text: Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was governed by a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a fascist state in which the Nazi Party took totalitarian control over nearly all aspects of life. The official name of the state was "Deutsches Reich" from 1933 to 1943 and "Großdeutsches Reich" ("Greater German Reich") from 1943 to 1945. The period is also known under the names the Third Reich and the National Socialist Period (abbreviated as "NS-Zeit"). The Nazi regime came to an end after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe.

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: English

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: German

text: history

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: Germany

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: dictatorship

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: and

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: NSDAP

text: Under

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: rule

text: Germany

text: was

text: transformed

text: into

text: fascist

text: state

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: took

text: totalitarian

text: control

text: over

text: nearly

text: all

text: aspects

text: of

text: life

text: The

text: official

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: Deutsches

text: Reich

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: Großdeutsches

text: Reich

text: Greater

text: German

text: Reich

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: under

text: the

text: names

text: the

text: Third

text: Reich

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Socialist

text: Period

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: NS

text: Zeit

text: The

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: after

text: the

text: Allied

text: Powers

text: defeated

text: Germany

text: in

text: May

text: ending

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: Europe

text: An intelligence agency is a government agency responsible for the collection, analysis, and exploitation of information and intelligence in support of law enforcement, national security, military, and foreign policy objectives.

text: An

text: intelligence

text: agency

text: is

text: government

text: agency

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: collection

text: analysis

text: and

text: exploitation

text: of

text: information

text: and

text: intelligence

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: law

text: enforcement

text: national

text: security

text: military

text: and

text: foreign

text: policy

text: objectives

text: The Czech Republic, also known by the short name Czechia, is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of with mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, has 10.5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague, with over 1.2 million residents. The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia.

text: The

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: short

text: name

text: Czechia

text: is

text: nation

text: state

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: The

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: with

text: mostly

text: temperate

text: continental

text: climate

text: and

text: oceanic

text: climate

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: has

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Prague

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: residents

text: The

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: includes

text: the

text: historical

text: territories

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: Moravia

text: and

text: Czech

text: Silesia

text: Easter Island is a Chilean island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle. Easter Island is famous for its 887 extant monumental statues, called "moai", created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995, UNESCO named Easter Island a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected within Rapa Nui National Park.

text: Easter

text: Island

text: is

text: Chilean

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: at

text: the

text: southeasternmost

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: Polynesian

text: Triangle

text: Easter

text: Island

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: extant

text: monumental

text: statues

text: called

text: moai

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: early

text: Rapa

text: Nui

text: people

text: In

text: UNESCO

text: named

text: Easter

text: Island

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: with

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: protected

text: within

text: Rapa

text: Nui

text: National

text: Park

text: Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich (7 March 1904  4 June 1942) was a high-ranking German Nazi official during World War II, and a main architect of the Holocaust. He was an SS-"Obergruppenführer und General der Polizei" (Senior Group Leader and Chief of Police) as well as chief of the Reich Main Security Office (including the Gestapo, Kripo, and SD). He was also "Stellvertretender Reichsprotektor" (Deputy/Acting Reich-Protector) of Bohemia and Moravia, in what is now the Czech Republic. Heydrich served as president of the International Criminal Police Commission (ICPC; later known as Interpol) and chaired the January 1942 Wannsee Conference, which formalised plans for the Final Solution to the Jewish Questionthe deportation and genocide of all Jews in German-occupied Europe.

text: Reinhard

text: Tristan

text: Eugen

text: Heydrich

text: March

text: June

text: was

text: high

text: ranking

text: German

text: Nazi

text: official

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: main

text: architect

text: of

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: He

text: was

text: an

text: SS-"Obergruppenführer

text: und

text: General

text: der

text: Polizei

text: Senior

text: Group

text: Leader

text: and

text: Chief

text: of

text: Police

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Reich

text: Main

text: Security

text: Office

text: including

text: the

text: Gestapo

text: Kripo

text: and

text: SD

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: Stellvertretender

text: Reichsprotektor

text: Deputy

text: Acting

text: Reich

text: Protector

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: and

text: Moravia

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Heydrich

text: served

text: as

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Criminal

text: Police

text: Commission

text: ICPC

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Interpol

text: and

text: chaired

text: the

text: January

text: Wannsee

text: Conference

text: which

text: formalised

text: plans

text: for

text: the

text: Final

text: Solution

text: to

text: the

text: Jewish

text: Questionthe

text: deportation

text: and

text: genocide

text: of

text: all

text: Jews

text: in

text: German

text: occupied

text: Europe

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: The National Socialist German Workers' Party (abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and practised the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party ("Deutsche Arbeiterpartei"; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920.

text: The

text: National

text: Socialist

text: German

text: Workers

text: Party

text: abbreviated

text: NSDAP

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: was

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: Germany

text: that

text: was

text: active

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: practised

text: the

text: ideology

text: of

text: Nazism

text: Its

text: precursor

text: the

text: German

text: Workers

text: Party

text: Deutsche

text: Arbeiterpartei

text: DAP

text: existed

text: from

text: to

text: Walter Rauff ( June 19 , 1906 -- May 14 , 1984 ) was an SS officer in Nazi Germany , attaining the grade of Colonel ( Standartenführer ) in June 1944 . From January 1938 he was an aide of Reinhard Heydrich firstly in the Sicherheitsdienst or SD , the SS security service , later in the Reichssicherheitshauptamt or RSHA , the Reich Security Main Office , a department created by Himmler in 1939 grouping the Gestapo , SD and Kripo , the criminal police . Between 1958 and 1962 he worked for the Bundesnachrichtendienst , West Germany 's intelligence service . His funeral in Santiago , Chile was attended by hundreds of old Nazis . Rauff is thought to have been responsible for nearly 100,000 deaths during the Second World War . He was instrumental in the creation of the Nazis '' `` mobile gas chamber '' . His victims included Communists , Jews , Roma and the physically and mentally ill. In the late 1970s and ' 80s , he was arguably the most wanted Nazi fugitive still alive .

text: Walter

text: Rauff

text: June

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: SS

text: officer

text: in

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: attaining

text: the

text: grade

text: of

text: Colonel

text: Standartenführer

text: in

text: June

text: From

text: January

text: he

text: was

text: an

text: aide

text: of

text: Reinhard

text: Heydrich

text: firstly

text: in

text: the

text: Sicherheitsdienst

text: or

text: SD

text: the

text: SS

text: security

text: service

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: Reichssicherheitshauptamt

text: or

text: RSHA

text: the

text: Reich

text: Security

text: Main

text: Office

text: department

text: created

text: by

text: Himmler

text: in

text: grouping

text: the

text: Gestapo

text: SD

text: and

text: Kripo

text: the

text: criminal

text: police

text: Between

text: and

text: he

text: worked

text: for

text: the

text: Bundesnachrichtendienst

text: West

text: Germany

text: 's

text: intelligence

text: service

text: His

text: funeral

text: in

text: Santiago

text: Chile

text: was

text: attended

text: by

text: hundreds

text: of

text: old

text: Nazis

text: Rauff

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: responsible

text: for

text: nearly

text: deaths

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: He

text: was

text: instrumental

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Nazis

text: mobile

text: gas

text: chamber

text: His

text: victims

text: included

text: Communists

text: Jews

text: Roma

text: and

text: the

text: physically

text: and

text: mentally

text: ill

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: arguably

text: the

text: most

text: wanted

text: Nazi

text: fugitive

text: still

text: alive

text: Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

text: Chile

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Chile

text: is

text: South

text: American

text: country

text: occupying

text: long

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: between

text: the

text: Andes

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: It

text: borders

text: Peru

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Bolivia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Drake

text: Passage

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: Chilean

text: territory

text: includes

text: the

text: Pacific

text: islands

text: of

text: Juan

text: Fernández

text: Salas

text: Gómez

text: Desventuradas

text: and

text: Easter

text: Island

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Chile

text: also

text: claims

text: about

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: although

text: all

text: claims

text: are

text: suspended

text: under

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: The Warsaw Pact, formally the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance and sometimes, informally, WarPac. was a collective defense treaty among the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the London and Paris Conferences of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.

text: The

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: formally

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Friendship

text: Co

text: operation

text: and

text: Mutual

text: Assistance

text: and

text: sometimes

text: informally

text: WarPac

text: was

text: collective

text: defense

text: treaty

text: among

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: seven

text: other

text: Soviet

text: satellite

text: states

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: in

text: existence

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: The

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: was

text: the

text: military

text: complement

text: to

text: the

text: Council

text: for

text: Mutual

text: Economic

text: Assistance

text: CoMEcon

text: the

text: regional

text: economic

text: organization

text: for

text: the

text: communist

text: states

text: of

text: Central

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: The

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: integration

text: of

text: West

text: Germany

text: into

text: NATO

text: in

text: per

text: the

text: London

text: and

text: Paris

text: Conferences

text: of

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: motivated

text: by

text: Soviet

text: desires

text: to

text: maintain

text: control

text: over

text: military

text: forces

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text:
East Germany, formally the German Democratic Republic or GDR, was an Eastern Bloc state during the Cold War period. From 1949 to 1990, it administered the region of Germany that was occupied by Soviet forces at the end of World War IIthe Soviet Occupation Zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the OderNeisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin, but did not include it; as a result, West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR.
The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet Zone, while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones. East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948, and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949. Soviet forces, however, remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Until 1989, the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party (SED), though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation, the National Front of Democratic Germany.

text: East

text: Germany

text: formally

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: or

text: GDR

text: was

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: state

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: period

text: From

text: to

text: it

text: administered

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Germany

text: that

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: IIthe

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

text: of

text: the

text: Potsdam

text: Agreement

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: OderNeisse

text: line

text: The

text: Soviet

text: zone

text: surrounded

text: West

text: Berlin

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: it

text: as

text: result

text: West

text: Berlin

text: remained

text: outside

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: GDR

text: The

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Zone

text: while

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: western

text: zones

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: satellite

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Soviet

text: occupation

text: authorities

text: began

text: transferring

text: administrative

text: responsibility

text: to

text: German

text: communist

text: leaders

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: GDR

text: began

text: to

text: function

text: as

text: state

text: on

text: October

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: however

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: throughout

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: Until

text: the

text: GDR

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Unity

text: Party

text: SED

text: though

text: other

text: parties

text: nominally

text: participated

text: in

text: its

text: alliance

text: organisation

text: the

text: National

text: Front

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Germany

text: Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889  30 April 1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party ("Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei"; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of the German Reich, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was central to the Holocaust.

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: April

text: April

text: was

text: German

text: politician

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: Nationalsozialistische

text: Deutsche

text: Arbeiterpartei

text: NSDAP

text: Chancellor

text: of

text: Germany

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: Führer

text: Leader

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: from

text: to

text: As

text: dictator

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Reich

text: he

text: initiated

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: Europe

text: with

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: in

text: September

text: and

text: was

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: The Berlin Wall was a barrier that divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and was completed in 1992. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the Wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.

text: The

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: was

text: barrier

text: that

text: divided

text: Berlin

text: from

text: to

text: Constructed

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: GDR

text: East

text: Germany

text: starting

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: Wall

text: completely

text: cut

text: off

text: by

text: land

text: West

text: Berlin

text: from

text: surrounding

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: from

text: East

text: Berlin

text: until

text: government

text: officials

text: opened

text: it

text: in

text: November

text: Its

text: demolition

text: officially

text: began

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: The

text: barrier

text: included

text: guard

text: towers

text: placed

text: along

text: large

text: concrete

text: walls

text: which

text: circumscribed

text: wide

text: area

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: death

text: strip

text: that

text: contained

text: anti

text: vehicle

text: trenches

text: fakir

text: beds

text: and

text: other

text: defenses

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: Wall

text: was

text: erected

text: to

text: protect

text: its

text: population

text: from

text: fascist

text: elements

text: conspiring

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: building

text: socialist

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Germany

text: In

text: practice

text: the

text: Wall

text: served

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: massive

text: emigration

text: and

text: defection

text: that

text: had

text: marked

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: communist

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: during

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: period

text: The Gestapo, abbreviation of Geheime Staatspolizei, or the Secret State Police, was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe.

text: The

text: Gestapo

text: abbreviation

text: of

text: Geheime

text: Staatspolizei

text: or

text: the

text: Secret

text: State

text: Police

text: was

text: the

text: official

text: secret

text: police

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: and

text: German

text: occupied

text: Europe

text: The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period (the second half of the 20th century) between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine (a U.S. policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism) was announced, and 1991, the year the Soviet Union collapsed.

text: The

text: Cold

text: War

text: was

text: state

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: tension

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: between

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: its

text: satellite

text: states

text: and

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Bloc

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: its

text: NATO

text: allies

text: and

text: others

text: Historians

text: do

text: not

text: fully

text: agree

text: on

text: the

text: dates

text: but

text: common

text: timeframe

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: between

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Truman

text: Doctrine

text: U.S.

text: policy

text: pledging

text: to

text: aid

text: nations

text: threatened

text: by

text: Soviet

text: expansionism

text: was

text: announced

text: and

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: collapsed

text: Peru , officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.

text: Peru

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Peru

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Colombia

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Brazil

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Chile

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Peru

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: biodiverse

text: country

text: with

text: habitats

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: arid

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coastal

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: peaks

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: mountains

text: vertically

text: extending

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: the

text: tropical

text: Amazon

text: Basin

text: rainforest

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Amazon

text: river

text: Germanoccupied Europe or Nazi Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were occupied by the military forces of Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945 and administered by the Nazi regime.

text: Germanoccupied

text: Europe

text: or

text: Nazi

text: Europe

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: sovereign

text: countries

text: of

text: Europe

text: which

text: were

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: military

text: forces

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: West Berlin was a city that existed in the period between the end of the Berlin Blockade on 12 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990 as a political enclave surrounded by East Berlin and East Germany. It was east of the Inner German border and only accessible by land from West Germany by narrow rail and highway corridors. It consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors established in 1945 and shared economic, political, legal, and sporting systems with West Germany, but was not "de jure" part of it. It had a special and unique legal status because its administration was formally conducted by the Western Allies. East Berlin, "de jure" occupied and administered by the Soviet Union, was the "de facto" capital of East Germany. The Berlin Wall, built in 1961, physically divided East and West Berlin until it fell in 1989.

text: West

text: Berlin

text: was

text: city

text: that

text: existed

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Blockade

text: on

text: May

text: to

text: German

text: reunification

text: on

text: October

text: as

text: political

text: enclave

text: surrounded

text: by

text: East

text: Berlin

text: and

text: East

text: Germany

text: It

text: was

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Inner

text: German

text: border

text: and

text: only

text: accessible

text: by

text: land

text: from

text: West

text: Germany

text: by

text: narrow

text: rail

text: and

text: highway

text: corridors

text: It

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: occupation

text: sectors

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: shared

text: economic

text: political

text: legal

text: and

text: sporting

text: systems

text: with

text: West

text: Germany

text: but

text: was

text: not

text: de

text: jure

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: It

text: had

text: special

text: and

text: unique

text: legal

text: status

text: because

text: its

text: administration

text: was

text: formally

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Allies

text: East

text: Berlin

text: de

text: jure

text: occupied

text: and

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: capital

text: of

text: East

text: Germany

text: The

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: built

text: in

text: physically

text: divided

text: East

text: and

text: West

text: Berlin

text: until

text: it

text: fell

text: in

text: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO  '), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. Three NATO members are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and are officially nuclear-weapon states: the United States, France and the United Kingdom. NATO's headquarters are located in Haren, Brussels, Belgium, where the Supreme Allied Commander also resides. Belgium is one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe, the newest of which, Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009. An additional 22 countries participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace program, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the global total. Members' defence spending is supposed to amount to 2% of GDP.

text: The

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Alliance

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: military

text: alliance

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: which

text: was

text: signed

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: organization

text: constitutes

text: system

text: of

text: collective

text: defence

text: whereby

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: agree

text: to

text: mutual

text: defence

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: an

text: attack

text: by

text: any

text: external

text: party

text: Three

text: NATO

text: members

text: are

text: permanent

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: veto

text: and

text: are

text: officially

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: states

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: NATO

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Haren

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

text: where

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: also

text: resides

text: Belgium

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: across

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: the

text: newest

text: of

text: which

text: Albania

text: and

text: Croatia

text: joined

text: in

text: April

text: An

text: additional

text: countries

text: participate

text: in

text: NATO

text: 's

text: Partnership

text: for

text: Peace

text: program

text: with

text: other

text: countries

text: involved

text: in

text: institutionalized

text: dialogue

text: programmes

text: The

text: combined

text: military

text: spending

text: of

text: all

text: NATO

text: members

text: constitutes

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: total

text: Members

text: defence

text: spending

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: amount

text: to

text: of

text: GDP

text: The Reich Main Security Office (German: "Reichssicherheitshauptamt" or RSHA) was an organization subordinate to Heinrich Himmler in his dual capacities as "Chef der Deutschen Polizei" (Chief of German Police) and "Reichsführer-SS", the head of the Nazi Party's "Schutzstaffel" (SS). The organization's stated duty was to fight all "enemies of the Reich" inside and outside the borders of Nazi Germany.

text: The

text: Reich

text: Main

text: Security

text: Office

text: German

text: Reichssicherheitshauptamt

text: or

text: RSHA

text: was

text: an

text: organization

text: subordinate

text: to

text: Heinrich

text: Himmler

text: in

text: his

text: dual

text: capacities

text: as

text: Chef

text: der

text: Deutschen

text: Polizei

text: Chief

text: of

text: German

text: Police

text: and

text: Reichsführer

text: SS

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: 's

text: Schutzstaffel

text: SS

text: The

text: organization

text: 's

text: stated

text: duty

text: was

text: to

text: fight

text: all

text: enemies

text: of

text: the

text: Reich

text: inside

text: and

text: outside

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: Sicherheitsdienst ("Security Service"), full title Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers-SS, or SD, was the intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. The organization was the first Nazi Party intelligence organization to be established and was considered a sister organization with the Gestapo, which the SS had infiltrated heavily after 1934. Between 1933 and 1939, the SD was administered as an independent SS office, after which it was transferred to the authority of the Reich Main Security Office ("Reichssicherheitshauptamt"; RSHA), as one of its seven departments/offices. Its first director, Reinhard Heydrich, intended for the SD to bring every single individual within the Third Reich's reach under "continuous supervision."

text: Sicherheitsdienst

text: Security

text: Service

text: full

text: title

text: Sicherheitsdienst

text: des

text: Reichsführers

text: SS

text: or

text: SD

text: was

text: the

text: intelligence

text: agency

text: of

text: the

text: SS

text: and

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: in

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: The

text: organization

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: intelligence

text: organization

text: to

text: be

text: established

text: and

text: was

text: considered

text: sister

text: organization

text: with

text: the

text: Gestapo

text: which

text: the

text: SS

text: had

text: infiltrated

text: heavily

text: after

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: SD

text: was

text: administered

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: SS

text: office

text: after

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: transferred

text: to

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Reich

text: Main

text: Security

text: Office

text: Reichssicherheitshauptamt

text: RSHA

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: seven

text: departments

text: offices

text: Its

text: first

text: director

text: Reinhard

text: Heydrich

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: SD

text: to

text: bring

text: every

text: single

text: individual

text: within

text: the

text: Third

text: Reich

text: 's

text: reach

text: under

text: continuous

text: supervision

text:
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a federal republic in the southern half of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of , Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into twenty-three provinces (singular "provincia") and one autonomous city ("ciudad autónoma"), Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress.
The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system.

text: Argentina

text: officially

text: the

text: Argentine

text: Republic

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Sharing

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: with

text: its

text: neighbor

text: Chile

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: also

text: bordered

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Paraguay

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Uruguay

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Drake

text: Passage

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: With

text: mainland

text: area

text: of

text: Argentina

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: one

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: twenty

text: three

text: provinces

text: singular

text: provincia

text: and

text: one

text: autonomous

text: city

text: ciudad

text: autónoma

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: federal

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: as

text: decided

text: by

text: Congress

text: The

text: provinces

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: constitutions

text: but

text: exist

text: under

text: federal

text: system

text: West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany or FRG (or "RFA") in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990. During this Cold War era, NATO-aligned West Germany and Warsaw Pact-aligned East Germany were divided by the Inner German border. After 1961 West Berlin was physically separated from East Berlin as well as from East Germany by the Berlin Wall. This situation ended when East Germany was dissolved and its five states joined the ten states of the Federal Republic of Germany along with the reunified city-state of Berlin. With the reunification of West and East Germany, the Federal Republic of Germany, enlarged now to sixteen states, became known simply as "Germany". This period is also referred to as the Bonn Republic ("Bonner Republik") by historians, alluding to the interwar Weimar Republic and the post-reunification Berlin Republic.

text: West

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: English

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: or

text: FRG

text: or

text: RFA

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: its

text: creation

text: on

text: May

text: to

text: German

text: reunification

text: on

text: October

text: During

text: this

text: Cold

text: War

text: era

text: NATO

text: aligned

text: West

text: Germany

text: and

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: aligned

text: East

text: Germany

text: were

text: divided

text: by

text: the

text: Inner

text: German

text: border

text: After

text: West

text: Berlin

text: was

text: physically

text: separated

text: from

text: East

text: Berlin

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: from

text: East

text: Germany

text: by

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: This

text: situation

text: ended

text: when

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: dissolved

text: and

text: its

text: five

text: states

text: joined

text: the

text: ten

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: reunified

text: city

text: state

text: of

text: Berlin

text: With

text: the

text: reunification

text: of

text: West

text: and

text: East

text: Germany

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: enlarged

text: now

text: to

text: sixteen

text: states

text: became

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Germany

text: This

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Bonn

text: Republic

text: Bonner

text: Republik

text: by

text: historians

text: alluding

text: to

text: the

text: interwar

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: and

text: the

text: post

text: reunification

text: Berlin

text: Republic

text: Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Germany

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: states

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Located

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: rivers

text: Spree

text: and

text: Havel

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Brandenburg

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: about

text: million

text: residents

text: from

text: more

text: than

text: nations

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Plain

text: Berlin

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: Around

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: forests

text: parks

text: gardens

text: rivers

text: and

text: lakes

text: The German reunification was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR/East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG/West Germany) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity, celebrated on 3 October (German Unity Day). Following German reunification, Berlin was once again designated as the capital of united Germany.

text: The

text: German

text: reunification

text: was

text: the

text: process

text: in

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: GDR

text: East

text: Germany

text: joined

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: FRG

text: West

text: Germany

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: reunited

text: nation

text: of

text: Germany

text: and

text: when

text: Berlin

text: reunited

text: into

text: single

text: city

text: as

text: provided

text: by

text: its

text: then

text: Grundgesetz

text: constitution

text: Article

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: unification

text: process

text: is

text: officially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: German

text: unity

text: celebrated

text: on

text: October

text: German

text: Unity

text: Day

text: Following

text: German

text: reunification

text: Berlin

text: was

text: once

text: again

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: united

text: Germany

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: The inner German border (or "deutsch-deutsche Grenze"; initially also "Zonengrenze") was the border between the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG, West Germany) from 1949 to 1990. Not including the similar but physically separate Berlin Wall, the border was long and ran from the Baltic Sea to Czechoslovakia.

text: The

text: inner

text: German

text: border

text: or

text: deutsch

text: deutsche

text: Grenze

text: initially

text: also

text: Zonengrenze

text: was

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: GDR

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: FRG

text: West

text: Germany

text: from

text: to

text: Not

text: including

text: the

text: similar

text: but

text: physically

text: separate

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: the

text: border

text: was

text: long

text: and

text: ran

text: from

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: to

text: Czechoslovakia

text:
Weimar Republic is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. The official name of the state was still "Deutsches Reich"; it had remained unchanged since 1871. In English the country was usually known simply as Germany.
A national assembly was convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the "Deutsches Reich" was written, and adopted on 11 August 1919. In its fourteen years, the Weimar Republic faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremism (with paramilitaries  both left- and right-wing); and contentious relationships with the victors of the First World War. The people of Germany blamed the Weimar Republic rather than their wartime leaders for the country's defeat and for the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles. However, the Weimar Republic government successfully reformed the currency, unified tax policies, and organized the railway system. Weimar Germany eliminated most of the requirements of the Treaty of Versailles; it never completely met its disarmament requirements, and eventually paid only a small portion of the war reparations (by twice restructuring its debt through the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan). Under the Locarno Treaties, Germany accepted the western borders of the republic, but continued to dispute the Eastern border.

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: is

text: an

text: unofficial

text: historical

text: designation

text: for

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: name

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Weimar

text: where

text: its

text: constitutional

text: assembly

text: first

text: took

text: place

text: The

text: official

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: still

text: Deutsches

text: Reich

text: it

text: had

text: remained

text: unchanged

text: since

text: In

text: English

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: usually

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Germany

text: national

text: assembly

text: was

text: convened

text: in

text: Weimar

text: where

text: new

text: constitution

text: for

text: the

text: Deutsches

text: Reich

text: was

text: written

text: and

text: adopted

text: on

text: August

text: In

text: its

text: fourteen

text: years

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: faced

text: numerous

text: problems

text: including

text: hyperinflation

text: political

text: extremism

text: with

text: paramilitaries

text: both

text: left-

text: and

text: right

text: wing

text: and

text: contentious

text: relationships

text: with

text: the

text: victors

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: The

text: people

text: of

text: Germany

text: blamed

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: rather

text: than

text: their

text: wartime

text: leaders

text: for

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: defeat

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: humiliating

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: However

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: government

text: successfully

text: reformed

text: the

text: currency

text: unified

text: tax

text: policies

text: and

text: organized

text: the

text: railway

text: system

text: Weimar

text: Germany

text: eliminated

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: requirements

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: it

text: never

text: completely

text: met

text: its

text: disarmament

text: requirements

text: and

text: eventually

text: paid

text: only

text: small

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: reparations

text: by

text: twice

text: restructuring

text: its

text: debt

text: through

text: the

text: Dawes

text: Plan

text: and

text: the

text: Young

text: Plan

text: Under

text: the

text: Locarno

text: Treaties

text: Germany

text: accepted

text: the

text: western

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: republic

text: but

text: continued

text: to

text: dispute

text: the

text: Eastern

text: border

annotations: likely single

question: member_of_political_party walter rauff

answer: nazi party

text: nazi party

text: nazi party

text: nazi party

text: nazi party

text: nazi party

text: nazi party

text: nazi party


text: A primate city (Latin: "prime, first rank") is the largest city in its country or region, disproportionately larger than any others in the urban hierarchy. A 'primate city distribution' is a rank-size distribution that has one very large city with many much smaller cities and towns, and no intermediate-sized urban centres: a King effect, visible as an outlier on an otherwise linear graph, when the rest of the data fit a power law or stretched exponential function. The 'law of the primate city' was first proposed by the geographer Mark Jefferson in 1939. He defines a primate city as being "at least twice as large as the next largest city and more than twice as significant." A primate city is number one in its country in most aspects, like politics, economy, media, culture and universities.

text: primate

text: city

text: Latin

text: prime

text: first

text: rank

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: its

text: country

text: or

text: region

text: disproportionately

text: larger

text: than

text: any

text: others

text: in

text: the

text: urban

text: hierarchy

text: primate

text: city

text: distribution

text: is

text: rank

text: size

text: distribution

text: that

text: has

text: one

text: very

text: large

text: city

text: with

text: many

text: much

text: smaller

text: cities

text: and

text: towns

text: and

text: no

text: intermediate

text: sized

text: urban

text: centres

text: King

text: effect

text: visible

text: as

text: an

text: outlier

text: on

text: an

text: otherwise

text: linear

text: graph

text: when

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: data

text: fit

text: power

text: law

text: or

text: stretched

text: exponential

text: function

text: The

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: primate

text: city

text: was

text: first

text: proposed

text: by

text: the

text: geographer

text: Mark

text: Jefferson

text: in

text: He

text: defines

text: primate

text: city

text: as

text: being

text: at

text: least

text: twice

text: as

text: large

text: as

text: the

text: next

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: twice

text: as

text: significant

text: primate

text: city

text: is

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: its

text: country

text: in

text: most

text: aspects

text: like

text: politics

text: economy

text: media

text: culture

text: and

text: universities

text: CapeNature (officially the Western Cape Nature Conservation Board) is a governmental organisation responsible for maintaining wilderness areas and public nature reserves in Western Cape Province, South Africa.

text: CapeNature

text: officially

text: the

text: Western

text: Cape

text: Nature

text: Conservation

text: Board

text: is

text: governmental

text: organisation

text: responsible

text: for

text: maintaining

text: wilderness

text: areas

text: and

text: public

text: nature

text: reserves

text: in

text: Western

text: Cape

text: Province

text: South

text: Africa

text: The Western Cape is a province of South Africa, situated in the south-western part of the country. It is the fourth largest of the nine provinces in terms of both area and population, with an area of and 5.8 million inhabitants. About two-thirds of these inhabitants live in the metropolitan area of Cape Town, which is also the provincial capital. The Western Cape was created in 1994 from part of the former Cape Province.

text: The

text: Western

text: Cape

text: is

text: province

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: provinces

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: About

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: these

text: inhabitants

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: Cape

text: Town

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: The

text: Western

text: Cape

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: from

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Cape

text: Province

text: Cape Town is a coastal city in South Africa. It is the second-most populous urban area in South Africa after Johannesburg. It is also the capital and primate city of the Western Cape province.

text: Cape

text: Town

text: is

text: coastal

text: city

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: after

text: Johannesburg

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: primate

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Cape

text: province

text: A nature reserve (natural reserve, bioreserve, (natural/nature) preserve or (national/nature) conserve) is a protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. Nature reserves fall into different IUCN categories depending on the level of protection afforded by local laws.

text: nature

text: reserve

text: natural

text: reserve

text: bioreserve

text: natural

text: nature

text: preserve

text: or

text: national

text: nature

text: conserve

text: is

text: protected

text: area

text: of

text: importance

text: for

text: wildlife

text: flora

text: fauna

text: or

text: features

text: of

text: geological

text: or

text: other

text: special

text: interest

text: which

text: is

text: reserved

text: and

text: managed

text: for

text: conservation

text: and

text: to

text: provide

text: special

text: opportunities

text: for

text: study

text: or

text: research

text: Nature

text: reserves

text: may

text: be

text: designated

text: by

text: government

text: institutions

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: or

text: by

text: private

text: landowners

text: such

text: as

text: charities

text: and

text: research

text: institutions

text: regardless

text: of

text: nationality

text: Nature

text: reserves

text: fall

text: into

text: different

text: IUCN

text: categories

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: protection

text: afforded

text: by

text: local

text: laws

text: Protected areas or conservation areas are locations which receive protection because of their recognized natural, ecological and/or cultural values. There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organisations involved. The term "protected area" also includes Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and Transboundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes. There are over 161,000 protected areas in the world (as of October 2010) with more added daily, representing between 10 and 15 percent of the world's land surface area. By contrast, only 1.17% of the world's oceans is included in the world's ~6,800 Marine Protected Areas.

text: Protected

text: areas

text: or

text: conservation

text: areas

text: are

text: locations

text: which

text: receive

text: protection

text: because

text: of

text: their

text: recognized

text: natural

text: ecological

text: and/or

text: cultural

text: values

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: kinds

text: of

text: protected

text: areas

text: which

text: vary

text: by

text: level

text: of

text: protection

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: enabling

text: laws

text: of

text: each

text: country

text: or

text: the

text: regulations

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: organisations

text: involved

text: The

text: term

text: protected

text: area

text: also

text: includes

text: Marine

text: Protected

text: Areas

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: which

text: will

text: include

text: some

text: area

text: of

text: ocean

text: and

text: Transboundary

text: Protected

text: Areas

text: that

text: overlap

text: multiple

text: countries

text: which

text: remove

text: the

text: borders

text: inside

text: the

text: area

text: for

text: conservation

text: and

text: economic

text: purposes

text: There

text: are

text: over

text: protected

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: of

text: October

text: with

text: more

text: added

text: daily

text: representing

text: between

text: and

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: land

text: surface

text: area

text: By

text: contrast

text: only

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: is

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: Marine

text: Protected

text: Areas

text: The Cederberg mountains ( Afrikaans : Sederberg ) and nature reserve are located near Clanwilliam , approximately 300 km north of Cape Town , South Africa at about 32 ° 30  S 19 ° 0  E. The mountain range is named after the endangered Clanwilliam Cedar ( Widdringtonia cedarbergensis ) , which is a tree endemic to the area . The mountains are noted for dramatic rock formations and San rock art. The Cederberg Wilderness Area is administered by CapeNature . Cederberg is now the generally accepted spelling for the area , which combines the English ( Cedarberg ) and Afrikaans ( Sederberg ) variants .

text: The

text: Cederberg

text: mountains

text: Afrikaans

text: Sederberg

text: and

text: nature

text: reserve

text: are

text: located

text: near

text: Clanwilliam

text: approximately

text: km

text: north

text: of

text: Cape

text: Town

text: South

text: Africa

text: at

text: about

text: The

text: mountain

text: range

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: endangered

text: Clanwilliam

text: Cedar

text: Widdringtonia

text: cedarbergensis

text: which

text: is

text: tree

text: endemic

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: mountains

text: are

text: noted

text: for

text: dramatic

text: rock

text: formations

text: and

text: San

text: rock

text: art

text: The

text: Cederberg

text: Wilderness

text: Area

text: is

text: administered

text: by

text: CapeNature

text: Cederberg

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: generally

text: accepted

text: spelling

text: for

text: the

text: area

text: which

text: combines

text: the

text: English

text: Cedarberg

text: and

text: Afrikaans

text: Sederberg

text: variants

text: South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. It is the only country that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry.

text: South

text: Africa

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: RSA

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: of

text: coastline

text: of

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: stretching

text: along

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Indian

text: Oceans

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: of

text: Namibia

text: Botswana

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: Mozambique

text: and

text: Swaziland

text: and

text: surrounding

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Lesotho

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: with

text: close

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: nation

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: or

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: that

text: borders

text: both

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: About

text: percent

text: of

text: South

text: Africans

text: are

text: of

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: African

text: ancestry

text: divided

text: among

text: variety

text: of

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: speaking

text: different

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: nine

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: official

text: status

text: The

text: remaining

text: population

text: consists

text: of

text: Africa

text: 's

text: largest

text: communities

text: of

text: European

text: white

text: Asian

text: Indian

text: and

text: multiracial

text: coloured

text: ancestry

text: Johannesburg (also known as Jozi, Joburg and eGoli) is the largest city in South Africa and is one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world. It is the provincial capital of Gauteng, which is the wealthiest province in South Africa. While Johannesburg is not one of South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the Constitutional Court. The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade.

text: Johannesburg

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Jozi

text: Joburg

text: and

text: eGoli

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: Gauteng

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: province

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: While

text: Johannesburg

text: is

text: not

text: one

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: three

text: capital

text: cities

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: mineral

text: rich

text: Witwatersrand

text: range

text: of

text: hills

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: large

text: scale

text: gold

text: and

text: diamond

text: trade

text: Research comprises "creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humans, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications." It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. A research project may also be an expansion on past work in the field. Research projects can be used to develop further knowledge on a topic, or in the example of a school research project, they can be used to further a student's research prowess to prepare them for future jobs or reports. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. Approaches to research depend on epistemologies, which vary considerably both within and between humanities and sciences. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, practitioner research, life, technological,etc.

text: Research

text: comprises

text: creative

text: work

text: undertaken

text: on

text: systematic

text: basis

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: increase

text: the

text: stock

text: of

text: knowledge

text: including

text: knowledge

text: of

text: humans

text: culture

text: and

text: society

text: and

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: this

text: stock

text: of

text: knowledge

text: to

text: devise

text: new

text: applications

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: establish

text: or

text: confirm

text: facts

text: reaffirm

text: the

text: results

text: of

text: previous

text: work

text: solve

text: new

text: or

text: existing

text: problems

text: support

text: theorems

text: or

text: develop

text: new

text: theories

text: research

text: project

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: an

text: expansion

text: on

text: past

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: Research

text: projects

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: develop

text: further

text: knowledge

text: on

text: topic

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: example

text: of

text: school

text: research

text: project

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: further

text: student

text: 's

text: research

text: prowess

text: to

text: prepare

text: them

text: for

text: future

text: jobs

text: or

text: reports

text: To

text: test

text: the

text: validity

text: of

text: instruments

text: procedures

text: or

text: experiments

text: research

text: may

text: replicate

text: elements

text: of

text: prior

text: projects

text: or

text: the

text: project

text: as

text: whole

text: The

text: primary

text: purposes

text: of

text: basic

text: research

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: applied

text: research

text: are

text: documentation

text: discovery

text: interpretation

text: or

text: the

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: R&D

text: of

text: methods

text: and

text: systems

text: for

text: the

text: advancement

text: of

text: human

text: knowledge

text: Approaches

text: to

text: research

text: depend

text: on

text: epistemologies

text: which

text: vary

text: considerably

text: both

text: within

text: and

text: between

text: humanities

text: and

text: sciences

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: forms

text: of

text: research

text: scientific

text: humanities

text: artistic

text: economic

text: social

text: business

text: marketing

text: practitioner

text: research

text: life

text: technological

text: etc

text: Institutions are "stable, valued, recurring patterns of behavior". As structures or mechanisms of social order, they govern the behaviour of a set of individuals within a given community. Institutions are identified with a social purpose, transcending individuals and intentions by mediating the rules that govern living behavior.

text: Institutions

text: are

text: stable

text: valued

text: recurring

text: patterns

text: of

text: behavior

text: As

text: structures

text: or

text: mechanisms

text: of

text: social

text: order

text: they

text: govern

text: the

text: behaviour

text: of

text: set

text: of

text: individuals

text: within

text: given

text: community

text: Institutions

text: are

text: identified

text: with

text: social

text: purpose

text: transcending

text: individuals

text: and

text: intentions

text: by

text: mediating

text: the

text: rules

text: that

text: govern

text: living

text: behavior

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity cederberg

answer: western cape

text: western cape

text: western cape

text: western cape

text: western cape

text: western cape