text: The Rocky Mountains, commonly known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. Within the North American Cordillera, the Rockies are somewhat distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada which all lie further to the west.

text: The

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Rockies

text: are

text: major

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: western

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: stretch

text: more

text: than

text: from

text: the

text: northernmost

text: part

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: in

text: western

text: Canada

text: to

text: New

text: Mexico

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: United

text: States

text: Within

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: Cordillera

text: the

text: Rockies

text: are

text: somewhat

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Coast

text: Ranges

text: and

text: the

text: Cascade

text: Range

text: and

text: Sierra

text: Nevada

text: which

text: all

text: lie

text: further

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region.

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Saskatchewan

text: River

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Edmonton

text: Capital

text: Region

text: which

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: Alberta

text: 's

text: central

text: region

text: Toronto is the most populous city in Canada, the provincial capital of Ontario, and the centre of the Greater Toronto Area, the most populous metropolitan area in Canada. Growing in population, the 2011 census recorded a population of 2,615,060. As of 2015, the population is now estimated at 2,826,498, making Toronto the fourth-largest city in North America based on the population within its city limits. Toronto trails only Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles by this measure, while it is the fifth-largest (behind also Chicago) if ranked by the size of its metropolitan area . An established global city, Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and widely recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world.

text: Toronto

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Canada

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: Ontario

text: and

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: Toronto

text: Area

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: Canada

text: Growing

text: in

text: population

text: the

text: census

text: recorded

text: population

text: of

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: now

text: estimated

text: at

text: making

text: Toronto

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: population

text: within

text: its

text: city

text: limits

text: Toronto

text: trails

text: only

text: Mexico

text: City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: by

text: this

text: measure

text: while

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: behind

text: also

text: Chicago

text: if

text: ranked

text: by

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: its

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: An

text: established

text: global

text: city

text: Toronto

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: centre

text: of

text: business

text: finance

text: arts

text: and

text: culture

text: and

text: widely

text: recognized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: multicultural

text: and

text: cosmopolitan

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term "tundra" comes through Russian  ("tûndra") from the Kildin Sami word "tndâr" "uplands", "treeless mountain tract". There are three types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, and Antarctic tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline.

text: In

text: physical

text: geography

text: tundra

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: biome

text: where

text: the

text: tree

text: growth

text: is

text: hindered

text: by

text: low

text: temperatures

text: and

text: short

text: growing

text: seasons

text: The

text: term

text: tundra

text: comes

text: through

text: Russian

text: tûndra

text: from

text: the

text: Kildin

text: Sami

text: word

text: tndâr

text: uplands

text: treeless

text: mountain

text: tract

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: types

text: of

text: tundra

text: Arctic

text: tundra

text: alpine

text: tundra

text: and

text: Antarctic

text: tundra

text: In

text: tundra

text: the

text: vegetation

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: dwarf

text: shrubs

text: sedges

text: and

text: grasses

text: mosses

text: and

text: lichens

text: Scattered

text: trees

text: grow

text: in

text: some

text: tundra

text: regions

text: The

text: ecotone

text: or

text: ecological

text: boundary

text: region

text: between

text: the

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: forest

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: tree

text: line

text: or

text: timberline

text: Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province.

text: Vancouver

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Vancouver

text: is

text: coastal

text: seaport

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: Montreal officially Montréal in both Canadian English and French, is the most populous municipality in Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada. Originally called "Ville-Marie", or "City of Mary," it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The city is on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold snowy winters.

text: Montreal

text: officially

text: Montréal

text: in

text: both

text: Canadian

text: English

text: and

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: in

text: Quebec

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: Canada

text: Originally

text: called

text: Ville

text: Marie

text: or

text: City

text: of

text: Mary

text: it

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Mount

text: Royal

text: the

text: triple

text: peaked

text: hill

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: Island

text: of

text: Montreal

text: which

text: took

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: source

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: few

text: much

text: smaller

text: peripheral

text: islands

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: Île

text: Bizard

text: It

text: has

text: distinct

text: four

text: season

text: continental

text: climate

text: with

text: warm

text: to

text: hot

text: summers

text: and

text: cold

text: snowy

text: winters

text: An oil platform, offshore platform, or (colloquially) oil rig is a large structure with facilities to drill wells (optionally), to extract and process oil and natural gas, or to temporarily store product until it can be brought to shore for refining and marketing. In many cases, the platform contains facilities to house the workforce as well.

text: An

text: oil

text: platform

text: offshore

text: platform

text: or

text: colloquially

text: oil

text: rig

text: is

text: large

text: structure

text: with

text: facilities

text: to

text: drill

text: wells

text: optionally

text: to

text: extract

text: and

text: process

text: oil

text: and

text: natural

text: gas

text: or

text: to

text: temporarily

text: store

text: product

text: until

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: brought

text: to

text: shore

text: for

text: refining

text: and

text: marketing

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: the

text: platform

text: contains

text: facilities

text: to

text: house

text: the

text: workforce

text: as

text: well

text: A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and abiogenic in origin. A mineral has one specific chemical composition, whereas a rock can be an aggregate of different minerals or mineraloids. The study of minerals is called mineralogy.

text: mineral

text: is

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: chemical

text: compound

text: usually

text: of

text: crystalline

text: form

text: and

text: abiogenic

text: in

text: origin

text: mineral

text: has

text: one

text: specific

text: chemical

text: composition

text: whereas

text: rock

text: can

text: be

text: an

text: aggregate

text: of

text: different

text: minerals

text: or

text: mineraloids

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: minerals

text: is

text: called

text: mineralogy

text: A drilling rig is a machine that creates holes in the earth sub-surface. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person and are called augers. Drilling rigs can sample sub-surface mineral deposits, test rock, soil and groundwater physical properties, and also can be used to install sub-surface fabrications, such as underground utilities, instrumentation, tunnels or wells. Drilling rigs can be mobile equipment mounted on trucks, tracks or trailers, or more permanent land or marine-based structures (such as oil platforms, commonly called 'offshore oil rigs' even if they don't contain a drilling rig). The term "rig" therefore generally refers to the complex of equipment that is used to penetrate the surface of the Earth's crust.

text: drilling

text: rig

text: is

text: machine

text: that

text: creates

text: holes

text: in

text: the

text: earth

text: sub

text: surface

text: Drilling

text: rigs

text: can

text: be

text: massive

text: structures

text: housing

text: equipment

text: used

text: to

text: drill

text: water

text: wells

text: oil

text: wells

text: or

text: natural

text: gas

text: extraction

text: wells

text: or

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: small

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: moved

text: manually

text: by

text: one

text: person

text: and

text: are

text: called

text: augers

text: Drilling

text: rigs

text: can

text: sample

text: sub

text: surface

text: mineral

text: deposits

text: test

text: rock

text: soil

text: and

text: groundwater

text: physical

text: properties

text: and

text: also

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: install

text: sub

text: surface

text: fabrications

text: such

text: as

text: underground

text: utilities

text: instrumentation

text: tunnels

text: or

text: wells

text: Drilling

text: rigs

text: can

text: be

text: mobile

text: equipment

text: mounted

text: on

text: trucks

text: tracks

text: or

text: trailers

text: or

text: more

text: permanent

text: land

text: or

text: marine

text: based

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: oil

text: platforms

text: commonly

text: called

text: offshore

text: oil

text: rigs

text: even

text: if

text: they

text: do

text: n't

text: contain

text: drilling

text: rig

text: The

text: term

text: rig

text: therefore

text: generally

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: complex

text: of

text: equipment

text: that

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: penetrate

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: crust

text: A water well is an excavation or structure created in the ground by digging, driving, boring, or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by a pump, or using containers, such as buckets, that are raised mechanically or by hand. Wells were first constructed at least eight thousand years ago and historically vary in construction from a simple scoop in the sediment of a dry watercourse to the stepwells of India, the qanats of Iran, and the shadoofs and sakiehs of India. Placing a lining in the well shaft helps create stability and linings of wood or wickerwork date back at least as far as the Iron Age.

text: water

text: well

text: is

text: an

text: excavation

text: or

text: structure

text: created

text: in

text: the

text: ground

text: by

text: digging

text: driving

text: boring

text: or

text: drilling

text: to

text: access

text: groundwater

text: in

text: underground

text: aquifers

text: The

text: well

text: water

text: is

text: drawn

text: by

text: pump

text: or

text: using

text: containers

text: such

text: as

text: buckets

text: that

text: are

text: raised

text: mechanically

text: or

text: by

text: hand

text: Wells

text: were

text: first

text: constructed

text: at

text: least

text: eight

text: thousand

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: historically

text: vary

text: in

text: construction

text: from

text: simple

text: scoop

text: in

text: the

text: sediment

text: of

text: dry

text: watercourse

text: to

text: the

text: stepwells

text: of

text: India

text: the

text: qanats

text: of

text: Iran

text: and

text: the

text: shadoofs

text: and

text: sakiehs

text: of

text: India

text: Placing

text: lining

text: in

text: the

text: well

text: shaft

text: helps

text: create

text: stability

text: and

text: linings

text: of

text: wood

text: or

text: wickerwork

text: date

text: back

text: at

text: least

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: Quebec City (pronounced or ) officially Québec) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. In 2015 the city had a population estimate of 545,485, and the metropolitan area had a population of 806,400, making it Canada's seventh-largest metropolitan area and Quebec's second-largest city after Montreal, which is about to the southwest.

text: Quebec

text: City

text: pronounced

text: or

text: officially

text: Québec

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Quebec

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: population

text: estimate

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: Canada

text: 's

text: seventh

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: and

text: Quebec

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: after

text: Montreal

text: which

text: is

text: about

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Calgary is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, about east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. In the 2011 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,096,833 and a metropolitan population of 1,214,839, making it the largest city in Alberta, and the third-largest municipality and fifth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada.

text: Calgary

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Bow

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Elbow

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: foothills

text: and

text: prairie

text: about

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: front

text: ranges

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Rockies

text: In

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Calgary

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Alberta

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: municipality

text: and

text: fifth

text: largest

text: census

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: CMA

text: in

text: Canada

text: Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec; the two form the core of the OttawaGatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). The 2011 census reported a population of 883,391, making it the fourth-largest city in Canada; and 1,236,324 within the CMA, making it the fourth-largest CMA in Canada. The City of Ottawa reported that the city had an estimated population of 960,754 as of December 2015.

text: Ottawa

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Canada

text: It

text: stands

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Ottawa

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: southern

text: Ontario

text: Ottawa

text: borders

text: Gatineau

text: Quebec

text: the

text: two

text: form

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: OttawaGatineau

text: census

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: CMA

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Capital

text: Region

text: NCR

text: The

text: census

text: reported

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: CMA

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: CMA

text: in

text: Canada

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Ottawa

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: December

text: Precision Drilling Corporation is the largest drilling rig contractor in Canada , also providing oil field rental and supplies . Operations expanded from 3 drilling rigs in 1984 to over 240 + drilling rigs and worldwide operations .

text: Precision

text: Drilling

text: Corporation

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: drilling

text: rig

text: contractor

text: in

text: Canada

text: also

text: providing

text: oil

text: field

text: rental

text: and

text: supplies

text: Operations

text: expanded

text: from

text: drilling

text: rigs

text: in

text: to

text: over

text: drilling

text: rigs

text: and

text: worldwide

text: operations

text: Groundwater (or ground water) is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated with water is called the water table. Groundwater is recharged from, and eventually flows to, the surface naturally; natural discharge often occurs at springs and seeps, and can form oases or wetlands. Groundwater is also often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal, and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction wells. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is hydrogeology, also called groundwater hydrology.

text: Groundwater

text: or

text: ground

text: water

text: is

text: the

text: water

text: present

text: beneath

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: in

text: soil

text: pore

text: spaces

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: fractures

text: of

text: rock

text: formations

text: unit

text: of

text: rock

text: or

text: an

text: unconsolidated

text: deposit

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: aquifer

text: when

text: it

text: can

text: yield

text: usable

text: quantity

text: of

text: water

text: The

text: depth

text: at

text: which

text: soil

text: pore

text: spaces

text: or

text: fractures

text: and

text: voids

text: in

text: rock

text: become

text: completely

text: saturated

text: with

text: water

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: water

text: table

text: Groundwater

text: is

text: recharged

text: from

text: and

text: eventually

text: flows

text: to

text: the

text: surface

text: naturally

text: natural

text: discharge

text: often

text: occurs

text: at

text: springs

text: and

text: seeps

text: and

text: can

text: form

text: oases

text: or

text: wetlands

text: Groundwater

text: is

text: also

text: often

text: withdrawn

text: for

text: agricultural

text: municipal

text: and

text: industrial

text: use

text: by

text: constructing

text: and

text: operating

text: extraction

text: wells

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: distribution

text: and

text: movement

text: of

text: groundwater

text: is

text: hydrogeology

text: also

text: called

text: groundwater

text: hydrology

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

text: Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the longitudinal centre of North America, at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers.

text: Winnipeg

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Manitoba

text: in

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: longitudinal

text: centre

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: and

text: Assiniboine

text: Rivers

text: FOREST (short for "Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco") is a United Kingdom political pressure group which campaigns against tobacco control activity.

text: FOREST

text: short

text: for

text: Freedom

text: Organisation

text: for

text: the

text: Right

text: to

text: Enjoy

text: Smoking

text: Tobacco

text: is

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: political

text: pressure

text: group

text: which

text: campaigns

text: against

text: tobacco

text: control

text: activity

question: headquarters_location precision drilling

answer: calgary

text: calgary

text: calgary

text: calgary


text: Ericsson ("Telefonaktiebolaget L. M. Ericsson") is a multinational networking and telecommunications equipment and services company headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. The company offers services, software and infrastructure in information and communications technology (ICT) for telecommunications operators, traditional telecommunications and Internet Protocol (IP) networking equipment, mobile and fixed broadband, operations and business support services, cable television, IPTV, video systems, and an extensive services operation. Ericsson had 35% market share in the 2G/3G/4G mobile network infrastructure market in 2012.

text: Ericsson

text: Telefonaktiebolaget

text: Ericsson

text: is

text: multinational

text: networking

text: and

text: telecommunications

text: equipment

text: and

text: services

text: company

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Stockholm

text: Sweden

text: The

text: company

text: offers

text: services

text: software

text: and

text: infrastructure

text: in

text: information

text: and

text: communications

text: technology

text: ICT

text: for

text: telecommunications

text: operators

text: traditional

text: telecommunications

text: and

text: Internet

text: Protocol

text: IP

text: networking

text: equipment

text: mobile

text: and

text: fixed

text: broadband

text: operations

text: and

text: business

text: support

text: services

text: cable

text: television

text: IPTV

text: video

text: systems

text: and

text: an

text: extensive

text: services

text: operation

text: Ericsson

text: had

text: market

text: share

text: in

text: the

text: mobile

text: network

text: infrastructure

text: market

text: in

text: PlayStation Network (PSN) is a digital media entertainment service provided by Sony Interactive Entertainment. Launched in November 2006, PSN was originally conceived for the PlayStation video game consoles, but soon extended to encompass smartphones, tablets, Blu-ray players and high-definition televisions. As of April 2016, over 110 million users have been documented, with 65 million of them active monthly.

text: PlayStation

text: Network

text: PSN

text: is

text: digital

text: media

text: entertainment

text: service

text: provided

text: by

text: Sony

text: Interactive

text: Entertainment

text: Launched

text: in

text: November

text: PSN

text: was

text: originally

text: conceived

text: for

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: video

text: game

text: consoles

text: but

text: soon

text: extended

text: to

text: encompass

text: smartphones

text: tablets

text: Blu

text: ray

text: players

text: and

text: high

text: definition

text: televisions

text: As

text: of

text: April

text: over

text: million

text: users

text: have

text: been

text: documented

text: with

text: million

text: of

text: them

text: active

text: monthly

text: Downloadable content (DLC) is additional content created for a released video game. It is distributed through the Internet by the game's official publisher. Downloadable content can be of several types, ranging from aesthetic outfit changes to a new, extensive storyline, similar to an expansion pack. As such, DLC may add new game modes, objects, levels, challenges or other features to a complete, already released game.

text: Downloadable

text: content

text: DLC

text: is

text: additional

text: content

text: created

text: for

text: released

text: video

text: game

text: It

text: is

text: distributed

text: through

text: the

text: Internet

text: by

text: the

text: game

text: 's

text: official

text: publisher

text: Downloadable

text: content

text: can

text: be

text: of

text: several

text: types

text: ranging

text: from

text: aesthetic

text: outfit

text: changes

text: to

text: new

text: extensive

text: storyline

text: similar

text: to

text: an

text: expansion

text: pack

text: As

text: such

text: DLC

text: may

text: add

text: new

text: game

text: modes

text: objects

text: levels

text: challenges

text: or

text: other

text: features

text: to

text: complete

text: already

text: released

text: game

text: A video game is an electronic game that involves human or animal interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word "video" in "video game" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.

text: video

text: game

text: is

text: an

text: electronic

text: game

text: that

text: involves

text: human

text: or

text: animal

text: interaction

text: with

text: user

text: interface

text: to

text: generate

text: visual

text: feedback

text: on

text: video

text: device

text: such

text: as

text: TV

text: screen

text: or

text: computer

text: monitor

text: The

text: word

text: video

text: in

text: video

text: game

text: traditionally

text: referred

text: to

text: raster

text: display

text: device

text: but

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: it

text: implies

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: display

text: device

text: that

text: can

text: produce

text: two-

text: or

text: three

text: dimensional

text: images

text: Some

text: theorists

text: categorize

text: video

text: games

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: but

text: this

text: designation

text: is

text: controversial

text: An electronic game is a game that employs electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play. Video game is the most common form today, and for this reason the terms are often mistakenly used synonymously. Other common forms of electronic game include such products as handheld electronic games, standalone systems (e.g. pinball, slot machines, or electro-mechanical arcade games), and exclusively non-visual products (e.g. audio games).

text: An

text: electronic

text: game

text: is

text: game

text: that

text: employs

text: electronics

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: interactive

text: system

text: with

text: which

text: player

text: can

text: play

text: Video

text: game

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: form

text: today

text: and

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: the

text: terms

text: are

text: often

text: mistakenly

text: used

text: synonymously

text: Other

text: common

text: forms

text: of

text: electronic

text: game

text: include

text: such

text: products

text: as

text: handheld

text: electronic

text: games

text: standalone

text: systems

text: e.g.

text: pinball

text: slot

text: machines

text: or

text: electro

text: mechanical

text: arcade

text: games

text: and

text: exclusively

text: non

text: visual

text: products

text: e.g.

text: audio

text: games

text: Sony Interactive Entertainment, LLC., doing business as Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc. (abbreviated as SIE and formerly known as Sony Computer Entertainment Inc. (SCE) and Sony Network Entertainment) is a multinational video game developer, product manufacturer and research and development company, and is an owned subsidiary and part of the Consumer Products and Services Group of Sony.

text: Sony

text: Interactive

text: Entertainment

text: LLC

text: doing

text: business

text: as

text: Sony

text: Interactive

text: Entertainment

text: Inc.

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: SIE

text: and

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Sony

text: Computer

text: Entertainment

text: Inc.

text: SCE

text: and

text: Sony

text: Network

text: Entertainment

text: is

text: multinational

text: video

text: game

text: developer

text: product

text: manufacturer

text: and

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: company

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: owned

text: subsidiary

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Consumer

text: Products

text: and

text: Services

text: Group

text: of

text: Sony

text: The PlayStation 3 (abbreviated as PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. It is the successor to PlayStation 2, and is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It competed with Microsoft's Xbox 360 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. It was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, November 17, 2006 in North America, and March 27, 2007 in Europe and Australia.

text: The

text: PlayStation

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: is

text: home

text: video

text: game

text: console

text: developed

text: by

text: Sony

text: Computer

text: Entertainment

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: PlayStation

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: brand

text: of

text: consoles

text: It

text: competed

text: with

text: Microsoft

text: 's

text: Xbox

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: Wii

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: seventh

text: generation

text: of

text: video

text: game

text: consoles

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: released

text: on

text: November

text: in

text: Japan

text: November

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: March

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: Digital media is any media that is encoded in a machine-readable format. Digital media can be created, viewed, distributed, modified and preserved on digital electronics devices. Computer programs and software; digital imagery, digital video; video games; web pages and websites, including social media; data and databases; digital audio, such as mp3s; and e-books are examples of digital media. Digital media are frequently contrasted with print media, such as printed books, newspapers and magazines, and other traditional or analog media, such as pictures, film or audio tape.

text: Digital

text: media

text: is

text: any

text: media

text: that

text: is

text: encoded

text: in

text: machine

text: readable

text: format

text: Digital

text: media

text: can

text: be

text: created

text: viewed

text: distributed

text: modified

text: and

text: preserved

text: on

text: digital

text: electronics

text: devices

text: Computer

text: programs

text: and

text: software

text: digital

text: imagery

text: digital

text: video

text: video

text: games

text: web

text: pages

text: and

text: websites

text: including

text: social

text: media

text: data

text: and

text: databases

text: digital

text: audio

text: such

text: as

text: and

text: books

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: digital

text: media

text: Digital

text: media

text: are

text: frequently

text: contrasted

text: with

text: print

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: printed

text: books

text: newspapers

text: and

text: magazines

text: and

text: other

text: traditional

text: or

text: analog

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: pictures

text: film

text: or

text: audio

text: tape

text: The PlayStation Store (also abbreviated as PSN Store) is a digital media store available to users of Sony's PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita and PlayStation Portable game consoles via the PlayStation Network. The store offers a range of downloadable content both for purchase and available free of charge. Available content includes full games, add-on content, playable demos, themes and game/movie trailers.

text: The

text: PlayStation

text: Store

text: also

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: PSN

text: Store

text: is

text: digital

text: media

text: store

text: available

text: to

text: users

text: of

text: Sony

text: 's

text: PlayStation

text: PlayStation

text: PlayStation

text: Vita

text: and

text: PlayStation

text: Portable

text: game

text: consoles

text: via

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: Network

text: The

text: store

text: offers

text: range

text: of

text: downloadable

text: content

text: both

text: for

text: purchase

text: and

text: available

text: free

text: of

text: charge

text: Available

text: content

text: includes

text: full

text: games

text: add

text: on

text: content

text: playable

text: demos

text: themes

text: and

text: game

text: movie

text: trailers

text: Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components  electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and TCL.

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: is

text: the

text: electronics

text: business

text: unit

text: and

text: the

text: parent

text: company

text: of

text: the

text: Sony

text: Group

text: which

text: is

text: engaged

text: in

text: business

text: through

text: its

text: four

text: operating

text: components

text: electronics

text: video

text: games

text: network

text: services

text: and

text: medical

text: business

text: motion

text: pictures

text: music

text: and

text: financial

text: services

text: These

text: make

text: Sony

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: comprehensive

text: entertainment

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Sony

text: 's

text: principal

text: business

text: operations

text: include

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Interactive

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Music

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Mobile

text: formerly

text: Sony

text: Ericsson

text: and

text: Sony

text: Financial

text: Sony

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: Semiconductor

text: sales

text: leaders

text: by

text: year

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: television

text: manufacturer

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Samsung

text: Electronics

text: LG

text: Electronics

text: and

text: TCL

text: The PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a handheld game console developed by Sony. Development of the console was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3 2004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games.

text: The

text: PlayStation

text: Portable

text: PSP

text: is

text: handheld

text: game

text: console

text: developed

text: by

text: Sony

text: Development

text: of

text: the

text: console

text: was

text: announced

text: during

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: unveiled

text: on

text: at

text: Sony

text: press

text: conference

text: before

text: The

text: system

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Japan

text: on

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: PAL

text: region

text: on

text: It

text: primarily

text: competed

text: with

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: DS

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: seventh

text: generation

text: of

text: video

text: games

text: Rat Race was to be a downloadable episodic video game on the PlayStation Store . It was later cancelled by Sony .

text: Rat

text: Race

text: was

text: to

text: be

text: downloadable

text: episodic

text: video

text: game

text: on

text: the

text: PlayStation

text: Store

text: It

text: was

text: later

text: cancelled

text: by

text: Sony

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: platform rat race

answer: playstation 3

text: playstation 3

text: playstation 3


text: Lusitania or Hispania Lusitana was an ancient Iberian Roman province including approximately all of modern Portugal south of the Douro river and part of modern Spain (the present autonomous community of Extremadura and a small part of the province of Salamanca). It was named after the Lusitani or Lusitanian people (an Indo-European people). Its capital was "Emerita Augusta" (currently Mérida, Spain), and it was initially part of the Roman Republic province of Hispania Ulterior, before becoming a province of its own in the Roman Empire. Romans first came to the territory around the mid 2nd century BC. A war with Lusitanian tribes followed, from 155 to 139 BC. In 27 BC, the province was created.

text: Lusitania

text: or

text: Hispania

text: Lusitana

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: Iberian

text: Roman

text: province

text: including

text: approximately

text: all

text: of

text: modern

text: Portugal

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Douro

text: river

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: modern

text: Spain

text: the

text: present

text: autonomous

text: community

text: of

text: Extremadura

text: and

text: small

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Salamanca

text: It

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Lusitani

text: or

text: Lusitanian

text: people

text: an

text: Indo

text: European

text: people

text: Its

text: capital

text: was

text: Emerita

text: Augusta

text: currently

text: Mérida

text: Spain

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: initially

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: province

text: of

text: Hispania

text: Ulterior

text: before

text: becoming

text: province

text: of

text: its

text: own

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Romans

text: first

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: territory

text: around

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: BC

text: war

text: with

text: Lusitanian

text: tribes

text: followed

text: from

text: to

text: BC

text: In

text: BC

text: the

text: province

text: was

text: created

text: Praetor was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities: the commander of an army (in the field or, less often, before the army had been mustered); or, an elected "magistratus" (magistrate), assigned various duties (which varied at different periods in Rome's history). The functions of the magistracy, the "praetura" (praetorship), are described by the adjective: the "praetoria potestas" (praetorian power), the "praetorium imperium" (praetorian authority), and the "praetorium ius" (praetorian law), the legal precedents established by the "praetores" (praetors). "Praetorium", as a substantive, denoted the location from which the "praetor" exercised his authority, either the headquarters of his "castra", the courthouse (tribunal) of his judiciary, or the city hall of his provincial governorship.

text: Praetor

text: was

text: title

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Rome

text: to

text: men

text: acting

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: official

text: capacities

text: the

text: commander

text: of

text: an

text: army

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: or

text: less

text: often

text: before

text: the

text: army

text: had

text: been

text: mustered

text: or

text: an

text: elected

text: magistratus

text: magistrate

text: assigned

text: various

text: duties

text: which

text: varied

text: at

text: different

text: periods

text: in

text: Rome

text: 's

text: history

text: The

text: functions

text: of

text: the

text: magistracy

text: the

text: praetura

text: praetorship

text: are

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: adjective

text: the

text: praetoria

text: potestas

text: praetorian

text: power

text: the

text: praetorium

text: imperium

text: praetorian

text: authority

text: and

text: the

text: praetorium

text: ius

text: praetorian

text: law

text: the

text: legal

text: precedents

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: praetores

text: praetors

text: Praetorium

text: as

text: substantive

text: denoted

text: the

text: location

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: praetor

text: exercised

text: his

text: authority

text: either

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: his

text: castra

text: the

text: courthouse

text: tribunal

text: of

text: his

text: judiciary

text: or

text: the

text: city

text: hall

text: of

text: his

text: provincial

text: governorship

text: The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting in 27 BC). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history. Often when a given Roman is described as becoming "emperor" in English, it reflects his taking of the title "Augustus" or "Caesar". Another title often used was "imperator", originally a military honorific. Early Emperors also used the title "princeps" (first citizen). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles, notably "Princeps Senatus", "Consul" and "Pontifex Maximus".

text: The

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: was

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: during

text: the

text: imperial

text: period

text: starting

text: in

text: BC

text: The

text: emperors

text: used

text: variety

text: of

text: different

text: titles

text: throughout

text: history

text: Often

text: when

text: given

text: Roman

text: is

text: described

text: as

text: becoming

text: emperor

text: in

text: English

text: it

text: reflects

text: his

text: taking

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: Augustus

text: or

text: Caesar

text: Another

text: title

text: often

text: used

text: was

text: imperator

text: originally

text: military

text: honorific

text: Early

text: Emperors

text: also

text: used

text: the

text: title

text: princeps

text: first

text: citizen

text: Emperors

text: frequently

text: amassed

text: republican

text: titles

text: notably

text: Princeps

text: Senatus

text: Consul

text: and

text: Pontifex

text: Maximus

text: In the Roman Empire, the Latin word castrum (plural castra) was a building, or plot of land, used as a fortified military camp.

text: In

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: castrum

text: plural

text: castra

text: was

text: building

text: or

text: plot

text: of

text: land

text: used

text: as

text: fortified

text: military

text: camp

text: Hispania Baetica, often abbreviated Baetica, was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula). Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Hispania Tarraconensis. Baetica was part of Al-Andalus under the Moors in the 8th century and approximately corresponds to modern Andalucia. Its capital was Corduba. Baetica remained one of the basic divisions of Hispania under the Visigoths down to 711.

text: Hispania

text: Baetica

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: Baetica

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: three

text: Roman

text: provinces

text: in

text: Hispania

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: Baetica

text: was

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Lusitania

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Hispania

text: Tarraconensis

text: Baetica

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: under

text: the

text: Moors

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: approximately

text: corresponds

text: to

text: modern

text: Andalucia

text: Its

text: capital

text: was

text: Corduba

text: Baetica

text: remained

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: basic

text: divisions

text: of

text: Hispania

text: under

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: down

text: to

text: The Visigoths were the western branches of the nomadic tribes of Germanic peoples referred to collectively as the Goths. These tribes flourished and spread during the late Roman Empire in Late Antiquity, or the Migration Period. The Visigoths emerged from earlier Gothic groups (possibly the Thervingi) who had invaded the Roman Empire beginning in 376 and had defeated the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378. Relations between the Romans and the Visigoths were variable, alternately warring with one another and making treaties when convenient. The Visigoths invaded Italy under Alaric I and sacked Rome in 410. After the Visigoths sacked Rome, they began settling down, first in southern Gaul and eventually in Spain and Portugal, where they founded the Visigothic Kingdom and maintained a presence from the 5th to the 8th centuries AD.

text: The

text: Visigoths

text: were

text: the

text: western

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: nomadic

text: tribes

text: of

text: Germanic

text: peoples

text: referred

text: to

text: collectively

text: as

text: the

text: Goths

text: These

text: tribes

text: flourished

text: and

text: spread

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: or

text: the

text: Migration

text: Period

text: The

text: Visigoths

text: emerged

text: from

text: earlier

text: Gothic

text: groups

text: possibly

text: the

text: Thervingi

text: who

text: had

text: invaded

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: beginning

text: in

text: and

text: had

text: defeated

text: the

text: Romans

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Adrianople

text: in

text: Relations

text: between

text: the

text: Romans

text: and

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: were

text: variable

text: alternately

text: warring

text: with

text: one

text: another

text: and

text: making

text: treaties

text: when

text: convenient

text: The

text: Visigoths

text: invaded

text: Italy

text: under

text: Alaric

text: and

text: sacked

text: Rome

text: in

text: After

text: the

text: Visigoths

text: sacked

text: Rome

text: they

text: began

text: settling

text: down

text: first

text: in

text: southern

text: Gaul

text: and

text: eventually

text: in

text: Spain

text: and

text: Portugal

text: where

text: they

text: founded

text: the

text: Visigothic

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: maintained

text: presence

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: centuries

text: AD

text: Hadrian (24 January 76  10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138. Hadrian is known for building Hadrian's Wall, which marked the northern limit of Britannia. He also rebuilt the Pantheon and constructed the Temple of Venus and Roma. Philhellene in most of his tastes, he is considered by some to have been a humanist, and he is regarded as the third of the Five Good Emperors.

text: Hadrian

text: January

text: July

text: was

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: from

text: to

text: Hadrian

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: building

text: Hadrian

text: 's

text: Wall

text: which

text: marked

text: the

text: northern

text: limit

text: of

text: Britannia

text: He

text: also

text: rebuilt

text: the

text: Pantheon

text: and

text: constructed

text: the

text: Temple

text: of

text: Venus

text: and

text: Roma

text: Philhellene

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: tastes

text: he

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: some

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: humanist

text: and

text: he

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: Five

text: Good

text: Emperors

text: Hadrian's Wall, also called the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or "Vallum Hadriani" in Latin, was a defensive fortification in the Roman province of Britannia, begun in 122 AD in the reign of the emperor Hadrian. It ran from the banks of the River Tyne near the North Sea to the Solway Firth on the Irish Sea, and was the northern limit of the Roman Empire, immediately north of which were the lands of the northern Ancient Britons, including the Picts.

text: Hadrian

text: 's

text: Wall

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Roman

text: Wall

text: Picts

text: Wall

text: or

text: Vallum

text: Hadriani

text: in

text: Latin

text: was

text: defensive

text: fortification

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Britannia

text: begun

text: in

text: AD

text: in

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: emperor

text: Hadrian

text: It

text: ran

text: from

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Tyne

text: near

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: Solway

text: Firth

text: on

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: northern

text: limit

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: immediately

text: north

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: Ancient

text: Britons

text: including

text: the

text: Picts

text: Imperium is a Latin word which, in a broad sense, translates roughly as 'power to command'. In ancient Rome, different kinds of power or authority were distinguished by different terms. "Imperium" referred to the ability of an individual to command the military. It is not to be confused with "auctoritas" or "potestas", different and generally inferior types of power in the Roman Republic and Empire. Primarily used to refer to the power that is wielded, in greater or lesser degree, by an individual to whom it is delegated, the term could also be used with a geographical connotation, designating the territorial limits of that "imperium". Individuals given such power were referred to as curule magistrates or promagistrates. These included the curule aedile, the praetor, the censor, the consul, the magister equitum, and the dictator.

text: Imperium

text: is

text: Latin

text: word

text: which

text: in

text: broad

text: sense

text: translates

text: roughly

text: as

text: power

text: to

text: command

text: In

text: ancient

text: Rome

text: different

text: kinds

text: of

text: power

text: or

text: authority

text: were

text: distinguished

text: by

text: different

text: terms

text: Imperium

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: to

text: command

text: the

text: military

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: auctoritas

text: or

text: potestas

text: different

text: and

text: generally

text: inferior

text: types

text: of

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: and

text: Empire

text: Primarily

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: power

text: that

text: is

text: wielded

text: in

text: greater

text: or

text: lesser

text: degree

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: to

text: whom

text: it

text: is

text: delegated

text: the

text: term

text: could

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: with

text: geographical

text: connotation

text: designating

text: the

text: territorial

text: limits

text: of

text: that

text: imperium

text: Individuals

text: given

text: such

text: power

text: were

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: curule

text: magistrates

text: or

text: promagistrates

text: These

text: included

text: the

text: curule

text: aedile

text: the

text: praetor

text: the

text: censor

text: the

text: consul

text: the

text: magister

text: equitum

text: and

text: the

text: dictator

text: Marcus Annius Verus ( 50 -- 138 AD ) was a Roman man who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries . He was the son of an elder Marcus Annius Verus , who gained the rank of senator and praetor . His family originated from Uccibi ( modern Espejo ) near Corduba ( modern Córdoba ) in the Roman province of Hispania Baetica . The family came to prominence and became wealthy through olive oil production in Spain . He was close friends with the emperor Hadrian .

text: Marcus

text: Annius

text: Verus

text: AD

text: was

text: Roman

text: man

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: an

text: elder

text: Marcus

text: Annius

text: Verus

text: who

text: gained

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: senator

text: and

text: praetor

text: His

text: family

text: originated

text: from

text: Uccibi

text: modern

text: Espejo

text: near

text: Corduba

text: modern

text: Córdoba

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Hispania

text: Baetica

text: The

text: family

text: came

text: to

text: prominence

text: and

text: became

text: wealthy

text: through

text: olive

text: oil

text: production

text: in

text: Spain

text: He

text: was

text: close

text: friends

text: with

text: the

text: emperor

text: Hadrian

text: In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin: "provincia", pl. "provinciae") was the basic, and, until the Tetrarchy (293 AD), largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of Italy. The word "province" in modern English has its origins in the term used by the Romans.

text: In

text: Ancient

text: Rome

text: province

text: Latin

text: provincia

text: pl

text: provinciae

text: was

text: the

text: basic

text: and

text: until

text: the

text: Tetrarchy

text: AD

text: largest

text: territorial

text: and

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: 's

text: territorial

text: possessions

text: outside

text: of

text: Italy

text: The

text: word

text: province

text: in

text: modern

text: English

text: has

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: term

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: The term tetrarchy (from the , "tetrarchia", "leadership of four [people]") describes any form of government where power is divided among four individuals, but in modern usage usually refers to the system instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293, marking the end of the Crisis of the Third Century and the recovery of the Roman Empire. This tetrarchy lasted until c. 313, when internecine conflict eliminated most of the claimants to power, leaving Constantine in control of the western half of the empire, and Licinius in control of the eastern half.

text: The

text: term

text: tetrarchy

text: from

text: the

text: tetrarchia

text: leadership

text: of

text: four

text: people

text: describes

text: any

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: where

text: power

text: is

text: divided

text: among

text: four

text: individuals

text: but

text: in

text: modern

text: usage

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: system

text: instituted

text: by

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: Diocletian

text: in

text: marking

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Crisis

text: of

text: the

text: Third

text: Century

text: and

text: the

text: recovery

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: This

text: tetrarchy

text: lasted

text: until

text: when

text: internecine

text: conflict

text: eliminated

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: claimants

text: to

text: power

text: leaving

text: Constantine

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: and

text: Licinius

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: half

question: period marcus annius verus

answer: roman empire

text: roman empire

text: roman empire

text: roman empire

text: roman empire

text: roman empire

text: roman empire

text: roman empire


text: Apaturina is a monotypic genus of butterflies in the family Nymphalidae. Its sole species is Apaturina erminea, the turquoise emperor.

text: Apaturina

text: is

text: monotypic

text: genus

text: of

text: butterflies

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Nymphalidae

text: Its

text: sole

text: species

text: is

text: Apaturina

text: erminea

text: the

text: turquoise

text: emperor

text: The Apaturinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes many species commonly called `` emperors '' . Genus Apatura Apaturina Apaturopsis Asterocampa Chitoria Dilipa Doxocopa Euapatura Eulaceura Euripus Helcyra Herona Hestina Hestinalis Mimathyma Rohana Sasakia Sephisa Thaleropis Timelaea

text: The

text: Apaturinae

text: are

text: subfamily

text: of

text: butterflies

text: that

text: includes

text: many

text: species

text: commonly

text: called

text: emperors

text: Genus

text: Apatura

text: Apaturina

text: Apaturopsis

text: Asterocampa

text: Chitoria

text: Dilipa

text: Doxocopa

text: Euapatura

text: Eulaceura

text: Euripus

text: Helcyra

text: Herona

text: Hestina

text: Hestinalis

text: Mimathyma

text: Rohana

text: Sasakia

text: Sephisa

text: Thaleropis

text: Timelaea

text: In biology, a species (abbreviated sp., with the plural form species abbreviated spp.) is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. While this definition is often adequate, looked at more closely it is often problematic. For example, in a species complex, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear or disappear altogether. Other ways of defining species include similarity of DNA, morphology, or ecological niche. The presence of locally adaptive traits may further subdivide species into infraspecific taxa such as subspecies.

text: In

text: biology

text: species

text: abbreviated

text: sp

text: with

text: the

text: plural

text: form

text: species

text: abbreviated

text: spp

text: is

text: the

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: and

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: species

text: is

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: individuals

text: can

text: produce

text: fertile

text: offspring

text: typically

text: by

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: While

text: this

text: definition

text: is

text: often

text: adequate

text: looked

text: at

text: more

text: closely

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: problematic

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: species

text: complex

text: the

text: boundaries

text: between

text: closely

text: related

text: species

text: become

text: unclear

text: or

text: disappear

text: altogether

text: Other

text: ways

text: of

text: defining

text: species

text: include

text: similarity

text: of

text: DNA

text: morphology

text: or

text: ecological

text: niche

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: locally

text: adaptive

text: traits

text: may

text: further

text: subdivide

text: species

text: into

text: infraspecific

text: taxa

text: such

text: as

text: subspecies

text: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), they are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix.

text: Deoxyribonucleic

text: acid

text: DNA

text: is

text: molecule

text: that

text: carries

text: the

text: genetic

text: instructions

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: growth

text: development

text: functioning

text: and

text: reproduction

text: of

text: all

text: known

text: living

text: organisms

text: and

text: many

text: viruses

text: DNA

text: and

text: RNA

text: are

text: nucleic

text: acids

text: alongside

text: proteins

text: lipids

text: and

text: complex

text: carbohydrates

text: polysaccharides

text: they

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: major

text: types

text: of

text: macromolecules

text: that

text: are

text: essential

text: for

text: all

text: known

text: forms

text: of

text: life

text: Most

text: DNA

text: molecules

text: consist

text: of

text: two

text: biopolymer

text: strands

text: coiled

text: around

text: each

text: other

text: to

text: form

text: double

text: helix

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies with about 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. These are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a reduced pair of forelegs and many hold their colourful wings flat when resting. They are also called brush-footed butterflies or four-footed butterflies, because they are known to stand on only four legs while the other two are curled up; in some species, these forelegs have a brush-like set of hairs which gives this family its other common name. Many species are brightly coloured and include popular species such as the emperors, monarch butterfly, admirals, tortoiseshells, and fritillaries. However, the under wings are, in contrast, often dull and in some species look remarkably like dead leaves, or are much paler, producing a cryptic effect that helps the butterflies blend into their surroundings.

text: The

text: Nymphalidae

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: family

text: of

text: butterflies

text: with

text: about

text: species

text: distributed

text: throughout

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: These

text: are

text: usually

text: medium

text: sized

text: to

text: large

text: butterflies

text: Most

text: species

text: have

text: reduced

text: pair

text: of

text: forelegs

text: and

text: many

text: hold

text: their

text: colourful

text: wings

text: flat

text: when

text: resting

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: called

text: brush

text: footed

text: butterflies

text: or

text: four

text: footed

text: butterflies

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: stand

text: on

text: only

text: four

text: legs

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: are

text: curled

text: up

text: in

text: some

text: species

text: these

text: forelegs

text: have

text: brush

text: like

text: set

text: of

text: hairs

text: which

text: gives

text: this

text: family

text: its

text: other

text: common

text: name

text: Many

text: species

text: are

text: brightly

text: coloured

text: and

text: include

text: popular

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: emperors

text: monarch

text: butterfly

text: admirals

text: tortoiseshells

text: and

text: fritillaries

text: However

text: the

text: under

text: wings

text: are

text: in

text: contrast

text: often

text: dull

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: species

text: look

text: remarkably

text: like

text: dead

text: leaves

text: or

text: are

text: much

text: paler

text: producing

text: cryptic

text: effect

text: that

text: helps

text: the

text: butterflies

text: blend

text: into

text: their

text: surroundings

text: Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female's large ovum (or egg) and a male's smaller sperm. Each gamete contains half the number of chromosomes of normal cells. They are created by a specialized type of cell division, which only occurs in eukaryotic cells, known as meiosis. The two gametes fuse during fertilization to produce DNA replication and the creation of a single-celled zygote which includes genetic material from both gametes. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) joins up so that homologous chromosome sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. Two rounds of cell division then produce four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes from each original parent cell, and the same number of chromosomes as both parents, though self-fertilization can occur. For instance, in human reproduction each human cell contains 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs, except gamete cells, which only contain 23 chromosomes, so the child will have 23 chromosomes from each parent genetically recombined into 23 pairs. Cell division initiates the development of a new individual organism in multicellular organisms, including animals and plants, for the vast majority of whom this is the primary method of reproduction.

text: Sexual

text: reproduction

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: reproduction

text: where

text: two

text: morphologically

text: distinct

text: types

text: of

text: specialized

text: reproductive

text: cells

text: called

text: gametes

text: fuse

text: together

text: involving

text: female

text: 's

text: large

text: ovum

text: or

text: egg

text: and

text: male

text: 's

text: smaller

text: sperm

text: Each

text: gamete

text: contains

text: half

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: chromosomes

text: of

text: normal

text: cells

text: They

text: are

text: created

text: by

text: specialized

text: type

text: of

text: cell

text: division

text: which

text: only

text: occurs

text: in

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: known

text: as

text: meiosis

text: The

text: two

text: gametes

text: fuse

text: during

text: fertilization

text: to

text: produce

text: DNA

text: replication

text: and

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: single

text: celled

text: zygote

text: which

text: includes

text: genetic

text: material

text: from

text: both

text: gametes

text: In

text: process

text: called

text: genetic

text: recombination

text: genetic

text: material

text: DNA

text: joins

text: up

text: so

text: that

text: homologous

text: chromosome

text: sequences

text: are

text: aligned

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: exchange

text: of

text: genetic

text: information

text: Two

text: rounds

text: of

text: cell

text: division

text: then

text: produce

text: four

text: daughter

text: cells

text: with

text: half

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: chromosomes

text: from

text: each

text: original

text: parent

text: cell

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: number

text: of

text: chromosomes

text: as

text: both

text: parents

text: though

text: self

text: fertilization

text: can

text: occur

text: For

text: instance

text: in

text: human

text: reproduction

text: each

text: human

text: cell

text: contains

text: chromosomes

text: pairs

text: except

text: gamete

text: cells

text: which

text: only

text: contain

text: chromosomes

text: so

text: the

text: child

text: will

text: have

text: chromosomes

text: from

text: each

text: parent

text: genetically

text: recombined

text: into

text: pairs

text: Cell

text: division

text: initiates

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: new

text: individual

text: organism

text: in

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: including

text: animals

text: and

text: plants

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: whom

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: method

text: of

text: reproduction

question: parent_taxon apaturinae

answer: nymphalidae

text: nymphalidae

text: nymphalidae