text: Jermaine Dupri Mauldin (born September 23, 1972), known as Jermaine Dupri or JD, is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer, songwriter and rapper. He was born in Asheville, NC and was raised in Atlanta, Georgia. He has worked with and produced Mariah Carey, Usher, Jay-Z, Nelly, Monica, Da Brat, Xscape, Janet Jackson, TLC, Aretha Franklin, Ludacris, Alicia Keys, Bow Wow, Miss Mulatto, and most recently The Rap Game season 2 winner, Mani.

text: Jermaine

text: Dupri

text: Mauldin

text: born

text: September

text: known

text: as

text: Jermaine

text: Dupri

text: or

text: JD

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: recording

text: artist

text: record

text: producer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: rapper

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Asheville

text: NC

text: and

text: was

text: raised

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: Georgia

text: He

text: has

text: worked

text: with

text: and

text: produced

text: Mariah

text: Carey

text: Usher

text: Jay

text: Nelly

text: Monica

text: Da

text: Brat

text: Xscape

text: Janet

text: Jackson

text: TLC

text: Aretha

text: Franklin

text: Ludacris

text: Alicia

text: Keys

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: Miss

text: Mulatto

text: and

text: most

text: recently

text: The

text: Rap

text: Game

text: season

text: winner

text: Mani

text: The Cars are an American rock band that emerged from the new wave scene in the late 1970s. The band originated in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1976, with singer, rhythm guitarist and songwriter Ric Ocasek, singer and bassist Benjamin Orr, lead guitarist Elliot Easton, keyboardist Greg Hawkes and drummer David Robinson.

text: The

text: Cars

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: rock

text: band

text: that

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: new

text: wave

text: scene

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: The

text: band

text: originated

text: in

text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: in

text: with

text: singer

text: rhythm

text: guitarist

text: and

text: songwriter

text: Ric

text: Ocasek

text: singer

text: and

text: bassist

text: Benjamin

text: Orr

text: lead

text: guitarist

text: Elliot

text: Easton

text: keyboardist

text: Greg

text: Hawkes

text: and

text: drummer

text: David

text: Robinson

text: Like Mike is a 2002 American comedy film directed by John Schultz and written by Michael Elliot and Jordan Moffet. Starring Lil' Bow Wow, Morris Chestnut, Jonathan Lipnicki, Brenda Song, Robert Forster, Crispin Glover and Eugene Levy, the film follows an orphan who gets basketball talents after finding a pair of Michael Jordan's shoes. It was produced by NBA Productions and features cameo appearances by NBA players. The film was released on July 3, 2002, by 20th Century Fox.

text: Like

text: Mike

text: is

text: American

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: John

text: Schultz

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Michael

text: Elliot

text: and

text: Jordan

text: Moffet

text: Starring

text: Lil

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: Morris

text: Chestnut

text: Jonathan

text: Lipnicki

text: Brenda

text: Song

text: Robert

text: Forster

text: Crispin

text: Glover

text: and

text: Eugene

text: Levy

text: the

text: film

text: follows

text: an

text: orphan

text: who

text: gets

text: basketball

text: talents

text: after

text: finding

text: pair

text: of

text: Michael

text: Jordan

text: 's

text: shoes

text: It

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: NBA

text: Productions

text: and

text: features

text: cameo

text: appearances

text: by

text: NBA

text: players

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: July

text: by

text: Century

text: Fox

text: Alicia Augello Cook (born January 25, 1981), known by her stage name Alicia Keys, is an American singer, songwriter, pianist and actress. Keys released her debut album with J Records, having had previous record deals first with Columbia and then Arista Records. Keys' debut album, "Songs in A Minor" was released in 2001, producing her first "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one single "Fallin'", and selling over 12 million copies worldwide. The album earned Keys five Grammy Awards in 2002. Her sophomore album, "The Diary of Alicia Keys", was released in 2003, spawning successful singles "You Don't Know My Name", "If I Ain't Got You" and "Diary", and selling eight million copies worldwide. The duet song "My Boo" with Usher, scored her a second number-one single in 2004. The album garnered her an additional four Grammy Awards in 2005. Later that year, she released her first live album, "Unplugged", becoming the first woman to have an "MTV Unplugged" album debut at number one.

text: Alicia

text: Augello

text: Cook

text: born

text: January

text: known

text: by

text: her

text: stage

text: name

text: Alicia

text: Keys

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: pianist

text: and

text: actress

text: Keys

text: released

text: her

text: debut

text: album

text: with

text: Records

text: having

text: had

text: previous

text: record

text: deals

text: first

text: with

text: Columbia

text: and

text: then

text: Arista

text: Records

text: Keys

text: debut

text: album

text: Songs

text: in

text: Minor

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: producing

text: her

text: first

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: number

text: one

text: single

text: Fallin

text: and

text: selling

text: over

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

text: The

text: album

text: earned

text: Keys

text: five

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: in

text: Her

text: sophomore

text: album

text: The

text: Diary

text: of

text: Alicia

text: Keys

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: spawning

text: successful

text: singles

text: You

text: Do

text: n't

text: Know

text: My

text: Name

text: If

text: Ai

text: n't

text: Got

text: You

text: and

text: Diary

text: and

text: selling

text: eight

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

text: The

text: duet

text: song

text: My

text: Boo

text: with

text: Usher

text: scored

text: her

text: second

text: number

text: one

text: single

text: in

text: The

text: album

text: garnered

text: her

text: an

text: additional

text: four

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: in

text: Later

text: that

text: year

text: she

text: released

text: her

text: first

text: live

text: album

text: Unplugged

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: woman

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: MTV

text: Unplugged

text: album

text: debut

text: at

text: number

text: one

text: Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1969 or 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. In 1990, she rose to fame with the release of "Vision of Love" from her eponymous debut album. The album produced four chart-topping singles in the US and began what would become a string of commercially successful albums which solidified the singer as Columbias highest selling act. Carey and Boyz II Men spent a record sixteen weeks atop the "Billboard" Hot 100 in 19951996 with "One Sweet Day", which remains the longest-running number-one song in US chart history. Following a contentious divorce from Sony Music head Tommy Mottola, Carey adopted a new image and traversed towards hip hop with the release of "Butterfly" (1997). In 1998, she was honored as the world's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s at the World Music Awards and subsequently named the best-selling female artist of the millennium in 2000.

text: Mariah

text: Carey

text: born

text: March

text: or

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: actress

text: In

text: she

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: with

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Vision

text: of

text: Love

text: from

text: her

text: eponymous

text: debut

text: album

text: The

text: album

text: produced

text: four

text: chart

text: topping

text: singles

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: began

text: what

text: would

text: become

text: string

text: of

text: commercially

text: successful

text: albums

text: which

text: solidified

text: the

text: singer

text: as

text: Columbias

text: highest

text: selling

text: act

text: Carey

text: and

text: Boyz

text: II

text: Men

text: spent

text: record

text: sixteen

text: weeks

text: atop

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: in

text: with

text: One

text: Sweet

text: Day

text: which

text: remains

text: the

text: longest

text: running

text: number

text: one

text: song

text: in

text: US

text: chart

text: history

text: Following

text: contentious

text: divorce

text: from

text: Sony

text: Music

text: head

text: Tommy

text: Mottola

text: Carey

text: adopted

text: new

text: image

text: and

text: traversed

text: towards

text: hip

text: hop

text: with

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Butterfly

text: In

text: she

text: was

text: honored

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: best

text: selling

text: recording

text: artist

text: of

text: the

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: Music

text: Awards

text: and

text: subsequently

text: named

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: female

text: artist

text: of

text: the

text: millennium

text: in

text: Columbia Records (also known simply as Columbia) is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment (SME), a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc., the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an earlier enterprise named the American Graphophone Company, the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, being the second major record company to produce recorded records. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of notable singers, instrumentalists, and bands. From 1961 to 1990, its recordings were released outside the U.S. and Canada by the CBS Records label (which was named after the Columbia Broadcasting System) to avoid confusion with the EMI label of the same name, before adopting the Columbia name internationally in 1990. It is one of Sony Music's three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records.

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: also

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Columbia

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: owned

text: by

text: Sony

text: Music

text: Entertainment

text: SME

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: of

text: America

text: Inc.

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: division

text: of

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: evolving

text: from

text: an

text: earlier

text: enterprise

text: named

text: the

text: American

text: Graphophone

text: Company

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: Volta

text: Graphophone

text: Company

text: Columbia

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: brand

text: name

text: in

text: the

text: recorded

text: sound

text: business

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: major

text: record

text: company

text: to

text: produce

text: recorded

text: records

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: release

text: records

text: by

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: notable

text: singers

text: instrumentalists

text: and

text: bands

text: From

text: to

text: its

text: recordings

text: were

text: released

text: outside

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Canada

text: by

text: the

text: CBS

text: Records

text: label

text: which

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: to

text: avoid

text: confusion

text: with

text: the

text: EMI

text: label

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: before

text: adopting

text: the

text: Columbia

text: name

text: internationally

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Sony

text: Music

text: 's

text: three

text: flagship

text: record

text: labels

text: alongside

text: RCA

text: Records

text: and

text: Epic

text: Records

text: Doggy Bag is the second studio album by American rapper Lil' Bow Wow. It was released on December 18, 2001, by So So Def Recordings and Columbia Records which produced by Jermaine Dupri. Two singles released: The first single "Thank You", which samples The Cars' song "I'm Not the One", and "Take Ya Home" was released as the second single. The song was also featured on the soundtrack to Lil' Bow Wow's film, "Like Mike".

text: Doggy

text: Bag

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: American

text: rapper

text: Lil

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: December

text: by

text: So

text: So

text: Def

text: Recordings

text: and

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: which

text: produced

text: by

text: Jermaine

text: Dupri

text: Two

text: singles

text: released

text: The

text: first

text: single

text: Thank

text: You

text: which

text: samples

text: The

text: Cars

text: song

text: 'm

text: Not

text: the

text: One

text: and

text: Take

text: Ya

text: Home

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: single

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: also

text: featured

text: on

text: the

text: soundtrack

text: to

text: Lil

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: 's

text: film

text: Like

text: Mike

text: Shawntae Harris (born April 14, 1974), better known by her stage name Da Brat, is an American rapper and actress from Joliet, Illinois. Beginning her career in 1991, Harris debut album "Funkdafied" (1994) sold one million copies, making her the first female solo rap act to receive a platinum certification, and the second overall female rap act (solo or group) after Salt N Pepa. She has received two Grammy Award nominations.

text: Shawntae

text: Harris

text: born

text: April

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: her

text: stage

text: name

text: Da

text: Brat

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: and

text: actress

text: from

text: Joliet

text: Illinois

text: Beginning

text: her

text: career

text: in

text: Harris

text: debut

text: album

text: Funkdafied

text: sold

text: one

text: million

text: copies

text: making

text: her

text: the

text: first

text: female

text: solo

text: rap

text: act

text: to

text: receive

text: platinum

text: certification

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: overall

text: female

text: rap

text: act

text: solo

text: or

text: group

text: after

text: Salt

text: Pepa

text: She

text: has

text: received

text: two

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: nominations

text: So So Def Recordings is a record label based in Atlanta, Georgia, and owned by producer Jermaine Dupri, specializing in Southern hip hop, R&B, and bass music. So So Def Recordings has managed artists such as Lil Bow Wow, Kris Kross, TLC, Usher and Da Brat.

text: So

text: So

text: Def

text: Recordings

text: is

text: record

text: label

text: based

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: Georgia

text: and

text: owned

text: by

text: producer

text: Jermaine

text: Dupri

text: specializing

text: in

text: Southern

text: hip

text: hop

text: R&B

text: and

text: bass

text: music

text: So

text: So

text: Def

text: Recordings

text: has

text: managed

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Lil

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: Kris

text: Kross

text: TLC

text: Usher

text: and

text: Da

text: Brat

text: Elliot Easton (born Elliot Steinberg, December 18, 1953, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American musician. He plays lead guitar and sings backing vocals for The Cars. His guitar solos are an integral part of the band's hit singles. He studied music at the Berklee College of Music. He plays guitar left-handed. Upon the collapse of The Cars in 1988, Easton played in bands such as The New Cars and the roots rock group Creedence Clearwater Revisited. He has also played in songs by newer artists such as the power pop band the Click Five, whose guitarist Joe Guese referred to him as "the Boston connection".

text: Elliot

text: Easton

text: born

text: Elliot

text: Steinberg

text: December

text: in

text: Brooklyn

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: He

text: plays

text: lead

text: guitar

text: and

text: sings

text: backing

text: vocals

text: for

text: The

text: Cars

text: His

text: guitar

text: solos

text: are

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: hit

text: singles

text: He

text: studied

text: music

text: at

text: the

text: Berklee

text: College

text: of

text: Music

text: He

text: plays

text: guitar

text: left

text: handed

text: Upon

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: The

text: Cars

text: in

text: Easton

text: played

text: in

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: New

text: Cars

text: and

text: the

text: roots

text: rock

text: group

text: Creedence

text: Clearwater

text: Revisited

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: played

text: in

text: songs

text: by

text: newer

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: power

text: pop

text: band

text: the

text: Click

text: Five

text: whose

text: guitarist

text: Joe

text: Guese

text: referred

text: to

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: Boston

text: connection

text: Christopher Brian "Chris" Bridges (born September 11, 1977), better known by his stage name Ludacris, is an American hip hop recording artist and actor from Atlanta, Georgia. Alongside his manager, Chaka Zulu, Ludacris is the co-founder of Disturbing tha Peace, an imprint distributed by Def Jam Recordings. Throughout his career, Ludacris has won Screen Actors Guild, Critic's Choice, MTV, and Grammy Awards. Along with fellow Atlanta-based rappers Big Boi and André 3000 of OutKast, Ludacris was one of the first and most influential "Dirty South" rappers to achieve mainstream success during the early 2000s.

text: Christopher

text: Brian

text: Chris

text: Bridges

text: born

text: September

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Ludacris

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: recording

text: artist

text: and

text: actor

text: from

text: Atlanta

text: Georgia

text: Alongside

text: his

text: manager

text: Chaka

text: Zulu

text: Ludacris

text: is

text: the

text: co

text: founder

text: of

text: Disturbing

text: tha

text: Peace

text: an

text: imprint

text: distributed

text: by

text: Def

text: Jam

text: Recordings

text: Throughout

text: his

text: career

text: Ludacris

text: has

text: won

text: Screen

text: Actors

text: Guild

text: Critic

text: 's

text: Choice

text: MTV

text: and

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: Along

text: with

text: fellow

text: Atlanta

text: based

text: rappers

text: Big

text: Boi

text: and

text: André

text: of

text: OutKast

text: Ludacris

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: most

text: influential

text: Dirty

text: South

text: rappers

text: to

text: achieve

text: mainstream

text: success

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: Massachusetts ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which once inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston. Over 80% of Massachusetts' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, Massachusetts' economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade.

text: Massachusetts

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: England

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: northeastern

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Connecticut

text: and

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: and

text: Vermont

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: Massachusett

text: tribe

text: which

text: once

text: inhabited

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: New

text: England

text: is

text: Boston

text: Over

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Boston

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: region

text: influential

text: upon

text: American

text: history

text: academia

text: and

text: industry

text: Originally

text: dependent

text: on

text: agriculture

text: fishing

text: and

text: trade

text: Massachusetts

text: was

text: transformed

text: into

text: manufacturing

text: center

text: during

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: Massachusetts

text: economy

text: shifted

text: from

text: manufacturing

text: to

text: services

text: Modern

text: Massachusetts

text: is

text: global

text: leader

text: in

text: biotechnology

text: engineering

text: higher

text: education

text: finance

text: and

text: maritime

text: trade

text: Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter and musician. Franklin began her career singing gospel at her father, minister C. L. Franklin's church as a child. In 1960, at the age of 18, Franklin embarked on a secular career, recording for Columbia Records but only achieving modest success. Following her signing to Atlantic Records in 1967, Franklin achieved commercial acclaim and success with songs such as "Respect", "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" and "Think". These hits and more helped her to gain the title The Queen of Soul by the end of the 1960s decade.

text: Aretha

text: Louise

text: Franklin

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: musician

text: Franklin

text: began

text: her

text: career

text: singing

text: gospel

text: at

text: her

text: father

text: minister

text: Franklin

text: 's

text: church

text: as

text: child

text: In

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Franklin

text: embarked

text: on

text: secular

text: career

text: recording

text: for

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: but

text: only

text: achieving

text: modest

text: success

text: Following

text: her

text: signing

text: to

text: Atlantic

text: Records

text: in

text: Franklin

text: achieved

text: commercial

text: acclaim

text: and

text: success

text: with

text: songs

text: such

text: as

text: Respect

text: You

text: Make

text: Me

text: Feel

text: Like

text: Natural

text: Woman

text: and

text: Think

text: These

text: hits

text: and

text: more

text: helped

text: her

text: to

text: gain

text: the

text: title

text: The

text: Queen

text: of

text: Soul

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: decade

text: `` Thank You '' is the first single from Lil ' Bow Wow off his second album Doggy Bag ( 2001 ) . The song features Jagged Edge , Jermaine Dupri and Fundisha and samples `` I 'm Not the One '' by The Cars . Lil Bow Wow shot a video for the song in Chicago where some of his fans appeared in the video as extras .

text: Thank

text: You

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: single

text: from

text: Lil

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: off

text: his

text: second

text: album

text: Doggy

text: Bag

text: The

text: song

text: features

text: Jagged

text: Edge

text: Jermaine

text: Dupri

text: and

text: Fundisha

text: and

text: samples

text: Not

text: the

text: One

text: by

text: The

text: Cars

text: Lil

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: shot

text: video

text: for

text: the

text: song

text: in

text: Chicago

text: where

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: fans

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: video

text: as

text: extras

text: Richard T. Otcasek (born March 23, 1949), known as Ric Ocasek, is an American songwriter, musician and record producer. He is best known as the vocalist, rhythm guitarist and songwriter for the rock band the Cars. Ocasek has been married to model Paulina Porizkova since 1989.

text: Richard

text: Otcasek

text: born

text: March

text: known

text: as

text: Ric

text: Ocasek

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: songwriter

text: musician

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: vocalist

text: rhythm

text: guitarist

text: and

text: songwriter

text: for

text: the

text: rock

text: band

text: the

text: Cars

text: Ocasek

text: has

text: been

text: married

text: to

text: model

text: Paulina

text: Porizkova

text: since

text: Cornell Iral Haynes, Jr. (born November 2, 1974), known professionally as Nelly, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, entrepreneur, investor, and occasional actor from St. Louis, Missouri. Nelly embarked on his music career with Midwest hip hop group St. Lunatics, in 1993 and signed to Universal Records in 1999. Under Universal, Nelly began his solo career in the year 2000, with his debut album "Country Grammar", of which the title-track was a top ten hit. The album debuted at number three on the "Billboard" 200 and went on to peak at number one. "Country Grammar" is Nelly's best-selling album to date, selling over 8.4 million copies in the United States. His following album "Nellyville", produced the number-one hits "Hot in Herre" and "Dilemma" (featuring Kelly Rowland). Other singles included "Work It" (featuring Justin Timberlake), "Air Force Ones" (featuring Murphy Lee and St. Lunatics), "Pimp Juice" and "#1".

text: Cornell

text: Iral

text: Haynes

text: Jr.

text: born

text: November

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Nelly

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: entrepreneur

text: investor

text: and

text: occasional

text: actor

text: from

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Missouri

text: Nelly

text: embarked

text: on

text: his

text: music

text: career

text: with

text: Midwest

text: hip

text: hop

text: group

text: St.

text: Lunatics

text: in

text: and

text: signed

text: to

text: Universal

text: Records

text: in

text: Under

text: Universal

text: Nelly

text: began

text: his

text: solo

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: with

text: his

text: debut

text: album

text: Country

text: Grammar

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: title

text: track

text: was

text: top

text: ten

text: hit

text: The

text: album

text: debuted

text: at

text: number

text: three

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: peak

text: at

text: number

text: one

text: Country

text: Grammar

text: is

text: Nelly

text: 's

text: best

text: selling

text: album

text: to

text: date

text: selling

text: over

text: million

text: copies

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: His

text: following

text: album

text: Nellyville

text: produced

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: hits

text: Hot

text: in

text: Herre

text: and

text: Dilemma

text: featuring

text: Kelly

text: Rowland

text: Other

text: singles

text: included

text: Work

text: It

text: featuring

text: Justin

text: Timberlake

text: Air

text: Force

text: Ones

text: featuring

text: Murphy

text: Lee

text: and

text: St.

text: Lunatics

text: Pimp

text: Juice

text: and

annotations: follows single

question: record_label thank you

answer: so so def recordings

text: so so def recordings

text: so so def recordings

text: so so def recordings


text: The Goonies is a 1985 American adventure comedy film directed by Richard Donner, who produced with Harvey Bernhard. The screenplay was written by Chris Columbus from a story by executive producer Steven Spielberg. A band of pre-teens who live in the "Goon Docks" neighborhood of Astoria, Oregon, attempt to save their homes from demolition, and, in doing so, discover an old Spanish map that leads them on an adventure to unearth the long-lost fortune of One-Eyed Willy, a legendary 17th-century pirate. During the entire adventure, they are chased by a family of criminals, who also want the treasure for themselves.

text: The

text: Goonies

text: is

text: American

text: adventure

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Richard

text: Donner

text: who

text: produced

text: with

text: Harvey

text: Bernhard

text: The

text: screenplay

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: Chris

text: Columbus

text: from

text: story

text: by

text: executive

text: producer

text: Steven

text: Spielberg

text: band

text: of

text: pre

text: teens

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: Goon

text: Docks

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Astoria

text: Oregon

text: attempt

text: to

text: save

text: their

text: homes

text: from

text: demolition

text: and

text: in

text: doing

text: so

text: discover

text: an

text: old

text: Spanish

text: map

text: that

text: leads

text: them

text: on

text: an

text: adventure

text: to

text: unearth

text: the

text: long

text: lost

text: fortune

text: of

text: One

text: Eyed

text: Willy

text: legendary

text: century

text: pirate

text: During

text: the

text: entire

text: adventure

text: they

text: are

text: chased

text: by

text: family

text: of

text: criminals

text: who

text: also

text: want

text: the

text: treasure

text: for

text: themselves

text: Omen IV : The Awakening is a 1991 made - for - television film that serves as the fourth and final addition to the original The Omen series , directed by Jorge Montesi and Dominique Othenin - Girard . This was intended to be the first of many televisual sequels to Twentieth Century Fox 's film history of popular titles . Producer Harvey Bernhard , who produced the last three films , felt there could be more done to the series . This was the last film he has produced to date . He previously wrote the story for the second film but this is the only film that he co-wrote .

text: Omen

text: IV

text: The

text: Awakening

text: is

text: made

text: for

text: television

text: film

text: that

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: fourth

text: and

text: final

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: The

text: Omen

text: series

text: directed

text: by

text: Jorge

text: Montesi

text: and

text: Dominique

text: Othenin

text: Girard

text: This

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: many

text: televisual

text: sequels

text: to

text: Twentieth

text: Century

text: Fox

text: 's

text: film

text: history

text: of

text: popular

text: titles

text: Producer

text: Harvey

text: Bernhard

text: who

text: produced

text: the

text: last

text: three

text: films

text: felt

text: there

text: could

text: be

text: more

text: done

text: to

text: the

text: series

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: film

text: he

text: has

text: produced

text: to

text: date

text: He

text: previously

text: wrote

text: the

text: story

text: for

text: the

text: second

text: film

text: but

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: film

text: that

text: he

text: co

text: wrote

text: A screenplay writer, screenwriter for short, scriptwriter or scenarist is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media such as films, television programs, comics or video games are based.

text: screenplay

text: writer

text: screenwriter

text: for

text: short

text: scriptwriter

text: or

text: scenarist

text: is

text: writer

text: who

text: practices

text: the

text: craft

text: of

text: screenwriting

text: writing

text: screenplays

text: on

text: which

text: mass

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: films

text: television

text: programs

text: comics

text: or

text: video

text: games

text: are

text: based

text: The Omen is a 1976 American-British supernatural horror film directed by Richard Donner and written by David Seltzer. The film stars Gregory Peck, Lee Remick, David Warner, Harvey Spencer Stephens, Billie Whitelaw, Patrick Troughton, Martin Benson, and Leo McKern. The first installment in "The Omen" series, the film concerns a young child substituted at birth by American Ambassador Robert Thorn unbeknownst to his wife, after their own son is stillborn. They are surrounded by mysterious and ominous deaths, unaware that the child is the Antichrist.

text: The

text: Omen

text: is

text: American

text: British

text: supernatural

text: horror

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Richard

text: Donner

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: David

text: Seltzer

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Gregory

text: Peck

text: Lee

text: Remick

text: David

text: Warner

text: Harvey

text: Spencer

text: Stephens

text: Billie

text: Whitelaw

text: Patrick

text: Troughton

text: Martin

text: Benson

text: and

text: Leo

text: McKern

text: The

text: first

text: installment

text: in

text: The

text: Omen

text: series

text: the

text: film

text: concerns

text: young

text: child

text: substituted

text: at

text: birth

text: by

text: American

text: Ambassador

text: Robert

text: Thorn

text: unbeknownst

text: to

text: his

text: wife

text: after

text: their

text: own

text: son

text: is

text: stillborn

text: They

text: are

text: surrounded

text: by

text: mysterious

text: and

text: ominous

text: deaths

text: unaware

text: that

text: the

text: child

text: is

text: the

text: Antichrist

text: A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film.

text: film

text: director

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: directs

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: film

text: Generally

text: film

text: director

text: controls

text: film

text: 's

text: artistic

text: and

text: dramatic

text: aspects

text: and

text: visualizes

text: the

text: script

text: while

text: guiding

text: the

text: technical

text: crew

text: and

text: actors

text: in

text: the

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: that

text: vision

text: The

text: director

text: has

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: choosing

text: the

text: cast

text: members

text: production

text: design

text: and

text: the

text: creative

text: aspects

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: Under

text: European

text: Union

text: law

text: the

text: director

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: Harvey Bernhard (March 5, 1924  January 16, 2014) was a film producer. He frequently collaborated with film director Richard Donner, notably "The Omen" (1976) and "The Goonies" (1985).

text: Harvey

text: Bernhard

text: March

text: January

text: was

text: film

text: producer

text: He

text: frequently

text: collaborated

text: with

text: film

text: director

text: Richard

text: Donner

text: notably

text: The

text: Omen

text: and

text: The

text: Goonies

text:
Down syndrome (DS or DNS), also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features and mild to moderate intellectual disability. The average IQ of a young adult with Down syndrome is 50, equivalent to the mental ability of an 8- or 9-year-old child, but this can vary widely.
The parents of the affected individual are typically genetically normal. The extra chromosome occurs by chance. The possibility increases from less than 0.1% in 20-year-old mothers to 3% in those age 45. There is no known behavioral activity or environmental factor that changes the possibility. Down syndrome can be identified during pregnancy by prenatal screening followed by diagnostic testing or after birth by direct observation and genetic testing. Since the introduction of screening, pregnancies with the diagnosis are often terminated. Regular screening for health problems common in Down syndrome is recommended throughout the person's life.
There is no cure for Down syndrome. Education and proper care have been shown to improve quality of life. Some children with Down syndrome are educated in typical school classes, while others require more specialized education. Some individuals with Down syndrome graduate from high school and a few attend post-secondary education. In adulthood, about 20% in the United States do paid work in some capacity with many requiring a sheltered work environment. Support in financial and legal matters is often needed. Life expectancy is around 50 to 60 years in the developed world with proper health care.
Down syndrome is one of the most common chromosome abnormalities in humans. It occurs in about one per 1000 babies born each year. In 2013, Down syndrome was present in 8.5 million individuals and resulted in 36,000 deaths down from 43,000 deaths in 1990. It is named after John Langdon Down, the British doctor who fully described the syndrome in 1866. Some aspects of the condition were described earlier by Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol in 1838 and Édouard Séguin in 1844. In 1957, the genetic cause of Down syndrome, an extra copy of chromosome 21, was discovered.

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: DS

text: or

text: DNS

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: trisomy

text: is

text: genetic

text: disorder

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: all

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: third

text: copy

text: of

text: chromosome

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: associated

text: with

text: physical

text: growth

text: delays

text: characteristic

text: facial

text: features

text: and

text: mild

text: to

text: moderate

text: intellectual

text: disability

text: The

text: average

text: IQ

text: of

text: young

text: adult

text: with

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: mental

text: ability

text: of

text: an

text: or

text: old

text: child

text: but

text: this

text: can

text: vary

text: widely

text: The

text: parents

text: of

text: the

text: affected

text: individual

text: are

text: typically

text: genetically

text: normal

text: The

text: extra

text: chromosome

text: occurs

text: by

text: chance

text: The

text: possibility

text: increases

text: from

text: less

text: than

text: in

text: old

text: mothers

text: to

text: in

text: those

text: age

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: known

text: behavioral

text: activity

text: or

text: environmental

text: factor

text: that

text: changes

text: the

text: possibility

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: can

text: be

text: identified

text: during

text: pregnancy

text: by

text: prenatal

text: screening

text: followed

text: by

text: diagnostic

text: testing

text: or

text: after

text: birth

text: by

text: direct

text: observation

text: and

text: genetic

text: testing

text: Since

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: screening

text: pregnancies

text: with

text: the

text: diagnosis

text: are

text: often

text: terminated

text: Regular

text: screening

text: for

text: health

text: problems

text: common

text: in

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: is

text: recommended

text: throughout

text: the

text: person

text: 's

text: life

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: cure

text: for

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: Education

text: and

text: proper

text: care

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: improve

text: quality

text: of

text: life

text: Some

text: children

text: with

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: are

text: educated

text: in

text: typical

text: school

text: classes

text: while

text: others

text: require

text: more

text: specialized

text: education

text: Some

text: individuals

text: with

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: graduate

text: from

text: high

text: school

text: and

text: few

text: attend

text: post

text: secondary

text: education

text: In

text: adulthood

text: about

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: do

text: paid

text: work

text: in

text: some

text: capacity

text: with

text: many

text: requiring

text: sheltered

text: work

text: environment

text: Support

text: in

text: financial

text: and

text: legal

text: matters

text: is

text: often

text: needed

text: Life

text: expectancy

text: is

text: around

text: to

text: years

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: with

text: proper

text: health

text: care

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: chromosome

text: abnormalities

text: in

text: humans

text: It

text: occurs

text: in

text: about

text: one

text: per

text: babies

text: born

text: each

text: year

text: In

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: was

text: present

text: in

text: million

text: individuals

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: down

text: from

text: deaths

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: John

text: Langdon

text: Down

text: the

text: British

text: doctor

text: who

text: fully

text: described

text: the

text: syndrome

text: in

text: Some

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: condition

text: were

text: described

text: earlier

text: by

text: Jean

text: Étienne

text: Dominique

text: Esquirol

text: in

text: and

text: Édouard

text: Séguin

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: genetic

text: cause

text: of

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: an

text: extra

text: copy

text: of

text: chromosome

text: was

text: discovered

text: Dominique Othenin-Girard (born 13 February 1958) is a Swiss/French film director, producer and screenwriter. He is known for films such as "", "The Crusaders" and "After Darkness" which was nominated for a Golden Bear Award. Othenin-Girard is also active in promoting awareness for Down syndrome.

text: Dominique

text: Othenin

text: Girard

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: Swiss

text: French

text: film

text: director

text: producer

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Crusaders

text: and

text: After

text: Darkness

text: which

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: Golden

text: Bear

text: Award

text: Othenin

text: Girard

text: is

text: also

text: active

text: in

text: promoting

text: awareness

text: for

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: Richard Donner (born Richard Donald Schwartzberg; April 24, 1930) is an American film director and producer. After directing the horror film "The Omen" (1976), Donner became famous for directing the first modern superhero film, "Superman" (1978), starring Christopher Reeve.

text: Richard

text: Donner

text: born

text: Richard

text: Donald

text: Schwartzberg

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: director

text: and

text: producer

text: After

text: directing

text: the

text: horror

text: film

text: The

text: Omen

text: Donner

text: became

text: famous

text: for

text: directing

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: superhero

text: film

text: Superman

text: starring

text: Christopher

text: Reeve

text: The Golden Bear is the highest prize awarded for the best film at the Berlin International Film Festival. The bear is the heraldic animal of Berlin, featured on both the coat of arms and flag of Berlin.

text: The

text: Golden

text: Bear

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: prize

text: awarded

text: for

text: the

text: best

text: film

text: at

text: the

text: Berlin

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: The

text: bear

text: is

text: the

text: heraldic

text: animal

text: of

text: Berlin

text: featured

text: on

text: both

text: the

text: coat

text: of

text: arms

text: and

text: flag

text: of

text: Berlin

annotations: follows multiple

question: main_subject omen iv: the awakening

answer: supernatural

text: supernatural


text: The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. It has origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and, modern India, especially the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. It is today the basis of educational and job reservations in India. It consists of two different concepts, "varna" and "jti", which may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system.

text: The

text: caste

text: system

text: in

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: paradigmatic

text: ethnographic

text: example

text: of

text: caste

text: It

text: has

text: origins

text: in

text: ancient

text: India

text: and

text: was

text: transformed

text: by

text: various

text: ruling

text: elites

text: in

text: medieval

text: early

text: modern

text: and

text: modern

text: India

text: especially

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

text: It

text: is

text: today

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: educational

text: and

text: job

text: reservations

text: in

text: India

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: different

text: concepts

text: varna

text: and

text: jti

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: regarded

text: as

text: different

text: levels

text: of

text: analysis

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: Interdependence is the mutual reliance between two or more groups. This concept differs from the reliance in a dependent relationship, where some members are dependent and some are not. There can be various degrees of interdependence.

text: Interdependence

text: is

text: the

text: mutual

text: reliance

text: between

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: groups

text: This

text: concept

text: differs

text: from

text: the

text: reliance

text: in

text: dependent

text: relationship

text: where

text: some

text: members

text: are

text: dependent

text: and

text: some

text: are

text: not

text: There

text: can

text: be

text: various

text: degrees

text: of

text: interdependence

text: Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society. It in turn has many branches, each of which is considered a "social science". The main social sciences include economics, political science, human geography, demography, and sociology. In a wider sense, social science also includes some fields in the humanities such as anthropology, archaeology, jurisprudence, history, and linguistics. The term is also sometimes used to refer specifically to the field of sociology, the original 'science of society', established in the 19th century. A more detailed list of sub-disciplines within the social sciences can be found at Outline of social science.

text: Social

text: science

text: is

text: major

text: category

text: of

text: academic

text: disciplines

text: concerned

text: with

text: society

text: and

text: the

text: relationships

text: among

text: individuals

text: within

text: society

text: It

text: in

text: turn

text: has

text: many

text: branches

text: each

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: considered

text: social

text: science

text: The

text: main

text: social

text: sciences

text: include

text: economics

text: political

text: science

text: human

text: geography

text: demography

text: and

text: sociology

text: In

text: wider

text: sense

text: social

text: science

text: also

text: includes

text: some

text: fields

text: in

text: the

text: humanities

text: such

text: as

text: anthropology

text: archaeology

text: jurisprudence

text: history

text: and

text: linguistics

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: sometimes

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: specifically

text: to

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: sociology

text: the

text: original

text: science

text: of

text: society

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: more

text: detailed

text: list

text: of

text: sub

text: disciplines

text: within

text: the

text: social

text: sciences

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: at

text: Outline

text: of

text: social

text: science

text: In the social sciences, a social group has been defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity. Other theorists disagree however, and are wary of definitions which stress the importance of interdependence or objective similarity. Instead, researchers within the social identity tradition generally define it as "a group is defined in terms of those who identify themselves as members of the group". Regardless, social groups come in a myriad of sizes and varieties. For example, a society can be viewed as a large social group.

text: In

text: the

text: social

text: sciences

text: social

text: group

text: has

text: been

text: defined

text: as

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: people

text: who

text: interact

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: share

text: similar

text: characteristics

text: and

text: collectively

text: have

text: sense

text: of

text: unity

text: Other

text: theorists

text: disagree

text: however

text: and

text: are

text: wary

text: of

text: definitions

text: which

text: stress

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: interdependence

text: or

text: objective

text: similarity

text: Instead

text: researchers

text: within

text: the

text: social

text: identity

text: tradition

text: generally

text: define

text: it

text: as

text: group

text: is

text: defined

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: identify

text: themselves

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: Regardless

text: social

text: groups

text: come

text: in

text: myriad

text: of

text: sizes

text: and

text: varieties

text: For

text: example

text: society

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: large

text: social

text: group

text: A society is a group of people involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Societies are characterized by patterns of relationships (social relations) between individuals who share a distinctive culture and institutions; a given society may be described as the sum total of such relationships among its constituent members. In the social sciences, a larger society often evinces stratification or dominance patterns in subgroups.

text: society

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: involved

text: in

text: persistent

text: social

text: interaction

text: or

text: large

text: social

text: grouping

text: sharing

text: the

text: same

text: geographical

text: or

text: social

text: territory

text: typically

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: political

text: authority

text: and

text: dominant

text: cultural

text: expectations

text: Societies

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: patterns

text: of

text: relationships

text: social

text: relations

text: between

text: individuals

text: who

text: share

text: distinctive

text: culture

text: and

text: institutions

text: given

text: society

text: may

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: sum

text: total

text: of

text: such

text: relationships

text: among

text: its

text: constituent

text: members

text: In

text: the

text: social

text: sciences

text: larger

text: society

text: often

text: evinces

text: stratification

text: or

text: dominance

text: patterns

text: in

text: subgroups

text: Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle which often includes an occupation, status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion. Its paradigmatic ethnographic example is the division of Indian society into rigid social groups, with roots in India's ancient history and persisting until today. However, the economic significance of the caste system in India has been declining as a result of urbanization and affirmative action programs. A subject of much scholarship by sociologists and anthropologists, the Indian caste system is sometimes used as an analogical basis for the study of caste-like social divisions existing outside India. The term is also applied to non-human populations like ants and bees.

text: Caste

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: social

text: stratification

text: characterized

text: by

text: endogamy

text: hereditary

text: transmission

text: of

text: lifestyle

text: which

text: often

text: includes

text: an

text: occupation

text: status

text: in

text: hierarchy

text: and

text: customary

text: social

text: interaction

text: and

text: exclusion

text: Its

text: paradigmatic

text: ethnographic

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: Indian

text: society

text: into

text: rigid

text: social

text: groups

text: with

text: roots

text: in

text: India

text: 's

text: ancient

text: history

text: and

text: persisting

text: until

text: today

text: However

text: the

text: economic

text: significance

text: of

text: the

text: caste

text: system

text: in

text: India

text: has

text: been

text: declining

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: urbanization

text: and

text: affirmative

text: action

text: programs

text: subject

text: of

text: much

text: scholarship

text: by

text: sociologists

text: and

text: anthropologists

text: the

text: Indian

text: caste

text: system

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: analogical

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: caste

text: like

text: social

text: divisions

text: existing

text: outside

text: India

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: applied

text: to

text: non

text: human

text: populations

text: like

text: ants

text: and

text: bees

text: Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific ethnic group, class, or social group, rejecting others on such a basis as being unsuitable for marriage or for other close personal relationships.

text: Endogamy

text: is

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: marrying

text: within

text: specific

text: ethnic

text: group

text: class

text: or

text: social

text: group

text: rejecting

text: others

text: on

text: such

text: basis

text: as

text: being

text: unsuitable

text: for

text: marriage

text: or

text: for

text: other

text: close

text: personal

text: relationships

text: Sri Lankan Chetties , also known as Colombo Chetties , Colombo Chittis or Colombo Hetties , are a formerly endogamous Sri Lankan social group or caste .

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: Chetties

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Colombo

text: Chetties

text: Colombo

text: Chittis

text: or

text: Colombo

text: Hetties

text: are

text: formerly

text: endogamous

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: social

text: group

text: or

text: caste

text: Social stratification is a society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political). As such, stratification is the relative social position of persons within a social group, category, geographic region, or social unit. In modern Western societies, social stratification typically is distinguished as three social classes: (i) the upper class, (ii) the middle class, and (iii) the lower class; in turn, each class can be subdivided into strata, e.g. the upper-stratum, the middle-stratum, and the lower stratum. Moreover, a social stratum can be formed upon the bases of kinship or caste, or both.

text: Social

text: stratification

text: is

text: society

text: 's

text: categorization

text: of

text: people

text: into

text: socioeconomic

text: strata

text: based

text: upon

text: their

text: occupation

text: and

text: income

text: wealth

text: and

text: social

text: status

text: or

text: derived

text: power

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: As

text: such

text: stratification

text: is

text: the

text: relative

text: social

text: position

text: of

text: persons

text: within

text: social

text: group

text: category

text: geographic

text: region

text: or

text: social

text: unit

text: In

text: modern

text: Western

text: societies

text: social

text: stratification

text: typically

text: is

text: distinguished

text: as

text: three

text: social

text: classes

text: the

text: upper

text: class

text: ii

text: the

text: middle

text: class

text: and

text: iii

text: the

text: lower

text: class

text: in

text: turn

text: each

text: class

text: can

text: be

text: subdivided

text: into

text: strata

text: e.g.

text: the

text: upper

text: stratum

text: the

text: middle

text: stratum

text: and

text: the

text: lower

text: stratum

text: Moreover

text: social

text: stratum

text: can

text: be

text: formed

text: upon

text: the

text: bases

text: of

text: kinship

text: or

text: caste

text: or

text: both

text: Affirmative action (known as reservation in India and Nepal and positive discrimination in the UK; also known in a narrower context as employment equity in Canada and South Africa) is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer or have suffered from discrimination within a culture. Often, these people are disadvantaged for historical reasons, such as oppression or slavery. Historically and internationally, support for affirmative action has sought to achieve goals such as bridging inequalities in employment and pay, increasing access to education, promoting diversity, and redressing apparent past wrongs, harms, or hindrances. The nature of affirmative action policies varies from region to region. Some countries, such as India, use a quota system, whereby a certain percentage of government jobs, political positions, and school vacancies must be reserved for members of a certain group. In some other regions where quotas are not used, minority group members are given preference or special consideration in selection processes.

text: Affirmative

text: action

text: known

text: as

text: reservation

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: Nepal

text: and

text: positive

text: discrimination

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: narrower

text: context

text: as

text: employment

text: equity

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: policy

text: of

text: favoring

text: members

text: of

text: disadvantaged

text: group

text: who

text: suffer

text: or

text: have

text: suffered

text: from

text: discrimination

text: within

text: culture

text: Often

text: these

text: people

text: are

text: disadvantaged

text: for

text: historical

text: reasons

text: such

text: as

text: oppression

text: or

text: slavery

text: Historically

text: and

text: internationally

text: support

text: for

text: affirmative

text: action

text: has

text: sought

text: to

text: achieve

text: goals

text: such

text: as

text: bridging

text: inequalities

text: in

text: employment

text: and

text: pay

text: increasing

text: access

text: to

text: education

text: promoting

text: diversity

text: and

text: redressing

text: apparent

text: past

text: wrongs

text: harms

text: or

text: hindrances

text: The

text: nature

text: of

text: affirmative

text: action

text: policies

text: varies

text: from

text: region

text: to

text: region

text: Some

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: India

text: use

text: quota

text: system

text: whereby

text: certain

text: percentage

text: of

text: government

text: jobs

text: political

text: positions

text: and

text: school

text: vacancies

text: must

text: be

text: reserved

text: for

text: members

text: of

text: certain

text: group

text: In

text: some

text: other

text: regions

text: where

text: quotas

text: are

text: not

text: used

text: minority

text: group

text: members

text: are

text: given

text: preference

text: or

text: special

text: consideration

text: in

text: selection

text: processes

annotations: likely multiple

question: instance_of sri lankan chetties

answer: ethnic group

text: ethnic group


text: A shield volcano is a type of volcano usually built almost entirely of fluid lava flows. They are named for their low profile, resembling a warrior's shield lying on the ground. This is caused by the highly fluid lava they erupt, which travels farther than lava erupted from stratovolcanoes. This results in the steady accumulation of broad sheets of lava, building up the shield volcano's distinctive form. The shape of shield volcanoes is due to the low viscosity of their mafic lava.

text: shield

text: volcano

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: volcano

text: usually

text: built

text: almost

text: entirely

text: of

text: fluid

text: lava

text: flows

text: They

text: are

text: named

text: for

text: their

text: low

text: profile

text: resembling

text: warrior

text: 's

text: shield

text: lying

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: This

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: highly

text: fluid

text: lava

text: they

text: erupt

text: which

text: travels

text: farther

text: than

text: lava

text: erupted

text: from

text: stratovolcanoes

text: This

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: steady

text: accumulation

text: of

text: broad

text: sheets

text: of

text: lava

text: building

text: up

text: the

text: shield

text: volcano

text: 's

text: distinctive

text: form

text: The

text: shape

text: of

text: shield

text: volcanoes

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: low

text: viscosity

text: of

text: their

text: mafic

text: lava

text: A rift zone is a feature of some volcanoes, especially shield volcanoes, in which a linear series of fissures in the volcanic edifice allows lava to be erupted from the volcano's flank instead of from its summit. For example, in the currently ongoing eruption of Kilauea in Hawaii, lava is emitted continuously from the Puu  vent located in Kilauea's East Rift Zone roughly 15 km east of Kilauea Crater. Rift zones tend to extend for tens of kilometers radially outward from the volcanic summit. The accumulated lava of repeated eruptions from rift zones causes these volcanoes to have an elongated shape. Perhaps the best example of this is Mauna Loa, which in Hawaiian means "long mountain".

text: rift

text: zone

text: is

text: feature

text: of

text: some

text: volcanoes

text: especially

text: shield

text: volcanoes

text: in

text: which

text: linear

text: series

text: of

text: fissures

text: in

text: the

text: volcanic

text: edifice

text: allows

text: lava

text: to

text: be

text: erupted

text: from

text: the

text: volcano

text: 's

text: flank

text: instead

text: of

text: from

text: its

text: summit

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: currently

text: ongoing

text: eruption

text: of

text: Kilauea

text: in

text: Hawaii

text: lava

text: is

text: emitted

text: continuously

text: from

text: the

text: Puu

text: vent

text: located

text: in

text: Kilauea

text: 's

text: East

text: Rift

text: Zone

text: roughly

text: km

text: east

text: of

text: Kilauea

text: Crater

text: Rift

text: zones

text: tend

text: to

text: extend

text: for

text: tens

text: of

text: kilometers

text: radially

text: outward

text: from

text: the

text: volcanic

text: summit

text: The

text: accumulated

text: lava

text: of

text: repeated

text: eruptions

text: from

text: rift

text: zones

text: causes

text: these

text: volcanoes

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: elongated

text: shape

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: best

text: example

text: of

text: this

text: is

text: Mauna

text: Loa

text: which

text: in

text: Hawaiian

text: means

text: long

text: mountain

text: A seamount is a mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Seamounts are typically formed from extinct volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from the seafloor to in height. They are defined by oceanographers as independent features that rise to at least above the seafloor, characteristically of conical form. The peaks are often found hundreds to thousands of meters below the surface, and are therefore considered to be within the deep sea. During their evolution over geologic time, the largest seamounts may reach the sea surface where wave action erodes the summit to form a flat surface. After they have subsided and sunk below the sea surface such flat-top seamounts are called "guyots" or "tablemounts"

text: seamount

text: is

text: mountain

text: rising

text: from

text: the

text: ocean

text: seafloor

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: reach

text: to

text: the

text: water

text: 's

text: surface

text: sea

text: level

text: and

text: thus

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: island

text: Seamounts

text: are

text: typically

text: formed

text: from

text: extinct

text: volcanoes

text: that

text: rise

text: abruptly

text: and

text: are

text: usually

text: found

text: rising

text: from

text: the

text: seafloor

text: to

text: in

text: height

text: They

text: are

text: defined

text: by

text: oceanographers

text: as

text: independent

text: features

text: that

text: rise

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: above

text: the

text: seafloor

text: characteristically

text: of

text: conical

text: form

text: The

text: peaks

text: are

text: often

text: found

text: hundreds

text: to

text: thousands

text: of

text: meters

text: below

text: the

text: surface

text: and

text: are

text: therefore

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: within

text: the

text: deep

text: sea

text: During

text: their

text: evolution

text: over

text: geologic

text: time

text: the

text: largest

text: seamounts

text: may

text: reach

text: the

text: sea

text: surface

text: where

text: wave

text: action

text: erodes

text: the

text: summit

text: to

text: form

text: flat

text: surface

text: After

text: they

text: have

text: subsided

text: and

text: sunk

text: below

text: the

text: sea

text: surface

text: such

text: flat

text: top

text: seamounts

text: are

text: called

text: guyots

text: or

text: tablemounts

text: Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.

text: Earth

text: otherwise

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: planet

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: object

text: in

text: the

text: Universe

text: known

text: to

text: harbor

text: life

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: densest

text: planet

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: terrestrial

text: planets

text: Mauna Loa (or ; Hawaiian: ) is one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The largest subaerial volcano in both mass and volume, Mauna Loa has historically been considered the largest volcano on Earth. It is an active shield volcano with relatively gentle slopes, with a volume estimated at approximately , although its peak is about lower than that of its neighbor, Mauna Kea. Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor and very fluid, and they tend to be non-explosive.

text: Mauna

text: Loa

text: or

text: Hawaiian

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: volcanoes

text: that

text: form

text: the

text: Island

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: The

text: largest

text: subaerial

text: volcano

text: in

text: both

text: mass

text: and

text: volume

text: Mauna

text: Loa

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: considered

text: the

text: largest

text: volcano

text: on

text: Earth

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: active

text: shield

text: volcano

text: with

text: relatively

text: gentle

text: slopes

text: with

text: volume

text: estimated

text: at

text: approximately

text: although

text: its

text: peak

text: is

text: about

text: lower

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: its

text: neighbor

text: Mauna

text: Kea

text: Lava

text: eruptions

text: from

text: Mauna

text: Loa

text: are

text: silica

text: poor

text: and

text: very

text: fluid

text: and

text: they

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: non

text: explosive

text: A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure. As such, it is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape. A liquid is made up of tiny vibrating particles of matter, such as atoms, held together by intermolecular bonds. Water is, by far, the most common liquid on Earth. Like a gas, a liquid is able to flow and take the shape of a container. Most liquids resist compression, although others can be compressed. Unlike a gas, a liquid does not disperse to fill every space of a container, and maintains a fairly constant density. A distinctive property of the liquid state is surface tension, leading to wetting phenomena.

text: liquid

text: is

text: nearly

text: incompressible

text: fluid

text: that

text: conforms

text: to

text: the

text: shape

text: of

text: its

text: container

text: but

text: retains

text: nearly

text: constant

text: volume

text: independent

text: of

text: pressure

text: As

text: such

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: fundamental

text: states

text: of

text: matter

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: solid

text: gas

text: and

text: plasma

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: with

text: definite

text: volume

text: but

text: no

text: fixed

text: shape

text: liquid

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: tiny

text: vibrating

text: particles

text: of

text: matter

text: such

text: as

text: atoms

text: held

text: together

text: by

text: intermolecular

text: bonds

text: Water

text: is

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: liquid

text: on

text: Earth

text: Like

text: gas

text: liquid

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: flow

text: and

text: take

text: the

text: shape

text: of

text: container

text: Most

text: liquids

text: resist

text: compression

text: although

text: others

text: can

text: be

text: compressed

text: Unlike

text: gas

text: liquid

text: does

text: not

text: disperse

text: to

text: fill

text: every

text: space

text: of

text: container

text: and

text: maintains

text: fairly

text: constant

text: density

text: distinctive

text: property

text: of

text: the

text: liquid

text: state

text: is

text: surface

text: tension

text: leading

text: to

text: wetting

text: phenomena

text: Geothermal energy is heat energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter. The geothermal energy of the Earth's crust originates from the original formation of the planet and from radioactive decay of materials (in currently uncertain but possibly roughly equal proportions). The geothermal gradient, which is the difference in temperature between the core of the planet and its surface, drives a continuous conduction of thermal energy in the form of heat from the core to the surface. The adjective "geothermal" originates from the Greek roots " (ge)", meaning earth, and " (thermos)", meaning hot.

text: Geothermal

text: energy

text: is

text: heat

text: energy

text: generated

text: and

text: stored

text: in

text: the

text: Earth

text: Thermal

text: energy

text: is

text: the

text: energy

text: that

text: determines

text: the

text: temperature

text: of

text: matter

text: The

text: geothermal

text: energy

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: crust

text: originates

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: planet

text: and

text: from

text: radioactive

text: decay

text: of

text: materials

text: in

text: currently

text: uncertain

text: but

text: possibly

text: roughly

text: equal

text: proportions

text: The

text: geothermal

text: gradient

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: difference

text: in

text: temperature

text: between

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: planet

text: and

text: its

text: surface

text: drives

text: continuous

text: conduction

text: of

text: thermal

text: energy

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: heat

text: from

text: the

text: core

text: to

text: the

text: surface

text: The

text: adjective

text: geothermal

text: originates

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: roots

text: ge

text: meaning

text: earth

text: and

text: thermos

text: meaning

text: hot

text: Hawaii is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21, 1959. Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is the only U.S. state not located in the Americas.

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: and

text: most

text: recent

text: state

text: to

text: have

text: joined

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: having

text: received

text: statehood

text: on

text: August

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: U.S.

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: Oceania

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: composed

text: entirely

text: of

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: island

text: group

text: in

text: Polynesia

text: occupying

text: most

text: of

text: an

text: archipelago

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: U.S.

text: state

text: not

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: A caldera is a large cauldron-like depression that forms following the evacuation of a magma chamber/reservoir. When large volumes of magma are erupted over a short time period, structural support for the crust above the magma chamber is lost. The ground surface then collapses downward into the partially emptied magma chamber, leaving a massive depression at the surface (from one to dozens of kilometers in diameter). Although sometimes described as a crater, the feature is actually a type of sinkhole, as it is formed through subsidence and collapse rather than an explosion or impact. Only seven known caldera-forming collapses have occurred since the start of the 20th century, most recently at Bárðarbunga volcano in Iceland.

text: caldera

text: is

text: large

text: cauldron

text: like

text: depression

text: that

text: forms

text: following

text: the

text: evacuation

text: of

text: magma

text: chamber

text: reservoir

text: When

text: large

text: volumes

text: of

text: magma

text: are

text: erupted

text: over

text: short

text: time

text: period

text: structural

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: crust

text: above

text: the

text: magma

text: chamber

text: is

text: lost

text: The

text: ground

text: surface

text: then

text: collapses

text: downward

text: into

text: the

text: partially

text: emptied

text: magma

text: chamber

text: leaving

text: massive

text: depression

text: at

text: the

text: surface

text: from

text: one

text: to

text: dozens

text: of

text: kilometers

text: in

text: diameter

text: Although

text: sometimes

text: described

text: as

text: crater

text: the

text: feature

text: is

text: actually

text: type

text: of

text: sinkhole

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: formed

text: through

text: subsidence

text: and

text: collapse

text: rather

text: than

text: an

text: explosion

text: or

text: impact

text: Only

text: seven

text: known

text: caldera

text: forming

text: collapses

text: have

text: occurred

text: since

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: most

text: recently

text: at

text: Bárðarbunga

text: volcano

text: in

text: Iceland

text: Wao Kele O Puna ( Wao Kele ) is Hawaii 's largest remaining lowland wet forest , about 15 mi ( 24 km ) south of the city of Hilo , along the East Rift Zone of Klauea volcano on the Island of Hawaii . The name means the upland rainforest of Puna . Puna is one of 9 districts on the island . Lava from Klauea continues to flow onto forest land . In 2006 , the Trust for Public Land ( TPL ) purchased Wao Kele , ending a twenty - year struggle to prevent tapping the sizeable geothermal energy resources that lie below it . Opponents believe that the area is the home of the fire goddess Pele . It is also known as the Puna Forest Reserve , located just east of the Puu  vent at coordinates 19 ° 26  29 `` N 155 ° 1  23 '' W.

text: Wao

text: Kele

text: Puna

text: Wao

text: Kele

text: is

text: Hawaii

text: 's

text: largest

text: remaining

text: lowland

text: wet

text: forest

text: about

text: mi

text: km

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Hilo

text: along

text: the

text: East

text: Rift

text: Zone

text: of

text: Klauea

text: volcano

text: on

text: the

text: Island

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: The

text: name

text: means

text: the

text: upland

text: rainforest

text: of

text: Puna

text: Puna

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: districts

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: Lava

text: from

text: Klauea

text: continues

text: to

text: flow

text: onto

text: forest

text: land

text: In

text: the

text: Trust

text: for

text: Public

text: Land

text: TPL

text: purchased

text: Wao

text: Kele

text: ending

text: twenty

text: year

text: struggle

text: to

text: prevent

text: tapping

text: the

text: sizeable

text: geothermal

text: energy

text: resources

text: that

text: lie

text: below

text: it

text: Opponents

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: fire

text: goddess

text: Pele

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Puna

text: Forest

text: Reserve

text: located

text: just

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Puu

text: vent

text: at

text: coordinates

text: A temperature is an objective comparative measurement of hot or cold. It is measured by a thermometer. Several scales and units exist for measuring temperature, the most common being Celsius (denoted °C; formerly called "centigrade"), Fahrenheit (denoted °F), and, especially in science, Kelvin (denoted K).

text: temperature

text: is

text: an

text: objective

text: comparative

text: measurement

text: of

text: hot

text: or

text: cold

text: It

text: is

text: measured

text: by

text: thermometer

text: Several

text: scales

text: and

text: units

text: exist

text: for

text: measuring

text: temperature

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: being

text: Celsius

text: denoted

text: formerly

text: called

text: centigrade

text: Fahrenheit

text: denoted

text: and

text: especially

text: in

text: science

text: Kelvin

text: denoted

text: Lava is the molten rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption. The resulting rock after solidification and cooling is also called "lava". The molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their satellites. The source of the heat that melts the rock within the earth is geothermal energy. When first erupted from a volcanic vent, lava is a liquid usually at temperatures from .

text: Lava

text: is

text: the

text: molten

text: rock

text: expelled

text: by

text: volcano

text: during

text: an

text: eruption

text: The

text: resulting

text: rock

text: after

text: solidification

text: and

text: cooling

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: lava

text: The

text: molten

text: rock

text: is

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: some

text: planets

text: including

text: Earth

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: their

text: satellites

text: The

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: heat

text: that

text: melts

text: the

text: rock

text: within

text: the

text: earth

text: is

text: geothermal

text: energy

text: When

text: first

text: erupted

text: from

text: volcanic

text: vent

text: lava

text: is

text: liquid

text: usually

text: at

text: temperatures

text: from

text: The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and undersea seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll. Formerly the group was known to Europeans and Americans as the "Sandwich Islands", a name chosen by James Cook in honor of the then First Lord of the Admiralty John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. The contemporary name is derived from the name of the largest island, Hawaii Island.

text: The

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: eight

text: major

text: islands

text: several

text: atolls

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islets

text: and

text: undersea

text: seamounts

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: extending

text: some

text: from

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: northernmost

text: Kure

text: Atoll

text: Formerly

text: the

text: group

text: was

text: known

text: to

text: Europeans

text: and

text: Americans

text: as

text: the

text: Sandwich

text: Islands

text: name

text: chosen

text: by

text: James

text: Cook

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: the

text: then

text: First

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Admiralty

text: John

text: Montagu

text: Earl

text: of

text: Sandwich

text: The

text: contemporary

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: Hawaii

text: Island

text: The HawaiianEmperor seamount chain is a mostly undersea mountain range in the Pacific Ocean that reaches above sea level in Hawaii. It is composed of the Hawaiian ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Seamounts: together they form a vast underwater mountain region of islands and intervening seamounts, atolls, shallows, banks and reefs along a line trending southeast to northwest beneath the northern Pacific Ocean. The seamount chain, containing over 80 identified undersea volcanoes, stretches over from the Aleutian Trench in the far northwest Pacific to the Loihi seamount, the youngest volcano in the chain, which lies about southeast of the Island of Hawaii.

text: The

text: HawaiianEmperor

text: seamount

text: chain

text: is

text: mostly

text: undersea

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: that

text: reaches

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: in

text: Hawaii

text: It

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: ridge

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: chain

text: northwest

text: to

text: Kure

text: Atoll

text: and

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Seamounts

text: together

text: they

text: form

text: vast

text: underwater

text: mountain

text: region

text: of

text: islands

text: and

text: intervening

text: seamounts

text: atolls

text: shallows

text: banks

text: and

text: reefs

text: along

text: line

text: trending

text: southeast

text: to

text: northwest

text: beneath

text: the

text: northern

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: The

text: seamount

text: chain

text: containing

text: over

text: identified

text: undersea

text: volcanoes

text: stretches

text: over

text: from

text: the

text: Aleutian

text: Trench

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northwest

text: Pacific

text: to

text: the

text: Loihi

text: seamount

text: the

text: youngest

text: volcano

text: in

text: the

text: chain

text: which

text: lies

text: about

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: Island

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: Klauea  is a currently active shield volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, and the most active of the five volcanoes that together form the island of Hawaii. Located along the southern shore of the island, the volcano is between 300,000 and 600,000 years old and emerged above sea level about 100,000 years ago. It is the second youngest product of the Hawaiian hotspot and the current eruptive center of the HawaiianEmperor seamount chain. Because it lacks topographic prominence and its activities historically coincided with those of Mauna Loa, Klauea was once thought to be a satellite of its much larger neighbor. Structurally, Klauea has a large, fairly recently formed caldera at its summit and two active rift zones, one extending east and the other west, as an active fault of unknown depth moving vertically an average of per year.

text: Klauea

text: is

text: currently

text: active

text: shield

text: volcano

text: in

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: active

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: volcanoes

text: that

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: Located

text: along

text: the

text: southern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: the

text: volcano

text: is

text: between

text: and

text: years

text: old

text: and

text: emerged

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: about

text: years

text: ago

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: youngest

text: product

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: hotspot

text: and

text: the

text: current

text: eruptive

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: HawaiianEmperor

text: seamount

text: chain

text: Because

text: it

text: lacks

text: topographic

text: prominence

text: and

text: its

text: activities

text: historically

text: coincided

text: with

text: those

text: of

text: Mauna

text: Loa

text: Klauea

text: was

text: once

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: satellite

text: of

text: its

text: much

text: larger

text: neighbor

text: Structurally

text: Klauea

text: has

text: large

text: fairly

text: recently

text: formed

text: caldera

text: at

text: its

text: summit

text: and

text: two

text: active

text: rift

text: zones

text: one

text: extending

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: west

text: as

text: an

text: active

text: fault

text: of

text: unknown

text: depth

text: moving

text: vertically

text: an

text: average

text: of

text: per

text: year

text: A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

text: volcano

text: is

text: rupture

text: in

text: the

text: crust

text: of

text: planetary

text: mass

text: object

text: such

text: as

text: Earth

text: that

text: allows

text: hot

text: lava

text: volcanic

text: ash

text: and

text: gases

text: to

text: escape

text: from

text: magma

text: chamber

text: below

text: the

text: surface

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity wao kele o puna

answer: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii