text: The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.

text: The

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: It

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: to

text: Antarctica

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: and

text: Australia

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west, to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba, to the east by the Lesser Antilles, and to the south by the north coast of South America.

text: The

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: is

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Mexico

text: and

text: Central

text: America

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: starting

text: with

text: Cuba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Lesser

text: Antilles

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: The Straits of Florida, Florida Straits, or Florida Strait is a strait located south-southeast of the North American mainland, generally accepted to be between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Florida Keys (U.S.) and Cuba. It is 150 km (93 mi) wide at the narrowest point between Key West and the Cuban shore, and has been sounded to a depth of 6,000 feet. The strait carries the Florida Current, the beginning of the Gulf Stream, from the Gulf of Mexico.

text: The

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: Florida

text: Straits

text: or

text: Florida

text: Strait

text: is

text: strait

text: located

text: south

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: mainland

text: generally

text: accepted

text: to

text: be

text: between

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: between

text: the

text: Florida

text: Keys

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Cuba

text: It

text: is

text: km

text: mi

text: wide

text: at

text: the

text: narrowest

text: point

text: between

text: Key

text: West

text: and

text: the

text: Cuban

text: shore

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: sounded

text: to

text: depth

text: of

text: feet

text: The

text: strait

text: carries

text: the

text: Florida

text: Current

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: Stream

text: from

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.

text: Mexico

text: modern

text: Nahuatl

text: officially

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Guatemala

text: Belize

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Covering

text: almost

text: two

text: million

text: square

text: kilometers

text: over

text: sq

text: mi

text: Mexico

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: Mexico

text: is

text: federation

text: comprising

text: states

text: and

text: federal

text: district

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Guadalajara

text: Monterrey

text: Puebla

text: Toluca

text: Tijuana

text: and

text: León

text: Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital.

text: Florida

text: Spanish

text: for

text: land

text: of

text: flowers

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Alabama

text: and

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: and

text: Cuba

text: Florida

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: Jacksonville

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Miami

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: Florida

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Tallahassee

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Travis McGee is a fictional character, created by prolific American mystery writer John D. MacDonald. Unlike most detectives in mystery/detective fiction, McGee is neither a police officer nor a private investigator; instead, he is a self-described "salvage consultant" who recovers others' property for a fee of 50%. McGee appeared in 21 novels, from "The Deep Blue Good-by" in 1964 to "The Lonely Silver Rain" in 1984. In 1980, the McGee novel "The Green Ripper" won the National Book Award. All 21 books have the theme of a color in the title, one of the earliest examples of detective/mystery fiction series to have a 'title theme' (e.g. the Sue Grafton] 'alphabet' series; Janet Evanovich's 'number' series of Stephanie Plum books, etc.)

text: Travis

text: McGee

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: created

text: by

text: prolific

text: American

text: mystery

text: writer

text: John

text: MacDonald

text: Unlike

text: most

text: detectives

text: in

text: mystery

text: detective

text: fiction

text: McGee

text: is

text: neither

text: police

text: officer

text: nor

text: private

text: investigator

text: instead

text: he

text: is

text: self

text: described

text: salvage

text: consultant

text: who

text: recovers

text: others

text: property

text: for

text: fee

text: of

text: McGee

text: appeared

text: in

text: novels

text: from

text: The

text: Deep

text: Blue

text: Good

text: by

text: in

text: to

text: The

text: Lonely

text: Silver

text: Rain

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: McGee

text: novel

text: The

text: Green

text: Ripper

text: won

text: the

text: National

text: Book

text: Award

text: All

text: books

text: have

text: the

text: theme

text: of

text: color

text: in

text: the

text: title

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: examples

text: of

text: detective

text: mystery

text: fiction

text: series

text: to

text: have

text: title

text: theme

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Sue

text: Grafton

text: alphabet

text: series

text: Janet

text: Evanovich

text: 's

text: number

text: series

text: of

text: Stephanie

text: Plum

text: books

text: etc

text: The Long Lavender Look ( 1970 ) is the twelfth novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald . After the preceding book , Dress Her in Indigo , which was largely set in Mexico , The Long Lavender Look not only returns to McGee 's usual haunt of Florida , but is almost entirely set in one tiny town deep in the rural part of the state . The plot begins when McGee and Meyer are driving late at night down a deserted Florida highway , when a young woman , barefoot and clad only in a nightgown , dashes across the road just in front of the car . McGee swerves and just barely misses her , but his car is thrown into ten feet of swamp water . Soon after and to their surprise , McGee and Meyer find themselves arrested , and McGee charged with murder .

text: The

text: Long

text: Lavender

text: Look

text: is

text: the

text: twelfth

text: novel

text: in

text: the

text: Travis

text: McGee

text: series

text: by

text: John

text: MacDonald

text: After

text: the

text: preceding

text: book

text: Dress

text: Her

text: in

text: Indigo

text: which

text: was

text: largely

text: set

text: in

text: Mexico

text: The

text: Long

text: Lavender

text: Look

text: not

text: only

text: returns

text: to

text: McGee

text: 's

text: usual

text: haunt

text: of

text: Florida

text: but

text: is

text: almost

text: entirely

text: set

text: in

text: one

text: tiny

text: town

text: deep

text: in

text: the

text: rural

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: plot

text: begins

text: when

text: McGee

text: and

text: Meyer

text: are

text: driving

text: late

text: at

text: night

text: down

text: deserted

text: Florida

text: highway

text: when

text: young

text: woman

text: barefoot

text: and

text: clad

text: only

text: in

text: nightgown

text: dashes

text: across

text: the

text: road

text: just

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: car

text: McGee

text: swerves

text: and

text: just

text: barely

text: misses

text: her

text: but

text: his

text: car

text: is

text: thrown

text: into

text: ten

text: feet

text: of

text: swamp

text: water

text: Soon

text: after

text: and

text: to

text: their

text: surprise

text: McGee

text: and

text: Meyer

text: find

text: themselves

text: arrested

text: and

text: McGee

text: charged

text: with

text: murder

text: The Lonely Silver Rain (1985) is the 21st and final novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald. The work was published a year prior to the author's death, and was not intentionally the end of the series. It is also notable for the introduction of McGee's daughter Jean, who he unwittingly (but not unwillingly) sired with the now-deceased love interest Puss Killian from the ninth book in the series: "Pale Gray for Guilt". At the end of the book McGee has taken all of his cash in hand except for a few hundred dollars and placed it in a trust fund for his newly met teenage daughter, and needs to go back to work as a "salvage consultant." The author's death prevented any further development of this new character and plot line.

text: The

text: Lonely

text: Silver

text: Rain

text: is

text: the

text: and

text: final

text: novel

text: in

text: the

text: Travis

text: McGee

text: series

text: by

text: John

text: MacDonald

text: The

text: work

text: was

text: published

text: year

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: death

text: and

text: was

text: not

text: intentionally

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: notable

text: for

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: McGee

text: 's

text: daughter

text: Jean

text: who

text: he

text: unwittingly

text: but

text: not

text: unwillingly

text: sired

text: with

text: the

text: now

text: deceased

text: love

text: interest

text: Puss

text: Killian

text: from

text: the

text: ninth

text: book

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: Pale

text: Gray

text: for

text: Guilt

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: McGee

text: has

text: taken

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: cash

text: in

text: hand

text: except

text: for

text: few

text: hundred

text: dollars

text: and

text: placed

text: it

text: in

text: trust

text: fund

text: for

text: his

text: newly

text: met

text: teenage

text: daughter

text: and

text: needs

text: to

text: go

text: back

text: to

text: work

text: as

text: salvage

text: consultant

text: The

text: author

text: 's

text: death

text: prevented

text: any

text: further

text: development

text: of

text: this

text: new

text: character

text: and

text: plot

text: line

text: North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: within

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: considered

text: northern

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: Dress Her in Indigo (1969) is the eleventh novel in the Travis McGee series by John D. MacDonald.

text: Dress

text: Her

text: in

text: Indigo

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: novel

text: in

text: the

text: Travis

text: McGee

text: series

text: by

text: John

text: MacDonald

text: The Americas, also collectively called America, encompass the totality of the continents of North America and South America. Together they make up most of Earth's western hemisphere and comprise the "New World".

text: The

text: Americas

text: also

text: collectively

text: called

text: America

text: encompass

text: the

text: totality

text: of

text: the

text: continents

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: Together

text: they

text: make

text: up

text: most

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: western

text: hemisphere

text: and

text: comprise

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: John Dann MacDonald (July 24, 1916  December 28, 1986) was an American writer of novels and short stories, known for his thrillers.

text: John

text: Dann

text: MacDonald

text: July

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: writer

text: of

text: novels

text: and

text: short

text: stories

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: thrillers

text: Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean meet. It is south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Haiti, and north of Jamaica. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola, with over 11 million inhabitants.

text: Cuba

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Cuba

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Cuba

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Isla

text: de

text: la

text: Juventud

text: and

text: several

text: minor

text: archipelagos

text: Cuba

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Caribbean

text: where

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: meet

text: It

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Florida

text: and

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: west

text: of

text: Haiti

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: Havana

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: capital

text: other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Cuba

text: and

text: Camagüey

text: Cuba

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: after

text: Hispaniola

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The Deep Blue Good-by is the first of 21 novels in the Travis McGee series by American author John D. MacDonald. Commissioned in 1964 by Fawcett Publications editor Knox Burger, the book establishes for the series an investigative protagonist in a residential Florida base. All titles in the 21-volume series include a color, a mnemonic device which was suggested by his publisher so that when harried travelers in airports looked to buy a book, they could at once see those MacDonald titles they had not yet read. (MacDonald also included color in a further two unrelated novels: "A Flash of Green" and "The Girl, the Gold Watch & Everything".)

text: The

text: Deep

text: Blue

text: Good

text: by

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: novels

text: in

text: the

text: Travis

text: McGee

text: series

text: by

text: American

text: author

text: John

text: MacDonald

text: Commissioned

text: in

text: by

text: Fawcett

text: Publications

text: editor

text: Knox

text: Burger

text: the

text: book

text: establishes

text: for

text: the

text: series

text: an

text: investigative

text: protagonist

text: in

text: residential

text: Florida

text: base

text: All

text: titles

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: include

text: color

text: mnemonic

text: device

text: which

text: was

text: suggested

text: by

text: his

text: publisher

text: so

text: that

text: when

text: harried

text: travelers

text: in

text: airports

text: looked

text: to

text: buy

text: book

text: they

text: could

text: at

text: once

text: see

text: those

text: MacDonald

text: titles

text: they

text: had

text: not

text: yet

text: read

text: MacDonald

text: also

text: included

text: color

text: in

text: further

text: two

text: unrelated

text: novels

text: Flash

text: of

text: Green

text: and

text: The

text: Girl

text: the

text: Gold

text: Watch

text: Everything

text: The contiguous United States consists of the 48 adjoining U.S. states plus Washington, D.C. (federal district), on the continent of North America. The term excludes the non-contiguous states of Alaska and Hawaii and all off-shore United States territories and possessions, which include American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

text: The

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: adjoining

text: U.S.

text: states

text: plus

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: federal

text: district

text: on

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: term

text: excludes

text: the

text: non

text: contiguous

text: states

text: of

text: Alaska

text: and

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: all

text: off

text: shore

text: United

text: States

text: territories

text: and

text: possessions

text: which

text: include

text: American

text: Samoa

text: Guam

text: the

text: Northern

text: Mariana

text: Islands

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Virgin

text: Islands

text: Monterrey, is the capital and largest city of the northeastern state of Nuevo León, in Mexico. The city is anchor to the third-largest metropolitan area in Mexico and is ranked as the ninth-largest city in the nation. Monterrey serves as a commercial center in the north of the country and is the base of many significant international corporations.

text: Monterrey

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: northeastern

text: state

text: of

text: Nuevo

text: León

text: in

text: Mexico

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: anchor

text: to

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: Mexico

text: and

text: is

text: ranked

text: as

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: Monterrey

text: serves

text: as

text: commercial

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: many

text: significant

text: international

text: corporations

text: Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Americas where Romance languages are predominant. The term originated in 19th century France as "Amérique latine" to consider French-speaking territories in the Americas (Haiti, French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy) along with the larger group of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed. It is therefore broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic Americathough it usually excludes French Canada and modern French Louisiana.

text: Latin

text: America

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: countries

text: and

text: dependencies

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: where

text: Romance

text: languages

text: are

text: predominant

text: The

text: term

text: originated

text: in

text: century

text: France

text: as

text: Amérique

text: latine

text: to

text: consider

text: French

text: speaking

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Haiti

text: French

text: Guiana

text: Martinique

text: Guadeloupe

text: Saint

text: Martin

text: Saint

text: Barthélemy

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: larger

text: group

text: of

text: countries

text: where

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: languages

text: prevailed

text: It

text: is

text: therefore

text: broader

text: than

text: the

text: terms

text: Ibero

text: America

text: or

text: Hispanic

text: Americathough

text: it

text: usually

text: excludes

text: French

text: Canada

text: and

text: modern

text: French

text: Louisiana

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Sue Taylor Grafton (born April 24, 1940) is a contemporary American author of detective novels. She is best known as the author of the 'alphabet series' (""A" Is for Alibi", etc.) featuring private investigator Kinsey Millhone in the fictional city of Santa Teresa, California. The daughter of detective novelist C. W. Grafton, she has said the strongest influence on her crime novels is author Ross Macdonald. Prior to success with this series, she wrote screenplays for television movies.

text: Sue

text: Taylor

text: Grafton

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: contemporary

text: American

text: author

text: of

text: detective

text: novels

text: She

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: alphabet

text: series

text: Is

text: for

text: Alibi

text: etc

text: featuring

text: private

text: investigator

text: Kinsey

text: Millhone

text: in

text: the

text: fictional

text: city

text: of

text: Santa

text: Teresa

text: California

text: The

text: daughter

text: of

text: detective

text: novelist

text: Grafton

text: she

text: has

text: said

text: the

text: strongest

text: influence

text: on

text: her

text: crime

text: novels

text: is

text: author

text: Ross

text: Macdonald

text: Prior

text: to

text: success

text: with

text: this

text: series

text: she

text: wrote

text: screenplays

text: for

text: television

text: movies

question: publisher the long lavender look

answer: fawcett publications

text: fawcett publications


text: Styria (, Slovene/) is a state or "Bundesland", located in the southeast of Austria. In area it is the second largest of the nine Austrian federated states, covering . It borders Slovenia and the Austrian states of Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Salzburg, Burgenland, and Carinthia. The population (as of ) was . The capital city is Graz which had 276,526 inhabitants at the beginning of 2015.

text: Styria

text: Slovene/

text: is

text: state

text: or

text: Bundesland

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: Austria

text: In

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: Austrian

text: federated

text: states

text: covering

text: It

text: borders

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: the

text: Austrian

text: states

text: of

text: Upper

text: Austria

text: Lower

text: Austria

text: Salzburg

text: Burgenland

text: and

text: Carinthia

text: The

text: population

text: as

text: of

text: was

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Graz

text: which

text: had

text: inhabitants

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

text: Vienna

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: states

text: of

text: Austria

text: Vienna

text: is

text: Austria

text: 's

text: primary

text: city

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: within

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: nearly

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: Austria

text: 's

text: population

text: and

text: its

text: cultural

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: centre

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Until

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: German

text: speaking

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: before

text: the

text: splitting

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Today

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: after

text: Berlin

text: Vienna

text: is

text: host

text: to

text: many

text: major

text: international

text: organizations

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: OPEC

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: is

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Slovakia

text: and

text: Hungary

text: These

text: regions

text: work

text: together

text: in

text: European

text: Centrope

text: border

text: region

text: Along

text: with

text: nearby

text: Bratislava

text: Vienna

text: forms

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: with

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: was

text: designated

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: Graz is the capital of Styria and second-largest city in Austria after Vienna. On 1 January 2017, it had a population of 320,587 (of which 286,686 had principal residence status). In 2014, the population of the Graz Larger Urban Zone who had principal residence status stood at 605,143.

text: Graz

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Styria

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Austria

text: after

text: Vienna

text: On

text: January

text: it

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: of

text: which

text: had

text: principal

text: residence

text: status

text: In

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Graz

text: Larger

text: Urban

text: Zone

text: who

text: had

text: principal

text: residence

text: status

text: stood

text: at

text: The larger urban zone (LUZ), or Functional Urban Area (FUA), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan areas in Europe. It consists of a city and its commuting zone.

text: The

text: larger

text: urban

text: zone

text: LUZ

text: or

text: Functional

text: Urban

text: Area

text: FUA

text: is

text: measure

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: expanse

text: of

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: commuting

text: zone

text: The Medical University of Graz is a university in Graz , Austria .

text: The

text: Medical

text: University

text: of

text: Graz

text: is

text: university

text: in

text: Graz

text: Austria

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely single

annotations: likely multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity medical university of graz

answer: styria

text: styria

text: styria


text: Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians (or Ealdorman Æthelred of Mercia; died 911) became ruler of English Mercia shortly after the death of its last king, Ceolwulf II in 879. His rule was confined to the western half, as eastern Mercia was then part of the Viking-ruled Danelaw. Æthelred's ancestry is unknown. He was probably the leader of an unsuccessful Mercian invasion of Wales in 881, and soon afterwards he acknowledged the lordship of King Alfred the Great of Wessex. The alliance was cemented by the marriage of Æthelred to Alfred's daughter Æthelflæd.

text: Æthelred

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Mercians

text: or

text: Ealdorman

text: Æthelred

text: of

text: Mercia

text: died

text: became

text: ruler

text: of

text: English

text: Mercia

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: its

text: last

text: king

text: Ceolwulf

text: II

text: in

text: His

text: rule

text: was

text: confined

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: half

text: as

text: eastern

text: Mercia

text: was

text: then

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Viking

text: ruled

text: Danelaw

text: Æthelred

text: 's

text: ancestry

text: is

text: unknown

text: He

text: was

text: probably

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: an

text: unsuccessful

text: Mercian

text: invasion

text: of

text: Wales

text: in

text: and

text: soon

text: afterwards

text: he

text: acknowledged

text: the

text: lordship

text: of

text: King

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: of

text: Wessex

text: The

text: alliance

text: was

text: cemented

text: by

text: the

text: marriage

text: of

text: Æthelred

text: to

text: Alfred

text: 's

text: daughter

text: Æthelflæd

text: In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

text: In

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: or

text: medieval

text: period

text: lasted

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: The

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: the

text: middle

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: traditional

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: history

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: medieval

text: period

text: is

text: itself

text: subdivided

text: into

text: the

text: Early

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: Wessex ("kingdom of the West Saxons") was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the south of Great Britain, from 519 until England was unified by Æthelstan in the early 10th century.

text: Wessex

text: kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Saxons

text: was

text: an

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: from

text: until

text: England

text: was

text: unified

text: by

text: Æthelstan

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: The Heptarchy (from the Greek  "hepta", "seven" and  "arkho", "to rule") is a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England during late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, conventionally identified as seven: East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Mercia, Northumbria, Sussex and Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms eventually unified into the Kingdom of England.

text: The

text: Heptarchy

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: hepta

text: seven

text: and

text: arkho

text: to

text: rule

text: is

text: collective

text: name

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: England

text: during

text: late

text: antiquity

text: and

text: the

text: early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: conventionally

text: identified

text: as

text: seven

text: East

text: Anglia

text: Essex

text: Kent

text: Mercia

text: Northumbria

text: Sussex

text: and

text: Wessex

text: The

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdoms

text: eventually

text: unified

text: into

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: At the Battle of Edington an army of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex under Alfred the Great defeated the Great Heathen Army led by Guthrum on a date between 6 and 12 May AD 878, soon resulting in the Treaty of Wedmore later the same year.The primary sources locate the battle at ""Ethandun"" or ""Ethandune"", and until a scholarly consensus identified its location with the present-day Edington in Wiltshire it was known as the Battle of "Ethandun", a name which continues to be used.

text: At

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Edington

text: an

text: army

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Wessex

text: under

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: defeated

text: the

text: Great

text: Heathen

text: Army

text: led

text: by

text: Guthrum

text: on

text: date

text: between

text: and

text: May

text: AD

text: soon

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Wedmore

text: later

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: The

text: primary

text: sources

text: locate

text: the

text: battle

text: at

text: Ethandun

text: or

text: Ethandune

text: and

text: until

text: scholarly

text: consensus

text: identified

text: its

text: location

text: with

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Edington

text: in

text: Wiltshire

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Ethandun

text: name

text: which

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: An earl is a member of the nobility. The title is Anglo-Saxon in origin, akin to the Scandinavian form jarl, and meant "chieftain", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by duke ("hertig"/"hertug"/"hertog"). In later medieval Britain, it became the equivalent of the continental count (in England in the earlier period, it was more akin to a duke; in Scotland it assimilated the concept of mormaer). However, earlier in Scandinavia, "jarl" could also mean a sovereign prince. For example, the rulers of several of the petty kingdoms of Norway had the title of "jarl" and in many cases they had no less power than their neighbours who had the title of king. Alternative names for the "Earl/Count" rank in the nobility structure are used in other countries, such as Hakushaku during the Japanese Imperial era.

text: An

text: earl

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: nobility

text: The

text: title

text: is

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: in

text: origin

text: akin

text: to

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: form

text: jarl

text: and

text: meant

text: chieftain

text: particularly

text: chieftain

text: set

text: to

text: rule

text: territory

text: in

text: king

text: 's

text: stead

text: In

text: Scandinavia

text: it

text: became

text: obsolete

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: duke

text: hertig"/"hertug"/"hertog

text: In

text: later

text: medieval

text: Britain

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: equivalent

text: of

text: the

text: continental

text: count

text: in

text: England

text: in

text: the

text: earlier

text: period

text: it

text: was

text: more

text: akin

text: to

text: duke

text: in

text: Scotland

text: it

text: assimilated

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: mormaer

text: However

text: earlier

text: in

text: Scandinavia

text: jarl

text: could

text: also

text: mean

text: sovereign

text: prince

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: rulers

text: of

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: petty

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Norway

text: had

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: jarl

text: and

text: in

text: many

text: cases

text: they

text: had

text: no

text: less

text: power

text: than

text: their

text: neighbours

text: who

text: had

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: king

text: Alternative

text: names

text: for

text: the

text: Earl

text: Count

text: rank

text: in

text: the

text: nobility

text: structure

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: Hakushaku

text: during

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Imperial

text: era

text: Æthelflæd, Lady of the Mercians (died 12 June 918), ruled Mercia in the English Midlands from 911 until her death. She was the eldest daughter of Alfred the Great, king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, and his wife Ealhswith. Æthelflæd was born around 870 at the height of the Viking invasions of England. By 878 most of England was under Danish Viking rule, East Anglia and Northumbria having been conquered and Mercia partitioned between the English and the Vikings, but in that year Alfred won a crucial victory at the Battle of Edington. Soon afterwards the English-controlled western half of Mercia came under the rule of Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians, who accepted Alfred's overlordship. Alfred adopted the title King of the Anglo-Saxons, claiming to rule all English people not living in areas under Viking control. In the mid-880s, Alfred sealed the strategic alliance between the surviving English kingdoms by marrying Æthelflæd to Æthelred.

text: Æthelflæd

text: Lady

text: of

text: the

text: Mercians

text: died

text: June

text: ruled

text: Mercia

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Midlands

text: from

text: until

text: her

text: death

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: eldest

text: daughter

text: of

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Wessex

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Ealhswith

text: Æthelflæd

text: was

text: born

text: around

text: at

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: Viking

text: invasions

text: of

text: England

text: By

text: most

text: of

text: England

text: was

text: under

text: Danish

text: Viking

text: rule

text: East

text: Anglia

text: and

text: Northumbria

text: having

text: been

text: conquered

text: and

text: Mercia

text: partitioned

text: between

text: the

text: English

text: and

text: the

text: Vikings

text: but

text: in

text: that

text: year

text: Alfred

text: won

text: crucial

text: victory

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Edington

text: Soon

text: afterwards

text: the

text: English

text: controlled

text: western

text: half

text: of

text: Mercia

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Æthelred

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Mercians

text: who

text: accepted

text: Alfred

text: 's

text: overlordship

text: Alfred

text: adopted

text: the

text: title

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: claiming

text: to

text: rule

text: all

text: English

text: people

text: not

text: living

text: in

text: areas

text: under

text: Viking

text: control

text: In

text: the

text: Alfred

text: sealed

text: the

text: strategic

text: alliance

text: between

text: the

text: surviving

text: English

text: kingdoms

text: by

text: marrying

text: Æthelflæd

text: to

text: Æthelred

text: Old English or Anglo-Saxon is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages. It was brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers probably in the mid 5th century, and the first Old English literary works date from the mid-7th century. After the Norman Conquest of 1066, English was replaced, for a time, as the language of the upper classes by Anglo-Norman, a relative of French, and Old English developed into the next historical form of English, known as Middle English.

text: Old

text: English

text: or

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: is

text: the

text: earliest

text: historical

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: spoken

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: southern

text: and

text: eastern

text: Scotland

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: It

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: Great

text: Britain

text: by

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: settlers

text: probably

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: Old

text: English

text: literary

text: works

text: date

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: After

text: the

text: Norman

text: Conquest

text: of

text: English

text: was

text: replaced

text: for

text: time

text: as

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: classes

text: by

text: Anglo

text: Norman

text: relative

text: of

text: French

text: and

text: Old

text: English

text: developed

text: into

text: the

text: next

text: historical

text: form

text: of

text: English

text: known

text: as

text: Middle

text: English

text: English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global "lingua franca". Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, it ultimately derives its name from the Anglia (Angeln) peninsula in the Baltic Sea. It is most closely related to the Frisian languages, although its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages in the early medieval period, and later by Romance languages, particularly French. English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. It is the most commonly spoken language in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand, and is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean, Africa, and South Asia. It is the third most common native language in the world, after Mandarin and Spanish. It is the most widely learned second language and an official language of the United Nations, of the European Union, and of many other world and regional international organisations. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch.

text: English

text: is

text: West

text: Germanic

text: language

text: that

text: was

text: first

text: spoken

text: in

text: early

text: medieval

text: England

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: global

text: lingua

text: franca

text: Named

text: after

text: the

text: Angles

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: that

text: migrated

text: to

text: England

text: it

text: ultimately

text: derives

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: Anglia

text: Angeln

text: peninsula

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: most

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Frisian

text: languages

text: although

text: its

text: vocabulary

text: has

text: been

text: significantly

text: influenced

text: by

text: other

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: medieval

text: period

text: and

text: later

text: by

text: Romance

text: languages

text: particularly

text: French

text: English

text: is

text: either

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: or

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: languages

text: in

text: almost

text: sovereign

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: spoken

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Canada

text: Australia

text: Ireland

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: is

text: widely

text: spoken

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Africa

text: and

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: common

text: native

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Mandarin

text: and

text: Spanish

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: learned

text: second

text: language

text: and

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: of

text: many

text: other

text: world

text: and

text: regional

text: international

text: organisations

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: Germanic

text: language

text: accounting

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: of

text: speakers

text: of

text: this

text: Indo

text: European

text: branch

text: Mercia was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. The name is a Latinisation of the Old English "Mierce" or "Myrce", meaning "border people" (see March).

text: Mercia

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: Heptarchy

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: Latinisation

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: English

text: Mierce

text: or

text: Myrce

text: meaning

text: border

text: people

text: see

text: March

text: Edward the Elder ( Old English : Eadweard cyning ; c. 874 -- 877 -- 17 July 924 ) was an English king . He became king in 899 upon the death of his father , Alfred the Great . His court was at Winchester , previously the capital of Wessex . He captured the eastern Midlands and East Anglia from the Danes in 917 and became ruler of Mercia in 918 upon the death of Æthelflæd , his sister . All but two of his charters give his title as `` Anglorum Saxonum rex '' or `` king of the Anglo - Saxons '' . He was the second king of the Anglo - Saxons as this title was created by Alfred . Edward 's coinage reads `` EADVVEARD REX . '' The chroniclers record that all England `` accepted Edward as lord '' in 920 . But the fact that York continued to produce its own coinage suggests that Edward 's authority was not accepted in Viking - ruled Northumbria . Edward 's eponym `` the Elder '' was first used in Wulfstan 's Life of St Æthelwold ( c. 996 ) to distinguish him from the later King Edward the Martyr .

text: Edward

text: the

text: Elder

text: Old

text: English

text: Eadweard

text: cyning

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: king

text: He

text: became

text: king

text: in

text: upon

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Alfred

text: the

text: Great

text: His

text: court

text: was

text: at

text: Winchester

text: previously

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Wessex

text: He

text: captured

text: the

text: eastern

text: Midlands

text: and

text: East

text: Anglia

text: from

text: the

text: Danes

text: in

text: and

text: became

text: ruler

text: of

text: Mercia

text: in

text: upon

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Æthelflæd

text: his

text: sister

text: All

text: but

text: two

text: of

text: his

text: charters

text: give

text: his

text: title

text: as

text: Anglorum

text: Saxonum

text: rex

text: or

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: as

text: this

text: title

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: Alfred

text: Edward

text: 's

text: coinage

text: reads

text: EADVVEARD

text: REX

text: The

text: chroniclers

text: record

text: that

text: all

text: England

text: accepted

text: Edward

text: as

text: lord

text: in

text: But

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: York

text: continued

text: to

text: produce

text: its

text: own

text: coinage

text: suggests

text: that

text: Edward

text: 's

text: authority

text: was

text: not

text: accepted

text: in

text: Viking

text: ruled

text: Northumbria

text: Edward

text: 's

text: eponym

text: the

text: Elder

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: Wulfstan

text: 's

text: Life

text: of

text: St

text: Æthelwold

text: to

text: distinguish

text: him

text: from

text: the

text: later

text: King

text: Edward

text: the

text: Martyr

text: Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.

text: Great

text: Britain

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Britain

text: is

text: large

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: northwest

text: coast

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: the

text: island

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: after

text: Java

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: Honshu

text: in

text: Japan

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: situated

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: it

text: and

text: together

text: these

text: islands

text: along

text: with

text: over

text: smaller

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: comprise

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: archipelago

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

question: country_of_citizenship edward the elder

answer: kingdom of wessex

text: kingdom of wessex

text: kingdom of wessex


text: Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.

text: Poland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Sudetes

text: and

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: Poland

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Poland

text: is

text: unitary

text: state

text: divided

text: into

text: administrative

text: subdivisions

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Warsaw

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Kraków

text: Wrocaw

text: Pozna

text: Gdask

text: and

text: Szczecin

text: Air assault is the movement of ground-based military forces by vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraftsuch as the helicopterto seize and hold key terrain which has not been fully secured, and to directly engage enemy forces behind enemy lines. In addition to regular infantry training, air-assault units usually receive training in rappelling and air transportation, and their equipment is sometimes designed or field-modified to allow better transportation within aircraft.

text: Air

text: assault

text: is

text: the

text: movement

text: of

text: ground

text: based

text: military

text: forces

text: by

text: vertical

text: take

text: off

text: and

text: landing

text: VTOL

text: aircraftsuch

text: as

text: the

text: helicopterto

text: seize

text: and

text: hold

text: key

text: terrain

text: which

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: fully

text: secured

text: and

text: to

text: directly

text: engage

text: enemy

text: forces

text: behind

text: enemy

text: lines

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: regular

text: infantry

text: training

text: air

text: assault

text: units

text: usually

text: receive

text: training

text: in

text: rappelling

text: and

text: air

text: transportation

text: and

text: their

text: equipment

text: is

text: sometimes

text: designed

text: or

text: field

text: modified

text: to

text: allow

text: better

text: transportation

text: within

text: aircraft

text: The Battle of Najaf was a major battle in the 2003 invasion of Iraq . The first stage of the battle was fought when the US 3rd Infantry Division fought to surround the town . The second stage was fought when soldiers from the U.S. 101st Airborne Division fought to clear and secure the city .

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Najaf

text: was

text: major

text: battle

text: in

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Iraq

text: The

text: first

text: stage

text: of

text: the

text: battle

text: was

text: fought

text: when

text: the

text: US

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: fought

text: to

text: surround

text: the

text: town

text: The

text: second

text: stage

text: was

text: fought

text: when

text: soldiers

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Airborne

text: Division

text: fought

text: to

text: clear

text: and

text: secure

text: the

text: city

text: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.

text: Australia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: continent

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: are

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: East

text: Timor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Australia

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Canberra

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: Sydney

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.

text: Iraq

text: or

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iraq

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Baghdad

text: The

text: main

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: are

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Kurds

text: others

text: include

text: Assyrians

text: Turkmen

text: Shabakis

text: Yazidis

text: Armenians

text: Mandeans

text: Circassians

text: and

text: Kawliya

text: Around

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: citizens

text: are

text: Muslims

text: with

text: Christianity

text: Yarsan

text: Yezidism

text: and

text: Mandeanism

text: also

text: present

text: The

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: Iraq

text: are

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Kurdish

text: Najaf Governorate ("An Najaf") (or Najaf Province) is a governorate in central and southern Iraq. The capital is the city of Najaf. The other major city is Al Kufah. Both cities are holy to Shia Muslims, who form the majority of the population. Prior to 1976 it was part of the Karbala Governorate.

text: Najaf

text: Governorate

text: An

text: Najaf

text: or

text: Najaf

text: Province

text: is

text: governorate

text: in

text: central

text: and

text: southern

text: Iraq

text: The

text: capital

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Najaf

text: The

text: other

text: major

text: city

text: is

text: Al

text: Kufah

text: Both

text: cities

text: are

text: holy

text: to

text: Shia

text: Muslims

text: who

text: form

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Prior

text: to

text: it

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Karbala

text: Governorate

text: Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the "sunnah", composed of accounts called "hadith") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.

text: Islam

text: is

text: religion

text: articulated

text: by

text: the

text: Quran

text: text

text: considered

text: by

text: its

text: adherents

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: verbatim

text: word

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: adherents

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: normative

text: example

text: called

text: the

text: sunnah

text: composed

text: of

text: accounts

text: called

text: hadith

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: June

text: CE

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: major

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: followers

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: Muslims

text: Islam

text: is

text: an

text: Abrahamic

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: that

text: upholds

text: that

text: God

text: is

text: one

text: and

text: incomparable

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: existence

text: is

text: to

text: worship

text: God

text: Muslims

text: consider

text: Muhammad

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: of

text: God

text: Najaf (BGN: "An Najaf") is a city in central Iraq about 160 km (roughly 100 miles) south of Baghdad. Its estimated population in 2013 was 1,000,000 people. It is the capital of Najaf Governorate. It is widely considered the third holiest city of Shia Islam, the Shia worlds spiritual capital and the center of Shi'a political power in Iraq.

text: Najaf

text: BGN

text: An

text: Najaf

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: central

text: Iraq

text: about

text: km

text: roughly

text: miles

text: south

text: of

text: Baghdad

text: Its

text: estimated

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Najaf

text: Governorate

text: It

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: the

text: third

text: holiest

text: city

text: of

text: Shia

text: Islam

text: the

text: Shia

text: worlds

text: spiritual

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Shi'a

text: political

text: power

text: in

text: Iraq

text: The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (17751783)before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: USA

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: and

text: performs

text: land

text: based

text: military

text: operations

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: uniformed

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Section

text: Clause

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: Subtitle

text: Chapter

text: Section

text: As

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: senior

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: the

text: modern

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: June

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: U.S.

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: country

text: After

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: created

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: on

text: June

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: disbanded

text: Continental

text: Army

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: considers

text: itself

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: and

text: dates

text: its

text: institutional

text: inception

text: from

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: that

text: armed

text: force

text: in

text: The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition that toppled the government of Saddam Hussein. The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government. An estimated 151,000 to 600,000 or more Iraqis were killed in the first 34 years of conflict. The United States officially withdrew from the country in 2011 but left private security contractors in its place to continue the war. It again became re-involved in 2014 at the head of a new coalition; the insurgency and many dimensions of the civil armed conflict continue.

text: The

text: Iraq

text: War

text: was

text: protracted

text: armed

text: conflict

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Iraq

text: by

text: United

text: States

text: led

text: coalition

text: that

text: toppled

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: The

text: conflict

text: continued

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: next

text: decade

text: as

text: an

text: insurgency

text: emerged

text: to

text: oppose

text: the

text: occupying

text: forces

text: and

text: the

text: post

text: invasion

text: Iraqi

text: government

text: An

text: estimated

text: to

text: or

text: more

text: Iraqis

text: were

text: killed

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: years

text: of

text: conflict

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: officially

text: withdrew

text: from

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: but

text: left

text: private

text: security

text: contractors

text: in

text: its

text: place

text: to

text: continue

text: the

text: war

text: It

text: again

text: became

text: re

text: involved

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: new

text: coalition

text: the

text: insurgency

text: and

text: many

text: dimensions

text: of

text: the

text: civil

text: armed

text: conflict

text: continue

text: The 101st Airborne Division ("Screaming Eagles") is an elite modular specialized light infantry division of the United States Army trained for air assault operations. It is the most potent and the most tactically mobile of the U.S. Army's divisions. The 101st Airborne at a moment's notice is able to plan, coordinate, and execute brigade-size air assault operations capable of seizing key terrain in support of operational objectives. The 101st Airborne Division is capable of working in austere environments with limited or degraded infrastructure. Its unique battlefield mobility and high level of training have kept the 101st Airborne Division in the vanguard of America's land combat forces in recent conflicts. More recently, the 101st Airborne has been performing foreign internal defense and counter-terrorism operations within Iraq and Afghanistan.

text: The

text: Airborne

text: Division

text: Screaming

text: Eagles

text: is

text: an

text: elite

text: modular

text: specialized

text: light

text: infantry

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: trained

text: for

text: air

text: assault

text: operations

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: potent

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: tactically

text: mobile

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: 's

text: divisions

text: The

text: Airborne

text: at

text: moment

text: 's

text: notice

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: plan

text: coordinate

text: and

text: execute

text: brigade

text: size

text: air

text: assault

text: operations

text: capable

text: of

text: seizing

text: key

text: terrain

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: operational

text: objectives

text: The

text: Airborne

text: Division

text: is

text: capable

text: of

text: working

text: in

text: austere

text: environments

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: degraded

text: infrastructure

text: Its

text: unique

text: battlefield

text: mobility

text: and

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: training

text: have

text: kept

text: the

text: Airborne

text: Division

text: in

text: the

text: vanguard

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: land

text: combat

text: forces

text: in

text: recent

text: conflicts

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: Airborne

text: has

text: been

text: performing

text: foreign

text: internal

text: defense

text: and

text: counter

text: terrorism

text: operations

text: within

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Afghanistan

text: Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: ""; 28 April 1937  30 December 2006) was the fifth President of Iraq, serving in this capacity from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003. A leading member of the revolutionary Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, and later, the Baghdad-based Ba'ath Party and its regional organization the Iraqi Ba'ath Partywhich espoused Ba'athism, a mix of Arab nationalism and socialismSaddam played a key role in the 1968 coup (later referred to as the 17 July Revolution) that brought the party to power in Iraq.

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: Abd

text: al

text: Majid

text: al

text: Tikriti

text: Arabic

text: April

text: December

text: was

text: the

text: fifth

text: President

text: of

text: Iraq

text: serving

text: in

text: this

text: capacity

text: from

text: July

text: until

text: April

text: leading

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: revolutionary

text: Arab

text: Socialist

text: Ba'ath

text: Party

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: Baghdad

text: based

text: Ba'ath

text: Party

text: and

text: its

text: regional

text: organization

text: the

text: Iraqi

text: Ba'ath

text: Partywhich

text: espoused

text: Ba'athism

text: mix

text: of

text: Arab

text: nationalism

text: and

text: socialismSaddam

text: played

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: coup

text: later

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: July

text: Revolution

text: that

text: brought

text: the

text: party

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: Iraq

text: Foreign internal defense (FID) is a term used by a number of Western nations, including the United States, France and the United Kingdom, to describe an integrated and synchronized, multi-disciplinary (and often joint, interagency, and international as well) approach to combating actual or threatened insurgency in a foreign state. This foreign state is known as the Host Nation (HN) under US (and generally accepted NATO) doctrine. The term counter-insurgency is more commonly used worldwide than FID. FID involves military deployment of counter-insurgency specialists. According to the US doctrinal manual, "Joint Publication 3-22: Foreign Internal Defense (FID)", those specialists preferably do not themselves fight the insurgents. Doctrine calls for a close working relationship between the HN government and security forces with outside diplomatic, information, intelligence, military, economic, and other specialists. The most successful FID actions suppress actual violence; when combat operations are needed, HN security forces take the lead, with appropriate external support, the external support preferably being in a noncombat support and training role alone.

text: Foreign

text: internal

text: defense

text: FID

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: Western

text: nations

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: to

text: describe

text: an

text: integrated

text: and

text: synchronized

text: multi

text: disciplinary

text: and

text: often

text: joint

text: interagency

text: and

text: international

text: as

text: well

text: approach

text: to

text: combating

text: actual

text: or

text: threatened

text: insurgency

text: in

text: foreign

text: state

text: This

text: foreign

text: state

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Host

text: Nation

text: HN

text: under

text: US

text: and

text: generally

text: accepted

text: NATO

text: doctrine

text: The

text: term

text: counter

text: insurgency

text: is

text: more

text: commonly

text: used

text: worldwide

text: than

text: FID

text: FID

text: involves

text: military

text: deployment

text: of

text: counter

text: insurgency

text: specialists

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: doctrinal

text: manual

text: Joint

text: Publication

text: Foreign

text: Internal

text: Defense

text: FID

text: those

text: specialists

text: preferably

text: do

text: not

text: themselves

text: fight

text: the

text: insurgents

text: Doctrine

text: calls

text: for

text: close

text: working

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: HN

text: government

text: and

text: security

text: forces

text: with

text: outside

text: diplomatic

text: information

text: intelligence

text: military

text: economic

text: and

text: other

text: specialists

text: The

text: most

text: successful

text: FID

text: actions

text: suppress

text: actual

text: violence

text: when

text: combat

text: operations

text: are

text: needed

text: HN

text: security

text: forces

text: take

text: the

text: lead

text: with

text: appropriate

text: external

text: support

text: the

text: external

text: support

text: preferably

text: being

text: in

text: noncombat

text: support

text: and

text: training

text: role

text: alone

text: The 2003 invasion of Iraq lasted from 20 March to 1 May 2003 and signalled the start of the Iraq War, which was dubbed Operation Iraqi Freedom by the United States (prior to 19 March, the mission in Iraq was called Operation Enduring Freedom, a carryover from the War in Afghanistan). The invasion consisted of 21 days of major combat operations, in which a combined force of troops from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and Poland invaded Iraq and deposed the Ba'athist government of Saddam Hussein. The invasion phase consisted primarily of a conventionally fought war which included the capture of the Iraqi capital of Baghdad by American forces with the implicit assistance of the United Kingdom alongside Australia and Poland.

text: The

text: invasion

text: of

text: Iraq

text: lasted

text: from

text: March

text: to

text: May

text: and

text: signalled

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Iraq

text: War

text: which

text: was

text: dubbed

text: Operation

text: Iraqi

text: Freedom

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: prior

text: to

text: March

text: the

text: mission

text: in

text: Iraq

text: was

text: called

text: Operation

text: Enduring

text: Freedom

text: carryover

text: from

text: the

text: War

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: The

text: invasion

text: consisted

text: of

text: days

text: of

text: major

text: combat

text: operations

text: in

text: which

text: combined

text: force

text: of

text: troops

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Australia

text: and

text: Poland

text: invaded

text: Iraq

text: and

text: deposed

text: the

text: Ba'athist

text: government

text: of

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: The

text: invasion

text: phase

text: consisted

text: primarily

text: of

text: conventionally

text: fought

text: war

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: capture

text: of

text: the

text: Iraqi

text: capital

text: of

text: Baghdad

text: by

text: American

text: forces

text: with

text: the

text: implicit

text: assistance

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: alongside

text: Australia

text: and

text: Poland

text: Light infantry (or skirmishers) are soldiers whose job was to provide a skirmishing screen ahead of the main body of infantry, harassing and delaying the enemy advance. Light infantry was distinct from medium, heavy or line infantry. Heavy infantry were dedicated primarily to fighting in tight formations that were the core of large battles. Light infantry fought in open-order, often in close co-ordination with heavy infantry, where they could screen the heavy infantry from harassing fire, and the heavy infantry could intervene to protect the light infantry from attacks of enemy heavy infantry or cavalry. Heavy infantry originally had heavier arms and more armour than light infantry, but this distinction was lost as the use of armour declined and gunpowder weapons became standardized.

text: Light

text: infantry

text: or

text: skirmishers

text: are

text: soldiers

text: whose

text: job

text: was

text: to

text: provide

text: skirmishing

text: screen

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: body

text: of

text: infantry

text: harassing

text: and

text: delaying

text: the

text: enemy

text: advance

text: Light

text: infantry

text: was

text: distinct

text: from

text: medium

text: heavy

text: or

text: line

text: infantry

text: Heavy

text: infantry

text: were

text: dedicated

text: primarily

text: to

text: fighting

text: in

text: tight

text: formations

text: that

text: were

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: large

text: battles

text: Light

text: infantry

text: fought

text: in

text: open

text: order

text: often

text: in

text: close

text: co

text: ordination

text: with

text: heavy

text: infantry

text: where

text: they

text: could

text: screen

text: the

text: heavy

text: infantry

text: from

text: harassing

text: fire

text: and

text: the

text: heavy

text: infantry

text: could

text: intervene

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: light

text: infantry

text: from

text: attacks

text: of

text: enemy

text: heavy

text: infantry

text: or

text: cavalry

text: Heavy

text: infantry

text: originally

text: had

text: heavier

text: arms

text: and

text: more

text: armour

text: than

text: light

text: infantry

text: but

text: this

text: distinction

text: was

text: lost

text: as

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: armour

text: declined

text: and

text: gunpowder

text: weapons

text: became

text: standardized

text: Counter-terrorism (also spelled counterterrorism) (also called anti-terrorism) incorporates the practice, military tactics, techniques, and strategy that government, military, law enforcement, business, and intelligence agencies use to combat or prevent terrorism. Counter-terrorism strategies include attempts to counter financing of terrorism.

text: Counter

text: terrorism

text: also

text: spelled

text: counterterrorism

text: also

text: called

text: anti

text: terrorism

text: incorporates

text: the

text: practice

text: military

text: tactics

text: techniques

text: and

text: strategy

text: that

text: government

text: military

text: law

text: enforcement

text: business

text: and

text: intelligence

text: agencies

text: use

text: to

text: combat

text: or

text: prevent

text: terrorism

text: Counter

text: terrorism

text: strategies

text: include

text: attempts

text: to

text: counter

text: financing

text: of

text: terrorism

text: Baghdad is the capital of the Republic of Iraq. The population of Baghdad, , is approximately 7.216.040 making it the largest city in Iraq, the second largest city in the Arab world (after Cairo, Egypt), and the second largest city in Western Asia (after Tehran, Iran).

text: Baghdad

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iraq

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: Baghdad

text: is

text: approximately

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Iraq

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: after

text: Cairo

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: after

text: Tehran

text: Iran

text: Shia ("Shah", from "Shatu Al", followers of Ali) is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam). Shia Islam primarily contrasts with Sunni Islam, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor. Instead they consider Abu Bakr (who was appointed Caliph through a Shura, i.e. consensus) to be the correct Caliph.

text: Shia

text: Shah

text: from

text: Shatu

text: Al

text: followers

text: of

text: Ali

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: Islam

text: which

text: holds

text: that

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: designated

text: Ali

text: ibn

text: Abi

text: Talib

text: as

text: his

text: successor

text: Imam

text: Shia

text: Islam

text: primarily

text: contrasts

text: with

text: Sunni

text: Islam

text: whose

text: adherents

text: believe

text: that

text: Muhammad

text: did

text: not

text: appoint

text: successor

text: Instead

text: they

text: consider

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: who

text: was

text: appointed

text: Caliph

text: through

text: Shura

text: i.e.

text: consensus

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: correct

text: Caliph

text: Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , "Afnistn"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.

text: Afghanistan

text: Pashto

text: Dari

text: Afnistn

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: within

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Turkmenistan

text: Uzbekistan

text: and

text: Tajikistan

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: Its

text: territory

text: covers

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

question: part_of battle of najaf

answer: iraq war

text: iraq war

text: iraq war