text: Jerichower Land is a district ("Kreis") in the north-east of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Its neighbouring administrative units are (clockwise from the south): the districts of Anhalt-Bitterfeld, Salzlandkreis, the city of Magdeburg, the districts of Börde, Stendal, Havelland and Potsdam-Mittelmark in Brandenburg.

text: Jerichower

text: Land

text: is

text: district

text: Kreis

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: Germany

text: Its

text: neighbouring

text: administrative

text: units

text: are

text: clockwise

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: districts

text: of

text: Anhalt

text: Bitterfeld

text: Salzlandkreis

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Magdeburg

text: the

text: districts

text: of

text: Börde

text: Stendal

text: Havelland

text: and

text: Potsdam

text: Mittelmark

text: in

text: Brandenburg

text: Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Germany

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: states

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Located

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: rivers

text: Spree

text: and

text: Havel

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Brandenburg

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: about

text: million

text: residents

text: from

text: more

text: than

text: nations

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Plain

text: Berlin

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: Around

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: forests

text: parks

text: gardens

text: rivers

text: and

text: lakes

text: The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked federal state of Germany, bordering the federal states of Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland (Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeships) and the Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary, Liberec and Ústí nad Labem Regions). Its capital is Dresden, and its largest city is Leipzig.

text: The

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Saxony

text: is

text: landlocked

text: federal

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: bordering

text: the

text: federal

text: states

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: Thuringia

text: and

text: Bavaria

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Poland

text: Lower

text: Silesian

text: and

text: Lubusz

text: Voivodeships

text: and

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Karlovy

text: Vary

text: Liberec

text: and

text: Ústí

text: nad

text: Labem

text: Regions

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Dresden

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Leipzig

text: West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG (or "RFA") in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. During this Cold War era, NATO-aligned West Germany and Warsaw Pact-aligned East Germany were divided by the Inner German border. After 1961 West Berlin was physically separated from East Berlin as well as from East Germany by the Berlin Wall. This situation ended when East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany along with the reunified city-state of Berlin. With the reunification of West and East Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany, enlarged now to sixteen states, became known simply as "Germany". This period is also referred to as the Bonn Republic ("Bonner Republik") by historians, alluding to the interwar Weimar Republic and the post-reunification Berlin Republic.

text: West

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: English

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: or

text: FRG

text: or

text: RFA

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: its

text: creation

text: on

text: May

text: to

text: German

text: reunification

text: on

text: October

text: During

text: this

text: Cold

text: War

text: era

text: NATO

text: aligned

text: West

text: Germany

text: and

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: aligned

text: East

text: Germany

text: were

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: Inner

text: German

text: border

text: After

text: West

text: Berlin

text: was

text: physically

text: separated

text: from

text: East

text: Berlin

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: from

text: East

text: Germany

text: by

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: This

text: situation

text: ended

text: when

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: dissolved

text: and

text: its

text: five

text: states

text: joined

text: the

text: ten

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: reunified

text: city

text: state

text: of

text: Berlin

text: With

text: the

text: reunification

text: of

text: West

text: and

text: East

text: Germany

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: enlarged

text: now

text: to

text: sixteen

text: states

text: became

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Germany

text: This

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Bonn

text: Republic

text: Bonner

text: Republik

text: by

text: historians

text: alluding

text: to

text: the

text: interwar

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: and

text: the

text: post

text: reunification

text: Berlin

text: Republic

text:
East Germany, formally the German Democratic Republic or GDR, was an Eastern Bloc state during the Cold War period. From 1949 to 1990, it administered the region of Germany that was occupied by Soviet forces at the end of World War IIthe Soviet Occupation Zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the OderNeisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin, but did not include it; as a result, West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR.
The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet Zone, while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones. East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948, and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949. Soviet forces, however, remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Until 1989, the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party (SED), though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation, the National Front of Democratic Germany.

text: East

text: Germany

text: formally

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: or

text: GDR

text: was

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: state

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: period

text: From

text: to

text: it

text: administered

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Germany

text: that

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: IIthe

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

text: of

text: the

text: Potsdam

text: Agreement

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: OderNeisse

text: line

text: The

text: Soviet

text: zone

text: surrounded

text: West

text: Berlin

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: it

text: as

text: result

text: West

text: Berlin

text: remained

text: outside

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: GDR

text: The

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Zone

text: while

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: western

text: zones

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: satellite

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Soviet

text: occupation

text: authorities

text: began

text: transferring

text: administrative

text: responsibility

text: to

text: German

text: communist

text: leaders

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: GDR

text: began

text: to

text: function

text: as

text: state

text: on

text: October

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: however

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: throughout

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: Until

text: the

text: GDR

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Unity

text: Party

text: SED

text: though

text: other

text: parties

text: nominally

text: participated

text: in

text: its

text: alliance

text: organisation

text: the

text: National

text: Front

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Germany

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: Magdeburg (Low Saxon: "Meideborg") is the capital city and the second largest city of the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. Magdeburg is situated on the Elbe River and was one of the most important medieval cities of Europe.

text: Magdeburg

text: Low

text: Saxon

text: Meideborg

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: Germany

text: Magdeburg

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: Elbe

text: River

text: and

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: medieval

text: cities

text: of

text: Europe

text: Brigitte Reimann ( born 21 July 1933 , Burg bei Magdeburg , d. 22 February 1973 , East Berlin ) was a German writer who is best known for her posthumously published novel Franziska Linkerhand .

text: Brigitte

text: Reimann

text: born

text: July

text: Burg

text: bei

text: Magdeburg

text: February

text: East

text: Berlin

text: was

text: German

text: writer

text: who

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: posthumously

text: published

text: novel

text: Franziska

text: Linkerhand

text: The Berlin Wall was a barrier that divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and was completed in 1992. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the Wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.

text: The

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: was

text: barrier

text: that

text: divided

text: Berlin

text: from

text: to

text: Constructed

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: GDR

text: East

text: Germany

text: starting

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: Wall

text: completely

text: cut

text: off

text: by

text: land

text: West

text: Berlin

text: from

text: surrounding

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: from

text: East

text: Berlin

text: until

text: government

text: officials

text: opened

text: it

text: in

text: November

text: Its

text: demolition

text: officially

text: began

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: The

text: barrier

text: included

text: guard

text: towers

text: placed

text: along

text: large

text: concrete

text: walls

text: which

text: circumscribed

text: wide

text: area

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: death

text: strip

text: that

text: contained

text: anti

text: vehicle

text: trenches

text: fakir

text: beds

text: and

text: other

text: defenses

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: Wall

text: was

text: erected

text: to

text: protect

text: its

text: population

text: from

text: fascist

text: elements

text: conspiring

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: building

text: socialist

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Germany

text: In

text: practice

text: the

text: Wall

text: served

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: massive

text: emigration

text: and

text: defection

text: that

text: had

text: marked

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: communist

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: during

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: period

text: West Berlin was a city that existed in the period between the end of the Berlin Blockade on 12 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990 as a political enclave surrounded by East Berlin and East Germany. It was east of the Inner German border and only accessible by land from West Germany by narrow rail and highway corridors. It consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors established in 1945 and shared economic, political, legal, and sporting systems with West Germany, but was not "de jure" part of it. It had a special and unique legal status because its administration was formally conducted by the Western Allies. East Berlin, "de jure" occupied and administered by the Soviet Union, was the "de facto" capital of East Germany. The Berlin Wall, built in 1961, physically divided East and West Berlin until it fell in 1989.

text: West

text: Berlin

text: was

text: city

text: that

text: existed

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Blockade

text: on

text: May

text: to

text: German

text: reunification

text: on

text: October

text: as

text: political

text: enclave

text: surrounded

text: by

text: East

text: Berlin

text: and

text: East

text: Germany

text: It

text: was

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Inner

text: German

text: border

text: and

text: only

text: accessible

text: by

text: land

text: from

text: West

text: Germany

text: by

text: narrow

text: rail

text: and

text: highway

text: corridors

text: It

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: occupation

text: sectors

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: shared

text: economic

text: political

text: legal

text: and

text: sporting

text: systems

text: with

text: West

text: Germany

text: but

text: was

text: not

text: de

text: jure

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: It

text: had

text: special

text: and

text: unique

text: legal

text: status

text: because

text: its

text: administration

text: was

text: formally

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Allies

text: East

text: Berlin

text: de

text: jure

text: occupied

text: and

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: capital

text: of

text: East

text: Germany

text: The

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: built

text: in

text: physically

text: divided

text: East

text: and

text: West

text: Berlin

text: until

text: it

text: fell

text: in

text: The ElbeHavel Canal is a 56-kilometre-long waterway in Germany. It links Magdeburg, on the River Elbe, with Brandenburg on the River Havel.

text: The

text: ElbeHavel

text: Canal

text: is

text: long

text: waterway

text: in

text: Germany

text: It

text: links

text: Magdeburg

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Elbe

text: with

text: Brandenburg

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Havel

text:
Burg bei Magdeburg is a town of about 23,900 inhabitants on the ElbeHavel Canal in northeastern Germany, northeast of Magdeburg. It is the capital of the Jerichower Land district in the state of Saxony-Anhalt.
The town is known for its mediaeval churches and towers. Due to the numerous towers and steeples Burg also carries the sobriquet "City of Towers". Like other German towns and cities, Burg shows its connection to the Roland saga with a statue, which was restored in 1999.

text: Burg

text: bei

text: Magdeburg

text: is

text: town

text: of

text: about

text: inhabitants

text: on

text: the

text: ElbeHavel

text: Canal

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Germany

text: northeast

text: of

text: Magdeburg

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Jerichower

text: Land

text: district

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: The

text: town

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: mediaeval

text: churches

text: and

text: towers

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: numerous

text: towers

text: and

text: steeples

text: Burg

text: also

text: carries

text: the

text: sobriquet

text: City

text: of

text: Towers

text: Like

text: other

text: German

text: towns

text: and

text: cities

text: Burg

text: shows

text: its

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: Roland

text: saga

text: with

text: statue

text: which

text: was

text: restored

text: in

text: East Berlin existed between 1949 and 1990 and consisted of the Soviet sector of Berlin established in 1945. The American, British, and French sectors became West Berlin, strongly associated with West Germany, while East Berlin was the "de facto" capital of East Germany. From 13 August 1961 until 9 November 1989, East Berlin was separated from West Berlin by the Berlin Wall.

text: East

text: Berlin

text: existed

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: sector

text: of

text: Berlin

text: established

text: in

text: The

text: American

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: sectors

text: became

text: West

text: Berlin

text: strongly

text: associated

text: with

text: West

text: Germany

text: while

text: East

text: Berlin

text: was

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: capital

text: of

text: East

text: Germany

text: From

text: August

text: until

text: November

text: East

text: Berlin

text: was

text: separated

text: from

text: West

text: Berlin

text: by

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: Saxony-Anhalt is a landlocked federal state of Germany surrounded by the federal states of Lower Saxony, Brandenburg, Saxony and Thuringia.

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: is

text: landlocked

text: federal

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: states

text: of

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: Brandenburg

text: Saxony

text: and

text: Thuringia

question: country_of_citizenship brigitte reimann

answer: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany

text: east germany


text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: The Highlands ("the place of the Gaels") are a historic region of Scotland. The region became culturally distinguishable from the Lowlands from the later Middle Ages into the modern period, when Lowland Scots replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most of the Lowlands. The term is also used for the area north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault, although the exact boundaries are not clearly defined, particularly to the east. The Great Glen divides the Grampian Mountains to the southeast from the Northwest Highlands. The Scottish Gaelic name of "A' Ghàidhealtachd" literally means "the place of the Gaels" and traditionally, from a Gaelic-speaking point of view, includes both the Western Isles and the Highlands.

text: The

text: Highlands

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: Gaels

text: are

text: historic

text: region

text: of

text: Scotland

text: The

text: region

text: became

text: culturally

text: distinguishable

text: from

text: the

text: Lowlands

text: from

text: the

text: later

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: into

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: when

text: Lowland

text: Scots

text: replaced

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: throughout

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Lowlands

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: area

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Highland

text: Boundary

text: Fault

text: although

text: the

text: exact

text: boundaries

text: are

text: not

text: clearly

text: defined

text: particularly

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: Great

text: Glen

text: divides

text: the

text: Grampian

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: from

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Highlands

text: The

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: name

text: of

text: Ghàidhealtachd

text: literally

text: means

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: Gaels

text: and

text: traditionally

text: from

text: Gaelic

text: speaking

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: includes

text: both

text: the

text: Western

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Highlands

text: Knapdale forms a rural district of Argyll and Bute in the Scottish Highlands, adjoining Kintyre to the south, and divided from the rest of Argyll to the north by the Crinan Canal. It includes two parishes, North Knapdale and South Knapdale.

text: Knapdale

text: forms

text: rural

text: district

text: of

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: in

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Highlands

text: adjoining

text: Kintyre

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: divided

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Argyll

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Crinan

text: Canal

text: It

text: includes

text: two

text: parishes

text: North

text: Knapdale

text: and

text: South

text: Knapdale

text: Ormsary ( Scottish Gaelic : Ormsaraidh ) is a hamlet in Knapdale , Argyll and Bute , Scotland .

text: Ormsary

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: Ormsaraidh

text: is

text: hamlet

text: in

text: Knapdale

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: Scotland

text: Kintyre is a peninsula in western Scotland, in the southwest of Argyll and Bute. The pennsula stretches about , from the Mull of Kintyre in the south to East Loch Tarbert in the north. The area immediately north of Kintyre is known as Knapdale.

text: Kintyre

text: is

text: peninsula

text: in

text: western

text: Scotland

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: of

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: The

text: pennsula

text: stretches

text: about

text: from

text: the

text: Mull

text: of

text: Kintyre

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: East

text: Loch

text: Tarbert

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: area

text: immediately

text: north

text: of

text: Kintyre

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Knapdale

text: A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national government.

text: unitary

text: authority

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: local

text: authority

text: that

text: has

text: single

text: tier

text: and

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: all

text: local

text: government

text: functions

text: within

text: its

text: area

text: or

text: performs

text: additional

text: functions

text: which

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: the

text: relevant

text: country

text: are

text: usually

text: performed

text: by

text: national

text: government

text: or

text: higher

text: level

text: of

text: sub

text: national

text: government

text: Argyll, archaically Argyle ("Earra-Ghàidheal" in modern Gaelic ), is an ancient shire of western Scotland. Its area corresponds with most of the modern council area of Argyll and Bute, excluding the island of Bute and the Helensburgh area, but including the Morvern and Ardnamurchan areas of the Highland council area. At present, Argyll (sometimes anglicised as Argyllshire) is one of the registration counties of Scotland.

text: Argyll

text: archaically

text: Argyle

text: Earra

text: Ghàidheal

text: in

text: modern

text: Gaelic

text: is

text: an

text: ancient

text: shire

text: of

text: western

text: Scotland

text: Its

text: area

text: corresponds

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: council

text: area

text: of

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: excluding

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Bute

text: and

text: the

text: Helensburgh

text: area

text: but

text: including

text: the

text: Morvern

text: and

text: Ardnamurchan

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Highland

text: council

text: area

text: At

text: present

text: Argyll

text: sometimes

text: anglicised

text: as

text: Argyllshire

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: registration

text: counties

text: of

text: Scotland

text: Lochgilphead is a town and former burgh in Argyll, Scotland, with a population of around 2,300 people. It is the administrative centre of Argyll and Bute. The village lies at the end of Loch Gilp (a branch of Loch Fyne) and lies on the banks of the Crinan Canal. Lochgilphead sits on the A83 road, with Ardrishaig 2 miles to the south and Inveraray 24 miles to the north-east; Oban lies 37 miles north on the A816.

text: Lochgilphead

text: is

text: town

text: and

text: former

text: burgh

text: in

text: Argyll

text: Scotland

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: The

text: village

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Loch

text: Gilp

text: branch

text: of

text: Loch

text: Fyne

text: and

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Crinan

text: Canal

text: Lochgilphead

text: sits

text: on

text: the

text: road

text: with

text: Ardrishaig

text: miles

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Inveraray

text: miles

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Oban

text: lies

text: miles

text: north

text: on

text: the

text: Argyll and Bute is both one of 32 unitary authority council areas and a lieutenancy area in Scotland. The administrative centre for the council area is in Lochgilphead.

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: is

text: both

text: one

text: of

text: unitary

text: authority

text: council

text: areas

text: and

text: lieutenancy

text: area

text: in

text: Scotland

text: The

text: administrative

text: centre

text: for

text: the

text: council

text: area

text: is

text: in

text: Lochgilphead

text: A parish is a church territorial unit constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or more curates, and who operates from a parish church. Historically, a parish often covered the same geographical area as a manor (its association with the parish church remaining paramount).

text: parish

text: is

text: church

text: territorial

text: unit

text: constituting

text: division

text: within

text: diocese

text: parish

text: is

text: under

text: the

text: pastoral

text: care

text: and

text: clerical

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: parish

text: priest

text: who

text: might

text: be

text: assisted

text: by

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: curates

text: and

text: who

text: operates

text: from

text: parish

text: church

text: Historically

text: parish

text: often

text: covered

text: the

text: same

text: geographical

text: area

text: as

text: manor

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: parish

text: church

text: remaining

text: paramount

text: The Crinan Canal between Crinan and Ardrishaig in Argyll and Bute in the west of Scotland is operated by Scottish Canals. The canal, which opened in 1801, takes its name from the village of Crinan at its western end. Approximately long, the canal connects the village of Ardrishaig on Loch Gilp with the Sound of Jura, providing a navigable route between the Clyde and the Inner Hebrides, without the need for a long diversion around the Kintyre peninsula, and in particular the exposed Mull of Kintyre.

text: The

text: Crinan

text: Canal

text: between

text: Crinan

text: and

text: Ardrishaig

text: in

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: Scotland

text: is

text: operated

text: by

text: Scottish

text: Canals

text: The

text: canal

text: which

text: opened

text: in

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Crinan

text: at

text: its

text: western

text: end

text: Approximately

text: long

text: the

text: canal

text: connects

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Ardrishaig

text: on

text: Loch

text: Gilp

text: with

text: the

text: Sound

text: of

text: Jura

text: providing

text: navigable

text: route

text: between

text: the

text: Clyde

text: and

text: the

text: Inner

text: Hebrides

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: for

text: long

text: diversion

text: around

text: the

text: Kintyre

text: peninsula

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: exposed

text: Mull

text: of

text: Kintyre

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: instance_of ormsary

answer: village

text: village

text: village

text: village


text: Yonas or Jonah ( died May , 1813 ) was ngusä nägäst ( 18 August 1797 -- 4 January 1798 ) of Ethiopia . He was the son of Letezum , and the grandson of the Emperor Fasilides . According to E.A. Wallis Budge , Yonas was a forehead , proclaimed Emperor by Ras Isra'el of Begemder , and deposed by Gugsa , a chieftain of the Yejju Oromo . However , the Royal Chronicle records that he was proclaimed Emperor after the Emperor who controlled Gondar , Salomon III , had been defeated by the rebel Balambaras Asserat , who forced him to flee Gondar . However , during Yonas ' reign the realm was afflicted by a famine in which `` more men died than could be numbered . '' Yonas ' son Mafu died 7 November then his wife Esther , both apparently from this famine . Lacking any support or rationale for his rule , the major warlords of the time -- Ras Mare'ed , Dejazmach Hailu Eshte , Dejazmach Wolde Selassie , and Ras Guebra -- all successfully petitioned to Emperor Tekle Giyorgis to return from exile in Waldebba and become ruler once again . Upon learning of Tekle Giyorgis ' approach when he was still one day 's march away , Yonas fled to sanctuary in the Abuna 's palace . After months of hiding in the Abuna 's palace , Yonas became a potential pawn when Waheldu , the brother of Asserat and also in conflict with the major warlords , attempted to have Yonas brought to him and used as his own candidate for Emperor . Tekle Giyorgis managed to foil this plot by giving amnesty to Yonas , and had him and Yonas ' brother Goshu , `` dwell with him in friendship '' in the Royal Enclosure . By 1802 , he was a prisoner in Lasta . Henry Salt is reported to have met with his son Fasilidas in Adowa 16 September 1805 , and who `` seemed anxious to have a private conversation ( with Salt ) , but was prevented . '' Nathaniel Pearce reports that Yonas was living in exile in Gojjam at the time of his death , and died penniless `` without leaving sufficient even to purchase a coffin to receive ... ( his ) remains , or money enough for fettart or toscar . ''

text: Yonas

text: or

text: Jonah

text: died

text: May

text: was

text: ngusä

text: nägäst

text: August

text: January

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Letezum

text: and

text: the

text: grandson

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Fasilides

text: According

text: to

text: E.A.

text: Wallis

text: Budge

text: Yonas

text: was

text: forehead

text: proclaimed

text: Emperor

text: by

text: Ras

text: Isra'el

text: of

text: Begemder

text: and

text: deposed

text: by

text: Gugsa

text: chieftain

text: of

text: the

text: Yejju

text: Oromo

text: However

text: the

text: Royal

text: Chronicle

text: records

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: Emperor

text: after

text: the

text: Emperor

text: who

text: controlled

text: Gondar

text: Salomon

text: III

text: had

text: been

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: rebel

text: Balambaras

text: Asserat

text: who

text: forced

text: him

text: to

text: flee

text: Gondar

text: However

text: during

text: Yonas

text: reign

text: the

text: realm

text: was

text: afflicted

text: by

text: famine

text: in

text: which

text: more

text: men

text: died

text: than

text: could

text: be

text: numbered

text: Yonas

text: son

text: Mafu

text: died

text: November

text: then

text: his

text: wife

text: Esther

text: both

text: apparently

text: from

text: this

text: famine

text: Lacking

text: any

text: support

text: or

text: rationale

text: for

text: his

text: rule

text: the

text: major

text: warlords

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: Ras

text: Mare'ed

text: Dejazmach

text: Hailu

text: Eshte

text: Dejazmach

text: Wolde

text: Selassie

text: and

text: Ras

text: Guebra

text: all

text: successfully

text: petitioned

text: to

text: Emperor

text: Tekle

text: Giyorgis

text: to

text: return

text: from

text: exile

text: in

text: Waldebba

text: and

text: become

text: ruler

text: once

text: again

text: Upon

text: learning

text: of

text: Tekle

text: Giyorgis

text: approach

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: still

text: one

text: day

text: 's

text: march

text: away

text: Yonas

text: fled

text: to

text: sanctuary

text: in

text: the

text: Abuna

text: 's

text: palace

text: After

text: months

text: of

text: hiding

text: in

text: the

text: Abuna

text: 's

text: palace

text: Yonas

text: became

text: potential

text: pawn

text: when

text: Waheldu

text: the

text: brother

text: of

text: Asserat

text: and

text: also

text: in

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: major

text: warlords

text: attempted

text: to

text: have

text: Yonas

text: brought

text: to

text: him

text: and

text: used

text: as

text: his

text: own

text: candidate

text: for

text: Emperor

text: Tekle

text: Giyorgis

text: managed

text: to

text: foil

text: this

text: plot

text: by

text: giving

text: amnesty

text: to

text: Yonas

text: and

text: had

text: him

text: and

text: Yonas

text: brother

text: Goshu

text: dwell

text: with

text: him

text: in

text: friendship

text: in

text: the

text: Royal

text: Enclosure

text: By

text: he

text: was

text: prisoner

text: in

text: Lasta

text: Henry

text: Salt

text: is

text: reported

text: to

text: have

text: met

text: with

text: his

text: son

text: Fasilidas

text: in

text: Adowa

text: September

text: and

text: who

text: seemed

text: anxious

text: to

text: have

text: private

text: conversation

text: with

text: Salt

text: but

text: was

text: prevented

text: Nathaniel

text: Pearce

text: reports

text: that

text: Yonas

text: was

text: living

text: in

text: exile

text: in

text: Gojjam

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: and

text: died

text: penniless

text: without

text: leaving

text: sufficient

text: even

text: to

text: purchase

text: coffin

text: to

text: receive

text: his

text: remains

text: or

text: money

text: enough

text: for

text: fettart

text: or

text: toscar

text: Ethiopia ('), officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"' (   , "yetiyoya Fdralaw Dmokirasyaw Rpebilk" ), is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With nearly 100 million inhabitants, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world, as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria. It occupies a total area of , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa.

text: Ethiopia

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Federal

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: yetiyoya

text: Fdralaw

text: Dmokirasyaw

text: Rpebilk

text: is

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: It

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: Eritrea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: Djibouti

text: and

text: Somalia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Sudan

text: and

text: South

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Kenya

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: With

text: nearly

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Ethiopia

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: nation

text: on

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: after

text: Nigeria

text: It

text: occupies

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Addis

text: Ababa

text: Sudan ("as-Sdn", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan ("Jumhriyyat as-Sdn"), is a country in Northern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. Before the Sudanese Civil War, South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011. Its predominant religion is Islam.

text: Sudan

text: as

text: Sdn

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: North

text: Sudan

text: and

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Sudan

text: Jumhriyyat

text: as

text: Sdn

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Eritrea

text: and

text: Ethiopia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: South

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Chad

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: The

text: River

text: Nile

text: divides

text: the

text: country

text: into

text: eastern

text: and

text: western

text: halves

text: Before

text: the

text: Sudanese

text: Civil

text: War

text: South

text: Sudan

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Sudan

text: but

text: broke

text: away

text: in

text: Its

text: predominant

text: religion

text: is

text: Islam

text: The Solomonic dynasty, also known as the House of Solomon, is the former ruling Imperial House of the Ethiopian Empire. Its members claim patrilineal descent from King Solomon of Israel and the Queen of Sheba. Tradition asserts that the Queen gave birth to Menelik I after her biblically described visit to Solomon in Jerusalem.

text: The

text: Solomonic

text: dynasty

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Solomon

text: is

text: the

text: former

text: ruling

text: Imperial

text: House

text: of

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: Empire

text: Its

text: members

text: claim

text: patrilineal

text: descent

text: from

text: King

text: Solomon

text: of

text: Israel

text: and

text: the

text: Queen

text: of

text: Sheba

text: Tradition

text: asserts

text: that

text: the

text: Queen

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: Menelik

text: after

text: her

text: biblically

text: described

text: visit

text: to

text: Solomon

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: Fasilides (Ge'ez  "Fsladas", modern "Fsledes"; 20 November 1603  18 October 1667), also known as Fasil or Basilide, was emperor of Ethiopia from 1632 to 18 October 1667, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. His throne name was Alam Sagad (Ge'ez   "lam Sagad", modern "lem Seged"), meaning "to whom the world bows". He was the son of Emperor Susenyos I and Empress Sultana Mogassa, born at Magazaz in Shewa before 10 November 1603. His paternal grandfather's name was also Fasilides.

text: Fasilides

text: Ge'ez

text: Fsladas

text: modern

text: Fsledes

text: November

text: October

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Fasil

text: or

text: Basilide

text: was

text: emperor

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: from

text: to

text: October

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Solomonic

text: dynasty

text: His

text: throne

text: name

text: was

text: Alam

text: Sagad

text: Ge'ez

text: lam

text: Sagad

text: modern

text: lem

text: Seged

text: meaning

text: to

text: whom

text: the

text: world

text: bows

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Susenyos

text: and

text: Empress

text: Sultana

text: Mogassa

text: born

text: at

text: Magazaz

text: in

text: Shewa

text: before

text: November

text: His

text: paternal

text: grandfather

text: 's

text: name

text: was

text: also

text: Fasilides

text: A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 48 such countries, including four partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World).

text: landlocked

text: state

text: or

text: landlocked

text: country

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: entirely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: or

text: whose

text: only

text: coastlines

text: lie

text: on

text: closed

text: seas

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: such

text: countries

text: including

text: four

text: partially

text: recognised

text: states

text: Only

text: two

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Paraguay

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: Addis Ababa (' , "new flower" "Natural Spring(s)") or Addis Abeba (the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It has a population of 3,384,569 according to the 2007 population census, with annual growth rate of 3.8%. This number has been increased from the originally published 2,738,248 figure and appears to be still largely underestimated.

text: Addis

text: Ababa

text: new

text: flower

text: Natural

text: Spring(s

text: or

text: Addis

text: Abeba

text: the

text: spelling

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: official

text: Ethiopian

text: Mapping

text: Authority

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: population

text: census

text: with

text: annual

text: growth

text: rate

text: of

text: This

text: number

text: has

text: been

text: increased

text: from

text: the

text: originally

text: published

text: figure

text: and

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: still

text: largely

text: underestimated

text: Susenyos I (also Sissinios, in Greek, Ge'ez  "ssinys"; throne name Malak Sagad III, Ge'ez  , "mal'ak sagad", Amh. "mel'k seged", "to whom the angel bows"; 1572  17 September 1632) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1606 to 1632. His father was "Abeto" (Prince) Fasilides, son of "Abeto" (Prince) Yakob, who was a son of Dawit II. As a result, while some authorities list Susenyos as a member of the Solomonic dynasty, others consider him, instead of his son, Fasilides, as the founder of the Gondar line of the dynasty (ultimately a subset, however, of the Solomonic dynasty).

text: Susenyos

text: also

text: Sissinios

text: in

text: Greek

text: Ge'ez

text: ssinys

text: throne

text: name

text: Malak

text: Sagad

text: III

text: Ge'ez

text: mal'ak

text: sagad

text: Amh

text: mel'k

text: seged

text: to

text: whom

text: the

text: angel

text: bows

text: September

text: was

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: from

text: to

text: His

text: father

text: was

text: Abeto

text: Prince

text: Fasilides

text: son

text: of

text: Abeto

text: Prince

text: Yakob

text: who

text: was

text: son

text: of

text: Dawit

text: II

text: As

text: result

text: while

text: some

text: authorities

text: list

text: Susenyos

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Solomonic

text: dynasty

text: others

text: consider

text: him

text: instead

text: of

text: his

text: son

text: Fasilides

text: as

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Gondar

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: dynasty

text: ultimately

text: subset

text: however

text: of

text: the

text: Solomonic

text: dynasty

text: A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with sets of previously independent or differently associated people with distinct political characteristics. Regardless of the physical geography, in the modern internationally accepted legal definition as defined by the League of Nations in 1937 and reaffirmed by the United Nations in 1945, a resident of a country is subject to the independent exercise of legal jurisdiction.

text: country

text: is

text: region

text: that

text: is

text: identified

text: as

text: distinct

text: national

text: entity

text: in

text: political

text: geography

text: country

text: may

text: be

text: an

text: independent

text: sovereign

text: state

text: or

text: one

text: that

text: is

text: occupied

text: by

text: another

text: state

text: as

text: non

text: sovereign

text: or

text: formerly

text: sovereign

text: political

text: division

text: or

text: geographic

text: region

text: associated

text: with

text: sets

text: of

text: previously

text: independent

text: or

text: differently

text: associated

text: people

text: with

text: distinct

text: political

text: characteristics

text: Regardless

text: of

text: the

text: physical

text: geography

text: in

text: the

text: modern

text: internationally

text: accepted

text: legal

text: definition

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: in

text: and

text: reaffirmed

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: in

text: resident

text: of

text: country

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: the

text: independent

text: exercise

text: of

text: legal

text: jurisdiction

annotations: likely multiple

question: position_held yonas

answer: emperor of ethiopia

text: emperor of ethiopia

text: emperor of ethiopia


text: A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose electronic computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use. PCs are intended to be operated directly by a person using a graphical user interface such as Windows. The versatility of a personal computer is greatly enhanced by the use of peripheral devices such as a keyboard, monitor, printer, mouse, speakers, and an external hard drive.

text: personal

text: computer

text: PC

text: is

text: multi

text: purpose

text: electronic

text: computer

text: whose

text: size

text: capabilities

text: and

text: price

text: make

text: it

text: feasible

text: for

text: individual

text: use

text: PCs

text: are

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: operated

text: directly

text: by

text: person

text: using

text: graphical

text: user

text: interface

text: such

text: as

text: Windows

text: The

text: versatility

text: of

text: personal

text: computer

text: is

text: greatly

text: enhanced

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: peripheral

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: keyboard

text: monitor

text: printer

text: mouse

text: speakers

text: and

text: an

text: external

text: hard

text: drive

text: The user interface (UI), in the industrial design field of humancomputer interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls, and process controls. The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to or involve such disciplines as ergonomics and psychology.

text: The

text: user

text: interface

text: UI

text: in

text: the

text: industrial

text: design

text: field

text: of

text: humancomputer

text: interaction

text: is

text: the

text: space

text: where

text: interactions

text: between

text: humans

text: and

text: machines

text: occur

text: The

text: goal

text: of

text: this

text: interaction

text: is

text: to

text: allow

text: effective

text: operation

text: and

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: machine

text: from

text: the

text: human

text: end

text: whilst

text: the

text: machine

text: simultaneously

text: feeds

text: back

text: information

text: that

text: aids

text: the

text: operators

text: decision

text: making

text: process

text: Examples

text: of

text: this

text: broad

text: concept

text: of

text: user

text: interfaces

text: include

text: the

text: interactive

text: aspects

text: of

text: computer

text: operating

text: systems

text: hand

text: tools

text: heavy

text: machinery

text: operator

text: controls

text: and

text: process

text: controls

text: The

text: design

text: considerations

text: applicable

text: when

text: creating

text: user

text: interfaces

text: are

text: related

text: to

text: or

text: involve

text: such

text: disciplines

text: as

text: ergonomics

text: and

text: psychology

text: The Amiga is a family of personal computers sold by Commodore in the 1980s and 1990s. Based on the Motorola 68000 family of microprocessors, the machine has a custom chipset with graphics and sound capabilities that were unprecedented for the price, and a pre-emptive multitasking operating system called AmigaOS. The Amiga provided a significant upgrade from earlier 8-bit home computers, including Commodore's own C64.

text: The

text: Amiga

text: is

text: family

text: of

text: personal

text: computers

text: sold

text: by

text: Commodore

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: Motorola

text: family

text: of

text: microprocessors

text: the

text: machine

text: has

text: custom

text: chipset

text: with

text: graphics

text: and

text: sound

text: capabilities

text: that

text: were

text: unprecedented

text: for

text: the

text: price

text: and

text: pre

text: emptive

text: multitasking

text: operating

text: system

text: called

text: AmigaOS

text: The

text: Amiga

text: provided

text: significant

text: upgrade

text: from

text: earlier

text: home

text: computers

text: including

text: Commodore

text: 's

text: own

text: DVD (an abbreviation of "digital versatile disc" or "digital video disc") is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. The medium can store any kind of digital data and is widely used for software and other computer files as well as video programs watched using DVD players. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions.

text: DVD

text: an

text: abbreviation

text: of

text: digital

text: versatile

text: disc

text: or

text: digital

text: video

text: disc

text: is

text: digital

text: optical

text: disc

text: storage

text: format

text: invented

text: and

text: developed

text: by

text: Philips

text: Sony

text: Toshiba

text: and

text: Panasonic

text: in

text: The

text: medium

text: can

text: store

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: digital

text: data

text: and

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: for

text: software

text: and

text: other

text: computer

text: files

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: video

text: programs

text: watched

text: using

text: DVD

text: players

text: DVDs

text: offer

text: higher

text: storage

text: capacity

text: than

text: compact

text: discs

text: while

text: having

text: the

text: same

text: dimensions

text: MPEG-1 and/or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio streaming or storage, as well as a de facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players and computing devices.

text: and/or

text: Audio

text: Layer

text: III

text: more

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: is

text: an

text: audio

text: coding

text: format

text: for

text: digital

text: audio

text: which

text: uses

text: form

text: of

text: lossy

text: data

text: compression

text: It

text: is

text: common

text: audio

text: format

text: for

text: consumer

text: audio

text: streaming

text: or

text: storage

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: de

text: facto

text: standard

text: of

text: digital

text: audio

text: compression

text: for

text: the

text: transfer

text: and

text: playback

text: of

text: music

text: on

text: most

text: digital

text: audio

text: players

text: and

text: computing

text: devices

text: Ripping is extracting all or parts of digital contents from a container. Originally it meant to rip music out of Amiga games. Later the term was used to extract WAV or MP3 format files from digital audio CDs, but got applied as well to extract the contents of any media, most notable were DVD and blue-ray disks.

text: Ripping

text: is

text: extracting

text: all

text: or

text: parts

text: of

text: digital

text: contents

text: from

text: container

text: Originally

text: it

text: meant

text: to

text: rip

text: music

text: out

text: of

text: Amiga

text: games

text: Later

text: the

text: term

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: extract

text: WAV

text: or

text: format

text: files

text: from

text: digital

text: audio

text: CDs

text: but

text: got

text: applied

text: as

text: well

text: to

text: extract

text: the

text: contents

text: of

text: any

text: media

text: most

text: notable

text: were

text: DVD

text: and

text: blue

text: ray

text: disks

text: Copyright is a legal right created by the law of a country that grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights for its use and distribution. This is usually only for a limited time. The exclusive rights are not absolute but limited by limitations and exceptions to copyright law, including fair use. A major limitation on copyright is that copyright protects only the original expression of ideas, and not the underlying ideas themselves.

text: Copyright

text: is

text: legal

text: right

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: country

text: that

text: grants

text: the

text: creator

text: of

text: an

text: original

text: work

text: exclusive

text: rights

text: for

text: its

text: use

text: and

text: distribution

text: This

text: is

text: usually

text: only

text: for

text: limited

text: time

text: The

text: exclusive

text: rights

text: are

text: not

text: absolute

text: but

text: limited

text: by

text: limitations

text: and

text: exceptions

text: to

text: copyright

text: law

text: including

text: fair

text: use

text: major

text: limitation

text: on

text: copyright

text: is

text: that

text: copyright

text: protects

text: only

text: the

text: original

text: expression

text: of

text: ideas

text: and

text: not

text: the

text: underlying

text: ideas

text: themselves

text: The graphical user interface (GUI ), is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to the perceived steep learning curve of command-line interfaces (CLIs), which require commands to be typed on a computer keyboard.

text: The

text: graphical

text: user

text: interface

text: GUI

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: user

text: interface

text: that

text: allows

text: users

text: to

text: interact

text: with

text: electronic

text: devices

text: through

text: graphical

text: icons

text: and

text: visual

text: indicators

text: such

text: as

text: secondary

text: notation

text: instead

text: of

text: text

text: based

text: user

text: interfaces

text: typed

text: command

text: labels

text: or

text: text

text: navigation

text: GUIs

text: were

text: introduced

text: in

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: perceived

text: steep

text: learning

text: curve

text: of

text: command

text: line

text: interfaces

text: CLIs

text: which

text: require

text: commands

text: to

text: be

text: typed

text: on

text: computer

text: keyboard

text:
In the fields of physical security and information security, access control (AC) is the selective restriction of access to a place or other
resource. The act of "accessing" may mean consuming, entering, or using. Permission to access a resource is called "authorization".

text: In

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: physical

text: security

text: and

text: information

text: security

text: access

text: control

text: AC

text: is

text: the

text: selective

text: restriction

text: of

text: access

text: to

text: place

text: or

text: other

text: resource

text: The

text: act

text: of

text: accessing

text: may

text: mean

text: consuming

text: entering

text: or

text: using

text: Permission

text: to

text: access

text: resource

text: is

text: called

text: authorization

text: Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE, or more commonly known as WAV due to its filename extension) (rarely, Audio for Windows) is a Microsoft and IBM audio file format standard for storing an audio bitstream on PCs. It is an application of the Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF) bitstream format method for storing data in "chunks", and thus is also close to the 8SVX and the AIFF format used on Amiga and Macintosh computers, respectively. It is the main format used on Windows systems for raw and typically uncompressed audio. The usual bitstream encoding is the linear pulse-code modulation (LPCM) format.

text: Waveform

text: Audio

text: File

text: Format

text: WAVE

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: WAV

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: filename

text: extension

text: rarely

text: Audio

text: for

text: Windows

text: is

text: Microsoft

text: and

text: IBM

text: audio

text: file

text: format

text: standard

text: for

text: storing

text: an

text: audio

text: bitstream

text: on

text: PCs

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: application

text: of

text: the

text: Resource

text: Interchange

text: File

text: Format

text: RIFF

text: bitstream

text: format

text: method

text: for

text: storing

text: data

text: in

text: chunks

text: and

text: thus

text: is

text: also

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: AIFF

text: format

text: used

text: on

text: Amiga

text: and

text: Macintosh

text: computers

text: respectively

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: format

text: used

text: on

text: Windows

text: systems

text: for

text: raw

text: and

text: typically

text: uncompressed

text: audio

text: The

text: usual

text: bitstream

text: encoding

text: is

text: the

text: linear

text: pulse

text: code

text: modulation

text: LPCM

text: format

text: A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow a sequence of operations, called a "program", make computers very flexible and useful. Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design, but also in general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions of other computers.

text: computer

text: is

text: device

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: instructed

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: set

text: of

text: arithmetic

text: or

text: logical

text: operations

text: automatically

text: The

text: ability

text: of

text: computers

text: to

text: follow

text: sequence

text: of

text: operations

text: called

text: program

text: make

text: computers

text: very

text: flexible

text: and

text: useful

text: Such

text: computers

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: control

text: systems

text: for

text: very

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: consumer

text: devices

text: This

text: includes

text: simple

text: special

text: purpose

text: devices

text: like

text: microwave

text: ovens

text: and

text: remote

text: controls

text: factory

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: industrial

text: robots

text: and

text: computer

text: assisted

text: design

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: general

text: purpose

text: devices

text: like

text: personal

text: computers

text: and

text: mobile

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: smartphones

text: The

text: Internet

text: is

text: run

text: on

text: computers

text: and

text: it

text: connects

text: millions

text: of

text: other

text: computers

text: A peripheral is "an ancillary device used to put information into and get information out of the computer".

text: peripheral

text: is

text: an

text: ancillary

text: device

text: used

text: to

text: put

text: information

text: into

text: and

text: get

text: information

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: computer

text: Digital rights management (DRM) schemes are various access control technologies that are used to restrict usage of proprietary hardware and copyrighted works. DRM technologies try to control the use, modification, and distribution of copyrighted works (such as software and multimedia content), as well as systems within devices that enforce these policies.

text: Digital

text: rights

text: management

text: DRM

text: schemes

text: are

text: various

text: access

text: control

text: technologies

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: restrict

text: usage

text: of

text: proprietary

text: hardware

text: and

text: copyrighted

text: works

text: DRM

text: technologies

text: try

text: to

text: control

text: the

text: use

text: modification

text: and

text: distribution

text: of

text: copyrighted

text: works

text: such

text: as

text: software

text: and

text: multimedia

text: content

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: systems

text: within

text: devices

text: that

text: enforce

text: these

text: policies

text: Opendisc is an Enhanced Music CD application for enabling multimedia content when a compact disc is played on a personal computer . Opendisc asserts that its technology conforms to the Blue Book specification and does not contain copy - protection functions . However , various computer users have reported that it interferes with third - party playback and ripping applications , effectively functioning as Digital Rights Management . Since version 2.0 , Opendisc embedded a direct link to a default audio player such as Windows Media Player or iTunes . Because of this , many CDs now simply feature access to a Web site of the specific artist , which features exclusive music , videos , and photo content . Like a Google alert , a user is informed of artist updates via e-mail .

text: Opendisc

text: is

text: an

text: Enhanced

text: Music

text: CD

text: application

text: for

text: enabling

text: multimedia

text: content

text: when

text: compact

text: disc

text: is

text: played

text: on

text: personal

text: computer

text: Opendisc

text: asserts

text: that

text: its

text: technology

text: conforms

text: to

text: the

text: Blue

text: Book

text: specification

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: contain

text: copy

text: protection

text: functions

text: However

text: various

text: computer

text: users

text: have

text: reported

text: that

text: it

text: interferes

text: with

text: third

text: party

text: playback

text: and

text: ripping

text: applications

text: effectively

text: functioning

text: as

text: Digital

text: Rights

text: Management

text: Since

text: version

text: Opendisc

text: embedded

text: direct

text: link

text: to

text: default

text: audio

text: player

text: such

text: as

text: Windows

text: Media

text: Player

text: or

text: iTunes

text: Because

text: of

text: this

text: many

text: CDs

text: now

text: simply

text: feature

text: access

text: to

text: Web

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: specific

text: artist

text: which

text: features

text: exclusive

text: music

text: videos

text: and

text: photo

text: content

text: Like

text: Google

text: alert

text: user

text: is

text: informed

text: of

text: artist

text: updates

text: via

text: mail

annotations: likely single

question: instance_of opendisc

answer: software

text: software

text: software