text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: Orohippus ( Gr. , `` mountain horse '' ) is an extinct equid that lived in the Eocene ( about 50 million years ago ) . It is believed to have evolved from equids such as Eohippus , as the earliest evidence for Orohippus appears about 2 million years after the first appearance of Eohippus . The anatomical differences between the two are slight : they were the same size , but Orohippus had a slimmer body , a more elongated head , slimmer forelimbs and longer hind legs , all of which are characteristics of a good jumper . The upper premolars of Orohippus are more molariform ( flat - surfaced ) than in Eohippus , giving Orohippus more teeth for grinding , and the crests on the teeth are more pronounced , indicating that Orohippus probably fed on tougher plants . The outer toes of Eohippus are no longer present in Orohippus , hence on each forelimb there were four fingers ( toes ) and on each hind leg three toes . Species of Orohippus has also been referred to Protorohippus .

text: Orohippus

text: Gr

text: mountain

text: horse

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: equid

text: that

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: Eocene

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: It

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: evolved

text: from

text: equids

text: such

text: as

text: Eohippus

text: as

text: the

text: earliest

text: evidence

text: for

text: Orohippus

text: appears

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: first

text: appearance

text: of

text: Eohippus

text: The

text: anatomical

text: differences

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: are

text: slight

text: they

text: were

text: the

text: same

text: size

text: but

text: Orohippus

text: had

text: slimmer

text: body

text: more

text: elongated

text: head

text: slimmer

text: forelimbs

text: and

text: longer

text: hind

text: legs

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: characteristics

text: of

text: good

text: jumper

text: The

text: upper

text: premolars

text: of

text: Orohippus

text: are

text: more

text: molariform

text: flat

text: surfaced

text: than

text: in

text: Eohippus

text: giving

text: Orohippus

text: more

text: teeth

text: for

text: grinding

text: and

text: the

text: crests

text: on

text: the

text: teeth

text: are

text: more

text: pronounced

text: indicating

text: that

text: Orohippus

text: probably

text: fed

text: on

text: tougher

text: plants

text: The

text: outer

text: toes

text: of

text: Eohippus

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: present

text: in

text: Orohippus

text: hence

text: on

text: each

text: forelimb

text: there

text: were

text: four

text: fingers

text: toes

text: and

text: on

text: each

text: hind

text: leg

text: three

text: toes

text: Species

text: of

text: Orohippus

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: Protorohippus

text: The Eocene Epoch, lasting from , is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the "Grande Coupure" (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the EoceneOligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in what is now Chesapeake Bay. As with other geologic periods, the strata that define the start and end of the epoch are well identified, though their exact dates are slightly uncertain.

text: The

text: Eocene

text: Epoch

text: lasting

text: from

text: is

text: major

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: geologic

text: timescale

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: Period

text: in

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Eocene

text: spans

text: the

text: time

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Paleocene

text: Epoch

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: Epoch

text: The

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Eocene

text: is

text: marked

text: by

text: brief

text: period

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: concentration

text: of

text: the

text: carbon

text: isotope

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: was

text: exceptionally

text: low

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: the

text: more

text: common

text: isotope

text: The

text: end

text: is

text: set

text: at

text: major

text: extinction

text: event

text: called

text: the

text: Grande

text: Coupure

text: the

text: Great

text: Break

text: in

text: continuity

text: or

text: the

text: EoceneOligocene

text: extinction

text: event

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: impact

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: large

text: bolides

text: in

text: Siberia

text: and

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Chesapeake

text: Bay

text: As

text: with

text: other

text: geologic

text: periods

text: the

text: strata

text: that

text: define

text: the

text: start

text: and

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: epoch

text: are

text: well

text: identified

text: though

text: their

text: exact

text: dates

text: are

text: slightly

text: uncertain

text: Hyracotherium (; "hyrax-like beast") is an extinct genus of very small (about 60 cm in length) perissodactyl ungulates which was found in the London Clay formation. This small, dog-sized animal was once considered to be the earliest known member of Equidae before the type species, "H. leporinum", was reclassified as a palaeothere, a perissodactyl family basal to both horses and brontotheres. The remaining species are now thought to belong to different genera, such as "Eohippus", which had previously been synonymised with "Hyracotherium".

text: Hyracotherium

text: hyrax

text: like

text: beast

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: genus

text: of

text: very

text: small

text: about

text: cm

text: in

text: length

text: perissodactyl

text: ungulates

text: which

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: London

text: Clay

text: formation

text: This

text: small

text: dog

text: sized

text: animal

text: was

text: once

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: earliest

text: known

text: member

text: of

text: Equidae

text: before

text: the

text: type

text: species

text: leporinum

text: was

text: reclassified

text: as

text: palaeothere

text: perissodactyl

text: family

text: basal

text: to

text: both

text: horses

text: and

text: brontotheres

text: The

text: remaining

text: species

text: are

text: now

text: thought

text: to

text: belong

text: to

text: different

text: genera

text: such

text: as

text: Eohippus

text: which

text: had

text: previously

text: been

text: synonymised

text: with

text: Hyracotherium

text: Carbon (from "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalentmaking four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. Three isotopes occur naturally, C and C being stable, while C is a radioactive isotope, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.

text: Carbon

text: from

text: coal

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: symbol

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: It

text: is

text: nonmetallic

text: and

text: tetravalentmaking

text: four

text: electrons

text: available

text: to

text: form

text: covalent

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: Three

text: isotopes

text: occur

text: naturally

text: and

text: being

text: stable

text: while

text: is

text: radioactive

text: isotope

text: decaying

text: with

text: half

text: life

text: of

text: about

text: years

text: Carbon

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: elements

text: known

text: since

text: antiquity

text: Eohippus is an extinct genus of small equid ungulates. The only species is "E. angustidens", which was long considered a species of "Hyracotherium". Its remains have been identified in North America and date to the Early Eocene (Ypresian) stage.

text: Eohippus

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: genus

text: of

text: small

text: equid

text: ungulates

text: The

text: only

text: species

text: is

text: angustidens

text: which

text: was

text: long

text: considered

text: species

text: of

text: Hyracotherium

text: Its

text: remains

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: date

text: to

text: the

text: Early

text: Eocene

text: Ypresian

text: stage

text: Ungulates (pronounced ) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami. Most terrestrial ungulates use the tips of their toes, usually hoofed, to sustain their whole body weight while moving. The term means, roughly, "being hoofed" or "hoofed animal". As a descriptive term, "ungulate" normally excludes cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises), as they do not possess most of the typical morphological characteristics of ungulates, but recent discoveries indicate that they are descended from early artiodactyls. Ungulates are typically herbivorous (though some species are omnivorous, such as pigs), and many employ specialized gut bacteria to allow them to digest cellulose, as in the case of ruminants. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from jungles, plains and rivers.

text: Ungulates

text: pronounced

text: are

text: any

text: members

text: of

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: primarily

text: large

text: mammals

text: that

text: includes

text: odd

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: such

text: as

text: horses

text: and

text: rhinoceroses

text: and

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: such

text: as

text: cattle

text: pigs

text: giraffes

text: camels

text: deer

text: and

text: hippopotami

text: Most

text: terrestrial

text: ungulates

text: use

text: the

text: tips

text: of

text: their

text: toes

text: usually

text: hoofed

text: to

text: sustain

text: their

text: whole

text: body

text: weight

text: while

text: moving

text: The

text: term

text: means

text: roughly

text: being

text: hoofed

text: or

text: hoofed

text: animal

text: As

text: descriptive

text: term

text: ungulate

text: normally

text: excludes

text: cetaceans

text: whales

text: dolphins

text: porpoises

text: as

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: possess

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: typical

text: morphological

text: characteristics

text: of

text: ungulates

text: but

text: recent

text: discoveries

text: indicate

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: descended

text: from

text: early

text: artiodactyls

text: Ungulates

text: are

text: typically

text: herbivorous

text: though

text: some

text: species

text: are

text: omnivorous

text: such

text: as

text: pigs

text: and

text: many

text: employ

text: specialized

text: gut

text: bacteria

text: to

text: allow

text: them

text: to

text: digest

text: cellulose

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: ruminants

text: They

text: inhabit

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: habitats

text: from

text: jungles

text: plains

text: and

text: rivers

text: The Paleogene (or ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Mya. It is the beginning of the Cenozoic Era of the present Phanerozoic Eon. The Paleogene is most notable for being the time during which mammals diversified from relatively small, simple forms into a large group of diverse animals in the wake of the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event that ended the preceding Cretaceous Period.

text: The

text: Paleogene

text: or

text: also

text: spelled

text: Palaeogene

text: or

text: Palæogene

text: informally

text: Lower

text: Tertiary

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: Mya

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: Phanerozoic

text: Eon

text: The

text: Paleogene

text: is

text: most

text: notable

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: time

text: during

text: which

text: mammals

text: diversified

text: from

text: relatively

text: small

text: simple

text: forms

text: into

text: large

text: group

text: of

text: diverse

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: CretaceousPaleogene

text: extinction

text: event

text: that

text: ended

text: the

text: preceding

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

question: taxon_rank orohippus

answer: genus

text: genus

text: genus

text: genus

text: genus

text: genus

text: genus


text: The Beat Generation is a literary movement started by a group of authors whose work explored and influenced American culture and politics in the post-World War II era. The bulk of their work was published and popularized throughout the 1950s. Central elements of Beat culture are rejection of standard narrative values, spiritual quest, exploration of American and Eastern religions, rejection of materialism, explicit portrayals of the human condition, experimentation with psychedelic drugs, and sexual liberation and exploration.

text: The

text: Beat

text: Generation

text: is

text: literary

text: movement

text: started

text: by

text: group

text: of

text: authors

text: whose

text: work

text: explored

text: and

text: influenced

text: American

text: culture

text: and

text: politics

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: era

text: The

text: bulk

text: of

text: their

text: work

text: was

text: published

text: and

text: popularized

text: throughout

text: the

text: Central

text: elements

text: of

text: Beat

text: culture

text: are

text: rejection

text: of

text: standard

text: narrative

text: values

text: spiritual

text: quest

text: exploration

text: of

text: American

text: and

text: Eastern

text: religions

text: rejection

text: of

text: materialism

text: explicit

text: portrayals

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: condition

text: experimentation

text: with

text: psychedelic

text: drugs

text: and

text: sexual

text: liberation

text: and

text: exploration

text: Irwin Allen Ginsberg (June 3, 1926  April 5, 1997) was an American poet and one of the leading figures of both the Beat Generation of the 1950s and the counterculture that soon would follow. He vigorously opposed militarism, economic materialism and sexual repression and was known as embodying various aspects of this counterculture, such as his views on drugs, hostility to bureaucracy and openness to Eastern religions. He was one of many influential American writers of his time known as the Beat Generation, which included famous writers such as Jack Kerouac and William S. Burroughs.

text: Irwin

text: Allen

text: Ginsberg

text: June

text: April

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: poet

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: figures

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Beat

text: Generation

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: counterculture

text: that

text: soon

text: would

text: follow

text: He

text: vigorously

text: opposed

text: militarism

text: economic

text: materialism

text: and

text: sexual

text: repression

text: and

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: embodying

text: various

text: aspects

text: of

text: this

text: counterculture

text: such

text: as

text: his

text: views

text: on

text: drugs

text: hostility

text: to

text: bureaucracy

text: and

text: openness

text: to

text: Eastern

text: religions

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: many

text: influential

text: American

text: writers

text: of

text: his

text: time

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Beat

text: Generation

text: which

text: included

text: famous

text: writers

text: such

text: as

text: Jack

text: Kerouac

text: and

text: William

text: Burroughs

text: William Seward Burroughs II (February 5, 1914  August 2, 1997) was an American novelist, short story writer, satirist, essayist, painter, and spoken word performer. Burroughs was a primary figure of the Beat Generation and a major postmodernist author who wrote in the paranoid fiction genre, and his influence is considered to have affected a range of popular culture as well as literature. Burroughs wrote eighteen novels and novellas, six collections of short stories and four collections of essays. Five books have been published of his interviews and correspondences. He also collaborated on projects and recordings with numerous performers and musicians, and made many appearances in films. He was also briefly known by the pen name William Lee.

text: William

text: Seward

text: Burroughs

text: II

text: February

text: August

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: novelist

text: short

text: story

text: writer

text: satirist

text: essayist

text: painter

text: and

text: spoken

text: word

text: performer

text: Burroughs

text: was

text: primary

text: figure

text: of

text: the

text: Beat

text: Generation

text: and

text: major

text: postmodernist

text: author

text: who

text: wrote

text: in

text: the

text: paranoid

text: fiction

text: genre

text: and

text: his

text: influence

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: affected

text: range

text: of

text: popular

text: culture

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: literature

text: Burroughs

text: wrote

text: eighteen

text: novels

text: and

text: novellas

text: six

text: collections

text: of

text: short

text: stories

text: and

text: four

text: collections

text: of

text: essays

text: Five

text: books

text: have

text: been

text: published

text: of

text: his

text: interviews

text: and

text: correspondences

text: He

text: also

text: collaborated

text: on

text: projects

text: and

text: recordings

text: with

text: numerous

text: performers

text: and

text: musicians

text: and

text: made

text: many

text: appearances

text: in

text: films

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: briefly

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: pen

text: name

text: William

text: Lee

text: Materialism is the importance a person attaches to acquiring and consuming material goods. The use of the term materialistic to describe a person's personality or a society tends to have a negative or critical connotation. Also called acquisitiveness, it is often associated with a value system which regards social status as being determined by affluence (see conspicuous consumption), as well as the belief that possessions can provide happiness. Environmentalism can be considered a competing orientation to materialism.

text: Materialism

text: is

text: the

text: importance

text: person

text: attaches

text: to

text: acquiring

text: and

text: consuming

text: material

text: goods

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: materialistic

text: to

text: describe

text: person

text: 's

text: personality

text: or

text: society

text: tends

text: to

text: have

text: negative

text: or

text: critical

text: connotation

text: Also

text: called

text: acquisitiveness

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: value

text: system

text: which

text: regards

text: social

text: status

text: as

text: being

text: determined

text: by

text: affluence

text: see

text: conspicuous

text: consumption

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: belief

text: that

text: possessions

text: can

text: provide

text: happiness

text: Environmentalism

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: competing

text: orientation

text: to

text: materialism

text: Deliberate Prose - Essays 1952 to 1995 is a collection of essays penned by Allen Ginsberg in the years 1952 to 1995 . The writer and poet was consistently outspoken and passionate about his beliefs . The essays are arranged by subject and include commentary on such themes as China , Vietnam , and the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago .

text: Deliberate

text: Prose

text: Essays

text: to

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: essays

text: penned

text: by

text: Allen

text: Ginsberg

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: to

text: The

text: writer

text: and

text: poet

text: was

text: consistently

text: outspoken

text: and

text: passionate

text: about

text: his

text: beliefs

text: The

text: essays

text: are

text: arranged

text: by

text: subject

text: and

text: include

text: commentary

text: on

text: such

text: themes

text: as

text: China

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: the

text: Democratic

text: National

text: Convention

text: in

text: Chicago

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: movement deliberate prose

answer: beat generation

text: beat generation

text: beat generation

text: beat generation

text: beat generation


text: CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City (at the CBS Broadcast Center) and Los Angeles (at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center).

text: CBS

text: an

text: initialism

text: of

text: the

text: network

text: 's

text: former

text: name

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: commercial

text: broadcast

text: television

text: network

text: that

text: is

text: flagship

text: property

text: of

text: CBS

text: Corporation

text: The

text: company

text: is

text: headquartered

text: at

text: the

text: CBS

text: Building

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: major

text: production

text: facilities

text: and

text: operations

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: at

text: the

text: CBS

text: Broadcast

text: Center

text: and

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: at

text: CBS

text: Television

text: City

text: and

text: the

text: CBS

text: Studio

text: Center

text: NewsRadio is an American television sitcom that aired on NBC from 1995 to 1999, focusing on the work lives of the staff of an AM news station. It had an ensemble cast featuring Dave Foley, Stephen Root, Andy Dick, Joe Rogan, Maura Tierney, Vicki Lewis, Khandi Alexander and Phil Hartman in his final regular role before his death.

text: NewsRadio

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: sitcom

text: that

text: aired

text: on

text: NBC

text: from

text: to

text: focusing

text: on

text: the

text: work

text: lives

text: of

text: the

text: staff

text: of

text: an

text: AM

text: news

text: station

text: It

text: had

text: an

text: ensemble

text: cast

text: featuring

text: Dave

text: Foley

text: Stephen

text: Root

text: Andy

text: Dick

text: Joe

text: Rogan

text: Maura

text: Tierney

text: Vicki

text: Lewis

text: Khandi

text: Alexander

text: and

text: Phil

text: Hartman

text: in

text: his

text: final

text: regular

text: role

text: before

text: his

text: death

text: Screwed is a 2000 American comedy film , written and directed by Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski . It stars Norm Macdonald , Dave Chappelle , Danny DeVito , Elaine Stritch , Daniel Benzali , Sarah Silverman , and Sherman Hemsley . The film was released by Universal Studios .

text: Screwed

text: is

text: American

text: comedy

text: film

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Scott

text: Alexander

text: and

text: Larry

text: Karaszewski

text: It

text: stars

text: Norm

text: Macdonald

text: Dave

text: Chappelle

text: Danny

text: DeVito

text: Elaine

text: Stritch

text: Daniel

text: Benzali

text: Sarah

text: Silverman

text: and

text: Sherman

text: Hemsley

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: Universal

text: Studios

text: Universal Studios (known professionally as Universal Pictures and also simply referred to as Universal) is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal. The company was founded in 1912 by Carl Laemmle, Mark Dintenfass, Charles O. Baumann, Adam Kessel, Pat Powers, William Swanson, David Horsley, Robert H. Cochrane, and Jules Brulatour, and is the oldest surviving film studio in the United States, the world's fourth oldest after Gaumont, Pathé and Nordisk Film, and the oldest in terms of the overall film market. Its studios are located in Universal City, California, and its corporate offices are located in New York City. Universal Studios is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and is one of Hollywood's "Big Six" studios.

text: Universal

text: Studios

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Universal

text: Pictures

text: and

text: also

text: simply

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Universal

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: studio

text: owned

text: by

text: Comcast

text: through

text: the

text: Universal

text: Filmed

text: Entertainment

text: Group

text: division

text: of

text: its

text: wholly

text: owned

text: subsidiary

text: NBCUniversal

text: The

text: company

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Carl

text: Laemmle

text: Mark

text: Dintenfass

text: Charles

text: Baumann

text: Adam

text: Kessel

text: Pat

text: Powers

text: William

text: Swanson

text: David

text: Horsley

text: Robert

text: Cochrane

text: and

text: Jules

text: Brulatour

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: film

text: studio

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: oldest

text: after

text: Gaumont

text: Pathé

text: and

text: Nordisk

text: Film

text: and

text: the

text: oldest

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: overall

text: film

text: market

text: Its

text: studios

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Universal

text: City

text: California

text: and

text: its

text: corporate

text: offices

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Universal

text: Studios

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: MPAA

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Hollywood

text: 's

text: Big

text: Six

text: studios

text: Nordisk Film (or Nordisk Film Distribution, USA affiliate: Great Northern Film Company), established in Denmark in 1906 by Danish filmmaker Ole Olsen and also the oldest continuously active film studio in the world. It is the third oldest studio in the world behind the Gaumont Film Company and Pathé. Olsen started his company in the Copenhagen suburb of Valby under the name "Ole Olsen's Film Factory" but soon changed it to the Nordisk Film Kompagni. In 1908, Olsen opened an affiliate branch in New York, the Great Northern Film Company, to handle distribution of his films to the American market. As Nordisk Film, it became a publicly traded company in 1911.

text: Nordisk

text: Film

text: or

text: Nordisk

text: Film

text: Distribution

text: USA

text: affiliate

text: Great

text: Northern

text: Film

text: Company

text: established

text: in

text: Denmark

text: in

text: by

text: Danish

text: filmmaker

text: Ole

text: Olsen

text: and

text: also

text: the

text: oldest

text: continuously

text: active

text: film

text: studio

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: oldest

text: studio

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: behind

text: the

text: Gaumont

text: Film

text: Company

text: and

text: Pathé

text: Olsen

text: started

text: his

text: company

text: in

text: the

text: Copenhagen

text: suburb

text: of

text: Valby

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Ole

text: Olsen

text: 's

text: Film

text: Factory

text: but

text: soon

text: changed

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: Nordisk

text: Film

text: Kompagni

text: In

text: Olsen

text: opened

text: an

text: affiliate

text: branch

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: Great

text: Northern

text: Film

text: Company

text: to

text: handle

text: distribution

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: market

text: As

text: Nordisk

text: Film

text: it

text: became

text: publicly

text: traded

text: company

text: in

text: The Jeffersons is an American sitcom that was broadcast on CBS from January 18, 1975, through July 2, 1985, lasting 11 seasons and a total of 253 episodes. "The Jeffersons" is one of the longest-running sitcoms, the second longest-running American series with a primarily African American cast (surpassed in 2012 by "Tyler Perry's House of Payne"), and the first to prominently feature a married interracial couple.

text: The

text: Jeffersons

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: sitcom

text: that

text: was

text: broadcast

text: on

text: CBS

text: from

text: January

text: through

text: July

text: lasting

text: seasons

text: and

text: total

text: of

text: episodes

text: The

text: Jeffersons

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: running

text: sitcoms

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: running

text: American

text: series

text: with

text: primarily

text: African

text: American

text: cast

text: surpassed

text: in

text: by

text: Tyler

text: Perry

text: 's

text: House

text: of

text: Payne

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: prominently

text: feature

text: married

text: interracial

text: couple

text: Con Air is a 1997 American action film directed by Simon West, written by Scott Rosenberg, and produced by Jerry Bruckheimer, producer of "The Rock". The film stars Nicolas Cage, John Cusack, and John Malkovich alongside Steve Buscemi, Colm Meaney, Mykelti Williamson, Ving Rhames, Nick Chinlund, Jesse Borrego, Jose Zuniga, and Monica Potter.

text: Con

text: Air

text: is

text: American

text: action

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Simon

text: West

text: written

text: by

text: Scott

text: Rosenberg

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Jerry

text: Bruckheimer

text: producer

text: of

text: The

text: Rock

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Nicolas

text: Cage

text: John

text: Cusack

text: and

text: John

text: Malkovich

text: alongside

text: Steve

text: Buscemi

text: Colm

text: Meaney

text: Mykelti

text: Williamson

text: Ving

text: Rhames

text: Nick

text: Chinlund

text: Jesse

text: Borrego

text: Jose

text: Zuniga

text: and

text: Monica

text: Potter

text: Carl Laemmle (born Karl Lämmle; January 17, 1867  September 24, 1939) was a pioneer in American film making and a founder of Universal Studios. Laemmle produced or worked on over 400 films.

text: Carl

text: Laemmle

text: born

text: Karl

text: Lämmle

text: January

text: September

text: was

text: pioneer

text: in

text: American

text: film

text: making

text: and

text: founder

text: of

text: Universal

text: Studios

text: Laemmle

text: produced

text: or

text: worked

text: on

text: over

text: films

text: The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is headquartered in the Comcast Building (formerly known as the GE Building) at Rockefeller Center in New York City, with additional major offices near Los Angeles (at Universal City Plaza), Chicago (at the NBC Tower) and soon in Philadelphia at Comcast Innovation and Technology Center. The network is part of the Big Three television networks. NBC is sometimes referred to as the "Peacock Network", in reference to its stylized peacock logo, which was originally created in 1956 for its then-new color broadcasts and became the network's official emblem in 1979.

text: The

text: National

text: Broadcasting

text: Company

text: NBC

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: commercial

text: broadcast

text: television

text: network

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: flagship

text: property

text: of

text: NBCUniversal

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Comcast

text: The

text: network

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: the

text: Comcast

text: Building

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: GE

text: Building

text: at

text: Rockefeller

text: Center

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: additional

text: major

text: offices

text: near

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: at

text: Universal

text: City

text: Plaza

text: Chicago

text: at

text: the

text: NBC

text: Tower

text: and

text: soon

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: at

text: Comcast

text: Innovation

text: and

text: Technology

text: Center

text: The

text: network

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Three

text: television

text: networks

text: NBC

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Peacock

text: Network

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: its

text: stylized

text: peacock

text: logo

text: which

text: was

text: originally

text: created

text: in

text: for

text: its

text: then

text: new

text: color

text: broadcasts

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: network

text: 's

text: official

text: emblem

text: in

text: Pierre Ernest Jules Brulatour (April 7, 1870  October 26, 1946) was a pioneering executive figure in American silent cinema. Beginning as American distribution representative for Lumiere Brothers raw film stock in 1907, he joined producer Carl Laemmle in forming the Motion Picture Distributing and Sales Company in 1909, effectively weakening the stronghold of the Motion Picture Patents Company, headed by Thomas Edison, a large trust company that was then monopolizing the American film industry through contracts with hand-picked, established studios. By 1911 Brulatour was president of the Sales Company.

text: Pierre

text: Ernest

text: Jules

text: Brulatour

text: April

text: October

text: was

text: pioneering

text: executive

text: figure

text: in

text: American

text: silent

text: cinema

text: Beginning

text: as

text: American

text: distribution

text: representative

text: for

text: Lumiere

text: Brothers

text: raw

text: film

text: stock

text: in

text: he

text: joined

text: producer

text: Carl

text: Laemmle

text: in

text: forming

text: the

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Distributing

text: and

text: Sales

text: Company

text: in

text: effectively

text: weakening

text: the

text: stronghold

text: of

text: the

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Patents

text: Company

text: headed

text: by

text: Thomas

text: Edison

text: large

text: trust

text: company

text: that

text: was

text: then

text: monopolizing

text: the

text: American

text: film

text: industry

text: through

text: contracts

text: with

text: hand

text: picked

text: established

text: studios

text: By

text: Brulatour

text: was

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Sales

text: Company

text: Comcast Corporation (formerly registered as Comcast Holdings) is an American global telecommunications conglomerate that is the largest broadcasting and cable television company in the world by revenue. It is the second-largest pay-TV company after the AT&T-DirecTV acquisition, largest cable TV company and largest home Internet service provider in the United States, and the nation's third-largest home telephone service provider. Comcast services U.S. residential and commercial customers in 40 states and in the District of Columbia. The company's headquarters are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As the owner of the international media company NBCUniversal since 2011, Comcast is a producer of feature films and television programs intended for theatrical exhibition and over-the-air and cable television broadcast.

text: Comcast

text: Corporation

text: formerly

text: registered

text: as

text: Comcast

text: Holdings

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: global

text: telecommunications

text: conglomerate

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: broadcasting

text: and

text: cable

text: television

text: company

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: revenue

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: pay

text: TV

text: company

text: after

text: the

text: AT&T

text: DirecTV

text: acquisition

text: largest

text: cable

text: TV

text: company

text: and

text: largest

text: home

text: Internet

text: service

text: provider

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: third

text: largest

text: home

text: telephone

text: service

text: provider

text: Comcast

text: services

text: U.S.

text: residential

text: and

text: commercial

text: customers

text: in

text: states

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: District

text: of

text: Columbia

text: The

text: company

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: As

text: the

text: owner

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: media

text: company

text: NBCUniversal

text: since

text: Comcast

text: is

text: producer

text: of

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: television

text: programs

text: intended

text: for

text: theatrical

text: exhibition

text: and

text: over

text: the

text: air

text: and

text: cable

text: television

text: broadcast

text: Comedy Central is an American basic cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom. The channel carries comedy programming, in the form of both original and syndicated series and stand-up comedy specials, as well as feature films.

text: Comedy

text: Central

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: basic

text: cable

text: and

text: satellite

text: television

text: channel

text: owned

text: by

text: Viacom

text: Global

text: Entertainment

text: Group

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Viacom

text: Media

text: Networks

text: division

text: of

text: Viacom

text: The

text: channel

text: carries

text: comedy

text: programming

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: both

text: original

text: and

text: syndicated

text: series

text: and

text: stand

text: up

text: comedy

text: specials

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: feature

text: films

text: Pathé or Pathé Frères (styled as PATHÉ!) is the name of various French businesses that were founded and originally run by the Pathé Brothers of France starting in 1896. In the early 1900s, Pathé became the world's largest film equipment and production company, as well as a major producer of phonograph records. In 1908, Pathé invented the newsreel that was shown in cinemas prior to a feature film.

text: Pathé

text: or

text: Pathé

text: Frères

text: styled

text: as

text: PATHÉ

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: various

text: French

text: businesses

text: that

text: were

text: founded

text: and

text: originally

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Pathé

text: Brothers

text: of

text: France

text: starting

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Pathé

text: became

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: film

text: equipment

text: and

text: production

text: company

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: major

text: producer

text: of

text: phonograph

text: records

text: In

text: Pathé

text: invented

text: the

text: newsreel

text: that

text: was

text: shown

text: in

text: cinemas

text: prior

text: to

text: feature

text: film

text: David Khari "Dave" Webber Chappelle (born August 24, 1973) is an American stand-up comedian, screenwriter, producer, and actor. After beginning his film career in 1993 as Ahchoo in Mel Brooks' "", he landed supporting roles in box office hits including "The Nutty Professor", "Con Air", and "Blue Streak". His first lead role was in the 1998 comedy film "Half Baked", which he co-wrote with Neal Brennan.

text: David

text: Khari

text: Dave

text: Webber

text: Chappelle

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: stand

text: up

text: comedian

text: screenwriter

text: producer

text: and

text: actor

text: After

text: beginning

text: his

text: film

text: career

text: in

text: as

text: Ahchoo

text: in

text: Mel

text: Brooks

text: he

text: landed

text: supporting

text: roles

text: in

text: box

text: office

text: hits

text: including

text: The

text: Nutty

text: Professor

text: Con

text: Air

text: and

text: Blue

text: Streak

text: His

text: first

text: lead

text: role

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: comedy

text: film

text: Half

text: Baked

text: which

text: he

text: co

text: wrote

text: with

text: Neal

text: Brennan

text: David Horsley (March 11, 1873  February 23, 1933) was an English-born American pioneer of the film industry. He founded the Centaur Film Company and its West Coast branch, the Nestor Film Company, which established the first film studio in Hollywood.

text: David

text: Horsley

text: March

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: born

text: American

text: pioneer

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: industry

text: He

text: founded

text: the

text: Centaur

text: Film

text: Company

text: and

text: its

text: West

text: Coast

text: branch

text: the

text: Nestor

text: Film

text: Company

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: first

text: film

text: studio

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: Half Baked is a 1998 American stoner comedy film starring Dave Chappelle, Jim Breuer, Harland Williams and Guillermo Díaz. The film was directed by Tamra Davis, co-written by Chappelle and Neal Brennan (Brennan was later writer and co-creator of Chappelle's Comedy Central show "Chappelle's Show") and produced by Robert Simonds.

text: Half

text: Baked

text: is

text: American

text: stoner

text: comedy

text: film

text: starring

text: Dave

text: Chappelle

text: Jim

text: Breuer

text: Harland

text: Williams

text: and

text: Guillermo

text: Díaz

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Tamra

text: Davis

text: co

text: written

text: by

text: Chappelle

text: and

text: Neal

text: Brennan

text: Brennan

text: was

text: later

text: writer

text: and

text: co

text: creator

text: of

text: Chappelle

text: 's

text: Comedy

text: Central

text: show

text: Chappelle

text: 's

text: Show

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Robert

text: Simonds

text: NBCUniversal (colloquially referred to as NBCU or NBCUni and formerly written as NBC Universal) is an American multinational media conglomerate. Headquartered in Rockefeller Plaza's Comcast Building (formerly the GE Building) in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, the company is one of two successor companies to MCA Inc. (Music Corporation of America), the other being Vivendi through its subsidiary Universal Music Group.

text: NBCUniversal

text: colloquially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: NBCU

text: or

text: NBCUni

text: and

text: formerly

text: written

text: as

text: NBC

text: Universal

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: multinational

text: media

text: conglomerate

text: Headquartered

text: in

text: Rockefeller

text: Plaza

text: 's

text: Comcast

text: Building

text: formerly

text: the

text: GE

text: Building

text: in

text: Midtown

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: company

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: successor

text: companies

text: to

text: MCA

text: Inc.

text: Music

text: Corporation

text: of

text: America

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: Vivendi

text: through

text: its

text: subsidiary

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: Norman Gene "Norm" Macdonald (born October 17, 1959) is a Canadian stand-up comedian, writer, producer and actor. He was best known for his five seasons as a cast member on "Saturday Night Live", which included anchoring "Weekend Update" for three years. Early in his career, he wrote for the sitcom "Roseanne" and made appearances on shows including "The Drew Carey Show" and "NewsRadio". He starred in "The Norm Show" from 1999 to 2001. Comedy Central named him #83 on the five-part miniseries "100 Greatest Stand-ups of All Time". His brother is Canadian journalist Neil Macdonald, of CBC News.

text: Norman

text: Gene

text: Norm

text: Macdonald

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: Canadian

text: stand

text: up

text: comedian

text: writer

text: producer

text: and

text: actor

text: He

text: was

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: five

text: seasons

text: as

text: cast

text: member

text: on

text: Saturday

text: Night

text: Live

text: which

text: included

text: anchoring

text: Weekend

text: Update

text: for

text: three

text: years

text: Early

text: in

text: his

text: career

text: he

text: wrote

text: for

text: the

text: sitcom

text: Roseanne

text: and

text: made

text: appearances

text: on

text: shows

text: including

text: The

text: Drew

text: Carey

text: Show

text: and

text: NewsRadio

text: He

text: starred

text: in

text: The

text: Norm

text: Show

text: from

text: to

text: Comedy

text: Central

text: named

text: him

text: on

text: the

text: five

text: part

text: miniseries

text: Greatest

text: Stand

text: ups

text: of

text: All

text: Time

text: His

text: brother

text: is

text: Canadian

text: journalist

text: Neil

text: Macdonald

text: of

text: CBC

text: News

text: Sherman Alexander Hemsley (February 1, 1938  July 24, 2012) was an American actor and comedian best known for his role as George Jefferson on the CBS television series "All in the Family" and "The Jeffersons", Deacon Ernest Frye on the NBC series "Amen" and B.P. Richfield on the ABC series "Dinosaurs". For his work on the "The Jeffersons", Hemsley was nominated for a Golden Globe and an Emmy Award. He won a NAACP Image Award.

text: Sherman

text: Alexander

text: Hemsley

text: February

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: comedian

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: George

text: Jefferson

text: on

text: the

text: CBS

text: television

text: series

text: All

text: in

text: the

text: Family

text: and

text: The

text: Jeffersons

text: Deacon

text: Ernest

text: Frye

text: on

text: the

text: NBC

text: series

text: Amen

text: and

text: B.P.

text: Richfield

text: on

text: the

text: ABC

text: series

text: Dinosaurs

text: For

text: his

text: work

text: on

text: the

text: The

text: Jeffersons

text: Hemsley

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: and

text: an

text: Emmy

text: Award

text: He

text: won

text: NAACP

text: Image

text: Award

text: Saturday Night Live (abbreviated as SNL) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol. The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night. The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members. Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest (who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast) and features performances by a musical guest. An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, "Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!", properly beginning the show.

text: Saturday

text: Night

text: Live

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: SNL

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: late

text: night

text: live

text: television

text: sketch

text: comedy

text: and

text: variety

text: show

text: created

text: by

text: Lorne

text: Michaels

text: and

text: developed

text: by

text: Dick

text: Ebersol

text: The

text: show

text: premiered

text: on

text: NBC

text: on

text: October

text: under

text: the

text: original

text: title

text: NBC

text: 's

text: Saturday

text: Night

text: The

text: show

text: 's

text: comedy

text: sketches

text: which

text: parody

text: contemporary

text: culture

text: and

text: politics

text: are

text: performed

text: by

text: large

text: and

text: varying

text: cast

text: of

text: repertory

text: and

text: newer

text: cast

text: members

text: Each

text: episode

text: is

text: hosted

text: by

text: celebrity

text: guest

text: who

text: usually

text: delivers

text: an

text: opening

text: monologue

text: and

text: performs

text: in

text: sketches

text: with

text: the

text: cast

text: and

text: features

text: performances

text: by

text: musical

text: guest

text: An

text: episode

text: normally

text: begins

text: with

text: cold

text: open

text: sketch

text: that

text: ends

text: with

text: someone

text: breaking

text: character

text: and

text: proclaiming

text: Live

text: from

text: New

text: York

text: it

text: 's

text: Saturday

text: Night

text: properly

text: beginning

text: the

text: show

text: CBC News is the division of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs on the corporation's English-language operations, namely CBC Television, CBC Radio, CBC News Network, and CBC.ca. Founded in 1941, CBC News is the largest news broadcaster in Canada and has local, regional and national broadcasts and stations.

text: CBC

text: News

text: is

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Broadcasting

text: Corporation

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: news

text: gathering

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: news

text: programs

text: on

text: the

text: corporation

text: 's

text: English

text: language

text: operations

text: namely

text: CBC

text: Television

text: CBC

text: Radio

text: CBC

text: News

text: Network

text: and

text: CBC.ca

text: Founded

text: in

text: CBC

text: News

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: news

text: broadcaster

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: has

text: local

text: regional

text: and

text: national

text: broadcasts

text: and

text: stations

annotations: likely single

question: producer screwed

answer: robert simonds

text: robert simonds


text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: Undina is a genus of prehistoric coelacanth , lobe - finned fish , an intermediary form between sea and land animals which lived during the Late Jurassic period .

text: Undina

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: prehistoric

text: coelacanth

text: lobe

text: finned

text: fish

text: an

text: intermediary

text: form

text: between

text: sea

text: and

text: land

text: animals

text: which

text: lived

text: during

text: the

text: Late

text: Jurassic

text: period

text: Lungfish (also known as salamanderfish) are freshwater fish belonging to the subclass Dipnoi. Lungfish are best known for retaining characteristics primitive within the Osteichthyes, including the ability to breathe air, and structures primitive within Sarcopterygii, including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton.

text: Lungfish

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: salamanderfish

text: are

text: freshwater

text: fish

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: subclass

text: Dipnoi

text: Lungfish

text: are

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: retaining

text: characteristics

text: primitive

text: within

text: the

text: Osteichthyes

text: including

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: breathe

text: air

text: and

text: structures

text: primitive

text: within

text: Sarcopterygii

text: including

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: lobed

text: fins

text: with

text: well

text: developed

text: internal

text: skeleton

text: The lungs are the primary organs of respiration in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart. Their function in the respiratory system is to extract oxygen from the atmosphere and transfer it into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere, in a process of gas exchange. Respiration is driven by different muscular systems in different species. Mammals, reptiles and birds use their musculoskeletal systems to support and foster breathing. In early tetrapods, air was driven into the lungs by the pharyngeal muscles via buccal pumping, a mechanism still seen in amphibians. In humans, the primary muscle that drives breathing is the diaphragm. The lungs also provide airflow that makes vocal sounds including human speech possible.

text: The

text: lungs

text: are

text: the

text: primary

text: organs

text: of

text: respiration

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: animals

text: including

text: few

text: fish

text: and

text: some

text: snails

text: In

text: mammals

text: and

text: most

text: other

text: vertebrates

text: two

text: lungs

text: are

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: backbone

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: heart

text: Their

text: function

text: in

text: the

text: respiratory

text: system

text: is

text: to

text: extract

text: oxygen

text: from

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: and

text: transfer

text: it

text: into

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: and

text: to

text: release

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: from

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: into

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: in

text: process

text: of

text: gas

text: exchange

text: Respiration

text: is

text: driven

text: by

text: different

text: muscular

text: systems

text: in

text: different

text: species

text: Mammals

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: use

text: their

text: musculoskeletal

text: systems

text: to

text: support

text: and

text: foster

text: breathing

text: In

text: early

text: tetrapods

text: air

text: was

text: driven

text: into

text: the

text: lungs

text: by

text: the

text: pharyngeal

text: muscles

text: via

text: buccal

text: pumping

text: mechanism

text: still

text: seen

text: in

text: amphibians

text: In

text: humans

text: the

text: primary

text: muscle

text: that

text: drives

text: breathing

text: is

text: the

text: diaphragm

text: The

text: lungs

text: also

text: provide

text: airflow

text: that

text: makes

text: vocal

text: sounds

text: including

text: human

text: speech

text: possible

text: The superclass Tetrapoda (Ancient Greek s tetrapods, "four-footed"), or the tetrapods , comprises the first four-limbed vertebrates and their descendants, including the living and extinct amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles and some ancient, exclusively aquatic creatures such as the Acanthostega. Tetrapods evolved from the lobe-finned fishes around 390 million years ago in the middle Devonian Period, with modern tetrapod groups having appeared by the late Devonian, 367.5 million years ago. The specific aquatic ancestors of the tetrapods, and the process by which land colonization occurred, remain unclear, and are areas of active research and debate among palaeontologists at present.

text: The

text: superclass

text: Tetrapoda

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: tetrapods

text: four

text: footed

text: or

text: the

text: tetrapods

text: comprises

text: the

text: first

text: four

text: limbed

text: vertebrates

text: and

text: their

text: descendants

text: including

text: the

text: living

text: and

text: extinct

text: amphibians

text: birds

text: mammals

text: reptiles

text: and

text: some

text: ancient

text: exclusively

text: aquatic

text: creatures

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Acanthostega

text: Tetrapods

text: evolved

text: from

text: the

text: lobe

text: finned

text: fishes

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: Devonian

text: Period

text: with

text: modern

text: tetrapod

text: groups

text: having

text: appeared

text: by

text: the

text: late

text: Devonian

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: The

text: specific

text: aquatic

text: ancestors

text: of

text: the

text: tetrapods

text: and

text: the

text: process

text: by

text: which

text: land

text: colonization

text: occurred

text: remain

text: unclear

text: and

text: are

text: areas

text: of

text: active

text: research

text: and

text: debate

text: among

text: palaeontologists

text: at

text: present

text: A fish is any member of a group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic craniate animals that lack limbs with digits. They form a sister group to the tunicates, together forming the olfactores. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Tetrapods emerged within lobe-finned fishes, so cladistically they are fish as well. However, traditionally fish are rendered obsolete or paraphyletic by excluding the tetrapods (i.e., the amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals which all descended from within the same ancestry). Because in this manner the term "fish" is defined negatively as a paraphyletic group, it is not considered a formal taxonomic grouping in systematic biology. The traditional term pisces (also ichthyes) is considered a typological, but not a phylogenetic classification.

text: fish

text: is

text: any

text: member

text: of

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: that

text: consist

text: of

text: all

text: gill

text: bearing

text: aquatic

text: craniate

text: animals

text: that

text: lack

text: limbs

text: with

text: digits

text: They

text: form

text: sister

text: group

text: to

text: the

text: tunicates

text: together

text: forming

text: the

text: olfactores

text: Included

text: in

text: this

text: definition

text: are

text: the

text: living

text: hagfish

text: lampreys

text: and

text: cartilaginous

text: and

text: bony

text: fish

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: various

text: extinct

text: related

text: groups

text: Tetrapods

text: emerged

text: within

text: lobe

text: finned

text: fishes

text: so

text: cladistically

text: they

text: are

text: fish

text: as

text: well

text: However

text: traditionally

text: fish

text: are

text: rendered

text: obsolete

text: or

text: paraphyletic

text: by

text: excluding

text: the

text: tetrapods

text: i.e.

text: the

text: amphibians

text: reptiles

text: birds

text: and

text: mammals

text: which

text: all

text: descended

text: from

text: within

text: the

text: same

text: ancestry

text: Because

text: in

text: this

text: manner

text: the

text: term

text: fish

text: is

text: defined

text: negatively

text: as

text: paraphyletic

text: group

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: considered

text: formal

text: taxonomic

text: grouping

text: in

text: systematic

text: biology

text: The

text: traditional

text: term

text: pisces

text: also

text: ichthyes

text: is

text: considered

text: typological

text: but

text: not

text: phylogenetic

text: classification

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: The coelacanths constitute a now rare order of fish that includes two extant species in the genus "Latimeria": the West Indian Ocean coelacanth primarily found near the Comoro Islands off the east coast of Africa ("Latimeria chalumnae") and the Indonesian coelacanth ("Latimeria menadoensis"). They follow the oldest known living lineage of Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish and tetrapods), which means they are more closely related to lungfish, reptiles and mammals than to the common ray-finned fishes. They are found along the coastlines of the Indian Ocean and Indonesia. Since there are only two species of coelacanth and both are threatened, it is the most endangered order of animals in the world. The West Indian Ocean coelacanth is a critically endangered species.

text: The

text: coelacanths

text: constitute

text: now

text: rare

text: order

text: of

text: fish

text: that

text: includes

text: two

text: extant

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Latimeria

text: the

text: West

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coelacanth

text: primarily

text: found

text: near

text: the

text: Comoro

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: Africa

text: Latimeria

text: chalumnae

text: and

text: the

text: Indonesian

text: coelacanth

text: Latimeria

text: menadoensis

text: They

text: follow

text: the

text: oldest

text: known

text: living

text: lineage

text: of

text: Sarcopterygii

text: lobe

text: finned

text: fish

text: and

text: tetrapods

text: which

text: means

text: they

text: are

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: lungfish

text: reptiles

text: and

text: mammals

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: common

text: ray

text: finned

text: fishes

text: They

text: are

text: found

text: along

text: the

text: coastlines

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Since

text: there

text: are

text: only

text: two

text: species

text: of

text: coelacanth

text: and

text: both

text: are

text: threatened

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: endangered

text: order

text: of

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: West

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coelacanth

text: is

text: critically

text: endangered

text: species

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.

text: Indonesia

text: or

text: Indonesian

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: located

text: mainly

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: with

text: some

text: territories

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Situated

text: between

text: the

text: Indian

text: and

text: Pacific

text: oceans

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: island

text: country

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: seventeen

text: thousand

text: islands

text: At

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: combined

text: sea

text: and

text: land

text: area

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Austronesian

text: nation

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Muslim

text: majority

text: country

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: of

text: Java

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: The Jurassic (from Jura Mountains) is a geologic period and system that spans 56.3 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles. The start of the period is marked by the major TriassicJurassic extinction event. Two other extinction events occurred during the period: the Pliensbachian/Toarcian event in the Early Jurassic, and the Tithonian event at the end; however, neither event ranks among the "Big Five" mass extinctions.

text: The

text: Jurassic

text: from

text: Jura

text: Mountains

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Triassic

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: Jurassic

text: constitutes

text: the

text: middle

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Mesozoic

text: Era

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Reptiles

text: The

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: is

text: marked

text: by

text: the

text: major

text: TriassicJurassic

text: extinction

text: event

text: Two

text: other

text: extinction

text: events

text: occurred

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: Pliensbachian

text: Toarcian

text: event

text: in

text: the

text: Early

text: Jurassic

text: and

text: the

text: Tithonian

text: event

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: however

text: neither

text: event

text: ranks

text: among

text: the

text: Big

text: Five

text: mass

text: extinctions

text: Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands. The sister group of mammals may be the extinct "Haldanodon." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida, which together with the Sauropsida form the Amniota clade. The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria.

text: Mammals

text: are

text: any

text: vertebrates

text: within

text: the

text: class

text: Mammalia

text: from

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: breast

text: clade

text: of

text: endothermic

text: amniotes

text: distinguished

text: from

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: by

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: neocortex

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: hair

text: three

text: middle

text: ear

text: bones

text: and

text: mammary

text: glands

text: The

text: sister

text: group

text: of

text: mammals

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: extinct

text: Haldanodon

text: The

text: mammals

text: represent

text: the

text: only

text: living

text: Synapsida

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Sauropsida

text: form

text: the

text: Amniota

text: clade

text: The

text: mammals

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Yinotheria

text: including

text: monotrema

text: and

text: the

text: Theriiformes

text: including

text: the

text: theria

text: The Indonesian coelacanth ("Latimeria menadoensis", Indonesian: "raja laut") is one of two living species of coelacanth, identifiable by its brown color. It is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. The other species, "L. chalumnae" (West Indian Ocean coelacanth) is listed as critically endangered.

text: The

text: Indonesian

text: coelacanth

text: Latimeria

text: menadoensis

text: Indonesian

text: raja

text: laut

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: living

text: species

text: of

text: coelacanth

text: identifiable

text: by

text: its

text: brown

text: color

text: It

text: is

text: listed

text: as

text: vulnerable

text: by

text: the

text: IUCN

text: The

text: other

text: species

text: chalumnae

text: West

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coelacanth

text: is

text: listed

text: as

text: critically

text: endangered

text: Reptiles are tetrapod (four-limbed vertebrate) animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.

text: Reptiles

text: are

text: tetrapod

text: four

text: limbed

text: vertebrate

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: class

text: Reptilia

text: comprising

text: today

text: 's

text: turtles

text: crocodilians

text: snakes

text: amphisbaenians

text: lizards

text: tuatara

text: and

text: their

text: extinct

text: relatives

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: these

text: traditional

text: reptile

text: orders

text: historically

text: combined

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: modern

text: amphibians

text: is

text: called

text: herpetology

text: The Sarcopterygii or lobe-finned fish (from Greek  "sarx", flesh, and  "pteryx", fin)  sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii ("fringe-finned fish", from Greek  "krossos", fringe)  constitute a clade (traditionally a class or subclass) of the bony fish, though a strict cladistic view includes the terrestrial vertebrates. The living sarcopterygians are the coelacanths and lungfish; additionally, all tetrapods are sarcopterygians or descendants of them.

text: The

text: Sarcopterygii

text: or

text: lobe

text: finned

text: fish

text: from

text: Greek

text: sarx

text: flesh

text: and

text: pteryx

text: fin

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: synonymous

text: with

text: Crossopterygii

text: fringe

text: finned

text: fish

text: from

text: Greek

text: krossos

text: fringe

text: constitute

text: clade

text: traditionally

text: class

text: or

text: subclass

text: of

text: the

text: bony

text: fish

text: though

text: strict

text: cladistic

text: view

text: includes

text: the

text: terrestrial

text: vertebrates

text: The

text: living

text: sarcopterygians

text: are

text: the

text: coelacanths

text: and

text: lungfish

text: additionally

text: all

text: tetrapods

text: are

text: sarcopterygians

text: or

text: descendants

text: of

text: them

text: Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.

text: Binomial

text: nomenclature

text: also

text: called

text: binominal

text: nomenclature

text: or

text: binary

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: things

text: by

text: giving

text: each

text: name

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: use

text: Latin

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: Such

text: name

text: is

text: called

text: binomial

text: name

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: binomial

text: binomen

text: or

text: scientific

text: name

text: more

text: informally

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Latin

text: name

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: identifies

text: the

text: genus

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: species

text: belongs

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: identifies

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: example

text: humans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Homo

text: and

text: within

text: this

text: genus

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: The

text: formal

text: introduction

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: effectively

text: beginning

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: But

text: Gaspard

text: Bauhin

text: in

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: had

text: introduced

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Pinax

text: theatri

text: botanici

text: English

text: Illustrated

text: exposition

text: of

text: plants

text: many

text: names

text: of

text: genera

text: that

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: Latimeria is a rare genus of fish that includes two extant species: West Indian Ocean coelacanth ("Latimeria chalumnae") and the Indonesian coelacanth ("Latimeria menadoensis"). They follow the oldest known living lineage of Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish and tetrapods), which means they are more closely related to lungfish, reptiles and mammals than to the common ray-finned fishes. They are found along the coastlines of the Indian Ocean and Indonesia. Since there are only two species of coelacanth and both are threatened, it is the most endangered genus of animals in the world. The West Indian Ocean coelacanth is a critically endangered species.

text: Latimeria

text: is

text: rare

text: genus

text: of

text: fish

text: that

text: includes

text: two

text: extant

text: species

text: West

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coelacanth

text: Latimeria

text: chalumnae

text: and

text: the

text: Indonesian

text: coelacanth

text: Latimeria

text: menadoensis

text: They

text: follow

text: the

text: oldest

text: known

text: living

text: lineage

text: of

text: Sarcopterygii

text: lobe

text: finned

text: fish

text: and

text: tetrapods

text: which

text: means

text: they

text: are

text: more

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: lungfish

text: reptiles

text: and

text: mammals

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: common

text: ray

text: finned

text: fishes

text: They

text: are

text: found

text: along

text: the

text: coastlines

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Since

text: there

text: are

text: only

text: two

text: species

text: of

text: coelacanth

text: and

text: both

text: are

text: threatened

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: endangered

text: genus

text: of

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: West

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coelacanth

text: is

text: critically

text: endangered

text: species

text: The Late Jurassic is the third epoch of the Jurassic period, and it spans the geologic time from 161.2 ± 4.0 to 145.5 ± 4.0 million years ago (Ma), which is preserved in Upper Jurassic strata. In European lithostratigraphy, the name "malm" indicates rocks of Late Jurassic age. In the past, this name was also used to indicate the unit of geological time, but this usage is now discouraged to make a clear distinction between lithostratigraphic and geochronologic/chronostratigraphic units.

text: The

text: Late

text: Jurassic

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Jurassic

text: period

text: and

text: it

text: spans

text: the

text: geologic

text: time

text: from

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Ma

text: which

text: is

text: preserved

text: in

text: Upper

text: Jurassic

text: strata

text: In

text: European

text: lithostratigraphy

text: the

text: name

text: malm

text: indicates

text: rocks

text: of

text: Late

text: Jurassic

text: age

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: this

text: name

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: unit

text: of

text: geological

text: time

text: but

text: this

text: usage

text: is

text: now

text: discouraged

text: to

text: make

text: clear

text: distinction

text: between

text: lithostratigraphic

text: and

text: geochronologic

text: chronostratigraphic

text: units

question: parent_taxon undina

answer: latimeria

text: latimeria

text: latimeria

text: latimeria

text: latimeria

text: latimeria

text: latimeria

text: latimeria