text: Oklahoma (Cherokee: "Asgaya gigageyi" /  ; or transliterated from English as  ("òàlàhoma"), Pawnee: "Uukuhuúwa", Cayuga: "Gahnawiyogeh") is a state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th-most extensive and the 28th-most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words "okla" and "humma", meaning "red people". It is also known informally by its nickname, "The Sooner State", in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on the choicest pieces of land before the official opening date, and the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which opened the door for white settlement in America's Indian Territory. The name was settled upon statehood, Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged and Indian was dropped from the name. On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as "Oklahomans", or informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.

text: Oklahoma

text: Cherokee

text: Asgaya

text: gigageyi

text: or

text: transliterated

text: from

text: English

text: as

text: òàlàhoma

text: Pawnee

text: Uukuhuúwa

text: Cayuga

text: Gahnawiyogeh

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Central

text: United

text: States

text: Oklahoma

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Choctaw

text: words

text: okla

text: and

text: humma

text: meaning

text: red

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: informally

text: by

text: its

text: nickname

text: The

text: Sooner

text: State

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: non

text: Native

text: settlers

text: who

text: staked

text: their

text: claims

text: on

text: the

text: choicest

text: pieces

text: of

text: land

text: before

text: the

text: official

text: opening

text: date

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Appropriations

text: Act

text: of

text: which

text: opened

text: the

text: door

text: for

text: white

text: settlement

text: in

text: America

text: 's

text: Indian

text: Territory

text: The

text: name

text: was

text: settled

text: upon

text: statehood

text: Oklahoma

text: Territory

text: and

text: Indian

text: Territory

text: were

text: merged

text: and

text: Indian

text: was

text: dropped

text: from

text: the

text: name

text: On

text: November

text: Oklahoma

text: became

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: enter

text: the

text: union

text: Its

text: residents

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Oklahomans

text: or

text: informally

text: Okies

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: Arkansas is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the Quapaw Indians. The state's diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the densely forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River and the Arkansas Delta.

text: Arkansas

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Its

text: name

text: is

text: of

text: Siouan

text: derivation

text: from

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Osage

text: denoting

text: their

text: related

text: kin

text: the

text: Quapaw

text: Indians

text: The

text: state

text: 's

text: diverse

text: geography

text: ranges

text: from

text: the

text: mountainous

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: Ozark

text: and

text: the

text: Ouachita

text: Mountains

text: which

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Interior

text: Highlands

text: to

text: the

text: densely

text: forested

text: land

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Arkansas

text: Timberlands

text: to

text: the

text: eastern

text: lowlands

text: along

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Arkansas

text: Delta

text: Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the city in the U.S. and the in Texas. It is the fastest growing city in the United States and the second most populated capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U.S. Census Bureau's July 1, 2015 estimate, Austin has a population of 931,830. Located in in the foothills of Texas Hill Country, the city is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways including Lady Bird Lake, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, the Colorado River, Lake Travis, and Lake Walter E. Long. It is the cultural and economic center of the metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,064,149 as of June 1, 2016.

text: Austin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Texas

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Travis

text: County

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: the

text: in

text: Texas

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populated

text: capital

text: city

text: after

text: Phoenix

text: Arizona

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: 's

text: July

text: estimate

text: Austin

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: Located

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: foothills

text: of

text: Texas

text: Hill

text: Country

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: lakes

text: rivers

text: and

text: waterways

text: including

text: Lady

text: Bird

text: Lake

text: Barton

text: Springs

text: McKinney

text: Falls

text: the

text: Colorado

text: River

text: Lake

text: Travis

text: and

text: Lake

text: Walter

text: Long

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: economic

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: which

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: June

text: The Anthony and Louise Viaer Alumni Hall , formerly the Administration Building , is a building on the campus of Huston - Tillotson University in Austin , Texas , United States . The building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as `` Administration Building '' . The building was named after Anthony E. Viaer , an alumnus of the Class of 1958 who gave a one million United States dollar scholarship opportunity to university students . It is located at 1820 E. Eighth St. in Austin , Texas and was built in 1914 . It includes Prairie School architecture . It is a historic building of Huston - Tillotson University , the oldest historically Black college in the area . It was actually formed of bricks manufactured by students of the school . The building was first nominated for National Register listing in 1986 , but was not then listed , due to owner objection . It was listed in 1993 .

text: The

text: Anthony

text: and

text: Louise

text: Viaer

text: Alumni

text: Hall

text: formerly

text: the

text: Administration

text: Building

text: is

text: building

text: on

text: the

text: campus

text: of

text: Huston

text: Tillotson

text: University

text: in

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: building

text: is

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: National

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Places

text: as

text: Administration

text: Building

text: The

text: building

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: Anthony

text: Viaer

text: an

text: alumnus

text: of

text: the

text: Class

text: of

text: who

text: gave

text: one

text: million

text: United

text: States

text: dollar

text: scholarship

text: opportunity

text: to

text: university

text: students

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: Eighth

text: St.

text: in

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: and

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: It

text: includes

text: Prairie

text: School

text: architecture

text: It

text: is

text: historic

text: building

text: of

text: Huston

text: Tillotson

text: University

text: the

text: oldest

text: historically

text: Black

text: college

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: It

text: was

text: actually

text: formed

text: of

text: bricks

text: manufactured

text: by

text: students

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: The

text: building

text: was

text: first

text: nominated

text: for

text: National

text: Register

text: listing

text: in

text: but

text: was

text: not

text: then

text: listed

text: due

text: to

text: owner

text: objection

text: It

text: was

text: listed

text: in

text: New Mexico is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. It was admitted to the union as the 47th state on January 6, 1912. It is usually considered one of the Mountain States. New Mexico is fifth by area, the 36th-most populous, and the sixth-least densely populated of the 50 United States.

text: New

text: Mexico

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: It

text: was

text: admitted

text: to

text: the

text: union

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: on

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Mountain

text: States

text: New

text: Mexico

text: is

text: fifth

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: least

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.

text: Mexico

text: modern

text: Nahuatl

text: officially

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Guatemala

text: Belize

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Covering

text: almost

text: two

text: million

text: square

text: kilometers

text: over

text: sq

text: mi

text: Mexico

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: Mexico

text: is

text: federation

text: comprising

text: states

text: and

text: federal

text: district

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Guadalajara

text: Monterrey

text: Puebla

text: Toluca

text: Tijuana

text: and

text: León

text: Tamaulipas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas, is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 43 municipalities and its capital city is Ciudad Victoria. The capital city was named after Guadalupe Victoria, the first President of Mexico.

text: Tamaulipas

text: officially

text: the

text: Free

text: and

text: Sovereign

text: State

text: of

text: Tamaulipas

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: which

text: with

text: Mexico

text: City

text: comprise

text: the

text: Federal

text: Entities

text: of

text: Mexico

text: It

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: municipalities

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Ciudad

text: Victoria

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: Guadalupe

text: Victoria

text: the

text: first

text: President

text: of

text: Mexico

text: "Built specifically to contain floodwaters" in a flash-flood prone region, Lake Travis is a reservoir on the Colorado River in central Texas in the United States. The reservoir was formed in 1942 by the construction of Mansfield Dam on the western edge of Austin, Texas by the Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA). Highlighting its purpose, even during its construction -- after a severe flood in July 1938 -- the height of the dam was raised to add storage capacity for floodwaters.

text: Built

text: specifically

text: to

text: contain

text: floodwaters

text: in

text: flash

text: flood

text: prone

text: region

text: Lake

text: Travis

text: is

text: reservoir

text: on

text: the

text: Colorado

text: River

text: in

text: central

text: Texas

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: reservoir

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: Mansfield

text: Dam

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: by

text: the

text: Lower

text: Colorado

text: River

text: Authority

text: LCRA

text: Highlighting

text: its

text: purpose

text: even

text: during

text: its

text: construction

text: after

text: severe

text: flood

text: in

text: July

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: dam

text: was

text: raised

text: to

text: add

text: storage

text: capacity

text: for

text: floodwaters

text: Louisiana (or  ; Louisiana Creole: "Léta de la Lwizyàn") is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are the local government's equivalent to counties. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, and the largest by total area is Plaquemines. Louisiana is bordered by Arkansas to the north, Mississippi to the east, Texas to the west, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south.

text: Louisiana

text: or

text: Louisiana

text: Creole

text: Léta

text: de

text: la

text: Lwizyàn

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Louisiana

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Baton

text: Rouge

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: New

text: Orleans

text: Louisiana

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: with

text: political

text: subdivisions

text: termed

text: parishes

text: which

text: are

text: the

text: local

text: government

text: 's

text: equivalent

text: to

text: counties

text: The

text: largest

text: parish

text: by

text: population

text: is

text: East

text: Baton

text: Rouge

text: Parish

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: is

text: Plaquemines

text: Louisiana

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Arkansas

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Mississippi

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Texas

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The Texas Hill Country is a 25-county region of Central Texas and South Texas featuring karst topography and tall rugged hills consisting of thin layers of soil atop limestone or granite. It also includes the Llano Uplift and the second largest granite dome in the United States, Enchanted Rock. The Hill Country reaches into portions of the two major metropolitan areas, especially in San Antonio's northern suburbs and the western half of Travis County, ending southwest of Downtown Austin. The region is the eastern portion of the Edwards Plateau and is bound by the Balcones Fault on the east and the Llano Uplift to the west and north. The terrain is punctuated by a large number of limestone or granite rocks and boulders and a thin layer of topsoil, which makes the region very dry and prone to flash flooding. The Texas Hill Country is also home to several native types of vegetation, such as various yucca, prickly pear cactus, cedar scrub, and the dry Southwestern tree known as the Texas live oak.

text: The

text: Texas

text: Hill

text: Country

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: Central

text: Texas

text: and

text: South

text: Texas

text: featuring

text: karst

text: topography

text: and

text: tall

text: rugged

text: hills

text: consisting

text: of

text: thin

text: layers

text: of

text: soil

text: atop

text: limestone

text: or

text: granite

text: It

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: Llano

text: Uplift

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: granite

text: dome

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Enchanted

text: Rock

text: The

text: Hill

text: Country

text: reaches

text: into

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: major

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: especially

text: in

text: San

text: Antonio

text: 's

text: northern

text: suburbs

text: and

text: the

text: western

text: half

text: of

text: Travis

text: County

text: ending

text: southwest

text: of

text: Downtown

text: Austin

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Edwards

text: Plateau

text: and

text: is

text: bound

text: by

text: the

text: Balcones

text: Fault

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Llano

text: Uplift

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: The

text: terrain

text: is

text: punctuated

text: by

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: limestone

text: or

text: granite

text: rocks

text: and

text: boulders

text: and

text: thin

text: layer

text: of

text: topsoil

text: which

text: makes

text: the

text: region

text: very

text: dry

text: and

text: prone

text: to

text: flash

text: flooding

text: The

text: Texas

text: Hill

text: Country

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: several

text: native

text: types

text: of

text: vegetation

text: such

text: as

text: various

text: yucca

text: prickly

text: pear

text: cactus

text: cedar

text: scrub

text: and

text: the

text: dry

text: Southwestern

text: tree

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Texas

text: live

text: oak

text: Nuevo León, or New Leon, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León, is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, compose the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 51 municipalities and its capital city is Monterrey.

text: Nuevo

text: León

text: or

text: New

text: Leon

text: officially

text: the

text: Free

text: and

text: Sovereign

text: State

text: of

text: Nuevo

text: León

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: which

text: with

text: Mexico

text: City

text: compose

text: the

text: Federal

text: Entities

text: of

text: Mexico

text: It

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: municipalities

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Monterrey

text: Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Geographically located in the south central part of the country, Texas shares borders with the U.S. states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the southwest, while the Gulf of Mexico is to the southeast.

text: Texas

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: Geographically

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Texas

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Louisiana

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Arkansas

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Oklahoma

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: New

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mexican

text: states

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: Coahuila

text: Nuevo

text: León

text: and

text: Tamaulipas

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: while

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona. With 1,563,025 people, Phoenix is the sixth most populous city nationwide, the most populous state capital in the United States, and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents.

text: Phoenix

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Arizona

text: With

text: people

text: Phoenix

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: nationwide

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: capital

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: state

text: capital

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: million

text: residents

text: Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza, is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, compose the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. The state is located in Northeastern Mexico on the US border.

text: Coahuila

text: formally

text: Coahuila

text: de

text: Zaragoza

text: officially

text: the

text: Free

text: and

text: Sovereign

text: State

text: of

text: Coahuila

text: de

text: Zaragoza

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: which

text: along

text: with

text: Mexico

text: City

text: compose

text: the

text: Federal

text: Entities

text: of

text: Mexico

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Northeastern

text: Mexico

text: on

text: the

text: US

text: border

text: The Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the "Third Coast" in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts, or sometimes the "south coast", in juxtaposition to the Great Lakes region being the "north coast." One of the gulf's seven main areas is the Gulf of Mexico basin.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: is

text: an

text: ocean

text: basin

text: largely

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: northeast

text: north

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: Coast

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: Mexico

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Cuba

text: The

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Alabama

text: Florida

text: Louisiana

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: Texas

text: border

text: the

text: Gulf

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: which

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Third

text: Coast

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Pacific

text: coasts

text: or

text: sometimes

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: in

text: juxtaposition

text: to

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: region

text: being

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: gulf

text: 's

text: seven

text: main

text: areas

text: is

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: basin

text: Lady Bird Lake (formerly Town Lake) is a reservoir on the Colorado River in Downtown Austin, Texas, in the United States. It was created in 1960 by the construction of Longhorn Dam and is owned and operated by the City of Austin in cooperation with the Lower Colorado River Authority. The surface area of the lake is , and it is used primarily for flood control and recreation. Located on the lake's shoreline are various hotels and apartments, as well as the Auditorium Shores park and the Austin Hike and Bike Trail. It is named, after former First and Second Lady of the United States Lady Bird Johnson, wife of President Lyndon B. Johnson.

text: Lady

text: Bird

text: Lake

text: formerly

text: Town

text: Lake

text: is

text: reservoir

text: on

text: the

text: Colorado

text: River

text: in

text: Downtown

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: Longhorn

text: Dam

text: and

text: is

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Austin

text: in

text: cooperation

text: with

text: the

text: Lower

text: Colorado

text: River

text: Authority

text: The

text: surface

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: is

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: primarily

text: for

text: flood

text: control

text: and

text: recreation

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: lake

text: 's

text: shoreline

text: are

text: various

text: hotels

text: and

text: apartments

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Auditorium

text: Shores

text: park

text: and

text: the

text: Austin

text: Hike

text: and

text: Bike

text: Trail

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: former

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Lady

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Lady

text: Bird

text: Johnson

text: wife

text: of

text: President

text: Lyndon

text: Johnson

text: A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody).

text: U.S.

text: state

text: is

text: constituent

text: political

text: entity

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: There

text: are

text: states

text: which

text: are

text: bound

text: together

text: in

text: union

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: Each

text: state

text: holds

text: administrative

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: defined

text: geographic

text: territory

text: and

text: shares

text: its

text: sovereignty

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: federal

text: government

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: shared

text: sovereignty

text: between

text: each

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: Americans

text: are

text: citizens

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: federal

text: republic

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: reside

text: State

text: citizenship

text: and

text: residency

text: are

text: flexible

text: and

text: no

text: government

text: approval

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: move

text: between

text: states

text: except

text: for

text: persons

text: covered

text: by

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: court

text: orders

text: e.g.

text: paroled

text: convicts

text: and

text: children

text: of

text: divorced

text: spouses

text: who

text: are

text: sharing

text: custody

text: Lake Walter E. Long (also known as Decker Lake) is a power plant cooling reservoir on Decker Creek in Austin, Texas. The reservoir was officially impounded in 1967 and serves to provide water for turbines used in the production of electricity from petroleum-based fuels. The dam and the lake are managed by the City of Austin. Surrounding Lake Walter E. Long is the city of Austin's Lake Walter E. Long Metropolitan Park, a popular recreational destination.

text: Lake

text: Walter

text: Long

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Decker

text: Lake

text: is

text: power

text: plant

text: cooling

text: reservoir

text: on

text: Decker

text: Creek

text: in

text: Austin

text: Texas

text: The

text: reservoir

text: was

text: officially

text: impounded

text: in

text: and

text: serves

text: to

text: provide

text: water

text: for

text: turbines

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: electricity

text: from

text: petroleum

text: based

text: fuels

text: The

text: dam

text: and

text: the

text: lake

text: are

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Austin

text: Surrounding

text: Lake

text: Walter

text: Long

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Austin

text: 's

text: Lake

text: Walter

text: Long

text: Metropolitan

text: Park

text: popular

text: recreational

text: destination

question: instance_of anthony and louise viaer alumni hall

answer: construction

text: construction

text: construction

text: construction


text: A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions. It is to be distinguished from "musical form" and "musical style", although in practice these terms are sometimes used interchangeably. Recently, academics have argued that categorizing music by genre is inaccurate and outdated.

text: music

text: genre

text: is

text: conventional

text: category

text: that

text: identifies

text: some

text: pieces

text: of

text: music

text: as

text: belonging

text: to

text: shared

text: tradition

text: or

text: set

text: of

text: conventions

text: It

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: musical

text: form

text: and

text: musical

text: style

text: although

text: in

text: practice

text: these

text: terms

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: Recently

text: academics

text: have

text: argued

text: that

text: categorizing

text: music

text: by

text: genre

text: is

text: inaccurate

text: and

text: outdated

text: Antoine "Fats" Domino, Jr. (born February 26, 1928) is an American pianist and singer-songwriter of French Creole descent. Five of his records released before 1955 sold over a million copies and were certified as gold records, and he had 35 records in the U.S. Top 40. His musical style is based on traditional rhythm and blues, accompanied by saxophones, bass, piano, electric guitar, and drums.

text: Antoine

text: Fats

text: Domino

text: Jr.

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: pianist

text: and

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: of

text: French

text: Creole

text: descent

text: Five

text: of

text: his

text: records

text: released

text: before

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: copies

text: and

text: were

text: certified

text: as

text: gold

text: records

text: and

text: he

text: had

text: records

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Top

text: His

text: musical

text: style

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: traditional

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: accompanied

text: by

text: saxophones

text: bass

text: piano

text: electric

text: guitar

text: and

text: drums

text: Rocksteady is a music genre that originated in Jamaica around 1966. A successor of ska and a precursor to reggae, rocksteady was performed by Jamaican vocal harmony groups such as The Gaylads, The Maytals, The Heptones and The Paragons. The term "rocksteady" comes from a dance style that was mentioned in the Alton Ellis song "Rock Steady". Dances performed to rocksteady were less energetic than the earlier ska dances. The first international rocksteady hit was "Hold Me Tight" (1968) by the American soul singer Johnny Nash; it reached number one in Canada.

text: Rocksteady

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: Jamaica

text: around

text: successor

text: of

text: ska

text: and

text: precursor

text: to

text: reggae

text: rocksteady

text: was

text: performed

text: by

text: Jamaican

text: vocal

text: harmony

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Gaylads

text: The

text: Maytals

text: The

text: Heptones

text: and

text: The

text: Paragons

text: The

text: term

text: rocksteady

text: comes

text: from

text: dance

text: style

text: that

text: was

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Alton

text: Ellis

text: song

text: Rock

text: Steady

text: Dances

text: performed

text: to

text: rocksteady

text: were

text: less

text: energetic

text: than

text: the

text: earlier

text: ska

text: dances

text: The

text: first

text: international

text: rocksteady

text: hit

text: was

text: Hold

text: Me

text: Tight

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: soul

text: singer

text: Johnny

text: Nash

text: it

text: reached

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: Canada

text: John Lester "Johnny" Nash, Jr. (born August 19, 1940) is an American rocksteady singer-songwriter, best known in the US for his 1972 hit, "I Can See Clearly Now". He was also one of the first non-Jamaican singers to record reggae music in Kingston, Jamaica.

text: John

text: Lester

text: Johnny

text: Nash

text: Jr.

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rocksteady

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: best

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: for

text: his

text: hit

text: Can

text: See

text: Clearly

text: Now

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: non

text: Jamaican

text: singers

text: to

text: record

text: reggae

text: music

text: in

text: Kingston

text: Jamaica

text: The Heptones are a Jamaican rocksteady and reggae vocal trio most active in the 1960s and early 1970s. They were one of the more significant trios of that era, and played a major role in the gradual transition between ska and rocksteady into reggae with their three-part harmonies. The Heptones were contemporaries of the Wailers and the Maytals, and every bit their equal in the mid-60's.

text: The

text: Heptones

text: are

text: Jamaican

text: rocksteady

text: and

text: reggae

text: vocal

text: trio

text: most

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: They

text: were

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: significant

text: trios

text: of

text: that

text: era

text: and

text: played

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: gradual

text: transition

text: between

text: ska

text: and

text: rocksteady

text: into

text: reggae

text: with

text: their

text: three

text: part

text: harmonies

text: The

text: Heptones

text: were

text: contemporaries

text: of

text: the

text: Wailers

text: and

text: the

text: Maytals

text: and

text: every

text: bit

text: their

text: equal

text: in

text: the

text: 's

text: Toots and the Maytals, originally called The Maytals, are a Jamaican musical group and one of the best known ska and rock steady vocal groups. The Maytals were formed in the early 1960s and were key figures in popularizing reggae music. Frontman Toots Hibbert's soulful vocal style has been compared to Otis Redding, and led him to be named one of the 100 Greatest Singers by "Rolling Stone". Their 1968 single "Do the Reggay", was the first song to first use the word "reggae", naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. As Island Records founder Chris Blackwell says, The Maytals were unlike anything else...sensational, raw and dynamic.

text: Toots

text: and

text: the

text: Maytals

text: originally

text: called

text: The

text: Maytals

text: are

text: Jamaican

text: musical

text: group

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: ska

text: and

text: rock

text: steady

text: vocal

text: groups

text: The

text: Maytals

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: were

text: key

text: figures

text: in

text: popularizing

text: reggae

text: music

text: Frontman

text: Toots

text: Hibbert

text: 's

text: soulful

text: vocal

text: style

text: has

text: been

text: compared

text: to

text: Otis

text: Redding

text: and

text: led

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: named

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Singers

text: by

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: Their

text: single

text: Do

text: the

text: Reggay

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: song

text: to

text: first

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: reggae

text: naming

text: the

text: genre

text: and

text: introducing

text: it

text: to

text: global

text: audience

text: As

text: Island

text: Records

text: founder

text: Chris

text: Blackwell

text: says

text: The

text: Maytals

text: were

text: unlike

text: anything

text: else

text: sensational

text: raw

text: and

text: dynamic

text: Allen Toussaint (January 14, 1938  November 10, 2015) was an American musician, songwriter, arranger and record producer, who was an influential figure in New Orleans R&B from the 1950s to the end of the century, described as "one of popular musics great backroom figures." Many musicians recorded Toussaint's compositions, including "Java", "Mother-in-Law", "I Like It Like That", "Fortune Teller", "Ride Your Pony", "Get Out of My Life, Woman", "Working in the Coal Mine", "Everything I Do Gonna Be Funky", "Here Come the Girls", "Yes We Can Can", "Play Something Sweet", and "Southern Nights". He was a producer for hundreds of recordings, among the best known of which are "Right Place, Wrong Time", by his longtime friend Dr. John ("Mac" Rebennack), and "Lady Marmalade", by Labelle.

text: Allen

text: Toussaint

text: January

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: songwriter

text: arranger

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: who

text: was

text: an

text: influential

text: figure

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: R&B

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: described

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: popular

text: musics

text: great

text: backroom

text: figures

text: Many

text: musicians

text: recorded

text: Toussaint

text: 's

text: compositions

text: including

text: Java

text: Mother

text: in

text: Law

text: Like

text: It

text: Like

text: That

text: Fortune

text: Teller

text: Ride

text: Your

text: Pony

text: Get

text: Out

text: of

text: My

text: Life

text: Woman

text: Working

text: in

text: the

text: Coal

text: Mine

text: Everything

text: Do

text: Gon

text: Be

text: Funky

text: Here

text: Come

text: the

text: Girls

text: Yes

text: We

text: Can

text: Can

text: Play

text: Something

text: Sweet

text: and

text: Southern

text: Nights

text: He

text: was

text: producer

text: for

text: hundreds

text: of

text: recordings

text: among

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: Right

text: Place

text: Wrong

text: Time

text: by

text: his

text: longtime

text: friend

text: Dr.

text: John

text: Mac

text: Rebennack

text: and

text: Lady

text: Marmalade

text: by

text: Labelle

text:
Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat" was becoming more popular.
In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, the bands usually consisted of piano, one or two guitars, bass, drums, saxophone, and sometimes background vocalists. R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, and sex.

text: Rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: R&B

text: or

text: RnB

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: popular

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: originally

text: used

text: by

text: record

text: companies

text: to

text: describe

text: recordings

text: marketed

text: predominantly

text: to

text: urban

text: African

text: Americans

text: at

text: time

text: when

text: urbane

text: rocking

text: jazz

text: based

text: music

text: with

text: heavy

text: insistent

text: beat

text: was

text: becoming

text: more

text: popular

text: In

text: the

text: commercial

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: music

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: through

text: the

text: the

text: bands

text: usually

text: consisted

text: of

text: piano

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: guitars

text: bass

text: drums

text: saxophone

text: and

text: sometimes

text: background

text: vocalists

text: R&B

text: lyrical

text: themes

text: often

text: encapsulate

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: experience

text: of

text: pain

text: and

text: the

text: quest

text: for

text: freedom

text: and

text: joy

text: Lyrics

text: focus

text: heavily

text: on

text: the

text: themes

text: of

text: triumphs

text: and

text: failures

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: relationships

text: freedom

text: economics

text: aspirations

text: and

text: sex

text: Mento is a style of Jamaican folk music that predates and has greatly influenced ska and reggae music. Mento typically features acoustic instruments, such as acoustic guitar, banjo, hand drums, and the rhumba box  a large mbira in the shape of a box that can be sat on while played. The rhumba box carries the bass part of the music.

text: Mento

text: is

text: style

text: of

text: Jamaican

text: folk

text: music

text: that

text: predates

text: and

text: has

text: greatly

text: influenced

text: ska

text: and

text: reggae

text: music

text: Mento

text: typically

text: features

text: acoustic

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: banjo

text: hand

text: drums

text: and

text: the

text: rhumba

text: box

text: large

text: mbira

text: in

text: the

text: shape

text: of

text: box

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: sat

text: on

text: while

text: played

text: The

text: rhumba

text: box

text: carries

text: the

text: bass

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms".

text: Jazz

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: amongst

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: Since

text: the

text: jazz

text: age

text: jazz

text: has

text: become

text: recognized

text: as

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: musical

text: expression

text: It

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: independent

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: musical

text: styles

text: all

text: linked

text: by

text: the

text: common

text: bonds

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: European

text: American

text: musical

text: parentage

text: with

text: performance

text: orientation

text: Jazz

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: swing

text: and

text: blue

text: notes

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: vocals

text: polyrhythms

text: and

text: improvisation

text: Jazz

text: has

text: roots

text: in

text: West

text: African

text: cultural

text: and

text: musical

text: expression

text: and

text: in

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: traditions

text: including

text: blues

text: and

text: ragtime

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: European

text: military

text: band

text: music

text: Although

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: jazz

text: is

text: deeply

text: rooted

text: within

text: the

text: Black

text: experience

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: different

text: cultures

text: have

text: contributed

text: their

text: own

text: experience

text: and

text: styles

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: form

text: as

text: well

text: Intellectuals

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: have

text: hailed

text: jazz

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: original

text: art

text: forms

text: Alton Nehemiah Ellis OD (1 September 1938  10 October 2008) was a Jamaican singer-songwriter. One of the innovators of rocksteady who was given the informal title "Godfather of Rocksteady". In 2006, he was inducted into the International Reggae And World Music Awards Hall Of Fame.

text: Alton

text: Nehemiah

text: Ellis

text: OD

text: September

text: October

text: was

text: Jamaican

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: innovators

text: of

text: rocksteady

text: who

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: informal

text: title

text: Godfather

text: of

text: Rocksteady

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: International

text: Reggae

text: And

text: World

text: Music

text: Awards

text: Hall

text: Of

text: Fame

text: Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea, consisting of the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles. The island, in area, lies about south of Cuba, and west of Hispaniola (the island containing the nation-states of Haiti and the Dominican Republic). Jamaica is the fourth-largest island country in the Caribbean, by area.

text: Jamaica

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: country

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: Antilles

text: The

text: island

text: in

text: area

text: lies

text: about

text: south

text: of

text: Cuba

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Hispaniola

text: the

text: island

text: containing

text: the

text: nation

text: states

text: of

text: Haiti

text: and

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: Jamaica

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: by

text: area

text: Ska (Jamaican ) is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae. Ska combined elements of Caribbean mento and calypso with American jazz and rhythm and blues. It is characterized by a walking bass line accented with rhythms on the off-beat. Ska developed in Jamaica in the 1960s when Prince Buster, Clement "Coxsone" Dodd, and Duke Reid formed sound systems to play American rhythm & blues and then began recording their own songs. Some suggest ska dates to earlier times, however. In the early 1960s, ska was the dominant music genre of Jamaica and was popular with British mods. Later it became popular with many skinheads.

text: Ska

text: Jamaican

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: Jamaica

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: precursor

text: to

text: rocksteady

text: and

text: reggae

text: Ska

text: combined

text: elements

text: of

text: Caribbean

text: mento

text: and

text: calypso

text: with

text: American

text: jazz

text: and

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: It

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: walking

text: bass

text: line

text: accented

text: with

text: rhythms

text: on

text: the

text: off

text: beat

text: Ska

text: developed

text: in

text: Jamaica

text: in

text: the

text: when

text: Prince

text: Buster

text: Clement

text: Coxsone

text: Dodd

text: and

text: Duke

text: Reid

text: formed

text: sound

text: systems

text: to

text: play

text: American

text: rhythm

text: blues

text: and

text: then

text: began

text: recording

text: their

text: own

text: songs

text: Some

text: suggest

text: ska

text: dates

text: to

text: earlier

text: times

text: however

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: ska

text: was

text: the

text: dominant

text: music

text: genre

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: and

text: was

text: popular

text: with

text: British

text: mods

text: Later

text: it

text: became

text: popular

text: with

text: many

text: skinheads

text: The Paragons were a ska and rocksteady vocal group from Kingston, Jamaica, initially active in the 1960s. Their most famous track was "The Tide Is High", written by band member John Holt.

text: The

text: Paragons

text: were

text: ska

text: and

text: rocksteady

text: vocal

text: group

text: from

text: Kingston

text: Jamaica

text: initially

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: Their

text: most

text: famous

text: track

text: was

text: The

text: Tide

text: Is

text: High

text: written

text: by

text: band

text: member

text: John

text: Holt

text: The Gaylads are a Jamaican vocal group. They were one of the top rocksteady vocal groups active in Jamaica between 1963 and 1973.

text: The

text: Gaylads

text: are

text: Jamaican

text: vocal

text: group

text: They

text: were

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: rocksteady

text: vocal

text: groups

text: active

text: in

text: Jamaica

text: between

text: and

text: Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals "Do the Reggay" was the first popular song to use the word "reggae," effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term "reggae" more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as American jazz and rhythm and blues, especially the New Orleans R&B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint, and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady. Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political comment. Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field, being known first as Rudie Blues, then Ska, later Blue Beat, and Rock Steady. It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat, and the offbeat rhythm section. The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady; from the latter, reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument.

text: Reggae

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: Jamaica

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: The

text: term

text: also

text: denotes

text: the

text: modern

text: popular

text: music

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: and

text: its

text: diaspora

text: single

text: by

text: Toots

text: and

text: the

text: Maytals

text: Do

text: the

text: Reggay

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: popular

text: song

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: reggae

text: effectively

text: naming

text: the

text: genre

text: and

text: introducing

text: it

text: to

text: global

text: audience

text: While

text: sometimes

text: used

text: in

text: broad

text: sense

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: most

text: types

text: of

text: popular

text: Jamaican

text: dance

text: music

text: the

text: term

text: reggae

text: more

text: properly

text: denotes

text: particular

text: music

text: style

text: that

text: was

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: by

text: traditional

text: mento

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: American

text: jazz

text: and

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: especially

text: the

text: New

text: Orleans

text: R&B

text: practiced

text: by

text: Fats

text: Domino

text: and

text: Allen

text: Toussaint

text: and

text: evolved

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: earlier

text: genres

text: ska

text: and

text: rocksteady

text: Reggae

text: usually

text: relates

text: news

text: social

text: gossip

text: and

text: political

text: comment

text: Reggae

text: spread

text: into

text: commercialized

text: jazz

text: field

text: being

text: known

text: first

text: as

text: Rudie

text: Blues

text: then

text: Ska

text: later

text: Blue

text: Beat

text: and

text: Rock

text: Steady

text: It

text: is

text: instantly

text: recognizable

text: from

text: the

text: counterpoint

text: between

text: the

text: bass

text: and

text: drum

text: downbeat

text: and

text: the

text: offbeat

text: rhythm

text: section

text: The

text: immediate

text: origins

text: of

text: reggae

text: were

text: in

text: ska

text: and

text: rock

text: steady

text: from

text: the

text: latter

text: reggae

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: bass

text: as

text: percussion

text: instrument

text: The Cables are a Jamaican rocksteady / reggae vocal trio led by Keble Drummond , who recorded for Studio One in the late 1960s .

text: The

text: Cables

text: are

text: Jamaican

text: rocksteady

text: reggae

text: vocal

text: trio

text: led

text: by

text: Keble

text: Drummond

text: who

text: recorded

text: for

text: Studio

text: One

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: "Do the Reggay" is a reggae song by The Maytals. Written by Toots Hibbert, produced by Leslie Kong and released on Beverly's Records in Jamaica and Pyramid Records in the UK in 1968. "Do the Reggay" was the first popular song to use the word "reggae" and defined the developing genre by giving it its name. At that time, "reggay" had been the name of a passing dance fashion in Jamaica, but the song's connection of the word with the music itself led to its use for the style of music that developed from it.

text: Do

text: the

text: Reggay

text: is

text: reggae

text: song

text: by

text: The

text: Maytals

text: Written

text: by

text: Toots

text: Hibbert

text: produced

text: by

text: Leslie

text: Kong

text: and

text: released

text: on

text: Beverly

text: 's

text: Records

text: in

text: Jamaica

text: and

text: Pyramid

text: Records

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: in

text: Do

text: the

text: Reggay

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: popular

text: song

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: reggae

text: and

text: defined

text: the

text: developing

text: genre

text: by

text: giving

text: it

text: its

text: name

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: reggay

text: had

text: been

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: passing

text: dance

text: fashion

text: in

text: Jamaica

text: but

text: the

text: song

text: 's

text: connection

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: with

text: the

text: music

text: itself

text: led

text: to

text: its

text: use

text: for

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: music

text: that

text: developed

text: from

text: it

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of the cables

answer: band

text: band

text: band


text: A six or six-day is a track cycling race that lasts six days. Six-day races started in Britain, spread to many regions of the world, were brought to their modern style in the United States and are now mainly a European event. Initially, individuals competed alone, the winner being the individual who completed the most laps. However, the format was changed to allow teams (usually of two riders each), one rider racing while the other rested. The 24-hours a day regime has also been relaxed, so that most six-day races involve six nights of racing, typically from 6pm to 2am, on indoor tracks (velodromes).

text: six

text: or

text: six

text: day

text: is

text: track

text: cycling

text: race

text: that

text: lasts

text: six

text: days

text: Six

text: day

text: races

text: started

text: in

text: Britain

text: spread

text: to

text: many

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: were

text: brought

text: to

text: their

text: modern

text: style

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: are

text: now

text: mainly

text: European

text: event

text: Initially

text: individuals

text: competed

text: alone

text: the

text: winner

text: being

text: the

text: individual

text: who

text: completed

text: the

text: most

text: laps

text: However

text: the

text: format

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: allow

text: teams

text: usually

text: of

text: two

text: riders

text: each

text: one

text: rider

text: racing

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: rested

text: The

text: day

text: regime

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: relaxed

text: so

text: that

text: most

text: six

text: day

text: races

text: involve

text: six

text: nights

text: of

text: racing

text: typically

text: from

text: pm

text: to

text: am

text: on

text: indoor

text: tracks

text: velodromes

text: Track cycling is a bicycle racing sport usually held on specially built banked tracks or velodromes (but many events are held at older velodromes where the track banking is relatively shallow) using track bicycles.

text: Track

text: cycling

text: is

text: bicycle

text: racing

text: sport

text: usually

text: held

text: on

text: specially

text: built

text: banked

text: tracks

text: or

text: velodromes

text: but

text: many

text: events

text: are

text: held

text: at

text: older

text: velodromes

text: where

text: the

text: track

text: banking

text: is

text: relatively

text: shallow

text: using

text: track

text: bicycles

text: Peter Anthony Drobach , Sr. ( November 23 , 1890 -- November 24 , 1947 ) was an American track cyclist who was a professional rider between 1908 and 1922 . Especially in the 1910s , he enjoyed many successes in six - day racing .

text: Peter

text: Anthony

text: Drobach

text: Sr

text: November

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: track

text: cyclist

text: who

text: was

text: professional

text: rider

text: between

text: and

text: Especially

text: in

text: the

text: he

text: enjoyed

text: many

text: successes

text: in

text: six

text: day

text: racing

annotations: likely single

question: sport peter drobach

answer: track cycling

text: track cycling

text: track cycling


text: A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string players  two violin players, a viola player and a cellist  or a piece written to be performed by such a group. The string quartet is one of the most prominent chamber ensembles in classical music, with most major composers, from the mid to late 18th century onwards, writing string quartets.

text: string

text: quartet

text: is

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: of

text: four

text: string

text: players

text: two

text: violin

text: players

text: viola

text: player

text: and

text: cellist

text: or

text: piece

text: written

text: to

text: be

text: performed

text: by

text: such

text: group

text: The

text: string

text: quartet

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: chamber

text: ensembles

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: with

text: most

text: major

text: composers

text: from

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: century

text: onwards

text: writing

text: string

text: quartets

text: Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence, which exist in time. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives from Greek  ("mousike"; "art of the Muses"). In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound."

text: Music

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: and

text: cultural

text: activity

text: whose

text: medium

text: is

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: which

text: exist

text: in

text: time

text: The

text: common

text: elements

text: of

text: music

text: are

text: pitch

text: which

text: governs

text: melody

text: and

text: harmony

text: rhythm

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: concepts

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: articulation

text: dynamics

text: loudness

text: and

text: softness

text: and

text: the

text: sonic

text: qualities

text: of

text: timbre

text: and

text: texture

text: which

text: are

text: sometimes

text: termed

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: musical

text: sound

text: Different

text: styles

text: or

text: types

text: of

text: music

text: may

text: emphasize

text: de

text: emphasize

text: or

text: omit

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: elements

text: Music

text: is

text: performed

text: with

text: vast

text: range

text: of

text: instruments

text: and

text: vocal

text: techniques

text: ranging

text: from

text: singing

text: to

text: rapping

text: there

text: are

text: solely

text: instrumental

text: pieces

text: solely

text: vocal

text: pieces

text: such

text: as

text: songs

text: without

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: pieces

text: that

text: combine

text: singing

text: and

text: instruments

text: The

text: word

text: derives

text: from

text: Greek

text: mousike

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: Muses

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: the

text: activities

text: describing

text: music

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: music

text: songs

text: tunes

text: symphonies

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: music

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: examination

text: of

text: music

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: and

text: Indian

text: philosophers

text: defined

text: music

text: as

text: tones

text: ordered

text: horizontally

text: as

text: melodies

text: and

text: vertically

text: as

text: harmonies

text: Common

text: sayings

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: harmony

text: of

text: the

text: spheres

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: music

text: to

text: my

text: ears

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: music

text: is

text: often

text: ordered

text: and

text: pleasant

text: to

text: listen

text: to

text: However

text: century

text: composer

text: John

text: Cage

text: thought

text: that

text: any

text: sound

text: can

text: be

text: music

text: saying

text: for

text: example

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: noise

text: only

text: sound

text: A choir (also known as a chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform. Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, and/or popular music repertoire. Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.

text: choir

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: chorale

text: or

text: chorus

text: is

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: of

text: singers

text: Choral

text: music

text: in

text: turn

text: is

text: the

text: music

text: written

text: specifically

text: for

text: such

text: an

text: ensemble

text: to

text: perform

text: Choirs

text: may

text: perform

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: music

text: repertoire

text: which

text: spans

text: from

text: the

text: Medieval

text: era

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: and/or

text: popular

text: music

text: repertoire

text: Most

text: choirs

text: are

text: led

text: by

text: conductor

text: who

text: leads

text: the

text: performances

text: with

text: arm

text: and

text: face

text: gestures

text: Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of music notation that uses modern musical symbols to indicate the pitches (melodies), rhythms and/or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece. Like its analogs  printed books or pamphlets in English, Arabic or other languages  the medium of sheet music typically is paper (or, in earlier centuries, papyrus or parchment), although the access to musical notation since the 1980s has included the presentation of musical notation on computer screens and the development of scorewriter computer programs that can notate a song or piece electronically, and, in some cases, "play back" the notated music using a synthesizer or virtual instruments.

text: Sheet

text: music

text: is

text: handwritten

text: or

text: printed

text: form

text: of

text: music

text: notation

text: that

text: uses

text: modern

text: musical

text: symbols

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: pitches

text: melodies

text: rhythms

text: and/or

text: chords

text: of

text: song

text: or

text: instrumental

text: musical

text: piece

text: Like

text: its

text: analogs

text: printed

text: books

text: or

text: pamphlets

text: in

text: English

text: Arabic

text: or

text: other

text: languages

text: the

text: medium

text: of

text: sheet

text: music

text: typically

text: is

text: paper

text: or

text: in

text: earlier

text: centuries

text: papyrus

text: or

text: parchment

text: although

text: the

text: access

text: to

text: musical

text: notation

text: since

text: the

text: has

text: included

text: the

text: presentation

text: of

text: musical

text: notation

text: on

text: computer

text: screens

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: scorewriter

text: computer

text: programs

text: that

text: can

text: notate

text: song

text: or

text: piece

text: electronically

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: play

text: back

text: the

text: notated

text: music

text: using

text: synthesizer

text: or

text: virtual

text: instruments

text: Dennis William Townhill OBE ( 29 May 1925 -- 18 July 2008 ) was an English organist and composer . Born in Lincoln , he was educated at Lincoln School and studied under Dr Gordon Archbold Slater at Lincoln Cathedral . Townhill composed a set of responses for use at Anglican evensong . In 1970 , Townhill became the driving force of a plan not only to safeguard the future of the Choir School of St Mary 's Cathedral , Edinburgh but to transform it into a new and vibrant entity . In 1972 , the school was expanded into a specialist music school on the lines of the Yehudi Menuhin School , with Lord Menuhin becoming patron and referring to it as `` my younger sister - school in Scotland '' . He was organist and choir master at : St Paul 's Church , Burton on Trent . 1942 -- 1943 St. Mary le Wigford 's Church , Lincoln 1943 -- 1947 St. Mary Magdalene , Bailgate , Lincoln , Lincoln 1947 -- 1949 St James Church , Louth 1949 -- 1956 Grimsby Parish Church 1956 -- 1961 St Mary 's Cathedral , Edinburgh 1961 -- 1991 He retired in 1991 .

text: Dennis

text: William

text: Townhill

text: OBE

text: May

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: organist

text: and

text: composer

text: Born

text: in

text: Lincoln

text: he

text: was

text: educated

text: at

text: Lincoln

text: School

text: and

text: studied

text: under

text: Dr

text: Gordon

text: Archbold

text: Slater

text: at

text: Lincoln

text: Cathedral

text: Townhill

text: composed

text: set

text: of

text: responses

text: for

text: use

text: at

text: Anglican

text: evensong

text: In

text: Townhill

text: became

text: the

text: driving

text: force

text: of

text: plan

text: not

text: only

text: to

text: safeguard

text: the

text: future

text: of

text: the

text: Choir

text: School

text: of

text: St

text: Mary

text: 's

text: Cathedral

text: Edinburgh

text: but

text: to

text: transform

text: it

text: into

text: new

text: and

text: vibrant

text: entity

text: In

text: the

text: school

text: was

text: expanded

text: into

text: specialist

text: music

text: school

text: on

text: the

text: lines

text: of

text: the

text: Yehudi

text: Menuhin

text: School

text: with

text: Lord

text: Menuhin

text: becoming

text: patron

text: and

text: referring

text: to

text: it

text: as

text: my

text: younger

text: sister

text: school

text: in

text: Scotland

text: He

text: was

text: organist

text: and

text: choir

text: master

text: at

text: St

text: Paul

text: 's

text: Church

text: Burton

text: on

text: Trent

text: St.

text: Mary

text: le

text: Wigford

text: 's

text: Church

text: Lincoln

text: St.

text: Mary

text: Magdalene

text: Bailgate

text: Lincoln

text: Lincoln

text: St

text: James

text: Church

text: Louth

text: Grimsby

text: Parish

text: Church

text: St

text: Mary

text: 's

text: Cathedral

text: Edinburgh

text: He

text: retired

text: in

text:
Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period. The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows:
European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines, chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and "ad libitum" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can sustain larger forms and attain a high level of complexity.

text: Classical

text: music

text: is

text: art

text: music

text: produced

text: or

text: rooted

text: in

text: the

text: traditions

text: of

text: Western

text: music

text: including

text: both

text: liturgical

text: religious

text: and

text: secular

text: music

text: While

text: more

text: accurate

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: this

text: article

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: broad

text: span

text: of

text: time

text: from

text: roughly

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: periods

text: The

text: central

text: norms

text: of

text: this

text: tradition

text: became

text: codified

text: between

text: and

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: common

text: practice

text: period

text: The

text: major

text: time

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: art

text: music

text: are

text: as

text: follows

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: is

text: largely

text: distinguished

text: from

text: many

text: other

text: non

text: European

text: and

text: some

text: popular

text: musical

text: forms

text: by

text: its

text: system

text: of

text: staff

text: notation

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: about

text: the

text: century

text: Western

text: staff

text: notation

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: composers

text: to

text: indicate

text: to

text: the

text: performer

text: the

text: pitches

text: e.g.

text: melodies

text: basslines

text: chords

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: rhythms

text: for

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: This

text: can

text: leave

text: less

text: room

text: for

text: practices

text: such

text: as

text: improvisation

text: and

text: ad

text: libitum

text: ornamentation

text: which

text: are

text: frequently

text: heard

text: in

text: non

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: and

text: in

text: popular

text: music

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: jazz

text: and

text: blues

text: Another

text: difference

text: is

text: that

text: whereas

text: most

text: popular

text: styles

text: adopt

text: the

text: song

text: strophic

text: form

text: classical

text: music

text: has

text: been

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: development

text: of

text: highly

text: sophisticated

text: forms

text: of

text: instrumental

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: concerto

text: symphony

text: sonata

text: and

text: mixed

text: vocal

text: and

text: instrumental

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: opera

text: which

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: written

text: down

text: can

text: sustain

text: larger

text: forms

text: and

text: attain

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: complexity

text: Music notation or musical notation is any system used to visually represent aurally perceived music played with instruments or sung by the human voice through the use of written, printed, or otherwise-produced symbols, including ancient symbols or modern musical symbols and including ancient symbols cut into stone, made in clay tablets or made using a pen on papyrus, parchment or manuscript paper; printed using a printing press (ca. 1400s), a computer printer (ca. 1980s) or other printing or modern copying technology. Types and methods of notation have varied between cultures and throughout history, and much information about ancient music notation is fragmentary. Even in the same time period, such as in the 2010s, different styles of music and different cultures use different music notation methods; for example, for professional classical music performers, sheet music using staves and note heads is the most common way of notating music, but for professional country music session musicians, the Nashville Number System is the main method.

text: Music

text: notation

text: or

text: musical

text: notation

text: is

text: any

text: system

text: used

text: to

text: visually

text: represent

text: aurally

text: perceived

text: music

text: played

text: with

text: instruments

text: or

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: human

text: voice

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: written

text: printed

text: or

text: otherwise

text: produced

text: symbols

text: including

text: ancient

text: symbols

text: or

text: modern

text: musical

text: symbols

text: and

text: including

text: ancient

text: symbols

text: cut

text: into

text: stone

text: made

text: in

text: clay

text: tablets

text: or

text: made

text: using

text: pen

text: on

text: papyrus

text: parchment

text: or

text: manuscript

text: paper

text: printed

text: using

text: printing

text: press

text: ca

text: computer

text: printer

text: ca

text: or

text: other

text: printing

text: or

text: modern

text: copying

text: technology

text: Types

text: and

text: methods

text: of

text: notation

text: have

text: varied

text: between

text: cultures

text: and

text: throughout

text: history

text: and

text: much

text: information

text: about

text: ancient

text: music

text: notation

text: is

text: fragmentary

text: Even

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: period

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: different

text: styles

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: different

text: cultures

text: use

text: different

text: music

text: notation

text: methods

text: for

text: example

text: for

text: professional

text: classical

text: music

text: performers

text: sheet

text: music

text: using

text: staves

text: and

text: note

text: heads

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: way

text: of

text: notating

text: music

text: but

text: for

text: professional

text: country

text: music

text: session

text: musicians

text: the

text: Nashville

text: Number

text: System

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: method

text: A composer (Latin "compn"; literally "one who puts together") is a person who creates or writes music, which can be vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music (e.g., for solo piano, string quartet, wind quintet or orchestra) or music which combines both instruments and voices (e.g., opera or art song, which is a singer accompanied by a pianist). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written musical notation (e.g., sheet music scores).

text: composer

text: Latin

text: compn

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: puts

text: together

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: creates

text: or

text: writes

text: music

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: vocal

text: music

text: for

text: singer

text: or

text: choir

text: instrumental

text: music

text: e.g.

text: for

text: solo

text: piano

text: string

text: quartet

text: wind

text: quintet

text: or

text: orchestra

text: or

text: music

text: which

text: combines

text: both

text: instruments

text: and

text: voices

text: e.g.

text: opera

text: or

text: art

text: song

text: which

text: is

text: singer

text: accompanied

text: by

text: pianist

text: The

text: core

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: individuals

text: who

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: Western

text: classical

text: music

text: through

text: creation

text: of

text: works

text: expressed

text: in

text: written

text: musical

text: notation

text: e.g.

text: sheet

text: music

text: scores

text: Opera (English plural: "operas"; Italian plural: "opere" ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. In traditional opera, singers do two types of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style and arias, a more melodic style. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor.

text: Opera

text: English

text: plural

text: operas

text: Italian

text: plural

text: opere

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: in

text: which

text: singers

text: and

text: musicians

text: perform

text: dramatic

text: work

text: combining

text: text

text: libretto

text: and

text: musical

text: score

text: usually

text: in

text: theatrical

text: setting

text: In

text: traditional

text: opera

text: singers

text: do

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: singing

text: recitative

text: speech

text: inflected

text: style

text: and

text: arias

text: more

text: melodic

text: style

text: Opera

text: incorporates

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: of

text: spoken

text: theatre

text: such

text: as

text: acting

text: scenery

text: and

text: costumes

text: and

text: sometimes

text: includes

text: dance

text: The

text: performance

text: is

text: typically

text: given

text: in

text: an

text: opera

text: house

text: accompanied

text: by

text: an

text: orchestra

text: or

text: smaller

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: which

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: has

text: been

text: led

text: by

text: conductor

text: An art song is a vocal music composition, usually written for one voice with piano accompaniment, and usually in the classical art music tradition. By extension, the term "art song" is used to refer to the collective genre of such songs (e.g., the "art song repertoire"). An art song is most often a musical setting of an independent poem or text, "intended for the concert repertory" "as part of a recital or other relatively formal social occasion". While many pieces of vocal music are easily recognized as art songs, others are more difficult to categorize. For example, a wordless vocalise written by a classical composer is sometimes considered an art song and sometimes not.

text: An

text: art

text: song

text: is

text: vocal

text: music

text: composition

text: usually

text: written

text: for

text: one

text: voice

text: with

text: piano

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: classical

text: art

text: music

text: tradition

text: By

text: extension

text: the

text: term

text: art

text: song

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: collective

text: genre

text: of

text: such

text: songs

text: e.g.

text: the

text: art

text: song

text: repertoire

text: An

text: art

text: song

text: is

text: most

text: often

text: musical

text: setting

text: of

text: an

text: independent

text: poem

text: or

text: text

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: concert

text: repertory

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: recital

text: or

text: other

text: relatively

text: formal

text: social

text: occasion

text: While

text: many

text: pieces

text: of

text: vocal

text: music

text: are

text: easily

text: recognized

text: as

text: art

text: songs

text: others

text: are

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: categorize

text: For

text: example

text: wordless

text: vocalise

text: written

text: by

text: classical

text: composer

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: an

text: art

text: song

text: and

text: sometimes

text: not

text: The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. Invented in about 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), the piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, and for composing, songwriting and rehearsals. Although the piano is very heavy and thus not portable and is expensive (in comparison with other widely used accompaniment instruments, such as the acoustic guitar), its musical versatility (i.e., its wide pitch range, ability to play chords with up to 10 notes, louder or softer notes and two or more independent musical lines at the same time), the large number of musicians and amateurs trained in playing it, and its wide availability in performance venues, schools and rehearsal spaces have made it one of the Western world's most familiar musical instruments.

text: The

text: piano

text: is

text: an

text: acoustic

text: stringed

text: musical

text: instrument

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: strings

text: are

text: struck

text: by

text: hammers

text: It

text: is

text: played

text: using

text: keyboard

text: which

text: is

text: row

text: of

text: keys

text: small

text: levers

text: that

text: the

text: performer

text: presses

text: down

text: or

text: strikes

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: and

text: thumbs

text: of

text: both

text: hands

text: to

text: cause

text: the

text: hammers

text: to

text: strike

text: the

text: strings

text: Invented

text: in

text: about

text: the

text: exact

text: year

text: is

text: uncertain

text: the

text: piano

text: is

text: widely

text: employed

text: in

text: classical

text: jazz

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: music

text: for

text: solo

text: and

text: ensemble

text: performances

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: for

text: composing

text: songwriting

text: and

text: rehearsals

text: Although

text: the

text: piano

text: is

text: very

text: heavy

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: portable

text: and

text: is

text: expensive

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: other

text: widely

text: used

text: accompaniment

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: its

text: musical

text: versatility

text: i.e.

text: its

text: wide

text: pitch

text: range

text: ability

text: to

text: play

text: chords

text: with

text: up

text: to

text: notes

text: louder

text: or

text: softer

text: notes

text: and

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: independent

text: musical

text: lines

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: musicians

text: and

text: amateurs

text: trained

text: in

text: playing

text: it

text: and

text: its

text: wide

text: availability

text: in

text: performance

text: venues

text: schools

text: and

text: rehearsal

text: spaces

text: have

text: made

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: familiar

text: musical

text: instruments

text: An instrumental is a musical composition or recording without lyrics, or singing, although it might include some inarticulate vocals, such as shouted backup vocals in a Big Band setting. The music is primarily or exclusively produced by musical instruments. An instrumental can exist in music notation, after it is written by a composer; in the mind of the composer (especially in cases where the composer herself will perform the piece, as in the case of a blues solo guitarist or a folk music fiddle player); as a piece that is performed live by a single instrumentalist or a musical ensemble, which could range in size from a duo or trio to a large Big Band, concert band or orchestra.

text: An

text: instrumental

text: is

text: musical

text: composition

text: or

text: recording

text: without

text: lyrics

text: or

text: singing

text: although

text: it

text: might

text: include

text: some

text: inarticulate

text: vocals

text: such

text: as

text: shouted

text: backup

text: vocals

text: in

text: Big

text: Band

text: setting

text: The

text: music

text: is

text: primarily

text: or

text: exclusively

text: produced

text: by

text: musical

text: instruments

text: An

text: instrumental

text: can

text: exist

text: in

text: music

text: notation

text: after

text: it

text: is

text: written

text: by

text: composer

text: in

text: the

text: mind

text: of

text: the

text: composer

text: especially

text: in

text: cases

text: where

text: the

text: composer

text: herself

text: will

text: perform

text: the

text: piece

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: blues

text: solo

text: guitarist

text: or

text: folk

text: music

text: fiddle

text: player

text: as

text: piece

text: that

text: is

text: performed

text: live

text: by

text: single

text: instrumentalist

text: or

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: which

text: could

text: range

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: duo

text: or

text: trio

text: to

text: large

text: Big

text: Band

text: concert

text: band

text: or

text: orchestra

annotations: likely multiple

question: occupation dennis townhill

answer: conductor

text: conductor

text: conductor