text: The United States service academies, also known as the United States military academies, are federal academies for the undergraduate education and training of commissioned officers for the United States Armed Forces.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: service

text: academies

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: military

text: academies

text: are

text: federal

text: academies

text: for

text: the

text: undergraduate

text: education

text: and

text: training

text: of

text: commissioned

text: officers

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: The Rice University athletic teams are known as the Rice Owls. The name comes from the owls in Rice's crest. Rice participates in NCAA Division I athletics and is part of Conference USA. Rice was a member of the Southwest Conference until its breakup in 1996. Rice then joined the Western Athletic Conference before joining C-USA on July 1, 2005. Rice is the fifth-smallest school competing in NCAA Division I FBS football measured by undergraduate enrollment, just above the University of Tulsa's 2,756 and the three FBS United States service academies's approximate 4,500. Rice's sports rivalry include cross-town University of Houston, and Tulane University.

text: The

text: Rice

text: University

text: athletic

text: teams

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Rice

text: Owls

text: The

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: owls

text: in

text: Rice

text: 's

text: crest

text: Rice

text: participates

text: in

text: NCAA

text: Division

text: athletics

text: and

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Conference

text: USA

text: Rice

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Southwest

text: Conference

text: until

text: its

text: breakup

text: in

text: Rice

text: then

text: joined

text: the

text: Western

text: Athletic

text: Conference

text: before

text: joining

text: USA

text: on

text: July

text: Rice

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: smallest

text: school

text: competing

text: in

text: NCAA

text: Division

text: FBS

text: football

text: measured

text: by

text: undergraduate

text: enrollment

text: just

text: above

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Tulsa

text: 's

text: and

text: the

text: three

text: FBS

text: United

text: States

text: service

text: academies

text: 's

text: approximate

text: Rice

text: 's

text: sports

text: rivalry

text: include

text: cross

text: town

text: University

text: of

text: Houston

text: and

text: Tulane

text: University

text: The University of Houston (UH) is a state research university and the flagship institution of the University of Houston System. Founded in 1927, UH is the university in Texas with nearly 43,000 students. Its campus spans 667 acres in southeast Houston, and was known as University of HoustonUniversity Park from 1983 to 1991. The Carnegie Foundation classifies UH as a doctoral degree-granting institution with "highest research activity." The "U.S. News & World Report" ranks the university No. 194 in its National University Rankings, and No. 103 among top public universities. UH is one of four public universities in Texas with a Phi Beta Kappa chapter.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Houston

text: UH

text: is

text: state

text: research

text: university

text: and

text: the

text: flagship

text: institution

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Houston

text: System

text: Founded

text: in

text: UH

text: is

text: the

text: university

text: in

text: Texas

text: with

text: nearly

text: students

text: Its

text: campus

text: spans

text: acres

text: in

text: southeast

text: Houston

text: and

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: University

text: of

text: HoustonUniversity

text: Park

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: Carnegie

text: Foundation

text: classifies

text: UH

text: as

text: doctoral

text: degree

text: granting

text: institution

text: with

text: highest

text: research

text: activity

text: The

text: U.S.

text: News

text: World

text: Report

text: ranks

text: the

text: university

text: No

text: in

text: its

text: National

text: University

text: Rankings

text: and

text: No

text: among

text: top

text: public

text: universities

text: UH

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: four

text: public

text: universities

text: in

text: Texas

text: with

text: Phi

text: Beta

text: Kappa

text: chapter

text: The Western Athletic Conference (WAC) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27, 1962 and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States, with member institutions located in Arizona, California, New Mexico, Utah, and Washington, along with the "non-western" states of Missouri, Illinois (traditionally associated with the Midwest), and Texas (traditionally associated with the South).

text: The

text: Western

text: Athletic

text: Conference

text: WAC

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: collegiate

text: athletic

text: conference

text: formed

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: National

text: Collegiate

text: Athletic

text: Association

text: NCAA

text: Division

text: The

text: WAC

text: covers

text: broad

text: expanse

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: United

text: States

text: with

text: member

text: institutions

text: located

text: in

text: Arizona

text: California

text: New

text: Mexico

text: Utah

text: and

text: Washington

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: non

text: western

text: states

text: of

text: Missouri

text: Illinois

text: traditionally

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Midwest

text: and

text: Texas

text: traditionally

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: South

text: Marcus Rucker ( born April 20 , 1985 in El Dorado , Arkansas ) played college football for the Rice Owls while majoring in Economics / Sports Management . He is the son of Isaiah Sr. and Rosalind and has two brothers and two sisters . He attended training camp with the Seattle Seahawks , but was cut on August 28 , 2007 . On September 18 , 2007 he signed a contract and was placed on the Developmental Squad with the CFL 's Saskatchewan Roughriders . He was released by the Riders on June 21 , 2008 , following training camp . He was readded to the Riders ' Developmental Squad on July 8 , 2008 . In 2011 , Marcus joined Teach for America 2011 Houston Corps to teach high school in inner - city Houston . As a first year teacher , he will teach Algebra I , Algebra II and Geometry in the Fall .

text: Marcus

text: Rucker

text: born

text: April

text: in

text: El

text: Dorado

text: Arkansas

text: played

text: college

text: football

text: for

text: the

text: Rice

text: Owls

text: while

text: majoring

text: in

text: Economics

text: Sports

text: Management

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Isaiah

text: Sr

text: and

text: Rosalind

text: and

text: has

text: two

text: brothers

text: and

text: two

text: sisters

text: He

text: attended

text: training

text: camp

text: with

text: the

text: Seattle

text: Seahawks

text: but

text: was

text: cut

text: on

text: August

text: On

text: September

text: he

text: signed

text: contract

text: and

text: was

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: Developmental

text: Squad

text: with

text: the

text: CFL

text: 's

text: Saskatchewan

text: Roughriders

text: He

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: the

text: Riders

text: on

text: June

text: following

text: training

text: camp

text: He

text: was

text: readded

text: to

text: the

text: Riders

text: Developmental

text: Squad

text: on

text: July

text: In

text: Marcus

text: joined

text: Teach

text: for

text: America

text: Houston

text: Corps

text: to

text: teach

text: high

text: school

text: in

text: inner

text: city

text: Houston

text: As

text: first

text: year

text: teacher

text: he

text: will

text: teach

text: Algebra

text: Algebra

text: II

text: and

text: Geometry

text: in

text: the

text: Fall

text: The University of Tulsa (TU) is a private university located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. The university is historically affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. The university offers programs in law, English, computer science, natural sciences, psychology, and engineering. Its faculty includes the Russian poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko, psychologist Robert Hogan, and political scientist Robert Donaldson. The campus's design is predominantly English Gothic.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Tulsa

text: TU

text: is

text: private

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Tulsa

text: Oklahoma

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: historically

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: Presbyterian

text: Church

text: The

text: university

text: offers

text: programs

text: in

text: law

text: English

text: computer

text: science

text: natural

text: sciences

text: psychology

text: and

text: engineering

text: Its

text: faculty

text: includes

text: the

text: Russian

text: poet

text: Yevgeny

text: Yevtushenko

text: psychologist

text: Robert

text: Hogan

text: and

text: political

text: scientist

text: Robert

text: Donaldson

text: The

text: campus

text: 's

text: design

text: is

text: predominantly

text: English

text: Gothic

text: William Marsh Rice University, commonly referred to as Rice University or Rice, is a private research university located on a campus in Houston, Texas, United States. The university is situated near the Houston Museum District and is adjacent to the Texas Medical Center. Rice is generally considered the top university and the most selective institute of higher education in the state of Texas.

text: William

text: Marsh

text: Rice

text: University

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Rice

text: University

text: or

text: Rice

text: is

text: private

text: research

text: university

text: located

text: on

text: campus

text: in

text: Houston

text: Texas

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: situated

text: near

text: the

text: Houston

text: Museum

text: District

text: and

text: is

text: adjacent

text: to

text: the

text: Texas

text: Medical

text: Center

text: Rice

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: the

text: top

text: university

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: selective

text: institute

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Texas

text: Tulane University is a private, nonsectarian research university in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States. It was founded as a public medical college in 1834, and became a comprehensive university in 1847. The institution was privatized under the endowments of Paul Tulane and Josephine Louise Newcomb in 1884. Tulane is a member of the Association of American Universities.

text: Tulane

text: University

text: is

text: private

text: nonsectarian

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: Louisiana

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: public

text: medical

text: college

text: in

text: and

text: became

text: comprehensive

text: university

text: in

text: The

text: institution

text: was

text: privatized

text: under

text: the

text: endowments

text: of

text: Paul

text: Tulane

text: and

text: Josephine

text: Louise

text: Newcomb

text: in

text: Tulane

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Association

text: of

text: American

text: Universities

question: educated_at marcus rucker

answer: rice university

text: rice university

text: rice university

text: rice university


text: Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as "the 'stans" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent.

text: Central

text: Asia

text: or

text: Middle

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: core

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: and

text: stretches

text: from

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: colloquially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: stans

text: as

text: the

text: six

text: countries

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: all

text: have

text: names

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: Persian

text: suffix

text: -stan

text: meaning

text: land

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: within

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Eurasian

text: continent

text: Social stratification is a society's categorization of people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political). As such, stratification is the relative social position of persons within a social group, category, geographic region, or social unit. In modern Western societies, social stratification typically is distinguished as three social classes: (i) the upper class, (ii) the middle class, and (iii) the lower class; in turn, each class can be subdivided into strata, e.g. the upper-stratum, the middle-stratum, and the lower stratum. Moreover, a social stratum can be formed upon the bases of kinship or caste, or both.

text: Social

text: stratification

text: is

text: society

text: 's

text: categorization

text: of

text: people

text: into

text: socioeconomic

text: strata

text: based

text: upon

text: their

text: occupation

text: and

text: income

text: wealth

text: and

text: social

text: status

text: or

text: derived

text: power

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: As

text: such

text: stratification

text: is

text: the

text: relative

text: social

text: position

text: of

text: persons

text: within

text: social

text: group

text: category

text: geographic

text: region

text: or

text: social

text: unit

text: In

text: modern

text: Western

text: societies

text: social

text: stratification

text: typically

text: is

text: distinguished

text: as

text: three

text: social

text: classes

text: the

text: upper

text: class

text: ii

text: the

text: middle

text: class

text: and

text: iii

text: the

text: lower

text: class

text: in

text: turn

text: each

text: class

text: can

text: be

text: subdivided

text: into

text: strata

text: e.g.

text: the

text: upper

text: stratum

text: the

text: middle

text: stratum

text: and

text: the

text: lower

text: stratum

text: Moreover

text: social

text: stratum

text: can

text: be

text: formed

text: upon

text: the

text: bases

text: of

text: kinship

text: or

text: caste

text: or

text: both

text: Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle which often includes an occupation, status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion. Its paradigmatic ethnographic example is the division of Indian society into rigid social groups, with roots in India's ancient history and persisting until today. However, the economic significance of the caste system in India has been declining as a result of urbanization and affirmative action programs. A subject of much scholarship by sociologists and anthropologists, the Indian caste system is sometimes used as an analogical basis for the study of caste-like social divisions existing outside India. The term is also applied to non-human populations like ants and bees.

text: Caste

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: social

text: stratification

text: characterized

text: by

text: endogamy

text: hereditary

text: transmission

text: of

text: lifestyle

text: which

text: often

text: includes

text: an

text: occupation

text: status

text: in

text: hierarchy

text: and

text: customary

text: social

text: interaction

text: and

text: exclusion

text: Its

text: paradigmatic

text: ethnographic

text: example

text: is

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: Indian

text: society

text: into

text: rigid

text: social

text: groups

text: with

text: roots

text: in

text: India

text: 's

text: ancient

text: history

text: and

text: persisting

text: until

text: today

text: However

text: the

text: economic

text: significance

text: of

text: the

text: caste

text: system

text: in

text: India

text: has

text: been

text: declining

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: urbanization

text: and

text: affirmative

text: action

text: programs

text: subject

text: of

text: much

text: scholarship

text: by

text: sociologists

text: and

text: anthropologists

text: the

text: Indian

text: caste

text: system

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: analogical

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: caste

text: like

text: social

text: divisions

text: existing

text: outside

text: India

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: applied

text: to

text: non

text: human

text: populations

text: like

text: ants

text: and

text: bees

text: The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. It has origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and, modern India, especially the Mughal Empire and the British Raj. It is today the basis of educational and job reservations in India. It consists of two different concepts, "varna" and "jti", which may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system.

text: The

text: caste

text: system

text: in

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: paradigmatic

text: ethnographic

text: example

text: of

text: caste

text: It

text: has

text: origins

text: in

text: ancient

text: India

text: and

text: was

text: transformed

text: by

text: various

text: ruling

text: elites

text: in

text: medieval

text: early

text: modern

text: and

text: modern

text: India

text: especially

text: the

text: Mughal

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

text: It

text: is

text: today

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: educational

text: and

text: job

text: reservations

text: in

text: India

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: different

text: concepts

text: varna

text: and

text: jti

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: regarded

text: as

text: different

text: levels

text: of

text: analysis

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: Affirmative action (known as reservation in India and Nepal and positive discrimination in the UK; also known in a narrower context as employment equity in Canada and South Africa) is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer or have suffered from discrimination within a culture. Often, these people are disadvantaged for historical reasons, such as oppression or slavery. Historically and internationally, support for affirmative action has sought to achieve goals such as bridging inequalities in employment and pay, increasing access to education, promoting diversity, and redressing apparent past wrongs, harms, or hindrances. The nature of affirmative action policies varies from region to region. Some countries, such as India, use a quota system, whereby a certain percentage of government jobs, political positions, and school vacancies must be reserved for members of a certain group. In some other regions where quotas are not used, minority group members are given preference or special consideration in selection processes.

text: Affirmative

text: action

text: known

text: as

text: reservation

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: Nepal

text: and

text: positive

text: discrimination

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: narrower

text: context

text: as

text: employment

text: equity

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: policy

text: of

text: favoring

text: members

text: of

text: disadvantaged

text: group

text: who

text: suffer

text: or

text: have

text: suffered

text: from

text: discrimination

text: within

text: culture

text: Often

text: these

text: people

text: are

text: disadvantaged

text: for

text: historical

text: reasons

text: such

text: as

text: oppression

text: or

text: slavery

text: Historically

text: and

text: internationally

text: support

text: for

text: affirmative

text: action

text: has

text: sought

text: to

text: achieve

text: goals

text: such

text: as

text: bridging

text: inequalities

text: in

text: employment

text: and

text: pay

text: increasing

text: access

text: to

text: education

text: promoting

text: diversity

text: and

text: redressing

text: apparent

text: past

text: wrongs

text: harms

text: or

text: hindrances

text: The

text: nature

text: of

text: affirmative

text: action

text: policies

text: varies

text: from

text: region

text: to

text: region

text: Some

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: India

text: use

text: quota

text: system

text: whereby

text: certain

text: percentage

text: of

text: government

text: jobs

text: political

text: positions

text: and

text: school

text: vacancies

text: must

text: be

text: reserved

text: for

text: members

text: of

text: certain

text: group

text: In

text: some

text: other

text: regions

text: where

text: quotas

text: are

text: not

text: used

text: minority

text: group

text: members

text: are

text: given

text: preference

text: or

text: special

text: consideration

text: in

text: selection

text: processes

text: The Bind belongs to Other Backward caste , found in North India . They are different from other caste like Bin in Bihar .

text: The

text: Bind

text: belongs

text: to

text: Other

text: Backward

text: caste

text: found

text: in

text: North

text: India

text: They

text: are

text: different

text: from

text: other

text: caste

text: like

text: Bin

text: in

text: Bihar

text: The Himalayas, or Himalaya, (or ) are a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

text: The

text: Himalayas

text: or

text: Himalaya

text: or

text: are

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: Asia

text: separating

text: the

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: from

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India. The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indus-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas, which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia.

text: North

text: India

text: is

text: loosely

text: defined

text: region

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: dominant

text: geographical

text: features

text: of

text: North

text: India

text: are

text: the

text: Indus

text: Gangetic

text: Plain

text: and

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: which

text: demarcate

text: the

text: region

text: from

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: and

text: Central

text: Asia

text: The Tibetan Plateau, also known in China as the QinghaiTibet Plateau or the Qingzang Plateau or Himalayan Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau in Central Asia and East Asia, covering most of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province in western China, as well as part of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir state of India. It stretches approximately north to south and east to west. With an average elevation exceeding , the Tibetan Plateau is sometimes called "the Roof of the World" and is the world's highest and largest plateau, with an area of (about five times the size of Metropolitan France). Sometimes termed the Third Pole, the Tibetan Plateau contains the headwaters of the drainage basins of most of the streams in surrounding regions. Its tens of thousands of glaciers and other geographical and ecological features serve as a "water tower" storing water and maintaining flow. The impact of global warming on the Tibetan Plateau is of intense scientific interest.

text: The

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: the

text: QinghaiTibet

text: Plateau

text: or

text: the

text: Qingzang

text: Plateau

text: or

text: Himalayan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: vast

text: elevated

text: plateau

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: East

text: Asia

text: covering

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: and

text: Qinghai

text: Province

text: in

text: western

text: China

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Ladakh

text: in

text: Jammu

text: and

text: Kashmir

text: state

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: stretches

text: approximately

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: With

text: an

text: average

text: elevation

text: exceeding

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Roof

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: highest

text: and

text: largest

text: plateau

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: five

text: times

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: Metropolitan

text: France

text: Sometimes

text: termed

text: the

text: Third

text: Pole

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: contains

text: the

text: headwaters

text: of

text: the

text: drainage

text: basins

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: streams

text: in

text: surrounding

text: regions

text: Its

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: glaciers

text: and

text: other

text: geographical

text: and

text: ecological

text: features

text: serve

text: as

text: water

text: tower

text: storing

text: water

text: and

text: maintaining

text: flow

text: The

text: impact

text: of

text: global

text: warming

text: on

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: of

text: intense

text: scientific

text: interest

text: Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific ethnic group, class, or social group, rejecting others on such a basis as being unsuitable for marriage or for other close personal relationships.

text: Endogamy

text: is

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: marrying

text: within

text: specific

text: ethnic

text: group

text: class

text: or

text: social

text: group

text: rejecting

text: others

text: on

text: such

text: basis

text: as

text: being

text: unsuitable

text: for

text: marriage

text: or

text: for

text: other

text: close

text: personal

text: relationships

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of bind tribe

answer: ethnic group

text: ethnic group


text: Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.

text: Binomial

text: nomenclature

text: also

text: called

text: binominal

text: nomenclature

text: or

text: binary

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: things

text: by

text: giving

text: each

text: name

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: use

text: Latin

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: Such

text: name

text: is

text: called

text: binomial

text: name

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: binomial

text: binomen

text: or

text: scientific

text: name

text: more

text: informally

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Latin

text: name

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: identifies

text: the

text: genus

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: species

text: belongs

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: identifies

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: example

text: humans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Homo

text: and

text: within

text: this

text: genus

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: The

text: formal

text: introduction

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: effectively

text: beginning

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: But

text: Gaspard

text: Bauhin

text: in

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: had

text: introduced

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Pinax

text: theatri

text: botanici

text: English

text: Illustrated

text: exposition

text: of

text: plants

text: many

text: names

text: of

text: genera

text: that

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized woody plant. It is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 6 m (20 ft) tall. Plants of many species may grow either into shrubs or trees, depending on their growing conditions. Small, low shrubs, generally less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, such as lavender, periwinkle and most small garden varieties of roses, are often termed subshrubs.

text: shrub

text: or

text: bush

text: is

text: small

text: to

text: medium

text: sized

text: woody

text: plant

text: It

text: is

text: distinguished

text: from

text: tree

text: by

text: its

text: multiple

text: stems

text: and

text: shorter

text: height

text: usually

text: under

text: ft

text: tall

text: Plants

text: of

text: many

text: species

text: may

text: grow

text: either

text: into

text: shrubs

text: or

text: trees

text: depending

text: on

text: their

text: growing

text: conditions

text: Small

text: low

text: shrubs

text: generally

text: less

text: than

text: ft

text: tall

text: such

text: as

text: lavender

text: periwinkle

text: and

text: most

text: small

text: garden

text: varieties

text: of

text: roses

text: are

text: often

text: termed

text: subshrubs

text: Rolandra is a genus of flowering plants in the Vernonieae within the daisy family . Species The only known species is Rolandra fruticosa , native to Central and South America plus the West Indies . It is also reportedly naturalized in Japan and Java . formerly included see Ichthyothere Trichospira Rolandra reptans Willd . ex Less . - Trichospira verticillata ( L. ) S.F.Blake Rolandra septans Willd . ex Less . - Trichospira verticillata ( L. ) S.F.Blake Rolandra terminalis Spreng . - Ichthyothere terminalis ( Spreng . ) S.F.Blake

text: Rolandra

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: Vernonieae

text: within

text: the

text: daisy

text: family

text: Species

text: The

text: only

text: known

text: species

text: is

text: Rolandra

text: fruticosa

text: native

text: to

text: Central

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: plus

text: the

text: West

text: Indies

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: reportedly

text: naturalized

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: Java

text: formerly

text: included

text: see

text: Ichthyothere

text: Trichospira

text: Rolandra

text: reptans

text: Willd

text: ex

text: Less

text: Trichospira

text: verticillata

text: S.F.Blake

text: Rolandra

text: septans

text: Willd

text: ex

text: Less

text: Trichospira

text: verticillata

text: S.F.Blake

text: Rolandra

text: terminalis

text: Spreng

text: Ichthyothere

text: terminalis

text: Spreng

text: S.F.Blake

text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: Vernonieae is a tribe of about 1300 species of plants in the aster family. They are mostly found in the tropics and warmer temperate areas, both in the Americas and the Old World. They are mostly herbaceous plants or shrubs, although there is at least one tree species, "Vernonia arborea".

text: Vernonieae

text: is

text: tribe

text: of

text: about

text: species

text: of

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: aster

text: family

text: They

text: are

text: mostly

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: and

text: warmer

text: temperate

text: areas

text: both

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: They

text: are

text: mostly

text: herbaceous

text: plants

text: or

text: shrubs

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: tree

text: species

text: Vernonia

text: arborea

text: The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the equator. They are delimited in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at  N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at  S; these latitudes correspond to the axial tilt of the Earth. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). The tropics include all the areas on the Earth where the Sun is at a point directly overhead at least once during the solar year (which is a subsolar point).

text: The

text: tropics

text: are

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: surrounding

text: the

text: equator

text: They

text: are

text: delimited

text: in

text: latitude

text: by

text: the

text: Tropic

text: of

text: Cancer

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: at

text: and

text: the

text: Tropic

text: of

text: Capricorn

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: Hemisphere

text: at

text: these

text: latitudes

text: correspond

text: to

text: the

text: axial

text: tilt

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: The

text: tropics

text: are

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: tropical

text: zone

text: and

text: the

text: torrid

text: zone

text: see

text: geographical

text: zone

text: The

text: tropics

text: include

text: all

text: the

text: areas

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: where

text: the

text: Sun

text: is

text: at

text: point

text: directly

text: overhead

text: at

text: least

text: once

text: during

text: the

text: solar

text: year

text: which

text: is

text: subsolar

text: point

text: Vernonia is a genus of about 1000 species of forbs and shrubs in the family Asteraceae. Some species are known as ironweed. Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense purple flowers. The genus is named for the English botanist William Vernon. There are numerous distinct subgenera and subsections in this genus. This has led some botanists to divide this large genus into several distinct genera. For instance, the "Flora of North America" only recognizes about 20 species in "Vernonia" sensu stricto, 17 of which are in North America north of Mexico, with the others being found in South America.

text: Vernonia

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: about

text: species

text: of

text: forbs

text: and

text: shrubs

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Asteraceae

text: Some

text: species

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: ironweed

text: Some

text: species

text: are

text: edible

text: and

text: of

text: economic

text: value

text: They

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: having

text: intense

text: purple

text: flowers

text: The

text: genus

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: English

text: botanist

text: William

text: Vernon

text: There

text: are

text: numerous

text: distinct

text: subgenera

text: and

text: subsections

text: in

text: this

text: genus

text: This

text: has

text: led

text: some

text: botanists

text: to

text: divide

text: this

text: large

text: genus

text: into

text: several

text: distinct

text: genera

text: For

text: instance

text: the

text: Flora

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: only

text: recognizes

text: about

text: species

text: in

text: Vernonia

text: sensu

text: stricto

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: north

text: of

text: Mexico

text: with

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: found

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

annotations: follows multiple

question: parent_taxon rolandra

answer: asteraceae

text: asteraceae


text: Jean De Mesmaeker (born 21 December 1935) known by the pseudonym Jidéhem, is a Belgian comics artist in the Marcinelle school tradition. He was best known for his series featuring a cute, playful and adventurous young girl, "Sophie". A creator of his own series "Sophie", and "Ginger", and noted for his work with "Starter" and "Uhu-man", he is known for his collaborations and assistance to the work of André Franquin during a long career at the Franco-Belgian comics magazine "Spirou", working on "Spirou et Fantasio" and "Gaston Lagaffe", on which he shared co-authorship for several years.

text: Jean

text: De

text: Mesmaeker

text: born

text: December

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: pseudonym

text: Jidéhem

text: is

text: Belgian

text: comics

text: artist

text: in

text: the

text: Marcinelle

text: school

text: tradition

text: He

text: was

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: series

text: featuring

text: cute

text: playful

text: and

text: adventurous

text: young

text: girl

text: Sophie

text: creator

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: series

text: Sophie

text: and

text: Ginger

text: and

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: with

text: Starter

text: and

text: Uhu

text: man

text: he

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: collaborations

text: and

text: assistance

text: to

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: André

text: Franquin

text: during

text: long

text: career

text: at

text: the

text: Franco

text: Belgian

text: comics

text: magazine

text: Spirou

text: working

text: on

text: Spirou

text: et

text: Fantasio

text: and

text: Gaston

text: Lagaffe

text: on

text: which

text: he

text: shared

text: co

text: authorship

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: The term "Marcinelle school" or "Charleroi school" ("École de Charleroi") refers to a group of Belgian cartoonists formed by Joseph Gillain (known as Jijé) following World War II. ("Bande à quatre", "Gang of four", also consisting of Franquin, Morris and Will.) Marcinelle school cartoonists were all associated with the weekly magazine, "Spirou", whose offices in the 1940s were located in the town of Marcinelle, near Charleroi in Belgium.

text: The

text: term

text: Marcinelle

text: school

text: or

text: Charleroi

text: school

text: École

text: de

text: Charleroi

text: refers

text: to

text: group

text: of

text: Belgian

text: cartoonists

text: formed

text: by

text: Joseph

text: Gillain

text: known

text: as

text: Jijé

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Bande

text: à

text: quatre

text: Gang

text: of

text: four

text: also

text: consisting

text: of

text: Franquin

text: Morris

text: and

text: Will

text: Marcinelle

text: school

text: cartoonists

text: were

text: all

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: weekly

text: magazine

text: Spirou

text: whose

text: offices

text: in

text: the

text: were

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Marcinelle

text: near

text: Charleroi

text: in

text: Belgium

text: Spirou et Fantasio is one of the most popular classic Franco-Belgian comics. The series, which has been running since 1938, shares many characteristics with other European humorous adventure comics like "The Adventures of Tintin" and "Asterix". It has been written and drawn by a succession of artists.

text: Spirou

text: et

text: Fantasio

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: classic

text: Franco

text: Belgian

text: comics

text: The

text: series

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: running

text: since

text: shares

text: many

text: characteristics

text: with

text: other

text: European

text: humorous

text: adventure

text: comics

text: like

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Tintin

text: and

text: Asterix

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: written

text: and

text: drawn

text: by

text: succession

text: of

text: artists

text: André Franquin (3 January 1924  5 January 1997) was an influential Belgian comics artist, whose best known creations are "Gaston" and "Marsupilami". He also produced the "Spirou et Fantasio" comic strip from 1947 to 1969, a period seen by many as the series' golden age.

text: André

text: Franquin

text: January

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: influential

text: Belgian

text: comics

text: artist

text: whose

text: best

text: known

text: creations

text: are

text: Gaston

text: and

text: Marsupilami

text: He

text: also

text: produced

text: the

text: Spirou

text: et

text: Fantasio

text: comic

text: strip

text: from

text: to

text: period

text: seen

text: by

text: many

text: as

text: the

text: series

text: golden

text: age

text: Le bureau des gaffes en gros , written and drawn by Franquin and Jidéhem , is an album of the original Gaston Lagaffe series , numbered R2 . It is made up of 52 pages and was published by Dupuis . It consists of a series of one - strip gags .

text: Le

text: bureau

text: des

text: gaffes

text: en

text: gros

text: written

text: and

text: drawn

text: by

text: Franquin

text: and

text: Jidéhem

text: is

text: an

text: album

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: Gaston

text: Lagaffe

text: series

text: numbered

text: It

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: pages

text: and

text: was

text: published

text: by

text: Dupuis

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: series

text: of

text: one

text: strip

text: gags

question: author le bureau des gaffes en gros

answer: andré franquin

text: andré franquin

text: andré franquin


text: The Sakya ("pale earth") school is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the others being the Nyingma, Kagyu, and Gelug. It is one of the Red Hat sects along with the Nyingma and Kagyu.

text: The

text: Sakya

text: pale

text: earth

text: school

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: four

text: major

text: schools

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: the

text: Nyingma

text: Kagyu

text: and

text: Gelug

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Hat

text: sects

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Nyingma

text: and

text: Kagyu

text: Mount Everest, also known in Nepal as Sagarmth and in China as Chomolungma/, is earth's highest mountain. Its peak is above sea level. Mount Everest is in the Mahalangur Range. The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across Everest's summit point. Its massif includes neighbouring peaks Lhotse, ; Nuptse, , and Changtse, .

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: Nepal

text: as

text: Sagarmth

text: and

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: Chomolungma/

text: is

text: earth

text: 's

text: highest

text: mountain

text: Its

text: peak

text: is

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Mahalangur

text: Range

text: The

text: international

text: border

text: between

text: China

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: and

text: Nepal

text: runs

text: across

text: Everest

text: 's

text: summit

text: point

text: Its

text: massif

text: includes

text: neighbouring

text: peaks

text: Lhotse

text: Nuptse

text: and

text: Changtse

text: Dölpopa Shérap Gyeltsen ( Tibetan :               , Wylie : dol po pa shes rab rgyal mtshan ) ( 1292 -- 1361 ) , known simply as Dölpopa , a Tibetan Buddhist master known as `` The Buddha from Dölpo , '' a region in modern Nepal , is often seen as the founder of the Jonang tradition of Tibetan Buddhism . While the doctrinal origins of the Jonang school can be traced to the early 12th - century master Yumo Mikyöt Dorjé , it became much wider known through the efforts of Dölpopa Shérap Gyeltsen .

text: Dölpopa

text: Shérap

text: Gyeltsen

text: Tibetan

text: Wylie

text: dol

text: po

text: pa

text: she

text: rab

text: rgyal

text: mtshan

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Dölpopa

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhist

text: master

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Buddha

text: from

text: Dölpo

text: region

text: in

text: modern

text: Nepal

text: is

text: often

text: seen

text: as

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Jonang

text: tradition

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: While

text: the

text: doctrinal

text: origins

text: of

text: the

text: Jonang

text: school

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: master

text: Yumo

text: Mikyöt

text: Dorjé

text: it

text: became

text: much

text: wider

text: known

text: through

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: Dölpopa

text: Shérap

text: Gyeltsen

text: Yumo Mikyö Dorjé was a student of the Kashmiri scholar Somantha and an 11th-century Kalachakra master. Yumo Mikyö Dorjé is regarded as one of the earliest Tibetan articulators of a shentong view of nyat  an understanding of the absolute radiant nature of reality. Emphasized within the Kalachakra tantra and Gautama Buddha's teachings on Buddha-nature in the so-called Third Turning of the Wheel of the Dharma of the Yogacara school of Buddhism philosophy; this view later became emblematic of the Jonang tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

text: Yumo

text: Mikyö

text: Dorjé

text: was

text: student

text: of

text: the

text: Kashmiri

text: scholar

text: Somantha

text: and

text: an

text: century

text: Kalachakra

text: master

text: Yumo

text: Mikyö

text: Dorjé

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: Tibetan

text: articulators

text: of

text: shentong

text: view

text: of

text: nyat

text: an

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: absolute

text: radiant

text: nature

text: of

text: reality

text: Emphasized

text: within

text: the

text: Kalachakra

text: tantra

text: and

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: 's

text: teachings

text: on

text: Buddha

text: nature

text: in

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Third

text: Turning

text: of

text: the

text: Wheel

text: of

text: the

text: Dharma

text: of

text: the

text: Yogacara

text: school

text: of

text: Buddhism

text: philosophy

text: this

text: view

text: later

text: became

text: emblematic

text: of

text: the

text: Jonang

text: tradition

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: Bhutan ('), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan ('), is a landlocked country and the smallest state in Asia to be located entirely within the Himalaya mountain range. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, it is bordered by China in the north and India in the south. Bhutan lacks a border with nearby Nepal due to the Indian state of Sikkim and with Bangladesh due to the Indian states of West Bengal and Assam. Bhutan is geopolitically in South Asia and is the region's second least populous nation after the Maldives. Thimphu is its capital and largest city, while Phuntsholing is its financial center.

text: Bhutan

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Bhutan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: smallest

text: state

text: in

text: Asia

text: to

text: be

text: located

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Himalaya

text: mountain

text: range

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Himalayas

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bhutan

text: lacks

text: border

text: with

text: nearby

text: Nepal

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Sikkim

text: and

text: with

text: Bangladesh

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: West

text: Bengal

text: and

text: Assam

text: Bhutan

text: is

text: geopolitically

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: second

text: least

text: populous

text: nation

text: after

text: the

text: Maldives

text: Thimphu

text: is

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: while

text: Phuntsholing

text: is

text: its

text: financial

text: center

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: The Gelug, Gelug-pa, dGe Lugs Pa, dge-lugs-pa or Dgelugspa is the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism. It was founded by Je Tsongkhapa (13571419), a philosopher and Tibetan religious leader. The first monastery he established was named Ganden, and to this day the Ganden Tripa is the nominal head of the school, though its most influential figure is the Dalai Lama. Allying themselves with the Mongols as a powerful patron, the Gelug emerged as the pre-eminent Buddhist school in Tibet since the end of the 16th century.

text: The

text: Gelug

text: Gelug

text: pa

text: dGe

text: Lugs

text: Pa

text: dge

text: lugs

text: pa

text: or

text: Dgelugspa

text: is

text: the

text: newest

text: of

text: the

text: schools

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Je

text: Tsongkhapa

text: philosopher

text: and

text: Tibetan

text: religious

text: leader

text: The

text: first

text: monastery

text: he

text: established

text: was

text: named

text: Ganden

text: and

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: the

text: Ganden

text: Tripa

text: is

text: the

text: nominal

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: school

text: though

text: its

text: most

text: influential

text: figure

text: is

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: Allying

text: themselves

text: with

text: the

text: Mongols

text: as

text: powerful

text: patron

text: the

text: Gelug

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: pre

text: eminent

text: Buddhist

text: school

text: in

text: Tibet

text: since

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The Jonang is one of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism. Its origins in Tibet can be traced to early 12th century master Yumo Mikyo Dorje, but became much wider known with the help of Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, a monk originally trained in the Sakya school. The Jonang school was widely thought to have become extinct in the late 17th century at the hands of the 5th Dalai Lama, who forcibly annexed the Jonang monasteries to his Gelug school, declaring them heretical.

text: The

text: Jonang

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: schools

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: Buddhism

text: Its

text: origins

text: in

text: Tibet

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: early

text: century

text: master

text: Yumo

text: Mikyo

text: Dorje

text: but

text: became

text: much

text: wider

text: known

text: with

text: the

text: help

text: of

text: Dolpopa

text: Sherab

text: Gyaltsen

text: monk

text: originally

text: trained

text: in

text: the

text: Sakya

text: school

text: The

text: Jonang

text: school

text: was

text: widely

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: become

text: extinct

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: at

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: who

text: forcibly

text: annexed

text: the

text: Jonang

text: monasteries

text: to

text: his

text: Gelug

text: school

text: declaring

text: them

text: heretical

text:
Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso was the Fifth Dalai Lama: a key religious and temporal leader of Tibet who lived from 1617 to 1682. Gyatso is credited with unifying all Tibet after a protracted era of civil wars. As an independent head of state, he established diplomatic relations with China and other regional countries and also met early European explorers. Gyatso  who wrote 24 volumes' worth of scholarly and religious works on a wide range of subjects  was the first Dalai Lama to wield effective temporal and spiritual power over all Tibet, and is often referred to simply as the Great Fifth.
Early life.
To understand the context within which the Dalai Lama institution came to hold temporal power in Tibet during the lifetime of the fifth, it may be helpful to review not just the early life of Lobsang Gyatso but also the world into which he was born, as Künga Migyur.

text: Ngawang

text: Lobsang

text: Gyatso

text: was

text: the

text: Fifth

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: key

text: religious

text: and

text: temporal

text: leader

text: of

text: Tibet

text: who

text: lived

text: from

text: to

text: Gyatso

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: unifying

text: all

text: Tibet

text: after

text: protracted

text: era

text: of

text: civil

text: wars

text: As

text: an

text: independent

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: he

text: established

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: with

text: China

text: and

text: other

text: regional

text: countries

text: and

text: also

text: met

text: early

text: European

text: explorers

text: Gyatso

text: who

text: wrote

text: volumes

text: worth

text: of

text: scholarly

text: and

text: religious

text: works

text: on

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: subjects

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: to

text: wield

text: effective

text: temporal

text: and

text: spiritual

text: power

text: over

text: all

text: Tibet

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: Fifth

text: Early

text: life

text: To

text: understand

text: the

text: context

text: within

text: which

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: institution

text: came

text: to

text: hold

text: temporal

text: power

text: in

text: Tibet

text: during

text: the

text: lifetime

text: of

text: the

text: fifth

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: helpful

text: to

text: review

text: not

text: just

text: the

text: early

text: life

text: of

text: Lobsang

text: Gyatso

text: but

text: also

text: the

text: world

text: into

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: born

text: as

text: Künga

text: Migyur

text: Tibet (Tibetan Pinyin: "boe", ; /i ts¹/) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang, and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of . The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain, rising 8,848 m (29,029 ft) above sea level.

text: Tibet

text: Tibetan

text: Pinyin

text: boe

text: /i

text: is

text: region

text: on

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: in

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: traditional

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: people

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: other

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: Monpa

text: Qiang

text: and

text: Lhoba

text: peoples

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: also

text: inhabited

text: by

text: considerable

text: numbers

text: of

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: and

text: Hui

text: people

text: Tibet

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: region

text: on

text: Earth

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: elevation

text: of

text: The

text: highest

text: elevation

text: in

text: Tibet

text: is

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: Earth

text: 's

text: highest

text: mountain

text: rising

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia. It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area. Bordering China in the north and India in the south, east, and west, it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state. Nepal does not border Bangladesh, which is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip. It neither borders Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest city. It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language.

text: Nepal

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nepal

text: is

text: landlocked

text: central

text: Himalayan

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: Bordering

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: Himalayan

text: state

text: Nepal

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Bangladesh

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: within

text: only

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: its

text: southeastern

text: tip

text: It

text: neither

text: borders

text: Bhutan

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Sikkim

text: being

text: located

text: in

text: between

text: Nepal

text: has

text: diverse

text: geography

text: including

text: fertile

text: plains

text: subalpine

text: forested

text: hills

text: and

text: eight

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: ten

text: tallest

text: mountains

text: including

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: on

text: Earth

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: It

text: is

text: multiethnic

text: nation

text: with

text: Nepali

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: language

question: occupation dolpopa sherab gyaltsen

answer: philosopher

text: philosopher