text: The son of Shoshenq I and his chief consort, Karomat A, Osorkon I was the second king of Egypt's 22nd Dynasty and ruled around 922 BC  887 BC. He succeeded his father Shoshenq I who probably died within a year of his successful 923 BC campaign against the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Osorkon I's reign is known for many temple building projects and was a long and prosperous period of Egypt's History. His highest known date is a "Year 33 Second Heb Sed" inscription found on the bandage of Nakhtefmut's Mummy which held a bracelet inscribed with Osorkon I's praenomen: "Sekhemkheperre". This date can only belong to Osorkon I since no other early Dynasty 22 king ruled for close to 30 years until the time of Osorkon II. Other mummy linens which belong to his reign include three separate bandages dating to his Regnal Years 11, 12, and 23 on the mummy of Khonsmaakheru in Berlin. The bandages are anonymously dated but definitely belong to his reign because Khonsmaakheru wore leather bands that contained a "menat-tab" naming Osorkon I. Secondly, no other king who ruled around Osorkon I's reign had a 23rd Regnal Year including Shoshenq I who died just before the beginning of his Year 22.

text: The

text: son

text: of

text: Shoshenq

text: and

text: his

text: chief

text: consort

text: Karomat

text: Osorkon

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: king

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: Dynasty

text: and

text: ruled

text: around

text: BC

text: BC

text: He

text: succeeded

text: his

text: father

text: Shoshenq

text: who

text: probably

text: died

text: within

text: year

text: of

text: his

text: successful

text: BC

text: campaign

text: against

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Israel

text: and

text: Judah

text: Osorkon

text: 's

text: reign

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: many

text: temple

text: building

text: projects

text: and

text: was

text: long

text: and

text: prosperous

text: period

text: of

text: Egypt

text: 's

text: History

text: His

text: highest

text: known

text: date

text: is

text: Year

text: Second

text: Heb

text: Sed

text: inscription

text: found

text: on

text: the

text: bandage

text: of

text: Nakhtefmut

text: 's

text: Mummy

text: which

text: held

text: bracelet

text: inscribed

text: with

text: Osorkon

text: 's

text: praenomen

text: Sekhemkheperre

text: This

text: date

text: can

text: only

text: belong

text: to

text: Osorkon

text: since

text: no

text: other

text: early

text: Dynasty

text: king

text: ruled

text: for

text: close

text: to

text: years

text: until

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Osorkon

text: II

text: Other

text: mummy

text: linens

text: which

text: belong

text: to

text: his

text: reign

text: include

text: three

text: separate

text: bandages

text: dating

text: to

text: his

text: Regnal

text: Years

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: mummy

text: of

text: Khonsmaakheru

text: in

text: Berlin

text: The

text: bandages

text: are

text: anonymously

text: dated

text: but

text: definitely

text: belong

text: to

text: his

text: reign

text: because

text: Khonsmaakheru

text: wore

text: leather

text: bands

text: that

text: contained

text: menat

text: tab

text: naming

text: Osorkon

text: Secondly

text: no

text: other

text: king

text: who

text: ruled

text: around

text: Osorkon

text: 's

text: reign

text: had

text: Regnal

text: Year

text: including

text: Shoshenq

text: who

text: died

text: just

text: before

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: his

text: Year

text: Usermaatre Setepenamun Osorkon II was the fifth pharaoh of the Twenty-second Dynasty of Ancient Egypt and the son of Takelot I and Queen Kapes. He ruled Egypt around 872 BC to 837 BC from Tanis, the capital of this Dynasty. After succeeding his father, he was faced with the competing rule of his cousin, king Harsiese A, who controlled both Thebes and the Western Oasis of Egypt. Osorkon feared the serious challenge posed by Harsiese's kingship to his authority but, when Harsiese conveniently died in 860 BC, Osorkon II ensured that this problem would not recur by appointing his own son Nimlot C as the next High Priest of Amun at Thebes. This consolidated the pharaoh's authority over Upper Egypt and meant that Osorkon II ruled over a united Egypt. Osorkon II's reign would be a time of large scale monumental building and prosperity for Egypt.

text: Usermaatre

text: Setepenamun

text: Osorkon

text: II

text: was

text: the

text: fifth

text: pharaoh

text: of

text: the

text: Twenty

text: second

text: Dynasty

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Takelot

text: and

text: Queen

text: Kapes

text: He

text: ruled

text: Egypt

text: around

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: from

text: Tanis

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: this

text: Dynasty

text: After

text: succeeding

text: his

text: father

text: he

text: was

text: faced

text: with

text: the

text: competing

text: rule

text: of

text: his

text: cousin

text: king

text: Harsiese

text: who

text: controlled

text: both

text: Thebes

text: and

text: the

text: Western

text: Oasis

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Osorkon

text: feared

text: the

text: serious

text: challenge

text: posed

text: by

text: Harsiese

text: 's

text: kingship

text: to

text: his

text: authority

text: but

text: when

text: Harsiese

text: conveniently

text: died

text: in

text: BC

text: Osorkon

text: II

text: ensured

text: that

text: this

text: problem

text: would

text: not

text: recur

text: by

text: appointing

text: his

text: own

text: son

text: Nimlot

text: as

text: the

text: next

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: at

text: Thebes

text: This

text: consolidated

text: the

text: pharaoh

text: 's

text: authority

text: over

text: Upper

text: Egypt

text: and

text: meant

text: that

text: Osorkon

text: II

text: ruled

text: over

text: united

text: Egypt

text: Osorkon

text: II

text: 's

text: reign

text: would

text: be

text: time

text: of

text: large

text: scale

text: monumental

text: building

text: and

text: prosperity

text: for

text: Egypt

text: Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. It is one of six civilizations to arise independently. Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and coalesced around 3150 BC (according to conventional Egyptian chronology) with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh Narmer (commonly referred to as Menes). The history of ancient Egypt occurred in a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age and the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age.

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: was

text: civilization

text: of

text: ancient

text: Northeastern

text: Africa

text: concentrated

text: along

text: the

text: lower

text: reaches

text: of

text: the

text: Nile

text: River

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: modern

text: country

text: of

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: six

text: civilizations

text: to

text: arise

text: independently

text: Egyptian

text: civilization

text: followed

text: prehistoric

text: Egypt

text: and

text: coalesced

text: around

text: BC

text: according

text: to

text: conventional

text: Egyptian

text: chronology

text: with

text: the

text: political

text: unification

text: of

text: Upper

text: and

text: Lower

text: Egypt

text: under

text: the

text: first

text: pharaoh

text: Narmer

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Menes

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: occurred

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: stable

text: kingdoms

text: separated

text: by

text: periods

text: of

text: relative

text: instability

text: known

text: as

text: Intermediate

text: Periods

text: the

text: Old

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: the

text: Middle

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: and

text: the

text: New

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: King Farouk ("Frq al-Awwal", 11 February 1920  18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936.

text: King

text: Farouk

text: Frq

text: al

text: Awwal

text: February

text: March

text: was

text: the

text: tenth

text: ruler

text: of

text: Egypt

text: from

text: the

text: Muhammad

text: Ali

text: Dynasty

text: and

text: the

text: penultimate

text: King

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Sudan

text: succeeding

text: his

text: father

text: Fuad

text: in

text: Psusennes III was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes (976 BC  943 BC) at the end of the 21st Dynasty. Little is known of this individual; he is thought by some to be the same person as (King) Psusennes II. His name appears on a document found at the 'mummy cache' DB320 which describes him as a son of the High Priest Pinedjem II. This makes him a possible candidate for Psusennes II because Pinedjem II died in Year 10 of Siamun, who was the immediate predecessor of this Pharaoh.

text: Psusennes

text: III

text: was

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: at

text: Thebes

text: BC

text: BC

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Dynasty

text: Little

text: is

text: known

text: of

text: this

text: individual

text: he

text: is

text: thought

text: by

text: some

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: same

text: person

text: as

text: King

text: Psusennes

text: II

text: His

text: name

text: appears

text: on

text: document

text: found

text: at

text: the

text: mummy

text: cache

text: which

text: describes

text: him

text: as

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: Pinedjem

text: II

text: This

text: makes

text: him

text: possible

text: candidate

text: for

text: Psusennes

text: II

text: because

text: Pinedjem

text: II

text: died

text: in

text: Year

text: of

text: Siamun

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: immediate

text: predecessor

text: of

text: this

text: Pharaoh

text: The majority of Egyptologists agree on the outline and many details of the chronology of Ancient Egypt. This scholarly consensus is the so-called Conventional Egyptian chronology, which places the beginning of the Old Kingdom in the 27th century BC, the beginning of the Middle Kingdom in the 21st century BC and the beginning of the New Kingdom in the mid-16th century BC.

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: Egyptologists

text: agree

text: on

text: the

text: outline

text: and

text: many

text: details

text: of

text: the

text: chronology

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: This

text: scholarly

text: consensus

text: is

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Conventional

text: Egyptian

text: chronology

text: which

text: places

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: The Nile ( "en-Nl",  "an-Nl" "P(h)iaro"; Ancient Egyptian: "'p" and "Iteru"; Biblical Hebrew: , "Ha-Ye'or") is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It is generally regarded as the longest river in the world, however other conflicting sources cite a 2007 study that gave the title to the Amazon River in South America. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an "international" river as its water resources are shared by eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo-Kinshasa, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.

text: The

text: Nile

text: en

text: Nl

text: an

text: Nl

text: P(h)iaro

text: Ancient

text: Egyptian

text: and

text: Iteru

text: Biblical

text: Hebrew

text: Ha

text: Ye'or

text: is

text: major

text: north

text: flowing

text: river

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: however

text: other

text: conflicting

text: sources

text: cite

text: study

text: that

text: gave

text: the

text: title

text: to

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: The

text: Nile

text: which

text: is

text: km

text: miles

text: long

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: river

text: as

text: its

text: water

text: resources

text: are

text: shared

text: by

text: eleven

text: countries

text: namely

text: Tanzania

text: Uganda

text: Rwanda

text: Burundi

text: Congo

text: Kinshasa

text: Kenya

text: Ethiopia

text: Eritrea

text: South

text: Sudan

text: Sudan

text: and

text: Egypt

text: In

text: particular

text: the

text: Nile

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: water

text: source

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Sudan

text: Menmaatre Seti I (or Sethos I as in Greek) was a pharaoh of the New Kingdom Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt, the son of Ramesses I and Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II. As with all dates in Ancient Egypt, the actual dates of his reign are unclear, and various historians claim different dates, with 1294 BC to 1279 BC and 1290 BC to 1279 BC being the most commonly used by scholars today.

text: Menmaatre

text: Seti

text: or

text: Sethos

text: as

text: in

text: Greek

text: was

text: pharaoh

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Kingdom

text: Nineteenth

text: Dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Ramesses

text: and

text: Sitre

text: and

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: Ramesses

text: II

text: As

text: with

text: all

text: dates

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: the

text: actual

text: dates

text: of

text: his

text: reign

text: are

text: unclear

text: and

text: various

text: historians

text: claim

text: different

text: dates

text: with

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: and

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: being

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: by

text: scholars

text: today

text: The Valley of the Kings, the "Valley of the Gates of the Kings", is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC, tombs were constructed for the Pharaohs and powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of Ancient Egypt).

text: The

text: Valley

text: of

text: the

text: Kings

text: the

text: Valley

text: of

text: the

text: Gates

text: of

text: the

text: Kings

text: is

text: valley

text: in

text: Egypt

text: where

text: for

text: period

text: of

text: nearly

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: century

text: BC

text: tombs

text: were

text: constructed

text: for

text: the

text: Pharaohs

text: and

text: powerful

text: nobles

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Eighteenth

text: to

text: the

text: Twentieth

text: Dynasties

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: Kenneth Anderson Kitchen (born in 1932) is a British Bible scholar, Ancient Near Eastern historian, and Personal and Brunner Professor Emeritus of Egyptology and Honorary Research Fellow at the School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, England. He is one of the leading experts on the ancient Egyptian Ramesside Period (i.e., Dynasties 19-20), and the Third Intermediate Period, as well as ancient Egyptian chronology, having written over 250 books and journal articles on these and other subjects since the mid-1950s. He has been described by "The Times" as "the very architect of Egyptian chronology".

text: Kenneth

text: Anderson

text: Kitchen

text: born

text: in

text: is

text: British

text: Bible

text: scholar

text: Ancient

text: Near

text: Eastern

text: historian

text: and

text: Personal

text: and

text: Brunner

text: Professor

text: Emeritus

text: of

text: Egyptology

text: and

text: Honorary

text: Research

text: Fellow

text: at

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: Archaeology

text: Classics

text: and

text: Egyptology

text: University

text: of

text: Liverpool

text: England

text: He

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: experts

text: on

text: the

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: Ramesside

text: Period

text: i.e.

text: Dynasties

text: and

text: the

text: Third

text: Intermediate

text: Period

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: chronology

text: having

text: written

text: over

text: books

text: and

text: journal

text: articles

text: on

text: these

text: and

text: other

text: subjects

text: since

text: the

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: by

text: The

text: Times

text: as

text: the

text: very

text: architect

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: chronology

text: Nubia is a region along the Nile river located in what is today northern Sudan and southern Egypt. It was one of the earliest civilizations of ancient Africa, with a history that can be traced from at least 2000 B.C. onward (through Nubian monuments and artifacts, as well as written records from Egypt and Rome), and was home to one of the African empires. There were a number of large Nubian kingdoms throughout the Postclassical Era, the last of which collapsed in 1504, when Nubia became divided between Egypt and the Sennar sultanate, resulting in the Arabization of much of the Nubian population. Nubia was again united within Ottoman Egypt in the 19th century, and within the Kingdom of Egypt from 1899 to 1956.

text: Nubia

text: is

text: region

text: along

text: the

text: Nile

text: river

text: located

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: today

text: northern

text: Sudan

text: and

text: southern

text: Egypt

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: civilizations

text: of

text: ancient

text: Africa

text: with

text: history

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: from

text: at

text: least

text: B.C.

text: onward

text: through

text: Nubian

text: monuments

text: and

text: artifacts

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: written

text: records

text: from

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Rome

text: and

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: empires

text: There

text: were

text: number

text: of

text: large

text: Nubian

text: kingdoms

text: throughout

text: the

text: Postclassical

text: Era

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: which

text: collapsed

text: in

text: when

text: Nubia

text: became

text: divided

text: between

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Sennar

text: sultanate

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: Arabization

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Nubian

text: population

text: Nubia

text: was

text: again

text: united

text: within

text: Ottoman

text: Egypt

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Egypt

text: from

text: to

text: Egypt (; ', , "Kimi"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation.

text: Egypt

text: Kimi

text: officially

text: the

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Egypt

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: spanning

text: the

text: northeast

text: corner

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Asia

text: by

text: land

text: bridge

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: Egypt

text: is

text: Mediterranean

text: country

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: lies

text: Jordan

text: and

text: across

text: from

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: lies

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: although

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: only

text: contiguous

text: Afrasian

text: nation

text: The Karnak Temple Complex, commonly known as Karnak, comprises a vast mix of decayed temples, chapels, pylons, and other buildings. Building at the complex began during the reign of Senusret I in the Middle Kingdom and continued into the Ptolemaic period, although most of the extant buildings date from the New Kingdom. The area around Karnak was the ancient Egyptian "Ipet-isut" ("The Most Selected of Places") and the main place of worship of the eighteenth dynasty Theban Triad with the god Amun as its head. It is part of the monumental city of Thebes. The Karnak complex gives its name to the nearby, and partly surrounded, modern village of El-Karnak, north of Luxor.

text: The

text: Karnak

text: Temple

text: Complex

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Karnak

text: comprises

text: vast

text: mix

text: of

text: decayed

text: temples

text: chapels

text: pylons

text: and

text: other

text: buildings

text: Building

text: at

text: the

text: complex

text: began

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Senusret

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: continued

text: into

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: period

text: although

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: extant

text: buildings

text: date

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: area

text: around

text: Karnak

text: was

text: the

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: Ipet

text: isut

text: The

text: Most

text: Selected

text: of

text: Places

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: place

text: of

text: worship

text: of

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: dynasty

text: Theban

text: Triad

text: with

text: the

text: god

text: Amun

text: as

text: its

text: head

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: monumental

text: city

text: of

text: Thebes

text: The

text: Karnak

text: complex

text: gives

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: nearby

text: and

text: partly

text: surrounded

text: modern

text: village

text: of

text: El

text: Karnak

text: north

text: of

text: Luxor

text: Titkheperure or Tyetkheperre Psusennes II <nowiki>[</nowiki>Greek <nowiki>]</nowiki> or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II <nowiki>[</nowiki>Egyptian "r-p3-sb3--<n>-nwt"<nowiki>]</nowiki>, was the last king of the Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt. His royal name means "Image of the transformations of Re" in Egyptian. Psusennes II is often considered the same person as the High-Priest of Amun known as Psusennes III. The Egyptologist Karl Jansen-Winkeln notes that an important graffito from the Temple of Abydos contains the complete titles of a king "Tyetkheperre Setepenre Pasebakhaenniut Meryamun" "who is simultaneously called the HPA (i.e., High Priest of Amun) and supreme military commander." This suggests that Psusennes was both king at Tanis and the High Priest in Thebes at the same time, meaning he did not resign his office as High Priest of Amun during his reign. The few contemporary attestations from his reign include the aforementioned graffito in Seti I's Abydos temple, an ostracon from Umm el-Qa'ab, an affiliation at Karnak and his presumed burial  which consists of a gilded coffin with a royal uraeus and a Mummy, found in an antechamber of Psusennes I's tomb at Tanis. He was a High Priest of Amun at Thebes and the son of Pinedjem II and Istemkheb. His daughter Maatkare B was the Great Royal Wife of Osorkon I.

text: Titkheperure

text: or

text: Tyetkheperre

text: Psusennes

text: II

text: nowiki>[</nowiki

text: Greek

text: nowiki>]</nowiki

text: or

text: Hor

text: Pasebakhaenniut

text: II

text: nowiki>[</nowiki

text: Egyptian

text: -<n>-nwt"

text: nowiki>]</nowiki

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Twenty

text: first

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: His

text: royal

text: name

text: means

text: Image

text: of

text: the

text: transformations

text: of

text: Re

text: in

text: Egyptian

text: Psusennes

text: II

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: the

text: same

text: person

text: as

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: known

text: as

text: Psusennes

text: III

text: The

text: Egyptologist

text: Karl

text: Jansen

text: Winkeln

text: notes

text: that

text: an

text: important

text: graffito

text: from

text: the

text: Temple

text: of

text: Abydos

text: contains

text: the

text: complete

text: titles

text: of

text: king

text: Tyetkheperre

text: Setepenre

text: Pasebakhaenniut

text: Meryamun

text: who

text: is

text: simultaneously

text: called

text: the

text: HPA

text: i.e.

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: and

text: supreme

text: military

text: commander

text: This

text: suggests

text: that

text: Psusennes

text: was

text: both

text: king

text: at

text: Tanis

text: and

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: in

text: Thebes

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: meaning

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: resign

text: his

text: office

text: as

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: during

text: his

text: reign

text: The

text: few

text: contemporary

text: attestations

text: from

text: his

text: reign

text: include

text: the

text: aforementioned

text: graffito

text: in

text: Seti

text: 's

text: Abydos

text: temple

text: an

text: ostracon

text: from

text: Umm

text: el

text: Qa'ab

text: an

text: affiliation

text: at

text: Karnak

text: and

text: his

text: presumed

text: burial

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: gilded

text: coffin

text: with

text: royal

text: uraeus

text: and

text: Mummy

text: found

text: in

text: an

text: antechamber

text: of

text: Psusennes

text: 's

text: tomb

text: at

text: Tanis

text: He

text: was

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: at

text: Thebes

text: and

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Pinedjem

text: II

text: and

text: Istemkheb

text: His

text: daughter

text: Maatkare

text: was

text: the

text: Great

text: Royal

text: Wife

text: of

text: Osorkon

text: Lower Egypt ("") is the northernmost region of Egypt: the fertile Nile Delta, between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea  from El Aiyat, south of modern-day Cairo, and Dahshur.

text: Lower

text: Egypt

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: region

text: of

text: Egypt

text: the

text: fertile

text: Nile

text: Delta

text: between

text: Upper

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: from

text: El

text: Aiyat

text: south

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Cairo

text: and

text: Dahshur

text: The Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, Twenty-Third, Twenty-Fourth, and Twenty-Fifth Dynasties of ancient Egypt are often combined under the group title, Third Intermediate Period.

text: The

text: Twenty

text: First

text: Twenty

text: Second

text: Twenty

text: Third

text: Twenty

text: Fourth

text: and

text: Twenty

text: Fifth

text: Dynasties

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: are

text: often

text: combined

text: under

text: the

text: group

text: title

text: Third

text: Intermediate

text: Period

text: Hedjkheperre Setepenre Shoshenq I (Egyptian "ššnq"), (reigned c.943-922 BCE)  also known as Sheshonk or Sheshonq I (for discussion of the spelling, see Shoshenq)  was a pharaoh of ancient Egypt and the founder of the Twenty-second Dynasty. Of ancient Libyan (Meshwesh-Berber) ancestry, Shoshenq I was the son of Nimlot A, Great Chief of the Ma, and his wife Tentshepeh A, a daughter of a Great Chief of the Ma herself. He is presumed to be the Shishaq mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, and his exploits are carved on the Bubastite Portal at Karnak.

text: Hedjkheperre

text: Setepenre

text: Shoshenq

text: Egyptian

text: ššnq

text: reigned

text: BCE

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Sheshonk

text: or

text: Sheshonq

text: for

text: discussion

text: of

text: the

text: spelling

text: see

text: Shoshenq

text: was

text: pharaoh

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Twenty

text: second

text: Dynasty

text: Of

text: ancient

text: Libyan

text: Meshwesh

text: Berber

text: ancestry

text: Shoshenq

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Nimlot

text: Great

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Ma

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Tentshepeh

text: daughter

text: of

text: Great

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Ma

text: herself

text: He

text: is

text: presumed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: Shishaq

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: and

text: his

text: exploits

text: are

text: carved

text: on

text: the

text: Bubastite

text: Portal

text: at

text: Karnak

text: Upper Egypt (', shortened to ' ) is the strip of land on both sides of the Nile that extends between Nubia and downriver (northwards) to Lower Egypt.

text: Upper

text: Egypt

text: shortened

text: to

text: is

text: the

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: Nile

text: that

text: extends

text: between

text: Nubia

text: and

text: downriver

text: northwards

text: to

text: Lower

text: Egypt

text: The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England. It began in 1785 under the title , adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. "The Times" and its sister paper "The Sunday Times" (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, itself wholly owned by News Corp. "The Times" and "The Sunday Times" do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.

text: The

text: Times

text: is

text: British

text: daily

text: Monday

text: to

text: Saturday

text: national

text: newspaper

text: based

text: in

text: London

text: England

text: It

text: began

text: in

text: under

text: the

text: title

text: adopting

text: its

text: current

text: name

text: on

text: January

text: The

text: Times

text: and

text: its

text: sister

text: paper

text: The

text: Sunday

text: Times

text: founded

text: in

text: are

text: published

text: by

text: Times

text: Newspapers

text: since

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: News

text: UK

text: itself

text: wholly

text: owned

text: by

text: News

text: Corp.

text: The

text: Times

text: and

text: The

text: Sunday

text: Times

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: editorial

text: staff

text: were

text: founded

text: independently

text: and

text: have

text: only

text: had

text: common

text: ownership

text: since

text: Thutmose I (sometimes read as "Thothmes," "Thutmosis" or "Tuthmosis I", meaning "Thoth-Born") was the third pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. He received the throne after the death of the previous king, Amenhotep I. During his reign, he campaigned deep into the Levant and Nubia, pushing the borders of Egypt farther than ever before. He also built many temples in Egypt, and a tomb for himself in the Valley of the Kings; he is the first king confirmed to have done this (though Amenhotep I may have preceded him).

text: Thutmose

text: sometimes

text: read

text: as

text: Thothmes

text: Thutmosis

text: or

text: Tuthmosis

text: meaning

text: Thoth

text: Born

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: pharaoh

text: of

text: the

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: He

text: received

text: the

text: throne

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: king

text: Amenhotep

text: During

text: his

text: reign

text: he

text: campaigned

text: deep

text: into

text: the

text: Levant

text: and

text: Nubia

text: pushing

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: Egypt

text: farther

text: than

text: ever

text: before

text: He

text: also

text: built

text: many

text: temples

text: in

text: Egypt

text: and

text: tomb

text: for

text: himself

text: in

text: the

text: Valley

text: of

text: the

text: Kings

text: he

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: king

text: confirmed

text: to

text: have

text: done

text: this

text: though

text: Amenhotep

text: may

text: have

text: preceded

text: him

text: Pharaoh is the common title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150) until the Macedonian conquest in 305 BC, although the actual term "Pharaoh" was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until circa 1200 BCE.

text: Pharaoh

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: monarchs

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: from

text: the

text: First

text: Dynasty

text: until

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: conquest

text: in

text: BC

text: although

text: the

text: actual

text: term

text: Pharaoh

text: was

text: not

text: used

text: contemporaneously

text: for

text: ruler

text: until

text: circa

text: BCE

text: The University of Liverpool is a public university based in the city of Liverpool, England. A member of the elite Russell Group of research-intensive universities, it was founded as a college in 1881 and gained its royal charter in 1903 with the ability to award degrees and is also known to be one of the six original "red brick" civic universities. It comprises three faculties organised into 35 departments and schools. It is a founding member of the Russell Group, the N8 Group for research collaboration and the University Management school is AACSB accredited.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Liverpool

text: is

text: public

text: university

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Liverpool

text: England

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: elite

text: Russell

text: Group

text: of

text: research

text: intensive

text: universities

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: college

text: in

text: and

text: gained

text: its

text: royal

text: charter

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: award

text: degrees

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: original

text: red

text: brick

text: civic

text: universities

text: It

text: comprises

text: three

text: faculties

text: organised

text: into

text: departments

text: and

text: schools

text: It

text: is

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Russell

text: Group

text: the

text: Group

text: for

text: research

text: collaboration

text: and

text: the

text: University

text: Management

text: school

text: is

text: AACSB

text: accredited

text: Heqakheperre Shoshenq II or Shoshenq IIa was a pharaoh of the 22nd dynasty of Egypt. He was the only ruler of this Dynasty whose tomb was not plundered by tomb robbers. His final resting place was discovered within an antechamber of Psusennes I's tomb at Tanis by Pierre Montet in 1939. Montet removed the coffin lid of Shoshenq II on March 20, 1939, in the presence of king Farouk of Egypt himself. It proved to contain a large number of jewel-encrusted bracelets and pectorals, along with a beautiful hawkheaded silver coffin and a gold funerary mask. The gold facemask had been placed upon the head of the king. Montet later discovered the intact tombs of two Dynasty 21 kingsPsusennes I and Amenemope a year later in February and April 1940 respectively. Shoshenq II's prenomen, Heqakheperre Setepenre, means "The manifestation of Ra rules, the chosen one of Ra."

text: Heqakheperre

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: or

text: Shoshenq

text: IIa

text: was

text: pharaoh

text: of

text: the

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: ruler

text: of

text: this

text: Dynasty

text: whose

text: tomb

text: was

text: not

text: plundered

text: by

text: tomb

text: robbers

text: His

text: final

text: resting

text: place

text: was

text: discovered

text: within

text: an

text: antechamber

text: of

text: Psusennes

text: 's

text: tomb

text: at

text: Tanis

text: by

text: Pierre

text: Montet

text: in

text: Montet

text: removed

text: the

text: coffin

text: lid

text: of

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: on

text: March

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: king

text: Farouk

text: of

text: Egypt

text: himself

text: It

text: proved

text: to

text: contain

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: jewel

text: encrusted

text: bracelets

text: and

text: pectorals

text: along

text: with

text: beautiful

text: hawkheaded

text: silver

text: coffin

text: and

text: gold

text: funerary

text: mask

text: The

text: gold

text: facemask

text: had

text: been

text: placed

text: upon

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: Montet

text: later

text: discovered

text: the

text: intact

text: tombs

text: of

text: two

text: Dynasty

text: kingsPsusennes

text: and

text: Amenemope

text: year

text: later

text: in

text: February

text: and

text: April

text: respectively

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: 's

text: prenomen

text: Heqakheperre

text: Setepenre

text: means

text: The

text: manifestation

text: of

text: Ra

text: rules

text: the

text: chosen

text: one

text: of

text: Ra

text: Egyptology (from "Egypt" and Greek , "-logia". ) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD. A practitioner of the discipline is an "Egyptologist". In Europe, particularly on the Continent, Egyptology is primarily regarded as being a philological discipline, while in North America it is often regarded as a branch of archaeology.

text: Egyptology

text: from

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Greek

text: -logia

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: history

text: language

text: literature

text: religion

text: architecture

text: and

text: art

text: from

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: its

text: native

text: religious

text: practices

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: practitioner

text: of

text: the

text: discipline

text: is

text: an

text: Egyptologist

text: In

text: Europe

text: particularly

text: on

text: the

text: Continent

text: Egyptology

text: is

text: primarily

text: regarded

text: as

text: being

text: philological

text: discipline

text: while

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: regarded

text: as

text: branch

text: of

text: archaeology

text: Amenhotep I from Ancient Egyptian "jmn-tp" or "yamnutap" meaning "Amun is satisfied" or Amenophis I from Ancient Greek , was the second Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. His reign is generally dated from 1526 to 1506 BC. He was a son of Ahmose I and Ahmose-Nefertari, but had at least two elder brothers, Ahmose-ankh and Ahmose Sapair, and was not expected to inherit the throne. However, sometime in the eight years between Ahmose I's 17th regnal year and his death, his heir apparent died and Amenhotep became crown prince. He then acceded to the throne and ruled for about 21 years.

text: Amenhotep

text: from

text: Ancient

text: Egyptian

text: jmn

text: tp

text: or

text: yamnutap

text: meaning

text: Amun

text: is

text: satisfied

text: or

text: Amenophis

text: from

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: Pharaoh

text: of

text: the

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: His

text: reign

text: is

text: generally

text: dated

text: from

text: to

text: BC

text: He

text: was

text: son

text: of

text: Ahmose

text: and

text: Ahmose

text: Nefertari

text: but

text: had

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: elder

text: brothers

text: Ahmose

text: ankh

text: and

text: Ahmose

text: Sapair

text: and

text: was

text: not

text: expected

text: to

text: inherit

text: the

text: throne

text: However

text: sometime

text: in

text: the

text: eight

text: years

text: between

text: Ahmose

text: 's

text: regnal

text: year

text: and

text: his

text: death

text: his

text: heir

text: apparent

text: died

text: and

text: Amenhotep

text: became

text: crown

text: prince

text: He

text: then

text: acceded

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: and

text: ruled

text: for

text: about

text: years

text: Pinedjem II was a High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 990 BC to 969 BC and was the "de facto" ruler of the south of the country. He was married to his sister Isetemkheb D (both children of Menkheperre, the High Priest of Amun at Thebes, by Isetemkheb) and also to his niece Nesikhons, the daughter of his brother Smendes II. He succeeded Smendes II, who had a short rule.

text: Pinedjem

text: II

text: was

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: at

text: Thebes

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: from

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: He

text: was

text: married

text: to

text: his

text: sister

text: Isetemkheb

text: both

text: children

text: of

text: Menkheperre

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: at

text: Thebes

text: by

text: Isetemkheb

text: and

text: also

text: to

text: his

text: niece

text: Nesikhons

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: his

text: brother

text: Smendes

text: II

text: He

text: succeeded

text: Smendes

text: II

text: who

text: had

text: short

text: rule

text: Shoshenq C was the eldest son of the 22nd Dynasty pharaoh Osorkon I and queen Maatkare , the daughter of Psusennes II , and served as the High Priest of Amun at Thebes during his father 's reign . Consequently , he was the most important official in Upper Egypt after the king himself . He has generally been equated with Heqakheperre Shoshenq II by the English Egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen and viewed as a short - lived co-regent to his father based on the Nile God British Museum statue 8 which identifies him as the son of Osorkon I and Queen Maatkare , daughter of Hor - Psusennes but this assumption is unproven . In the statue , Shoshenq C is called `` the Master of the Two Lands '' and the formula `` beloved of Amun '' is enclosed within a royal cartouche . However , in the text of the statue , he is not given a specific throne name or prenomen , the use of a cartouche by a royal prince is attested in other periods of Egyptian history such as that of Amenmes , son of Thutmose I , and the documents depicts Shoshenq C as a simple High Priest of Amun on the side of the legs of the Nile God , rather than a king . In addition , none of Shoshenq C 's three wives used the title `` King 's Wife '' in any of their artifacts . More significantly , none of his 3 children ever gave their father a royal title on their own funerary objects such as a Priest Osorkon whose funerary papyri is now in the St Petersburg Museum , or the God 's Wife Karomama - Merytmut . Finally , as Helen Jacquet - Gordon perceptively notes in her Bi Or 32 ( 1975 ) Book Review of Kenneth Kitchen 's TIPE book , Shoshenq C 's third child -- the Priest ( and future king ) Harsiese A does not assign royal titles to his father on a Bes - statue in Durham Museum which he dedicated to his father 's memory . Instead , Shoshenq C is only `` designated the 1st Prophet of Amun without other ( royal ) titles . '' Hence , Jacquet Gordon 's observation : if Shoshenq C had even `` the slightest pretensions to royal rank , his son ( Harsiese ) would not have omitted to mention ... ( this ) fact . We must therefore conclude that he ( ie : Shoshenq C ) had no such pretensions . '' All this evidence taken together suggest that the High Priest Shoshenq C was not a king in his own right and is not Shoshenq II , whose Royal tomb was found intact in Tanis . As an aside , king Shoshenq II did not include any mementos or objects which mention Osorkon I within his own tomb . This is an improbable situation if he was indeed a son of this king who predeceased -- and thus was buried by -- his father , Osorkon I. The only other king mentioned by artifacts in Shoshenq II 's tomb was Shoshenq I. Other Dynasty 22 kings such as Takelot I , employed funerary goods naming their parents , in their own tombs . The High Priest Shoshenq C was probably succeeded in office by Iuwelot , who was also another son of Osorkon I. Shoshenq C 's son , Harsiese , later ruled over Thebes and Middle Egypt as king Harsiese A. There is a high degree of academic uncertainty regarding the parentage of Shoshenq II : some scholars today argue that this mid- 50 's year old ruler was actually a younger son of Shoshenq I due to the discovery of items naming the founder of the 22nd Dynasty in his royal Tanite tomb such as `` a pectoral of the great chief of the Ma Shoshenq A , and a bracelet of Shoshenq I. '' Karl Jansen - Winkeln concludes thus : `` The commonly assumed identification of this king with the ( earlier ) HP and son of Osorkon I does not appear to be very probable . '' Other scholars including Jürgen von Beckerath and Norbert Dautzenberg view the High Priest Shoshenq C as an entirely separate ruler who ruled over Thebes and Upper Egypt as king Maatkheperre Shoshenq ; this Libyan Pharaoh had statue Cairo CG 42192 rededicated and reinscribed . They consequently distinguish him entirely from king Heqakheperre Shoshenq II at Tanis .

text: Shoshenq

text: was

text: the

text: eldest

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: Dynasty

text: pharaoh

text: Osorkon

text: and

text: queen

text: Maatkare

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: Psusennes

text: II

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: at

text: Thebes

text: during

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: reign

text: Consequently

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: official

text: in

text: Upper

text: Egypt

text: after

text: the

text: king

text: himself

text: He

text: has

text: generally

text: been

text: equated

text: with

text: Heqakheperre

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: Egyptologist

text: Kenneth

text: Kitchen

text: and

text: viewed

text: as

text: short

text: lived

text: co

text: regent

text: to

text: his

text: father

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Nile

text: God

text: British

text: Museum

text: statue

text: which

text: identifies

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Osorkon

text: and

text: Queen

text: Maatkare

text: daughter

text: of

text: Hor

text: Psusennes

text: but

text: this

text: assumption

text: is

text: unproven

text: In

text: the

text: statue

text: Shoshenq

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: Master

text: of

text: the

text: Two

text: Lands

text: and

text: the

text: formula

text: beloved

text: of

text: Amun

text: is

text: enclosed

text: within

text: royal

text: cartouche

text: However

text: in

text: the

text: text

text: of

text: the

text: statue

text: he

text: is

text: not

text: given

text: specific

text: throne

text: name

text: or

text: prenomen

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: cartouche

text: by

text: royal

text: prince

text: is

text: attested

text: in

text: other

text: periods

text: of

text: Egyptian

text: history

text: such

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: Amenmes

text: son

text: of

text: Thutmose

text: and

text: the

text: documents

text: depicts

text: Shoshenq

text: as

text: simple

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: on

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: legs

text: of

text: the

text: Nile

text: God

text: rather

text: than

text: king

text: In

text: addition

text: of

text: Shoshenq

text: 's

text: three

text: wives

text: used

text: the

text: title

text: King

text: 's

text: Wife

text: in

text: any

text: of

text: their

text: artifacts

text: More

text: significantly

text: of

text: his

text: children

text: ever

text: gave

text: their

text: father

text: royal

text: title

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: funerary

text: objects

text: such

text: as

text: Priest

text: Osorkon

text: whose

text: funerary

text: papyri

text: is

text: now

text: in

text: the

text: St

text: Petersburg

text: Museum

text: or

text: the

text: God

text: 's

text: Wife

text: Karomama

text: Merytmut

text: Finally

text: as

text: Helen

text: Jacquet

text: Gordon

text: perceptively

text: notes

text: in

text: her

text: Bi

text: Or

text: Book

text: Review

text: of

text: Kenneth

text: Kitchen

text: 's

text: TIPE

text: book

text: Shoshenq

text: 's

text: third

text: child

text: the

text: Priest

text: and

text: future

text: king

text: Harsiese

text: does

text: not

text: assign

text: royal

text: titles

text: to

text: his

text: father

text: on

text: Bes

text: statue

text: in

text: Durham

text: Museum

text: which

text: he

text: dedicated

text: to

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: memory

text: Instead

text: Shoshenq

text: is

text: only

text: designated

text: the

text: Prophet

text: of

text: Amun

text: without

text: other

text: royal

text: titles

text: Hence

text: Jacquet

text: Gordon

text: 's

text: observation

text: if

text: Shoshenq

text: had

text: even

text: the

text: slightest

text: pretensions

text: to

text: royal

text: rank

text: his

text: son

text: Harsiese

text: would

text: not

text: have

text: omitted

text: to

text: mention

text: this

text: fact

text: We

text: must

text: therefore

text: conclude

text: that

text: he

text: ie

text: Shoshenq

text: had

text: no

text: such

text: pretensions

text: All

text: this

text: evidence

text: taken

text: together

text: suggest

text: that

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: Shoshenq

text: was

text: not

text: king

text: in

text: his

text: own

text: right

text: and

text: is

text: not

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: whose

text: Royal

text: tomb

text: was

text: found

text: intact

text: in

text: Tanis

text: As

text: an

text: aside

text: king

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: any

text: mementos

text: or

text: objects

text: which

text: mention

text: Osorkon

text: within

text: his

text: own

text: tomb

text: This

text: is

text: an

text: improbable

text: situation

text: if

text: he

text: was

text: indeed

text: son

text: of

text: this

text: king

text: who

text: predeceased

text: and

text: thus

text: was

text: buried

text: by

text: his

text: father

text: Osorkon

text: The

text: only

text: other

text: king

text: mentioned

text: by

text: artifacts

text: in

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: 's

text: tomb

text: was

text: Shoshenq

text: Other

text: Dynasty

text: kings

text: such

text: as

text: Takelot

text: employed

text: funerary

text: goods

text: naming

text: their

text: parents

text: in

text: their

text: own

text: tombs

text: The

text: High

text: Priest

text: Shoshenq

text: was

text: probably

text: succeeded

text: in

text: office

text: by

text: Iuwelot

text: who

text: was

text: also

text: another

text: son

text: of

text: Osorkon

text: Shoshenq

text: 's

text: son

text: Harsiese

text: later

text: ruled

text: over

text: Thebes

text: and

text: Middle

text: Egypt

text: as

text: king

text: Harsiese

text: There

text: is

text: high

text: degree

text: of

text: academic

text: uncertainty

text: regarding

text: the

text: parentage

text: of

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: some

text: scholars

text: today

text: argue

text: that

text: this

text: mid-

text: 's

text: year

text: old

text: ruler

text: was

text: actually

text: younger

text: son

text: of

text: Shoshenq

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: items

text: naming

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Dynasty

text: in

text: his

text: royal

text: Tanite

text: tomb

text: such

text: as

text: pectoral

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: Ma

text: Shoshenq

text: and

text: bracelet

text: of

text: Shoshenq

text: Karl

text: Jansen

text: Winkeln

text: concludes

text: thus

text: The

text: commonly

text: assumed

text: identification

text: of

text: this

text: king

text: with

text: the

text: earlier

text: HP

text: and

text: son

text: of

text: Osorkon

text: does

text: not

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: very

text: probable

text: Other

text: scholars

text: including

text: Jürgen

text: von

text: Beckerath

text: and

text: Norbert

text: Dautzenberg

text: view

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: Shoshenq

text: as

text: an

text: entirely

text: separate

text: ruler

text: who

text: ruled

text: over

text: Thebes

text: and

text: Upper

text: Egypt

text: as

text: king

text: Maatkheperre

text: Shoshenq

text: this

text: Libyan

text: Pharaoh

text: had

text: statue

text: Cairo

text: CG

text: rededicated

text: and

text: reinscribed

text: They

text: consequently

text: distinguish

text: him

text: entirely

text: from

text: king

text: Heqakheperre

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: at

text: Tanis

annotations: follows single

question: country_of_citizenship shoshenq c

answer: ancient egypt

text: ancient egypt

text: ancient egypt

text: ancient egypt

text: ancient egypt

text: ancient egypt

text: ancient egypt

text: ancient egypt

text: ancient egypt

text: ancient egypt

text: ancient egypt


text: Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England. With around 600 undergraduates, 300 graduates, and over 180 fellows, it is the largest college in either of the Oxbridge universities by number of undergraduates. By combined student numbers, it is second to Homerton College, Cambridge.

text: Trinity

text: College

text: is

text: constituent

text: college

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: in

text: England

text: With

text: around

text: undergraduates

text: graduates

text: and

text: over

text: fellows

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: college

text: in

text: either

text: of

text: the

text: Oxbridge

text: universities

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: undergraduates

text: By

text: combined

text: student

text: numbers

text: it

text: is

text: second

text: to

text: Homerton

text: College

text: Cambridge

text: A barrister (also known as barrister-at-law or bar-at-law) is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions who works at higher levels of court. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the philosophy, hypothesis and history of law, and giving expert legal opinions. Often, barristers are also recognised as "legal scholars".

text: barrister

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: barrister

text: at

text: law

text: or

text: bar

text: at

text: law

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: lawyer

text: in

text: common

text: law

text: jurisdictions

text: who

text: works

text: at

text: higher

text: levels

text: of

text: court

text: Barristers

text: mostly

text: specialise

text: in

text: courtroom

text: advocacy

text: and

text: litigation

text: Their

text: tasks

text: include

text: taking

text: cases

text: in

text: superior

text: courts

text: and

text: tribunals

text: drafting

text: legal

text: pleadings

text: researching

text: the

text: philosophy

text: hypothesis

text: and

text: history

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: giving

text: expert

text: legal

text: opinions

text: Often

text: barristers

text: are

text: also

text: recognised

text: as

text: legal

text: scholars

text: The Gunpowder Plot of 1605, in earlier centuries often called the Gunpowder Treason Plot or the Jesuit Treason, was a failed assassination attempt against King James I of England and VI of Scotland by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby.

text: The

text: Gunpowder

text: Plot

text: of

text: in

text: earlier

text: centuries

text: often

text: called

text: the

text: Gunpowder

text: Treason

text: Plot

text: or

text: the

text: Jesuit

text: Treason

text: was

text: failed

text: assassination

text: attempt

text: against

text: King

text: James

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: VI

text: of

text: Scotland

text: by

text: group

text: of

text: provincial

text: English

text: Catholics

text: led

text: by

text: Robert

text: Catesby

text: The Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was the head of the Court of Common Pleas, also known as the Common Bench or Common Place, which was the second-highest common law court in the English legal system until 1875, when it, along with the other two common law courts and the equity and probate courts, became part of the High Court of Justice. As such, the Chief Justice of the Common Pleas was one of the highest judicial officials in England, behind only the Lord High Chancellor and the Lord Chief Justice of England, who headed the Queen's Bench (King's when the monarch was male).

text: The

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: Common

text: Pleas

text: was

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Common

text: Pleas

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Common

text: Bench

text: or

text: Common

text: Place

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: common

text: law

text: court

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: legal

text: system

text: until

text: when

text: it

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: common

text: law

text: courts

text: and

text: the

text: equity

text: and

text: probate

text: courts

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: High

text: Court

text: of

text: Justice

text: As

text: such

text: the

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: Common

text: Pleas

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: judicial

text: officials

text: in

text: England

text: behind

text: only

text: the

text: Lord

text: High

text: Chancellor

text: and

text: the

text: Lord

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: England

text: who

text: headed

text: the

text: Queen

text: 's

text: Bench

text: King

text: 's

text: when

text: the

text: monarch

text: was

text: male

text: Sir Henry Hobart , 1st Baronet SL ( c. 1560 -- 29 December 1625 ) , of Blickling Hall , was an English politician who succeeded Sir Edward Coke to become Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas .

text: Sir

text: Henry

text: Hobart

text: Baronet

text: SL

text: December

text: of

text: Blickling

text: Hall

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: politician

text: who

text: succeeded

text: Sir

text: Edward

text: Coke

text: to

text: become

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: Common

text: Pleas

text: Sir Edward Coke (("cook"), formerly ; 1 February 1552  3 September 1634) was an English barrister, judge and, later, opposition politician, who is considered to be the greatest jurist of the Elizabethan and Jacobean eras. Born into a middle-class family, Coke was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, before leaving to study at the Inner Temple, where he was called to the Bar on 20 April 1578. As a barrister he took part in several notable cases, including "Slade's Case", before earning enough political favour to be elected to Parliament, where he served first as Solicitor General and then as Speaker of the House of Commons. Following a promotion to Attorney General he led the prosecution in several notable cases, including those against Robert Devereux, Sir Walter Raleigh, and the Gunpowder Plot conspirators. As a reward for his services he was first knighted and then made Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.

text: Sir

text: Edward

text: Coke

text: cook

text: formerly

text: February

text: September

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: barrister

text: judge

text: and

text: later

text: opposition

text: politician

text: who

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: greatest

text: jurist

text: of

text: the

text: Elizabethan

text: and

text: Jacobean

text: eras

text: Born

text: into

text: middle

text: class

text: family

text: Coke

text: was

text: educated

text: at

text: Trinity

text: College

text: Cambridge

text: before

text: leaving

text: to

text: study

text: at

text: the

text: Inner

text: Temple

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: called

text: to

text: the

text: Bar

text: on

text: April

text: As

text: barrister

text: he

text: took

text: part

text: in

text: several

text: notable

text: cases

text: including

text: Slade

text: 's

text: Case

text: before

text: earning

text: enough

text: political

text: favour

text: to

text: be

text: elected

text: to

text: Parliament

text: where

text: he

text: served

text: first

text: as

text: Solicitor

text: General

text: and

text: then

text: as

text: Speaker

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: Following

text: promotion

text: to

text: Attorney

text: General

text: he

text: led

text: the

text: prosecution

text: in

text: several

text: notable

text: cases

text: including

text: those

text: against

text: Robert

text: Devereux

text: Sir

text: Walter

text: Raleigh

text: and

text: the

text: Gunpowder

text: Plot

text: conspirators

text: As

text: reward

text: for

text: his

text: services

text: he

text: was

text: first

text: knighted

text: and

text: then

text: made

text: Chief

text: Justice

text: of

text: the

text: Common

text: Pleas

text: The Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, commonly known as Inner Temple, is one of the four Inns of Court (professional associations for barristers and judges) in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns. It is located in the wider Temple area of the capital, near the Royal Courts of Justice, and within the City of London.

text: The

text: Honourable

text: Society

text: of

text: the

text: Inner

text: Temple

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Inner

text: Temple

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: Inns

text: of

text: Court

text: professional

text: associations

text: for

text: barristers

text: and

text: judges

text: in

text: London

text: To

text: be

text: called

text: to

text: the

text: Bar

text: and

text: practise

text: as

text: barrister

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: an

text: individual

text: must

text: belong

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: these

text: Inns

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: wider

text: Temple

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: near

text: the

text: Royal

text: Courts

text: of

text: Justice

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: occupation sir henry hobart

answer: judge

text: judge


text: Indigenous Australians are the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people of Australia, descended from groups that existed in Australia and surrounding islands prior to European colonisation. The earliest definite human remains found in Australia are those of Mungo Man and Mungo Lady, which have been dated at about 40,000 years old, although the time of arrival of the first Indigenous Australians is a matter of debate among researchers, with estimates including thermoluminescence dating to between 61,000 and 52,000 years ago, as well as a suggestion of up to 125,000 years ago.

text: Indigenous

text: Australians

text: are

text: the

text: Aboriginal

text: and

text: Torres

text: Strait

text: Islander

text: people

text: of

text: Australia

text: descended

text: from

text: groups

text: that

text: existed

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: prior

text: to

text: European

text: colonisation

text: The

text: earliest

text: definite

text: human

text: remains

text: found

text: in

text: Australia

text: are

text: those

text: of

text: Mungo

text: Man

text: and

text: Mungo

text: Lady

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: dated

text: at

text: about

text: years

text: old

text: although

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Indigenous

text: Australians

text: is

text: matter

text: of

text: debate

text: among

text: researchers

text: with

text: estimates

text: including

text: thermoluminescence

text: dating

text: to

text: between

text: and

text: years

text: ago

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: suggestion

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: years

text: ago

text: The La Grange expedition was a search expedition carried out in the vicinity of Lagrange Bay in the Kimberley region of Western Australia in 1865. Led by Maitland Brown, the expedition searched for three settlers who had failed to return from an earlier exploring expedition. The three men were eventually found dead, having been speared and clubbed to death in their sleep by Indigenous Australians. A number of Indigenous people were subsequently killed by members of the expedition in a controversial incident that is often now referred to as the "La Grange Massacre", although the fairness of this term remains a matter of some debate.

text: The

text: La

text: Grange

text: expedition

text: was

text: search

text: expedition

text: carried

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Lagrange

text: Bay

text: in

text: the

text: Kimberley

text: region

text: of

text: Western

text: Australia

text: in

text: Led

text: by

text: Maitland

text: Brown

text: the

text: expedition

text: searched

text: for

text: three

text: settlers

text: who

text: had

text: failed

text: to

text: return

text: from

text: an

text: earlier

text: exploring

text: expedition

text: The

text: three

text: men

text: were

text: eventually

text: found

text: dead

text: having

text: been

text: speared

text: and

text: clubbed

text: to

text: death

text: in

text: their

text: sleep

text: by

text: Indigenous

text: Australians

text: number

text: of

text: Indigenous

text: people

text: were

text: subsequently

text: killed

text: by

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: expedition

text: in

text: controversial

text: incident

text: that

text: is

text: often

text: now

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: La

text: Grange

text: Massacre

text: although

text: the

text: fairness

text: of

text: this

text: term

text: remains

text: matter

text: of

text: some

text: debate

text: The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as "Ratnkara", ""the mine of gems"" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as "Hind Mahsgar", ""the great Indian sea"", in Hindi.

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: covering

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Australia

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: by

text: Antarctica

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Ratnkara

text: the

text: mine

text: of

text: gems

text: in

text: ancient

text: Sanskrit

text: literature

text: and

text: as

text: Hind

text: Mahsgar

text: the

text: great

text: Indian

text: sea

text: in

text: Hindi

text: The Northern Territory (abbreviated as NT) is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). To the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large areaover , making it the third largest Australian federal divisionit is sparsely populated. The Northern Territory's population of 244,000 (2016) makes it the least populous of Australia's eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania.

text: The

text: Northern

text: Territory

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: NT

text: is

text: federal

text: Australian

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: central

text: northern

text: regions

text: of

text: Australia

text: It

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: Western

text: Australia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: meridian

text: east

text: South

text: Australia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: parallel

text: south

text: and

text: Queensland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: meridian

text: east

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: territory

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Timor

text: Sea

text: the

text: Arafura

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Carpentaria

text: Despite

text: its

text: large

text: areaover

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: Australian

text: federal

text: divisionit

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: The

text: Northern

text: Territory

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: least

text: populous

text: of

text: Australia

text: 's

text: eight

text: major

text: states

text: and

text: territories

text: having

text: fewer

text: than

text: half

text: as

text: many

text: people

text: as

text: Tasmania

text: Maitland Brown (17 July 1843  8 May 1905) was an explorer, politician and pastoralist in colonial Western Australia. He is best remembered as the leader of the La Grange expedition, which searched for and recovered the bodies of three white settlers murdered by Indigenous Australians, and subsequently killed a number of Indigenous people in an incident that remains controversial to this day.

text: Maitland

text: Brown

text: July

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: explorer

text: politician

text: and

text: pastoralist

text: in

text: colonial

text: Western

text: Australia

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: remembered

text: as

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: La

text: Grange

text: expedition

text: which

text: searched

text: for

text: and

text: recovered

text: the

text: bodies

text: of

text: three

text: white

text: settlers

text: murdered

text: by

text: Indigenous

text: Australians

text: and

text: subsequently

text: killed

text: number

text: of

text: Indigenous

text: people

text: in

text: an

text: incident

text: that

text: remains

text: controversial

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: David Bras Francisco ( 22 February 1841 -- 29 April 1888 ) was a member of the La Grange expedition of 1864 , which searched for three men missing in the Kimberley region of Western Australia . Born in Western Australia on 22 February 1841 , Francisco left Western Australia in February 1852 on the Dido , but returned in March 1861 on the Dolphin . He worked as an auctioneer and estate agent in Fremantle . In 1864 , Francisco travelled to the north west of Western Australia on the Clarence Packet . The primary charter of the Clarence Packet was to aid in the execution of the La Grange expedition in search of three missing men , Frederick Panter , James Harding and William Goldwyer . Francisco fell in with the party , and ended up a participant in the expedition . His diary remains a valuable independent record of the expedition . In 1867 , Francisco became a foundation member of the Fremantle Town Council , serving until 1875 . In 1868 he married Ellen Hillman ; they would have five children . He died in 1888 .

text: David

text: Bras

text: Francisco

text: February

text: April

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: La

text: Grange

text: expedition

text: of

text: which

text: searched

text: for

text: three

text: men

text: missing

text: in

text: the

text: Kimberley

text: region

text: of

text: Western

text: Australia

text: Born

text: in

text: Western

text: Australia

text: on

text: February

text: Francisco

text: left

text: Western

text: Australia

text: in

text: February

text: on

text: the

text: Dido

text: but

text: returned

text: in

text: March

text: on

text: the

text: Dolphin

text: He

text: worked

text: as

text: an

text: auctioneer

text: and

text: estate

text: agent

text: in

text: Fremantle

text: In

text: Francisco

text: travelled

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: Western

text: Australia

text: on

text: the

text: Clarence

text: Packet

text: The

text: primary

text: charter

text: of

text: the

text: Clarence

text: Packet

text: was

text: to

text: aid

text: in

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: the

text: La

text: Grange

text: expedition

text: in

text: search

text: of

text: three

text: missing

text: men

text: Frederick

text: Panter

text: James

text: Harding

text: and

text: William

text: Goldwyer

text: Francisco

text: fell

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: party

text: and

text: ended

text: up

text: participant

text: in

text: the

text: expedition

text: His

text: diary

text: remains

text: valuable

text: independent

text: record

text: of

text: the

text: expedition

text: In

text: Francisco

text: became

text: foundation

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Fremantle

text: Town

text: Council

text: serving

text: until

text: In

text: he

text: married

text: Ellen

text: Hillman

text: they

text: would

text: have

text: five

text: children

text: He

text: died

text: in

text: Western Australia (abbreviated as WA) is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state with a total land area of 2,529,875 square kilometres (976,790 sq mi), and the second-largest country subdivision in the world  however, a significant part of it is sparsely populated. The state has about 2.6 million inhabitants, around 11% of the national total. 92% of the population lives in the south-west corner of the state.

text: Western

text: Australia

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: WA

text: is

text: state

text: occupying

text: the

text: entire

text: western

text: third

text: of

text: Australia

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: the

text: Great

text: Australian

text: Bight

text: and

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Northern

text: Territory

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: South

text: Australia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Western

text: Australia

text: is

text: Australia

text: 's

text: largest

text: state

text: with

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: subdivision

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: however

text: significant

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: around

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: total

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: corner

text: of

text: the

text: state

question: occupation david francisco

answer: explorer

text: explorer


text: Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets.

text: Latin

text: Latin

text: is

text: classical

text: language

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Italic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: The

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: and

text: Greek

text: alphabets

text: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.

text: Australia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: continent

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: are

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: East

text: Timor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Australia

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Canberra

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: Sydney

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

text: Nova Scotia (Latin for "New Scotland"; French: "Nouvelle-Écosse") is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces which form Atlantic Canada. Its provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is Canada's second-smallest province, with an area of , including Cape Breton and another 3,800 coastal islands. As of 2011, the population was 921,727, making Nova Scotia the second most-densely populated province in Canada with almost .

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: Latin

text: for

text: New

text: Scotland

text: French

text: Nouvelle

text: Écosse

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Canada

text: 's

text: three

text: Maritime

text: provinces

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: provinces

text: which

text: form

text: Atlantic

text: Canada

text: Its

text: provincial

text: capital

text: is

text: Halifax

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: is

text: Canada

text: 's

text: second

text: smallest

text: province

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: including

text: Cape

text: Breton

text: and

text: another

text: coastal

text: islands

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: making

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: province

text: in

text: Canada

text: with

text: almost

text: Square rig is a generic type of sail and rigging arrangement in which the primary driving sails are carried on horizontal spars which are perpendicular, or square, to the keel of the vessel and to the masts. These spars are called "yards" and their tips, beyond the last stay, are called the "yardarms". A ship mainly so rigged is called a square-rigger.

text: Square

text: rig

text: is

text: generic

text: type

text: of

text: sail

text: and

text: rigging

text: arrangement

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: primary

text: driving

text: sails

text: are

text: carried

text: on

text: horizontal

text: spars

text: which

text: are

text: perpendicular

text: or

text: square

text: to

text: the

text: keel

text: of

text: the

text: vessel

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: masts

text: These

text: spars

text: are

text: called

text: yards

text: and

text: their

text: tips

text: beyond

text: the

text: last

text: stay

text: are

text: called

text: the

text: yardarms

text: ship

text: mainly

text: so

text: rigged

text: is

text: called

text: square

text: rigger

text: Illawarra is a region in the Australian state of New South Wales. It is a coastal region situated immediately south of Sydney and north of the Shoalhaven or South Coast region. It encompasses the cities of Wollongong, Shellharbour, the town of Kiama and the shire of Wingecarribee.

text: Illawarra

text: is

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: Australian

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: It

text: is

text: coastal

text: region

text: situated

text: immediately

text: south

text: of

text: Sydney

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Shoalhaven

text: or

text: South

text: Coast

text: region

text: It

text: encompasses

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Wollongong

text: Shellharbour

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Kiama

text: and

text: the

text: shire

text: of

text: Wingecarribee

text: The Agnes was a wooden brigantine built in 1849 at Point Brenley , Nova Scotia . She was first registered in Pictou , Nova Scotia . Later acquired by owners in Sydney , she was wrecked on the north side of the Wollongong breakwater in New South Wales on 10 March 1877 , when the wind changed whilst carrying ballast between Sydney and Wollongong .

text: The

text: Agnes

text: was

text: wooden

text: brigantine

text: built

text: in

text: at

text: Point

text: Brenley

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: She

text: was

text: first

text: registered

text: in

text: Pictou

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: Later

text: acquired

text: by

text: owners

text: in

text: Sydney

text: she

text: was

text: wrecked

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Wollongong

text: breakwater

text: in

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: on

text: March

text: when

text: the

text: wind

text: changed

text: whilst

text: carrying

text: ballast

text: between

text: Sydney

text: and

text: Wollongong

text: Wollongong, informally referred to as "The Gong", is a seaside city located in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. Wollongong lies on the narrow coastal strip between the Illawarra Escarpment and the Pacific Ocean, 82 kilometres (51 miles) south of Sydney. Wollongong had an estimated urban population of 292,388 at June 2015, making it the third largest city in New South Wales after Sydney and Newcastle, and the tenth largest city in Australia.

text: Wollongong

text: informally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Gong

text: is

text: seaside

text: city

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Illawarra

text: region

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: Australia

text: Wollongong

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: narrow

text: coastal

text: strip

text: between

text: the

text: Illawarra

text: Escarpment

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: kilometres

text: miles

text: south

text: of

text: Sydney

text: Wollongong

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: urban

text: population

text: of

text: at

text: June

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: after

text: Sydney

text: and

text: Newcastle

text: and

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Australia

text: New South Wales (abbreviated as NSW) is a state on the east coast of :Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south, and South Australia to the west. It has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city. , the estimated population of New South Wales was 7.5 million, making it Australia's most populous state. Just under two-thirds of the state's population, 4.67 million, live in the Greater Sydney area. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as "New South Welshmen".

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: NSW

text: is

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: Australia

text: It

text: borders

text: Queensland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Victoria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: South

text: Australia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: It

text: has

text: coast

text: line

text: with

text: the

text: Tasman

text: Sea

text: on

text: its

text: east

text: side

text: The

text: Australian

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: is

text: an

text: enclave

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Sydney

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: Australia

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: the

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: was

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: Australia

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: Just

text: under

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: population

text: million

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Sydney

text: area

text: Inhabitants

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: New

text: South

text: Welshmen

text: The Illawarra escarpment, or officially the Illawarra Range, is the fold-created cliffs and plateau-eroded outcrop mountain range west of the Illawarra coastal plain south of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The range encloses the Illawarra region which stretches from Stanwell Park in the north to Kiama, Gerringong and the Shoalhaven River in the south.

text: The

text: Illawarra

text: escarpment

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Illawarra

text: Range

text: is

text: the

text: fold

text: created

text: cliffs

text: and

text: plateau

text: eroded

text: outcrop

text: mountain

text: range

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Illawarra

text: coastal

text: plain

text: south

text: of

text: Sydney

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: Australia

text: The

text: range

text: encloses

text: the

text: Illawarra

text: region

text: which

text: stretches

text: from

text: Stanwell

text: Park

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: Kiama

text: Gerringong

text: and

text: the

text: Shoalhaven

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: The brigantine was a two-masted sailing vessel with a fully square rigged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square topsail and a gaff sail mainsail (behind the mast). The main mast is the second and taller of the two masts.

text: The

text: brigantine

text: was

text: two

text: masted

text: sailing

text: vessel

text: with

text: fully

text: square

text: rigged

text: foremast

text: and

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: sails

text: on

text: the

text: main

text: mast

text: square

text: topsail

text: and

text: gaff

text: sail

text: mainsail

text: behind

text: the

text: mast

text: The

text: main

text: mast

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: taller

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: masts

text: Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds the world's largest natural harbour, and sprawls towards the Blue Mountains to the west. Residents of Sydney are known as "Sydneysiders". Sydney is the second official seat and second official residence of the Governor-General of Australia and the Prime Minister of Australia and many federal ministries maintain substantial presences in Sydney.

text: Sydney

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: Oceania

text: Located

text: on

text: Australia

text: 's

text: east

text: coast

text: the

text: metropolis

text: surrounds

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: natural

text: harbour

text: and

text: sprawls

text: towards

text: the

text: Blue

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Residents

text: of

text: Sydney

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Sydneysiders

text: Sydney

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: official

text: seat

text: and

text: second

text: official

text: residence

text: of

text: the

text: Governor

text: General

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Australia

text: and

text: many

text: federal

text: ministries

text: maintain

text: substantial

text: presences

text: in

text: Sydney

text: A brig is a sailing vessel with two square-rigged masts. During the Age of Sail, brigs were seen as fast and maneuverable and were used as both naval warships and merchant vessels. They were especially popular in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Brigs fell out of use with the arrival of the steam ship because they required a relatively large crew for their small size and were difficult to sail into the wind. They are not to be confused with a brigantine, which has different rigging (a brigantine has a gaff-rigged mainsail, while a brig has a square mainsail with an additional gaff-rigged spanker behind the mainsail). A brig is distinct from a three-masted ship by virtue of only having two masts.

text: brig

text: is

text: sailing

text: vessel

text: with

text: two

text: square

text: rigged

text: masts

text: During

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Sail

text: brigs

text: were

text: seen

text: as

text: fast

text: and

text: maneuverable

text: and

text: were

text: used

text: as

text: both

text: naval

text: warships

text: and

text: merchant

text: vessels

text: They

text: were

text: especially

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: Brigs

text: fell

text: out

text: of

text: use

text: with

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: the

text: steam

text: ship

text: because

text: they

text: required

text: relatively

text: large

text: crew

text: for

text: their

text: small

text: size

text: and

text: were

text: difficult

text: to

text: sail

text: into

text: the

text: wind

text: They

text: are

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: brigantine

text: which

text: has

text: different

text: rigging

text: brigantine

text: has

text: gaff

text: rigged

text: mainsail

text: while

text: brig

text: has

text: square

text: mainsail

text: with

text: an

text: additional

text: gaff

text: rigged

text: spanker

text: behind

text: the

text: mainsail

text: brig

text: is

text: distinct

text: from

text: three

text: masted

text: ship

text: by

text: virtue

text: of

text: only

text: having

text: two

text: masts

text: Atlantic Canada is the region of Canada comprising the four provinces located on the Atlantic coast, excluding Quebec: the three Maritime provinces  New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia  and the easternmost province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The population of the four Atlantic provinces in 2011 was about 2,300,000 on half a million km.

text: Atlantic

text: Canada

text: is

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Canada

text: comprising

text: the

text: four

text: provinces

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: excluding

text: Quebec

text: the

text: three

text: Maritime

text: provinces

text: New

text: Brunswick

text: Prince

text: Edward

text: Island

text: and

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: and

text: the

text: easternmost

text: province

text: of

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: Labrador

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: Atlantic

text: provinces

text: in

text: was

text: about

text: on

text: half

text: million

text: km

annotations: likely single

question: instance_of agnes

answer: ship

text: ship

text: ship

text: ship