text: Contemporary philosophy is the present period in the history of Western philosophy beginning at the end of the 19th century with the professionalization of the discipline and the rise of analytic and continental philosophy.

text: Contemporary

text: philosophy

text: is

text: the

text: present

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Western

text: philosophy

text: beginning

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: professionalization

text: of

text: the

text: discipline

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: analytic

text: and

text: continental

text: philosophy

text: Truth is most often used to mean being in accord with fact or reality, or fidelity to an original or standard. Truth may also often be used in modern contexts to refer to an idea of "truth to self," or authenticity.

text: Truth

text: is

text: most

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: mean

text: being

text: in

text: accord

text: with

text: fact

text: or

text: reality

text: or

text: fidelity

text: to

text: an

text: original

text: or

text: standard

text: Truth

text: may

text: also

text: often

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: modern

text: contexts

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: an

text: idea

text: of

text: truth

text: to

text: self

text: or

text: authenticity

text: In mathematics, computer science, and linguistics, a formal language is a set of strings of symbols together with a set of rules that are specific to it.

text: In

text: mathematics

text: computer

text: science

text: and

text: linguistics

text: formal

text: language

text: is

text: set

text: of

text: strings

text: of

text: symbols

text: together

text: with

text: set

text: of

text: rules

text: that

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: it

text: The logical form of a sentence ( or proposition or statement or truthbearer ) or set of sentences is the form obtained by abstracting from the subject matter of its content terms or by regarding the content terms as mere placeholders or blanks on a form . In an ideal logical language , the logical form can be determined from syntax alone ; formal languages used in formal sciences are examples of such languages . Logical form , however , should not be confused with the mere syntax used to represent it ; there may be more than one string that represents the same logical form in a given language . The logical form of an argument is called the argument form or test form of the argument .

text: The

text: logical

text: form

text: of

text: sentence

text: or

text: proposition

text: or

text: statement

text: or

text: truthbearer

text: or

text: set

text: of

text: sentences

text: is

text: the

text: form

text: obtained

text: by

text: abstracting

text: from

text: the

text: subject

text: matter

text: of

text: its

text: content

text: terms

text: or

text: by

text: regarding

text: the

text: content

text: terms

text: as

text: mere

text: placeholders

text: or

text: blanks

text: on

text: form

text: In

text: an

text: ideal

text: logical

text: language

text: the

text: logical

text: form

text: can

text: be

text: determined

text: from

text: syntax

text: alone

text: formal

text: languages

text: used

text: in

text: formal

text: sciences

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: such

text: languages

text: Logical

text: form

text: however

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: mere

text: syntax

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: it

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: string

text: that

text: represents

text: the

text: same

text: logical

text: form

text: in

text: given

text: language

text: The

text: logical

text: form

text: of

text: an

text: argument

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: argument

text: form

text: or

text: test

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: argument

text: In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order. The term "syntax" is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes. The goal of many syntacticians is to discover the syntactic rules common to all languages.

text: In

text: linguistics

text: syntax

text: is

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: rules

text: principles

text: and

text: processes

text: that

text: govern

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: sentences

text: in

text: given

text: language

text: specifically

text: word

text: order

text: The

text: term

text: syntax

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: such

text: principles

text: and

text: processes

text: The

text: goal

text: of

text: many

text: syntacticians

text: is

text: to

text: discover

text: the

text: syntactic

text: rules

text: common

text: to

text: all

text: languages

text: A propositional attitude is a mental state held by an agent toward a proposition. Propositional attitudes are often assumed to be the fundamental units of thought and their contents, being propositions, are true or false. An agent can have different propositional attitudes toward the same proposition (e.g., S believes that her ice-cream is cold, and S fears that her ice-cream is cold).

text: propositional

text: attitude

text: is

text: mental

text: state

text: held

text: by

text: an

text: agent

text: toward

text: proposition

text: Propositional

text: attitudes

text: are

text: often

text: assumed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: fundamental

text: units

text: of

text: thought

text: and

text: their

text: contents

text: being

text: propositions

text: are

text: true

text: or

text: false

text: An

text: agent

text: can

text: have

text: different

text: propositional

text: attitudes

text: toward

text: the

text: same

text: proposition

text: e.g.

text: believes

text: that

text: her

text: ice

text: cream

text: is

text: cold

text: and

text: fears

text: that

text: her

text: ice

text: cream

text: is

text: cold

text: Linguistics is the scientific study of language, and involves an analysis of language form, language meaning, and language in context. The earliest activities in the documentation and description of language have been attributed to the 4th century BCE Indian grammarian Pini who wrote a formal description of the Sanskrit language in his "".

text: Linguistics

text: is

text: the

text: scientific

text: study

text: of

text: language

text: and

text: involves

text: an

text: analysis

text: of

text: language

text: form

text: language

text: meaning

text: and

text: language

text: in

text: context

text: The

text: earliest

text: activities

text: in

text: the

text: documentation

text: and

text: description

text: of

text: language

text: have

text: been

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Indian

text: grammarian

text: Pini

text: who

text: wrote

text: formal

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: Sanskrit

text: language

text: in

text: his

text: Belief is the state of mind in which a person thinks something to be the case, with or without there being empirical evidence to prove that something is the case with factual certainty. Another way of defining belief sees it as a mental representation of an attitude positively oriented towards the likelihood of something being true. In the context of Ancient Greek thought, two related concepts were identified with regards to the concept of belief: "pistis" and "doxa". Simplified, we may say that "pistis" refers to "trust" and "confidence", while "doxa" refers to "opinion" and "acceptance". The English word "orthodoxy" derives from "doxa". Jonathan Leicester suggests that belief has the purpose of guiding action rather than indicating truth.

text: Belief

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: mind

text: in

text: which

text: person

text: thinks

text: something

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: case

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: there

text: being

text: empirical

text: evidence

text: to

text: prove

text: that

text: something

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: with

text: factual

text: certainty

text: Another

text: way

text: of

text: defining

text: belief

text: sees

text: it

text: as

text: mental

text: representation

text: of

text: an

text: attitude

text: positively

text: oriented

text: towards

text: the

text: likelihood

text: of

text: something

text: being

text: true

text: In

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: thought

text: two

text: related

text: concepts

text: were

text: identified

text: with

text: regards

text: to

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: belief

text: pistis

text: and

text: doxa

text: Simplified

text: we

text: may

text: say

text: that

text: pistis

text: refers

text: to

text: trust

text: and

text: confidence

text: while

text: doxa

text: refers

text: to

text: opinion

text: and

text: acceptance

text: The

text: English

text: word

text: orthodoxy

text: derives

text: from

text: doxa

text: Jonathan

text: Leicester

text: suggests

text: that

text: belief

text: has

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: guiding

text: action

text: rather

text: than

text: indicating

text: truth

text: In linguistics, word order typology is the study of the order of the syntactic constituents of a language, and how different languages can employ different orders. Correlations between orders found in different syntactic sub-domains are also of interest. The primary word orders that are of interest are the "constituent order" of a clause  the relative order of subject, object, and verb; the order of modifiers (adjectives, numerals, demonstratives, possessives, and adjuncts) in a noun phrase; and the order of adverbials.

text: In

text: linguistics

text: word

text: order

text: typology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: the

text: syntactic

text: constituents

text: of

text: language

text: and

text: how

text: different

text: languages

text: can

text: employ

text: different

text: orders

text: Correlations

text: between

text: orders

text: found

text: in

text: different

text: syntactic

text: sub

text: domains

text: are

text: also

text: of

text: interest

text: The

text: primary

text: word

text: orders

text: that

text: are

text: of

text: interest

text: are

text: the

text: constituent

text: order

text: of

text: clause

text: the

text: relative

text: order

text: of

text: subject

text: object

text: and

text: verb

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: modifiers

text: adjectives

text: numerals

text: demonstratives

text: possessives

text: and

text: adjuncts

text: in

text: noun

text: phrase

text: and

text: the

text: order

text: of

text: adverbials

text: The term proposition has a broad use in contemporary philosophy. It is used to refer to some or all of the following: the primary bearers of truth-value, the objects of belief and other "propositional attitudes" (i.e., what is believed, doubted, etc.), the referents of that-clauses, and the meanings of declarative sentences. Propositions are the sharable objects of attitudes and the primary bearers of truth and falsity. This stipulation rules out certain candidates for propositions, including thought- and utterance-tokens which are not sharable, and concrete events or facts, which cannot be false.

text: The

text: term

text: proposition

text: has

text: broad

text: use

text: in

text: contemporary

text: philosophy

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: following

text: the

text: primary

text: bearers

text: of

text: truth

text: value

text: the

text: objects

text: of

text: belief

text: and

text: other

text: propositional

text: attitudes

text: i.e.

text: what

text: is

text: believed

text: doubted

text: etc

text: the

text: referents

text: of

text: that

text: clauses

text: and

text: the

text: meanings

text: of

text: declarative

text: sentences

text: Propositions

text: are

text: the

text: sharable

text: objects

text: of

text: attitudes

text: and

text: the

text: primary

text: bearers

text: of

text: truth

text: and

text: falsity

text: This

text: stipulation

text: rules

text: out

text: certain

text: candidates

text: for

text: propositions

text: including

text: thought-

text: and

text: utterance

text: tokens

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: sharable

text: and

text: concrete

text: events

text: or

text: facts

text: which

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: false

text: Computer science is the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers. It is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications and the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the methodical procedures (or algorithms) that underlie the acquisition, representation, processing, storage, communication of, and access to information. An alternate, more succinct definition of computer science is the study of automating algorithmic processes that scale. A computer scientist specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computational systems.

text: Computer

text: science

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: theory

text: experimentation

text: and

text: engineering

text: that

text: form

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: design

text: and

text: use

text: of

text: computers

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: scientific

text: and

text: practical

text: approach

text: to

text: computation

text: and

text: its

text: applications

text: and

text: the

text: systematic

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: feasibility

text: structure

text: expression

text: and

text: mechanization

text: of

text: the

text: methodical

text: procedures

text: or

text: algorithms

text: that

text: underlie

text: the

text: acquisition

text: representation

text: processing

text: storage

text: communication

text: of

text: and

text: access

text: to

text: information

text: An

text: alternate

text: more

text: succinct

text: definition

text: of

text: computer

text: science

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: automating

text: algorithmic

text: processes

text: that

text: scale

text: computer

text: scientist

text: specializes

text: in

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: computation

text: and

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: computational

text: systems

text: A referent is a person or thing to which a linguistic expression or other symbol refers. For example, in the sentence "Mary saw me", the referent of the word "Mary" is the particular person called Mary who is being spoken of, while the referent of the word "me" is the person uttering the sentence.

text: referent

text: is

text: person

text: or

text: thing

text: to

text: which

text: linguistic

text: expression

text: or

text: other

text: symbol

text: refers

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: the

text: sentence

text: Mary

text: saw

text: me

text: the

text: referent

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: Mary

text: is

text: the

text: particular

text: person

text: called

text: Mary

text: who

text: is

text: being

text: spoken

text: of

text: while

text: the

text: referent

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: me

text: is

text: the

text: person

text: uttering

text: the

text: sentence

question: subclass_of logical form

answer: information

text: information


text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.

text: Mexico

text: modern

text: Nahuatl

text: officially

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Guatemala

text: Belize

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Covering

text: almost

text: two

text: million

text: square

text: kilometers

text: over

text: sq

text: mi

text: Mexico

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: Mexico

text: is

text: federation

text: comprising

text: states

text: and

text: federal

text: district

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Guadalajara

text: Monterrey

text: Puebla

text: Toluca

text: Tijuana

text: and

text: León

text: Joaquín Rodríguez ( July 20 , 1743 -- January 27 , 1800 ) , better known as Costillares , was a Spanish bullfighter who has been considered the father of modern spectator bullfighting .

text: Joaquín

text: Rodríguez

text: July

text: January

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Costillares

text: was

text: Spanish

text: bullfighter

text: who

text: has

text: been

text: considered

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: modern

text: spectator

text: bullfighting

text: The MATADOR (Man-portable Anti-Tank, Anti-DOoR) is a man-portable, disposable anti-armor weapon system developed in collaboration between Israel and Singapore. It is an updated version of the German Armbrust design, and operates on the same principles. The development of this weapon began in 2000 and the MATADOR will eventually replace the German-Singaporean Armbrust Light Anti-tank Weapon, which has been in service since the 1980s.

text: The

text: MATADOR

text: Man

text: portable

text: Anti

text: Tank

text: Anti

text: DOoR

text: is

text: man

text: portable

text: disposable

text: anti

text: armor

text: weapon

text: system

text: developed

text: in

text: collaboration

text: between

text: Israel

text: and

text: Singapore

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: updated

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Armbrust

text: design

text: and

text: operates

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: principles

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: this

text: weapon

text: began

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: MATADOR

text: will

text: eventually

text: replace

text: the

text: German

text: Singaporean

text: Armbrust

text: Light

text: Anti

text: tank

text: Weapon

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: service

text: since

text: the

text: "Torero" or "toureiro" (both from Latin "taurarius", bullfighter) is the Spanish word for bullfighter and describes all the performers in the sport of bullfighting as practised in Spain, Portugal, Mexico, Peru, France and other countries influenced by Spanish culture. The performers who participate in the bullfight include: the main performer, who is the leader of an entourage and the one who kills the bull and is addressed as "maestro" (master), or with the formal title "matador de toros" (killer of bulls); the other bullfighters in the entourage are called "subalternos" and their suits are embroidered in silver as opposed to the matador's more-theatrical gold, and include "picadores", "rejoneadores", and "banderilleros".

text: Torero

text: or

text: toureiro

text: both

text: from

text: Latin

text: taurarius

text: bullfighter

text: is

text: the

text: Spanish

text: word

text: for

text: bullfighter

text: and

text: describes

text: all

text: the

text: performers

text: in

text: the

text: sport

text: of

text: bullfighting

text: as

text: practised

text: in

text: Spain

text: Portugal

text: Mexico

text: Peru

text: France

text: and

text: other

text: countries

text: influenced

text: by

text: Spanish

text: culture

text: The

text: performers

text: who

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: bullfight

text: include

text: the

text: main

text: performer

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: an

text: entourage

text: and

text: the

text: one

text: who

text: kills

text: the

text: bull

text: and

text: is

text: addressed

text: as

text: maestro

text: master

text: or

text: with

text: the

text: formal

text: title

text: matador

text: de

text: toros

text: killer

text: of

text: bulls

text: the

text: other

text: bullfighters

text: in

text: the

text: entourage

text: are

text: called

text: subalternos

text: and

text: their

text: suits

text: are

text: embroidered

text: in

text: silver

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: matador

text: 's

text: more

text: theatrical

text: gold

text: and

text: include

text: picadores

text: rejoneadores

text: and

text: banderilleros

text: Dehesa is a multifunctional agro-sylvo-pastoral system (a type of agroforestry) and cultural landscape of southern and central Spain and southern Portugal, where it is known as montado. Dehesas may be private or communal property (usually belonging to the municipality). Used primarily for grazing, they produce a variety of products including non-timber forest products such as wild game, mushrooms, honey, cork, and firewood. It is also used as natural habitat for the Spanish fighting bull and the Iberian pig. The tree component is oaks, usually holm ("Quercus ilex") and cork ("Quercus suber"). Other oaks, including melojo ("Quercus pyrenaica") and quejigo ("Quercus faginea"), may be used to form dehesa, the species depending on geographical location and elevation. Dehesa is an anthropogenic system that provides not only a variety of foods, but also wildlife habitat for endangered species such as the Iberian lynx and the Spanish imperial eagle.

text: Dehesa

text: is

text: multifunctional

text: agro

text: sylvo

text: pastoral

text: system

text: type

text: of

text: agroforestry

text: and

text: cultural

text: landscape

text: of

text: southern

text: and

text: central

text: Spain

text: and

text: southern

text: Portugal

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: montado

text: Dehesas

text: may

text: be

text: private

text: or

text: communal

text: property

text: usually

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: municipality

text: Used

text: primarily

text: for

text: grazing

text: they

text: produce

text: variety

text: of

text: products

text: including

text: non

text: timber

text: forest

text: products

text: such

text: as

text: wild

text: game

text: mushrooms

text: honey

text: cork

text: and

text: firewood

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: natural

text: habitat

text: for

text: the

text: Spanish

text: fighting

text: bull

text: and

text: the

text: Iberian

text: pig

text: The

text: tree

text: component

text: is

text: oaks

text: usually

text: holm

text: Quercus

text: ilex

text: and

text: cork

text: Quercus

text: suber

text: Other

text: oaks

text: including

text: melojo

text: Quercus

text: pyrenaica

text: and

text: quejigo

text: Quercus

text: faginea

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: form

text: dehesa

text: the

text: species

text: depending

text: on

text: geographical

text: location

text: and

text: elevation

text: Dehesa

text: is

text: an

text: anthropogenic

text: system

text: that

text: provides

text: not

text: only

text: variety

text: of

text: foods

text: but

text: also

text: wildlife

text: habitat

text: for

text: endangered

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Iberian

text: lynx

text: and

text: the

text: Spanish

text: imperial

text: eagle

text:
Bullfighting (or ; or ), also known as tauromachia or tauromachy (, ; from "bull-fight"), is a traditional spectacle of Spain, Portugal, parts of southern France and some Latin American countries (Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela and Peru), in which one or more bulls are fought by humans in a bullring. Although it can be defined as a blood sport, within the areas where it is practiced it is not considered a sport. Instead, it is considered a highly ritualized cultural event and art form which some see as deeply tied to Spanish culture and identity.
The bullfight, as it is practiced today, involves professional "toreros" (of whom the most senior, who actually kills the bull, is called a matador) who execute various formal moves which have a meaning, or at least a name, according to the bullfighter's style or school. It has been alleged that toreros seek to elicit inspiration and art from their work and an emotional connection with the crowd transmitted through the bull. The close proximity places the bullfighter at risk of being gored or trampled by the bull. After the bull has been hooked multiple times behind the shoulder by other toreros in the arena, the bullfight usually concludes with the killing of the bull, ideally by a single sword thrust, which is called the "estocada". Sometimes, the life of the bull is spared due to his braveness ("indulto"); once the animal has been treated, it is returned to live in the dehesa. Such pardons are nevertheless rare. In Portugal, the finale consists of a tradition called the "pega", where men ("forcados") try to grab and hold the bull by its horns when it runs at them.

text: Bullfighting

text: or

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: tauromachia

text: or

text: tauromachy

text: from

text: bull

text: fight

text: is

text: traditional

text: spectacle

text: of

text: Spain

text: Portugal

text: parts

text: of

text: southern

text: France

text: and

text: some

text: Latin

text: American

text: countries

text: Mexico

text: Colombia

text: Ecuador

text: Venezuela

text: and

text: Peru

text: in

text: which

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: bulls

text: are

text: fought

text: by

text: humans

text: in

text: bullring

text: Although

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: defined

text: as

text: blood

text: sport

text: within

text: the

text: areas

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: practiced

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: considered

text: sport

text: Instead

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: highly

text: ritualized

text: cultural

text: event

text: and

text: art

text: form

text: which

text: some

text: see

text: as

text: deeply

text: tied

text: to

text: Spanish

text: culture

text: and

text: identity

text: The

text: bullfight

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: practiced

text: today

text: involves

text: professional

text: toreros

text: of

text: whom

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: who

text: actually

text: kills

text: the

text: bull

text: is

text: called

text: matador

text: who

text: execute

text: various

text: formal

text: moves

text: which

text: have

text: meaning

text: or

text: at

text: least

text: name

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: bullfighter

text: 's

text: style

text: or

text: school

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: alleged

text: that

text: toreros

text: seek

text: to

text: elicit

text: inspiration

text: and

text: art

text: from

text: their

text: work

text: and

text: an

text: emotional

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: crowd

text: transmitted

text: through

text: the

text: bull

text: The

text: close

text: proximity

text: places

text: the

text: bullfighter

text: at

text: risk

text: of

text: being

text: gored

text: or

text: trampled

text: by

text: the

text: bull

text: After

text: the

text: bull

text: has

text: been

text: hooked

text: multiple

text: times

text: behind

text: the

text: shoulder

text: by

text: other

text: toreros

text: in

text: the

text: arena

text: the

text: bullfight

text: usually

text: concludes

text: with

text: the

text: killing

text: of

text: the

text: bull

text: ideally

text: by

text: single

text: sword

text: thrust

text: which

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: estocada

text: Sometimes

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: bull

text: is

text: spared

text: due

text: to

text: his

text: braveness

text: indulto

text: once

text: the

text: animal

text: has

text: been

text: treated

text: it

text: is

text: returned

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: dehesa

text: Such

text: pardons

text: are

text: nevertheless

text: rare

text: In

text: Portugal

text: the

text: finale

text: consists

text: of

text: tradition

text: called

text: the

text: pega

text: where

text: men

text: forcados

text: try

text: to

text: grab

text: and

text: hold

text: the

text: bull

text: by

text: its

text: horns

text: when

text: it

text: runs

text: at

text: them

text: Portugal (Portuguese: ), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: ), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe. To the west and south it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and to the east and north by Spain. The PortugalSpain border is long and considered the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union. The republic also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.

text: Portugal

text: Portuguese

text: officially

text: the

text: Portuguese

text: Republic

text: Portuguese

text: is

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: Southwestern

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: country

text: of

text: mainland

text: Europe

text: To

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: north

text: by

text: Spain

text: The

text: PortugalSpain

text: border

text: is

text: long

text: and

text: considered

text: the

text: longest

text: uninterrupted

text: border

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: republic

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: archipelagos

text: of

text: the

text: Azores

text: and

text: Madeira

text: both

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: with

text: their

text: own

text: regional

text: governments

text: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.

text: Spain

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: largely

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Europe

text: with

text: two

text: large

text: archipelagos

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: two

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: mainland

text: and

text: several

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Alboran

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: Moroccan

text: coast

text: Its

text: mainland

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Gibraltar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: France

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: border

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: country

text: Morocco

text: and

text: its

text: African

text: territory

text: accounts

text: for

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a federal republic located on the northern coast of South America. It is bordered by Colombia on the west, Brazil on the south, Guyana on the east, and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east. Venezuela's territory covers around with an estimated population . Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity (currently ranks 7th in the world's list of nations with the most number of species), with habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rain-forest in the south, via extensive "llanos" plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.

text: Venezuela

text: officially

text: the

text: Bolivarian

text: Republic

text: of

text: Venezuela

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Colombia

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: Brazil

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: Guyana

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Tobago

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Venezuela

text: 's

text: territory

text: covers

text: around

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: Venezuela

text: is

text: considered

text: state

text: with

text: extremely

text: high

text: biodiversity

text: currently

text: ranks

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: list

text: of

text: nations

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: with

text: habitats

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: Andes

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: Amazon

text: Basin

text: rain

text: forest

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: via

text: extensive

text: llanos

text: plains

text: and

text: Caribbean

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: and

text: the

text: Orinoco

text: River

text: Delta

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Colombia (or ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a transcontinental country largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America. Colombia shares a border to the northwest with Panama, to the east with Venezuela and Brazil and to the south with Ecuador and Peru. It shares its maritime limits with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic and Haiti. It is a unitary, constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples including the Muisca, the Quimbaya and the Tairona.

text: Colombia

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Colombia

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: largely

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: with

text: territories

text: in

text: Central

text: America

text: Colombia

text: shares

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: with

text: Panama

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: Venezuela

text: and

text: Brazil

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: with

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Peru

text: It

text: shares

text: its

text: maritime

text: limits

text: with

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: Nicaragua

text: Honduras

text: Jamaica

text: the

text: Dominican

text: Republic

text: and

text: Haiti

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: constitutional

text: republic

text: comprising

text: thirty

text: two

text: departments

text: The

text: territory

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Colombia

text: was

text: originally

text: inhabited

text: by

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: including

text: the

text: Muisca

text: the

text: Quimbaya

text: and

text: the

text: Tairona

text: Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Americas where Romance languages are predominant. The term originated in 19th century France as "Amérique latine" to consider French-speaking territories in the Americas (Haiti, French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy) along with the larger group of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed. It is therefore broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic Americathough it usually excludes French Canada and modern French Louisiana.

text: Latin

text: America

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: countries

text: and

text: dependencies

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: where

text: Romance

text: languages

text: are

text: predominant

text: The

text: term

text: originated

text: in

text: century

text: France

text: as

text: Amérique

text: latine

text: to

text: consider

text: French

text: speaking

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Haiti

text: French

text: Guiana

text: Martinique

text: Guadeloupe

text: Saint

text: Martin

text: Saint

text: Barthélemy

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: larger

text: group

text: of

text: countries

text: where

text: Spanish

text: and

text: Portuguese

text: languages

text: prevailed

text: It

text: is

text: therefore

text: broader

text: than

text: the

text: terms

text: Ibero

text: America

text: or

text: Hispanic

text: Americathough

text: it

text: usually

text: excludes

text: French

text: Canada

text: and

text: modern

text: French

text: Louisiana

text: Peru , officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.

text: Peru

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Peru

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Colombia

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Brazil

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Chile

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Peru

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: biodiverse

text: country

text: with

text: habitats

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: arid

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coastal

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: peaks

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: mountains

text: vertically

text: extending

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: the

text: tropical

text: Amazon

text: Basin

text: rainforest

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Amazon

text: river

text: Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador (which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"), is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific, about west of the mainland.

text: Ecuador

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ecuador

text: which

text: literally

text: translates

text: as

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Equator

text: is

text: representative

text: democratic

text: republic

text: in

text: northwestern

text: South

text: America

text: bordered

text: by

text: Colombia

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Peru

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Ecuador

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: Galápagos

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: about

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: mainland

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely single

question: country_of_citizenship costillares

answer: spain

text: spain

text: spain

text: spain

text: spain

text: spain

text: spain


text: Ticino , formally the Republic and Canton of Ticino (;  ; see also in other languages) is the southernmost canton of Switzerland. Ticino borders the Canton of Uri to the north, Valais to the west (through the Novena Pass), Graubünden to the northeast, Italy's regions of Piedmont and Lombardy to the south and it surrounds the small Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia.

text: Ticino

text: formally

text: the

text: Republic

text: and

text: Canton

text: of

text: Ticino

text: see

text: also

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: canton

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Ticino

text: borders

text: the

text: Canton

text: of

text: Uri

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Valais

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: through

text: the

text: Novena

text: Pass

text: Graubünden

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Italy

text: 's

text: regions

text: of

text: Piedmont

text: and

text: Lombardy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: it

text: surrounds

text: the

text: small

text: Italian

text: exclave

text: of

text: Campione

text: d'Italia

text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: Montagnola is a small Swiss village in Collina d'Oro municipality. Located in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino, it is close to the border between Switzerland and Italy. It looks over Lake Lugano and the city of Lugano upon it. It falls within the local parish of Sant'Abbondio Gentilino.

text: Montagnola

text: is

text: small

text: Swiss

text: village

text: in

text: Collina

text: d'Oro

text: municipality

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Italian

text: speaking

text: canton

text: of

text: Ticino

text: it

text: is

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: Italy

text: It

text: looks

text: over

text: Lake

text: Lugano

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Lugano

text: upon

text: it

text: It

text: falls

text: within

text: the

text: local

text: parish

text: of

text: Sant'Abbondio

text: Gentilino

text: The city of Bern or Berne (; Bernese German: "Bärn" ) is the de facto capital of Switzerland, referred to by the Swiss as their (e.g. in German) "Bundesstadt," or "federal city". With a population of 141,762 (November 2016), Bern is the fourth most populous city in Switzerland. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. The metropolitan area had a population of 660,000 in 2000. Bern is also the capital of the canton of Bern, the second most populous of Switzerland's cantons.

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: or

text: Berne

text: Bernese

text: German

text: Bärn

text: is

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: capital

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: Swiss

text: as

text: their

text: e.g.

text: in

text: German

text: Bundesstadt

text: or

text: federal

text: city

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: November

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: Bern

text: agglomeration

text: which

text: includes

text: municipalities

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: Bern

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: canton

text: of

text: Bern

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: 's

text: cantons

text: Lugano  is a city in southern Switzerland in the Italian-speaking canton of Ticino bordering Italy. It has a population of 71,500, and an urban agglomeration over 145,000. The 9th largest Swiss city, it is the largest in Ticino and largest with an Italian speaking majority outside Italy.

text: Lugano

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: southern

text: Switzerland

text: in

text: the

text: Italian

text: speaking

text: canton

text: of

text: Ticino

text: bordering

text: Italy

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: over

text: The

text: largest

text: Swiss

text: city

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Ticino

text: and

text: largest

text: with

text: an

text: Italian

text: speaking

text: majority

text: outside

text: Italy

text: Geneva (, , , ) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva.

text: Geneva

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: after

text: Zürich

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Romandy

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: part

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Situated

text: where

text: the

text: Rhône

text: exits

text: Lake

text: Geneva

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: and

text: Canton

text: of

text: Geneva

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Lake Lugano (or , from ) is a glacial lake which is situated on the border between southern Switzerland and northern Italy. The lake, named after the city of Lugano, is situated between Lake Como and Lago Maggiore. It was cited for the first time by Gregory of Tours in 590 with the name "Ceresio", a name which is said to have derived from the Latin word "cerasus", meaning cherry, and refers to the abundance of cherry trees which at one time adorned the shores of the lake. The lake appears in documents in 804 under the name "Laco Luanasco".

text: Lake

text: Lugano

text: or

text: from

text: is

text: glacial

text: lake

text: which

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: southern

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: northern

text: Italy

text: The

text: lake

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Lugano

text: is

text: situated

text: between

text: Lake

text: Como

text: and

text: Lago

text: Maggiore

text: It

text: was

text: cited

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: by

text: Gregory

text: of

text: Tours

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: name

text: Ceresio

text: name

text: which

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: cerasus

text: meaning

text: cherry

text: and

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: abundance

text: of

text: cherry

text: trees

text: which

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: adorned

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: The

text: lake

text: appears

text: in

text: documents

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Laco

text: Luanasco

text: The Alps are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn. Mont Blanc spans the FrenchItalian border, and at is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains about a hundred peaks higher than 4000 metres (just over 13,000 feet).

text: The

text: Alps

text: are

text: the

text: highest

text: and

text: most

text: extensive

text: mountain

text: range

text: system

text: that

text: lies

text: entirely

text: in

text: Europe

text: stretching

text: approximately

text: across

text: eight

text: Alpine

text: countries

text: Austria

text: France

text: Germany

text: Italy

text: Liechtenstein

text: Monaco

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Switzerland

text: The

text: mountains

text: were

text: formed

text: over

text: tens

text: of

text: millions

text: of

text: years

text: as

text: the

text: African

text: and

text: Eurasian

text: tectonic

text: plates

text: collided

text: Extreme

text: shortening

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: event

text: resulted

text: in

text: marine

text: sedimentary

text: rocks

text: rising

text: by

text: thrusting

text: and

text: folding

text: into

text: high

text: mountain

text: peaks

text: such

text: as

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: and

text: the

text: Matterhorn

text: Mont

text: Blanc

text: spans

text: the

text: FrenchItalian

text: border

text: and

text: at

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: Alps

text: The

text: Alpine

text: region

text: area

text: contains

text: about

text: hundred

text: peaks

text: higher

text: than

text: metres

text: just

text: over

text: feet

text: Liechtenstein , officially the Principality of Liechtenstein, is a doubly landlocked German-speaking microstate in Central Europe. It is a constitutional monarchy with the rank of principality, headed by the Prince of Liechtenstein.

text: Liechtenstein

text: officially

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Liechtenstein

text: is

text: doubly

text: landlocked

text: German

text: speaking

text: microstate

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: with

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: principality

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Liechtenstein

text: Loris Kessel ( 1 April 1950 -- 15 May 2010 ) was a racing driver from Switzerland . He was born in Lugano and died in Montagnola following a long illness . He participated in six Formula One World Championship Grands Prix , debuting on 2 May 1976 . He scored no championship points . In 1976 , he drove a Brabham for RAM , and in 1977 he drove his own Apollon - Williams , although this car was not a success . Kessel ran a series of car dealerships in Switzerland and his own racing team , competing in Ferrari Challenge series in Italy and the main European series . The team also competes in the FIA GT3 European Championship with the same car .

text: Loris

text: Kessel

text: April

text: May

text: was

text: racing

text: driver

text: from

text: Switzerland

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Lugano

text: and

text: died

text: in

text: Montagnola

text: following

text: long

text: illness

text: He

text: participated

text: in

text: six

text: Formula

text: One

text: World

text: Championship

text: Grands

text: Prix

text: debuting

text: on

text: May

text: He

text: scored

text: no

text: championship

text: points

text: In

text: he

text: drove

text: Brabham

text: for

text: RAM

text: and

text: in

text: he

text: drove

text: his

text: own

text: Apollon

text: Williams

text: although

text: this

text: car

text: was

text: not

text: success

text: Kessel

text: ran

text: series

text: of

text: car

text: dealerships

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: his

text: own

text: racing

text: team

text: competing

text: in

text: Ferrari

text: Challenge

text: series

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: European

text: series

text: The

text: team

text: also

text: competes

text: in

text: the

text: FIA

text: European

text: Championship

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: car

text:
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities.
The country is situated in Western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.

text: Switzerland

text: officially

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: cantons

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: authorities

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Western

text: Central

text: Europe

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Italy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: France

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: geographically

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Alps

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: spanning

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: While

text: the

text: Alps

text: occupy

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: the

text: Swiss

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: eight

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: concentrated

text: mostly

text: on

text: the

text: plateau

text: where

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: among

text: them

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: global

text: cities

text: and

text: economic

text: centres

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Geneva

text: In the study of human settlements, an urban agglomeration is an extended city or town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ("usually a municipality") and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area. INSEE, the French Statistical Institute, uses the term "unité urbaine", which means continuous urbanized area. However, because of differences in definitions of what does and does not constitute an "agglomeration", as well as variations and limitations in statistical or geographical methodology, it can be problematic to compare different agglomerations around the world. It may not be clear, for instance, whether an area should be considered to be a satellite and part of an agglomeration, or a distinct entity in itself.

text: In

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: human

text: settlements

text: an

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: is

text: an

text: extended

text: city

text: or

text: town

text: area

text: comprising

text: the

text: built

text: up

text: area

text: of

text: central

text: place

text: usually

text: municipality

text: and

text: any

text: suburbs

text: linked

text: by

text: continuous

text: urban

text: area

text: INSEE

text: the

text: French

text: Statistical

text: Institute

text: uses

text: the

text: term

text: unité

text: urbaine

text: which

text: means

text: continuous

text: urbanized

text: area

text: However

text: because

text: of

text: differences

text: in

text: definitions

text: of

text: what

text: does

text: and

text: does

text: not

text: constitute

text: an

text: agglomeration

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: variations

text: and

text: limitations

text: in

text: statistical

text: or

text: geographical

text: methodology

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: problematic

text: to

text: compare

text: different

text: agglomerations

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: clear

text: for

text: instance

text: whether

text: an

text: area

text: should

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: satellite

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: agglomeration

text: or

text: distinct

text: entity

text: in

text: itself

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: languages_spoken_or_written loris kessel

answer: italian

text: italian

text: italian

text: italian

text: italian

text: italian


text:
The Rhine (, , ) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the
Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands.
The largest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany, with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about , with an average discharge of about .

text: The

text: Rhine

text: is

text: European

text: river

text: that

text: begins

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Austrian

text: Swiss

text: Liechtenstein

text: Swiss

text: German

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: Franco

text: German

text: border

text: then

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: Rhineland

text: and

text: eventually

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Rhine

text: is

text: Cologne

text: Germany

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: after

text: the

text: Danube

text: at

text: about

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: discharge

text: of

text: about

text: Lyon or (more archaically) Lyons (or  ) is a city in east-central France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, about from Paris and from Marseille. Inhabitants of the city are called "Lyonnais".

text: Lyon

text: or

text: more

text: archaically

text: Lyons

text: or

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: east

text: central

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Auvergne

text: Rhône

text: Alpes

text: region

text: about

text: from

text: Paris

text: and

text: from

text: Marseille

text: Inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: are

text: called

text: Lyonnais

text: The Grand-Ouest is a geographical area of France that encompasses Brittany and Pays de la Loire.

text: The

text: Grand

text: Ouest

text: is

text: geographical

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: that

text: encompasses

text: Brittany

text: and

text: Pays

text: de

text: la

text: Loire

text: The English Channel ("the Sleeve" [hence ] "Sea of Brittany" "British Sea"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the southern part of the North Sea to the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.

text: The

text: English

text: Channel

text: the

text: Sleeve

text: hence

text: Sea

text: of

text: Brittany

text: British

text: Sea

text: also

text: called

text: simply

text: the

text: Channel

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: that

text: separates

text: southern

text: England

text: from

text: northern

text: France

text: and

text: joins

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Nice (; Niçard , classical norm, or "", nonstandard,  ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes "département". The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of . Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille. Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.

text: Nice

text: Niçard

text: classical

text: norm

text: or

text: nonstandard

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Alpes

text: Maritimes

text: département

text: The

text: urban

text: area

text: of

text: Nice

text: extends

text: beyond

text: the

text: administrative

text: city

text: limits

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: on

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: Riviera

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: France

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: Nice

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: French

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Provence

text: Alpes

text: Côte

text: d'Azur

text: region

text: after

text: Marseille

text: Nice

text: is

text: about

text: kilometres

text: miles

text: from

text: the

text: principality

text: of

text: Monaco

text: and

text: its

text: airport

text: is

text: gateway

text: to

text: the

text: principality

text: as

text: well

text: The term cult usually refers to a social group defined by their religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs, or common interest in a particular personality, object or goal. The term itself is controversial and has divergent definitions in popular culture and in academia and has been an ongoing source of contention among scholars across several fields of study. In the sociological classifications of religious movements, a cult is a social group with socially deviant or novel beliefs and practices, although this is often unclear. Other researchers present a less-organized picture of cults on the basis that cults arise spontaneously around novel beliefs and practices. The word "cult" has always been controversial because it is (in a pejorative sense) considered a subjective term, used as an "ad hominem" attack against groups with differing doctrines or practices. Cults range in size from local groups with a few members to international organizations with millions.

text: The

text: term

text: cult

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: social

text: group

text: defined

text: by

text: their

text: religious

text: spiritual

text: or

text: philosophical

text: beliefs

text: or

text: common

text: interest

text: in

text: particular

text: personality

text: object

text: or

text: goal

text: The

text: term

text: itself

text: is

text: controversial

text: and

text: has

text: divergent

text: definitions

text: in

text: popular

text: culture

text: and

text: in

text: academia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: ongoing

text: source

text: of

text: contention

text: among

text: scholars

text: across

text: several

text: fields

text: of

text: study

text: In

text: the

text: sociological

text: classifications

text: of

text: religious

text: movements

text: cult

text: is

text: social

text: group

text: with

text: socially

text: deviant

text: or

text: novel

text: beliefs

text: and

text: practices

text: although

text: this

text: is

text: often

text: unclear

text: Other

text: researchers

text: present

text: less

text: organized

text: picture

text: of

text: cults

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: that

text: cults

text: arise

text: spontaneously

text: around

text: novel

text: beliefs

text: and

text: practices

text: The

text: word

text: cult

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: controversial

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: pejorative

text: sense

text: considered

text: subjective

text: term

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: ad

text: hominem

text: attack

text: against

text: groups

text: with

text: differing

text: doctrines

text: or

text: practices

text: Cults

text: range

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: local

text: groups

text: with

text: few

text: members

text: to

text: international

text: organizations

text: with

text: millions

text: The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: pronounced

text: is

text: sea

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: almost

text: completely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: identified

text: as

text: separate

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Arnage is a commune in the Sarthe department in the region of Pays - de - la - Loire in north - western France .

text: Arnage

text: is

text: commune

text: in

text: the

text: Sarthe

text: department

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Pays

text: de

text: la

text: Loire

text: in

text: north

text: western

text: France

text: Le Mans is a city in France, on the Sarthe River. Traditionally the capital of the province of Maine, it is now the capital of the Sarthe department and the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Le Mans. Le Mans is a part of the Pays de la Loire region.

text: Le

text: Mans

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: France

text: on

text: the

text: Sarthe

text: River

text: Traditionally

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Maine

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Sarthe

text: department

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: diocese

text: of

text: Le

text: Mans

text: Le

text: Mans

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pays

text: de

text: la

text: Loire

text: region

text:
Toulouse is the capital city of the southwestern French department of Haute-Garonne, as well as of the Occitanie region. The city lies on the banks of the River Garonne, from the Mediterranean Sea, from the Atlantic Ocean, and from Paris. It is the fourth-largest city in France with 466,297 inhabitants in January 2014.
The Toulouse Metro area is, with 1 312 304 inhabitants as of 2014, France's 4th metropolitan area after Paris, Lyon and Marseille and ahead of Lille and Bordeaux.

text: Toulouse

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: southwestern

text: French

text: department

text: of

text: Haute

text: Garonne

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: Occitanie

text: region

text: The

text: city

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Garonne

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: from

text: Paris

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: France

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: January

text: The

text: Toulouse

text: Metro

text: area

text: is

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: as

text: of

text: France

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: after

text: Paris

text: Lyon

text: and

text: Marseille

text: and

text: ahead

text: of

text: Lille

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: The euro (sign: €; code: EUR) is the official currency of the eurozone, which consists of 19 of the member states of the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. The currency is also officially used by the institutions of the European Union and four other European countries, as well as unilaterally by two others, and is consequently used daily by some 337 million Europeans . Outside of Europe, a number of overseas territories of EU members also use the euro as their currency.

text: The

text: euro

text: sign

text: code

text: EUR

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: currency

text: of

text: the

text: eurozone

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Austria

text: Belgium

text: Cyprus

text: Estonia

text: Finland

text: France

text: Germany

text: Greece

text: Ireland

text: Italy

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: Luxembourg

text: Malta

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Portugal

text: Slovakia

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Spain

text: The

text: currency

text: is

text: also

text: officially

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: institutions

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: four

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: unilaterally

text: by

text: two

text: others

text: and

text: is

text: consequently

text: used

text: daily

text: by

text: some

text: million

text: Europeans

text: Outside

text: of

text: Europe

text: number

text: of

text: overseas

text: territories

text: of

text: EU

text: members

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: as

text: their

text: currency

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France.

text: Paris

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: within

text: its

text: administrative

text: limits

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: both

text: commune

text: and

text: department

text: and

text: forms

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: or

text: Paris

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: comprising

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: France

text: Lille  is a city in northern France, in French Flanders. On the Deûle River, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France region and the prefecture of the Nord department.

text: Lille

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: northern

text: France

text: in

text: French

text: Flanders

text: On

text: the

text: Deûle

text: River

text: near

text: France

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: Belgium

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Hauts

text: de

text: France

text: region

text: and

text: the

text: prefecture

text: of

text: the

text: Nord

text: department

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Sarthe is a French department situated in the "Grand-Ouest" of the country. It is named after the River Sarthe, which flows from east of Le Mans to just north of Angers.

text: Sarthe

text: is

text: French

text: department

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Grand

text: Ouest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: River

text: Sarthe

text: which

text: flows

text: from

text: east

text: of

text: Le

text: Mans

text: to

text: just

text: north

text: of

text: Angers

text: Bordeaux (Gascon Occitan: "") is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.

text: Bordeaux

text: Gascon

text: Occitan

text: is

text: port

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: Garonne

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: Gironde

text: department

text: in

text: southwestern

text: France

text: A republic (from ) is a sovereign state, country, or government which is organized with a form of government in which power resides in elected individuals representing the citizen body and government leaders exercise power according to the rule of law. In modern times, the definition of a republic commonly refers to a government which excludes a monarch. Currently, 147 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the word "republic" as part of their official names; not all of these are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor do all nations with elected governments use the word "republic" in their names.

text: republic

text: from

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: country

text: or

text: government

text: which

text: is

text: organized

text: with

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: in

text: which

text: power

text: resides

text: in

text: elected

text: individuals

text: representing

text: the

text: citizen

text: body

text: and

text: government

text: leaders

text: exercise

text: power

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: republic

text: commonly

text: refers

text: to

text: government

text: which

text: excludes

text: monarch

text: Currently

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sovereign

text: states

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: republic

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: official

text: names

text: not

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: are

text: republics

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: having

text: elected

text: governments

text: nor

text: do

text: all

text: nations

text: with

text: elected

text: governments

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: republic

text: in

text: their

text: names

text: French Guiana (pronounced or ), officially called Guiana, is an overseas department and region of France, located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas. It borders Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km, with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, its capital. By land area, it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union.

text: French

text: Guiana

text: pronounced

text: or

text: officially

text: called

text: Guiana

text: is

text: an

text: overseas

text: department

text: and

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: in

text: the

text: Guyanas

text: It

text: borders

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: Suriname

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Its

text: area

text: has

text: very

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: only

text: inhabitants

text: per

text: km

text: with

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: Cayenne

text: its

text: capital

text: By

text: land

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: outermost

text: region

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Angers is a city in western France, about southwest of Paris. It is chef-lieu of the Maine-et-Loire department and was, before the French Revolution, the capital of the province of Anjou. The inhabitants of both the city and the province are called "Angevins". The commune of Angers proper, without the metropolitan area, is the third most populous in northwestern France after Nantes and Rennes and the 17th in France.

text: Angers

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: western

text: France

text: about

text: southwest

text: of

text: Paris

text: It

text: is

text: chef

text: lieu

text: of

text: the

text: Maine

text: et

text: Loire

text: department

text: and

text: was

text: before

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Anjou

text: The

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: province

text: are

text: called

text: Angevins

text: The

text: commune

text: of

text: Angers

text: proper

text: without

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: northwestern

text: France

text: after

text: Nantes

text: and

text: Rennes

text: and

text: the

text: in

text: France

text: The North Sea is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France. An epeiric (or "shelf") sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian Sea in the north. It is more than long and wide, with an area of around .

text: The

text: North

text: Sea

text: is

text: marginal

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: located

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Scandinavia

text: Germany

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Belgium

text: and

text: France

text: An

text: epeiric

text: or

text: shelf

text: sea

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continental

text: shelf

text: it

text: connects

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: through

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: around

question: shares_border_with arnage

answer: le mans

text: le mans

text: le mans

text: le mans

text: le mans