text: Scotland Yard (officially New Scotland Yard) is a metonym for the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, the territorial police force responsible for policing most of London.

text: Scotland

text: Yard

text: officially

text: New

text: Scotland

text: Yard

text: is

text: metonym

text: for

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: Police

text: Service

text: the

text: territorial

text: police

text: force

text: responsible

text: for

text: policing

text: most

text: of

text: London

text: Jonathan Scott Frakes (born August 19, 1952) is an American actor, author, and director. Frakes is best known for his portrayal of Commander William T. Riker in the television series "" and subsequent films. Frakes also hosted the television series "", challenging viewers to discern his stories of fact-based phenomena and fabricated tales. In June 2011, Frakes narrated the History Channel documentary "Lee and Grant". He was also the voice actor of David Xanatos in the Disney television series "Gargoyles".

text: Jonathan

text: Scott

text: Frakes

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: author

text: and

text: director

text: Frakes

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: portrayal

text: of

text: Commander

text: William

text: Riker

text: in

text: the

text: television

text: series

text: and

text: subsequent

text: films

text: Frakes

text: also

text: hosted

text: the

text: television

text: series

text: challenging

text: viewers

text: to

text: discern

text: his

text: stories

text: of

text: fact

text: based

text: phenomena

text: and

text: fabricated

text: tales

text: In

text: June

text: Frakes

text: narrated

text: the

text: History

text: Channel

text: documentary

text: Lee

text: and

text: Grant

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: voice

text: actor

text: of

text: David

text: Xanatos

text: in

text: the

text: Disney

text: television

text: series

text: Gargoyles

text: Adam Worth (18448 January 1902) was a German-born American criminal. Scotland Yard Detective Robert Anderson nicknamed him "the Napoleon of the criminal world", This is widely considered the inspiration for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional criminal mastermind James Moriarty in the Sherlock Holmes series, whom Conan Doyle calls "The Napoleon of Crime".

text: Adam

text: Worth

text: January

text: was

text: German

text: born

text: American

text: criminal

text: Scotland

text: Yard

text: Detective

text: Robert

text: Anderson

text: nicknamed

text: him

text: the

text: Napoleon

text: of

text: the

text: criminal

text: world

text: This

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: the

text: inspiration

text: for

text: Sir

text: Arthur

text: Conan

text: Doyle

text: 's

text: fictional

text: criminal

text: mastermind

text: James

text: Moriarty

text: in

text: the

text: Sherlock

text: Holmes

text: series

text: whom

text: Conan

text: Doyle

text: calls

text: The

text: Napoleon

text: of

text: Crime

text: An archenemy, archfoe, archvillain, or nemesis (sometimes spelled arch-enemy, arch-foe, or arch-villain) is the principal enemy of someone or something. In fiction, it is a character who is the hero/protagonist's worst enemy.

text: An

text: archenemy

text: archfoe

text: archvillain

text: or

text: nemesis

text: sometimes

text: spelled

text: arch

text: enemy

text: arch

text: foe

text: or

text: arch

text: villain

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: enemy

text: of

text: someone

text: or

text: something

text: In

text: fiction

text: it

text: is

text: character

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: hero

text: protagonist

text: 's

text: worst

text: enemy

text: Commander Katherine Pulaski is a fictional medical doctor in the American science fiction television series Star Trek : The Next Generation . She is the chief medical officer aboard the Federation starship USS Enterprise - D. Her medical skills saved the lives of Captain Jean - Luc Picard and Commander William Riker , and she helped inspire Lt. Commander Data to create a hologram of Professor Moriarty that became self - aware . Pulaski preferred to avoid the transporter , but was forced to rely on it to save her own life from an alien infection . Before arriving on the Enterprise - D , she previously served on the USS Repulse . For a time , she was romantically involved with Kyle Riker , but they continued to remain friends . Portrayed by American actress Diana Muldaur , Pulaski replaced the character of Commander Beverly Crusher for the second season after Gates McFadden 's contract was not renewed . Pulaski first appeared in the second season opener `` The Child '' , and made her final appearance in `` Shades of Gray '' . Before playing the role of Pulaski on The Next Generation , Muldaur appeared in Star Trek : The Original Series , playing different characters in the episodes `` Return to Tomorrow '' and `` Is There in Truth No Beauty ? '' She later worked with series creator Gene Roddenberry on a pilot for the series Planet Earth . McFadden returned to replace Muldaur in the third season , reprising her role as Dr. Crusher for the remainder of the series . Reviewers criticized Pulaski 's approach , as well as her inability to fit in with the crew . Critics noted that her transporter phobia was reminiscent of Dr. Leonard McCoy from The Original Series , as was her relationship with Data ; Pulaski 's interaction with Data raised comparisons to that of McCoy and Spock from The Original Series . Episodes featuring Pulaski in a leading role , such as `` Unnatural Selection '' , produced divided opinions among critics , with some describing it as a key episode while others argued that it showed only the negative side of her role .

text: Commander

text: Katherine

text: Pulaski

text: is

text: fictional

text: medical

text: doctor

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: science

text: fiction

text: television

text: series

text: Star

text: Trek

text: The

text: Next

text: Generation

text: She

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: medical

text: officer

text: aboard

text: the

text: Federation

text: starship

text: USS

text: Enterprise

text: Her

text: medical

text: skills

text: saved

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: Captain

text: Jean

text: Luc

text: Picard

text: and

text: Commander

text: William

text: Riker

text: and

text: she

text: helped

text: inspire

text: Lt

text: Commander

text: Data

text: to

text: create

text: hologram

text: of

text: Professor

text: Moriarty

text: that

text: became

text: self

text: aware

text: Pulaski

text: preferred

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: transporter

text: but

text: was

text: forced

text: to

text: rely

text: on

text: it

text: to

text: save

text: her

text: own

text: life

text: from

text: an

text: alien

text: infection

text: Before

text: arriving

text: on

text: the

text: Enterprise

text: she

text: previously

text: served

text: on

text: the

text: USS

text: Repulse

text: For

text: time

text: she

text: was

text: romantically

text: involved

text: with

text: Kyle

text: Riker

text: but

text: they

text: continued

text: to

text: remain

text: friends

text: Portrayed

text: by

text: American

text: actress

text: Diana

text: Muldaur

text: Pulaski

text: replaced

text: the

text: character

text: of

text: Commander

text: Beverly

text: Crusher

text: for

text: the

text: second

text: season

text: after

text: Gates

text: McFadden

text: 's

text: contract

text: was

text: not

text: renewed

text: Pulaski

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: season

text: opener

text: The

text: Child

text: and

text: made

text: her

text: final

text: appearance

text: in

text: Shades

text: of

text: Gray

text: Before

text: playing

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Pulaski

text: on

text: The

text: Next

text: Generation

text: Muldaur

text: appeared

text: in

text: Star

text: Trek

text: The

text: Original

text: Series

text: playing

text: different

text: characters

text: in

text: the

text: episodes

text: Return

text: to

text: Tomorrow

text: and

text: Is

text: There

text: in

text: Truth

text: No

text: Beauty

text: She

text: later

text: worked

text: with

text: series

text: creator

text: Gene

text: Roddenberry

text: on

text: pilot

text: for

text: the

text: series

text: Planet

text: Earth

text: McFadden

text: returned

text: to

text: replace

text: Muldaur

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: season

text: reprising

text: her

text: role

text: as

text: Dr.

text: Crusher

text: for

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: Reviewers

text: criticized

text: Pulaski

text: 's

text: approach

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: her

text: inability

text: to

text: fit

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: crew

text: Critics

text: noted

text: that

text: her

text: transporter

text: phobia

text: was

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: Dr.

text: Leonard

text: McCoy

text: from

text: The

text: Original

text: Series

text: as

text: was

text: her

text: relationship

text: with

text: Data

text: Pulaski

text: 's

text: interaction

text: with

text: Data

text: raised

text: comparisons

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: McCoy

text: and

text: Spock

text: from

text: The

text: Original

text: Series

text: Episodes

text: featuring

text: Pulaski

text: in

text: leading

text: role

text: such

text: as

text: Unnatural

text: Selection

text: produced

text: divided

text: opinions

text: among

text: critics

text: with

text: some

text: describing

text: it

text: as

text: key

text: episode

text: while

text: others

text: argued

text: that

text: it

text: showed

text: only

text: the

text: negative

text: side

text: of

text: her

text: role

text: Star Trek is an American science fiction entertainment franchise based on the television series created by Gene Roddenberry. The first television series, simply called "Star Trek" and now referred to as "", debuted in 1966 and aired for three seasons on the television network NBC. It followed the interstellar adventures of Captain James T. Kirk (William Shatner) and his crew aboard the starship USS "Enterprise", a space exploration vessel, built by the interstellar federal republic United Federation of Planets in the twenty-third century. The "Star Trek" canon of the franchise include "The Original Series", an animated series, four television series, its film franchise and an upcoming television series scheduled to debut in 2017.

text: Star

text: Trek

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: science

text: fiction

text: entertainment

text: franchise

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: television

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: Gene

text: Roddenberry

text: The

text: first

text: television

text: series

text: simply

text: called

text: Star

text: Trek

text: and

text: now

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: debuted

text: in

text: and

text: aired

text: for

text: three

text: seasons

text: on

text: the

text: television

text: network

text: NBC

text: It

text: followed

text: the

text: interstellar

text: adventures

text: of

text: Captain

text: James

text: Kirk

text: William

text: Shatner

text: and

text: his

text: crew

text: aboard

text: the

text: starship

text: USS

text: Enterprise

text: space

text: exploration

text: vessel

text: built

text: by

text: the

text: interstellar

text: federal

text: republic

text: United

text: Federation

text: of

text: Planets

text: in

text: the

text: twenty

text: third

text: century

text: The

text: Star

text: Trek

text: canon

text: of

text: the

text: franchise

text: include

text: The

text: Original

text: Series

text: an

text: animated

text: series

text: four

text: television

text: series

text: its

text: film

text: franchise

text: and

text: an

text: upcoming

text: television

text: series

text: scheduled

text: to

text: debut

text: in

text: Sherlock Holmes is a fictional private detective created by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Known as a "consulting detective" in the stories, Holmes is known for a proficiency with observation, forensic science, and logical reasoning that borders on the fantastic, which he employs when investigating cases for a wide variety of clients, including Scotland Yard.

text: Sherlock

text: Holmes

text: is

text: fictional

text: private

text: detective

text: created

text: by

text: British

text: author

text: Sir

text: Arthur

text: Conan

text: Doyle

text: Known

text: as

text: consulting

text: detective

text: in

text: the

text: stories

text: Holmes

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: proficiency

text: with

text: observation

text: forensic

text: science

text: and

text: logical

text: reasoning

text: that

text: borders

text: on

text: the

text: fantastic

text: which

text: he

text: employs

text: when

text: investigating

text: cases

text: for

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: clients

text: including

text: Scotland

text: Yard

text: Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle KStJ, DL (22 May 1859  7 July 1930) was a British writer and physician, most noted for creating the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes and writing stories about him which are generally considered milestones in the field of crime fiction.

text: Sir

text: Arthur

text: Ignatius

text: Conan

text: Doyle

text: KStJ

text: DL

text: May

text: July

text: was

text: British

text: writer

text: and

text: physician

text: most

text: noted

text: for

text: creating

text: the

text: fictional

text: detective

text: Sherlock

text: Holmes

text: and

text: writing

text: stories

text: about

text: him

text: which

text: are

text: generally

text: considered

text: milestones

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: crime

text: fiction

text: Professor James Moriarty is a fictional character in some of the Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Moriarty is a criminal mastermind whom Holmes describes as the "Napoleon of crime". Doyle lifted the phrase from a Scotland Yard inspector who was referring to Adam Worth, a real-life criminal mastermind and one of the individuals upon whom the character of Moriarty was based. The character was introduced primarily as a narrative device to enable Conan Doyle to kill Sherlock Holmes, and only featured in two of the Sherlock Holmes stories. However, in many adaptations, he has been given a greater prominence and treated as Holmes' archenemy.

text: Professor

text: James

text: Moriarty

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: in

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: Sherlock

text: Holmes

text: stories

text: written

text: by

text: Sir

text: Arthur

text: Conan

text: Doyle

text: Moriarty

text: is

text: criminal

text: mastermind

text: whom

text: Holmes

text: describes

text: as

text: the

text: Napoleon

text: of

text: crime

text: Doyle

text: lifted

text: the

text: phrase

text: from

text: Scotland

text: Yard

text: inspector

text: who

text: was

text: referring

text: to

text: Adam

text: Worth

text: real

text: life

text: criminal

text: mastermind

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: individuals

text: upon

text: whom

text: the

text: character

text: of

text: Moriarty

text: was

text: based

text: The

text: character

text: was

text: introduced

text: primarily

text: as

text: narrative

text: device

text: to

text: enable

text: Conan

text: Doyle

text: to

text: kill

text: Sherlock

text: Holmes

text: and

text: only

text: featured

text: in

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: Sherlock

text: Holmes

text: stories

text: However

text: in

text: many

text: adaptations

text: he

text: has

text: been

text: given

text: greater

text: prominence

text: and

text: treated

text: as

text: Holmes

text: archenemy

text: Napoleon Bonaparte ("Napoléon Bonaparte";  , born ""Napoleone di Buonaparte""; 15 August 1769  5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. One of the greatest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history.

text: Napoleon

text: Bonaparte

text: Napoléon

text: Bonaparte

text: born

text: Napoleone

text: di

text: Buonaparte

text: August

text: May

text: was

text: French

text: military

text: and

text: political

text: leader

text: who

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: and

text: led

text: several

text: successful

text: campaigns

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: As

text: Napoleon

text: he

text: was

text: Emperor

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: from

text: until

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: Napoleon

text: dominated

text: European

text: and

text: global

text: affairs

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: decade

text: while

text: leading

text: France

text: against

text: series

text: of

text: coalitions

text: in

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: He

text: won

text: most

text: of

text: these

text: wars

text: and

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: his

text: battles

text: building

text: large

text: empire

text: that

text: ruled

text: over

text: continental

text: Europe

text: before

text: its

text: final

text: collapse

text: in

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: commanders

text: in

text: history

text: his

text: wars

text: and

text: campaigns

text: are

text: studied

text: at

text: military

text: schools

text: worldwide

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: legacy

text: has

text: ensured

text: his

text: status

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: celebrated

text: and

text: controversial

text: leaders

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: Jean-Luc Picard is a fictional character in the "Star Trek" franchise, most often seen as Captain of the starship USS "Enterprise"-D. He appears in the television series "" (TNG), the feature films "" (1994), "" (1996), "" (1998), and "" (2002), and numerous appearances in associated media. He is most notably portrayed by actor Patrick Stewart.

text: Jean

text: Luc

text: Picard

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: in

text: the

text: Star

text: Trek

text: franchise

text: most

text: often

text: seen

text: as

text: Captain

text: of

text: the

text: starship

text: USS

text: Enterprise

text: He

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: television

text: series

text: TNG

text: the

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: and

text: numerous

text: appearances

text: in

text: associated

text: media

text: He

text: is

text: most

text: notably

text: portrayed

text: by

text: actor

text: Patrick

text: Stewart

text: A starship, starcraft or interstellar spacecraft is a theoretical spacecraft designed for traveling between planetary systems, as opposed to a vehicle designed for orbital spaceflight or interplanetary travel.

text: starship

text: starcraft

text: or

text: interstellar

text: spacecraft

text: is

text: theoretical

text: spacecraft

text: designed

text: for

text: traveling

text: between

text: planetary

text: systems

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: vehicle

text: designed

text: for

text: orbital

text: spaceflight

text: or

text: interplanetary

text: travel

text: William Thomas Thelonius "Will" Riker, played by Jonathan Frakes, is a fictional character in the "Star Trek" universe appearing primarily as a main character in "". Throughout the series and its accompanying films, he is the "Enterprise" first officer, and briefly captain, until he accepts command of the USS "Titan" at the end of "".

text: William

text: Thomas

text: Thelonius

text: Will

text: Riker

text: played

text: by

text: Jonathan

text: Frakes

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: in

text: the

text: Star

text: Trek

text: universe

text: appearing

text: primarily

text: as

text: main

text: character

text: in

text: Throughout

text: the

text: series

text: and

text: its

text: accompanying

text: films

text: he

text: is

text: the

text: Enterprise

text: first

text: officer

text: and

text: briefly

text: captain

text: until

text: he

text: accepts

text: command

text: of

text: the

text: USS

text: Titan

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Sir Patrick Stewart OBE (born 13 July 1940) is an English actor whose career has included roles on stage, television, and film.

text: Sir

text: Patrick

text: Stewart

text: OBE

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: actor

text: whose

text: career

text: has

text: included

text: roles

text: on

text: stage

text: television

text: and

text: film

annotations: follows single

question: occupation katherine pulaski

answer: physician

text: physician


text: War film is a film genre concerned with warfare, typically about naval, air, or land battles, with combat scenes central to the drama. It has been strongly associated with the 20th century. The fateful nature of battle scenes means that war films often end with them. Themes explored include combat, survival and escape, sacrifice, the futility and inhumanity of battle, the effects of war on society, and the moral and human issues raised by war. War films are often categorized by their milieu, such as the Korean War; the most popular subject is the Second World War. The stories told may be fiction, historical drama, or biographical. Critics have noted similarities between the Western and the war film.

text: War

text: film

text: is

text: film

text: genre

text: concerned

text: with

text: warfare

text: typically

text: about

text: naval

text: air

text: or

text: land

text: battles

text: with

text: combat

text: scenes

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: drama

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: strongly

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: fateful

text: nature

text: of

text: battle

text: scenes

text: means

text: that

text: war

text: films

text: often

text: end

text: with

text: them

text: Themes

text: explored

text: include

text: combat

text: survival

text: and

text: escape

text: sacrifice

text: the

text: futility

text: and

text: inhumanity

text: of

text: battle

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: war

text: on

text: society

text: and

text: the

text: moral

text: and

text: human

text: issues

text: raised

text: by

text: war

text: War

text: films

text: are

text: often

text: categorized

text: by

text: their

text: milieu

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Korean

text: War

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: subject

text: is

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: The

text: stories

text: told

text: may

text: be

text: fiction

text: historical

text: drama

text: or

text: biographical

text: Critics

text: have

text: noted

text: similarities

text: between

text: the

text: Western

text: and

text: the

text: war

text: film

text: A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film.

text: film

text: director

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: directs

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: film

text: Generally

text: film

text: director

text: controls

text: film

text: 's

text: artistic

text: and

text: dramatic

text: aspects

text: and

text: visualizes

text: the

text: script

text: while

text: guiding

text: the

text: technical

text: crew

text: and

text: actors

text: in

text: the

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: that

text: vision

text: The

text: director

text: has

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: choosing

text: the

text: cast

text: members

text: production

text: design

text: and

text: the

text: creative

text: aspects

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: Under

text: European

text: Union

text: law

text: the

text: director

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: Lev Oskarovich Arnshtam (15 January 1905  26 December 1979) was a Soviet film director and screenwriter. He directed nine films between 1936 and 1967.

text: Lev

text: Oskarovich

text: Arnshtam

text: January

text: December

text: was

text: Soviet

text: film

text: director

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: He

text: directed

text: nine

text: films

text: between

text: and

text: The 1st Cannes Film Festival was held from 20 September to 5 October 1946.

text: The

text: Cannes

text: Film

text: Festival

text: was

text: held

text: from

text: September

text: to

text: October

text: The Cannes Festival (French: Festival de Cannes), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival ("Festival international du film") and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries, from all around the world. Founded in 1946, the invitation-only festival is held annually (usually in May) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès.

text: The

text: Cannes

text: Festival

text: French

text: Festival

text: de

text: Cannes

text: named

text: until

text: as

text: the

text: International

text: Film

text: Festival

text: Festival

text: international

text: du

text: film

text: and

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: Cannes

text: Film

text: Festival

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: film

text: festival

text: held

text: in

text: Cannes

text: France

text: which

text: previews

text: new

text: films

text: of

text: all

text: genres

text: including

text: documentaries

text: from

text: all

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Founded

text: in

text: the

text: invitation

text: only

text: festival

text: is

text: held

text: annually

text: usually

text: in

text: May

text: at

text: the

text: Palais

text: des

text: Festivals

text: et

text: des

text: Congrès

text: The Korean War (in South Korean , "Korean War"; in North Korean , "Fatherland Liberation War"; 25 June 1950  27 July 1953) began when North Korea invaded South Korea. The United Nations, with the United States as the principal force, came to the aid of South Korea. China came to the aid of North Korea, and the Soviet Union gave some assistance.

text: The

text: Korean

text: War

text: in

text: South

text: Korean

text: Korean

text: War

text: in

text: North

text: Korean

text: Fatherland

text: Liberation

text: War

text: June

text: July

text: began

text: when

text: North

text: Korea

text: invaded

text: South

text: Korea

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: the

text: principal

text: force

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: South

text: Korea

text: China

text: came

text: to

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: North

text: Korea

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: gave

text: some

text: assistance

text: Zoya ( Russian :  ) is a 1944 Soviet war film directed by Lev Arnshtam . It was entered into the 1946 Cannes Film Festival .

text: Zoya

text: Russian

text: is

text: Soviet

text: war

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Lev

text: Arnshtam

text: It

text: was

text: entered

text: into

text: the

text: Cannes

text: Film

text: Festival

question: country_of_origin zoya

answer: soviet union

text: soviet union


text: Margaret of France , Duchess of Berry ( French : Marguerite de Valois ) ( 5 June 1523 -- 15 September 1574 ) was the daughter of King Francis I of France and Claude , Duchess of Brittany .

text: Margaret

text: of

text: France

text: Duchess

text: of

text: Berry

text: French

text: Marguerite

text: de

text: Valois

text: June

text: September

text: was

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: King

text: Francis

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: Claude

text: Duchess

text: of

text: Brittany

text: The House of Valois was a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. They succeeded the House of Capet (or "Direct Capetians") to the French throne, and were the royal house of France from 1328 to 1589. Junior members of the family founded cadet branches in Orléans, Anjou, Burgundy, and Alençon.

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Valois

text: was

text: cadet

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Capetian

text: dynasty

text: They

text: succeeded

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Capet

text: or

text: Direct

text: Capetians

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: throne

text: and

text: were

text: the

text: royal

text: house

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: to

text: Junior

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: founded

text: cadet

text: branches

text: in

text: Orléans

text: Anjou

text: Burgundy

text: and

text: Alençon

text: Francis I (12 September 1494  31 March 1547) was the first King of France from the Angoulême branch of the House of Valois, reigning from 1515 until his death. He was the son of Charles, Count of Angoulême, and Louise of Savoy. He succeeded his cousin and father-in-law Louis XII, who died without a male heir.

text: Francis

text: September

text: March

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: King

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: the

text: Angoulême

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Valois

text: reigning

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Charles

text: Count

text: of

text: Angoulême

text: and

text: Louise

text: of

text: Savoy

text: He

text: succeeded

text: his

text: cousin

text: and

text: father

text: in

text: law

text: Louis

text: XII

text: who

text: died

text: without

text: male

text: heir

text: Louise of Savoy (11 September 1476  22 September 1531) was a French noblewoman, Duchess suo jure of Auvergne and Bourbon, Duchess of Nemours, and the mother of King Francis I of France. She was politically active and served as the Regent of France in 1515, in 15251526 and in 1529.

text: Louise

text: of

text: Savoy

text: September

text: September

text: was

text: French

text: noblewoman

text: Duchess

text: suo

text: jure

text: of

text: Auvergne

text: and

text: Bourbon

text: Duchess

text: of

text: Nemours

text: and

text: the

text: mother

text: of

text: King

text: Francis

text: of

text: France

text: She

text: was

text: politically

text: active

text: and

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Regent

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: in

text: and

text: in

annotations: follows multiple

question: noble_family margaret of france

answer: house of valois

text: house of valois

text: house of valois


text: Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Europe. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark is the sovereign state that comprises Denmark proper and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has a total area of , and a population of 5.7 million. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand and Funen. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate.

text: Denmark

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: southernmost

text: and

text: smallest

text: of

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: it

text: is

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Germany

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: is

text: the

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: comprises

text: Denmark

text: proper

text: and

text: two

text: autonomous

text: constituent

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: and

text: Greenland

text: Denmark

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: The

text: country

text: consists

text: of

text: peninsula

text: Jutland

text: and

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: named

text: islands

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: being

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Funen

text: The

text: islands

text: are

text: characterised

text: by

text: flat

text: arable

text: land

text: and

text: sandy

text: coasts

text: low

text: elevation

text: and

text: temperate

text: climate

text: Hillerød Kommune is a municipality (Danish, "kommune") in Region Hovedstaden ("Capital Region"). The municipality covers an area of 191 km² (74 sq. miles), and has a total population of 48,728 (1 April 2014). The mayor of the municipality as of 1 January 2014 is Dorte Meldgaard, a member of the Conservative political party.

text: Hillerød

text: Kommune

text: is

text: municipality

text: Danish

text: kommune

text: in

text: Region

text: Hovedstaden

text: Capital

text: Region

text: The

text: municipality

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: sq

text: miles

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: April

text: The

text: mayor

text: of

text: the

text: municipality

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: is

text: Dorte

text: Meldgaard

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Conservative

text: political

text: party

text: Funen, with an area of , is the third-largest island of Denmark, after Zealand and Vendsyssel-Thy. It is the 165th-largest island in the world. It is in the central part of the country and has a population of 466,284 (2013). The main city is Odense which is connected to the sea by a seldom-used canal. The city's shipyard, Odense Steel Shipyard, has been relocated outside Odense proper.

text: Funen

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: island

text: of

text: Denmark

text: after

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Vendsyssel

text: Thy

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: main

text: city

text: is

text: Odense

text: which

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: sea

text: by

text: seldom

text: used

text: canal

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: shipyard

text: Odense

text: Steel

text: Shipyard

text: has

text: been

text: relocated

text: outside

text: Odense

text: proper

text: An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.

text: An

text: administrative

text: centre

text: is

text: seat

text: of

text: regional

text: administration

text: or

text: local

text: government

text: or

text: county

text: town

text: or

text: the

text: place

text: where

text: the

text: central

text: administration

text: of

text: commune

text: is

text: located

text: Jutland , also known as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula , is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and the northern portion of Germany. The names are derived from the Jutes and the Cimbri, respectively. Jutland's terrain is relatively flat, with open lands, heaths, plains and peat bogs in the west and a more elevated and slightly hilly terrain in the east.

text: Jutland

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cimbric

text: or

text: Cimbrian

text: Peninsula

text: is

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: that

text: forms

text: the

text: continental

text: portion

text: of

text: Denmark

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: portion

text: of

text: Germany

text: The

text: names

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Jutes

text: and

text: the

text: Cimbri

text: respectively

text: Jutland

text: 's

text: terrain

text: is

text: relatively

text: flat

text: with

text: open

text: lands

text: heaths

text: plains

text: and

text: peat

text: bogs

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: more

text: elevated

text: and

text: slightly

text: hilly

text: terrain

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: The Faroe Islands (Irish: "Na Scigirí") are an archipelago between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic approximately halfway between Norway and Iceland, north-northwest of mainland Scotland. The area is approximately with a 2016 population of 49,188. The islands are an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark.

text: The

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: Irish

text: Scigirí

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: between

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: approximately

text: halfway

text: between

text: Norway

text: and

text: Iceland

text: north

text: northwest

text: of

text: mainland

text: Scotland

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: approximately

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: islands

text: are

text: an

text: autonomous

text: country

text: within

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: The Nordic countries or Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as Norden (lit., "The North"). They consist of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, including their associated territories (Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Åland Islands).

text: The

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: or

text: Nordics

text: are

text: geographical

text: and

text: cultural

text: region

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: most

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Norden

text: lit

text: The

text: North

text: They

text: consist

text: of

text: Denmark

text: Finland

text: Iceland

text: Norway

text: and

text: Sweden

text: including

text: their

text: associated

text: territories

text: Greenland

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: Åland

text: Islands

text: Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

text: Sweden

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Swedish

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Denmark

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: bridge

text: tunnel

text: across

text: the

text: Öresund

text: At

text: Sweden

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Sweden

text: consequently

text: has

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Gilleleje is one of the main towns of the Gribskov municipality in Region Hovedstaden in Denmark. The town is at the northernmost point of Sjælland in Denmark. As of 1 January 2015, it has a population of 6,494.

text: Gilleleje

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: towns

text: of

text: the

text: Gribskov

text: municipality

text: in

text: Region

text: Hovedstaden

text: in

text: Denmark

text: The

text: town

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: northernmost

text: point

text: of

text: Sjælland

text: in

text: Denmark

text: As

text: of

text: January

text: it

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: Esrum Abbey , also Esrom Abbey ( Danish : Esrum or Esrom Kloster ) was the second Cistercian monastery founded in Denmark , located near Hillerød in Region Hovedstaden , on the island of Zealand ( Sjælland ) , on the north side of the Esrum Sø ( Lake Esrum ) near Esbønderup and Græsted .

text: Esrum

text: Abbey

text: also

text: Esrom

text: Abbey

text: Danish

text: Esrum

text: or

text: Esrom

text: Kloster

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: Cistercian

text: monastery

text: founded

text: in

text: Denmark

text: located

text: near

text: Hillerød

text: in

text: Region

text: Hovedstaden

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Zealand

text: Sjælland

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Esrum

text: Sø

text: Lake

text: Esrum

text: near

text: Esbønderup

text: and

text: Græsted

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text:
Hillerød is a Danish town with a population of 31,505 (2015) located in the centre of North Zealand some 30 km to the north of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Hillerød is the administrative centre of Hillerød Municipality and also the administrative seat of Region Hovedstaden (Capital Region of Denmark), one of the five regions in Denmark. It is most known for its large Renaissance castle, Frederiksborg Castle, now home to the Museum of National History. Hillerød station is the terminus of one of the radials of the S-train network as well as several local railway lines. The town is surrounded by the former royal forests of Gribskov to the north and Store Dyrehave to the south.

text: Hillerød

text: is

text: Danish

text: town

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: North

text: Zealand

text: some

text: km

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: Copenhagen

text: Denmark

text: Hillerød

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: Hillerød

text: Municipality

text: and

text: also

text: the

text: administrative

text: seat

text: of

text: Region

text: Hovedstaden

text: Capital

text: Region

text: of

text: Denmark

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: regions

text: in

text: Denmark

text: It

text: is

text: most

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: large

text: Renaissance

text: castle

text: Frederiksborg

text: Castle

text: now

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Museum

text: of

text: National

text: History

text: Hillerød

text: station

text: is

text: the

text: terminus

text: of

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: radials

text: of

text: the

text: train

text: network

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: several

text: local

text: railway

text: lines

text: The

text: town

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: former

text: royal

text: forests

text: of

text: Gribskov

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Store

text: Dyrehave

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.

text: Scandinavia

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: region

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: characterized

text: by

text: common

text: ethnocultural

text: North

text: Germanic

text: heritage

text: and

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: North

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: "Norgga"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.

text: Norway

text: Norwegian

text: Bokmål

text: or

text: Nynorsk

text: Sami

text: Norgga

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Norway

text: is

text: sovereign

text: and

text: unitary

text: monarchy

text: whose

text: territory

text: comprises

text: the

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: Peninsula

text: plus

text: the

text: island

text: Jan

text: Mayen

text: and

text: the

text: archipelago

text: of

text: Svalbard

text: The

text: Antarctic

text: Peter

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: sub

text: Antarctic

text: Bouvet

text: Island

text: are

text: dependent

text: territories

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: Norway

text: also

text: lays

text: claim

text: to

text: section

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: known

text: as

text: Queen

text: Maud

text: Land

text: Until

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: included

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: since

text: Greenland

text: and

text: Iceland

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: Shetland

text: and

text: Orkney

text: until

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: following

text: provinces

text: now

text: in

text: Sweden

text: Jämtland

text: Härjedalen

text: and

text: Bohuslän

text: Greenland  is an autonomous constituent country within the Danish Realm between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors migrated began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island.

text: Greenland

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: constituent

text: country

text: within

text: the

text: Danish

text: Realm

text: between

text: the

text: Arctic

text: and

text: Atlantic

text: Oceans

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Arctic

text: Archipelago

text: Though

text: physiographically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Greenland

text: has

text: been

text: politically

text: and

text: culturally

text: associated

text: with

text: Europe

text: specifically

text: Norway

text: and

text: Denmark

text: the

text: colonial

text: powers

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: nearby

text: island

text: of

text: Iceland

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: millennium

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: residents

text: are

text: Inuit

text: whose

text: ancestors

text: migrated

text: began

text: migrating

text: from

text: the

text: Canadian

text: mainland

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: gradually

text: settling

text: across

text: the

text: island

text: Arable land (from Latin "arabilis", "able to be plowed") is, according to one definition, land "capable" of being ploughed and used to grow crops. In Britain, it was traditionally contrasted with pasturable lands such as heaths which could be used for sheep-rearing but not farmland.

text: Arable

text: land

text: from

text: Latin

text: arabilis

text: able

text: to

text: be

text: plowed

text: is

text: according

text: to

text: one

text: definition

text: land

text: capable

text: of

text: being

text: ploughed

text: and

text: used

text: to

text: grow

text: crops

text: In

text: Britain

text: it

text: was

text: traditionally

text: contrasted

text: with

text: pasturable

text: lands

text: such

text: as

text: heaths

text: which

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: sheep

text: rearing

text: but

text: not

text: farmland

text: Zealand is the largest (7,031 km) and most populated island in Denmark with a population of 2,267,659 (39% of Denmark's total as of January 2016).

text: Zealand

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: km

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: island

text: in

text: Denmark

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: of

text: Denmark

text: 's

text: total

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane. Surface area is its analog on the two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat. It is the two-dimensional analog of the length of a curve (a one-dimensional concept) or the volume of a solid (a three-dimensional concept).

text: Area

text: is

text: the

text: quantity

text: that

text: expresses

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: two

text: dimensional

text: figure

text: or

text: shape

text: or

text: planar

text: lamina

text: in

text: the

text: plane

text: Surface

text: area

text: is

text: its

text: analog

text: on

text: the

text: two

text: dimensional

text: surface

text: of

text: three

text: dimensional

text: object

text: Area

text: can

text: be

text: understood

text: as

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: material

text: with

text: given

text: thickness

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: necessary

text: to

text: fashion

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: shape

text: or

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: paint

text: necessary

text: to

text: cover

text: the

text: surface

text: with

text: single

text: coat

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: two

text: dimensional

text: analog

text: of

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: curve

text: one

text: dimensional

text: concept

text: or

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: solid

text: three

text: dimensional

text: concept

text: Borders are geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Some borderssuch as a state's internal administrative border, or inter-state borders within the Schengen Areaare often open and completely unguarded. Other borders are partially or fully controlled, and may be crossed legally only at designated border checkpoints and border zones may be controlled. Mostly contentious, borders may even foster the setting up of buffer zones. A difference has also been established in academic scholarship between border and frontier, the latter denoting a state of mind rather than state boundaries.

text: Borders

text: are

text: geographic

text: boundaries

text: of

text: political

text: entities

text: or

text: legal

text: jurisdictions

text: such

text: as

text: governments

text: sovereign

text: states

text: federated

text: states

text: and

text: other

text: subnational

text: entities

text: Some

text: borderssuch

text: as

text: state

text: 's

text: internal

text: administrative

text: border

text: or

text: inter

text: state

text: borders

text: within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Areaare

text: often

text: open

text: and

text: completely

text: unguarded

text: Other

text: borders

text: are

text: partially

text: or

text: fully

text: controlled

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: crossed

text: legally

text: only

text: at

text: designated

text: border

text: checkpoints

text: and

text: border

text: zones

text: may

text: be

text: controlled

text: Mostly

text: contentious

text: borders

text: may

text: even

text: foster

text: the

text: setting

text: up

text: of

text: buffer

text: zones

text: difference

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: academic

text: scholarship

text: between

text: border

text: and

text: frontier

text: the

text: latter

text: denoting

text: state

text: of

text: mind

text: rather

text: than

text: state

text: boundaries

text: Frederiksborg Castle is a palatial complex in Hillerød, Denmark. It was built as a royal residence for King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway in the early 17th century, replacing an older castle acquired by Frederick II and becoming the largest Renaissance residence in Scandinavia. Situated on three islets in the "Slotssøen" (castle lake), it is adjoined by a large formal garden in the Baroque style.

text: Frederiksborg

text: Castle

text: is

text: palatial

text: complex

text: in

text: Hillerød

text: Denmark

text: It

text: was

text: built

text: as

text: royal

text: residence

text: for

text: King

text: Christian

text: IV

text: of

text: Denmark

text: Norway

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: replacing

text: an

text: older

text: castle

text: acquired

text: by

text: Frederick

text: II

text: and

text: becoming

text: the

text: largest

text: Renaissance

text: residence

text: in

text: Scandinavia

text: Situated

text: on

text: three

text: islets

text: in

text: the

text: Slotssøen

text: castle

text: lake

text: it

text: is

text: adjoined

text: by

text: large

text: formal

text: garden

text: in

text: the

text: Baroque

text: style

text: The S-train is a type of hybrid urban and suburban railway. Some of the larger S-train systems provide service similar to rapid transit systems, while smaller ones often resemble commuter or even regional rail. They are especially common in Germany, where they are known as S-Bahn, which in the 1930s was an abbreviation of either "Schnellbahn", "Stadtbahn" or "Stadtschnellbahn", depending on the city, but they must not be confused with "U-Stadtbahns". Similar S-train systems exist also in Denmark, there known as S-tog, the Czech Republic as Esko, Switzerland and Austria also as S-Bahn, and northern Italy as Servizio ferroviario followed by either the word "metropolitano" (in Turin) or "surburbano" (in Milano).

text: The

text: train

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: hybrid

text: urban

text: and

text: suburban

text: railway

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: train

text: systems

text: provide

text: service

text: similar

text: to

text: rapid

text: transit

text: systems

text: while

text: smaller

text: ones

text: often

text: resemble

text: commuter

text: or

text: even

text: regional

text: rail

text: They

text: are

text: especially

text: common

text: in

text: Germany

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Bahn

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: was

text: an

text: abbreviation

text: of

text: either

text: Schnellbahn

text: Stadtbahn

text: or

text: Stadtschnellbahn

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: but

text: they

text: must

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: Stadtbahns

text: Similar

text: train

text: systems

text: exist

text: also

text: in

text: Denmark

text: there

text: known

text: as

text: tog

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: as

text: Esko

text: Switzerland

text: and

text: Austria

text: also

text: as

text: Bahn

text: and

text: northern

text: Italy

text: as

text: Servizio

text: ferroviario

text: followed

text: by

text: either

text: the

text: word

text: metropolitano

text: in

text: Turin

text: or

text: surburbano

text: in

text: Milano

text: Copenhagen (, ); ) is the capital and most populated city of Denmark. It has a municipal population of 591,481 and a larger urban population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand; another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road.

text: Copenhagen

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: city

text: of

text: Denmark

text: It

text: has

text: municipal

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: larger

text: urban

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: Copenhagen

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: has

text: just

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Zealand

text: another

text: small

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: Amager

text: and

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Malmö

text: Sweden

text: by

text: the

text: strait

text: of

text: Øresund

text: The

text: Øresund

text: Bridge

text: connects

text: the

text: two

text: cities

text: by

text: rail

text: and

text: road

text: Hillerød station is a railway station serving the city of Hillerød north of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is the terminus of four railways lines:

text: Hillerød

text: station

text: is

text: railway

text: station

text: serving

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Hillerød

text: north

text: of

text: Copenhagen

text: Denmark

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: terminus

text: of

text: four

text: railways

text: lines

text: Græsted is one of the main towns of the Gribskov municipality in the Danish Region Hovedstaden. The town is in northern Sjælland, just south of Gilleleje, and has a population of 3,573 (1 January 2015). The whole of Græsted Parish had 4769 inhabitants (2004).

text: Græsted

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: towns

text: of

text: the

text: Gribskov

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: Danish

text: Region

text: Hovedstaden

text: The

text: town

text: is

text: in

text: northern

text: Sjælland

text: just

text: south

text: of

text: Gilleleje

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: January

text: The

text: whole

text: of

text: Græsted

text: Parish

text: had

text: inhabitants

text: Gribskov Kommune is a municipality (Danish, "kommune") in Region Hovedstaden ("Capital Region"). The municipality covers an area of 278 km², and has a total population of 40,850 (1 April 2014).

text: Gribskov

text: Kommune

text: is

text: municipality

text: Danish

text: kommune

text: in

text: Region

text: Hovedstaden

text: Capital

text: Region

text: The

text: municipality

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: April

text: An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. The word "archipelago" is derived from the Greek "-  arkhi-" ("chief") and "  pélagos" ("sea") through the Italian "arcipelago". In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Archipelago (from medieval Greek "*" and Latin "archipelagus") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands). It is now used to refer to any island group or, sometimes, to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.

text: An

text: archipelago

text: sometimes

text: called

text: an

text: island

text: group

text: or

text: island

text: chain

text: is

text: chain

text: cluster

text: or

text: collection

text: of

text: islands

text: The

text: word

text: archipelago

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: arkhi-

text: chief

text: and

text: pélagos

text: sea

text: through

text: the

text: Italian

text: arcipelago

text: In

text: Italian

text: possibly

text: following

text: tradition

text: of

text: antiquity

text: the

text: Archipelago

text: from

text: medieval

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: archipelagus

text: was

text: the

text: proper

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: and

text: later

text: usage

text: shifted

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Islands

text: since

text: the

text: sea

text: is

text: remarkable

text: for

text: its

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: island

text: group

text: or

text: sometimes

text: to

text: sea

text: containing

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: scattered

text: islands

annotations: likely multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity esrum abbey

answer: gribskov municipality

text: gribskov municipality

text: gribskov municipality


text: Eight Crazy Nights is a 2002 American adult animated musical Christmas black comedy drama film directed by Seth Kearsley and produced , co-written by and starring Adam Sandler , in his first voice - acting role . Unlike most mainstream holiday films , it centers on Jewish characters during the Hanukkah season , as opposed to religious or secular celebration of Christmas . Despite being animated in the style of television Christmas specials , the film is adult oriented , featuring significant scatological humor , and focusing on such topics as alcoholism , bereavement , and depression . This is Happy Madison Productions ' first animated film . The film 's title is taken from a line in Sandler 's series of songs called The Chanukah Song that compares the gift - giving traditions of Christmas and Chanukah : `` Instead of one day of presents , we get eight crazy nights ! '' . Additionally , a new version of The Chanukah Song was played over the film 's closing credits .

text: Eight

text: Crazy

text: Nights

text: is

text: American

text: adult

text: animated

text: musical

text: Christmas

text: black

text: comedy

text: drama

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Seth

text: Kearsley

text: and

text: produced

text: co

text: written

text: by

text: and

text: starring

text: Adam

text: Sandler

text: in

text: his

text: first

text: voice

text: acting

text: role

text: Unlike

text: most

text: mainstream

text: holiday

text: films

text: it

text: centers

text: on

text: Jewish

text: characters

text: during

text: the

text: Hanukkah

text: season

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: religious

text: or

text: secular

text: celebration

text: of

text: Christmas

text: Despite

text: being

text: animated

text: in

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: television

text: Christmas

text: specials

text: the

text: film

text: is

text: adult

text: oriented

text: featuring

text: significant

text: scatological

text: humor

text: and

text: focusing

text: on

text: such

text: topics

text: as

text: alcoholism

text: bereavement

text: and

text: depression

text: This

text: is

text: Happy

text: Madison

text: Productions

text: first

text: animated

text: film

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: title

text: is

text: taken

text: from

text: line

text: in

text: Sandler

text: 's

text: series

text: of

text: songs

text: called

text: The

text: Chanukah

text: Song

text: that

text: compares

text: the

text: gift

text: giving

text: traditions

text: of

text: Christmas

text: and

text: Chanukah

text: Instead

text: of

text: one

text: day

text: of

text: presents

text: we

text: get

text: eight

text: crazy

text: nights

text: Additionally

text: new

text: version

text: of

text: The

text: Chanukah

text: Song

text: was

text: played

text: over

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: closing

text: credits

text:
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Not all tumors are cancerous; benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.
Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% is due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity and drinking alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants. In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human papillomavirus (HPV). These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell. Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops. Approximately 510% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.
Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, vaccination against certain infectious diseases, not eating too much processed and red meat, and avoiding too much sunlight exposure. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial. Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Pain and symptom management are an important part of care. Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease. The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. In children under 15 at diagnosis the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the United States the average five-year survival rate is 66%.
In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally (not including skin cancer other than melanoma). It caused about 8.2 million deaths or 14.6% of human deaths. The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer. In females, the most common types are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer. If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40% of cases. In children, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often. In 2012, about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer. The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world. The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of 2010.
Definitions.
Cancers are a large family of diseases that involve abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. They form a subset of neoplasms. A neoplasm or tumor is a group of cells that have undergone unregulated growth and will often form a mass or lump, but may be distributed diffusely.

text: Cancer

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: diseases

text: involving

text: abnormal

text: cell

text: growth

text: with

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: invade

text: or

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: Not

text: all

text: tumors

text: are

text: cancerous

text: benign

text: tumors

text: do

text: not

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: Possible

text: signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: include

text: lump

text: abnormal

text: bleeding

text: prolonged

text: cough

text: unexplained

text: weight

text: loss

text: and

text: change

text: in

text: bowel

text: movements

text: While

text: these

text: symptoms

text: may

text: indicate

text: cancer

text: they

text: may

text: have

text: other

text: causes

text: Over

text: types

text: of

text: cancers

text: affect

text: humans

text: Tobacco

text: use

text: is

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: cancer

text: deaths

text: Another

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: obesity

text: poor

text: diet

text: lack

text: of

text: physical

text: activity

text: and

text: drinking

text: alcohol

text: Other

text: factors

text: include

text: certain

text: infections

text: exposure

text: to

text: ionizing

text: radiation

text: and

text: environmental

text: pollutants

text: In

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: nearly

text: of

text: cancers

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: infections

text: such

text: as

text: hepatitis

text: hepatitis

text: and

text: human

text: papillomavirus

text: HPV

text: These

text: factors

text: act

text: at

text: least

text: partly

text: by

text: changing

text: the

text: genes

text: of

text: cell

text: Typically

text: many

text: genetic

text: changes

text: are

text: required

text: before

text: cancer

text: develops

text: Approximately

text: of

text: cancers

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: inherited

text: genetic

text: defects

text: from

text: person

text: 's

text: parents

text: Cancer

text: can

text: be

text: detected

text: by

text: certain

text: signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: or

text: screening

text: tests

text: It

text: is

text: then

text: typically

text: further

text: investigated

text: by

text: medical

text: imaging

text: and

text: confirmed

text: by

text: biopsy

text: Many

text: cancers

text: can

text: be

text: prevented

text: by

text: not

text: smoking

text: maintaining

text: healthy

text: weight

text: not

text: drinking

text: too

text: much

text: alcohol

text: eating

text: plenty

text: of

text: vegetables

text: fruits

text: and

text: whole

text: grains

text: vaccination

text: against

text: certain

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: not

text: eating

text: too

text: much

text: processed

text: and

text: red

text: meat

text: and

text: avoiding

text: too

text: much

text: sunlight

text: exposure

text: Early

text: detection

text: through

text: screening

text: is

text: useful

text: for

text: cervical

text: and

text: colorectal

text: cancer

text: The

text: benefits

text: of

text: screening

text: in

text: breast

text: cancer

text: are

text: controversial

text: Cancer

text: is

text: often

text: treated

text: with

text: some

text: combination

text: of

text: radiation

text: therapy

text: surgery

text: chemotherapy

text: and

text: targeted

text: therapy

text: Pain

text: and

text: symptom

text: management

text: are

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: care

text: Palliative

text: care

text: is

text: particularly

text: important

text: in

text: people

text: with

text: advanced

text: disease

text: The

text: chance

text: of

text: survival

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: cancer

text: and

text: extent

text: of

text: disease

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: treatment

text: In

text: children

text: under

text: at

text: diagnosis

text: the

text: five

text: year

text: survival

text: rate

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: is

text: on

text: average

text: For

text: cancer

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: average

text: five

text: year

text: survival

text: rate

text: is

text: In

text: about

text: million

text: new

text: cases

text: of

text: cancer

text: occurred

text: globally

text: not

text: including

text: skin

text: cancer

text: other

text: than

text: melanoma

text: It

text: caused

text: about

text: million

text: deaths

text: or

text: of

text: human

text: deaths

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: types

text: of

text: cancer

text: in

text: males

text: are

text: lung

text: cancer

text: prostate

text: cancer

text: colorectal

text: cancer

text: and

text: stomach

text: cancer

text: In

text: females

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: types

text: are

text: breast

text: cancer

text: colorectal

text: cancer

text: lung

text: cancer

text: and

text: cervical

text: cancer

text: If

text: skin

text: cancer

text: other

text: than

text: melanoma

text: were

text: included

text: in

text: total

text: new

text: cancers

text: each

text: year

text: it

text: would

text: account

text: for

text: around

text: of

text: cases

text: In

text: children

text: acute

text: lymphoblastic

text: leukaemia

text: and

text: brain

text: tumors

text: are

text: most

text: common

text: except

text: in

text: Africa

text: where

text: non

text: Hodgkin

text: lymphoma

text: occurs

text: more

text: often

text: In

text: about

text: children

text: under

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: were

text: diagnosed

text: with

text: cancer

text: The

text: risk

text: of

text: cancer

text: increases

text: significantly

text: with

text: age

text: and

text: many

text: cancers

text: occur

text: more

text: commonly

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: Rates

text: are

text: increasing

text: as

text: more

text: people

text: live

text: to

text: an

text: old

text: age

text: and

text: as

text: lifestyle

text: changes

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: The

text: financial

text: costs

text: of

text: cancer

text: were

text: estimated

text: at

text: trillion

text: US

text: dollars

text: per

text: year

text: as

text: of

text: Definitions

text: Cancers

text: are

text: large

text: family

text: of

text: diseases

text: that

text: involve

text: abnormal

text: cell

text: growth

text: with

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: invade

text: or

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: They

text: form

text: subset

text: of

text: neoplasms

text: neoplasm

text: or

text: tumor

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: cells

text: that

text: have

text: undergone

text: unregulated

text: growth

text: and

text: will

text: often

text: form

text: mass

text: or

text: lump

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: distributed

text: diffusely

text:
Red is the color at the longer-wavelengths end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange, at the opposite end from violet. Red color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 620740 nanometers.
Light with a longer wavelength than red but shorter than terahertz radiation and microwave is called infrared.

text: Red

text: is

text: the

text: color

text: at

text: the

text: longer

text: wavelengths

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: spectrum

text: of

text: visible

text: light

text: next

text: to

text: orange

text: at

text: the

text: opposite

text: end

text: from

text: violet

text: Red

text: color

text: has

text: predominant

text: light

text: wavelength

text: of

text: roughly

text: nanometers

text: Light

text: with

text: longer

text: wavelength

text: than

text: red

text: but

text: shorter

text: than

text: terahertz

text: radiation

text: and

text: microwave

text: is

text: called

text: infrared

text: Christmas or Christmas Day (meaning "Christ's Mass") is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ, observed most commonly on December 25 as a religious and cultural celebration among billions of people around the world. A feast central to the Christian liturgical year, it is prepared for by the season of Advent or the Nativity Fast and initiates the season of Christmastide, which historically in the West lasts twelve days and culminates on Twelfth Night; in some traditions, Christmastide includes an Octave. The traditional Christmas narrative, the Nativity of Jesus, delineated in the New Testament says that Jesus was born in Bethlehem, in accordance with messianic prophecies; when Joseph and Mary arrived in the city, the inn had no room and so they were offered a stable where the Christ Child was soon born, with angels proclaiming this news to shepherds who then disseminated the message furthermore. Christmas Day is a public holiday in many of the world's nations, is celebrated religiously by the vast majority of Christians, as well as culturally by a number of non-Christian people, and is an integral part of the holiday season, while some Christian groups reject the celebration. In several countries, celebrating Christmas Eve on December 24 has the main focus rather than December 25, with gift-giving and sharing a traditional meal with the family.

text: Christmas

text: or

text: Christmas

text: Day

text: meaning

text: Christ

text: 's

text: Mass

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: festival

text: commemorating

text: the

text: birth

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: observed

text: most

text: commonly

text: on

text: December

text: as

text: religious

text: and

text: cultural

text: celebration

text: among

text: billions

text: of

text: people

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: feast

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: Christian

text: liturgical

text: year

text: it

text: is

text: prepared

text: for

text: by

text: the

text: season

text: of

text: Advent

text: or

text: the

text: Nativity

text: Fast

text: and

text: initiates

text: the

text: season

text: of

text: Christmastide

text: which

text: historically

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: lasts

text: twelve

text: days

text: and

text: culminates

text: on

text: Twelfth

text: Night

text: in

text: some

text: traditions

text: Christmastide

text: includes

text: an

text: Octave

text: The

text: traditional

text: Christmas

text: narrative

text: the

text: Nativity

text: of

text: Jesus

text: delineated

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: says

text: that

text: Jesus

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Bethlehem

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: messianic

text: prophecies

text: when

text: Joseph

text: and

text: Mary

text: arrived

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: the

text: inn

text: had

text: no

text: room

text: and

text: so

text: they

text: were

text: offered

text: stable

text: where

text: the

text: Christ

text: Child

text: was

text: soon

text: born

text: with

text: angels

text: proclaiming

text: this

text: news

text: to

text: shepherds

text: who

text: then

text: disseminated

text: the

text: message

text: furthermore

text: Christmas

text: Day

text: is

text: public

text: holiday

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nations

text: is

text: celebrated

text: religiously

text: by

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: Christians

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: culturally

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: non

text: Christian

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: holiday

text: season

text: while

text: some

text: Christian

text: groups

text: reject

text: the

text: celebration

text: In

text: several

text: countries

text: celebrating

text: Christmas

text: Eve

text: on

text: December

text: has

text: the

text: main

text: focus

text: rather

text: than

text: December

text: with

text: gift

text: giving

text: and

text: sharing

text: traditional

text: meal

text: with

text: the

text: family

text:
Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in problems. It was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use. Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex among others. Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body but particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system. This can result in mental illness, WernickeKorsakoff syndrome, an irregular heart beat, liver failure, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases. Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Generally women are more sensitive to alcohol's harmful physical and mental effects than men.
Both environmental factors and genetics are associated with alcoholism with about half the risk attributed to each. A person with a parent or sibling with alcoholism is three to four times more likely to be alcoholic themselves. Environmental factors include social, cultural, and behavioral influences. High stress levels, anxiety, as well as inexpensive easily accessible alcohol increases risk. People may continue to drink partly to prevent or improve symptoms of withdrawal. A low level of withdrawal may last for months following stopping. Medically, alcoholism is considered both a physical and mental illness. Both questionnaires and certain blood tests may detect people with possible alcoholism. Further information is then collected to confirm the diagnosis.
Prevention of alcoholism may be attempted by regulating and limiting the sale of alcohol, taxing alcohol to increase its cost, and providing inexpensive treatment. Treatment may take several steps. Because of the medical problems that can occur during withdrawal, alcohol detoxification should be carefully controlled. One common method involves the use of benzodiazepine medications, such as diazepam. This can be either given while admitted to a health care institution or occasionally while a person remains in the community with close supervision. Other addictions or mental illness may complicate treatment. After detoxification support such as group therapy or support groups are used to help keep a person from returning to drinking. One commonly used form of support is the group Alcoholics Anonymous. The medications acamprosate, disulfiram, or naltrexone may also be used to help prevent further drinking.
The World Health Organization estimates that as of 2010 there were 208 million people with alcoholism worldwide (4.1% of the population over 15 years of age). In the United States about 17 million (7%) of adults and 0.7 million (2.8%) of those age 12 to 17 years of age are affected. It is more common among males and young adults, becoming less common in middle and old age. It is the least common in Africa at 1.1% and has the highest rates in Eastern Europe at 11%. Alcoholism directly resulted in 139,000 deaths in 2013 up from 112,000 deaths in 1990. A total of 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all deaths) are believed to be due to alcohol. It often reduces a person's life expectancy by around ten years. In the United States it resulted in economic costs of $224 billion USD in 2006. Many terms, some insulting and others informal, have been used to refer to people affected by alcoholism including: tippler, drunkard, dipsomaniac, and souse. In 1979, the World Health Organization discouraged the use of "alcoholism" due to its inexact meaning, preferring "alcohol dependence syndrome".
Signs and symptoms.
Early signs.
The risk of alcohol dependence begins at low levels of drinking and increases directly with both the volume of alcohol consumed and a pattern of drinking larger amounts on an occasion, to the point of intoxication, which is sometimes called "binge drinking". Young adults are particularly at risk of engaging in binge drinking.

text: Alcoholism

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: alcohol

text: use

text: disorder

text: AUD

text: is

text: broad

text: term

text: for

text: any

text: drinking

text: of

text: alcohol

text: that

text: results

text: in

text: problems

text: It

text: was

text: previously

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: types

text: alcohol

text: abuse

text: and

text: alcohol

text: dependence

text: In

text: medical

text: context

text: alcoholism

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: exist

text: when

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: the

text: following

text: conditions

text: is

text: present

text: person

text: drinks

text: large

text: amounts

text: over

text: long

text: time

text: period

text: has

text: difficulty

text: cutting

text: down

text: acquiring

text: and

text: drinking

text: alcohol

text: takes

text: up

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: time

text: alcohol

text: is

text: strongly

text: desired

text: usage

text: results

text: in

text: not

text: fulfilling

text: responsibilities

text: usage

text: results

text: in

text: social

text: problems

text: usage

text: results

text: in

text: health

text: problems

text: usage

text: results

text: in

text: risky

text: situations

text: withdrawal

text: occurs

text: when

text: stopping

text: and

text: alcohol

text: tolerance

text: has

text: occurred

text: with

text: use

text: Risky

text: situations

text: include

text: drinking

text: and

text: driving

text: or

text: having

text: unsafe

text: sex

text: among

text: others

text: Alcohol

text: use

text: can

text: affect

text: all

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: but

text: particularly

text: affects

text: the

text: brain

text: heart

text: liver

text: pancreas

text: and

text: immune

text: system

text: This

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: mental

text: illness

text: WernickeKorsakoff

text: syndrome

text: an

text: irregular

text: heart

text: beat

text: liver

text: failure

text: and

text: an

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: cancer

text: among

text: other

text: diseases

text: Drinking

text: during

text: pregnancy

text: can

text: cause

text: damage

text: to

text: the

text: baby

text: resulting

text: in

text: fetal

text: alcohol

text: spectrum

text: disorders

text: Generally

text: women

text: are

text: more

text: sensitive

text: to

text: alcohol

text: 's

text: harmful

text: physical

text: and

text: mental

text: effects

text: than

text: men

text: Both

text: environmental

text: factors

text: and

text: genetics

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: alcoholism

text: with

text: about

text: half

text: the

text: risk

text: attributed

text: to

text: each

text: person

text: with

text: parent

text: or

text: sibling

text: with

text: alcoholism

text: is

text: three

text: to

text: four

text: times

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: alcoholic

text: themselves

text: Environmental

text: factors

text: include

text: social

text: cultural

text: and

text: behavioral

text: influences

text: High

text: stress

text: levels

text: anxiety

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: inexpensive

text: easily

text: accessible

text: alcohol

text: increases

text: risk

text: People

text: may

text: continue

text: to

text: drink

text: partly

text: to

text: prevent

text: or

text: improve

text: symptoms

text: of

text: withdrawal

text: low

text: level

text: of

text: withdrawal

text: may

text: last

text: for

text: months

text: following

text: stopping

text: Medically

text: alcoholism

text: is

text: considered

text: both

text: physical

text: and

text: mental

text: illness

text: Both

text: questionnaires

text: and

text: certain

text: blood

text: tests

text: may

text: detect

text: people

text: with

text: possible

text: alcoholism

text: Further

text: information

text: is

text: then

text: collected

text: to

text: confirm

text: the

text: diagnosis

text: Prevention

text: of

text: alcoholism

text: may

text: be

text: attempted

text: by

text: regulating

text: and

text: limiting

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: alcohol

text: taxing

text: alcohol

text: to

text: increase

text: its

text: cost

text: and

text: providing

text: inexpensive

text: treatment

text: Treatment

text: may

text: take

text: several

text: steps

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: medical

text: problems

text: that

text: can

text: occur

text: during

text: withdrawal

text: alcohol

text: detoxification

text: should

text: be

text: carefully

text: controlled

text: One

text: common

text: method

text: involves

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: benzodiazepine

text: medications

text: such

text: as

text: diazepam

text: This

text: can

text: be

text: either

text: given

text: while

text: admitted

text: to

text: health

text: care

text: institution

text: or

text: occasionally

text: while

text: person

text: remains

text: in

text: the

text: community

text: with

text: close

text: supervision

text: Other

text: addictions

text: or

text: mental

text: illness

text: may

text: complicate

text: treatment

text: After

text: detoxification

text: support

text: such

text: as

text: group

text: therapy

text: or

text: support

text: groups

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: help

text: keep

text: person

text: from

text: returning

text: to

text: drinking

text: One

text: commonly

text: used

text: form

text: of

text: support

text: is

text: the

text: group

text: Alcoholics

text: Anonymous

text: The

text: medications

text: acamprosate

text: disulfiram

text: or

text: naltrexone

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: help

text: prevent

text: further

text: drinking

text: The

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: estimates

text: that

text: as

text: of

text: there

text: were

text: million

text: people

text: with

text: alcoholism

text: worldwide

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: over

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: about

text: million

text: of

text: adults

text: and

text: million

text: of

text: those

text: age

text: to

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: are

text: affected

text: It

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: among

text: males

text: and

text: young

text: adults

text: becoming

text: less

text: common

text: in

text: middle

text: and

text: old

text: age

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: least

text: common

text: in

text: Africa

text: at

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: rates

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: at

text: Alcoholism

text: directly

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: in

text: up

text: from

text: deaths

text: in

text: total

text: of

text: million

text: deaths

text: of

text: all

text: deaths

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: alcohol

text: It

text: often

text: reduces

text: person

text: 's

text: life

text: expectancy

text: by

text: around

text: ten

text: years

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: economic

text: costs

text: of

text: billion

text: USD

text: in

text: Many

text: terms

text: some

text: insulting

text: and

text: others

text: informal

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: people

text: affected

text: by

text: alcoholism

text: including

text: tippler

text: drunkard

text: dipsomaniac

text: and

text: souse

text: In

text: the

text: World

text: Health

text: Organization

text: discouraged

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: alcoholism

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: inexact

text: meaning

text: preferring

text: alcohol

text: dependence

text: syndrome

text: Signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: Early

text: signs

text: The

text: risk

text: of

text: alcohol

text: dependence

text: begins

text: at

text: low

text: levels

text: of

text: drinking

text: and

text: increases

text: directly

text: with

text: both

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: alcohol

text: consumed

text: and

text: pattern

text: of

text: drinking

text: larger

text: amounts

text: on

text: an

text: occasion

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: intoxication

text: which

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: binge

text: drinking

text: Young

text: adults

text: are

text: particularly

text: at

text: risk

text: of

text: engaging

text: in

text: binge

text: drinking

annotations: likely single

question: color eight crazy nights

answer: color

text: color

text: color