley

text: In

text: contrast

text: canal

text: cuts

text: across

text: drainage

text: divide

text: atop

text: ridge

text: however

text: humble

text: generally

text: requiring

text: an

text: external

text: water

text: source

text: above

text: the

text: highest

text: elevation

text: Many

text: canals

text: have

text: been

text: built

text: at

text: elevations

text: towering

text: over

text: valleys

text: and

text: others

text: water

text: ways

text: crossing

text: far

text: below

text: Cities

text: need

text: lot

text: of

text: fresh

text: water

text: and

text: many

text: canals

text: with

text: sources

text: of

text: water

text: at

text: higher

text: level

text: can

text: deliver

text: water

text: to

text: destination

text: where

text: there

text: is

text: lack

text: of

text: water

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: 's

text: Aqueducts

text: were

text: such

text: water

text: supply

text: canals

text: A viaduct is a bridge composed of several small spans for crossing a valley, gorge, marshland or forming a flyover. The term "viaduct" is derived from the Latin "via" for road and "ducere", to lead. The ancient Romans did not use the term; it is a modern derivation from an analogy with aqueduct. Like the Roman aqueducts, many early viaducts comprised a series of arches of roughly equal length. Viaducts may span land, water or both.

text: viaduct

text: is

text: bridge

text: composed

text: of

text: several

text: small

text: spans

text: for

text: crossing

text: valley

text: gorge

text: marshland

text: or

text: forming

text: flyover

text: The

text: term

text: viaduct

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: via

text: for

text: road

text: and

text: ducere

text: to

text: lead

text: The

text: ancient

text: Romans

text: did

text: not

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: it

text: is

text: modern

text: derivation

text: from

text: an

text: analogy

text: with

text: aqueduct

text: Like

text: the

text: Roman

text: aqueducts

text: many

text: early

text: viaducts

text: comprised

text: series

text: of

text: arches

text: of

text: roughly

text: equal

text: length

text: Viaducts

text: may

text: span

text: land

text: water

text: or

text: both

text: A cement is a binder, a substance used in construction that sets and hardens and can bind other materials together. The most important types of cement are used as a component in the production of mortar in masonry, and of concrete, which is a combination of cement and an aggregate to form a strong building material.

text: cement

text: is

text: binder

text: substance

text: used

text: in

text: construction

text: that

text: sets

text: and

text: hardens

text: and

text: can

text: bind

text: other

text: materials

text: together

text: The

text: most

text: important

text: types

text: of

text: cement

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: component

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: mortar

text: in

text: masonry

text: and

text: of

text: concrete

text: which

text: is

text: combination

text: of

text: cement

text: and

text: an

text: aggregate

text: to

text: form

text: strong

text: building

text: material

text: Rebar (short for reinforcing bar), collectively known as reinforcing steel and reinforcement steel, is a steel bar or mesh of steel wires used as a tension device in reinforced concrete and reinforced masonry structures to strengthen and hold the concrete in tension. Rebar's surface is often patterned to form a better bond with the concrete.

text: Rebar

text: short

text: for

text: reinforcing

text: bar

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: reinforcing

text: steel

text: and

text: reinforcement

text: steel

text: is

text: steel

text: bar

text: or

text: mesh

text: of

text: steel

text: wires

text: used

text: as

text: tension

text: device

text: in

text: reinforced

text: concrete

text: and

text: reinforced

text: masonry

text: structures

text: to

text: strengthen

text: and

text: hold

text: the

text: concrete

text: in

text: tension

text: Rebar

text: 's

text: surface

text: is

text: often

text: patterned

text: to

text: form

text: better

text: bond

text: with

text: the

text: concrete

text: A bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. There are many different designs that each serve a particular purpose and apply to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it.

text: bridge

text: is

text: structure

text: built

text: to

text: span

text: physical

text: obstacles

text: without

text: closing

text: the

text: way

text: underneath

text: such

text: as

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: valley

text: or

text: road

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: providing

text: passage

text: over

text: the

text: obstacle

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: different

text: designs

text: that

text: each

text: serve

text: particular

text: purpose

text: and

text: apply

text: to

text: different

text: situations

text: Designs

text: of

text: bridges

text: vary

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: bridge

text: the

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: terrain

text: where

text: the

text: bridge

text: is

text: constructed

text: and

text: anchored

text: the

text: material

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: it

text: and

text: the

text: funds

text: available

text: to

text: build

text: it

text: Concrete is a composite material composed of coarse aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time. Most concretes used are lime-based concretes such as Portland cement concrete or concretes made with other hydraulic cements, such as ciment fondu. However, asphalt concrete, which is frequently used for road surfaces, is also a type of concrete, where the cement material is bitumen, and polymer concretes are sometimes used where the cementing material is a polymer.

text: Concrete

text: is

text: composite

text: material

text: composed

text: of

text: coarse

text: aggregate

text: bonded

text: together

text: with

text: fluid

text: cement

text: that

text: hardens

text: over

text: time

text: Most

text: concretes

text: used

text: are

text: lime

text: based

text: concretes

text: such

text: as

text: Portland

text: cement

text: concrete

text: or

text: concretes

text: made

text: with

text: other

text: hydraulic

text: cements

text: such

text: as

text: ciment

text: fondu

text: However

text: asphalt

text: concrete

text: which

text: is

text: frequently

text: used

text: for

text: road

text: surfaces

text: is

text: also

text: type

text: of

text: concrete

text: where

text: the

text: cement

text: material

text: is

text: bitumen

text: and

text: polymer

text: concretes

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: where

text: the

text: cementing

text: material

text: is

text: polymer

text:
Reinforced concrete (RC) is a composite material in which concrete's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength or ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars (rebar) and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before the concrete sets. Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and/or structural failure. Modern reinforced concrete can contain varied reinforcing materials made of steel, polymers or alternate composite material in conjunction with rebar or not. Reinforced concrete may also be permanently stressed (in compression), so as to improve the behaviour of the final structure under working loads. In the United States, the most common methods of doing this are known as pre-tensioning and post-tensioning.
For a strong, ductile and durable construction the reinforcement needs to have the following properties at least:

text: Reinforced

text: concrete

text: RC

text: is

text: composite

text: material

text: in

text: which

text: concrete

text: 's

text: relatively

text: low

text: tensile

text: strength

text: and

text: ductility

text: are

text: counteracted

text: by

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: reinforcement

text: having

text: higher

text: tensile

text: strength

text: or

text: ductility

text: The

text: reinforcement

text: is

text: usually

text: though

text: not

text: necessarily

text: steel

text: reinforcing

text: bars

text: rebar

text: and

text: is

text: usually

text: embedded

text: passively

text: in

text: the

text: concrete

text: before

text: the

text: concrete

text: sets

text: Reinforcing

text: schemes

text: are

text: generally

text: designed

text: to

text: resist

text: tensile

text: stresses

text: in

text: particular

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: concrete

text: that

text: might

text: cause

text: unacceptable

text: cracking

text: and/or

text: structural

text: failure

text: Modern

text: reinforced

text: concrete

text: can

text: contain

text: varied

text: reinforcing

text: materials

text: made

text: of

text: steel

text: polymers

text: or

text: alternate

text: composite

text: material

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: rebar

text: or

text: not

text: Reinforced

text: concrete

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: permanently

text: stressed

text: in

text: compression

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: behaviour

text: of

text: the

text: final

text: structure

text: under

text: working

text: loads

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: methods

text: of

text: doing

text: this

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: pre

text: tensioning

text: and

text: post

text: tensioning

text: For

text: strong

text: ductile

text: and

text: durable

text: construction

text: the

text: reinforcement

text: needs

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: following

text: properties

text: at

text: least

text: Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements, primarily carbon, that is widely used in construction and other applications because of its high tensile strength and low cost. Steel's base metal is iron, which is able to take on two crystalline forms (allotropic forms), body centered cubic and face centered cubic (FCC), depending on its temperature. It is the interaction of those allotropes with the alloying elements, primarily carbon, that gives steel and cast iron their range of unique properties. In the body-centred cubic arrangement, there is an iron atom in the centre of each cube, and in the face-centred cubic, there is one at the center of each of the six faces of the cube. Carbon, other elements, and inclusions within iron act as hardening agents that prevent the movement of dislocations that otherwise occur in the crystal lattices of iron atoms.

text: Steel

text: is

text: an

text: alloy

text: of

text: iron

text: and

text: other

text: elements

text: primarily

text: carbon

text: that

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: construction

text: and

text: other

text: applications

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: high

text: tensile

text: strength

text: and

text: low

text: cost

text: Steel

text: 's

text: base

text: metal

text: is

text: iron

text: which

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: take

text: on

text: two

text: crystalline

text: forms

text: allotropic

text: forms

text: body

text: centered

text: cubic

text: and

text: face

text: centered

text: cubic

text: FCC

text: depending

text: on

text: its

text: temperature

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: interaction

text: of

text: those

text: allotropes

text: with

text: the

text: alloying

text: elements

text: primarily

text: carbon

text: that

text: gives

text: steel

text: and

text: cast

text: iron

text: their

text: range

text: of

text: unique

text: properties

text: In

text: the

text: body

text: centred

text: cubic

text: arrangement

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: iron

text: atom

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: each

text: cube

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: centred

text: cubic

text: there

text: is

text: one

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: faces

text: of

text: the

text: cube

text: Carbon

text: other

text: elements

text: and

text: inclusions

text: within

text: iron

text: act

text: as

text: hardening

text: agents

text: that

text: prevent

text: the

text: movement

text: of

text: dislocations

text: that

text: otherwise

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: crystal

text: lattices

text: of

text: iron

text: atoms

text: An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.

text: An

text: island

text: or

text: isle

text: is

text: any

text: piece

text: of

text: sub

text: continental

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: water

text: Very

text: small

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: emergent

text: land

text: features

text: on

text: atolls

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: islets

text: skerries

text: cays

text: or

text: keys

text: An

text: island

text: in

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: island

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: eyot

text: or

text: ait

text: and

text: small

text: island

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: holm

text: grouping

text: of

text: geographically

text: or

text: geologically

text: related

text: islands

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: archipelago

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Philippines

text:
Biography.
Early life.
It is known that Birger grew up and spent his adolescence in Bjälbo, Östergötland but the exact date of his birth remains uncertain and available historical sources are contradictory. Examinations of his mortal remains indicate that he was probably about 50 upon his death in 1266 which would indicate a birth around 1216. However, his father Magnus Minnesköld is assumed to have died no later than 1210, which would lead to an assumed birth a few years earlier. Under any circumstance, he was the son of Ingrid Ylva, who according to Olaus Petri was a daughter of Sune Sik and granddaughter of King Sverker I of Sweden, which would make Birger a matrilineal member of the House of Sverker. His brothers or half-brothers  Eskil, Karl, and Bengt  were all born long before 1200, and it can therefore be assumed that they had another mother. He was also a nephew of the jarl Birger Brosa from the House of Bjelbo. The combination of this background proved to be of vital importance.

text: Biography

text: Early

text: life

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: that

text: Birger

text: grew

text: up

text: and

text: spent

text: his

text: adolescence

text: in

text: Bjälbo

text: Östergötland

text: but

text: the

text: exact

text: date

text: of

text: his

text: birth

text: remains

text: uncertain

text: and

text: available

text: historical

text: sources

text: are

text: contradictory

text: Examinations

text: of

text: his

text: mortal

text: remains

text: indicate

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: probably

text: about

text: upon

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: which

text: would

text: indicate

text: birth

text: around

text: However

text: his

text: father

text: Magnus

text: Minnesköld

text: is

text: assumed

text: to

text: have

text: died

text: no

text: later

text: than

text: which

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: an

text: assumed

text: birth

text: few

text: years

text: earlier

text: Under

text: any

text: circumstance

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Ingrid

text: Ylva

text: who

text: according

text: to

text: Olaus

text: Petri

text: was

text: daughter

text: of

text: Sune

text: Sik

text: and

text: granddaughter

text: of

text: King

text: Sverker

text: of

text: Sweden

text: which

text: would

text: make

text: Birger

text: matrilineal

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Sverker

text: His

text: brothers

text: or

text: half

text: brothers

text: Eskil

text: Karl

text: and

text: Bengt

text: were

text: all

text: born

text: long

text: before

text: and

text: it

text: can

text: therefore

text: be

text: assumed

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: another

text: mother

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: nephew

text: of

text: the

text: jarl

text: Birger

text: Brosa

text: from

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Bjelbo

text: The

text: combination

text: of

text: this

text: background

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: vital

text: importance

question: material_used klarabergsviadukten

answer: steel

text: steel

text: steel

text: steel

text: steel

text: steel

text: steel

text: steel

text: steel

text: steel


text: Bonifacio Global City (also known as BGC, Global City, or The Fort) is a financial district in Metro Manila, Philippines. It is located south-east of the center of Manila in an area formerly disputed between the cities of Makati and Taguig as well as the municipality of Pateros. The area is currently under disputed. In recent years, the district has experienced robust commercial growth through the sale of military land by the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA). The entire district used to be the part of the main Philippine Army camp.

text: Bonifacio

text: Global

text: City

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: BGC

text: Global

text: City

text: or

text: The

text: Fort

text: is

text: financial

text: district

text: in

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: Philippines

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Manila

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: formerly

text: disputed

text: between

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Makati

text: and

text: Taguig

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: municipality

text: of

text: Pateros

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: currently

text: under

text: disputed

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: the

text: district

text: has

text: experienced

text: robust

text: commercial

text: growth

text: through

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: military

text: land

text: by

text: the

text: Bases

text: Conversion

text: and

text: Development

text: Authority

text: BCDA

text: The

text: entire

text: district

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: Philippine

text: Army

text: camp

text: Manila (or ), officially City of Manila, is the capital of the Philippines.

text: Manila

text: or

text: officially

text: City

text: of

text: Manila

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: The Celebes Sea of the western Pacific Ocean is bordered on the north by the Sulu Archipelago and Sulu Sea and Mindanao Island of the Philippines, on the east by the Sangihe Islands chain, on the south by Sulawesi's Minahassa Peninsula, and on the west by Kalimantan in Indonesia. It extends 420 miles (675 km) north-south by 520 miles (837 km) east-west and has a total surface area of , to a maximum depth of . The sea opens southwest through the Makassar Strait into the Java Sea.

text: The

text: Celebes

text: Sea

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: is

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Sulu

text: Archipelago

text: and

text: Sulu

text: Sea

text: and

text: Mindanao

text: Island

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Sangihe

text: Islands

text: chain

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Sulawesi

text: 's

text: Minahassa

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Kalimantan

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: It

text: extends

text: miles

text: km

text: north

text: south

text: by

text: miles

text: km

text: east

text: west

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: of

text: to

text: maximum

text: depth

text: of

text: The

text: sea

text: opens

text: southwest

text: through

text: the

text: Makassar

text: Strait

text: into

text: the

text: Java

text: Sea

text: Quezon City (  also known as QC) is the most populous city in the Philippines. It is one of the cities that make up Metro Manila, the National Capital Region of the Philippines. Quezon City was named after Manuel L. Quezon, second President of the Philippines, who founded the city and developed it to replace Manila as the national capital for 28 years from 1948 to 1976. Quezon City is not located in and should not be confused with Quezon Province, which was also named after the president. It is the largest city in Metro Manila in terms of land area and most populated local government unit in the country.

text: Quezon

text: City

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: QC

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: cities

text: that

text: make

text: up

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: the

text: National

text: Capital

text: Region

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Quezon

text: City

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: Manuel

text: Quezon

text: second

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: who

text: founded

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: developed

text: it

text: to

text: replace

text: Manila

text: as

text: the

text: national

text: capital

text: for

text: years

text: from

text: to

text: Quezon

text: City

text: is

text: not

text: located

text: in

text: and

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: Quezon

text: Province

text: which

text: was

text: also

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: president

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: local

text: government

text: unit

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and volcanic activity. Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions:

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southeastern

text: Asia

text: is

text: subregion

text: of

text: Asia

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: countries

text: that

text: are

text: geographically

text: south

text: of

text: China

text: east

text: of

text: India

text: west

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Australia

text: The

text: region

text: lies

text: near

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: geological

text: plates

text: with

text: heavy

text: seismic

text: and

text: volcanic

text: activity

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: geographic

text: regions

text: The Philippine Stock Exchange is the national stock exchange of the Philippines. It has been in continuous operation since its inception in 1927. Currently, it maintains two trading floors in Metro Manila: one at its headquarters at the PSE Plaza Ayala Triangle, Ayala Tower One in the Makati Central Business District; and one at the Philippine Stock Exchange Centre (Tektite Towers), Ortigas Center in Pasig. Construction of the Philippine Stock Exchange office tower in Bonifacio Global City is expected to be completed by mid-2016. The PSE is overseen by a 15-member Board of Directors, chaired by José T. Pardo.

text: The

text: Philippine

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: is

text: the

text: national

text: stock

text: exchange

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: continuous

text: operation

text: since

text: its

text: inception

text: in

text: Currently

text: it

text: maintains

text: two

text: trading

text: floors

text: in

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: one

text: at

text: its

text: headquarters

text: at

text: the

text: PSE

text: Plaza

text: Ayala

text: Triangle

text: Ayala

text: Tower

text: One

text: in

text: the

text: Makati

text: Central

text: Business

text: District

text: and

text: one

text: at

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: Centre

text: Tektite

text: Towers

text: Ortigas

text: Center

text: in

text: Pasig

text: Construction

text: of

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: office

text: tower

text: in

text: Bonifacio

text: Global

text: City

text: is

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: completed

text: by

text: The

text: PSE

text: is

text: overseen

text: by

text: Board

text: of

text: Directors

text: chaired

text: by

text: José

text: Pardo

text:
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.
Taiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy.

text: Taiwan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: ROC

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: Neighbors

text: include

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: PRC

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Japan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: the

text: Philippines

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Taiwan

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: the

text: one

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: economy

text: Palau (historically Belau or Pelew), officially the Republic of Palau, is an island country located in the western Pacific Ocean. The country contains approximately 250 islands, forming the western chain of the Caroline Islands in Micronesia, and has an area of . The most populous island is Koror. The capital Ngerulmud is located on the nearby island of Babeldaob, in Melekeok State. Palau shares maritime boundaries with Indonesia, the Philippines, and the Federated States of Micronesia.

text: Palau

text: historically

text: Belau

text: or

text: Pelew

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Palau

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: The

text: country

text: contains

text: approximately

text: islands

text: forming

text: the

text: western

text: chain

text: of

text: the

text: Caroline

text: Islands

text: in

text: Micronesia

text: and

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: The

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: is

text: Koror

text: The

text: capital

text: Ngerulmud

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: nearby

text: island

text: of

text: Babeldaob

text: in

text: Melekeok

text: State

text: Palau

text: shares

text: maritime

text: boundaries

text: with

text: Indonesia

text: the

text: Philippines

text: and

text: the

text: Federated

text: States

text: of

text: Micronesia

text: Ortigas Center is a financial and central business district located at the boundaries of Pasig, Mandaluyong, and Quezon City in the Philippines. With an area of more than , it is Metro Manila's second most important business district after the Makati CBD. It is governed by Ortigas Center Association, Inc.

text: Ortigas

text: Center

text: is

text: financial

text: and

text: central

text: business

text: district

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Pasig

text: Mandaluyong

text: and

text: Quezon

text: City

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: it

text: is

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: important

text: business

text: district

text: after

text: the

text: Makati

text: CBD

text: It

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: Ortigas

text: Center

text: Association

text: Inc.

text: A stock exchange or bourse is an exchange where stock brokers and traders can buy and/or sell stocks (also called shares), bonds, and other securities. Stock exchanges may also provide facilities for issue and redemption of securities and other financial instruments, and capital events including the payment of income and dividends. Securities traded on a stock exchange include stock issued by listed companies, unit trusts, derivatives, pooled investment products and bonds. Stock exchanges often function as "continuous auction" markets, with buyers and sellers consummating transactions at a central location, such as the floor of the exchange.

text: stock

text: exchange

text: or

text: bourse

text: is

text: an

text: exchange

text: where

text: stock

text: brokers

text: and

text: traders

text: can

text: buy

text: and/or

text: sell

text: stocks

text: also

text: called

text: shares

text: bonds

text: and

text: other

text: securities

text: Stock

text: exchanges

text: may

text: also

text: provide

text: facilities

text: for

text: issue

text: and

text: redemption

text: of

text: securities

text: and

text: other

text: financial

text: instruments

text: and

text: capital

text: events

text: including

text: the

text: payment

text: of

text: income

text: and

text: dividends

text: Securities

text: traded

text: on

text: stock

text: exchange

text: include

text: stock

text: issued

text: by

text: listed

text: companies

text: unit

text: trusts

text: derivatives

text: pooled

text: investment

text: products

text: and

text: bonds

text: Stock

text: exchanges

text: often

text: function

text: as

text: continuous

text: auction

text: markets

text: with

text: buyers

text: and

text: sellers

text: consummating

text: transactions

text: at

text: central

text: location

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: floor

text: of

text: the

text: exchange

text: The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.

text: The

text: Philippines

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: is

text: sovereign

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: about

text: islands

text: that

text: are

text: categorized

text: broadly

text: under

text: three

text: main

text: geographical

text: divisions

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: Luzon

text: Visayas

text: and

text: Mindanao

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: is

text: Manila

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Quezon

text: City

text: both

text: part

text: of

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Celebes

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: the

text: Philippines

text: shares

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Taiwan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Vietnam

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Palau

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The Philippine Sea is a marginal sea east and northeast of the Philippines occupying an estimated surface area of 5 million km² (2 million mi²). of the western part of the North Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by the Philippine archipelago (Luzon, Catanduanes, Samar, Leyte and Mindanao) on the southwest; Halmahera, Morotai, Palau, Yap, and Ulithi (of the Carolines) on the southeast; the Marianas, including Guam, Saipan, and Tinian, on the east; the Bonin and Iwo Jima on the northeast; the Japanese islands of Honshu, Shikoku, and Kysh on the north; the Ryukyu Islands on the northwest; and Taiwan in the west.

text: The

text: Philippine

text: Sea

text: is

text: marginal

text: sea

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: occupying

text: an

text: estimated

text: surface

text: area

text: of

text: million

text: million

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Philippine

text: archipelago

text: Luzon

text: Catanduanes

text: Samar

text: Leyte

text: and

text: Mindanao

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: Halmahera

text: Morotai

text: Palau

text: Yap

text: and

text: Ulithi

text: of

text: the

text: Carolines

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: the

text: Marianas

text: including

text: Guam

text: Saipan

text: and

text: Tinian

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Bonin

text: and

text: Iwo

text: Jima

text: on

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Japanese

text: islands

text: of

text: Honshu

text: Shikoku

text: and

text: Kysh

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Ryukyu

text: Islands

text: on

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Mindanao is the second largest and southernmost major island in the Philippines. It is also the name of one of the three island groups in the country (the other two being Luzon and the Visayas), consisting of the island of Mindanao and smaller outlying islands. Davao City is the largest city in Mindanao. As of the 2010 census, the island's population itself is 20,281,545 people, while the Mindanao island group has 21,968,174 inhabitants. Davao City is the most populous in Mindanao as 1,632,991 population, and the 2nd is Zamboanga City as 861,799 population, the 3rd is Cagayan de Oro City as 675,950 population, and followed by General Santos City as 594,446 population as of 2015 census.

text: Mindanao

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: southernmost

text: major

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: island

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: being

text: Luzon

text: and

text: the

text: Visayas

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Mindanao

text: and

text: smaller

text: outlying

text: islands

text: Davao

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Mindanao

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: population

text: itself

text: is

text: people

text: while

text: the

text: Mindanao

text: island

text: group

text: has

text: inhabitants

text: Davao

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: Mindanao

text: as

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: is

text: Zamboanga

text: City

text: as

text: population

text: the

text: is

text: Cagayan

text: de

text: Oro

text: City

text: as

text: population

text: and

text: followed

text: by

text: General

text: Santos

text: City

text: as

text: population

text: as

text: of

text: census

text: Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.

text: Asia

text: is

text: Earth

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: hemispheres

text: and

text: sharing

text: the

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: continent

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: civilizations

text: Asia

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: its

text: overall

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: also

text: dense

text: and

text: large

text: settlements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: vast

text: barely

text: populated

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: billion

text: people

text: Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.5 million inhabitants , it is the world's 14th-most-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976.

text: Vietnam

text: officially

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vietnam

text: SRV

text: is

text: the

text: easternmost

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: Indochina

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: eighth

text: most

text: populous

text: Asian

text: country

text: Vietnam

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Laos

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Cambodia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Thailand

text: across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Thailand

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: across

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: has

text: been

text: Hanoi

text: since

text: the

text: reunification

text: of

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: Vietnam

text: in

text: Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.

text: Indonesia

text: or

text: Indonesian

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: located

text: mainly

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: with

text: some

text: territories

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Situated

text: between

text: the

text: Indian

text: and

text: Pacific

text: oceans

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: island

text: country

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: seventeen

text: thousand

text: islands

text: At

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: combined

text: sea

text: and

text: land

text: area

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Austronesian

text: nation

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Muslim

text: majority

text: country

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: of

text: Java

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Megaworld Corporation ( PSE : MEG ) is a real - estate company in the Philippines . It is listed on the Philippine Stock Exchange Composite Index . The company develops large - scale , mixed - use , planned communities incorporating residential , commercial , educational , and leisure components . In addition it provides other services such as project design , construction oversight , and property management . Among its landmark projects is Forbes Town Center , a 6 - hectare commercial and residential district in Fort Bonifacio , Metro Manila . Another project by Megaworld is the 45 - storey Petron Megaplaza office skyscraper , which was the tallest building in the country upon its completion in 1998 and the 50 - hectare McKinley Hill which is by far the biggest .

text: Megaworld

text: Corporation

text: PSE

text: MEG

text: is

text: real

text: estate

text: company

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: It

text: is

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: Composite

text: Index

text: The

text: company

text: develops

text: large

text: scale

text: mixed

text: use

text: planned

text: communities

text: incorporating

text: residential

text: commercial

text: educational

text: and

text: leisure

text: components

text: In

text: addition

text: it

text: provides

text: other

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: project

text: design

text: construction

text: oversight

text: and

text: property

text: management

text: Among

text: its

text: landmark

text: projects

text: is

text: Forbes

text: Town

text: Center

text: hectare

text: commercial

text: and

text: residential

text: district

text: in

text: Fort

text: Bonifacio

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: Another

text: project

text: by

text: Megaworld

text: is

text: the

text: storey

text: Petron

text: Megaplaza

text: office

text: skyscraper

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: tallest

text: building

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: upon

text: its

text: completion

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: hectare

text: McKinley

text: Hill

text: which

text: is

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: biggest

text: Metropolitan Manila, commonly known as Metro Manila or simply Manila, is the capital region of the Philippines, is the seat of government, the 2nd most populous and the most densely populated region of the country. The National Capital Region (NCR) is composed of Manila, the capital city of the country, Quezon City, the country's most populous city, and the cities of Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, including the only remaining municipality of Pateros.

text: Metropolitan

text: Manila

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: or

text: simply

text: Manila

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: National

text: Capital

text: Region

text: NCR

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: Manila

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Quezon

text: City

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Caloocan

text: Las

text: Piñas

text: Makati

text: Malabon

text: Mandaluyong

text: Marikina

text: Muntinlupa

text: Navotas

text: Parañaque

text: Pasay

text: Pasig

text: San

text: Juan

text: Taguig

text: and

text: Valenzuela

text: including

text: the

text: only

text: remaining

text: municipality

text: of

text: Pateros

text: The South China Sea is a marginal sea that is part of the Pacific Ocean, encompassing an area from the Karimata and Malacca Straits to the Strait of Taiwan of around . The area's importance largely results from one-third of the world's shipping sailing through its waters and that it is believed to hold huge oil and gas reserves beneath its seabed.

text: The

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: is

text: marginal

text: sea

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: encompassing

text: an

text: area

text: from

text: the

text: Karimata

text: and

text: Malacca

text: Straits

text: to

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Taiwan

text: of

text: around

text: The

text: area

text: 's

text: importance

text: largely

text: results

text: from

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: shipping

text: sailing

text: through

text: its

text: waters

text: and

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: hold

text: huge

text: oil

text: and

text: gas

text: reserves

text: beneath

text: its

text: seabed

text: Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species.

text: Malaysia

text: is

text: federal

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: located

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: thirteen

text: states

text: and

text: three

text: federal

text: territories

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: landmass

text: of

text: separated

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: into

text: two

text: similarly

text: sized

text: regions

text: Peninsular

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: East

text: Malaysia

text: Malaysian

text: Borneo

text: Peninsular

text: Malaysia

text: shares

text: land

text: and

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Singapore

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: East

text: Malaysia

text: shares

text: land

text: and

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Brunei

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Philippines

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Kuala

text: Lumpur

text: while

text: Putrajaya

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: Malaysia

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: southernmost

text: point

text: of

text: continental

text: Eurasia

text: Tanjung

text: Piai

text: is

text: in

text: Malaysia

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: Malaysia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: megadiverse

text: countries

text: on

text: earth

text: with

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: endemic

text: species

text: The Visayas or the Visayan Islands (Visayan: "Kabisay-an",  ), is one of the three principal geographical divisions of the Philippines, along with Luzon and Mindanao. It consists of several islands, primarily surrounding the Visayan Sea, although the Visayas are considered the northeast extremity of the entire Sulu Sea. Its inhabitants are predominantly the Visayan people.

text: The

text: Visayas

text: or

text: the

text: Visayan

text: Islands

text: Visayan

text: Kabisay

text: an

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: principal

text: geographical

text: divisions

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: along

text: with

text: Luzon

text: and

text: Mindanao

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: several

text: islands

text: primarily

text: surrounding

text: the

text: Visayan

text: Sea

text: although

text: the

text: Visayas

text: are

text: considered

text: the

text: northeast

text: extremity

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: Sulu

text: Sea

text: Its

text: inhabitants

text: are

text: predominantly

text: the

text: Visayan

text: people

text: Tower One & Exchange Plaza is one of the tallest and most well-known skyscrapers in the Philippines. It is located in the Makati Central Business District and has a height of 160 metres (525 feet). The building has 35 floors above ground level, and is originally planned to be the first of three towers for the Ayala Triangle. Plans for the construction of the two additional buildings did not materialize though.

text: Tower

text: One

text: Exchange

text: Plaza

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: tallest

text: and

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: skyscrapers

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Makati

text: Central

text: Business

text: District

text: and

text: has

text: height

text: of

text: metres

text: feet

text: The

text: building

text: has

text: floors

text: above

text: ground

text: level

text: and

text: is

text: originally

text: planned

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: three

text: towers

text: for

text: the

text: Ayala

text: Triangle

text: Plans

text: for

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: additional

text: buildings

text: did

text: not

text: materialize

text: though

text: Luzon is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines and the 15th largest in the world. Located in the northern region of the archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as well as Quezon City, the country's most populous. With a population of 52.99 million , it is the fourth most populous island in the world (after Java, Honshu, and Great Britain), containing about 53% of the country's total population.

text: Luzon

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: archipelago

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: being

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: city

text: Manila

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Quezon

text: City

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Java

text: Honshu

text: and

text: Great

text: Britain

text: containing

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: Pasig is a city in the Philippines which was the former provincial capital of the province of Rizal prior to the formation of Metro Manila, the National Capital Region of the country of which it became a part. Located along the eastern border of Metro Manila, Pasig is bordered on the west by Quezon City and Mandaluyong; to the north by Marikina; to the south by Makati, Pateros, and Taguig; and to the east by Antipolo, the municipality of Cainta and Taytay in the province of Rizal.

text: Pasig

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Philippines

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: former

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Rizal

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: the

text: National

text: Capital

text: Region

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: which

text: it

text: became

text: part

text: Located

text: along

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: of

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: Pasig

text: is

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Quezon

text: City

text: and

text: Mandaluyong

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Marikina

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Makati

text: Pateros

text: and

text: Taguig

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Antipolo

text: the

text: municipality

text: of

text: Cainta

text: and

text: Taytay

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Rizal

annotations: likely multiple

question: headquarters_location megaworld corporation

answer: makati

text: makati

text: makati

text: makati

text: makati

text: makati

text: makati