text: Montmartre is a large hill in Paris's 18th arrondissement. It is 130 metres (430 feet) high and gives its name to the surrounding district, part of the Right Bank in the northern section of the city. The historic district established by the City of Paris in 1995 is bordered by "rue Caulaincourt" and "rue Custine" on the north; "rue de Clignancourt" on the east; "boulevard de Clichy" and "boulevard de Rochechouart" to the south. containing sixty hectares. Montmartre is primarily known for the white-domed Basilica of the Sacré-Cœur on its summit and as a nightclub district. The other, older, church on the hill is Saint Pierre de Montmartre, which claims to be the location at which the Jesuit order of priests was founded.

text: Montmartre

text: is

text: large

text: hill

text: in

text: Paris

text: 's

text: arrondissement

text: It

text: is

text: metres

text: feet

text: high

text: and

text: gives

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: surrounding

text: district

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Right

text: Bank

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: historic

text: district

text: established

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Paris

text: in

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: rue

text: Caulaincourt

text: and

text: rue

text: Custine

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: rue

text: de

text: Clignancourt

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: boulevard

text: de

text: Clichy

text: and

text: boulevard

text: de

text: Rochechouart

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: containing

text: sixty

text: hectares

text: Montmartre

text: is

text: primarily

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: white

text: domed

text: Basilica

text: of

text: the

text: Sacré

text: Cœur

text: on

text: its

text: summit

text: and

text: as

text: nightclub

text: district

text: The

text: other

text: older

text: church

text: on

text: the

text: hill

text: is

text: Saint

text: Pierre

text: de

text: Montmartre

text: which

text: claims

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: location

text: at

text: which

text: the

text: Jesuit

text: order

text: of

text: priests

text: was

text: founded

text: The Boulevard de Clichy is a famous street of Paris, which lends its name to the Place de Clichy, resulted from the fusion, in 1864, of the roads that paralleled the Wall of the Farmers-General, both inside and out. It extends from the Place de Clichy to the Rue des Martyrs, nearly a kilometre away. During its tenure, the street has been known as the "Boulevard des Martyrs", then the "Boulevard Pigalle", and, finally, the "Boulevard de Clichy". It is equally well known as the Boulevard Clichy.

text: The

text: Boulevard

text: de

text: Clichy

text: is

text: famous

text: street

text: of

text: Paris

text: which

text: lends

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: Place

text: de

text: Clichy

text: resulted

text: from

text: the

text: fusion

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: roads

text: that

text: paralleled

text: the

text: Wall

text: of

text: the

text: Farmers

text: General

text: both

text: inside

text: and

text: out

text: It

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Place

text: de

text: Clichy

text: to

text: the

text: Rue

text: des

text: Martyrs

text: nearly

text: kilometre

text: away

text: During

text: its

text: tenure

text: the

text: street

text: has

text: been

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Boulevard

text: des

text: Martyrs

text: then

text: the

text: Boulevard

text: Pigalle

text: and

text: finally

text: the

text: Boulevard

text: de

text: Clichy

text: It

text: is

text: equally

text: well

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Boulevard

text: Clichy

text: Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of various characters "a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away".

text: Star

text: Wars

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: epic

text: space

text: opera

text: franchise

text: centered

text: on

text: film

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: George

text: Lucas

text: It

text: depicts

text: the

text: adventures

text: of

text: various

text: characters

text: long

text: time

text: ago

text: in

text: galaxy

text: far

text: far

text: away

text: Hugh Michael Jackman (born 12 October 1968) is an Australian actor, singer and producer. Jackman has won international recognition for his roles in variety of film genres. He is known for his long-running role as Wolverine in the "X-Men" film series, as well as for his lead roles in films such as the romantic-comedy fantasy "Kate & Leopold" (2001), the action-horror film "Van Helsing" (2004), the magic-themed drama "The Prestige" (2006), the epic fantasy drama "The Fountain" (2006), the epic historical romantic drama "Australia" (2008), the film version of "Les Misérables" (2012), and the thriller "Prisoners" (2013). His work in "Les Misérables" earned him his first Academy Award nomination for Best Actor and his first Golden Globe Award for Best Actor  Motion Picture Musical or Comedy in 2013.

text: Hugh

text: Michael

text: Jackman

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: Australian

text: actor

text: singer

text: and

text: producer

text: Jackman

text: has

text: won

text: international

text: recognition

text: for

text: his

text: roles

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: film

text: genres

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: long

text: running

text: role

text: as

text: Wolverine

text: in

text: the

text: Men

text: film

text: series

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: his

text: lead

text: roles

text: in

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: fantasy

text: Kate

text: Leopold

text: the

text: action

text: horror

text: film

text: Van

text: Helsing

text: the

text: magic

text: themed

text: drama

text: The

text: Prestige

text: the

text: epic

text: fantasy

text: drama

text: The

text: Fountain

text: the

text: epic

text: historical

text: romantic

text: drama

text: Australia

text: the

text: film

text: version

text: of

text: Les

text: Misérables

text: and

text: the

text: thriller

text: Prisoners

text: His

text: work

text: in

text: Les

text: Misérables

text: earned

text: him

text: his

text: first

text: Academy

text: Award

text: nomination

text: for

text: Best

text: Actor

text: and

text: his

text: first

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actor

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Musical

text: or

text: Comedy

text: in

text: Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the station is now owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation, a public corporation of the Department for Culture, Media & Sport, which was established in 1990 and came into operation in 1993. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, Channel 4 became a UK-wide TV channel for the first time.

text: Channel

text: is

text: British

text: public

text: service

text: television

text: broadcaster

text: that

text: began

text: transmission

text: on

text: November

text: Although

text: largely

text: commercially

text: self

text: funded

text: it

text: is

text: ultimately

text: publicly

text: owned

text: originally

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: the

text: Independent

text: Broadcasting

text: Authority

text: IBA

text: the

text: station

text: is

text: now

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: Channel

text: Four

text: Television

text: Corporation

text: public

text: corporation

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: for

text: Culture

text: Media

text: Sport

text: which

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: operation

text: in

text: With

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: the

text: Wenvoe

text: transmitter

text: group

text: in

text: Wales

text: to

text: digital

text: on

text: March

text: Channel

text: became

text: UK

text: wide

text: TV

text: channel

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: Ewan Gordon McGregor (born 31 March 1971) is a Scottish actor. His first professional role was in 1993, when he won a leading role in the Channel 4 series "Lipstick on Your Collar". He is best known for his roles as heroin addict Mark Renton in the drama "Trainspotting" (1996), the young Jedi Obi-Wan Kenobi in the "Star Wars" prequel trilogy (19992005), poet Christian in the musical film "Moulin Rouge!" (2001), and Dr. Alfred Jones in the romantic comedy-drama "Salmon Fishing in the Yemen" (2011).

text: Ewan

text: Gordon

text: McGregor

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: Scottish

text: actor

text: His

text: first

text: professional

text: role

text: was

text: in

text: when

text: he

text: won

text: leading

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Channel

text: series

text: Lipstick

text: on

text: Your

text: Collar

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: roles

text: as

text: heroin

text: addict

text: Mark

text: Renton

text: in

text: the

text: drama

text: Trainspotting

text: the

text: young

text: Jedi

text: Obi

text: Wan

text: Kenobi

text: in

text: the

text: Star

text: Wars

text: prequel

text: trilogy

text: poet

text: Christian

text: in

text: the

text: musical

text: film

text: Moulin

text: Rouge

text: and

text: Dr.

text: Alfred

text: Jones

text: in

text: the

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: drama

text: Salmon

text: Fishing

text: in

text: the

text: Yemen

text: A courtier is a person who is often in attendance at the court of a king or other royal personage. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically the court was the centre of government as well as the residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.

text: courtier

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: often

text: in

text: attendance

text: at

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: king

text: or

text: other

text: royal

text: personage

text: The

text: earliest

text: historical

text: examples

text: of

text: courtiers

text: were

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: retinues

text: of

text: rulers

text: Historically

text: the

text: court

text: was

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: government

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: residence

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: and

text: the

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: life

text: were

text: often

text: completely

text: mixed

text: together

text: Batman Forever is a 1995 American superhero film directed by Joel Schumacher and produced by Tim Burton, based on the DC Comics character Batman. It is the third installment of the , with Val Kilmer replacing Michael Keaton as Bruce Wayne / Batman. The film stars Chris O'Donnell, Nicole Kidman, Tommy Lee Jones and Jim Carrey. The plot focuses on Batman trying to stop Two-Face (Jones) and the Riddler (Carrey) in their villainous scheme to extract confidential information from all the minds in Gotham City and use it to learn Batman's identity and bring the city under their control. He gains allegiance from a love interestpsychiatrist Dr. Chase Meridian (Kidman) and a young, orphaned circus acrobat named Dick Grayson (O'Donnell), who becomes his sidekick Robin.

text: Batman

text: Forever

text: is

text: American

text: superhero

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Joel

text: Schumacher

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Tim

text: Burton

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: DC

text: Comics

text: character

text: Batman

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: installment

text: of

text: the

text: with

text: Val

text: Kilmer

text: replacing

text: Michael

text: Keaton

text: as

text: Bruce

text: Wayne

text: Batman

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Chris

text: O'Donnell

text: Nicole

text: Kidman

text: Tommy

text: Lee

text: Jones

text: and

text: Jim

text: Carrey

text: The

text: plot

text: focuses

text: on

text: Batman

text: trying

text: to

text: stop

text: Two

text: Face

text: Jones

text: and

text: the

text: Riddler

text: Carrey

text: in

text: their

text: villainous

text: scheme

text: to

text: extract

text: confidential

text: information

text: from

text: all

text: the

text: minds

text: in

text: Gotham

text: City

text: and

text: use

text: it

text: to

text: learn

text: Batman

text: 's

text: identity

text: and

text: bring

text: the

text: city

text: under

text: their

text: control

text: He

text: gains

text: allegiance

text: from

text: love

text: interestpsychiatrist

text: Dr.

text: Chase

text: Meridian

text: Kidman

text: and

text: young

text: orphaned

text: circus

text: acrobat

text: named

text: Dick

text: Grayson

text: O'Donnell

text: who

text: becomes

text: his

text: sidekick

text: Robin

text: Cabaret is a form of entertainment featuring music, song, dance, recitation, or drama. It is mainly distinguished by the performance venue, which might be a pub, a restaurant or a nightclub with a stage for performances. The audience, often dining or drinking, does not typically dance but usually sits at tables. Performances are usually introduced by a master of ceremonies or MC. The entertainment, as done by an ensemble of actors and according to its European origins, is often (but not always) oriented towards adult audiences and of a clearly underground nature. In the United States striptease, burlesque, drag shows, or a solo vocalist with a pianist, as well as the venues which house such events, are often advertised as cabarets.

text: Cabaret

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: entertainment

text: featuring

text: music

text: song

text: dance

text: recitation

text: or

text: drama

text: It

text: is

text: mainly

text: distinguished

text: by

text: the

text: performance

text: venue

text: which

text: might

text: be

text: pub

text: restaurant

text: or

text: nightclub

text: with

text: stage

text: for

text: performances

text: The

text: audience

text: often

text: dining

text: or

text: drinking

text: does

text: not

text: typically

text: dance

text: but

text: usually

text: sits

text: at

text: tables

text: Performances

text: are

text: usually

text: introduced

text: by

text: master

text: of

text: ceremonies

text: or

text: MC

text: The

text: entertainment

text: as

text: done

text: by

text: an

text: ensemble

text: of

text: actors

text: and

text: according

text: to

text: its

text: European

text: origins

text: is

text: often

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: oriented

text: towards

text: adult

text: audiences

text: and

text: of

text: clearly

text: underground

text: nature

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: striptease

text: burlesque

text: drag

text: shows

text: or

text: solo

text: vocalist

text: with

text: pianist

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: venues

text: which

text: house

text: such

text: events

text: are

text: often

text: advertised

text: as

text: cabarets

text: Nicole Mary Kidman, AC (born 20 June 1967) is an Australian actress and film producer. Kidman's breakthrough roles were in the 1989 feature film thriller "Dead Calm" and television thriller miniseries "Bangkok Hilton". Appearing in several films in the early 1990s, she came to worldwide recognition for her performances in the stock-car racing film "Days of Thunder" (1990), the romance-drama "Far and Away" (1992), and the hero film "Batman Forever" (1995). Other successful films followed in the late 1990s. Her performance in the musical "Moulin Rouge!" (2001) earned her a second Golden Globe Award for Best Actress  Motion Picture Comedy or Musical and her first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Kidman's performance as Virginia Woolf in the drama film "The Hours" (2002) received critical acclaim and earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress, the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture  Drama and the Silver Bear for Best Actress at the Berlin International Film Festival.

text: Nicole

text: Mary

text: Kidman

text: AC

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: Australian

text: actress

text: and

text: film

text: producer

text: Kidman

text: 's

text: breakthrough

text: roles

text: were

text: in

text: the

text: feature

text: film

text: thriller

text: Dead

text: Calm

text: and

text: television

text: thriller

text: miniseries

text: Bangkok

text: Hilton

text: Appearing

text: in

text: several

text: films

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: she

text: came

text: to

text: worldwide

text: recognition

text: for

text: her

text: performances

text: in

text: the

text: stock

text: car

text: racing

text: film

text: Days

text: of

text: Thunder

text: the

text: romance

text: drama

text: Far

text: and

text: Away

text: and

text: the

text: hero

text: film

text: Batman

text: Forever

text: Other

text: successful

text: films

text: followed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: Her

text: performance

text: in

text: the

text: musical

text: Moulin

text: Rouge

text: earned

text: her

text: second

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Comedy

text: or

text: Musical

text: and

text: her

text: first

text: nomination

text: for

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: Kidman

text: 's

text: performance

text: as

text: Virginia

text: Woolf

text: in

text: the

text: drama

text: film

text: The

text: Hours

text: received

text: critical

text: acclaim

text: and

text: earned

text: her

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: the

text: BAFTA

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: in

text: Leading

text: Role

text: the

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: in

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Drama

text: and

text: the

text: Silver

text: Bear

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: at

text: the

text: Berlin

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text:
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical Greek: , "drama"), which is derived from "to do" (Classical Greek: , "drao").
The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia, and Melpomene. Thalia was the Muse of comedy (the laughing face), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy (the weeping face). Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle's "Poetics" (c. 335 BCE)the earliest work of dramatic theory.

text: Drama

text: is

text: the

text: specific

text: mode

text: of

text: fiction

text: represented

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: term

text: comes

text: from

text: Greek

text: word

text: meaning

text: action

text: Classical

text: Greek

text: drama

text: which

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: to

text: do

text: Classical

text: Greek

text: drao

text: The

text: two

text: masks

text: associated

text: with

text: drama

text: represent

text: the

text: traditional

text: generic

text: division

text: between

text: comedy

text: and

text: tragedy

text: They

text: are

text: symbols

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: Muses

text: Thalia

text: and

text: Melpomene

text: Thalia

text: was

text: the

text: Muse

text: of

text: comedy

text: the

text: laughing

text: face

text: while

text: Melpomene

text: was

text: the

text: Muse

text: of

text: tragedy

text: the

text: weeping

text: face

text: Considered

text: as

text: genre

text: of

text: poetry

text: in

text: general

text: the

text: dramatic

text: mode

text: has

text: been

text: contrasted

text: with

text: the

text: epic

text: and

text: the

text: lyrical

text: modes

text: ever

text: since

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: Poetics

text: BCE)the

text: earliest

text: work

text: of

text: dramatic

text: theory

text: Days of Thunder is a 1990 American sports action drama film released by Paramount Pictures, produced by Don Simpson and Jerry Bruckheimer and directed by Tony Scott. The cast includes Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman, Robert Duvall, Randy Quaid, Cary Elwes, Caroline Williams, and Michael Rooker. The film also features appearances by real life NASCAR racers, such as Rusty Wallace, Neil Bonnett, and Harry Gant. Commentator Dr. Jerry Punch, of ESPN, has a cameo appearance, as does co-producer Don Simpson.

text: Days

text: of

text: Thunder

text: is

text: American

text: sports

text: action

text: drama

text: film

text: released

text: by

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: produced

text: by

text: Don

text: Simpson

text: and

text: Jerry

text: Bruckheimer

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Tony

text: Scott

text: The

text: cast

text: includes

text: Tom

text: Cruise

text: Nicole

text: Kidman

text: Robert

text: Duvall

text: Randy

text: Quaid

text: Cary

text: Elwes

text: Caroline

text: Williams

text: and

text: Michael

text: Rooker

text: The

text: film

text: also

text: features

text: appearances

text: by

text: real

text: life

text: NASCAR

text: racers

text: such

text: as

text: Rusty

text: Wallace

text: Neil

text: Bonnett

text: and

text: Harry

text: Gant

text: Commentator

text: Dr.

text: Jerry

text: Punch

text: of

text: ESPN

text: has

text: cameo

text: appearance

text: as

text: does

text: co

text: producer

text: Don

text: Simpson

text: A courtesan was originally a courtier, which means a person who attends the court of a monarch or other powerful person.

text: courtesan

text: was

text: originally

text: courtier

text: which

text: means

text: person

text: who

text: attends

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: monarch

text: or

text: other

text: powerful

text: person

text: Obi-Wan "Ben" Kenobi is a fictional character in the "Star Wars" franchise, portrayed by Alec Guinness and Ewan McGregor in the films. In the original trilogy, he is a mentor to Luke Skywalker, who he introduces to the ways of the Jedi. In the prequel trilogy, he is a master and friend to Anakin Skywalker. He is frequently featured as a main character in various other "Star Wars" media.

text: Obi

text: Wan

text: Ben

text: Kenobi

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: in

text: the

text: Star

text: Wars

text: franchise

text: portrayed

text: by

text: Alec

text: Guinness

text: and

text: Ewan

text: McGregor

text: in

text: the

text: films

text: In

text: the

text: original

text: trilogy

text: he

text: is

text: mentor

text: to

text: Luke

text: Skywalker

text: who

text: he

text: introduces

text: to

text: the

text: ways

text: of

text: the

text: Jedi

text: In

text: the

text: prequel

text: trilogy

text: he

text: is

text: master

text: and

text: friend

text: to

text: Anakin

text: Skywalker

text: He

text: is

text: frequently

text: featured

text: as

text: main

text: character

text: in

text: various

text: other

text: Star

text: Wars

text: media

text: Tobias Vincent "Tobey" Maguire (born June 27, 1975) is an American actor and producer. He began his career in the late 1980s. His first appearance in a feature film was a non-speaking part in "The Wizard" (1989). He is known for playing the title character in Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man" film trilogy (2002, 2004, and 2007), as well as for his roles in "Pleasantville" (1998), "The Cider House Rules" (1999), "Wonder Boys" (2000), "Seabiscuit" (2003), "The Good German" (2006), "Brothers" (2009), and "The Great Gatsby" (2013).

text: Tobias

text: Vincent

text: Tobey

text: Maguire

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: producer

text: He

text: began

text: his

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: His

text: first

text: appearance

text: in

text: feature

text: film

text: was

text: non

text: speaking

text: part

text: in

text: The

text: Wizard

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: playing

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: in

text: Sam

text: Raimi

text: 's

text: Spider

text: Man

text: film

text: trilogy

text: and

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: his

text: roles

text: in

text: Pleasantville

text: The

text: Cider

text: House

text: Rules

text: Wonder

text: Boys

text: Seabiscuit

text: The

text: Good

text: German

text: Brothers

text: and

text: The

text: Great

text: Gatsby

text: Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (born November 11, 1974) is an American actor and film producer. DiCaprio began his career by appearing in television commercials in the early 1990s, after which he had recurring roles in various television series such as the soap opera "Santa Barbara" and the sitcom "Growing Pains". In 1993, he began his film career by starring as Josh in "Critters 3" (1991). He starred in the film adaptation of the memoir "This Boy's Life" (1993), and was praised for his supporting role in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" (1993). He gained public recognition with leading roles in "The Basketball Diaries" (1995) and the romantic drama "Romeo + Juliet" (1996), before achieving international fame with James Cameron's epic romance "Titanic" (1997), which became the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's science fiction film "Avatar" (2009) overtook it.

text: Leonardo

text: Wilhelm

text: DiCaprio

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: film

text: producer

text: DiCaprio

text: began

text: his

text: career

text: by

text: appearing

text: in

text: television

text: commercials

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: after

text: which

text: he

text: had

text: recurring

text: roles

text: in

text: various

text: television

text: series

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: soap

text: opera

text: Santa

text: Barbara

text: and

text: the

text: sitcom

text: Growing

text: Pains

text: In

text: he

text: began

text: his

text: film

text: career

text: by

text: starring

text: as

text: Josh

text: in

text: Critters

text: He

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: adaptation

text: of

text: the

text: memoir

text: This

text: Boy

text: 's

text: Life

text: and

text: was

text: praised

text: for

text: his

text: supporting

text: role

text: in

text: What

text: 's

text: Eating

text: Gilbert

text: Grape

text: He

text: gained

text: public

text: recognition

text: with

text: leading

text: roles

text: in

text: The

text: Basketball

text: Diaries

text: and

text: the

text: romantic

text: drama

text: Romeo

text: Juliet

text: before

text: achieving

text: international

text: fame

text: with

text: James

text: Cameron

text: 's

text: epic

text: romance

text: Titanic

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: highest

text: grossing

text: film

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: until

text: Cameron

text: 's

text: science

text: fiction

text: film

text: Avatar

text: overtook

text: it

text: Moulin Rouge (French for "Red Mill") is a cabaret in Paris, France.

text: Moulin

text: Rouge

text: French

text: for

text: Red

text: Mill

text: is

text: cabaret

text: in

text: Paris

text: France

text: The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional town of West Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922. The story primarily concerns the young and mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and his quixotic passion and obsession for the beautiful former debutante Daisy Buchanan. Considered to be Fitzgerald's magnum opus, "The Great Gatsby" explores themes of decadence, idealism, resistance to change, social upheaval, and excess, creating a portrait of the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties that has been described as a cautionary tale regarding the American Dream.

text: The

text: Great

text: Gatsby

text: is

text: novel

text: written

text: by

text: American

text: author

text: Scott

text: Fitzgerald

text: that

text: follows

text: cast

text: of

text: characters

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: fictional

text: town

text: of

text: West

text: Egg

text: on

text: prosperous

text: Long

text: Island

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: The

text: story

text: primarily

text: concerns

text: the

text: young

text: and

text: mysterious

text: millionaire

text: Jay

text: Gatsby

text: and

text: his

text: quixotic

text: passion

text: and

text: obsession

text: for

text: the

text: beautiful

text: former

text: debutante

text: Daisy

text: Buchanan

text: Considered

text: to

text: be

text: Fitzgerald

text: 's

text: magnum

text: opus

text: The

text: Great

text: Gatsby

text: explores

text: themes

text: of

text: decadence

text: idealism

text: resistance

text: to

text: change

text: social

text: upheaval

text: and

text: excess

text: creating

text: portrait

text: of

text: the

text: Jazz

text: Age

text: or

text: the

text: Roaring

text: Twenties

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: cautionary

text: tale

text: regarding

text: the

text: American

text: Dream

text: Strictly Ballroom is a 1992 Australian romantic comedy film directed and co-written by Baz Luhrmann. The film, which was Luhrmann's first, is the first in his "The Red Curtain Trilogy" of theatre-motif-related films; it was followed by "Romeo + Juliet" and "Moulin Rouge!".

text: Strictly

text: Ballroom

text: is

text: Australian

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: and

text: co

text: written

text: by

text: Baz

text: Luhrmann

text: The

text: film

text: which

text: was

text: Luhrmann

text: 's

text: first

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: in

text: his

text: The

text: Red

text: Curtain

text: Trilogy

text: of

text: theatre

text: motif

text: related

text: films

text: it

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: Romeo

text: Juliet

text: and

text: Moulin

text: Rouge

text: The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry.

text: The

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: is

text: an

text: award

text: presented

text: annually

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: AMPAS

text: It

text: is

text: given

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: an

text: actress

text: who

text: has

text: delivered

text: an

text: outstanding

text: performance

text: in

text: leading

text: role

text: while

text: working

text: within

text: the

text: film

text: industry

text: The Jedi are the main protagonists in the "Star Wars" universe. They are depicted as an ancient monastic and academic meritocratic organization whose origin dates back to "25,000 BBY" ("Before Battle of Yavin"; the destruction of the first Death Star).

text: The

text: Jedi

text: are

text: the

text: main

text: protagonists

text: in

text: the

text: Star

text: Wars

text: universe

text: They

text: are

text: depicted

text: as

text: an

text: ancient

text: monastic

text: and

text: academic

text: meritocratic

text: organization

text: whose

text: origin

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: BBY

text: Before

text: Battle

text: of

text: Yavin

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Death

text: Star

text: Moulin Rouge ! ( / mulæn ru / , from French : ( mul u ) ) is a 2001 Australian -- American pastiche - jukebox musical film directed , produced , and co-written by Baz Luhrmann . It tells the story of a young Scottish poet / writer , Christian ( Ewan McGregor ) , who falls in love with the terminally - ill star of the Moulin Rouge , cabaret actress and courtesan Satine ( Nicole Kidman ) . It uses the musical setting of the Montmartre Quarter of Paris , France . At the 74th Academy Awards , the film was nominated for eight Oscars , including Best Picture and Best Actress for Nicole Kidman , winning two : for Best Art Direction and Best Costume Design . It was the first musical nominated for Best Picture in 10 years , following Disney 's Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) .

text: Moulin

text: Rouge

text: mulæn

text: ru

text: from

text: French

text: mul

text: is

text: Australian

text: American

text: pastiche

text: jukebox

text: musical

text: film

text: directed

text: produced

text: and

text: co

text: written

text: by

text: Baz

text: Luhrmann

text: It

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: young

text: Scottish

text: poet

text: writer

text: Christian

text: Ewan

text: McGregor

text: who

text: falls

text: in

text: love

text: with

text: the

text: terminally

text: ill

text: star

text: of

text: the

text: Moulin

text: Rouge

text: cabaret

text: actress

text: and

text: courtesan

text: Satine

text: Nicole

text: Kidman

text: It

text: uses

text: the

text: musical

text: setting

text: of

text: the

text: Montmartre

text: Quarter

text: of

text: Paris

text: France

text: At

text: the

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: the

text: film

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: eight

text: Oscars

text: including

text: Best

text: Picture

text: and

text: Best

text: Actress

text: for

text: Nicole

text: Kidman

text: winning

text: two

text: for

text: Best

text: Art

text: Direction

text: and

text: Best

text: Costume

text: Design

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: musical

text: nominated

text: for

text: Best

text: Picture

text: in

text: years

text: following

text: Disney

text: 's

text: Beauty

text: and

text: the

text: Beast

text: Île-de-France (, , "Island of France"), also known as the "région parisienne" ("Parisian Region"; see Etymology), is one of the 18 regions of France, and includes the city of Paris. It covers 12012 square kilometers (4638 square miles), and has its own regional council and president. It has a population of 12,005,077 as of January 2014, or 18.2 percent of the population of France.

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: Island

text: of

text: France

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: région

text: parisienne

text: Parisian

text: Region

text: see

text: Etymology

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: regions

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Paris

text: It

text: covers

text: square

text: kilometers

text: square

text: miles

text: and

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: regional

text: council

text: and

text: president

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: or

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: France

text: Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896  December 21, 1940), known professionally as F. Scott Fitzgerald, was an American novelist and short story writer, whose works illustrate the Jazz Age. While he achieved limited success in his lifetime, he is now widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the "Lost Generation" of the 1920s. He finished four novels: "This Side of Paradise", "The Beautiful and Damned", "The Great Gatsby", and "Tender Is the Night". A fifth, unfinished novel, "The Love of the Last Tycoon", was published posthumously. Fitzgerald also wrote numerous short stories, many of which treat themes of youth and promise, and age and despair.

text: Francis

text: Scott

text: Key

text: Fitzgerald

text: September

text: December

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Scott

text: Fitzgerald

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: novelist

text: and

text: short

text: story

text: writer

text: whose

text: works

text: illustrate

text: the

text: Jazz

text: Age

text: While

text: he

text: achieved

text: limited

text: success

text: in

text: his

text: lifetime

text: he

text: is

text: now

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: American

text: writers

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Fitzgerald

text: is

text: considered

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Lost

text: Generation

text: of

text: the

text: He

text: finished

text: four

text: novels

text: This

text: Side

text: of

text: Paradise

text: The

text: Beautiful

text: and

text: Damned

text: The

text: Great

text: Gatsby

text: and

text: Tender

text: Is

text: the

text: Night

text: fifth

text: unfinished

text: novel

text: The

text: Love

text: of

text: the

text: Last

text: Tycoon

text: was

text: published

text: posthumously

text: Fitzgerald

text: also

text: wrote

text: numerous

text: short

text: stories

text: many

text: of

text: which

text: treat

text: themes

text: of

text: youth

text: and

text: promise

text: and

text: age

text: and

text: despair

text: Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France.

text: Paris

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: within

text: its

text: administrative

text: limits

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: both

text: commune

text: and

text: department

text: and

text: forms

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: or

text: Paris

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: comprising

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: France

text: Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence, which exist in time. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives from Greek  ("mousike"; "art of the Muses"). In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound."

text: Music

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: and

text: cultural

text: activity

text: whose

text: medium

text: is

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: which

text: exist

text: in

text: time

text: The

text: common

text: elements

text: of

text: music

text: are

text: pitch

text: which

text: governs

text: melody

text: and

text: harmony

text: rhythm

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: concepts

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: articulation

text: dynamics

text: loudness

text: and

text: softness

text: and

text: the

text: sonic

text: qualities

text: of

text: timbre

text: and

text: texture

text: which

text: are

text: sometimes

text: termed

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: musical

text: sound

text: Different

text: styles

text: or

text: types

text: of

text: music

text: may

text: emphasize

text: de

text: emphasize

text: or

text: omit

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: elements

text: Music

text: is

text: performed

text: with

text: vast

text: range

text: of

text: instruments

text: and

text: vocal

text: techniques

text: ranging

text: from

text: singing

text: to

text: rapping

text: there

text: are

text: solely

text: instrumental

text: pieces

text: solely

text: vocal

text: pieces

text: such

text: as

text: songs

text: without

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: pieces

text: that

text: combine

text: singing

text: and

text: instruments

text: The

text: word

text: derives

text: from

text: Greek

text: mousike

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: Muses

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: the

text: activities

text: describing

text: music

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: music

text: songs

text: tunes

text: symphonies

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: music

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: examination

text: of

text: music

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: and

text: Indian

text: philosophers

text: defined

text: music

text: as

text: tones

text: ordered

text: horizontally

text: as

text: melodies

text: and

text: vertically

text: as

text: harmonies

text: Common

text: sayings

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: harmony

text: of

text: the

text: spheres

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: music

text: to

text: my

text: ears

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: music

text: is

text: often

text: ordered

text: and

text: pleasant

text: to

text: listen

text: to

text: However

text: century

text: composer

text: John

text: Cage

text: thought

text: that

text: any

text: sound

text: can

text: be

text: music

text: saying

text: for

text: example

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: noise

text: only

text: sound

text: A song, most broadly, is a single (and often standalone) work of music that is typically intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections. Written words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created, are called lyrics. If a pre-existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art song. Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants. Songs in a simple style that are learned informally are often referred to as folk songs. Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs. These songs, which have broad appeal, are often composed by professional songwriters, composers and lyricists. Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances. Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video (or in some, cases, a song may be performed live and simultaneously recorded). Songs may also appear in plays, musical theatre, stage shows of any form, and within operas.

text: song

text: most

text: broadly

text: is

text: single

text: and

text: often

text: standalone

text: work

text: of

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: typically

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: human

text: voice

text: with

text: distinct

text: and

text: fixed

text: pitches

text: and

text: patterns

text: using

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: and

text: variety

text: of

text: forms

text: that

text: often

text: include

text: the

text: repetition

text: of

text: sections

text: Written

text: words

text: created

text: specifically

text: for

text: music

text: or

text: for

text: which

text: music

text: is

text: specifically

text: created

text: are

text: called

text: lyrics

text: If

text: pre

text: existing

text: poem

text: is

text: set

text: to

text: composed

text: music

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: song

text: Songs

text: that

text: are

text: sung

text: on

text: repeated

text: pitches

text: without

text: distinct

text: contours

text: and

text: patterns

text: that

text: rise

text: and

text: fall

text: are

text: called

text: chants

text: Songs

text: in

text: simple

text: style

text: that

text: are

text: learned

text: informally

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: folk

text: songs

text: Songs

text: that

text: are

text: composed

text: for

text: professional

text: singers

text: who

text: sell

text: their

text: recordings

text: or

text: live

text: shows

text: to

text: the

text: mass

text: market

text: are

text: called

text: popular

text: songs

text: These

text: songs

text: which

text: have

text: broad

text: appeal

text: are

text: often

text: composed

text: by

text: professional

text: songwriters

text: composers

text: and

text: lyricists

text: Art

text: songs

text: are

text: composed

text: by

text: trained

text: classical

text: composers

text: for

text: concert

text: or

text: recital

text: performances

text: Songs

text: are

text: performed

text: live

text: and

text: recorded

text: on

text: audio

text: or

text: video

text: or

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: song

text: may

text: be

text: performed

text: live

text: and

text: simultaneously

text: recorded

text: Songs

text: may

text: also

text: appear

text: in

text: plays

text: musical

text: theatre

text: stage

text: shows

text: of

text: any

text: form

text: and

text: within

text: operas

text: A pub, or public house, is an establishment licensed to sell alcoholic drinks, which traditionally include beer, ale and other brewed alcoholic drinks. It is a relaxed, social drinking establishment and a prominent part of British culture, Irish culture, New Zealand culture and Australian culture. In many places, especially in villages, a pub is the focal point of the community. In his 17th century diary Samuel Pepys described the pub as "the heart of England."

text: pub

text: or

text: public

text: house

text: is

text: an

text: establishment

text: licensed

text: to

text: sell

text: alcoholic

text: drinks

text: which

text: traditionally

text: include

text: beer

text: ale

text: and

text: other

text: brewed

text: alcoholic

text: drinks

text: It

text: is

text: relaxed

text: social

text: drinking

text: establishment

text: and

text: prominent

text: part

text: of

text: British

text: culture

text: Irish

text: culture

text: New

text: Zealand

text: culture

text: and

text: Australian

text: culture

text: In

text: many

text: places

text: especially

text: in

text: villages

text: pub

text: is

text: the

text: focal

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: community

text: In

text: his

text: century

text: diary

text: Samuel

text: Pepys

text: described

text: the

text: pub

text: as

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: England

text: Mark Anthony "Baz" Luhrmann (born 17 September 1962) is an Australian film director, screenwriter and producer best known for "The Red Curtain Trilogy", comprising his romantic comedy film "Strictly Ballroom" (1992), the romantic drama "Romeo + Juliet" (1996), and the pastiche-jukebox musical "Moulin Rouge!" (2001). His 2008 film "Australia" is an epic historical romantic drama film starring Hugh Jackman and Nicole Kidman. His 2013 drama "The Great Gatsby", based on F. Scott Fitzgerald's 1925 novel of the same name, stars Leonardo DiCaprio (whom he also used in "Romeo + Juliet") and Tobey Maguire.

text: Mark

text: Anthony

text: Baz

text: Luhrmann

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: Australian

text: film

text: director

text: screenwriter

text: and

text: producer

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: The

text: Red

text: Curtain

text: Trilogy

text: comprising

text: his

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: film

text: Strictly

text: Ballroom

text: the

text: romantic

text: drama

text: Romeo

text: Juliet

text: and

text: the

text: pastiche

text: jukebox

text: musical

text: Moulin

text: Rouge

text: His

text: film

text: Australia

text: is

text: an

text: epic

text: historical

text: romantic

text: drama

text: film

text: starring

text: Hugh

text: Jackman

text: and

text: Nicole

text: Kidman

text: His

text: drama

text: The

text: Great

text: Gatsby

text: based

text: on

text: Scott

text: Fitzgerald

text: 's

text: novel

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: stars

text: Leonardo

text: DiCaprio

text: whom

text: he

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: Romeo

text: Juliet

text: and

text: Tobey

text: Maguire

question: series moulin rouge!

answer: the red curtain trilogy

text: the red curtain trilogy

text: the red curtain trilogy


text: Peter the Great, Peter I or Peter Alexeyevich (  ) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May (O.S. 27 April) 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V. Through a number of successful wars he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, westernized, and based on The Enlightenment. Peter's reforms made a lasting impact on Russia and many institutions of Russian government trace their origins to his reign.

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: Peter

text: or

text: Peter

text: Alexeyevich

text: ruled

text: the

text: Tsardom

text: of

text: Russia

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: from

text: May

text: O.S.

text: April

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: jointly

text: ruling

text: before

text: with

text: his

text: elder

text: half

text: brother

text: Ivan

text: Through

text: number

text: of

text: successful

text: wars

text: he

text: expanded

text: the

text: Tsardom

text: into

text: much

text: larger

text: empire

text: that

text: became

text: major

text: European

text: power

text: He

text: led

text: cultural

text: revolution

text: that

text: replaced

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: traditionalist

text: and

text: medieval

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: systems

text: with

text: ones

text: that

text: were

text: modern

text: scientific

text: westernized

text: and

text: based

text: on

text: The

text: Enlightenment

text: Peter

text: 's

text: reforms

text: made

text: lasting

text: impact

text: on

text: Russia

text: and

text: many

text: institutions

text: of

text: Russian

text: government

text: trace

text: their

text: origins

text: to

text: his

text: reign

text: The White movement and its military arm the White Army ( i/ , "Belaya Armiya"), also known as the White Guard ( i/ , "Belaya Gvardiya") or the Whites ( and , "White Guardsmen"), was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks (, "Majority"), also known as the "Reds", in the Russian Civil War (19171922/3) and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly the Second World War.

text: The

text: White

text: movement

text: and

text: its

text: military

text: arm

text: the

text: White

text: Army

text: i/

text: Belaya

text: Armiya

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: White

text: Guard

text: i/

text: Belaya

text: Gvardiya

text: or

text: the

text: Whites

text: and

text: White

text: Guardsmen

text: was

text: loose

text: confederation

text: of

text: Anti

text: Communist

text: forces

text: that

text: fought

text: the

text: Bolsheviks

text: Majority

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Reds

text: in

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: to

text: lesser

text: extent

text: continued

text: operating

text: as

text: militarized

text: associations

text: both

text: outside

text: and

text: within

text: Russian

text: borders

text: until

text: roughly

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: The Gulf of Finland  is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the Gulf of Finland belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbours are located farthest in, near Saint Petersburg (including Primorsk). As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the Gulf of Finland has been and continues to be of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: is

text: the

text: easternmost

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: extends

text: between

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Estonia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: in

text: Russia

text: where

text: the

text: river

text: Neva

text: drains

text: into

text: it

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: around

text: the

text: gulf

text: include

text: Helsinki

text: and

text: Tallinn

text: The

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: belong

text: to

text: Russia

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: Russia

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: oil

text: harbours

text: are

text: located

text: farthest

text: in

text: near

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: including

text: Primorsk

text: As

text: the

text: seaway

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: has

text: been

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: considerable

text: strategic

text: importance

text: to

text: Russia

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: environmental

text: problems

text: affecting

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: are

text: at

text: their

text: most

text: pronounced

text: in

text: the

text: shallow

text: gulf

text: Prince Anatoly Pavlovich Lieven , ( Russian :      ) , ( 1872 , Saint Petersburg -- 1937 ) was a Baltic German prince of the Lieven family who commanded a counter-revolutionary White movement during the Russian Civil War in Latvia known after him as the Liventsy ( Latvian : Lvenieši ) . Lieven developed tensions with general Pavel Bermondt - Avalov when the former forbade his men to fight the Estonian Army in Vidzeme , unlike the rest of the Baltische Landeswehr . His detachment only performed rear security duties for the Landeswehr during the campaign . After the civil war Lieven became a Latvian citizen and a manufacturer of bricks . He was active in the anticommunist movement and led a detachment of the Brotherhood of Russian Truth .

text: Prince

text: Anatoly

text: Pavlovich

text: Lieven

text: Russian

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: was

text: Baltic

text: German

text: prince

text: of

text: the

text: Lieven

text: family

text: who

text: commanded

text: counter

text: revolutionary

text: White

text: movement

text: during

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: in

text: Latvia

text: known

text: after

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: Liventsy

text: Latvian

text: Lvenieši

text: Lieven

text: developed

text: tensions

text: with

text: general

text: Pavel

text: Bermondt

text: Avalov

text: when

text: the

text: former

text: forbade

text: his

text: men

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: Estonian

text: Army

text: in

text: Vidzeme

text: unlike

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Baltische

text: Landeswehr

text: His

text: detachment

text: only

text: performed

text: rear

text: security

text: duties

text: for

text: the

text: Landeswehr

text: during

text: the

text: campaign

text: After

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: Lieven

text: became

text: Latvian

text: citizen

text: and

text: manufacturer

text: of

text: bricks

text: He

text: was

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: anticommunist

text: movement

text: and

text: led

text: detachment

text: of

text: the

text: Brotherhood

text: of

text: Russian

text: Truth

text: The Green armies, Green Army (Russian: " "), or Greens (Russian: "") were armed peasant groups which fought against all governments in the Russian Civil War of 191722. They fought to protect their communities from requisitions or reprisals carried out by third parties. At times associated with the Socialist-Revolutionary Party (by far the largest grouping of the Russian Constituent Assembly elected in 1917), the Green Armies had at least tacit support throughout much of Russia. However, the Green Armies' primary base, the peasantry, were largely reluctant to wage an active campaign during the Russian Civil War. Its strength during the civil war has been measured at 40,000 men.

text: The

text: Green

text: armies

text: Green

text: Army

text: Russian

text: or

text: Greens

text: Russian

text: were

text: armed

text: peasant

text: groups

text: which

text: fought

text: against

text: all

text: governments

text: in

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: of

text: They

text: fought

text: to

text: protect

text: their

text: communities

text: from

text: requisitions

text: or

text: reprisals

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: third

text: parties

text: At

text: times

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Revolutionary

text: Party

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: largest

text: grouping

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Constituent

text: Assembly

text: elected

text: in

text: the

text: Green

text: Armies

text: had

text: at

text: least

text: tacit

text: support

text: throughout

text: much

text: of

text: Russia

text: However

text: the

text: Green

text: Armies

text: primary

text: base

text: the

text: peasantry

text: were

text: largely

text: reluctant

text: to

text: wage

text: an

text: active

text: campaign

text: during

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: Its

text: strength

text: during

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: has

text: been

text: measured

text: at

text: men

text: Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel or Vrangel ("Baron Pyotr Nikolayevich Vrangel" April 25, 1928) was an officer in the Imperial Russian Army and later commanding general of the anti-Bolshevik White Army in Southern Russia in the later stages of the Russian Civil War. After his side lost the civil war in 1920, he left Russia and became one of the most prominent exiled White émigrés.

text: Baron

text: Pyotr

text: Nikolayevich

text: Wrangel

text: or

text: Vrangel

text: Baron

text: Pyotr

text: Nikolayevich

text: Vrangel

text: April

text: was

text: an

text: officer

text: in

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Russian

text: Army

text: and

text: later

text: commanding

text: general

text: of

text: the

text: anti

text: Bolshevik

text: White

text: Army

text: in

text: Southern

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: stages

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: After

text: his

text: side

text: lost

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: in

text: he

text: left

text: Russia

text: and

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: exiled

text: White

text: émigrés

text: A saint, also historically known as a hallow, is a term used for a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness or likeness to God. Depending on the context and denomination, the term also retains its original Christian meaning, as any believer who is "in Christ" and in whom Christ dwells, whether in Heaven or on Earth. In Anglican, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, and Oriental Orthodox doctrine, all of their faithful deceased in Heaven are considered to be saints, but some are considered worthy of greater honor or emulation; official ecclesiastical recognition, and consequently veneration, is given to some saints through the process of canonization in the Catholic Church or glorification in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

text: saint

text: also

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: hallow

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: having

text: an

text: exceptional

text: degree

text: of

text: holiness

text: or

text: likeness

text: to

text: God

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: context

text: and

text: denomination

text: the

text: term

text: also

text: retains

text: its

text: original

text: Christian

text: meaning

text: as

text: any

text: believer

text: who

text: is

text: in

text: Christ

text: and

text: in

text: whom

text: Christ

text: dwells

text: whether

text: in

text: Heaven

text: or

text: on

text: Earth

text: In

text: Anglican

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Lutheran

text: and

text: Oriental

text: Orthodox

text: doctrine

text: all

text: of

text: their

text: faithful

text: deceased

text: in

text: Heaven

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: saints

text: but

text: some

text: are

text: considered

text: worthy

text: of

text: greater

text: honor

text: or

text: emulation

text: official

text: ecclesiastical

text: recognition

text: and

text: consequently

text: veneration

text: is

text: given

text: to

text: some

text: saints

text: through

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: canonization

text: in

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: or

text: glorification

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Orthodox

text: Church

text: Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term, geographically, Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north; which includes (from west to east) most or all of: Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, the Netherlands, northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, northern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and northwest Russia. However, narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors, such as climate and ecology. Greenland, geographically a part of North America, is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and may be included depending on the definition.

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: or

text: region

text: of

text: Europe

text: Although

text: no

text: definitive

text: borders

text: or

text: definition

text: exists

text: for

text: the

text: term

text: geographically

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: consist

text: approximately

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: above

text: the

text: parallel

text: north

text: which

text: includes

text: from

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: Iceland

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: northern

text: Germany

text: Denmark

text: Norway

text: Sweden

text: northern

text: Poland

text: Finland

text: Estonia

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: northwest

text: Russia

text: However

text: narrower

text: definitions

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: based

text: on

text: other

text: geographical

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: climate

text: and

text: ecology

text: Greenland

text: geographically

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: politically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: included

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: definition

text: The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favoring monarchism, capitalism and alternative forms of socialism, each with democratic and antidemocratic variants. In addition, rival militant socialists and nonideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the Whites. Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces and the pro-German armies. The Red Army defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and evacuated in late 1920. Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years, and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923. Armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934. There were an estimated 7,000,000-12,000,000 casualties during the war, mostly civilians. The Russian Civil War has been described by some as the greatest national catastrophe that Europe had yet seen.

text: The

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: was

text: multi

text: party

text: war

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: immediately

text: after

text: the

text: Russian

text: Revolutions

text: of

text: as

text: many

text: factions

text: vied

text: to

text: determine

text: Russia

text: 's

text: political

text: future

text: The

text: two

text: largest

text: combatant

text: groups

text: were

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: fighting

text: for

text: the

text: Bolshevik

text: form

text: of

text: socialism

text: and

text: the

text: loosely

text: allied

text: forces

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: White

text: Army

text: which

text: included

text: diverse

text: interests

text: favoring

text: monarchism

text: capitalism

text: and

text: alternative

text: forms

text: of

text: socialism

text: each

text: with

text: democratic

text: and

text: antidemocratic

text: variants

text: In

text: addition

text: rival

text: militant

text: socialists

text: and

text: nonideological

text: Green

text: armies

text: fought

text: against

text: both

text: the

text: Bolsheviks

text: and

text: the

text: Whites

text: Eight

text: foreign

text: nations

text: intervened

text: against

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: notably

text: the

text: Allied

text: Forces

text: and

text: the

text: pro

text: German

text: armies

text: The

text: Red

text: Army

text: defeated

text: the

text: White

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: South

text: Russia

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: the

text: army

text: led

text: by

text: Admiral

text: Aleksandr

text: Kolchak

text: in

text: Siberia

text: in

text: The

text: remains

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: forces

text: commanded

text: by

text: Pyotr

text: Nikolayevich

text: Wrangel

text: were

text: beaten

text: in

text: Crimea

text: and

text: evacuated

text: in

text: late

text: Lesser

text: battles

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: continued

text: on

text: the

text: periphery

text: for

text: two

text: more

text: years

text: and

text: minor

text: skirmishes

text: with

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: continued

text: well

text: into

text: Armed

text: national

text: resistance

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: was

text: not

text: completely

text: crushed

text: until

text: There

text: were

text: an

text: estimated

text: casualties

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: mostly

text: civilians

text: The

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: by

text: some

text: as

text: the

text: greatest

text: national

text: catastrophe

text: that

text: Europe

text: had

text: yet

text: seen

text: Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 17131728 and 17321918, Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow.

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: is

text: Russia

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: after

text: Moscow

text: with

text: five

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: Russian

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: politically

text: incorporated

text: as

text: federal

text: subject

text: federal

text: city

text: Situated

text: on

text: the

text: Neva

text: River

text: at

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: on

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Tsar

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: on

text: May

text: In

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: from

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: to

text: Petrograd

text: in

text: to

text: Leningrad

text: and

text: in

text: back

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Between

text: and

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: was

text: the

text: imperial

text: capital

text: of

text: Russia

text: In

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: bodies

text: moved

text: to

text: Moscow

text: Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.

text: Lithuania

text: UK

text: and

text: US

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Baltic

text: states

text: it

text: is

text: situated

text: along

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Denmark

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Lithuania

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Vilnius

text: Lithuanians

text: are

text: Baltic

text: people

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: Lithuanian

text: along

text: with

text: Latvian

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: two

text: living

text: languages

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: language

text: family

text: The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.

text: The

text: euro

text: sign

text: code

text: EUR

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: currency

text: of

text: the

text: eurozone

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Austria

text: Belgium

text: Cyprus

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: France

text: Germany

text: Greece

text: Ireland

text: Italy

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: Luxembourg

text: Malta

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Portugal

text: Slovakia

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Spain

text: The

text: currency

text: is

text: also

text: officially

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: four

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: unilaterally

text: by

text: two

text: others

text: and

text: is

text: consequently

text: used

text: daily

text: by

text: some

text: million

text: Europeans

text: Outside

text: of

text: Europe

text: number

text: of

text: overseas

text: territories

text: of

text: EU

text: members

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: their

text: currency

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.

text: Belarus

text: lat

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Belarus

text: formerly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Russian

text: name

text: Byelorussia

text: though

text: this

text: name

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: used

text: in

text: Belarus

text: itself

text: even

text: in

text: Russian

text: language

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Minsk

text: Over

text: of

text: its

text: is

text: forested

text: Its

text: strongest

text: economic

text: sectors

text: are

text: service

text: industries

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: different

text: states

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: controlled

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Belarus

text: including

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: to

text: centuries

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (derived from  "bol'shinstvo", "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The RSDLP was a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898 in Minsk(Belarus) to unite the various revolutionary organisations of the Russian Empire into one party.

text: The

text: Bolsheviks

text: originally

text: also

text: Bolshevists

text: or

text: Bolsheviki

text: derived

text: from

text: bol'shinstvo

text: majority

text: literally

text: meaning

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: were

text: faction

text: of

text: the

text: Marxist

text: Russian

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Labour

text: Party

text: RSDLP

text: which

text: split

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: Menshevik

text: faction

text: at

text: the

text: Second

text: Party

text: Congress

text: in

text: The

text: RSDLP

text: was

text: revolutionary

text: socialist

text: political

text: party

text: formed

text: in

text: in

text: Minsk(Belarus

text: to

text: unite

text: the

text: various

text: revolutionary

text: organisations

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: into

text: one

text: party

text: The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (: RKKA, frequently shortened in Russian to ; KA, in English: Red Army also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch - Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and after 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution (Red October or Bolshevik Revolution). The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Beginning in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in December 1991.

text: The

text: Workers

text: and

text: Peasants

text: Red

text: Army

text: RKKA

text: frequently

text: shortened

text: in

text: Russian

text: to

text: KA

text: in

text: English

text: Red

text: Army

text: also

text: in

text: critical

text: literature

text: and

text: folklore

text: of

text: that

text: epoch

text: Red

text: Horde

text: Army

text: of

text: Work

text: was

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: the

text: air

text: force

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Soviet

text: Federative

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republics

text: The

text: army

text: was

text: established

text: immediately

text: after

text: the

text: October

text: Revolution

text: Red

text: October

text: or

text: Bolshevik

text: Revolution

text: The

text: Bolsheviks

text: raised

text: an

text: army

text: to

text: oppose

text: the

text: military

text: confederations

text: especially

text: the

text: various

text: groups

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: White

text: Army

text: of

text: their

text: adversaries

text: during

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: Beginning

text: in

text: February

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Navy

text: embodied

text: the

text: main

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: taking

text: the

text: official

text: name

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Army

text: until

text: its

text: dissolution

text: in

text: December

text: Russia, also officially known as the Russian Empire, was a state that existed from 1721 until it was overthrown by the short-lived liberal February Revolution in 1917. One of the largest empires in world history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in 181214 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe, and expanded to the west and south.

text: Russia

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: was

text: state

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: overthrown

text: by

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: liberal

text: February

text: Revolution

text: in

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: empires

text: in

text: world

text: history

text: stretching

text: over

text: three

text: continents

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: was

text: surpassed

text: in

text: landmass

text: only

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: Mongol

text: empires

text: The

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: happened

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: neighboring

text: rival

text: powers

text: the

text: Swedish

text: Empire

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: Persia

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: It

text: played

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: in

text: defeating

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: ambitions

text: to

text: control

text: Europe

text: and

text: expanded

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, one of the three Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, as well as a maritime border to the west alongside Sweden. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.

text: Latvia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Latvia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: region

text: of

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Baltic

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Estonia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: maritime

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: alongside

text: Sweden

text: Latvia

text: has

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: territory

text: of

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: The terms Baltic region, Baltic Rim countries, and Baltic Rim refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea.

text: The

text: terms

text: Baltic

text: region

text: Baltic

text: Rim

text: countries

text: and

text: Baltic

text: Rim

text: refer

text: to

text: slightly

text: different

text: combinations

text: of

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: area

text: surrounding

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: The Crimean Peninsula ("Krymskiy poluostrov;" , "Kryms'ky pivostriv"), also known simply as Crimea ( "Krym" "Krym"), is a major land mass on the northern coast of the Black Sea that is almost completely surrounded by both the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the northeast. The peninsula is located south of the Ukrainian region of Kherson and west of the Russian region of Kuban. It is connected to Kherson Oblast by the Isthmus of Perekop and is separated from Kuban by the Strait of Kerch. The Arabat Spit is located to the northeast, a narrow strip of land that separates a system of lagoons named Sivash from the Sea of Azov.

text: The

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: Krymskiy

text: poluostrov

text: Kryms'ky

text: pivostriv

text: also

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Crimea

text: Krym

text: Krym

text: is

text: major

text: land

text: mass

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: that

text: is

text: almost

text: completely

text: surrounded

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: smaller

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: The

text: peninsula

text: is

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: region

text: of

text: Kherson

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: region

text: of

text: Kuban

text: It

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Kherson

text: Oblast

text: by

text: the

text: Isthmus

text: of

text: Perekop

text: and

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Kuban

text: by

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Kerch

text: The

text: Arabat

text: Spit

text: is

text: located

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: that

text: separates

text: system

text: of

text: lagoons

text: named

text: Sivash

text: from

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: occupation anatoly lieven

answer: officer

text: officer