text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: The Bayan Har Mountains, formerly known as the Bayen-káras, are a mountain range in Tibet, China. It can be viewed as one of the branches of the Kunlun Mountains. It separates the drainage areas of the Yellow River and the Yangtze rivers. The source of the Yellow River is in the basin of Yueguzonglie, which is located in the northern part of the range.

text: The

text: Bayan

text: Har

text: Mountains

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Bayen

text: káras

text: are

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: Tibet

text: China

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: Kunlun

text: Mountains

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: drainage

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Yellow

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: rivers

text: The

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: Yellow

text: River

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: basin

text: of

text: Yueguzonglie

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.

text: Asia

text: is

text: Earth

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: hemispheres

text: and

text: sharing

text: the

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: continent

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: civilizations

text: Asia

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: its

text: overall

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: also

text: dense

text: and

text: large

text: settlements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: vast

text: barely

text: populated

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: billion

text: people

text: A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, "the sea" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic watersconsidered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the seaoceanographydates broadly to the British "Challenger" expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sectionsincluding the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as "seas".

text: sea

text: is

text: large

text: body

text: of

text: salt

text: water

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: in

text: whole

text: or

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: land

text: More

text: broadly

text: the

text: sea

text: is

text: the

text: interconnected

text: system

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: salty

text: oceanic

text: watersconsidered

text: as

text: one

text: global

text: ocean

text: or

text: as

text: several

text: principal

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: The

text: sea

text: moderates

text: Earth

text: 's

text: climate

text: and

text: has

text: important

text: roles

text: in

text: the

text: water

text: cycle

text: carbon

text: cycle

text: and

text: nitrogen

text: cycle

text: Although

text: the

text: sea

text: has

text: been

text: traveled

text: and

text: explored

text: since

text: prehistory

text: the

text: modern

text: scientific

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: seaoceanographydates

text: broadly

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Challenger

text: expedition

text: of

text: the

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: conventionally

text: divided

text: into

text: up

text: to

text: five

text: large

text: oceanic

text: sectionsincluding

text: the

text: International

text: Hydrographic

text: Organization

text: 's

text: four

text: named

text: oceans

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: Indian

text: and

text: Arctic

text: and

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: smaller

text: second

text: order

text: sections

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: seas

text: Tianjin, formerly romanized as Tientsin, is a metropolis in northern coastal Mainland China, administered by the People's Republic of China and one of the five national central cities of China, with a total municipal population of 15,469,500. It is governed as one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the PRC and is thus under direct administration of the central government. Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. Part of the Bohai Economic Rim, it is the largest coastal city in northern China.

text: Tianjin

text: formerly

text: romanized

text: as

text: Tientsin

text: is

text: metropolis

text: in

text: northern

text: coastal

text: Mainland

text: China

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: national

text: central

text: cities

text: of

text: China

text: with

text: total

text: municipal

text: population

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: governed

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: of

text: the

text: PRC

text: and

text: is

text: thus

text: under

text: direct

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: Tianjin

text: borders

text: Hebei

text: Province

text: and

text: Beijing

text: Municipality

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Bohai

text: Gulf

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: Part

text: of

text: the

text: Bohai

text: Economic

text: Rim

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: coastal

text: city

text: in

text: northern

text: China

text: Eurasia is the combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia. The term is a portmanteau of its constituent continents. Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and by Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean to the south. The division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical and cultural construct, with no clear physical separation between them; thus, in some parts of the world, Eurasia is recognized as the largest of five or six continents. In geology, Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock. However, the rigidity of Eurasia is debated based on the paleomagnet data.

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: the

text: combined

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: continents

text: Located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Hemispheres

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: by

text: Africa

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: division

text: between

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: as

text: two

text: different

text: continents

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: construct

text: with

text: no

text: clear

text: physical

text: separation

text: between

text: them

text: thus

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: five

text: or

text: six

text: continents

text: In

text: geology

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: as

text: single

text: rigid

text: megablock

text: However

text: the

text: rigidity

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: debated

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: paleomagnet

text: data

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: An ocean (the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans. The word "sea" is often used interchangeably with "ocean" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.

text: An

text: ocean

text: the

text: sea

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: saline

text: water

text: that

text: composes

text: much

text: of

text: planet

text: 's

text: hydrosphere

text: On

text: Earth

text: an

text: ocean

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: conventional

text: divisions

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Ocean

text: which

text: covers

text: almost

text: of

text: its

text: surface

text: These

text: are

text: in

text: descending

text: order

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Atlantic

text: Indian

text: Southern

text: Antarctic

text: and

text: Arctic

text: Oceans

text: The

text: word

text: sea

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: with

text: ocean

text: in

text: American

text: English

text: but

text: strictly

text: speaking

text: sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: saline

text: water

text: generally

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ocean

text: partly

text: or

text: fully

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: Dongying, a prefecture-level city, lies on the northern (Bohai Sea) coast of Shandong province, People's Republic of China. At the 2010 census, 2,035,338 people resided within its administrative area of and 998,968 in the built-up area made up of Dongying district and Kenli County largely being urbanized. Dongying is home to the Shengli Oilfield which after the Daqing oilfield is the second largest oilfield in China.

text: Dongying

text: prefecture

text: level

text: city

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: Bohai

text: Sea

text: coast

text: of

text: Shandong

text: province

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: people

text: resided

text: within

text: its

text: administrative

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: Dongying

text: district

text: and

text: Kenli

text: County

text: largely

text: being

text: urbanized

text: Dongying

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Shengli

text: Oilfield

text: which

text: after

text: the

text: Daqing

text: oilfield

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: oilfield

text: in

text: China

text: The Yellow River or Huáng Hé is the third - longest river in Asia , following the Yangtze River and Yenisei River , and the sixth - longest in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 km ( 3,395 mi ) . Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai province of western China , it flows through nine provinces , and it empties into the Bohai Sea near the city of Dongying in Shandong province . The Yellow River basin has an east -- west extent of about 1,900 kilometers ( 1,180 mi ) and a north -- south extent of about 1,100 km ( 680 mi ) . Its total basin area is about 742,443 square kilometers ( 286,659 sq mi ) . The Yellow River is called `` the cradle of Chinese civilization '' , because its basin was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization , and it was the most prosperous region in early Chinese history . However , because of frequent devastating floods and course changes produced by the continual elevation of the river bed ( due in part to manmade erosion upstream ) , sometimes above the level of its surrounding farm fields , it also has the names China 's Sorrow and Scourge of the Sons of Han .

text: The

text: Yellow

text: River

text: or

text: Huáng

text: Hé

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: Asia

text: following

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: and

text: Yenisei

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: longest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: at

text: the

text: estimated

text: length

text: of

text: km

text: mi

text: Originating

text: in

text: the

text: Bayan

text: Har

text: Mountains

text: in

text: Qinghai

text: province

text: of

text: western

text: China

text: it

text: flows

text: through

text: nine

text: provinces

text: and

text: it

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: Bohai

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Dongying

text: in

text: Shandong

text: province

text: The

text: Yellow

text: River

text: basin

text: has

text: an

text: east

text: west

text: extent

text: of

text: about

text: kilometers

text: mi

text: and

text: north

text: south

text: extent

text: of

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: Its

text: total

text: basin

text: area

text: is

text: about

text: square

text: kilometers

text: sq

text: mi

text: The

text: Yellow

text: River

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: cradle

text: of

text: Chinese

text: civilization

text: because

text: its

text: basin

text: was

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: ancient

text: Chinese

text: civilization

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: prosperous

text: region

text: in

text: early

text: Chinese

text: history

text: However

text: because

text: of

text: frequent

text: devastating

text: floods

text: and

text: course

text: changes

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: continual

text: elevation

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: bed

text: due

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: manmade

text: erosion

text: upstream

text: sometimes

text: above

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: its

text: surrounding

text: farm

text: fields

text: it

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: names

text: China

text: 's

text: Sorrow

text: and

text: Scourge

text: of

text: the

text: Sons

text: of

text: Han

text: Macau (literally: "Bay Gate"), (in Portuguese, which is still widely used in the city) also spelled Macao (in English), officially the Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River Delta in East Asia. Macau is bordered by the city of Zhuhai in China to the North and the Pearl River Estuary to the East and South. Hong Kong lies about to its East across the Delta. With a population of 650,900 living in an area of , it is the most densely populated region in the world.

text: Macau

text: literally

text: Bay

text: Gate

text: in

text: Portuguese

text: which

text: is

text: still

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: also

text: spelled

text: Macao

text: in

text: English

text: officially

text: the

text: Região

text: Administrativa

text: Especial

text: de

text: Macau

text: da

text: República

text: Popular

text: da

text: China

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: territory

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: Delta

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: Macau

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Zhuhai

text: in

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: and

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: Estuary

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: South

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: lies

text: about

text: to

text: its

text: East

text: across

text: the

text: Delta

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: living

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Guangzhou , traditionally romanised as Canton, is the capital and largest city of the Province of Guangdong in southeastern China. Located on the Pearl River about north-northwest of Hong Kong and north of Macau, Guangzhou was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road and continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub.

text: Guangzhou

text: traditionally

text: romanised

text: as

text: Canton

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Province

text: of

text: Guangdong

text: in

text: southeastern

text: China

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: about

text: north

text: northwest

text: of

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Macau

text: Guangzhou

text: was

text: major

text: terminus

text: of

text: the

text: maritime

text: Silk

text: Road

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: major

text: port

text: and

text: transportation

text: hub

text: The Korea(n) Bay, sometimes the West Korea(n) Bay ("or" ), is a northern extension of the Yellow Sea, between Liaoning Province of China and North P'yngan Province of North Korea.

text: The

text: Korea(n

text: Bay

text: sometimes

text: the

text: West

text: Korea(n

text: Bay

text: or

text: is

text: northern

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: between

text: Liaoning

text: Province

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: North

text: P'yngan

text: Province

text: of

text: North

text: Korea

text: The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. It is located between mainland China and the Korean Peninsula. Its name comes from the sand particles from Gobi Desert sand storms that turn the surface of the water golden yellow.

text: The

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: which

text: is

text: marginal

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: between

text: mainland

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: sand

text: particles

text: from

text: Gobi

text: Desert

text: sand

text: storms

text: that

text: turn

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: golden

text: yellow

text: The Yangtze River (or ), known in China as the Cháng Jing (literally: "Long River") or the Yángz Jing, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world. The river is the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It drains one-fifth of the land area of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its river basin is home to one-third of the country's population. The Yangtze is the sixth-largest river by discharge volume in the world.

text: The

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: or

text: known

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: the

text: Cháng

text: Jing

text: literally

text: Long

text: River

text: or

text: the

text: Yángz

text: Jing

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: longest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: river

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: flow

text: entirely

text: within

text: one

text: country

text: It

text: drains

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: and

text: its

text: river

text: basin

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: The

text: Yangtze

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: river

text: by

text: discharge

text: volume

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Jurisdiction (from the Latin "ius, " meaning "law" and "" meaning "to speak") is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility, e.g., Michigan tax law. In the federations like USA, areas of jurisdiction apply to local, state, and federal levels; e.g. the court has jurisdiction to apply federal law.

text: Jurisdiction

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: ius

text: meaning

text: law

text: and

text: meaning

text: to

text: speak

text: is

text: the

text: practical

text: authority

text: granted

text: to

text: legal

text: body

text: to

text: administer

text: justice

text: within

text: defined

text: area

text: of

text: responsibility

text: e.g.

text: Michigan

text: tax

text: law

text: In

text: the

text: federations

text: like

text: USA

text: areas

text: of

text: jurisdiction

text: apply

text: to

text: local

text: state

text: and

text: federal

text: levels

text: e.g.

text: the

text: court

text: has

text: jurisdiction

text: to

text: apply

text: federal

text: law

text: Northern China or North China (literally "China's north") is a geographical region of China. The heartland of North China is the North China Plain, or the Yellow River Plain. North China is usually restricted to the northern part of China proper (inner China and excludes Xinjiang and often Manchuria and the Northeast China.

text: Northern

text: China

text: or

text: North

text: China

text: literally

text: China

text: 's

text: north

text: is

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: China

text: The

text: heartland

text: of

text: North

text: China

text: is

text: the

text: North

text: China

text: Plain

text: or

text: the

text: Yellow

text: River

text: Plain

text: North

text: China

text: is

text: usually

text: restricted

text: to

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: China

text: proper

text: inner

text: China

text: and

text: excludes

text: Xinjiang

text: and

text: often

text: Manchuria

text: and

text: the

text: Northeast

text: China

text: The Kunlun Mountains are one of the longest mountain chains in Asia, extending more than . In the broadest sense, it forms the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau south of the Tarim Basin and the Gansu Corridor and continues east south of the Wei River to end at the North China Plain.

text: The

text: Kunlun

text: Mountains

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: mountain

text: chains

text: in

text: Asia

text: extending

text: more

text: than

text: In

text: the

text: broadest

text: sense

text: it

text: forms

text: the

text: northern

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Tarim

text: Basin

text: and

text: the

text: Gansu

text: Corridor

text: and

text: continues

text: east

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Wei

text: River

text: to

text: end

text: at

text: the

text: North

text: China

text: Plain

text: The Bohai Sea or Bo Sea, also known as Bohai Gulf or Bo Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea and Korea Bay on the coast of Northeastern and North China. It is approximately 78,000 km (30,116 sq. mi) in area and its proximity to Beijing, the capital of China (PRC), makes it one of the busiest seaways in the world.

text: The

text: Bohai

text: Sea

text: or

text: Bo

text: Sea

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Bohai

text: Gulf

text: or

text: Bo

text: Gulf

text: is

text: the

text: innermost

text: gulf

text: of

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: and

text: Korea

text: Bay

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Northeastern

text: and

text: North

text: China

text: It

text: is

text: approximately

text: km

text: sq

text: mi

text: in

text: area

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: Beijing

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: makes

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: busiest

text: seaways

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total land area of and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities, it ranks as the world's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory.

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: officially

text: the

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Special

text: Administrative

text: Region

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: territory

text: on

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: Delta

text: of

text: East

text: Asia

text: Macau

text: lies

text: across

text: the

text: delta

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Chinese

text: province

text: of

text: Guangdong

text: borders

text: the

text: territory

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: With

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: of

text: various

text: nationalities

text: it

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: sovereign

text: state

text: or

text: territory

text: A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague.

text: river

text: is

text: natural

text: flowing

text: watercourse

text: usually

text: freshwater

text: flowing

text: towards

text: an

text: ocean

text: sea

text: lake

text: or

text: another

text: river

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: river

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: becomes

text: dry

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: its

text: course

text: without

text: reaching

text: another

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Small

text: rivers

text: can

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: using

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: stream

text: creek

text: brook

text: rivulet

text: and

text: rill

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: definitions

text: for

text: the

text: generic

text: term

text: river

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: geographic

text: features

text: although

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: or

text: communities

text: stream

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: size

text: Many

text: names

text: for

text: small

text: rivers

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: geographic

text: location

text: examples

text: are

text: run

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: burn

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: northeast

text: England

text: and

text: beck

text: in

text: northern

text: England

text: Sometimes

text: river

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: larger

text: than

text: creek

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: vague

text: Shanghai (": Zånhae" ), often abbreviated as Hu or Shen, is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China. It is the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million . It is a global financial centre and transport hub, with the world's busiest container port. Located in the Yangtze River Delta in East China, Shanghai sits on the south edge of the mouth of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north, south and west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.

text: Shanghai

text: Zånhae

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: Hu

text: or

text: Shen

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: It

text: is

text: global

text: financial

text: centre

text: and

text: transport

text: hub

text: with

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: container

text: port

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: Delta

text: in

text: East

text: China

text: Shanghai

text: sits

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: coast

text: The

text: municipality

text: borders

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Jiangsu

text: and

text: Zhejiang

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: is

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

annotations: likely multiple

question: mouth_of_the_watercourse yellow river

answer: yellow sea

text: yellow sea

text: yellow sea

text: yellow sea

text: yellow sea


text: Stolidobranchia is an order of tunicates in the class Ascidiacea. The group includes both colonial and solitary animals. They are distinguished from other tunicates by the presence of folded pharyngeal baskets. This provides the etymology of their name: in ancient greek, means the "fold" of a cloth. Stolidobranchian sea squirts are also characterized by the complete absence of an abdomen. The abdominal organs of other tunicates are instead located to one side of the pharyngeal basket in this group.

text: Stolidobranchia

text: is

text: an

text: order

text: of

text: tunicates

text: in

text: the

text: class

text: Ascidiacea

text: The

text: group

text: includes

text: both

text: colonial

text: and

text: solitary

text: animals

text: They

text: are

text: distinguished

text: from

text: other

text: tunicates

text: by

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: folded

text: pharyngeal

text: baskets

text: This

text: provides

text: the

text: etymology

text: of

text: their

text: name

text: in

text: ancient

text: greek

text: means

text: the

text: fold

text: of

text: cloth

text: Stolidobranchian

text: sea

text: squirts

text: are

text: also

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: complete

text: absence

text: of

text: an

text: abdomen

text: The

text: abdominal

text: organs

text: of

text: other

text: tunicates

text: are

text: instead

text: located

text: to

text: one

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: pharyngeal

text: basket

text: in

text: this

text: group

text: A chordate is any animal belonging to the phylum Chordata, possessing a notochord, a hollow dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail for at least some period of its life cycle. The Chordata, together with sister clade Ambulacraria, form the deuterostomes as in the embryo development stage the anus forms before the mouth.

text: chordate

text: is

text: any

text: animal

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: phylum

text: Chordata

text: possessing

text: notochord

text: hollow

text: dorsal

text: nerve

text: cord

text: pharyngeal

text: slits

text: an

text: endostyle

text: and

text: post

text: anal

text: tail

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: some

text: period

text: of

text: its

text: life

text: cycle

text: The

text: Chordata

text: together

text: with

text: sister

text: clade

text: Ambulacraria

text: form

text: the

text: deuterostomes

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: embryo

text: development

text: stage

text: the

text: anus

text: forms

text: before

text: the

text: mouth

text: Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 64,000 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) and the bony fish.

text: Vertebrates

text: comprise

text: all

text: species

text: of

text: animals

text: within

text: the

text: subphylum

text: Vertebrata

text: chordates

text: with

text: backbones

text: Vertebrates

text: represent

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: phylum

text: Chordata

text: with

text: currently

text: about

text: species

text: described

text: Vertebrates

text: include

text: the

text: jawless

text: fish

text: and

text: the

text: jawed

text: vertebrates

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: cartilaginous

text: fish

text: sharks

text: and

text: rays

text: and

text: the

text: bony

text: fish

text: In animal anatomy, the notochord is a flexible rod made out of a material similar to cartilage. If a species has a notochord, it is, by definition, a chordate. The notochord lies along the anteroposterior ("head to tail") axis, is usually closer to the dorsal than the ventral surface of the animal, and is composed of cells derived from the mesoderm. The notochord has been observed to have many functions including developmental functions. The most commonly cited functions are as a site of muscle attachment, vertebral precursor, and as a midline tissue that provides signals to the surrounding tissue during development.

text: In

text: animal

text: anatomy

text: the

text: notochord

text: is

text: flexible

text: rod

text: made

text: out

text: of

text: material

text: similar

text: to

text: cartilage

text: If

text: species

text: has

text: notochord

text: it

text: is

text: by

text: definition

text: chordate

text: The

text: notochord

text: lies

text: along

text: the

text: anteroposterior

text: head

text: to

text: tail

text: axis

text: is

text: usually

text: closer

text: to

text: the

text: dorsal

text: than

text: the

text: ventral

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: animal

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: cells

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: mesoderm

text: The

text: notochord

text: has

text: been

text: observed

text: to

text: have

text: many

text: functions

text: including

text: developmental

text: functions

text: The

text: most

text: commonly

text: cited

text: functions

text: are

text: as

text: site

text: of

text: muscle

text: attachment

text: vertebral

text: precursor

text: and

text: as

text: midline

text: tissue

text: that

text: provides

text: signals

text: to

text: the

text: surrounding

text: tissue

text: during

text: development

text: A zooid or zoöid is a single animal that is part of a colonial animal. Zooids are multicellular; their structure is similar to that of other solitary animals. The zooids can either be directly connected by tissue (e.g. corals, Catenulida, Siphonophorae, Pyrosome or Ectoprocta) or share a common exoskeleton (e.g. Bryozoa or Pterobranchia). The colonial organism as a whole is called a "zoon" , plural "zoa" (from Greek "zòon"  meaning animal; plural "zòa", ).

text: zooid

text: or

text: zoöid

text: is

text: single

text: animal

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: colonial

text: animal

text: Zooids

text: are

text: multicellular

text: their

text: structure

text: is

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: other

text: solitary

text: animals

text: The

text: zooids

text: can

text: either

text: be

text: directly

text: connected

text: by

text: tissue

text: e.g.

text: corals

text: Catenulida

text: Siphonophorae

text: Pyrosome

text: or

text: Ectoprocta

text: or

text: share

text: common

text: exoskeleton

text: e.g.

text: Bryozoa

text: or

text: Pterobranchia

text: The

text: colonial

text: organism

text: as

text: whole

text: is

text: called

text: zoon

text: plural

text: zoa

text: from

text: Greek

text: zòon

text: meaning

text: animal

text: plural

text: zòa

text: A salp (plural salps) or salpa (plural salpae or salpas) is a barrel-shaped, planktonic tunicate. It moves by contracting, thus pumping water through its gelatinous body. Salp jet propulsion is one of the most efficient in the animal kingdom. The salp strains the pumped water through its internal feeding filters, feeding on phytoplankton.

text: salp

text: plural

text: salps

text: or

text: salpa

text: plural

text: salpae

text: or

text: salpas

text: is

text: barrel

text: shaped

text: planktonic

text: tunicate

text: It

text: moves

text: by

text: contracting

text: thus

text: pumping

text: water

text: through

text: its

text: gelatinous

text: body

text: Salp

text: jet

text: propulsion

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: efficient

text: in

text: the

text: animal

text: kingdom

text: The

text: salp

text: strains

text: the

text: pumped

text: water

text: through

text: its

text: internal

text: feeding

text: filters

text: feeding

text: on

text: phytoplankton

text: Ascidiacea (commonly known as the ascidians or sea squirts) is a paraphyletic class in the subphylum Tunicata of sac-like marine invertebrate filter feeders. Ascidians are characterized by a tough outer "tunic" made of the polysaccharide cellulose.

text: Ascidiacea

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: ascidians

text: or

text: sea

text: squirts

text: is

text: paraphyletic

text: class

text: in

text: the

text: subphylum

text: Tunicata

text: of

text: sac

text: like

text: marine

text: invertebrate

text: filter

text: feeders

text: Ascidians

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: tough

text: outer

text: tunic

text: made

text: of

text: the

text: polysaccharide

text: cellulose

text: Invertebrates are animals that neither possess nor develop a vertebral column (commonly known as a "backbone" or "spine"), derived from the notochord. This includes all animals apart from the subphylum Vertebrata. Familiar examples of invertebrates include insects; crabs, lobsters and their kin; snails, clams, octopuses and their kin; starfish, sea-urchins and their kin; and worms.

text: Invertebrates

text: are

text: animals

text: that

text: neither

text: possess

text: nor

text: develop

text: vertebral

text: column

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: backbone

text: or

text: spine

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: notochord

text: This

text: includes

text: all

text: animals

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: subphylum

text: Vertebrata

text: Familiar

text: examples

text: of

text: invertebrates

text: include

text: insects

text: crabs

text: lobsters

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: snails

text: clams

text: octopuses

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: starfish

text: sea

text: urchins

text: and

text: their

text: kin

text: and

text: worms

text: A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata, which is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords. The subphylum was at one time called Urochordata, and the term urochordates is still sometimes used for these animals. Some tunicates live as solitary individuals, but others replicate by budding and become colonies, each unit being known as a zooid. They are marine filter feeders with a water-filled, sac-like body structure and two tubular openings, known as siphons, through which they draw in and expel water. During their respiration and feeding, they take in water through the incurrent (or inhalant) siphon and expel the filtered water through the excurrent (or exhalant) siphon. Most adult tunicates are sessile, and are permanently attached to rocks or other hard surfaces on the ocean floor; others, such as salps, doliolids and pyrosomes, swim in the pelagic zone of the sea as adults. Various species are commonly known as sea squirts, sea pork, sea livers, or sea tulips.

text: tunicate

text: is

text: marine

text: invertebrate

text: animal

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: subphylum

text: Tunicata

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Chordata

text: phylum

text: which

text: includes

text: all

text: animals

text: with

text: dorsal

text: nerve

text: cords

text: and

text: notochords

text: The

text: subphylum

text: was

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: called

text: Urochordata

text: and

text: the

text: term

text: urochordates

text: is

text: still

text: sometimes

text: used

text: for

text: these

text: animals

text: Some

text: tunicates

text: live

text: as

text: solitary

text: individuals

text: but

text: others

text: replicate

text: by

text: budding

text: and

text: become

text: colonies

text: each

text: unit

text: being

text: known

text: as

text: zooid

text: They

text: are

text: marine

text: filter

text: feeders

text: with

text: water

text: filled

text: sac

text: like

text: body

text: structure

text: and

text: two

text: tubular

text: openings

text: known

text: as

text: siphons

text: through

text: which

text: they

text: draw

text: in

text: and

text: expel

text: water

text: During

text: their

text: respiration

text: and

text: feeding

text: they

text: take

text: in

text: water

text: through

text: the

text: incurrent

text: or

text: inhalant

text: siphon

text: and

text: expel

text: the

text: filtered

text: water

text: through

text: the

text: excurrent

text: or

text: exhalant

text: siphon

text: Most

text: adult

text: tunicates

text: are

text: sessile

text: and

text: are

text: permanently

text: attached

text: to

text: rocks

text: or

text: other

text: hard

text: surfaces

text: on

text: the

text: ocean

text: floor

text: others

text: such

text: as

text: salps

text: doliolids

text: and

text: pyrosomes

text: swim

text: in

text: the

text: pelagic

text: zone

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: as

text: adults

text: Various

text: species

text: are

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: sea

text: squirts

text: sea

text: pork

text: sea

text: livers

text: or

text: sea

text: tulips

text: In biology, a phylum (plural: phyla) is a taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class. Traditionally, in botany the term division was used instead of "phylum", although from 1993 the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants accepted the designation "phylum". Depending on definitions, the kingdom Animalia contains approximately 35 phyla, Plantae contains about 12, and Fungi contains around 7. Current research in phylogenetics is uncovering the relationships between phyla, which are contained in larger clades, like Ecdysozoa and Embryophyta.

text: In

text: biology

text: phylum

text: plural

text: phyla

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: below

text: kingdom

text: and

text: above

text: class

text: Traditionally

text: in

text: botany

text: the

text: term

text: division

text: was

text: used

text: instead

text: of

text: phylum

text: although

text: from

text: the

text: International

text: Code

text: of

text: Nomenclature

text: for

text: algae

text: fungi

text: and

text: plants

text: accepted

text: the

text: designation

text: phylum

text: Depending

text: on

text: definitions

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Animalia

text: contains

text: approximately

text: phyla

text: Plantae

text: contains

text: about

text: and

text: Fungi

text: contains

text: around

text: Current

text: research

text: in

text: phylogenetics

text: is

text: uncovering

text: the

text: relationships

text: between

text: phyla

text: which

text: are

text: contained

text: in

text: larger

text: clades

text: like

text: Ecdysozoa

text: and

text: Embryophyta

text: Pleurogona is an order of tunicates which is no longer in use as it contains the same families as Stolidobranchia . One of the more invasive species of this order is the `` stalked ( or leathery or solitary ) sea squirt '' Styela clava . Another invasive genus include the `` chain sea squirts or chain tunicates '' of the genus Botrylloides and the `` golden star tunicate '' Botryllus schlosseri .

text: Pleurogona

text: is

text: an

text: order

text: of

text: tunicates

text: which

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: in

text: use

text: as

text: it

text: contains

text: the

text: same

text: families

text: as

text: Stolidobranchia

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: invasive

text: species

text: of

text: this

text: order

text: is

text: the

text: stalked

text: or

text: leathery

text: or

text: solitary

text: sea

text: squirt

text: Styela

text: clava

text: Another

text: invasive

text: genus

text: include

text: the

text: chain

text: sea

text: squirts

text: or

text: chain

text: tunicates

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Botrylloides

text: and

text: the

text: golden

text: star

text: tunicate

text: Botryllus

text: schlosseri

text:
The dorsal nerve cord is one of the embryonic features unique to chordates, along with a notochord, a post-anal tail, an endostyle, and pharyngeal slits. The dorsal nerve cord is a hollow cord dorsal to the notochord. It is formed from a part of the ectoderm that rolls, forming the hollow tube, compared to other animal phyla, which have solid, ventral tubes. The dorsal nerve cord is later modified in vertebrates into the central nervous system which is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
Dorsal nerve cord is mainly found in subphylum Vertebrata.

text: The

text: dorsal

text: nerve

text: cord

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: embryonic

text: features

text: unique

text: to

text: chordates

text: along

text: with

text: notochord

text: post

text: anal

text: tail

text: an

text: endostyle

text: and

text: pharyngeal

text: slits

text: The

text: dorsal

text: nerve

text: cord

text: is

text: hollow

text: cord

text: dorsal

text: to

text: the

text: notochord

text: It

text: is

text: formed

text: from

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: ectoderm

text: that

text: rolls

text: forming

text: the

text: hollow

text: tube

text: compared

text: to

text: other

text: animal

text: phyla

text: which

text: have

text: solid

text: ventral

text: tubes

text: The

text: dorsal

text: nerve

text: cord

text: is

text: later

text: modified

text: in

text: vertebrates

text: into

text: the

text: central

text: nervous

text: system

text: which

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: spinal

text: cord

text: Dorsal

text: nerve

text: cord

text: is

text: mainly

text: found

text: in

text: subphylum

text: Vertebrata

annotations: follows multiple

question: parent_taxon pleurogona

answer: ascidiacea

text: ascidiacea

text: ascidiacea


text:
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period) marked the start of the Middle Ages of European History, lasting from the 6th to the 10th century C.E.
The Early Middle Ages followed the decline of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages (c. 10th to 13th centuries).
The Early Middle Ages largely overlap with Late Ant1iquity. The term "Late Antiquity" is used to emphasize elements of continuity with the Roman Empire, while "Early Middle Ages" is used to emphasize developments characteristic of the later medieval period.

text: The

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: or

text: early

text: medieval

text: period

text: marked

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: of

text: European

text: History

text: lasting

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: C.E.

text: The

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: followed

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: preceded

text: the

text: High

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: to

text: centuries

text: The

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: largely

text: overlap

text: with

text: Late

text: The

text: term

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: emphasize

text: elements

text: of

text: continuity

text: with

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: while

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: emphasize

text: developments

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: medieval

text: period

text: Glywys is a legendary early 5th century Welsh king , an important character in early Welsh genealogies as the eponymous founder king of Glywysing , a south - east Welsh kingdom whose heartland lay between the Tawe and the Usk . In one genealogy Glywys is reckoned the eldest son of Solor , son of Mor . He is said to have married Gwawl , the daughter of Ceredig of Ceredigion : one legend states they had twenty two children , all male bar one . fathered and the churchmen Pedrog and Edelig . According to twelfth century sources , after the death of Glywys the kingdom was divided into three cantrefi , Gwynllwg , Penychen and Gorfynydd , by his sons Gwynllyw father of Cadoc , Pawl and Merchwyn respectively , though Glwysing still existed and would later become Glamorgan . Gwynllyw gave his name to Newport Cathedral and also to Wentlooge , while Pawl may have been mixed up with Paul Aurelian . Glywys ' name may be a back - formation from the name of the kingdom and Glywysing 's name may continue that of the Romano - British * Glevenses , the territory and citizens of Glevum , or Gloucester . Such invented founding kings are not uncommon in British genealogy . `` Gloucester '' ( Glowancestre , 1282 ) derives from the Old English ceaster , `` fort '' , preceded by the Roman stem Glev - ( pronounced glaiw ) . In Old Welsh , the city was known as Caerloyw , caer = castle , and loyw from gloyw = glowing / bright . Hence Gloucester has been given a similar founder , Gloyw : genealogies of Vortigern make him a descendant of Gloyw through his father Vitalus and his grandfather Vitalinus , while a lineage in the Bonedd y Saint makes saint Mechyll fab Echwys the grandson of Gwyn Glohoyw and the great - grandson of Gloyw Wallt - Lydan . In the Mabinogi , similarly , Pryderi marries Cigfa , `` daughter of Gwyn Glohoyw , son of Gloyw Wallt - Lydan , son of Casnar Wledig '' . Nevertheless Glywys is believed to have become a hermit in his later life and travelled to Cornwall where he founded the church of Penryn . He is sometimes referred to as the Cornish Glywys , Glywys Cernyw .

text: Glywys

text: is

text: legendary

text: early

text: century

text: Welsh

text: king

text: an

text: important

text: character

text: in

text: early

text: Welsh

text: genealogies

text: as

text: the

text: eponymous

text: founder

text: king

text: of

text: Glywysing

text: south

text: east

text: Welsh

text: kingdom

text: whose

text: heartland

text: lay

text: between

text: the

text: Tawe

text: and

text: the

text: Usk

text: In

text: one

text: genealogy

text: Glywys

text: is

text: reckoned

text: the

text: eldest

text: son

text: of

text: Solor

text: son

text: of

text: Mor

text: He

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: married

text: Gwawl

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: Ceredig

text: of

text: Ceredigion

text: one

text: legend

text: states

text: they

text: had

text: twenty

text: two

text: children

text: all

text: male

text: bar

text: one

text: fathered

text: and

text: the

text: churchmen

text: Pedrog

text: and

text: Edelig

text: According

text: to

text: twelfth

text: century

text: sources

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Glywys

text: the

text: kingdom

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: cantrefi

text: Gwynllwg

text: Penychen

text: and

text: Gorfynydd

text: by

text: his

text: sons

text: Gwynllyw

text: father

text: of

text: Cadoc

text: Pawl

text: and

text: Merchwyn

text: respectively

text: though

text: Glwysing

text: still

text: existed

text: and

text: would

text: later

text: become

text: Glamorgan

text: Gwynllyw

text: gave

text: his

text: name

text: to

text: Newport

text: Cathedral

text: and

text: also

text: to

text: Wentlooge

text: while

text: Pawl

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: mixed

text: up

text: with

text: Paul

text: Aurelian

text: Glywys

text: name

text: may

text: be

text: back

text: formation

text: from

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: and

text: Glywysing

text: 's

text: name

text: may

text: continue

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Romano

text: British

text: Glevenses

text: the

text: territory

text: and

text: citizens

text: of

text: Glevum

text: or

text: Gloucester

text: Such

text: invented

text: founding

text: kings

text: are

text: not

text: uncommon

text: in

text: British

text: genealogy

text: Gloucester

text: Glowancestre

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: English

text: ceaster

text: fort

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: stem

text: Glev

text: pronounced

text: glaiw

text: In

text: Old

text: Welsh

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Caerloyw

text: caer

text: castle

text: and

text: loyw

text: from

text: gloyw

text: glowing

text: bright

text: Hence

text: Gloucester

text: has

text: been

text: given

text: similar

text: founder

text: Gloyw

text: genealogies

text: of

text: Vortigern

text: make

text: him

text: descendant

text: of

text: Gloyw

text: through

text: his

text: father

text: Vitalus

text: and

text: his

text: grandfather

text: Vitalinus

text: while

text: lineage

text: in

text: the

text: Bonedd

text: Saint

text: makes

text: saint

text: Mechyll

text: fab

text: Echwys

text: the

text: grandson

text: of

text: Gwyn

text: Glohoyw

text: and

text: the

text: great

text: grandson

text: of

text: Gloyw

text: Wallt

text: Lydan

text: In

text: the

text: Mabinogi

text: similarly

text: Pryderi

text: marries

text: Cigfa

text: daughter

text: of

text: Gwyn

text: Glohoyw

text: son

text: of

text: Gloyw

text: Wallt

text: Lydan

text: son

text: of

text: Casnar

text: Wledig

text: Nevertheless

text: Glywys

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: become

text: hermit

text: in

text: his

text: later

text: life

text: and

text: travelled

text: to

text: Cornwall

text: where

text: he

text: founded

text: the

text: church

text: of

text: Penryn

text: He

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Cornish

text: Glywys

text: Glywys

text: Cernyw

text: The Silures were a powerful and warlike tribe or tribal confederation of ancient Britain, occupying what is now south east Wales and perhaps some adjoining areas. They were bordered to the north by the Ordovices; to the east by the Dobunni; and to the west by the Demetae.

text: The

text: Silures

text: were

text: powerful

text: and

text: warlike

text: tribe

text: or

text: tribal

text: confederation

text: of

text: ancient

text: Britain

text: occupying

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: south

text: east

text: Wales

text: and

text: perhaps

text: some

text: adjoining

text: areas

text: They

text: were

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Ordovices

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Dobunni

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Demetae

text: Glywysing was, from the sub-Roman period to the Early Middle Ages, a petty kingdom in south-east Wales. Its people were descended from the Iron Age tribe of the Silures.

text: Glywysing

text: was

text: from

text: the

text: sub

text: Roman

text: period

text: to

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: petty

text: kingdom

text: in

text: south

text: east

text: Wales

text: Its

text: people

text: were

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: tribe

text: of

text: the

text: Silures

text: A petty kingdom is a kingdom described as minor or "petty" by contrast to an empire or unified kingdom that either preceded or succeeded it (e.g. the numerous kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England unified into the Kingdom of England in the 10th century, or the numerous Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland unified under the Kingdom of England as the Kingdom of Ireland in the 16th). Alternatively, a petty kingdom would be a minor kingdom in the immediate vicinity of larger kingdoms, such as the medieval Kingdom of Mann and the Isles relative to the kingdoms of Scotland or England or the Viking kingdoms of Scandinavia.

text: petty

text: kingdom

text: is

text: kingdom

text: described

text: as

text: minor

text: or

text: petty

text: by

text: contrast

text: to

text: an

text: empire

text: or

text: unified

text: kingdom

text: that

text: either

text: preceded

text: or

text: succeeded

text: it

text: e.g.

text: the

text: numerous

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: England

text: unified

text: into

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: or

text: the

text: numerous

text: Gaelic

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Ireland

text: unified

text: under

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: the

text: Alternatively

text: petty

text: kingdom

text: would

text: be

text: minor

text: kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: immediate

text: vicinity

text: of

text: larger

text: kingdoms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: medieval

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Mann

text: and

text: the

text: Isles

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Scotland

text: or

text: England

text: or

text: the

text: Viking

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Scandinavia

annotations: follows single

question: country_of_citizenship glywys

answer: wales

text: wales

text: wales