text: Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponent's net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six players each: one goaltender, and five players who skate up and down the ice trying to take the puck and score a goal against the opposing team.

text: Ice

text: hockey

text: is

text: contact

text: team

text: sport

text: played

text: on

text: ice

text: usually

text: in

text: rink

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: teams

text: of

text: skaters

text: use

text: their

text: sticks

text: to

text: shoot

text: vulcanized

text: rubber

text: puck

text: into

text: their

text: opponent

text: 's

text: net

text: to

text: score

text: points

text: Ice

text: hockey

text: teams

text: usually

text: consist

text: of

text: six

text: players

text: each

text: one

text: goaltender

text: and

text: five

text: players

text: who

text: skate

text: up

text: and

text: down

text: the

text: ice

text: trying

text: to

text: take

text: the

text: puck

text: and

text: score

text: goal

text: against

text: the

text: opposing

text: team

text: Andrei Viktorovich Nazarov (born May 22, 1974) is a former Russian professional ice hockey player. He has formerly managed the Kazakh team Barys Astana (of the Kontinental Hockey League's Chernyshev Division), the Ukrainian national team and been joint coach of the Russian National Hockey Team . He has been nicknamed "The Russian Bear", and in his coaching career, "The Russian Keenan".

text: Andrei

text: Viktorovich

text: Nazarov

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: former

text: Russian

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: player

text: He

text: has

text: formerly

text: managed

text: the

text: Kazakh

text: team

text: Barys

text: Astana

text: of

text: the

text: Kontinental

text: Hockey

text: League

text: 's

text: Chernyshev

text: Division

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: national

text: team

text: and

text: been

text: joint

text: coach

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: National

text: Hockey

text: Team

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: nicknamed

text: The

text: Russian

text: Bear

text: and

text: in

text: his

text: coaching

text: career

text: The

text: Russian

text: Keenan

text: Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.

text: Finland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Finland

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: peninsula

text: with

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Sweden

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Estonia

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Finland

text: is

text: Nordic

text: country

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: Fennoscandia

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: Scandinavia

text: Finland

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: staying

text: roughly

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: level

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: two

text: decades

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.

text: Belarus

text: lat

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Belarus

text: formerly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Russian

text: name

text: Byelorussia

text: though

text: this

text: name

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: used

text: in

text: Belarus

text: itself

text: even

text: in

text: Russian

text: language

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Minsk

text: Over

text: of

text: its

text: is

text: forested

text: Its

text: strongest

text: economic

text: sectors

text: are

text: service

text: industries

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: different

text: states

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: controlled

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Belarus

text: including

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: to

text: centuries

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is an international professional ice hockey league founded in 2008. It comprises 29 member clubs based in Belarus, China, Croatia, Finland, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Russia, and Slovakia and it is planned to expand to more countries. It is widely considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in Europe and Asia, and second in the world behind the NHL.

text: The

text: Kontinental

text: Hockey

text: League

text: KHL

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: league

text: founded

text: in

text: It

text: comprises

text: member

text: clubs

text: based

text: in

text: Belarus

text: China

text: Croatia

text: Finland

text: Kazakhstan

text: Latvia

text: Russia

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: planned

text: to

text: expand

text: to

text: more

text: countries

text: It

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: premier

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: league

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: and

text: second

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: behind

text: the

text: NHL

text: Hockey Club Barys, commonly referred to as Barys Astana or simply Barys, is a professional ice hockey team based in Astana, Kazakhstan. It is one of the founding members of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). They play in the league's Chernyshev Division of the Eastern Conference. Their home arena is the Barys Arena, where they starting to play in the 201516 KHL season. Prior to 2015, the team played its home games at the Kazakhstan Sports Palace for 14 seasons, beginning in 2001. The head coach is Andrei Nazarov and the president is Alexander Koreshkov.

text: Hockey

text: Club

text: Barys

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Barys

text: Astana

text: or

text: simply

text: Barys

text: is

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Astana

text: Kazakhstan

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founding

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Kontinental

text: Hockey

text: League

text: KHL

text: They

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: Chernyshev

text: Division

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Conference

text: Their

text: home

text: arena

text: is

text: the

text: Barys

text: Arena

text: where

text: they

text: starting

text: to

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: KHL

text: season

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: team

text: played

text: its

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: the

text: Kazakhstan

text: Sports

text: Palace

text: for

text: seasons

text: beginning

text: in

text: The

text: head

text: coach

text: is

text: Andrei

text: Nazarov

text: and

text: the

text: president

text: is

text: Alexander

text: Koreshkov

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Ice is water frozen into a solid state. Depending on the presence of impurities such as particles of soil or bubbles of air, it can appear transparent or a more or less opaque bluish-white color.

text: Ice

text: is

text: water

text: frozen

text: into

text: solid

text: state

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: impurities

text: such

text: as

text: particles

text: of

text: soil

text: or

text: bubbles

text: of

text: air

text: it

text: can

text: appear

text: transparent

text: or

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: opaque

text: bluish

text: white

text: color

text: Dmitri Sergeyevich Upper ( Russian :    ; born July 27 , 1978 ) is a Kazakhstani professional ice hockey center who currently serves as captain of the Barys Astana of the Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) . He also holds Russian citizenship .

text: Dmitri

text: Sergeyevich

text: Upper

text: Russian

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: Kazakhstani

text: professional

text: ice

text: hockey

text: center

text: who

text: currently

text: serves

text: as

text: captain

text: of

text: the

text: Barys

text: Astana

text: of

text: the

text: Kontinental

text: Hockey

text: League

text: KHL

text: He

text: also

text: holds

text: Russian

text: citizenship

text: Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a sovereign state between Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean. Its capital city is Zagreb, which forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with its twenty counties. Croatia covers and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.28 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.

text: Croatia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Croatia

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: between

text: Central

text: Europe

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Zagreb

text: which

text: forms

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: primary

text: subdivisions

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: twenty

text: counties

text: Croatia

text: covers

text: and

text: has

text: diverse

text: mostly

text: continental

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climates

text: Croatia

text: 's

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: coast

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: thousand

text: islands

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: Croats

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: religious

text: denomination

text: being

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory spans about and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak, a member of the Slavic language family.

text: Slovakia

text: officially

text: the

text: Slovak

text: Republic

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Hungary

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Slovakia

text: 's

text: territory

text: spans

text: about

text: and

text: is

text: mostly

text: mountainous

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: over

text: million

text: and

text: comprises

text: mostly

text: ethnic

text: Slovaks

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Bratislava

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: Slovak

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Slavic

text: language

text: family

text: In ice hockey, the goaltender is the player responsible for preventing the hockey puck from entering their team's net, thus preventing the opposing team from scoring. The goaltender usually plays in or near the area in front of the net called the "goal crease" (often referred to simply as " the crease" or "the net"). Goaltenders tend to stay at or beyond the top of the crease to cut down on the angle of shots. In today's age of goaltending there are two common styles, butterfly and hybrid (hybrid is a mix of the traditional stand-up style and butterfly technique). Because of the power of shots, the goaltender wears special equipment designed to protect the body from direct impact. The goalie is one of the most valuable players on the ice, as their performance can greatly change the outcome or score of the game. One-on-one situations, such as breakaways and shootouts, have the tendency to highlight a goaltender's pure skill, or lack thereof. Only one goaltender is allowed to be on the ice for each team at any given time.

text: In

text: ice

text: hockey

text: the

text: goaltender

text: is

text: the

text: player

text: responsible

text: for

text: preventing

text: the

text: hockey

text: puck

text: from

text: entering

text: their

text: team

text: 's

text: net

text: thus

text: preventing

text: the

text: opposing

text: team

text: from

text: scoring

text: The

text: goaltender

text: usually

text: plays

text: in

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: area

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: the

text: net

text: called

text: the

text: goal

text: crease

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: crease

text: or

text: the

text: net

text: Goaltenders

text: tend

text: to

text: stay

text: at

text: or

text: beyond

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: crease

text: to

text: cut

text: down

text: on

text: the

text: angle

text: of

text: shots

text: In

text: today

text: 's

text: age

text: of

text: goaltending

text: there

text: are

text: two

text: common

text: styles

text: butterfly

text: and

text: hybrid

text: hybrid

text: is

text: mix

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: stand

text: up

text: style

text: and

text: butterfly

text: technique

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: shots

text: the

text: goaltender

text: wears

text: special

text: equipment

text: designed

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: body

text: from

text: direct

text: impact

text: The

text: goalie

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: valuable

text: players

text: on

text: the

text: ice

text: as

text: their

text: performance

text: can

text: greatly

text: change

text: the

text: outcome

text: or

text: score

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: One

text: on

text: one

text: situations

text: such

text: as

text: breakaways

text: and

text: shootouts

text: have

text: the

text: tendency

text: to

text: highlight

text: goaltender

text: 's

text: pure

text: skill

text: or

text: lack

text: thereof

text: Only

text: one

text: goaltender

text: is

text: allowed

text: to

text: be

text: on

text: the

text: ice

text: for

text: each

text: team

text: at

text: any

text: given

text: time

text: The KHL's Chernyshev Division was formed in 2008 as part of the league's inauguration. It is one of 4 divisions and part of the Eastern conference since the second season of KHL when the conferences were established. It is named in honor of Arkady Chernyshev; Soviet Master of Sports, IIHF Hall of Fame inductee and former Dynamo Moscow head coach.

text: The

text: KHL

text: 's

text: Chernyshev

text: Division

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: league

text: 's

text: inauguration

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: divisions

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: conference

text: since

text: the

text: second

text: season

text: of

text: KHL

text: when

text: the

text: conferences

text: were

text: established

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: Arkady

text: Chernyshev

text: Soviet

text: Master

text: of

text: Sports

text: IIHF

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: inductee

text: and

text: former

text: Dynamo

text: Moscow

text: head

text: coach

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

question: occupation dmitri upper

answer: ice hockey player

text: ice hockey player


text: Rolf Julin ( 14 April 1918 -- 26 July 1997 ) was a Swedish water polo player . He was part of the Swedish team that finished fifth at the 1948 Summer Olympics . His father Harald and younger brother Åke were also Olympic water polo players .

text: Rolf

text: Julin

text: April

text: July

text: was

text: Swedish

text: water

text: polo

text: player

text: He

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swedish

text: team

text: that

text: finished

text: fifth

text: at

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: His

text: father

text: Harald

text: and

text: younger

text: brother

text: Åke

text: were

text: also

text: Olympic

text: water

text: polo

text: players

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Tokyo, officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world. It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government. Tokyo is in the Kant region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters. It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .

text: Tokyo

text: officially

text: Tokyo

text: Metropolis

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Japan

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: prefectures

text: The

text: Greater

text: Tokyo

text: Area

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: Japanese

text: government

text: Tokyo

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Kant

text: region

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: island

text: Honshu

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: Izu

text: Islands

text: and

text: Ogasawara

text: Islands

text: Formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Edo

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: since

text: when

text: Shogun

text: Tokugawa

text: Ieyasu

text: made

text: the

text: city

text: his

text: headquarters

text: It

text: officially

text: became

text: the

text: capital

text: after

text: Emperor

text: Meiji

text: moved

text: his

text: seat

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: the

text: old

text: capital

text: of

text: Kyoto

text: in

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: Edo

text: was

text: renamed

text: Tokyo

text: Tokyo

text: Metropolis

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: and

text: the

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: Helsinki  is the capital and largest city of Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland. Helsinki has a population of , an urban population of 1,214,210, and a metropolitan population of over 1.4 million, making it the most populous municipality and urban area in Finland. Helsinki is located some north of Tallinn, Estonia, east of Stockholm, Sweden, and west of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Helsinki has close historical connections with these three cities.

text: Helsinki

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Finland

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Uusimaa

text: in

text: southern

text: Finland

text: on

text: the

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Helsinki

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: an

text: urban

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: and

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: Finland

text: Helsinki

text: is

text: located

text: some

text: north

text: of

text: Tallinn

text: Estonia

text: east

text: of

text: Stockholm

text: Sweden

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Russia

text: Helsinki

text: has

text: close

text: historical

text: connections

text: with

text: these

text: three

text: cities

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in London, England, United Kingdom. After a 12-year hiatus because of World War II, these were the first Summer Olympics since the 1936 Games in Berlin. The 1940 Games had been scheduled for Tokyo, and then for Helsinki; the 1944 Games had been provisionally planned for London. This was the second occasion that London had hosted the Olympic Games, having previously been the venue in 1908. The Olympics again returned to London in 2012, making it thus far the only city to host the games three times. These were the first of two summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Sigfrid Edström.

text: The

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Games

text: of

text: the

text: XIV

text: Olympiad

text: were

text: an

text: international

text: multi

text: sport

text: event

text: which

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: London

text: England

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: After

text: hiatus

text: because

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: these

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: since

text: the

text: Games

text: in

text: Berlin

text: The

text: Games

text: had

text: been

text: scheduled

text: for

text: Tokyo

text: and

text: then

text: for

text: Helsinki

text: the

text: Games

text: had

text: been

text: provisionally

text: planned

text: for

text: London

text: This

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: occasion

text: that

text: London

text: had

text: hosted

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: having

text: previously

text: been

text: the

text: venue

text: in

text: The

text: Olympics

text: again

text: returned

text: to

text: London

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: thus

text: far

text: the

text: only

text: city

text: to

text: host

text: the

text: games

text: three

text: times

text: These

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: two

text: summer

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: under

text: the

text: IOC

text: presidency

text: of

text: Sigfrid

text: Edström

text: Johannes Sigfrid Edström (November 11, 1870  March 18, 1964) was a Swedish industrialist, chairman of the Sweden-America Foundation, and 4th President of the International Olympic Committee.

text: Johannes

text: Sigfrid

text: Edström

text: November

text: March

text: was

text: Swedish

text: industrialist

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Sweden

text: America

text: Foundation

text: and

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Olympic

text: Committee

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely single

question: country_of_citizenship rolf julin

answer: sweden

text: sweden

text: sweden


text: Philosophy (from Greek , "philosophia", literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras (c. 570  c. 495 BC). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument and systematic presentation. Classic philosophical questions include: Is it possible to know anything and to prove it? What is most real? However, philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as: Is there a best way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust (if one can get away with it)? Do humans have free will?

text: Philosophy

text: from

text: Greek

text: philosophia

text: literally

text: love

text: of

text: wisdom

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: general

text: and

text: fundamental

text: problems

text: concerning

text: matters

text: such

text: as

text: existence

text: knowledge

text: values

text: reason

text: mind

text: and

text: language

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: probably

text: coined

text: by

text: Pythagoras

text: BC

text: Philosophical

text: methods

text: include

text: questioning

text: critical

text: discussion

text: rational

text: argument

text: and

text: systematic

text: presentation

text: Classic

text: philosophical

text: questions

text: include

text: Is

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: know

text: anything

text: and

text: to

text: prove

text: it

text: What

text: is

text: most

text: real

text: However

text: philosophers

text: might

text: also

text: pose

text: more

text: practical

text: and

text: concrete

text: questions

text: such

text: as

text: Is

text: there

text: best

text: way

text: to

text: live

text: Is

text: it

text: better

text: to

text: be

text: just

text: or

text: unjust

text: if

text: one

text: can

text: get

text: away

text: with

text: it

text: Do

text: humans

text: have

text: free

text: will

text: Damascius (458  after 538), known as "the last of the Neoplatonists," was the last scholarch of the School of Athens. He was one of the pagan philosophers persecuted by Justinian in the early 6th century, and was forced for a time to seek refuge in the Persian court, before being allowed back into the Empire. His surviving works consist of three commentaries on the works of Plato, and a metaphysical text entitled "Difficulties and Solutions of First Principles".

text: Damascius

text: after

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: Neoplatonists

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: scholarch

text: of

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: Athens

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: pagan

text: philosophers

text: persecuted

text: by

text: Justinian

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: and

text: was

text: forced

text: for

text: time

text: to

text: seek

text: refuge

text: in

text: the

text: Persian

text: court

text: before

text: being

text: allowed

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: Empire

text: His

text: surviving

text: works

text: consist

text: of

text: three

text: commentaries

text: on

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Plato

text: and

text: metaphysical

text: text

text: entitled

text: Difficulties

text: and

text: Solutions

text: of

text: First

text: Principles

text: Alexandria (or ; Arabic: '; '; "") is the second largest city and a major economic centre in Egypt, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is Egypt's largest seaport, serving approximately 80% of Egypt's imports and exports. It is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also an important tourist destination.

text: Alexandria

text: or

text: Arabic

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: major

text: economic

text: centre

text: in

text: Egypt

text: extending

text: about

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Its

text: low

text: elevation

text: on

text: the

text: Nile

text: delta

text: makes

text: it

text: highly

text: vulnerable

text: to

text: rising

text: sea

text: levels

text: Alexandria

text: is

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: largest

text: seaport

text: serving

text: approximately

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: imports

text: and

text: exports

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: industrial

text: center

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: natural

text: gas

text: and

text: oil

text: pipelines

text: from

text: Suez

text: Alexandria

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: important

text: tourist

text: destination

text: The Nile ( "en-Nl",  "an-Nl" "P(h)iaro"; Ancient Egyptian: "'p" and "Iteru"; Biblical Hebrew: , "Ha-Ye'or") is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It is generally regarded as the longest river in the world, however other conflicting sources cite a 2007 study that gave the title to the Amazon River in South America. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an "international" river as its water resources are shared by eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.

text: The

text: Nile

text: en

text: Nl

text: an

text: Nl

text: P(h)iaro

text: Ancient

text: Egyptian

text: and

text: Iteru

text: Biblical

text: Hebrew

text: Ha

text: Ye'or

text: is

text: major

text: north

text: flowing

text: river

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: however

text: other

text: conflicting

text: sources

text: cite

text: study

text: that

text: gave

text: the

text: title

text: to

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: The

text: Nile

text: which

text: is

text: km

text: miles

text: long

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: river

text: as

text: its

text: water

text: resources

text: are

text: shared

text: by

text: eleven

text: countries

text: namely

text: Tanzania

text: Uganda

text: Rwanda

text: Burundi

text: Congo

text: Kinshasa

text: Kenya

text: Ethiopia

text: Eritrea

text: South

text: Sudan

text: Sudan

text: and

text: Egypt

text: In

text: particular

text: the

text: Nile

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: water

text: source

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Sudan

text: Proclus Lycaeus (8 February 412  17 April 485 AD), called the Successor (Greek , "Próklos ho Diádokhos"), was a Greek Neoplatonist philosopher, one of the last major Classical philosophers (see Damascius). He set forth one of the most elaborate and fully developed systems of Neoplatonism. He stands near the end of the classical development of philosophy, and was very influential on Western medieval philosophy (Greek and Latin).

text: Proclus

text: Lycaeus

text: February

text: April

text: AD

text: called

text: the

text: Successor

text: Greek

text: Próklos

text: ho

text: Diádokhos

text: was

text: Greek

text: Neoplatonist

text: philosopher

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: major

text: Classical

text: philosophers

text: see

text: Damascius

text: He

text: set

text: forth

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: elaborate

text: and

text: fully

text: developed

text: systems

text: of

text: Neoplatonism

text: He

text: stands

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: development

text: of

text: philosophy

text: and

text: was

text: very

text: influential

text: on

text: Western

text: medieval

text: philosophy

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium. It is formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years. The energy that the plants originally obtained from the sun is stored in the form of chemical bonds in the gas.

text: Natural

text: gas

text: is

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: hydrocarbon

text: gas

text: mixture

text: consisting

text: primarily

text: of

text: methane

text: but

text: commonly

text: including

text: varying

text: amounts

text: of

text: other

text: higher

text: alkanes

text: and

text: sometimes

text: small

text: percentage

text: of

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: nitrogen

text: hydrogen

text: sulfide

text: or

text: helium

text: It

text: is

text: formed

text: when

text: layers

text: of

text: decomposing

text: plant

text: and

text: animal

text: matter

text: are

text: exposed

text: to

text: intense

text: heat

text: and

text: pressure

text: under

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: over

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: The

text: energy

text: that

text: the

text: plants

text: originally

text: obtained

text: from

text: the

text: sun

text: is

text: stored

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: in

text: the

text: gas

text: Arabic (' or ' ) is a Central Semitic language that was first spoken in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the "lingua franca" of the Arab world. Arabic also is a liturgical language of 1.7 billion Muslims. It is one of six official languages of the United Nations. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, and from northwestern Arabia to the Sinai in the south.

text: Arabic

text: or

text: is

text: Central

text: Semitic

text: language

text: that

text: was

text: first

text: spoken

text: in

text: Iron

text: Age

text: northwestern

text: Arabia

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: lingua

text: franca

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: Arabic

text: also

text: is

text: liturgical

text: language

text: of

text: billion

text: Muslims

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: six

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Arabs

text: term

text: initially

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: peoples

text: living

text: from

text: Mesopotamia

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: to

text: the

text: Anti

text: Lebanon

text: mountains

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: from

text: northwestern

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: Sinai

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Olympiodorus the Elder ( Greek :  ) was a 5th - century neoplatonist who taught in Alexandria , in the late years of the Western Roman Empire . He is most famous for being the teacher of the important Neoplatonist Proclus ( 412 -- 485 ) , whom Olympiodorus wanted his own daughter to marry . He lectured on Aristotle with considerable success . Owing to the rapidity of his utterance and the difficulty of the subjects on which he treated , he was understood by very few . When his lectures were concluded , Proclus used to repeat the topics treated of in them for the benefit of those pupils who were slower in catching the meaning of their master . Olympiodorus had the reputation for being an eloquent man and a profound thinker . Nothing of his has come down to us in a written form .

text: Olympiodorus

text: the

text: Elder

text: Greek

text: was

text: century

text: neoplatonist

text: who

text: taught

text: in

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: years

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: He

text: is

text: most

text: famous

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: teacher

text: of

text: the

text: important

text: Neoplatonist

text: Proclus

text: whom

text: Olympiodorus

text: wanted

text: his

text: own

text: daughter

text: to

text: marry

text: He

text: lectured

text: on

text: Aristotle

text: with

text: considerable

text: success

text: Owing

text: to

text: the

text: rapidity

text: of

text: his

text: utterance

text: and

text: the

text: difficulty

text: of

text: the

text: subjects

text: on

text: which

text: he

text: treated

text: he

text: was

text: understood

text: by

text: very

text: few

text: When

text: his

text: lectures

text: were

text: concluded

text: Proclus

text: used

text: to

text: repeat

text: the

text: topics

text: treated

text: of

text: in

text: them

text: for

text: the

text: benefit

text: of

text: those

text: pupils

text: who

text: were

text: slower

text: in

text: catching

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: their

text: master

text: Olympiodorus

text: had

text: the

text: reputation

text: for

text: being

text: an

text: eloquent

text: man

text: and

text: profound

text: thinker

text: Nothing

text: of

text: his

text: has

text: come

text: down

text: to

text: us

text: in

text: written

text: form

annotations: follows multiple

question: occupation olympiodorus the elder

answer: philosopher

text: philosopher