text: Rumpelstiltskin (sometimes spelled as Rumplestiltskin) is a fairy tale popularly associated with Germany (where he is known as Rumpelstilzchen). The tale was one collected by the Brothers Grimm in the 1812 edition of "Children's and Household Tales". According to researchers at Durham University and the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, the story originated around 4,000 years ago.

text: Rumpelstiltskin

text: sometimes

text: spelled

text: as

text: Rumplestiltskin

text: is

text: fairy

text: tale

text: popularly

text: associated

text: with

text: Germany

text: where

text: he

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Rumpelstilzchen

text: The

text: tale

text: was

text: one

text: collected

text: by

text: the

text: Brothers

text: Grimm

text: in

text: the

text: edition

text: of

text: Children

text: 's

text: and

text: Household

text: Tales

text: According

text: to

text: researchers

text: at

text: Durham

text: University

text: and

text: the

text: Universidade

text: Nova

text: de

text: Lisboa

text: the

text: story

text: originated

text: around

text: years

text: ago

text: Juraj Jakubisko (born 30 April 1938, Kojšov, Czechoslovakia current Slovakia) is a Slovak film director. In his movies he managed to catch life's most beautiful colors, unhide the poetry behind the ordinary and to be ahead of his time without forgetting his roots. "In Jakubisko films the irrational, mysterious and sensational seems to be as natural as the life itself, although not all of us are able to have Jakubisko s eye, enabled to see that mysterious, unexpected and fantastic even in simple ordinary daily life - Federico Fellini". Thanks to his typical handwriting, full of allegory, fantasy and visionary imagination, about Jakubisko is written as about an artist, who with his magical realism in this part of the world means in the film the same, what Gabriel García Márquez in the literature of the Latin America. Juraj Jakubisko attracts the international attention thanks to his experimental films.

text: Juraj

text: Jakubisko

text: born

text: April

text: Kojšov

text: Czechoslovakia

text: current

text: Slovakia

text: is

text: Slovak

text: film

text: director

text: In

text: his

text: movies

text: he

text: managed

text: to

text: catch

text: life

text: 's

text: most

text: beautiful

text: colors

text: unhide

text: the

text: poetry

text: behind

text: the

text: ordinary

text: and

text: to

text: be

text: ahead

text: of

text: his

text: time

text: without

text: forgetting

text: his

text: roots

text: In

text: Jakubisko

text: films

text: the

text: irrational

text: mysterious

text: and

text: sensational

text: seems

text: to

text: be

text: as

text: natural

text: as

text: the

text: life

text: itself

text: although

text: not

text: all

text: of

text: us

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: have

text: Jakubisko

text: eye

text: enabled

text: to

text: see

text: that

text: mysterious

text: unexpected

text: and

text: fantastic

text: even

text: in

text: simple

text: ordinary

text: daily

text: life

text: Federico

text: Fellini

text: Thanks

text: to

text: his

text: typical

text: handwriting

text: full

text: of

text: allegory

text: fantasy

text: and

text: visionary

text: imagination

text: about

text: Jakubisko

text: is

text: written

text: as

text: about

text: an

text: artist

text: who

text: with

text: his

text: magical

text: realism

text: in

text: this

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: means

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: the

text: same

text: what

text: Gabriel

text: García

text: Márquez

text: in

text: the

text: literature

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: America

text: Juraj

text: Jakubisko

text: attracts

text: the

text: international

text: attention

text: thanks

text: to

text: his

text: experimental

text: films

text: Cinderella, or The Little Glass Slipper, is a folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression/triumphant reward. Thousands of variants are known throughout the world. The title character is a young woman living in unfortunate circumstances, that are suddenly changed to remarkable fortune. The oldest documented version comes from China, and the oldest European version from Italy. The most popular version was first published by Charles Perrault in "Histoires ou contes du temps passé" in 1697, and later by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection "Grimms' Fairy Tales".

text: Cinderella

text: or

text: The

text: Little

text: Glass

text: Slipper

text: is

text: folk

text: tale

text: embodying

text: myth

text: element

text: of

text: unjust

text: oppression

text: triumphant

text: reward

text: Thousands

text: of

text: variants

text: are

text: known

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: title

text: character

text: is

text: young

text: woman

text: living

text: in

text: unfortunate

text: circumstances

text: that

text: are

text: suddenly

text: changed

text: to

text: remarkable

text: fortune

text: The

text: oldest

text: documented

text: version

text: comes

text: from

text: China

text: and

text: the

text: oldest

text: European

text: version

text: from

text: Italy

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: version

text: was

text: first

text: published

text: by

text: Charles

text: Perrault

text: in

text: Histoires

text: ou

text: contes

text: du

text: temps

text: passé

text: in

text: and

text: later

text: by

text: the

text: Brothers

text: Grimm

text: in

text: their

text: folk

text: tale

text: collection

text: Grimms

text: Fairy

text: Tales

text: The Feather Fairy ( Slovak : Perinbaba ) is a 1985 adaptation of a Brothers Grimm 's Mother Hulda short story directed by Slovak director Juraj Jakubisko . A fairy tale about a grandma who cares for snow and a boy who is n't afraid of death .

text: The

text: Feather

text: Fairy

text: Slovak

text: Perinbaba

text: is

text: adaptation

text: of

text: Brothers

text: Grimm

text: 's

text: Mother

text: Hulda

text: short

text: story

text: directed

text: by

text: Slovak

text: director

text: Juraj

text: Jakubisko

text: fairy

text: tale

text: about

text: grandma

text: who

text: cares

text: for

text: snow

text: and

text: boy

text: who

text: is

text: n't

text: afraid

text: of

text: death

text: The Brothers Grimm (' or '), Jacob (17851863) and Wilhelm Grimm (17861859), were German academics, philologists, cultural researchers, lexicographers and authors who together specialized in collecting and publishing folklore during the 19th century. They were among the best-known storytellers of folk tales, and popularized stories such as "Cinderella" (""), "The Frog Prince" (""), "The Goose-Girl" ("Die Gänsemagd"), "Hansel and Gretel" (""), "Rapunzel", "Rumpelstiltskin" (""),"Sleeping Beauty" (""), and "Snow White" (""). Their first collection of folk tales, "Children's and Household Tales" ("), was published in 1812.

text: The

text: Brothers

text: Grimm

text: or

text: Jacob

text: and

text: Wilhelm

text: Grimm

text: were

text: German

text: academics

text: philologists

text: cultural

text: researchers

text: lexicographers

text: and

text: authors

text: who

text: together

text: specialized

text: in

text: collecting

text: and

text: publishing

text: folklore

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: They

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: storytellers

text: of

text: folk

text: tales

text: and

text: popularized

text: stories

text: such

text: as

text: Cinderella

text: The

text: Frog

text: Prince

text: The

text: Goose

text: Girl

text: Die

text: Gänsemagd

text: Hansel

text: and

text: Gretel

text: Rapunzel

text: Rumpelstiltskin

text: Sleeping

text: Beauty

text: and

text: Snow

text: White

text: Their

text: first

text: collection

text: of

text: folk

text: tales

text: Children

text: 's

text: and

text: Household

text: Tales

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: Kojšov is a village and municipality in the Gelnica District in the Košice Region of eastern Slovakia. In 2011 had total municipality a population of 736 inhabitants. Near Kojšov are located natural sightseeings Kojšovská Hoa /hill/ and Folkmarská Skala /stone sculpture/, as well as Lukáova Jaskya/cave/. The village and the surroundings has many holiday homes where people from Košice go at the weekends and relax.

text: Kojšov

text: is

text: village

text: and

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: Gelnica

text: District

text: in

text: the

text: Košice

text: Region

text: of

text: eastern

text: Slovakia

text: In

text: had

text: total

text: municipality

text: population

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: Near

text: Kojšov

text: are

text: located

text: natural

text: sightseeings

text: Kojšovská

text: Hoa

text: /hill/

text: and

text: Folkmarská

text: Skala

text: /stone

text: sculpture/

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Lukáova

text: Jaskya

text: cave/.

text: The

text: village

text: and

text: the

text: surroundings

text: has

text: many

text: holiday

text: homes

text: where

text: people

text: from

text: Košice

text: go

text: at

text: the

text: weekends

text: and

text: relax

text: Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and , "esko-Slovensko") was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

text: Czechoslovakia

text: or

text: Czecho

text: Slovakia

text: Czech

text: and

text: esko

text: Slovensko

text: was

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: October

text: when

text: it

text: declared

text: its

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: until

text: its

text: peaceful

text: dissolution

text: into

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: on

text: January

question: country_of_origin the feather fairy

answer: czechoslovakia

text: czechoslovakia

text: czechoslovakia


text: The Gauls were Celtic peoples inhabiting Gaul in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD). Their Gaulish language forms the main branch of the Continental Celtic languages.

text: The

text: Gauls

text: were

text: Celtic

text: peoples

text: inhabiting

text: Gaul

text: in

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: and

text: the

text: Roman

text: period

text: roughly

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: Their

text: Gaulish

text: language

text: forms

text: the

text: main

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Continental

text: Celtic

text: languages

text: The Treveri or Treviri were a Belgic tribe who inhabited the lower valley of the Moselle from around 150 BCE, if not earlier, until their eventual absorption into the Franks. Their domain lay within the southern fringes of the "Silva Arduenna" (Ardennes Forest), a part of the vast Silva Carbonaria, in what are now Luxembourg, southeastern Belgium and western Germany; its centre was the city of Trier ("Augusta Treverorum"), to which the Treveri give their name. Celtic in language, according to Tacitus they claimed Germanic descent.

text: The

text: Treveri

text: or

text: Treviri

text: were

text: Belgic

text: tribe

text: who

text: inhabited

text: the

text: lower

text: valley

text: of

text: the

text: Moselle

text: from

text: around

text: BCE

text: if

text: not

text: earlier

text: until

text: their

text: eventual

text: absorption

text: into

text: the

text: Franks

text: Their

text: domain

text: lay

text: within

text: the

text: southern

text: fringes

text: of

text: the

text: Silva

text: Arduenna

text: Ardennes

text: Forest

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: vast

text: Silva

text: Carbonaria

text: in

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: Luxembourg

text: southeastern

text: Belgium

text: and

text: western

text: Germany

text: its

text: centre

text: was

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Trier

text: Augusta

text: Treverorum

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: Treveri

text: give

text: their

text: name

text: Celtic

text: in

text: language

text: according

text: to

text: Tacitus

text: they

text: claimed

text: Germanic

text: descent

text: Acculturation is the process of cultural change and psychological change that results following meeting between cultures. The effects of acculturation can be seen at multiple levels in both interacting cultures. Acculturation is a direct change of one's culture through dominance over another's culture through either military or political conquest. At the group level, acculturation often results in changes to culture, customs, and social institutions. Noticeable group level effects of acculturation often include changes in food, clothing, and language. At the individual level, differences in the way individuals acculturate have been shown to be associated not just with changes in daily behavior, but with numerous measures of psychological and physical well-being. As enculturation is used to describe the process of first-culture learning, acculturation can be thought of as second-culture learning.

text: Acculturation

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: cultural

text: change

text: and

text: psychological

text: change

text: that

text: results

text: following

text: meeting

text: between

text: cultures

text: The

text: effects

text: of

text: acculturation

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: at

text: multiple

text: levels

text: in

text: both

text: interacting

text: cultures

text: Acculturation

text: is

text: direct

text: change

text: of

text: one

text: 's

text: culture

text: through

text: dominance

text: over

text: another

text: 's

text: culture

text: through

text: either

text: military

text: or

text: political

text: conquest

text: At

text: the

text: group

text: level

text: acculturation

text: often

text: results

text: in

text: changes

text: to

text: culture

text: customs

text: and

text: social

text: institutions

text: Noticeable

text: group

text: level

text: effects

text: of

text: acculturation

text: often

text: include

text: changes

text: in

text: food

text: clothing

text: and

text: language

text: At

text: the

text: individual

text: level

text: differences

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: individuals

text: acculturate

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: associated

text: not

text: just

text: with

text: changes

text: in

text: daily

text: behavior

text: but

text: with

text: numerous

text: measures

text: of

text: psychological

text: and

text: physical

text: well

text: being

text: As

text: enculturation

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: first

text: culture

text: learning

text: acculturation

text: can

text: be

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: second

text: culture

text: learning

text: Trier, formerly known in English as Treves, is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle. Trier lies in a valley between low vine-covered hills of red sandstone in the west of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, near the border with Luxembourg and within the important Moselle wine region.

text: Trier

text: formerly

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Treves

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Moselle

text: Trier

text: lies

text: in

text: valley

text: between

text: low

text: vine

text: covered

text: hills

text: of

text: red

text: sandstone

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Rhineland

text: Palatinate

text: near

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: important

text: Moselle

text: wine

text: region

text: Gallo-Roman religion was a fusion of the traditional religious practices of the Gauls, who were originally Celtic speakers, and the Roman and Hellenistic religions introduced to the region under Roman Imperial rule. It was the result of selective acculturation.

text: Gallo

text: Roman

text: religion

text: was

text: fusion

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: religious

text: practices

text: of

text: the

text: Gauls

text: who

text: were

text: originally

text: Celtic

text: speakers

text: and

text: the

text: Roman

text: and

text: Hellenistic

text: religions

text: introduced

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: under

text: Roman

text: Imperial

text: rule

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: selective

text: acculturation

text: The Nemetes, by modern authors sometimes called Nemeti, were an ancient Germanic tribe living by the Rhine where Ariovistus had led them, the Suebi and other allied Germanic peoples in the second quarter of the 1st century BC. The Roman name for Speyer, "Noviomagus Nemetum", reflects this city's status as the Nemetes' tribal capital. According to Tacitus, they were "unquestionably Germanic". The name of the tribe, however, is Celtic as the name of its main town "Noviomagus" meaning "noviios" 'new' and "magos" 'plain', 'market' (cf. Old Irish "mag" 'plain'), as are those of a number of gods worshipped in their territory, including Nemetona, who is thought to have been their eponymous deity. Both of these names derive from the Celtic root "nemeto-", referring to sacred spaces.

text: The

text: Nemetes

text: by

text: modern

text: authors

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Nemeti

text: were

text: an

text: ancient

text: Germanic

text: tribe

text: living

text: by

text: the

text: Rhine

text: where

text: Ariovistus

text: had

text: led

text: them

text: the

text: Suebi

text: and

text: other

text: allied

text: Germanic

text: peoples

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: The

text: Roman

text: name

text: for

text: Speyer

text: Noviomagus

text: Nemetum

text: reflects

text: this

text: city

text: 's

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: Nemetes

text: tribal

text: capital

text: According

text: to

text: Tacitus

text: they

text: were

text: unquestionably

text: Germanic

text: The

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: tribe

text: however

text: is

text: Celtic

text: as

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: its

text: main

text: town

text: Noviomagus

text: meaning

text: noviios

text: new

text: and

text: magos

text: plain

text: market

text: cf

text: Old

text: Irish

text: mag

text: plain

text: as

text: are

text: those

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: gods

text: worshipped

text: in

text: their

text: territory

text: including

text: Nemetona

text: who

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: their

text: eponymous

text: deity

text: Both

text: of

text: these

text: names

text: derive

text: from

text: the

text: Celtic

text: root

text: nemeto-

text: referring

text: to

text: sacred

text: spaces

text:
Gaul (Latin: "Gallia") was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands, Central Italy and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine. It covered an area of 190,800 mi² or 494,169 km². According to the testimony of Julius Caesar, Gaul was divided into three parts: Gallia Celtica, Belgica and Aquitania.
Archaeologically, the Gauls were bearers of the La Tène culture, which extended across all of Gaul, as well as east to Raetia, Noricum, Pannonia and southwestern Germania during the 5th to 1st centuries BC.
During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, Gaul fell under Roman rule: Gallia Cisalpina was conquered in 203 BC and Gallia Narbonensis in 123 BC. Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons, who were in turn defeated by the Romans by 103 BC. Julius Caesar finally subdued the remaining parts of Gaul in his campaigns of 58 to 51 BC.

text: Gaul

text: Latin

text: Gallia

text: was

text: region

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: that

text: was

text: inhabited

text: by

text: Celtic

text: tribes

text: encompassing

text: present

text: day

text: France

text: Luxembourg

text: Belgium

text: most

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Central

text: Italy

text: and

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: It

text: covered

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: or

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: testimony

text: of

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Gaul

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: parts

text: Gallia

text: Celtica

text: Belgica

text: and

text: Aquitania

text: Archaeologically

text: the

text: Gauls

text: were

text: bearers

text: of

text: the

text: La

text: Tène

text: culture

text: which

text: extended

text: across

text: all

text: of

text: Gaul

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: east

text: to

text: Raetia

text: Noricum

text: Pannonia

text: and

text: southwestern

text: Germania

text: during

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Gaul

text: fell

text: under

text: Roman

text: rule

text: Gallia

text: Cisalpina

text: was

text: conquered

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: Gallia

text: Narbonensis

text: in

text: BC

text: Gaul

text: was

text: invaded

text: after

text: BC

text: by

text: the

text: Cimbri

text: and

text: the

text: Teutons

text: who

text: were

text: in

text: turn

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: by

text: BC

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: finally

text: subdued

text: the

text: remaining

text: parts

text: of

text: Gaul

text: in

text: his

text: campaigns

text: of

text: to

text: BC

text: Nemetona, or she of the sacred grove, is a Celtic goddess with roots in northeastern Gaul. She is thought to have been the eponymous deity of the Germano-Celtic people known as the Nemetes; evidence of her veneration is found in their former territory along the Middle Rhine as well in the Altbachtal sanctuary in present-day Trier, Germany. She is also attested in Bath, England, where an altar to her was dedicated by a man of the Gallic Treveri people.

text: Nemetona

text: or

text: she

text: of

text: the

text: sacred

text: grove

text: is

text: Celtic

text: goddess

text: with

text: roots

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Gaul

text: She

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: eponymous

text: deity

text: of

text: the

text: Germano

text: Celtic

text: people

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Nemetes

text: evidence

text: of

text: her

text: veneration

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: their

text: former

text: territory

text: along

text: the

text: Middle

text: Rhine

text: as

text: well

text: in

text: the

text: Altbachtal

text: sanctuary

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Trier

text: Germany

text: She

text: is

text: also

text: attested

text: in

text: Bath

text: England

text: where

text: an

text: altar

text: to

text: her

text: was

text: dedicated

text: by

text: man

text: of

text: the

text: Gallic

text: Treveri

text: people

text: In Gallo - Roman religion , Loucetios ( Latinized as Leucetius ) was a Gallic god known from the Rhine - Moselle region , where he was invariably identified with the Roman Mars . Scholars have interpreted his name to mean `` lightning '' . Mars Loucetius was worshipped alongside the goddess Nemetona .

text: In

text: Gallo

text: Roman

text: religion

text: Loucetios

text: Latinized

text: as

text: Leucetius

text: was

text: Gallic

text: god

text: known

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: Moselle

text: region

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: invariably

text: identified

text: with

text: the

text: Roman

text: Mars

text: Scholars

text: have

text: interpreted

text: his

text: name

text: to

text: mean

text: lightning

text: Mars

text: Loucetius

text: was

text: worshipped

text: alongside

text: the

text: goddess

text: Nemetona

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely single

question: instance_of loucetios

answer: deity

text: deity

text: deity


text: Trondheim, historically Kaupangen, Nidaros and Trondhjem, is a city and municipality in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It has a population of 187,353 (January 1, 2016), and is the third most populous municipality in Norway, although the fourth largest urban area. It is the third largest city in the country, with a population (2013) of 169,972 inhabitants within the city borders. The city functions as the administrative centre of Sør-Trøndelag county. Trondheim lies on the south shore of Trondheim Fjord at the mouth of the river Nidelva. The city is dominated by the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), the Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research (SINTEF), St. Olavs University Hospital and other technology-oriented institutions.

text: Trondheim

text: historically

text: Kaupangen

text: Nidaros

text: and

text: Trondhjem

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: municipality

text: in

text: Sør

text: Trøndelag

text: county

text: Norway

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: January

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: in

text: Norway

text: although

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: borders

text: The

text: city

text: functions

text: as

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: Sør

text: Trøndelag

text: county

text: Trondheim

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: shore

text: of

text: Trondheim

text: Fjord

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: Nidelva

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: University

text: of

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: NTNU

text: the

text: Foundation

text: for

text: Scientific

text: and

text: Industrial

text: Research

text: SINTEF

text: St.

text: Olavs

text: University

text: Hospital

text: and

text: other

text: technology

text: oriented

text: institutions

text: Dimmu Borgir (or or ) is a Norwegian symphonic black metal band from Oslo, Norway, formed in 1993. The name is derived from Dimmuborgir, a volcanic formation in Iceland, the name of which means "dark cities" or "dark castles/fortresses" in Icelandic, Faroese and Old Norse. The band has been through numerous lineup changes over the years; guitarist Silenoz and vocalist Shagrath are the only original members who still remain with guitarist Galder being a longstanding member.

text: Dimmu

text: Borgir

text: or

text: or

text: is

text: Norwegian

text: symphonic

text: black

text: metal

text: band

text: from

text: Oslo

text: Norway

text: formed

text: in

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: Dimmuborgir

text: volcanic

text: formation

text: in

text: Iceland

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: means

text: dark

text: cities

text: or

text: dark

text: castles

text: fortresses

text: in

text: Icelandic

text: Faroese

text: and

text: Old

text: Norse

text: The

text: band

text: has

text: been

text: through

text: numerous

text: lineup

text: changes

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: guitarist

text: Silenoz

text: and

text: vocalist

text: Shagrath

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: original

text: members

text: who

text: still

text: remain

text: with

text: guitarist

text: Galder

text: being

text: longstanding

text: member

text: Antestor is a Norwegian unblack metal band formed in 1990 in Jessheim. Credited for starting the northern European Christian black metal scene, Antestor is the only Christian band to have an album released by Cacophonous Records, which has also released records by bands such as Dimmu Borgir, Sigh, and Cradle of Filth. The band's only release on Cacophonous, "The Return of the Black Death", proved influential for the Christian black metal movement, and has sold over 10,000 copies.

text: Antestor

text: is

text: Norwegian

text: unblack

text: metal

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: in

text: Jessheim

text: Credited

text: for

text: starting

text: the

text: northern

text: European

text: Christian

text: black

text: metal

text: scene

text: Antestor

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: Christian

text: band

text: to

text: have

text: an

text: album

text: released

text: by

text: Cacophonous

text: Records

text: which

text: has

text: also

text: released

text: records

text: by

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Dimmu

text: Borgir

text: Sigh

text: and

text: Cradle

text: of

text: Filth

text: The

text: band

text: 's

text: only

text: release

text: on

text: Cacophonous

text: The

text: Return

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: proved

text: influential

text: for

text: the

text: Christian

text: black

text: metal

text: movement

text: and

text: has

text: sold

text: over

text: copies

text: The Return of the Black Death is the second recorded and first released studio album by the Norwegian unblack metal band Antestor, released on September 14, 1998. It is the band's only release on the British Cacophonous Records label. This album's working title was "Kongsblod". Antestor recorded another album, "Martyrium", prior to "The Return of the Black Death", in 1994, and while bootleg versions of the recording circulated, this album did not see official release until 2000.

text: The

text: Return

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: recorded

text: and

text: first

text: released

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: unblack

text: metal

text: band

text: Antestor

text: released

text: on

text: September

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: only

text: release

text: on

text: the

text: British

text: Cacophonous

text: Records

text: label

text: This

text: album

text: 's

text: working

text: title

text: was

text: Kongsblod

text: Antestor

text: recorded

text: another

text: album

text: Martyrium

text: prior

text: to

text: The

text: Return

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Death

text: in

text: and

text: while

text: bootleg

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: recording

text: circulated

text: this

text: album

text: did

text: not

text: see

text: official

text: release

text: until

text: Ann - Mari Edvardsen is a Norwegian singer and keyboardist most notable for her stint as vocalist and keyboardist of The 3rd and the Mortal from 1995 to 1997 . She has also been vocalist for Tactile Gemma and has been a guest vocalist for Novembre and session vocalist for Antestor . Along with a career in metal music , she also has a career in opera music as well . She has musical experience from Trøndelag Conservatory of Music and the Stockholm Academy of Opera . She is sisters with Monika Edvardsen , who is a former vocalist of Atrox and who also worked with Tactile Gemma .

text: Ann

text: Mari

text: Edvardsen

text: is

text: Norwegian

text: singer

text: and

text: keyboardist

text: most

text: notable

text: for

text: her

text: stint

text: as

text: vocalist

text: and

text: keyboardist

text: of

text: The

text: and

text: the

text: Mortal

text: from

text: to

text: She

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: vocalist

text: for

text: Tactile

text: Gemma

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: guest

text: vocalist

text: for

text: Novembre

text: and

text: session

text: vocalist

text: for

text: Antestor

text: Along

text: with

text: career

text: in

text: metal

text: music

text: she

text: also

text: has

text: career

text: in

text: opera

text: music

text: as

text: well

text: She

text: has

text: musical

text: experience

text: from

text: Trøndelag

text: Conservatory

text: of

text: Music

text: and

text: the

text: Stockholm

text: Academy

text: of

text: Opera

text: She

text: is

text: sisters

text: with

text: Monika

text: Edvardsen

text: who

text: is

text: former

text: vocalist

text: of

text: Atrox

text: and

text: who

text: also

text: worked

text: with

text: Tactile

text: Gemma

text: Kari Rueslåtten (born October 3, 1973 in Trondheim) is a Norwegian soprano singer, songwriter and keyboardist, who was well known for being the former lead singer and songwriter for the now disbanded Norwegian doom metal/experimental band, The 3rd and the Mortal from 1992 to 1994. The 3rd and the Mortal was one of the early bands that used a lead female singer in the metal scene, in which inspired bands such as The Gathering, Flowing Tears and Nightwish.

text: Kari

text: Rueslåtten

text: born

text: October

text: in

text: Trondheim

text: is

text: Norwegian

text: soprano

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: keyboardist

text: who

text: was

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: former

text: lead

text: singer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: for

text: the

text: now

text: disbanded

text: Norwegian

text: doom

text: metal

text: experimental

text: band

text: The

text: and

text: the

text: Mortal

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: and

text: the

text: Mortal

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: bands

text: that

text: used

text: lead

text: female

text: singer

text: in

text: the

text: metal

text: scene

text: in

text: which

text: inspired

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Gathering

text: Flowing

text: Tears

text: and

text: Nightwish

text: Cradle of Filth are a British extreme metal band that formed in Suffolk in 1991. The band's musical style evolved from black metal to a cleaner and more "produced" amalgam of gothic metal, symphonic metal and other metal genres. Their lyrical themes and imagery are heavily influenced by gothic literature, poetry, mythology and horror films.

text: Cradle

text: of

text: Filth

text: are

text: British

text: extreme

text: metal

text: band

text: that

text: formed

text: in

text: Suffolk

text: in

text: The

text: band

text: 's

text: musical

text: style

text: evolved

text: from

text: black

text: metal

text: to

text: cleaner

text: and

text: more

text: produced

text: amalgam

text: of

text: gothic

text: metal

text: symphonic

text: metal

text: and

text: other

text: metal

text: genres

text: Their

text: lyrical

text: themes

text: and

text: imagery

text: are

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: gothic

text: literature

text: poetry

text: mythology

text: and

text: horror

text: films

text: The 3rd and the Mortal (alternative spelling The Third and the Mortal) were a Norwegian experimental metal band, founded in the city of Trondheim, Norway, in 1992 by Rune Hoemsnes, Finn Olav Holthe, Geir Nilssen, Trond Engum and singer Kari Rueslåtten. The band started out as a doom metal band mixing distorted guitars and heavy drumming with clean guitars and vocals from Kari Rueslåtten. The band went on to experiment with genres such as progressive rock, jazz, ambient, folk, and electronica.

text: The

text: and

text: the

text: Mortal

text: alternative

text: spelling

text: The

text: Third

text: and

text: the

text: Mortal

text: were

text: Norwegian

text: experimental

text: metal

text: band

text: founded

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Trondheim

text: Norway

text: in

text: by

text: Rune

text: Hoemsnes

text: Finn

text: Olav

text: Holthe

text: Geir

text: Nilssen

text: Trond

text: Engum

text: and

text: singer

text: Kari

text: Rueslåtten

text: The

text: band

text: started

text: out

text: as

text: doom

text: metal

text: band

text: mixing

text: distorted

text: guitars

text: and

text: heavy

text: drumming

text: with

text: clean

text: guitars

text: and

text: vocals

text: from

text: Kari

text: Rueslåtten

text: The

text: band

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: experiment

text: with

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: progressive

text: rock

text: jazz

text: ambient

text: folk

text: and

text: electronica

annotations: follows multiple

question: date_of_birth ann-mari edvardsen

answer: 2000


text:
Tiit Vähi (born 10 January 1947) is an Estonian politician who was Prime Minister of Estonia from 1995 to 1997. He was also acting Prime Minister for several months during 1992 under the transitional government.
Life and career.
Born in Valga, Estonia, Vähi graduated from the Tallinn Technical University with a degree in Engineering. From the time of his graduation until 1992, he served in several top managerial post with the Valga Trucking Company.

text: Tiit

text: Vähi

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: Estonian

text: politician

text: who

text: was

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Estonia

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: acting

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: for

text: several

text: months

text: during

text: under

text: the

text: transitional

text: government

text: Life

text: and

text: career

text: Born

text: in

text: Valga

text: Estonia

text: Vähi

text: graduated

text: from

text: the

text: Tallinn

text: Technical

text: University

text: with

text: degree

text: in

text: Engineering

text: From

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: graduation

text: until

text: he

text: served

text: in

text: several

text: top

text: managerial

text: post

text: with

text: the

text: Valga

text: Trucking

text: Company

text: Estonian Coalition Party ("Eesti Koonderakond") was an Estonian centrist/centre-right liberal political party. Founded in 1991 by Tiit Vähi, it disbanded in 2001. The party was an observing member of Liberal International from 1998 on. It had a contacts with parties like Latvian Way and participated in the ruling coalition of 1995-1999. A party mostly uniting former (urban) nomenklatura and other Soviet era officials, it was closely allied with the Party of Rural People, which, however, represented more populist, centre-left ideology.

text: Estonian

text: Coalition

text: Party

text: Eesti

text: Koonderakond

text: was

text: an

text: Estonian

text: centrist

text: centre

text: right

text: liberal

text: political

text: party

text: Founded

text: in

text: by

text: Tiit

text: Vähi

text: it

text: disbanded

text: in

text: The

text: party

text: was

text: an

text: observing

text: member

text: of

text: Liberal

text: International

text: from

text: on

text: It

text: had

text: contacts

text: with

text: parties

text: like

text: Latvian

text: Way

text: and

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: ruling

text: coalition

text: of

text: party

text: mostly

text: uniting

text: former

text: urban

text: nomenklatura

text: and

text: other

text: Soviet

text: era

text: officials

text: it

text: was

text: closely

text: allied

text: with

text: the

text: Party

text: of

text: Rural

text: People

text: which

text: however

text: represented

text: more

text: populist

text: centre

text: left

text: ideology

text: Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 7 March 1999 . The elections proved disastrous for the Estonian Coalition Party , which won only seven seats together with two of its smaller allies . The Estonian Country People 's Union , which participated the election on its own list , obtained seven seats as well . The programme of Mart Laar 's government was signed by Pro Patria Union , Reform Party , Moderates and People 's Party . The latter two merged soon after , so Mart Laar 's second government is widely known as Kolmikliit , or Tripartite coalition . Notwithstanding the different political orientation of the ruling parties , the coalition stayed united until Mart Laar resigned in December 2001 , after Reform Party had broken up the same coalition in Tallinn municipality , making opposition leader Edgar Savisaar new Mayor of Tallinn . After resignation of Laar , Reform Party and Estonian Centre Party formed a coalition that lasted until next parliamentary election , 2003 .

text: Parliamentary

text: elections

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: Estonia

text: on

text: March

text: The

text: elections

text: proved

text: disastrous

text: for

text: the

text: Estonian

text: Coalition

text: Party

text: which

text: won

text: only

text: seven

text: seats

text: together

text: with

text: two

text: of

text: its

text: smaller

text: allies

text: The

text: Estonian

text: Country

text: People

text: 's

text: Union

text: which

text: participated

text: the

text: election

text: on

text: its

text: own

text: list

text: obtained

text: seven

text: seats

text: as

text: well

text: The

text: programme

text: of

text: Mart

text: Laar

text: 's

text: government

text: was

text: signed

text: by

text: Pro

text: Patria

text: Union

text: Reform

text: Party

text: Moderates

text: and

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: The

text: latter

text: two

text: merged

text: soon

text: after

text: so

text: Mart

text: Laar

text: 's

text: second

text: government

text: is

text: widely

text: known

text: as

text: Kolmikliit

text: or

text: Tripartite

text: coalition

text: Notwithstanding

text: the

text: different

text: political

text: orientation

text: of

text: the

text: ruling

text: parties

text: the

text: coalition

text: stayed

text: united

text: until

text: Mart

text: Laar

text: resigned

text: in

text: December

text: after

text: Reform

text: Party

text: had

text: broken

text: up

text: the

text: same

text: coalition

text: in

text: Tallinn

text: municipality

text: making

text: opposition

text: leader

text: Edgar

text: Savisaar

text: new

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Tallinn

text: After

text: resignation

text: of

text: Laar

text: Reform

text: Party

text: and

text: Estonian

text: Centre

text: Party

text: formed

text: coalition

text: that

text: lasted

text: until

text: next

text: parliamentary

text: election

annotations: likely multiple

question: office_contested estonian parliamentary election

answer: prime minister of estonia

text: prime minister of estonia


text: Norodom Monineath Sihanouk (born Paule Monique Izzi, 18 June 1936) is the queen mother of Cambodia. She was queen consort of Cambodia from 1952 to 1955 and again from 1993 to 2004, as the wife of King Norodom Sihanouk. She is the widow of King-Father Norodom Sihanouk, whom she married in 1952. Queen Monineath and King Sihanouk parented two children: Norodom Sihamoni (b. 1953) and Norodom Narindrapong (1954-2003). Her official, full title is "Preah Karuna Preah Bat Samdech Preah Mahaksatreyani Norodom Monineath Sihanouk". The Queen is also called "Preah Voreakreach Meada Cheat Khmer". Her birthday on 18 June is an official public holiday in Cambodia.

text: Norodom

text: Monineath

text: Sihanouk

text: born

text: Paule

text: Monique

text: Izzi

text: June

text: is

text: the

text: queen

text: mother

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: She

text: was

text: queen

text: consort

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: again

text: from

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: King

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: She

text: is

text: the

text: widow

text: of

text: King

text: Father

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: whom

text: she

text: married

text: in

text: Queen

text: Monineath

text: and

text: King

text: Sihanouk

text: parented

text: two

text: children

text: Norodom

text: Sihamoni

text: and

text: Norodom

text: Narindrapong

text: Her

text: official

text: full

text: title

text: is

text: Preah

text: Karuna

text: Preah

text: Bat

text: Samdech

text: Preah

text: Mahaksatreyani

text: Norodom

text: Monineath

text: Sihanouk

text: The

text: Queen

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Preah

text: Voreakreach

text: Meada

text: Cheat

text: Khmer

text: Her

text: birthday

text: on

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: public

text: holiday

text: in

text: Cambodia

text: The Sangkum Reastr Niyum, literally the "community of the common people" usually translated as "People's Socialist Community"; commonly known simply as the Sangkum) was a political organisation set up in 1955 by Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia. Though it described itself as a 'movement' rather than a political party (members had to abjure membership of any political group), the Sangkum retained control of the government of Cambodia throughout the first administration of Sihanouk, from 1955 to 1970.

text: The

text: Sangkum

text: Reastr

text: Niyum

text: literally

text: the

text: community

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: people

text: usually

text: translated

text: as

text: People

text: 's

text: Socialist

text: Community

text: commonly

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: Sangkum

text: was

text: political

text: organisation

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: by

text: Prince

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: Though

text: it

text: described

text: itself

text: as

text: movement

text: rather

text: than

text: political

text: party

text: members

text: had

text: to

text: abjure

text: membership

text: of

text: any

text: political

text: group

text: the

text: Sangkum

text: retained

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: throughout

text: the

text: first

text: administration

text: of

text: Sihanouk

text: from

text: to

text: The Prime Minister of Cambodia is the head of government of Cambodia. The prime minister is also the chairman of the Cabinet and leads the executive branch of the Royal Cambodian Government. The prime minister is required to be a member of parliament, and is appointed by the monarch for a term of five years. Since 1945, there have been 36 prime ministers.

text: The

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: The

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Cabinet

text: and

text: leads

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Cambodian

text: Government

text: The

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: be

text: member

text: of

text: parliament

text: and

text: is

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: monarch

text: for

text: term

text: of

text: five

text: years

text: Since

text: there

text: have

text: been

text: prime

text: ministers

text: Norodom Sihanouk (31 October 192215 October 2012) was the King of Cambodia from 1941 to 1955 and again from 1993 to 2004. Affectionately known to the Cambodian people as Samdech Euv (father prince), Sihanouk became king in 1941. After the Second World War, he campaigned for Cambodia's independence from French rule, which took place in 1953. In 1955, Sihanouk abdicated the throne in favour of his father Norodom Suramarit, and went on to form the political organisation Sangkum. Sihanouk led the Sangkum to victory in the 1955 general elections, and became the Prime Minister of Cambodia. After his father's death in 1960, Sihanouk introduced a constitutional amendment which made him the Head of State of Cambodia, a position which he held until 1970. Between 1955 and 1970, Sihanouk governed Cambodia under one-party rule, and cracked down on political dissent from the Democrat party and Pracheachon. While he was officially neutral in foreign relations, in practice he was friendlier toward communist countries, particularly China, than to the United States and its anti-Communist allies.

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: October

text: October

text: was

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: again

text: from

text: to

text: Affectionately

text: known

text: to

text: the

text: Cambodian

text: people

text: as

text: Samdech

text: Euv

text: father

text: prince

text: Sihanouk

text: became

text: king

text: in

text: After

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: he

text: campaigned

text: for

text: Cambodia

text: 's

text: independence

text: from

text: French

text: rule

text: which

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: In

text: Sihanouk

text: abdicated

text: the

text: throne

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Norodom

text: Suramarit

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: political

text: organisation

text: Sangkum

text: Sihanouk

text: led

text: the

text: Sangkum

text: to

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: general

text: elections

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: After

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: Sihanouk

text: introduced

text: constitutional

text: amendment

text: which

text: made

text: him

text: the

text: Head

text: of

text: State

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: position

text: which

text: he

text: held

text: until

text: Between

text: and

text: Sihanouk

text: governed

text: Cambodia

text: under

text: one

text: party

text: rule

text: and

text: cracked

text: down

text: on

text: political

text: dissent

text: from

text: the

text: Democrat

text: party

text: and

text: Pracheachon

text: While

text: he

text: was

text: officially

text: neutral

text: in

text: foreign

text: relations

text: in

text: practice

text: he

text: was

text: friendlier

text: toward

text: communist

text: countries

text: particularly

text: China

text: than

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: its

text: anti

text: Communist

text: allies

text: A throne is the seat of state of a potentate or dignitary, especially the seat occupied by a sovereign on state occasions; or the seat occupied by a pope or bishop on ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the monarchy or the Crown itself, an instance of metonymy, and is also used in many expressions such as "the power behind the throne".

text: throne

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: state

text: of

text: potentate

text: or

text: dignitary

text: especially

text: the

text: seat

text: occupied

text: by

text: sovereign

text: on

text: state

text: occasions

text: or

text: the

text: seat

text: occupied

text: by

text: pope

text: or

text: bishop

text: on

text: ceremonial

text: occasions

text: Throne

text: in

text: an

text: abstract

text: sense

text: can

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: monarchy

text: or

text: the

text: Crown

text: itself

text: an

text: instance

text: of

text: metonymy

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: many

text: expressions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: power

text: behind

text: the

text: throne

text: Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and , "esko-Slovensko") was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

text: Czechoslovakia

text: or

text: Czecho

text: Slovakia

text: Czech

text: and

text: esko

text: Slovensko

text: was

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: October

text: when

text: it

text: declared

text: its

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: until

text: its

text: peaceful

text: dissolution

text: into

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: on

text: January

text: Norodom Suramarit ( Khmer :   ) ( 6 March 1896 -- 3 April 1960 ) was King of Cambodia from 1955 until his death in 1960 . He was the father of King Norodom Sihanouk and the grandfather of Cambodia 's current king , Norodom Sihamoni . Suramarit was born in Phnom Penh . He was the son of Prince Norodom Sutharot and grandson of King Norodom . Norodom Sihanouk was both Suramarit 's predecessor and successor as the head of the state . Suramarit was a nephew of King Sisowath Monivong . Surmarit became Monivong 's son - in - law when he married Monivong 's daughter . Upon the Monivong 's death in 1941 , Sihanouk , Suramarit 's son and Monivong 's grandson , was selected as the new king . In 1955 , Sihanouk abdicated in favor of his father . Following Suramarit 's death in 1960 , Norodom Sihanouk again became head of state ( although he did not formally regain the title of king until after other periods in 1993 ) . He was given the posthumous title of Preah Karuna Preah Norodom Suramarit Preah Moha Kachanakkot . King Norodom Suramarit was married to Queen Sisowath Kosamak , daughter of King Sisowath Monivong who remained Queen Mother after her husband 's death .

text: Norodom

text: Suramarit

text: Khmer

text: March

text: April

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: King

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: and

text: the

text: grandfather

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: 's

text: current

text: king

text: Norodom

text: Sihamoni

text: Suramarit

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Phnom

text: Penh

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Prince

text: Norodom

text: Sutharot

text: and

text: grandson

text: of

text: King

text: Norodom

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: was

text: both

text: Suramarit

text: 's

text: predecessor

text: and

text: successor

text: as

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Suramarit

text: was

text: nephew

text: of

text: King

text: Sisowath

text: Monivong

text: Surmarit

text: became

text: Monivong

text: 's

text: son

text: in

text: law

text: when

text: he

text: married

text: Monivong

text: 's

text: daughter

text: Upon

text: the

text: Monivong

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: Sihanouk

text: Suramarit

text: 's

text: son

text: and

text: Monivong

text: 's

text: grandson

text: was

text: selected

text: as

text: the

text: new

text: king

text: In

text: Sihanouk

text: abdicated

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Following

text: Suramarit

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: again

text: became

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: although

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: formally

text: regain

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: king

text: until

text: after

text: other

text: periods

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: posthumous

text: title

text: of

text: Preah

text: Karuna

text: Preah

text: Norodom

text: Suramarit

text: Preah

text: Moha

text: Kachanakkot

text: King

text: Norodom

text: Suramarit

text: was

text: married

text: to

text: Queen

text: Sisowath

text: Kosamak

text: daughter

text: of

text: King

text: Sisowath

text: Monivong

text: who

text: remained

text: Queen

text: Mother

text: after

text: her

text: husband

text: 's

text: death

text: Norodom Sihamoni (born 14 May 1953) became the King of Cambodia on 14 October 2004. He is the eldest son of King Norodom Sihanouk and Queen Norodom Monineath. He was Cambodia's ambassador to UNESCO and named by a nine-member throne council to become the next king after his father Norodom Sihanouk abdicated in 2004. Before ascending the throne, Sihamoni was best known for his work as a cultural ambassador in Europe and as a classical dance instructor, a specialization he graduated from in Prague, Czechoslovakia.

text: Norodom

text: Sihamoni

text: born

text: May

text: became

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: on

text: October

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: eldest

text: son

text: of

text: King

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: and

text: Queen

text: Norodom

text: Monineath

text: He

text: was

text: Cambodia

text: 's

text: ambassador

text: to

text: UNESCO

text: and

text: named

text: by

text: nine

text: member

text: throne

text: council

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: next

text: king

text: after

text: his

text: father

text: Norodom

text: Sihanouk

text: abdicated

text: in

text: Before

text: ascending

text: the

text: throne

text: Sihamoni

text: was

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: as

text: cultural

text: ambassador

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: as

text: classical

text: dance

text: instructor

text: specialization

text: he

text: graduated

text: from

text: in

text: Prague

text: Czechoslovakia

question: position_held norodom suramarit

answer: monarch

text: monarch


text: Moves in the field is a name given to elements of figure skating that emphasize basic skating skill and edge control. In the context of a competitive program, 'moves in the field' include spirals, spread eagles, Ina Bauers, hydroblading, and similar extended edge moves.

text: Moves

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: is

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: elements

text: of

text: figure

text: skating

text: that

text: emphasize

text: basic

text: skating

text: skill

text: and

text: edge

text: control

text: In

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: competitive

text: program

text: moves

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: include

text: spirals

text: spread

text: eagles

text: Ina

text: Bauers

text: hydroblading

text: and

text: similar

text: extended

text: edge

text: moves

text: Scheveningen, is one of the eight districts of The Hague, as well as a subdistrict ("wijk") of that city. Scheveningen is a modern seaside resort with a long, sandy beach, an esplanade, a pier, and a lighthouse. The beach is popular for water sports such as windsurfing and kiteboarding.

text: Scheveningen

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: eight

text: districts

text: of

text: The

text: Hague

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: subdistrict

text: wijk

text: of

text: that

text: city

text: Scheveningen

text: is

text: modern

text: seaside

text: resort

text: with

text: long

text: sandy

text: beach

text: an

text: esplanade

text: pier

text: and

text: lighthouse

text: The

text: beach

text: is

text: popular

text: for

text: water

text: sports

text: such

text: as

text: windsurfing

text: and

text: kiteboarding

text: The International Skating Union (ISU) is the international governing body for competitive ice skating disciplines, including figure skating, synchronized skating, speed skating, and short track speed skating. It was founded in Scheveningen, Netherlands, in 1892, making it one of the oldest international sport federations. The ISU was formed to establish standardized international rules and regulations for the skating disciplines it governs, and to organize international competitions in these disciplines. It is now based in Lausanne, Switzerland.

text: The

text: International

text: Skating

text: Union

text: ISU

text: is

text: the

text: international

text: governing

text: body

text: for

text: competitive

text: ice

text: skating

text: disciplines

text: including

text: figure

text: skating

text: synchronized

text: skating

text: speed

text: skating

text: and

text: short

text: track

text: speed

text: skating

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Scheveningen

text: Netherlands

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: international

text: sport

text: federations

text: The

text: ISU

text: was

text: formed

text: to

text: establish

text: standardized

text: international

text: rules

text: and

text: regulations

text: for

text: the

text: skating

text: disciplines

text: it

text: governs

text: and

text: to

text: organize

text: international

text: competitions

text: in

text: these

text: disciplines

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: based

text: in

text: Lausanne

text: Switzerland

text: Pair skating is a figure skating discipline . International Skating Union ( ISU ) regulations describe pair teams as consisting of `` one lady and one man . '' The sport is distinguished from ice dancing and single skating by elements unique to pair skating , including overhead lifts , twist lifts , death spirals , and throw jumps . The teams also perform the elements of single skating in unison . Pair skating requires similar technique and timing on all elements of the performance , as well as practice and trust between the partners . The aim is to create an impression of `` two skating as one '' . Serious skating accidents are most common in the pair discipline . In February 1908 , pair skating first appeared at the World Championships , with three teams from Germany , the United Kingdom , and Russia competing in Saint Petersburg . Its Olympic debut was in October 1908 , with three teams competing in London , one from Germany and two from the U.K. Since then , the discipline has been dominated by Canada , China and particularly Russia ; from 1964 to 2006 , the Soviet Union / Russia won every pairs Olympic gold medal . Pair skating has evolved significantly since its early beginnings . Some elements common in the modern - day sport were not introduced until decades later .

text: Pair

text: skating

text: is

text: figure

text: skating

text: discipline

text: International

text: Skating

text: Union

text: ISU

text: regulations

text: describe

text: pair

text: teams

text: as

text: consisting

text: of

text: one

text: lady

text: and

text: one

text: man

text: The

text: sport

text: is

text: distinguished

text: from

text: ice

text: dancing

text: and

text: single

text: skating

text: by

text: elements

text: unique

text: to

text: pair

text: skating

text: including

text: overhead

text: lifts

text: twist

text: lifts

text: death

text: spirals

text: and

text: throw

text: jumps

text: The

text: teams

text: also

text: perform

text: the

text: elements

text: of

text: single

text: skating

text: in

text: unison

text: Pair

text: skating

text: requires

text: similar

text: technique

text: and

text: timing

text: on

text: all

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: performance

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: practice

text: and

text: trust

text: between

text: the

text: partners

text: The

text: aim

text: is

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: impression

text: of

text: two

text: skating

text: as

text: one

text: Serious

text: skating

text: accidents

text: are

text: most

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: pair

text: discipline

text: In

text: February

text: pair

text: skating

text: first

text: appeared

text: at

text: the

text: World

text: Championships

text: with

text: three

text: teams

text: from

text: Germany

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Russia

text: competing

text: in

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Its

text: Olympic

text: debut

text: was

text: in

text: October

text: with

text: three

text: teams

text: competing

text: in

text: London

text: one

text: from

text: Germany

text: and

text: two

text: from

text: the

text: U.K.

text: Since

text: then

text: the

text: discipline

text: has

text: been

text: dominated

text: by

text: Canada

text: China

text: and

text: particularly

text: Russia

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Russia

text: won

text: every

text: pairs

text: Olympic

text: gold

text: medal

text: Pair

text: skating

text: has

text: evolved

text: significantly

text: since

text: its

text: early

text: beginnings

text: Some

text: elements

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: day

text: sport

text: were

text: not

text: introduced

text: until

text: decades

text: later

text: Ice skating is the act of moving on ice by using ice skates. It can be done for a variety of reasons, including exercise, leisure, traveling, and various sports. Ice skating occurs both on specially prepared ice surfaces (arenas, tracks, parks), both indoors and outdoors, as well as on naturally occurring bodies of frozen water, such as ponds, lakes and rivers.

text: Ice

text: skating

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: moving

text: on

text: ice

text: by

text: using

text: ice

text: skates

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: done

text: for

text: variety

text: of

text: reasons

text: including

text: exercise

text: leisure

text: traveling

text: and

text: various

text: sports

text: Ice

text: skating

text: occurs

text: both

text: on

text: specially

text: prepared

text: ice

text: surfaces

text: arenas

text: tracks

text: parks

text: both

text: indoors

text: and

text: outdoors

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: on

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: bodies

text: of

text: frozen

text: water

text: such

text: as

text: ponds

text: lakes

text: and

text: rivers

text: Figure skates are a type of ice skate used by figure skaters. The skates consist of a "boot" and a "blade" that is attached with screws to the sole of the boot. Inexpensive sets for recreational skaters are available, but most figure skaters purchase boots and blades separately and have the blades mounted by a professional skate technician.

text: Figure

text: skates

text: are

text: type

text: of

text: ice

text: skate

text: used

text: by

text: figure

text: skaters

text: The

text: skates

text: consist

text: of

text: boot

text: and

text: blade

text: that

text: is

text: attached

text: with

text: screws

text: to

text: the

text: sole

text: of

text: the

text: boot

text: Inexpensive

text: sets

text: for

text: recreational

text: skaters

text: are

text: available

text: but

text: most

text: figure

text: skaters

text: purchase

text: boots

text: and

text: blades

text: separately

text: and

text: have

text: the

text: blades

text: mounted

text: by

text: professional

text: skate

text: technician

text: Single skating is a discipline of figure skating in which male and female skaters compete individually. Men's singles and ladies' singles are both Olympic disciplines and are both governed by the International Skating Union, along with the other Olympic figure skating events, pair skating and ice dancing. Single skaters perform jumps, spins, step sequences, spirals, and other moves in the field as part of their competitive programs.

text: Single

text: skating

text: is

text: discipline

text: of

text: figure

text: skating

text: in

text: which

text: male

text: and

text: female

text: skaters

text: compete

text: individually

text: Men

text: 's

text: singles

text: and

text: ladies

text: singles

text: are

text: both

text: Olympic

text: disciplines

text: and

text: are

text: both

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Skating

text: Union

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: Olympic

text: figure

text: skating

text: events

text: pair

text: skating

text: and

text: ice

text: dancing

text: Single

text: skaters

text: perform

text: jumps

text: spins

text: step

text: sequences

text: spirals

text: and

text: other

text: moves

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: competitive

text: programs

text: Synchronized skating is a discipline of figure skating where 820 (the number of skaters on a team depends on the level) skaters skate on ice as a team, moving as one flowing unit at high speeds while completing difficult footwork. The discipline was originally called precision skating in North America because of the emphasis on maintaining precise formations and timing of the group. Synchronized skating grew rapidly in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

text: Synchronized

text: skating

text: is

text: discipline

text: of

text: figure

text: skating

text: where

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: skaters

text: on

text: team

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: level

text: skaters

text: skate

text: on

text: ice

text: as

text: team

text: moving

text: as

text: one

text: flowing

text: unit

text: at

text: high

text: speeds

text: while

text: completing

text: difficult

text: footwork

text: The

text: discipline

text: was

text: originally

text: called

text: precision

text: skating

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: emphasis

text: on

text: maintaining

text: precise

text: formations

text: and

text: timing

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: Synchronized

text: skating

text: grew

text: rapidly

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating. In the Olympic Games, long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just "speed skating", while short-track speed skating is known as "short track". The ISU, the governing body of both ice sports, refers to long track as "speed skating" and short track as "short track skating".

text: Speed

text: skating

text: is

text: competitive

text: form

text: of

text: ice

text: skating

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: competitors

text: race

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: travelling

text: certain

text: distance

text: on

text: skates

text: Types

text: of

text: speed

text: skating

text: are

text: long

text: track

text: speed

text: skating

text: short

text: track

text: speed

text: skating

text: and

text: marathon

text: speed

text: skating

text: In

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: long

text: track

text: speed

text: skating

text: is

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: just

text: speed

text: skating

text: while

text: short

text: track

text: speed

text: skating

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: short

text: track

text: The

text: ISU

text: the

text: governing

text: body

text: of

text: both

text: ice

text: sports

text: refers

text: to

text: long

text: track

text: as

text: speed

text: skating

text: and

text: short

text: track

text: as

text: short

text: track

text: skating

text: Short track speed skating is a form of competitive ice speed skating. In competitions, multiple skaters (typically between four and six) skate on an oval ice track with a circumference of 111.12 m. The rink itself is 60 m by 30 m, which is the same size as an international-sized ice hockey rink. Short track speed skating is the sister sport to long track speed skating.

text: Short

text: track

text: speed

text: skating

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: competitive

text: ice

text: speed

text: skating

text: In

text: competitions

text: multiple

text: skaters

text: typically

text: between

text: four

text: and

text: six

text: skate

text: on

text: an

text: oval

text: ice

text: track

text: with

text: circumference

text: of

text: The

text: rink

text: itself

text: is

text: by

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: same

text: size

text: as

text: an

text: international

text: sized

text: ice

text: hockey

text: rink

text: Short

text: track

text: speed

text: skating

text: is

text: the

text: sister

text: sport

text: to

text: long

text: track

text: speed

text: skating

text: The World Figure Skating Championships (""Worlds"") is an annual figure skating competition sanctioned by the International Skating Union. Medals are awarded in the categories of men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Generally held in March, the World Championships are considered the most prestigious of the ISU Championships, which also include the European Championships, the Four Continents Championships, and the World Junior Championships. With the exception of the Olympic title, a world title is considered to be the highest competitive achievement in figure skating.

text: The

text: World

text: Figure

text: Skating

text: Championships

text: Worlds

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: figure

text: skating

text: competition

text: sanctioned

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Skating

text: Union

text: Medals

text: are

text: awarded

text: in

text: the

text: categories

text: of

text: men

text: 's

text: singles

text: ladies

text: singles

text: pair

text: skating

text: and

text: ice

text: dancing

text: Generally

text: held

text: in

text: March

text: the

text: World

text: Championships

text: are

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: prestigious

text: of

text: the

text: ISU

text: Championships

text: which

text: also

text: include

text: the

text: European

text: Championships

text: the

text: Four

text: Continents

text: Championships

text: and

text: the

text: World

text: Junior

text: Championships

text: With

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: Olympic

text: title

text: world

text: title

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: highest

text: competitive

text: achievement

text: in

text: figure

text: skating

text: Ice dancing is a discipline of figure skating that draws from ballroom dancing. It joined the World Figure Skating Championships in 1952, and became a Winter Olympic Games medal sport in 1976.

text: Ice

text: dancing

text: is

text: discipline

text: of

text: figure

text: skating

text: that

text: draws

text: from

text: ballroom

text: dancing

text: It

text: joined

text: the

text: World

text: Figure

text: Skating

text: Championships

text: in

text: and

text: became

text: Winter

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: medal

text: sport

text: in

text: The Winter Olympic Games is a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years. Unlike the Summer Olympics, the Winter Olympics feature sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, was held in Chamonix, France. The original five sports (broken into nine disciplines) were bobsleigh, curling, ice hockey, Nordic skiing (consisting of the disciplines military patrol, cross-country skiing, Nordic combined, and ski jumping), and skating (consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating). The Games were held every four years from 1924 until 1936, after which they were interrupted by World War II. The Olympics resumed in 1948 and was again held every four years. Until 1992, the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years, but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years, the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994.

text: The

text: Winter

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: is

text: major

text: international

text: sporting

text: event

text: that

text: occurs

text: once

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: Unlike

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: feature

text: sports

text: practised

text: on

text: snow

text: and

text: ice

text: The

text: first

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Chamonix

text: France

text: The

text: original

text: five

text: sports

text: broken

text: into

text: nine

text: disciplines

text: were

text: bobsleigh

text: curling

text: ice

text: hockey

text: Nordic

text: skiing

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: disciplines

text: military

text: patrol

text: cross

text: country

text: skiing

text: Nordic

text: combined

text: and

text: ski

text: jumping

text: and

text: skating

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: disciplines

text: figure

text: skating

text: and

text: speed

text: skating

text: The

text: Games

text: were

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: from

text: until

text: after

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: interrupted

text: by

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: Olympics

text: resumed

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: again

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: Until

text: the

text: Winter

text: and

text: Summer

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: years

text: but

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: decision

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: IOC

text: to

text: place

text: the

text: Summer

text: and

text: Winter

text: Games

text: on

text: separate

text: four

text: year

text: cycles

text: in

text: alternating

text: even

text: numbered

text: years

text: the

text: next

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: after

text: was

text: in

text: The Netherlands  is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament. The name "Holland" is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: constituent

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: is

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: with

text: three

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: The

text: European

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: borders

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Belgium

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: sharing

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Belgium

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Germany

text: The

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: are

text: Amsterdam

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: while

text: The

text: Hague

text: holds

text: the

text: Dutch

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: parliament

text: The

text: name

text: Holland

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: informally

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text:
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities.
The country is situated in Western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.

text: Switzerland

text: officially

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: cantons

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: authorities

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Western

text: Central

text: Europe

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Italy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: France

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: geographically

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Alps

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: spanning

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: While

text: the

text: Alps

text: occupy

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: the

text: Swiss

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: eight

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: concentrated

text: mostly

text: on

text: the

text: plateau

text: where

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: among

text: them

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: global

text: cities

text: and

text: economic

text: centres

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Geneva

text: Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, duos, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport included in the Olympics, in 1908. The four Olympic disciplines are men's singles, ladies' singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. Non-Olympic disciplines include synchronized skating and four skating. From novice through senior-level competition, skaters generally perform two programs (short and long) which, depending on the discipline, may include spins, jumps, moves in the field, lifts, throw jumps, death spirals, and other elements or moves.

text: Figure

text: skating

text: is

text: sport

text: in

text: which

text: individuals

text: duos

text: or

text: groups

text: perform

text: on

text: figure

text: skates

text: on

text: ice

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: winter

text: sport

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Olympics

text: in

text: The

text: four

text: Olympic

text: disciplines

text: are

text: men

text: 's

text: singles

text: ladies

text: singles

text: pair

text: skating

text: and

text: ice

text: dancing

text: Non

text: Olympic

text: disciplines

text: include

text: synchronized

text: skating

text: and

text: four

text: skating

text: From

text: novice

text: through

text: senior

text: level

text: competition

text: skaters

text: generally

text: perform

text: two

text: programs

text: short

text: and

text: long

text: which

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: discipline

text: may

text: include

text: spins

text: jumps

text: moves

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: lifts

text: throw

text: jumps

text: death

text: spirals

text: and

text: other

text: elements

text: or

text: moves

text: Lausanne (, ) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and the capital and biggest city of the canton of Vaud. The city is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva (or simply "Le Léman"). It faces the French town of Évian-les-Bains, with the Jura Mountains to its north-west. Lausanne is located northeast of Geneva.

text: Lausanne

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: part

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: biggest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Vaud

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Lake

text: Geneva

text: or

text: simply

text: Le

text: Léman

text: It

text: faces

text: the

text: French

text: town

text: of

text: Évian

text: les

text: Bains

text: with

text: the

text: Jura

text: Mountains

text: to

text: its

text: north

text: west

text: Lausanne

text: is

text: located

text: northeast

text: of

text: Geneva

question: subclass_of pair skating

answer: ice skating

text: ice skating

text: ice skating

text: ice skating

text: ice skating