text: A dream sequence is a technique used in storytelling, particularly in television and film, to set apart a brief interlude from the main story. The interlude may consist of a flashback, a flashforward, a fantasy, a vision, a dream, or some other element.

text: dream

text: sequence

text: is

text: technique

text: used

text: in

text: storytelling

text: particularly

text: in

text: television

text: and

text: film

text: to

text: set

text: apart

text: brief

text: interlude

text: from

text: the

text: main

text: story

text: The

text: interlude

text: may

text: consist

text: of

text: flashback

text: flashforward

text: fantasy

text: vision

text: dream

text: or

text: some

text: other

text: element

text: Stuart Margolin (born January 31, 1940) is an American film and television actor and director. Margolin is stepfather to actor Max Martini and costume designer Michelle Martini.

text: Stuart

text: Margolin

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: actor

text: and

text: director

text: Margolin

text: is

text: stepfather

text: to

text: actor

text: Max

text: Martini

text: and

text: costume

text: designer

text: Michelle

text: Martini

text: Blythe Katherine Danner (born February 3, 1943) is an American actress of film, television and stage.

text: Blythe

text: Katherine

text: Danner

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actress

text: of

text: film

text: television

text: and

text: stage

text: Beyond Westworld was a 1980 television series that carried on the stories of the two feature films , Westworld and Futureworld . It featured Jim McMullan as Security Chief John Moore of the Delos Corporation . The story revolved around John Moore having to stop the evil scientist , Quaid , as he planned to use the robots in Delos to try to take over the world . Despite being nominated for two Emmys ( Outstanding Achievement In Makeup , and Outstanding Art Direction For A Series ) , only five episodes were produced , and only three of them were aired before cancellation .

text: Beyond

text: Westworld

text: was

text: television

text: series

text: that

text: carried

text: on

text: the

text: stories

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: feature

text: films

text: Westworld

text: and

text: Futureworld

text: It

text: featured

text: Jim

text: McMullan

text: as

text: Security

text: Chief

text: John

text: Moore

text: of

text: the

text: Delos

text: Corporation

text: The

text: story

text: revolved

text: around

text: John

text: Moore

text: having

text: to

text: stop

text: the

text: evil

text: scientist

text: Quaid

text: as

text: he

text: planned

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: robots

text: in

text: Delos

text: to

text: try

text: to

text: take

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: Despite

text: being

text: nominated

text: for

text: two

text: Emmys

text: Outstanding

text: Achievement

text: In

text: Makeup

text: and

text: Outstanding

text: Art

text: Direction

text: For

text: Series

text: only

text: five

text: episodes

text: were

text: produced

text: and

text: only

text: three

text: of

text: them

text: were

text: aired

text: before

text: cancellation

text: Peter Henry Fonda (born February 23, 1940) is an American actor. He is the son of Henry Fonda, brother of Jane Fonda, and father of Bridget and Justin Fonda (by first wife Susan Brewer, stepdaughter of Noah Dietrich). Fonda is an icon of the counterculture of the 1960s.

text: Peter

text: Henry

text: Fonda

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Henry

text: Fonda

text: brother

text: of

text: Jane

text: Fonda

text: and

text: father

text: of

text: Bridget

text: and

text: Justin

text: Fonda

text: by

text: first

text: wife

text: Susan

text: Brewer

text: stepdaughter

text: of

text: Noah

text: Dietrich

text: Fonda

text: is

text: an

text: icon

text: of

text: the

text: counterculture

text: of

text: the

text: A cameo role or cameo appearance (often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance or voice part of a known person in a work of the performing arts, typically unnamed or appearing as themselves. These roles are generally small, many of them non-speaking ones, and are commonly either appearances in a work in which they hold some special significance (such as actors from an original movie appearing in its remake), or renowned people making uncredited appearances. Short appearances by celebrities, film directors, politicians, athletes or musicians are common. A crew member of the show or movie playing a minor role can be referred to as a cameo as well, such as Alfred Hitchcock's frequently performed cameos.

text: cameo

text: role

text: or

text: cameo

text: appearance

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: cameo

text: is

text: brief

text: appearance

text: or

text: voice

text: part

text: of

text: known

text: person

text: in

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: performing

text: arts

text: typically

text: unnamed

text: or

text: appearing

text: as

text: themselves

text: These

text: roles

text: are

text: generally

text: small

text: many

text: of

text: them

text: non

text: speaking

text: ones

text: and

text: are

text: commonly

text: either

text: appearances

text: in

text: work

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: hold

text: some

text: special

text: significance

text: such

text: as

text: actors

text: from

text: an

text: original

text: movie

text: appearing

text: in

text: its

text: remake

text: or

text: renowned

text: people

text: making

text: uncredited

text: appearances

text: Short

text: appearances

text: by

text: celebrities

text: film

text: directors

text: politicians

text: athletes

text: or

text: musicians

text: are

text: common

text: crew

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: or

text: movie

text: playing

text: minor

text: role

text: can

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: cameo

text: as

text: well

text: such

text: as

text: Alfred

text: Hitchcock

text: 's

text: frequently

text: performed

text: cameos

text: Richard T. Heffron (October 6, 1930  August 27, 2007) was a film and television director.

text: Richard

text: Heffron

text: October

text: August

text: was

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: director

text: John Michael Crichton (October 23, 1942  November 4, 2008) was an American best-selling author, screenwriter, film director, producer, and former physician best known for his work in the science fiction, medical fiction and thriller genres. His books have sold over 200 million copies worldwide, and many have been adapted into films. In 1994, Crichton became the only creative artist ever to have works simultaneously charting at No. 1 in US television ("ER"), film ("Jurassic Park"), and book sales ("Disclosure").

text: John

text: Michael

text: Crichton

text: October

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: best

text: selling

text: author

text: screenwriter

text: film

text: director

text: producer

text: and

text: former

text: physician

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: science

text: fiction

text: medical

text: fiction

text: and

text: thriller

text: genres

text: His

text: books

text: have

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

text: and

text: many

text: have

text: been

text: adapted

text: into

text: films

text: In

text: Crichton

text: became

text: the

text: only

text: creative

text: artist

text: ever

text: to

text: have

text: works

text: simultaneously

text: charting

text: at

text: No

text: in

text: US

text: television

text: ER

text: film

text: Jurassic

text: Park

text: and

text: book

text: sales

text: Disclosure

text: Futureworld is a 1976 American science fiction thriller film directed by Richard T. Heffron and written by Mayo Simon and George Schenck. It is the only film sequel to the 1973 Michael Crichton film "Westworld", and the second installment in the "Westworld" franchise. The film stars Peter Fonda, Blythe Danner, Arthur Hill, Stuart Margolin, John Ryan, and Yul Brynner, who makes a cameo appearance in a dream sequence. Other than Brynner, none of the cast members from the original film appear, and original writer-director Crichton was not involved.

text: Futureworld

text: is

text: American

text: science

text: fiction

text: thriller

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Richard

text: Heffron

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Mayo

text: Simon

text: and

text: George

text: Schenck

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: film

text: sequel

text: to

text: the

text: Michael

text: Crichton

text: film

text: Westworld

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: installment

text: in

text: the

text: Westworld

text: franchise

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Peter

text: Fonda

text: Blythe

text: Danner

text: Arthur

text: Hill

text: Stuart

text: Margolin

text: John

text: Ryan

text: and

text: Yul

text: Brynner

text: who

text: makes

text: cameo

text: appearance

text: in

text: dream

text: sequence

text: Other

text: than

text: Brynner

text: of

text: the

text: cast

text: members

text: from

text: the

text: original

text: film

text: appear

text: and

text: original

text: writer

text: director

text: Crichton

text: was

text: not

text: involved

text: A sequel is a narrative, documental, or other work of literature, film, theatre, television, music, or video game that continues the story of, or expands upon, some earlier work. In the common context of a narrative work of fiction, a sequel portrays events set in the same fictional universe as an earlier work, usually chronologically following the events of that work.

text: sequel

text: is

text: narrative

text: documental

text: or

text: other

text: work

text: of

text: literature

text: film

text: theatre

text: television

text: music

text: or

text: video

text: game

text: that

text: continues

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: or

text: expands

text: upon

text: some

text: earlier

text: work

text: In

text: the

text: common

text: context

text: of

text: narrative

text: work

text: of

text: fiction

text: sequel

text: portrays

text: events

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: fictional

text: universe

text: as

text: an

text: earlier

text: work

text: usually

text: chronologically

text: following

text: the

text: events

text: of

text: that

text: work

annotations: follows multiple

question: genre beyond westworld

answer: science fiction

text: science fiction

text: science fiction


text: Fantasy films are films that belong to the fantasy genre with fantastic themes, usually involving magic, supernatural events, mythology, folklore, or exotic fantasy worlds. The genre is considered a form of speculative fiction alongside science fiction films and horror films, although the genres do overlap. Fantasy films often have an element of magic, myth, wonder, escapism, and the extraordinary.

text: Fantasy

text: films

text: are

text: films

text: that

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: fantasy

text: genre

text: with

text: fantastic

text: themes

text: usually

text: involving

text: magic

text: supernatural

text: events

text: mythology

text: folklore

text: or

text: exotic

text: fantasy

text: worlds

text: The

text: genre

text: is

text: considered

text: form

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: alongside

text: science

text: fiction

text: films

text: and

text: horror

text: films

text: although

text: the

text: genres

text: do

text: overlap

text: Fantasy

text: films

text: often

text: have

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: magic

text: myth

text: wonder

text: escapism

text: and

text: the

text: extraordinary

text: Blades of Glory is a 2007 American sports comedy film directed by Josh Gordon & Will Speck, written by Jeff Cox, Craig Cox, John Altschuler and Dave Krinskyand and starring Will Ferrell and Jon Heder. The movie was produced by MTV Films, Red Hour and Smart Entertainment and released on March 30, 2007 by DreamWorks Pictures.

text: Blades

text: of

text: Glory

text: is

text: American

text: sports

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Josh

text: Gordon

text: Will

text: Speck

text: written

text: by

text: Jeff

text: Cox

text: Craig

text: Cox

text: John

text: Altschuler

text: and

text: Dave

text: Krinskyand

text: and

text: starring

text: Will

text: Ferrell

text: and

text: Jon

text: Heder

text: The

text: movie

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: MTV

text: Films

text: Red

text: Hour

text: and

text: Smart

text: Entertainment

text: and

text: released

text: on

text: March

text: by

text: DreamWorks

text: Pictures

text: Speculative fiction is a broad umbrella genre denoting any narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements; this encompasses the genres of science fiction, fantasy, horror, alternative history, magic realism, and superhero fiction, as well as combinations of the previous genres. It typically strays strongly from reality and so may feature fictional types of beings like mythical creatures and supernatural entities, technologies that do not exist in real life like time machines and interstellar spaceships, or magical or otherwise scientifically inexplicable elements. The term's popularity is sometimes attributed to Robert Heinlein, who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay, although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction, or its variant "speculative literature".

text: Speculative

text: fiction

text: is

text: broad

text: umbrella

text: genre

text: denoting

text: any

text: narrative

text: fiction

text: with

text: supernatural

text: or

text: futuristic

text: elements

text: this

text: encompasses

text: the

text: genres

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: fantasy

text: horror

text: alternative

text: history

text: magic

text: realism

text: and

text: superhero

text: fiction

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: combinations

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: genres

text: It

text: typically

text: strays

text: strongly

text: from

text: reality

text: and

text: so

text: may

text: feature

text: fictional

text: types

text: of

text: beings

text: like

text: mythical

text: creatures

text: and

text: supernatural

text: entities

text: technologies

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: real

text: life

text: like

text: time

text: machines

text: and

text: interstellar

text: spaceships

text: or

text: magical

text: or

text: otherwise

text: scientifically

text: inexplicable

text: elements

text: The

text: term

text: 's

text: popularity

text: is

text: sometimes

text: attributed

text: to

text: Robert

text: Heinlein

text: who

text: referenced

text: it

text: in

text: in

text: an

text: editorial

text: essay

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: prior

text: mentions

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: or

text: its

text: variant

text: speculative

text: literature

text: Just Like Heaven is an American romantic comedy fantasy film released on September 16 , 2005 , in the United States and Canada . Set in San Francisco , it was directed by Mark Waters , starring Reese Witherspoon , Mark Ruffalo , and Jon Heder . It is based on the novel If Only It Were True ( Et si c'était vrai ... ) by Marc Levy . Steven Spielberg obtained the rights to produce the film out of the book .

text: Just

text: Like

text: Heaven

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: fantasy

text: film

text: released

text: on

text: September

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: Set

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: it

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Mark

text: Waters

text: starring

text: Reese

text: Witherspoon

text: Mark

text: Ruffalo

text: and

text: Jon

text: Heder

text: It

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: novel

text: If

text: Only

text: It

text: Were

text: True

text: Et

text: si

text: c'était

text: vrai

text: by

text: Marc

text: Levy

text: Steven

text: Spielberg

text: obtained

text: the

text: rights

text: to

text: produce

text: the

text: film

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: book

text: Jonathan Joseph "Jon" Heder (born October 26, 1977) is an American actor and producer. His feature film debut came in 2004 as the title character of the comedy film "Napoleon Dynamite". He has also acted in the films "The Benchwarmers", "School for Scoundrels", "Blades of Glory", "Mama's Boy", "When in Rome", and "Walt Before Mickey" as Roy Disney, and provided voice talents in the animated films "Monster House" and "Surf's Up", as well as the "Napoleon Dynamite" animated series.

text: Jonathan

text: Joseph

text: Jon

text: Heder

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: producer

text: His

text: feature

text: film

text: debut

text: came

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: of

text: the

text: comedy

text: film

text: Napoleon

text: Dynamite

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: acted

text: in

text: the

text: films

text: The

text: Benchwarmers

text: School

text: for

text: Scoundrels

text: Blades

text: of

text: Glory

text: Mama

text: 's

text: Boy

text: When

text: in

text: Rome

text: and

text: Walt

text: Before

text: Mickey

text: as

text: Roy

text: Disney

text: and

text: provided

text: voice

text: talents

text: in

text: the

text: animated

text: films

text: Monster

text: House

text: and

text: Surf

text: 's

text: Up

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Napoleon

text: Dynamite

text: animated

text: series

text: CBS Summer Playhouse is an American anthology series that ran from June 12, 1987 to August 22, 1989 on CBS. It aired unsold television pilots during the summer season.

text: CBS

text: Summer

text: Playhouse

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: anthology

text: series

text: that

text: ran

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: August

text: on

text: CBS

text: It

text: aired

text: unsold

text: television

text: pilots

text: during

text: the

text: summer

text: season

text: Steven Allan Spielberg, , (born December 18, 1946) is an American director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered one of the founding pioneers of the New Hollywood era, as well as being viewed as one of the most popular directors and producers in film history. He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios.

text: Steven

text: Allan

text: Spielberg

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: director

text: producer

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: He

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founding

text: pioneers

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Hollywood

text: era

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: being

text: viewed

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: directors

text: and

text: producers

text: in

text: film

text: history

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: co

text: founders

text: of

text: DreamWorks

text: Studios

text: 13 Going on 30 (known as Suddenly 30 in Australia and some other countries) is a 2004 American romantic comedy fantasy film written by Josh Goldsmith and Cathy Yuspa, and directed by Gary Winick. Starring Jennifer Garner, the film was produced by Revolution Studios for Columbia Pictures and it was released on April 23, 2004. It follows a 13-year-old girl who dreams of being popular. During her birthday party, she engages in the party game Seven Minutes in Heaven. The game turns out to be a humiliating experience for her, and she huddles alone in her basement, wishing over and over she was "thirty and flirty." When she eventually does emerge, she finds herself five days shy of her 30th birthday, uncertain to how she got there.

text: Going

text: on

text: known

text: as

text: Suddenly

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: countries

text: is

text: American

text: romantic

text: comedy

text: fantasy

text: film

text: written

text: by

text: Josh

text: Goldsmith

text: and

text: Cathy

text: Yuspa

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Gary

text: Winick

text: Starring

text: Jennifer

text: Garner

text: the

text: film

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Revolution

text: Studios

text: for

text: Columbia

text: Pictures

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: April

text: It

text: follows

text: old

text: girl

text: who

text: dreams

text: of

text: being

text: popular

text: During

text: her

text: birthday

text: party

text: she

text: engages

text: in

text: the

text: party

text: game

text: Seven

text: Minutes

text: in

text: Heaven

text: The

text: game

text: turns

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: humiliating

text: experience

text: for

text: her

text: and

text: she

text: huddles

text: alone

text: in

text: her

text: basement

text: wishing

text: over

text: and

text: over

text: she

text: was

text: thirty

text: and

text: flirty

text: When

text: she

text: eventually

text: does

text: emerge

text: she

text: finds

text: herself

text: five

text: days

text: shy

text: of

text: her

text: birthday

text: uncertain

text: to

text: how

text: she

text: got

text: there

text: Mark Alan Ruffalo (born November 22, 1967) is an American actor, humanitarian, social activist and film producer. He made his screen debut in an episode of "CBS Summer Playhouse" (1989), followed by minor film roles. He was part of the original cast of "This Is Our Youth" (1996), for which he was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award. Following were his roles in "13 Going on 30" (2004), "Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind" (2004)", Zodiac" (2007), and "What Doesn't Kill You" (2008). In 2010, he starred in the psychological thriller "Shutter Island" and the comedy-drama "The Kids Are All Right". For the latter, he received nominations for the SAG Award, BAFTA Award, and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He also co-starred in the mystery films "Now You See Me" and "Now You See Me 2" as FBI Special Agent Dylan Rhodes.

text: Mark

text: Alan

text: Ruffalo

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: humanitarian

text: social

text: activist

text: and

text: film

text: producer

text: He

text: made

text: his

text: screen

text: debut

text: in

text: an

text: episode

text: of

text: CBS

text: Summer

text: Playhouse

text: followed

text: by

text: minor

text: film

text: roles

text: He

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: cast

text: of

text: This

text: Is

text: Our

text: Youth

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: an

text: Independent

text: Spirit

text: Award

text: Following

text: were

text: his

text: roles

text: in

text: Going

text: on

text: Eternal

text: Sunshine

text: of

text: the

text: Spotless

text: Mind

text: Zodiac

text: and

text: What

text: Does

text: n't

text: Kill

text: You

text: In

text: he

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: psychological

text: thriller

text: Shutter

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: comedy

text: drama

text: The

text: Kids

text: Are

text: All

text: Right

text: For

text: the

text: latter

text: he

text: received

text: nominations

text: for

text: the

text: SAG

text: Award

text: BAFTA

text: Award

text: and

text: an

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actor

text: He

text: also

text: co

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: mystery

text: films

text: Now

text: You

text: See

text: Me

text: and

text: Now

text: You

text: See

text: Me

text: as

text: FBI

text: Special

text: Agent

text: Dylan

text: Rhodes

text: The Benchwarmers is a 2006 American sports-comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan. It stars Rob Schneider, David Spade, and Jon Heder. It is produced by Revolution Studios and Happy Madison Productions and is distributed by Columbia Pictures.

text: The

text: Benchwarmers

text: is

text: American

text: sports

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Dennis

text: Dugan

text: It

text: stars

text: Rob

text: Schneider

text: David

text: Spade

text: and

text: Jon

text: Heder

text: It

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: Revolution

text: Studios

text: and

text: Happy

text: Madison

text: Productions

text: and

text: is

text: distributed

text: by

text: Columbia

text: Pictures

text: Napoleon Dynamite is a 2004 American comedy film produced by Jeremy Coon, Chris Wyatt, Sean C. Covel and Jory Weitz, written by Jared and Jerusha Hess and directed by Jared Hess. The film stars Jon Heder in the role of the title character, for which he was paid $1,000. After the film's runaway success, Heder re-negotiated his compensation and received a cut of the profits. The film was Jared Hess' first full-length feature and is partially adapted from his earlier short film, "Peluca". "Napoleon Dynamite" was acquired at the Sundance Film Festival by Fox Searchlight Pictures and Paramount Pictures, in association with MTV Films. It was filmed in and near Franklin County, Idaho in the summer of 2003. It debuted at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2004. The film's total worldwide gross revenue was $46,118,097. The film has since developed a cult following.

text: Napoleon

text: Dynamite

text: is

text: American

text: comedy

text: film

text: produced

text: by

text: Jeremy

text: Coon

text: Chris

text: Wyatt

text: Sean

text: Covel

text: and

text: Jory

text: Weitz

text: written

text: by

text: Jared

text: and

text: Jerusha

text: Hess

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Jared

text: Hess

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Jon

text: Heder

text: in

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: paid

text: After

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: runaway

text: success

text: Heder

text: re

text: negotiated

text: his

text: compensation

text: and

text: received

text: cut

text: of

text: the

text: profits

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: Jared

text: Hess

text: first

text: full

text: length

text: feature

text: and

text: is

text: partially

text: adapted

text: from

text: his

text: earlier

text: short

text: film

text: Peluca

text: Napoleon

text: Dynamite

text: was

text: acquired

text: at

text: the

text: Sundance

text: Film

text: Festival

text: by

text: Fox

text: Searchlight

text: Pictures

text: and

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: MTV

text: Films

text: It

text: was

text: filmed

text: in

text: and

text: near

text: Franklin

text: County

text: Idaho

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: It

text: debuted

text: at

text: the

text: Sundance

text: Film

text: Festival

text: in

text: January

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: total

text: worldwide

text: gross

text: revenue

text: was

text: The

text: film

text: has

text: since

text: developed

text: cult

text: following

text: What Doesn't Kill You is a 2008 American crime drama based on the true life story of the film's director Brian Goodman, detailing his own exploits involved with South Boston's Irish Mob. Starring Ethan Hawke and Mark Ruffalo, it premiered at the 2008 Toronto International Film Festival, and was released on a very small scale in December 2008 due to the collapse of its distributor Yari Film Group and NBC adapted tv series "Crisis".

text: What

text: Does

text: n't

text: Kill

text: You

text: is

text: American

text: crime

text: drama

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: true

text: life

text: story

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: director

text: Brian

text: Goodman

text: detailing

text: his

text: own

text: exploits

text: involved

text: with

text: South

text: Boston

text: 's

text: Irish

text: Mob

text: Starring

text: Ethan

text: Hawke

text: and

text: Mark

text: Ruffalo

text: it

text: premiered

text: at

text: the

text: Toronto

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: and

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: very

text: small

text: scale

text: in

text: December

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: its

text: distributor

text: Yari

text: Film

text: Group

text: and

text: NBC

text: adapted

text: tv

text: series

text: Crisis

text: Mama's Boy is a 2007 American comedy-drama film starring Diane Keaton and Jon Heder, and features music by Mark Mothersbaugh. The film was distributed by Warner Bros. for a limited release to certain parts of the United States. "Mama's Boy" was directed by Tim Hamilton.

text: Mama

text: 's

text: Boy

text: is

text: American

text: comedy

text: drama

text: film

text: starring

text: Diane

text: Keaton

text: and

text: Jon

text: Heder

text: and

text: features

text: music

text: by

text: Mark

text: Mothersbaugh

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: distributed

text: by

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: for

text: limited

text: release

text: to

text: certain

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Mama

text: 's

text: Boy

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Tim

text: Hamilton

text: Mythology refers variously to the collected myths of a group of people or to the study of such myths. Myths are the stories people tell to explain nature, history and customs.

text: Mythology

text: refers

text: variously

text: to

text: the

text: collected

text: myths

text: of

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: or

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: such

text: myths

text: Myths

text: are

text: the

text: stories

text: people

text: tell

text: to

text: explain

text: nature

text: history

text: and

text: customs

question: distributor just like heaven

answer: dreamworks

text: dreamworks

text: dreamworks


text: The Forest of Dean is a geographical, historical and cultural region in the western part of the county of Gloucestershire, England. It forms a roughly triangular plateau bounded by the River Wye to the west and north-west, Herefordshire to the north, the River Severn to the south, and the City of Gloucester to the east.

text: The

text: Forest

text: of

text: Dean

text: is

text: geographical

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Gloucestershire

text: England

text: It

text: forms

text: roughly

text: triangular

text: plateau

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: River

text: Wye

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: Herefordshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Gloucester

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Highnam is a village and civil parish on the outskirts of the city of Gloucester . It is three miles northwest of the city on the A40 , on its way to Ross , west of Alney Island and Over Bridge . The parish includes the villages of Lassington and Over . In the 2001 census the parish had a population of 2,014 , reducing to 1,916 at the 2011 census . Highnam was originally made up of farm land , which explains some of its street names ( Brimsome Meadow , Poppy Field , Stoney Field , Long Field , Peters Field , Williams Orchard , et al . ) . As a village , Highnam is fairly small , containing a few social amenities . Its contents include the Church of the Holy Innocents , a school ( Highnam C of E Primary ) , a village hall , a day nursery , a village shop and a doctor 's surgery . The Arnold family were Lords of the Manor in the sixteenth century - the best known member of the family is Sir Nicholas Arnold ( died 1580 ) , Lord Deputy of Ireland . The wealthy artist and collector Thomas Gambier Parry purchased the Highnam Court estate in 1837 . He remodelled the Court and laid out the Highnam Court gardens ; he was one of the first to make a pinetum . Highnam Court gardens are now open to the public . His son , the composer Hubert Parry , learnt to play the organ in the church . Highnam has an eighteen hole golf course and a large business park just outside the main village . Aside from buildings , it is home to both football and cricket teams Highnam Court Cricket Club and also Beavers , Cubs , Scouts and Brownies groups . A new feature in 2007 was the addition of a Youth Café . Highnam Woods to the west of the village are managed by the RSPB as a nature reserve , and Lassington Woods are to the east of the village .

text: Highnam

text: is

text: village

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: on

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Gloucester

text: It

text: is

text: three

text: miles

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: on

text: its

text: way

text: to

text: Ross

text: west

text: of

text: Alney

text: Island

text: and

text: Over

text: Bridge

text: The

text: parish

text: includes

text: the

text: villages

text: of

text: Lassington

text: and

text: Over

text: In

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: parish

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: reducing

text: to

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: Highnam

text: was

text: originally

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: farm

text: land

text: which

text: explains

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: street

text: names

text: Brimsome

text: Meadow

text: Poppy

text: Field

text: Stoney

text: Field

text: Long

text: Field

text: Peters

text: Field

text: Williams

text: Orchard

text: et

text: al

text: As

text: village

text: Highnam

text: is

text: fairly

text: small

text: containing

text: few

text: social

text: amenities

text: Its

text: contents

text: include

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Innocents

text: school

text: Highnam

text: of

text: Primary

text: village

text: hall

text: day

text: nursery

text: village

text: shop

text: and

text: doctor

text: 's

text: surgery

text: The

text: Arnold

text: family

text: were

text: Lords

text: of

text: the

text: Manor

text: in

text: the

text: sixteenth

text: century

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: is

text: Sir

text: Nicholas

text: Arnold

text: died

text: Lord

text: Deputy

text: of

text: Ireland

text: The

text: wealthy

text: artist

text: and

text: collector

text: Thomas

text: Gambier

text: Parry

text: purchased

text: the

text: Highnam

text: Court

text: estate

text: in

text: He

text: remodelled

text: the

text: Court

text: and

text: laid

text: out

text: the

text: Highnam

text: Court

text: gardens

text: he

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: make

text: pinetum

text: Highnam

text: Court

text: gardens

text: are

text: now

text: open

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: His

text: son

text: the

text: composer

text: Hubert

text: Parry

text: learnt

text: to

text: play

text: the

text: organ

text: in

text: the

text: church

text: Highnam

text: has

text: an

text: eighteen

text: hole

text: golf

text: course

text: and

text: large

text: business

text: park

text: just

text: outside

text: the

text: main

text: village

text: Aside

text: from

text: buildings

text: it

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: both

text: football

text: and

text: cricket

text: teams

text: Highnam

text: Court

text: Cricket

text: Club

text: and

text: also

text: Beavers

text: Cubs

text: Scouts

text: and

text: Brownies

text: groups

text: new

text: feature

text: in

text: was

text: the

text: addition

text: of

text: Youth

text: Café

text: Highnam

text: Woods

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: village

text: are

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: RSPB

text: as

text: nature

text: reserve

text: and

text: Lassington

text: Woods

text: are

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: village

text: Alney Island is an island in the River Severn near Gloucester. The Severn splits into two channels (known as East Channel and West Channel) at Upper Parting (the northernmost tip of Alney), and merges again at "Lower Parting" to the south. The island is a strip of land in between the two channels, about 2.1 mi or 3.5 km long (roughly north-to-south) and 0.74 mi or 1.2 km wide at its widest (east-to-west). It is a local Nature Reserve.

text: Alney

text: Island

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: near

text: Gloucester

text: The

text: Severn

text: splits

text: into

text: two

text: channels

text: known

text: as

text: East

text: Channel

text: and

text: West

text: Channel

text: at

text: Upper

text: Parting

text: the

text: northernmost

text: tip

text: of

text: Alney

text: and

text: merges

text: again

text: at

text: Lower

text: Parting

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: island

text: is

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: in

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: channels

text: about

text: mi

text: or

text: km

text: long

text: roughly

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: and

text: mi

text: or

text: km

text: wide

text: at

text: its

text: widest

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: It

text: is

text: local

text: Nature

text: Reserve

text: Gloucester is a city and district in southwest England, the county city of Gloucestershire. Gloucester lies close to the Welsh border, on the River Severn, between the Cotswolds to the east and the Forest of Dean to the southwest.

text: Gloucester

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: district

text: in

text: southwest

text: England

text: the

text: county

text: city

text: of

text: Gloucestershire

text: Gloucester

text: lies

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Welsh

text: border

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: between

text: the

text: Cotswolds

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Forest

text: of

text: Dean

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Over Bridge, also known as Telford's Bridge, is a single span stone arch bridge spanning the canalised West Channel of the River Severn near Gloucester. It links Over to Alney Island.

text: Over

text: Bridge

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Telford

text: 's

text: Bridge

text: is

text: single

text: span

text: stone

text: arch

text: bridge

text: spanning

text: the

text: canalised

text: West

text: Channel

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: near

text: Gloucester

text: It

text: links

text: Over

text: to

text: Alney

text: Island

text: The Cotswolds is an area in south central England containing the Cotswold Hills, a range of rolling hills which rise from the meadows of the upper Thames to an escarpment, known as the Cotswold Edge, above the Severn Valley and Evesham Vale. The area is defined by the bedrock of Jurassic limestone that creates a type of grassland habitat rare in the UK and that is quarried for the golden coloured Cotswold stone. It contains unique features derived from the use of this mineral; the predominantly rural landscape contains stone-built villages, historical towns and stately homes and gardens.

text: The

text: Cotswolds

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: in

text: south

text: central

text: England

text: containing

text: the

text: Cotswold

text: Hills

text: range

text: of

text: rolling

text: hills

text: which

text: rise

text: from

text: the

text: meadows

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: Thames

text: to

text: an

text: escarpment

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cotswold

text: Edge

text: above

text: the

text: Severn

text: Valley

text: and

text: Evesham

text: Vale

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: bedrock

text: of

text: Jurassic

text: limestone

text: that

text: creates

text: type

text: of

text: grassland

text: habitat

text: rare

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: that

text: is

text: quarried

text: for

text: the

text: golden

text: coloured

text: Cotswold

text: stone

text: It

text: contains

text: unique

text: features

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: this

text: mineral

text: the

text: predominantly

text: rural

text: landscape

text: contains

text: stone

text: built

text: villages

text: historical

text: towns

text: and

text: stately

text: homes

text: and

text: gardens

text: A parish is a church territorial unit constituting a division within a diocese. A parish is under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of a parish priest, who might be assisted by one or more curates, and who operates from a parish church. Historically, a parish often covered the same geographical area as a manor (its association with the parish church remaining paramount).

text: parish

text: is

text: church

text: territorial

text: unit

text: constituting

text: division

text: within

text: diocese

text: parish

text: is

text: under

text: the

text: pastoral

text: care

text: and

text: clerical

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: parish

text: priest

text: who

text: might

text: be

text: assisted

text: by

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: curates

text: and

text: who

text: operates

text: from

text: parish

text: church

text: Historically

text: parish

text: often

text: covered

text: the

text: same

text: geographical

text: area

text: as

text: manor

text: its

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: parish

text: church

text: remaining

text: paramount

text: Local nature reserve or LNR is a designation for nature reserves in Great Britain. The designation has its origin in the recommendations of the Wild Life Conservation Special Committee which established the framework for nature conservation in the United Kingdom and suggested a national suite of protected areas comprising national nature reserves, conservation areas (which incorporated suggestions for Sites of Special Scientific Interest), national parks, geological monuments, local nature reserves and local educational nature reserves.

text: Local

text: nature

text: reserve

text: or

text: LNR

text: is

text: designation

text: for

text: nature

text: reserves

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: The

text: designation

text: has

text: its

text: origin

text: in

text: the

text: recommendations

text: of

text: the

text: Wild

text: Life

text: Conservation

text: Special

text: Committee

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: framework

text: for

text: nature

text: conservation

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: suggested

text: national

text: suite

text: of

text: protected

text: areas

text: comprising

text: national

text: nature

text: reserves

text: conservation

text: areas

text: which

text: incorporated

text: suggestions

text: for

text: Sites

text: of

text: Special

text: Scientific

text: Interest

text: national

text: parks

text: geological

text: monuments

text: local

text: nature

text: reserves

text: and

text: local

text: educational

text: nature

text: reserves

text: An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.

text: An

text: island

text: or

text: isle

text: is

text: any

text: piece

text: of

text: sub

text: continental

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: water

text: Very

text: small

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: emergent

text: land

text: features

text: on

text: atolls

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: islets

text: skerries

text: cays

text: or

text: keys

text: An

text: island

text: in

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: island

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: eyot

text: or

text: ait

text: and

text: small

text: island

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: holm

text: grouping

text: of

text: geographically

text: or

text: geologically

text: related

text: islands

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: archipelago

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Gloucestershire (; abbreviated Glos.) is a county in South West England. The county comprises part of the Cotswold Hills, part of the flat fertile valley of the River Severn, and the entire Forest of Dean.

text: Gloucestershire

text: abbreviated

text: Glos

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: The

text: county

text: comprises

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Cotswold

text: Hills

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: flat

text: fertile

text: valley

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: and

text: the

text: entire

text: Forest

text: of

text: Dean

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: The River Severn (Welsh: "Afon Hafren", Latin: "Sabrina") is the longest river in the United Kingdom, at about . It rises at an altitude of on Plynlimon, close to the Ceredigion/Powys border near Llanidloes, in the Cambrian Mountains of mid Wales. It then flows through Shropshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, with the county towns of Shrewsbury, Worcester and Gloucester on its banks. With an average discharge of at Apperley, Gloucestershire, the Severn is the greatest river in terms of water flow in England and Wales.

text: The

text: River

text: Severn

text: Welsh

text: Afon

text: Hafren

text: Latin

text: Sabrina

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: at

text: about

text: It

text: rises

text: at

text: an

text: altitude

text: of

text: on

text: Plynlimon

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Ceredigion

text: Powys

text: border

text: near

text: Llanidloes

text: in

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: Mountains

text: of

text: mid

text: Wales

text: It

text: then

text: flows

text: through

text: Shropshire

text: Worcestershire

text: and

text: Gloucestershire

text: with

text: the

text: county

text: towns

text: of

text: Shrewsbury

text: Worcester

text: and

text: Gloucester

text: on

text: its

text: banks

text: With

text: an

text: average

text: discharge

text: of

text: at

text: Apperley

text: Gloucestershire

text: the

text: Severn

text: is

text: the

text: greatest

text: river

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: water

text: flow

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: A unitary authority is a type of local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area or performs additional functions which elsewhere in the relevant country are usually performed by national government or a higher level of sub-national government.

text: unitary

text: authority

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: local

text: authority

text: that

text: has

text: single

text: tier

text: and

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: all

text: local

text: government

text: functions

text: within

text: its

text: area

text: or

text: performs

text: additional

text: functions

text: which

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: the

text: relevant

text: country

text: are

text: usually

text: performed

text: by

text: national

text: government

text: or

text: higher

text: level

text: of

text: sub

text: national

text: government

text: An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch. Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side. A viaduct (a long bridge) may be made from a series of arches, although other more economical structures are typically used today.

text: An

text: arch

text: bridge

text: is

text: bridge

text: with

text: abutments

text: at

text: each

text: end

text: shaped

text: as

text: curved

text: arch

text: Arch

text: bridges

text: work

text: by

text: transferring

text: the

text: weight

text: of

text: the

text: bridge

text: and

text: its

text: loads

text: partially

text: into

text: horizontal

text: thrust

text: restrained

text: by

text: the

text: abutments

text: at

text: either

text: side

text: viaduct

text: long

text: bridge

text: may

text: be

text: made

text: from

text: series

text: of

text: arches

text: although

text: other

text: more

text: economical

text: structures

text: are

text: typically

text: used

text: today

text: In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority. It is an administrative parish, in contrast to an ecclesiastical parish.

text: In

text: England

text: civil

text: parish

text: is

text: territorial

text: designation

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: lowest

text: tier

text: of

text: local

text: government

text: below

text: districts

text: and

text: counties

text: or

text: their

text: combined

text: form

text: the

text: unitary

text: authority

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: parish

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: an

text: ecclesiastical

text: parish

annotations: follows single

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity highnam

answer: gloucestershire

text: gloucestershire

text: gloucestershire

text: gloucestershire

text: gloucestershire

text: gloucestershire


text: Josephoartigasia is an extinct genus of giant rodent from the Early to Late Pliocene related to the living pacarana . The genus includes the largest known rodent , Josephoartigasia monesi . The two species would have resembled gigantic pacarana , or capybaras the size of cows . As the first specimen was found in Uruguay , it was named in honour of José Artigas , the libertador of the country .

text: Josephoartigasia

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: genus

text: of

text: giant

text: rodent

text: from

text: the

text: Early

text: to

text: Late

text: Pliocene

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: living

text: pacarana

text: The

text: genus

text: includes

text: the

text: largest

text: known

text: rodent

text: Josephoartigasia

text: monesi

text: The

text: two

text: species

text: would

text: have

text: resembled

text: gigantic

text: pacarana

text: or

text: capybaras

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: cows

text: As

text: the

text: first

text: specimen

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: Uruguay

text: it

text: was

text: named

text: in

text: honour

text: of

text: José

text: Artigas

text: the

text: libertador

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.

text: Binomial

text: nomenclature

text: also

text: called

text: binominal

text: nomenclature

text: or

text: binary

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: things

text: by

text: giving

text: each

text: name

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: use

text: Latin

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: Such

text: name

text: is

text: called

text: binomial

text: name

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: binomial

text: binomen

text: or

text: scientific

text: name

text: more

text: informally

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Latin

text: name

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: identifies

text: the

text: genus

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: species

text: belongs

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: identifies

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: example

text: humans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Homo

text: and

text: within

text: this

text: genus

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: The

text: formal

text: introduction

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: effectively

text: beginning

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: But

text: Gaspard

text: Bauhin

text: in

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: had

text: introduced

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Pinax

text: theatri

text: botanici

text: English

text: Illustrated

text: exposition

text: of

text: plants

text: many

text: names

text: of

text: genera

text: that

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Sir Charles Lyell. Its name comes from the Greek words (', less) and (', new) and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene. The Miocene follows the Oligocene Epoch and is followed by the Pliocene Epoch.

text: The

text: Miocene

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: geological

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: and

text: extends

text: from

text: about

text: Ma

text: The

text: Miocene

text: was

text: named

text: by

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Lyell

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: words

text: less

text: and

text: new

text: and

text: means

text: less

text: recent

text: because

text: it

text: has

text: fewer

text: modern

text: sea

text: invertebrates

text: than

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: The

text: Miocene

text: follows

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: Epoch

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: Epoch

text: The Dinomyidae are a family of South American hystricognath rodents: the dinomyids were once a very speciose group, but now contains only a single living species, the pacarana. Several of the extinct dinomyids were among the largest rodents known to date, the bison-sized "Josephoartigasia monesi" and the smaller "Josephoartigasia magna". The dinomyids are thought to have occupied ecological niches associated with large grazing mammals due to the lack of true ungulates in South America until its later connection to North America. The modern pacarana is only modest in size, considerably smaller than the capybara.

text: The

text: Dinomyidae

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: South

text: American

text: hystricognath

text: rodents

text: the

text: dinomyids

text: were

text: once

text: very

text: speciose

text: group

text: but

text: now

text: contains

text: only

text: single

text: living

text: species

text: the

text: pacarana

text: Several

text: of

text: the

text: extinct

text: dinomyids

text: were

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: rodents

text: known

text: to

text: date

text: the

text: bison

text: sized

text: Josephoartigasia

text: monesi

text: and

text: the

text: smaller

text: Josephoartigasia

text: magna

text: The

text: dinomyids

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: occupied

text: ecological

text: niches

text: associated

text: with

text: large

text: grazing

text: mammals

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: true

text: ungulates

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: until

text: its

text: later

text: connection

text: to

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: modern

text: pacarana

text: is

text: only

text: modest

text: in

text: size

text: considerably

text: smaller

text: than

text: the

text: capybara

text: Rodents (from Latin "rodere", "to gnaw") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents; they are found in vast numbers on all continents except Antarctica. They are the most diversified mammalian order and live in a variety of terrestrial habitats, including human-made environments.

text: Rodents

text: from

text: Latin

text: rodere

text: to

text: gnaw

text: are

text: mammals

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Rodentia

text: which

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: single

text: pair

text: of

text: continuously

text: growing

text: incisors

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: and

text: lower

text: jaws

text: About

text: of

text: all

text: mammal

text: species

text: are

text: rodents

text: they

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: vast

text: numbers

text: on

text: all

text: continents

text: except

text: Antarctica

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: diversified

text: mammalian

text: order

text: and

text: live

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: terrestrial

text: habitats

text: including

text: human

text: made

text: environments

text: The Neogene is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. The Neogene is sub-divided into two epochs, the earlier Miocene and the later Pliocene. Some geologists assert that the Neogene cannot be clearly delineated from the modern geological period, the Quaternary.

text: The

text: Neogene

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: Quaternary

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: Neogene

text: is

text: sub

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: epochs

text: the

text: earlier

text: Miocene

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: Pliocene

text: Some

text: geologists

text: assert

text: that

text: the

text: Neogene

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: clearly

text: delineated

text: from

text: the

text: modern

text: geological

text: period

text: the

text: Quaternary

text: Bolivia (; ), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil, to the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the northwest by Peru. One-third of the country is the Andean mountain range, with one of its largest cities and principal economic centers, El Alto, located on the Altiplano. Bolivia is one of two landlocked countries (the other is Paraguay) that lie outside Afro-Eurasia. Bolivia is the largest landlocked country in the Americas.

text: Bolivia

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Plurinational

text: State

text: of

text: Bolivia

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: western

text: central

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Paraguay

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: Chile

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Peru

text: One

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: the

text: Andean

text: mountain

text: range

text: with

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: largest

text: cities

text: and

text: principal

text: economic

text: centers

text: El

text: Alto

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Altiplano

text: Bolivia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: landlocked

text: countries

text: the

text: other

text: is

text: Paraguay

text: that

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: Bolivia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: A paca is a member of the genus Cuniculus of ground-dwelling, herbivorous rodents in South and Central America. It is the only genus in the family Cuniculidae. They are large rodents with dots and stripes on their sides, short ears, and barely visible tails. They are also referred to as "gibnuts" or "royal rats".

text: paca

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Cuniculus

text: of

text: ground

text: dwelling

text: herbivorous

text: rodents

text: in

text: South

text: and

text: Central

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: genus

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Cuniculidae

text: They

text: are

text: large

text: rodents

text: with

text: dots

text: and

text: stripes

text: on

text: their

text: sides

text: short

text: ears

text: and

text: barely

text: visible

text: tails

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: gibnuts

text: or

text: royal

text: rats

text: Josephoartigasia monesi, an extinct species of South American caviomorph rodent, is the largest rodent known, and lived from about 4 to 2 million years ago during the Pliocene to early Pleistocene. The species is one of two in the "Josephoartigasia" genus, the other being "J. magna". "J. monesi" is sometimes called the giant pacarana, after its closest living relative, the pacarana ("Dinomys branickii") in the family Dinomyidae. The species may have weighed a ton, considerably larger than its closest living relative, the pacarana.

text: Josephoartigasia

text: monesi

text: an

text: extinct

text: species

text: of

text: South

text: American

text: caviomorph

text: rodent

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: rodent

text: known

text: and

text: lived

text: from

text: about

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: during

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: to

text: early

text: Pleistocene

text: The

text: species

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: in

text: the

text: Josephoartigasia

text: genus

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: magna

text: monesi

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: giant

text: pacarana

text: after

text: its

text: closest

text: living

text: relative

text: the

text: pacarana

text: Dinomys

text: branickii

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Dinomyidae

text: The

text: species

text: may

text: have

text: weighed

text: ton

text: considerably

text: larger

text: than

text: its

text: closest

text: living

text: relative

text: the

text: pacarana

text: The Andes or Andean Mountains are the longest continental mountain range in the world. They are a continuous range of highlands along the western edge of South America. This range is about long, about wide (widest between 18° south and 20° south latitude), and of an average height of about . The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.

text: The

text: Andes

text: or

text: Andean

text: Mountains

text: are

text: the

text: longest

text: continental

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: They

text: are

text: continuous

text: range

text: of

text: highlands

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: This

text: range

text: is

text: about

text: long

text: about

text: wide

text: widest

text: between

text: south

text: and

text: south

text: latitude

text: and

text: of

text: an

text: average

text: height

text: of

text: about

text: The

text: Andes

text: extend

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: through

text: seven

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: Venezuela

text: Colombia

text: Ecuador

text: Peru

text: Bolivia

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Chile

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) Epoch is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP. It is the second and youngest epoch of the Neogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Pliocene follows the Miocene Epoch and is followed by the Pleistocene Epoch. Prior to the 2009 revision of the geologic time scale, which placed the four most recent major glaciations entirely within the Pleistocene, the Pliocene also included the Gelasian stage, which lasted from 2.588 to 1.806 million years ago, and is now included in the Pleistocene.

text: The

text: Pliocene

text: also

text: Pleiocene

text: Epoch

text: is

text: the

text: epoch

text: in

text: the

text: geologic

text: timescale

text: that

text: extends

text: from

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: BP

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: youngest

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: in

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Pliocene

text: follows

text: the

text: Miocene

text: Epoch

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: Epoch

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: revision

text: of

text: the

text: geologic

text: time

text: scale

text: which

text: placed

text: the

text: four

text: most

text: recent

text: major

text: glaciations

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: Gelasian

text: stage

text: which

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Pleistocene

text: Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands. The sister group of mammals may be the extinct "Haldanodon." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida, which together with the Sauropsida form the Amniota clade. The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria.

text: Mammals

text: are

text: any

text: vertebrates

text: within

text: the

text: class

text: Mammalia

text: from

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: breast

text: clade

text: of

text: endothermic

text: amniotes

text: distinguished

text: from

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: by

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: neocortex

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: hair

text: three

text: middle

text: ear

text: bones

text: and

text: mammary

text: glands

text: The

text: sister

text: group

text: of

text: mammals

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: extinct

text: Haldanodon

text: The

text: mammals

text: represent

text: the

text: only

text: living

text: Synapsida

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Sauropsida

text: form

text: the

text: Amniota

text: clade

text: The

text: mammals

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Yinotheria

text: including

text: monotrema

text: and

text: the

text: Theriiformes

text: including

text: the

text: theria

text: A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism. The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.

text: habitat

text: is

text: an

text: ecological

text: or

text: environmental

text: area

text: that

text: is

text: inhabited

text: by

text: particular

text: species

text: of

text: animal

text: plant

text: or

text: other

text: type

text: of

text: organism

text: The

text: term

text: typically

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: zone

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: organism

text: lives

text: and

text: where

text: it

text: can

text: find

text: food

text: shelter

text: protection

text: and

text: mates

text: for

text: reproduction

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: natural

text: environment

text: in

text: which

text: an

text: organism

text: lives

text: or

text: the

text: physical

text: environment

text: that

text: surrounds

text: species

text: population

text: Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a federal republic located on the northern coast of South America. It is bordered by Colombia on the west, Brazil on the south, Guyana on the east, and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east. Venezuela's territory covers around with an estimated population . Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity (currently ranks 7th in the world's list of nations with the most number of species), with habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rain-forest in the south, via extensive "llanos" plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.

text: Venezuela

text: officially

text: the

text: Bolivarian

text: Republic

text: of

text: Venezuela

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Colombia

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: Brazil

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: Guyana

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Tobago

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Venezuela

text: 's

text: territory

text: covers

text: around

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: Venezuela

text: is

text: considered

text: state

text: with

text: extremely

text: high

text: biodiversity

text: currently

text: ranks

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: list

text: of

text: nations

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: with

text: habitats

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: Andes

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: Amazon

text: Basin

text: rain

text: forest

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: via

text: extensive

text: llanos

text: plains

text: and

text: Caribbean

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: and

text: the

text: Orinoco

text: River

text: Delta

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: The Yungas (Aymara "yunka" warm or temperate Andes or earth, Quechua "yunka" warm area on the slopes of the Andes) is a narrow band of forest along the eastern slope of the Andes Mountains from Peru, Bolivia, and northern Argentina. It is a transitional zone between the Andean highlands and the eastern forests. Like the surrounding areas the Yungas belong to the Neotropic ecozone and climate is rainy, humid, and warm.

text: The

text: Yungas

text: Aymara

text: yunka

text: warm

text: or

text: temperate

text: Andes

text: or

text: earth

text: Quechua

text: yunka

text: warm

text: area

text: on

text: the

text: slopes

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: is

text: narrow

text: band

text: of

text: forest

text: along

text: the

text: eastern

text: slope

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: Mountains

text: from

text: Peru

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: northern

text: Argentina

text: It

text: is

text: transitional

text: zone

text: between

text: the

text: Andean

text: highlands

text: and

text: the

text: eastern

text: forests

text: Like

text: the

text: surrounding

text: areas

text: the

text: Yungas

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: Neotropic

text: ecozone

text: and

text: climate

text: is

text: rainy

text: humid

text: and

text: warm

text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text:
The pacarana ("Dinomys branickii") is a rare and slow-moving hystricognath rodent indigenous to South America. Native peoples of the region call it the "pacarana" (false paca) because it is superficially similar to the paca, a different rodent which is not in the same family. The pacarana has a chunky body and is large for a rodent, weighing up to and measuring up to in length, not including the thick, furry tail.
The pacarana is nocturnal and occurs only in tropical forests of the western Amazon River basin and adjacent foothills of the Andes Mountains. It ranges from northwestern Venezuela and Colombia to western Bolivia, including the Yungas. It is common in Cotapata National Park in Bolivia.

text: The

text: pacarana

text: Dinomys

text: branickii

text: is

text: rare

text: and

text: slow

text: moving

text: hystricognath

text: rodent

text: indigenous

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: Native

text: peoples

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: call

text: it

text: the

text: pacarana

text: false

text: paca

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: superficially

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: paca

text: different

text: rodent

text: which

text: is

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: family

text: The

text: pacarana

text: has

text: chunky

text: body

text: and

text: is

text: large

text: for

text: rodent

text: weighing

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: measuring

text: up

text: to

text: in

text: length

text: not

text: including

text: the

text: thick

text: furry

text: tail

text: The

text: pacarana

text: is

text: nocturnal

text: and

text: occurs

text: only

text: in

text: tropical

text: forests

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: Amazon

text: River

text: basin

text: and

text: adjacent

text: foothills

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: Mountains

text: It

text: ranges

text: from

text: northwestern

text: Venezuela

text: and

text: Colombia

text: to

text: western

text: Bolivia

text: including

text: the

text: Yungas

text: It

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: Cotapata

text: National

text: Park

text: in

text: Bolivia

annotations: likely multiple

question: parent_taxon josephoartigasia

answer: dinomyidae

text: dinomyidae

text: dinomyidae