text: The Sea of Azov ("Azovs'ke more/Azovke more") is a sea in Eastern Europe. To the south it is linked by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea, and it is sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea. The sea is bounded in the north by mainland Ukraine, in the east by Russia, and in the west by the Crimean Peninsula. The Don and Kuban are the major rivers that flow into it. The Sea of Azov is the shallowest sea in the world, with the depth varying between . There is a constant outflow of water from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea.

text: The

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: Azovs'ke

text: more

text: Azovke

text: more

text: is

text: sea

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: To

text: the

text: south

text: it

text: is

text: linked

text: by

text: the

text: narrow

text: about

text: Strait

text: of

text: Kerch

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: regarded

text: as

text: northern

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: bounded

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: mainland

text: Ukraine

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Russia

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: The

text: Don

text: and

text: Kuban

text: are

text: the

text: major

text: rivers

text: that

text: flow

text: into

text: it

text: The

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: is

text: the

text: shallowest

text: sea

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: the

text: depth

text: varying

text: between

text: There

text: is

text: constant

text: outflow

text: of

text: water

text: from

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.

text: Rock

text: music

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: that

text: originated

text: as

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: developed

text: into

text: range

text: of

text: different

text: styles

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: later

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: itself

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: blues

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: and

text: country

text: music

text: Rock

text: music

text: also

text: drew

text: strongly

text: on

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: electric

text: blues

text: and

text: folk

text: and

text: incorporated

text: influences

text: from

text: jazz

text: classical

text: and

text: other

text: musical

text: sources

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: The House of Habsburg, also called House of Hapsburg, or House of Austria, was one of the most influential royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740. The house also produced emperors and kings of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of England ("Jure uxoris" King), Kingdom of France (Queen consort), Kingdom of Germany, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Croatia, Second Mexican Empire, Kingdom of Ireland ("Jure uxoris" King), Kingdom of Portugal, and Habsburg Spain, as well as rulers of several Dutch and Italian principalities. From the sixteenth century, following the reign of Charles V, the dynasty was split between its Austrian and Spanish branches. Although they ruled distinct territories, they nevertheless maintained close relations and frequently intermarried.

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: also

text: called

text: House

text: of

text: Hapsburg

text: or

text: House

text: of

text: Austria

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: royal

text: houses

text: of

text: Europe

text: The

text: throne

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: continuously

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Habsburgs

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: house

text: also

text: produced

text: emperors

text: and

text: kings

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: Jure

text: uxoris

text: King

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: France

text: Queen

text: consort

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Germany

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hungary

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Croatia

text: Second

text: Mexican

text: Empire

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Jure

text: uxoris

text: King

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Portugal

text: and

text: Habsburg

text: Spain

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: rulers

text: of

text: several

text: Dutch

text: and

text: Italian

text: principalities

text: From

text: the

text: sixteenth

text: century

text: following

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Charles

text: the

text: dynasty

text: was

text: split

text: between

text: its

text: Austrian

text: and

text: Spanish

text: branches

text: Although

text: they

text: ruled

text: distinct

text: territories

text: they

text: nevertheless

text: maintained

text: close

text: relations

text: and

text: frequently

text: intermarried

text: Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.

text: Belarus

text: lat

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Belarus

text: formerly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Russian

text: name

text: Byelorussia

text: though

text: this

text: name

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: used

text: in

text: Belarus

text: itself

text: even

text: in

text: Russian

text: language

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Minsk

text: Over

text: of

text: its

text: is

text: forested

text: Its

text: strongest

text: economic

text: sectors

text: are

text: service

text: industries

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: different

text: states

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: controlled

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Belarus

text: including

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: to

text: centuries

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: The Baltic Sea (  ; ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic countries, and the North European Plain. It includes the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bay of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga, and the Bay of Gdask. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic, with limited water exchange between the two bodies, the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund, the Great Belt, and the Little Belt.

text: The

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: is

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: enclosed

text: by

text: Scandinavia

text: Finland

text: the

text: Baltic

text: countries

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: European

text: Plain

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Riga

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Gdask

text: The

text: sea

text: stretches

text: from

text: to

text: latitude

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: longitude

text: mediterranean

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: with

text: limited

text: water

text: exchange

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: bodies

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: drains

text: through

text: the

text: Danish

text: islands

text: into

text: the

text: Kattegat

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: straits

text: of

text: Øresund

text: the

text: Great

text: Belt

text: and

text: the

text: Little

text: Belt

text:
Lviv (',   ', ; Yiddish: ; Latin: "Leopolis"), the largest city in western Ukraine and the seventh largest city in the country overall, is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine. Named in honor of the Leo, the eldest son of Rus' King Daniel of Galicia. It was the capital of the Kingdom of GaliciaVolhynia (also called Kingdom of Rus') from 1272 to 1349, when it was conquered by King Casimir III the Great who then became known as the King of Poland and Rus'. From 1434, it was the regional capital of the Ruthenian Voivodeship in the Kingdom of Poland and was known as Lwów. In 1772, after the First partition of Poland, the city became the capital of the Habsburg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria and was renamed to Lemberg. In 1918 in a short time was the capital of the West Ukrainian People's Republic. Between the wars, the city was known again as Lwów and was the centre of the Lwów Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic. After World War II, it became part of the Soviet Union (Ukrainian SSR) and in 1991 of independent Ukraine.
Administratively, Lviv serves as the administrative center of Lviv Oblast and has the status of city of oblast significance. Its population is .

text: Lviv

text: Yiddish

text: Latin

text: Leopolis

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: western

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: overall

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: cultural

text: centres

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: Named

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: the

text: Leo

text: the

text: eldest

text: son

text: of

text: Rus

text: King

text: Daniel

text: of

text: Galicia

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: GaliciaVolhynia

text: also

text: called

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Rus

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: conquered

text: by

text: King

text: Casimir

text: III

text: the

text: Great

text: who

text: then

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Poland

text: and

text: Rus

text: From

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: regional

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Ruthenian

text: Voivodeship

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Poland

text: and

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Lwów

text: In

text: after

text: the

text: First

text: partition

text: of

text: Poland

text: the

text: city

text: became

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: and

text: Lodomeria

text: and

text: was

text: renamed

text: to

text: Lemberg

text: In

text: in

text: short

text: time

text: was

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Ukrainian

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: Between

text: the

text: wars

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: known

text: again

text: as

text: Lwów

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Lwów

text: Voivodeship

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: Polish

text: Republic

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: it

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Ukrainian

text: SSR

text: and

text: in

text: of

text: independent

text: Ukraine

text: Administratively

text: Lviv

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: Lviv

text: Oblast

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: city

text: of

text: oblast

text: significance

text: Its

text: population

text: is

text: Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and lands represented in the Imperial Council, or "Cisleithania") and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or "Transleithania") that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867. Austria-Hungary consisted of two monarchies (Austria and Hungary), and one autonomous region: the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the CroatianHungarian Settlement ("Nagodba") in 1868. It was ruled by the House of Habsburg, and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and the Hungarian states were co-equal. Foreign affairs and the military came under joint oversight, but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states.

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: in

text: English

text: language

text: sources

text: was

text: constitutional

text: union

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: the

text: Kingdoms

text: and

text: lands

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Council

text: or

text: Cisleithania

text: and

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hungary

text: Lands

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Saint

text: Stephen

text: or

text: Transleithania

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: it

text: collapsed

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: defeat

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: The

text: union

text: was

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Compromise

text: of

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: existence

text: on

text: March

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: consisted

text: of

text: two

text: monarchies

text: Austria

text: and

text: Hungary

text: and

text: one

text: autonomous

text: region

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Croatia

text: Slavonia

text: under

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: crown

text: which

text: negotiated

text: the

text: CroatianHungarian

text: Settlement

text: Nagodba

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: and

text: constituted

text: the

text: last

text: phase

text: in

text: the

text: constitutional

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Monarchy

text: Following

text: the

text: reforms

text: the

text: Austrian

text: and

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: states

text: were

text: co

text: equal

text: Foreign

text: affairs

text: and

text: the

text: military

text: came

text: under

text: joint

text: oversight

text: but

text: all

text: other

text: governmental

text: faculties

text: were

text: divided

text: between

text: respective

text: states

text: Moldova (or sometimes ), or Moldavia, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The capital city is Chiinu.

text: Moldova

text: or

text: sometimes

text: or

text: Moldavia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Moldova

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Romania

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Chiinu

text: Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.

text: Ukraine

text: tr

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Poland

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Hungary

text: Romania

text: and

text: Moldova

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southeast

text: respectively

text: Ukraine

text: is

text: currently

text: in

text: territorial

text: dispute

text: with

text: Russia

text: over

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: which

text: Russia

text: annexed

text: in

text: but

text: which

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: recognise

text: as

text: Ukrainian

text: Including

text: Crimea

text: Ukraine

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: entirely

text: within

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed from the Middle Ages into the twentieth century (10001946 with the exception of 19181920). The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen I at Esztergom in about the year 1000; his family (the Árpád dynasty) led the monarchy for 300 years. By the 12th century, the kingdom became a European middle power within the Western world.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hungary

text: was

text: monarchy

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: into

text: the

text: twentieth

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: The

text: Principality

text: of

text: Hungary

text: emerged

text: as

text: Christian

text: kingdom

text: upon

text: the

text: coronation

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: king

text: Stephen

text: at

text: Esztergom

text: in

text: about

text: the

text: year

text: his

text: family

text: the

text: Árpád

text: dynasty

text: led

text: the

text: monarchy

text: for

text: years

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: kingdom

text: became

text: European

text: middle

text: power

text: within

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It is supplied by a number of major rivers, such as the Danube, Dnieper, Rioni, Southern Bug, and Dniester. The Black Sea has an area of (not including the Sea of Azov), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and features a wide shelf to the northwest. The longest east-west extent is about .

text: The

text: Black

text: Sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: between

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bounded

text: by

text: Bulgaria

text: Georgia

text: Romania

text: Russia

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: It

text: is

text: supplied

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: major

text: rivers

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Danube

text: Dnieper

text: Rioni

text: Southern

text: Bug

text: and

text: Dniester

text: The

text: Black

text: Sea

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: not

text: including

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: maximum

text: depth

text: of

text: and

text: volume

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: constrained

text: by

text: the

text: Pontic

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: features

text: wide

text: shelf

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: The

text: longest

text: east

text: west

text: extent

text: is

text: about

text: The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia  was a nominally autonomous kingdom within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, created in 1868 by merging the kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia following the CroatianHungarian Settlement. It was associated with the Hungarian Kingdom within the dual Austro-Hungarian state, being within the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen or Transleithania. The kingdom was ruled by the Habsburg Emperor-King of Austria-Hungary ("Kaiser und König") under his title as "King of Croatia and Slavonia". The King's appointed steward was the Ban of Croatia and Slavonia. In 1918, the kingdom declared independence and reformed into the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Croatia

text: Slavonia

text: was

text: nominally

text: autonomous

text: kingdom

text: within

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: merging

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Croatia

text: and

text: Slavonia

text: following

text: the

text: CroatianHungarian

text: Settlement

text: It

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: Kingdom

text: within

text: the

text: dual

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: state

text: being

text: within

text: the

text: Lands

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: St.

text: Stephen

text: or

text: Transleithania

text: The

text: kingdom

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Emperor

text: King

text: of

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: Kaiser

text: und

text: König

text: under

text: his

text: title

text: as

text: King

text: of

text: Croatia

text: and

text: Slavonia

text: The

text: King

text: 's

text: appointed

text: steward

text: was

text: the

text: Ban

text: of

text: Croatia

text: and

text: Slavonia

text: In

text: the

text: kingdom

text: declared

text: independence

text: and

text: reformed

text: into

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Slovenes

text: Croats

text: and

text: Serbs

text: The Habsburg Monarchy or Empire, occasionally also styled as the Danubian Monarchy ("Donaumonarchie"), is an unofficial appellation among historians for the countries and provinces that were ruled by the between 1521 and 1780 and then by the successor branch of Habsburg-Lorraine until 1918. The Monarchy was a composite state composed of territories within and outside the Holy Roman Empire, united only in the person of the monarch. The dynastic capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague. From 1804 to 1867 the Habsburg Monarchy was formally unified as the Austrian Empire, and from 1867 to 1918 as the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

text: The

text: Habsburg

text: Monarchy

text: or

text: Empire

text: occasionally

text: also

text: styled

text: as

text: the

text: Danubian

text: Monarchy

text: Donaumonarchie

text: is

text: an

text: unofficial

text: appellation

text: among

text: historians

text: for

text: the

text: countries

text: and

text: provinces

text: that

text: were

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: then

text: by

text: the

text: successor

text: branch

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: Lorraine

text: until

text: The

text: Monarchy

text: was

text: composite

text: state

text: composed

text: of

text: territories

text: within

text: and

text: outside

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: united

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: person

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: The

text: dynastic

text: capital

text: was

text: Vienna

text: except

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: moved

text: to

text: Prague

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Monarchy

text: was

text: formally

text: unified

text: as

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: Franz Liszt (born Franz Joseph Liszt) (in modern usage "Liszt Ferenc", ; October 22, 1811July 31, 1886) was a prolific 19th-century Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, music teacher, arranger, organist, philanthropist, author, nationalist and a Franciscan tertiary.

text: Franz

text: Liszt

text: born

text: Franz

text: Joseph

text: Liszt

text: in

text: modern

text: usage

text: Liszt

text: Ferenc

text: October

text: was

text: prolific

text: century

text: Hungarian

text: composer

text: virtuoso

text: pianist

text: conductor

text: music

text: teacher

text: arranger

text: organist

text: philanthropist

text: author

text: nationalist

text: and

text: Franciscan

text: tertiary

text: Lviv Oblast (translit. "Lvivska oblast"; also referred to as Lvivshchyna) is an oblast (province) in western Ukraine. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Lviv. Population: .

text: Lviv

text: Oblast

text: translit

text: Lvivska

text: oblast

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Lvivshchyna

text: is

text: an

text: oblast

text: province

text: in

text: western

text: Ukraine

text: The

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: oblast

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Lviv

text: Population

text: Cisleithania (also "Zisleithanien", , , , , , , , , transliterated: "Tsysleitàniia") was a common yet unofficial denotation of the northern and western part of Austria-Hungary, the Dual Monarchy created in the Compromise of 1867as distinguished from "Transleithania", i.e. the Hungarian Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen east of ("beyond") the Leitha River.

text: Cisleithania

text: also

text: Zisleithanien

text: transliterated

text: Tsysleitàniia

text: was

text: common

text: yet

text: unofficial

text: denotation

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: and

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: the

text: Dual

text: Monarchy

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: Compromise

text: of

text: distinguished

text: from

text: Transleithania

text: i.e.

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: Lands

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Saint

text: Stephen

text: east

text: of

text: beyond

text: the

text: Leitha

text: River

text: The First Partition of Poland took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. Growth in the Russian Empire's power, threatening the Kingdom of Prussia and the Habsburg Austrian Empire, was the primary motive behind this first partition. Frederick the Great engineered the partition to prevent Austria, jealous of Russian successes against the Ottoman Empire, from going to war. The weakened Commonwealth's land, including what was already controlled by Russia, was apportioned among its more powerful neighborsAustria, Russia and Prussiaso as to restore the regional balance of power in Central Europe among those three countries. With Poland unable to effectively defend itself, and with foreign troops already inside the country, the Polish parliament (Sejm) ratified the partition in 1773 during the Partition Sejm convened by the three powers.

text: The

text: First

text: Partition

text: of

text: Poland

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: three

text: partitions

text: that

text: ended

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: Lithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: by

text: Growth

text: in

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: 's

text: power

text: threatening

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: primary

text: motive

text: behind

text: this

text: first

text: partition

text: Frederick

text: the

text: Great

text: engineered

text: the

text: partition

text: to

text: prevent

text: Austria

text: jealous

text: of

text: Russian

text: successes

text: against

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: from

text: going

text: to

text: war

text: The

text: weakened

text: Commonwealth

text: 's

text: land

text: including

text: what

text: was

text: already

text: controlled

text: by

text: Russia

text: was

text: apportioned

text: among

text: its

text: more

text: powerful

text: neighborsAustria

text: Russia

text: and

text: Prussiaso

text: as

text: to

text: restore

text: the

text: regional

text: balance

text: of

text: power

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: among

text: those

text: three

text: countries

text: With

text: Poland

text: unable

text: to

text: effectively

text: defend

text: itself

text: and

text: with

text: foreign

text: troops

text: already

text: inside

text: the

text: country

text: the

text: Polish

text: parliament

text: Sejm

text: ratified

text: the

text: partition

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: Partition

text: Sejm

text: convened

text: by

text: the

text: three

text: powers

text: Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory spans about and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak, a member of the Slavic language family.

text: Slovakia

text: officially

text: the

text: Slovak

text: Republic

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Hungary

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Slovakia

text: 's

text: territory

text: spans

text: about

text: and

text: is

text: mostly

text: mountainous

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: over

text: million

text: and

text: comprises

text: mostly

text: ethnic

text: Slovaks

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Bratislava

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: Slovak

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Slavic

text: language

text: family

text: Romania is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Moldova. It has an area of and a temperate-continental climate. With 19.94 million inhabitants, the country is the seventh-most-populous member state of the European Union. The capital and largest city, Bucharest, with its 1,883,425 inhabitants is the sixth-largest city in the EU.

text: Romania

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: Bulgaria

text: Ukraine

text: Hungary

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Moldova

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: temperate

text: continental

text: climate

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Bucharest

text: with

text: its

text: inhabitants

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: EU

text: Aleksander Zarzycki ( 26 February 1834 in Lviv ( Lemberg ) , Austria - Hungary ( now Ukraine ) -- 1 November 1895 in Warsaw ) was a Polish pianist , composer and conductor . Author of piano and violin compositions , mazurkas , polonaises , krakowiaks , and songs . In 1871 he co-founded and became a first director of the Warsaw Music Society ( Warszawskie Towarzystwo Muzyczne ) . In the years of 1879 -- 1888 director of the Warsaw Music Institute ( Insytut Muzyczny w Warszawie ) .

text: Aleksander

text: Zarzycki

text: February

text: in

text: Lviv

text: Lemberg

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: now

text: Ukraine

text: November

text: in

text: Warsaw

text: was

text: Polish

text: pianist

text: composer

text: and

text: conductor

text: Author

text: of

text: piano

text: and

text: violin

text: compositions

text: mazurkas

text: polonaises

text: krakowiaks

text: and

text: songs

text: In

text: he

text: co

text: founded

text: and

text: became

text: first

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Music

text: Society

text: Warszawskie

text: Towarzystwo

text: Muzyczne

text: In

text: the

text: years

text: of

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Music

text: Institute

text: Insytut

text: Muzyczny

text: Warszawie

text: Hungary is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe. It covers an area of , situated in the Carpathian Basin and bordered by Slovakia to the north, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, Slovenia to the west, Austria to the northwest, and Ukraine to the northeast. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world. Hungary's capital and largest metropolis is Budapest, a significant economic hub, classified as an Alpha- global city. Major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs and Gyr.

text: Hungary

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Carpathian

text: Basin

text: and

text: bordered

text: by

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Romania

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Serbia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Croatia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Slovenia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Hungary

text: is

text: medium

text: sized

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: Hungarian

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: Uralic

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Hungary

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Budapest

text: significant

text: economic

text: hub

text: classified

text: as

text: an

text: Alpha-

text: global

text: city

text: Major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Debrecen

text: Szeged

text: Miskolc

text: Pécs

text: and

text: Gyr

text: Casimir III the Great (30 April 1310  5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370. He was the son of King Wadysaw I ("the Elbow-high") and Duchess Hedwig of Kalisz, and the last Polish king from the Piast dynasty.

text: Casimir

text: III

text: the

text: Great

text: April

text: November

text: reigned

text: as

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Poland

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: King

text: Wadysaw

text: the

text: Elbow

text: high

text: and

text: Duchess

text: Hedwig

text: of

text: Kalisz

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: Polish

text: king

text: from

text: the

text: Piast

text: dynasty

text: The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, "alias" Composition of 1867, established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise re-established partially the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Hungary, separate from, and no longer subject to the Austrian Empire. Under the Compromise, the lands of the House of Habsburg were reorganized as a real union between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Cisleithanian (Austrian) and Transleithanian (Hungarian) regions of the state were governed by separate parliaments and prime ministers. Unity was maintained through rule of a single head of state, reigning as both the Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, and common monarchy-wide ministries of foreign affairs, defence and finance under his direct authority. The armed forces were combined with the Emperor-King as commander-in-chief.

text: The

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Compromise

text: of

text: alias

text: Composition

text: of

text: established

text: the

text: dual

text: monarchy

text: of

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: The

text: Compromise

text: re

text: established

text: partially

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hungary

text: separate

text: from

text: and

text: no

text: longer

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: Under

text: the

text: Compromise

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: were

text: reorganized

text: as

text: real

text: union

text: between

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hungary

text: The

text: Cisleithanian

text: Austrian

text: and

text: Transleithanian

text: Hungarian

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: were

text: governed

text: by

text: separate

text: parliaments

text: and

text: prime

text: ministers

text: Unity

text: was

text: maintained

text: through

text: rule

text: of

text: single

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: reigning

text: as

text: both

text: the

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: King

text: of

text: Hungary

text: and

text: common

text: monarchy

text: wide

text: ministries

text: of

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: defence

text: and

text: finance

text: under

text: his

text: direct

text: authority

text: The

text: armed

text: forces

text: were

text: combined

text: with

text: the

text: Emperor

text: King

text: as

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: The Ruthenian Voivodeship or Russian Voivodeship was a voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1434 until the 1772 First Partition of Poland. Together with a number of other voivodeships of southern and eastern part of the Kingdom of Poland, it formed Lesser Poland Province of the Polish Crown, with its capital city in Kraków. Following the Partitions of Poland, most of Ruthenian Voivodeship, except for its northeastern corner, was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, as part of the province of Galicia. Today, the former Ruthenian Voivodeship is divided among Poland and Ukraine.

text: The

text: Ruthenian

text: Voivodeship

text: or

text: Russian

text: Voivodeship

text: was

text: voivodeship

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Poland

text: from

text: until

text: the

text: First

text: Partition

text: of

text: Poland

text: Together

text: with

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: voivodeships

text: of

text: southern

text: and

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Poland

text: it

text: formed

text: Lesser

text: Poland

text: Province

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: Crown

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: in

text: Kraków

text: Following

text: the

text: Partitions

text: of

text: Poland

text: most

text: of

text: Ruthenian

text: Voivodeship

text: except

text: for

text: its

text: northeastern

text: corner

text: was

text: annexed

text: by

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Empire

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Galicia

text: Today

text: the

text: former

text: Ruthenian

text: Voivodeship

text: is

text: divided

text: among

text: Poland

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: The Second Polish Republic, also known as the Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (19181939). Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland, the Polish state was recreated in 1918, in the aftermath of World War I. When, after several regional conflicts, the borders of the state were fixed in 1922, Poland's neighbours were Czechoslovakia, Germany, the Free City of Danzig, Lithuania, Latvia, Romania and the Soviet Union. It had access to the Baltic Sea via a short strip of coastline either side of the city of Gdynia. Between March and August 1939, Poland also shared a border with the then-Hungarian governorate of Subcarpathia. Despite internal and external pressures, it continued to exist until 1939, when Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union and the Slovak Republic, marking the beginning of World War II in Europe. The Second Republic was significantly different in territory to the current Polish state. It included substantially more territory in the east and less in the west.

text: The

text: Second

text: Polish

text: Republic

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Poland

text: or

text: interwar

text: Poland

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: Poland

text: between

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: World

text: Wars

text: Officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: or

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Poland

text: the

text: Polish

text: state

text: was

text: recreated

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: When

text: after

text: several

text: regional

text: conflicts

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: were

text: fixed

text: in

text: Poland

text: 's

text: neighbours

text: were

text: Czechoslovakia

text: Germany

text: the

text: Free

text: City

text: of

text: Danzig

text: Lithuania

text: Latvia

text: Romania

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: It

text: had

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: via

text: short

text: strip

text: of

text: coastline

text: either

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Gdynia

text: Between

text: March

text: and

text: August

text: Poland

text: also

text: shared

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: then

text: Hungarian

text: governorate

text: of

text: Subcarpathia

text: Despite

text: internal

text: and

text: external

text: pressures

text: it

text: continued

text: to

text: exist

text: until

text: when

text: Poland

text: was

text: invaded

text: by

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: Slovak

text: Republic

text: marking

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: Second

text: Republic

text: was

text: significantly

text: different

text: in

text: territory

text: to

text: the

text: current

text: Polish

text: state

text: It

text: included

text: substantially

text: more

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: less

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Lwów Voivodeship was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (19181939). Because of the MolotovRibbentrop Pact, it ceased to exist in September 1939, following the German and Soviet conquest of Poland. The Polish underground administration however, existed until August 1944.

text: Lwów

text: Voivodeship

text: was

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: interwar

text: Poland

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: MolotovRibbentrop

text: Pact

text: it

text: ceased

text: to

text: exist

text: in

text: September

text: following

text: the

text: German

text: and

text: Soviet

text: conquest

text: of

text: Poland

text: The

text: Polish

text: underground

text: administration

text: however

text: existed

text: until

text: August

text: The West Ukrainian People's Republic was a short-lived republic that existed in late 1918 and early 1919 in eastern Galicia. It included the cities of Lviv, Przemyl, Kolomyia and Stanislaviv (now Ivano-Frankivsk) and claimed parts of Bukovina and Carpathian Ruthenia. Politically, the Ukrainian National Democratic Party (the precursor of the interwar Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance) dominated the lrgislative assembly, guided by varying degrees of Greek Catholic, liberal and socialist ideology. Other parties represented included the Ukrainian Radical Party and the Christian Social Party.

text: The

text: West

text: Ukrainian

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: was

text: short

text: lived

text: republic

text: that

text: existed

text: in

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: in

text: eastern

text: Galicia

text: It

text: included

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Lviv

text: Przemyl

text: Kolomyia

text: and

text: Stanislaviv

text: now

text: Ivano

text: Frankivsk

text: and

text: claimed

text: parts

text: of

text: Bukovina

text: and

text: Carpathian

text: Ruthenia

text: Politically

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: National

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: the

text: precursor

text: of

text: the

text: interwar

text: Ukrainian

text: National

text: Democratic

text: Alliance

text: dominated

text: the

text: lrgislative

text: assembly

text: guided

text: by

text: varying

text: degrees

text: of

text: Greek

text: Catholic

text: liberal

text: and

text: socialist

text: ideology

text: Other

text: parties

text: represented

text: included

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Radical

text: Party

text: and

text: the

text: Christian

text: Social

text: Party

text: The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also known as Galicia or Austrian Poland, became a crownland of the Habsburg Monarchy as a result of the First Partition of Poland in 1772, when it became a Kingdom under Habsburg rule. From 1804 to 1918 it was a crownland of the Austrian Empire. After the reforms of 1867, it became an ethnic Pole-administered autonomous unit under the Austrian crown. The country was carved from the entire south-western part of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth. Among the many ceremonial titles of the princes of Hungary was "ruler of Galicia and Lodomeria".

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Galicia

text: and

text: Lodomeria

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Galicia

text: or

text: Austrian

text: Poland

text: became

text: crownland

text: of

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Monarchy

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Partition

text: of

text: Poland

text: in

text: when

text: it

text: became

text: Kingdom

text: under

text: Habsburg

text: rule

text: From

text: to

text: it

text: was

text: crownland

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: After

text: the

text: reforms

text: of

text: it

text: became

text: an

text: ethnic

text: Pole

text: administered

text: autonomous

text: unit

text: under

text: the

text: Austrian

text: crown

text: The

text: country

text: was

text: carved

text: from

text: the

text: entire

text: south

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: Among

text: the

text: many

text: ceremonial

text: titles

text: of

text: the

text: princes

text: of

text: Hungary

text: was

text: ruler

text: of

text: Galicia

text: and

text: Lodomeria

text: A pianist is an individual musician who plays the piano. Most forms of Western music can make use of the piano. Consequently, pianists have a wide variety of repertoire and styles to choose from, including traditionally classical music, Jazz, blues and all sorts of popular music, including rock music. Most pianists can, to a certain extent, play other keyboard-related instruments such as the synthesizer, harpsichord, celesta and the organ and keyboard. Perhaps the greatest pianist of all time was Franz Liszt, whose piano mastery was described by Anton Rubinstein: "In comparison with Liszt, all other pianists are children".

text: pianist

text: is

text: an

text: individual

text: musician

text: who

text: plays

text: the

text: piano

text: Most

text: forms

text: of

text: Western

text: music

text: can

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: piano

text: Consequently

text: pianists

text: have

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: repertoire

text: and

text: styles

text: to

text: choose

text: from

text: including

text: traditionally

text: classical

text: music

text: Jazz

text: blues

text: and

text: all

text: sorts

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: including

text: rock

text: music

text: Most

text: pianists

text: can

text: to

text: certain

text: extent

text: play

text: other

text: keyboard

text: related

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: synthesizer

text: harpsichord

text: celesta

text: and

text: the

text: organ

text: and

text: keyboard

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: greatest

text: pianist

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: was

text: Franz

text: Liszt

text: whose

text: piano

text: mastery

text: was

text: described

text: by

text: Anton

text: Rubinstein

text: In

text: comparison

text: with

text: Liszt

text: all

text: other

text: pianists

text: are

text: children

text: Daniel of Galicia (1201  1264; : "Danylo Romanovych (Halytskyi)"; : "Daniil Romanovich (Galitsky)") was a King of Rus', Prince (Knyaz) of Galicia ("Halych") (12051255), Peremyshl (1211), and Volodymyr (12121231). He was crowned by a papal archbishop in Dorohochyn 1253 as the first King of Rus' (12531264).

text: Daniel

text: of

text: Galicia

text: Danylo

text: Romanovych

text: Halytskyi

text: Daniil

text: Romanovich

text: Galitsky

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: Rus

text: Prince

text: Knyaz

text: of

text: Galicia

text: Halych

text: Peremyshl

text: and

text: Volodymyr

text: He

text: was

text: crowned

text: by

text: papal

text: archbishop

text: in

text: Dorohochyn

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: King

text: of

text: Rus

text: Warsaw (; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland. It stands on the Vistula River in east-central Poland, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population is estimated at 1.750 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.105 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 9th most-populous capital city in the European Union. The city limits cover , while the metropolitan area covers .

text: Warsaw

text: see

text: also

text: other

text: names

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Poland

text: It

text: stands

text: on

text: the

text: Vistula

text: River

text: in

text: east

text: central

text: Poland

text: roughly

text: from

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: Its

text: population

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

text: million

text: residents

text: within

text: greater

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: million

text: residents

text: which

text: makes

text: Warsaw

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: capital

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: city

text: limits

text: cover

text: while

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: covers

text: Slavonia is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja, Požega-Slavonia, Virovitica-Podravina and Vukovar-Srijem, although the territory of the counties includes Baranya, and the definition of the western extent of Slavonia as a region varies. The counties cover or 22.2% of Croatia, inhabited by 806,19218.8% of Croatia's population. The largest city in the region is Osijek, followed by Slavonski Brod and Vinkovci. It is located in the Pannonian Basin, largely bordered by the Danube, Drava and Sava rivers. In the west, the region consists of the Sava and Drava valleys, and the mountains surrounding the Požega Valley, and plains in the east. Slavonia enjoys a moderate continental climate, with relatively low precipitation.

text: Slavonia

text: is

text: with

text: Dalmatia

text: Croatia

text: proper

text: and

text: Istria

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: historical

text: regions

text: of

text: Croatia

text: Taking

text: up

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: it

text: roughly

text: corresponds

text: with

text: five

text: Croatian

text: counties

text: Brod

text: Posavina

text: Osijek

text: Baranja

text: Požega

text: Slavonia

text: Virovitica

text: Podravina

text: and

text: Vukovar

text: Srijem

text: although

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: counties

text: includes

text: Baranya

text: and

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: extent

text: of

text: Slavonia

text: as

text: region

text: varies

text: The

text: counties

text: cover

text: or

text: of

text: Croatia

text: inhabited

text: by

text: of

text: Croatia

text: 's

text: population

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: Osijek

text: followed

text: by

text: Slavonski

text: Brod

text: and

text: Vinkovci

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Pannonian

text: Basin

text: largely

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Danube

text: Drava

text: and

text: Sava

text: rivers

text: In

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: region

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: Sava

text: and

text: Drava

text: valleys

text: and

text: the

text: mountains

text: surrounding

text: the

text: Požega

text: Valley

text: and

text: plains

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Slavonia

text: enjoys

text: moderate

text: continental

text: climate

text: with

text: relatively

text: low

text: precipitation

text: The Austrian Empire (modern spelling "") was an empire in Central Europe created out of the realms of the Habsburgs by proclamation in 1804. It was a multinational empire and one of Europe's great powers. Geographically it was the second largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire (621,538 square kilometres [239,977 sq mi]). It was also the third most populous after Russia and France, as well as the largest and strongest country in the German Confederation. Proclaimed in response to the First French Empire, it overlapped with the Holy Roman Empire until the latter's dissolution in 1806. The "Ausgleich" of 1867 elevated Hungary's status. It became a separate entity from the Empire entirely, joining with it in the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary.

text: The

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: modern

text: spelling

text: was

text: an

text: empire

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: created

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: realms

text: of

text: the

text: Habsburgs

text: by

text: proclamation

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: multinational

text: empire

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: Europe

text: 's

text: great

text: powers

text: Geographically

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: after

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: after

text: Russia

text: and

text: France

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: strongest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: Confederation

text: Proclaimed

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: First

text: French

text: Empire

text: it

text: overlapped

text: with

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: until

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: dissolution

text: in

text: The

text: Ausgleich

text: of

text: elevated

text: Hungary

text: 's

text: status

text: It

text: became

text: separate

text: entity

text: from

text: the

text: Empire

text: entirely

text: joining

text: with

text: it

text: in

text: the

text: dual

text: monarchy

text: of

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.

text: Poland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Sudetes

text: and

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: Poland

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Poland

text: is

text: unitary

text: state

text: divided

text: into

text: administrative

text: subdivisions

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Warsaw

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Kraków

text: Wrocaw

text: Pozna

text: Gdask

text: and

text: Szczecin

text: The official name "Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen" denominated the Hungarian territories of Austria-Hungary during the totality of the existence of the latter, from 30 March 1867 - 16 November 1918. This union of polities is sometimes denominated "" ("Arch-Kingdom of Hungary"), pursuant to Medieval Latin terminology. Pursuant to Article 1 of the CroatianHungarian Settlement of 1868, this territory was officially defined as "a state union of Kingdom of Hungary and Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia." The Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen disintegrated with the dissolution of Austria-Hungary.

text: The

text: official

text: name

text: Lands

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Saint

text: Stephen

text: denominated

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: territories

text: of

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: during

text: the

text: totality

text: of

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: from

text: March

text: November

text: This

text: union

text: of

text: polities

text: is

text: sometimes

text: denominated

text: Arch

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hungary

text: pursuant

text: to

text: Medieval

text: Latin

text: terminology

text: Pursuant

text: to

text: Article

text: of

text: the

text: CroatianHungarian

text: Settlement

text: of

text: this

text: territory

text: was

text: officially

text: defined

text: as

text: state

text: union

text: of

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hungary

text: and

text: Triune

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Croatia

text: Slavonia

text: and

text: Dalmatia

text: The

text: Lands

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Saint

text: Stephen

text: disintegrated

text: with

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: CroatianHungarian Settlement was a pact signed in 1868, that governed Croatia's political status in the Hungarian-ruled part of Austria-Hungary. It lasted until the end of World War I, when the Croatian Parliament, as the representative of the historical sovereignty of Croatia, on October 29, 1918 adopted a decision on the cessation of all state and legal ties with the old Austria-Hungary.

text: CroatianHungarian

text: Settlement

text: was

text: pact

text: signed

text: in

text: that

text: governed

text: Croatia

text: 's

text: political

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: ruled

text: part

text: of

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: It

text: lasted

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: when

text: the

text: Croatian

text: Parliament

text: as

text: the

text: representative

text: of

text: the

text: historical

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: Croatia

text: on

text: October

text: adopted

text: decision

text: on

text: the

text: cessation

text: of

text: all

text: state

text: and

text: legal

text: ties

text: with

text: the

text: old

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a sovereign state between Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean. Its capital city is Zagreb, which forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with its twenty counties. Croatia covers and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.28 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.

text: Croatia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Croatia

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: between

text: Central

text: Europe

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Zagreb

text: which

text: forms

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: primary

text: subdivisions

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: twenty

text: counties

text: Croatia

text: covers

text: and

text: has

text: diverse

text: mostly

text: continental

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climates

text: Croatia

text: 's

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: coast

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: thousand

text: islands

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: Croats

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: religious

text: denomination

text: being

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: The Principality of GaliciaVolhynia, or Kingdom of Rus (Old Ruthenian: , ), was a state in the regions of Galicia and Volhynia, of present-day Ukraine, that was formed after the conquest of Galicia by the Prince of Volhynia Roman the Great with the help of Leszek the White of Poland. Roman the Great united the principalities of Halych (Galicia) and Volhynia into a state that existed from 1199 to 1349. Along with Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, it was one of the three most important powers to emerge from the collapse of Kievan Rus'.

text: The

text: Principality

text: of

text: GaliciaVolhynia

text: or

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Rus

text: Old

text: Ruthenian

text: was

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: regions

text: of

text: Galicia

text: and

text: Volhynia

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Ukraine

text: that

text: was

text: formed

text: after

text: the

text: conquest

text: of

text: Galicia

text: by

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Volhynia

text: Roman

text: the

text: Great

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: Leszek

text: the

text: White

text: of

text: Poland

text: Roman

text: the

text: Great

text: united

text: the

text: principalities

text: of

text: Halych

text: Galicia

text: and

text: Volhynia

text: into

text: state

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: to

text: Along

text: with

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Vladimir

text: Suzdal

text: it

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: most

text: important

text: powers

text: to

text: emerge

text: from

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: Kievan

text: Rus

question: country_of_citizenship aleksander zarzycki

answer: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland

text: poland


text: A counterion (pronounced as two words, i.e. "counter" "ion", and sometimes written as two words) is the ion that accompanies an ionic species in order to maintain electric neutrality. In table salt (NaCl), the sodium cation is the counterion for the chlorine anion and vice versa.

text: counterion

text: pronounced

text: as

text: two

text: words

text: i.e.

text: counter

text: ion

text: and

text: sometimes

text: written

text: as

text: two

text: words

text: is

text: the

text: ion

text: that

text: accompanies

text: an

text: ionic

text: species

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: maintain

text: electric

text: neutrality

text: In

text: table

text: salt

text: NaCl

text: the

text: sodium

text: cation

text: is

text: the

text: counterion

text: for

text: the

text: chlorine

text: anion

text: and

text: vice

text: versa

text: Polymethines are compounds made up from an "odd" number of methine groups (CH) bound together by alternating single and double bonds. Compounds made up from an "even" number of methine groups are known as polyenes.

text: Polymethines

text: are

text: compounds

text: made

text: up

text: from

text: an

text: odd

text: number

text: of

text: methine

text: groups

text: CH

text: bound

text: together

text: by

text: alternating

text: single

text: and

text: double

text: bonds

text: Compounds

text: made

text: up

text: from

text: an

text: even

text: number

text: of

text: methine

text: groups

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: polyenes

text: Anthocyanins (also anthocyans; from Greek: " (anthos)" = flower + " (kyanos)" = blue) are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that may appear red, purple, or blue depending on the pH. They belong to a parent class of molecules called flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway; they are odorless but flavorful, contributing to taste as a moderately astringent sensation. Anthocyanins occur in all tissues of higher plants, including leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruits. Anthoxanthins are clear, white to yellow counterparts of anthocyanins occurring in plants. Anthocyanins are derived from anthocyanidins by adding sugars.

text: Anthocyanins

text: also

text: anthocyans

text: from

text: Greek

text: anthos

text: flower

text: kyanos

text: blue

text: are

text: water

text: soluble

text: vacuolar

text: pigments

text: that

text: may

text: appear

text: red

text: purple

text: or

text: blue

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: pH.

text: They

text: belong

text: to

text: parent

text: class

text: of

text: molecules

text: called

text: flavonoids

text: synthesized

text: via

text: the

text: phenylpropanoid

text: pathway

text: they

text: are

text: odorless

text: but

text: flavorful

text: contributing

text: to

text: taste

text: as

text: moderately

text: astringent

text: sensation

text: Anthocyanins

text: occur

text: in

text: all

text: tissues

text: of

text: higher

text: plants

text: including

text: leaves

text: stems

text: roots

text: flowers

text: and

text: fruits

text: Anthoxanthins

text: are

text: clear

text: white

text: to

text: yellow

text: counterparts

text: of

text: anthocyanins

text: occurring

text: in

text: plants

text: Anthocyanins

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: anthocyanidins

text: by

text: adding

text: sugars

text: Anthocyanidins are common plant pigments. They are the sugar-free counterparts of anthocyanins based on the flavylium ion or 2-phenylchromenylium, which is a type of oxonium ion (chromenylium is referred also to as benzopyrylium). They form a large group of polymethine dye. In particular anthocyanidins are salt derivatives of the 2-phenylchromenylium cation, also known as flavylium cation. As shown in the figure below, the phenyl group at the 2-position can carry different substituents. The counterion of the flavylium cation is mostly chloride. With this positive charge, the anthocyanidins differ from other flavonoids.

text: Anthocyanidins

text: are

text: common

text: plant

text: pigments

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: sugar

text: free

text: counterparts

text: of

text: anthocyanins

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: flavylium

text: ion

text: or

text: which

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: oxonium

text: ion

text: chromenylium

text: is

text: referred

text: also

text: to

text: as

text: benzopyrylium

text: They

text: form

text: large

text: group

text: of

text: polymethine

text: dye

text: In

text: particular

text: anthocyanidins

text: are

text: salt

text: derivatives

text: of

text: the

text: cation

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: flavylium

text: cation

text: As

text: shown

text: in

text: the

text: figure

text: below

text: the

text: phenyl

text: group

text: at

text: the

text: can

text: carry

text: different

text: substituents

text: The

text: counterion

text: of

text: the

text: flavylium

text: cation

text: is

text: mostly

text: chloride

text: With

text: this

text: positive

text: charge

text: the

text: anthocyanidins

text: differ

text: from

text: other

text: flavonoids

text: In organic chemistry and biochemistry, a substituent is an atom or group of atoms which replaces hydrogen atom on the parent chain of a hydrocarbon, becoming a moiety of the resultant new molecule. The terms substituent, side chain, group, branch, or pendant group are used almost interchangeably to describe branches from a parent structure, though certain distinctions are made in the context of polymer chemistry. In polymers, side chains extend from a backbone structure. In proteins, side chains are attached to the alpha carbon atoms of the amino acid backbone.

text: In

text: organic

text: chemistry

text: and

text: biochemistry

text: substituent

text: is

text: an

text: atom

text: or

text: group

text: of

text: atoms

text: which

text: replaces

text: hydrogen

text: atom

text: on

text: the

text: parent

text: chain

text: of

text: hydrocarbon

text: becoming

text: moiety

text: of

text: the

text: resultant

text: new

text: molecule

text: The

text: terms

text: substituent

text: side

text: chain

text: group

text: branch

text: or

text: pendant

text: group

text: are

text: used

text: almost

text: interchangeably

text: to

text: describe

text: branches

text: from

text: parent

text: structure

text: though

text: certain

text: distinctions

text: are

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: polymer

text: chemistry

text: In

text: polymers

text: side

text: chains

text: extend

text: from

text: backbone

text: structure

text: In

text: proteins

text: side

text: chains

text: are

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: alpha

text: carbon

text: atoms

text: of

text: the

text: amino

text: acid

text: backbone

text: In chemistry, an oxonium ion is any oxygen cation with three bonds. The simplest oxonium ion is the hydronium ion HO. Another class of oxonium ions frequently encountered in organic chemistry is the oxocarbenium ions, obtained by protonation or alkylation of a carbonyl group e.g. RC=OR which forms a resonance structure with the fully-fledged carbocation RCOR and is therefore especially stable:

text: In

text: chemistry

text: an

text: oxonium

text: ion

text: is

text: any

text: oxygen

text: cation

text: with

text: three

text: bonds

text: The

text: simplest

text: oxonium

text: ion

text: is

text: the

text: hydronium

text: ion

text: HO

text: Another

text: class

text: of

text: oxonium

text: ions

text: frequently

text: encountered

text: in

text: organic

text: chemistry

text: is

text: the

text: oxocarbenium

text: ions

text: obtained

text: by

text: protonation

text: or

text: alkylation

text: of

text: carbonyl

text: group

text: e.g.

text: RC

text: OR

text: which

text: forms

text: resonance

text: structure

text: with

text: the

text: fully

text: fledged

text: carbocation

text: RCOR

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: especially

text: stable

text: The chloride ion is the anion (negatively charged ion) Cl. It is formed when the element chlorine (a halogen) gains an electron or when a compound such as hydrogen chloride is dissolved in water or other polar solvents. Chloride salts such as sodium chloride are often very soluble in water. It is an essential electrolyte located in all body fluids responsible for maintaining acid/base balance, transmitting nerve impulses and regulating fluid in and out of cells. Less frequently, the word "chloride" may also form part of the "common" name of chemical compounds in which one or more chlorine atoms are covalently bonded. For example, methyl chloride, with the standard name chloromethane (see IUPAC books) is an organic compound with a covalent CCl bond in which the chlorine is not an anion.

text: The

text: chloride

text: ion

text: is

text: the

text: anion

text: negatively

text: charged

text: ion

text: Cl

text: It

text: is

text: formed

text: when

text: the

text: element

text: chlorine

text: halogen

text: gains

text: an

text: electron

text: or

text: when

text: compound

text: such

text: as

text: hydrogen

text: chloride

text: is

text: dissolved

text: in

text: water

text: or

text: other

text: polar

text: solvents

text: Chloride

text: salts

text: such

text: as

text: sodium

text: chloride

text: are

text: often

text: very

text: soluble

text: in

text: water

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: essential

text: electrolyte

text: located

text: in

text: all

text: body

text: fluids

text: responsible

text: for

text: maintaining

text: acid

text: base

text: balance

text: transmitting

text: nerve

text: impulses

text: and

text: regulating

text: fluid

text: in

text: and

text: out

text: of

text: cells

text: Less

text: frequently

text: the

text: word

text: chloride

text: may

text: also

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: name

text: of

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: in

text: which

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: chlorine

text: atoms

text: are

text: covalently

text: bonded

text: For

text: example

text: methyl

text: chloride

text: with

text: the

text: standard

text: name

text: chloromethane

text: see

text: IUPAC

text: books

text: is

text: an

text: organic

text: compound

text: with

text: covalent

text: CCl

text: bond

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: chlorine

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: anion

text: Guibourtinidin is a anthocyanidin .

text: Guibourtinidin

text: is

text: anthocyanidin

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: instance_of guibourtinidin

answer: cation

text: cation

text: cation

text: cation

text: cation

text: cation