text: Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the longitudinal centre of North America, at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers.

text: Winnipeg

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Manitoba

text: in

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: longitudinal

text: centre

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: and

text: Assiniboine

text: Rivers

text: Al Palladini ( December 24 , 1943 -- March 7 , 2001 ) was a politician in Ontario , Canada . He was a Progressive Conservative member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1995 until his death in 2001 and was a cabinet minister in the government of Mike Harris .

text: Al

text: Palladini

text: December

text: March

text: was

text: politician

text: in

text: Ontario

text: Canada

text: He

text: was

text: Progressive

text: Conservative

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: of

text: Ontario

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: cabinet

text: minister

text: in

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Mike

text: Harris

text: The phrase Common Sense Revolution (CSR) has been used as a political slogan to describe conservative platforms with a main goal of reducing taxes while balancing the budget by reducing the size and role of government. It has been used in places such as Australia and the U.S. state of New Jersey in the 1990s. This article deals with the "Common Sense Revolution" as it was under Ontario Premier Mike Harris, and the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario from 1995 to 2002.

text: The

text: phrase

text: Common

text: Sense

text: Revolution

text: CSR

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: political

text: slogan

text: to

text: describe

text: conservative

text: platforms

text: with

text: main

text: goal

text: of

text: reducing

text: taxes

text: while

text: balancing

text: the

text: budget

text: by

text: reducing

text: the

text: size

text: and

text: role

text: of

text: government

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: places

text: such

text: as

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: Jersey

text: in

text: the

text: This

text: article

text: deals

text: with

text: the

text: Common

text: Sense

text: Revolution

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: under

text: Ontario

text: Premier

text: Mike

text: Harris

text: and

text: the

text: Progressive

text: Conservative

text: Party

text: of

text: Ontario

text: from

text: to

text: Michael Deane "Mike" Harris (born January 23, 1945) was the 22nd Premier of Ontario from June 26, 1995 to April 14, 2002. He is most noted for the "Common Sense Revolution", his Progressive Conservative government's program of deficit reduction in combination with lower taxes and cuts to government programs.

text: Michael

text: Deane

text: Mike

text: Harris

text: born

text: January

text: was

text: the

text: Premier

text: of

text: Ontario

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: April

text: He

text: is

text: most

text: noted

text: for

text: the

text: Common

text: Sense

text: Revolution

text: his

text: Progressive

text: Conservative

text: government

text: 's

text: program

text: of

text: deficit

text: reduction

text: in

text: combination

text: with

text: lower

text: taxes

text: and

text: cuts

text: to

text: government

text: programs

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

text: FOREST (short for "Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco") is a United Kingdom political pressure group which campaigns against tobacco control activity.

text: FOREST

text: short

text: for

text: Freedom

text: Organisation

text: for

text: the

text: Right

text: to

text: Enjoy

text: Smoking

text: Tobacco

text: is

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: political

text: pressure

text: group

text: which

text: campaigns

text: against

text: tobacco

text: control

text: activity

candidates: progressive conservative party of ontario

annotations: follows single

question: member_of_political_party al palladini

answer: progressive conservative party of ontario

text: progressive conservative party of ontario


text: Yanam (French: Yanaon) is a town in the Indian union territory of Puducherry, located in Yanam district, which forms a 30 km² enclave in the district of East Godavari in Andhra Pradesh. It has a population of 32,000, most of whom speak Telugu. For 200 years it was a French colony, and, though united with India in 1954, is still sometimes known as "French Yanam". It possesses a blend of French and Telugu culture prevailing in Andhra Pradesh. During French rule, the Tuesday market ("mangalavaram santa") at Yanam was popular among Telugu people in the Madras Presidency who visited Yanam to buy foreign and smuggled goods during Yanam People's Festival, which is held in January. Also, after implementation of the Sarda Act in British India in 1929, Telugu people came to Yanam to conduct child marriages, which remained legal under the French administration. In 1936, Yanam's population was 5,220.

text: Yanam

text: French

text: Yanaon

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: union

text: territory

text: of

text: Puducherry

text: located

text: in

text: Yanam

text: district

text: which

text: forms

text: enclave

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: East

text: Godavari

text: in

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: speak

text: Telugu

text: For

text: years

text: it

text: was

text: French

text: colony

text: and

text: though

text: united

text: with

text: India

text: in

text: is

text: still

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: French

text: Yanam

text: It

text: possesses

text: blend

text: of

text: French

text: and

text: Telugu

text: culture

text: prevailing

text: in

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: During

text: French

text: rule

text: the

text: Tuesday

text: market

text: mangalavaram

text: santa

text: at

text: Yanam

text: was

text: popular

text: among

text: Telugu

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Madras

text: Presidency

text: who

text: visited

text: Yanam

text: to

text: buy

text: foreign

text: and

text: smuggled

text: goods

text: during

text: Yanam

text: People

text: 's

text: Festival

text: which

text: is

text: held

text: in

text: January

text: Also

text: after

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: Sarda

text: Act

text: in

text: British

text: India

text: in

text: Telugu

text: people

text: came

text: to

text: Yanam

text: to

text: conduct

text: child

text: marriages

text: which

text: remained

text: legal

text: under

text: the

text: French

text: administration

text: In

text: Yanam

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: Tamil Nadu (English pronunciation:  ; ""; : ; literally 'The Land of Tamils' or 'Tamil Country') is one of the 29 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north, by the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Kerala on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast, and by the Indian Ocean on the south. The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka.

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: English

text: pronunciation

text: literally

text: The

text: Land

text: of

text: Tamils

text: or

text: Tamil

text: Country

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: India

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Chennai

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Madras

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: southernmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: union

text: territory

text: of

text: Puducherry

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: Kerala

text: Karnataka

text: and

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Ghats

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Nilgiri

text: the

text: Anamalai

text: Hills

text: and

text: Kerala

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mannar

text: and

text: the

text: Palk

text: Strait

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: state

text: shares

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: nation

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Devanagari (, a compound of ""deva"" and ""ngar"" ; Hindi pronunciation: ), also called Nagari ("Ngar"), is an abugida (alphasyllabary) alphabet of India and Nepal. It is written from left to right, has a strong preference for symmetrical rounded shapes within squared outlines, and is recognisable by a horizontal line that runs along the top of full letters. In a cursory look, the Devanagari script appears different from other Indic scripts such as Bengali, Oriya, or Gurmukhi, but a closer examination reveals they are very similar except for angles and structural emphasis.

text: Devanagari

text: compound

text: of

text: deva

text: and

text: ngar

text: Hindi

text: pronunciation

text: also

text: called

text: Nagari

text: Ngar

text: is

text: an

text: abugida

text: alphasyllabary

text: alphabet

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Nepal

text: It

text: is

text: written

text: from

text: left

text: to

text: right

text: has

text: strong

text: preference

text: for

text: symmetrical

text: rounded

text: shapes

text: within

text: squared

text: outlines

text: and

text: is

text: recognisable

text: by

text: horizontal

text: line

text: that

text: runs

text: along

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: full

text: letters

text: In

text: cursory

text: look

text: the

text: Devanagari

text: script

text: appears

text: different

text: from

text: other

text: Indic

text: scripts

text: such

text: as

text: Bengali

text: Oriya

text: or

text: Gurmukhi

text: but

text: closer

text: examination

text: reveals

text: they

text: are

text: very

text: similar

text: except

text: for

text: angles

text: and

text: structural

text: emphasis

text: A literary language is a register or dialect of a language that is used in literary writing. This may also include liturgical writing. The difference between literary and non-literary forms is more marked in some languages than in others. Where there is a strong divergence, the language is said to exhibit diglossia.

text: literary

text: language

text: is

text: register

text: or

text: dialect

text: of

text: language

text: that

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: literary

text: writing

text: This

text: may

text: also

text: include

text: liturgical

text: writing

text: The

text: difference

text: between

text: literary

text: and

text: non

text: literary

text: forms

text: is

text: more

text: marked

text: in

text: some

text: languages

text: than

text: in

text: others

text: Where

text: there

text: is

text: strong

text: divergence

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: exhibit

text: diglossia

text: Uttarakhand,, formerly known as Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the "Devbhumi" (literally: "Land of the Gods") due to many Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is known for its natural beauty of the Himalayas, the Bhabhar and the Terai. On 9 November 2000, this 27th state of the Republic of India was created from the Himalayan and adjoining northwestern districts of Uttar Pradesh. It borders the Tibet on the north; the Mahakali Zone of the Far-Western Region, Nepal on the east; and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west as well as Haryana to its south-western corner. The state is divided into two divisions, Garhwal and Kumaon, with a total of 13 districts. The interim capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun, the largest city in the region, which is a railhead. The High Court of the state is in Nainital.

text: Uttarakhand

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Uttaranchal

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Devbhumi

text: literally

text: Land

text: of

text: the

text: Gods

text: due

text: to

text: many

text: Hindu

text: temples

text: and

text: pilgrimage

text: centres

text: found

text: throughout

text: the

text: state

text: Uttarakhand

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: natural

text: beauty

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: the

text: Bhabhar

text: and

text: the

text: Terai

text: On

text: November

text: this

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: was

text: created

text: from

text: the

text: Himalayan

text: and

text: adjoining

text: northwestern

text: districts

text: of

text: Uttar

text: Pradesh

text: It

text: borders

text: the

text: Tibet

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Mahakali

text: Zone

text: of

text: the

text: Far

text: Western

text: Region

text: Nepal

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: Uttar

text: Pradesh

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Himachal

text: Pradesh

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Haryana

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: western

text: corner

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: divisions

text: Garhwal

text: and

text: Kumaon

text: with

text: total

text: of

text: districts

text: The

text: interim

text: capital

text: of

text: Uttarakhand

text: is

text: Dehradun

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: which

text: is

text: railhead

text: The

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: in

text: Nainital

text: Palkuriki Somanatha was one of the most noted Telugu language writers of the 12th or 13th century . He was also an accomplished writer in the Kannada and Sanskrit languages and penned several classics in those languages . He was a Shaiva ( devotee of the Hindu god Shiva ) by faith and a follower of the 12th century social reformer Basava and his writings were primarily intended to propagate this faith . He was a well acclaimed Shaiva poet .

text: Palkuriki

text: Somanatha

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: noted

text: Telugu

text: language

text: writers

text: of

text: the

text: or

text: century

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: an

text: accomplished

text: writer

text: in

text: the

text: Kannada

text: and

text: Sanskrit

text: languages

text: and

text: penned

text: several

text: classics

text: in

text: those

text: languages

text: He

text: was

text: Shaiva

text: devotee

text: of

text: the

text: Hindu

text: god

text: Shiva

text: by

text: faith

text: and

text: follower

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: social

text: reformer

text: Basava

text: and

text: his

text: writings

text: were

text: primarily

text: intended

text: to

text: propagate

text: this

text: faith

text: He

text: was

text: well

text: acclaimed

text: Shaiva

text: poet

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: Odisha(formerly Orissa) (() is one of the 29 states of India, located in the eastern coast. It is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the south and south-west. Odisha has of coastline along the Bay of Bengal on its east, from Balasore to Malkangiri. It is the 9th largest state by area, and the 3rd largest by tribal population .Odia (formerly known as "Oriya") is the official and most widely spoken language, spoken by 33.2 million according to the 2001 Census.

text: Odisha(formerly

text: Orissa

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: India

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: It

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: West

text: Bengal

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Jharkhand

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Chhattisgarh

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: and

text: Telangana

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: south

text: west

text: Odisha

text: has

text: of

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: its

text: east

text: from

text: Balasore

text: to

text: Malkangiri

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: state

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: by

text: tribal

text: population

text: .Odia

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Oriya

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: and

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: language

text: spoken

text: by

text: million

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Census

text: Basavanna was a 12th-century Hindu philosopher, statesman, Kannada poet in the Shiva-focussed Bhakti movement and a social reformer during the reign of the Kalachuri-dynasty king Bijjala I in Karnataka, India. The "Basavarajadevara ragale" (13 out of 25 sections are available) by the Kannada poet Harihara (c.1180) is the earliest available account on the life of the social reformer and is considered important because the author was a near contemporary of his protagonist. A full account of Basava's life and ideas are narrated in a 13th-century sacred Telugu text of the south Indian Hindu Lingayat community, the "Basava purana" by Palkuriki Somanatha.

text: Basavanna

text: was

text: century

text: Hindu

text: philosopher

text: statesman

text: Kannada

text: poet

text: in

text: the

text: Shiva

text: focussed

text: Bhakti

text: movement

text: and

text: social

text: reformer

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: the

text: Kalachuri

text: dynasty

text: king

text: Bijjala

text: in

text: Karnataka

text: India

text: The

text: Basavarajadevara

text: ragale

text: out

text: of

text: sections

text: are

text: available

text: by

text: the

text: Kannada

text: poet

text: Harihara

text: is

text: the

text: earliest

text: available

text: account

text: on

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: reformer

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: important

text: because

text: the

text: author

text: was

text: near

text: contemporary

text: of

text: his

text: protagonist

text: full

text: account

text: of

text: Basava

text: 's

text: life

text: and

text: ideas

text: are

text: narrated

text: in

text: century

text: sacred

text: Telugu

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: south

text: Indian

text: Hindu

text: Lingayat

text: community

text: the

text: Basava

text: purana

text: by

text: Palkuriki

text: Somanatha

text: Kannada ('), also known as Canarese or Kanarese , is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Kannada people in India, mainly in the state of Karnataka, and by linguistic minorities in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Kerala, and Goa. The language has roughly 40 million native speakers who are called Kannadigas, and a total of 50.8 million speakers according to a 2001 census. It is one of the scheduled languages of India and the official and administrative language of the state of Karnataka.

text: Kannada

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Canarese

text: or

text: Kanarese

text: is

text: Dravidian

text: language

text: spoken

text: predominantly

text: by

text: Kannada

text: people

text: in

text: India

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Karnataka

text: and

text: by

text: linguistic

text: minorities

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: Telangana

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: Maharashtra

text: Kerala

text: and

text: Goa

text: The

text: language

text: has

text: roughly

text: million

text: native

text: speakers

text: who

text: are

text: called

text: Kannadigas

text: and

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: speakers

text: according

text: to

text: census

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: scheduled

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: official

text: and

text: administrative

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Karnataka

text: In common law, a writ is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial jurisdiction; in modern usage, this body is generally a court. Warrants, prerogative writs and subpoenas are common types of writ but many forms exist and have existed.

text: In

text: common

text: law

text: writ

text: is

text: formal

text: written

text: order

text: issued

text: by

text: body

text: with

text: administrative

text: or

text: judicial

text: jurisdiction

text: in

text: modern

text: usage

text: this

text: body

text: is

text: generally

text: court

text: Warrants

text: prerogative

text: writs

text: and

text: subpoenas

text: are

text: common

text: types

text: of

text: writ

text: but

text: many

text: forms

text: exist

text: and

text: have

text: existed

text: Telugu is a Dravidian language native to India. It stands alongside Hindi, English, and Bengali as one of the few languages with official status in more than one Indian state; it is the primary language in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and in the town of Yanam, Puducherry. It is also spoken by significant minorities in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and by the Sri Lankan Gypsy people. It is one of six languages designated a classical language of India by the Government of India. Telugu ranks third by the number of native speakers in India (74 million, 2001 census), fifteenth in the Ethnologue list of most-spoken languages worldwide and is the most widely spoken Dravidian language. It is one of the twenty-two scheduled languages of the Republic of India.

text: Telugu

text: is

text: Dravidian

text: language

text: native

text: to

text: India

text: It

text: stands

text: alongside

text: Hindi

text: English

text: and

text: Bengali

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: languages

text: with

text: official

text: status

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: Indian

text: state

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: Telangana

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Yanam

text: Puducherry

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: spoken

text: by

text: significant

text: minorities

text: in

text: the

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: Chhattisgarh

text: Karnataka

text: Maharashtra

text: Odisha

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: Gypsy

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: six

text: languages

text: designated

text: classical

text: language

text: of

text: India

text: by

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: Telugu

text: ranks

text: third

text: by

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: native

text: speakers

text: in

text: India

text: million

text: census

text: fifteenth

text: in

text: the

text: Ethnologue

text: list

text: of

text: most

text: spoken

text: languages

text: worldwide

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: Dravidian

text: language

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: twenty

text: two

text: scheduled

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Hinduism is a religion, or a way of life, found most notably in India and Nepal. Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as "", "the eternal law," or the "eternal way," beyond human origins. Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder. This "Hindu synthesis" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).

text: Hinduism

text: is

text: religion

text: or

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: found

text: most

text: notably

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: Nepal

text: Hinduism

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: oldest

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: some

text: practitioners

text: and

text: scholars

text: refer

text: to

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: eternal

text: law

text: or

text: the

text: eternal

text: way

text: beyond

text: human

text: origins

text: Scholars

text: regard

text: Hinduism

text: as

text: fusion

text: or

text: synthesis

text: of

text: various

text: Indian

text: cultures

text: and

text: traditions

text: with

text: diverse

text: roots

text: and

text: no

text: founder

text: This

text: Hindu

text: synthesis

text: started

text: to

text: develop

text: between

text: BCE

text: and

text: CE

text: following

text: the

text: Vedic

text: period

text: BCE

text: to

text: BCE

text: Shiva ( Tamil Sanskrit: , lit. "the auspicious one") is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the supreme God within Shaivism, one of the three most influential denominations in contemporary Hinduism.

text: Shiva

text: Tamil

text: Sanskrit

text: lit

text: the

text: auspicious

text: one

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: principal

text: deities

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: supreme

text: God

text: within

text: Shaivism

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: most

text: influential

text: denominations

text: in

text: contemporary

text: Hinduism

text: South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

text: South

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southern

text: Asia

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: which

text: comprises

text: the

text: sub

text: Himalayan

text: SAARC

text: countries

text: and

text: for

text: some

text: authorities

text: adjoining

text: countries

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: east

text: Topographically

text: it

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Plate

text: which

text: rises

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: as

text: Nepal

text: and

text: northern

text: parts

text: of

text: India

text: situated

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: and

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: South

text: Asia

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: and

text: on

text: land

text: clockwise

text: from

text: west

text: by

text: West

text: Asia

text: Central

text: Asia

text: East

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Telangana is one of the 29 states in India, located in southern India. Telangana has an area of , and a population of 35,193,978 (2011 census). making it the twelfth largest state in India, and the twelfth most populated state in India. Its major cities include Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and Ramagundam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north west, Chhattisgarh to the north, Karnataka to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south.

text: Telangana

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: in

text: India

text: located

text: in

text: southern

text: India

text: Telangana

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: census

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: twelfth

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: twelfth

text: most

text: populated

text: state

text: in

text: India

text: Its

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hyderabad

text: Warangal

text: Nizamabad

text: Khammam

text: Karimnagar

text: and

text: Ramagundam

text: Telangana

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Maharashtra

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: Chhattisgarh

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Karnataka

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Shaivism or aivism ("aiva Patha",  "Shiva's Path"), also known as Shivaism and Saivam, is one of the major branches of Sanathan Dharma (Hinduism), revering Shiva as the Supreme Being. Shiva is sometimes depicted as the fierce god Bhairava. Followers of Shaivam are called "Shaivas", "Saivas", "Shaivites", or "Saivarkal". They believe that Shiva is All and in all, the creator, preserver, destroyer, revealer and concealer of all that is. Shaivism, like some of the other forms of Hinduism, spread to other parts of Southeast Asia, including Java, Bali, and parts of the Southeast Asian continent, including Cambodia.

text: Shaivism

text: or

text: aivism

text: aiva

text: Patha

text: Shiva

text: 's

text: Path

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Shivaism

text: and

text: Saivam

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: branches

text: of

text: Sanathan

text: Dharma

text: Hinduism

text: revering

text: Shiva

text: as

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Being

text: Shiva

text: is

text: sometimes

text: depicted

text: as

text: the

text: fierce

text: god

text: Bhairava

text: Followers

text: of

text: Shaivam

text: are

text: called

text: Shaivas

text: Saivas

text: Shaivites

text: or

text: Saivarkal

text: They

text: believe

text: that

text: Shiva

text: is

text: All

text: and

text: in

text: all

text: the

text: creator

text: preserver

text: destroyer

text: revealer

text: and

text: concealer

text: of

text: all

text: that

text: is

text: Shaivism

text: like

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: including

text: Java

text: Bali

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Southeast

text: Asian

text: continent

text: including

text: Cambodia

text: Vedic Sanskrit is an Indo-European language, more specifically one branch of the Indo-Iranian group. It is the ancient language of the Vedas of Hinduism, texts compiled over the period of the mid-2nd to mid-1st millennium BCE. It was orally preserved, predating the advent of Brahmi script by several centuries. Vedic Sanskrit is an archaic language, whose consensus translation has been challenging.

text: Vedic

text: Sanskrit

text: is

text: an

text: Indo

text: European

text: language

text: more

text: specifically

text: one

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: Iranian

text: group

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: ancient

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Vedas

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: texts

text: compiled

text: over

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: to

text: millennium

text: BCE

text: It

text: was

text: orally

text: preserved

text: predating

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: Brahmi

text: script

text: by

text: several

text: centuries

text: Vedic

text: Sanskrit

text: is

text: an

text: archaic

text: language

text: whose

text: consensus

text: translation

text: has

text: been

text: challenging

text: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, one of the seven union territories of India, are a group of islands at the juncture of the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea.

text: The

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: union

text: territories

text: of

text: India

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: islands

text: at

text: the

text: juncture

text: of

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: and

text: Andaman

text: Sea

text: Jainism (or ), traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion belonging to the "ramaa" tradition. The central tenet is non-violence and respect towards all living beings. The three main principles of Jainism are "ahimsa" (non-violence), "anekantavada" (non-absolutism) and "aparigraha" (non-possessiveness). Followers of Jainism take five main vows: "ahimsa" (non-violence), "satya" (not lying), "asteya" (not stealing), "brahmacharya" (chastity) and "aparigraha" (non-attachment). Jain monks and nuns observe these vows absolutely whereas householders ("rvakas") observe them within their practical limitations. Self-discipline and asceticism are thus major focuses of Jainism. Notably, Mahatma Gandhi was greatly influenced by Jainism and adopted many Jain principles in his life.

text: Jainism

text: or

text: traditionally

text: known

text: as

text: Jain

text: Dharma

text: is

text: an

text: ancient

text: Indian

text: religion

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: ramaa

text: tradition

text: The

text: central

text: tenet

text: is

text: non

text: violence

text: and

text: respect

text: towards

text: all

text: living

text: beings

text: The

text: three

text: main

text: principles

text: of

text: Jainism

text: are

text: ahimsa

text: non

text: violence

text: anekantavada

text: non

text: absolutism

text: and

text: aparigraha

text: non

text: possessiveness

text: Followers

text: of

text: Jainism

text: take

text: five

text: main

text: vows

text: ahimsa

text: non

text: violence

text: satya

text: not

text: lying

text: asteya

text: not

text: stealing

text: brahmacharya

text: chastity

text: and

text: aparigraha

text: non

text: attachment

text: Jain

text: monks

text: and

text: nuns

text: observe

text: these

text: vows

text: absolutely

text: whereas

text: householders

text: rvakas

text: observe

text: them

text: within

text: their

text: practical

text: limitations

text: Self

text: discipline

text: and

text: asceticism

text: are

text: thus

text: major

text: focuses

text: of

text: Jainism

text: Notably

text: Mahatma

text: Gandhi

text: was

text: greatly

text: influenced

text: by

text: Jainism

text: and

text: adopted

text: many

text: Jain

text: principles

text: in

text: his

text: life

text: Maharashtra (Marathi:  pronunciation: , abbr. MH) is a state in the western region of India and is India's third-largest state by area and is also the world's second-most populous sub-national entity. It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population of approximately 18 million. Nagpur is Maharashtra's second capital as well as its winter capital. Maharashtra's business opportunities along with its potential to offer a higher standard of living attract migrants from all over India.

text: Maharashtra

text: Marathi

text: pronunciation

text: abbr

text: MH

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: region

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: India

text: 's

text: third

text: largest

text: state

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: sub

text: national

text: entity

text: It

text: has

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: Mumbai

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: Nagpur

text: is

text: Maharashtra

text: 's

text: second

text: capital

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: winter

text: capital

text: Maharashtra

text: 's

text: business

text: opportunities

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: potential

text: to

text: offer

text: higher

text: standard

text: of

text: living

text: attract

text: migrants

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: India

text: A lingua franca, also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language or vehicular language, is a language or dialect systematically (as opposed to occasionally, or casually) used to make communication possible between people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both native languages.

text: lingua

text: franca

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: bridge

text: language

text: common

text: language

text: trade

text: language

text: or

text: vehicular

text: language

text: is

text: language

text: or

text: dialect

text: systematically

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: occasionally

text: or

text: casually

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: communication

text: possible

text: between

text: people

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: native

text: language

text: or

text: dialect

text: particularly

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: third

text: language

text: that

text: is

text: distinct

text: from

text: both

text: native

text: languages

text: Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari:  , "Mnak Hind") or simply Hindi (Devanagari: , "Hind"), is an Indian language and a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language. Hindi is one of the official languages of India, and is the "lingua franca" of the Hindi belt languages. Outside India, Hindi is an official language in Fiji, and is a recognised regional language in Mauritius, Suriname, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago.

text: Modern

text: Standard

text: Hindi

text: Devanagari

text: Mnak

text: Hind

text: or

text: simply

text: Hindi

text: Devanagari

text: Hind

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: language

text: and

text: standardised

text: and

text: Sanskritised

text: register

text: of

text: the

text: Hindustani

text: language

text: Hindi

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: lingua

text: franca

text: of

text: the

text: Hindi

text: belt

text: languages

text: Outside

text: India

text: Hindi

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: in

text: Fiji

text: and

text: is

text: recognised

text: regional

text: language

text: in

text: Mauritius

text: Suriname

text: Guyana

text: and

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Tobago

text: Desi is a loose term for the people, cultures, and products of the Indian subcontinent or South Asia and their diaspora, derived from the Ancient Sanskrit " (deá or deshi)", meaning "Land" or "Country". As "Desi" is a loose term, countries that are considered "Desi" are subjective, however it is often accepted that Bangladesh, India and Pakistan are Desi countries. Bhutan, the Maldives, Nepal, and Sri Lanka may also be considered "Desi" countries in some usages of the term.

text: Desi

text: is

text: loose

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: people

text: cultures

text: and

text: products

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: or

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: their

text: diaspora

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Sanskrit

text: deá

text: or

text: deshi

text: meaning

text: Land

text: or

text: Country

text: As

text: Desi

text: is

text: loose

text: term

text: countries

text: that

text: are

text: considered

text: Desi

text: are

text: subjective

text: however

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: accepted

text: that

text: Bangladesh

text: India

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: are

text: Desi

text: countries

text: Bhutan

text: the

text: Maldives

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: considered

text: Desi

text: countries

text: in

text: some

text: usages

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Sikhism, or Sikhi ("", , from "Sikh", meaning a "disciple", or a "learner"), is a panentheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent during the 15th century. It is one of the youngest of the major world religions. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, unity of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all, and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. Sikhism has 25-28 million adherents worldwide and is the ninth-largest religion in the world.

text: Sikhism

text: or

text: Sikhi

text: from

text: Sikh

text: meaning

text: disciple

text: or

text: learner

text: is

text: panentheistic

text: religion

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Punjab

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: youngest

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: world

text: religions

text: The

text: fundamental

text: beliefs

text: of

text: Sikhism

text: articulated

text: in

text: the

text: sacred

text: scripture

text: Guru

text: Granth

text: Sahib

text: include

text: faith

text: and

text: meditation

text: on

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: one

text: creator

text: unity

text: of

text: all

text: humankind

text: engaging

text: in

text: selfless

text: service

text: striving

text: for

text: social

text: justice

text: for

text: the

text: benefit

text: and

text: prosperity

text: of

text: all

text: and

text: honest

text: conduct

text: and

text: livelihood

text: while

text: living

text: householder

text: 's

text: life

text: Sikhism

text: has

text: million

text: adherents

text: worldwide

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Andhra Pradesh() is one of the 29 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of the country. The state is the eighth largest state in India covering an area of . As per 2011 Census of India, the state is tenth largest by population with 49,386,799 inhabitants.

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: India

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: India

text: covering

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: As

text: per

text: Census

text: of

text: India

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: tenth

text: largest

text: by

text: population

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: Puducherry (literally "New Town" in Tamil), formerly known as Pondicherry is a union territory of India. It was formed out of four exclaves of former French India, namely Pondichéry (Pondicherry), Karikal (Karaikal), Mahé and Yanaon (Yanam). It is named after the largest district Pondicherry. Historically known as "Pondicherry" ("Piccri"), the territory changed its official name to "Puducherry" ("Putuccri") on 20 September 2006.

text: Puducherry

text: literally

text: New

text: Town

text: in

text: Tamil

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Pondicherry

text: is

text: union

text: territory

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: out

text: of

text: four

text: exclaves

text: of

text: former

text: French

text: India

text: namely

text: Pondichéry

text: Pondicherry

text: Karikal

text: Karaikal

text: Mahé

text: and

text: Yanaon

text: Yanam

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: largest

text: district

text: Pondicherry

text: Historically

text: known

text: as

text: Pondicherry

text: Piccri

text: the

text: territory

text: changed

text: its

text: official

text: name

text: to

text: Puducherry

text: Putuccri

text: on

text: September

text: Buddhism (or ) is a religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. Buddhism originated in India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, from where it spread through much of Asia, whereafter it declined in India during the middle ages. Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (Pali: "The School of the Elders") and Mahayana (Sanskrit: "The Great Vehicle"). Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 500 million followers or 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

text: Buddhism

text: or

text: is

text: religion

text: and

text: dharma

text: that

text: encompasses

text: variety

text: of

text: traditions

text: beliefs

text: and

text: spiritual

text: practices

text: largely

text: based

text: on

text: teachings

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: Buddha

text: Buddhism

text: originated

text: in

text: India

text: sometime

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BCE

text: from

text: where

text: it

text: spread

text: through

text: much

text: of

text: Asia

text: whereafter

text: it

text: declined

text: in

text: India

text: during

text: the

text: middle

text: ages

text: Two

text: major

text: extant

text: branches

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: are

text: generally

text: recognized

text: by

text: scholars

text: Theravada

text: Pali

text: The

text: School

text: of

text: the

text: Elders

text: and

text: Mahayana

text: Sanskrit

text: The

text: Great

text: Vehicle

text: Buddhism

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: largest

text: religion

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: followers

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: Buddhists

text: Indo-European studies is a field of linguistics and an interdisciplinary field of study dealing with Indo-European languages, both current and extinct. Its goal is to amass information about the hypothetical proto-language from which all of these languages are descended, a language dubbed Proto-Indo-European (PIE), and its speakers, the Proto-Indo-Europeans, including their society and religion. The studies cover where the language originated and how it spread. This article also lists Indo-European scholars, centres, journals and book series.

text: Indo

text: European

text: studies

text: is

text: field

text: of

text: linguistics

text: and

text: an

text: interdisciplinary

text: field

text: of

text: study

text: dealing

text: with

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: both

text: current

text: and

text: extinct

text: Its

text: goal

text: is

text: to

text: amass

text: information

text: about

text: the

text: hypothetical

text: proto

text: language

text: from

text: which

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: languages

text: are

text: descended

text: language

text: dubbed

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: European

text: PIE

text: and

text: its

text: speakers

text: the

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: Europeans

text: including

text: their

text: society

text: and

text: religion

text: The

text: studies

text: cover

text: where

text: the

text: language

text: originated

text: and

text: how

text: it

text: spread

text: This

text: article

text: also

text: lists

text: Indo

text: European

text: scholars

text: centres

text: journals

text: and

text: book

text: series

text: Karnataka (IPA:) is a state in south western region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as the State of Mysore, it was renamed "Karnataka" in 1973. The capital and largest city is Bangalore (Bengaluru). Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea and the Laccadive Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to the southwest. The state covers an area of , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India. It is the seventh largest Indian state by area. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts. Kannada, one of the classical languages of India, is the most widely spoken and official language of the state.

text: Karnataka

text: IPA

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: south

text: western

text: region

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: on

text: November

text: with

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: the

text: States

text: Reorganisation

text: Act

text: Originally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Mysore

text: it

text: was

text: renamed

text: Karnataka

text: in

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Bangalore

text: Bengaluru

text: Karnataka

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Laccadive

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Goa

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Maharashtra

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Telangana

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: Kerala

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: state

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: or

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: geographical

text: area

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: Indian

text: state

text: by

text: area

text: With

text: inhabitants

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: Karnataka

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: state

text: by

text: population

text: comprising

text: districts

text: Kannada

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: and

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: The Bhakti movement refers to the theistic devotional trend that emerged in medieval Hinduism and later revolutionised in Sikhism. It originated in the seventh-century Tamil south India (now parts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala), and spread northwards. It swept over east and north India from the 15th century onwards, reaching its zenith between the 15th and 17th century CE.

text: The

text: Bhakti

text: movement

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: theistic

text: devotional

text: trend

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: medieval

text: Hinduism

text: and

text: later

text: revolutionised

text: in

text: Sikhism

text: It

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: seventh

text: century

text: Tamil

text: south

text: India

text: now

text: parts

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: and

text: Kerala

text: and

text: spread

text: northwards

text: It

text: swept

text: over

text: east

text: and

text: north

text: India

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: onwards

text: reaching

text: its

text: zenith

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: century

text: CE

text: Chhattisgarh (literally 'Thirty-Six Forts') is a state in central India. It is the 10th largest state in India, with an area of . With a population of 28 million, Chhattisgarh is the 17th most-populated state of the nation. It is a source of electricity and steel for India, accounting for 15% of the total steel produced in the country. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India.

text: Chhattisgarh

text: literally

text: Thirty

text: Six

text: Forts

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: central

text: India

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: India

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Chhattisgarh

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populated

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: It

text: is

text: source

text: of

text: electricity

text: and

text: steel

text: for

text: India

text: accounting

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: steel

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Chhattisgarh

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fastest

text: developing

text: states

text: in

text: India

text: Sanskrit (English pronunciation:; written in Devanagari script ; : or ', originally ', "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism and "Mahyna" Buddhism, a philosophical language in Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism. It was also a literary language that was in use as a "lingua franca" in ancient and medieval South Asia. It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies.

text: Sanskrit

text: English

text: pronunciation

text: written

text: in

text: Devanagari

text: script

text: or

text: originally

text: refined

text: speech

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: sacred

text: language

text: of

text: Hinduism

text: and

text: Mahyna

text: Buddhism

text: philosophical

text: language

text: in

text: Hinduism

text: Jainism

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: Sikhism

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: literary

text: language

text: that

text: was

text: in

text: use

text: as

text: lingua

text: franca

text: in

text: ancient

text: and

text: medieval

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: standardised

text: dialect

text: of

text: Old

text: Indo

text: Aryan

text: originating

text: as

text: Vedic

text: Sanskrit

text: and

text: tracing

text: its

text: linguistic

text: ancestry

text: back

text: to

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: Iranian

text: and

text: Proto

text: Indo

text: European

text: Today

text: it

text: is

text: listed

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: scheduled

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Uttarakhand

text: As

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: for

text: which

text: substantial

text: written

text: documentation

text: exists

text: Sanskrit

text: holds

text: prominent

text: position

text: in

text: Indo

text: European

text: studies

annotations: likely multiple

question: place_of_birth palkuriki somanatha

answer: andhra pradesh

text: andhra pradesh

text: andhra pradesh

text: andhra pradesh

text: andhra pradesh

text: andhra pradesh

text: andhra pradesh

text: andhra pradesh

text: andhra pradesh

text: andhra pradesh


text: Jean - Etienne Antoine N'Gossan ( born 30 November 1990 in Abidjan ) is an Ivorian footballer who is currently playing for Société Omnisports de l'Armée .

text: Jean

text: Etienne

text: Antoine

text: N'Gossan

text: born

text: November

text: in

text: Abidjan

text: is

text: an

text: Ivorian

text: footballer

text: who

text: is

text: currently

text: playing

text: for

text: Société

text: Omnisports

text: de

text: l'Armée

text: Yamoussoukro is the political capital and administrative capital city of Ivory Coast and an autonomous district of the country. As of the 2014 preliminary census, the district had a population of 355,573 inhabitants. Located north-west of Abidjan, the administrative centre on the coast, upon rolling hills and plains, the municipality covers .

text: Yamoussoukro

text: is

text: the

text: political

text: capital

text: and

text: administrative

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: and

text: an

text: autonomous

text: district

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: preliminary

text: census

text: the

text: district

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: Located

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: Abidjan

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: upon

text: rolling

text: hills

text: and

text: plains

text: the

text: municipality

text: covers

text: The Federal Republic of Nigeria , commonly referred to as Nigeria, is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja is located. Its largest cities include: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Benin City and Port Harcourt. Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country.

text: The

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: bordering

text: Benin

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Chad

text: and

text: Cameroon

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Niger

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Its

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Guinea

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: comprises

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: where

text: the

text: capital

text: Abuja

text: is

text: located

text: Its

text: largest

text: cities

text: include

text: Lagos

text: Kano

text: Ibadan

text: Benin

text: City

text: and

text: Port

text: Harcourt

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: officially

text: democratic

text: secular

text: country

text: West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost subregion of Africa. West Africa has been defined as including 18 countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, the island nation of Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, the island of Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, São Tomé and Príncipe and Togo.

text: West

text: Africa

text: also

text: called

text: Western

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: of

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: subregion

text: of

text: Africa

text: West

text: Africa

text: has

text: been

text: defined

text: as

text: including

text: countries

text: Benin

text: Burkina

text: Faso

text: the

text: island

text: nation

text: of

text: Cape

text: Verde

text: Gambia

text: Ghana

text: Guinea

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: Liberia

text: Mali

text: Mauritania

text: Niger

text: Nigeria

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Senegal

text: Sierra

text: Leone

text: São

text: Tomé

text: and

text: Príncipe

text: and

text: Togo

text: Société Omnisports de l'Armée (S.O.A.) is an Ivorian football club based in Yamoussoukro. The club is a member of the Fédération Ivoirienne de Football Premiere Division. They play at Stade de Yamoussoukro.

text: Société

text: Omnisports

text: de

text: l'Armée

text: S.O.A.

text: is

text: an

text: Ivorian

text: football

text: club

text: based

text: in

text: Yamoussoukro

text: The

text: club

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Fédération

text: Ivoirienne

text: de

text: Football

text: Premiere

text: Division

text: They

text: play

text: at

text: Stade

text: de

text: Yamoussoukro

text: Niger (or ), officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km, making it the largest country in West Africa, with over 80 percent of its land area covered by the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 19 million is mostly clustered in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in the far-southwest corner of Niger.

text: Niger

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Niger

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Africa

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Niger

text: River

text: Niger

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Chad

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Nigeria

text: and

text: Benin

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Burkina

text: Faso

text: and

text: Mali

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Algeria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Niger

text: covers

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: almost

text: km

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: with

text: over

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: area

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: Sahara

text: Desert

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: predominantly

text: Islamic

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: is

text: mostly

text: clustered

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Niamey

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Niger

text: Abidjan is the economic capital of Ivory Coast and the most populous French-speaking city in West Africa. According to the 2014 Ivory Coast census, Abidjan's population was 4.7 million, which is 20 percent of the overall population of the country. Within West Africa, only Lagos, the former capital of Nigeria, surpasses Abidjan in population. Considered the cultural crossroads of West Africa, Abidjan is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation.

text: Abidjan

text: is

text: the

text: economic

text: capital

text: of

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: French

text: speaking

text: city

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: census

text: Abidjan

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: million

text: which

text: is

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: overall

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Within

text: West

text: Africa

text: only

text: Lagos

text: the

text: former

text: capital

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: surpasses

text: Abidjan

text: in

text: population

text: Considered

text: the

text: cultural

text: crossroads

text: of

text: West

text: Africa

text: Abidjan

text: is

text: characterised

text: by

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: industrialisation

text: and

text: urbanisation

text: Ivory Coast or Côte d'Ivoire , officially named the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country located in West Africa. Ivory Coast's political capital is Yamoussoukro, and its economic capital and largest city is the port city of Abidjan. Its bordering countries are Guinea and Liberia in the west, Burkina Faso and Mali in the north, and Ghana in the east. The Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) is located south of Ivory Coast.

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: or

text: Côte

text: d'Ivoire

text: officially

text: named

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Côte

text: d'Ivoire

text: is

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: 's

text: political

text: capital

text: is

text: Yamoussoukro

text: and

text: its

text: economic

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: port

text: city

text: of

text: Abidjan

text: Its

text: bordering

text: countries

text: are

text: Guinea

text: and

text: Liberia

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Burkina

text: Faso

text: and

text: Mali

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Ghana

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Guinea

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: Ivory

text: Coast

question: country_of_citizenship antoine n'gossan

answer: ivory coast

text: ivory coast

text: ivory coast

text: ivory coast

text: ivory coast

text: ivory coast

text: ivory coast

text: ivory coast


text: In molecular biology , an arabinosyltransferase is a transferase enzyme acting upon arabinose . This enzyme is involved in polymerisation of arabinogalactan ( an essential component of the mycobacterial cell wall ) . Mycobacterially , the more precise term is arabinofuranosyltransferase , since the arabinose residues occur only in a furanose form . This enzyme has important clinical applications as it is believed to be the target of the antimycobacterial drug Ethambutol .

text: In

text: molecular

text: biology

text: an

text: arabinosyltransferase

text: is

text: transferase

text: enzyme

text: acting

text: upon

text: arabinose

text: This

text: enzyme

text: is

text: involved

text: in

text: polymerisation

text: of

text: arabinogalactan

text: an

text: essential

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: mycobacterial

text: cell

text: wall

text: Mycobacterially

text: the

text: more

text: precise

text: term

text: is

text: arabinofuranosyltransferase

text: since

text: the

text: arabinose

text: residues

text: occur

text: only

text: in

text: furanose

text: form

text: This

text: enzyme

text: has

text: important

text: clinical

text: applications

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: target

text: of

text: the

text: antimycobacterial

text: drug

text: Ethambutol

text: Carbon (from "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalentmaking four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. Three isotopes occur naturally, C and C being stable, while C is a radioactive isotope, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.

text: Carbon

text: from

text: coal

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: symbol

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: It

text: is

text: nonmetallic

text: and

text: tetravalentmaking

text: four

text: electrons

text: available

text: to

text: form

text: covalent

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: Three

text: isotopes

text: occur

text: naturally

text: and

text: being

text: stable

text: while

text: is

text: radioactive

text: isotope

text: decaying

text: with

text: half

text: life

text: of

text: about

text: years

text: Carbon

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: elements

text: known

text: since

text: antiquity

text: Monosaccharides (from Greek "monos": single, "sacchar": sugar), also called simple sugars, are the most basic units of carbohydrates. They are fundamental units of carbohydrates and cannot be further hydrolyzed to simpler compounds. The general formula is . They are the simplest form of sugar and are usually colorless, water-soluble, and crystalline solids. Some monosaccharides have a sweet taste. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose) and galactose. Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch). Further, each carbon atom that supports a hydroxyl group (so, all of the carbons except for the primary and terminal carbon) is chiral, giving rise to a number of isomeric forms, all with the same chemical formula. For instance, galactose and glucose are both aldohexoses, but have different physical structures and chemical properties.

text: Monosaccharides

text: from

text: Greek

text: monos

text: single

text: sacchar

text: sugar

text: also

text: called

text: simple

text: sugars

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: basic

text: units

text: of

text: carbohydrates

text: They

text: are

text: fundamental

text: units

text: of

text: carbohydrates

text: and

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: further

text: hydrolyzed

text: to

text: simpler

text: compounds

text: The

text: general

text: formula

text: is

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: simplest

text: form

text: of

text: sugar

text: and

text: are

text: usually

text: colorless

text: water

text: soluble

text: and

text: crystalline

text: solids

text: Some

text: monosaccharides

text: have

text: sweet

text: taste

text: Examples

text: of

text: monosaccharides

text: include

text: glucose

text: dextrose

text: fructose

text: levulose

text: and

text: galactose

text: Monosaccharides

text: are

text: the

text: building

text: blocks

text: of

text: disaccharides

text: such

text: as

text: sucrose

text: and

text: lactose

text: and

text: polysaccharides

text: such

text: as

text: cellulose

text: and

text: starch

text: Further

text: each

text: carbon

text: atom

text: that

text: supports

text: hydroxyl

text: group

text: so

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: carbons

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: primary

text: and

text: terminal

text: carbon

text: is

text: chiral

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: number

text: of

text: isomeric

text: forms

text: all

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: chemical

text: formula

text: For

text: instance

text: galactose

text: and

text: glucose

text: are

text: both

text: aldohexoses

text: but

text: have

text: different

text: physical

text: structures

text: and

text: chemical

text: properties

text: Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process upon which enzymes may act are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called "enzymology".

text: Enzymes

text: are

text: macromolecular

text: biological

text: catalysts

text: Enzymes

text: accelerate

text: or

text: catalyze

text: chemical

text: reactions

text: The

text: molecules

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: process

text: upon

text: which

text: enzymes

text: may

text: act

text: are

text: called

text: substrates

text: and

text: the

text: enzyme

text: converts

text: these

text: into

text: different

text: molecules

text: called

text: products

text: Almost

text: all

text: metabolic

text: processes

text: in

text: the

text: cell

text: need

text: enzymes

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: occur

text: at

text: rates

text: fast

text: enough

text: to

text: sustain

text: life

text: The

text: set

text: of

text: enzymes

text: made

text: in

text: cell

text: determines

text: which

text: metabolic

text: pathways

text: occur

text: in

text: that

text: cell

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: enzymes

text: is

text: called

text: enzymology

text: Gum arabic, also known as acacia gum, is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree. Originally, gum arabic was collected from "Acacia nilotica" which was called the "Gum arabic tree"; in the present day, gum arabic is predominantly collected from two related species, namely "Acacia senegal" and "Vachellia (Acacia) seyal". Producers harvest the gum commercially from wild trees, mostly in Sudan (80%) and throughout the Sahel, from Senegal to Somaliathough it is historically cultivated in Arabia and West Asia.

text: Gum

text: arabic

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: acacia

text: gum

text: is

text: natural

text: gum

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: hardened

text: sap

text: of

text: various

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: acacia

text: tree

text: Originally

text: gum

text: arabic

text: was

text: collected

text: from

text: Acacia

text: nilotica

text: which

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: Gum

text: arabic

text: tree

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: gum

text: arabic

text: is

text: predominantly

text: collected

text: from

text: two

text: related

text: species

text: namely

text: Acacia

text: senegal

text: and

text: Vachellia

text: Acacia

text: seyal

text: Producers

text: harvest

text: the

text: gum

text: commercially

text: from

text: wild

text: trees

text: mostly

text: in

text: Sudan

text: and

text: throughout

text: the

text: Sahel

text: from

text: Senegal

text: to

text: Somaliathough

text: it

text: is

text: historically

text: cultivated

text: in

text: Arabia

text: and

text: West

text: Asia

text: A transferase is any one of a class of enzymes that enact the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). They are involved in hundreds of different biochemical pathways throughout biology, and are integral to some of lifes most important processes.

text: transferase

text: is

text: any

text: one

text: of

text: class

text: of

text: enzymes

text: that

text: enact

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: specific

text: functional

text: groups

text: e.g.

text: methyl

text: or

text: glycosyl

text: group

text: from

text: one

text: molecule

text: called

text: the

text: donor

text: to

text: another

text: called

text: the

text: acceptor

text: They

text: are

text: involved

text: in

text: hundreds

text: of

text: different

text: biochemical

text: pathways

text: throughout

text: biology

text: and

text: are

text: integral

text: to

text: some

text: of

text: lifes

text: most

text: important

text: processes

text: In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups (moieties) of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of. However, its relative reactivity can be modified by other functional groups nearby. The atoms of functional groups are linked to each other and to the rest of the molecule by covalent bonds. Any subgroup of atoms of a compound also may be called a radical, and if a covalent bond is broken homolytically, the resulting fragment radicals are referred as free radicals. Functional groups can also be charged, e.g. in carboxylate salts (-COO), which turns the molecule into a polyatomic ion or a complex ion.

text: In

text: organic

text: chemistry

text: functional

text: groups

text: are

text: specific

text: groups

text: moieties

text: of

text: atoms

text: or

text: bonds

text: within

text: molecules

text: that

text: are

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: characteristic

text: chemical

text: reactions

text: of

text: those

text: molecules

text: The

text: same

text: functional

text: group

text: will

text: undergo

text: the

text: same

text: or

text: similar

text: chemical

text: reaction(s

text: regardless

text: of

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: molecule

text: it

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: However

text: its

text: relative

text: reactivity

text: can

text: be

text: modified

text: by

text: other

text: functional

text: groups

text: nearby

text: The

text: atoms

text: of

text: functional

text: groups

text: are

text: linked

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: molecule

text: by

text: covalent

text: bonds

text: Any

text: subgroup

text: of

text: atoms

text: of

text: compound

text: also

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: radical

text: and

text: if

text: covalent

text: bond

text: is

text: broken

text: homolytically

text: the

text: resulting

text: fragment

text: radicals

text: are

text: referred

text: as

text: free

text: radicals

text: Functional

text: groups

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: charged

text: e.g.

text: in

text: carboxylate

text: salts

text: -COO

text: which

text: turns

text: the

text: molecule

text: into

text: polyatomic

text: ion

text: or

text: complex

text: ion

text: Arabinose is an aldopentose  a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde (CHO) functional group.

text: Arabinose

text: is

text: an

text: aldopentose

text: monosaccharide

text: containing

text: five

text: carbon

text: atoms

text: and

text: including

text: an

text: aldehyde

text: CHO

text: functional

text: group

text:
An aldehyde or alkanal is an organic compound containing a functional group with the structure CHO, consisting of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain. The groupwithout Ris the aldehyde group, also known as the formyl group. Aldehydes are common in organic chemistry. Many fragrances are aldehydes.
Structure and bonding.
Aldehydes feature an sp-hybridized, planar carbon center that is connected by a double bond to oxygen and a single bond to hydrogen. The CH bond is not ordinarily acidic. Because of resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, an -hydrogen in an aldehyde (not shown in the picture above) is far more acidic, with a p"K" near 15, compared to the acidity of a typical alkane (pKa about 50). This acidification is attributed to (i) the electron-withdrawing quality of the formyl center and (ii) the fact that the conjugate base, an enolate anion, delocalizes its negative charge. Related to (i), the aldehyde group is somewhat polar.

text: An

text: aldehyde

text: or

text: alkanal

text: is

text: an

text: organic

text: compound

text: containing

text: functional

text: group

text: with

text: the

text: structure

text: CHO

text: consisting

text: of

text: carbonyl

text: center

text: carbon

text: double

text: bonded

text: to

text: oxygen

text: with

text: the

text: carbon

text: atom

text: also

text: bonded

text: to

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: to

text: an

text: group

text: which

text: is

text: any

text: generic

text: alkyl

text: or

text: side

text: chain

text: The

text: groupwithout

text: Ris

text: the

text: aldehyde

text: group

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: formyl

text: group

text: Aldehydes

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: organic

text: chemistry

text: Many

text: fragrances

text: are

text: aldehydes

text: Structure

text: and

text: bonding

text: Aldehydes

text: feature

text: an

text: sp

text: hybridized

text: planar

text: carbon

text: center

text: that

text: is

text: connected

text: by

text: double

text: bond

text: to

text: oxygen

text: and

text: single

text: bond

text: to

text: hydrogen

text: The

text: CH

text: bond

text: is

text: not

text: ordinarily

text: acidic

text: Because

text: of

text: resonance

text: stabilization

text: of

text: the

text: conjugate

text: base

text: an

text: -hydrogen

text: in

text: an

text: aldehyde

text: not

text: shown

text: in

text: the

text: picture

text: above

text: is

text: far

text: more

text: acidic

text: with

text: p"K

text: near

text: compared

text: to

text: the

text: acidity

text: of

text: typical

text: alkane

text: pKa

text: about

text: This

text: acidification

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: electron

text: withdrawing

text: quality

text: of

text: the

text: formyl

text: center

text: and

text: ii

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: conjugate

text: base

text: an

text: enolate

text: anion

text: delocalizes

text: its

text: negative

text: charge

text: Related

text: to

text: the

text: aldehyde

text: group

text: is

text: somewhat

text: polar

text:
A glycosyl group is a univalent free radical or substituent structure obtained by removing the hemiacetal hydroxyl group from the cyclic form of a monosaccharide and, by extension, of a lower oligosaccharide.
Glycosyl also reacts with inorganic acids, such as phosphoric acid, forming an ester such as glucose 1-phosphate.

text: glycosyl

text: group

text: is

text: univalent

text: free

text: radical

text: or

text: substituent

text: structure

text: obtained

text: by

text: removing

text: the

text: hemiacetal

text: hydroxyl

text: group

text: from

text: the

text: cyclic

text: form

text: of

text: monosaccharide

text: and

text: by

text: extension

text: of

text: lower

text: oligosaccharide

text: Glycosyl

text: also

text: reacts

text: with

text: inorganic

text: acids

text: such

text: as

text: phosphoric

text: acid

text: forming

text: an

text: ester

text: such

text: as

text: glucose

text: In biochemistry, a metabolic pathway is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell. The reactants, products, and intermediates of an enzymatic reaction are known as metabolites, which are modified by a sequence of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. In a metabolic pathway, the product of one enzyme acts as the substrate for the next. These enzymes often require dietary minerals, vitamins, and other cofactors to function.

text: In

text: biochemistry

text: metabolic

text: pathway

text: is

text: linked

text: series

text: of

text: chemical

text: reactions

text: occurring

text: within

text: cell

text: The

text: reactants

text: products

text: and

text: intermediates

text: of

text: an

text: enzymatic

text: reaction

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: metabolites

text: which

text: are

text: modified

text: by

text: sequence

text: of

text: chemical

text: reactions

text: catalyzed

text: by

text: enzymes

text: In

text: metabolic

text: pathway

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: one

text: enzyme

text: acts

text: as

text: the

text: substrate

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: These

text: enzymes

text: often

text: require

text: dietary

text: minerals

text: vitamins

text: and

text: other

text: cofactors

text: to

text: function

text: An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms. Atoms are very small; typical sizes are around 100 picometers (a ten-billionth of a meter, in the short scale).

text: An

text: atom

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: constituent

text: unit

text: of

text: ordinary

text: matter

text: that

text: has

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: chemical

text: element

text: Every

text: solid

text: liquid

text: gas

text: and

text: plasma

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: neutral

text: or

text: ionized

text: atoms

text: Atoms

text: are

text: very

text: small

text: typical

text: sizes

text: are

text: around

text: picometers

text: ten

text: billionth

text: of

text: meter

text: in

text: the

text: short

text: scale

text: Galactose ("galacto-" + "-ose", "milk sugar"), sometimes abbreviated Gal, is a monosaccharide sugar that is less sweet than glucose and fructose. It is a C-4 epimer of glucose.

text: Galactose

text: galacto-

text: -ose

text: milk

text: sugar

text: sometimes

text: abbreviated

text: Gal

text: is

text: monosaccharide

text: sugar

text: that

text: is

text: less

text: sweet

text: than

text: glucose

text: and

text: fructose

text: It

text: is

text: epimer

text: of

text: glucose

text:
Biopolymers are polymers produced by living organisms; in other words, they are polymeric biomolecules. Since they are polymers, biopolymers contain monomeric units that are covalently bonded to form larger structures. There are three main classes of biopolymers, classified according to the monomeric units used and the structure of the biopolymer formed: polynucleotides (RNA and DNA), which are long polymers composed of 13 or more nucleotide monomers; polypeptides, which are short polymers of amino acids; and polysaccharides, which are often linear bonded polymeric carbohydrate structures.
Cellulose is the most common organic compound and biopolymer on Earth. About 33 percent of all plant matter is cellulose. The cellulose content of cotton is 90 percent, for wood is 50 percent.

text: Biopolymers

text: are

text: polymers

text: produced

text: by

text: living

text: organisms

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: they

text: are

text: polymeric

text: biomolecules

text: Since

text: they

text: are

text: polymers

text: biopolymers

text: contain

text: monomeric

text: units

text: that

text: are

text: covalently

text: bonded

text: to

text: form

text: larger

text: structures

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: main

text: classes

text: of

text: biopolymers

text: classified

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: monomeric

text: units

text: used

text: and

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: biopolymer

text: formed

text: polynucleotides

text: RNA

text: and

text: DNA

text: which

text: are

text: long

text: polymers

text: composed

text: of

text: or

text: more

text: nucleotide

text: monomers

text: polypeptides

text: which

text: are

text: short

text: polymers

text: of

text: amino

text: acids

text: and

text: polysaccharides

text: which

text: are

text: often

text: linear

text: bonded

text: polymeric

text: carbohydrate

text: structures

text: Cellulose

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: organic

text: compound

text: and

text: biopolymer

text: on

text: Earth

text: About

text: percent

text: of

text: all

text: plant

text: matter

text: is

text: cellulose

text: The

text: cellulose

text: content

text: of

text: cotton

text: is

text: percent

text: for

text: wood

text: is

text: percent

text: Arabinogalactan is a biopolymer consisting of arabinose and galactose monosaccharides. Two classes of arabinogalactans are found in nature: plant arabinogalactan and microbial arabinogalactan. In plants, it is a major component of many gums, including gum arabic and gum ghatti. It is often found attached to proteins, and the resulting arabinogalactan protein (AGP) functions as both an intercellular signaling molecule and a glue to seal plant wounds.

text: Arabinogalactan

text: is

text: biopolymer

text: consisting

text: of

text: arabinose

text: and

text: galactose

text: monosaccharides

text: Two

text: classes

text: of

text: arabinogalactans

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: nature

text: plant

text: arabinogalactan

text: and

text: microbial

text: arabinogalactan

text: In

text: plants

text: it

text: is

text: major

text: component

text: of

text: many

text: gums

text: including

text: gum

text: arabic

text: and

text: gum

text: ghatti

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: found

text: attached

text: to

text: proteins

text: and

text: the

text: resulting

text: arabinogalactan

text: protein

text: AGP

text: functions

text: as

text: both

text: an

text: intercellular

text: signaling

text: molecule

text: and

text: glue

text: to

text: seal

text: plant

text: wounds

text:
Arabinogalactan protein (AGPs).
Arabinogalactan protein is a broad term applied to diverse class of cell surface glycoproteins present in plant cell walls. It is heavily glycosylated, with only 2-10% comprising the protein region.The protein family has been earlier reported to contain O-linked glycans, whereas recent efforts employing mass spectrometry have revealed the presence of N-linked glycans as well within this protein family isolated from elongating cotton fiber cells.

text: Arabinogalactan

text: protein

text: AGPs

text: Arabinogalactan

text: protein

text: is

text: broad

text: term

text: applied

text: to

text: diverse

text: class

text: of

text: cell

text: surface

text: glycoproteins

text: present

text: in

text: plant

text: cell

text: walls

text: It

text: is

text: heavily

text: glycosylated

text: with

text: only

text: comprising

text: the

text: protein

text: region

text: The

text: protein

text: family

text: has

text: been

text: earlier

text: reported

text: to

text: contain

text: linked

text: glycans

text: whereas

text: recent

text: efforts

text: employing

text: mass

text: spectrometry

text: have

text: revealed

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: linked

text: glycans

text: as

text: well

text: within

text: this

text: protein

text: family

text: isolated

text: from

text: elongating

text: cotton

text: fiber

text: cells

text: A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. Molecules are distinguished from ions by their lack of electrical charge. However, in quantum physics, organic chemistry, and biochemistry, the term "molecule" is often used less strictly, also being applied to polyatomic ions.

text: molecule

text: is

text: an

text: electrically

text: neutral

text: group

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: atoms

text: held

text: together

text: by

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: Molecules

text: are

text: distinguished

text: from

text: ions

text: by

text: their

text: lack

text: of

text: electrical

text: charge

text: However

text: in

text: quantum

text: physics

text: organic

text: chemistry

text: and

text: biochemistry

text: the

text: term

text: molecule

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: less

text: strictly

text: also

text: being

text: applied

text: to

text: polyatomic

text: ions

annotations: follows multiple

question: subclass_of arabinosyltransferase

answer: protein

text: protein

text: protein

text: protein

text: protein

text: protein

text: protein