text: Boudica (alternative spellings: Boudicca, Boudicea, also known as Boadicea and in Welsh as ) (d. AD 60 or 61) was a queen of the British Celtic Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire.

text: Boudica

text: alternative

text: spellings

text: Boudicca

text: Boudicea

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Boadicea

text: and

text: in

text: Welsh

text: as

text: AD

text: or

text: was

text: queen

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Celtic

text: Iceni

text: tribe

text: who

text: led

text: an

text: uprising

text: against

text: the

text: occupying

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses include agriculture, business, and traffic censuses. The United Nations defines the essential features of population and housing censuses as "individual enumeration, universality within a defined territory, simultaneity and defined periodicity", and recommends that population censuses be taken at least every 10 years. United Nations recommendations also cover census topics to be collected, official definitions, classifications and other useful information to co-ordinate international practice.

text: census

text: is

text: the

text: procedure

text: of

text: systematically

text: acquiring

text: and

text: recording

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: given

text: population

text: It

text: is

text: regularly

text: occurring

text: and

text: official

text: count

text: of

text: particular

text: population

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: mostly

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: national

text: population

text: and

text: housing

text: censuses

text: other

text: common

text: censuses

text: include

text: agriculture

text: business

text: and

text: traffic

text: censuses

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: defines

text: the

text: essential

text: features

text: of

text: population

text: and

text: housing

text: censuses

text: as

text: individual

text: enumeration

text: universality

text: within

text: defined

text: territory

text: simultaneity

text: and

text: defined

text: periodicity

text: and

text: recommends

text: that

text: population

text: censuses

text: be

text: taken

text: at

text: least

text: every

text: years

text: United

text: Nations

text: recommendations

text: also

text: cover

text: census

text: topics

text: to

text: be

text: collected

text: official

text: definitions

text: classifications

text: and

text: other

text: useful

text: information

text: to

text: co

text: ordinate

text: international

text: practice

text: Julia Agrippina, most commonly referred to as Agrippina Minor or Agrippina the Younger, and after AD 50 known as Julia Augusta Agrippina ("Minor"; Latin for the "younger"; 7 November 15  19/23 March 59), was a Roman Empress and one of the more prominent women in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. She was a great-granddaughter of the Emperor Augustus, great-niece and adoptive granddaughter of the Emperor Tiberius, sister of the Emperor Caligula, niece and fourth wife of the Emperor Claudius, and mother of the Emperor Nero.

text: Julia

text: Agrippina

text: most

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Agrippina

text: Minor

text: or

text: Agrippina

text: the

text: Younger

text: and

text: after

text: AD

text: known

text: as

text: Julia

text: Augusta

text: Agrippina

text: Minor

text: Latin

text: for

text: the

text: younger

text: November

text: March

text: was

text: Roman

text: Empress

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: prominent

text: women

text: in

text: the

text: Julio

text: Claudian

text: dynasty

text: She

text: was

text: great

text: granddaughter

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Augustus

text: great

text: niece

text: and

text: adoptive

text: granddaughter

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Tiberius

text: sister

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Caligula

text: niece

text: and

text: fourth

text: wife

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Claudius

text: and

text: mother

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Nero

text: The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek:   , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Koine

text: and

text: Medieval

text: Greek

text: tr

text: was

text: the

text: post

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: civilization

text: characterized

text: by

text: government

text: headed

text: by

text: emperors

text: and

text: large

text: territorial

text: holdings

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: BC

text: AD

text: with

text: Constantinople

text: New

text: Rome

text: becoming

text: the

text: largest

text: around

text: AD

text: and

text: the

text: Empire

text: 's

text: populace

text: grew

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: roughly

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: old

text: republic

text: which

text: preceded

text: it

text: was

text: severely

text: destabilized

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: civil

text: wars

text: and

text: political

text: conflict

text: during

text: which

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: appointed

text: as

text: perpetual

text: dictator

text: and

text: then

text: assassinated

text: in

text: BC

text: Civil

text: wars

text: and

text: executions

text: continued

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: victory

text: of

text: Octavian

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: adopted

text: son

text: over

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: and

text: Cleopatra

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Octavian

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: then

text: unassailable

text: and

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Roman

text: Senate

text: formally

text: granted

text: him

text: overarching

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: title

text: Augustus

text: effectively

text: marking

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: Trajan (18 September 538August 117 AD) was Roman emperor from 98 to 117AD. Officially declared by the Senate "optimus princeps" ("the best ruler"), Trajan is remembered as a successful soldier-emperor who presided over the greatest military expansion in Roman history, leading the empire to attain its maximum territorial extent by the time of his death. He is also known for his philanthropic rule, overseeing extensive public building programs and implementing social welfare policies, which earned him his enduring reputation as the second of the Five Good Emperors who presided over an era of peace and prosperity in the Mediterranean world.

text: Trajan

text: September

text: AD

text: was

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: from

text: to

text: Officially

text: declared

text: by

text: the

text: Senate

text: optimus

text: princeps

text: the

text: best

text: ruler

text: Trajan

text: is

text: remembered

text: as

text: successful

text: soldier

text: emperor

text: who

text: presided

text: over

text: the

text: greatest

text: military

text: expansion

text: in

text: Roman

text: history

text: leading

text: the

text: empire

text: to

text: attain

text: its

text: maximum

text: territorial

text: extent

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: philanthropic

text: rule

text: overseeing

text: extensive

text: public

text: building

text: programs

text: and

text: implementing

text: social

text: welfare

text: policies

text: which

text: earned

text: him

text: his

text: enduring

text: reputation

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: the

text: Five

text: Good

text: Emperors

text: who

text: presided

text: over

text: an

text: era

text: of

text: peace

text: and

text: prosperity

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: Nero (Latin: "Ner Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus"; 15 December 37 AD  9 June 68 AD) was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and acceded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death.

text: Nero

text: Latin

text: Ner

text: Claudius

text: Caesar

text: Augustus

text: Germanicus

text: December

text: AD

text: June

text: AD

text: was

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: in

text: the

text: Julio

text: Claudian

text: dynasty

text: Nero

text: was

text: adopted

text: by

text: his

text: great

text: uncle

text: Claudius

text: to

text: become

text: his

text: heir

text: and

text: successor

text: and

text: acceded

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: in

text: following

text: Claudius

text: death

text: Raetia (or , , also spelled Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, named after the Rhaetian ("Raeti" or "Rhaeti") people. It bordered on the west with the country of the Helvetii, on the east with Noricum, on the north with Vindelicia, on the west with Transalpine Gaul and on south with Venetia et Histria. It thus comprised the districts occupied in modern times by eastern and central Switzerland (containing the Upper Rhine and Lake Constance), southern Bavaria and the Upper Swabia, Vorarlberg, the greater part of Tirol, and part of Lombardy. Later Vindelicia (today south-eastern Wuerttemberg and south-western Bavaria) formed part of Raetia. The northern border of Raetia during the times of Augustus and Tiberius was the River Danube. Later the Limes Germanicus marked the northern boundary, stretching for 166 km north of the Danube. Raetia linked to Italy across the Alps over the Reschen Pass, by the Via Claudia Augusta. The Romansh people living in Southeast Switzerland are believed to be direct descendants of the Raetians. However, the exact lineage of the Romansh (or Romansch) people remains incomplete.

text: Raetia

text: or

text: also

text: spelled

text: Rhaetia

text: was

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Rhaetian

text: Raeti

text: or

text: Rhaeti

text: people

text: It

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: with

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Helvetii

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: Noricum

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: with

text: Vindelicia

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: with

text: Transalpine

text: Gaul

text: and

text: on

text: south

text: with

text: Venetia

text: et

text: Histria

text: It

text: thus

text: comprised

text: the

text: districts

text: occupied

text: in

text: modern

text: times

text: by

text: eastern

text: and

text: central

text: Switzerland

text: containing

text: the

text: Upper

text: Rhine

text: and

text: Lake

text: Constance

text: southern

text: Bavaria

text: and

text: the

text: Upper

text: Swabia

text: Vorarlberg

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: Tirol

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: Lombardy

text: Later

text: Vindelicia

text: today

text: south

text: eastern

text: Wuerttemberg

text: and

text: south

text: western

text: Bavaria

text: formed

text: part

text: of

text: Raetia

text: The

text: northern

text: border

text: of

text: Raetia

text: during

text: the

text: times

text: of

text: Augustus

text: and

text: Tiberius

text: was

text: the

text: River

text: Danube

text: Later

text: the

text: Limes

text: Germanicus

text: marked

text: the

text: northern

text: boundary

text: stretching

text: for

text: km

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Danube

text: Raetia

text: linked

text: to

text: Italy

text: across

text: the

text: Alps

text: over

text: the

text: Reschen

text: Pass

text: by

text: the

text: Via

text: Claudia

text: Augusta

text: The

text: Romansh

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Switzerland

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: direct

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: Raetians

text: However

text: the

text: exact

text: lineage

text: of

text: the

text: Romansh

text: or

text: Romansch

text: people

text: remains

text: incomplete

text: Marcus Trebellius Maximus was a Roman politician. He was consul in AD 55, and in 61 served on a commission to revise the census list and tax assessments in Gaul, together with Quintus Volusius Saturninus and Titus Sextius Africanus. Saturninus and Africanus were rivals, and both hated Trebellius, who took advantage of their rivalry to get the better of them. In AD 63, he was appointed governor of Britain. He continued the policy of consolidation followed by his immediate predecessor, and conquered no new territory. He continued the Romanisation of Britain, refounding Camulodunum after the rebellion of Boudica destroyed it. London grew in mercantile wealth under his rule.

text: Marcus

text: Trebellius

text: Maximus

text: was

text: Roman

text: politician

text: He

text: was

text: consul

text: in

text: AD

text: and

text: in

text: served

text: on

text: commission

text: to

text: revise

text: the

text: census

text: list

text: and

text: tax

text: assessments

text: in

text: Gaul

text: together

text: with

text: Quintus

text: Volusius

text: Saturninus

text: and

text: Titus

text: Sextius

text: Africanus

text: Saturninus

text: and

text: Africanus

text: were

text: rivals

text: and

text: both

text: hated

text: Trebellius

text: who

text: took

text: advantage

text: of

text: their

text: rivalry

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: better

text: of

text: them

text: In

text: AD

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: governor

text: of

text: Britain

text: He

text: continued

text: the

text: policy

text: of

text: consolidation

text: followed

text: by

text: his

text: immediate

text: predecessor

text: and

text: conquered

text: no

text: new

text: territory

text: He

text: continued

text: the

text: Romanisation

text: of

text: Britain

text: refounding

text: Camulodunum

text: after

text: the

text: rebellion

text: of

text: Boudica

text: destroyed

text: it

text: London

text: grew

text: in

text: mercantile

text: wealth

text: under

text: his

text: rule

text: Noricum is the Latin name for a Celtic kingdom, or federation of tribes, that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia. In the first century AD, it became a province of the Roman Empire. Its borders were the Danube to the north, "Raetia" and "Vindelicia" to the west, Pannonia to the east and southeast, and "Italia" ("Venetia et Histria") to the south. The kingdom was founded around 400 BC, and had its capital at the royal residence at Virunum on the Magdalensberg.

text: Noricum

text: is

text: the

text: Latin

text: name

text: for

text: Celtic

text: kingdom

text: or

text: federation

text: of

text: tribes

text: that

text: included

text: most

text: of

text: modern

text: Austria

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: Slovenia

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: AD

text: it

text: became

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Its

text: borders

text: were

text: the

text: Danube

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Raetia

text: and

text: Vindelicia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Pannonia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: and

text: Italia

text: Venetia

text: et

text: Histria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: kingdom

text: was

text: founded

text: around

text: BC

text: and

text: had

text: its

text: capital

text: at

text: the

text: royal

text: residence

text: at

text: Virunum

text: on

text: the

text: Magdalensberg

text: Gaius Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC  15 March 44 BC), known as Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

text: Gaius

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: July

text: BC

text: March

text: BC

text: known

text: as

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: Roman

text: politician

text: general

text: and

text: notable

text: author

text: of

text: Latin

text: prose

text: He

text: played

text: critical

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: events

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: demise

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: The La Tène culture was a European Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland, where thousands of objects had been deposited in the lake, as was discovered after the water level dropped in 1857. La Tène is the type site and the term archaeologists use for the later period of the culture and art of the ancient Celts, a term that is firmly entrenched in the popular understanding, but presents numerous problems for historians and archaeologists. The culture became very widespread, and presents a wide variety of local differences. It is often distinguished from earlier and neighbouring cultures mainly by the La Tène style of Celtic art, characterized by curving "swirly" decoration, especially of metalwork.

text: The

text: La

text: Tène

text: culture

text: was

text: European

text: Iron

text: Age

text: culture

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: archaeological

text: site

text: of

text: La

text: Tène

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: side

text: of

text: Lake

text: Neuchâtel

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: where

text: thousands

text: of

text: objects

text: had

text: been

text: deposited

text: in

text: the

text: lake

text: as

text: was

text: discovered

text: after

text: the

text: water

text: level

text: dropped

text: in

text: La

text: Tène

text: is

text: the

text: type

text: site

text: and

text: the

text: term

text: archaeologists

text: use

text: for

text: the

text: later

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: culture

text: and

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Celts

text: term

text: that

text: is

text: firmly

text: entrenched

text: in

text: the

text: popular

text: understanding

text: but

text: presents

text: numerous

text: problems

text: for

text: historians

text: and

text: archaeologists

text: The

text: culture

text: became

text: very

text: widespread

text: and

text: presents

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: local

text: differences

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: distinguished

text: from

text: earlier

text: and

text: neighbouring

text: cultures

text: mainly

text: by

text: the

text: La

text: Tène

text: style

text: of

text: Celtic

text: art

text: characterized

text: by

text: curving

text: swirly

text: decoration

text: especially

text: of

text: metalwork

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Augustus (23 September 63 BC  19 August 14 AD) was the founder of the Roman Principate and considered the first Emperor, controlling the Roman Empire from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.

text: Augustus

text: September

text: BC

text: August

text: AD

text: was

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Principate

text: and

text: considered

text: the

text: first

text: Emperor

text: controlling

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: from

text: BC

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: AD

text: The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting in 27 BC). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history. Often when a given Roman is described as becoming "emperor" in English, it reflects his taking of the title "Augustus" or "Caesar". Another title often used was "imperator", originally a military honorific. Early Emperors also used the title "princeps" (first citizen). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles, notably "Princeps Senatus", "Consul" and "Pontifex Maximus".

text: The

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: was

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: during

text: the

text: imperial

text: period

text: starting

text: in

text: BC

text: The

text: emperors

text: used

text: variety

text: of

text: different

text: titles

text: throughout

text: history

text: Often

text: when

text: given

text: Roman

text: is

text: described

text: as

text: becoming

text: emperor

text: in

text: English

text: it

text: reflects

text: his

text: taking

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: Augustus

text: or

text: Caesar

text: Another

text: title

text: often

text: used

text: was

text: imperator

text: originally

text: military

text: honorific

text: Early

text: Emperors

text: also

text: used

text: the

text: title

text: princeps

text: first

text: citizen

text: Emperors

text: frequently

text: amassed

text: republican

text: titles

text: notably

text: Princeps

text: Senatus

text: Consul

text: and

text: Pontifex

text: Maximus

text: Camulodunum (or ), the Ancient Roman name for what is now Colchester in Essex, was an important town in Roman Britain, and the first capital of the province. It is claimed to be the oldest town in Britain. Originally the site of the Brythonic-Celtic oppidum of Camulodunon (meaning ""The Stronghold of Camulos""), capital of the Trinovantes and later the Catuvellauni tribes, it was first mentioned by name on coinage minted by the chieftain Tasciovanus sometime between 20 and 10 BC. The Roman town began life as a Roman Legionary base constructed in the AD 40s on the site of the Brythonic-Celtic fortress following its conquest by the Emperor Claudius. After the early town was destroyed during the Iceni rebellion in 60/1 AD, it was rebuilt, reaching its zenith in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. During this time it was known by its official name Colonia Claudia Victricensis ('), often shortened to Colonia Victricensis"', and as "Camulodunum", a Latinised version of its original Brythonic name. The town was home to a large classical Temple, two theatres (including Britain's largest), several Romano-British temples, Britain's only known chariot circus, Britain's first town walls, several large cemeteries and over 50 known mosaics and tessellated pavements. It may have reached a population of 30,000 at its height. It wasn't until the late 18th century that historians realised that Colchester's physical Brythonic (British Celtic) and Roman remains were the city mentioned in ancient literature as "Camulodunum".

text: Camulodunum

text: or

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Roman

text: name

text: for

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Colchester

text: in

text: Essex

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: town

text: in

text: Roman

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: It

text: is

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: oldest

text: town

text: in

text: Britain

text: Originally

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: Brythonic

text: Celtic

text: oppidum

text: of

text: Camulodunon

text: meaning

text: The

text: Stronghold

text: of

text: Camulos

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Trinovantes

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: Catuvellauni

text: tribes

text: it

text: was

text: first

text: mentioned

text: by

text: name

text: on

text: coinage

text: minted

text: by

text: the

text: chieftain

text: Tasciovanus

text: sometime

text: between

text: and

text: BC

text: The

text: Roman

text: town

text: began

text: life

text: as

text: Roman

text: Legionary

text: base

text: constructed

text: in

text: the

text: AD

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: Brythonic

text: Celtic

text: fortress

text: following

text: its

text: conquest

text: by

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Claudius

text: After

text: the

text: early

text: town

text: was

text: destroyed

text: during

text: the

text: Iceni

text: rebellion

text: in

text: AD

text: it

text: was

text: rebuilt

text: reaching

text: its

text: zenith

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: official

text: name

text: Colonia

text: Claudia

text: Victricensis

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: Colonia

text: Victricensis

text: and

text: as

text: Camulodunum

text: Latinised

text: version

text: of

text: its

text: original

text: Brythonic

text: name

text: The

text: town

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: large

text: classical

text: Temple

text: two

text: theatres

text: including

text: Britain

text: 's

text: largest

text: several

text: Romano

text: British

text: temples

text: Britain

text: 's

text: only

text: known

text: chariot

text: circus

text: Britain

text: 's

text: first

text: town

text: walls

text: several

text: large

text: cemeteries

text: and

text: over

text: known

text: mosaics

text: and

text: tessellated

text: pavements

text: It

text: may

text: have

text: reached

text: population

text: of

text: at

text: its

text: height

text: It

text: was

text: n't

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: that

text: historians

text: realised

text: that

text: Colchester

text: 's

text: physical

text: Brythonic

text: British

text: Celtic

text: and

text: Roman

text: remains

text: were

text: the

text: city

text: mentioned

text: in

text: ancient

text: literature

text: as

text: Camulodunum

text: Quintus Volusius Saturninus (25-68/69) was a Roman Senator who lived in the Roman Empire in the 1st century.

text: Quintus

text: Volusius

text: Saturninus

text: was

text: Roman

text: Senator

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Titus Sextius Africanus was a nobleman of ancient Rome who was deterred by Agrippina the Younger from marrying Junia Silana . He served as a suffect consul in 59 AD . In 62 AD , he took the census in the provinces of Gaul , together with Quintus Volusius Saturninus and Marcus Trebellius Maximus . Saturninus and Africanus were rivals , and both hated Trebellius , who took advantage of their rivalry to get the better of them . His name occurs in a fragment of the Fratres Arvales . Titus Sextius Cornelius Africanus who served as a consul with Trajan in 112 AD , was a relation to Africanus .

text: Titus

text: Sextius

text: Africanus

text: was

text: nobleman

text: of

text: ancient

text: Rome

text: who

text: was

text: deterred

text: by

text: Agrippina

text: the

text: Younger

text: from

text: marrying

text: Junia

text: Silana

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: suffect

text: consul

text: in

text: AD

text: In

text: AD

text: he

text: took

text: the

text: census

text: in

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Gaul

text: together

text: with

text: Quintus

text: Volusius

text: Saturninus

text: and

text: Marcus

text: Trebellius

text: Maximus

text: Saturninus

text: and

text: Africanus

text: were

text: rivals

text: and

text: both

text: hated

text: Trebellius

text: who

text: took

text: advantage

text: of

text: their

text: rivalry

text: to

text: get

text: the

text: better

text: of

text: them

text: His

text: name

text: occurs

text: in

text: fragment

text: of

text: the

text: Fratres

text: Arvales

text: Titus

text: Sextius

text: Cornelius

text: Africanus

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: consul

text: with

text: Trajan

text: in

text: AD

text: was

text: relation

text: to

text: Africanus

text: Tiberius (16 November 42 BC  16 March 37 AD) was a Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD. Born Tiberius Claudius Nero, a Claudian, Tiberius was the son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla. His mother divorced Nero and married Octavian, later known as Augustus, in 39 BC, making him a step-son of Octavian.

text: Tiberius

text: November

text: BC

text: March

text: AD

text: was

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: from

text: AD

text: to

text: AD

text: Born

text: Tiberius

text: Claudius

text: Nero

text: Claudian

text: Tiberius

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Tiberius

text: Claudius

text: Nero

text: and

text: Livia

text: Drusilla

text: His

text: mother

text: divorced

text: Nero

text: and

text: married

text: Octavian

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Augustus

text: in

text: BC

text: making

text: him

text: step

text: son

text: of

text: Octavian

text: The term Julio-Claudian dynasty refers to the first five Roman emperorsAugustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Neroor the family to which they belonged. They ruled the Roman Empire from its formation under Augustus in the second half of the 1st century (44/31/27) BC, until AD 68 when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.

text: The

text: term

text: Julio

text: Claudian

text: dynasty

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: Roman

text: emperorsAugustus

text: Tiberius

text: Caligula

text: Claudius

text: and

text: Neroor

text: the

text: family

text: to

text: which

text: they

text: belonged

text: They

text: ruled

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: from

text: its

text: formation

text: under

text: Augustus

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: until

text: AD

text: when

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: Nero

text: committed

text: suicide

text:
The Rhine (, , ) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the
Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands.
The largest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany, with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about , with an average discharge of about .

text: The

text: Rhine

text: is

text: European

text: river

text: that

text: begins

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Austrian

text: Swiss

text: Liechtenstein

text: Swiss

text: German

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: Franco

text: German

text: border

text: then

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: Rhineland

text: and

text: eventually

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Rhine

text: is

text: Cologne

text: Germany

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: after

text: the

text: Danube

text: at

text: about

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: discharge

text: of

text: about

text: Caligula, properly Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August AD 12  24 January AD 41) was Roman emperor from AD 3741. Born Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus (not to be confused with Julius Caesar), Caligula was a member of the house of rulers conventionally known as the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Caligula's biological father was Germanicus, and he was the great-nephew and adopted son of Emperor Tiberius. The young Gaius earned the nickname "Caligula" (meaning "little soldier's boot", the diminutive form of "caliga", hob-nailed military boot) from his father's soldiers while accompanying him during his campaigns in Germania.

text: Caligula

text: properly

text: Gaius

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Augustus

text: Germanicus

text: August

text: AD

text: January

text: AD

text: was

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: from

text: AD

text: Born

text: Gaius

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Germanicus

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Caligula

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: house

text: of

text: rulers

text: conventionally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Julio

text: Claudian

text: dynasty

text: Caligula

text: 's

text: biological

text: father

text: was

text: Germanicus

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: great

text: nephew

text: and

text: adopted

text: son

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Tiberius

text: The

text: young

text: Gaius

text: earned

text: the

text: nickname

text: Caligula

text: meaning

text: little

text: soldier

text: 's

text: boot

text: the

text: diminutive

text: form

text: of

text: caliga

text: hob

text: nailed

text: military

text: boot

text: from

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: soldiers

text: while

text: accompanying

text: him

text: during

text: his

text: campaigns

text: in

text: Germania

text: Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.

text: Belgium

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: France

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: which

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Straddling

text: the

text: cultural

text: boundary

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Latin

text: Europe

text: Belgium

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: main

text: linguistic

text: groups

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Flemish

text: community

text: which

text: constitutes

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Walloon

text: population

text: which

text: comprises

text: of

text: all

text: Belgians

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Cantons

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: High

text: Fens

text: area

text: and

text: bordering

text: Germany

text:
Gaul (Latin: "Gallia") was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands, Central Italy and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine. It covered an area of 190,800 mi² or 494,169 km². According to the testimony of Julius Caesar, Gaul was divided into three parts: Gallia Celtica, Belgica and Aquitania.
Archaeologically, the Gauls were bearers of the La Tène culture, which extended across all of Gaul, as well as east to Raetia, Noricum, Pannonia and southwestern Germania during the 5th to 1st centuries BC.
During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, Gaul fell under Roman rule: Gallia Cisalpina was conquered in 203 BC and Gallia Narbonensis in 123 BC. Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons, who were in turn defeated by the Romans by 103 BC. Julius Caesar finally subdued the remaining parts of Gaul in his campaigns of 58 to 51 BC.

text: Gaul

text: Latin

text: Gallia

text: was

text: region

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: that

text: was

text: inhabited

text: by

text: Celtic

text: tribes

text: encompassing

text: present

text: day

text: France

text: Luxembourg

text: Belgium

text: most

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Central

text: Italy

text: and

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: It

text: covered

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: or

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: testimony

text: of

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Gaul

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: parts

text: Gallia

text: Celtica

text: Belgica

text: and

text: Aquitania

text: Archaeologically

text: the

text: Gauls

text: were

text: bearers

text: of

text: the

text: La

text: Tène

text: culture

text: which

text: extended

text: across

text: all

text: of

text: Gaul

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: east

text: to

text: Raetia

text: Noricum

text: Pannonia

text: and

text: southwestern

text: Germania

text: during

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Gaul

text: fell

text: under

text: Roman

text: rule

text: Gallia

text: Cisalpina

text: was

text: conquered

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: Gallia

text: Narbonensis

text: in

text: BC

text: Gaul

text: was

text: invaded

text: after

text: BC

text: by

text: the

text: Cimbri

text: and

text: the

text: Teutons

text: who

text: were

text: in

text: turn

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: by

text: BC

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: finally

text: subdued

text: the

text: remaining

text: parts

text: of

text: Gaul

text: in

text: his

text: campaigns

text: of

text: to

text: BC

text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan, New York City, and experiences extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: organization

text: to

text: promote

text: international

text: co

text: operation

text: replacement

text: for

text: the

text: ineffective

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: the

text: organization

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: October

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prevent

text: another

text: such

text: conflict

text: At

text: its

text: founding

text: the

text: UN

text: had

text: member

text: states

text: there

text: are

text: now

text: The

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: is

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: experiences

text: extraterritoriality

text: Further

text: main

text: offices

text: are

text: situated

text: in

text: Geneva

text: Nairobi

text: and

text: Vienna

text: The

text: organization

text: is

text: financed

text: by

text: assessed

text: and

text: voluntary

text: contributions

text: from

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: Its

text: objectives

text: include

text: maintaining

text: international

text: peace

text: and

text: security

text: promoting

text: human

text: rights

text: fostering

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: development

text: protecting

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: providing

text: humanitarian

text: aid

text: in

text: cases

text: of

text: famine

text: natural

text: disaster

text: and

text: armed

text: conflict

text: The Cimbri were an ancient people, either Germanic or Celtic who, together with the Teutones and the Ambrones, fought the Roman Republic between 113 and 101 BC. The Cimbri were initially successful, particularly at the Battle of Arausio, in which a large Roman army was routed, after which they raided large areas in Gaul and Hispania. In 101 BC, during an attempted invasion of Italy, the Cimbri were decisively defeated by Gaius Marius, and their king, Boiorix, was killed. Some of the surviving captives are reported to have been among the rebelling Gladiators in the Third Servile War.

text: The

text: Cimbri

text: were

text: an

text: ancient

text: people

text: either

text: Germanic

text: or

text: Celtic

text: who

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Teutones

text: and

text: the

text: Ambrones

text: fought

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: between

text: and

text: BC

text: The

text: Cimbri

text: were

text: initially

text: successful

text: particularly

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Arausio

text: in

text: which

text: large

text: Roman

text: army

text: was

text: routed

text: after

text: which

text: they

text: raided

text: large

text: areas

text: in

text: Gaul

text: and

text: Hispania

text: In

text: BC

text: during

text: an

text: attempted

text: invasion

text: of

text: Italy

text: the

text: Cimbri

text: were

text: decisively

text: defeated

text: by

text: Gaius

text: Marius

text: and

text: their

text: king

text: Boiorix

text: was

text: killed

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: surviving

text: captives

text: are

text: reported

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: among

text: the

text: rebelling

text: Gladiators

text: in

text: the

text: Third

text: Servile

text: War

text: The Iron Age is an archaeological era, referring to a period of time in the prehistory and protohistory of the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) when the dominant toolmaking material was iron. It is commonly preceded by the Bronze Age in Europe and Asia with exceptions and the Stone Age in Africa. Meteoric iron has been used by humans since at least 3200 BC, but ancient iron production did not become widespread until the ability to smelt iron ore, remove impurities and regulate the amount of carbon in the alloy were developed. The start of the Iron Age proper is considered by many to fall between around 1200 BC to 600 BC, depending on the region. In most parts of the world, its end is defined by the widespread adoption of writing, and therefore marks the transition from prehistory to history.

text: The

text: Iron

text: Age

text: is

text: an

text: archaeological

text: era

text: referring

text: to

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: prehistory

text: and

text: protohistory

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: when

text: the

text: dominant

text: toolmaking

text: material

text: was

text: iron

text: It

text: is

text: commonly

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: with

text: exceptions

text: and

text: the

text: Stone

text: Age

text: in

text: Africa

text: Meteoric

text: iron

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: humans

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: BC

text: but

text: ancient

text: iron

text: production

text: did

text: not

text: become

text: widespread

text: until

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: smelt

text: iron

text: ore

text: remove

text: impurities

text: and

text: regulate

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: carbon

text: in

text: the

text: alloy

text: were

text: developed

text: The

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: proper

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: fall

text: between

text: around

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: In

text: most

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: its

text: end

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: widespread

text: adoption

text: of

text: writing

text: and

text: therefore

text: marks

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: prehistory

text: to

text: history

text: Claudius (1 August 10 BC  13 October 54 AD) was Roman emperor from 41 to 54. A member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, he was the son of Drusus and Antonia Minor. He was born at Lugdunum in Gaul, the first Roman Emperor to be born outside Italy. Because he was afflicted with a limp and slight deafness due to sickness at a young age, his family ostracized him and excluded him from public office until his consulship, shared with his nephew Caligula in 37.

text: Claudius

text: August

text: BC

text: October

text: AD

text: was

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: from

text: to

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Julio

text: Claudian

text: dynasty

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Drusus

text: and

text: Antonia

text: Minor

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: at

text: Lugdunum

text: in

text: Gaul

text: the

text: first

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: to

text: be

text: born

text: outside

text: Italy

text: Because

text: he

text: was

text: afflicted

text: with

text: limp

text: and

text: slight

text: deafness

text: due

text: to

text: sickness

text: at

text: young

text: age

text: his

text: family

text: ostracized

text: him

text: and

text: excluded

text: him

text: from

text: public

text: office

text: until

text: his

text: consulship

text: shared

text: with

text: his

text: nephew

text: Caligula

text: in

text: Northern Italy is a cultural and geographical region, without any administrative purpose, used to indicate the northern part of the Italian state, also informally referred as "Il Nord", "Settentrione" or "Alta Italia". It consists of 8 regions in northern Italy: Aosta Valley, Piedmont, Liguria, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. According to the 2011 census, its population was 27,213,372. For statistic purposes, the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) uses the term Northwest Italy and Northeast Italy for identifying two of the five statistical regions in its reporting. These same subdivisions are used to demarcate first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions ("NUTS 1 regions") within the European Union, and the Italian constituencies for the European Parliament.

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: is

text: cultural

text: and

text: geographical

text: region

text: without

text: any

text: administrative

text: purpose

text: used

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: state

text: also

text: informally

text: referred

text: as

text: Il

text: Nord

text: Settentrione

text: or

text: Alta

text: Italia

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: regions

text: in

text: northern

text: Italy

text: Aosta

text: Valley

text: Piedmont

text: Liguria

text: Lombardy

text: Emilia

text: Romagna

text: Veneto

text: Friuli

text: Venezia

text: Giulia

text: Trentino

text: Alto

text: Adige

text: Südtirol

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: For

text: statistic

text: purposes

text: the

text: Istituto

text: Nazionale

text: di

text: Statistica

text: ISTAT

text: uses

text: the

text: term

text: Northwest

text: Italy

text: and

text: Northeast

text: Italy

text: for

text: identifying

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: statistical

text: regions

text: in

text: its

text: reporting

text: These

text: same

text: subdivisions

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: demarcate

text: first

text: level

text: Nomenclature

text: of

text: Territorial

text: Units

text: for

text: Statistics

text: NUTS

text: regions

text: NUTS

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: Italian

text: constituencies

text: for

text: the

text: European

text: Parliament

question: date_of_birth titus sextius africanus