text: Alejandro Fernández Vázquez ( born 4 April 1980 in Langreo , Asturias ) , known as Jano , is a Spanish professional footballer who plays for Caudal Deportivo as a defender .

text: Alejandro

text: Fernández

text: Vázquez

text: born

text: April

text: in

text: Langreo

text: Asturias

text: known

text: as

text: Jano

text: is

text: Spanish

text: professional

text: footballer

text: who

text: plays

text: for

text: Caudal

text: Deportivo

text: as

text: defender

text: The Kingdom of Asturias was a kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula founded in 718 by the nobleman Pelagius of Asturias. It was the first Christian political entity established after the Umayyad conquest of Visigoth Hispania in 718 or 722. That year, Pelagius defeated an Umayyad patrol at the Battle of Covadonga, in what is usually regarded as the beginning of the Reconquista. The Kingdom of Asturias transitioned into the Kingdom of León in 924, when Fruela II of Asturias became king with his royal court in León.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Asturias

text: was

text: kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: nobleman

text: Pelagius

text: of

text: Asturias

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: Christian

text: political

text: entity

text: established

text: after

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: conquest

text: of

text: Visigoth

text: Hispania

text: in

text: or

text: That

text: year

text: Pelagius

text: defeated

text: an

text: Umayyad

text: patrol

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Covadonga

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: usually

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Reconquista

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Asturias

text: transitioned

text: into

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: León

text: in

text: when

text: Fruela

text: II

text: of

text: Asturias

text: became

text: king

text: with

text: his

text: royal

text: court

text: in

text: León

text: Asturias , officially the Principality of Asturias, is an autonomous community in north-west Spain. It is coextensive with the province of Asturias, and contains some of the territory that was part of the larger Kingdom of Asturias in the Middle Ages. Divided into eight "comarcas" (counties), the autonomous community of Asturias is bordered by Cantabria to the east, by Castile and León to the south, by Galicia to the west, and by the Bay of Biscay to the north.

text: Asturias

text: officially

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Asturias

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: community

text: in

text: north

text: west

text: Spain

text: It

text: is

text: coextensive

text: with

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Asturias

text: and

text: contains

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: that

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Asturias

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Divided

text: into

text: eight

text: comarcas

text: counties

text: the

text: autonomous

text: community

text: of

text: Asturias

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Cantabria

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Castile

text: and

text: León

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Galicia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

text: In

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: or

text: medieval

text: period

text: lasted

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: The

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: the

text: middle

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: traditional

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: history

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: medieval

text: period

text: is

text: itself

text: subdivided

text: into

text: the

text: Early

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Oviedo (Asturian: "Uviéu") is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain and the administrative and commercial centre of the region. It is also the name of the municipality that contains the city. Oviedo is located approximately to south of neighbouring cities Gijón and Avilés, which lie on the shoreline of the Bay of Biscay. Its proximity to the ocean causes Oviedo to have a maritime climate, in spite of it not being located on the shoreline itself.

text: Oviedo

text: Asturian

text: Uviéu

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Asturias

text: in

text: northern

text: Spain

text: and

text: the

text: administrative

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: municipality

text: that

text: contains

text: the

text: city

text: Oviedo

text: is

text: located

text: approximately

text: to

text: south

text: of

text: neighbouring

text: cities

text: Gijón

text: and

text: Avilés

text: which

text: lie

text: on

text: the

text: shoreline

text: of

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: Its

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: causes

text: Oviedo

text: to

text: have

text: maritime

text: climate

text: in

text: spite

text: of

text: it

text: not

text: being

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: shoreline

text: itself

text: Cantabria is a Spanish historical community and autonomous community with Santander as its capital city. It is bordered on the east by the Basque Autonomous Community (province of Biscay), on the south by Castile and León (provinces of León, Palencia and Burgos), on the west by the Principality of Asturias, and on the north by the Cantabrian Sea (Bay of Biscay).

text: Cantabria

text: is

text: Spanish

text: historical

text: community

text: and

text: autonomous

text: community

text: with

text: Santander

text: as

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Basque

text: Autonomous

text: Community

text: province

text: of

text: Biscay

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Castile

text: and

text: León

text: provinces

text: of

text: León

text: Palencia

text: and

text: Burgos

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Asturias

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Cantabrian

text: Sea

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: The Bay of Biscay (Basque: "Bizkaiko Golkoa," ) is a gulf of the northeast Atlantic Ocean located south of the Celtic Sea. It lies along the western coast of France from Brest south to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of Spain west to Cape Ortegal.

text: The

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: Basque

text: Bizkaiko

text: Golkoa

text: is

text: gulf

text: of

text: the

text: northeast

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: It

text: lies

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: Brest

text: south

text: to

text: the

text: Spanish

text: border

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: coast

text: of

text: Spain

text: west

text: to

text: Cape

text: Ortegal

text: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.

text: Spain

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: largely

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Europe

text: with

text: two

text: large

text: archipelagos

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: two

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: mainland

text: and

text: several

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Alboran

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: Moroccan

text: coast

text: Its

text: mainland

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Gibraltar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: France

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: border

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: country

text: Morocco

text: and

text: its

text: African

text: territory

text: accounts

text: for

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: Langreo is a municipality and town of northern Spain, province of The Principality of Asturias. It is the 4th largest town of Asturias with 43.000 inhabitants. Langreo is located in the centre of Asturias, approximately south-east of Oviedo. It was an important mining and metallurgical center.

text: Langreo

text: is

text: municipality

text: and

text: town

text: of

text: northern

text: Spain

text: province

text: of

text: The

text: Principality

text: of

text: Asturias

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: town

text: of

text: Asturias

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: Langreo

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: Asturias

text: approximately

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Oviedo

text: It

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: mining

text: and

text: metallurgical

text: center

text: The Segunda División, officially known as La Liga 2 and as La Liga 1|2|3 for sponsorship reasons, is the second professional association football division of the Spanish football league system. Administrated by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP), it is contested by 22 teams, with the top two teams plus the winner of a play-off promoted to La Liga and replaced by the three lowest-placed teams in that division.

text: The

text: Segunda

text: División

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: La

text: Liga

text: and

text: as

text: La

text: Liga

text: for

text: sponsorship

text: reasons

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: professional

text: association

text: football

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: football

text: league

text: system

text: Administrated

text: by

text: the

text: Liga

text: de

text: Fútbol

text: Profesional

text: LFP

text: it

text: is

text: contested

text: by

text: teams

text: with

text: the

text: top

text: two

text: teams

text: plus

text: the

text: winner

text: of

text: play

text: off

text: promoted

text: to

text: La

text: Liga

text: and

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: three

text: lowest

text: placed

text: teams

text: in

text: that

text: division

text: Caudal Deportivo is a Spanish football team based in Mieres, in the autonomous community of Asturias. Founded in 1918 it plays in Segunda División B  Group 1, holding home matches at "Estadio Hermanos Antuña" (built in 1951), with a capacity of 7,500 spectators (1,500 seated).

text: Caudal

text: Deportivo

text: is

text: Spanish

text: football

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Mieres

text: in

text: the

text: autonomous

text: community

text: of

text: Asturias

text: Founded

text: in

text: it

text: plays

text: in

text: Segunda

text: División

text: Group

text: holding

text: home

text: matches

text: at

text: Estadio

text: Hermanos

text: Antuña

text: built

text: in

text: with

text: capacity

text: of

text: spectators

text: seated

text: Castile and León (Leonese: "Castiella y Llión" ) is an autonomous community in north-western Spain. It was constituted in 1983, although it existed for the first time during the First Spanish Republic in the 19th century. León first appeared as a Kingdom in 910, whilst the Kingdom of Castile gained an independent identity in 1065 and was intermittently held in personal union with León before merging with it permanently in 1230. It is the largest autonomous community in Spain and the third largest region of the European Union, covering an area of with an official population of around 2.5 million (2011).

text: Castile

text: and

text: León

text: Leonese

text: Castiella

text: Llión

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: community

text: in

text: north

text: western

text: Spain

text: It

text: was

text: constituted

text: in

text: although

text: it

text: existed

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: Spanish

text: Republic

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: León

text: first

text: appeared

text: as

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: whilst

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Castile

text: gained

text: an

text: independent

text: identity

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: intermittently

text: held

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: with

text: León

text: before

text: merging

text: with

text: it

text: permanently

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: autonomous

text: community

text: in

text: Spain

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: covering

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: with

text: an

text: official

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

annotations: follows multiple

question: place_of_birth jano

answer: oviedo

text: oviedo

text: oviedo

text: oviedo

text: oviedo


text: Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of x86-compatible microprocessors designed and manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). The original Athlon (now called "Athlon Classic") was the first seventh-generation x86 processor. The original Athlon was the first desktop processor to reach speeds of one gigahertz (GHz). AMD has continued using the "Athlon" name with the Athlon 64, an eighth-generation processor featuring x86-64 (later renamed AMD64) architecture, and the Athlon II. AMD also uses the "Athlon" name for some of its series of APUs targeting the Socket AM1 desktop SoC architecture.

text: Athlon

text: is

text: the

text: brand

text: name

text: applied

text: to

text: series

text: of

text: microprocessors

text: designed

text: and

text: manufactured

text: by

text: Advanced

text: Micro

text: Devices

text: AMD

text: The

text: original

text: Athlon

text: now

text: called

text: Athlon

text: Classic

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: seventh

text: generation

text: processor

text: The

text: original

text: Athlon

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: desktop

text: processor

text: to

text: reach

text: speeds

text: of

text: one

text: gigahertz

text: GHz

text: AMD

text: has

text: continued

text: using

text: the

text: Athlon

text: name

text: with

text: the

text: Athlon

text: an

text: eighth

text: generation

text: processor

text: featuring

text: later

text: renamed

text: architecture

text: and

text: the

text: Athlon

text: II

text: AMD

text: also

text: uses

text: the

text: Athlon

text: name

text: for

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: series

text: of

text: APUs

text: targeting

text: the

text: Socket

text: desktop

text: SoC

text: architecture

text: Opteron is AMD's x86 server and workstation processor line, and was the first processor which supported the AMD64 instruction set architecture (known generically as x86-64). It was released on April 22, 2003 with the "SledgeHammer" core (K8) and was intended to compete in the server and workstation markets, particularly in the same segment as the Intel Xeon processor. Processors based on the AMD K10 microarchitecture (codenamed "Barcelona") were announced on September 10, 2007 featuring a new quad-core configuration. The most-recently released Opteron CPUs are the Piledriver-based Opteron 4300 and 6300 series processors, codenamed "Seoul" and "Abu Dhabi" respectively. In January 2016, the first ARMv8-A based Opteron SoC was released.

text: Opteron

text: is

text: AMD

text: 's

text: server

text: and

text: workstation

text: processor

text: line

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: processor

text: which

text: supported

text: the

text: instruction

text: set

text: architecture

text: known

text: generically

text: as

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: April

text: with

text: the

text: SledgeHammer

text: core

text: and

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: server

text: and

text: workstation

text: markets

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: segment

text: as

text: the

text: Intel

text: Xeon

text: processor

text: Processors

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: AMD

text: microarchitecture

text: codenamed

text: Barcelona

text: were

text: announced

text: on

text: September

text: featuring

text: new

text: quad

text: core

text: configuration

text: The

text: most

text: recently

text: released

text: Opteron

text: CPUs

text: are

text: the

text: Piledriver

text: based

text: Opteron

text: and

text: series

text: processors

text: codenamed

text: Seoul

text: and

text: Abu

text: Dhabi

text: respectively

text: In

text: January

text: the

text: first

text: based

text: Opteron

text: SoC

text: was

text: released

text: AMD Duron refers to a line of budget x86-compatible microprocessors manufactured by AMD. Released on June 19, 2000 as a lower-cost offering to complement AMD's then mainstream performance Athlon processor line, it also competed with rival chipmaker Intel's Pentium III and Celeron processor offerings. The Duron brand name was retired in 2004, succeeded by the Sempron line of processors as AMD's budget offering.

text: AMD

text: Duron

text: refers

text: to

text: line

text: of

text: budget

text: microprocessors

text: manufactured

text: by

text: AMD

text: Released

text: on

text: June

text: as

text: lower

text: cost

text: offering

text: to

text: complement

text: AMD

text: 's

text: then

text: mainstream

text: performance

text: Athlon

text: processor

text: line

text: it

text: also

text: competed

text: with

text: rival

text: chipmaker

text: Intel

text: 's

text: Pentium

text: III

text: and

text: Celeron

text: processor

text: offerings

text: The

text: Duron

text: brand

text: name

text: was

text: retired

text: in

text: succeeded

text: by

text: the

text: Sempron

text: line

text: of

text: processors

text: as

text: AMD

text: 's

text: budget

text: offering

text: A workstation is a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems. The term "workstation" has also been used loosely to refer to everything from a mainframe computer terminal to a PC connected to a network, but the most common form refers to the group of hardware offered by several current and defunct companies such as Sun Microsystems, Silicon Graphics, Apollo Computer, DEC, HP, NeXT and IBM which opened the door for the 3D graphics animation revolution of the late 1990s.

text: workstation

text: is

text: special

text: computer

text: designed

text: for

text: technical

text: or

text: scientific

text: applications

text: Intended

text: primarily

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: by

text: one

text: person

text: at

text: time

text: they

text: are

text: commonly

text: connected

text: to

text: local

text: area

text: network

text: and

text: run

text: multi

text: user

text: operating

text: systems

text: The

text: term

text: workstation

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: used

text: loosely

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: everything

text: from

text: mainframe

text: computer

text: terminal

text: to

text: PC

text: connected

text: to

text: network

text: but

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: form

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: group

text: of

text: hardware

text: offered

text: by

text: several

text: current

text: and

text: defunct

text: companies

text: such

text: as

text: Sun

text: Microsystems

text: Silicon

text: Graphics

text: Apollo

text: Computer

text: DEC

text: HP

text: NeXT

text: and

text: IBM

text: which

text: opened

text: the

text: door

text: for

text: the

text: graphics

text: animation

text: revolution

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: Intel Corporation (also known as Intel, stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California (colloquially referred to as "Silicon Valley") that was founded by Gordon Moore (of Moore's law fame) and Robert Noyce. It is the world's largest and highest valued semiconductor chip makers based on revenue, and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors: the processors found in most personal computers (PCs). Intel supplies processors for computer system manufacturers such as Apple, Lenovo (formerly IBM), HP, and Dell. Intel also manufactures motherboard chipsets, network interface controllers and integrated circuits, flash memory, graphics chips, embedded processors and other devices related to communications and computing.

text: Intel

text: Corporation

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Intel

text: stylized

text: as

text: intel

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: multinational

text: corporation

text: and

text: technology

text: company

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Santa

text: Clara

text: California

text: colloquially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Silicon

text: Valley

text: that

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Gordon

text: Moore

text: of

text: Moore

text: 's

text: law

text: fame

text: and

text: Robert

text: Noyce

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: highest

text: valued

text: semiconductor

text: chip

text: makers

text: based

text: on

text: revenue

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: of

text: microprocessors

text: the

text: processors

text: found

text: in

text: most

text: personal

text: computers

text: PCs

text: Intel

text: supplies

text: processors

text: for

text: computer

text: system

text: manufacturers

text: such

text: as

text: Apple

text: Lenovo

text: formerly

text: IBM

text: HP

text: and

text: Dell

text: Intel

text: also

text: manufactures

text: motherboard

text: chipsets

text: network

text: interface

text: controllers

text: and

text: integrated

text: circuits

text: flash

text: memory

text: graphics

text: chips

text: embedded

text: processors

text: and

text: other

text: devices

text: related

text: to

text: communications

text: and

text: computing

text: The AMD Family 10h , or K10 , is a microprocessor microarchitecture by AMD based on the K8 microarchitecture . Though there were once reports that the K10 had been canceled , the first third - generation Opteron products for servers were launched on September 10 , 2007 , with the Phenom processors for desktops following and launching on November 11 , 2007 as the immediate successors to the K8 series of processors ( Athlon 64 , Opteron , 64 - bit Sempron ) .

text: The

text: AMD

text: Family

text: or

text: is

text: microprocessor

text: microarchitecture

text: by

text: AMD

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: microarchitecture

text: Though

text: there

text: were

text: once

text: reports

text: that

text: the

text: had

text: been

text: canceled

text: the

text: first

text: third

text: generation

text: Opteron

text: products

text: for

text: servers

text: were

text: launched

text: on

text: September

text: with

text: the

text: Phenom

text: processors

text: for

text: desktops

text: following

text: and

text: launching

text: on

text: November

text: as

text: the

text: immediate

text: successors

text: to

text: the

text: series

text: of

text: processors

text: Athlon

text: Opteron

text: bit

text: Sempron

text: The Athlon 64 is an eighth-generation, AMD64-architecture microprocessor produced by AMD, released on September 23, 2003. It is the third processor to bear the name "Athlon", and the immediate successor to the Athlon XP. The second processor (after the Opteron) to implement AMD64 architecture and the first 64-bit processor targeted at the average consumer, it was AMD's primary consumer microprocessor, and competes primarily with Intel's Pentium 4, especially the "Prescott" and "Cedar Mill" core revisions. It is AMD's first K8, eighth-generation processor core for desktop and mobile computers. Despite being natively 64-bit, the AMD64 architecture is backward-compatible with 32-bit x86 instructions. Athlon 64s have been produced for Socket 754, Socket 939, Socket 940 and Socket AM2. The line was succeeded by the dual-core Athlon 64 X2 and Athlon X2 lines.

text: The

text: Athlon

text: is

text: an

text: eighth

text: generation

text: microprocessor

text: produced

text: by

text: AMD

text: released

text: on

text: September

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: processor

text: to

text: bear

text: the

text: name

text: Athlon

text: and

text: the

text: immediate

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: Athlon

text: XP

text: The

text: second

text: processor

text: after

text: the

text: Opteron

text: to

text: implement

text: architecture

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: processor

text: targeted

text: at

text: the

text: average

text: consumer

text: it

text: was

text: AMD

text: 's

text: primary

text: consumer

text: microprocessor

text: and

text: competes

text: primarily

text: with

text: Intel

text: 's

text: Pentium

text: especially

text: the

text: Prescott

text: and

text: Cedar

text: Mill

text: core

text: revisions

text: It

text: is

text: AMD

text: 's

text: first

text: eighth

text: generation

text: processor

text: core

text: for

text: desktop

text: and

text: mobile

text: computers

text: Despite

text: being

text: natively

text: the

text: architecture

text: is

text: backward

text: compatible

text: with

text: instructions

text: Athlon

text: have

text: been

text: produced

text: for

text: Socket

text: Socket

text: Socket

text: and

text: Socket

text: The

text: line

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: the

text: dual

text: core

text: Athlon

text: and

text: Athlon

text: lines

text: Pentium 4 was a line of single-core central processing units (CPUs) for desktops, laptops and entry-level servers introduced by Intel on November 20, 2000 and shipped through August 8, 2008. They had a seventh-generation x86 (32-bit) microarchitecture, called NetBurst, which was the company's first all-new design since the introduction of the P6 microarchitecture of the Pentium Pro CPUs in 1995. NetBurst differed from P6 (Pentium III, II, etc.) by featuring a very deep instruction pipeline to achieve very high clock speeds. Intel claimed that NetBurst would allow clock speeds of up to 10 GHz in future chips; however, severe problems with heat dissipation (especially with the Prescott Pentium 4) limited CPU clock speeds to a much lower 3.8 GHz.

text: Pentium

text: was

text: line

text: of

text: single

text: core

text: central

text: processing

text: units

text: CPUs

text: for

text: desktops

text: laptops

text: and

text: entry

text: level

text: servers

text: introduced

text: by

text: Intel

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: shipped

text: through

text: August

text: They

text: had

text: seventh

text: generation

text: microarchitecture

text: called

text: NetBurst

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: first

text: all

text: new

text: design

text: since

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: microarchitecture

text: of

text: the

text: Pentium

text: Pro

text: CPUs

text: in

text: NetBurst

text: differed

text: from

text: Pentium

text: III

text: II

text: etc

text: by

text: featuring

text: very

text: deep

text: instruction

text: pipeline

text: to

text: achieve

text: very

text: high

text: clock

text: speeds

text: Intel

text: claimed

text: that

text: NetBurst

text: would

text: allow

text: clock

text: speeds

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: GHz

text: in

text: future

text: chips

text: however

text: severe

text: problems

text: with

text: heat

text: dissipation

text: especially

text: with

text: the

text: Prescott

text: Pentium

text: limited

text: CPU

text: clock

text: speeds

text: to

text: much

text: lower

text: GHz

text: x86 is a family of backward compatible instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU and its Intel 8088 variant. The 8086 was introduced in 1978 as a fully 16-bit extension of Intel's 8-bit based 8080 microprocessor, with memory segmentation as a solution for addressing more memory than can be covered by a plain 16-bit address. The term "x86" came into being because the names of several successors to Intel's 8086 processor end in "86", including the 80186, 80286, 80386 and 80486 processors.

text: is

text: family

text: of

text: backward

text: compatible

text: instruction

text: set

text: architectures

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Intel

text: CPU

text: and

text: its

text: Intel

text: variant

text: The

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: as

text: fully

text: extension

text: of

text: Intel

text: 's

text: based

text: microprocessor

text: with

text: memory

text: segmentation

text: as

text: solution

text: for

text: addressing

text: more

text: memory

text: than

text: can

text: be

text: covered

text: by

text: plain

text: address

text: The

text: term

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: because

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: several

text: successors

text: to

text: Intel

text: 's

text: processor

text: end

text: in

text: including

text: the

text: and

text: processors

text: The Athlon 64 X2 is the first dual-core desktop CPU designed by AMD. It was designed from scratch as native dual-core by using an already multi-CPU enabled Athlon 64, joining it with another functional core on one die, and connecting both via a shared dual-channel memory controller/north bridge and additional control logic. The initial versions are based on the E-stepping model of the Athlon 64 and, depending on the model, have either 512 or 1024 KB of L2 Cache per core. The Athlon 64 X2 is capable of decoding SSE3 instructions (except those few specific to Intel's architecture).

text: The

text: Athlon

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: dual

text: core

text: desktop

text: CPU

text: designed

text: by

text: AMD

text: It

text: was

text: designed

text: from

text: scratch

text: as

text: native

text: dual

text: core

text: by

text: using

text: an

text: already

text: multi

text: CPU

text: enabled

text: Athlon

text: joining

text: it

text: with

text: another

text: functional

text: core

text: on

text: one

text: die

text: and

text: connecting

text: both

text: via

text: shared

text: dual

text: channel

text: memory

text: controller

text: north

text: bridge

text: and

text: additional

text: control

text: logic

text: The

text: initial

text: versions

text: are

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: stepping

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: Athlon

text: and

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: model

text: have

text: either

text: or

text: KB

text: of

text: Cache

text: per

text: core

text: The

text: Athlon

text: is

text: capable

text: of

text: decoding

text: instructions

text: except

text: those

text: few

text: specific

text: to

text: Intel

text: 's

text: architecture

text: Sempron has been the marketing name used by AMD for several different budget desktop CPUs, using several different technologies and CPU socket formats. The Sempron replaced the AMD Duron processor and competes against Intel's Celeron series of processors. AMD coined the name from the Latin "semper", which means "always", to suggest the Sempron is suitable for "daily use, practical, and part of everyday life".

text: Sempron

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: marketing

text: name

text: used

text: by

text: AMD

text: for

text: several

text: different

text: budget

text: desktop

text: CPUs

text: using

text: several

text: different

text: technologies

text: and

text: CPU

text: socket

text: formats

text: The

text: Sempron

text: replaced

text: the

text: AMD

text: Duron

text: processor

text: and

text: competes

text: against

text: Intel

text: 's

text: Celeron

text: series

text: of

text: processors

text: AMD

text: coined

text: the

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: semper

text: which

text: means

text: always

text: to

text: suggest

text: the

text: Sempron

text: is

text: suitable

text: for

text: daily

text: use

text: practical

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: everyday

text: life

text: The Xeon is a brand of x86 microprocessors designed, manufactured, and marketed by Intel Corporation, targeted at the non-consumer workstation, server, and embedded system markets. The primary advantages of the Xeon CPUs, when compared to the majority of Intel's desktop-grade consumer CPUs, are their multi-socket capabilities, higher core counts, and support for ECC memory. A Xeon Phi co-processor, or co-processors, can be used alongside an existing Intel Xeon processor to provide increased/improved computing power, requiring an available PCI Express 3.0 x16 slot in x16, or x8 mode.

text: The

text: Xeon

text: is

text: brand

text: of

text: microprocessors

text: designed

text: manufactured

text: and

text: marketed

text: by

text: Intel

text: Corporation

text: targeted

text: at

text: the

text: non

text: consumer

text: workstation

text: server

text: and

text: embedded

text: system

text: markets

text: The

text: primary

text: advantages

text: of

text: the

text: Xeon

text: CPUs

text: when

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: Intel

text: 's

text: desktop

text: grade

text: consumer

text: CPUs

text: are

text: their

text: multi

text: socket

text: capabilities

text: higher

text: core

text: counts

text: and

text: support

text: for

text: ECC

text: memory

text: Xeon

text: Phi

text: co

text: processor

text: or

text: co

text: processors

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: alongside

text: an

text: existing

text: Intel

text: Xeon

text: processor

text: to

text: provide

text: increased

text: improved

text: computing

text: power

text: requiring

text: an

text: available

text: PCI

text: Express

text: slot

text: in

text: or

text: mode

annotations: follows single

question: manufacturer amd 10h

answer: advanced micro devices

text: advanced micro devices


text:
East Germany, formally the German Democratic Republic or GDR, was an Eastern Bloc state during the Cold War period. From 1949 to 1990, it administered the region of Germany that was occupied by Soviet forces at the end of World War IIthe Soviet Occupation Zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the OderNeisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin, but did not include it; as a result, West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR.
The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet Zone, while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones. East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948, and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949. Soviet forces, however, remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Until 1989, the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party (SED), though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation, the National Front of Democratic Germany.

text: East

text: Germany

text: formally

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: or

text: GDR

text: was

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: state

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: period

text: From

text: to

text: it

text: administered

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Germany

text: that

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: IIthe

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

text: of

text: the

text: Potsdam

text: Agreement

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: OderNeisse

text: line

text: The

text: Soviet

text: zone

text: surrounded

text: West

text: Berlin

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: it

text: as

text: result

text: West

text: Berlin

text: remained

text: outside

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: GDR

text: The

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Zone

text: while

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: western

text: zones

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: satellite

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Soviet

text: occupation

text: authorities

text: began

text: transferring

text: administrative

text: responsibility

text: to

text: German

text: communist

text: leaders

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: GDR

text: began

text: to

text: function

text: as

text: state

text: on

text: October

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: however

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: throughout

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: Until

text: the

text: GDR

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Unity

text: Party

text: SED

text: though

text: other

text: parties

text: nominally

text: participated

text: in

text: its

text: alliance

text: organisation

text: the

text: National

text: Front

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Germany

text: The DDR-Oberliga (English:"East German Premier League or GDR-Premier League") was the top level football league in East Germany.

text: The

text: DDR

text: Oberliga

text: English:"East

text: German

text: Premier

text: League

text: or

text: GDR

text: Premier

text: League

text: was

text: the

text: top

text: level

text: football

text: league

text: in

text: East

text: Germany

text: The 3. Liga, is the third division of football in Germany. The league started with the beginning of the 200809 season, when it replaced the Regionalliga as the third tier football league in Germany. In the German football league system, it is positioned between the 2. Bundesliga and the semi-professional Regionalliga, which became the fourth division and initially consisted of three groups of 18 clubs playing separately. In Germany, the 3. Liga is the highest division that a football club's reserve team can play in.

text: The

text: Liga

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: division

text: of

text: football

text: in

text: Germany

text: The

text: league

text: started

text: with

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: when

text: it

text: replaced

text: the

text: Regionalliga

text: as

text: the

text: third

text: tier

text: football

text: league

text: in

text: Germany

text: In

text: the

text: German

text: football

text: league

text: system

text: it

text: is

text: positioned

text: between

text: the

text: Bundesliga

text: and

text: the

text: semi

text: professional

text: Regionalliga

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: fourth

text: division

text: and

text: initially

text: consisted

text: of

text: three

text: groups

text: of

text: clubs

text: playing

text: separately

text: In

text: Germany

text: the

text: Liga

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: division

text: that

text: football

text: club

text: 's

text: reserve

text: team

text: can

text: play

text: in

text: Magdeburg (Low Saxon: "Meideborg") is the capital city and the second largest city of the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe.

text: Magdeburg

text: Low

text: Saxon

text: Meideborg

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: Germany

text: Magdeburg

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: Elbe

text: River

text: and

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: medieval

text: cities

text: of

text: Europe

text: Ronny Thielemann ( born November 15 , 1973 in Schlema ) is a former German football player and current manager . His last position in football was as manager of 1 . FC Magdeburg .

text: Ronny

text: Thielemann

text: born

text: November

text: in

text: Schlema

text: is

text: former

text: German

text: football

text: player

text: and

text: current

text: manager

text: His

text: last

text: position

text: in

text: football

text: was

text: as

text: manager

text: of

text: FC

text: Magdeburg

text: 1. FC Magdeburg is a German association football club based in the city of Magdeburg. The club was founded in 1965 and spent all but one season in East Germany's top flight, the DDR-Oberliga, winning three championships and seven cup titles. It is the only East German club to have won a European title, winning the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1974. After German reunification, the club fell on hard times and only entered professional football in 2015 when the side was promoted to the 3. Liga.

text: FC

text: Magdeburg

text: is

text: German

text: association

text: football

text: club

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Magdeburg

text: The

text: club

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: spent

text: all

text: but

text: one

text: season

text: in

text: East

text: Germany

text: 's

text: top

text: flight

text: the

text: DDR

text: Oberliga

text: winning

text: three

text: championships

text: and

text: seven

text: cup

text: titles

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: East

text: German

text: club

text: to

text: have

text: won

text: European

text: title

text: winning

text: the

text: European

text: Cup

text: Winners

text: Cup

text: in

text: After

text: German

text: reunification

text: the

text: club

text: fell

text: on

text: hard

text: times

text: and

text: only

text: entered

text: professional

text: football

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: side

text: was

text: promoted

text: to

text: the

text: Liga

question: country_of_citizenship ronny thielemann

answer: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany


text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: The Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau  constitutes one of the three major landscapes in Switzerland alongside the Jura Mountains and the Swiss Alps. It covers about 30% of the Swiss surface. It comprises the regions between the Jura and the Alps, partly flat but mostly hilly, and lies at an average height between 400 and 700 m AMSL. It is by far the most densely populated region of Switzerland, and the most important with respect to economy and transportation.

text: The

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: or

text: Central

text: Plateau

text: constitutes

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: major

text: landscapes

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: alongside

text: the

text: Jura

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: It

text: covers

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: surface

text: It

text: comprises

text: the

text: regions

text: between

text: the

text: Jura

text: and

text: the

text: Alps

text: partly

text: flat

text: but

text: mostly

text: hilly

text: and

text: lies

text: at

text: an

text: average

text: height

text: between

text: and

text: AMSL

text: It

text: is

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: region

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: economy

text: and

text: transportation

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time. By extension, the term "the etymology (of a word)" means the origin of the particular word.

text: Etymology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: words

text: their

text: origins

text: and

text: how

text: their

text: form

text: and

text: meaning

text: have

text: changed

text: over

text: time

text: By

text: extension

text: the

text: term

text: the

text: etymology

text: of

text: word

text: means

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: particular

text: word

text: Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope that it would not naturally keep to (typically a steep, near-vertical or vertical slope). They are used to bound soils between two different elevations often in areas of terrain possessing undesirable slopes or in areas where the landscape needs to be shaped severely and engineered for more specific purposes like hillside farming or roadway overpasses.

text: Retaining

text: walls

text: are

text: structures

text: designed

text: to

text: restrain

text: soil

text: to

text: slope

text: that

text: it

text: would

text: not

text: naturally

text: keep

text: to

text: typically

text: steep

text: near

text: vertical

text: or

text: vertical

text: slope

text: They

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: bound

text: soils

text: between

text: two

text: different

text: elevations

text: often

text: in

text: areas

text: of

text: terrain

text: possessing

text: undesirable

text: slopes

text: or

text: in

text: areas

text: where

text: the

text: landscape

text: needs

text: to

text: be

text: shaped

text: severely

text: and

text: engineered

text: for

text: more

text: specific

text: purposes

text: like

text: hillside

text: farming

text: or

text: roadway

text: overpasses

text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: Ticino , formally the Republic and Canton of Ticino (;  ; see also in other languages) is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Ticino borders the Canton of Uri to the north, Valais to the west (through the Novena Pass), Graubünden to the northeast, Italy's regions of Piedmont and Lombardy to the south and it surrounds the small Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia.

text: Ticino

text: formally

text: the

text: Republic

text: and

text: Canton

text: of

text: Ticino

text: see

text: also

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: canton

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Ticino

text: borders

text: the

text: Canton

text: of

text: Uri

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Valais

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: through

text: the

text: Novena

text: Pass

text: Graubünden

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Italy

text: 's

text: regions

text: of

text: Piedmont

text: and

text: Lombardy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: it

text: surrounds

text: the

text: small

text: Italian

text: exclave

text: of

text: Campione

text: d'Italia

text: Geneva (, , , ) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva.

text: Geneva

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: after

text: Zürich

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Romandy

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: part

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Situated

text: where

text: the

text: Rhône

text: exits

text: Lake

text: Geneva

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: and

text: Canton

text: of

text: Geneva

text: The Alps are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the FrenchItalian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4000 metres (just over 13,000 feet).

text: The

text: Alps

text: are

text: the

text: highest

text: and

text: most

text: extensive

text: mountain

text: range

text: system

text: that

text: lies

text: entirely

text: in

text: Europe

text: stretching

text: approximately

text: across

text: eight

text: Alpine

text: countries

text: Austria

text: France

text: Germany

text: Italy

text: Liechtenstein

text: Monaco

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: mountains

text: were

text: formed

text: over

text: tens

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: as

text: the

text: African

text: and

text: Eurasian

text: tectonic

text: plates

text: collided

text: Extreme

text: shortening

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: event

text: resulted

text: in

text: marine

text: sedimentary

text: rocks

text: rising

text: by

text: thrusting

text: and

text: folding

text: into

text: high

text: mountain

text: peaks

text: such

text: as

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: and

text: the

text: Matterhorn

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: spans

text: the

text: FrenchItalian

text: border

text: and

text: at

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: The

text: Alpine

text: region

text: area

text: contains

text: about

text: hundred

text: peaks

text: higher

text: than

text: metres

text: just

text: over

text: feet

text: The League of God's House (German: "Gotteshausbund", Italian: "Lega Caddea") was formed in what is now Switzerland on January 29, 1367 to resist the rising power of the Bishopric of Chur and the House of Habsburg. The League allied with the Grey League and the League of the Ten Jurisdictions in 1471 to form the Three Leagues. The League of God's House, together with the two other Leagues, was allied with the Old Swiss Confederacy throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. After the Napoleonic wars the League of God's House became a part of the Swiss canton of Graubünden.

text: The

text: League

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: House

text: German

text: Gotteshausbund

text: Italian

text: Lega

text: Caddea

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Switzerland

text: on

text: January

text: to

text: resist

text: the

text: rising

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: Bishopric

text: of

text: Chur

text: and

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: The

text: League

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Grey

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: the

text: Ten

text: Jurisdictions

text: in

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Three

text: Leagues

text: The

text: League

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: House

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: two

text: other

text: Leagues

text: was

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Old

text: Swiss

text: Confederacy

text: throughout

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: After

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: wars

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: House

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: The League of the Ten Jurisdictions was the last of the Three Leagues founded during the Middle Ages in what is now Canton Graubünden of Switzerland. The League was created in the County of Toggenburg after the counts of Toggenburg died out. The League initially existed to resist the power of the House of Habsburg, and quickly allied with the Grey League and the League of God's House. In 1524 the three leagues joined together to become the Free State of the Three Leagues, which existed until the Napoleonic dissolution of the Free State.

text: The

text: League

text: of

text: the

text: Ten

text: Jurisdictions

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Leagues

text: founded

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Canton

text: Graubünden

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: League

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Toggenburg

text: after

text: the

text: counts

text: of

text: Toggenburg

text: died

text: out

text: The

text: League

text: initially

text: existed

text: to

text: resist

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: and

text: quickly

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Grey

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: House

text: In

text: the

text: three

text: leagues

text: joined

text: together

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Leagues

text: which

text: existed

text: until

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Free

text: State

text: A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 48 such countries, including four partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World).

text: landlocked

text: state

text: or

text: landlocked

text: country

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: entirely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: or

text: whose

text: only

text: coastlines

text: lie

text: on

text: closed

text: seas

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: such

text: countries

text: including

text: four

text: partially

text: recognised

text: states

text: Only

text: two

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Paraguay

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and navigability. Hydropower is often used in conjunction with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be used to collect water or for storage of water which can be evenly distributed between locations. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water, while other structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into specific land regions.

text: dam

text: is

text: barrier

text: that

text: impounds

text: water

text: or

text: underground

text: streams

text: Reservoirs

text: created

text: by

text: dams

text: not

text: only

text: suppress

text: floods

text: but

text: also

text: provide

text: water

text: for

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: irrigation

text: human

text: consumption

text: industrial

text: use

text: aquaculture

text: and

text: navigability

text: Hydropower

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: dams

text: to

text: generate

text: electricity

text: dam

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: collect

text: water

text: or

text: for

text: storage

text: of

text: water

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: evenly

text: distributed

text: between

text: locations

text: Dams

text: generally

text: serve

text: the

text: primary

text: purpose

text: of

text: retaining

text: water

text: while

text: other

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: floodgates

text: or

text: levees

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: dikes

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: manage

text: or

text: prevent

text: water

text: flow

text: into

text: specific

text: land

text: regions

text: The Grey League (, or ), sometimes called "Oberbund", formed in 1395 in the "Vorderrhein" and "Hinterrhein" valleys, Raetia. The name Grey League is derived from the homespun grey clothes worn by the people. The league became part of the canton of Graubünden. The Grey League allied itself to the two other powers of Raetia in 1471, forming the Three Leagues. It was also an associate and ally of the Swiss Confederation and played a role in the build up to the Thirty Years' War.

text: The

text: Grey

text: League

text: or

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Oberbund

text: formed

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: Vorderrhein

text: and

text: Hinterrhein

text: valleys

text: Raetia

text: The

text: name

text: Grey

text: League

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: homespun

text: grey

text: clothes

text: worn

text: by

text: the

text: people

text: The

text: league

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: The

text: Grey

text: League

text: allied

text: itself

text: to

text: the

text: two

text: other

text: powers

text: of

text: Raetia

text: in

text: forming

text: the

text: Three

text: Leagues

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: an

text: associate

text: and

text: ally

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: and

text: played

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: build

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: Thirty

text: Years

text: War

text: Lai da Curnera is a reservoir on the river Rein da Curnera in the municipality of Tujetsch, in the Grisons, Switzerland. The reservoir is linked to Lai da Sontga Maria and Lai da Nalps in the neighboring valley. The lake's volume is 41.1 mio m³ and its surface area 0.81 km².

text: Lai

text: da

text: Curnera

text: is

text: reservoir

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Rein

text: da

text: Curnera

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: of

text: Tujetsch

text: in

text: the

text: Grisons

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: reservoir

text: is

text: linked

text: to

text: Lai

text: da

text: Sontga

text: Maria

text: and

text: Lai

text: da

text: Nalps

text: in

text: the

text: neighboring

text: valley

text: The

text: lake

text: 's

text: volume

text: is

text: mio

text: m³

text: and

text: its

text: surface

text: area

text: A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means: "a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader (such as a president) rather than by a king or queen".

text: federal

text: republic

text: is

text: federation

text: of

text: states

text: with

text: republican

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: At

text: its

text: core

text: the

text: literal

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: republic

text: when

text: used

text: to

text: reference

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: means

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: elected

text: representatives

text: and

text: by

text: an

text: elected

text: leader

text: such

text: as

text: president

text: rather

text: than

text: by

text: king

text: or

text: queen

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Swiss German (Standard German: "Schweizerdeutsch", , and others) refers to any of the Alemannic dialects spoken in the German-speaking part of Switzerland and in some Alpine communities in Northern Italy bordering Switzerland. Occasionally, the Alemannic dialects spoken in other countries are grouped together with Swiss German, as well, especially the dialects of Liechtenstein and Austrian Vorarlberg, which are closely associated to Switzerland's.

text: Swiss

text: German

text: Standard

text: German

text: Schweizerdeutsch

text: and

text: others

text: refers

text: to

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: Alemannic

text: dialects

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: speaking

text: part

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: Alpine

text: communities

text: in

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: bordering

text: Switzerland

text: Occasionally

text: the

text: Alemannic

text: dialects

text: spoken

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: are

text: grouped

text: together

text: with

text: Swiss

text: German

text: as

text: well

text: especially

text: the

text: dialects

text: of

text: Liechtenstein

text: and

text: Austrian

text: Vorarlberg

text: which

text: are

text: closely

text: associated

text: to

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: Liechtenstein , officially the Principality of Liechtenstein, is a doubly landlocked German-speaking microstate in Central Europe. It is a constitutional monarchy with the rank of principality, headed by the Prince of Liechtenstein.

text: Liechtenstein

text: officially

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Liechtenstein

text: is

text: doubly

text: landlocked

text: German

text: speaking

text: microstate

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: with

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: principality

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Liechtenstein

text: Lai da Sontga Maria (Italian: "Lago di Santa Maria") is a lake, located north of the Lukmanier Pass in Switzerland. It lies almost entirely in the municipality of Medel (canton of Graubünden), a tiny fraction of the south-west part of the lake belonging to the municipalities of Quinto and Blenio (canton of Ticino). The reservoir has a surface area is 1.77 km². The arch dam Santa Maria was completed in 1968. The main road of the Lukmanier Pass runs along the eastern shore of the lake.

text: Lai

text: da

text: Sontga

text: Maria

text: Italian

text: Lago

text: di

text: Santa

text: Maria

text: is

text: lake

text: located

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Lukmanier

text: Pass

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: It

text: lies

text: almost

text: entirely

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: of

text: Medel

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: tiny

text: fraction

text: of

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: municipalities

text: of

text: Quinto

text: and

text: Blenio

text: canton

text: of

text: Ticino

text: The

text: reservoir

text: has

text: surface

text: area

text: is

text: The

text: arch

text: dam

text: Santa

text: Maria

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: The

text: main

text: road

text: of

text: the

text: Lukmanier

text: Pass

text: runs

text: along

text: the

text: eastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: Lai da Nalps is a reservoir in the municipality of Tujetsch , Grisons , Switzerland . It has a capacity of 45 million m³ and a surface area of 0.91 km² . The reservoir is connected to Lai da Sontga Maria and Lai da Curnera in neighboring valleys .

text: Lai

text: da

text: Nalps

text: is

text: reservoir

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: of

text: Tujetsch

text: Grisons

text: Switzerland

text: It

text: has

text: capacity

text: of

text: million

text: m³

text: and

text: surface

text: area

text: of

text: The

text: reservoir

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Lai

text: da

text: Sontga

text: Maria

text: and

text: Lai

text: da

text: Curnera

text: in

text: neighboring

text: valleys

text: A levee,, dike, dyke, embankment, floodbank or stopbank is an elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall, which regulates water levels. It is usually earthen and often parallel to the course of a river in its floodplain or along low-lying coastlines.

text: levee

text: dike

text: dyke

text: embankment

text: floodbank

text: or

text: stopbank

text: is

text: an

text: elongated

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: ridge

text: or

text: artificially

text: constructed

text: fill

text: or

text: wall

text: which

text: regulates

text: water

text: levels

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: earthen

text: and

text: often

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: river

text: in

text: its

text: floodplain

text: or

text: along

text: low

text: lying

text: coastlines

text: Central Europe lies between Eastern Europe and Western Europe. The concept of Central Europe is based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. Central Europe is going through a phase of "strategic awakening", with initiatives such as the CEI, Centrope or V4. While the region's economy shows high disparities with regard to income, all Central European countries are listed by the Human Development Index as very highly developed.

text: Central

text: Europe

text: lies

text: between

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: Central

text: Europe

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: common

text: historical

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: identity

text: Central

text: Europe

text: is

text: going

text: through

text: phase

text: of

text: strategic

text: awakening

text: with

text: initiatives

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: CEI

text: Centrope

text: or

text: While

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: economy

text: shows

text: high

text: disparities

text: with

text: regard

text: to

text: income

text: all

text: Central

text: European

text: countries

text: are

text: listed

text: by

text: the

text: Human

text: Development

text: Index

text: as

text: very

text: highly

text: developed

text: Blenio is a municipality of the district of Blenio, in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland.

text: Blenio

text: is

text: municipality

text: of

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Blenio

text: in

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Ticino

text: Switzerland

text: A lake is an area of variable size filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, and therefore are distinct from lagoons, and are also larger and deeper than ponds, though there are no official or scientific definitions. Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams, which are usually flowing. Most lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams.

text: lake

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: variable

text: size

text: filled

text: with

text: water

text: localized

text: in

text: basin

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: land

text: apart

text: from

text: any

text: river

text: or

text: other

text: outlet

text: that

text: serves

text: to

text: feed

text: or

text: drain

text: the

text: lake

text: Lakes

text: lie

text: on

text: land

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: ocean

text: and

text: therefore

text: are

text: distinct

text: from

text: lagoons

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: larger

text: and

text: deeper

text: than

text: ponds

text: though

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: or

text: scientific

text: definitions

text: Lakes

text: can

text: be

text: contrasted

text: with

text: rivers

text: or

text: streams

text: which

text: are

text: usually

text: flowing

text: Most

text: lakes

text: are

text: fed

text: and

text: drained

text: by

text: rivers

text: and

text: streams

text: The city of Bern or Berne (; Bernese German: "Bärn" ) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) "Bundesstadt," or "federal city". With a population of 141,762 (November 2016), Bern is the fourth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons.

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: or

text: Berne

text: Bernese

text: German

text: Bärn

text: is

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: capital

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: Swiss

text: as

text: their

text: e.g.

text: in

text: German

text: Bundesstadt

text: or

text: federal

text: city

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: November

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: Bern

text: agglomeration

text: which

text: includes

text: municipalities

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: Bern

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Bern

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: cantons

text:
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities.
The country is situated in Western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.

text: Switzerland

text: officially

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: cantons

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: authorities

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Western

text: Central

text: Europe

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Italy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: France

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: geographically

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Alps

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: spanning

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: While

text: the

text: Alps

text: occupy

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: the

text: Swiss

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: eight

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: concentrated

text: mostly

text: on

text: the

text: plateau

text: where

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: among

text: them

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: global

text: cities

text: and

text: economic

text: centres

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Geneva

text: Grisons (  see also other names) is the largest and easternmost canton of Switzerland. The canton shares borders with the cantons of Ticino, Uri, Glarus and St. Gallen and international borders with Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein. The name Graubünden translates as the "Grey Leagues," referring to the canton's origin in three local alliances, the League of God's House, the Grey League, and the League of the Ten Jurisdictions. Grisons is also home to three of Switzerland's ethnic groups and the subsequent languages of Swiss German, Italian and Romansh are all native to the state. It is the only officially trilingual canton and the only canton where the Romansh language has official status.

text: Grisons

text: see

text: also

text: other

text: names

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: easternmost

text: canton

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: canton

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: the

text: cantons

text: of

text: Ticino

text: Uri

text: Glarus

text: and

text: St.

text: Gallen

text: and

text: international

text: borders

text: with

text: Italy

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: The

text: name

text: Graubünden

text: translates

text: as

text: the

text: Grey

text: Leagues

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: canton

text: 's

text: origin

text: in

text: three

text: local

text: alliances

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: God

text: 's

text: House

text: the

text: Grey

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: the

text: Ten

text: Jurisdictions

text: Grisons

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: three

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: languages

text: of

text: Swiss

text: German

text: Italian

text: and

text: Romansh

text: are

text: all

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: officially

text: trilingual

text: canton

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: canton

text: where

text: the

text: Romansh

text: language

text: has

text: official

text: status

text:
A reservoir (etymology: from French "réservoir" a "storehouse" ) is a storage space for fluids. These fluids may be water, hydrocarbons or gas. A reservoir usually means an enlarged natural or artificial lake, storage pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water.
Reservoirs can be created by controlling a stream that drains an existing body of water. They can also be constructed in river valleys using a dam. Alternately, a reservoir can be built by excavating flat ground and/or constructing retaining walls and levees.

text: reservoir

text: etymology

text: from

text: French

text: réservoir

text: storehouse

text: is

text: storage

text: space

text: for

text: fluids

text: These

text: fluids

text: may

text: be

text: water

text: hydrocarbons

text: or

text: gas

text: reservoir

text: usually

text: means

text: an

text: enlarged

text: natural

text: or

text: artificial

text: lake

text: storage

text: pond

text: or

text: impoundment

text: created

text: using

text: dam

text: or

text: lock

text: to

text: store

text: water

text: Reservoirs

text: can

text: be

text: created

text: by

text: controlling

text: stream

text: that

text: drains

text: an

text: existing

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: They

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: constructed

text: in

text: river

text: valleys

text: using

text: dam

text: Alternately

text: reservoir

text: can

text: be

text: built

text: by

text: excavating

text: flat

text: ground

text: and/or

text: constructing

text: retaining

text: walls

text: and

text: levees

text: An arch dam is a solid dam made of concrete that is curved upstream in plan. The arch dam is designed so that the force of the water against it, known as hydrostatic pressure, presses against the arch, compressing and strengthening the structure as it pushes into its foundation or abutments. An arch dam is most suitable for narrow gorges or canyons with steep walls of stable rock to support the structure and stresses. Since they are thinner than any other dam type, they require much less construction material, making them economical and practical in remote areas.

text: An

text: arch

text: dam

text: is

text: solid

text: dam

text: made

text: of

text: concrete

text: that

text: is

text: curved

text: upstream

text: in

text: plan

text: The

text: arch

text: dam

text: is

text: designed

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: force

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: against

text: it

text: known

text: as

text: hydrostatic

text: pressure

text: presses

text: against

text: the

text: arch

text: compressing

text: and

text: strengthening

text: the

text: structure

text: as

text: it

text: pushes

text: into

text: its

text: foundation

text: or

text: abutments

text: An

text: arch

text: dam

text: is

text: most

text: suitable

text: for

text: narrow

text: gorges

text: or

text: canyons

text: with

text: steep

text: walls

text: of

text: stable

text: rock

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: structure

text: and

text: stresses

text: Since

text: they

text: are

text: thinner

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: dam

text: type

text: they

text: require

text: much

text: less

text: construction

text: material

text: making

text: them

text: economical

text: and

text: practical

text: in

text: remote

text: areas

text: Tujetsch is a municipality in the district of Surselva in the canton of Graubünden in Switzerland.

text: Tujetsch

text: is

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Surselva

text: in

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: in

text: Switzerland

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity lai da nalps

answer: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden

text: graubünden