text:
Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is when, even though the uterus is contracting normally, the baby does not exit the pelvis during childbirth due to being physically blocked. Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may result in death. It increases the risk of the mother getting an infection, having uterine rupture, or having post-partum bleeding. Long term complications for the mother include obstetrical fistula. Obstructed labour is said to result in prolonged labour, when the active phase of labour is longer than twelve hours.
The main causes of obstructed labour include: a large or abnormally positioned baby, a small pelvis, and problems with the birth canal. Abnormal positioning includes shoulder dystocia where the anterior shoulder does not pass easily below the pubic bone. Risk factors for a small pelvis include malnutrition and a lack of exposure to sunlight causing vitamin D deficiency. It is also more common in adolescence as the pelvis may not have finished growing. Problems with the birth canal include a narrow vagina and perineum which may be due to female genital mutilation or tumors. A partograph is often used to track labour progression and diagnose problems. This combined with physical examination may identify obstructed labour.
The treatment of obstructed labour may require cesarean section or vacuum extraction with possible surgical opening of the symphysis pubis. Other measures include: keeping the women hydrated and antibiotics if the membranes have been ruptured for more than 18 hours. In Africa and Asia obstructed labor effects between two and five percent of deliveries. In 2013 about 5.1 cases of obstructed labour occurred. This resulted in 19,000 deaths down from 29,000 deaths in 1990 (about 8% of all deaths related to pregnancy). Most deaths due to this condition occur in the developing world.

text: Obstructed

text: labour

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: labour

text: dystocia

text: is

text: when

text: even

text: though

text: the

text: uterus

text: is

text: contracting

text: normally

text: the

text: baby

text: does

text: not

text: exit

text: the

text: pelvis

text: during

text: childbirth

text: due

text: to

text: being

text: physically

text: blocked

text: Complications

text: for

text: the

text: baby

text: include

text: not

text: getting

text: enough

text: oxygen

text: which

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: death

text: It

text: increases

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: the

text: mother

text: getting

text: an

text: infection

text: having

text: uterine

text: rupture

text: or

text: having

text: post

text: partum

text: bleeding

text: Long

text: term

text: complications

text: for

text: the

text: mother

text: include

text: obstetrical

text: fistula

text: Obstructed

text: labour

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: result

text: in

text: prolonged

text: labour

text: when

text: the

text: active

text: phase

text: of

text: labour

text: is

text: longer

text: than

text: twelve

text: hours

text: The

text: main

text: causes

text: of

text: obstructed

text: labour

text: include

text: large

text: or

text: abnormally

text: positioned

text: baby

text: small

text: pelvis

text: and

text: problems

text: with

text: the

text: birth

text: canal

text: Abnormal

text: positioning

text: includes

text: shoulder

text: dystocia

text: where

text: the

text: anterior

text: shoulder

text: does

text: not

text: pass

text: easily

text: below

text: the

text: pubic

text: bone

text: Risk

text: factors

text: for

text: small

text: pelvis

text: include

text: malnutrition

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: exposure

text: to

text: sunlight

text: causing

text: vitamin

text: deficiency

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: adolescence

text: as

text: the

text: pelvis

text: may

text: not

text: have

text: finished

text: growing

text: Problems

text: with

text: the

text: birth

text: canal

text: include

text: narrow

text: vagina

text: and

text: perineum

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: female

text: genital

text: mutilation

text: or

text: tumors

text: partograph

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: track

text: labour

text: progression

text: and

text: diagnose

text: problems

text: This

text: combined

text: with

text: physical

text: examination

text: may

text: identify

text: obstructed

text: labour

text: The

text: treatment

text: of

text: obstructed

text: labour

text: may

text: require

text: cesarean

text: section

text: or

text: vacuum

text: extraction

text: with

text: possible

text: surgical

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: symphysis

text: pubis

text: Other

text: measures

text: include

text: keeping

text: the

text: women

text: hydrated

text: and

text: antibiotics

text: if

text: the

text: membranes

text: have

text: been

text: ruptured

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: hours

text: In

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: obstructed

text: labor

text: effects

text: between

text: two

text: and

text: five

text: percent

text: of

text: deliveries

text: In

text: about

text: cases

text: of

text: obstructed

text: labour

text: occurred

text: This

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: down

text: from

text: deaths

text: in

text: about

text: of

text: all

text: deaths

text: related

text: to

text: pregnancy

text: Most

text: deaths

text: due

text: to

text: this

text: condition

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text:
Childbirth, also known as labour and delivery, is the ending of a pregnancy by one or more babies leaving a woman's uterus. In 2015 there were about 135 million births globally. About 15 million were born before 37 weeks of gestation, while between 3 and 12% were born after 42 weeks. In the developed world most deliveries occur in hospital, while in the developing world most births take place at home with the support of a traditional birth attendant.
The most common way of childbirth is a vaginal delivery. It involves three stages of labour: the shortening and opening of the cervix, descent and birth of the baby, and the pushing out of the placenta. The first stage typically lasts twelve to nineteen hours, the second stage twenty minutes to two hours, and the third stage five to thirty minutes. The first stage begins with crampy abdominal or back pains that last around half a minute and occur every ten to thirty minutes. The crampy pains become stronger and closer together over time. During the second stage pushing with contractions may occur. In the third stage delayed clamping of the umbilical cord is generally recommended. A number of methods can help with pain such as relaxation techniques, opioids, and spinal blocks.
Most babies are born head first; however about 4% are born feet or buttock first, known as breech. During labour a woman can generally eat and move around as she likes, but pushing is not recommended during the first stage or during delivery of the head, and enemas are not recommended. While making a cut to the opening of the vagina is common, known as an episiotomy, it is generally not needed. In 2012, about 23 million deliveries occurred by a surgical procedure known as Caesarean section. Caesarean sections may be recommended for twins, signs of distress in the baby, or breech position. This method of delivery can take longer to heal from.
Each year complications from pregnancy and childbirth result in about 500,000 maternal deaths, 7 million women have serious long term problems, and 50 million women have health negative outcomes following delivery. Most of these occur in the developing world. Specific complications include obstructed labour, postpartum bleeding, eclampsia, and postpartum infection. Complications in the baby include birth asphyxia.

text: Childbirth

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: labour

text: and

text: delivery

text: is

text: the

text: ending

text: of

text: pregnancy

text: by

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: babies

text: leaving

text: woman

text: 's

text: uterus

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: about

text: million

text: births

text: globally

text: About

text: million

text: were

text: born

text: before

text: weeks

text: of

text: gestation

text: while

text: between

text: and

text: were

text: born

text: after

text: weeks

text: In

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: most

text: deliveries

text: occur

text: in

text: hospital

text: while

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: most

text: births

text: take

text: place

text: at

text: home

text: with

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: traditional

text: birth

text: attendant

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: way

text: of

text: childbirth

text: is

text: vaginal

text: delivery

text: It

text: involves

text: three

text: stages

text: of

text: labour

text: the

text: shortening

text: and

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: cervix

text: descent

text: and

text: birth

text: of

text: the

text: baby

text: and

text: the

text: pushing

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: placenta

text: The

text: first

text: stage

text: typically

text: lasts

text: twelve

text: to

text: nineteen

text: hours

text: the

text: second

text: stage

text: twenty

text: minutes

text: to

text: two

text: hours

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: stage

text: five

text: to

text: thirty

text: minutes

text: The

text: first

text: stage

text: begins

text: with

text: crampy

text: abdominal

text: or

text: back

text: pains

text: that

text: last

text: around

text: half

text: minute

text: and

text: occur

text: every

text: ten

text: to

text: thirty

text: minutes

text: The

text: crampy

text: pains

text: become

text: stronger

text: and

text: closer

text: together

text: over

text: time

text: During

text: the

text: second

text: stage

text: pushing

text: with

text: contractions

text: may

text: occur

text: In

text: the

text: third

text: stage

text: delayed

text: clamping

text: of

text: the

text: umbilical

text: cord

text: is

text: generally

text: recommended

text: number

text: of

text: methods

text: can

text: help

text: with

text: pain

text: such

text: as

text: relaxation

text: techniques

text: opioids

text: and

text: spinal

text: blocks

text: Most

text: babies

text: are

text: born

text: head

text: first

text: however

text: about

text: are

text: born

text: feet

text: or

text: buttock

text: first

text: known

text: as

text: breech

text: During

text: labour

text: woman

text: can

text: generally

text: eat

text: and

text: move

text: around

text: as

text: she

text: likes

text: but

text: pushing

text: is

text: not

text: recommended

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: stage

text: or

text: during

text: delivery

text: of

text: the

text: head

text: and

text: enemas

text: are

text: not

text: recommended

text: While

text: making

text: cut

text: to

text: the

text: opening

text: of

text: the

text: vagina

text: is

text: common

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: episiotomy

text: it

text: is

text: generally

text: not

text: needed

text: In

text: about

text: million

text: deliveries

text: occurred

text: by

text: surgical

text: procedure

text: known

text: as

text: Caesarean

text: section

text: Caesarean

text: sections

text: may

text: be

text: recommended

text: for

text: twins

text: signs

text: of

text: distress

text: in

text: the

text: baby

text: or

text: breech

text: position

text: This

text: method

text: of

text: delivery

text: can

text: take

text: longer

text: to

text: heal

text: from

text: Each

text: year

text: complications

text: from

text: pregnancy

text: and

text: childbirth

text: result

text: in

text: about

text: maternal

text: deaths

text: million

text: women

text: have

text: serious

text: long

text: term

text: problems

text: and

text: million

text: women

text: have

text: health

text: negative

text: outcomes

text: following

text: delivery

text: Most

text: of

text: these

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: Specific

text: complications

text: include

text: obstructed

text: labour

text: postpartum

text: bleeding

text: eclampsia

text: and

text: postpartum

text: infection

text: Complications

text: in

text: the

text: baby

text: include

text: birth

text: asphyxia

text: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), formerly known as electroshock therapy, and often referred to as shock treatment, is a psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in patients to provide relief from psychiatric illnesses. The ECT procedure was first conducted in 1938 and is the only currently used form of shock therapy in psychiatry. ECT is often used with informed consent as a last line of intervention for major depressive disorder, mania, and catatonia. ECT machines have been placed in the Class III category (high risk) by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1976.

text: Electroconvulsive

text: therapy

text: ECT

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: electroshock

text: therapy

text: and

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: shock

text: treatment

text: is

text: psychiatric

text: treatment

text: in

text: which

text: seizures

text: are

text: electrically

text: induced

text: in

text: patients

text: to

text: provide

text: relief

text: from

text: psychiatric

text: illnesses

text: The

text: ECT

text: procedure

text: was

text: first

text: conducted

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: currently

text: used

text: form

text: of

text: shock

text: therapy

text: in

text: psychiatry

text: ECT

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: with

text: informed

text: consent

text: as

text: last

text: line

text: of

text: intervention

text: for

text: major

text: depressive

text: disorder

text: mania

text: and

text: catatonia

text: ECT

text: machines

text: have

text: been

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: Class

text: III

text: category

text: high

text: risk

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Food

text: and

text: Drug

text: Administration

text: FDA

text: since

text: The placenta (also known as afterbirth) is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, provide thermo-regulation to the fetus, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply, fight against internal infection and produce hormones to support pregnancy. The placenta provides oxygen and nutrients to growing babies and removes waste products from the baby's blood. The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and the baby's umbilical cord develops from the placenta. The umbilical cord is what connects the mother and the baby. Placentas are a defining characteristic of placental mammals, but are also found in some non-mammals with varying levels of development. The homology of such structures in various viviparous organisms is debatable, and in invertebrates such as Arthropoda, is analogous at best.

text: The

text: placenta

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: afterbirth

text: is

text: an

text: organ

text: that

text: connects

text: the

text: developing

text: fetus

text: to

text: the

text: uterine

text: wall

text: to

text: allow

text: nutrient

text: uptake

text: provide

text: thermo

text: regulation

text: to

text: the

text: fetus

text: waste

text: elimination

text: and

text: gas

text: exchange

text: via

text: the

text: mother

text: 's

text: blood

text: supply

text: fight

text: against

text: internal

text: infection

text: and

text: produce

text: hormones

text: to

text: support

text: pregnancy

text: The

text: placenta

text: provides

text: oxygen

text: and

text: nutrients

text: to

text: growing

text: babies

text: and

text: removes

text: waste

text: products

text: from

text: the

text: baby

text: 's

text: blood

text: The

text: placenta

text: attaches

text: to

text: the

text: wall

text: of

text: the

text: uterus

text: and

text: the

text: baby

text: 's

text: umbilical

text: cord

text: develops

text: from

text: the

text: placenta

text: The

text: umbilical

text: cord

text: is

text: what

text: connects

text: the

text: mother

text: and

text: the

text: baby

text: Placentas

text: are

text: defining

text: characteristic

text: of

text: placental

text: mammals

text: but

text: are

text: also

text: found

text: in

text: some

text: non

text: mammals

text: with

text: varying

text: levels

text: of

text: development

text: The

text: homology

text: of

text: such

text: structures

text: in

text: various

text: viviparous

text: organisms

text: is

text: debatable

text: and

text: in

text: invertebrates

text: such

text: as

text: Arthropoda

text: is

text: analogous

text: at

text: best

text:
Postpartum psychosis is a rare psychiatric emergency in which symptoms of high mood and racing thoughts (mania), depression, severe confusion, loss of inhibition, paranoia, hallucinations and delusions set in, beginning suddenly in the first two weeks after delivery. The symptoms vary and can change quickly. The most severe symptoms last from 2 to 12 weeks, and recovery takes 6 months to a year.
About half of women who experience it have no risk factors; but women with a prior history of mental illness, especially bipolar disorder, a history of prior episodes of postpartum psychosis, or a family history are at a higher risk. It is a not a formal diagnosis, but is widely used to describe a condition that appears to occur in about 1 in a 1000 pregnancies. It is different from postpartum depression and from maternity blues. It may be a form of bipolar disorder.
It often requires hospitalization, where treatment is antipsychotic medication, mood stabilizers, and, in cases of strong risk for suicide, electroconvulsive therapy. Women who have been hospitalized for a psychiatric condition immediately after delivery are at a much higher risk of suicide during the first year after delivery.

text: Postpartum

text: psychosis

text: is

text: rare

text: psychiatric

text: emergency

text: in

text: which

text: symptoms

text: of

text: high

text: mood

text: and

text: racing

text: thoughts

text: mania

text: depression

text: severe

text: confusion

text: loss

text: of

text: inhibition

text: paranoia

text: hallucinations

text: and

text: delusions

text: set

text: in

text: beginning

text: suddenly

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: weeks

text: after

text: delivery

text: The

text: symptoms

text: vary

text: and

text: can

text: change

text: quickly

text: The

text: most

text: severe

text: symptoms

text: last

text: from

text: to

text: weeks

text: and

text: recovery

text: takes

text: months

text: to

text: year

text: About

text: half

text: of

text: women

text: who

text: experience

text: it

text: have

text: no

text: risk

text: factors

text: but

text: women

text: with

text: prior

text: history

text: of

text: mental

text: illness

text: especially

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: history

text: of

text: prior

text: episodes

text: of

text: postpartum

text: psychosis

text: or

text: family

text: history

text: are

text: at

text: higher

text: risk

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: formal

text: diagnosis

text: but

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: condition

text: that

text: appears

text: to

text: occur

text: in

text: about

text: in

text: pregnancies

text: It

text: is

text: different

text: from

text: postpartum

text: depression

text: and

text: from

text: maternity

text: blues

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: form

text: of

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: It

text: often

text: requires

text: hospitalization

text: where

text: treatment

text: is

text: antipsychotic

text: medication

text: mood

text: stabilizers

text: and

text: in

text: cases

text: of

text: strong

text: risk

text: for

text: suicide

text: electroconvulsive

text: therapy

text: Women

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: hospitalized

text: for

text: psychiatric

text: condition

text: immediately

text: after

text: delivery

text: are

text: at

text: much

text: higher

text: risk

text: of

text: suicide

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: year

text: after

text: delivery

text:
Postpartum bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood within the first 24 hours following childbirth. Some have added the requirement that there also be signs or symptoms of low blood volume for the condition to exist. Signs and symptoms may initially include: an increased heart rate, feeling faint upon standing, and an increased breath rate. As more blood is lost the women may feel cold, their blood pressure may drop, and they may become restless or unconscious. The condition can occur up to six weeks following delivery.
The most common cause is poor contraction of the uterus following childbirth. Not all of the placenta being delivered, a tear of the uterus, or poor blood clotting are other possible causes. It occurs more commonly in those who: already have a low amount of red blood, are Asian, with bigger or more than one baby, are obese or are older than 40 years of age. It also occurs more commonly following caesarean sections, those in whom medications are used to start labor, and those who have an episiotomy.
Prevention involves decreasing known risk factors including if possible procedures associated with the condition and giving the medication oxytocin to stimulate the uterus to contract shortly after the baby is born. Misoprostol may be used instead of oxytocin in resource poor settings. Treatments may include: intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, and the medication ergotamine to cause further uterine contraction. Efforts to compress the uterus using the hands may be effective if other treatments do not work. The aorta may also be compressed by pressing on the abdomen. The World Health Organization has recommended non-pneumatic anti-shock garment to help until other measures such as surgery can be carried out.
In the developing world about 1.2% of deliveries are associated with PPH and when PPH occurred about 3% of women died. Globally it results in 44,000 to 86,000 deaths per year making it the leading cause of death during pregnancy. About 0.4 women per 100,000 deliveries die from PPH in the United Kingdom while about 150 women per 100,000 deliveries die in sub-Saharan Africa. Rates of death have decreased substantially since at least the late 1800s in the United Kingdom.
Definition.
Depending on the definition in question, postpartum hemorrhage is defined as more than 500ml following vaginal delivery or 1000ml of blood loss following caesarean section in the first 24 hours following delivery.

text: Postpartum

text: bleeding

text: or

text: postpartum

text: hemorrhage

text: PPH

text: is

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: ml

text: or

text: ml

text: of

text: blood

text: within

text: the

text: first

text: hours

text: following

text: childbirth

text: Some

text: have

text: added

text: the

text: requirement

text: that

text: there

text: also

text: be

text: signs

text: or

text: symptoms

text: of

text: low

text: blood

text: volume

text: for

text: the

text: condition

text: to

text: exist

text: Signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: may

text: initially

text: include

text: an

text: increased

text: heart

text: rate

text: feeling

text: faint

text: upon

text: standing

text: and

text: an

text: increased

text: breath

text: rate

text: As

text: more

text: blood

text: is

text: lost

text: the

text: women

text: may

text: feel

text: cold

text: their

text: blood

text: pressure

text: may

text: drop

text: and

text: they

text: may

text: become

text: restless

text: or

text: unconscious

text: The

text: condition

text: can

text: occur

text: up

text: to

text: six

text: weeks

text: following

text: delivery

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: is

text: poor

text: contraction

text: of

text: the

text: uterus

text: following

text: childbirth

text: Not

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: placenta

text: being

text: delivered

text: tear

text: of

text: the

text: uterus

text: or

text: poor

text: blood

text: clotting

text: are

text: other

text: possible

text: causes

text: It

text: occurs

text: more

text: commonly

text: in

text: those

text: who

text: already

text: have

text: low

text: amount

text: of

text: red

text: blood

text: are

text: Asian

text: with

text: bigger

text: or

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: baby

text: are

text: obese

text: or

text: are

text: older

text: than

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: It

text: also

text: occurs

text: more

text: commonly

text: following

text: caesarean

text: sections

text: those

text: in

text: whom

text: medications

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: start

text: labor

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: an

text: episiotomy

text: Prevention

text: involves

text: decreasing

text: known

text: risk

text: factors

text: including

text: if

text: possible

text: procedures

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: condition

text: and

text: giving

text: the

text: medication

text: oxytocin

text: to

text: stimulate

text: the

text: uterus

text: to

text: contract

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: baby

text: is

text: born

text: Misoprostol

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: instead

text: of

text: oxytocin

text: in

text: resource

text: poor

text: settings

text: Treatments

text: may

text: include

text: intravenous

text: fluids

text: blood

text: transfusions

text: and

text: the

text: medication

text: ergotamine

text: to

text: cause

text: further

text: uterine

text: contraction

text: Efforts

text: to

text: compress

text: the

text: uterus

text: using

text: the

text: hands

text: may

text: be

text: effective

text: if

text: other

text: treatments

text: do

text: not

text: work

text: The

text: aorta

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: compressed

text: by

text: pressing

text: on

text: the

text: abdomen

text: The

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: has

text: recommended

text: non

text: pneumatic

text: anti

text: shock

text: garment

text: to

text: help

text: until

text: other

text: measures

text: such

text: as

text: surgery

text: can

text: be

text: carried

text: out

text: In

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: about

text: of

text: deliveries

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: PPH

text: and

text: when

text: PPH

text: occurred

text: about

text: of

text: women

text: died

text: Globally

text: it

text: results

text: in

text: to

text: deaths

text: per

text: year

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: leading

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: during

text: pregnancy

text: About

text: women

text: per

text: deliveries

text: die

text: from

text: PPH

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: while

text: about

text: women

text: per

text: deliveries

text: die

text: in

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: Rates

text: of

text: death

text: have

text: decreased

text: substantially

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: late

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Definition

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: definition

text: in

text: question

text: postpartum

text: hemorrhage

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: more

text: than

text: following

text: vaginal

text: delivery

text: or

text: of

text: blood

text: loss

text: following

text: caesarean

text: section

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: hours

text: following

text: delivery

text:
Caesarean section, also known as C-section, is the use of surgery to deliver one or more babies. A Caesarean section is often performed when a vaginal delivery would put the baby or mother at risk. This may include obstructed labour, twin pregnancy, high blood pressure in the mother, breech birth, problems with the placenta, umbilical cord or shape of the pelvis, and previous C-section. A trial of vaginal birth in some of these situations, including after C-section, may be possible. Some C-sections are also performed upon request. The World Health Organization recommends that they should be done based on medical need and in many cases they are lifesaving for the mother and baby.
A C-section typically takes 45 minutes to an hour. It may be done with a spinal block such that the woman is awake or under general anesthesia. A urinary catheter is used to drain the bladder and the skin of the abdomen is then cleaned with an antiseptic. An incision of about 15 cm (6 inches) is then typically made through the mother's lower abdomen. The uterus is then opened with a second incision and the baby delivered. The incisions are then stitched closed. A woman can typically begin breastfeeding as soon as she is awake and out of the operating room. Often a number of days are required in hospital to recover sufficiently to return home.
C-sections result in a small overall increase in poor outcomes in low risk pregnancies. They also typically take longer to heal from, about six weeks, than vaginal birth. The increased risks include breathing problems in the baby and amniotic fluid embolism and postpartum bleeding in the mother. Established guidelines recommend that caesarean sections not be used before 39 weeks of pregnancy without a medical reason. The method of delivery does not appear to have an effect on subsequent sexual function.
In 2012, about 23 million C-sections were done globally. The international healthcare community has previously considered the rate of 10% and 15% to be ideal for caesarean sections. Some evidence finds a higher rate of 19% may result in better outcomes. More than 45 countries globally have C-section rates less than 7.5% while more than 50 have rates greater than 27%. There are efforts to both improve access to and reduce the use of C-section. In the United States about 33% of deliveries are by C-section. The surgery has been performed at least as far back as 715 BC following the death of the mother with the occasional baby surviving. Descriptions of mothers surviving date back to the 1500s. With the introduction of antiseptics and anesthetics in the 1800s survival of both the mother and baby became common.

text: Caesarean

text: section

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: section

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: surgery

text: to

text: deliver

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: babies

text: Caesarean

text: section

text: is

text: often

text: performed

text: when

text: vaginal

text: delivery

text: would

text: put

text: the

text: baby

text: or

text: mother

text: at

text: risk

text: This

text: may

text: include

text: obstructed

text: labour

text: twin

text: pregnancy

text: high

text: blood

text: pressure

text: in

text: the

text: mother

text: breech

text: birth

text: problems

text: with

text: the

text: placenta

text: umbilical

text: cord

text: or

text: shape

text: of

text: the

text: pelvis

text: and

text: previous

text: section

text: trial

text: of

text: vaginal

text: birth

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: situations

text: including

text: after

text: section

text: may

text: be

text: possible

text: Some

text: sections

text: are

text: also

text: performed

text: upon

text: request

text: The

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: recommends

text: that

text: they

text: should

text: be

text: done

text: based

text: on

text: medical

text: need

text: and

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: they

text: are

text: lifesaving

text: for

text: the

text: mother

text: and

text: baby

text: section

text: typically

text: takes

text: minutes

text: to

text: an

text: hour

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: done

text: with

text: spinal

text: block

text: such

text: that

text: the

text: woman

text: is

text: awake

text: or

text: under

text: general

text: anesthesia

text: urinary

text: catheter

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: drain

text: the

text: bladder

text: and

text: the

text: skin

text: of

text: the

text: abdomen

text: is

text: then

text: cleaned

text: with

text: an

text: antiseptic

text: An

text: incision

text: of

text: about

text: cm

text: inches

text: is

text: then

text: typically

text: made

text: through

text: the

text: mother

text: 's

text: lower

text: abdomen

text: The

text: uterus

text: is

text: then

text: opened

text: with

text: second

text: incision

text: and

text: the

text: baby

text: delivered

text: The

text: incisions

text: are

text: then

text: stitched

text: closed

text: woman

text: can

text: typically

text: begin

text: breastfeeding

text: as

text: soon

text: as

text: she

text: is

text: awake

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: operating

text: room

text: Often

text: number

text: of

text: days

text: are

text: required

text: in

text: hospital

text: to

text: recover

text: sufficiently

text: to

text: return

text: home

text: sections

text: result

text: in

text: small

text: overall

text: increase

text: in

text: poor

text: outcomes

text: in

text: low

text: risk

text: pregnancies

text: They

text: also

text: typically

text: take

text: longer

text: to

text: heal

text: from

text: about

text: six

text: weeks

text: than

text: vaginal

text: birth

text: The

text: increased

text: risks

text: include

text: breathing

text: problems

text: in

text: the

text: baby

text: and

text: amniotic

text: fluid

text: embolism

text: and

text: postpartum

text: bleeding

text: in

text: the

text: mother

text: Established

text: guidelines

text: recommend

text: that

text: caesarean

text: sections

text: not

text: be

text: used

text: before

text: weeks

text: of

text: pregnancy

text: without

text: medical

text: reason

text: The

text: method

text: of

text: delivery

text: does

text: not

text: appear

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: effect

text: on

text: subsequent

text: sexual

text: function

text: In

text: about

text: million

text: sections

text: were

text: done

text: globally

text: The

text: international

text: healthcare

text: community

text: has

text: previously

text: considered

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: and

text: to

text: be

text: ideal

text: for

text: caesarean

text: sections

text: Some

text: evidence

text: finds

text: higher

text: rate

text: of

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: better

text: outcomes

text: More

text: than

text: countries

text: globally

text: have

text: section

text: rates

text: less

text: than

text: while

text: more

text: than

text: have

text: rates

text: greater

text: than

text: There

text: are

text: efforts

text: to

text: both

text: improve

text: access

text: to

text: and

text: reduce

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: section

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: about

text: of

text: deliveries

text: are

text: by

text: section

text: The

text: surgery

text: has

text: been

text: performed

text: at

text: least

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: BC

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: mother

text: with

text: the

text: occasional

text: baby

text: surviving

text: Descriptions

text: of

text: mothers

text: surviving

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: With

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: antiseptics

text: and

text: anesthetics

text: in

text: the

text: survival

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: mother

text: and

text: baby

text: became

text: common

text: Postpartum depression ( PPD ) , also called postnatal depression , is a type of clinical depression which can affect both sexes after childbirth . Symptoms may include sadness , low energy , changes in sleeping and eating patterns , reduced desire for sex , crying episodes , anxiety , and irritability . While many women experience self - limited , mild symptoms postpartum , postpartum depression should be suspected when symptoms are severe and have lasted over two weeks . In about 1 to 2 per 1,000 , postpartum depression results in postpartum psychosis . Although a number of risk factors have been identified , the causes of PPD are not well understood . Hormonal change is hypothesized to contribute as one cause of postpartum depression . The emotional effects of postpartum depression can include sleep deprivation , anxiety about parenthood and caring for an infant , identity crisis , a feeling of loss of control over life , and anxiety due to lack of support from a romantic or sexual partner . Many women recover with treatment such as a support group , counseling , or medication . Studies report prevalence rates among women from 5 % to 25 % , but methodological differences among the studies make the actual prevalence rate unclear . Among men , in particular new fathers , the incidence of postpartum depression has been estimated to be between 1 % and 25.5 % . In the United States , postpartum depression is one of the leading causes of the murder of children less than one year of age which occurs in about 8 per 100,000 births .

text: Postpartum

text: depression

text: PPD

text: also

text: called

text: postnatal

text: depression

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: clinical

text: depression

text: which

text: can

text: affect

text: both

text: sexes

text: after

text: childbirth

text: Symptoms

text: may

text: include

text: sadness

text: low

text: energy

text: changes

text: in

text: sleeping

text: and

text: eating

text: patterns

text: reduced

text: desire

text: for

text: sex

text: crying

text: episodes

text: anxiety

text: and

text: irritability

text: While

text: many

text: women

text: experience

text: self

text: limited

text: mild

text: symptoms

text: postpartum

text: postpartum

text: depression

text: should

text: be

text: suspected

text: when

text: symptoms

text: are

text: severe

text: and

text: have

text: lasted

text: over

text: two

text: weeks

text: In

text: about

text: to

text: per

text: postpartum

text: depression

text: results

text: in

text: postpartum

text: psychosis

text: Although

text: number

text: of

text: risk

text: factors

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: the

text: causes

text: of

text: PPD

text: are

text: not

text: well

text: understood

text: Hormonal

text: change

text: is

text: hypothesized

text: to

text: contribute

text: as

text: one

text: cause

text: of

text: postpartum

text: depression

text: The

text: emotional

text: effects

text: of

text: postpartum

text: depression

text: can

text: include

text: sleep

text: deprivation

text: anxiety

text: about

text: parenthood

text: and

text: caring

text: for

text: an

text: infant

text: identity

text: crisis

text: feeling

text: of

text: loss

text: of

text: control

text: over

text: life

text: and

text: anxiety

text: due

text: to

text: lack

text: of

text: support

text: from

text: romantic

text: or

text: sexual

text: partner

text: Many

text: women

text: recover

text: with

text: treatment

text: such

text: as

text: support

text: group

text: counseling

text: or

text: medication

text: Studies

text: report

text: prevalence

text: rates

text: among

text: women

text: from

text: to

text: but

text: methodological

text: differences

text: among

text: the

text: studies

text: make

text: the

text: actual

text: prevalence

text: rate

text: unclear

text: Among

text: men

text: in

text: particular

text: new

text: fathers

text: the

text: incidence

text: of

text: postpartum

text: depression

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: between

text: and

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: postpartum

text: depression

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: causes

text: of

text: the

text: murder

text: of

text: children

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: year

text: of

text: age

text: which

text: occurs

text: in

text: about

text: per

text: births

annotations: likely multiple

question: medical_specialty postpartum depression

answer: psychiatry

text: psychiatry


text: Joel Chandler Harris (December 9, 1848  July 3, 1908) was an American journalist, fiction writer, and folklorist best known for his collection of Uncle Remus stories. Harris was born in Eatonton, Georgia, where he served as an apprentice on a plantation during his teenage years. He spent the majority of his adult life in Atlanta working as an associate editor at the "Atlanta Constitution".

text: Joel

text: Chandler

text: Harris

text: December

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: journalist

text: fiction

text: writer

text: and

text: folklorist

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: collection

text: of

text: Uncle

text: Remus

text: stories

text: Harris

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Eatonton

text: Georgia

text: where

text: he

text: served

text: as

text: an

text: apprentice

text: on

text: plantation

text: during

text: his

text: teenage

text: years

text: He

text: spent

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: his

text: adult

text: life

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: working

text: as

text: an

text: associate

text: editor

text: at

text: the

text: Atlanta

text: Constitution

text: Ruth Elizabeth Warrick (June 29, 1916  January 15, 2005), DM, was an American singer, actress and political activist, best known for her role as Phoebe Tyler Wallingford on "All My Children", which she played regularly from 1970 until her death in 2005. At the time of her death she was twenty-second on the all-time list of longest-serving soap opera actors in the United States.

text: Ruth

text: Elizabeth

text: Warrick

text: June

text: January

text: DM

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: actress

text: and

text: political

text: activist

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: role

text: as

text: Phoebe

text: Tyler

text: Wallingford

text: on

text: All

text: My

text: Children

text: which

text: she

text: played

text: regularly

text: from

text: until

text: her

text: death

text: in

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: her

text: death

text: she

text: was

text: twenty

text: second

text: on

text: the

text: all

text: time

text: list

text: of

text: longest

text: serving

text: soap

text: opera

text: actors

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Br'er Rabbit (Brother Rabbit), also spelled Bre'r Rabbit or Brer Rabbit or Bruh Rabbit, is a central figure as Uncle Remus tells stories of the Southern United States. Br'er Rabbit is a trickster who succeeds by his wits rather than by brawn, provoking authority figures and bending social mores as he sees fit. The Walt Disney Company later adapted this character for its 1946 animated motion picture "Song of the South".

text: Br'er

text: Rabbit

text: Brother

text: Rabbit

text: also

text: spelled

text: Bre'r

text: Rabbit

text: or

text: Brer

text: Rabbit

text: or

text: Bruh

text: Rabbit

text: is

text: central

text: figure

text: as

text: Uncle

text: Remus

text: tells

text: stories

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: United

text: States

text: Br'er

text: Rabbit

text: is

text: trickster

text: who

text: succeeds

text: by

text: his

text: wits

text: rather

text: than

text: by

text: brawn

text: provoking

text: authority

text: figures

text: and

text: bending

text: social

text: mores

text: as

text: he

text: sees

text: fit

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: later

text: adapted

text: this

text: character

text: for

text: its

text: animated

text: motion

text: picture

text: Song

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Thomas Sterling North (November 4, 1906  December 21, 1974), who used Sterling North professionally, was an American writer. He is best known for the children's novel "Rascal", a bestseller in 1963.

text: Thomas

text: Sterling

text: North

text: November

text: December

text: who

text: used

text: Sterling

text: North

text: professionally

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: writer

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: children

text: 's

text: novel

text: Rascal

text: bestseller

text: in

text: Splash Mountain is a log flume with some dark ride scenes at Disneyland, Tokyo Disneyland, and the Magic Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort, based on the characters, stories, and songs from the 1946 Disney film "Song of the South". Although there are variations in the story and features between the three locations, each installation begins with a peaceful outdoor float-through that leads to indoor dark ride segments, with a climactic steep drop into a "briar patch" followed by an indoor finale. The drop is .

text: Splash

text: Mountain

text: is

text: log

text: flume

text: with

text: some

text: dark

text: ride

text: scenes

text: at

text: Disneyland

text: Tokyo

text: Disneyland

text: and

text: the

text: Magic

text: Kingdom

text: at

text: the

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: World

text: Resort

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: characters

text: stories

text: and

text: songs

text: from

text: the

text: Disney

text: film

text: Song

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Although

text: there

text: are

text: variations

text: in

text: the

text: story

text: and

text: features

text: between

text: the

text: three

text: locations

text: each

text: installation

text: begins

text: with

text: peaceful

text: outdoor

text: float

text: through

text: that

text: leads

text: to

text: indoor

text: dark

text: ride

text: segments

text: with

text: climactic

text: steep

text: drop

text: into

text: briar

text: patch

text: followed

text: by

text: an

text: indoor

text: finale

text: The

text: drop

text: is

text: The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest or simply the Midwest, is one of the four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau, occupying the northern central part of the United States of America. It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984.

text: The

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: American

text: Midwest

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: Midwest

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: geographic

text: regions

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: occupying

text: the

text: northern

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: It

text: was

text: officially

text: named

text: the

text: North

text: Central

text: region

text: by

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: until

text: Chicago (or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States, and the fifth-most populous city in North America. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, and the county seat of Cook County. The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the U.S.

text: Chicago

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: With

text: over

text: million

text: residents

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Illinois

text: and

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Cook

text: County

text: The

text: Chicago

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Chicagoland

text: has

text: nearly

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: The Academy Awards, or "Oscars", is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements in the United States film industry as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname "Oscar." The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS.

text: The

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: or

text: Oscars

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: American

text: awards

text: ceremony

text: hosted

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: AMPAS

text: to

text: recognize

text: excellence

text: in

text: cinematic

text: achievements

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: film

text: industry

text: as

text: assessed

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: 's

text: voting

text: membership

text: The

text: various

text: category

text: winners

text: are

text: awarded

text: copy

text: of

text: statuette

text: officially

text: called

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: of

text: Merit

text: which

text: has

text: become

text: commonly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: nickname

text: Oscar

text: The

text: awards

text: first

text: presented

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: Roosevelt

text: Hotel

text: are

text: overseen

text: by

text: AMPAS

text: Robert Cletus "Bobby" Driscoll (March 3, 1937  March 30, 1968) was an American child actor and artist known for a large body of cinema and TV performances from 1943 to 1960. He starred in some of the Walt Disney Studios' most popular live-action pictures of that period, such as "Song of the South" (1946), "So Dear to My Heart" (1948), and "Treasure Island" (1950). He served as animation model and provided the voice for the title role in "Peter Pan" (1953). In 1950, he received an Academy Juvenile Award for outstanding performance in feature films of 1949, for his roles in "So Dear to My Heart" and "The Window", both released in 1949.

text: Robert

text: Cletus

text: Bobby

text: Driscoll

text: March

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: child

text: actor

text: and

text: artist

text: known

text: for

text: large

text: body

text: of

text: cinema

text: and

text: TV

text: performances

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: starred

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Studios

text: most

text: popular

text: live

text: action

text: pictures

text: of

text: that

text: period

text: such

text: as

text: Song

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: So

text: Dear

text: to

text: My

text: Heart

text: and

text: Treasure

text: Island

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: animation

text: model

text: and

text: provided

text: the

text: voice

text: for

text: the

text: title

text: role

text: in

text: Peter

text: Pan

text: In

text: he

text: received

text: an

text: Academy

text: Juvenile

text: Award

text: for

text: outstanding

text: performance

text: in

text: feature

text: films

text: of

text: for

text: his

text: roles

text: in

text: So

text: Dear

text: to

text: My

text: Heart

text: and

text: The

text: Window

text: both

text: released

text: in

text: Luana Patten (July 6, 1938  May 1, 1996) was an American film actress.

text: Luana

text: Patten

text: July

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: actress

text: So Dear to My Heart is a 1949 feature film produced by Walt Disney , whose world premiere was in Indianapolis on January 19 , 1949 , released by RKO Radio Pictures . Like 1946 's Song of the South , the film combines animation and live action . It is based on the Sterling North book Midnight and Jeremiah .

text: So

text: Dear

text: to

text: My

text: Heart

text: is

text: feature

text: film

text: produced

text: by

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: whose

text: world

text: premiere

text: was

text: in

text: Indianapolis

text: on

text: January

text: released

text: by

text: RKO

text: Radio

text: Pictures

text: Like

text: 's

text: Song

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: the

text: film

text: combines

text: animation

text: and

text: live

text: action

text: It

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Sterling

text: North

text: book

text: Midnight

text: and

text: Jeremiah

text: The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992, 1996, 2005, and again in October 2008. The NFPB's mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, and increased public availability of America's film heritage. The 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector.

text: The

text: National

text: Film

text: Registry

text: NFR

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: National

text: Film

text: Preservation

text: Board

text: 's

text: NFPB

text: selection

text: of

text: films

text: for

text: preservation

text: in

text: the

text: Library

text: of

text: Congress

text: The

text: NFPB

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: Preservation

text: Act

text: of

text: was

text: reauthorized

text: by

text: acts

text: of

text: Congress

text: in

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: October

text: The

text: NFPB

text: 's

text: mission

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: NFR

text: contributes

text: is

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: survival

text: conservation

text: and

text: increased

text: public

text: availability

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: film

text: heritage

text: The

text: law

text: also

text: created

text: the

text: non

text: profit

text: National

text: Film

text: Preservation

text: Foundation

text: which

text: although

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: NFPB

text: raises

text: money

text: from

text: the

text: private

text: sector

text: Lucile Watson (May 27, 1879  June 24, 1962) was a Canadian-American actress. She was "famous for her roles of formidable dowagers."

text: Lucile

text: Watson

text: May

text: June

text: was

text: Canadian

text: American

text: actress

text: She

text: was

text: famous

text: for

text: her

text: roles

text: of

text: formidable

text: dowagers

text: Indianapolis (pronounced ), is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Indiana and the seat of Marion County. It is in the East North Central region of the Midwestern United States. With an estimated population of 853,173 in 2015, Indianapolis is the second most populous city in the Midwest, after Chicago, and 14th largest in the U.S. The city is the economic and cultural center of the Indianapolis metropolitan area, home to 2 million people, the 34th most populous metropolitan statistical area in the U.S. Its combined statistical area ranks 26th, with 2.4 million inhabitants. Indianapolis covers , making it the 16th largest city by land area in the U.S.

text: Indianapolis

text: pronounced

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Indiana

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Marion

text: County

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: North

text: Central

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: Indianapolis

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Midwest

text: after

text: Chicago

text: and

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Indianapolis

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: home

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: statistical

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Its

text: combined

text: statistical

text: area

text: ranks

text: with

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Indianapolis

text: covers

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Song of the South is a 1946 American live-action/animated musical film produced by Walt Disney and released by RKO Radio Pictures, based on the Uncle Remus stories collected by Joel Chandler Harris. The film stars James Baskett in a dual role, Bobby Driscoll, Luana Patten, Glenn Leedy, Ruth Warrick, Lucile Watson, Hattie McDaniel, and the voices of Johnny Lee and Nick Stewart. It was one of the earliest of Disney's films to feature live actors (the first being "The Reluctant Dragon"), who provide a frame story for the animated segments. The film depicts the character Uncle Remus, presumably a former slave, relating to several children, including the film's protagonist, the folk tales of the adventures of anthropomorphic Br'er Rabbit and his enemies, Br'er Fox and Br'er Bear. The film's song "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah" won the 1947 Academy Award for Best Song, is frequently used as part of Disney's montage themes, and has become widely used in popular culture. James Baskett was given an honorary Academy Award in 1948 for his portrayal of Uncle Remus. This marked the first Oscar (although an honorary one) awarded to a black male actor. The film inspired the Disney theme park attraction Splash Mountain.

text: Song

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: is

text: American

text: live

text: action

text: animated

text: musical

text: film

text: produced

text: by

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: and

text: released

text: by

text: RKO

text: Radio

text: Pictures

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Uncle

text: Remus

text: stories

text: collected

text: by

text: Joel

text: Chandler

text: Harris

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: James

text: Baskett

text: in

text: dual

text: role

text: Bobby

text: Driscoll

text: Luana

text: Patten

text: Glenn

text: Leedy

text: Ruth

text: Warrick

text: Lucile

text: Watson

text: Hattie

text: McDaniel

text: and

text: the

text: voices

text: of

text: Johnny

text: Lee

text: and

text: Nick

text: Stewart

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: of

text: Disney

text: 's

text: films

text: to

text: feature

text: live

text: actors

text: the

text: first

text: being

text: The

text: Reluctant

text: Dragon

text: who

text: provide

text: frame

text: story

text: for

text: the

text: animated

text: segments

text: The

text: film

text: depicts

text: the

text: character

text: Uncle

text: Remus

text: presumably

text: former

text: slave

text: relating

text: to

text: several

text: children

text: including

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: protagonist

text: the

text: folk

text: tales

text: of

text: the

text: adventures

text: of

text: anthropomorphic

text: Br'er

text: Rabbit

text: and

text: his

text: enemies

text: Br'er

text: Fox

text: and

text: Br'er

text: Bear

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: song

text: Zip

text: Dee

text: Doo

text: Dah

text: won

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Song

text: is

text: frequently

text: used

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Disney

text: 's

text: montage

text: themes

text: and

text: has

text: become

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: popular

text: culture

text: James

text: Baskett

text: was

text: given

text: an

text: honorary

text: Academy

text: Award

text: in

text: for

text: his

text: portrayal

text: of

text: Uncle

text: Remus

text: This

text: marked

text: the

text: first

text: Oscar

text: although

text: an

text: honorary

text: one

text: awarded

text: to

text: black

text: male

text: actor

text: The

text: film

text: inspired

text: the

text: Disney

text: theme

text: park

text: attraction

text: Splash

text: Mountain

text: Midnight and Jeremiah is a 1943 children's book written by Sterling North and illustrated by Kurt Wiese. It concerns a boy named Jeremiah who adopts a black baby lamb and as the story progresses they share a strong bond. Midnight and Jeremiah was the basis for the 1948 Disney film "So Dear to My Heart".

text: Midnight

text: and

text: Jeremiah

text: is

text: children

text: 's

text: book

text: written

text: by

text: Sterling

text: North

text: and

text: illustrated

text: by

text: Kurt

text: Wiese

text: It

text: concerns

text: boy

text: named

text: Jeremiah

text: who

text: adopts

text: black

text: baby

text: lamb

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: story

text: progresses

text: they

text: share

text: strong

text: bond

text: Midnight

text: and

text: Jeremiah

text: was

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: Disney

text: film

text: So

text: Dear

text: to

text: My

text: Heart

text: Uncle Remus is the fictional title character and narrator of a collection of African-American folktales adapted and compiled by Joel Chandler Harris, published in book form in 1881. A journalist in post-Reconstruction Atlanta, Georgia, Harris produced seven Uncle Remus books.

text: Uncle

text: Remus

text: is

text: the

text: fictional

text: title

text: character

text: and

text: narrator

text: of

text: collection

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: folktales

text: adapted

text: and

text: compiled

text: by

text: Joel

text: Chandler

text: Harris

text: published

text: in

text: book

text: form

text: in

text: journalist

text: in

text: post

text: Reconstruction

text: Atlanta

text: Georgia

text: Harris

text: produced

text: seven

text: Uncle

text: Remus

text: books

text: Hattie McDaniel (June 10, 1895October 26, 1952) was an African American actress, singer-songwriter, and comedian. She is best known for her role as Mammy in "Gone with the Wind" (1939), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, the first Academy Award won by an African American.

text: Hattie

text: McDaniel

text: June

text: was

text: an

text: African

text: American

text: actress

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: comedian

text: She

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: role

text: as

text: Mammy

text: in

text: Gone

text: with

text: the

text: Wind

text: for

text: which

text: she

text: won

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actress

text: the

text: first

text: Academy

text: Award

text: won

text: by

text: an

text: African

text: American

text: Nick Stewart (March 15, 1910  December 18, 2000) was an American television and film actor. Stewart was known for his role as Lightnin' (Willie Jefferson) on the "Amos and Andy" television series.

text: Nick

text: Stewart

text: March

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: and

text: film

text: actor

text: Stewart

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: Lightnin

text: Willie

text: Jefferson

text: on

text: the

text: Amos

text: and

text: Andy

text: television

text: series

text: "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah" is a song composed by Allie Wrubel with lyrics by Ray Gilbert from the Disney 1946 live action and animated movie "Song of the South", sung by James Baskett. For "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah", the film won the Academy Award for Best Original Song and was the second in a long line of Disney songs to win this award, after "When You Wish upon a Star" from "Pinocchio" (1940). In 2004 it finished at number 47 in "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs" survey of top tunes in American cinema.

text: Zip

text: Dee

text: Doo

text: Dah

text: is

text: song

text: composed

text: by

text: Allie

text: Wrubel

text: with

text: lyrics

text: by

text: Ray

text: Gilbert

text: from

text: the

text: Disney

text: live

text: action

text: and

text: animated

text: movie

text: Song

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: sung

text: by

text: James

text: Baskett

text: For

text: Zip

text: Dee

text: Doo

text: Dah

text: the

text: film

text: won

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Original

text: Song

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: in

text: long

text: line

text: of

text: Disney

text: songs

text: to

text: win

text: this

text: award

text: after

text: When

text: You

text: Wish

text: upon

text: Star

text: from

text: Pinocchio

text: In

text: it

text: finished

text: at

text: number

text: in

text: AFI

text: 's

text: Years

text: Songs

text: survey

text: of

text: top

text: tunes

text: in

text: American

text: cinema

text: James Baskett (February 16, 1904  July 9, 1948) was an American actor known for his portrayal of Uncle Remus, singing the song "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah" in the 1946 Disney feature film "Song of the South". In recognition of his warm portrayal of the famous black storyteller he was given an Honorary Academy Award, making him the first black male performer to receive an Oscar.

text: James

text: Baskett

text: February

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: portrayal

text: of

text: Uncle

text: Remus

text: singing

text: the

text: song

text: Zip

text: Dee

text: Doo

text: Dah

text: in

text: the

text: Disney

text: feature

text: film

text: Song

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: In

text: recognition

text: of

text: his

text: warm

text: portrayal

text: of

text: the

text: famous

text: black

text: storyteller

text: he

text: was

text: given

text: an

text: Honorary

text: Academy

text: Award

text: making

text: him

text: the

text: first

text: black

text: male

text: performer

text: to

text: receive

text: an

text: Oscar

text: IndianapolisCarmelAnderson or Indianapolis metropolitan area is an 11-county metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Indiana, as defined by the Office of Management and Budget. The metropolitan area is situated in Central Indiana, within the American Midwest.

text: IndianapolisCarmelAnderson

text: or

text: Indianapolis

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: an

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Indiana

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Office

text: of

text: Management

text: and

text: Budget

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Central

text: Indiana

text: within

text: the

text: American

text: Midwest

text: Walter Elias "Walt" Disney (December 5, 1901December 15, 1966) was an American entrepreneur, animator, voice actor and film producer. A pioneer of the American animation industry, he introduced several developments in the production of cartoons. As a film producer, Disney holds the record for most Academy Awards earned by an individual, having won 22 Oscars from 59 nominations. He was presented with two Golden Globe Special Achievement Awards and an Emmy Award, among other honors. Several of his films are included in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress.

text: Walter

text: Elias

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: entrepreneur

text: animator

text: voice

text: actor

text: and

text: film

text: producer

text: pioneer

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: animation

text: industry

text: he

text: introduced

text: several

text: developments

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: cartoons

text: As

text: film

text: producer

text: Disney

text: holds

text: the

text: record

text: for

text: most

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: earned

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: having

text: won

text: Oscars

text: from

text: nominations

text: He

text: was

text: presented

text: with

text: two

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Special

text: Achievement

text: Awards

text: and

text: an

text: Emmy

text: Award

text: among

text: other

text: honors

text: Several

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: are

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: Registry

text: by

text: the

text: Library

text: of

text: Congress

text: Kurt Wiese (April 22, 1887  May 27, 1974) was a German-born book illustrator. Wiese wrote and illustrated 20 children's books and illustrated another 300 for other authors.

text: Kurt

text: Wiese

text: April

text: May

text: was

text: German

text: born

text: book

text: illustrator

text: Wiese

text: wrote

text: and

text: illustrated

text: children

text: 's

text: books

text: and

text: illustrated

text: another

text: for

text: other

text: authors

text: Indiana is a U.S. state located in the midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America. Indiana is the 38th largest by area and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Indianapolis. Indiana was admitted to the United States as the 19th U.S. state on December 11, 1816.

text: Indiana

text: is

text: U.S.

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: midwestern

text: and

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: regions

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Indiana

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Indianapolis

text: Indiana

text: was

text: admitted

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: on

text: December

question: publication_date so dear to my heart

answer: 1948