text: Robert Storrie Guthrie ( 17 November 1857 -- 20 January 1921 ) was a Scottish - born Australian politician . He was educated at Glasgow before becoming a seaman and migrating to Australia in 1887 . He was South Australian Secretary and Federal President of the Seamens ' Union before entering the South Australian Legislative Council as a Labor member in 1891 . In 1903 he left the Council to contest the Australian Senate , in which he was successful . Originally a Labor Senator , he left the party in the wake of the 1916 split over conscription , joining the Nationalist Party . He died in 1921 , necessitating the appointment of Nationalist Edward Vardon to replace him .

text: Robert

text: Storrie

text: Guthrie

text: November

text: January

text: was

text: Scottish

text: born

text: Australian

text: politician

text: He

text: was

text: educated

text: at

text: Glasgow

text: before

text: becoming

text: seaman

text: and

text: migrating

text: to

text: Australia

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: South

text: Australian

text: Secretary

text: and

text: Federal

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Seamens

text: Union

text: before

text: entering

text: the

text: South

text: Australian

text: Legislative

text: Council

text: as

text: Labor

text: member

text: in

text: In

text: he

text: left

text: the

text: Council

text: to

text: contest

text: the

text: Australian

text: Senate

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: successful

text: Originally

text: Labor

text: Senator

text: he

text: left

text: the

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: split

text: over

text: conscription

text: joining

text: the

text: Nationalist

text: Party

text: He

text: died

text: in

text: necessitating

text: the

text: appointment

text: of

text: Nationalist

text: Edward

text: Vardon

text: to

text: replace

text: him

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The Australian Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Chapter I, Part II of the Australian Constitution. There are a total of 76 senators: 12 senators are elected from each of the six states (regardless of population) and two from each of the two autonomous internal territories (the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory). Senators are popularly elected under the single transferable vote system of proportional representation.

text: The

text: Australian

text: Senate

text: is

text: the

text: upper

text: house

text: of

text: the

text: bicameral

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Australia

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: being

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Representatives

text: The

text: composition

text: and

text: powers

text: of

text: the

text: Senate

text: are

text: established

text: in

text: Chapter

text: Part

text: II

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: Constitution

text: There

text: are

text: total

text: of

text: senators

text: senators

text: are

text: elected

text: from

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: states

text: regardless

text: of

text: population

text: and

text: two

text: from

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: autonomous

text: internal

text: territories

text: the

text: Australian

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: and

text: the

text: Northern

text: Territory

text: Senators

text: are

text: popularly

text: elected

text: under

text: the

text: single

text: transferable

text: vote

text: system

text: of

text: proportional

text: representation

text: Conscription, or drafting, is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service. Conscription dates back to antiquity and continues in some countries to the present day under various names. The modern system of near-universal national conscription for young men dates to the French Revolution in the 1790s, where it became the basis of a very large and powerful military. Most European nations later copied the system in peacetime, so that men at a certain age would serve 18 years on active duty and then transfer to the reserve force.

text: Conscription

text: or

text: drafting

text: is

text: the

text: compulsory

text: enlistment

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: national

text: service

text: most

text: often

text: military

text: service

text: Conscription

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: antiquity

text: and

text: continues

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: under

text: various

text: names

text: The

text: modern

text: system

text: of

text: near

text: universal

text: national

text: conscription

text: for

text: young

text: men

text: dates

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: in

text: the

text: where

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: very

text: large

text: and

text: powerful

text: military

text: Most

text: European

text: nations

text: later

text: copied

text: the

text: system

text: in

text: peacetime

text: so

text: that

text: men

text: at

text: certain

text: age

text: would

text: serve

text: years

text: on

text: active

text: duty

text: and

text: then

text: transfer

text: to

text: the

text: reserve

text: force

text: Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.

text: Indonesia

text: or

text: Indonesian

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: located

text: mainly

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: with

text: some

text: territories

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Situated

text: between

text: the

text: Indian

text: and

text: Pacific

text: oceans

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: island

text: country

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: seventeen

text: thousand

text: islands

text: At

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: combined

text: sea

text: and

text: land

text: area

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Austronesian

text: nation

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Muslim

text: majority

text: country

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: of

text: Java

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: Vanuatu (or ; Bislama ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (Bislama: "Ripablik blong Vanuatu"), is a Pacific island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, east of New Guinea, southeast of the Solomon Islands, and west of Fiji.

text: Vanuatu

text: or

text: Bislama

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Vanuatu

text: Bislama

text: Ripablik

text: blong

text: Vanuatu

text: is

text: Pacific

text: island

text: nation

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: The

text: archipelago

text: which

text: is

text: of

text: volcanic

text: origin

text: is

text: some

text: east

text: of

text: northern

text: Australia

text: northeast

text: of

text: New

text: Caledonia

text: east

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Fiji

text: The House of Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of South Australia. The other is the Legislative Council. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The fourth-term South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party has been in government since the 2002 election.

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Assembly

text: or

text: lower

text: house

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: chambers

text: of

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: South

text: Australia

text: The

text: other

text: is

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Council

text: It

text: sits

text: in

text: Parliament

text: House

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Adelaide

text: The

text: fourth

text: term

text: South

text: Australian

text: Branch

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: Labor

text: Party

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: government

text: since

text: the

text: election

text: The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.

text: The

text: French

text: Revolution

text: was

text: period

text: of

text: far

text: reaching

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: upheaval

text: in

text: France

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: until

text: and

text: was

text: partially

text: carried

text: forward

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: during

text: the

text: later

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Empire

text: The

text: Revolution

text: overthrew

text: the

text: monarchy

text: established

text: republic

text: experienced

text: violent

text: periods

text: of

text: political

text: turmoil

text: and

text: finally

text: culminated

text: in

text: dictatorship

text: under

text: Napoleon

text: that

text: rapidly

text: brought

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: principles

text: to

text: Western

text: Europe

text: and

text: beyond

text: Inspired

text: by

text: liberal

text: and

text: radical

text: ideas

text: the

text: Revolution

text: profoundly

text: altered

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: modern

text: history

text: triggering

text: the

text: global

text: decline

text: of

text: absolute

text: monarchies

text: while

text: replacing

text: them

text: with

text: republics

text: and

text: liberal

text: democracies

text: Through

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: it

text: unleashed

text: wave

text: of

text: global

text: conflicts

text: that

text: extended

text: from

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Historians

text: widely

text: regard

text: the

text: Revolution

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: events

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: Active duty refers to a full-time occupation as part of a military force, as opposed to reserve duty. In the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations the equivalent term is active service.

text: Active

text: duty

text: refers

text: to

text: full

text: time

text: occupation

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: military

text: force

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: reserve

text: duty

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: the

text: equivalent

text: term

text: is

text: active

text: service

text: National service is a common name for a system of either compulsory or voluntary government service (usually military service, also known as conscription). The term became standard British usage after the National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939, and has been applied to such voluntary enrollments as the US Peace Corps and AmeriCorps. Many young people spent one or more years in such programmes. Compulsory military service typically requires all male citizens to enroll for one or two years, usually at age 18 (later for university-level students), while Voluntary national service requires only three months of basic military training. The US equivalent is Selective Service.

text: National

text: service

text: is

text: common

text: name

text: for

text: system

text: of

text: either

text: compulsory

text: or

text: voluntary

text: government

text: service

text: usually

text: military

text: service

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: conscription

text: The

text: term

text: became

text: standard

text: British

text: usage

text: after

text: the

text: National

text: Service

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: Act

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: applied

text: to

text: such

text: voluntary

text: enrollments

text: as

text: the

text: US

text: Peace

text: Corps

text: and

text: AmeriCorps

text: Many

text: young

text: people

text: spent

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: years

text: in

text: such

text: programmes

text: Compulsory

text: military

text: service

text: typically

text: requires

text: all

text: male

text: citizens

text: to

text: enroll

text: for

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: years

text: usually

text: at

text: age

text: later

text: for

text: university

text: level

text: students

text: while

text: Voluntary

text: national

text: service

text: requires

text: only

text: three

text: months

text: of

text: basic

text: military

text: training

text: The

text: US

text: equivalent

text: is

text: Selective

text: Service

text: The Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of South Australia. Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the lower house, the House of Assembly. It sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The fourth-term South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party has been in government since the 2002 election.

text: The

text: Legislative

text: Council

text: or

text: upper

text: house

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: chambers

text: of

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: South

text: Australia

text: Its

text: central

text: purpose

text: is

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: house

text: of

text: review

text: for

text: legislation

text: passed

text: through

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Assembly

text: It

text: sits

text: in

text: Parliament

text: House

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Adelaide

text: The

text: fourth

text: term

text: South

text: Australian

text: Branch

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: Labor

text: Party

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: government

text: since

text: the

text: election

text: The military, also called the armed forces, are forces authorized to use deadly force, and weapons, to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens. The task of the military is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens, and the prosecution of war against another state. The military may also have additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within a society, including, the promotion of a political agenda, protecting corporate economic interests, internal population control, construction, emergency services, social ceremonies, and guarding important areas. The military can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil society, through the development of separate infrastructures, which may include housing, schools, utilities, food production and banking.

text: The

text: military

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: are

text: forces

text: authorized

text: to

text: use

text: deadly

text: force

text: and

text: weapons

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: citizens

text: The

text: task

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: is

text: usually

text: defined

text: as

text: defense

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: its

text: citizens

text: and

text: the

text: prosecution

text: of

text: war

text: against

text: another

text: state

text: The

text: military

text: may

text: also

text: have

text: additional

text: sanctioned

text: and

text: non

text: sanctioned

text: functions

text: within

text: society

text: including

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: political

text: agenda

text: protecting

text: corporate

text: economic

text: interests

text: internal

text: population

text: control

text: construction

text: emergency

text: services

text: social

text: ceremonies

text: and

text: guarding

text: important

text: areas

text: The

text: military

text: can

text: also

text: function

text: as

text: discrete

text: subculture

text: within

text: larger

text: civil

text: society

text: through

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: separate

text: infrastructures

text: which

text: may

text: include

text: housing

text: schools

text: utilities

text: food

text: production

text: and

text: banking

text: Joseph Vardon (27 July 1843  20 July 1913) was an Australian politician. Born in Adelaide, South Australia, he received a primary education before becoming a farm worker and apprentice printer, running his own printing business by 1871. He sat on Hindmarsh, Unley, and Adelaide City councils, and was President of the South Australian Liberal Union. In 1906, he was elected to the Australian Senate as an Anti-Socialist Senator for South Australia, but his election was declared void on 31 May 1907. The South Australian Labor Government attempted to install James O'Loghlin in the vacancy, but this appointment was also declared void, ordering a special election. Vardon and O'Loghlin both contested the election, with Vardon winning with 53.7% of the vote. He was defeated in 1913, by now a member of the Commonwealth Liberal Party.

text: Joseph

text: Vardon

text: July

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: Australian

text: politician

text: Born

text: in

text: Adelaide

text: South

text: Australia

text: he

text: received

text: primary

text: education

text: before

text: becoming

text: farm

text: worker

text: and

text: apprentice

text: printer

text: running

text: his

text: own

text: printing

text: business

text: by

text: He

text: sat

text: on

text: Hindmarsh

text: Unley

text: and

text: Adelaide

text: City

text: councils

text: and

text: was

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Australian

text: Liberal

text: Union

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: Australian

text: Senate

text: as

text: an

text: Anti

text: Socialist

text: Senator

text: for

text: South

text: Australia

text: but

text: his

text: election

text: was

text: declared

text: void

text: on

text: May

text: The

text: South

text: Australian

text: Labor

text: Government

text: attempted

text: to

text: install

text: James

text: O'Loghlin

text: in

text: the

text: vacancy

text: but

text: this

text: appointment

text: was

text: also

text: declared

text: void

text: ordering

text: special

text: election

text: Vardon

text: and

text: O'Loghlin

text: both

text: contested

text: the

text: election

text: with

text: Vardon

text: winning

text: with

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: He

text: was

text: defeated

text: in

text: by

text: now

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: East Timor or Timor-Leste (Tetum: "Timór Lorosa'e"), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor; the nearby islands of Atauro and Jaco; and Oecusse, an exclave on the northwestern side of the island surrounded by Indonesian West Timor. The country's size is about 15,410 km (5,400 sq mi).

text: East

text: Timor

text: or

text: Timor

text: Leste

text: Tetum

text: Timór

text: Lorosa'e

text: officially

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Timor

text: Leste

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Maritime

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: It

text: comprises

text: the

text: eastern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Timor

text: the

text: nearby

text: islands

text: of

text: Atauro

text: and

text: Jaco

text: and

text: Oecusse

text: an

text: exclave

text: on

text: the

text: northwestern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: surrounded

text: by

text: Indonesian

text: West

text: Timor

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: size

text: is

text: about

text: km

text: sq

text: mi

text: The River Clyde is a river, that flows into the Firth of Clyde in Scotland. It is the eighth-longest river in the United Kingdom, and the second-longest in Scotland. Flowing through the major city of Glasgow, it was an important river for shipbuilding and trade in the British Empire. In the early medieval Cumbric language it was known as "Clud" or "Clut", and was central to the Kingdom of Strathclyde ("Teyrnas Ystrad Clut").

text: The

text: River

text: Clyde

text: is

text: river

text: that

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: Firth

text: of

text: Clyde

text: in

text: Scotland

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: in

text: Scotland

text: Flowing

text: through

text: the

text: major

text: city

text: of

text: Glasgow

text: it

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: river

text: for

text: shipbuilding

text: and

text: trade

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: medieval

text: Cumbric

text: language

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Clud

text: or

text: Clut

text: and

text: was

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Strathclyde

text: Teyrnas

text: Ystrad

text: Clut

text: Glasgow  is the largest city in Scotland, and third largest in the United Kingdom. Historically part of Lanarkshire, it is now one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands. Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians.

text: Glasgow

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Historically

text: part

text: of

text: Lanarkshire

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: council

text: areas

text: of

text: Scotland

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Clyde

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: West

text: Central

text: Lowlands

text: Inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Glaswegians

text: Proportional representation ("PR") characterizes electoral systems by which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If "n"% of the electorate support a particular political party, then roughly "n"% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result: not just a plurality, or a bare majority, of them. Proportional representation requires the use of multiple-member voting districts (also called super-districts); it is not possible using single-member districts alone. In fact, the most proportional representation is achieved when just one super-district is used.

text: Proportional

text: representation

text: PR

text: characterizes

text: electoral

text: systems

text: by

text: which

text: divisions

text: in

text: an

text: electorate

text: are

text: reflected

text: proportionately

text: in

text: the

text: elected

text: body

text: If

text: n"%

text: of

text: the

text: electorate

text: support

text: particular

text: political

text: party

text: then

text: roughly

text: n"%

text: of

text: seats

text: will

text: be

text: won

text: by

text: that

text: party

text: The

text: essence

text: of

text: such

text: systems

text: is

text: that

text: all

text: votes

text: contribute

text: to

text: the

text: result

text: not

text: just

text: plurality

text: or

text: bare

text: majority

text: of

text: them

text: Proportional

text: representation

text: requires

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: multiple

text: member

text: voting

text: districts

text: also

text: called

text: super

text: districts

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: possible

text: using

text: single

text: member

text: districts

text: alone

text: In

text: fact

text: the

text: most

text: proportional

text: representation

text: is

text: achieved

text: when

text: just

text: one

text: super

text: district

text: is

text: used

text: Edward Charles Vardon (10 November 1866  23 February 1937) was an Australian politician. Born in Adelaide, South Australia, he was the son of Joseph Vardon, later an Australian Senator. He was educated at North Adelaide Grammar School before becoming chairman of the family printing company. From 1910-1912, he served as President of the South Australian Chamber of Manufacturers, and was the Liberal member for Sturt in the South Australian House of Assembly 1918-1921. On 16 February 1921, he was appointed to the Australian Senate as a Nationalist, filling the casual vacancy caused by the death of Senator Robert Guthrie. The appointment lapsed due to lack of confirmation by the South Australian Parliament, but he was re-appointed on 9 August. He contested the 1922 election as a member of the Liberal Party, a group of disaffected Nationalists opposing the leadership of Prime Minister Billy Hughes. He was defeated, and died in 1937.

text: Edward

text: Charles

text: Vardon

text: November

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: Australian

text: politician

text: Born

text: in

text: Adelaide

text: South

text: Australia

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Joseph

text: Vardon

text: later

text: an

text: Australian

text: Senator

text: He

text: was

text: educated

text: at

text: North

text: Adelaide

text: Grammar

text: School

text: before

text: becoming

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: printing

text: company

text: From

text: he

text: served

text: as

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: Australian

text: Chamber

text: of

text: Manufacturers

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: Liberal

text: member

text: for

text: Sturt

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Australian

text: House

text: of

text: Assembly

text: On

text: February

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: to

text: the

text: Australian

text: Senate

text: as

text: Nationalist

text: filling

text: the

text: casual

text: vacancy

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Senator

text: Robert

text: Guthrie

text: The

text: appointment

text: lapsed

text: due

text: to

text: lack

text: of

text: confirmation

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: Australian

text: Parliament

text: but

text: he

text: was

text: re

text: appointed

text: on

text: August

text: He

text: contested

text: the

text: election

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: group

text: of

text: disaffected

text: Nationalists

text: opposing

text: the

text: leadership

text: of

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: Billy

text: Hughes

text: He

text: was

text: defeated

text: and

text: died

text: in

text: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.

text: Australia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: continent

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: are

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: East

text: Timor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Australia

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Canberra

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: Sydney

text: Papua New Guinea (PNG  Hiri Motu: "Papua Niu Gini"), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is an Oceanian country that occupies the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia, a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia. Its capital, located along its southeastern coast, is Port Moresby. The western half of New Guinea forms the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua.

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: PNG

text: Hiri

text: Motu

text: Papua

text: Niu

text: Gini

text: officially

text: the

text: Independent

text: State

text: of

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: is

text: an

text: Oceanian

text: country

text: that

text: occupies

text: the

text: eastern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: and

text: its

text: offshore

text: islands

text: in

text: Melanesia

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: southwestern

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: north

text: of

text: Australia

text: Its

text: capital

text: located

text: along

text: its

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: is

text: Port

text: Moresby

text: The

text: western

text: half

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: forms

text: the

text: Indonesian

text: provinces

text: of

text: Papua

text: and

text: West

text: Papua

text: The Parliament of South Australia at Parliament House, Adelaide is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of South Australia. It consists of the 47-seat House of Assembly (lower house) and the 22-seat Legislative Council (upper house). All of the lower house and half of the upper house is filled at each election. It follows a Westminster system of parliamentary government. The fourth-term South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party has been in government since the 2002 election.

text: The

text: Parliament

text: of

text: South

text: Australia

text: at

text: Parliament

text: House

text: Adelaide

text: is

text: the

text: bicameral

text: legislature

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: state

text: of

text: South

text: Australia

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Assembly

text: lower

text: house

text: and

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Council

text: upper

text: house

text: All

text: of

text: the

text: lower

text: house

text: and

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: house

text: is

text: filled

text: at

text: each

text: election

text: It

text: follows

text: Westminster

text: system

text: of

text: parliamentary

text: government

text: The

text: fourth

text: term

text: South

text: Australian

text: Branch

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: Labor

text: Party

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: government

text: since

text: the

text: election

text: Military service is service by an individual or group in an army or other militia, whether as a chosen job or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription). Some nations (e.g., Mexico) require a specific amount of military service from every citizen (except for special cases, such as physical or mental disorders or religious beliefs, and most countries that have conscription only conscript men). A nation with a fully volunteer military does not normally require mandatory military service from its citizens, unless it is faced with a recruitment crisis during a time of war.

text: Military

text: service

text: is

text: service

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: group

text: in

text: an

text: army

text: or

text: other

text: militia

text: whether

text: as

text: chosen

text: job

text: or

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: an

text: involuntary

text: draft

text: conscription

text: Some

text: nations

text: e.g.

text: Mexico

text: require

text: specific

text: amount

text: of

text: military

text: service

text: from

text: every

text: citizen

text: except

text: for

text: special

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: physical

text: or

text: mental

text: disorders

text: or

text: religious

text: beliefs

text: and

text: most

text: countries

text: that

text: have

text: conscription

text: only

text: conscript

text: men

text: nation

text: with

text: fully

text: volunteer

text: military

text: does

text: not

text: normally

text: require

text: mandatory

text: military

text: service

text: from

text: its

text: citizens

text: unless

text: it

text: is

text: faced

text: with

text: recruitment

text: crisis

text: during

text: time

text: of

text: war

question: member_of_political_party robert guthrie

answer: australian labor party

text: australian labor party

text: australian labor party

text: australian labor party


text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Isla de la Juventud is the second-largest Cuban island and the seventh-largest island in the West Indies (after Cuba itself, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, and Andros Island). The island was called the Isle of Pines (Isla de Pinos) until 1978. It has an area and is south of the island of Cuba, across the Gulf of Batabanó. The island lies almost directly south of Havana and Pinar del Río and is a Special Municipality, not part of any province and is therefore administered directly by the central government of Cuba. The island has only one municipality, also named Isla de la Juventud.

text: Isla

text: de

text: la

text: Juventud

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: Cuban

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: after

text: Cuba

text: itself

text: Hispaniola

text: Jamaica

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Andros

text: Island

text: The

text: island

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Pines

text: Isla

text: de

text: Pinos

text: until

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: and

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Cuba

text: across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Batabanó

text: The

text: island

text: lies

text: almost

text: directly

text: south

text: of

text: Havana

text: and

text: Pinar

text: del

text: Río

text: and

text: is

text: Special

text: Municipality

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: any

text: province

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: administered

text: directly

text: by

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: of

text: Cuba

text: The

text: island

text: has

text: only

text: one

text: municipality

text: also

text: named

text: Isla

text: de

text: la

text: Juventud

text: The Straits of Florida, Florida Straits, or Florida Strait is a strait located south-southeast of the North American mainland, generally accepted to be between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Florida Keys (U.S.) and Cuba. It is 150 km (93 mi) wide at the narrowest point between Key West and the Cuban shore, and has been sounded to a depth of 6,000 feet. The strait carries the Florida Current, the beginning of the Gulf Stream, from the Gulf of Mexico.

text: The

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: Florida

text: Straits

text: or

text: Florida

text: Strait

text: is

text: strait

text: located

text: south

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: mainland

text: generally

text: accepted

text: to

text: be

text: between

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: between

text: the

text: Florida

text: Keys

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Cuba

text: It

text: is

text: km

text: mi

text: wide

text: at

text: the

text: narrowest

text: point

text: between

text: Key

text: West

text: and

text: the

text: Cuban

text: shore

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: sounded

text: to

text: depth

text: of

text: feet

text: The

text: strait

text: carries

text: the

text: Florida

text: Current

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: Stream

text: from

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. The word "archipelago" is derived from the Greek "-  arkhi-" ("chief") and "  pélagos" ("sea") through the Italian "arcipelago". In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Archipelago (from medieval Greek "*" and Latin "archipelagus") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands). It is now used to refer to any island group or, sometimes, to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.

text: An

text: archipelago

text: sometimes

text: called

text: an

text: island

text: group

text: or

text: island

text: chain

text: is

text: chain

text: cluster

text: or

text: collection

text: of

text: islands

text: The

text: word

text: archipelago

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: arkhi-

text: chief

text: and

text: pélagos

text: sea

text: through

text: the

text: Italian

text: arcipelago

text: In

text: Italian

text: possibly

text: following

text: tradition

text: of

text: antiquity

text: the

text: Archipelago

text: from

text: medieval

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: archipelagus

text: was

text: the

text: proper

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: and

text: later

text: usage

text: shifted

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Islands

text: since

text: the

text: sea

text: is

text: remarkable

text: for

text: its

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: island

text: group

text: or

text: sometimes

text: to

text: sea

text: containing

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: scattered

text: islands

text: The Bahamas, known officially as the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, is an archipelagic state within the Lucayan Archipelago. It consists of more than 700 islands, cays, and islets in the Atlantic Ocean and is located north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic); northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands; southeast of the US state of Florida and east of the Florida Keys. The state capital is Nassau on the island of New Providence. The designation of "The Bahamas" can refer to either the country or the larger island chain that it shares with the Turks and Caicos Islands. As stated in the mandate/manifesto of the Royal Bahamas Defence Force, the Bahamas territory encompasses of ocean space.

text: The

text: Bahamas

text: known

text: officially

text: as

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: is

text: an

text: archipelagic

text: state

text: within

text: the

text: Lucayan

text: Archipelago

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: cays

text: and

text: islets

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: north

text: of

text: Cuba

text: and

text: Hispaniola

text: Haiti

text: and

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: Turks

text: and

text: Caicos

text: Islands

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: state

text: of

text: Florida

text: and

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Florida

text: Keys

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Nassau

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: New

text: Providence

text: The

text: designation

text: of

text: The

text: Bahamas

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: either

text: the

text: country

text: or

text: the

text: larger

text: island

text: chain

text: that

text: it

text: shares

text: with

text: the

text: Turks

text: and

text: Caicos

text: Islands

text: As

text: stated

text: in

text: the

text: mandate

text: manifesto

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Bahamas

text: Defence

text: Force

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: territory

text: encompasses

text: of

text: ocean

text: space

text: Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the Straits of Florida and Cuba. Florida is the 22nd most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 8th most densely populated of the U.S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Miami metropolitan area is Florida's most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital.

text: Florida

text: Spanish

text: for

text: land

text: of

text: flowers

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Alabama

text: and

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: and

text: Cuba

text: Florida

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: Jacksonville

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: contiguous

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Miami

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: Florida

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Tallahassee

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti, is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea. It occupies the western three-eighths of the island, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Haiti is in size and has an estimated 10.6 million people, making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean as a whole.

text: Haiti

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Haiti

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Hispaniola

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: archipelago

text: of

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: It

text: occupies

text: the

text: western

text: three

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: which

text: it

text: shares

text: with

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: Haiti

text: is

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Community

text: CARICOM

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: as

text: whole

text: Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean meet. It is south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Haiti, and north of Jamaica. Havana is the largest city and capital; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola, with over 11 million inhabitants.

text: Cuba

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Cuba

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Cuba

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Isla

text: de

text: la

text: Juventud

text: and

text: several

text: minor

text: archipelagos

text: Cuba

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Caribbean

text: where

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: meet

text: It

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Florida

text: and

text: the

text: Bahamas

text: west

text: of

text: Haiti

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: Havana

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: capital

text: other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Santiago

text: de

text: Cuba

text: and

text: Camagüey

text: Cuba

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: after

text: Hispaniola

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the "Third Coast" in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts, or sometimes the "south coast", in juxtaposition to the Great Lakes region being the "north coast." One of the gulf's seven main areas is the Gulf of Mexico basin.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: is

text: an

text: ocean

text: basin

text: largely

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: northeast

text: north

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: Coast

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: Mexico

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Cuba

text: The

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Alabama

text: Florida

text: Louisiana

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: Texas

text: border

text: the

text: Gulf

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: which

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Third

text: Coast

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Pacific

text: coasts

text: or

text: sometimes

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: in

text: juxtaposition

text: to

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: region

text: being

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: gulf

text: 's

text: seven

text: main

text: areas

text: is

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: basin

text: Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, consisting of the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. The island, in area, lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola (the island containing the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Jamaica is the fourth-largest island country in the Caribbean, by area.

text: Jamaica

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: country

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: The

text: island

text: in

text: area

text: lies

text: about

text: south

text: of

text: Cuba

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Hispaniola

text: the

text: island

text: containing

text: the

text: nation

text: states

text: of

text: Haiti

text: and

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: Jamaica

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: by

text: area

text: Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.

text: Mexico

text: modern

text: Nahuatl

text: officially

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Guatemala

text: Belize

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Covering

text: almost

text: two

text: million

text: square

text: kilometers

text: over

text: sq

text: mi

text: Mexico

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: Mexico

text: is

text: federation

text: comprising

text: states

text: and

text: federal

text: district

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Guadalajara

text: Monterrey

text: Puebla

text: Toluca

text: Tijuana

text: and

text: León

text: The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere. It is bounded by Mexico and Central America to the west and south west, to the north by the Greater Antilles starting with Cuba, to the east by the Lesser Antilles, and to the south by the north coast of South America.

text: The

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: is

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Mexico

text: and

text: Central

text: America

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: starting

text: with

text: Cuba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Lesser

text: Antilles

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: The Caribbean (or ) is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts. The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland, east of Central America, and north of South America.

text: The

text: Caribbean

text: or

text: is

text: region

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: its

text: islands

text: some

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: some

text: bordering

text: both

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: coasts

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: mainland

text: east

text: of

text: Central

text: America

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Havana (Spanish: "La Habana") is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city proper has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants, and it spans a total of  making it the largest city by area, the most populous city, and the third largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean region. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet and which divides into three main harbours: Marimelena, Guanabacoa and Atarés. The sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay.

text: Havana

text: Spanish

text: La

text: Habana

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: largest

text: city

text: province

text: major

text: port

text: and

text: leading

text: commercial

text: centre

text: of

text: Cuba

text: The

text: city

text: proper

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: it

text: spans

text: total

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: region

text: The

text: city

text: extends

text: mostly

text: westward

text: and

text: southward

text: from

text: the

text: bay

text: which

text: is

text: entered

text: through

text: narrow

text: inlet

text: and

text: which

text: divides

text: into

text: three

text: main

text: harbours

text: Marimelena

text: Guanabacoa

text: and

text: Atarés

text: The

text: sluggish

text: Almendares

text: River

text: traverses

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: south

text: to

text: north

text: entering

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Florida

text: few

text: miles

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: bay

text: Santa Cruz del Norte is a town and municipality in the Mayabeque Province of Cuba . Before 2011 it was part of La Habana Province . It is located on the north shore , between the cities of Havana and Matanzas , at the mouth of the Santa Cruz River .

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: del

text: Norte

text: is

text: town

text: and

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: Mayabeque

text: Province

text: of

text: Cuba

text: Before

text: it

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: La

text: Habana

text: Province

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: shore

text: between

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Havana

text: and

text: Matanzas

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: River

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_next_to_body_of_water santa cruz del norte

answer: florida strait

text: florida strait


text: Moravia  is a historical country in the Czech Republic (forming its eastern part) and one of the historical Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia. The medieval and early modern Margraviate of Moravia was a crown land of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (from 1348 to 1918), an imperial state of the Holy Roman Empire (1004 to 1806), later a crown land of the Austrian Empire (1804 to 1867) and briefly also one of 17 former crown lands of the Cisleithanian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1867 to 1918. During the early 20th century, Moravia was one of the five lands of Czechoslovakia from 1918 to 1928; it was then merged with Czech Silesia, and eventually dissolved by abolition of the land system in 1949.

text: Moravia

text: is

text: historical

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: forming

text: its

text: eastern

text: part

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: historical

text: Czech

text: lands

text: together

text: with

text: Bohemia

text: and

text: Czech

text: Silesia

text: The

text: medieval

text: and

text: early

text: modern

text: Margraviate

text: of

text: Moravia

text: was

text: crown

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Lands

text: of

text: the

text: Bohemian

text: Crown

text: from

text: to

text: an

text: imperial

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: to

text: later

text: crown

text: land

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: to

text: and

text: briefly

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: former

text: crown

text: lands

text: of

text: the

text: Cisleithanian

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: from

text: to

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: Moravia

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: lands

text: of

text: Czechoslovakia

text: from

text: to

text: it

text: was

text: then

text: merged

text: with

text: Czech

text: Silesia

text: and

text: eventually

text: dissolved

text: by

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: system

text: in

text: The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is one of the oldest universities in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich history, the University of Vienna has developed into one of the biggest universities in Europe, and also one of the most renowned, especially in the Humanities. It is associated with 15 Nobel prize winners and has been the academic home of a large number of figures both of historical and academic importance.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: is

text: public

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Vienna

text: Austria

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Duke

text: Rudolph

text: IV

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: speaking

text: world

text: With

text: its

text: long

text: and

text: rich

text: history

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: has

text: developed

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: universities

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: renowned

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: Humanities

text: It

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: Nobel

text: prize

text: winners

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: academic

text: home

text: of

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: figures

text: both

text: of

text: historical

text: and

text: academic

text: importance

text: Habilitation is a post-doctoral qualification or academic degree at some European and Central Asian, North African, and Latin American universities. It is conferred for a habilitation thesis based on independent scholarship, which was reviewed by and successfully defended before an academic committee in a process similar to that of a doctoral dissertation. In some countries, a habilitation degree is a required formal qualification to independently teach and examine a designated subject at the university level.

text: Habilitation

text: is

text: post

text: doctoral

text: qualification

text: or

text: academic

text: degree

text: at

text: some

text: European

text: and

text: Central

text: Asian

text: North

text: African

text: and

text: Latin

text: American

text: universities

text: It

text: is

text: conferred

text: for

text: habilitation

text: thesis

text: based

text: on

text: independent

text: scholarship

text: which

text: was

text: reviewed

text: by

text: and

text: successfully

text: defended

text: before

text: an

text: academic

text: committee

text: in

text: process

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: doctoral

text: dissertation

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: habilitation

text: degree

text: is

text: required

text: formal

text: qualification

text: to

text: independently

text: teach

text: and

text: examine

text: designated

text: subject

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: level

text: Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

text: Vienna

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: states

text: of

text: Austria

text: Vienna

text: is

text: Austria

text: 's

text: primary

text: city

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: within

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: nearly

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: Austria

text: 's

text: population

text: and

text: its

text: cultural

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: centre

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Until

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: German

text: speaking

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: before

text: the

text: splitting

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Today

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: after

text: Berlin

text: Vienna

text: is

text: host

text: to

text: many

text: major

text: international

text: organizations

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: OPEC

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: is

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Slovakia

text: and

text: Hungary

text: These

text: regions

text: work

text: together

text: in

text: European

text: Centrope

text: border

text: region

text: Along

text: with

text: nearby

text: Bratislava

text: Vienna

text: forms

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: with

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: was

text: designated

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Sigmund Freud ( born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856  23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. In 1938 Freud left Austria to escape the Nazis. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939.

text: Sigmund

text: Freud

text: born

text: Sigismund

text: Schlomo

text: Freud

text: May

text: September

text: was

text: an

text: Austrian

text: neurologist

text: and

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: psychoanalysis

text: clinical

text: method

text: for

text: treating

text: psychopathology

text: through

text: dialogue

text: between

text: patient

text: and

text: psychoanalyst

text: Freud

text: was

text: born

text: to

text: Galician

text: Jewish

text: parents

text: in

text: the

text: Moravian

text: town

text: of

text: Freiberg

text: in

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: He

text: qualified

text: as

text: doctor

text: of

text: medicine

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Vienna

text: Upon

text: completing

text: his

text: habilitation

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: appointed

text: docent

text: in

text: neuropathology

text: and

text: became

text: an

text: affiliated

text: professor

text: in

text: Freud

text: lived

text: and

text: worked

text: in

text: Vienna

text: having

text: set

text: up

text: his

text: clinical

text: practice

text: there

text: in

text: In

text: Freud

text: left

text: Austria

text: to

text: escape

text: the

text: Nazis

text: He

text: died

text: in

text: exile

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: Karl Abraham ( German : ( abaham ) ; 3 May 1877 -- 25 December 1925 ) was an early important and influential German psychoanalyst , and a collaborator of Sigmund Freud , who called him his ' best pupil ' .

text: Karl

text: Abraham

text: German

text: abaham

text: May

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: early

text: important

text: and

text: influential

text: German

text: psychoanalyst

text: and

text: collaborator

text: of

text: Sigmund

text: Freud

text: who

text: called

text: him

text: his

text: best

text: pupil

question: place_of_death karl abraham

answer: berlin

text: berlin