text: Jean Rouch (31 May 1917, Paris  18 February 2004, Niger) was a French filmmaker and anthropologist.

text: Jean

text: Rouch

text: May

text: Paris

text: February

text: Niger

text: was

text: French

text: filmmaker

text: and

text: anthropologist

text: The 29th Cannes Film Festival was held on May 13-28, 1976. The Palme d'Or went to "Taxi Driver" by Martin Scorsese. A new section, 'L'Air du temps', which was non-competitive and focused on contemporary subjects, was introduced at this festival and discontinued after the next.

text: The

text: Cannes

text: Film

text: Festival

text: was

text: held

text: on

text: May

text: The

text: Palme

text: d'Or

text: went

text: to

text: Taxi

text: Driver

text: by

text: Martin

text: Scorsese

text: new

text: section

text: L'Air

text: du

text: temps

text: which

text: was

text: non

text: competitive

text: and

text: focused

text: on

text: contemporary

text: subjects

text: was

text: introduced

text: at

text: this

text: festival

text: and

text: discontinued

text: after

text: the

text: next

text: Babatu is a 1976 Nigerien film directed by Jean Rouch . It was entered into the 1976 Cannes Film Festival .

text: Babatu

text: is

text: Nigerien

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Jean

text: Rouch

text: It

text: was

text: entered

text: into

text: the

text: Cannes

text: Film

text: Festival

text: Martin Charles Scorsese (born November 17, 1942) is an American director, producer, screenwriter, actor, and film historian, whose career spans more than 53 years. Scorsese's body of work addresses such themes as Sicilian-American identity, Roman Catholic concepts of guilt and redemption, faith, machismo, modern crime, and gang conflict. Many of his films are also known for their depiction of violence and liberal use of profanity.

text: Martin

text: Charles

text: Scorsese

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: director

text: producer

text: screenwriter

text: actor

text: and

text: film

text: historian

text: whose

text: career

text: spans

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: Scorsese

text: 's

text: body

text: of

text: work

text: addresses

text: such

text: themes

text: as

text: Sicilian

text: American

text: identity

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: concepts

text: of

text: guilt

text: and

text: redemption

text: faith

text: machismo

text: modern

text: crime

text: and

text: gang

text: conflict

text: Many

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: depiction

text: of

text: violence

text: and

text: liberal

text: use

text: of

text: profanity

text: The Cannes Festival (French: Festival de Cannes), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival ("Festival international du film") and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world. Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès.

text: The

text: Cannes

text: Festival

text: French

text: Festival

text: de

text: Cannes

text: named

text: until

text: as

text: the

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: Festival

text: international

text: du

text: film

text: and

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: Cannes

text: Film

text: Festival

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: film

text: festival

text: held

text: in

text: Cannes

text: France

text: which

text: previews

text: new

text: films

text: of

text: all

text: genres

text: including

text: documentaries

text: from

text: all

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Founded

text: in

text: the

text: invitation

text: only

text: festival

text: is

text: held

text: annually

text: usually

text: in

text: May

text: at

text: the

text: Palais

text: des

text: Festivals

text: et

text: des

text: Congrès

question: original_language_of_work babatu

answer: french

text: french

text: french


text: Muawiya II or Muawiya ibn Yazid ( Arabic :     , translit . Mu `` wiyah ibn Yazd ; c. 664 -- 684 CE ) succeeded his father Yazid I as the third Umayyad caliph and last caliph of the Sufyanid line . He ruled briefly in 683/684 ( 64 AH ) before he died .

text: Muawiya

text: II

text: or

text: Muawiya

text: ibn

text: Yazid

text: Arabic

text: translit

text: Mu

text: wiyah

text: ibn

text: Yazd

text: CE

text: succeeded

text: his

text: father

text: Yazid

text: as

text: the

text: third

text: Umayyad

text: caliph

text: and

text: last

text: caliph

text: of

text: the

text: Sufyanid

text: line

text: He

text: ruled

text: briefly

text: in

text: AH

text: before

text: he

text: died

text: Yazd ibn Muwiya (20 July 64711 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate (and the first one through inheritance). Yazid was the Caliph as appointed by his father Muawiyah I and ruled for three years from 680 CE until his death in 683 CE.

text: Yazd

text: ibn

text: Muwiya

text: July

text: November

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Yazid

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: Caliph

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: Caliphate

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: one

text: through

text: inheritance

text: Yazid

text: was

text: the

text: Caliph

text: as

text: appointed

text: by

text: his

text: father

text: Muawiyah

text: and

text: ruled

text: for

text: three

text: years

text: from

text: CE

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: CE

text: Muawiyah I (602  April 29 or May 1, 680) established the Umayyad Dynasty of the caliphate, and was the second caliph from the Umayyad clan, the first being Uthman ibn Affan. During the first and second caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar (Umar ibn al-Khattab), he fought with the Muslims against the Byzantines in Syria.

text: Muawiyah

text: April

text: or

text: May

text: established

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: Dynasty

text: of

text: the

text: caliphate

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: caliph

text: from

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: clan

text: the

text: first

text: being

text: Uthman

text: ibn

text: Affan

text: During

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: second

text: caliphates

text: of

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: and

text: Umar

text: Umar

text: ibn

text: al

text: Khattab

text: he

text: fought

text: with

text: the

text: Muslims

text: against

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: in

text: Syria

text: The Umayyad Caliphate (trans. "Al-Khilfah al-umawiyya"), also spelled Omayyad, was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. This caliphate was centred on the Umayyad dynasty ("al-Umawiyyn", or , "Ban Umayya", "Sons of Umayya"), hailing from Mecca. The Umayyad family had first come to power under the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 644656), but the Umayyad regime was founded by Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan, long-time governor of Syria, after the end of the First Muslim Civil War in AD 661/41 AH. Syria remained the Umayyads' main power base thereafter, and Damascus was their capital. The Umayyads continued the Muslim conquests, incorporating the Caucasus, Transoxiana, Sindh, the Maghreb and the Iberian Peninsula (Al-Andalus) into the Muslim world. At its greatest extent, the Umayyad Caliphate covered and 62 million people (29% of the world's population), making it one of the largest empires in history in both area and proportion of the world's population.

text: The

text: Umayyad

text: Caliphate

text: trans

text: Al

text: Khilfah

text: al

text: umawiyya

text: also

text: spelled

text: Omayyad

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: major

text: Arab

text: caliphates

text: established

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: This

text: caliphate

text: was

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: dynasty

text: al

text: Umawiyyn

text: or

text: Ban

text: Umayya

text: Sons

text: of

text: Umayya

text: hailing

text: from

text: Mecca

text: The

text: Umayyad

text: family

text: had

text: first

text: come

text: to

text: power

text: under

text: the

text: third

text: caliph

text: Uthman

text: ibn

text: Affan

text: but

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: regime

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Muawiya

text: ibn

text: Abi

text: Sufyan

text: long

text: time

text: governor

text: of

text: Syria

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Muslim

text: Civil

text: War

text: in

text: AD

text: AH

text: Syria

text: remained

text: the

text: Umayyads

text: main

text: power

text: base

text: thereafter

text: and

text: Damascus

text: was

text: their

text: capital

text: The

text: Umayyads

text: continued

text: the

text: Muslim

text: conquests

text: incorporating

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Transoxiana

text: Sindh

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: and

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: into

text: the

text: Muslim

text: world

text: At

text: its

text: greatest

text: extent

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: Caliphate

text: covered

text: and

text: million

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: making

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: empires

text: in

text: history

text: in

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: proportion

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: country_of_citizenship muawiya ii

answer: umayyad family

text: umayyad family


text: Västergötland, also known as West Gothland or the Latinized version Westrogothia in older literature, is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden ("landskap" in Swedish), situated in the southwest of Sweden.

text: Västergötland

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: West

text: Gothland

text: or

text: the

text: Latinized

text: version

text: Westrogothia

text: in

text: older

text: literature

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: non

text: administrative

text: provinces

text: of

text: Sweden

text: landskap

text: in

text: Swedish

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Mesa (Portuguese and Spanish for "table") is the American English term for tableland, an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. It takes its name from its characteristic table-top shape. It may also be called a table hill, table-topped hill or table mountain. It is larger than a butte, which it otherwise resembles closely.

text: Mesa

text: Portuguese

text: and

text: Spanish

text: for

text: table

text: is

text: the

text: American

text: English

text: term

text: for

text: tableland

text: an

text: elevated

text: area

text: of

text: land

text: with

text: flat

text: top

text: and

text: sides

text: that

text: are

text: usually

text: steep

text: cliffs

text: It

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: its

text: characteristic

text: table

text: top

text: shape

text: It

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: called

text: table

text: hill

text: table

text: topped

text: hill

text: or

text: table

text: mountain

text: It

text: is

text: larger

text: than

text: butte

text: which

text: it

text: otherwise

text: resembles

text: closely

text: Västra Götaland County is a county or "län" on the western coast of Sweden.

text: Västra

text: Götaland

text: County

text: is

text: county

text: or

text: län

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: Sweden

text: American English (variously abbreviated AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US), also called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the most widely spoken language in the United States and is the common language used by the federal government, considered the "de facto" language of the country because of its widespread use. English has been given official status by 32 of the 50 state governments. As an example, while both Spanish and English have equivalent status in the local courts of Puerto Rico. Under federal law, English is the official language for any matters being referred to the United States district court for the territory.

text: American

text: English

text: variously

text: abbreviated

text: AmE

text: AE

text: AmEng

text: USEng

text: en

text: US

text: also

text: called

text: United

text: States

text: English

text: or

text: U.S.

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: varieties

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: language

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: considered

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: widespread

text: use

text: English

text: has

text: been

text: given

text: official

text: status

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: governments

text: As

text: an

text: example

text: while

text: both

text: Spanish

text: and

text: English

text: have

text: equivalent

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: local

text: courts

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: Under

text: federal

text: law

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: for

text: any

text: matters

text: being

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: district

text: court

text: for

text: the

text: territory

text: Varnhem is a locality situated in Skara Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 707 inhabitants in 2010.

text: Varnhem

text: is

text: locality

text: situated

text: in

text: Skara

text: Municipality

text: Västra

text: Götaland

text: County

text: Sweden

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: Skara Municipality ("Skara kommun") is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Skara.

text: Skara

text: Municipality

text: Skara

text: kommun

text: is

text: municipality

text: in

text: Västra

text: Götaland

text: County

text: in

text: western

text: Sweden

text: Its

text: seat

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Skara

text:
A butte is an isolated hill with steep, often vertical sides and a small, relatively flat top; buttes are smaller than mesas, plateaus, and table landforms. The word butte comes from a French word meaning "small hill"; its use is prevalent in the Western United States, including the southwest where "mesa" is also used for the larger landform. Because of their distinctive shapes, buttes are frequently landmarks in plains and mountainous areas.
In differentiating mesas and buttes, geographers use the rule of thumb that a mesa has a top that is wider than its height, while a butte has a top that is narrower than its height.

text: butte

text: is

text: an

text: isolated

text: hill

text: with

text: steep

text: often

text: vertical

text: sides

text: and

text: small

text: relatively

text: flat

text: top

text: buttes

text: are

text: smaller

text: than

text: mesas

text: plateaus

text: and

text: table

text: landforms

text: The

text: word

text: butte

text: comes

text: from

text: French

text: word

text: meaning

text: small

text: hill

text: its

text: use

text: is

text: prevalent

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: United

text: States

text: including

text: the

text: southwest

text: where

text: mesa

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: larger

text: landform

text: Because

text: of

text: their

text: distinctive

text: shapes

text: buttes

text: are

text: frequently

text: landmarks

text: in

text: plains

text: and

text: mountainous

text: areas

text: In

text: differentiating

text: mesas

text: and

text: buttes

text: geographers

text: use

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: thumb

text: that

text: mesa

text: has

text: top

text: that

text: is

text: wider

text: than

text: its

text: height

text: while

text: butte

text: has

text: top

text: that

text: is

text: narrower

text: than

text: its

text: height

text: Skövde Municipality ("Skövde kommun") is a municipality in Västra Götaland County in western Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Skövde.

text: Skövde

text: Municipality

text: Skövde

text: kommun

text: is

text: municipality

text: in

text: Västra

text: Götaland

text: County

text: in

text: western

text: Sweden

text: Its

text: seat

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Skövde

text: Billingen is the largest of the thirteen mesas in the Swedish county of Västra Götaland , with a maximum altitude of 299 metres ( 981 ft ) . The mesa extends in a north - southerly direct with a length of 23 kilometres ( 14 mi ) and a width of 11 kilometres ( 6.8 mi ) . Billingen is divided into two parts by an east - west valley between Skövde and Varnhem . The mesa plateau is covered with vast forests and moorlands , including the nature reserve Blängsmossen with its unique flora . The limestone at Billingen has been quarried for a long time for concrete manufacturing ; diabase is also still quarried there ; The mesa , located between the two great lakes Vänern and Vättern , is also a popular nature resort with several nearby hotels , and an annual orienteering tournament is held here . The town of Skövde is built partially on the slopes of Billingens and the town center lies at the foot of the mesa . Some additional local points of interest are Jättadalen ( a dramatic ravine with a waterfall ) , Silverfallen , and the `` caves of Ryd '' which are better described as free - standing pillars of diabase .

text: Billingen

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: thirteen

text: mesas

text: in

text: the

text: Swedish

text: county

text: of

text: Västra

text: Götaland

text: with

text: maximum

text: altitude

text: of

text: metres

text: ft

text: The

text: mesa

text: extends

text: in

text: north

text: southerly

text: direct

text: with

text: length

text: of

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: and

text: width

text: of

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: Billingen

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: parts

text: by

text: an

text: east

text: west

text: valley

text: between

text: Skövde

text: and

text: Varnhem

text: The

text: mesa

text: plateau

text: is

text: covered

text: with

text: vast

text: forests

text: and

text: moorlands

text: including

text: the

text: nature

text: reserve

text: Blängsmossen

text: with

text: its

text: unique

text: flora

text: The

text: limestone

text: at

text: Billingen

text: has

text: been

text: quarried

text: for

text: long

text: time

text: for

text: concrete

text: manufacturing

text: diabase

text: is

text: also

text: still

text: quarried

text: there

text: The

text: mesa

text: located

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: great

text: lakes

text: Vänern

text: and

text: Vättern

text: is

text: also

text: popular

text: nature

text: resort

text: with

text: several

text: nearby

text: hotels

text: and

text: an

text: annual

text: orienteering

text: tournament

text: is

text: held

text: here

text: The

text: town

text: of

text: Skövde

text: is

text: built

text: partially

text: on

text: the

text: slopes

text: of

text: Billingens

text: and

text: the

text: town

text: center

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: the

text: mesa

text: Some

text: additional

text: local

text: points

text: of

text: interest

text: are

text: Jättadalen

text: dramatic

text: ravine

text: with

text: waterfall

text: Silverfallen

text: and

text: the

text: caves

text: of

text: Ryd

text: which

text: are

text: better

text: described

text: as

text: free

text: standing

text: pillars

text: of

text: diabase

text: Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

text: Sweden

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Swedish

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Denmark

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: bridge

text: tunnel

text: across

text: the

text: Öresund

text: At

text: Sweden

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Sweden

text: consequently

text: has

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Skövde (pronunciation: [œvde]) is a locality and urban centre in Skövde Municipality and Västra Götaland County, in the Västergötland (Western Gothland region) in central-Southern Sweden.

text: Skövde

text: pronunciation

text: œvde

text: is

text: locality

text: and

text: urban

text: centre

text: in

text: Skövde

text: Municipality

text: and

text: Västra

text: Götaland

text: County

text: in

text: the

text: Västergötland

text: Western

text: Gothland

text: region

text: in

text: central

text: Southern

text: Sweden

text: In geography and geology, a cliff is a vertical, or nearly vertical, rock exposure. Cliffs are formed as erosion landforms by the processes of weathering and erosion. Cliffs are common on coasts, in mountainous areas, escarpments and along rivers. Cliffs are usually formed by rock that is resistant to weathering and erosion. Sedimentary rocks most likely to form cliffs include sandstone, limestone, chalk, and dolomite. Igneous rocks such as granite and basalt also often form cliffs.

text: In

text: geography

text: and

text: geology

text: cliff

text: is

text: vertical

text: or

text: nearly

text: vertical

text: rock

text: exposure

text: Cliffs

text: are

text: formed

text: as

text: erosion

text: landforms

text: by

text: the

text: processes

text: of

text: weathering

text: and

text: erosion

text: Cliffs

text: are

text: common

text: on

text: coasts

text: in

text: mountainous

text: areas

text: escarpments

text: and

text: along

text: rivers

text: Cliffs

text: are

text: usually

text: formed

text: by

text: rock

text: that

text: is

text: resistant

text: to

text: weathering

text: and

text: erosion

text: Sedimentary

text: rocks

text: most

text: likely

text: to

text: form

text: cliffs

text: include

text: sandstone

text: limestone

text: chalk

text: and

text: dolomite

text: Igneous

text: rocks

text: such

text: as

text: granite

text: and

text: basalt

text: also

text: often

text: form

text: cliffs

question: instance_of billingen

answer: table

text: table

text: table

text: table

text: table

text: table

text: table


text: The National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) is a professional wrestling governing body which has historically been the largest league of independent wrestling promotions in the world. The organization sanctions various NWA championship bouts within its member promotions. The NWA has been in operation since 1948. Prior to the 1960s, it acted as the sole governing body for most of professional wrestling, operating as a talent and brand name franchiser for the inter-regional "territory" system.

text: The

text: National

text: Wrestling

text: Alliance

text: NWA

text: is

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: governing

text: body

text: which

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: the

text: largest

text: league

text: of

text: independent

text: wrestling

text: promotions

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: organization

text: sanctions

text: various

text: NWA

text: championship

text: bouts

text: within

text: its

text: member

text: promotions

text: The

text: NWA

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: operation

text: since

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: it

text: acted

text: as

text: the

text: sole

text: governing

text: body

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: operating

text: as

text: talent

text: and

text: brand

text: name

text: franchiser

text: for

text: the

text: inter

text: regional

text: territory

text: system

text: Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) was a professional wrestling promotion that was founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1992 by Tod Gordon. ECW closed when then owner Paul Heyman declared bankruptcy in April 2001. The promotion showcased various international styles of professional wrestling, ranging from lucha libre to puroresu and hardcore wrestling, and became known for having an intelligent, often rowdy and vocal fanbase that rejected the more cartoonish programming of ECW's competitors.

text: Extreme

text: Championship

text: Wrestling

text: ECW

text: was

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: promotion

text: that

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: in

text: by

text: Tod

text: Gordon

text: ECW

text: closed

text: when

text: then

text: owner

text: Paul

text: Heyman

text: declared

text: bankruptcy

text: in

text: April

text: The

text: promotion

text: showcased

text: various

text: international

text: styles

text: of

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: ranging

text: from

text: lucha

text: libre

text: to

text: puroresu

text: and

text: hardcore

text: wrestling

text: and

text: became

text: known

text: for

text: having

text: an

text: intelligent

text: often

text: rowdy

text: and

text: vocal

text: fanbase

text: that

text: rejected

text: the

text: more

text: cartoonish

text: programming

text: of

text: ECW

text: 's

text: competitors

text: Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people and the ninth largest metropolitan area in the United States. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.

text: Atlanta

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Georgia

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: Atlanta

text: is

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: economic

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Atlanta

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: home

text: to

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Atlanta

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Fulton

text: County

text: and

text: small

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: extends

text: eastward

text: into

text: DeKalb

text: County

text: Bankruptcy is a legal status of a person or other entity that cannot repay the debts it owes to creditors. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor.

text: Bankruptcy

text: is

text: legal

text: status

text: of

text: person

text: or

text: other

text: entity

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: repay

text: the

text: debts

text: it

text: owes

text: to

text: creditors

text: In

text: most

text: jurisdictions

text: bankruptcy

text: is

text: imposed

text: by

text: court

text: order

text: often

text: initiated

text: by

text: the

text: debtor

text: Paul Heyman (born September 11, 1965) is an American entertainment producer, writer, performer, marketer, promoter, advocate and commentator currently signed to WWE. Heyman owned and was the creative force behind the Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) promotion from 1993 until its closure in 2001. Before running and owning ECW, he was a manager under the ring name Paul E. Dangerously in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and other promotions. He is the co-owner of the Looking4Larry Agency in New York City, which was named one of "Advertising Age" Top 100 Global Marketers.

text: Paul

text: Heyman

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: entertainment

text: producer

text: writer

text: performer

text: marketer

text: promoter

text: advocate

text: and

text: commentator

text: currently

text: signed

text: to

text: WWE

text: Heyman

text: owned

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: creative

text: force

text: behind

text: the

text: Extreme

text: Championship

text: Wrestling

text: ECW

text: promotion

text: from

text: until

text: its

text: closure

text: in

text: Before

text: running

text: and

text: owning

text: ECW

text: he

text: was

text: manager

text: under

text: the

text: ring

text: name

text: Paul

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: World

text: Championship

text: Wrestling

text: WCW

text: and

text: other

text: promotions

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: co

text: owner

text: of

text: the

text: Agency

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: which

text: was

text: named

text: one

text: of

text: Advertising

text: Age

text: Top

text: Global

text: Marketers

text: The first Japanese to involve himself in catch wrestling, the basis of traditional professional wrestling, was former sumo wrestler Sorakichi Matsuda. There were subsequent attempts before and after World War II to popularize the sport in Japan, but these generally failed until the advent of its first big star, Rikidzan, in 1951, who became known as the "father" of the sport. Rikidzan brought the sport to tremendous popularity with his Japanese Wrestling Association (JWA) until his murder in 1963. Following his death, Puroresu thrived, creating a variety of personalities, promotions and styles. It has also created a mass of other cultural icons in Japan including: Rikidzan, Giant Baba, Antonio Inoki, Jushin "Thunder" Liger, Tiger Mask, Keiji Mutoh/The Great Muta, Shinsuke Nakamura, Mitsuharu Misawa, and Kenta Kobashi. Throughout the years, a number of promotions have opened and closed, but a few have persisted to remain the most popular and thriving companies: New Japan Pro Wrestling is currently considered by many as the top promotion.

text: The

text: first

text: Japanese

text: to

text: involve

text: himself

text: in

text: catch

text: wrestling

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: traditional

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: was

text: former

text: sumo

text: wrestler

text: Sorakichi

text: Matsuda

text: There

text: were

text: subsequent

text: attempts

text: before

text: and

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: to

text: popularize

text: the

text: sport

text: in

text: Japan

text: but

text: these

text: generally

text: failed

text: until

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: its

text: first

text: big

text: star

text: Rikidzan

text: in

text: who

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: sport

text: Rikidzan

text: brought

text: the

text: sport

text: to

text: tremendous

text: popularity

text: with

text: his

text: Japanese

text: Wrestling

text: Association

text: JWA

text: until

text: his

text: murder

text: in

text: Following

text: his

text: death

text: Puroresu

text: thrived

text: creating

text: variety

text: of

text: personalities

text: promotions

text: and

text: styles

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: created

text: mass

text: of

text: other

text: cultural

text: icons

text: in

text: Japan

text: including

text: Rikidzan

text: Giant

text: Baba

text: Antonio

text: Inoki

text: Jushin

text: Thunder

text: Liger

text: Tiger

text: Mask

text: Keiji

text: Mutoh

text: The

text: Great

text: Muta

text: Shinsuke

text: Nakamura

text: Mitsuharu

text: Misawa

text: and

text: Kenta

text: Kobashi

text: Throughout

text: the

text: years

text: number

text: of

text: promotions

text: have

text: opened

text: and

text: closed

text: but

text: few

text: have

text: persisted

text: to

text: remain

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: and

text: thriving

text: companies

text: New

text: Japan

text: Pro

text: Wrestling

text: is

text: currently

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: as

text: the

text: top

text: promotion

text: Jim Crockett Promotions Inc. was a family-owned professional wrestling promotion headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. Founded in 1931, the promotion emerged as a cornerstone of the National Wrestling Alliance. By the 1980s, Jim Crockett Promotions was, along with the World Wrestling Federation, one of the two largest promotions in the United States. The Crockett family sold a majority interest in the promotion to Turner Broadcasting System in 1988, resulting in the creation of World Championship Wrestling.

text: Jim

text: Crockett

text: Promotions

text: Inc.

text: was

text: family

text: owned

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: promotion

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Charlotte

text: North

text: Carolina

text: United

text: States

text: Founded

text: in

text: the

text: promotion

text: emerged

text: as

text: cornerstone

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Wrestling

text: Alliance

text: By

text: the

text: Jim

text: Crockett

text: Promotions

text: was

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: World

text: Wrestling

text: Federation

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: largest

text: promotions

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Crockett

text: family

text: sold

text: majority

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: promotion

text: to

text: Turner

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: in

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: World

text: Championship

text: Wrestling

text: Lucha libre (meaning "Free fight") is a term used in Mexico for a form of professional wrestling developed in the country. Professional wrestling is an athletic form of entertainment based on a portrayal of a combat sport. Although the term today refers exclusively to professional wrestling, it was originally used in the same style as the American and English term "freestyle wrestling", referring to an amateur wrestling style without the restrictions of Greco-Roman wrestling.

text: Lucha

text: libre

text: meaning

text: Free

text: fight

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: in

text: Mexico

text: for

text: form

text: of

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Professional

text: wrestling

text: is

text: an

text: athletic

text: form

text: of

text: entertainment

text: based

text: on

text: portrayal

text: of

text: combat

text: sport

text: Although

text: the

text: term

text: today

text: refers

text: exclusively

text: to

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: it

text: was

text: originally

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: style

text: as

text: the

text: American

text: and

text: English

text: term

text: freestyle

text: wrestling

text: referring

text: to

text: an

text: amateur

text: wrestling

text: style

text: without

text: the

text: restrictions

text: of

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: wrestling

text: Tod Gordon (born June 19, 1955, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American businessman. Gordon is the president of Carver W. Reed Co. Inc, a Philadelphia jewelry store and loan office that was established in 1860. He is also the founder of defunct professional wrestling promotion Eastern Championship Wrestling (later Extreme Championship Wrestling). He owned the promotion until it was sold to his head booker Paul Heyman in May 1995.

text: Tod

text: Gordon

text: born

text: June

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: businessman

text: Gordon

text: is

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: Carver

text: Reed

text: Co.

text: Inc

text: Philadelphia

text: jewelry

text: store

text: and

text: loan

text: office

text: that

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: defunct

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: promotion

text: Eastern

text: Championship

text: Wrestling

text: later

text: Extreme

text: Championship

text: Wrestling

text: He

text: owned

text: the

text: promotion

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: sold

text: to

text: his

text: head

text: booker

text: Paul

text: Heyman

text: in

text: May

text:
Professional wrestling is a dramatized athletic performance inspired by competitive combat sports. Taking the form of live events held by touring promotions, it is a unique style of combat based on a combination of adopted styles, which include classical wrestling, catch wrestling and various forms of martial arts, as well as an innovative style based on grappling (holds/throws), striking, and aerialism. Various forms of weaponry are sometimes used.
The content  including match outcomes  is choreographed and the combative actions and reactions are performed to appear violent without injuring the wrestlers. Before the 1980s, these facts were kept highly secret, after which they were openly declared. By and large, the true nature of the content is ignored by the performing promotion in official media in order to sustain and promote the willing suspension of disbelief for the audience by maintaining an aura of verisimilitude. Fan communications by individual wrestlers and promotions through outside media (i.e., interviews) will often directly acknowledge the fictional nature of the spectacle, making the predetermined nature of the sport something of an open secret. The presentation of scripted events as legitimate is known as "kayfabe".

text: Professional

text: wrestling

text: is

text: dramatized

text: athletic

text: performance

text: inspired

text: by

text: competitive

text: combat

text: sports

text: Taking

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: live

text: events

text: held

text: by

text: touring

text: promotions

text: it

text: is

text: unique

text: style

text: of

text: combat

text: based

text: on

text: combination

text: of

text: adopted

text: styles

text: which

text: include

text: classical

text: wrestling

text: catch

text: wrestling

text: and

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: martial

text: arts

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: innovative

text: style

text: based

text: on

text: grappling

text: holds

text: throws

text: striking

text: and

text: aerialism

text: Various

text: forms

text: of

text: weaponry

text: are

text: sometimes

text: used

text: The

text: content

text: including

text: match

text: outcomes

text: is

text: choreographed

text: and

text: the

text: combative

text: actions

text: and

text: reactions

text: are

text: performed

text: to

text: appear

text: violent

text: without

text: injuring

text: the

text: wrestlers

text: Before

text: the

text: these

text: facts

text: were

text: kept

text: highly

text: secret

text: after

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: openly

text: declared

text: By

text: and

text: large

text: the

text: true

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: content

text: is

text: ignored

text: by

text: the

text: performing

text: promotion

text: in

text: official

text: media

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: sustain

text: and

text: promote

text: the

text: willing

text: suspension

text: of

text: disbelief

text: for

text: the

text: audience

text: by

text: maintaining

text: an

text: aura

text: of

text: verisimilitude

text: Fan

text: communications

text: by

text: individual

text: wrestlers

text: and

text: promotions

text: through

text: outside

text: media

text: i.e.

text: interviews

text: will

text: often

text: directly

text: acknowledge

text: the

text: fictional

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: spectacle

text: making

text: the

text: predetermined

text: nature

text: of

text: the

text: sport

text: something

text: of

text: an

text: open

text: secret

text: The

text: presentation

text: of

text: scripted

text: events

text: as

text: legitimate

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: kayfabe

text: WCW Inc. (formerly known as World Championship Wrestling, Inc.) was an American professional wrestling promotion, historically based in Atlanta, Georgia. It began as a regional (mid-Atlantic U.S.), National Wrestling Alliance (NWA)-affiliated "territory" promotion  Jim Crockett Promotions  until November 1988, when Ted Turner (through his Turner Broadcasting System business) bought the promotion, whose struggle to compete with Vince McMahon's World Wrestling Entertainment (then WWF now WWE) had left it near bankruptcy. Immediately after the buyout, the business was renamed the Universal Wrestling Corporation (UWC) and consisted of Crockett's business assets not picked up by World Wrestling Federation Entertainment.

text: WCW

text: Inc.

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: World

text: Championship

text: Wrestling

text: Inc.

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: promotion

text: historically

text: based

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: Georgia

text: It

text: began

text: as

text: regional

text: mid

text: Atlantic

text: U.S.

text: National

text: Wrestling

text: Alliance

text: NWA)-affiliated

text: territory

text: promotion

text: Jim

text: Crockett

text: Promotions

text: until

text: November

text: when

text: Ted

text: Turner

text: through

text: his

text: Turner

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: business

text: bought

text: the

text: promotion

text: whose

text: struggle

text: to

text: compete

text: with

text: Vince

text: McMahon

text: 's

text: World

text: Wrestling

text: Entertainment

text: then

text: WWF

text: now

text: WWE

text: had

text: left

text: it

text: near

text: bankruptcy

text: Immediately

text: after

text: the

text: buyout

text: the

text: business

text: was

text: renamed

text: the

text: Universal

text: Wrestling

text: Corporation

text: UWC

text: and

text: consisted

text: of

text: Crockett

text: 's

text: business

text: assets

text: not

text: picked

text: up

text: by

text: World

text: Wrestling

text: Federation

text: Entertainment

text: Vincent Kennedy "Vince" McMahon (born August 24, 1945) is an American professional wrestling promoter, former commentator, announcer, film producer, actor, and retired professional wrestler. Since taking over the company from his father in the 1980s, McMahon has always worked in the corporate area of the WWE as well as behind the scenes. He currently serves as the majority owner, chairman, and CEO of the professional wrestling promotion.

text: Vincent

text: Kennedy

text: Vince

text: McMahon

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: promoter

text: former

text: commentator

text: announcer

text: film

text: producer

text: actor

text: and

text: retired

text: professional

text: wrestler

text: Since

text: taking

text: over

text: the

text: company

text: from

text: his

text: father

text: in

text: the

text: McMahon

text: has

text: always

text: worked

text: in

text: the

text: corporate

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: WWE

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: behind

text: the

text: scenes

text: He

text: currently

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: majority

text: owner

text: chairman

text: and

text: CEO

text: of

text: the

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: promotion

text: Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (born November 19, 1938) is an American media mogul and philanthropist. As a businessman, he is known as founder of the Cable News Network (CNN), the first 24-hour cable news channel. In addition, he founded WTBS, which pioneered the superstation concept in cable television.

text: Robert

text: Edward

text: Ted

text: Turner

text: III

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: media

text: mogul

text: and

text: philanthropist

text: As

text: businessman

text: he

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Cable

text: News

text: Network

text: CNN

text: the

text: first

text: cable

text: news

text: channel

text: In

text: addition

text: he

text: founded

text: WTBS

text: which

text: pioneered

text: the

text: superstation

text: concept

text: in

text: cable

text: television

text: Hardcore wrestling is a form of professional wrestling where disqualifications, count-outs, and all other different rules do not apply. Taking place in usual or unusual environments, hardcore wrestling matches allow the use of numerous items, including ladders, tables, chairs, thumbtacks, barbed wire, light tubes, shovels, baseball bats, golf clubs, hammers, axes, chains, crowbars, wrenches, tongs, and other improvised weapons used as foreign objects. Although hardcore wrestling is a staple of most wrestling promotions, where they are often used at the climaxes of feuds, some promotions (such as Big Japan Pro Wrestling, International Wrestling Syndicate and Combat Zone Wrestling) specialize in hardcore wrestling, with many matches performed in this manner.

text: Hardcore

text: wrestling

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: professional

text: wrestling

text: where

text: disqualifications

text: count

text: outs

text: and

text: all

text: other

text: different

text: rules

text: do

text: not

text: apply

text: Taking

text: place

text: in

text: usual

text: or

text: unusual

text: environments

text: hardcore

text: wrestling

text: matches

text: allow

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: numerous

text: items

text: including

text: ladders

text: tables

text: chairs

text: thumbtacks

text: barbed

text: wire

text: light

text: tubes

text: shovels

text: baseball

text: bats

text: golf

text: clubs

text: hammers

text: axes

text: chains

text: crowbars

text: wrenches

text: tongs

text: and

text: other

text: improvised

text: weapons

text: used

text: as

text: foreign

text: objects

text: Although

text: hardcore

text: wrestling

text: is

text: staple

text: of

text: most

text: wrestling

text: promotions

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: at

text: the

text: climaxes

text: of

text: feuds

text: some

text: promotions

text: such

text: as

text: Big

text: Japan

text: Pro

text: Wrestling

text: International

text: Wrestling

text: Syndicate

text: and

text: Combat

text: Zone

text: Wrestling

text: specialize

text: in

text: hardcore

text: wrestling

text: with

text: many

text: matches

text: performed

text: in

text: this

text: manner

text: Tracy Smothers ( born September 2 , 1962 ) is an American professional wrestler . He is best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling , Smoky Mountain , the World Wrestling Federation and Extreme Championship Wrestling , as a member of the Full Blooded Italians throughout the 1990s .

text: Tracy

text: Smothers

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: wrestler

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: appearances

text: with

text: World

text: Championship

text: Wrestling

text: Smoky

text: Mountain

text: the

text: World

text: Wrestling

text: Federation

text: and

text: Extreme

text: Championship

text: Wrestling

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Full

text: Blooded

text: Italians

text: throughout

text: the

text: Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. (known professionally as Turner Broadcasting System and also known simply as Turner) is an American media conglomerate that is a division of Time Warner and manages the collection of cable television networks and properties initiated or acquired by Ted Turner. The company was founded in 1970, and merged with Time Warner on October 10, 1996. It now operates as a semi-autonomous unit of Time Warner. The company's assets include CNN, HLN, TBS, TNT, Cartoon Network, Adult Swim, Boomerang and TruTV. The company's current chairman and CEO is John K. Martin. The headquarters of Turner's properties are located in both the CNN Center in Downtown Atlanta and the Turner Broadcasting campus off Techwood Drive in Midtown Atlanta, which also houses Turner Studios. Across Interstate 75/85 from the Techwood campus is the original home of Turner's WTBS superstation (now separated into its TBS cable network and Peachtree TV), which today houses the headquarters of Adult Swim and Williams Street Productions.

text: Turner

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: Inc.

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Turner

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: and

text: also

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Turner

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: media

text: conglomerate

text: that

text: is

text: division

text: of

text: Time

text: Warner

text: and

text: manages

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: cable

text: television

text: networks

text: and

text: properties

text: initiated

text: or

text: acquired

text: by

text: Ted

text: Turner

text: The

text: company

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: merged

text: with

text: Time

text: Warner

text: on

text: October

text: It

text: now

text: operates

text: as

text: semi

text: autonomous

text: unit

text: of

text: Time

text: Warner

text: The

text: company

text: 's

text: assets

text: include

text: CNN

text: HLN

text: TBS

text: TNT

text: Cartoon

text: Network

text: Adult

text: Swim

text: Boomerang

text: and

text: TruTV

text: The

text: company

text: 's

text: current

text: chairman

text: and

text: CEO

text: is

text: John

text: Martin

text: The

text: headquarters

text: of

text: Turner

text: 's

text: properties

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: both

text: the

text: CNN

text: Center

text: in

text: Downtown

text: Atlanta

text: and

text: the

text: Turner

text: Broadcasting

text: campus

text: off

text: Techwood

text: Drive

text: in

text: Midtown

text: Atlanta

text: which

text: also

text: houses

text: Turner

text: Studios

text: Across

text: Interstate

text: from

text: the

text: Techwood

text: campus

text: is

text: the

text: original

text: home

text: of

text: Turner

text: 's

text: WTBS

text: superstation

text: now

text: separated

text: into

text: its

text: TBS

text: cable

text: network

text: and

text: Peachtree

text: TV

text: which

text: today

text: houses

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: Adult

text: Swim

text: and

text: Williams

text: Street

text: Productions

question: place_of_birth tracy smothers

answer: atlanta

text: atlanta

text: atlanta

text: atlanta

text: atlanta

text: atlanta

text: atlanta

text: atlanta


text: Carl Panzram ( June 28 , 1891 -- September 5 , 1930 ) was an American serial killer , rapist , arsonist and burglar . In jailhouse confessions and his autobiography , he claimed that he had committed 21 murders -- most of which could not be corroborated -- and over 1,000 rapes and sodomies . After a series of imprisonments and escapes , he was executed in 1930 for the murder of a prison employee at Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary .

text: Carl

text: Panzram

text: June

text: September

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: serial

text: killer

text: rapist

text: arsonist

text: and

text: burglar

text: In

text: jailhouse

text: confessions

text: and

text: his

text: autobiography

text: he

text: claimed

text: that

text: he

text: had

text: committed

text: murders

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: could

text: not

text: be

text: corroborated

text: and

text: over

text: rapes

text: and

text: sodomies

text: After

text: series

text: of

text: imprisonments

text: and

text: escapes

text: he

text: was

text: executed

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: murder

text: of

text: prison

text: employee

text: at

text: Leavenworth

text: Federal

text: Penitentiary

text: Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought. This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is a killing committed in the absence of "malice", brought about by reasonable provocation, or diminished capacity. "Involuntary" manslaughter, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated guilty intent ("mens rea"), recklessness.

text: Murder

text: is

text: the

text: unlawful

text: killing

text: of

text: another

text: human

text: without

text: justification

text: or

text: valid

text: excuse

text: especially

text: the

text: unlawful

text: killing

text: of

text: another

text: human

text: being

text: with

text: malice

text: aforethought

text: This

text: state

text: of

text: mind

text: may

text: depending

text: upon

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: distinguish

text: murder

text: from

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: unlawful

text: homicide

text: such

text: as

text: manslaughter

text: Manslaughter

text: is

text: killing

text: committed

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: malice

text: brought

text: about

text: by

text: reasonable

text: provocation

text: or

text: diminished

text: capacity

text: Involuntary

text: manslaughter

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: recognized

text: is

text: killing

text: that

text: lacks

text: all

text: but

text: the

text: most

text: attenuated

text: guilty

text: intent

text: mens

text: rea

text: recklessness

text: Manslaughter is a legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder. The distinction between murder and manslaughter is sometimes said to have first been made by the Ancient Athenian lawmaker Draco in the 7th century BCE.

text: Manslaughter

text: is

text: legal

text: term

text: for

text: homicide

text: considered

text: by

text: law

text: as

text: less

text: culpable

text: than

text: murder

text: The

text: distinction

text: between

text: murder

text: and

text: manslaughter

text: is

text: sometimes

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: first

text: been

text: made

text: by

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Athenian

text: lawmaker

text: Draco

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Homicide refers to one human being killing another. Homicides can be divided into many overlapping types, including murder, manslaughter, justifiable homicide, killing in war, euthanasia, and capital punishment and abortion, depending on the circumstances of the death. These different types of homicides are often treated very differently in human societies; some are considered crimes, while others are permitted or even ordered by the legal system.

text: Homicide

text: refers

text: to

text: one

text: human

text: being

text: killing

text: another

text: Homicides

text: can

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: many

text: overlapping

text: types

text: including

text: murder

text: manslaughter

text: justifiable

text: homicide

text: killing

text: in

text: war

text: euthanasia

text: and

text: capital

text: punishment

text: and

text: abortion

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: circumstances

text: of

text: the

text: death

text: These

text: different

text: types

text: of

text: homicides

text: are

text: often

text: treated

text: very

text: differently

text: in

text: human

text: societies

text: some

text: are

text: considered

text: crimes

text: while

text: others

text: are

text: permitted

text: or

text: even

text: ordered

text: by

text: the

text: legal

text: system

text: A serial killer is a person who typically murders three or more people, usually in service of abnormal psychological gratification, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant break (a "cooling off period") between them. Different authorities apply different criteria when designating serial killers; while most set a threshold of three murders, others extend it to four or lessen it to two. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), for example, defines serial killing as "a series of two or more murders, committed as separate events, usually, but not always, by one offender acting alone".

text: serial

text: killer

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: typically

text: murders

text: three

text: or

text: more

text: people

text: usually

text: in

text: service

text: of

text: abnormal

text: psychological

text: gratification

text: with

text: the

text: murders

text: taking

text: place

text: over

text: more

text: than

text: month

text: and

text: including

text: significant

text: break

text: cooling

text: off

text: period

text: between

text: them

text: Different

text: authorities

text: apply

text: different

text: criteria

text: when

text: designating

text: serial

text: killers

text: while

text: most

text: set

text: threshold

text: of

text: three

text: murders

text: others

text: extend

text: it

text: to

text: four

text: or

text: lessen

text: it

text: to

text: two

text: The

text: Federal

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Investigation

text: FBI

text: for

text: example

text: defines

text: serial

text: killing

text: as

text: series

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: murders

text: committed

text: as

text: separate

text: events

text: usually

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: by

text: one

text: offender

text: acting

text: alone

text: Malice aforethought was the "premeditation" or "predetermination" (with malice) that was required as an element of some crimes in some jurisdictions and a unique element for first-degree or aggravated murder in a few. Insofar as the term is still in use, it has a technical meaning that has changed substantially over time.

text: Malice

text: aforethought

text: was

text: the

text: premeditation

text: or

text: predetermination

text: with

text: malice

text: that

text: was

text: required

text: as

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: some

text: crimes

text: in

text: some

text: jurisdictions

text: and

text: unique

text: element

text: for

text: first

text: degree

text: or

text: aggravated

text: murder

text: in

text: few

text: Insofar

text: as

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: it

text: has

text: technical

text: meaning

text: that

text: has

text: changed

text: substantially

text: over

text: time

annotations: likely single

question: manner_of_death carl panzram

answer: capital punishment

text: capital punishment


text: The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: pronounced

text: is

text: sea

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: almost

text: completely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: identified

text: as

text: separate

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Microregion is a designation for territorial entities.  Klaus Roth and Ulf Brunnbauer. A microregion is a geographic region of a size between that of a community and that of a district.

text: Microregion

text: is

text: designation

text: for

text: territorial

text: entities

text: Klaus

text: Roth

text: and

text: Ulf

text: Brunnbauer

text: microregion

text: is

text: geographic

text: region

text: of

text: size

text: between

text: that

text: of

text: community

text: and

text: that

text: of

text: district

text: Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over . The population of Mali is 14.5 million. Its capital is Bamako. Mali consists of eight regions and its borders on the north reach deep into the middle of the Sahara Desert, while the country's southern part, where the majority of inhabitants live, features the Niger and Senegal rivers. The country's economy centers on agriculture and fishing. Some of Mali's prominent natural resources include gold, being the third largest producer of gold in the African continent, and salt. About half the population lives below the international poverty line of $1.25 (U.S.) a day. A majority of the population (90%) are Muslims.

text: Mali

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Mali

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: Mali

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: over

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: Mali

text: is

text: million

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Bamako

text: Mali

text: consists

text: of

text: eight

text: regions

text: and

text: its

text: borders

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: reach

text: deep

text: into

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: Desert

text: while

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: southern

text: part

text: where

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: live

text: features

text: the

text: Niger

text: and

text: Senegal

text: rivers

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: economy

text: centers

text: on

text: agriculture

text: and

text: fishing

text: Some

text: of

text: Mali

text: 's

text: prominent

text: natural

text: resources

text: include

text: gold

text: being

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: producer

text: of

text: gold

text: in

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: and

text: salt

text: About

text: half

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: below

text: the

text: international

text: poverty

text: line

text: of

text: U.S.

text: day

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: are

text: Muslims

text: Tunisia ('; ), officially the Republic of Tunisia (') is the northernmost country in Africa, covering . Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11 million in 2014. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on Tunisia's northeast coast.

text: Tunisia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Tunisia

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: covering

text: Its

text: northernmost

text: point

text: Cape

text: Angela

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Algeria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Tunisia

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: just

text: under

text: million

text: in

text: Tunisia

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: Tunis

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: Tunisia

text: 's

text: northeast

text: coast

text: Tunis ("") is both the capital and the largest city of Tunisia. The greater metropolitan area of Tunis, often referred to as "Grand Tunis", has some 2,700,000 inhabitants.

text: Tunis

text: is

text: both

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Tunisia

text: The

text: greater

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: Tunis

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Grand

text: Tunis

text: has

text: some

text: inhabitants

text: A macroregion is a geopolitical subdivision that encompasses several traditionally or politically defined regions. The meaning may vary, with the common denominator being cultural, economical, historical or social similarity within a macroregion. The term is often used in the context of globalization.

text: macroregion

text: is

text: geopolitical

text: subdivision

text: that

text: encompasses

text: several

text: traditionally

text: or

text: politically

text: defined

text: regions

text: The

text: meaning

text: may

text: vary

text: with

text: the

text: common

text: denominator

text: being

text: cultural

text: economical

text: historical

text: or

text: social

text: similarity

text: within

text: macroregion

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: globalization

text: North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of Africa. The United Nations definition of "North Africa" includes seven countries and territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara. The countries of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya are often collectively referred to as the Maghreb, which is the Arabic word for "sunset". Egypt lies to the northeast and encompasses part of West Asia, while Sudan is situated on the edge of the Sahel, to the south of Egypt.

text: North

text: Africa

text: or

text: Northern

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: region

text: of

text: Africa

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: definition

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: includes

text: seven

text: countries

text: and

text: territories

text: Algeria

text: Egypt

text: Libya

text: Mauritania

text: Morocco

text: Sudan

text: Tunisia

text: and

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: The

text: countries

text: of

text: Algeria

text: Morocco

text: Tunisia

text: and

text: Libya

text: are

text: often

text: collectively

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: Arabic

text: word

text: for

text: sunset

text: Egypt

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: encompasses

text: part

text: of

text: West

text: Asia

text: while

text: Sudan

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Sahel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Egypt

text: The Migration Period was a time of widespread migrations within or into Europe in the middle of the first millennium AD. It has also been termed the (German) and, from the Roman and Southern European perspective the Barbarian Invasions. Many of the migrations were movements of Germanic, Slavic, and other peoples into the territory of the then Roman Empire, with or without accompanying invasions or war.

text: The

text: Migration

text: Period

text: was

text: time

text: of

text: widespread

text: migrations

text: within

text: or

text: into

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: millennium

text: AD

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: termed

text: the

text: German

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Roman

text: and

text: Southern

text: European

text: perspective

text: the

text: Barbarian

text: Invasions

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: migrations

text: were

text: movements

text: of

text: Germanic

text: Slavic

text: and

text: other

text: peoples

text: into

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: then

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: accompanying

text: invasions

text: or

text: war

text: The Sahara (", 'the Greatest Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of is comparable to the area of the United States.

text: The

text: Sahara

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Desert

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: hot

text: desert

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: desert

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Its

text: area

text: of

text: is

text: comparable

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: Algiers ("al-Jazer"; Algerian Arabic pronunciation:  Dzayer, ) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. In 2011, the city's population was estimated to be around 3,500,000. An estimate puts the population of the larger metropolitan city to be around 5,000,000. Algiers is located on the Mediterranean Sea and in the north-central portion of Algeria.

text: Algiers

text: al

text: Jazer

text: Algerian

text: Arabic

text: pronunciation

text: Dzayer

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Algeria

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: around

text: An

text: estimate

text: puts

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: metropolitan

text: city

text: to

text: be

text: around

text: Algiers

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: central

text: portion

text: of

text: Algeria

text: Libya ("") is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world.

text: Libya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Chad

text: and

text: Niger

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Algeria

text: and

text: Tunisia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: three

text: traditional

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: are

text: Tripolitania

text: Fezzan

text: and

text: Cyrenaica

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: almost

text: Libya

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Libya

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: proven

text: oil

text: reserves

text: of

text: any

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Niger (or ), officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km, making it the largest country in West Africa, with over 80 percent of its land area covered by the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 19 million is mostly clustered in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in the far-southwest corner of Niger.

text: Niger

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Niger

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Africa

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Niger

text: River

text: Niger

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Chad

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Nigeria

text: and

text: Benin

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Burkina

text: Faso

text: and

text: Mali

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Algeria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Niger

text: covers

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: almost

text: km

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: with

text: over

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: area

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: Sahara

text: Desert

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: predominantly

text: Islamic

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: is

text: mostly

text: clustered

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Niamey

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Niger

text: Kabylia ( Berber :    , Tamurt n Iqbayliyen ) , is a natural and historical region in the north of Algeria . It is part of the Tell Atlas mountains and is located at the edge of the Mediterranean Sea . Kabylia covers several provinces of Algeria : the whole of Tizi Ouzou and Bejaia ( Vgayet ) , most of Bouira ( Tubirett ) and parts of the wilayas of Boumerdes , Setif , Bordj Bou Arreridj and Jijel . Gouraya National Park and Djurdjura National Park are also located in Kabylia .

text: Kabylia

text: Berber

text: Tamurt

text: Iqbayliyen

text: is

text: natural

text: and

text: historical

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Algeria

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Tell

text: Atlas

text: mountains

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Kabylia

text: covers

text: several

text: provinces

text: of

text: Algeria

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Tizi

text: Ouzou

text: and

text: Bejaia

text: Vgayet

text: most

text: of

text: Bouira

text: Tubirett

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: wilayas

text: of

text: Boumerdes

text: Setif

text: Bordj

text: Bou

text: Arreridj

text: and

text: Jijel

text: Gouraya

text: National

text: Park

text: and

text: Djurdjura

text: National

text: Park

text: are

text: also

text: located

text: in

text: Kabylia

text: Morocco (', lit. "The West"; '), officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco (', lit. "The Western Kingdom"; '), is a sovereign country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Geographically, Morocco is characterized by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert, and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.

text: Morocco

text: lit

text: The

text: West

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Morocco

text: lit

text: The

text: Western

text: Kingdom

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: Geographically

text: Morocco

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: rugged

text: mountainous

text: interior

text: large

text: tracts

text: of

text: desert

text: and

text: lengthy

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Algeria (' "Dzayer"), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the country's far north. With an area of , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties). Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.

text: Algeria

text: Dzayer

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Algeria

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Algiers

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: far

text: north

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Algeria

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Africa

text: Algeria

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Tunisia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Morocco

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Saharan

text: territory

text: Mauritania

text: and

text: Mali

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Niger

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: consisting

text: of

text: provinces

text: and

text: communes

text: counties

text: Abdelaziz

text: Bouteflika

text: has

text: been

text: President

text: since

text: Mauritania ('; or  Soninke: "Murutaane"; Pulaar: "Moritani"), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in the Maghreb region of western Africa. It is the eleventh largest country in Africa and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Morocco and the remnants of Western Sahara in the north, Algeria in the northeast, Mali in the east and southeast, and Senegal in the southwest.

text: Mauritania

text: or

text: Soninke

text: Murutaane

text: Pulaar

text: Moritani

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Mauritania

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: of

text: western

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Morocco

text: and

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Algeria

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: Mali

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: and

text: Senegal

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: Western Sahara ("") is a disputed territory in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its surface area amounts to . It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. The population is estimated at just over 500,000, of which nearly 40% live in Laayoune, the largest city in Western Sahara.

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: is

text: disputed

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: bordered

text: by

text: Morocco

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Algeria

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Mauritania

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Its

text: surface

text: area

text: amounts

text: to

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: mainly

text: consisting

text: of

text: desert

text: flatlands

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

text: just

text: over

text: of

text: which

text: nearly

text: live

text: in

text: Laayoune

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: Abdelaziz Bouteflika ("Abd al-Azz Btaflka" ; born 2 March 1937) is an Algerian politician who has been the fifth President of Algeria since 1999. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1963 to 1979. As President, he presided over the end of the bloody Algerian Civil War in 2002, and he ended emergency rule in February 2011 amidst regional unrest. He has also served as president of the United Nations General Assembly.

text: Abdelaziz

text: Bouteflika

text: Abd

text: al

text: Azz

text: Btaflka

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: Algerian

text: politician

text: who

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: fifth

text: President

text: of

text: Algeria

text: since

text: He

text: was

text: Minister

text: of

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: from

text: to

text: As

text: President

text: he

text: presided

text: over

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: bloody

text: Algerian

text: Civil

text: War

text: in

text: and

text: he

text: ended

text: emergency

text: rule

text: in

text: February

text: amidst

text: regional

text: unrest

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: General

text: Assembly

text:
Historical regions (or historical countries) are delimitations of geographic areas for studying and analysing social development of period-specific cultures without any reference to contemporary political, economic or social organisations.
The fundamental principle underlying this view is that older political and mental structures exist which exercise greater influence on the spatial-social identity of individuals than is understood by the contemporary world, bound to and often blinded by its own worldview - e.g. the focus on the nation-state.
Definitions of regions vary, and regions can include macroregions such as Europe, territories of traditional states, or smaller microregional areas. A geographic proximity is the often required precondition for emergence of a regional identity. In Europe the regional identities are often derived from the Migration Period, but for the contemporary perspective are related to the 1918-1920 time of territorial transformation, and another in the post-Cold War period.

text: Historical

text: regions

text: or

text: historical

text: countries

text: are

text: delimitations

text: of

text: geographic

text: areas

text: for

text: studying

text: and

text: analysing

text: social

text: development

text: of

text: period

text: specific

text: cultures

text: without

text: any

text: reference

text: to

text: contemporary

text: political

text: economic

text: or

text: social

text: organisations

text: The

text: fundamental

text: principle

text: underlying

text: this

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: older

text: political

text: and

text: mental

text: structures

text: exist

text: which

text: exercise

text: greater

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: spatial

text: social

text: identity

text: of

text: individuals

text: than

text: is

text: understood

text: by

text: the

text: contemporary

text: world

text: bound

text: to

text: and

text: often

text: blinded

text: by

text: its

text: own

text: worldview

text: e.g.

text: the

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: nation

text: state

text: Definitions

text: of

text: regions

text: vary

text: and

text: regions

text: can

text: include

text: macroregions

text: such

text: as

text: Europe

text: territories

text: of

text: traditional

text: states

text: or

text: smaller

text: microregional

text: areas

text: geographic

text: proximity

text: is

text: the

text: often

text: required

text: precondition

text: for

text: emergence

text: of

text: regional

text: identity

text: In

text: Europe

text: the

text: regional

text: identities

text: are

text: often

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Migration

text: Period

text: but

text: for

text: the

text: contemporary

text: perspective

text: are

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: territorial

text: transformation

text: and

text: another

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: Cold

text: War

text: period

text: A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: in

text: international

text: law

text: nonphysical

text: juridical

text: entity

text: that

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: one

text: centralised

text: government

text: that

text: has

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: geographic

text: area

text: International

text: law

text: defines

text: sovereign

text: states

text: as

text: having

text: permanent

text: population

text: defined

text: territory

text: one

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: relations

text: with

text: other

text: sovereign

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: normally

text: understood

text: that

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: neither

text: dependent

text: on

text: nor

text: subjected

text: to

text: any

text: other

text: power

text: or

text: state

question: instance_of kabylie

answer: geographic region

text: geographic region