text: The Burseraceae are a moderate-sized family of 17-19 genera and about 540 species of flowering plants. The actual numbers differ according to the time period in which a given source is written describing this family. The Burseraceae are also known as the torchwood family, the frankincense and myrrh family, or simply the incense tree family. The family includes both trees and shrubs, and is native to tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

text: The

text: Burseraceae

text: are

text: moderate

text: sized

text: family

text: of

text: genera

text: and

text: about

text: species

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: The

text: actual

text: numbers

text: differ

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: time

text: period

text: in

text: which

text: given

text: source

text: is

text: written

text: describing

text: this

text: family

text: The

text: Burseraceae

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: torchwood

text: family

text: the

text: frankincense

text: and

text: myrrh

text: family

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: incense

text: tree

text: family

text: The

text: family

text: includes

text: both

text: trees

text: and

text: shrubs

text: and

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: tropical

text: regions

text: of

text: Africa

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal). The Red Sea is a Global 200 ecoregion. The sea is underlain by the Red Sea Rift which is part of the Great Rift Valley.

text: The

text: Red

text: Sea

text: also

text: the

text: Erythraean

text: Sea

text: is

text: seawater

text: inlet

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: lying

text: between

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: through

text: the

text: Bab

text: el

text: Mandeb

text: strait

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: lie

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Suez

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: The

text: Red

text: Sea

text: is

text: Global

text: ecoregion

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: underlain

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Rift

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Rift

text: Valley

text:
Old French (', ', ""; Modern French ) was the Gallo-Romance dialect continuum spoken from the 9th century to the 14th century.
In the 14th century, these dialects came to be collectively known as the "langues d'oïl", contrasting with the "langue d'oc" or Occitan language in the south of France. The mid-14th century is taken as the transitional period to Middle French, the language of the French Renaissance, specifically based on the dialect of the Île-de-France region.

text: Old

text: French

text: Modern

text: French

text: was

text: the

text: Gallo

text: Romance

text: dialect

text: continuum

text: spoken

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: these

text: dialects

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: langues

text: d'oïl

text: contrasting

text: with

text: the

text: langue

text: d'oc

text: or

text: Occitan

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: century

text: is

text: taken

text: as

text: the

text: transitional

text: period

text: to

text: Middle

text: French

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Renaissance

text: specifically

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: dialect

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: region

text: Sultan (') is a noble title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms (i.e., the lack of dependence on any higher ruler), albeit without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate.

text: Sultan

text: is

text: noble

text: title

text: with

text: several

text: historical

text: meanings

text: Originally

text: it

text: was

text: an

text: Arabic

text: abstract

text: noun

text: meaning

text: strength

text: authority

text: rulership

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: verbal

text: noun

text: meaning

text: authority

text: or

text: power

text: Later

text: it

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: certain

text: rulers

text: who

text: claimed

text: almost

text: full

text: sovereignty

text: in

text: practical

text: terms

text: i.e.

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: dependence

text: on

text: any

text: higher

text: ruler

text: albeit

text: without

text: claiming

text: the

text: overall

text: caliphate

text: or

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: powerful

text: governor

text: of

text: province

text: within

text: the

text: caliphate

text: Wal (plural ), is an Arabic word whose meanings include "custodian", "protector", "helper", and "friend". It can refer to someone who has "Walayah" (authority or guardianship) over somebody else. For example, in fiqh, a father is "wali" of his children especially for his daughters in marriage.

text: Wal

text: plural

text: is

text: an

text: Arabic

text: word

text: whose

text: meanings

text: include

text: custodian

text: protector

text: helper

text: and

text: friend

text: It

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: someone

text: who

text: has

text: Walayah

text: authority

text: or

text: guardianship

text: over

text: somebody

text: else

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: fiqh

text: father

text: is

text: wali

text: of

text: his

text: children

text: especially

text: for

text: his

text: daughters

text: in

text: marriage

text: Salalah (transliterated "allah"), is the capital and seat of the wali (governor) of the southern Omani province of Dhofar. Its population in 2009 was 197,169.

text: Salalah

text: transliterated

text: allah

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: wali

text: governor

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: Omani

text: province

text: of

text: Dhofar

text: Its

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: Boswellia sacra (commonly known as frankincense or olibanum-tree) is a tree in the Burseraceae family. It is the primary tree in the genus "Boswellia" from which frankincense, a resinous dried sap, is harvested. It is native to the Arabian Peninsula (Oman, Yemen), and northeastern Africa (Somalia).

text: Boswellia

text: sacra

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: frankincense

text: or

text: olibanum

text: tree

text: is

text: tree

text: in

text: the

text: Burseraceae

text: family

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: tree

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Boswellia

text: from

text: which

text: frankincense

text: resinous

text: dried

text: sap

text: is

text: harvested

text: It

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: Oman

text: Yemen

text: and

text: northeastern

text: Africa

text: Somalia

text: Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth-largest state in Asia and second-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert or barren landforms.

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: KSA

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: constituting

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: With

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: after

text: Algeria

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Qatar

text: Bahrain

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Oman

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: Yemen

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Israel

text: and

text: Egypt

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: nation

text: with

text: both

text: Red

text: Sea

text: coast

text: and

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: coast

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: terrain

text: consists

text: of

text: arid

text: desert

text: or

text: barren

text: landforms

text: The United Arab Emirates ('), sometimes simply called the Emirates (') or the UAE, is a federal absolute monarchy in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north. In 2013, the UAE's population was 9.2 million, of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates.

text: The

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: sometimes

text: simply

text: called

text: the

text: Emirates

text: or

text: the

text: UAE

text: is

text: federal

text: absolute

text: monarchy

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: at

text: the

text: southeast

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: on

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: bordering

text: Oman

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: sharing

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Qatar

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: In

text: the

text: UAE

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: million

text: of

text: which

text: million

text: are

text: Emirati

text: citizens

text: and

text: million

text: are

text: expatriates

text: Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia. The concept is in limited use, as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East (or Near East), the main difference being the exclusion of Egypt (which would be counted as part of North Africa). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics.

text: Western

text: Asia

text: West

text: Asia

text: Southwestern

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southwest

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: subregion

text: of

text: Asia

text: The

text: concept

text: is

text: in

text: limited

text: use

text: as

text: it

text: significantly

text: overlaps

text: with

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: or

text: Near

text: East

text: the

text: main

text: difference

text: being

text: the

text: exclusion

text: of

text: Egypt

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: counted

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: grouping

text: countries

text: in

text: statistics

text: The Strait of Hormuz "Tangehyyeh Hormoz" , "Maq Hurmuz") is a strait between the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf. It provides the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean and is one of the world's most strategically important choke points. On the north coast lies Iran, and on the south coast the United Arab Emirates and Musandam, an exclave of Oman. At its narrowest, the strait has a width of .

text: The

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: Tangehyyeh

text: Hormoz

text: Maq

text: Hurmuz

text: is

text: strait

text: between

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: It

text: provides

text: the

text: only

text: sea

text: passage

text: from

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: to

text: the

text: open

text: ocean

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: strategically

text: important

text: choke

text: points

text: On

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: lies

text: Iran

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: and

text: Musandam

text: an

text: exclave

text: of

text: Oman

text: At

text: its

text: narrowest

text: the

text: strait

text: has

text: width

text: of

text: In polymer chemistry and materials science, resin is a "solid or highly viscous substance" of plant or synthetic origin that is typically convertible into polymers. They are often mixtures of organic compounds, principally terpenes. Many plants, particularly woody plants, produce resin in response to injury. The resin acts as a bandage protecting the plant from invading insects and pathogens.

text: In

text: polymer

text: chemistry

text: and

text: materials

text: science

text: resin

text: is

text: solid

text: or

text: highly

text: viscous

text: substance

text: of

text: plant

text: or

text: synthetic

text: origin

text: that

text: is

text: typically

text: convertible

text: into

text: polymers

text: They

text: are

text: often

text: mixtures

text: of

text: organic

text: compounds

text: principally

text: terpenes

text: Many

text: plants

text: particularly

text: woody

text: plants

text: produce

text: resin

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: injury

text: The

text: resin

text: acts

text: as

text: bandage

text: protecting

text: the

text: plant

text: from

text: invading

text: insects

text: and

text: pathogens

text: Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.

text: Pakistan

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: on

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: population

text: exceeding

text: million

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: covering

text: Pakistan

text: has

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: respectively

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Tajikistan

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: 's

text: narrow

text: Wakhan

text: Corridor

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: also

text: shares

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Oman

text: The Gulf of Aden ("") is a gulf located in the Arabian Sea between Yemen, on the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and Somalia in the Horn of Africa. In the northwest, it connects with the Red Sea through the Bab-el-Mandeb strait, which is more than 20 miles wide. It shares its name with the port city of Aden in Yemen, which forms the northern shore of the gulf. Historically, the Gulf of Aden was known as "The Gulf of Berbera", named after the ancient Somali port city of Berbera on the south side of the gulf. However, as the city of Aden grew during the colonial era, the name of "Gulf of Aden" was popularised.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: is

text: gulf

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: between

text: Yemen

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: Somalia

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: In

text: the

text: northwest

text: it

text: connects

text: with

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: through

text: the

text: Bab

text: el

text: Mandeb

text: strait

text: which

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: miles

text: wide

text: It

text: shares

text: its

text: name

text: with

text: the

text: port

text: city

text: of

text: Aden

text: in

text: Yemen

text: which

text: forms

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: gulf

text: Historically

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Berbera

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: ancient

text: Somali

text: port

text: city

text: of

text: Berbera

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: gulf

text: However

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Aden

text: grew

text: during

text: the

text: colonial

text: era

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: was

text: popularised

text: A governor is, in most cases, a public official with the power to govern the executive branch of a non-sovereign or sub-national level of government, ranking under the head of state. In federations, "governor" may be the title of a politician who governs a constituent state and may be either appointed or elected. The power of the individual governor can vary dramatically between political systems, with some governors having only nominal and largely ceremonial power, while others having a complete control over the entire government.

text: governor

text: is

text: in

text: most

text: cases

text: public

text: official

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: govern

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: of

text: non

text: sovereign

text: or

text: sub

text: national

text: level

text: of

text: government

text: ranking

text: under

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: In

text: federations

text: governor

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: politician

text: who

text: governs

text: constituent

text: state

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: either

text: appointed

text: or

text: elected

text: The

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: governor

text: can

text: vary

text: dramatically

text: between

text: political

text: systems

text: with

text: some

text: governors

text: having

text: only

text: nominal

text: and

text: largely

text: ceremonial

text: power

text: while

text: others

text: having

text: complete

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: entire

text: government

text: South Arabia is a historical region that consists of the southern region of the Arabian Peninsula, mainly centered in what is now the Republic of Yemen, yet it has historically also included Najran, Jizan, and 'Asir, which are presently in Saudi Arabia, and the Dhofar of present-day Oman.

text: South

text: Arabia

text: is

text: historical

text: region

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: mainly

text: centered

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Yemen

text: yet

text: it

text: has

text: historically

text: also

text: included

text: Najran

text: Jizan

text: and

text: Asir

text: which

text: are

text: presently

text: in

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: and

text: the

text: Dhofar

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Oman

text: The Omani territory of Madha or "Wadi Madha" is an exclave of Oman, enclaved by the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is located halfway between the Musandam Peninsula and the rest of Oman. It forms part of the Musandam Governorate.

text: The

text: Omani

text: territory

text: of

text: Madha

text: or

text: Wadi

text: Madha

text: is

text: an

text: exclave

text: of

text: Oman

text: enclaved

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: UAE

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: halfway

text: between

text: the

text: Musandam

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Oman

text: It

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Musandam

text: Governorate

text: The Dhofar ( ufr ) Governorate ( Arabic   ) is the largest of the eleven Governorates in the Sultanate of Oman in terms of area . It lies in Southern Oman , on the eastern border with Yemen . It is a rather mountainous area that covers 99,300 km2 ( 38,300 sq mi ) and has a population of 250,000 as of the 2010 census . The largest city , as well as capital of the Governorate , is Salalah . Historically the region was the chief source of frankincense in the world .

text: The

text: Dhofar

text: ufr

text: Governorate

text: Arabic

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: eleven

text: Governorates

text: in

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Oman

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: It

text: lies

text: in

text: Southern

text: Oman

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: with

text: Yemen

text: It

text: is

text: rather

text: mountainous

text: area

text: that

text: covers

text: sq

text: mi

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: census

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Governorate

text: is

text: Salalah

text: Historically

text: the

text: region

text: was

text: the

text: chief

text: source

text: of

text: frankincense

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Sana'a (also spelled Sanaa or Sana; "" ) is the largest city in Yemen and the centre of Sana'a Governorate. The city is not part of the Governorate, but forms the separate administrative district of "Amanat Al-Asemah". Under the Yemeni constitution, Sana'a is the capital of the country, although the seat of the internationally recognised government moved to Aden in the aftermath of the 201415 Yemeni coup d'état. Aden was declared as the temporary capital by President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi in March 2015.

text: Sana'a

text: also

text: spelled

text: Sanaa

text: or

text: Sana

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Yemen

text: and

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: Sana'a

text: Governorate

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Governorate

text: but

text: forms

text: the

text: separate

text: administrative

text: district

text: of

text: Amanat

text: Al

text: Asemah

text: Under

text: the

text: Yemeni

text: constitution

text: Sana'a

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: although

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: internationally

text: recognised

text: government

text: moved

text: to

text: Aden

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Yemeni

text: coup

text: d'état

text: Aden

text: was

text: declared

text: as

text: the

text: temporary

text: capital

text: by

text: President

text: Abd

text: Rabbuh

text: Mansur

text: Hadi

text: in

text: March

text: Oman (; ' ), officially the Sultanate of Oman, is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Holding a strategically important position at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, the nation is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest, and shares marine borders with Iran and Pakistan. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the southeast and the Gulf of Oman on the northeast. The Madha and Musandam exclaves are surrounded by the UAE on their land borders, with the Strait of Hormuz (which it shares with Iran) and Gulf of Oman forming Musandam's coastal boundaries.

text: Oman

text: officially

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Oman

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: Holding

text: strategically

text: important

text: position

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: the

text: nation

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Yemen

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: shares

text: marine

text: borders

text: with

text: Iran

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: The

text: coast

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: on

text: the

text: northeast

text: The

text: Madha

text: and

text: Musandam

text: exclaves

text: are

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: UAE

text: on

text: their

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: which

text: it

text: shares

text: with

text: Iran

text: and

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: forming

text: Musandam

text: 's

text: coastal

text: boundaries

text: Frankincense is an aromatic resin used in incense and perfumes, obtained from trees of the genus "Boswellia" in the family Burseraceae, particularly "Boswellia sacra" (syn: "B. bhaw-dajiana"), B. carterii, "B. frereana", "B. serrata" ("B. thurifera", Indian frankincense), and "B. papyrifera". The English word is derived from Old French "franc encens" (i.e., high quality incense).

text: Frankincense

text: is

text: an

text: aromatic

text: resin

text: used

text: in

text: incense

text: and

text: perfumes

text: obtained

text: from

text: trees

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Boswellia

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Burseraceae

text: particularly

text: Boswellia

text: sacra

text: syn

text: bhaw

text: dajiana

text: carterii

text: frereana

text: serrata

text: thurifera

text: Indian

text: frankincense

text: and

text: papyrifera

text: The

text: English

text: word

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: Old

text: French

text: franc

text: encens

text: i.e.

text: high

text: quality

text: incense

text: The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by northeastern Somalia and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India. Historically the sea has been known by other names including the Erythraean Sea and the Persian Sea. Its total area is and its maximum depth is . The Gulf of Aden is in the southwest, connecting the Arabian Sea to the Red Sea through the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, and the Gulf of Oman is in the northwest, connecting it to the Persian Gulf.

text: The

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Iran

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: northeastern

text: Somalia

text: and

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: India

text: Historically

text: the

text: sea

text: has

text: been

text: known

text: by

text: other

text: names

text: including

text: the

text: Erythraean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Persian

text: Sea

text: Its

text: total

text: area

text: is

text: and

text: its

text: maximum

text: depth

text: is

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: connecting

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: through

text: the

text: strait

text: of

text: Bab

text: el

text: Mandeb

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: connecting

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: Boswellia is a genus of trees in the order Sapindales, known for their fragrant resin which has many pharmacological uses, particularly as anti-inflammatories. The Biblical incense frankincense was an extract from the resin of the tree "Boswellia sacra", and is now produced also from "B. frereana".

text: Boswellia

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: trees

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: Sapindales

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: fragrant

text: resin

text: which

text: has

text: many

text: pharmacological

text: uses

text: particularly

text: as

text: anti

text: inflammatories

text: The

text: Biblical

text: incense

text: frankincense

text: was

text: an

text: extract

text: from

text: the

text: resin

text: of

text: the

text: tree

text: Boswellia

text: sacra

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: produced

text: also

text: from

text: frereana

text: The Persian Gulf is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia. The body of water is an extension of the Indian Ocean (Gulf of Oman) through the Strait of Hormuz and lies between Iran to the northeast and the Arabian Peninsula to the southwest. The Shatt al-Arab river delta forms the northwest shoreline.

text: The

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: is

text: mediterranean

text: sea

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: The

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: is

text: an

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: through

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: and

text: lies

text: between

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: Shatt

text: al

text: Arab

text: river

text: delta

text: forms

text: the

text: northwest

text: shoreline

text: Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the "de facto" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.

text: Iran

text: also

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Persia

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iran

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Armenia

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Iraq

text: Comprising

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Iran

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: with

text: both

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: and

text: an

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coastline

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: central

text: location

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: make

text: it

text: of

text: great

text: geostrategic

text: importance

text: Tehran

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: leading

text: economic

text: center

text: The Arabian Peninsula, simplified Arabia ("", « Arabian island ») is a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate. From a geological perspective, it is considered a subcontinent of Asia.

text: The

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: simplified

text: Arabia

text: Arabian

text: island

text: is

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Western

text: Asia

text: situated

text: northeast

text: of

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: Arabian

text: plate

text: From

text: geological

text: perspective

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: Asia

text: Incense is aromatic biotic material which releases fragrant smoke when burned. The term refers to the material itself, rather than to the aroma that it produces. Incense is used for aesthetic reasons, and in therapy, meditation, and ceremony. It may also be used as a simple deodorant or insectifuge.

text: Incense

text: is

text: aromatic

text: biotic

text: material

text: which

text: releases

text: fragrant

text: smoke

text: when

text: burned

text: The

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: material

text: itself

text: rather

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: aroma

text: that

text: it

text: produces

text: Incense

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: aesthetic

text: reasons

text: and

text: in

text: therapy

text: meditation

text: and

text: ceremony

text: It

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: simple

text: deodorant

text: or

text: insectifuge

text: Yemen ('), officially known as the Republic of Yemen ('), is an Arab country in Western Asia, occupying South Arabia, the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. Yemen is the second-largest country in the peninsula, occupying 527,970 km (203,850 sq mi). The coastline stretches for about 2,000 km (1,200 mi). It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south, and Oman to the east-northeast. Although Yemen's constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sana'a, the city has been under rebel control since February 2015. Because of this, Yemen's capital has been temporarily relocated to the port city of Aden, on the southern coast. Yemen's territory includes more than 200 islands; the largest of these is Socotra.

text: Yemen

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Yemen

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: occupying

text: South

text: Arabia

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: Yemen

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: peninsula

text: occupying

text: km

text: sq

text: mi

text: The

text: coastline

text: stretches

text: for

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: and

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Oman

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: northeast

text: Although

text: Yemen

text: 's

text: constitutionally

text: stated

text: capital

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Sana'a

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: been

text: under

text: rebel

text: control

text: since

text: February

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: Yemen

text: 's

text: capital

text: has

text: been

text: temporarily

text: relocated

text: to

text: the

text: port

text: city

text: of

text: Aden

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: coast

text: Yemen

text: 's

text: territory

text: includes

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: these

text: is

text: Socotra

text: Aden (, ; "" ) is a port city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some east of Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000 people. Aden's ancient, natural harbour lies in the crater of a dormant volcano which now forms a peninsula, joined to the mainland by a low isthmus. This harbour, Front Bay, was first used by the ancient Kingdom of Awsan between the 5th and 7th centuries BC. The modern harbour is on the other side of the peninsula. Aden gives its name to the Gulf of Aden.

text: Aden

text: is

text: port

text: city

text: in

text: Yemen

text: located

text: by

text: the

text: eastern

text: approach

text: to

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: some

text: east

text: of

text: Bab

text: el

text: Mandeb

text: Its

text: population

text: is

text: approximately

text: people

text: Aden

text: 's

text: ancient

text: natural

text: harbour

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: crater

text: of

text: dormant

text: volcano

text: which

text: now

text: forms

text: peninsula

text: joined

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: by

text: low

text: isthmus

text: This

text: harbour

text: Front

text: Bay

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: ancient

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Awsan

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: The

text: modern

text: harbour

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: peninsula

text: Aden

text: gives

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Makran or Sea of Oman ("aldj Umn"; in Balochi:   in "Khaleej Oman") is a strait (and not an actual gulf) that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf. It borders Pakistan and Iran on the north, Oman on the south, and the United Arab Emirates on the west.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: or

text: Sea

text: of

text: Makran

text: or

text: Sea

text: of

text: Oman

text: aldj

text: Umn

text: in

text: Balochi

text: in

text: Khaleej

text: Oman

text: is

text: strait

text: and

text: not

text: an

text: actual

text: gulf

text: that

text: connects

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: with

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: which

text: then

text: runs

text: to

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: It

text: borders

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Iran

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Oman

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: Socotra ('), also spelled Soqotra, is an island and a small archipelago of four islands in the Arabian Sea. The territory is part of Yemen, and had long been a subdivision of the Aden Governorate. In 2004, it became attached to the Hadhramaut Governorate, which is much closer to the island than Aden (although the nearest governorate was the Al Mahrah Governorate). In 2013, the archipelago became its own governorate, the Soqatra Governorate.

text: Socotra

text: also

text: spelled

text: Soqotra

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: and

text: small

text: archipelago

text: of

text: four

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: The

text: territory

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Yemen

text: and

text: had

text: long

text: been

text: subdivision

text: of

text: the

text: Aden

text: Governorate

text: In

text: it

text: became

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: Hadhramaut

text: Governorate

text: which

text: is

text: much

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: island

text: than

text: Aden

text: although

text: the

text: nearest

text: governorate

text: was

text: the

text: Al

text: Mahrah

text: Governorate

text: In

text: the

text: archipelago

text: became

text: its

text: own

text: governorate

text: the

text: Soqatra

text: Governorate

annotations: likely multiple

question: shares_border_with dhofar governorate

answer: al mahrah governorate

text: al mahrah governorate


text: Icons of Filth are an influential Welsh anarcho-punk band that were formed in 1979 and who campaigned via their lyrical content and their support to various causes to effect positive social, political and environmental change. The issues the band promoted included animal rights, anarchism, environmentalism, anti war, vegetarianism, veganism, antiglobalisation, feminism and the negative effects of organised religion.

text: Icons

text: of

text: Filth

text: are

text: an

text: influential

text: Welsh

text: anarcho

text: punk

text: band

text: that

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: and

text: who

text: campaigned

text: via

text: their

text: lyrical

text: content

text: and

text: their

text: support

text: to

text: various

text: causes

text: to

text: effect

text: positive

text: social

text: political

text: and

text: environmental

text: change

text: The

text: issues

text: the

text: band

text: promoted

text: included

text: animal

text: rights

text: anarchism

text: environmentalism

text: anti

text: war

text: vegetarianism

text: veganism

text: antiglobalisation

text: feminism

text: and

text: the

text: negative

text: effects

text: of

text: organised

text: religion

text: In music, montage (literally "putting together") or sound collage ("gluing together") is a technique where newly branded sound objects or compositions, including songs, are created from collage, also known as montage. This is often done through the use of sampling, while some playable sound collages were produced by gluing together sectors of different vinyl records. In any case, it may be achieved through the use of previous sound recordings or musical scores. Like its visual cousin, the collage work may have a completely different effect than that of the component parts, even if the original parts are completely recognizable or from only one source.

text: In

text: music

text: montage

text: literally

text: putting

text: together

text: or

text: sound

text: collage

text: gluing

text: together

text: is

text: technique

text: where

text: newly

text: branded

text: sound

text: objects

text: or

text: compositions

text: including

text: songs

text: are

text: created

text: from

text: collage

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: montage

text: This

text: is

text: often

text: done

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: sampling

text: while

text: some

text: playable

text: sound

text: collages

text: were

text: produced

text: by

text: gluing

text: together

text: sectors

text: of

text: different

text: vinyl

text: records

text: In

text: any

text: case

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: achieved

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: previous

text: sound

text: recordings

text: or

text: musical

text: scores

text: Like

text: its

text: visual

text: cousin

text: the

text: collage

text: work

text: may

text: have

text: completely

text: different

text: effect

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: component

text: parts

text: even

text: if

text: the

text: original

text: parts

text: are

text: completely

text: recognizable

text: or

text: from

text: only

text: one

text: source

text: Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions. These are often described as stateless societies, although several authors have defined them more specifically as institutions based on non-hierarchical free associations. Anarchism holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, and harmful. While anti-statism is central, anarchism entails opposing authority or hierarchical organization in the conduct of all human relations, including, but not limited to, the state system.

text: Anarchism

text: is

text: political

text: philosophy

text: that

text: advocates

text: self

text: governed

text: societies

text: based

text: on

text: voluntary

text: institutions

text: These

text: are

text: often

text: described

text: as

text: stateless

text: societies

text: although

text: several

text: authors

text: have

text: defined

text: them

text: more

text: specifically

text: as

text: institutions

text: based

text: on

text: non

text: hierarchical

text: free

text: associations

text: Anarchism

text: holds

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: be

text: undesirable

text: unnecessary

text: and

text: harmful

text: While

text: anti

text: statism

text: is

text: central

text: anarchism

text: entails

text: opposing

text: authority

text: or

text: hierarchical

text: organization

text: in

text: the

text: conduct

text: of

text: all

text: human

text: relations

text: including

text: but

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: state

text: system

text: Animal rights is the idea that some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interestssuch as the need to avoid sufferingshould be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings. Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alonean idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryderarguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other. They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.

text: Animal

text: rights

text: is

text: the

text: idea

text: that

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: non

text: human

text: animals

text: are

text: entitled

text: to

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: lives

text: and

text: that

text: their

text: most

text: basic

text: interestssuch

text: as

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: avoid

text: sufferingshould

text: be

text: afforded

text: the

text: same

text: consideration

text: as

text: similar

text: interests

text: of

text: human

text: beings

text: Advocates

text: oppose

text: the

text: assignment

text: of

text: moral

text: value

text: and

text: fundamental

text: protections

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: species

text: membership

text: alonean

text: idea

text: known

text: since

text: as

text: speciesism

text: when

text: the

text: term

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: Richard

text: Ryderarguing

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: prejudice

text: as

text: irrational

text: as

text: any

text: other

text: They

text: maintain

text: that

text: animals

text: should

text: no

text: longer

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: property

text: or

text: used

text: as

text: food

text: clothing

text: research

text: subjects

text: entertainment

text: or

text: beasts

text: of

text: burden

text: Punk rock (or simply "punk") is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid 1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as "proto-punk" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. Punk bands typically use short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels.

text: Punk

text: rock

text: or

text: simply

text: punk

text: is

text: rock

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: to

text: mid

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Australia

text: Rooted

text: in

text: garage

text: rock

text: and

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: proto

text: punk

text: music

text: punk

text: rock

text: bands

text: rejected

text: perceived

text: excesses

text: of

text: mainstream

text: rock

text: Punk

text: bands

text: typically

text: use

text: short

text: or

text: fast

text: paced

text: songs

text: with

text: hard

text: edged

text: melodies

text: and

text: singing

text: styles

text: stripped

text: down

text: instrumentation

text: and

text: often

text: political

text: anti

text: establishment

text: lyrics

text: Punk

text: embraces

text: DIY

text: ethic

text: many

text: bands

text: self

text: produce

text: recordings

text: and

text: distribute

text: them

text: through

text: informal

text: channels

text: Collage (from the , "to glue") is a technique of an art production, primarily used in the visual arts, where the artwork is made from an assemblage of different forms, thus creating a new whole.

text: Collage

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: glue

text: is

text: technique

text: of

text: an

text: art

text: production

text: primarily

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: visual

text: arts

text: where

text: the

text: artwork

text: is

text: made

text: from

text: an

text: assemblage

text: of

text: different

text: forms

text: thus

text: creating

text: new

text: whole

text: Hardcore punk (often abbreviated to hardcore) is a punk rock music genre that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock. Its roots can be traced to earlier punk scenes in San Francisco and Southern California which arose as a reaction against the still predominant hippie cultural climate of the time and was also inspired by New York punk rock and early proto-punk. New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the established music industry and "anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock" and often addresses social and political topics.

text: Hardcore

text: punk

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: hardcore

text: is

text: punk

text: rock

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: faster

text: harder

text: and

text: more

text: aggressive

text: than

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: punk

text: rock

text: Its

text: roots

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: earlier

text: punk

text: scenes

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: and

text: Southern

text: California

text: which

text: arose

text: as

text: reaction

text: against

text: the

text: still

text: predominant

text: hippie

text: cultural

text: climate

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: inspired

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: punk

text: rock

text: and

text: early

text: proto

text: punk

text: New

text: York

text: punk

text: had

text: harder

text: edged

text: sound

text: than

text: its

text: San

text: Francisco

text: counterpart

text: featuring

text: anti

text: art

text: expressions

text: of

text: masculine

text: anger

text: energy

text: and

text: subversive

text: humor

text: Hardcore

text: punk

text: generally

text: disavows

text: commercialism

text: the

text: established

text: music

text: industry

text: and

text: anything

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: characteristics

text: of

text: mainstream

text: rock

text: and

text: often

text: addresses

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: topics

text: A resistance movement is an organized effort by some portion of the civil population of a country to resist the legally established government or an occupying power and to disrupt civil order and stability. It may seek to achieve its objectives through either the use of nonviolent resistance (sometimes called civil resistance), or the use of force, whether armed or unarmed. In many cases, as for example in Norway in the Second World War, a resistance movement may employ both violent and non-violent methods, usually operating under different organizations and acting in different phases or geographical areas within a country.

text: resistance

text: movement

text: is

text: an

text: organized

text: effort

text: by

text: some

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: civil

text: population

text: of

text: country

text: to

text: resist

text: the

text: legally

text: established

text: government

text: or

text: an

text: occupying

text: power

text: and

text: to

text: disrupt

text: civil

text: order

text: and

text: stability

text: It

text: may

text: seek

text: to

text: achieve

text: its

text: objectives

text: through

text: either

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: nonviolent

text: resistance

text: sometimes

text: called

text: civil

text: resistance

text: or

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: force

text: whether

text: armed

text: or

text: unarmed

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: as

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: Norway

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: resistance

text: movement

text: may

text: employ

text: both

text: violent

text: and

text: non

text: violent

text: methods

text: usually

text: operating

text: under

text: different

text: organizations

text: and

text: acting

text: in

text: different

text: phases

text: or

text: geographical

text: areas

text: within

text: country

text: Hagar the Womb are an English punk rock band, originally active in the early 1980s and part of the Anarcho-punk movement. In hiatus from 1987, members went on to form We are Going to Eat You and Melt. A 2011 compilation of their back catalogue brought all members back into contact with each other, and invitations to reform and play gigs and festivals have had Hagar The Womb gigging again since 2012.

text: Hagar

text: the

text: Womb

text: are

text: an

text: English

text: punk

text: rock

text: band

text: originally

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Anarcho

text: punk

text: movement

text: In

text: hiatus

text: from

text: members

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: form

text: We

text: are

text: Going

text: to

text: Eat

text: You

text: and

text: Melt

text: compilation

text: of

text: their

text: back

text: catalogue

text: brought

text: all

text: members

text: back

text: into

text: contact

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: invitations

text: to

text: reform

text: and

text: play

text: gigs

text: and

text: festivals

text: have

text: had

text: Hagar

text: The

text: Womb

text: gigging

text: again

text: since

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Folk punk (known in its early days as rogue folk) is a fusion of folk music and punk rock. It was popularized in the early 1980s by The Pogues in Britain, and by Violent Femmes in the United States. Folk punk achieved some mainstream success in that decade. In more recent years, its subgenres Celtic punk and Gypsy punk have experienced some commercial success.

text: Folk

text: punk

text: known

text: in

text: its

text: early

text: days

text: as

text: rogue

text: folk

text: is

text: fusion

text: of

text: folk

text: music

text: and

text: punk

text: rock

text: It

text: was

text: popularized

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: by

text: The

text: Pogues

text: in

text: Britain

text: and

text: by

text: Violent

text: Femmes

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Folk

text: punk

text: achieved

text: some

text: mainstream

text: success

text: in

text: that

text: decade

text: In

text: more

text: recent

text: years

text: its

text: subgenres

text: Celtic

text: punk

text: and

text: Gypsy

text: punk

text: have

text: experienced

text: some

text: commercial

text: success

text: Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.

text: Vegetarianism

text: is

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: abstaining

text: from

text: the

text: consumption

text: of

text: meat

text: red

text: meat

text: poultry

text: seafood

text: and

text: the

text: flesh

text: of

text: any

text: other

text: animal

text: and

text: may

text: also

text: include

text: abstention

text: from

text: by

text: products

text: of

text: animal

text: slaughter

text:
D-beat (also known as discore or kängpunk) is a style of hardcore punk, developed in the early 1980s by imitators of Discharge, after whom the genre is named, as well as a drum beat characteristic of this subgenre. Discharge may have themselves inherited the beat from Motörhead and the Buzzcocks.
D-beat is closely associated with crust punk, which is a heavier, more complex variation. The style was particularly popular in Sweden, and developed there by groups such as Crude SS, Anti Cimex, Mob 47 and Driller Killer. Other D-beat groups include Doom and the Varukers from the UK; Disclose from Japan; Crucifix and Final Conflict from the U.S.; Ratos de Porão, from Brazil; and MG15, from Spain. While the style initially developed in the early 1980s, a number of new groups working within the subgenre emerged in the mid-1990s. These include the Swedish groups Wolfbrigade, Totalitär, Avskum, Skitsystem and Disfear.

text: beat

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: discore

text: or

text: kängpunk

text: is

text: style

text: of

text: hardcore

text: punk

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: by

text: imitators

text: of

text: Discharge

text: after

text: whom

text: the

text: genre

text: is

text: named

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: drum

text: beat

text: characteristic

text: of

text: this

text: subgenre

text: Discharge

text: may

text: have

text: themselves

text: inherited

text: the

text: beat

text: from

text: Motörhead

text: and

text: the

text: Buzzcocks

text: beat

text: is

text: closely

text: associated

text: with

text: crust

text: punk

text: which

text: is

text: heavier

text: more

text: complex

text: variation

text: The

text: style

text: was

text: particularly

text: popular

text: in

text: Sweden

text: and

text: developed

text: there

text: by

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: Crude

text: SS

text: Anti

text: Cimex

text: Mob

text: and

text: Driller

text: Killer

text: Other

text: beat

text: groups

text: include

text: Doom

text: and

text: the

text: Varukers

text: from

text: the

text: UK

text: Disclose

text: from

text: Japan

text: Crucifix

text: and

text: Final

text: Conflict

text: from

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Ratos

text: de

text: Porão

text: from

text: Brazil

text: and

text: from

text: Spain

text: While

text: the

text: style

text: initially

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: number

text: of

text: new

text: groups

text: working

text: within

text: the

text: subgenre

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: These

text: include

text: the

text: Swedish

text: groups

text: Wolfbrigade

text: Totalitär

text: Avskum

text: Skitsystem

text: and

text: Disfear

text: Crass were an English collective and punk rock band formed in 1977 which promoted anarchism as a political ideology, a way of life and a resistance movement. Crass popularised the anarcho-punk movement of the punk subculture, advocating direct action, animal rights, feminism and environmentalism. The band used and advocated a DIY punk ethic approach to its sound collages, leaflets, albums and films.

text: Crass

text: were

text: an

text: English

text: collective

text: and

text: punk

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: which

text: promoted

text: anarchism

text: as

text: political

text: ideology

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: resistance

text: movement

text: Crass

text: popularised

text: the

text: anarcho

text: punk

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: punk

text: subculture

text: advocating

text: direct

text: action

text: animal

text: rights

text: feminism

text: and

text: environmentalism

text: The

text: band

text: used

text: and

text: advocated

text: DIY

text: punk

text: ethic

text: approach

text: to

text: its

text: sound

text: collages

text: leaflets

text: albums

text: and

text: films

text: Garage punk is a rock subgenre that evokes characteristics identified with punk rock. Its progenitors are with the North American garage rock bands in the early 1960s. The term is sometimes used interchangeably with "garage rock" or "garage revival". Another movement that is widely categorized as "garage punk" drew heavily from stripped-down 1970s punk rock and Detroit proto-punk, taking shape in the indie rock underground between the late 1980s and early 1990s.

text: Garage

text: punk

text: is

text: rock

text: subgenre

text: that

text: evokes

text: characteristics

text: identified

text: with

text: punk

text: rock

text: Its

text: progenitors

text: are

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: garage

text: rock

text: bands

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: with

text: garage

text: rock

text: or

text: garage

text: revival

text: Another

text: movement

text: that

text: is

text: widely

text: categorized

text: as

text: garage

text: punk

text: drew

text: heavily

text: from

text: stripped

text: down

text: punk

text: rock

text: and

text: Detroit

text: proto

text: punk

text: taking

text: shape

text: in

text: the

text: indie

text: rock

text: underground

text: between

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Environmentalism or environmental rights is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement regarding concerns for environmental protection and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the concerns of non-human elements. Environmentalism advocates the lawful preservation, restoration and/or improvement of the natural environment, and may be referred to as a movement to control pollution or protect plant and animal diversity. For this reason, concepts such as a land ethic, environmental ethics, biodiversity, ecology, and the biophilia hypothesis figure predominantly.

text: Environmentalism

text: or

text: environmental

text: rights

text: is

text: broad

text: philosophy

text: ideology

text: and

text: social

text: movement

text: regarding

text: concerns

text: for

text: environmental

text: protection

text: and

text: improvement

text: of

text: the

text: health

text: of

text: the

text: environment

text: particularly

text: as

text: the

text: measure

text: for

text: this

text: health

text: seeks

text: to

text: incorporate

text: the

text: concerns

text: of

text: non

text: human

text: elements

text: Environmentalism

text: advocates

text: the

text: lawful

text: preservation

text: restoration

text: and/or

text: improvement

text: of

text: the

text: natural

text: environment

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: movement

text: to

text: control

text: pollution

text: or

text: protect

text: plant

text: and

text: animal

text: diversity

text: For

text: this

text: reason

text: concepts

text: such

text: as

text: land

text: ethic

text: environmental

text: ethics

text: biodiversity

text: ecology

text: and

text: the

text: biophilia

text: hypothesis

text: figure

text: predominantly

text: The punk subculture, which centres on punk rock music, includes a diverse array of ideologies, fashions and forms of expression, including visual art, dance, literature and film. The subculture is largely characterized by anti-establishment views and the promotion of individual freedom. The punk subculture is centered on a loud, aggressive genre of rock music called punk rock. It is usually played by small bands consisting of a vocalist, one or two electric guitarists, an electric bassist, and a drummer.

text: The

text: punk

text: subculture

text: which

text: centres

text: on

text: punk

text: rock

text: music

text: includes

text: diverse

text: array

text: of

text: ideologies

text: fashions

text: and

text: forms

text: of

text: expression

text: including

text: visual

text: art

text: dance

text: literature

text: and

text: film

text: The

text: subculture

text: is

text: largely

text: characterized

text: by

text: anti

text: establishment

text: views

text: and

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: individual

text: freedom

text: The

text: punk

text: subculture

text: is

text: centered

text: on

text: loud

text: aggressive

text: genre

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: called

text: punk

text: rock

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: played

text: by

text: small

text: bands

text: consisting

text: of

text: vocalist

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: electric

text: guitarists

text: an

text: electric

text: bassist

text: and

text: drummer

text: Conflict is an English anarcho - punk band originally based in Eltham in South London . Formed in 1981 , the band 's original line up consisted of : Colin Jerwood ( vocals ) , Francisco ' Paco ' Carreno ( drums ) , Big John ( bass guitar ) , Steve ( guitars ) , Pauline ( vocals ) , Paul aka ' Nihilistic Nobody ' ( visuals ) . Their first release was the EP `` The House That Man Built '' on Crass Records . By the time they released their first album , It 's Time to See Who 's Who , on Corpus Christi Records , Pauline and Paul had left the band . Conflict later set up its own Mortarhate Records label , which put out releases by other artists including Hagar the Womb , Icons of Filth , Lost Cherrees , The Apostles , Exitstance , Stalag 17 , Admit You 're Shit and Potential Threat . In 1983 , Steve Ignorant , who was at the time a member of the band Crass , guested on the band 's pro-animal rights single `` To A Nation of Animal Lovers '' . After the dissolution of Crass , Ignorant later became second vocalist for Conflict on a semi-permanent basis . This followed a 1986 gig in Brixton , London , when he had joined the band on stage for a few numbers . The band has always been outspoken regarding issues such as anarchism , animal rights , the anti-war movement and in their support for the organisation Class War , and a number of their gigs during the 1980s were followed by riots and disturbances . Former band drummer , Francisco `` Paco '' Carreno , died on 20 February 2015 , at the age of 49 . In September 2015 , it was announced that vocalist Jeannie Ford had joined the band .

text: Conflict

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: anarcho

text: punk

text: band

text: originally

text: based

text: in

text: Eltham

text: in

text: South

text: London

text: Formed

text: in

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: original

text: line

text: up

text: consisted

text: of

text: Colin

text: Jerwood

text: vocals

text: Francisco

text: Paco

text: Carreno

text: drums

text: Big

text: John

text: bass

text: guitar

text: Steve

text: guitars

text: Pauline

text: vocals

text: Paul

text: aka

text: Nihilistic

text: Nobody

text: visuals

text: Their

text: first

text: release

text: was

text: the

text: EP

text: The

text: House

text: That

text: Man

text: Built

text: on

text: Crass

text: Records

text: By

text: the

text: time

text: they

text: released

text: their

text: first

text: album

text: It

text: 's

text: Time

text: to

text: See

text: Who

text: 's

text: Who

text: on

text: Corpus

text: Christi

text: Records

text: Pauline

text: and

text: Paul

text: had

text: left

text: the

text: band

text: Conflict

text: later

text: set

text: up

text: its

text: own

text: Mortarhate

text: Records

text: label

text: which

text: put

text: out

text: releases

text: by

text: other

text: artists

text: including

text: Hagar

text: the

text: Womb

text: Icons

text: of

text: Filth

text: Lost

text: Cherrees

text: The

text: Apostles

text: Exitstance

text: Stalag

text: Admit

text: You

text: 're

text: Shit

text: and

text: Potential

text: Threat

text: In

text: Steve

text: Ignorant

text: who

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: Crass

text: guested

text: on

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: pro

text: animal

text: rights

text: single

text: To

text: Nation

text: of

text: Animal

text: Lovers

text: After

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: Crass

text: Ignorant

text: later

text: became

text: second

text: vocalist

text: for

text: Conflict

text: on

text: semi

text: permanent

text: basis

text: This

text: followed

text: gig

text: in

text: Brixton

text: London

text: when

text: he

text: had

text: joined

text: the

text: band

text: on

text: stage

text: for

text: few

text: numbers

text: The

text: band

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: outspoken

text: regarding

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: anarchism

text: animal

text: rights

text: the

text: anti

text: war

text: movement

text: and

text: in

text: their

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: organisation

text: Class

text: War

text: and

text: number

text: of

text: their

text: gigs

text: during

text: the

text: were

text: followed

text: by

text: riots

text: and

text: disturbances

text: Former

text: band

text: drummer

text: Francisco

text: Paco

text: Carreno

text: died

text: on

text: February

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: In

text: September

text: it

text: was

text: announced

text: that

text: vocalist

text: Jeannie

text: Ford

text: had

text: joined

text: the

text: band

text: Anarcho-punk (or anarchist punk) is punk rock that promotes anarchism. The term "anarcho-punk" is sometimes applied exclusively to bands that were part of the original anarcho-punk movement in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Some use the term more broadly to refer to any punk or rock music with anarchist lyrical content, including crust punk, d-beat, folk punk, hardcore punk, garage punk or ska punk.

text: Anarcho

text: punk

text: or

text: anarchist

text: punk

text: is

text: punk

text: rock

text: that

text: promotes

text: anarchism

text: The

text: term

text: anarcho

text: punk

text: is

text: sometimes

text: applied

text: exclusively

text: to

text: bands

text: that

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: anarcho

text: punk

text: movement

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Some

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: more

text: broadly

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: punk

text: or

text: rock

text: music

text: with

text: anarchist

text: lyrical

text: content

text: including

text: crust

text: punk

text: beat

text: folk

text: punk

text: hardcore

text: punk

text: garage

text: punk

text: or

text: ska

text: punk

text: Ska punk is a fusion music genre that combines ska music and punk rock music.

text: Ska

text: punk

text: is

text: fusion

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: combines

text: ska

text: music

text: and

text: punk

text: rock

text: music

text: Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals. A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan.

text: Veganism

text: is

text: both

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: abstaining

text: from

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: animal

text: products

text: particularly

text: in

text: diet

text: and

text: an

text: associated

text: philosophy

text: that

text: rejects

text: the

text: commodity

text: status

text: of

text: animals

text: follower

text: of

text: either

text: the

text: diet

text: or

text: the

text: philosophy

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: vegan

text: Crust punk (or simply crust) is a form of music influenced by hardcore punk and extreme metal. The style, which evolved in the mid-1980s in England, often has songs with dark and pessimistic lyrics that linger on political and social ills. The term "crust" was coined by Hellbastard on their 1986 "Ripper Crust" demo.

text: Crust

text: punk

text: or

text: simply

text: crust

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: music

text: influenced

text: by

text: hardcore

text: punk

text: and

text: extreme

text: metal

text: The

text: style

text: which

text: evolved

text: in

text: the

text: in

text: England

text: often

text: has

text: songs

text: with

text: dark

text: and

text: pessimistic

text: lyrics

text: that

text: linger

text: on

text: political

text: and

text: social

text: ills

text: The

text: term

text: crust

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: Hellbastard

text: on

text: their

text: Ripper

text: Crust

text: demo

text: The Apostles are an experimental punk rock band who developed within the confines of the 1980s anarcho-punk scene in the UK, but did not necessarily adhere to the aesthetics of that movement.

text: The

text: Apostles

text: are

text: an

text: experimental

text: punk

text: rock

text: band

text: who

text: developed

text: within

text: the

text: confines

text: of

text: the

text: anarcho

text: punk

text: scene

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: necessarily

text: adhere

text: to

text: the

text: aesthetics

text: of

text: that

text: movement

text:
Its Time to See Whos Who
An album by the British punk rock band Conflict. It was released in 1983 by Corpus Christi Records, and again in 1994 as "It's Time to See Who's Who Now" on Mortarhate Records, with a different track listing.

text: Its

text: Time

text: to

text: See

text: Who

text: Who

text: An

text: album

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: punk

text: rock

text: band

text: Conflict

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: by

text: Corpus

text: Christi

text: Records

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: as

text: It

text: 's

text: Time

text: to

text: See

text: Who

text: 's

text: Who

text: Now

text: on

text: Mortarhate

text: Records

text: with

text: different

text: track

text: listing

text: Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social rights for women. This includes seeking to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment.

text: Feminism

text: is

text: range

text: of

text: political

text: movements

text: ideologies

text: and

text: social

text: movements

text: that

text: share

text: common

text: goal

text: to

text: define

text: establish

text: and

text: achieve

text: political

text: economic

text: personal

text: and

text: social

text: rights

text: for

text: women

text: This

text: includes

text: seeking

text: to

text: establish

text: equal

text: opportunities

text: for

text: women

text: in

text: education

text: and

text: employment

text: Crass Records was an independent record label which was set up by the anarchist punk band Crass.

text: Crass

text: Records

text: was

text: an

text: independent

text: record

text: label

text: which

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: anarchist

text: punk

text: band

text: Crass

annotations: follows single

question: genre conflict

answer: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock

text: punk rock