text: Harry Richard Landis ( 12 December 1899 -- 4 February 2008 ) was , at age 108 , the older of the last two American First World War veterans . The final one was Frank Buckles , who died in 2011 . John Babcock , a naturalized American , served in the Canadian Army during the war , and also survived Landis .

text: Harry

text: Richard

text: Landis

text: December

text: February

text: was

text: at

text: age

text: the

text: older

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: two

text: American

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: veterans

text: The

text: final

text: one

text: was

text: Frank

text: Buckles

text: who

text: died

text: in

text: John

text: Babcock

text: naturalized

text: American

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Army

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: also

text: survived

text: Landis

text: The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (17751783)before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: USA

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: and

text: performs

text: land

text: based

text: military

text: operations

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: uniformed

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Section

text: Clause

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: Subtitle

text: Chapter

text: Section

text: As

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: senior

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: the

text: modern

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: June

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: U.S.

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: country

text: After

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: created

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: on

text: June

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: disbanded

text: Continental

text: Army

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: considers

text: itself

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: and

text: dates

text: its

text: institutional

text: inception

text: from

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: that

text: armed

text: force

text: in

text: World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

text: World

text: War

text: WWI

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: originating

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: military

text: personnel

text: including

text: million

text: Europeans

text: were

text: mobilised

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wars

text: in

text: history

text: Over

text: nine

text: million

text: combatants

text: and

text: seven

text: million

text: civilians

text: died

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: genocides

text: casualty

text: rate

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: technological

text: and

text: industrial

text: sophistication

text: and

text: the

text: tactical

text: stalemate

text: caused

text: by

text: gruelling

text: trench

text: warfare

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflicts

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: changes

text: including

text: revolutions

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: involved

text: John Henry Foster "Jack" Babcock (July 23, 1900  February 18, 2010) was, at age 109, the last known surviving veteran of the Canadian military to have served in the First World War and, after the death of Harry Patch, was the conflict's oldest surviving veteran. Babcock first attempted to join the army at the age of fifteen, but was turned down and sent to work in Halifax until he was placed in the Young Soldiers Battalion in August 1917. Babcock was then transferred to the United Kingdom, where he continued his training until the end of the war.

text: John

text: Henry

text: Foster

text: Jack

text: Babcock

text: July

text: February

text: was

text: at

text: age

text: the

text: last

text: known

text: surviving

text: veteran

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: military

text: to

text: have

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Harry

text: Patch

text: was

text: the

text: conflict

text: 's

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: veteran

text: Babcock

text: first

text: attempted

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: army

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: fifteen

text: but

text: was

text: turned

text: down

text: and

text: sent

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: Halifax

text: until

text: he

text: was

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: Young

text: Soldiers

text: Battalion

text: in

text: August

text: Babcock

text: was

text: then

text: transferred

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: where

text: he

text: continued

text: his

text: training

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: Frank Woodruff Buckles (born Wood Buckles, February 1, 1901February 27, 2011) was a United States Army soldier and the last surviving American veteran of World War I. He enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1917 at the age of 16 and served with a detachment from Fort Riley, driving ambulances and motorcycles near the front lines in Europe.

text: Frank

text: Woodruff

text: Buckles

text: born

text: Wood

text: Buckles

text: February

text: was

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: soldier

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: surviving

text: American

text: veteran

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: He

text: enlisted

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: and

text: served

text: with

text: detachment

text: from

text: Fort

text: Riley

text: driving

text: ambulances

text: and

text: motorcycles

text: near

text: the

text: front

text: lines

text: in

text: Europe

text: Henry John "Harry" Patch (17 June 1898  25 July 2009), dubbed in his later years "the Last Fighting Tommy", was a British supercentenarian, briefly the oldest man in Europe and the last surviving combat soldier of the First World War from any country. He is known to have fought in the trenches of the Western Front. Patch was the longest surviving combat soldier of World War I, but he was the fifth longest surviving veteran of any sort from World War I, behind British veterans Claude Choules and Florence Green, Frank Buckles of the United States and John Babcock of Canada. At the time of his death, aged 111 years, 1 month, 1 week and 1 day, Patch was the third-oldest man in the world and the oldest man in Europe.

text: Henry

text: John

text: Harry

text: Patch

text: June

text: July

text: dubbed

text: in

text: his

text: later

text: years

text: the

text: Last

text: Fighting

text: Tommy

text: was

text: British

text: supercentenarian

text: briefly

text: the

text: oldest

text: man

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: surviving

text: combat

text: soldier

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: from

text: any

text: country

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: have

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: trenches

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Front

text: Patch

text: was

text: the

text: longest

text: surviving

text: combat

text: soldier

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: but

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: fifth

text: longest

text: surviving

text: veteran

text: of

text: any

text: sort

text: from

text: World

text: War

text: behind

text: British

text: veterans

text: Claude

text: Choules

text: and

text: Florence

text: Green

text: Frank

text: Buckles

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: John

text: Babcock

text: of

text: Canada

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: aged

text: years

text: month

text: week

text: and

text: day

text: Patch

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: oldest

text: man

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: oldest

text: man

text: in

text: Europe

question: conflict harry richard landis

answer: world war i

text: world war i

text: world war i

text: world war i

text: world war i


text: Sucrose is a common, naturally occurring saccharide found in many plants and plant parts. Saccharose is an obsolete name for sugars in general, especially sucrose. The molecule is a disaccharide combination of the monosaccharides glucose and fructose with the formula CHO.

text: Sucrose

text: is

text: common

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: saccharide

text: found

text: in

text: many

text: plants

text: and

text: plant

text: parts

text: Saccharose

text: is

text: an

text: obsolete

text: name

text: for

text: sugars

text: in

text: general

text: especially

text: sucrose

text: The

text: molecule

text: is

text: disaccharide

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: monosaccharides

text: glucose

text: and

text: fructose

text: with

text: the

text: formula

text: CHO

text: Erysiphe cichoracearum is a plant pathogen that causes powdery mildew disease of cucurbits, including melon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash. The primary symptoms are white, powder-like spots on the leaves and stems. "Sphaerotheca fuliginea" causes a similar looking powdery mildew of cucurbits.

text: Erysiphe

text: cichoracearum

text: is

text: plant

text: pathogen

text: that

text: causes

text: powdery

text: mildew

text: disease

text: of

text: cucurbits

text: including

text: melon

text: cucumber

text: pumpkin

text: and

text: squash

text: The

text: primary

text: symptoms

text: are

text: white

text: powder

text: like

text: spots

text: on

text: the

text: leaves

text: and

text: stems

text: Sphaerotheca

text: fuliginea

text: causes

text: similar

text: looking

text: powdery

text: mildew

text: of

text: cucurbits

text: Beta vulgaris (beet) is a plant which is included in Betoideae subfamily in the Amaranthaceae family. It is the economically most important crop of the large order Caryophyllales. It has several cultivar groups, the sugar beet, of greatest importance to produce table sugar; the root vegetable known as the beetroot or garden beet; the leaf vegetables chard and spinach beet; and mangelwurzel, which is a fodder crop. Three subspecies are typically recognised. All cultivars fall into the subspecies "Beta vulgaris" subsp. "vulgaris". The wild ancestor of the cultivated beets is the sea beet ("Beta vulgaris" subsp. "maritima").

text: Beta

text: vulgaris

text: beet

text: is

text: plant

text: which

text: is

text: included

text: in

text: Betoideae

text: subfamily

text: in

text: the

text: Amaranthaceae

text: family

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: economically

text: most

text: important

text: crop

text: of

text: the

text: large

text: order

text: Caryophyllales

text: It

text: has

text: several

text: cultivar

text: groups

text: the

text: sugar

text: beet

text: of

text: greatest

text: importance

text: to

text: produce

text: table

text: sugar

text: the

text: root

text: vegetable

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: beetroot

text: or

text: garden

text: beet

text: the

text: leaf

text: vegetables

text: chard

text: and

text: spinach

text: beet

text: and

text: mangelwurzel

text: which

text: is

text: fodder

text: crop

text: Three

text: subspecies

text: are

text: typically

text: recognised

text: All

text: cultivars

text: fall

text: into

text: the

text: subspecies

text: Beta

text: vulgaris

text: subsp

text: vulgaris

text: The

text: wild

text: ancestor

text: of

text: the

text: cultivated

text: beets

text: is

text: the

text: sea

text: beet

text: Beta

text: vulgaris

text: subsp

text: maritima

text: In a plant with a taproot system, the taproot is the largest, most central, and most dominant root from which other roots sprout laterally. Typically a taproot is somewhat straight and very thick, is tapering in shape, and grows directly downward.

text: In

text: plant

text: with

text: taproot

text: system

text: the

text: taproot

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: most

text: central

text: and

text: most

text: dominant

text: root

text: from

text: which

text: other

text: roots

text: sprout

text: laterally

text: Typically

text: taproot

text: is

text: somewhat

text: straight

text: and

text: very

text: thick

text: is

text: tapering

text: in

text: shape

text: and

text: grows

text: directly

text: downward

text: Mildew is a form of fungus. It is distinguished from its closely related counterpart, mold (British English: mould), largely by its color: molds appear in shades of black, blue, red, and green, whereas mildew is white. It appears as a thin, superficial growth consisting of minute hyphae (fungal filaments) produced especially on living plants or organic matter such as wood, paper or leather. Both mold and mildew produce distinct offensive odors, and both have been identified as the cause of certain human ailments.

text: Mildew

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: fungus

text: It

text: is

text: distinguished

text: from

text: its

text: closely

text: related

text: counterpart

text: mold

text: British

text: English

text: mould

text: largely

text: by

text: its

text: color

text: molds

text: appear

text: in

text: shades

text: of

text: black

text: blue

text: red

text: and

text: green

text: whereas

text: mildew

text: is

text: white

text: It

text: appears

text: as

text: thin

text: superficial

text: growth

text: consisting

text: of

text: minute

text: hyphae

text: fungal

text: filaments

text: produced

text: especially

text: on

text: living

text: plants

text: or

text: organic

text: matter

text: such

text: as

text: wood

text: paper

text: or

text: leather

text: Both

text: mold

text: and

text: mildew

text: produce

text: distinct

text: offensive

text: odors

text: and

text: both

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: as

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: certain

text: human

text: ailments

text: Sugar beet is the Altissima Group of cultivars of the common beet ("Beta vulgaris"). It is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and it is grown commercially for sugar production. Sugar beets and other beet cultivars, such as beetroot and chard, are members of "Beta vulgaris" subsp. "vulgaris" and share a common wild ancestor, the Sea beet ("Beta vulgaris" subsp. "maritima").

text: Sugar

text: beet

text: is

text: the

text: Altissima

text: Group

text: of

text: cultivars

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: beet

text: Beta

text: vulgaris

text: It

text: is

text: plant

text: whose

text: root

text: contains

text: high

text: concentration

text: of

text: sucrose

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: grown

text: commercially

text: for

text: sugar

text: production

text: Sugar

text: beets

text: and

text: other

text: beet

text: cultivars

text: such

text: as

text: beetroot

text: and

text: chard

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: Beta

text: vulgaris

text: subsp

text: vulgaris

text: and

text: share

text: common

text: wild

text: ancestor

text: the

text: Sea

text: beet

text: Beta

text: vulgaris

text: subsp

text: maritima

text: The sea beet, "Beta vulgaris" subsp. "maritima" ((L.) Arcangeli.), is a member of the family Amaranthaceae, previously of the Chenopodiaceae. Carl Linnaeus first described "Beta vulgaris" in 1753; in the second edition of "Species Plantarum" in 1762, he divided the species into wild and cultivated varieties, giving the name "Beta maritima" to the wild taxon.

text: The

text: sea

text: beet

text: Beta

text: vulgaris

text: subsp

text: maritima

text: Arcangeli

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Amaranthaceae

text: previously

text: of

text: the

text: Chenopodiaceae

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: first

text: described

text: Beta

text: vulgaris

text: in

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: edition

text: of

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: he

text: divided

text: the

text: species

text: into

text: wild

text: and

text: cultivated

text: varieties

text: giving

text: the

text: name

text: Beta

text: maritima

text: to

text: the

text: wild

text: taxon

text: Erysiphales are an order of ascomycete fungi. The order contains one family, Erysiphaceae. Many of them cause plant diseases called powdery mildew.

text: Erysiphales

text: are

text: an

text: order

text: of

text: ascomycete

text: fungi

text: The

text: order

text: contains

text: one

text: family

text: Erysiphaceae

text: Many

text: of

text: them

text: cause

text: plant

text: diseases

text: called

text: powdery

text: mildew

text: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants. Powdery mildew diseases are caused by many different species of fungi in the order Erysiphales, with "Podosphaera xanthii" (a.k.a. "Sphaerotheca fuliginea") being the most commonly reported cause. "Erysiphe cichoracearum" was formerly reported to be the primary causal organism throughout most of the world. Powdery mildew is one of the easier plant diseases to identify, as its symptoms are quite distinctive. Infected plants display white powdery spots on the leaves and stems. The lower leaves are the most affected, but the mildew can appear on any above-ground part of the plant. As the disease progresses, the spots get larger and denser as large numbers of asexual spores are formed, and the mildew may spread up and down the length of the plant.

text: Powdery

text: mildew

text: is

text: fungal

text: disease

text: that

text: affects

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: plants

text: Powdery

text: mildew

text: diseases

text: are

text: caused

text: by

text: many

text: different

text: species

text: of

text: fungi

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: Erysiphales

text: with

text: Podosphaera

text: xanthii

text: a.k.a

text: Sphaerotheca

text: fuliginea

text: being

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: reported

text: cause

text: Erysiphe

text: cichoracearum

text: was

text: formerly

text: reported

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: primary

text: causal

text: organism

text: throughout

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Powdery

text: mildew

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: easier

text: plant

text: diseases

text: to

text: identify

text: as

text: its

text: symptoms

text: are

text: quite

text: distinctive

text: Infected

text: plants

text: display

text: white

text: powdery

text: spots

text: on

text: the

text: leaves

text: and

text: stems

text: The

text: lower

text: leaves

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: affected

text: but

text: the

text: mildew

text: can

text: appear

text: on

text: any

text: above

text: ground

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: As

text: the

text: disease

text: progresses

text: the

text: spots

text: get

text: larger

text: and

text: denser

text: as

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: asexual

text: spores

text: are

text: formed

text: and

text: the

text: mildew

text: may

text: spread

text: up

text: and

text: down

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: Chard ("Beta vulgaris" subsp. "vulgaris", Cicla-Group and Flavescens-Group) is a leafy green vegetable often used in Mediterranean cooking. In the Flavescens-Group-cultivars, the leaf stalks are large and are often prepared separately from the leaf blade. The leaf blade can be green or reddish in color; the leaf stalks also vary in color, usually white, yellow, or red. Chard has highly nutritious leaves making it a popular addition to healthful diets (like other green leafy vegetables). Chard has been around for centuries, but because of its similarity to other beets and some other vegetables such as cardoon, the common names used by cooks over the centuries may be confusing.

text: Chard

text: Beta

text: vulgaris

text: subsp

text: vulgaris

text: Cicla

text: Group

text: and

text: Flavescens

text: Group

text: is

text: leafy

text: green

text: vegetable

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: Mediterranean

text: cooking

text: In

text: the

text: Flavescens

text: Group

text: cultivars

text: the

text: leaf

text: stalks

text: are

text: large

text: and

text: are

text: often

text: prepared

text: separately

text: from

text: the

text: leaf

text: blade

text: The

text: leaf

text: blade

text: can

text: be

text: green

text: or

text: reddish

text: in

text: color

text: the

text: leaf

text: stalks

text: also

text: vary

text: in

text: color

text: usually

text: white

text: yellow

text: or

text: red

text: Chard

text: has

text: highly

text: nutritious

text: leaves

text: making

text: it

text: popular

text: addition

text: to

text: healthful

text: diets

text: like

text: other

text: green

text: leafy

text: vegetables

text: Chard

text: has

text: been

text: around

text: for

text: centuries

text: but

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: similarity

text: to

text: other

text: beets

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: vegetables

text: such

text: as

text: cardoon

text: the

text: common

text: names

text: used

text: by

text: cooks

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: may

text: be

text: confusing

text: Erysiphe betae is a plant pathogen . It is a form of powdery mildew that affects sugar beet . The fungus occurs worldwide in all regions where sugar beet is grown and it also infects other edible crops , e.g. beetroot .

text: Erysiphe

text: betae

text: is

text: plant

text: pathogen

text: It

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: powdery

text: mildew

text: that

text: affects

text: sugar

text: beet

text: The

text: fungus

text: occurs

text: worldwide

text: in

text: all

text: regions

text: where

text: sugar

text: beet

text: is

text: grown

text: and

text: it

text: also

text: infects

text: other

text: edible

text: crops

text: e.g.

text: beetroot

text: Sugar is the generalized name for sweet, short-chain, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food. They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. There are various types of sugar derived from different sources. Simple sugars are called monosaccharides and include glucose (also known as dextrose), fructose, and galactose. The table or granulated sugar most customarily used as food is sucrose, a disaccharide. (In the body, sucrose hydrolyses into fructose and glucose.) Other disaccharides include maltose and lactose. Longer chains of sugars are called oligosaccharides. Chemically-different substances may also have a sweet taste, but are not classified as sugars. Some are used as lower-calorie food substitutes for sugar, described as artificial sweeteners.

text: Sugar

text: is

text: the

text: generalized

text: name

text: for

text: sweet

text: short

text: chain

text: soluble

text: carbohydrates

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: food

text: They

text: are

text: composed

text: of

text: carbon

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: oxygen

text: There

text: are

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: sugar

text: derived

text: from

text: different

text: sources

text: Simple

text: sugars

text: are

text: called

text: monosaccharides

text: and

text: include

text: glucose

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: dextrose

text: fructose

text: and

text: galactose

text: The

text: table

text: or

text: granulated

text: sugar

text: most

text: customarily

text: used

text: as

text: food

text: is

text: sucrose

text: disaccharide

text: In

text: the

text: body

text: sucrose

text: hydrolyses

text: into

text: fructose

text: and

text: glucose

text: Other

text: disaccharides

text: include

text: maltose

text: and

text: lactose

text: Longer

text: chains

text: of

text: sugars

text: are

text: called

text: oligosaccharides

text: Chemically

text: different

text: substances

text: may

text: also

text: have

text: sweet

text: taste

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: classified

text: as

text: sugars

text: Some

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: lower

text: calorie

text: food

text: substitutes

text: for

text: sugar

text: described

text: as

text: artificial

text: sweeteners

text: The PHP Extension and Application Repository, or PEAR, is a repository of PHP software code. Stig S. Bakken founded the PEAR project in 1999 to promote the re-use of code that performs common functions. The project seeks to provide a structured library of code, maintain a system for distributing code and for managing code packages, and promote a standard coding style. Though community-driven, the PEAR project has a PEAR Group which serves as the governing body and takes care of administrative tasks. Each PEAR code package comprises an independent project under the PEAR umbrella. It has its own development team, versioning-control and documentation.

text: The

text: PHP

text: Extension

text: and

text: Application

text: Repository

text: or

text: PEAR

text: is

text: repository

text: of

text: PHP

text: software

text: code

text: Stig

text: Bakken

text: founded

text: the

text: PEAR

text: project

text: in

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: re

text: use

text: of

text: code

text: that

text: performs

text: common

text: functions

text: The

text: project

text: seeks

text: to

text: provide

text: structured

text: library

text: of

text: code

text: maintain

text: system

text: for

text: distributing

text: code

text: and

text: for

text: managing

text: code

text: packages

text: and

text: promote

text: standard

text: coding

text: style

text: Though

text: community

text: driven

text: the

text: PEAR

text: project

text: has

text: PEAR

text: Group

text: which

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: governing

text: body

text: and

text: takes

text: care

text: of

text: administrative

text: tasks

text: Each

text: PEAR

text: code

text: package

text: comprises

text: an

text: independent

text: project

text: under

text: the

text: PEAR

text: umbrella

text: It

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: development

text: team

text: versioning

text: control

text: and

text: documentation

text: The beetroot is the taproot portion of the beet plant, usually known in North America as the beet, also table beet, garden beet, red beet, or golden beet. It is one of several of the cultivated varieties of "Beta vulgaris" grown for their edible taproots and their leaves (called beet greens). These varieties have been classified as "B. vulgaris" subsp. "vulgaris" Conditiva Group.

text: The

text: beetroot

text: is

text: the

text: taproot

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: beet

text: plant

text: usually

text: known

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: as

text: the

text: beet

text: also

text: table

text: beet

text: garden

text: beet

text: red

text: beet

text: or

text: golden

text: beet

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: cultivated

text: varieties

text: of

text: Beta

text: vulgaris

text: grown

text: for

text: their

text: edible

text: taproots

text: and

text: their

text: leaves

text: called

text: beet

text: greens

text: These

text: varieties

text: have

text: been

text: classified

text: as

text: vulgaris

text: subsp

text: vulgaris

text: Conditiva

text: Group

annotations: likely single

question: instance_of erysiphe betae

answer: taxon

text: taxon


text: Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec; the two form the core of the OttawaGatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). The 2011 census reported a population of 883,391, making it the fourth-largest city in Canada; and 1,236,324 within the CMA, making it the fourth-largest CMA in Canada. The City of Ottawa reported that the city had an estimated population of 960,754 as of December 2015.

text: Ottawa

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Canada

text: It

text: stands

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Ottawa

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: southern

text: Ontario

text: Ottawa

text: borders

text: Gatineau

text: Quebec

text: the

text: two

text: form

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: OttawaGatineau

text: census

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: CMA

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Capital

text: Region

text: NCR

text: The

text: census

text: reported

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: CMA

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: CMA

text: in

text: Canada

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Ottawa

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: December

text: Victoriaville is a city in central Quebec, Canada, on the Nicolet River. Victoriaville is the seat of Arthabaska Regional County Municipality and a part of the Centre-du-Québec (Bois-Francs) region. It was formed in 1993 by the merger of Arthabaska, Saint-Victoire-d'Arthabaska and Victoriaville, with the name of the latter being used for the new merged city.

text: Victoriaville

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: central

text: Quebec

text: Canada

text: on

text: the

text: Nicolet

text: River

text: Victoriaville

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Arthabaska

text: Regional

text: County

text: Municipality

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Centre

text: du

text: Québec

text: Bois

text: Francs

text: region

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: Arthabaska

text: Saint

text: Victoire

text: d'Arthabaska

text: and

text: Victoriaville

text: with

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: latter

text: being

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: new

text: merged

text: city

text: Quebec (pronounced or ) is the second-most populous province of Canada and the only one to have a predominantly French-speaking population, with French as the sole provincial official language.

text: Quebec

text: pronounced

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: of

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: to

text: have

text: predominantly

text: French

text: speaking

text: population

text: with

text: French

text: as

text: the

text: sole

text: provincial

text: official

text: language

text: Toronto is the most populous city in Canada, the provincial capital of Ontario, and the centre of the Greater Toronto Area, the most populous metropolitan area in Canada. Growing in population, the 2011 census recorded a population of 2,615,060. As of 2015, the population is now estimated at 2,826,498, making Toronto the fourth-largest city in North America based on the population within its city limits. Toronto trails only Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles by this measure, while it is the fifth-largest (behind also Chicago) if ranked by the size of its metropolitan area . An established global city, Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and widely recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world.

text: Toronto

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Canada

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: Ontario

text: and

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: Toronto

text: Area

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: Canada

text: Growing

text: in

text: population

text: the

text: census

text: recorded

text: population

text: of

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: now

text: estimated

text: at

text: making

text: Toronto

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: population

text: within

text: its

text: city

text: limits

text: Toronto

text: trails

text: only

text: Mexico

text: City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: by

text: this

text: measure

text: while

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: behind

text: also

text: Chicago

text: if

text: ranked

text: by

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: its

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: An

text: established

text: global

text: city

text: Toronto

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: centre

text: of

text: business

text: finance

text: arts

text: and

text: culture

text: and

text: widely

text: recognized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: multicultural

text: and

text: cosmopolitan

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region.

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Saskatchewan

text: River

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Edmonton

text: Capital

text: Region

text: which

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: Alberta

text: 's

text: central

text: region

text: Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the longitudinal centre of North America, at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers.

text: Winnipeg

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Manitoba

text: in

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: longitudinal

text: centre

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: and

text: Assiniboine

text: Rivers

text: Montreal officially Montréal in both Canadian English and French, is the most populous municipality in Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada. Originally called "Ville-Marie", or "City of Mary," it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The city is on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold snowy winters.

text: Montreal

text: officially

text: Montréal

text: in

text: both

text: Canadian

text: English

text: and

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: in

text: Quebec

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: Canada

text: Originally

text: called

text: Ville

text: Marie

text: or

text: City

text: of

text: Mary

text: it

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Mount

text: Royal

text: the

text: triple

text: peaked

text: hill

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: Island

text: of

text: Montreal

text: which

text: took

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: source

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: few

text: much

text: smaller

text: peripheral

text: islands

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: Île

text: Bizard

text: It

text: has

text: distinct

text: four

text: season

text: continental

text: climate

text: with

text: warm

text: to

text: hot

text: summers

text: and

text: cold

text: snowy

text: winters

text: An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a country's official language refers to the language used within government (e.g., courts, parliament, administration). Since "the means of expression of a people cannot be changed by any law", the term "official language" does not typically refer to the language used by a people or country, but by its government.

text: An

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: language

text: that

text: is

text: given

text: special

text: legal

text: status

text: in

text: particular

text: country

text: state

text: or

text: other

text: jurisdiction

text: Typically

text: country

text: 's

text: official

text: language

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: language

text: used

text: within

text: government

text: e.g.

text: courts

text: parliament

text: administration

text: Since

text: the

text: means

text: of

text: expression

text: of

text: people

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: changed

text: by

text: any

text: law

text: the

text: term

text: official

text: language

text: does

text: not

text: typically

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: language

text: used

text: by

text: people

text: or

text: country

text: but

text: by

text: its

text: government

text: Quebec City (pronounced or ) officially Québec) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. In 2015 the city had a population estimate of 545,485, and the metropolitan area had a population of 806,400, making it Canada's seventh-largest metropolitan area and Quebec's second-largest city after Montreal, which is about to the southwest.

text: Quebec

text: City

text: pronounced

text: or

text: officially

text: Québec

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Quebec

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: population

text: estimate

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: Canada

text: 's

text: seventh

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: and

text: Quebec

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: after

text: Montreal

text: which

text: is

text: about

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term "tundra" comes through Russian  ("tûndra") from the Kildin Sami word "tndâr" "uplands", "treeless mountain tract". There are three types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, and Antarctic tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline.

text: In

text: physical

text: geography

text: tundra

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: biome

text: where

text: the

text: tree

text: growth

text: is

text: hindered

text: by

text: low

text: temperatures

text: and

text: short

text: growing

text: seasons

text: The

text: term

text: tundra

text: comes

text: through

text: Russian

text: tûndra

text: from

text: the

text: Kildin

text: Sami

text: word

text: tndâr

text: uplands

text: treeless

text: mountain

text: tract

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: types

text: of

text: tundra

text: Arctic

text: tundra

text: alpine

text: tundra

text: and

text: Antarctic

text: tundra

text: In

text: tundra

text: the

text: vegetation

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: dwarf

text: shrubs

text: sedges

text: and

text: grasses

text: mosses

text: and

text: lichens

text: Scattered

text: trees

text: grow

text: in

text: some

text: tundra

text: regions

text: The

text: ecotone

text: or

text: ecological

text: boundary

text: region

text: between

text: the

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: forest

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: tree

text: line

text: or

text: timberline

text: Centre-du-Québec ("Central Quebec") is a region of Quebec, Canada. The main centres are Drummondville, Victoriaville and Bécancour. It has a land area of 6,928.78 km² (2,675.22 sq mi) and a 2006 census population of 224,200 inhabitants.

text: Centre

text: du

text: Québec

text: Central

text: Quebec

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: Quebec

text: Canada

text: The

text: main

text: centres

text: are

text: Drummondville

text: Victoriaville

text: and

text: Bécancour

text: It

text: has

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: sq

text: mi

text: and

text: census

text: population

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province.

text: Vancouver

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Vancouver

text: is

text: coastal

text: seaport

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: FOREST (short for "Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco") is a United Kingdom political pressure group which campaigns against tobacco control activity.

text: FOREST

text: short

text: for

text: Freedom

text: Organisation

text: for

text: the

text: Right

text: to

text: Enjoy

text: Smoking

text: Tobacco

text: is

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: political

text: pressure

text: group

text: which

text: campaigns

text: against

text: tobacco

text: control

text: activity

text: Drummondville is a city in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec, located east of Montreal on the Saint-François River. The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 71,852. The mayor of Drummondville is Alexandre Cusson.

text: Drummondville

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Centre

text: du

text: Québec

text: region

text: of

text: Quebec

text: located

text: east

text: of

text: Montreal

text: on

text: the

text: Saint

text: François

text: River

text: The

text: population

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: Canada

text: Census

text: was

text: The

text: mayor

text: of

text: Drummondville

text: is

text: Alexandre

text: Cusson

text: Sainte - Anne - du - Sault is a municipality located in the Centre - du - Québec region of Quebec , Canada .

text: Sainte

text: Anne

text: du

text: Sault

text: is

text: municipality

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Centre

text: du

text: Québec

text: region

text: of

text: Quebec

text: Canada

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

text: Calgary is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, about east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. In the 2011 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,096,833 and a metropolitan population of 1,214,839, making it the largest city in Alberta, and the third-largest municipality and fifth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada.

text: Calgary

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Bow

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Elbow

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: foothills

text: and

text: prairie

text: about

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: front

text: ranges

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Rockies

text: In

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Calgary

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Alberta

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: municipality

text: and

text: fifth

text: largest

text: census

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: CMA

text: in

text: Canada

text: The Rocky Mountains, commonly known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. Within the North American Cordillera, the Rockies are somewhat distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada which all lie further to the west.

text: The

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Rockies

text: are

text: major

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: western

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: stretch

text: more

text: than

text: from

text: the

text: northernmost

text: part

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: in

text: western

text: Canada

text: to

text: New

text: Mexico

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: United

text: States

text: Within

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: Cordillera

text: the

text: Rockies

text: are

text: somewhat

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Coast

text: Ranges

text: and

text: the

text: Cascade

text: Range

text: and

text: Sierra

text: Nevada

text: which

text: all

text: lie

text: further

text: to

text: the

text: west

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity sainte-anne-du-sault

answer: arthabaska regional county municipality

text: arthabaska regional county municipality


text: Mothra is one of Tohos most popular monsters, and second only to Godzilla in its total number of film appearances. Polls taken during the early 1990s indicated that Mothra was particularly popular among women, who were at the time the largest demographic among Japan's movie-going audience, a fact that prompted the filming of 1992's "Godzilla vs. Mothra", which was the best-attended Toho film since "King Kong vs. Godzilla". IGN listed Mothra as #3 on their "Top 10 Japanese Movie Monsters" list, while "Complex" listed the character as #7 on its "The 15 Most Badass Kaiju Monsters of All Time" list.

text: Mothra

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Tohos

text: most

text: popular

text: monsters

text: and

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: Godzilla

text: in

text: its

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: film

text: appearances

text: Polls

text: taken

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: indicated

text: that

text: Mothra

text: was

text: particularly

text: popular

text: among

text: women

text: who

text: were

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: largest

text: demographic

text: among

text: Japan

text: 's

text: movie

text: going

text: audience

text: fact

text: that

text: prompted

text: the

text: filming

text: of

text: 's

text: Godzilla

text: vs.

text: Mothra

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: best

text: attended

text: Toho

text: film

text: since

text: King

text: Kong

text: vs.

text: Godzilla

text: IGN

text: listed

text: Mothra

text: as

text: on

text: their

text: Top

text: Japanese

text: Movie

text: Monsters

text: list

text: while

text: Complex

text: listed

text: the

text: character

text: as

text: on

text: its

text: The

text: Most

text: Badass

text: Kaiju

text: Monsters

text: of

text: All

text: Time

text: list

text: The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period (the second half of the 20th century) between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine (a U.S. policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism) was announced, and 1991, the year the Soviet Union collapsed.

text: The

text: Cold

text: War

text: was

text: state

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: tension

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: between

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: its

text: satellite

text: states

text: and

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Bloc

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: its

text: NATO

text: allies

text: and

text: others

text: Historians

text: do

text: not

text: fully

text: agree

text: on

text: the

text: dates

text: but

text: common

text: timeframe

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: between

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Truman

text: Doctrine

text: U.S.

text: policy

text: pledging

text: to

text: aid

text: nations

text: threatened

text: by

text: Soviet

text: expansionism

text: was

text: announced

text: and

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: collapsed

text:
Concept and creation.
Mechagodzilla was conceived in 1974 as a more serious villain than its immediate two predecessors, Gigan and Megalon, whose films were considered creative disasters. According to Tomoyuki Tanaka, Mechagodzilla was inspired by both Mechani-Kong from the previous Toho film "King Kong Escapes" and the robot anime genre, which was popular at the time. Effects director Teruyoshi Nakano also felt that a mechanical monster was cheaper to construct than the mutated animals Godzilla had previously faced. As the resulting "Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla" proved to be a greater critical success than previous 1970s Godzilla films, the character was revived in 1975's "Terror of Mechagodzilla". The film's screenplay was based on the winning entry of a story-writing competition won by Yukiko Takayama, who continued the darker tone of the previous film by adding the subplot of Mechagodzilla being cybernetically connected to a young woman. Mechagodzilla's design remained largely unchanged from its previous appearance, though it was made to look thinner and more angular, with a darker sheen and an MG2 insignia emblazoned on its upper arms. The film's original draft was going to have Mechagodzilla destroy Tokyo utterly, though the destruction was cut down for budgetary reasons.

text: Concept

text: and

text: creation

text: Mechagodzilla

text: was

text: conceived

text: in

text: as

text: more

text: serious

text: villain

text: than

text: its

text: immediate

text: two

text: predecessors

text: Gigan

text: and

text: Megalon

text: whose

text: films

text: were

text: considered

text: creative

text: disasters

text: According

text: to

text: Tomoyuki

text: Tanaka

text: Mechagodzilla

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: both

text: Mechani

text: Kong

text: from

text: the

text: previous

text: Toho

text: film

text: King

text: Kong

text: Escapes

text: and

text: the

text: robot

text: anime

text: genre

text: which

text: was

text: popular

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Effects

text: director

text: Teruyoshi

text: Nakano

text: also

text: felt

text: that

text: mechanical

text: monster

text: was

text: cheaper

text: to

text: construct

text: than

text: the

text: mutated

text: animals

text: Godzilla

text: had

text: previously

text: faced

text: As

text: the

text: resulting

text: Godzilla

text: vs.

text: Mechagodzilla

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: greater

text: critical

text: success

text: than

text: previous

text: Godzilla

text: films

text: the

text: character

text: was

text: revived

text: in

text: 's

text: Terror

text: of

text: Mechagodzilla

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: screenplay

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: winning

text: entry

text: of

text: story

text: writing

text: competition

text: won

text: by

text: Yukiko

text: Takayama

text: who

text: continued

text: the

text: darker

text: tone

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: film

text: by

text: adding

text: the

text: subplot

text: of

text: Mechagodzilla

text: being

text: cybernetically

text: connected

text: to

text: young

text: woman

text: Mechagodzilla

text: 's

text: design

text: remained

text: largely

text: unchanged

text: from

text: its

text: previous

text: appearance

text: though

text: it

text: was

text: made

text: to

text: look

text: thinner

text: and

text: more

text: angular

text: with

text: darker

text: sheen

text: and

text: an

text: insignia

text: emblazoned

text: on

text: its

text: upper

text: arms

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: original

text: draft

text: was

text: going

text: to

text: have

text: Mechagodzilla

text: destroy

text: Tokyo

text: utterly

text: though

text: the

text: destruction

text: was

text: cut

text: down

text: for

text: budgetary

text: reasons

text: Toho's most famous creation is Godzilla, who features in 28 of the company's films. Godzilla, Mothra, King Ghidorah, Mechagodzilla, and Rodan are described as Toho's Big Five because of the monsters' numerous appearances in all three eras of the franchise, as well as spin-offs. Toho has also been involved in the production of numerous anime titles. Its subdivisions are Toho-Towa Distribution, Toho Pictures Incorporated, Toho International Company Limited, Toho E. B. Company Limited, and Toho Music Corporation & Toho Costume Company Limited. The company is the largest shareholder (7.96%) of Fuji Media Holdings Inc.

text: Toho

text: 's

text: most

text: famous

text: creation

text: is

text: Godzilla

text: who

text: features

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: films

text: Godzilla

text: Mothra

text: King

text: Ghidorah

text: Mechagodzilla

text: and

text: Rodan

text: are

text: described

text: as

text: Toho

text: 's

text: Big

text: Five

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: monsters

text: numerous

text: appearances

text: in

text: all

text: three

text: eras

text: of

text: the

text: franchise

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: spin

text: offs

text: Toho

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: numerous

text: anime

text: titles

text: Its

text: subdivisions

text: are

text: Toho

text: Towa

text: Distribution

text: Toho

text: Pictures

text: Incorporated

text: Toho

text: International

text: Company

text: Limited

text: Toho

text: Company

text: Limited

text: and

text: Toho

text: Music

text: Corporation

text: Toho

text: Costume

text: Company

text: Limited

text: The

text: company

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: shareholder

text: of

text: Fuji

text: Media

text: Holdings

text: Inc.

text: The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and production of anime works in Japan has since continued to increase steadily. The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience. Anime is distributed theatrically, by television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet. It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.

text: The

text: earliest

text: commercial

text: Japanese

text: animation

text: dates

text: to

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: anime

text: works

text: in

text: Japan

text: has

text: since

text: continued

text: to

text: increase

text: steadily

text: The

text: characteristic

text: anime

text: art

text: style

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Osamu

text: Tezuka

text: and

text: spread

text: internationally

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: twentieth

text: century

text: developing

text: large

text: domestic

text: and

text: international

text: audience

text: Anime

text: is

text: distributed

text: theatrically

text: by

text: television

text: broadcasts

text: directly

text: to

text: home

text: media

text: and

text: over

text: the

text: Internet

text: It

text: is

text: classified

text: into

text: numerous

text: genres

text: targeting

text: diverse

text: broad

text: and

text: niche

text: audiences

text: With the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the "Lucky Dragon 5" incident still fresh in the Japanese consciousness, Godzilla was conceived as a metaphor for nuclear weapons. As the film series expanded, some stories took on less serious undertones portraying Godzilla as an antihero while other plots still portrayed Godzilla as a destructive monster; sometimes the lesser of two threats who plays the defender by default but is still a danger to humanity. With the end of the Cold War, several post-1984 Godzilla films shifted the character's portrayal as a symbol of nuclear weapons to that of modern Japan's forgetfulness over its imperial past, natural disasters and the overall human condition.

text: With

text: the

text: nuclear

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: and

text: the

text: Lucky

text: Dragon

text: incident

text: still

text: fresh

text: in

text: the

text: Japanese

text: consciousness

text: Godzilla

text: was

text: conceived

text: as

text: metaphor

text: for

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: As

text: the

text: film

text: series

text: expanded

text: some

text: stories

text: took

text: on

text: less

text: serious

text: undertones

text: portraying

text: Godzilla

text: as

text: an

text: antihero

text: while

text: other

text: plots

text: still

text: portrayed

text: Godzilla

text: as

text: destructive

text: monster

text: sometimes

text: the

text: lesser

text: of

text: two

text: threats

text: who

text: plays

text: the

text: defender

text: by

text: default

text: but

text: is

text: still

text: danger

text: to

text: humanity

text: With

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: several

text: Godzilla

text: films

text: shifted

text: the

text: character

text: 's

text: portrayal

text: as

text: symbol

text: of

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: modern

text: Japan

text: 's

text: forgetfulness

text: over

text: its

text: imperial

text: past

text: natural

text: disasters

text: and

text: the

text: overall

text: human

text: condition

text: The Return of Godzilla , released in Japan as Godzilla (  Gojira ) , is a Japanese science fiction kaiju directed by Koji Hashimoto and a reboot of Toho 's Godzilla franchise . It is the 16th film in the franchise and the first film in the Heisei series , despite the film having been produced during the Shwa period . The film serves as direct sequel to the original 1954 Godzilla film , completely ignoring the events of the Showa series , which saw the franchise return to the darker tone and themes of the 1954 film and returned Godzilla to his destructive antagonistic roots . In 1985 , New World Pictures released Godzilla 1985 , a heavily re-edited American adaptation of the film which included additional footage , which featured Raymond Burr reprising his role from Godzilla , King of the Monsters ! , which was also produced , filmed , and edited with the same techniques .

text: The

text: Return

text: of

text: Godzilla

text: released

text: in

text: Japan

text: as

text: Godzilla

text: Gojira

text: is

text: Japanese

text: science

text: fiction

text: kaiju

text: directed

text: by

text: Koji

text: Hashimoto

text: and

text: reboot

text: of

text: Toho

text: 's

text: Godzilla

text: franchise

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: film

text: in

text: the

text: franchise

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: film

text: in

text: the

text: Heisei

text: series

text: despite

text: the

text: film

text: having

text: been

text: produced

text: during

text: the

text: Shwa

text: period

text: The

text: film

text: serves

text: as

text: direct

text: sequel

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: Godzilla

text: film

text: completely

text: ignoring

text: the

text: events

text: of

text: the

text: Showa

text: series

text: which

text: saw

text: the

text: franchise

text: return

text: to

text: the

text: darker

text: tone

text: and

text: themes

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: and

text: returned

text: Godzilla

text: to

text: his

text: destructive

text: antagonistic

text: roots

text: In

text: New

text: World

text: Pictures

text: released

text: Godzilla

text: heavily

text: re

text: edited

text: American

text: adaptation

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: which

text: included

text: additional

text: footage

text: which

text: featured

text: Raymond

text: Burr

text: reprising

text: his

text: role

text: from

text: Godzilla

text: King

text: of

text: the

text: Monsters

text: which

text: was

text: also

text: produced

text: filmed

text: and

text: edited

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: techniques

question: publication_date the return of godzilla

answer: 1984