text: Tusks are elongated, continuously growing front teeth, usually but not always in pairs, that protrude well beyond the mouth of certain mammal species. They are most commonly canines, as with warthogs, pig, and walruses, or, in the case of elephants, elongated incisors. In most tusked species both the males and the females have tusks although the males' are larger. Tusks are generally curved, though the narwhal's sole tusk is straight and has a helical structure. In the elephant, the tusks were originally second incisors. Continuous growth is enabled by formative tissues in the apical openings of the roots of the teeth.

text: Tusks

text: are

text: elongated

text: continuously

text: growing

text: front

text: teeth

text: usually

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: in

text: pairs

text: that

text: protrude

text: well

text: beyond

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: certain

text: mammal

text: species

text: They

text: are

text: most

text: commonly

text: canines

text: as

text: with

text: warthogs

text: pig

text: and

text: walruses

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: elephants

text: elongated

text: incisors

text: In

text: most

text: tusked

text: species

text: both

text: the

text: males

text: and

text: the

text: females

text: have

text: tusks

text: although

text: the

text: males

text: are

text: larger

text: Tusks

text: are

text: generally

text: curved

text: though

text: the

text: narwhal

text: 's

text: sole

text: tusk

text: is

text: straight

text: and

text: has

text: helical

text: structure

text: In

text: the

text: elephant

text: the

text: tusks

text: were

text: originally

text: second

text: incisors

text: Continuous

text: growth

text: is

text: enabled

text: by

text: formative

text: tissues

text: in

text: the

text: apical

text: openings

text: of

text: the

text: roots

text: of

text: the

text: teeth

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: Cetacea are a widely distributed and diverse clade of aquatic mammals that today consists of the whales, dolphins, and porpoises. Cetaceans are carnivorous and finned. Most species live in the sea, some in rivers. The name is derived from the Latin "cetus" "whale" and Greek "ketos" "huge fish".

text: Cetacea

text: are

text: widely

text: distributed

text: and

text: diverse

text: clade

text: of

text: aquatic

text: mammals

text: that

text: today

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: whales

text: dolphins

text: and

text: porpoises

text: Cetaceans

text: are

text: carnivorous

text: and

text: finned

text: Most

text: species

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: sea

text: some

text: in

text: rivers

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: cetus

text: whale

text: and

text: Greek

text: ketos

text: huge

text: fish

text: Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797  22 February 1875) was a British lawyer and the foremost geologist of his day. He is best known as the author of "Principles of Geology", which popularized James Hutton's concepts of uniformitarianismthe idea that the Earth was shaped by the same processes still in operation today. "Principles of Geology" also challenged theories popularized by Georges Cuvier, which were the most accepted and circulated ideas about geology in England at the time.

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Lyell

text: Baronet

text: November

text: February

text: was

text: British

text: lawyer

text: and

text: the

text: foremost

text: geologist

text: of

text: his

text: day

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: Principles

text: of

text: Geology

text: which

text: popularized

text: James

text: Hutton

text: 's

text: concepts

text: of

text: uniformitarianismthe

text: idea

text: that

text: the

text: Earth

text: was

text: shaped

text: by

text: the

text: same

text: processes

text: still

text: in

text: operation

text: today

text: Principles

text: of

text: Geology

text: also

text: challenged

text: theories

text: popularized

text: by

text: Georges

text: Cuvier

text: which

text: were

text: the

text: most

text: accepted

text: and

text: circulated

text: ideas

text: about

text: geology

text: in

text: England

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.

text: Asia

text: is

text: Earth

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: hemispheres

text: and

text: sharing

text: the

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: continent

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: civilizations

text: Asia

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: its

text: overall

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: also

text: dense

text: and

text: large

text: settlements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: vast

text: barely

text: populated

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: billion

text: people

text: Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure. Coal is composed primarily of carbon, along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. A fossil fuel, coal forms when dead plant matter is converted into peat, which in turn is converted into lignite, then sub-bituminous coal, after that bituminous coal, and lastly anthracite. This involves biological and geological processes that take place over time.

text: Coal

text: is

text: combustible

text: black

text: or

text: brownish

text: black

text: sedimentary

text: rock

text: usually

text: occurring

text: in

text: rock

text: strata

text: in

text: layers

text: or

text: veins

text: called

text: coal

text: beds

text: or

text: coal

text: seams

text: The

text: harder

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: anthracite

text: coal

text: can

text: be

text: regarded

text: as

text: metamorphic

text: rock

text: because

text: of

text: later

text: exposure

text: to

text: elevated

text: temperature

text: and

text: pressure

text: Coal

text: is

text: composed

text: primarily

text: of

text: carbon

text: along

text: with

text: variable

text: quantities

text: of

text: other

text: elements

text: chiefly

text: hydrogen

text: sulfur

text: oxygen

text: and

text: nitrogen

text: fossil

text: fuel

text: coal

text: forms

text: when

text: dead

text: plant

text: matter

text: is

text: converted

text: into

text: peat

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: is

text: converted

text: into

text: lignite

text: then

text: sub

text: bituminous

text: coal

text: after

text: that

text: bituminous

text: coal

text: and

text: lastly

text: anthracite

text: This

text: involves

text: biological

text: and

text: geological

text: processes

text: that

text: take

text: place

text: over

text: time

text: Anthracotherium ("Coal Beast") was a genus of extinct artiodactyl ungulate mammals, characterized by having 44 teeth, with five semi-crescentic cusps on the crowns of the upper molars. The genus ranged from the early Eocene period until the late Oligocene, having a distribution throughout Eurasia. The last species died out near the end of the Oligocene.

text: Anthracotherium

text: Coal

text: Beast

text: was

text: genus

text: of

text: extinct

text: artiodactyl

text: ungulate

text: mammals

text: characterized

text: by

text: having

text: teeth

text: with

text: five

text: semi

text: crescentic

text: cusps

text: on

text: the

text: crowns

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: molars

text: The

text: genus

text: ranged

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: Eocene

text: period

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: Oligocene

text: having

text: distribution

text: throughout

text: Eurasia

text: The

text: last

text: species

text: died

text: out

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text:
Toulouse is the capital city of the southwestern French department of Haute-Garonne, as well as of the Occitanie region. The city lies on the banks of the River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean, and from Paris. It is the fourth-largest city in France with 466,297 inhabitants in January 2014.
The Toulouse Metro area is, with 1 312 304 inhabitants as of 2014, France's 4th metropolitan area after Paris, Lyon and Marseille and ahead of Lille and Bordeaux.

text: Toulouse

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: southwestern

text: French

text: department

text: of

text: Haute

text: Garonne

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: Occitanie

text: region

text: The

text: city

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Garonne

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: from

text: Paris

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: France

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: January

text: The

text: Toulouse

text: Metro

text: area

text: is

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: as

text: of

text: France

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: after

text: Paris

text: Lyon

text: and

text: Marseille

text: and

text: ahead

text: of

text: Lille

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text:
The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain. The name Oligocene comes from the Ancient Greek ("oligos", few) and ("kainos", new), and refers to the sparsity of extant forms of molluscs. The Oligocene is preceded by the Eocene Epoch and is followed by the Miocene Epoch. The Oligocene is the third and final epoch of the Paleogene Period.
The Oligocene is often considered an important time of transition, a link between the archaic world of the tropical Eocene and the more modern ecosystems of the Miocene. Major changes during the Oligocene included a global expansion of grasslands, and a regression of tropical broad leaf forests to the equatorial belt.

text: The

text: Oligocene

text: is

text: geologic

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: Period

text: and

text: extends

text: from

text: about

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: present

text: to

text: As

text: with

text: other

text: older

text: geologic

text: periods

text: the

text: rock

text: beds

text: that

text: define

text: the

text: epoch

text: are

text: well

text: identified

text: but

text: the

text: exact

text: dates

text: of

text: the

text: start

text: and

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: epoch

text: are

text: slightly

text: uncertain

text: The

text: name

text: Oligocene

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: oligos

text: few

text: and

text: kainos

text: new

text: and

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: sparsity

text: of

text: extant

text: forms

text: of

text: molluscs

text: The

text: Oligocene

text: is

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: Eocene

text: Epoch

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Miocene

text: Epoch

text: The

text: Oligocene

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: and

text: final

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: Period

text: The

text: Oligocene

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: an

text: important

text: time

text: of

text: transition

text: link

text: between

text: the

text: archaic

text: world

text: of

text: the

text: tropical

text: Eocene

text: and

text: the

text: more

text: modern

text: ecosystems

text: of

text: the

text: Miocene

text: Major

text: changes

text: during

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: included

text: global

text: expansion

text: of

text: grasslands

text: and

text: regression

text: of

text: tropical

text: broad

text: leaf

text: forests

text: to

text: the

text: equatorial

text: belt

text: A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. Pigs include the domestic pig and its ancestor, the common Eurasian wild boar ("Sus scrofa"), along with other species; related creatures outside the genus include the peccary, the babirusa, and the warthog. Pigs, like all suids, are native to the Eurasian and African continents. Juvenile pigs are known as piglets. Pigs are highly social and intelligent animals.

text: pig

text: is

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Sus

text: within

text: the

text: Suidae

text: family

text: of

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: Pigs

text: include

text: the

text: domestic

text: pig

text: and

text: its

text: ancestor

text: the

text: common

text: Eurasian

text: wild

text: boar

text: Sus

text: scrofa

text: along

text: with

text: other

text: species

text: related

text: creatures

text: outside

text: the

text: genus

text: include

text: the

text: peccary

text: the

text: babirusa

text: and

text: the

text: warthog

text: Pigs

text: like

text: all

text: suids

text: are

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: and

text: African

text: continents

text: Juvenile

text: pigs

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: piglets

text: Pigs

text: are

text: highly

text: social

text: and

text: intelligent

text: animals

text: The Neogene is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. The Neogene is sub-divided into two epochs, the earlier Miocene and the later Pliocene. Some geologists assert that the Neogene cannot be clearly delineated from the modern geological period, the Quaternary.

text: The

text: Neogene

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: Quaternary

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: Neogene

text: is

text: sub

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: epochs

text: the

text: earlier

text: Miocene

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: Pliocene

text: Some

text: geologists

text: assert

text: that

text: the

text: Neogene

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: clearly

text: delineated

text: from

text: the

text: modern

text: geological

text: period

text: the

text: Quaternary

text: The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Sir Charles Lyell. Its name comes from the Greek words (', less) and (', new) and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene. The Miocene follows the Oligocene Epoch and is followed by the Pliocene Epoch.

text: The

text: Miocene

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: geological

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: and

text: extends

text: from

text: about

text: Ma

text: The

text: Miocene

text: was

text: named

text: by

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Lyell

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: words

text: less

text: and

text: new

text: and

text: means

text: less

text: recent

text: because

text: it

text: has

text: fewer

text: modern

text: sea

text: invertebrates

text: than

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: The

text: Miocene

text: follows

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: Epoch

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: Epoch

text: Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Two species are traditionally recognised, the African elephant ("Loxodonta africana") and the Asian elephant ("Elephas maximus"), although some evidence suggests that African bush elephants and African forest elephants are separate species ("L. africana" and "L. cyclotis" respectively). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae is the only surviving family of the order Proboscidea; other, now extinct, members of the order include deinotheres, gomphotheres, mammoths, and mastodons. Male African elephants are the largest extant terrestrial animals and can reach a height of and weigh . All elephants have several distinctive features, the most notable of which is a long trunk or proboscis, used for many purposes, particularly breathing, lifting water, and grasping objects. Their incisors grow into tusks, which can serve as weapons and as tools for moving objects and digging. Elephants' large ear flaps help to control their body temperature. Their pillar-like legs can carry their great weight. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs.

text: Elephants

text: are

text: large

text: mammals

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Elephantidae

text: and

text: the

text: order

text: Proboscidea

text: Two

text: species

text: are

text: traditionally

text: recognised

text: the

text: African

text: elephant

text: Loxodonta

text: africana

text: and

text: the

text: Asian

text: elephant

text: Elephas

text: maximus

text: although

text: some

text: evidence

text: suggests

text: that

text: African

text: bush

text: elephants

text: and

text: African

text: forest

text: elephants

text: are

text: separate

text: species

text: africana

text: and

text: cyclotis

text: respectively

text: Elephants

text: are

text: scattered

text: throughout

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Elephantidae

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: surviving

text: family

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Proboscidea

text: other

text: now

text: extinct

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: include

text: deinotheres

text: gomphotheres

text: mammoths

text: and

text: mastodons

text: Male

text: African

text: elephants

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: extant

text: terrestrial

text: animals

text: and

text: can

text: reach

text: height

text: of

text: and

text: weigh

text: All

text: elephants

text: have

text: several

text: distinctive

text: features

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: long

text: trunk

text: or

text: proboscis

text: used

text: for

text: many

text: purposes

text: particularly

text: breathing

text: lifting

text: water

text: and

text: grasping

text: objects

text: Their

text: incisors

text: grow

text: into

text: tusks

text: which

text: can

text: serve

text: as

text: weapons

text: and

text: as

text: tools

text: for

text: moving

text: objects

text: and

text: digging

text: Elephants

text: large

text: ear

text: flaps

text: help

text: to

text: control

text: their

text: body

text: temperature

text: Their

text: pillar

text: like

text: legs

text: can

text: carry

text: their

text: great

text: weight

text: African

text: elephants

text: have

text: larger

text: ears

text: and

text: concave

text: backs

text: while

text: Asian

text: elephants

text: have

text: smaller

text: ears

text: and

text: convex

text: or

text: level

text: backs

text: Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France.

text: Paris

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: within

text: its

text: administrative

text: limits

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: both

text: commune

text: and

text: department

text: and

text: forms

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: or

text: Paris

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: comprising

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: France

text: Libycosaurus ("Lizard of Libya") was one of the last anthracothere genera. It lived from the Middle to the Late Miocene, and ranged throughout Central and Northern Africa, and in Uganda, in what was then a lush, marshy environment.

text: Libycosaurus

text: Lizard

text: of

text: Libya

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: anthracothere

text: genera

text: It

text: lived

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: to

text: the

text: Late

text: Miocene

text: and

text: ranged

text: throughout

text: Central

text: and

text: Northern

text: Africa

text: and

text: in

text: Uganda

text: in

text: what

text: was

text: then

text: lush

text: marshy

text: environment

text: The transition between the end of the Eocene and the beginning of the Oligocene is marked by large-scale extinction and floral and faunal turnover (although minor in comparison to the largest mass extinctions). Most of the affected organisms were marine or aquatic in nature. They included the last of the ancient cetaceans, the Archaeoceti.

text: The

text: transition

text: between

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Eocene

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: is

text: marked

text: by

text: large

text: scale

text: extinction

text: and

text: floral

text: and

text: faunal

text: turnover

text: although

text: minor

text: in

text: comparison

text: to

text: the

text: largest

text: mass

text: extinctions

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: affected

text: organisms

text: were

text: marine

text: or

text: aquatic

text: in

text: nature

text: They

text: included

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: cetaceans

text: the

text: Archaeoceti

text: The Phanerozoic Eon (British English Phanærozoic) is the current geologic eon in the geologic time scale, and the one during which abundant animal and plant life has existed. It covers million years to the present, and began with the Cambrian Period when diverse hard-shelled animals first appeared. Its name was derived from the Ancient Greek words (phanerós) and (z), meaning "visible life", since it was once believed that life began in the Cambrian, the first period of this eon. The time before the Phanerozoic, called the "Precambrian" supereon, is now divided into the Hadean, Archaean and Proterozoic eons.

text: The

text: Phanerozoic

text: Eon

text: British

text: English

text: Phanærozoic

text: is

text: the

text: current

text: geologic

text: eon

text: in

text: the

text: geologic

text: time

text: scale

text: and

text: the

text: one

text: during

text: which

text: abundant

text: animal

text: and

text: plant

text: life

text: has

text: existed

text: It

text: covers

text: million

text: years

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: and

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: Period

text: when

text: diverse

text: hard

text: shelled

text: animals

text: first

text: appeared

text: Its

text: name

text: was

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: words

text: phanerós

text: and

text: meaning

text: visible

text: life

text: since

text: it

text: was

text: once

text: believed

text: that

text: life

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: the

text: first

text: period

text: of

text: this

text: eon

text: The

text: time

text: before

text: the

text: Phanerozoic

text: called

text: the

text: Precambrian

text: supereon

text: is

text: now

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: Hadean

text: Archaean

text: and

text: Proterozoic

text: eons

text: Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). The animal kingdom emerged as a basal clade within Apoikozoa as a sister of the choanoflagellates. Sponges are the most basal clade of animals. Animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently at some point in their lives. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later in their lives. All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance.

text: Animals

text: are

text: multicellular

text: eukaryotic

text: organisms

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Animalia

text: also

text: called

text: Metazoa

text: The

text: animal

text: kingdom

text: emerged

text: as

text: basal

text: clade

text: within

text: Apoikozoa

text: as

text: sister

text: of

text: the

text: choanoflagellates

text: Sponges

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: basal

text: clade

text: of

text: animals

text: Animals

text: are

text: motile

text: meaning

text: they

text: can

text: move

text: spontaneously

text: and

text: independently

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: their

text: lives

text: Their

text: body

text: plan

text: eventually

text: becomes

text: fixed

text: as

text: they

text: develop

text: although

text: some

text: undergo

text: process

text: of

text: metamorphosis

text: later

text: in

text: their

text: lives

text: All

text: animals

text: are

text: heterotrophs

text: they

text: must

text: ingest

text: other

text: organisms

text: or

text: their

text: products

text: for

text: sustenance

text:
Tertiary is the former term for the geologic period from 66 million to 2.58 million years ago, a time span that lies between the superseded Secondary period and the Quaternary. The Tertiary is no longer recognized as a formal unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, but the word is still widely used. The traditional span of the Tertiary has been divided between the Paleogene and Neogene Periods and extends to the first stage of the Pleistocene Epoch, the Gelasian age.
The period began with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs in the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event, at the start of the Cenozoic Era, and extended to the beginning of the Quaternary glaciation at the end of the Pliocene Epoch.

text: Tertiary

text: is

text: the

text: former

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: geologic

text: period

text: from

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: time

text: span

text: that

text: lies

text: between

text: the

text: superseded

text: Secondary

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: Quaternary

text: The

text: Tertiary

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: recognized

text: as

text: formal

text: unit

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Commission

text: on

text: Stratigraphy

text: but

text: the

text: word

text: is

text: still

text: widely

text: used

text: The

text: traditional

text: span

text: of

text: the

text: Tertiary

text: has

text: been

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: and

text: Neogene

text: Periods

text: and

text: extends

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: stage

text: of

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: Epoch

text: the

text: Gelasian

text: age

text: The

text: period

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: demise

text: of

text: the

text: non

text: avian

text: dinosaurs

text: in

text: the

text: CretaceousPaleogene

text: extinction

text: event

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: and

text: extended

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Quaternary

text: glaciation

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: Epoch

text: The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP. It is the second and youngest epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch. Prior to the 2009 revision of the geologic time scale, which placed the four most recent major glaciations entirely within the Pleistocene, the Pliocene also included the Gelasian stage, which lasted from 2.588 to 1.806 million years ago, and is now included in the Pleistocene.

text: The

text: Pliocene

text: also

text: Pleiocene

text: Epoch

text: is

text: the

text: epoch

text: in

text: the

text: geologic

text: timescale

text: that

text: extends

text: from

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: BP

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: youngest

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: in

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Pliocene

text: follows

text: the

text: Miocene

text: Epoch

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: Epoch

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: revision

text: of

text: the

text: geologic

text: time

text: scale

text: which

text: placed

text: the

text: four

text: most

text: recent

text: major

text: glaciations

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: Gelasian

text: stage

text: which

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: Merycopotamus is an extinct genus of Asian anthracothere that appeared during the Middle Miocene, and died out in the Late Pliocene. At the height of the genus' influence, species ranged throughout southern Asia. With the extinction of the last species, "M. dissimilis", the lineage of anthracotheres came to an end. "Merycopotamus" was closely related to the anthracothere genus "Libycosaurus", which, unlike the former, never left Africa. In fact, some African fossils originally placed in "Merycopotamus", but are now referred to "Libycosaurus".

text: Merycopotamus

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: genus

text: of

text: Asian

text: anthracothere

text: that

text: appeared

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Miocene

text: and

text: died

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Pliocene

text: At

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: influence

text: species

text: ranged

text: throughout

text: southern

text: Asia

text: With

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: species

text: dissimilis

text: the

text: lineage

text: of

text: anthracotheres

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: Merycopotamus

text: was

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: anthracothere

text: genus

text: Libycosaurus

text: which

text: unlike

text: the

text: former

text: never

text: left

text: Africa

text: In

text: fact

text: some

text: African

text: fossils

text: originally

text: placed

text: in

text: Merycopotamus

text: but

text: are

text: now

text: referred

text: to

text: Libycosaurus

text: The common hippopotamus ("Hippopotamus amphibius"), or hippo, is a large, mostly herbivorous mammal in sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus ("Choeropsis liberiensis" or "Hexaprotodon liberiensis"). The name comes from the ancient Greek for "river horse". After the elephant and rhinoceros, the common hippopotamus is the third-largest type of land mammal and the heaviest extant artiodactyl. Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, the closest living relatives of the Hippopotamidae are cetaceans (whales, porpoises, etc.) from which they diverged about . The common ancestor of whales and hippos split from other even-toed ungulates around . The earliest known hippopotamus fossils, belonging to the genus "Kenyapotamus" in Africa, date to around .

text: The

text: common

text: hippopotamus

text: Hippopotamus

text: amphibius

text: or

text: hippo

text: is

text: large

text: mostly

text: herbivorous

text: mammal

text: in

text: sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: two

text: extant

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Hippopotamidae

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: the

text: pygmy

text: hippopotamus

text: Choeropsis

text: liberiensis

text: or

text: Hexaprotodon

text: liberiensis

text: The

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: for

text: river

text: horse

text: After

text: the

text: elephant

text: and

text: rhinoceros

text: the

text: common

text: hippopotamus

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: type

text: of

text: land

text: mammal

text: and

text: the

text: heaviest

text: extant

text: artiodactyl

text: Despite

text: their

text: physical

text: resemblance

text: to

text: pigs

text: and

text: other

text: terrestrial

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: the

text: closest

text: living

text: relatives

text: of

text: the

text: Hippopotamidae

text: are

text: cetaceans

text: whales

text: porpoises

text: etc

text: from

text: which

text: they

text: diverged

text: about

text: The

text: common

text: ancestor

text: of

text: whales

text: and

text: hippos

text: split

text: from

text: other

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: around

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: hippopotamus

text: fossils

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Kenyapotamus

text: in

text: Africa

text: date

text: to

text: around

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: Ungulates (pronounced ) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami. Most terrestrial ungulates use the tips of their toes, usually hoofed, to sustain their whole body weight while moving. The term means, roughly, "being hoofed" or "hoofed animal". As a descriptive term, "ungulate" normally excludes cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises), as they do not possess most of the typical morphological characteristics of ungulates, but recent discoveries indicate that they are descended from early artiodactyls. Ungulates are typically herbivorous (though some species are omnivorous, such as pigs), and many employ specialized gut bacteria to allow them to digest cellulose, as in the case of ruminants. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from jungles, plains and rivers.

text: Ungulates

text: pronounced

text: are

text: any

text: members

text: of

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: primarily

text: large

text: mammals

text: that

text: includes

text: odd

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: such

text: as

text: horses

text: and

text: rhinoceroses

text: and

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: such

text: as

text: cattle

text: pigs

text: giraffes

text: camels

text: deer

text: and

text: hippopotami

text: Most

text: terrestrial

text: ungulates

text: use

text: the

text: tips

text: of

text: their

text: toes

text: usually

text: hoofed

text: to

text: sustain

text: their

text: whole

text: body

text: weight

text: while

text: moving

text: The

text: term

text: means

text: roughly

text: being

text: hoofed

text: or

text: hoofed

text: animal

text: As

text: descriptive

text: term

text: ungulate

text: normally

text: excludes

text: cetaceans

text: whales

text: dolphins

text: porpoises

text: as

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: possess

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: typical

text: morphological

text: characteristics

text: of

text: ungulates

text: but

text: recent

text: discoveries

text: indicate

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: descended

text: from

text: early

text: artiodactyls

text: Ungulates

text: are

text: typically

text: herbivorous

text: though

text: some

text: species

text: are

text: omnivorous

text: such

text: as

text: pigs

text: and

text: many

text: employ

text: specialized

text: gut

text: bacteria

text: to

text: allow

text: them

text: to

text: digest

text: cellulose

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: ruminants

text: They

text: inhabit

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: habitats

text: from

text: jungles

text: plains

text: and

text: rivers

text: Nice (; Niçard , classical norm, or "", nonstandard,  ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes "département". The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of . Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille. Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.

text: Nice

text: Niçard

text: classical

text: norm

text: or

text: nonstandard

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Alpes

text: Maritimes

text: département

text: The

text: urban

text: area

text: of

text: Nice

text: extends

text: beyond

text: the

text: administrative

text: city

text: limits

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: on

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: Riviera

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: France

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: Nice

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: French

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Provence

text: Alpes

text: Côte

text: d'Azur

text: region

text: after

text: Marseille

text: Nice

text: is

text: about

text: kilometres

text: miles

text: from

text: the

text: principality

text: of

text: Monaco

text: and

text: its

text: airport

text: is

text: gateway

text: to

text: the

text: principality

text: as

text: well

text: North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: within

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: considered

text: northern

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals. They are an informal grouping within the infraorder Cetacea, usually excluding dolphins and porpoises. Whales, dolphins and porpoises belong to the order Cetartiodactyla with even-toed ungulates and their closest living relatives are the hippopotamuses, having diverged about 40 million years ago. The two parvorders of whales, baleen whales (Mysticeti) and toothed whales (Odontoceti), are thought to have split apart around 34 million years ago. The whales comprise eight extant families: Balaenopteridae (the rorquals), Balaenidae (right whales), Cetotheriidae (the pygmy right whale), Eschrichtiidae (the gray whale), Monodontidae (belugas and narwhals), Physeteridae (the sperm whale), Kogiidae (the dwarf and pygmy sperm whale), and Ziphiidae (the beaked whales).

text: Whales

text: are

text: widely

text: distributed

text: and

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: fully

text: aquatic

text: placental

text: marine

text: mammals

text: They

text: are

text: an

text: informal

text: grouping

text: within

text: the

text: infraorder

text: Cetacea

text: usually

text: excluding

text: dolphins

text: and

text: porpoises

text: Whales

text: dolphins

text: and

text: porpoises

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: order

text: Cetartiodactyla

text: with

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: and

text: their

text: closest

text: living

text: relatives

text: are

text: the

text: hippopotamuses

text: having

text: diverged

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: two

text: parvorders

text: of

text: whales

text: baleen

text: whales

text: Mysticeti

text: and

text: toothed

text: whales

text: Odontoceti

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: split

text: apart

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: whales

text: comprise

text: eight

text: extant

text: families

text: Balaenopteridae

text: the

text: rorquals

text: Balaenidae

text: right

text: whales

text: Cetotheriidae

text: the

text: pygmy

text: right

text: whale

text: Eschrichtiidae

text: the

text: gray

text: whale

text: Monodontidae

text: belugas

text: and

text: narwhals

text: Physeteridae

text: the

text: sperm

text: whale

text: Kogiidae

text: the

text: dwarf

text: and

text: pygmy

text: sperm

text: whale

text: and

text: Ziphiidae

text: the

text: beaked

text: whales

text: Porpoises are a group of fully aquatic marine mammals that are sometimes referred to as mereswine, all of which are classified under the family Phocoenidae, parvorder Odontoceti (toothed whales). There are six extant species of porpoise. They are small toothed whales that are very closely related to oceanic dolphins. The most obvious visible difference between the two groups is that porpoises have shorter beaks and flattened, spade-shaped teeth distinct from the conical teeth of dolphins. Porpoises, and other cetaceans, belong to the clade Cetartiodactyla with even-toed ungulates, and their closest living relatives are the hippopotamuses, having diverged from them about 40 million years ago.

text: Porpoises

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: fully

text: aquatic

text: marine

text: mammals

text: that

text: are

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: mereswine

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: classified

text: under

text: the

text: family

text: Phocoenidae

text: parvorder

text: Odontoceti

text: toothed

text: whales

text: There

text: are

text: six

text: extant

text: species

text: of

text: porpoise

text: They

text: are

text: small

text: toothed

text: whales

text: that

text: are

text: very

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: oceanic

text: dolphins

text: The

text: most

text: obvious

text: visible

text: difference

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: groups

text: is

text: that

text: porpoises

text: have

text: shorter

text: beaks

text: and

text: flattened

text: spade

text: shaped

text: teeth

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: conical

text: teeth

text: of

text: dolphins

text: Porpoises

text: and

text: other

text: cetaceans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: clade

text: Cetartiodactyla

text: with

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: and

text: their

text: closest

text: living

text: relatives

text: are

text: the

text: hippopotamuses

text: having

text: diverged

text: from

text: them

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Lyon or (more archaically) Lyons (or  ) is a city in east-central France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, about from Paris and from Marseille. Inhabitants of the city are called "Lyonnais".

text: Lyon

text: or

text: more

text: archaically

text: Lyons

text: or

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: east

text: central

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Auvergne

text: Rhône

text: Alpes

text: region

text: about

text: from

text: Paris

text: and

text: from

text: Marseille

text: Inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: are

text: called

text: Lyonnais

text: Anthracotheriidae is a family of extinct , hippopotamus - like artiodactyl ungulates related to hippopotamuses and whales . The oldest genus , Elomeryx , first appeared during the middle Eocene in Asia . They thrived in Africa and Eurasia , with a few species ultimately entering North America during the Oligocene . They died out in Europe and Africa during the Miocene , possibly due to a combination of climatic changes and competition with other artiodactyls , including pigs and true hippopotamuses . The youngest genus , Merycopotamus , died out in Asia during the late Pliocene . The family is named after the first genus discovered , Anthracotherium , which means `` coal beast '' , as the first fossils of it were found in Paleogene - aged coal beds in France . Fossil remains of the anthracothere genus were discovered by the Harvard University and Geological Survey of Pakistan joint research project ( Y - GSP ) in the well - dated middle and late Miocene deposits of the Pothohar Plateau in northern Pakistan . In life , the average anthracothere would have resembled a skinny hippopotamus with a comparatively small , narrow head and most likely pig - like in general appearance . They had four or five toes on each foot , and broad feet suited to walking on soft mud . They had full sets of about 44 teeth with five semicrescentric cusps on the upper molars , which , in some species , were adapted for digging up the roots of aquatic plants .

text: Anthracotheriidae

text: is

text: family

text: of

text: extinct

text: hippopotamus

text: like

text: artiodactyl

text: ungulates

text: related

text: to

text: hippopotamuses

text: and

text: whales

text: The

text: oldest

text: genus

text: Elomeryx

text: first

text: appeared

text: during

text: the

text: middle

text: Eocene

text: in

text: Asia

text: They

text: thrived

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: few

text: species

text: ultimately

text: entering

text: North

text: America

text: during

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: They

text: died

text: out

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Africa

text: during

text: the

text: Miocene

text: possibly

text: due

text: to

text: combination

text: of

text: climatic

text: changes

text: and

text: competition

text: with

text: other

text: artiodactyls

text: including

text: pigs

text: and

text: true

text: hippopotamuses

text: The

text: youngest

text: genus

text: Merycopotamus

text: died

text: out

text: in

text: Asia

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: Pliocene

text: The

text: family

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: genus

text: discovered

text: Anthracotherium

text: which

text: means

text: coal

text: beast

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: fossils

text: of

text: it

text: were

text: found

text: in

text: Paleogene

text: aged

text: coal

text: beds

text: in

text: France

text: Fossil

text: remains

text: of

text: the

text: anthracothere

text: genus

text: were

text: discovered

text: by

text: the

text: Harvard

text: University

text: and

text: Geological

text: Survey

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: joint

text: research

text: project

text: GSP

text: in

text: the

text: well

text: dated

text: middle

text: and

text: late

text: Miocene

text: deposits

text: of

text: the

text: Pothohar

text: Plateau

text: in

text: northern

text: Pakistan

text: In

text: life

text: the

text: average

text: anthracothere

text: would

text: have

text: resembled

text: skinny

text: hippopotamus

text: with

text: comparatively

text: small

text: narrow

text: head

text: and

text: most

text: likely

text: pig

text: like

text: in

text: general

text: appearance

text: They

text: had

text: four

text: or

text: five

text: toes

text: on

text: each

text: foot

text: and

text: broad

text: feet

text: suited

text: to

text: walking

text: on

text: soft

text: mud

text: They

text: had

text: full

text: sets

text: of

text: about

text: teeth

text: with

text: five

text: semicrescentric

text: cusps

text: on

text: the

text: upper

text: molars

text: which

text: in

text: some

text: species

text: were

text: adapted

text: for

text: digging

text: up

text: the

text: roots

text: of

text: aquatic

text: plants

text: Deer (singular and plural) are the ruminant mammals forming the family Cervidae. The two main groups are the Cervinae, including the muntjac, the fallow deer and the chital, and the Capreolinae, including the elk, reindeer (caribou), the Western roe deer, and the Eurasian elk (moose). Female reindeer, and male deer of all species (except the Chinese water deer), grow and shed new antlers each year. In this they differ from permanently horned antelope, which are in the same order, Artiodactyla.

text: Deer

text: singular

text: and

text: plural

text: are

text: the

text: ruminant

text: mammals

text: forming

text: the

text: family

text: Cervidae

text: The

text: two

text: main

text: groups

text: are

text: the

text: Cervinae

text: including

text: the

text: muntjac

text: the

text: fallow

text: deer

text: and

text: the

text: chital

text: and

text: the

text: Capreolinae

text: including

text: the

text: elk

text: reindeer

text: caribou

text: the

text: Western

text: roe

text: deer

text: and

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: elk

text: moose

text: Female

text: reindeer

text: and

text: male

text: deer

text: of

text: all

text: species

text: except

text: the

text: Chinese

text: water

text: deer

text: grow

text: and

text: shed

text: new

text: antlers

text: each

text: year

text: In

text: this

text: they

text: differ

text: from

text: permanently

text: horned

text: antelope

text: which

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: order

text: Artiodactyla

text: The pygmy hippopotamus ("Choeropsis liberiensis" or "Hexaprotodon liberiensis") is a small hippopotamid which is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coast.

text: The

text: pygmy

text: hippopotamus

text: Choeropsis

text: liberiensis

text: or

text: Hexaprotodon

text: liberiensis

text: is

text: small

text: hippopotamid

text: which

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: forests

text: and

text: swamps

text: of

text: West

text: Africa

text: primarily

text: in

text: Liberia

text: with

text: small

text: populations

text: in

text: Sierra

text: Leone

text: Guinea

text: and

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: A rhinoceros (meaning "nose horn"), often abbreviated to rhino, is one of any five extant species of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae, as well as any of the numerous extinct species. Two of these extant species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia.

text: rhinoceros

text: meaning

text: nose

text: horn

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: rhino

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: any

text: five

text: extant

text: species

text: of

text: odd

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Rhinocerotidae

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: numerous

text: extinct

text: species

text: Two

text: of

text: these

text: extant

text: species

text: are

text: native

text: to

text: Africa

text: and

text: three

text: to

text: Southern

text: Asia

text: The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or "shelf") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, with an area of around .

text: The

text: North

text: Sea

text: is

text: marginal

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: located

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Scandinavia

text: Germany

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Belgium

text: and

text: France

text: An

text: epeiric

text: or

text: shelf

text: sea

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continental

text: shelf

text: it

text: connects

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: through

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: around

text: Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands. The sister group of mammals may be the extinct "Haldanodon." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida, which together with the Sauropsida form the Amniota clade. The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria.

text: Mammals

text: are

text: any

text: vertebrates

text: within

text: the

text: class

text: Mammalia

text: from

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: breast

text: clade

text: of

text: endothermic

text: amniotes

text: distinguished

text: from

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: by

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: neocortex

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: hair

text: three

text: middle

text: ear

text: bones

text: and

text: mammary

text: glands

text: The

text: sister

text: group

text: of

text: mammals

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: extinct

text: Haldanodon

text: The

text: mammals

text: represent

text: the

text: only

text: living

text: Synapsida

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Sauropsida

text: form

text: the

text: Amniota

text: clade

text: The

text: mammals

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Yinotheria

text: including

text: monotrema

text: and

text: the

text: Theriiformes

text: including

text: the

text: theria

text: Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.

text: Binomial

text: nomenclature

text: also

text: called

text: binominal

text: nomenclature

text: or

text: binary

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: things

text: by

text: giving

text: each

text: name

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: use

text: Latin

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: Such

text: name

text: is

text: called

text: binomial

text: name

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: binomial

text: binomen

text: or

text: scientific

text: name

text: more

text: informally

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Latin

text: name

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: identifies

text: the

text: genus

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: species

text: belongs

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: identifies

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: example

text: humans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Homo

text: and

text: within

text: this

text: genus

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: The

text: formal

text: introduction

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: effectively

text: beginning

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: But

text: Gaspard

text: Bauhin

text: in

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: had

text: introduced

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Pinax

text: theatri

text: botanici

text: English

text: Illustrated

text: exposition

text: of

text: plants

text: many

text: names

text: of

text: genera

text: that

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: The Cretaceous is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period Mya. It is the last period of the Mesozoic Era. The Cretaceous Period is usually abbreviated K, for its German translation "Kreide" (chalk).

text: The

text: Cretaceous

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Jurassic

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: Period

text: Mya

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: last

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Mesozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

text: is

text: usually

text: abbreviated

text: for

text: its

text: German

text: translation

text: Kreide

text: chalk

text: Grasslands are areas where the vegetation is dominated by grasses (Poaceae), however sedge (Cyperaceae) and rush (Juncaceae) families can also be found. Grasslands occur naturally on all continents except Antarctica. Grasslands are found in most ecoregions of the Earth. For example, there are five terrestrial ecoregion classifications (subdivisions) of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome (ecosystem), which is one of eight terrestrial ecozones of the Earth's surface.

text: Grasslands

text: are

text: areas

text: where

text: the

text: vegetation

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: grasses

text: Poaceae

text: however

text: sedge

text: Cyperaceae

text: and

text: rush

text: Juncaceae

text: families

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: found

text: Grasslands

text: occur

text: naturally

text: on

text: all

text: continents

text: except

text: Antarctica

text: Grasslands

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: most

text: ecoregions

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: For

text: example

text: there

text: are

text: five

text: terrestrial

text: ecoregion

text: classifications

text: subdivisions

text: of

text: the

text: temperate

text: grasslands

text: savannas

text: and

text: shrublands

text: biome

text: ecosystem

text: which

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: eight

text: terrestrial

text: ecozones

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara desert. According to the UN, it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara. It contrasts with North Africa, whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world. Somalia, Djibouti, Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa, but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world.

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Africa

text: that

text: lies

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: desert

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: UN

text: it

text: consists

text: of

text: all

text: African

text: countries

text: that

text: are

text: fully

text: or

text: partially

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: It

text: contrasts

text: with

text: North

text: Africa

text: whose

text: territories

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Arab

text: states

text: within

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: Somalia

text: Djibouti

text: Comoros

text: and

text: Mauritania

text: are

text: geographically

text: in

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: but

text: are

text: likewise

text: Arab

text: states

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: The Paleogene (or ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Mya. It is the beginning of the Cenozoic Era of the present Phanerozoic Eon. The Paleogene is most notable for being the time during which mammals diversified from relatively small, simple forms into a large group of diverse animals in the wake of the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event that ended the preceding Cretaceous Period.

text: The

text: Paleogene

text: or

text: also

text: spelled

text: Palaeogene

text: or

text: Palæogene

text: informally

text: Lower

text: Tertiary

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: Mya

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: Phanerozoic

text: Eon

text: The

text: Paleogene

text: is

text: most

text: notable

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: time

text: during

text: which

text: mammals

text: diversified

text: from

text: relatively

text: small

text: simple

text: forms

text: into

text: large

text: group

text: of

text: diverse

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: CretaceousPaleogene

text: extinction

text: event

text: that

text: ended

text: the

text: preceding

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

text:
Elomeryx is an extinct genus of artiodactyl ungulate, and is among the earliest known anthracotheres. The genus was extremely widespread, first being found in Asia in the middle Eocene, in Europe during the latest Eocene, and having spread to North America by the early Oligocene.
"Elomeryx" was about in body length, and had a long, vaguely horse-like head. It had small tusks which it used to uproot plants, and spoon-shaped incisors ideal for pulling and cropping water plants. "Elomeryx" had five-toed hind legs and four-toed front legs, resulting in wide feet which made it easier to walk on soft mud. It probably had similar habits to the modern hippopotamus, to which it may have been related.

text: Elomeryx

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: genus

text: of

text: artiodactyl

text: ungulate

text: and

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: anthracotheres

text: The

text: genus

text: was

text: extremely

text: widespread

text: first

text: being

text: found

text: in

text: Asia

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: Eocene

text: in

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: latest

text: Eocene

text: and

text: having

text: spread

text: to

text: North

text: America

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: Oligocene

text: Elomeryx

text: was

text: about

text: in

text: body

text: length

text: and

text: had

text: long

text: vaguely

text: horse

text: like

text: head

text: It

text: had

text: small

text: tusks

text: which

text: it

text: used

text: to

text: uproot

text: plants

text: and

text: spoon

text: shaped

text: incisors

text: ideal

text: for

text: pulling

text: and

text: cropping

text: water

text: plants

text: Elomeryx

text: had

text: five

text: toed

text: hind

text: legs

text: and

text: four

text: toed

text: front

text: legs

text: resulting

text: in

text: wide

text: feet

text: which

text: made

text: it

text: easier

text: to

text: walk

text: on

text: soft

text: mud

text: It

text: probably

text: had

text: similar

text: habits

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: hippopotamus

text: to

text: which

text: it

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: related

text: A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water.

text: continent

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: very

text: large

text: landmasses

text: on

text: Earth

text: Generally

text: identified

text: by

text: convention

text: rather

text: than

text: any

text: strict

text: criteria

text: up

text: to

text: seven

text: regions

text: are

text: commonly

text: regarded

text: as

text: continents

text: Ordered

text: from

text: largest

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: smallest

text: they

text: are

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: North

text: America

text: South

text: America

text: Antarctica

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: In

text: geology

text: areas

text: of

text: continental

text: crust

text: include

text: regions

text: covered

text: with

text: water

text: The Sahara (", 'the Greatest Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of is comparable to the area of the United States.

text: The

text: Sahara

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Desert

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: hot

text: desert

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: desert

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Its

text: area

text: of

text: is

text: comparable

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: French Guiana (pronounced or ), officially called Guiana, is an overseas department and region of France, located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas. It borders Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km, with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, its capital. By land area, it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union.

text: French

text: Guiana

text: pronounced

text: or

text: officially

text: called

text: Guiana

text: is

text: an

text: overseas

text: department

text: and

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: in

text: the

text: Guyanas

text: It

text: borders

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: Suriname

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Its

text: area

text: has

text: very

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: only

text: inhabitants

text: per

text: km

text: with

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: Cayenne

text: its

text: capital

text: By

text: land

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: outermost

text: region

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text:
Hexaprotodon is a genus of Hippopotamidae that is sometimes applied to the pygmy hippopotamus. Pygmy hippos may be classified as either "Choeropsis liberiensis" or "Hexaprotodon liberiensis". The name "Hexaprotodon" means "six front teeth" as some of the fossil forms have three pairs of incisors.
The genus Hexaprotodon also includes a number of rarely studied extinct species from Asia, sometimes labeled "Asian Hippopotami."

text: Hexaprotodon

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: Hippopotamidae

text: that

text: is

text: sometimes

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: pygmy

text: hippopotamus

text: Pygmy

text: hippos

text: may

text: be

text: classified

text: as

text: either

text: Choeropsis

text: liberiensis

text: or

text: Hexaprotodon

text: liberiensis

text: The

text: name

text: Hexaprotodon

text: means

text: six

text: front

text: teeth

text: as

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: fossil

text: forms

text: have

text: three

text: pairs

text: of

text: incisors

text: The

text: genus

text: Hexaprotodon

text: also

text: includes

text: number

text: of

text: rarely

text: studied

text: extinct

text: species

text: from

text: Asia

text: sometimes

text: labeled

text: Asian

text: Hippopotami

text: Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers , and had a population of approximately 45 million people in July 2014.

text: Kenya

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Kenya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: African

text: Community

text: EAC

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Nairobi

text: Kenya

text: 's

text: territory

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: equator

text: and

text: overlies

text: the

text: East

text: African

text: Rift

text: covering

text: diverse

text: and

text: expansive

text: terrain

text: that

text: extends

text: roughly

text: from

text: Lake

text: Victoria

text: to

text: Lake

text: Turkana

text: formerly

text: called

text: Lake

text: Rudolf

text: and

text: further

text: south

text: east

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Tanzania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southwest

text: Uganda

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: South

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: Ethiopia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Somalia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Kenya

text: covers

text: and

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: in

text: July

text: Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a "backbone" or "spine"), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects; crabs, lobsters and their kin; snails, clams, octopuses and their kin; starfish, sea-urchins and their kin; and worms.

text: Invertebrates

text: are

text: animals

text: that

text: neither

text: possess

text: nor

text: develop

text: vertebral

text: column

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: backbone

text: or

text: spine

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: notochord

text: This

text: includes

text: all

text: animals

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: subphylum

text: Vertebrata

text: Familiar

text: examples

text: of

text: invertebrates

text: include

text: insects

text: crabs

text: lobsters

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: snails

text: clams

text: octopuses

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: starfish

text: sea

text: urchins

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: and

text: worms

text: The Eocene Epoch, lasting from , is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the "Grande Coupure" (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the EoceneOligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in what is now Chesapeake Bay. As with other geologic periods, the strata that define the start and end of the epoch are well identified, though their exact dates are slightly uncertain.

text: The

text: Eocene

text: Epoch

text: lasting

text: from

text: is

text: major

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: geologic

text: timescale

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: Period

text: in

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Eocene

text: spans

text: the

text: time

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Paleocene

text: Epoch

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: Epoch

text: The

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Eocene

text: is

text: marked

text: by

text: brief

text: period

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: concentration

text: of

text: the

text: carbon

text: isotope

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: was

text: exceptionally

text: low

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: the

text: more

text: common

text: isotope

text: The

text: end

text: is

text: set

text: at

text: major

text: extinction

text: event

text: called

text: the

text: Grande

text: Coupure

text: the

text: Great

text: Break

text: in

text: continuity

text: or

text: the

text: EoceneOligocene

text: extinction

text: event

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: large

text: bolides

text: in

text: Siberia

text: and

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Chesapeake

text: Bay

text: As

text: with

text: other

text: geologic

text: periods

text: the

text: strata

text: that

text: define

text: the

text: start

text: and

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: epoch

text: are

text: well

text: identified

text: though

text: their

text: exact

text: dates

text: are

text: slightly

text: uncertain

question: parent_taxon anthracotheriidae

answer: artiodactyla

text: artiodactyla


text:
Progressive metal (sometimes known as prog metal or technical metal) is a fusion genre melding heavy metal and progressive rock which combines the loud "aggression" and amplified guitar-driven sound of the former with the more experimental, cerebral or "pseudo-classical" compositions of the latter.
Whilst the genre emerged towards the late-1980s, it was not until the 1990s that progressive metal achieved commercial success. Dream Theater, Queensrÿche, Tool, Symphony X and Fates Warning are a few examples of progressive metal bands who achieved commercial success; additionally, many other thrash and death metal bands started to incorporate elements of progressive music in their work. Progressive metal's popularity started to decline towards the end of the 1990s, but it still remains a largely diffused underground genre with a committed fan base.

text: Progressive

text: metal

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: prog

text: metal

text: or

text: technical

text: metal

text: is

text: fusion

text: genre

text: melding

text: heavy

text: metal

text: and

text: progressive

text: rock

text: which

text: combines

text: the

text: loud

text: aggression

text: and

text: amplified

text: guitar

text: driven

text: sound

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: with

text: the

text: more

text: experimental

text: cerebral

text: or

text: pseudo

text: classical

text: compositions

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: Whilst

text: the

text: genre

text: emerged

text: towards

text: the

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: until

text: the

text: that

text: progressive

text: metal

text: achieved

text: commercial

text: success

text: Dream

text: Theater

text: Queensrÿche

text: Tool

text: Symphony

text: and

text: Fates

text: Warning

text: are

text: few

text: examples

text: of

text: progressive

text: metal

text: bands

text: who

text: achieved

text: commercial

text: success

text: additionally

text: many

text: other

text: thrash

text: and

text: death

text: metal

text: bands

text: started

text: to

text: incorporate

text: elements

text: of

text: progressive

text: music

text: in

text: their

text: work

text: Progressive

text: metal

text: 's

text: popularity

text: started

text: to

text: decline

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: but

text: it

text: still

text: remains

text: largely

text: diffused

text: underground

text: genre

text: with

text: committed

text: fan

text: base

text: Jordan Rudess (born Jordan Charles Rudes; November 4, 1956) is an American keyboardist and composer best known as a member of the progressive metal/rock band Dream Theater and the progressive rock supergroup Liquid Tension Experiment.

text: Jordan

text: Rudess

text: born

text: Jordan

text: Charles

text: Rudes

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: keyboardist

text: and

text: composer

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: progressive

text: metal

text: rock

text: band

text: Dream

text: Theater

text: and

text: the

text: progressive

text: rock

text: supergroup

text: Liquid

text: Tension

text: Experiment

text: Liquid Tension Experiment (LTE) was an instrumental progressive metal band founded by Mike Portnoy, then Dream Theater's drummer, in 1997. The band has released two albums through Magna Carta Records. A third album, with the absence of John Petrucci was released in 2007 under the name "Liquid Trio Experiment". A live album with the absence of Jordan Rudess (mostly) was released in 2009 under the name "Liquid Trio Experiment 2". Three live albums and two videos were released in 2009 by the complete band.

text: Liquid

text: Tension

text: Experiment

text: LTE

text: was

text: an

text: instrumental

text: progressive

text: metal

text: band

text: founded

text: by

text: Mike

text: Portnoy

text: then

text: Dream

text: Theater

text: 's

text: drummer

text: in

text: The

text: band

text: has

text: released

text: two

text: albums

text: through

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: Records

text: third

text: album

text: with

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: John

text: Petrucci

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Liquid

text: Trio

text: Experiment

text: live

text: album

text: with

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: Jordan

text: Rudess

text: mostly

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Liquid

text: Trio

text: Experiment

text: Three

text: live

text: albums

text: and

text: two

text: videos

text: were

text: released

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: complete

text: band

text: The Road Home is a cover album by Jordan Rudess . It was released on September 12 , 2007 . Rudess 's arrangements of these classic prog tracks include many sections that were not in the original songs , especially solos . Track 5 is the only original piece .

text: The

text: Road

text: Home

text: is

text: cover

text: album

text: by

text: Jordan

text: Rudess

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: September

text: Rudess

text: 's

text: arrangements

text: of

text: these

text: classic

text: prog

text: tracks

text: include

text: many

text: sections

text: that

text: were

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: original

text: songs

text: especially

text: solos

text: Track

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: original

text: piece

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely multiple

question: record_label the road home

answer: magna carta records

text: magna carta records