text: The PlayStation 2 (abbreviated as PS2) is a home video game console that was developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to the PlayStation, and is the second installment in the PlayStation lineup of consoles. It was released on March 4, 2000 in Japan, October 26, 2000 in North America, November 24, 2000 in Europe, and November 17, 2000 in Australia. It competed with Sega's Dreamcast, Microsoft's Xbox, and Nintendo's GameCube in the sixth generation of video game consoles.

text: The

text: PlayStation

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: is

text: home

text: video

text: game

text: console

text: that

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: Sony

text: Computer

text: Entertainment

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: installment

text: in

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: lineup

text: of

text: consoles

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: March

text: in

text: Japan

text: October

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: November

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: November

text: in

text: Australia

text: It

text: competed

text: with

text: Sega

text: 's

text: Dreamcast

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: Xbox

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: GameCube

text: in

text: the

text: sixth

text: generation

text: of

text: video

text: game

text: consoles

text: Earthsiege 2 is a mecha - style vehicle simulation game developed by Dynamix , produced by Frank Evers ( NYPH ) , and released in 1996 . Earthsiege 2 is set in the Earthsiege universe , which contains its predecessors Earthsiege ( 1994 ) and Battledrome ( 1995 ) , as well as the action game Hunter Hunted ( 1996 ) , strategy games MissionForce : CyberStorm ( 1997 ) and Cyberstorm 2 : Corporate Wars ( 1998 ) , simulation Starsiege ( 1999 ) , and first - person shooters Starsiege : Tribes ( 1999 ) , Tribes 2 ( 2001 ) , Tribes Aerial Assault ( 2002 ) , Tribes : Vengeance ( 2004 ) and Tribes : Ascend ( 2012 ) . As a simulation , Earthsiege 2 gives players the opportunity to pilot massive bipedal war machines known as HERCULANs ( Humaniform - Emulation Roboticized Combat Unit with Leg - Articulated Navigation ) ( or ' HERCs ' for short ) . Set in the 26th or 27th century , Earthsiege 2 features advanced weapons and technology for waging war . Earthsiege 2 takes place across North America , South America , Antarctica , Asia , Australia , Europe , and the moon . Earthsiege 2 features a more advanced engine than Earthsiege , increasing the game 's maximum resolution to 640 * 480 . Additionally , the game features much more detailed terrain than its predecessor . Earthsiege 2 has 3D rolling terrain rather than the flat landscape of Earthsiege . Furthermore , video briefings and debriefings , along with included squadmate voices , add to the atmosphere of the game . In 2015 , Earthsiege 2 was released as freeware by Hi - Rez Studios .

text: Earthsiege

text: is

text: mecha

text: style

text: vehicle

text: simulation

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: Dynamix

text: produced

text: by

text: Frank

text: Evers

text: NYPH

text: and

text: released

text: in

text: Earthsiege

text: is

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: Earthsiege

text: universe

text: which

text: contains

text: its

text: predecessors

text: Earthsiege

text: and

text: Battledrome

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: action

text: game

text: Hunter

text: Hunted

text: strategy

text: games

text: MissionForce

text: CyberStorm

text: and

text: Cyberstorm

text: Corporate

text: Wars

text: simulation

text: Starsiege

text: and

text: first

text: person

text: shooters

text: Starsiege

text: Tribes

text: Tribes

text: Tribes

text: Aerial

text: Assault

text: Tribes

text: Vengeance

text: and

text: Tribes

text: Ascend

text: As

text: simulation

text: Earthsiege

text: gives

text: players

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: pilot

text: massive

text: bipedal

text: war

text: machines

text: known

text: as

text: HERCULANs

text: Humaniform

text: Emulation

text: Roboticized

text: Combat

text: Unit

text: with

text: Leg

text: Articulated

text: Navigation

text: or

text: HERCs

text: for

text: short

text: Set

text: in

text: the

text: or

text: century

text: Earthsiege

text: features

text: advanced

text: weapons

text: and

text: technology

text: for

text: waging

text: war

text: Earthsiege

text: takes

text: place

text: across

text: North

text: America

text: South

text: America

text: Antarctica

text: Asia

text: Australia

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: moon

text: Earthsiege

text: features

text: more

text: advanced

text: engine

text: than

text: Earthsiege

text: increasing

text: the

text: game

text: 's

text: maximum

text: resolution

text: to

text: Additionally

text: the

text: game

text: features

text: much

text: more

text: detailed

text: terrain

text: than

text: its

text: predecessor

text: Earthsiege

text: has

text: rolling

text: terrain

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: flat

text: landscape

text: of

text: Earthsiege

text: Furthermore

text: video

text: briefings

text: and

text: debriefings

text: along

text: with

text: included

text: squadmate

text: voices

text: add

text: to

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: In

text: Earthsiege

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: freeware

text: by

text: Hi

text: Rez

text: Studios

text: X (named "ex" , plural "exes") is the 24th and antepenultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

text: named

text: ex

text: plural

text: exes

text: is

text: the

text: and

text: antepenultimate

text: letter

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: English

text: alphabet

text: and

text: the

text: ISO

text: basic

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: Tribes Aerial Assault is an online first-person shooter video game released for PlayStation 2 in 2002 by Sierra Entertainment.

text: Tribes

text: Aerial

text: Assault

text: is

text: an

text: online

text: first

text: person

text: shooter

text: video

text: game

text: released

text: for

text: PlayStation

text: in

text: by

text: Sierra

text: Entertainment

text: M.E.Ch.A. (Spanish: Movimiento Estudiantil Chicanx de Aztlán; "Chicanx Student Movement of Aztlán", the x being a gender neutral inflection) is an organization that seeks to promote Chicano unity and empowerment through political action. The acronym of the organization's name is the Chicano word "mecha", which is the Chicano pronunciation of the English word, "match" and therefore symbolic of a fire or spark; "mecha" in Spanish means fuse or wick. The motto of MEChA is 'La Union Hace La Fuerza

text: M.E.Ch

text: Spanish

text: Movimiento

text: Estudiantil

text: Chicanx

text: de

text: Aztlán

text: Chicanx

text: Student

text: Movement

text: of

text: Aztlán

text: the

text: being

text: gender

text: neutral

text: inflection

text: is

text: an

text: organization

text: that

text: seeks

text: to

text: promote

text: Chicano

text: unity

text: and

text: empowerment

text: through

text: political

text: action

text: The

text: acronym

text: of

text: the

text: organization

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: the

text: Chicano

text: word

text: mecha

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: Chicano

text: pronunciation

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: word

text: match

text: and

text: therefore

text: symbolic

text: of

text: fire

text: or

text: spark

text: mecha

text: in

text: Spanish

text: means

text: fuse

text: or

text: wick

text: The

text: motto

text: of

text: MEChA

text: is

text: La

text: Union

text: Hace

text: La

text: Fuerza

text: Tribes 2 is a first-person shooter multiplayer video game developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra Studios in 2001 as a sequel to "".

text: Tribes

text: is

text: first

text: person

text: shooter

text: multiplayer

text: video

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: Dynamix

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Sierra

text: Studios

text: in

text: as

text: sequel

text: to

text: Dynamix, Inc. was an American developer of video games from 1984 to 2001, best known for the flight simulator "Red Baron", the puzzle game "The Incredible Machine", the "Front Page Sports" series, the acclaimed "Betrayal at Krondor," and their online multiplayer game "Tribes".

text: Dynamix

text: Inc.

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: developer

text: of

text: video

text: games

text: from

text: to

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: flight

text: simulator

text: Red

text: Baron

text: the

text: puzzle

text: game

text: The

text: Incredible

text: Machine

text: the

text: Front

text: Page

text: Sports

text: series

text: the

text: acclaimed

text: Betrayal

text: at

text: Krondor

text: and

text: their

text: online

text: multiplayer

text: game

text: Tribes

text: Sierra Entertainment (previously Sierra On-Line, commonly referred to as Sierra) is an American publisher founded in 1979 as On-Line Systems by Ken and Roberta Williams. Based in Oakhurst, California and later in Fresno, California, the division is now owned by Activision, a subsidiary of Activision Blizzard.

text: Sierra

text: Entertainment

text: previously

text: Sierra

text: On

text: Line

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Sierra

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: publisher

text: founded

text: in

text: as

text: On

text: Line

text: Systems

text: by

text: Ken

text: and

text: Roberta

text: Williams

text: Based

text: in

text: Oakhurst

text: California

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: Fresno

text: California

text: the

text: division

text: is

text: now

text: owned

text: by

text: Activision

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Activision

text: Blizzard

text: Betrayal at Krondor is a DOS-based role-playing video game developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line in the summer of 1993. "Betrayal at Krondor" takes place largely in Midkemia, the fantasy world developed by Raymond E. Feist in his "Riftwar" novels. The game is designed to resemble a book, separated into chapters and narrated in the third-person with a quick-save bookmark feature.

text: Betrayal

text: at

text: Krondor

text: is

text: DOS

text: based

text: role

text: playing

text: video

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: Dynamix

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Sierra

text: On

text: Line

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: Betrayal

text: at

text: Krondor

text: takes

text: place

text: largely

text: in

text: Midkemia

text: the

text: fantasy

text: world

text: developed

text: by

text: Raymond

text: Feist

text: in

text: his

text: Riftwar

text: novels

text: The

text: game

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: resemble

text: book

text: separated

text: into

text: chapters

text: and

text: narrated

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: person

text: with

text: quick

text: save

text: bookmark

text: feature

text: Starsiege is a mecha-style vehicle simulation game developed by Dynamix and released in 1999. "Starsiege" is set in the / universe, which contains its predecessors "Earthsiege" (1994), "Battledrome" (1995), and "Earthsiege 2" (1996). This universe also includes action game "Hunter Hunted" (1996), strategy games "" (1997) and "" (1998). It also includes the sequels and all subsequent Tribes titles. In 2015, this game and the rest of the "Metaltech/Tribes" series was released as freeware by Hi-Rez Studios, but Battledrome and the Cyberstorm series, were not.

text: Starsiege

text: is

text: mecha

text: style

text: vehicle

text: simulation

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: Dynamix

text: and

text: released

text: in

text: Starsiege

text: is

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: universe

text: which

text: contains

text: its

text: predecessors

text: Earthsiege

text: Battledrome

text: and

text: Earthsiege

text: This

text: universe

text: also

text: includes

text: action

text: game

text: Hunter

text: Hunted

text: strategy

text: games

text: and

text: It

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: sequels

text: and

text: all

text: subsequent

text: Tribes

text: titles

text: In

text: this

text: game

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Metaltech

text: Tribes

text: series

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: freeware

text: by

text: Hi

text: Rez

text: Studios

text: but

text: Battledrome

text: and

text: the

text: Cyberstorm

text: series

text: were

text: not

question: publisher earthsiege 2

answer: sierra entertainment

text: sierra entertainment

text: sierra entertainment


text: Ubisoft Entertainment SA (formerly Ubi Soft Entertainment Software until 2003, commonly referred to as Ubisoft) is a French multinational video game publisher, headquartered in Rennes, France. It is known for developing games for several acclaimed video game franchises including "Assassin's Creed", "Far Cry", "Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon", "Just Dance", "Rainbow Six", "Prince of Persia", "Rayman", "Watch Dogs" and "Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell".

text: Ubisoft

text: Entertainment

text: SA

text: formerly

text: Ubi

text: Soft

text: Entertainment

text: Software

text: until

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Ubisoft

text: is

text: French

text: multinational

text: video

text: game

text: publisher

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Rennes

text: France

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: developing

text: games

text: for

text: several

text: acclaimed

text: video

text: game

text: franchises

text: including

text: Assassin

text: 's

text: Creed

text: Far

text: Cry

text: Tom

text: Clancy

text: 's

text: Ghost

text: Recon

text: Just

text: Dance

text: Rainbow

text: Six

text: Prince

text: of

text: Persia

text: Rayman

text: Watch

text: Dogs

text: and

text: Tom

text: Clancy

text: 's

text: Splinter

text: Cell

text: Silent Hunter III is a submarine simulation developed by Ubisoft Romania and published by Ubisoft . It was released for the PC on March 15 , 2005 . Like Silent Hunter II , it places the player in command of a German U-Boat during the Battle of the Atlantic in World War II.

text: Silent

text: Hunter

text: III

text: is

text: submarine

text: simulation

text: developed

text: by

text: Ubisoft

text: Romania

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Ubisoft

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: for

text: the

text: PC

text: on

text: March

text: Like

text: Silent

text: Hunter

text: II

text: it

text: places

text: the

text: player

text: in

text: command

text: of

text: German

text: Boat

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: A video game publisher is a company that publishes video games that they have either developed internally or have had developed by a video game developer. As with book publishers or publishers of DVD movies, video game publishers are responsible for their product's manufacturing and marketing, including market research and all aspects of advertising.

text: video

text: game

text: publisher

text: is

text: company

text: that

text: publishes

text: video

text: games

text: that

text: they

text: have

text: either

text: developed

text: internally

text: or

text: have

text: had

text: developed

text: by

text: video

text: game

text: developer

text: As

text: with

text: book

text: publishers

text: or

text: publishers

text: of

text: DVD

text: movies

text: video

text: game

text: publishers

text: are

text: responsible

text: for

text: their

text: product

text: 's

text: manufacturing

text: and

text: marketing

text: including

text: market

text: research

text: and

text: all

text: aspects

text: of

text: advertising

text: Prince of Persia is a video game franchise created by Jordan Mechner, originally developed and published by Brøderbund, then the Learning Company, and currently Ubisoft. The franchise is built around a series of action-adventure games focused on various incarnations of the eponymous prince. The first game in the series was designed by Mechner after the success of his previous game with Brøderbund, "Karateka". The title was successful enough to spawn two sequels: the series has been rebooted twice since its acquisition by Ubisoft, and has been successful enough to warrant a , penned in part by Mechner and released by Walt Disney Pictures in 2010. Since its first remake of the "Prince of Persia", the series has seen eight sequels on more than 10 different gaming platforms, from the Game Boy Advance to the PlayStation 3.

text: Prince

text: of

text: Persia

text: is

text: video

text: game

text: franchise

text: created

text: by

text: Jordan

text: Mechner

text: originally

text: developed

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Brøderbund

text: then

text: the

text: Learning

text: Company

text: and

text: currently

text: Ubisoft

text: The

text: franchise

text: is

text: built

text: around

text: series

text: of

text: action

text: adventure

text: games

text: focused

text: on

text: various

text: incarnations

text: of

text: the

text: eponymous

text: prince

text: The

text: first

text: game

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Mechner

text: after

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: his

text: previous

text: game

text: with

text: Brøderbund

text: Karateka

text: The

text: title

text: was

text: successful

text: enough

text: to

text: spawn

text: two

text: sequels

text: the

text: series

text: has

text: been

text: rebooted

text: twice

text: since

text: its

text: acquisition

text: by

text: Ubisoft

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: successful

text: enough

text: to

text: warrant

text: penned

text: in

text: part

text: by

text: Mechner

text: and

text: released

text: by

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Pictures

text: in

text: Since

text: its

text: first

text: remake

text: of

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Persia

text: the

text: series

text: has

text: seen

text: eight

text: sequels

text: on

text: more

text: than

text: different

text: gaming

text: platforms

text: from

text: the

text: Game

text: Boy

text: Advance

text: to

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: Windows 95 (codenamed Chicago) is a consumer-oriented operating system developed by Microsoft. It was released on August 24, 1995, and was a significant improvement over the company's previous DOS-based Windows products.

text: Windows

text: codenamed

text: Chicago

text: is

text: consumer

text: oriented

text: operating

text: system

text: developed

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: was

text: significant

text: improvement

text: over

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: previous

text: DOS

text: based

text: Windows

text: products

text: MS-DOS (; acronym for "Microsoft Disk Operating System") is a discontinued operating system for x86-based personal computers mostly developed by Microsoft. It was the most commonly used member of the DOS family of operating systems, and was the main operating system for IBM PC compatible personal computers during the 1980s and the early 1990s, when it was gradually superseded by operating systems offering a graphical user interface (GUI), in various generations of the graphical Microsoft Windows operating system by Microsoft Corporation.

text: MS

text: DOS

text: acronym

text: for

text: Microsoft

text: Disk

text: Operating

text: System

text: is

text: discontinued

text: operating

text: system

text: for

text: personal

text: computers

text: mostly

text: developed

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: DOS

text: family

text: of

text: operating

text: systems

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: main

text: operating

text: system

text: for

text: IBM

text: PC

text: compatible

text: personal

text: computers

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: early

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: gradually

text: superseded

text: by

text: operating

text: systems

text: offering

text: graphical

text: user

text: interface

text: GUI

text: in

text: various

text: generations

text: of

text: the

text: graphical

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: operating

text: system

text: by

text: Microsoft

text: Corporation

text: Rayman is a platform video game series created by Michel Ancel and owned by Ubisoft. The original "Rayman" was a 2D sprite-based platformer similar to those of the 16-bit era. The series centers on a limbless humanoid named Rayman. "" moved the series into 3D, and added more variety to the gameplay with new actions such as being pulled through a marsh by a snake, riding a rocket, and the ability to temporarily swim in water. "" kept the same core platforming of "Rayman 2", but added timed power ups and had a bigger emphasis on combat. The handheld entries in the series have remained similar to the sprite-based original in gameplay in that they are mostly 2D; "" and "" are the only exceptions to this, as both are ports of "Rayman 2".

text: Rayman

text: is

text: platform

text: video

text: game

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: Michel

text: Ancel

text: and

text: owned

text: by

text: Ubisoft

text: The

text: original

text: Rayman

text: was

text: sprite

text: based

text: platformer

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: The

text: series

text: centers

text: on

text: limbless

text: humanoid

text: named

text: Rayman

text: moved

text: the

text: series

text: into

text: and

text: added

text: more

text: variety

text: to

text: the

text: gameplay

text: with

text: new

text: actions

text: such

text: as

text: being

text: pulled

text: through

text: marsh

text: by

text: snake

text: riding

text: rocket

text: and

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: temporarily

text: swim

text: in

text: water

text: kept

text: the

text: same

text: core

text: platforming

text: of

text: Rayman

text: but

text: added

text: timed

text: power

text: ups

text: and

text: had

text: bigger

text: emphasis

text: on

text: combat

text: The

text: handheld

text: entries

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: have

text: remained

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: sprite

text: based

text: original

text: in

text: gameplay

text: in

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: mostly

text: and

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: exceptions

text: to

text: this

text: as

text: both

text: are

text: ports

text: of

text: Rayman

text: Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell is a series of award-winning stealth video games, the first of which was released in 2002, and their tie-in novels. The protagonist, Sam Fisher, is a highly trained agent of a fictional black-ops sub-division within the NSA, dubbed "Third Echelon". The player controls Fisher to overcome his adversaries in levels (created using Unreal Engine) that were extended to emphasise light and darkness as gameplay elements. All the console and PC games in the series were critically acclaimed, and the series is commercially successful. The series, along with "Assassin's Creed", is considered to be one of Ubisoft's flagship franchises, selling more than 31 million copies as of 2011.

text: Tom

text: Clancy

text: 's

text: Splinter

text: Cell

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: award

text: winning

text: stealth

text: video

text: games

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: and

text: their

text: tie

text: in

text: novels

text: The

text: protagonist

text: Sam

text: Fisher

text: is

text: highly

text: trained

text: agent

text: of

text: fictional

text: black

text: ops

text: sub

text: division

text: within

text: the

text: NSA

text: dubbed

text: Third

text: Echelon

text: The

text: player

text: controls

text: Fisher

text: to

text: overcome

text: his

text: adversaries

text: in

text: levels

text: created

text: using

text: Unreal

text: Engine

text: that

text: were

text: extended

text: to

text: emphasise

text: light

text: and

text: darkness

text: as

text: gameplay

text: elements

text: All

text: the

text: console

text: and

text: PC

text: games

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: were

text: critically

text: acclaimed

text: and

text: the

text: series

text: is

text: commercially

text: successful

text: The

text: series

text: along

text: with

text: Assassin

text: 's

text: Creed

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: Ubisoft

text: 's

text: flagship

text: franchises

text: selling

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: copies

text: as

text: of

text: Silent Hunter is a World War II submarine combat simulation for MS-DOS, developed by Aeon Electronic Entertainment and published by Strategic Simulations in 1996. The game takes place in the Pacific War during World War II, the player commanding a submarine of the United States Navy. Most contemporary US submarines and Japanese warships are featured along with some generic merchant ships.

text: Silent

text: Hunter

text: is

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: submarine

text: combat

text: simulation

text: for

text: MS

text: DOS

text: developed

text: by

text: Aeon

text: Electronic

text: Entertainment

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Strategic

text: Simulations

text: in

text: The

text: game

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: War

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: player

text: commanding

text: submarine

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Navy

text: Most

text: contemporary

text: US

text: submarines

text: and

text: Japanese

text: warships

text: are

text: featured

text: along

text: with

text: some

text: generic

text: merchant

text: ships

text: Silent Hunter II is a World War II U-boat combat simulation from Ubisoft for Windows 95/98/ME.

text: Silent

text: Hunter

text: II

text: is

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: boat

text: combat

text: simulation

text: from

text: Ubisoft

text: for

text: Windows

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows single

question: platform silent hunter iii

answer: microsoft windows

text: microsoft windows


text: Harry Nelson Pillsbury (December 5, 1872  June 17, 1906) was a leading American chess player. At the age of 22, he won one of the strongest tournaments of the time (the Hastings 1895 chess tournament) but his illness and early death prevented him from challenging for the World Chess Championship.

text: Harry

text: Nelson

text: Pillsbury

text: December

text: June

text: was

text: leading

text: American

text: chess

text: player

text: At

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: he

text: won

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: strongest

text: tournaments

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: Hastings

text: chess

text: tournament

text: but

text: his

text: illness

text: and

text: early

text: death

text: prevented

text: him

text: from

text: challenging

text: for

text: the

text: World

text: Chess

text: Championship

text: Alexander Aleksandrovich Alekhine (; March 24, 1946) was a Russian and French chess player and the fourth World Chess Champion. He is widely considered one of the greatest chess players ever.

text: Alexander

text: Aleksandrovich

text: Alekhine

text: March

text: was

text: Russian

text: and

text: French

text: chess

text: player

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: World

text: Chess

text: Champion

text: He

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: chess

text: players

text: ever

text:
An aphorism (from Greek  "aphorismos", "delimitation") is a terse saying, expressing a general truth, principle, or astute observation, and spoken or written in a laconic and memorable form.
Aphorism literally means a "distinction" or "definition". The term was first used in the "" of Hippocrates. The oft-cited first sentence of this work (see Ars longa, vita brevis) is:
The term was later applied to maxims of physical science, then statements of all kinds of philosophical, moral, or literary principles. In modern usage an aphorism is generally understood to be a concise statement containing a subjective truth or observation, cleverly and pithily written.

text: An

text: aphorism

text: from

text: Greek

text: aphorismos

text: delimitation

text: is

text: terse

text: saying

text: expressing

text: general

text: truth

text: principle

text: or

text: astute

text: observation

text: and

text: spoken

text: or

text: written

text: in

text: laconic

text: and

text: memorable

text: form

text: Aphorism

text: literally

text: means

text: distinction

text: or

text: definition

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: of

text: Hippocrates

text: The

text: oft

text: cited

text: first

text: sentence

text: of

text: this

text: work

text: see

text: Ars

text: longa

text: vita

text: brevis

text: is

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: later

text: applied

text: to

text: maxims

text: of

text: physical

text: science

text: then

text: statements

text: of

text: all

text: kinds

text: of

text: philosophical

text: moral

text: or

text: literary

text: principles

text: In

text: modern

text: usage

text: an

text: aphorism

text: is

text: generally

text: understood

text: to

text: be

text: concise

text: statement

text: containing

text: subjective

text: truth

text: or

text: observation

text: cleverly

text: and

text: pithily

text: written

text:
Herman Steiner (April 15, 1905  November 25, 1955) was a United States chess player, organizer, and columnist.
He won the U.S. Chess Championship in 1948 and became International Master in 1950.
Even more important than his playing career were his efforts promoting chess in the U.S., particularly on the West Coast.
An exemplar of the Romantic School of chess, Steiner was a successor to the American chess tradition of Paul Morphy, Harry Nelson Pillsbury, and Frank Marshall.

text: Herman

text: Steiner

text: April

text: November

text: was

text: United

text: States

text: chess

text: player

text: organizer

text: and

text: columnist

text: He

text: won

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Chess

text: Championship

text: in

text: and

text: became

text: International

text: Master

text: in

text: Even

text: more

text: important

text: than

text: his

text: playing

text: career

text: were

text: his

text: efforts

text: promoting

text: chess

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: particularly

text: on

text: the

text: West

text: Coast

text: An

text: exemplar

text: of

text: the

text: Romantic

text: School

text: of

text: chess

text: Steiner

text: was

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: chess

text: tradition

text: of

text: Paul

text: Morphy

text: Harry

text: Nelson

text: Pillsbury

text: and

text: Frank

text: Marshall

text: The U.S. Chess Championship is an invitational tournament held to determine the national chess champion of the United States. Begun as a challenge match in 1845, the U.S. Championship has been decided by tournament play for most of its long history (Soltis, 2012). Since 1936, it has been held under the auspices of the U.S. Chess Federation. Until 1999, the event consisted of a round-robin tournament of varying size. From 1999 to 2006, the Championship was sponsored and organized by the Seattle Chess Foundation (later renamed America's Foundation for Chess [AF4C]) as a large Swiss system tournament. AF4C withdrew its sponsorship in 2007. The 2007 and 2008 events were held (again under the Swiss system) in Stillwater, Oklahoma. The Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis in St Louis has hosted the annual event since 2009.

text: The

text: U.S.

text: Chess

text: Championship

text: is

text: an

text: invitational

text: tournament

text: held

text: to

text: determine

text: the

text: national

text: chess

text: champion

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Begun

text: as

text: challenge

text: match

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Championship

text: has

text: been

text: decided

text: by

text: tournament

text: play

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: long

text: history

text: Soltis

text: Since

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: under

text: the

text: auspices

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Chess

text: Federation

text: Until

text: the

text: event

text: consisted

text: of

text: round

text: robin

text: tournament

text: of

text: varying

text: size

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: Championship

text: was

text: sponsored

text: and

text: organized

text: by

text: the

text: Seattle

text: Chess

text: Foundation

text: later

text: renamed

text: America

text: 's

text: Foundation

text: for

text: Chess

text: as

text: large

text: Swiss

text: system

text: tournament

text: withdrew

text: its

text: sponsorship

text: in

text: The

text: and

text: events

text: were

text: held

text: again

text: under

text: the

text: Swiss

text: system

text: in

text: Stillwater

text: Oklahoma

text: The

text: Chess

text: Club

text: and

text: Scholastic

text: Center

text: of

text: Saint

text: Louis

text: in

text: St

text: Louis

text: has

text: hosted

text: the

text: annual

text: event

text: since

text: Carl Oscar Ahues ( 26 December 1883 , Bremen -- 31 December 1968 , Hamburg ) was a German chess International Master . He was Berlin champion in 1910 . He was German Champion in 1929 winning the 26th DSB Congress in Duisburg . In 1930 , he took 6th in San Remo ( Alexander Alekhine won ) , tied for 4 - 5th in Scarborough ( Edgar Colle won ) , and tied for 3 - 5th in Liege ( Savielly Tartakower won ) . In 1931 , he tied for 2nd - 4th in Berlin ( Herman Steiner won ) , and tied for 4 - 6th in Swinemünde ( 27th DSB Congress ; Efim Bogoljubow and Ludwig Roedl won ) . Ahues represented Germany thrice in Chess Olympiads . In 1930 , at first board in 3rd Chess Olympiad in Hamburg ( +4 -- 3 = 7 ) , team bronze ; In 1931 , at second board in 4th Chess Olympiad in Prague ( +3 -- 2 = 8 ) ; In 1936 , at second board in 3rd unofficial Chess Olympiad in Munich ( +4 -- 1 = 12 ) , team bronze . In 1933 , he took 10th in Bad Pyrmont ( 1st GER - ch ; Bogoljubow won ) . In 1934 , he took 3rd in Bad Niendorf ( Gideon Ståhlberg won ) . In 1935 , he took 4th in Bad Aachen ( 3rd GER - ch ; Kurt Richter won ) . In 1935 , he won in Hamburg . In 1935 , he tied for 5 - 6th in Bad Nauheim ( Bogoljubow won ) . In 1936 , he took 3rd , behind Alexander Alekhine and Paul Keres , in Bad Nauheim . In 1939 , he took 4th in Bad Harzburg ( Erich Eliskases won ) . In 1940 , he tied for 6 - 9th in Bad Oeynhausen ( 7th GER - ch ; Georg Kieninger won ) . In 1940 , he tied for 5 - 8th in Kraków / Bad Krynica / Warsaw ( 1st GG - ch ; Anton Kohler and Bogoljubow won ) . In 1941 , he tied for 9 - 11th in Trentschin - Teplitz ( Jan Foltys won ) . In 1942 , he took 10th in Munich ( EUR - ch , Wertungsturnier -- Qualification Tournament ; Gösta Danielsson won ) . In 1942 , he won in Berlin ( BSG ) . In 1944 , he tied for 2nd - 3rd , behind Elsas , in Luxembourg . After World War II , he lived in West Germany . In 1946 , he won in Bad Harzburg . In 1947 , he tied for 2nd - 3rd , behind Ludwig Rellstab , in Stuttgart . In 1953 , he tied for 7 - 9th in Leipzig ( GER - ch ; Wolfgang Unzicker won ) . Awarded the IM title in 1950 . His son , Herbert Ahues , was a famous chess composer .

text: Carl

text: Oscar

text: Ahues

text: December

text: Bremen

text: December

text: Hamburg

text: was

text: German

text: chess

text: International

text: Master

text: He

text: was

text: Berlin

text: champion

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: German

text: Champion

text: in

text: winning

text: the

text: DSB

text: Congress

text: in

text: Duisburg

text: In

text: he

text: took

text: in

text: San

text: Remo

text: Alexander

text: Alekhine

text: won

text: tied

text: for

text: in

text: Scarborough

text: Edgar

text: Colle

text: won

text: and

text: tied

text: for

text: in

text: Liege

text: Savielly

text: Tartakower

text: won

text: In

text: he

text: tied

text: for

text: in

text: Berlin

text: Herman

text: Steiner

text: won

text: and

text: tied

text: for

text: in

text: Swinemünde

text: DSB

text: Congress

text: Efim

text: Bogoljubow

text: and

text: Ludwig

text: Roedl

text: won

text: Ahues

text: represented

text: Germany

text: thrice

text: in

text: Chess

text: Olympiads

text: In

text: at

text: first

text: board

text: in

text: Chess

text: Olympiad

text: in

text: Hamburg

text: team

text: bronze

text: In

text: at

text: second

text: board

text: in

text: Chess

text: Olympiad

text: in

text: Prague

text: In

text: at

text: second

text: board

text: in

text: unofficial

text: Chess

text: Olympiad

text: in

text: Munich

text: team

text: bronze

text: In

text: he

text: took

text: in

text: Bad

text: Pyrmont

text: GER

text: ch

text: Bogoljubow

text: won

text: In

text: he

text: took

text: in

text: Bad

text: Niendorf

text: Gideon

text: Ståhlberg

text: won

text: In

text: he

text: took

text: in

text: Bad

text: Aachen

text: GER

text: ch

text: Kurt

text: Richter

text: won

text: In

text: he

text: won

text: in

text: Hamburg

text: In

text: he

text: tied

text: for

text: in

text: Bad

text: Nauheim

text: Bogoljubow

text: won

text: In

text: he

text: took

text: behind

text: Alexander

text: Alekhine

text: and

text: Paul

text: Keres

text: in

text: Bad

text: Nauheim

text: In

text: he

text: took

text: in

text: Bad

text: Harzburg

text: Erich

text: Eliskases

text: won

text: In

text: he

text: tied

text: for

text: in

text: Bad

text: Oeynhausen

text: GER

text: ch

text: Georg

text: Kieninger

text: won

text: In

text: he

text: tied

text: for

text: in

text: Kraków

text: Bad

text: Krynica

text: Warsaw

text: GG

text: ch

text: Anton

text: Kohler

text: and

text: Bogoljubow

text: won

text: In

text: he

text: tied

text: for

text: in

text: Trentschin

text: Teplitz

text: Jan

text: Foltys

text: won

text: In

text: he

text: took

text: in

text: Munich

text: EUR

text: ch

text: Wertungsturnier

text: Qualification

text: Tournament

text: Gösta

text: Danielsson

text: won

text: In

text: he

text: won

text: in

text: Berlin

text: BSG

text: In

text: he

text: tied

text: for

text: behind

text: Elsas

text: in

text: Luxembourg

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: he

text: lived

text: in

text: West

text: Germany

text: In

text: he

text: won

text: in

text: Bad

text: Harzburg

text: In

text: he

text: tied

text: for

text: behind

text: Ludwig

text: Rellstab

text: in

text: Stuttgart

text: In

text: he

text: tied

text: for

text: in

text: Leipzig

text: GER

text: ch

text: Wolfgang

text: Unzicker

text: won

text: Awarded

text: the

text: IM

text: title

text: in

text: His

text: son

text: Herbert

text: Ahues

text: was

text: famous

text: chess

text: composer

text: A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land. Port locations are selected to optimize access to land and navigable water, for commercial demand, and for shelter from wind and waves. Ports with deeper water are rarer, but can handle larger ships. Since ports throughout history handled every kind of traffic, support and storage facilities vary widely, may extend for miles, and dominate the local economy. Some ports have an important military role.

text: port

text: is

text: location

text: on

text: coast

text: or

text: shore

text: containing

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: harbors

text: where

text: ships

text: can

text: dock

text: and

text: transfer

text: people

text: or

text: cargo

text: to

text: or

text: from

text: land

text: Port

text: locations

text: are

text: selected

text: to

text: optimize

text: access

text: to

text: land

text: and

text: navigable

text: water

text: for

text: commercial

text: demand

text: and

text: for

text: shelter

text: from

text: wind

text: and

text: waves

text: Ports

text: with

text: deeper

text: water

text: are

text: rarer

text: but

text: can

text: handle

text: larger

text: ships

text: Since

text: ports

text: throughout

text: history

text: handled

text: every

text: kind

text: of

text: traffic

text: support

text: and

text: storage

text: facilities

text: vary

text: widely

text: may

text: extend

text: for

text: miles

text: and

text: dominate

text: the

text: local

text: economy

text: Some

text: ports

text: have

text: an

text: important

text: military

text: role

text: Paul Charles Morphy (June 22, 1837  July 10, 1884) was an American chess player. He is considered to have been the greatest chess master of his era and an unofficial World Chess Champion. He was a chess prodigy. He was called "The Pride and Sorrow of Chess" because he had a brief and brilliant chess career, but retired from the game while still young. Bobby Fischer included him in his list of the ten greatest players of all time, and described him as "perhaps the most accurate player who ever lived".

text: Paul

text: Charles

text: Morphy

text: June

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: chess

text: player

text: He

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: greatest

text: chess

text: master

text: of

text: his

text: era

text: and

text: an

text: unofficial

text: World

text: Chess

text: Champion

text: He

text: was

text: chess

text: prodigy

text: He

text: was

text: called

text: The

text: Pride

text: and

text: Sorrow

text: of

text: Chess

text: because

text: he

text: had

text: brief

text: and

text: brilliant

text: chess

text: career

text: but

text: retired

text: from

text: the

text: game

text: while

text: still

text: young

text: Bobby

text: Fischer

text: included

text: him

text: in

text: his

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: ten

text: greatest

text: players

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: and

text: described

text: him

text: as

text: perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: accurate

text: player

text: who

text: ever

text: lived

text: Düsseldorf (Low Franconian, Ripuarian: "Düsseldörp" ) is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the seventh most populous city in Germany. Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre, renowned for its fashion and trade fairs. The city is headquarters to one Fortune Global 500 and two DAX companies. Messe Düsseldorf organises nearly one fifth of premier trade shows.

text: Düsseldorf

text: Low

text: Franconian

text: Ripuarian

text: Düsseldörp

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: Düsseldorf

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: business

text: and

text: financial

text: centre

text: renowned

text: for

text: its

text: fashion

text: and

text: trade

text: fairs

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: headquarters

text: to

text: one

text: Fortune

text: Global

text: and

text: two

text: DAX

text: companies

text: Messe

text: Düsseldorf

text: organises

text: nearly

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: premier

text: trade

text: shows

text: Ksawery Tartakower (also known as "Saviely" or Savielly Tartakower in English, less often "Xavier Tartacover" or "Xavier Tartakover"; 18871956) was a leading Polish and French chess grandmaster. He was also a leading chess journalist and author of the 1920s and 1930s whose books remain popular even today. Tartakower is remembered for his sharp wit and aphorisms.

text: Ksawery

text: Tartakower

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Saviely

text: or

text: Savielly

text: Tartakower

text: in

text: English

text: less

text: often

text: Xavier

text: Tartacover

text: or

text: Xavier

text: Tartakover

text: was

text: leading

text: Polish

text: and

text: French

text: chess

text: grandmaster

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: leading

text: chess

text: journalist

text: and

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: whose

text: books

text: remain

text: popular

text: even

text: today

text: Tartakower

text: is

text: remembered

text: for

text: his

text: sharp

text: wit

text: and

text: aphorisms

text: The Franks (or ') are historically first known as a group of Germanic tribes that inhabited the land between the Lower and Middle Rhine in the 3rd century AD, and second as the people of Gaul who merged with the Gallo-Roman populations during succeeding centuries, passing on their name to modern-day France and becoming part of the heritage of the modern French people. Some Franks raided Roman territory, while other Frankish tribes joined the Roman troops of Gaul. In later times, Franks became the military rulers of the northern part of Roman Gaul. With the coronation of their ruler Charlemagne as ' by Pope Leo III in 800 AD, he and his successors were recognised as legitimate successors to the emperors of the Western Roman Empire.

text: The

text: Franks

text: or

text: are

text: historically

text: first

text: known

text: as

text: group

text: of

text: Germanic

text: tribes

text: that

text: inhabited

text: the

text: land

text: between

text: the

text: Lower

text: and

text: Middle

text: Rhine

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: and

text: second

text: as

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: Gaul

text: who

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: Gallo

text: Roman

text: populations

text: during

text: succeeding

text: centuries

text: passing

text: on

text: their

text: name

text: to

text: modern

text: day

text: France

text: and

text: becoming

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: heritage

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: French

text: people

text: Some

text: Franks

text: raided

text: Roman

text: territory

text: while

text: other

text: Frankish

text: tribes

text: joined

text: the

text: Roman

text: troops

text: of

text: Gaul

text: In

text: later

text: times

text: Franks

text: became

text: the

text: military

text: rulers

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: Roman

text: Gaul

text: With

text: the

text: coronation

text: of

text: their

text: ruler

text: Charlemagne

text: as

text: by

text: Pope

text: Leo

text: III

text: in

text: AD

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: successors

text: were

text: recognised

text: as

text: legitimate

text: successors

text: to

text: the

text: emperors

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a chessboard, a checkered gameboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Chess is played by millions of people worldwide, both amateurs and professionals.

text: Chess

text: is

text: two

text: player

text: strategy

text: board

text: game

text: played

text: on

text: chessboard

text: checkered

text: gameboard

text: with

text: squares

text: arranged

text: in

text: an

text: eight

text: by

text: eight

text: grid

text: Chess

text: is

text: played

text: by

text: millions

text: of

text: people

text: worldwide

text: both

text: amateurs

text: and

text: professionals

text:
Duisburg is a German city in the western part of the Ruhr Area ("Ruhrgebiet") in North Rhine-Westphalia. It is an independent metropolitan borough within Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf. With the world's biggest inland harbor and its proximity to Düsseldorf Airport, Duisburg has become an important venue for commerce and steel production.
In the early Middle Ages it was a royal court of the Franks, first mentioned in writing in 883.

text: Duisburg

text: is

text: German

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Ruhr

text: Area

text: Ruhrgebiet

text: in

text: North

text: Rhine

text: Westphalia

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: metropolitan

text: borough

text: within

text: Regierungsbezirk

text: Düsseldorf

text: With

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: biggest

text: inland

text: harbor

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: Düsseldorf

text: Airport

text: Duisburg

text: has

text: become

text: an

text: important

text: venue

text: for

text: commerce

text: and

text: steel

text: production

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: it

text: was

text: royal

text: court

text: of

text: the

text: Franks

text: first

text: mentioned

text: in

text: writing

text: in

annotations: follows multiple

question: occupation carl ahues

answer: chess player

text: chess player

text: chess player

text: chess player

text: chess player


text: Opera (English plural: "operas"; Italian plural: "opere" ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. In traditional opera, singers do two types of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style and arias, a more melodic style. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor.

text: Opera

text: English

text: plural

text: operas

text: Italian

text: plural

text: opere

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: in

text: which

text: singers

text: and

text: musicians

text: perform

text: dramatic

text: work

text: combining

text: text

text: libretto

text: and

text: musical

text: score

text: usually

text: in

text: theatrical

text: setting

text: In

text: traditional

text: opera

text: singers

text: do

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: singing

text: recitative

text: speech

text: inflected

text: style

text: and

text: arias

text: more

text: melodic

text: style

text: Opera

text: incorporates

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: of

text: spoken

text: theatre

text: such

text: as

text: acting

text: scenery

text: and

text: costumes

text: and

text: sometimes

text: includes

text: dance

text: The

text: performance

text: is

text: typically

text: given

text: in

text: an

text: opera

text: house

text: accompanied

text: by

text: an

text: orchestra

text: or

text: smaller

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: which

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: has

text: been

text: led

text: by

text: conductor

text: Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is primarily known for his operas (or, as some of his later works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Weber and Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the "Gesamtkunstwerk" ("total work of art"), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle "Der Ring des Nibelungen" ("The Ring of the Nibelung").

text: Wilhelm

text: Richard

text: Wagner

text: May

text: February

text: was

text: German

text: composer

text: theatre

text: director

text: polemicist

text: and

text: conductor

text: who

text: is

text: primarily

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: operas

text: or

text: as

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: later

text: works

text: were

text: later

text: known

text: music

text: dramas

text: Unlike

text: most

text: opera

text: composers

text: Wagner

text: wrote

text: both

text: the

text: libretto

text: and

text: the

text: music

text: for

text: each

text: of

text: his

text: stage

text: works

text: Initially

text: establishing

text: his

text: reputation

text: as

text: composer

text: of

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: romantic

text: vein

text: of

text: Weber

text: and

text: Meyerbeer

text: Wagner

text: revolutionised

text: opera

text: through

text: his

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: Gesamtkunstwerk

text: total

text: work

text: of

text: art

text: by

text: which

text: he

text: sought

text: to

text: synthesise

text: the

text: poetic

text: visual

text: musical

text: and

text: dramatic

text: arts

text: with

text: music

text: subsidiary

text: to

text: drama

text: He

text: described

text: this

text: vision

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: essays

text: published

text: between

text: and

text: Wagner

text: realised

text: these

text: ideas

text: most

text: fully

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: opera

text: cycle

text: Der

text: Ring

text: des

text: Nibelungen

text: The

text: Ring

text: of

text: the

text: Nibelung

text: The story of "Die Walküre" is based on the Norse mythology told in the "Volsunga Saga" and the "Poetic Edda". In Norse mythology, a valkyrie is one in a group of female figures who decide which soldiers die in battle and which live. ""'s best-known excerpt is the "Ride of the Valkyries".

text: The

text: story

text: of

text: Die

text: Walküre

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: told

text: in

text: the

text: Volsunga

text: Saga

text: and

text: the

text: Poetic

text: Edda

text: In

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: valkyrie

text: is

text: one

text: in

text: group

text: of

text: female

text: figures

text: who

text: decide

text: which

text: soldiers

text: die

text: in

text: battle

text: and

text: which

text: live

text: 's

text: best

text: known

text: excerpt

text: is

text: the

text: Ride

text: of

text: the

text: Valkyries

text: Poetic Edda is the modern attribution for an unnamed collection of Old Norse anonymous poems, which is different from the Edda, written by Snorri Sturluson. Several versions exist, all consisting primarily of text from the Icelandic mediaeval manuscript known as the "Codex Regius". The "Codex Regius" is arguably the most important extant source on Norse mythology and Germanic heroic legends, and from the early 19th century onwards, it has had a powerful influence on later Scandinavian literatures, not merely by the stories it contains but also by the visionary force and dramatic quality of many of the poems. It has also become an inspiring model for many later innovations in poetic meter, particularly in Nordic languages, offering many varied examples of terse, stress-based metrical schemes working without any final rhyme by instead using alliterative devices and strongly-concentrated imagery. Poets who have acknowledged their debt to the Codex Regius include Vilhelm Ekelund, August Strindberg, J.R.R. Tolkien, Ezra Pound, Jorge Luis Borges, and Karin Boye.

text: Poetic

text: Edda

text: is

text: the

text: modern

text: attribution

text: for

text: an

text: unnamed

text: collection

text: of

text: Old

text: Norse

text: anonymous

text: poems

text: which

text: is

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: Edda

text: written

text: by

text: Snorri

text: Sturluson

text: Several

text: versions

text: exist

text: all

text: consisting

text: primarily

text: of

text: text

text: from

text: the

text: Icelandic

text: mediaeval

text: manuscript

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Codex

text: Regius

text: The

text: Codex

text: Regius

text: is

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: extant

text: source

text: on

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: and

text: Germanic

text: heroic

text: legends

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: onwards

text: it

text: has

text: had

text: powerful

text: influence

text: on

text: later

text: Scandinavian

text: literatures

text: not

text: merely

text: by

text: the

text: stories

text: it

text: contains

text: but

text: also

text: by

text: the

text: visionary

text: force

text: and

text: dramatic

text: quality

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: poems

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: become

text: an

text: inspiring

text: model

text: for

text: many

text: later

text: innovations

text: in

text: poetic

text: meter

text: particularly

text: in

text: Nordic

text: languages

text: offering

text: many

text: varied

text: examples

text: of

text: terse

text: stress

text: based

text: metrical

text: schemes

text: working

text: without

text: any

text: final

text: rhyme

text: by

text: instead

text: using

text: alliterative

text: devices

text: and

text: strongly

text: concentrated

text: imagery

text: Poets

text: who

text: have

text: acknowledged

text: their

text: debt

text: to

text: the

text: Codex

text: Regius

text: include

text: Vilhelm

text: Ekelund

text: August

text: Strindberg

text: J.R.R.

text: Tolkien

text: Ezra

text: Pound

text: Jorge

text: Luis

text: Borges

text: and

text: Karin

text: Boye

text:
Wagner wrote the libretto and music over the course of about twenty-six years, from 1848 to 1874. The four parts that constitute the "Ring" cycle are, in sequence:
Although individual works of the sequence have occasionally been performed separately, Wagner intended them to be performed in series. The first performance as a cycle opened the first Bayreuth Festival in 1876, beginning with "Das Rheingold" on 13 August and ending with "Götterdämmerung" on 17 August.

text: Wagner

text: wrote

text: the

text: libretto

text: and

text: music

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: about

text: twenty

text: six

text: years

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: four

text: parts

text: that

text: constitute

text: the

text: Ring

text: cycle

text: are

text: in

text: sequence

text: Although

text: individual

text: works

text: of

text: the

text: sequence

text: have

text: occasionally

text: been

text: performed

text: separately

text: Wagner

text: intended

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: performed

text: in

text: series

text: The

text: first

text: performance

text: as

text: cycle

text: opened

text: the

text: first

text: Bayreuth

text: Festival

text: in

text: beginning

text: with

text: Das

text: Rheingold

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: ending

text: with

text: Götterdämmerung

text: on

text: August

text: A libretto is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. The term "libretto" is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as the Mass, requiem and sacred cantata, or the story line of a ballet.

text: libretto

text: is

text: the

text: text

text: used

text: in

text: or

text: intended

text: for

text: an

text: extended

text: musical

text: work

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: opera

text: operetta

text: masque

text: oratorio

text: cantata

text: or

text: musical

text: The

text: term

text: libretto

text: is

text: also

text: sometimes

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: text

text: of

text: major

text: liturgical

text: works

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Mass

text: requiem

text: and

text: sacred

text: cantata

text: or

text: the

text: story

text: line

text: of

text: ballet

text: The title is a translation into German of the Old Norse phrase "", which in Norse mythology refers to a prophesied war among various beings and gods that ultimately results in the burning, immersion in water, and renewal of the world. However, as with the rest of the "Ring", Wagner's account diverges significantly from his Old Norse sources.

text: The

text: title

text: is

text: translation

text: into

text: German

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Norse

text: phrase

text: which

text: in

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: refers

text: to

text: prophesied

text: war

text: among

text: various

text: beings

text: and

text: gods

text: that

text: ultimately

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: burning

text: immersion

text: in

text: water

text: and

text: renewal

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: However

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Ring

text: Wagner

text: 's

text: account

text: diverges

text: significantly

text: from

text: his

text: Old

text: Norse

text: sources

text: The Bayreuth Festival is a music festival held annually in Bayreuth, Germany, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented. Wagner himself conceived and promoted the idea of a special festival to showcase his own works, in particular his monumental cycle "" and "Parsifal".

text: The

text: Bayreuth

text: Festival

text: is

text: music

text: festival

text: held

text: annually

text: in

text: Bayreuth

text: Germany

text: at

text: which

text: performances

text: of

text: operas

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: German

text: composer

text: Richard

text: Wagner

text: are

text: presented

text: Wagner

text: himself

text: conceived

text: and

text: promoted

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: special

text: festival

text: to

text: showcase

text: his

text: own

text: works

text: in

text: particular

text: his

text: monumental

text: cycle

text: and

text: Parsifal

text: In Norse mythology, a valkyrie (from Old Norse "valkyrja" "chooser of the slain") is one of a host of female figures who choose those who may die in battle and those who may live. Selecting half of those who die in battle, the valkyries bring their chosen to the afterlife hall of the slain, Valhalla, ruled over by the god Odin (the other half go to the goddess Freyja's afterlife field Fólkvangr). There, the deceased warriors become einherjar (Old Norse "single (or once) fighters"). When the einherjar are not preparing for the events of Ragnarök, the valkyries bear them mead. Valkyries also appear as lovers of heroes and other mortals, where they are sometimes described as the daughters of royalty, sometimes accompanied by ravens and sometimes connected to swans or horses.

text: In

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: valkyrie

text: from

text: Old

text: Norse

text: valkyrja

text: chooser

text: of

text: the

text: slain

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: host

text: of

text: female

text: figures

text: who

text: choose

text: those

text: who

text: may

text: die

text: in

text: battle

text: and

text: those

text: who

text: may

text: live

text: Selecting

text: half

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: die

text: in

text: battle

text: the

text: valkyries

text: bring

text: their

text: chosen

text: to

text: the

text: afterlife

text: hall

text: of

text: the

text: slain

text: Valhalla

text: ruled

text: over

text: by

text: the

text: god

text: Odin

text: the

text: other

text: half

text: go

text: to

text: the

text: goddess

text: Freyja

text: 's

text: afterlife

text: field

text: Fólkvangr

text: There

text: the

text: deceased

text: warriors

text: become

text: einherjar

text: Old

text: Norse

text: single

text: or

text: once

text: fighters

text: When

text: the

text: einherjar

text: are

text: not

text: preparing

text: for

text: the

text: events

text: of

text: Ragnarök

text: the

text: valkyries

text: bear

text: them

text: mead

text: Valkyries

text: also

text: appear

text: as

text: lovers

text: of

text: heroes

text: and

text: other

text: mortals

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: sometimes

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: daughters

text: of

text: royalty

text: sometimes

text: accompanied

text: by

text: ravens

text: and

text: sometimes

text: connected

text: to

text: swans

text: or

text: horses

text: The German Nibelungen  with the corresponding Old Norse form Niflung (Niflungr; pl. Niflungar)  is the name in Germanic and Norse mythology of the royal family or lineage of the Burgundians who settled in the early 5th century at Worms.

text: The

text: German

text: Nibelungen

text: with

text: the

text: corresponding

text: Old

text: Norse

text: form

text: Niflung

text: Niflungr

text: pl

text: Niflungar

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: in

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: of

text: the

text: royal

text: family

text: or

text: lineage

text: of

text: the

text: Burgundians

text: who

text: settled

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: at

text: Worms

text: A polemic is contentious rhetoric that is intended to support a specific position. Polemics are mostly seen in arguments about controversial topics. The practice of such argumentation is called "polemics". A person who often writes polemics, or who speaks polemically, is called a "polemicist". The word is derived , .

text: polemic

text: is

text: contentious

text: rhetoric

text: that

text: is

text: intended

text: to

text: support

text: specific

text: position

text: Polemics

text: are

text: mostly

text: seen

text: in

text: arguments

text: about

text: controversial

text: topics

text: The

text: practice

text: of

text: such

text: argumentation

text: is

text: called

text: polemics

text: person

text: who

text: often

text: writes

text: polemics

text: or

text: who

text: speaks

text: polemically

text: is

text: called

text: polemicist

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: derived

text: The `` Ride of the Valkyries '' ( German : Walkürenritt or Ritt der Walküren ) is the popular term for the beginning of act 3 of Die Walküre , the second of the four operas by Richard Wagner that constitute Der Ring des Nibelungen . As a separate piece , the `` Ride '' is often heard in a purely instrumental version , which may be as short as three minutes . Together with the `` Bridal Chorus '' from Lohengrin , the Ride of the Valkyries is one of Wagner 's best - known pieces .

text: The

text: Ride

text: of

text: the

text: Valkyries

text: German

text: Walkürenritt

text: or

text: Ritt

text: der

text: Walküren

text: is

text: the

text: popular

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: act

text: of

text: Die

text: Walküre

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: operas

text: by

text: Richard

text: Wagner

text: that

text: constitute

text: Der

text: Ring

text: des

text: Nibelungen

text: As

text: separate

text: piece

text: the

text: Ride

text: is

text: often

text: heard

text: in

text: purely

text: instrumental

text: version

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: as

text: short

text: as

text: three

text: minutes

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: Bridal

text: Chorus

text: from

text: Lohengrin

text: the

text: Ride

text: of

text: the

text: Valkyries

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Wagner

text: 's

text: best

text: known

text: pieces

text: Das Rheingold (The Rhinegold), WWV 86A, is the first of the four music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's "Der Ring des Nibelungen," or in English, 'The Ring of the Nibelung.'

text: Das

text: Rheingold

text: The

text: Rhinegold

text: WWV

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: music

text: dramas

text: that

text: constitute

text: Richard

text: Wagner

text: 's

text: Der

text: Ring

text: des

text: Nibelungen

text: or

text: in

text: English

text: The

text: Ring

text: of

text: the

text: Nibelung

text: A Gesamtkunstwerk (translated as "total work of art", "ideal work of art", "universal artwork", "synthesis of the arts", "comprehensive artwork", "all-embracing art form" or "total artwork") is a work of art that makes use of all or many art forms or strives to do so. The term is a German word which has come to be accepted in English as a term in aesthetics.

text: Gesamtkunstwerk

text: translated

text: as

text: total

text: work

text: of

text: art

text: ideal

text: work

text: of

text: art

text: universal

text: artwork

text: synthesis

text: of

text: the

text: arts

text: comprehensive

text: artwork

text: all

text: embracing

text: art

text: form

text: or

text: total

text: artwork

text: is

text: work

text: of

text: art

text: that

text: makes

text: use

text: of

text: all

text: or

text: many

text: art

text: forms

text: or

text: strives

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: German

text: word

text: which

text: has

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: accepted

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: term

text: in

text: aesthetics

text: Norse mythology is the body of mythology of the North Germanic people stemming from Norse paganism and continuing after the Christianization of Scandinavia and into the Scandinavian folklore of the modern period. The northernmost extension of Germanic mythology, Norse mythology consists of tales of various deities, beings, and heroes derived from numerous sources from both before and after the pagan period, including medieval manuscripts, archaeological representations, and folk tradition.

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: mythology

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Germanic

text: people

text: stemming

text: from

text: Norse

text: paganism

text: and

text: continuing

text: after

text: the

text: Christianization

text: of

text: Scandinavia

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: folklore

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: northernmost

text: extension

text: of

text: Germanic

text: mythology

text: Norse

text: mythology

text: consists

text: of

text: tales

text: of

text: various

text: deities

text: beings

text: and

text: heroes

text: derived

text: from

text: numerous

text: sources

text: from

text: both

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: pagan

text: period

text: including

text: medieval

text: manuscripts

text: archaeological

text: representations

text: and

text: folk

text: tradition

text: Bayreuth is a sizeable town in northern Bavaria, Germany, on the Red Main river in a valley between the Franconian Jura and the Fichtelgebirge Mountains. The town's roots date back to 1194. In the early 21st century, it is the capital of Upper Franconia and has a population of 72,576 (2009). It is world-famous for its annual Bayreuth Festival, at which performances of operas by the 19th-century German composer Richard Wagner are presented.

text: Bayreuth

text: is

text: sizeable

text: town

text: in

text: northern

text: Bavaria

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: Red

text: Main

text: river

text: in

text: valley

text: between

text: the

text: Franconian

text: Jura

text: and

text: the

text: Fichtelgebirge

text: Mountains

text: The

text: town

text: 's

text: roots

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Upper

text: Franconia

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: world

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: annual

text: Bayreuth

text: Festival

text: at

text: which

text: performances

text: of

text: operas

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: German

text: composer

text: Richard

text: Wagner

text: are

text: presented

text: Recitative (also known by its Italian name "recitativo") is a style of delivery (much used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech. Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition.

text: Recitative

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Italian

text: name

text: recitativo

text: is

text: style

text: of

text: delivery

text: much

text: used

text: in

text: operas

text: oratorios

text: and

text: cantatas

text: in

text: which

text: singer

text: is

text: allowed

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: rhythms

text: of

text: ordinary

text: speech

text: Recitative

text: does

text: not

text: repeat

text: lines

text: as

text: formally

text: composed

text: songs

text: do

text: It

text: resembles

text: sung

text: ordinary

text: speech

text: more

text: than

text: formal

text: musical

text: composition

question: instance_of ride of the valkyries

answer: musical composition

text: musical composition