text: The Stockholm archipelago is the largest archipelago in Sweden, and the second-largest archipelago in the Baltic Sea (the largest being across the Baltic in Finland).

text: The

text: Stockholm

text: archipelago

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: archipelago

text: in

text: Sweden

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: archipelago

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: the

text: largest

text: being

text: across

text: the

text: Baltic

text: in

text: Finland

text: Visby is a locality and the seat of Gotland Municipality in Gotland County, on the island of Gotland, Sweden with 23,880 inhabitants, . Visby is also the episcopal see for the Diocese of Visby. The Hanseatic city of Visby is arguably the best-preserved medieval city in Scandinavia and since 1995, it is on the UNESCO World Heritage Site list. Among the most notable historical remains are the long town wall that encircles the town center, and a number of church ruins.

text: Visby

text: is

text: locality

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Gotland

text: Municipality

text: in

text: Gotland

text: County

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Gotland

text: Sweden

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: Visby

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: episcopal

text: see

text: for

text: the

text: Diocese

text: of

text: Visby

text: The

text: Hanseatic

text: city

text: of

text: Visby

text: is

text: arguably

text: the

text: best

text: preserved

text: medieval

text: city

text: in

text: Scandinavia

text: and

text: since

text: it

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: list

text: Among

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: historical

text: remains

text: are

text: the

text: long

text: town

text: wall

text: that

text: encircles

text: the

text: town

text: center

text: and

text: number

text: of

text: church

text: ruins

text: The Baltic Sea (  ; ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic countries, and the North European Plain. It includes the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bay of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga, and the Bay of Gdask. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic, with limited water exchange between the two bodies, the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund, the Great Belt, and the Little Belt.

text: The

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: is

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: enclosed

text: by

text: Scandinavia

text: Finland

text: the

text: Baltic

text: countries

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: European

text: Plain

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Riga

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Gdask

text: The

text: sea

text: stretches

text: from

text: to

text: latitude

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: longitude

text: mediterranean

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: with

text: limited

text: water

text: exchange

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: bodies

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: drains

text: through

text: the

text: Danish

text: islands

text: into

text: the

text: Kattegat

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: straits

text: of

text: Øresund

text: the

text: Great

text: Belt

text: and

text: the

text: Little

text: Belt

text: Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: "Norgga"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.

text: Norway

text: Norwegian

text: Bokmål

text: or

text: Nynorsk

text: Sami

text: Norgga

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Norway

text: is

text: sovereign

text: and

text: unitary

text: monarchy

text: whose

text: territory

text: comprises

text: the

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: Peninsula

text: plus

text: the

text: island

text: Jan

text: Mayen

text: and

text: the

text: archipelago

text: of

text: Svalbard

text: The

text: Antarctic

text: Peter

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: sub

text: Antarctic

text: Bouvet

text: Island

text: are

text: dependent

text: territories

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: Norway

text: also

text: lays

text: claim

text: to

text: section

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: known

text: as

text: Queen

text: Maud

text: Land

text: Until

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: included

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: since

text: Greenland

text: and

text: Iceland

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: Shetland

text: and

text: Orkney

text: until

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: following

text: provinces

text: now

text: in

text: Sweden

text: Jämtland

text: Härjedalen

text: and

text: Bohuslän

text: Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.

text: Finland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Finland

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: peninsula

text: with

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Sweden

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Estonia

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Finland

text: is

text: Nordic

text: country

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: Fennoscandia

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: Scandinavia

text: Finland

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: staying

text: roughly

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: level

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: two

text: decades

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Fårö is a Baltic Sea island just off north of the island of Gotland, itself off mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. It is the second-largest island in the province and it is a popular summer resort. It has its own dialect ("Faroymal", a dialect of Gutnish), claimed to be the oldest language in Sweden. Formerly a socken which includes the Gotska Sandön island, on 1January 2016, it was reconstituted into the administrative area Fårö District.

text: Fårö

text: is

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: island

text: just

text: off

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Gotland

text: itself

text: off

text: mainland

text: Sweden

text: 's

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: popular

text: summer

text: resort

text: It

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: dialect

text: Faroymal

text: dialect

text: of

text: Gutnish

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: oldest

text: language

text: in

text: Sweden

text: Formerly

text: socken

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: Gotska

text: Sandön

text: island

text: on

text: it

text: was

text: reconstituted

text: into

text: the

text: administrative

text: area

text: Fårö

text: District

text: The Nordic countries or Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as Norden (lit., "The North"). They consist of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, including their associated territories (Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Åland Islands).

text: The

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: or

text: Nordics

text: are

text: geographical

text: and

text: cultural

text: region

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: most

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Norden

text: lit

text: The

text: North

text: They

text: consist

text: of

text: Denmark

text: Finland

text: Iceland

text: Norway

text: and

text: Sweden

text: including

text: their

text: associated

text: territories

text: Greenland

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: Åland

text: Islands

text:
Biography.
Early life.
It is known that Birger grew up and spent his adolescence in Bjälbo, Östergötland but the exact date of his birth remains uncertain and available historical sources are contradictory. Examinations of his mortal remains indicate that he was probably about 50 upon his death in 1266 which would indicate a birth around 1216. However, his father Magnus Minnesköld is assumed to have died no later than 1210, which would lead to an assumed birth a few years earlier. Under any circumstance, he was the son of Ingrid Ylva, who according to Olaus Petri was a daughter of Sune Sik and granddaughter of King Sverker I of Sweden, which would make Birger a matrilineal member of the House of Sverker. His brothers or half-brothers  Eskil, Karl, and Bengt  were all born long before 1200, and it can therefore be assumed that they had another mother. He was also a nephew of the jarl Birger Brosa from the House of Bjelbo. The combination of this background proved to be of vital importance.

text: Biography

text: Early

text: life

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: that

text: Birger

text: grew

text: up

text: and

text: spent

text: his

text: adolescence

text: in

text: Bjälbo

text: Östergötland

text: but

text: the

text: exact

text: date

text: of

text: his

text: birth

text: remains

text: uncertain

text: and

text: available

text: historical

text: sources

text: are

text: contradictory

text: Examinations

text: of

text: his

text: mortal

text: remains

text: indicate

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: probably

text: about

text: upon

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: which

text: would

text: indicate

text: birth

text: around

text: However

text: his

text: father

text: Magnus

text: Minnesköld

text: is

text: assumed

text: to

text: have

text: died

text: no

text: later

text: than

text: which

text: would

text: lead

text: to

text: an

text: assumed

text: birth

text: few

text: years

text: earlier

text: Under

text: any

text: circumstance

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Ingrid

text: Ylva

text: who

text: according

text: to

text: Olaus

text: Petri

text: was

text: daughter

text: of

text: Sune

text: Sik

text: and

text: granddaughter

text: of

text: King

text: Sverker

text: of

text: Sweden

text: which

text: would

text: make

text: Birger

text: matrilineal

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Sverker

text: His

text: brothers

text: or

text: half

text: brothers

text: Eskil

text: Karl

text: and

text: Bengt

text: were

text: all

text: born

text: long

text: before

text: and

text: it

text: can

text: therefore

text: be

text: assumed

text: that

text: they

text: had

text: another

text: mother

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: nephew

text: of

text: the

text: jarl

text: Birger

text: Brosa

text: from

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Bjelbo

text: The

text: combination

text: of

text: this

text: background

text: proved

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: vital

text: importance

text: Late Antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the time of transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages in mainland Europe, the Mediterranean world, and the Middle East. The development of the periodization has generally been accredited to historian Peter Brown, after the publication of his seminal work "The World of Late Antiquity" (1971). Precise boundaries for the period are a continuing matter of debate, but Brown proposes a period between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Generally, it can be thought of as from the end of the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century (c. 235  284) to, in the East, the early Islamic period (7th9th centuries), following the Muslim conquests in the mid7th century. In the West the end was earlier, with the start of the Early Medieval period typically placed in the 6th century, or earlier on the Western edges of the empire.

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: is

text: periodization

text: used

text: by

text: historians

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: transition

text: from

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: in

text: mainland

text: Europe

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: periodization

text: has

text: generally

text: been

text: accredited

text: to

text: historian

text: Peter

text: Brown

text: after

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: his

text: seminal

text: work

text: The

text: World

text: of

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: Precise

text: boundaries

text: for

text: the

text: period

text: are

text: continuing

text: matter

text: of

text: debate

text: but

text: Brown

text: proposes

text: period

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: AD

text: Generally

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: thought

text: of

text: as

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: 's

text: Crisis

text: of

text: the

text: Third

text: Century

text: to

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: the

text: early

text: Islamic

text: period

text: centuries

text: following

text: the

text: Muslim

text: conquests

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: West

text: the

text: end

text: was

text: earlier

text: with

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Medieval

text: period

text: typically

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: or

text: earlier

text: on

text: the

text: Western

text: edges

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: Timber framing and "post-and-beam" construction are methods of building with heavy timbers rather than dimensional lumber such as 2x4s. Traditional timber framing is the method of creating structures using heavy squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs (larger versions of the mortise and tenon joints in furniture). It is commonplace in wooden buildings from the 19th century and earlier. The method comes from making things out of logs and tree trunks without modern high tech saws to cut lumber from the starting material stock. Using axes, adzes, and draw knives, hand-powered auger drill bits (brace and bit), and laborious woodworking, artisans or farmers could gradually assemble a building capable of bearing heavy weight without excessive use of interior space given over to vertical support posts. Since this building method has been used for thousands of years in many parts of the world, many styles of historic framing have developed. These styles are often categorized by the type of foundation, walls, how and where the beams intersect, the use of curved timbers, and the roof framing details. Three basic types of timber frames in English-speaking countries are the box frame, cruck frame, and aisled frame.

text: Timber

text: framing

text: and

text: post

text: and

text: beam

text: construction

text: are

text: methods

text: of

text: building

text: with

text: heavy

text: timbers

text: rather

text: than

text: dimensional

text: lumber

text: such

text: as

text: Traditional

text: timber

text: framing

text: is

text: the

text: method

text: of

text: creating

text: structures

text: using

text: heavy

text: squared

text: off

text: and

text: carefully

text: fitted

text: and

text: joined

text: timbers

text: with

text: joints

text: secured

text: by

text: large

text: wooden

text: pegs

text: larger

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: mortise

text: and

text: tenon

text: joints

text: in

text: furniture

text: It

text: is

text: commonplace

text: in

text: wooden

text: buildings

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: earlier

text: The

text: method

text: comes

text: from

text: making

text: things

text: out

text: of

text: logs

text: and

text: tree

text: trunks

text: without

text: modern

text: high

text: tech

text: saws

text: to

text: cut

text: lumber

text: from

text: the

text: starting

text: material

text: stock

text: Using

text: axes

text: adzes

text: and

text: draw

text: knives

text: hand

text: powered

text: auger

text: drill

text: bits

text: brace

text: and

text: bit

text: and

text: laborious

text: woodworking

text: artisans

text: or

text: farmers

text: could

text: gradually

text: assemble

text: building

text: capable

text: of

text: bearing

text: heavy

text: weight

text: without

text: excessive

text: use

text: of

text: interior

text: space

text: given

text: over

text: to

text: vertical

text: support

text: posts

text: Since

text: this

text: building

text: method

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: for

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: in

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: many

text: styles

text: of

text: historic

text: framing

text: have

text: developed

text: These

text: styles

text: are

text: often

text: categorized

text: by

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: foundation

text: walls

text: how

text: and

text: where

text: the

text: beams

text: intersect

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: curved

text: timbers

text: and

text: the

text: roof

text: framing

text: details

text: Three

text: basic

text: types

text: of

text: timber

text: frames

text: in

text: English

text: speaking

text: countries

text: are

text: the

text: box

text: frame

text: cruck

text: frame

text: and

text: aisled

text: frame

text: A monk (from , "monachos", "single, solitary" and Latin "monachus") is a person who practices religious asceticism, living either alone or with any number of other monks. A monk may be a person who decided to dedicate his life to serving all other living beings, or to be an ascetic who voluntarily chooses to leave mainstream society and live his life in prayer and contemplation. The concept is ancient and can be seen in many religions and in philosophy.

text: monk

text: from

text: monachos

text: single

text: solitary

text: and

text: Latin

text: monachus

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: practices

text: religious

text: asceticism

text: living

text: either

text: alone

text: or

text: with

text: any

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: monks

text: monk

text: may

text: be

text: person

text: who

text: decided

text: to

text: dedicate

text: his

text: life

text: to

text: serving

text: all

text: other

text: living

text: beings

text: or

text: to

text: be

text: an

text: ascetic

text: who

text: voluntarily

text: chooses

text: to

text: leave

text: mainstream

text: society

text: and

text: live

text: his

text: life

text: in

text: prayer

text: and

text: contemplation

text: The

text: concept

text: is

text: ancient

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: in

text: many

text: religions

text: and

text: in

text: philosophy

text: During the 6th millennium BC, agriculture spread from the Balkans to Italy and Eastern Europe, and also from Mesopotamia to Egypt. World population was essentially stable at numbers ranging between approximately 5 and 7 million.

text: During

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: agriculture

text: spread

text: from

text: the

text: Balkans

text: to

text: Italy

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: also

text: from

text: Mesopotamia

text: to

text: Egypt

text: World

text: population

text: was

text: essentially

text: stable

text: at

text: numbers

text: ranging

text: between

text: approximately

text: and

text: million

text: Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

text: Sweden

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Swedish

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Denmark

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: bridge

text: tunnel

text: across

text: the

text: Öresund

text: At

text: Sweden

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Sweden

text: consequently

text: has

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Hemse is a locality situated on the Swedish island of Gotland with 1,700 inhabitants in 2014. It is the second largest locality (after Visby) on the island of Gotland. Formerly a socken, on 1January 2016, it was reconstituted into the administrative area Hemse District. During 19th century Hemse was known for its market places.

text: Hemse

text: is

text: locality

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: Swedish

text: island

text: of

text: Gotland

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: locality

text: after

text: Visby

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Gotland

text: Formerly

text: socken

text: on

text: it

text: was

text: reconstituted

text: into

text: the

text: administrative

text: area

text: Hemse

text: District

text: During

text: century

text: Hemse

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: market

text: places

text: Stockholm (or ) is the capital of Sweden and the most populous city in the Nordic countries; 932,917 people live in the municipality, approximately 1.5 million in the urban area, and 2.3 million in the metropolitan area. The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has been settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC, and was founded as a city in 1252 by a Swedish statesman Birger Jarl. It is also the capital of Stockholm County.

text: Stockholm

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: approximately

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: and

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: spread

text: across

text: islands

text: on

text: the

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: Sweden

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: Lake

text: Mälaren

text: by

text: the

text: Stockholm

text: archipelago

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: The

text: area

text: has

text: been

text: settled

text: since

text: the

text: Stone

text: Age

text: in

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: and

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: city

text: in

text: by

text: Swedish

text: statesman

text: Birger

text: Jarl

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Stockholm

text: County

text: The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 8700 BCE and 2000 BCE with the advent of metalworking.

text: The

text: Stone

text: Age

text: was

text: broad

text: prehistoric

text: period

text: during

text: which

text: stone

text: was

text: widely

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: implements

text: with

text: an

text: edge

text: point

text: or

text: percussion

text: surface

text: The

text: period

text: lasted

text: roughly

text: million

text: years

text: and

text: ended

text: between

text: BCE

text: and

text: BCE

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: metalworking

text: Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Europe. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark is the sovereign state that comprises Denmark proper and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has a total area of , and a population of 5.7 million. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand and Funen. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate.

text: Denmark

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: southernmost

text: and

text: smallest

text: of

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: it

text: is

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Germany

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: is

text: the

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: comprises

text: Denmark

text: proper

text: and

text: two

text: autonomous

text: constituent

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: and

text: Greenland

text: Denmark

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: The

text: country

text: consists

text: of

text: peninsula

text: Jutland

text: and

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: named

text: islands

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: being

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Funen

text: The

text: islands

text: are

text: characterised

text: by

text: flat

text: arable

text: land

text: and

text: sandy

text: coasts

text: low

text: elevation

text: and

text: temperate

text: climate

text: Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.

text: Scandinavia

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: region

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: characterized

text: by

text: common

text: ethnocultural

text: North

text: Germanic

text: heritage

text: and

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: North

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term, geographically, Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north; which includes (from west to east) most or all of: Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, the Netherlands, northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, northern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and northwest Russia. However, narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors, such as climate and ecology. Greenland, geographically a part of North America, is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and may be included depending on the definition.

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: or

text: region

text: of

text: Europe

text: Although

text: no

text: definitive

text: borders

text: or

text: definition

text: exists

text: for

text: the

text: term

text: geographically

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: consist

text: approximately

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: above

text: the

text: parallel

text: north

text: which

text: includes

text: from

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: Iceland

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: northern

text: Germany

text: Denmark

text: Norway

text: Sweden

text: northern

text: Poland

text: Finland

text: Estonia

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: northwest

text: Russia

text: However

text: narrower

text: definitions

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: based

text: on

text: other

text: geographical

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: climate

text: and

text: ecology

text: Greenland

text: geographically

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: politically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: included

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: definition

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

text: In

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: or

text: medieval

text: period

text: lasted

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: The

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: the

text: middle

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: traditional

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: history

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: medieval

text: period

text: is

text: itself

text: subdivided

text: into

text: the

text: Early

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Post church (Norwegian: "stolpekirke") is a term for a church building which predates the stave churches and differ in that the corner posts do not reside on a sill but instead have posts dug into the earth. Posts are the vertical, roof-bearing timbers that were placed in the excavated post holes. Posts were often placed in trenches filled with stone, but were still susceptible to decay.

text: Post

text: church

text: Norwegian

text: stolpekirke

text: is

text: term

text: for

text: church

text: building

text: which

text: predates

text: the

text: stave

text: churches

text: and

text: differ

text: in

text: that

text: the

text: corner

text: posts

text: do

text: not

text: reside

text: on

text: sill

text: but

text: instead

text: have

text: posts

text: dug

text: into

text: the

text: earth

text: Posts

text: are

text: the

text: vertical

text: roof

text: bearing

text: timbers

text: that

text: were

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: excavated

text: post

text: holes

text: Posts

text: were

text: often

text: placed

text: in

text: trenches

text: filled

text: with

text: stone

text: but

text: were

text: still

text: susceptible

text: to

text: decay

text: Gutnish, or Gotlandic, is a Scandinavian language spoken on the island of Gotland in Sweden  generally considered to be a dialect of Swedish. Most Gotlanders speak Standard Swedish and contemporary Gutnish has been significantly influenced by it. It is an open issue whether the traditional Gutnish (sometimes called Older Gutnish) dialect, which was close to Old Gutnish, should be considered an independent language or a dialect of Swedish. There are major efforts to revive the traditional variety of Gutnish, and Gutamålsgillet (Gutnish Language Guild) is organizing classes and meetings for speakers of traditional Gutnish. According to the guild's webpage, there are now 1500 people using Gutnish on Facebook.

text: Gutnish

text: or

text: Gotlandic

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: language

text: spoken

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Gotland

text: in

text: Sweden

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: dialect

text: of

text: Swedish

text: Most

text: Gotlanders

text: speak

text: Standard

text: Swedish

text: and

text: contemporary

text: Gutnish

text: has

text: been

text: significantly

text: influenced

text: by

text: it

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: open

text: issue

text: whether

text: the

text: traditional

text: Gutnish

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Older

text: Gutnish

text: dialect

text: which

text: was

text: close

text: to

text: Old

text: Gutnish

text: should

text: be

text: considered

text: an

text: independent

text: language

text: or

text: dialect

text: of

text: Swedish

text: There

text: are

text: major

text: efforts

text: to

text: revive

text: the

text: traditional

text: variety

text: of

text: Gutnish

text: and

text: Gutamålsgillet

text: Gutnish

text: Language

text: Guild

text: is

text: organizing

text: classes

text: and

text: meetings

text: for

text: speakers

text: of

text: traditional

text: Gutnish

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: guild

text: 's

text: webpage

text: there

text: are

text: now

text: people

text: using

text: Gutnish

text: on

text: Facebook

text: In Christianity, the Great Commission is the instruction of the resurrected Jesus Christ to his disciples to spread his teachings to all the nations of the world. The most famous version of the Great Commission is in , where on a mountain in Galilee Jesus calls on his followers to baptize all nations in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

text: In

text: Christianity

text: the

text: Great

text: Commission

text: is

text: the

text: instruction

text: of

text: the

text: resurrected

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: to

text: his

text: disciples

text: to

text: spread

text: his

text: teachings

text: to

text: all

text: the

text: nations

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: most

text: famous

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Commission

text: is

text: in

text: where

text: on

text: mountain

text: in

text: Galilee

text: Jesus

text: calls

text: on

text: his

text: followers

text: to

text: baptize

text: all

text: nations

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: Father

text: the

text: Son

text: and

text: the

text: Holy

text: Spirit

text: An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.

text: An

text: island

text: or

text: isle

text: is

text: any

text: piece

text: of

text: sub

text: continental

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: water

text: Very

text: small

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: emergent

text: land

text: features

text: on

text: atolls

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: islets

text: skerries

text: cays

text: or

text: keys

text: An

text: island

text: in

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: island

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: eyot

text: or

text: ait

text: and

text: small

text: island

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: holm

text: grouping

text: of

text: geographically

text: or

text: geologically

text: related

text: islands

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: archipelago

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Mälaren, historically referred to as Lake Malar in English, is the third-largest freshwater lake in Sweden (after Vänern and Vättern). Its area is 1,140 km² and its greatest depth is 64 m. Mälaren spans 120 kilometers from east to west. The lake drains, from south-west to north-east, into the Baltic Sea through the Södertälje Canal, Hammarbyslussen, Karl Johansslussen and Norrström. The easternmost bay of Mälaren, in central Stockholm, is called Riddarfjärden. The lake is located in Svealand and bounded by the provinces of Uppland, Södermanland, Närke, and Västmanland. The two largest islands in Mälaren are Selaön (91 km²) and Svartsjölandet (79 km²).

text: Mälaren

text: historically

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Lake

text: Malar

text: in

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: freshwater

text: lake

text: in

text: Sweden

text: after

text: Vänern

text: and

text: Vättern

text: Its

text: area

text: is

text: and

text: its

text: greatest

text: depth

text: is

text: Mälaren

text: spans

text: kilometers

text: from

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: The

text: lake

text: drains

text: from

text: south

text: west

text: to

text: north

text: east

text: into

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: through

text: the

text: Södertälje

text: Canal

text: Hammarbyslussen

text: Karl

text: Johansslussen

text: and

text: Norrström

text: The

text: easternmost

text: bay

text: of

text: Mälaren

text: in

text: central

text: Stockholm

text: is

text: called

text: Riddarfjärden

text: The

text: lake

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Svealand

text: and

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Uppland

text: Södermanland

text: Närke

text: and

text: Västmanland

text: The

text: two

text: largest

text: islands

text: in

text: Mälaren

text: are

text: Selaön

text: and

text: Svartsjölandet

text: Christianization (or Christianisation) is the conversion of individuals to Christianity or the conversion of entire groups at once. Various strategies and techniques were employed in Christianization campaigns from Late Antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages. Often the conversion of the ruler was followed by the compulsory baptism of his subjects. Some were evangelization by monks or priests, organic growth within an already partly Christianized society, or by campaigns against paganism such as the conversion of pagan temples into Christian churches or the condemnation of pagan gods and practices. A notable strategy for Christianization was "Interpretatio Christiana"  the practice of converting native pagan practices and culture, pagan religious imagery, pagan sites and the pagan calendar to Christian uses, due to the Christian efforts at proselytism (evangelism) based on the Great Commission.

text: Christianization

text: or

text: Christianisation

text: is

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: individuals

text: to

text: Christianity

text: or

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: entire

text: groups

text: at

text: once

text: Various

text: strategies

text: and

text: techniques

text: were

text: employed

text: in

text: Christianization

text: campaigns

text: from

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: and

text: throughout

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Often

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: the

text: ruler

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: compulsory

text: baptism

text: of

text: his

text: subjects

text: Some

text: were

text: evangelization

text: by

text: monks

text: or

text: priests

text: organic

text: growth

text: within

text: an

text: already

text: partly

text: Christianized

text: society

text: or

text: by

text: campaigns

text: against

text: paganism

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: pagan

text: temples

text: into

text: Christian

text: churches

text: or

text: the

text: condemnation

text: of

text: pagan

text: gods

text: and

text: practices

text: notable

text: strategy

text: for

text: Christianization

text: was

text: Interpretatio

text: Christiana

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: converting

text: native

text: pagan

text: practices

text: and

text: culture

text: pagan

text: religious

text: imagery

text: pagan

text: sites

text: and

text: the

text: pagan

text: calendar

text: to

text: Christian

text: uses

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Christian

text: efforts

text: at

text: proselytism

text: evangelism

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Great

text: Commission

text: Evangelism is the preaching of the gospel or the practice of giving information about a particular doctrine or set of beliefs to others with the intention of converting others to the Christian faith.

text: Evangelism

text: is

text: the

text: preaching

text: of

text: the

text: gospel

text: or

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: giving

text: information

text: about

text: particular

text: doctrine

text: or

text: set

text: of

text: beliefs

text: to

text: others

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: converting

text: others

text: to

text: the

text: Christian

text: faith

text: Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during about the 9th to 13th centuries.

text: Old

text: Norse

text: was

text: North

text: Germanic

text: language

text: that

text: was

text: spoken

text: by

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: Scandinavia

text: and

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: their

text: overseas

text: settlements

text: during

text: about

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: A stave church is a medieval wooden Christian church building once common in north-western Europe. The name derives from the buildings' structure of post and lintel construction, a type of timber framing where the load-bearing ore-pine posts are called "stafr" in Old Norse ("stav" in modern Norwegian). Two related church building types also named for their structural elements, the post church and palisade church, are often also called 'stave churches'.

text: stave

text: church

text: is

text: medieval

text: wooden

text: Christian

text: church

text: building

text: once

text: common

text: in

text: north

text: western

text: Europe

text: The

text: name

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: buildings

text: structure

text: of

text: post

text: and

text: lintel

text: construction

text: type

text: of

text: timber

text: framing

text: where

text: the

text: load

text: bearing

text: ore

text: pine

text: posts

text: are

text: called

text: stafr

text: in

text: Old

text: Norse

text: stav

text: in

text: modern

text: Norwegian

text: Two

text: related

text: church

text: building

text: types

text: also

text: named

text: for

text: their

text: structural

text: elements

text: the

text: post

text: church

text: and

text: palisade

text: church

text: are

text: often

text: also

text: called

text: stave

text: churches

text: Hemse stave church is a rediscovered stave church from Hemse at Gotland . Before the present Hemse Church was built there was a stave church from the early Christian period in the beginning of 11th century . The solid and richly ornamented stave planks of oak was used as a wooden floor in the present church . This stave church , or perhaps palisade church with sills ( since it is unclear how the corners were constructed ) , is the only more or less complete church rediscovered from the Christianization of Sweden . It is now in storage at Statens historiska museum in Stockholm . The stave church has been replaced by a stone church , which was finished in the 13th century . During a renovation of this church in the late 19th century , parts of the stave church were discovered , because the wood pieces of the stave church had been reused for building the floor of the current church .

text: Hemse

text: stave

text: church

text: is

text: rediscovered

text: stave

text: church

text: from

text: Hemse

text: at

text: Gotland

text: Before

text: the

text: present

text: Hemse

text: Church

text: was

text: built

text: there

text: was

text: stave

text: church

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: Christian

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: century

text: The

text: solid

text: and

text: richly

text: ornamented

text: stave

text: planks

text: of

text: oak

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: wooden

text: floor

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: church

text: This

text: stave

text: church

text: or

text: perhaps

text: palisade

text: church

text: with

text: sills

text: since

text: it

text: is

text: unclear

text: how

text: the

text: corners

text: were

text: constructed

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: complete

text: church

text: rediscovered

text: from

text: the

text: Christianization

text: of

text: Sweden

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: in

text: storage

text: at

text: Statens

text: historiska

text: museum

text: in

text: Stockholm

text: The

text: stave

text: church

text: has

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: stone

text: church

text: which

text: was

text: finished

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: During

text: renovation

text: of

text: this

text: church

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: stave

text: church

text: were

text: discovered

text: because

text: the

text: wood

text: pieces

text: of

text: the

text: stave

text: church

text: had

text: been

text: reused

text: for

text: building

text: the

text: floor

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: church

text: Gravel is composed of unconsolidated rock fragments that have a general particle size range and include size classes from granule- to boulder-sized fragments. Gravel is categorized by the Udden-Wentworth scale into granular gravel and pebble gravel. One cubic metre of gravel typically weighs about 1,800 kg (or a cubic yard weighs about 3,000 pounds).

text: Gravel

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: unconsolidated

text: rock

text: fragments

text: that

text: have

text: general

text: particle

text: size

text: range

text: and

text: include

text: size

text: classes

text: from

text: granule-

text: to

text: boulder

text: sized

text: fragments

text: Gravel

text: is

text: categorized

text: by

text: the

text: Udden

text: Wentworth

text: scale

text: into

text: granular

text: gravel

text: and

text: pebble

text: gravel

text: One

text: cubic

text: metre

text: of

text: gravel

text: typically

text: weighs

text: about

text: kg

text: or

text: cubic

text: yard

text: weighs

text: about

text: pounds

text: Gotska Sandön (literally translated as Gotlandic Sand Island) is an uninhabited Swedish island, since 1909 also a national park, situated north of Fårö in the Baltic Sea. Legally a part of Gotland province, it is approximately long and wide, with a total area of approximately . The island consists mostly of sand and is dominated by beaches, dunes and especially pine forests. Aside from a colony of grey seals, the higher fauna is not very rich. However, the island is home to many rare insects and plants, including the Kashubian vetch and several species of orchid. During the summer, there are regular boat tours from Fårö Island and Nynäshamn on the mainland.

text: Gotska

text: Sandön

text: literally

text: translated

text: as

text: Gotlandic

text: Sand

text: Island

text: is

text: an

text: uninhabited

text: Swedish

text: island

text: since

text: also

text: national

text: park

text: situated

text: north

text: of

text: Fårö

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Legally

text: part

text: of

text: Gotland

text: province

text: it

text: is

text: approximately

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: The

text: island

text: consists

text: mostly

text: of

text: sand

text: and

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: beaches

text: dunes

text: and

text: especially

text: pine

text: forests

text: Aside

text: from

text: colony

text: of

text: grey

text: seals

text: the

text: higher

text: fauna

text: is

text: not

text: very

text: rich

text: However

text: the

text: island

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: many

text: rare

text: insects

text: and

text: plants

text: including

text: the

text: Kashubian

text: vetch

text: and

text: several

text: species

text: of

text: orchid

text: During

text: the

text: summer

text: there

text: are

text: regular

text: boat

text: tours

text: from

text: Fårö

text: Island

text: and

text: Nynäshamn

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: A palisade church is a church building which is built with "palisade walls", standing split logs of timber, rammed into the ground, set in gravel or resting on a sill. The palisade walls form an integral part of the load-bearing system.

text: palisade

text: church

text: is

text: church

text: building

text: which

text: is

text: built

text: with

text: palisade

text: walls

text: standing

text: split

text: logs

text: of

text: timber

text: rammed

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: set

text: in

text: gravel

text: or

text: resting

text: on

text: sill

text: The

text: palisade

text: walls

text: form

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: load

text: bearing

text: system

text: In architecture, post and lintel (also called prop and lintel or a trabeated system) is a building system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them. This is usually used to hold up a roof, creating a largely open space beneath, for whatever use the building is designed for. The horizontal elements are called by a variety of names including lintel, header, architrave or beam, and the supporting vertical elements may be called columns, pillars, or posts. The use of wider elements at the top of the post, called capitals, to help spread the load, is common to many traditions.

text: In

text: architecture

text: post

text: and

text: lintel

text: also

text: called

text: prop

text: and

text: lintel

text: or

text: trabeated

text: system

text: is

text: building

text: system

text: where

text: strong

text: horizontal

text: elements

text: are

text: held

text: up

text: by

text: strong

text: vertical

text: elements

text: with

text: large

text: spaces

text: between

text: them

text: This

text: is

text: usually

text: used

text: to

text: hold

text: up

text: roof

text: creating

text: largely

text: open

text: space

text: beneath

text: for

text: whatever

text: use

text: the

text: building

text: is

text: designed

text: for

text: The

text: horizontal

text: elements

text: are

text: called

text: by

text: variety

text: of

text: names

text: including

text: lintel

text: header

text: architrave

text: or

text: beam

text: and

text: the

text: supporting

text: vertical

text: elements

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: columns

text: pillars

text: or

text: posts

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: wider

text: elements

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: called

text: capitals

text: to

text: help

text: spread

text: the

text: load

text: is

text: common

text: to

text: many

text: traditions

text: Gotland (older spellings include Gottland or Gothland ,), "Gutland" in the local dialect Gutnish, is a province, county, municipality, and diocese of Sweden. It is Sweden's largest island. The province includes the small islands of Fårö and Gotska Sandön to the north, as well as the even smaller Karlsö Islands (Lilla and Stora) to the west. The population is 57,221, of which about 23,600 live in Visby, the main town. The island of Gotland and the other areas of the province of Gotland make up less than one percent of Sweden's total land area.

text: Gotland

text: older

text: spellings

text: include

text: Gottland

text: or

text: Gothland

text: Gutland

text: in

text: the

text: local

text: dialect

text: Gutnish

text: is

text: province

text: county

text: municipality

text: and

text: diocese

text: of

text: Sweden

text: It

text: is

text: Sweden

text: 's

text: largest

text: island

text: The

text: province

text: includes

text: the

text: small

text: islands

text: of

text: Fårö

text: and

text: Gotska

text: Sandön

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: even

text: smaller

text: Karlsö

text: Islands

text: Lilla

text: and

text: Stora

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: of

text: which

text: about

text: live

text: in

text: Visby

text: the

text: main

text: town

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Gotland

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Gotland

text: make

text: up

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: percent

text: of

text: Sweden

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: Stockholm County ("Stockholms län") is a county or "län" (in Swedish) on the Baltic sea coast of Sweden. It borders Uppsala County and Södermanland County. It also borders Mälaren and the Baltic Sea. The city of Stockholm is the capital of Sweden. Stockholm County is divided by the historic provinces of Uppland (Roslagen) and Södermanland (Södertörn). More than one fifth of the Swedish population lives in the county. Stockholm County is also one of the statistical "riksområden" (national areas) according to , Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics within the EU. With more than two million inhabitants, Stockholm is the most densely populated county of Sweden.

text: Stockholm

text: County

text: Stockholms

text: län

text: is

text: county

text: or

text: län

text: in

text: Swedish

text: on

text: the

text: Baltic

text: sea

text: coast

text: of

text: Sweden

text: It

text: borders

text: Uppsala

text: County

text: and

text: Södermanland

text: County

text: It

text: also

text: borders

text: Mälaren

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Stockholm

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Stockholm

text: County

text: is

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: historic

text: provinces

text: of

text: Uppland

text: Roslagen

text: and

text: Södermanland

text: Södertörn

text: More

text: than

text: one

text: fifth

text: of

text: the

text: Swedish

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: the

text: county

text: Stockholm

text: County

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: statistical

text: riksområden

text: national

text: areas

text: according

text: to

text: Nomenclature

text: of

text: Territorial

text: Units

text: for

text: Statistics

text: within

text: the

text: EU

text: With

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Stockholm

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: county

text: of

text: Sweden

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity hemse stave church

answer: gotland municipality

text: gotland municipality


text: Rachel Anne Notley (born April 17, 1964) is a Canadian politician and the 17th and current Premier of Alberta, since 2015. She is a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for Edmonton-Strathcona, and leader of the Alberta New Democratic Party. The daughter of former Alberta NDP leader Grant Notley, Notley's career before politics focused on labour law, with a specialty in workers' compensation advocacy and workplace health and safety issues.

text: Rachel

text: Anne

text: Notley

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: Canadian

text: politician

text: and

text: the

text: and

text: current

text: Premier

text: of

text: Alberta

text: since

text: She

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: of

text: Alberta

text: for

text: Edmonton

text: Strathcona

text: and

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Alberta

text: New

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: The

text: daughter

text: of

text: former

text: Alberta

text: NDP

text: leader

text: Grant

text: Notley

text: Notley

text: 's

text: career

text: before

text: politics

text: focused

text: on

text: labour

text: law

text: with

text: specialty

text: in

text: workers

text: compensation

text: advocacy

text: and

text: workplace

text: health

text: and

text: safety

text: issues

text: Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region.

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Saskatchewan

text: River

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Edmonton

text: Capital

text: Region

text: which

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: Alberta

text: 's

text: central

text: region

text: In ice hockey, the goaltender is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team's net, thus preventing the opposing team from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the "goal crease" (often referred to simply as " the crease" or "the net"). Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots. In today's age of goaltending there are two common styles, butterfly and hybrid (hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique). Because of the power of shots, the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact. The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice, as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game. One-on-one situations, such as breakaways and shootouts, have the tendency to highlight a goaltender's pure skill, or lack thereof. Only one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time.

text: In

text: ice

text: hockey

text: the

text: goaltender

text: is

text: the

text: player

text: responsible

text: for

text: preventing

text: the

text: hockey

text: puck

text: from

text: entering

text: their

text: team

text: 's

text: net

text: thus

text: preventing

text: the

text: opposing

text: team

text: from

text: scoring

text: The

text: goaltender

text: usually

text: plays

text: in

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: area

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: net

text: called

text: the

text: goal

text: crease

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: crease

text: or

text: the

text: net

text: Goaltenders

text: tend

text: to

text: stay

text: at

text: or

text: beyond

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: crease

text: to

text: cut

text: down

text: on

text: the

text: angle

text: of

text: shots

text: In

text: today

text: 's

text: age

text: of

text: goaltending

text: there

text: are

text: two

text: common

text: styles

text: butterfly

text: and

text: hybrid

text: hybrid

text: is

text: mix

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: stand

text: up

text: style

text: and

text: butterfly

text: technique

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: shots

text: the

text: goaltender

text: wears

text: special

text: equipment

text: designed

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: body

text: from

text: direct

text: impact

text: The

text: goalie

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: valuable

text: players

text: on

text: the

text: ice

text: as

text: their

text: performance

text: can

text: greatly

text: change

text: the

text: outcome

text: or

text: score

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: One

text: on

text: one

text: situations

text: such

text: as

text: breakaways

text: and

text: shootouts

text: have

text: the

text: tendency

text: to

text: highlight

text: goaltender

text: 's

text: pure

text: skill

text: or

text: lack

text: thereof

text: Only

text: one

text: goaltender

text: is

text: allowed

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: the

text: ice

text: for

text: each

text: team

text: at

text: any

text: given

text: time

text: The National Hockey League (NHL) is a professional ice hockey league currently composed of 31 member clubs. Of the 30 clubs currently playing, 23 are in the United States and 7 in Canada. Headquartered in New York City, the NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.

text: The

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: NHL

text: is

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: league

text: currently

text: composed

text: of

text: member

text: clubs

text: Of

text: the

text: clubs

text: currently

text: playing

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: in

text: Canada

text: Headquartered

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: NHL

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: premier

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: league

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: professional

text: sports

text: leagues

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: The

text: Stanley

text: Cup

text: the

text: oldest

text: professional

text: sports

text: trophy

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: awarded

text: annually

text: to

text: the

text: league

text: playoff

text: champion

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: each

text: season

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver, :British Columbia. They are members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The Canucks play their home games at Rogers Arena, formerly known as General Motors Place, which has an official capacity of 18,860. Henrik Sedin is currently the captain of the team, Willie Desjardins is the head coach and Jim Benning is the general manager.

text: The

text: Vancouver

text: Canucks

text: are

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Vancouver

text: British

text: Columbia

text: They

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Division

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Conference

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: NHL

text: The

text: Canucks

text: play

text: their

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: Rogers

text: Arena

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: General

text: Motors

text: Place

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: official

text: capacity

text: of

text: Henrik

text: Sedin

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: captain

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: Willie

text: Desjardins

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: coach

text: and

text: Jim

text: Benning

text: is

text: the

text: general

text: manager

text: Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.

text: Ice

text: hockey

text: is

text: contact

text: team

text: sport

text: played

text: on

text: ice

text: usually

text: in

text: rink

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: teams

text: of

text: skaters

text: use

text: their

text: sticks

text: to

text: shoot

text: vulcanized

text: rubber

text: puck

text: into

text: their

text: opponent

text: 's

text: net

text: to

text: score

text: points

text: Ice

text: hockey

text: teams

text: usually

text: consist

text: of

text: six

text: players

text: each

text: one

text: goaltender

text: and

text: five

text: players

text: who

text: skate

text: up

text: and

text: down

text: the

text: ice

text: trying

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: puck

text: and

text: score

text: goal

text: against

text: the

text: opposing

text: team

text: James Elmer Benning (born April 29, 1963) is a retired professional ice hockey defenceman and the current general manager of the Vancouver Canucks. Drafted in the first round, sixth overall, in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft by the Toronto Maple Leafs, he played 610 games over nine seasons for the Leafs and the Canucks, compiling 52 goals and 243 points. He was identified during his playing career as an offensive defenseman.

text: James

text: Elmer

text: Benning

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: retired

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: defenceman

text: and

text: the

text: current

text: general

text: manager

text: of

text: the

text: Vancouver

text: Canucks

text: Drafted

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: round

text: sixth

text: overall

text: in

text: the

text: NHL

text: Entry

text: Draft

text: by

text: the

text: Toronto

text: Maple

text: Leafs

text: he

text: played

text: games

text: over

text: nine

text: seasons

text: for

text: the

text: Leafs

text: and

text: the

text: Canucks

text: compiling

text: goals

text: and

text: points

text: He

text: was

text: identified

text: during

text: his

text: playing

text: career

text: as

text: an

text: offensive

text: defenseman

text: Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, one of the three Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, as well as a maritime border to the west alongside Sweden. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.

text: Latvia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Latvia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: region

text: of

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Baltic

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Estonia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: maritime

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: alongside

text: Sweden

text: Latvia

text: has

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: territory

text: of

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1, 2015, it is Canada's fourth-most populous province and the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Its area is about . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1, 1905. The premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015.

text: Alberta

text: is

text: western

text: province

text: of

text: Canada

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: July

text: it

text: is

text: Canada

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: Canada

text: 's

text: three

text: prairie

text: provinces

text: Its

text: area

text: is

text: about

text: Alberta

text: and

text: its

text: neighbour

text: Saskatchewan

text: were

text: districts

text: of

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Territories

text: until

text: they

text: were

text: established

text: as

text: provinces

text: on

text: September

text: The

text: premier

text: has

text: been

text: Rachel

text: Notley

text: since

text: May

text: Henrik Lars Sedin (born 26 September 1980) is a Swedish professional ice hockey centre who currently serves as captain of the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL). His identical twin brother Daniel also plays for the Canucks. Having played together throughout their careers, the pair are known for their effectiveness playing off one another. Henrik, a skilled passer, is known as the playmaker, while Daniel is known as the goalscorer. On 15 February 2013, Henrik Sedin became the all-time leading scorer for the Vancouver Canucks. On January 20, 2017 Henrik earned the 1,000th point of his career all earned while in a Canuck Uniform against former teammate and current Florida Panther Goalie Roberto Luongo.

text: Henrik

text: Lars

text: Sedin

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: Swedish

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: centre

text: who

text: currently

text: serves

text: as

text: captain

text: of

text: the

text: Vancouver

text: Canucks

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: NHL

text: His

text: identical

text: twin

text: brother

text: Daniel

text: also

text: plays

text: for

text: the

text: Canucks

text: Having

text: played

text: together

text: throughout

text: their

text: careers

text: the

text: pair

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: effectiveness

text: playing

text: off

text: one

text: another

text: Henrik

text: skilled

text: passer

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: playmaker

text: while

text: Daniel

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: goalscorer

text: On

text: February

text: Henrik

text: Sedin

text: became

text: the

text: all

text: time

text: leading

text: scorer

text: for

text: the

text: Vancouver

text: Canucks

text: On

text: January

text: Henrik

text: earned

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: all

text: earned

text: while

text: in

text: Canuck

text: Uniform

text: against

text: former

text: teammate

text: and

text: current

text: Florida

text: Panther

text: Goalie

text: Roberto

text: Luongo

text: Harold John Snepsts ( born October 24 , 1954 in Edmonton , Alberta ) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player of Latvian descent who spent 17 seasons in the National Hockey League . He is one of the most popular players in the history of the Vancouver Canucks , the club where he spent the majority of his career , and currently serves on the team 's scouting staff . Both parents of Snepsts came from Latvia .

text: Harold

text: John

text: Snepsts

text: born

text: October

text: in

text: Edmonton

text: Alberta

text: is

text: retired

text: Canadian

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: player

text: of

text: Latvian

text: descent

text: who

text: spent

text: seasons

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Hockey

text: League

text: He

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: players

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Vancouver

text: Canucks

text: the

text: club

text: where

text: he

text: spent

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: and

text: currently

text: serves

text: on

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: scouting

text: staff

text: Both

text: parents

text: of

text: Snepsts

text: came

text: from

text: Latvia

question: position_played_on_team_/_speciality harold snepsts

answer: defenceman

text: defenceman


text: Bawarchi (Devnagari: , translation: "The Chef") is a 1972 Indian film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee starring Rajesh Khanna and Jaya Badhuri with Asrani, A.K. Hangal, Usha Kiran and Durga Khote in supporting roles. The film was ranked the eight highest grossing film of the year 1972. In an interview, Khanna quoted In Bawarchi I did exactly the opposite of what Hrishida had made me do in Anand. He allowed me to interpret the role and perform my way. I had done enough intense roles, and Bawarchi gave me the opportunity to interpret and perform the role the way I wanted. So I let myself go.

text: Bawarchi

text: Devnagari

text: translation

text: The

text: Chef

text: is

text: Indian

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Hrishikesh

text: Mukherjee

text: starring

text: Rajesh

text: Khanna

text: and

text: Jaya

text: Badhuri

text: with

text: Asrani

text: A.K.

text: Hangal

text: Usha

text: Kiran

text: and

text: Durga

text: Khote

text: in

text: supporting

text: roles

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: ranked

text: the

text: eight

text: highest

text: grossing

text: film

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: In

text: an

text: interview

text: Khanna

text: quoted

text: In

text: Bawarchi

text: did

text: exactly

text: the

text: opposite

text: of

text: what

text: Hrishida

text: had

text: made

text: me

text: do

text: in

text: Anand

text: He

text: allowed

text: me

text: to

text: interpret

text: the

text: role

text: and

text: perform

text: my

text: way

text: had

text: done

text: enough

text: intense

text: roles

text: and

text: Bawarchi

text: gave

text: me

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: interpret

text: and

text: perform

text: the

text: role

text: the

text: way

text: wanted

text: So

text: let

text: myself

text: go

text: Kissi Se Na Kehna (Urdu:    ) 1983 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. It was a sweet comedy with actors like Farooq Shaikh, Deepti Naval and Utpal Dutt.

text: Kissi

text: Se

text: Kehna

text: Urdu

text: Hindi

text: language

text: Indian

text: feature

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Hrishikesh

text: Mukherjee

text: It

text: was

text: sweet

text: comedy

text: with

text: actors

text: like

text: Farooq

text: Shaikh

text: Deepti

text: Naval

text: and

text: Utpal

text: Dutt

text: Chupke Chupke (translation: "Hush-Hush") is a 1975 Indian comedy film starring Dharmendra, Sharmila Tagore, Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan, Om Prakash, Usha Kiran, David Abraham Cheulkar, Asrani and Keshto Mukherjee. The movie, a remake of the Bengali movie "Chhadmabeshi", was directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee based on Upendranath Ganguly's Bengali story "Chhadobeshi". with music composed by S.D. Burman. This film is highly remembered for Dharmendra and Amitabh Bachchan's comic act which came in the same year when all time blockbuster Sholay was released.

text: Chupke

text: Chupke

text: translation

text: Hush

text: Hush

text: is

text: Indian

text: comedy

text: film

text: starring

text: Dharmendra

text: Sharmila

text: Tagore

text: Amitabh

text: Bachchan

text: Jaya

text: Bachchan

text: Om

text: Prakash

text: Usha

text: Kiran

text: David

text: Abraham

text: Cheulkar

text: Asrani

text: and

text: Keshto

text: Mukherjee

text: The

text: movie

text: remake

text: of

text: the

text: Bengali

text: movie

text: Chhadmabeshi

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Hrishikesh

text: Mukherjee

text: based

text: on

text: Upendranath

text: Ganguly

text: 's

text: Bengali

text: story

text: Chhadobeshi

text: with

text: music

text: composed

text: by

text: S.D.

text: Burman

text: This

text: film

text: is

text: highly

text: remembered

text: for

text: Dharmendra

text: and

text: Amitabh

text: Bachchan

text: 's

text: comic

text: act

text: which

text: came

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: when

text: all

text: time

text: blockbuster

text: Sholay

text: was

text: released

text: Gol Maal (Chaos) is a 1979 Bollywood comedy movie directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. It was produced by Mukherjee and N.C.Sippy with music by Rahul Dev Burman. The music was crafted by Burman to match the timbre of Mukherjee's perception of a subtle, complex love story involving the Indian middle class. The film generated several awards and was praised by critics.

text: Gol

text: Maal

text: Chaos

text: is

text: Bollywood

text: comedy

text: movie

text: directed

text: by

text: Hrishikesh

text: Mukherjee

text: It

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Mukherjee

text: and

text: N.C.Sippy

text: with

text: music

text: by

text: Rahul

text: Dev

text: Burman

text: The

text: music

text: was

text: crafted

text: by

text: Burman

text: to

text: match

text: the

text: timbre

text: of

text: Mukherjee

text: 's

text: perception

text: of

text: subtle

text: complex

text: love

text: story

text: involving

text: the

text: Indian

text: middle

text: class

text: The

text: film

text: generated

text: several

text: awards

text: and

text: was

text: praised

text: by

text: critics

text: Namak Haraam (Hindi:  , Nastaliq: English: "Traitor") is a 1973 Indian Hindi drama film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. The music is by R.D. Burman, the screenplay by Gulzar, and lyrics by Anand Bakshi. The film stars Rajesh Khanna and Amitabh Bachchan. It also stars Rekha, Asrani, Raza Murad, A.K. Hangal, Simi Garewal and Om Shivpuri. Rajesh Khanna received his third BFJA Awards for Best Actor (Hindi) in 1974 for this film.

text: Namak

text: Haraam

text: Hindi

text: Nastaliq

text: English

text: Traitor

text: is

text: Indian

text: Hindi

text: drama

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Hrishikesh

text: Mukherjee

text: The

text: music

text: is

text: by

text: R.D.

text: Burman

text: the

text: screenplay

text: by

text: Gulzar

text: and

text: lyrics

text: by

text: Anand

text: Bakshi

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Rajesh

text: Khanna

text: and

text: Amitabh

text: Bachchan

text: It

text: also

text: stars

text: Rekha

text: Asrani

text: Raza

text: Murad

text: A.K.

text: Hangal

text: Simi

text: Garewal

text: and

text: Om

text: Shivpuri

text: Rajesh

text: Khanna

text: received

text: his

text: third

text: BFJA

text: Awards

text: for

text: Best

text: Actor

text: Hindi

text: in

text: for

text: this

text: film

text: Khubsoorat is a 1980 Indian Hindi film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee , whose direction together with dialogues by Gulzar . The film won the 1981 Filmfare Best Movie Award . The lead actress , Rekha , won her first Filmfare Best Actress Award for her role as Manju Dayal ( she was also nominated for a role in the film Judaai that year ) . The movie was remade in Tamil as Lakshmi Vandhachu .

text: Khubsoorat

text: is

text: Indian

text: Hindi

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Hrishikesh

text: Mukherjee

text: whose

text: direction

text: together

text: with

text: dialogues

text: by

text: Gulzar

text: The

text: film

text: won

text: the

text: Filmfare

text: Best

text: Movie

text: Award

text: The

text: lead

text: actress

text: Rekha

text: won

text: her

text: first

text: Filmfare

text: Best

text: Actress

text: Award

text: for

text: her

text: role

text: as

text: Manju

text: Dayal

text: she

text: was

text: also

text: nominated

text: for

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Judaai

text: that

text: year

text: The

text: movie

text: was

text: remade

text: in

text: Tamil

text: as

text: Lakshmi

text: Vandhachu

text: Hrishikesh Mukherjee ("Hrishikesh Mukhopaddhae/Mukharji" (see naming conventions)) (30 September 1922  27 August 2006) was an Indian film director known for a number of films, including "Satyakam", "Chupke Chupke", "Anupama", "Anand", "Abhimaan", "Guddi", "Gol Maal", "Aashirwad", "Bawarchi", "Kissi Se Na Kehna" and "Namak Haraam".

text: Hrishikesh

text: Mukherjee

text: Hrishikesh

text: Mukhopaddhae

text: Mukharji

text: see

text: naming

text: conventions

text: September

text: August

text: was

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: director

text: known

text: for

text: number

text: of

text: films

text: including

text: Satyakam

text: Chupke

text: Chupke

text: Anupama

text: Anand

text: Abhimaan

text: Guddi

text: Gol

text: Maal

text: Aashirwad

text: Bawarchi

text: Kissi

text: Se

text: Kehna

text: and

text: Namak

text: Haraam

text: Satyakam is a 1969 Indian Hindi film directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee, based on a Bengali novel of the same name by Narayan Sanyal. The film stars Dharmendra, Sharmila Tagore, Sanjeev Kumar, and Ashok Kumar. The film was scored by Laxmikant Pyarelal.

text: Satyakam

text: is

text: Indian

text: Hindi

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Hrishikesh

text: Mukherjee

text: based

text: on

text: Bengali

text: novel

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: by

text: Narayan

text: Sanyal

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Dharmendra

text: Sharmila

text: Tagore

text: Sanjeev

text: Kumar

text: and

text: Ashok

text: Kumar

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: scored

text: by

text: Laxmikant

text: Pyarelal

text: Aashirwad is a 1968 Bollywood film, directed by Hrishikesh Mukherjee. The film stars Ashok Kumar and Sanjeev Kumar.

text: Aashirwad

text: is

text: Bollywood

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Hrishikesh

text: Mukherjee

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Ashok

text: Kumar

text: and

text: Sanjeev

text: Kumar

annotations: likely single

question: genre khubsoorat

answer: drama

text: drama