text: The Houston Rockets are an American professional basketball team based in Houston, Texas. The Rockets compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member club of the league's Western Conference Southwest Division. The team plays its home games at the Toyota Center, located in downtown Houston. The Rockets have won two NBA championships and four Western Conference titles. The team was established as the San Diego Rockets, an expansion team originally based in San Diego, in 1967. In 1971, the Rockets moved to Houston.

text: The

text: Houston

text: Rockets

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: basketball

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Houston

text: Texas

text: The

text: Rockets

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: as

text: member

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: Western

text: Conference

text: Southwest

text: Division

text: The

text: team

text: plays

text: its

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: the

text: Toyota

text: Center

text: located

text: in

text: downtown

text: Houston

text: The

text: Rockets

text: have

text: won

text: two

text: NBA

text: championships

text: and

text: four

text: Western

text: Conference

text: titles

text: The

text: team

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Rockets

text: an

text: expansion

text: team

text: originally

text: based

text: in

text: San

text: Diego

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Rockets

text: moved

text: to

text: Houston

text: Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials, MJ, is an American retired professional basketball player, businessman, and principal owner and chairman of the Charlotte Hornets. Jordan played 15 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards. His biography on the NBA website states: "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time." Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s.

text: Michael

text: Jeffrey

text: Jordan

text: born

text: February

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: initials

text: MJ

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: retired

text: professional

text: basketball

text: player

text: businessman

text: and

text: principal

text: owner

text: and

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Charlotte

text: Hornets

text: Jordan

text: played

text: seasons

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: for

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Bulls

text: and

text: Washington

text: Wizards

text: His

text: biography

text: on

text: the

text: NBA

text: website

text: states

text: By

text: acclamation

text: Michael

text: Jordan

text: is

text: the

text: greatest

text: basketball

text: player

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Jordan

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: effectively

text: marketed

text: athletes

text: of

text: his

text: generation

text: and

text: was

text: considered

text: instrumental

text: in

text: popularizing

text: the

text: NBA

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: The Boston Celtics are an American professional basketball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Celtics compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member club of the league's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division. Founded in 1946 and one of eight NBA teams (out of 23 total teams) to survive the league's first decade, the team is owned by Boston Basketball Partners LLC. The Celtics play their home games at the TD Garden, which they share with the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Boston Bruins. The franchise's 17 championships are the most of any NBA franchise, and account for 24.3 percent of all NBA championships since the league's founding in 1946. As a percentage of championships won, the Celtics are the most successful franchise to date in the major four traditional North American professional sports leagues.

text: The

text: Boston

text: Celtics

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: basketball

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: The

text: Celtics

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: as

text: member

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: Eastern

text: Conference

text: Atlantic

text: Division

text: Founded

text: in

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: eight

text: NBA

text: teams

text: out

text: of

text: total

text: teams

text: to

text: survive

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: first

text: decade

text: the

text: team

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: Boston

text: Basketball

text: Partners

text: LLC

text: The

text: Celtics

text: play

text: their

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: the

text: TD

text: Garden

text: which

text: they

text: share

text: with

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: NHL

text: 's

text: Boston

text: Bruins

text: The

text: franchise

text: 's

text: championships

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: of

text: any

text: NBA

text: franchise

text: and

text: account

text: for

text: percent

text: of

text: all

text: NBA

text: championships

text: since

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: founding

text: in

text: As

text: percentage

text: of

text: championships

text: won

text: the

text: Celtics

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: franchise

text: to

text: date

text: in

text: the

text: major

text: four

text: traditional

text: North

text: American

text: professional

text: sports

text: leagues

text: Philip Douglas "Phil" Jackson (born September 17, 1945) is an American professional basketball executive, former coach and former player, currently serving as president of the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Jackson was the head coach of the Chicago Bulls from 1989 until 1998, during which Chicago won six NBA championships. His next team, the Los Angeles Lakers, won five championships from 2000 until 2010. In total, Jackson has won 11 NBA titles as a coach, surpassing the previous record of nine set by Red Auerbach. He also won two championships as a player with the Knicks in 1970 and 1973, and holds the NBA record for the most combined championships (13) as a player and a head coach.

text: Philip

text: Douglas

text: Phil

text: Jackson

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: basketball

text: executive

text: former

text: coach

text: and

text: former

text: player

text: currently

text: serving

text: as

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Knicks

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: Jackson

text: was

text: the

text: head

text: coach

text: of

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Bulls

text: from

text: until

text: during

text: which

text: Chicago

text: won

text: six

text: NBA

text: championships

text: His

text: next

text: team

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Lakers

text: won

text: five

text: championships

text: from

text: until

text: In

text: total

text: Jackson

text: has

text: won

text: NBA

text: titles

text: as

text: coach

text: surpassing

text: the

text: previous

text: record

text: of

text: nine

text: set

text: by

text: Red

text: Auerbach

text: He

text: also

text: won

text: two

text: championships

text: as

text: player

text: with

text: the

text: Knicks

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: holds

text: the

text: NBA

text: record

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: combined

text: championships

text: as

text: player

text: and

text: head

text: coach

text: Toyota Center is an indoor arena located in downtown Houston, Texas. It is named after the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. The arena is home to the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association, the principal users of the building, and the former home of the Houston Aeros of the American Hockey League.

text: Toyota

text: Center

text: is

text: an

text: indoor

text: arena

text: located

text: in

text: downtown

text: Houston

text: Texas

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Japanese

text: automobile

text: manufacturer

text: Toyota

text: The

text: arena

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Houston

text: Rockets

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: the

text: principal

text: users

text: of

text: the

text: building

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Houston

text: Aeros

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Hockey

text: League

text: John Warren `` Jack '' Marin ( born October 12 , 1944 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . A 201 cm ( 6 - foot , 7 - inch ) guard / forward from Duke University , Marin was named to the 1967 NBA All - Rookie Team and spent 11 seasons in the NBA ( 1966 -- 1977 ) , playing for the Baltimore Bullets , Houston Rockets , Buffalo Braves and Chicago Bulls . The left - handed Marin was a two - time All - Star and scored 12,541 points in his career . He is perhaps most remembered for being traded to the Houston Rockets ( along with future considerations ) for Elvin Hayes . He led the NBA in free throw percentage during the 1971 - 72 NBA season . After retiring from the NBA , Marin entered Duke University Law School and graduated with his Juris Doctor in 1980 . Presently ( 2006 ) , he is a partner in the Richmond , Virginia - based law firm of Williams Mullen where he focuses his practice on sports law . He acts as outside counsel to the National Basketball Retired Players Association , and also represents basketball players performing abroad . Marin served for three years ( 1998 -- 2000 ) as the executive director of the Celebrity Players Tour , a professional golf circuit for notable ex-pro athletes and entertainers . During his tenure , the tour grew from five to 15 events that support various charities around the country . He has been a playing member and has served on its board of directors.Marin is currently involved with the United States Marine Corps and Hope For The Warriors , a non-profit based out of Jacksonville , N.C. He teaches golf and other sports activities to United States Marines who were severely wounded in combat . Marin has been elected to the North Carolina , Pennsylvania and Duke Sports halls of fame . He currently serves on the Be Active North Carolina Campaign Cabinet . Marin was valedictorian of his high school class at Farrell High School .

text: John

text: Warren

text: Jack

text: Marin

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: retired

text: American

text: professional

text: basketball

text: player

text: cm

text: foot

text: inch

text: guard

text: forward

text: from

text: Duke

text: University

text: Marin

text: was

text: named

text: to

text: the

text: NBA

text: All

text: Rookie

text: Team

text: and

text: spent

text: seasons

text: in

text: the

text: NBA

text: playing

text: for

text: the

text: Baltimore

text: Bullets

text: Houston

text: Rockets

text: Buffalo

text: Braves

text: and

text: Chicago

text: Bulls

text: The

text: left

text: handed

text: Marin

text: was

text: two

text: time

text: All

text: Star

text: and

text: scored

text: points

text: in

text: his

text: career

text: He

text: is

text: perhaps

text: most

text: remembered

text: for

text: being

text: traded

text: to

text: the

text: Houston

text: Rockets

text: along

text: with

text: future

text: considerations

text: for

text: Elvin

text: Hayes

text: He

text: led

text: the

text: NBA

text: in

text: free

text: throw

text: percentage

text: during

text: the

text: NBA

text: season

text: After

text: retiring

text: from

text: the

text: NBA

text: Marin

text: entered

text: Duke

text: University

text: Law

text: School

text: and

text: graduated

text: with

text: his

text: Juris

text: Doctor

text: in

text: Presently

text: he

text: is

text: partner

text: in

text: the

text: Richmond

text: Virginia

text: based

text: law

text: firm

text: of

text: Williams

text: Mullen

text: where

text: he

text: focuses

text: his

text: practice

text: on

text: sports

text: law

text: He

text: acts

text: as

text: outside

text: counsel

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Retired

text: Players

text: Association

text: and

text: also

text: represents

text: basketball

text: players

text: performing

text: abroad

text: Marin

text: served

text: for

text: three

text: years

text: as

text: the

text: executive

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Celebrity

text: Players

text: Tour

text: professional

text: golf

text: circuit

text: for

text: notable

text: ex

text: pro

text: athletes

text: and

text: entertainers

text: During

text: his

text: tenure

text: the

text: tour

text: grew

text: from

text: five

text: to

text: events

text: that

text: support

text: various

text: charities

text: around

text: the

text: country

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: playing

text: member

text: and

text: has

text: served

text: on

text: its

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: Marin

text: is

text: currently

text: involved

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: and

text: Hope

text: For

text: The

text: Warriors

text: non

text: profit

text: based

text: out

text: of

text: Jacksonville

text: N.C.

text: He

text: teaches

text: golf

text: and

text: other

text: sports

text: activities

text: to

text: United

text: States

text: Marines

text: who

text: were

text: severely

text: wounded

text: in

text: combat

text: Marin

text: has

text: been

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: Duke

text: Sports

text: halls

text: of

text: fame

text: He

text: currently

text: serves

text: on

text: the

text: Be

text: Active

text: North

text: Carolina

text: Campaign

text: Cabinet

text: Marin

text: was

text: valedictorian

text: of

text: his

text: high

text: school

text: class

text: at

text: Farrell

text: High

text: School

text: The 196263 NBA season was the 17th season of the National Basketball Association. The season ended with the Boston Celtics winning their 5th straight NBA Championship, beating the Los Angeles Lakers 4 games to 2 in the NBA Finals.

text: The

text: NBA

text: season

text: was

text: the

text: season

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: The

text: season

text: ended

text: with

text: the

text: Boston

text: Celtics

text: winning

text: their

text: straight

text: NBA

text: Championship

text: beating

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Lakers

text: games

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: NBA

text: Finals

text: United Center is an indoor sports arena located in the Near West Side neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The United Center is home to both the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). The arena is named after its city-based corporate sponsor, United Airlines.

text: United

text: Center

text: is

text: an

text: indoor

text: sports

text: arena

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Near

text: West

text: Side

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: The

text: United

text: Center

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Bulls

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: and

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Blackhawks

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: NHL

text: The

text: arena

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: its

text: city

text: based

text: corporate

text: sponsor

text: United

text: Airlines

text: The Buffalo Braves were an American professional basketball franchise based in Buffalo, New York. The Braves competed in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member club of the league's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division from 1970 until 1978. In 1978, Braves owner John Y. Brown, Jr. swapped franchises with then-Boston Celtics owner Irv Levin, who then moved the team to San Diego, where it was renamed the San Diego Clippers. The franchise moved to Los Angeles in 1984, and is now known as the Los Angeles Clippers.

text: The

text: Buffalo

text: Braves

text: were

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: basketball

text: franchise

text: based

text: in

text: Buffalo

text: New

text: York

text: The

text: Braves

text: competed

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: as

text: member

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: Eastern

text: Conference

text: Atlantic

text: Division

text: from

text: until

text: In

text: Braves

text: owner

text: John

text: Brown

text: Jr.

text: swapped

text: franchises

text: with

text: then

text: Boston

text: Celtics

text: owner

text: Irv

text: Levin

text: who

text: then

text: moved

text: the

text: team

text: to

text: San

text: Diego

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: San

text: Diego

text: Clippers

text: The

text: franchise

text: moved

text: to

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Clippers

text: Scottie Maurice Pippen (born September 25, 1965) is an American retired professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association. Nicknamed "Pip", he is most remembered for his time with the Chicago Bulls, the team with which he won six NBA titles. Pippen, along with Michael Jordan, played an important role in transforming the Bulls team into a championship team and for popularizing the NBA around the world during the 1990s.

text: Scottie

text: Maurice

text: Pippen

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: retired

text: professional

text: basketball

text: player

text: who

text: played

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: Nicknamed

text: Pip

text: he

text: is

text: most

text: remembered

text: for

text: his

text: time

text: with

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Bulls

text: the

text: team

text: with

text: which

text: he

text: won

text: six

text: NBA

text: titles

text: Pippen

text: along

text: with

text: Michael

text: Jordan

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: transforming

text: the

text: Bulls

text: team

text: into

text: championship

text: team

text: and

text: for

text: popularizing

text: the

text: NBA

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: during

text: the

text: The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago. The Bulls compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member club of the league's Eastern Conference Central Division. The team was founded on January 16, 1966. The team plays its home games at the United Center, an arena shared with the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Bulls saw their greatest success during the 1990s. They are known for having one of the NBA's greatest dynasties, winning six NBA championships between 1991 and 1998 with two three-peats. All six championship teams were led by Hall of Famers Michael Jordan, Scottie Pippen and coach Phil Jackson. The Bulls are the only NBA franchise to win multiple championships and never lose an NBA Finals series in their history.

text: The

text: Chicago

text: Bulls

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: basketball

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Chicago

text: The

text: Bulls

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: as

text: member

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: Eastern

text: Conference

text: Central

text: Division

text: The

text: team

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: January

text: The

text: team

text: plays

text: its

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: the

text: United

text: Center

text: an

text: arena

text: shared

text: with

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Blackhawks

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: NHL

text: The

text: Bulls

text: saw

text: their

text: greatest

text: success

text: during

text: the

text: They

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: having

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: NBA

text: 's

text: greatest

text: dynasties

text: winning

text: six

text: NBA

text: championships

text: between

text: and

text: with

text: two

text: three

text: peats

text: All

text: six

text: championship

text: teams

text: were

text: led

text: by

text: Hall

text: of

text: Famers

text: Michael

text: Jordan

text: Scottie

text: Pippen

text: and

text: coach

text: Phil

text: Jackson

text: The

text: Bulls

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: NBA

text: franchise

text: to

text: win

text: multiple

text: championships

text: and

text: never

text: lose

text: an

text: NBA

text: Finals

text: series

text: in

text: their

text: history

text: The Los Angeles Clippers, often abbreviated as the LA Clippers, are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles. The Clippers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member club of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Clippers play their home games at Staples Center in downtown Los Angeles, an arena shared with the Los Angeles Lakers of the NBA, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA), and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League (NHL).

text: The

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Clippers

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: the

text: LA

text: Clippers

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: basketball

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: The

text: Clippers

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: as

text: member

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: Western

text: Conference

text: Pacific

text: Division

text: The

text: Clippers

text: play

text: their

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: Staples

text: Center

text: in

text: downtown

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: an

text: arena

text: shared

text: with

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Lakers

text: of

text: the

text: NBA

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Sparks

text: of

text: the

text: Women

text: 's

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: WNBA

text: and

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Kings

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: NHL

text:
Three-peat is a term used primarily in American sports to refer to winning three consecutive championships. The term, a portmanteau of the words "three" and "repeat", originated with the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association, during their unsuccessful campaign for a third consecutive championship during the 198889 season, having won the previous 2 NBA Finals in 1987 and 1988 against the Boston Celtics and Detroit Pistons, but were swept by the Pistons in the 1989 NBA Finals. The term is a registered trademark owned by Pat Riley, the Lakers' head coach from 19811990, although it was coined by L.A. player Byron Scott immediately after their victorious championship defense against the Detroit Pistons in the 1988 NBA Finals.
Origin and trademark.
In a comedic context, the same play on words, additionally incorporating the name "Pete", is known to have been used as early as 1930 on the radio program "Empire Builders". The episode of that program broadcast on December 29, 1930, featured a trio of singers dubbed "The Three Visiting Firemen: Pete, Re-Pete, and Three-Pete".

text: Three

text: peat

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: primarily

text: in

text: American

text: sports

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: winning

text: three

text: consecutive

text: championships

text: The

text: term

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: the

text: words

text: three

text: and

text: repeat

text: originated

text: with

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Lakers

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: during

text: their

text: unsuccessful

text: campaign

text: for

text: third

text: consecutive

text: championship

text: during

text: the

text: season

text: having

text: won

text: the

text: previous

text: NBA

text: Finals

text: in

text: and

text: against

text: the

text: Boston

text: Celtics

text: and

text: Detroit

text: Pistons

text: but

text: were

text: swept

text: by

text: the

text: Pistons

text: in

text: the

text: NBA

text: Finals

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: registered

text: trademark

text: owned

text: by

text: Pat

text: Riley

text: the

text: Lakers

text: head

text: coach

text: from

text: although

text: it

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: L.A.

text: player

text: Byron

text: Scott

text: immediately

text: after

text: their

text: victorious

text: championship

text: defense

text: against

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Pistons

text: in

text: the

text: NBA

text: Finals

text: Origin

text: and

text: trademark

text: In

text: comedic

text: context

text: the

text: same

text: play

text: on

text: words

text: additionally

text: incorporating

text: the

text: name

text: Pete

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: on

text: the

text: radio

text: program

text: Empire

text: Builders

text: The

text: episode

text: of

text: that

text: program

text: broadcast

text: on

text: December

text: featured

text: trio

text: of

text: singers

text: dubbed

text: The

text: Three

text: Visiting

text: Firemen

text: Pete

text: Re

text: Pete

text: and

text: Three

text: Pete

text: The NBA All-Rookie Team is an annual National Basketball Association (NBA) honor given since the 196263 NBA season to the top rookies during the regular season. Voting is conducted by the NBA head coaches; who are not allowed to vote for players on their own team. The All-Rookie Team is generally composed of two five-man lineups, a first team and a second team. The players each receive two points for each first team vote and one point for each second team vote. The top five players with the highest point total make the first team, with the next five making the second team. In the case of a tie at the fifth position of either team, the roster is expanded. If the first team consists of six players due to a tie, the second team will still consist of five players with the potential for more expansion in the event of additional ties. Ties have occurred several times, most recently in 2012, when Kawhi Leonard, Iman Shumpert, and Brandon Knight tied in votes received. No respect is given to positions. For example, the first team had four forwards, and one guard in 2008, while the first team had four centers (two of which were forward-centers) and one guard in 2015.

text: The

text: NBA

text: All

text: Rookie

text: Team

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: National

text: Basketball

text: Association

text: NBA

text: honor

text: given

text: since

text: the

text: NBA

text: season

text: to

text: the

text: top

text: rookies

text: during

text: the

text: regular

text: season

text: Voting

text: is

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: NBA

text: head

text: coaches

text: who

text: are

text: not

text: allowed

text: to

text: vote

text: for

text: players

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: team

text: The

text: All

text: Rookie

text: Team

text: is

text: generally

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: five

text: man

text: lineups

text: first

text: team

text: and

text: second

text: team

text: The

text: players

text: each

text: receive

text: two

text: points

text: for

text: each

text: first

text: team

text: vote

text: and

text: one

text: point

text: for

text: each

text: second

text: team

text: vote

text: The

text: top

text: five

text: players

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: total

text: make

text: the

text: first

text: team

text: with

text: the

text: next

text: five

text: making

text: the

text: second

text: team

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: tie

text: at

text: the

text: fifth

text: position

text: of

text: either

text: team

text: the

text: roster

text: is

text: expanded

text: If

text: the

text: first

text: team

text: consists

text: of

text: six

text: players

text: due

text: to

text: tie

text: the

text: second

text: team

text: will

text: still

text: consist

text: of

text: five

text: players

text: with

text: the

text: potential

text: for

text: more

text: expansion

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: additional

text: ties

text: Ties

text: have

text: occurred

text: several

text: times

text: most

text: recently

text: in

text: when

text: Kawhi

text: Leonard

text: Iman

text: Shumpert

text: and

text: Brandon

text: Knight

text: tied

text: in

text: votes

text: received

text: No

text: respect

text: is

text: given

text: to

text: positions

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: first

text: team

text: had

text: four

text: forwards

text: and

text: one

text: guard

text: in

text: while

text: the

text: first

text: team

text: had

text: four

text: centers

text: two

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: forward

text: centers

text: and

text: one

text: guard

text: in

text: The Chicago Blackhawks (spelled Black Hawks until 1986, and known colloquially as the Hawks) are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Central Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). They have won six Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926. The Blackhawks are one of the "Original Six" NHL teams along with the Detroit Red Wings, Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Maple Leafs, Boston Bruins and New York Rangers. Since , the club's home rink is the United Center. The club had previously played for 65 years at Chicago Stadium.

text: The

text: Chicago

text: Blackhawks

text: spelled

text: Black

text: Hawks

text: until

text: and

text: known

text: colloquially

text: as

text: the

text: Hawks

text: are

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: They

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Division

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Conference

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: NHL

text: They

text: have

text: won

text: six

text: Stanley

text: Cup

text: championships

text: since

text: their

text: founding

text: in

text: The

text: Blackhawks

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Original

text: Six

text: NHL

text: teams

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Detroit

text: Red

text: Wings

text: Montreal

text: Canadiens

text: Toronto

text: Maple

text: Leafs

text: Boston

text: Bruins

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: Rangers

text: Since

text: the

text: club

text: 's

text: home

text: rink

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: Center

text: The

text: club

text: had

text: previously

text: played

text: for

text: years

text: at

text: Chicago

text: Stadium

question: drafted_by jack marin

answer: washington wizards

text: washington wizards


text: Harold Rudolf Foster (August 16, 1892  July 25, 1982), better known as Hal Foster, was a Canadian-American comic book artist and writer best known as the creator of the comic strip "Prince Valiant". His drawing style is noted for a high level of draftsmanship and attention to detail.

text: Harold

text: Rudolf

text: Foster

text: August

text: July

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Hal

text: Foster

text: was

text: Canadian

text: American

text: comic

text: book

text: artist

text: and

text: writer

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: comic

text: strip

text: Prince

text: Valiant

text: His

text: drawing

text: style

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: draftsmanship

text: and

text: attention

text: to

text: detail

text: Flash Gordon is the hero of a space opera adventure comic strip created by and originally drawn by Alex Raymond. First published January 7, 1934, the strip was inspired by and created to compete with the already established "Buck Rogers" adventure strip.

text: Flash

text: Gordon

text: is

text: the

text: hero

text: of

text: space

text: opera

text: adventure

text: comic

text: strip

text: created

text: by

text: and

text: originally

text: drawn

text: by

text: Alex

text: Raymond

text: First

text: published

text: January

text: the

text: strip

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: and

text: created

text: to

text: compete

text: with

text: the

text: already

text: established

text: Buck

text: Rogers

text: adventure

text: strip

text:
Jungle Jim is the fictional hero of a series of jungle adventures in various media. The series began in 1934 as an American newspaper comic strip chronicling the adventures of Asia-based hunter Jim Bradley, who was nicknamed Jungle Jim. The character also trekked through radio, film, comic book and television adaptations. Notable was a series of films and television episodes in which Johnny Weismuller portrayed the safari-suit wearing character, after hanging up his Tarzan loincloth. The strip was created by King Features Syndicate in order to
compete with the popular United Feature Syndicate comic strip "Tarzan", by Hal Foster.
Characters and story.
Illustrator Alex Raymond and pulp magazine author Don Moore created the original strip as a topper to run above Raymond's "Flash Gordon". "Jungle Jim" and "Flash Gordon" were launched simultaneously on January 7, 1934.

text: Jungle

text: Jim

text: is

text: the

text: fictional

text: hero

text: of

text: series

text: of

text: jungle

text: adventures

text: in

text: various

text: media

text: The

text: series

text: began

text: in

text: as

text: an

text: American

text: newspaper

text: comic

text: strip

text: chronicling

text: the

text: adventures

text: of

text: Asia

text: based

text: hunter

text: Jim

text: Bradley

text: who

text: was

text: nicknamed

text: Jungle

text: Jim

text: The

text: character

text: also

text: trekked

text: through

text: radio

text: film

text: comic

text: book

text: and

text: television

text: adaptations

text: Notable

text: was

text: series

text: of

text: films

text: and

text: television

text: episodes

text: in

text: which

text: Johnny

text: Weismuller

text: portrayed

text: the

text: safari

text: suit

text: wearing

text: character

text: after

text: hanging

text: up

text: his

text: Tarzan

text: loincloth

text: The

text: strip

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: King

text: Features

text: Syndicate

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: compete

text: with

text: the

text: popular

text: United

text: Feature

text: Syndicate

text: comic

text: strip

text: Tarzan

text: by

text: Hal

text: Foster

text: Characters

text: and

text: story

text: Illustrator

text: Alex

text: Raymond

text: and

text: pulp

text: magazine

text: author

text: Don

text: Moore

text: created

text: the

text: original

text: strip

text: as

text: topper

text: to

text: run

text: above

text: Raymond

text: 's

text: Flash

text: Gordon

text: Jungle

text: Jim

text: and

text: Flash

text: Gordon

text: were

text: launched

text: simultaneously

text: on

text: January

text: Jungle Jim in the Forbidden Land is a black and white 1952 Adventure film directed by Lew Landers and written by Samuel Newman . This was the eighth entry in Columbia 's `` Jungle Jim '' series .

text: Jungle

text: Jim

text: in

text: the

text: Forbidden

text: Land

text: is

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: Adventure

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Lew

text: Landers

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Samuel

text: Newman

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: eighth

text: entry

text: in

text: Columbia

text: 's

text: Jungle

text: Jim

text: series

text: Tarzan (John Clayton, Viscount Greystoke) is a fictional character, an archetypal feral child raised in the African jungle by the "Mangani" great apes; he later experiences civilization only to largely reject it and return to the wild as a heroic adventurer. Created by Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan first appeared in the novel "Tarzan of the Apes" (magazine publication 1912, book publication 1914), and subsequently in twenty-five sequels, several authorized books by other authors, and innumerable works in other media, both authorized and unauthorized.

text: Tarzan

text: John

text: Clayton

text: Viscount

text: Greystoke

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: an

text: archetypal

text: feral

text: child

text: raised

text: in

text: the

text: African

text: jungle

text: by

text: the

text: Mangani

text: great

text: apes

text: he

text: later

text: experiences

text: civilization

text: only

text: to

text: largely

text: reject

text: it

text: and

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: wild

text: as

text: heroic

text: adventurer

text: Created

text: by

text: Edgar

text: Rice

text: Burroughs

text: Tarzan

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: novel

text: Tarzan

text: of

text: the

text: Apes

text: magazine

text: publication

text: book

text: publication

text: and

text: subsequently

text: in

text: twenty

text: five

text: sequels

text: several

text: authorized

text: books

text: by

text: other

text: authors

text: and

text: innumerable

text: works

text: in

text: other

text: media

text: both

text: authorized

text: and

text: unauthorized

annotations: likely multiple

question: screenwriter jungle jim in the forbidden land

answer: alex raymond

text: alex raymond

text: alex raymond


text: The House of Artois was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, descended from Louis VIII the Lion, King of France, through his younger son, Robert (1216  1250). Robert received the County of Artois as appanage in his father's will.

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Artois

text: was

text: cadet

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Capetian

text: dynasty

text: descended

text: from

text: Louis

text: VIII

text: the

text: Lion

text: King

text: of

text: France

text: through

text: his

text: younger

text: son

text: Robert

text: Robert

text: received

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Artois

text: as

text: appanage

text: in

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: will

text:
A queen regnant (plural: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank to a king, who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king, or a queen regent, who is the guardian of a child monarch reigning temporarily in their stead.
An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire.

text: queen

text: regnant

text: plural

text: queens

text: regnant

text: is

text: female

text: monarch

text: equivalent

text: in

text: rank

text: to

text: king

text: who

text: reigns

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: right

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: queen

text: consort

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: reigning

text: king

text: or

text: queen

text: regent

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: guardian

text: of

text: child

text: monarch

text: reigning

text: temporarily

text: in

text: their

text: stead

text: An

text: empress

text: regnant

text: is

text: female

text: monarch

text: who

text: reigns

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: right

text: over

text: an

text: empire

text: Blanche of Artois (Basque: Zuria Artoiskoa) (1248  2 May 1302) was a member of the Capetian House of Artois who, as queen dowager, held regency over the Kingdom of Navarre and the County of Champagne. She was first married to Henry I of Navarre, after whose death she became regent in the name of their infant daughter, Joan I. She passed on the regency of Navarre to Philip III of France, her cousin and her daughter's prospective father-in-law, but retained the administration of Champagne. She later shared the government of Champagne with her second husband, the English prince Edmund Crouchback, until her daughter reached the age of majority.

text: Blanche

text: of

text: Artois

text: Basque

text: Zuria

text: Artoiskoa

text: May

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Capetian

text: House

text: of

text: Artois

text: who

text: as

text: queen

text: dowager

text: held

text: regency

text: over

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Navarre

text: and

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Champagne

text: She

text: was

text: first

text: married

text: to

text: Henry

text: of

text: Navarre

text: after

text: whose

text: death

text: she

text: became

text: regent

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: their

text: infant

text: daughter

text: Joan

text: She

text: passed

text: on

text: the

text: regency

text: of

text: Navarre

text: to

text: Philip

text: III

text: of

text: France

text: her

text: cousin

text: and

text: her

text: daughter

text: 's

text: prospective

text: father

text: in

text: law

text: but

text: retained

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: Champagne

text: She

text: later

text: shared

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Champagne

text: with

text: her

text: second

text: husband

text: the

text: English

text: prince

text: Edmund

text: Crouchback

text: until

text: her

text: daughter

text: reached

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: majority

text: The Count of Champagne was the ruler of the region of Champagne from 950 to 1316. Champagne evolved from the county of Troyes in the late eleventh century and Hugh I was the first to officially use the title "Count of Champagne".

text: The

text: Count

text: of

text: Champagne

text: was

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Champagne

text: from

text: to

text: Champagne

text: evolved

text: from

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Troyes

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: eleventh

text: century

text: and

text: Hugh

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: officially

text: use

text: the

text: title

text: Count

text: of

text: Champagne

text: An empire is defined as "an aggregate of nations or people ruled over by an emperor or other powerful sovereign or government, usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, French Empire, Brazilian Empire, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Byzantine Empire or Roman Empire." An empire can be made solely of contiguous territories such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, or of territories far remote from the homeland, such as a colonial empire.

text: An

text: empire

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: an

text: aggregate

text: of

text: nations

text: or

text: people

text: ruled

text: over

text: by

text: an

text: emperor

text: or

text: other

text: powerful

text: sovereign

text: or

text: government

text: usually

text: territory

text: of

text: greater

text: extent

text: than

text: kingdom

text: as

text: the

text: former

text: British

text: Empire

text: French

text: Empire

text: Brazilian

text: Empire

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: or

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: An

text: empire

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: solely

text: of

text: contiguous

text: territories

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: or

text: of

text: territories

text: far

text: remote

text: from

text: the

text: homeland

text: such

text: as

text: colonial

text: empire

text: Joan I ( 14 January 1273 -- 31 March / 2 April 1305 ) , the daughter of King Henry I of Navarre and Blanche of Artois , reigned as queen regnant of Navarre and also served as queen consort to Philip IV of France .

text: Joan

text: January

text: March

text: April

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: King

text: Henry

text: of

text: Navarre

text: and

text: Blanche

text: of

text: Artois

text: reigned

text: as

text: queen

text: regnant

text: of

text: Navarre

text: and

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: queen

text: consort

text: to

text: Philip

text: IV

text: of

text: France

text: Philip IV (AprilJune 1268  29 November 1314), called the Fair or the Iron King, was King of France from 1285 until his death. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also Philip I, King of Navarre from 1284 to 1305. He also briefly ruled the County of Champagne in right of his wife, although after his accession as king in 1285 the county remained under the sole governance of his wife until 1305, and then his son, Louis until 1314.

text: Philip

text: IV

text: AprilJune

text: November

text: called

text: the

text: Fair

text: or

text: the

text: Iron

text: King

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: By

text: virtue

text: of

text: his

text: marriage

text: with

text: Joan

text: of

text: Navarre

text: he

text: was

text: also

text: Philip

text: King

text: of

text: Navarre

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: also

text: briefly

text: ruled

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Champagne

text: in

text: right

text: of

text: his

text: wife

text: although

text: after

text: his

text: accession

text: as

text: king

text: in

text: the

text: county

text: remained

text: under

text: the

text: sole

text: governance

text: of

text: his

text: wife

text: until

text: and

text: then

text: his

text: son

text: Louis

text: until

text: Philip III (30 April 1245  5 October 1285), called the Bold, was King of France from 1270 to 1285, a member of the House of Capet.

text: Philip

text: III

text: April

text: October

text: called

text: the

text: Bold

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: to

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Capet

text: Henry the Fat (Basque: "Henrike I.a, Gizena", French: "Henri le Gros", Spanish: "Enrique el Gordo") (c. 1244  22 July 1274) was King of Navarre (as Henry I) and Count of Champagne and Brie (as Henry III) from 1270 until his death.

text: Henry

text: the

text: Fat

text: Basque

text: Henrike

text: I.a

text: Gizena

text: French

text: Henri

text: le

text: Gros

text: Spanish

text: Enrique

text: el

text: Gordo

text: July

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: Navarre

text: as

text: Henry

text: and

text: Count

text: of

text: Champagne

text: and

text: Brie

text: as

text: Henry

text: III

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: Edmund Crouchback (16 January 1245  5 June 1296), a member of the House of Plantagenet, was the second surviving son of Henry III of England and Eleanor of Provence. In his childhood he had a claim on the Kingdom of Sicily, but he never ruled there. In 1265 he was granted all the lands of Simon de Montfort and from 1267 he was titled Earl of Leicester. In that year he also began to rule Lancashire, but he did not take the title Earl of Lancaster until 1276. Between 1276 and 1284 he governed the counties of Champagne and Brie with his second wife, Blanche of Artois, in the name of her daughter Joan. His nickname, "Crouchback" (meaning "crossed-back"), refers to his participation in the Ninth Crusade.

text: Edmund

text: Crouchback

text: January

text: June

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Plantagenet

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: surviving

text: son

text: of

text: Henry

text: III

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Eleanor

text: of

text: Provence

text: In

text: his

text: childhood

text: he

text: had

text: claim

text: on

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sicily

text: but

text: he

text: never

text: ruled

text: there

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: granted

text: all

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: Simon

text: de

text: Montfort

text: and

text: from

text: he

text: was

text: titled

text: Earl

text: of

text: Leicester

text: In

text: that

text: year

text: he

text: also

text: began

text: to

text: rule

text: Lancashire

text: but

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: take

text: the

text: title

text: Earl

text: of

text: Lancaster

text: until

text: Between

text: and

text: he

text: governed

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Champagne

text: and

text: Brie

text: with

text: his

text: second

text: wife

text: Blanche

text: of

text: Artois

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: her

text: daughter

text: Joan

text: His

text: nickname

text: Crouchback

text: meaning

text: crossed

text: back

text: refers

text: to

text: his

text: participation

text: in

text: the

text: Ninth

text: Crusade

annotations: likely single

annotations: follows single

question: noble_family joan i of navarre

answer: count of champagne

text: count of champagne

text: count of champagne

text: count of champagne


text: Devon (archaically known as Devonshire) is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south. It is part of South West England, bounded by Cornwall to the west, Somerset to the northeast, and Dorset to the east. The City of Exeter is the county town; seven other districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, Torridge, and West Devon are under the jurisdiction of Devon County Council; Plymouth and Torbay are each a part of Devon but administered as unitary authorities. Combined as a ceremonial county, Devon's area is and its population is about 1.1 million.

text: Devon

text: archaically

text: known

text: as

text: Devonshire

text: is

text: county

text: of

text: England

text: reaching

text: from

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: bounded

text: by

text: Cornwall

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Somerset

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Dorset

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Exeter

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: seven

text: other

text: districts

text: of

text: East

text: Devon

text: Mid

text: Devon

text: North

text: Devon

text: South

text: Hams

text: Teignbridge

text: Torridge

text: and

text: West

text: Devon

text: are

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: Devon

text: County

text: Council

text: Plymouth

text: and

text: Torbay

text: are

text: each

text: part

text: of

text: Devon

text: but

text: administered

text: as

text: unitary

text: authorities

text: Combined

text: as

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: Devon

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: and

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: about

text: million

text: Placodermi (from the Greek  = plate and  = skin, literally "plate-skinned") is an extinct class of armoured prehistoric fish, known from fossils, which lived from the Silurian to the end of the Devonian Period. Their head and thorax were covered by articulated armoured plates and the rest of the body was scaled or naked, depending on the species. Placoderms were among the first jawed fish; their jaws likely evolved from the first of their gill arches. Placoderms are paraphyletic, and consist of several distinct outgroups or sister taxa to all living jawed vertebrates, which originated among their ranks. This is illustrated by a 419-million-year-old fossil, "Entelognathus", from China, which is the only known placoderm with a type of bony jaw like that found in modern bony fishes. This includes a dentary bone, which is found in humans and other tetrapods. The jaws in other placoderms were simplified and consisted of a single bone. Placoderms were also the first fish to develop pelvic fins, the precursor to hindlimbs in tetrapods, as well as true teeth. 380-million-year-old fossils of three other genera, "Incistoscutum", "Materpiscis" and "Austroptyctodus", represent the oldest known examples of live birth.

text: Placodermi

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: plate

text: and

text: skin

text: literally

text: plate

text: skinned

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: class

text: of

text: armoured

text: prehistoric

text: fish

text: known

text: from

text: fossils

text: which

text: lived

text: from

text: the

text: Silurian

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Devonian

text: Period

text: Their

text: head

text: and

text: thorax

text: were

text: covered

text: by

text: articulated

text: armoured

text: plates

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: was

text: scaled

text: or

text: naked

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: species

text: Placoderms

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: first

text: jawed

text: fish

text: their

text: jaws

text: likely

text: evolved

text: from

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: their

text: gill

text: arches

text: Placoderms

text: are

text: paraphyletic

text: and

text: consist

text: of

text: several

text: distinct

text: outgroups

text: or

text: sister

text: taxa

text: to

text: all

text: living

text: jawed

text: vertebrates

text: which

text: originated

text: among

text: their

text: ranks

text: This

text: is

text: illustrated

text: by

text: year

text: old

text: fossil

text: Entelognathus

text: from

text: China

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: known

text: placoderm

text: with

text: type

text: of

text: bony

text: jaw

text: like

text: that

text: found

text: in

text: modern

text: bony

text: fishes

text: This

text: includes

text: dentary

text: bone

text: which

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: other

text: tetrapods

text: The

text: jaws

text: in

text: other

text: placoderms

text: were

text: simplified

text: and

text: consisted

text: of

text: single

text: bone

text: Placoderms

text: were

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: fish

text: to

text: develop

text: pelvic

text: fins

text: the

text: precursor

text: to

text: hindlimbs

text: in

text: tetrapods

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: true

text: teeth

text: year

text: old

text: fossils

text: of

text: three

text: other

text: genera

text: Incistoscutum

text: Materpiscis

text: and

text: Austroptyctodus

text: represent

text: the

text: oldest

text: known

text: examples

text: of

text: live

text: birth

text: The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.2 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya. The Ordovician, named after the Celtic tribe of the Ordovices, was defined by Charles Lapworth in 1879 to resolve a dispute between followers of Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison, who were placing the same rock beds in northern Wales into the Cambrian and Silurian periods, respectively. Lapworth, recognized that the fossil fauna in the disputed strata were different from those of either the Cambrian or the Silurian periods, and placed them in a period of their own. It received international sanction in 1960, when it was adopted as an official period of the Paleozoic Era by the International Geological Congress.

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: six

text: periods

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Silurian

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Celtic

text: tribe

text: of

text: the

text: Ordovices

text: was

text: defined

text: by

text: Charles

text: Lapworth

text: in

text: to

text: resolve

text: dispute

text: between

text: followers

text: of

text: Adam

text: Sedgwick

text: and

text: Roderick

text: Murchison

text: who

text: were

text: placing

text: the

text: same

text: rock

text: beds

text: in

text: northern

text: Wales

text: into

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: and

text: Silurian

text: periods

text: respectively

text: Lapworth

text: recognized

text: that

text: the

text: fossil

text: fauna

text: in

text: the

text: disputed

text: strata

text: were

text: different

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: either

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: or

text: the

text: Silurian

text: periods

text: and

text: placed

text: them

text: in

text: period

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: It

text: received

text: international

text: sanction

text: in

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: adopted

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Geological

text: Congress

text: The Cambrian Period (or ) was the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, of the Phanerozoic Eon. The Cambrian lasted 55.6 million years from the end of the preceding Ediacaran Period 541 million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Ordovician Period mya. Its subdivisions, and its base, are somewhat in flux. The period was established (as Cambrian series) by Adam Sedgwick, who named it after Cambria, the Latinised form of "Cymru", the Welsh name for Wales, where Britain's Cambrian rocks are best exposed. The Cambrian is unique in its unusually high proportion of lagerstätte sedimentary deposits, sites of exceptional preservation where "soft" parts of organisms are preserved as well as their more resistant shells. As a result, our understanding of the Cambrian biology surpasses that of some later periods.

text: The

text: Cambrian

text: Period

text: or

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: geological

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: of

text: the

text: Phanerozoic

text: Eon

text: The

text: Cambrian

text: lasted

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: preceding

text: Ediacaran

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Ordovician

text: Period

text: mya

text: Its

text: subdivisions

text: and

text: its

text: base

text: are

text: somewhat

text: in

text: flux

text: The

text: period

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: Cambrian

text: series

text: by

text: Adam

text: Sedgwick

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: after

text: Cambria

text: the

text: Latinised

text: form

text: of

text: Cymru

text: the

text: Welsh

text: name

text: for

text: Wales

text: where

text: Britain

text: 's

text: Cambrian

text: rocks

text: are

text: best

text: exposed

text: The

text: Cambrian

text: is

text: unique

text: in

text: its

text: unusually

text: high

text: proportion

text: of

text: lagerstätte

text: sedimentary

text: deposits

text: sites

text: of

text: exceptional

text: preservation

text: where

text: soft

text: parts

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: preserved

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: their

text: more

text: resistant

text: shells

text: As

text: result

text: our

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: biology

text: surpasses

text: that

text: of

text: some

text: later

text: periods

text: Roderick Impey Murchison, 1st Baronet KCB DCL FRS FRSE FLS PRGS PBA MRIA (22 February 1792  22 October 1871) was a Scottish geologist who first described and investigated the Silurian system.

text: Roderick

text: Impey

text: Murchison

text: Baronet

text: KCB

text: DCL

text: FRS

text: FRSE

text: FLS

text: PRGS

text: PBA

text: MRIA

text: February

text: October

text: was

text: Scottish

text: geologist

text: who

text: first

text: described

text: and

text: investigated

text: the

text: Silurian

text: system

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water.

text: continent

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: very

text: large

text: landmasses

text: on

text: Earth

text: Generally

text: identified

text: by

text: convention

text: rather

text: than

text: any

text: strict

text: criteria

text: up

text: to

text: seven

text: regions

text: are

text: commonly

text: regarded

text: as

text: continents

text: Ordered

text: from

text: largest

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: smallest

text: they

text: are

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: North

text: America

text: South

text: America

text: Antarctica

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: In

text: geology

text: areas

text: of

text: continental

text: crust

text: include

text: regions

text: covered

text: with

text: water

text: FOREST (short for "Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco") is a United Kingdom political pressure group which campaigns against tobacco control activity.

text: FOREST

text: short

text: for

text: Freedom

text: Organisation

text: for

text: the

text: Right

text: to

text: Enjoy

text: Smoking

text: Tobacco

text: is

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: political

text: pressure

text: group

text: which

text: campaigns

text: against

text: tobacco

text: control

text: activity

text:
The Devonian is a geologic period and system of the Paleozoic, spanning 60 million years from the end of the Silurian, million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Carboniferous, Mya. It is named after Devon, England, where rocks from this period were first studied.
The first significant adaptive radiation of life on dry land occurred during the Devonian. Free-sporing vascular plants began to spread across dry land, forming extensive forests which covered the continents. By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared. Various terrestrial arthropods also became well-established. Fish reached substantial diversity during this time, leading the Devonian to often be dubbed the "Age of Fish". The first ray-finned and lobe-finned bony fish appeared, while the placodermi began dominating almost every known aquatic environment.

text: The

text: Devonian

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: spanning

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Silurian

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Carboniferous

text: Mya

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Devon

text: England

text: where

text: rocks

text: from

text: this

text: period

text: were

text: first

text: studied

text: The

text: first

text: significant

text: adaptive

text: radiation

text: of

text: life

text: on

text: dry

text: land

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: Devonian

text: Free

text: sporing

text: vascular

text: plants

text: began

text: to

text: spread

text: across

text: dry

text: land

text: forming

text: extensive

text: forests

text: which

text: covered

text: the

text: continents

text: By

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: Devonian

text: several

text: groups

text: of

text: plants

text: had

text: evolved

text: leaves

text: and

text: true

text: roots

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: first

text: seed

text: bearing

text: plants

text: appeared

text: Various

text: terrestrial

text: arthropods

text: also

text: became

text: well

text: established

text: Fish

text: reached

text: substantial

text: diversity

text: during

text: this

text: time

text: leading

text: the

text: Devonian

text: to

text: often

text: be

text: dubbed

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Fish

text: The

text: first

text: ray

text: finned

text: and

text: lobe

text: finned

text: bony

text: fish

text: appeared

text: while

text: the

text: placodermi

text: began

text: dominating

text: almost

text: every

text: known

text: aquatic

text: environment

text: FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for telecommunications programs under the DOS operating system. FOSSIL is an acronym for "Fido Opus SEAdog Standard Interface Layer". "Fido" refers to FidoBBS, "Opus" refers to Opus-CBCS BBS, and "SEAdog" refers to a Fidonet compatible mailer. The standards document that defines the FOSSIL protocol is maintained by the Fidonet Technical Standards Committee.

text: FOSSIL

text: is

text: standard

text: protocol

text: for

text: allowing

text: serial

text: communication

text: for

text: telecommunications

text: programs

text: under

text: the

text: DOS

text: operating

text: system

text: FOSSIL

text: is

text: an

text: acronym

text: for

text: Fido

text: Opus

text: SEAdog

text: Standard

text: Interface

text: Layer

text: Fido

text: refers

text: to

text: FidoBBS

text: Opus

text: refers

text: to

text: Opus

text: CBCS

text: BBS

text: and

text: SEAdog

text: refers

text: to

text: Fidonet

text: compatible

text: mailer

text: The

text: standards

text: document

text: that

text: defines

text: the

text: FOSSIL

text: protocol

text: is

text: maintained

text: by

text: the

text: Fidonet

text: Technical

text: Standards

text: Committee

text: In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches. Starting with a recent single ancestor, this process results in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of an array of species exhibiting different morphological and physiological traits. An example of adaptive radiation would be the avian species of the Hawaiian honeycreepers. Via natural selection, these birds adapted rapidly and converged based on the different environments of the Hawaiian islands.

text: In

text: evolutionary

text: biology

text: adaptive

text: radiation

text: is

text: process

text: in

text: which

text: organisms

text: diversify

text: rapidly

text: from

text: an

text: ancestral

text: species

text: into

text: multitude

text: of

text: new

text: forms

text: particularly

text: when

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: environment

text: makes

text: new

text: resources

text: available

text: creates

text: new

text: challenges

text: or

text: opens

text: new

text: environmental

text: niches

text: Starting

text: with

text: recent

text: single

text: ancestor

text: this

text: process

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: speciation

text: and

text: phenotypic

text: adaptation

text: of

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: species

text: exhibiting

text: different

text: morphological

text: and

text: physiological

text: traits

text: An

text: example

text: of

text: adaptive

text: radiation

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: avian

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: honeycreepers

text: Via

text: natural

text: selection

text: these

text: birds

text: adapted

text: rapidly

text: and

text: converged

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: different

text: environments

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: islands

text: The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that spans 60 million years from the end of the Devonian Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Permian Period, Mya. The name "Carboniferous" means "coal-bearing" and derives from the Latin words "carb" ("coal") and "fer" ("I bear, I carry"), and was coined by geologists William Conybeare and William Phillips in 1822. Based on a study of the British rock succession, it was the first of the modern 'system' names to be employed, and reflects the fact that many coal beds were formed globally during that time. The Carboniferous is often treated in North America as two geological periods, the earlier Mississippian and the later Pennsylvanian.

text: The

text: Carboniferous

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Devonian

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Permian

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: name

text: Carboniferous

text: means

text: coal

text: bearing

text: and

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: words

text: carb

text: coal

text: and

text: fer

text: bear

text: carry

text: and

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: geologists

text: William

text: Conybeare

text: and

text: William

text: Phillips

text: in

text: Based

text: on

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: rock

text: succession

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: system

text: names

text: to

text: be

text: employed

text: and

text: reflects

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: many

text: coal

text: beds

text: were

text: formed

text: globally

text: during

text: that

text: time

text: The

text: Carboniferous

text: is

text: often

text: treated

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: as

text: two

text: geological

text: periods

text: the

text: earlier

text: Mississippian

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: Pennsylvanian

text: Adam Sedgwick (22 March 1785  27 January 1873) was one of the founders of modern geology. He proposed the Devonian period of the geological timescale. Later, he proposed the Cambrian period, based on work which he did on Welsh rock strata.

text: Adam

text: Sedgwick

text: March

text: January

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: modern

text: geology

text: He

text: proposed

text: the

text: Devonian

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: geological

text: timescale

text: Later

text: he

text: proposed

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: period

text: based

text: on

text: work

text: which

text: he

text: did

text: on

text: Welsh

text: rock

text: strata

text:
An arthropod (from Greek "arthro-", joint + "podos", foot) is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed appendages (paired appendages). Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda, which includes the insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans.
Arthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. The rigid cuticle inhibits growth, so arthropods replace it periodically by moulting. Their versatility has enabled them to become the most species-rich members of all ecological guilds in most environments. They have over a million described species, making up more than 80% of all described living animal species, some of which, unlike most animals, are very successful in dry environments.

text: An

text: arthropod

text: from

text: Greek

text: arthro-

text: joint

text: podos

text: foot

text: is

text: an

text: invertebrate

text: animal

text: having

text: an

text: exoskeleton

text: external

text: skeleton

text: segmented

text: body

text: and

text: jointed

text: appendages

text: paired

text: appendages

text: Arthropods

text: form

text: the

text: phylum

text: Arthropoda

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: insects

text: arachnids

text: myriapods

text: and

text: crustaceans

text: Arthropods

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: their

text: jointed

text: limbs

text: and

text: cuticle

text: made

text: of

text: chitin

text: often

text: mineralised

text: with

text: calcium

text: carbonate

text: The

text: arthropod

text: body

text: plan

text: consists

text: of

text: segments

text: each

text: with

text: pair

text: of

text: appendages

text: The

text: rigid

text: cuticle

text: inhibits

text: growth

text: so

text: arthropods

text: replace

text: it

text: periodically

text: by

text: moulting

text: Their

text: versatility

text: has

text: enabled

text: them

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: most

text: species

text: rich

text: members

text: of

text: all

text: ecological

text: guilds

text: in

text: most

text: environments

text: They

text: have

text: over

text: million

text: described

text: species

text: making

text: up

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: all

text: described

text: living

text: animal

text: species

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: unlike

text: most

text: animals

text: are

text: very

text: successful

text: in

text: dry

text: environments

text: The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era (from the Greek "palaios" (), "old" and "zoe" (), "life", meaning "ancient life") is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic, from . It is the longest of the Phanerozoic eras, and is subdivided into six geologic periods (from oldest to youngest): the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. The Paleozoic comes after the Neoproterozoic era of the Proterozoic and is followed by the Mesozoic.

text: The

text: Paleozoic

text: or

text: Palaeozoic

text: Era

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: palaios

text: old

text: and

text: zoe

text: life

text: meaning

text: ancient

text: life

text: is

text: the

text: earliest

text: of

text: three

text: geologic

text: eras

text: of

text: the

text: Phanerozoic

text: from

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: of

text: the

text: Phanerozoic

text: eras

text: and

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: six

text: geologic

text: periods

text: from

text: oldest

text: to

text: youngest

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: Ordovician

text: Silurian

text: Devonian

text: Carboniferous

text: and

text: Permian

text: The

text: Paleozoic

text: comes

text: after

text: the

text: Neoproterozoic

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: Proterozoic

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Mesozoic

text: Charles Lapworth, FRS, FGS (20 September 1842  13 March 1920) was an English geologist who pioneered faunal analysis using index fossils and identified the Ordovician period.

text: Charles

text: Lapworth

text: FRS

text: FGS

text: September

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: geologist

text: who

text: pioneered

text: faunal

text: analysis

text: using

text: index

text: fossils

text: and

text: identified

text: the

text: Ordovician

text: period

text: The Ordovices were one of the Celtic tribes living in Great Britain before the Roman invasion. Their tribal lands were located in present-day North Wales and England between the Silures to the south and the Deceangli to the north-east. The Ordovices were conquered by the Roman governor Gnaeus Julius Agricola in the campaign of AD 7778.

text: The

text: Ordovices

text: were

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Celtic

text: tribes

text: living

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: before

text: the

text: Roman

text: invasion

text: Their

text: tribal

text: lands

text: were

text: located

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: North

text: Wales

text: and

text: England

text: between

text: the

text: Silures

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Deceangli

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: The

text: Ordovices

text: were

text: conquered

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: governor

text: Gnaeus

text: Julius

text: Agricola

text: in

text: the

text: campaign

text: of

text: AD

text: The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician Period , at 443.8 million years ago ( mya ) , to the beginning of the Devonian Period . As with other geologic periods , the rock beds that define the period 's start and end are well identified , but the exact dates are uncertain by several million years . The base of the Silurian is set at a major extinction event when 60 % of marine species were wiped out . See Ordovician - Silurian extinction events . A significant evolutionary milestone during the Silurian was the diversification of jawed and bony fish . Life also began to appear on land in the form of small , moss - like , vascular plants that grew beside lakes , streams , and coastlines , and also in the form of small terrestrial arthropods . However , terrestrial life would not greatly diversify and affect the landscape until the Devonian .

text: The

text: Silurian

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Ordovician

text: Period

text: at

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Devonian

text: Period

text: As

text: with

text: other

text: geologic

text: periods

text: the

text: rock

text: beds

text: that

text: define

text: the

text: period

text: 's

text: start

text: and

text: end

text: are

text: well

text: identified

text: but

text: the

text: exact

text: dates

text: are

text: uncertain

text: by

text: several

text: million

text: years

text: The

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: Silurian

text: is

text: set

text: at

text: major

text: extinction

text: event

text: when

text: of

text: marine

text: species

text: were

text: wiped

text: out

text: See

text: Ordovician

text: Silurian

text: extinction

text: events

text: significant

text: evolutionary

text: milestone

text: during

text: the

text: Silurian

text: was

text: the

text: diversification

text: of

text: jawed

text: and

text: bony

text: fish

text: Life

text: also

text: began

text: to

text: appear

text: on

text: land

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: small

text: moss

text: like

text: vascular

text: plants

text: that

text: grew

text: beside

text: lakes

text: streams

text: and

text: coastlines

text: and

text: also

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: small

text: terrestrial

text: arthropods

text: However

text: terrestrial

text: life

text: would

text: not

text: greatly

text: diversify

text: and

text: affect

text: the

text: landscape

text: until

text: the

text: Devonian

text: A fish is any member of a group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Tetrapods emerged within lobe-finned fishes, so cladistically they are fish as well. However, traditionally fish are rendered obsolete or paraphyletic by excluding the tetrapods (i.e., the amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals which all descended from within the same ancestry). Because in this manner the term "fish" is defined negatively as a paraphyletic group, it is not considered a formal taxonomic grouping in systematic biology. The traditional term pisces (also ichthyes) is considered a typological, but not a phylogenetic classification.

text: fish

text: is

text: any

text: member

text: of

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: that

text: consist

text: of

text: all

text: gill

text: bearing

text: aquatic

text: craniate

text: animals

text: that

text: lack

text: limbs

text: with

text: digits

text: They

text: form

text: sister

text: group

text: to

text: the

text: tunicates

text: together

text: forming

text: the

text: olfactores

text: Included

text: in

text: this

text: definition

text: are

text: the

text: living

text: hagfish

text: lampreys

text: and

text: cartilaginous

text: and

text: bony

text: fish

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: various

text: extinct

text: related

text: groups

text: Tetrapods

text: emerged

text: within

text: lobe

text: finned

text: fishes

text: so

text: cladistically

text: they

text: are

text: fish

text: as

text: well

text: However

text: traditionally

text: fish

text: are

text: rendered

text: obsolete

text: or

text: paraphyletic

text: by

text: excluding

text: the

text: tetrapods

text: i.e.

text: the

text: amphibians

text: reptiles

text: birds

text: and

text: mammals

text: which

text: all

text: descended

text: from

text: within

text: the

text: same

text: ancestry

text: Because

text: in

text: this

text: manner

text: the

text: term

text: fish

text: is

text: defined

text: negatively

text: as

text: paraphyletic

text: group

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: considered

text: formal

text: taxonomic

text: grouping

text: in

text: systematic

text: biology

text: The

text: traditional

text: term

text: pisces

text: also

text: ichthyes

text: is

text: considered

text: typological

text: but

text: not

text: phylogenetic

text: classification

text: Vascular plants (from Latin "vasculum": duct), also known as tracheophytes (from the equivalent Greek term "trachea") and also higher plants, form a large group of plants (c. 308,312 accepted known species ) that are defined as those land plants that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They also have a specialized non-lignified tissue (the phloem) to conduct products of photosynthesis. Vascular plants include the clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for the group include Tracheophyta and Tracheobionta.

text: Vascular

text: plants

text: from

text: Latin

text: vasculum

text: duct

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: tracheophytes

text: from

text: the

text: equivalent

text: Greek

text: term

text: trachea

text: and

text: also

text: higher

text: plants

text: form

text: large

text: group

text: of

text: plants

text: accepted

text: known

text: species

text: that

text: are

text: defined

text: as

text: those

text: land

text: plants

text: that

text: have

text: lignified

text: tissues

text: the

text: xylem

text: for

text: conducting

text: water

text: and

text: minerals

text: throughout

text: the

text: plant

text: They

text: also

text: have

text: specialized

text: non

text: lignified

text: tissue

text: the

text: phloem

text: to

text: conduct

text: products

text: of

text: photosynthesis

text: Vascular

text: plants

text: include

text: the

text: clubmosses

text: horsetails

text: ferns

text: gymnosperms

text: including

text: conifers

text: and

text: angiosperms

text: flowering

text: plants

text: Scientific

text: names

text: for

text: the

text: group

text: include

text: Tracheophyta

text: and

text: Tracheobionta

annotations: follows multiple

question: part_of silurian

answer: paleozoic

text: paleozoic

text: paleozoic

text: paleozoic

text: paleozoic

text: paleozoic

text: paleozoic