text: The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force") was the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1946. It consisted of the "Heer" (army), the "Kriegsmarine" (navy) and the "Luftwaffe" (air force). The designation "Wehrmacht" for Nazi Germany's military replaced the previously used term, "Reichswehr" (191935), and was the manifestation of Nazi Germany's efforts to rearm the nation to a greater extent than the Treaty of Versailles permitted.

text: The

text: Wehrmacht

text: lit

text: defence

text: force

text: was

text: the

text: unified

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: Heer

text: army

text: the

text: Kriegsmarine

text: navy

text: and

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: air

text: force

text: The

text: designation

text: Wehrmacht

text: for

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: 's

text: military

text: replaced

text: the

text: previously

text: used

text: term

text: Reichswehr

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: manifestation

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: 's

text: efforts

text: to

text: rearm

text: the

text: nation

text: to

text: greater

text: extent

text: than

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: permitted

text: Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations, or both. It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or nuclear-armed fighter-bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy's war-making capability.

text: Strategic

text: bombing

text: is

text: military

text: strategy

text: used

text: in

text: total

text: war

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: defeating

text: the

text: enemy

text: by

text: destroying

text: its

text: morale

text: or

text: its

text: economic

text: ability

text: to

text: produce

text: and

text: transport

text: materiel

text: to

text: the

text: theatres

text: of

text: military

text: operations

text: or

text: both

text: It

text: is

text: systematically

text: organized

text: and

text: executed

text: attack

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: which

text: can

text: utilize

text: strategic

text: bombers

text: long-

text: or

text: medium

text: range

text: missiles

text: or

text: nuclear

text: armed

text: fighter

text: bomber

text: aircraft

text: to

text: attack

text: targets

text: deemed

text: vital

text: to

text: the

text: enemy

text: 's

text: war

text: making

text: capability

text: The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (: RKKA, frequently shortened in Russian to ; KA, in English: Red Army also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch - Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and after 1922 the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution (Red October or Bolshevik Revolution). The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. Beginning in February 1946, the Red Army, along with the Soviet Navy, embodied the main component of the Soviet Armed Forces; taking the official name of "Soviet Army", until its dissolution in December 1991.

text: The

text: Workers

text: and

text: Peasants

text: Red

text: Army

text: RKKA

text: frequently

text: shortened

text: in

text: Russian

text: to

text: KA

text: in

text: English

text: Red

text: Army

text: also

text: in

text: critical

text: literature

text: and

text: folklore

text: of

text: that

text: epoch

text: Red

text: Horde

text: Army

text: of

text: Work

text: was

text: the

text: army

text: and

text: the

text: air

text: force

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Soviet

text: Federative

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: and

text: after

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republics

text: The

text: army

text: was

text: established

text: immediately

text: after

text: the

text: October

text: Revolution

text: Red

text: October

text: or

text: Bolshevik

text: Revolution

text: The

text: Bolsheviks

text: raised

text: an

text: army

text: to

text: oppose

text: the

text: military

text: confederations

text: especially

text: the

text: various

text: groups

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: White

text: Army

text: of

text: their

text: adversaries

text: during

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: Beginning

text: in

text: February

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Navy

text: embodied

text: the

text: main

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: taking

text: the

text: official

text: name

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Army

text: until

text: its

text: dissolution

text: in

text: December

text: The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Northern, Southern and Central and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945. It has been known as the Great Patriotic War ("Velikaya Otechestvennaya Voyna") in the former Soviet Union and in modern Russia, while in Germany it was called the Eastern Front, the Eastern Campaign ("der Ostfeldzug") the Russian Campaign ("der Rußlandfeldzug"), or the German-Soviet War by outside parties.

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Front

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: was

text: theatre

text: of

text: conflict

text: between

text: the

text: European

text: Axis

text: powers

text: and

text: co

text: belligerent

text: Finland

text: against

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Poland

text: and

text: other

text: Allies

text: which

text: encompassed

text: Northern

text: Southern

text: and

text: Central

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: from

text: June

text: to

text: May

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: Patriotic

text: War

text: Velikaya

text: Otechestvennaya

text: Voyna

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: in

text: modern

text: Russia

text: while

text: in

text: Germany

text: it

text: was

text: called

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Front

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Campaign

text: der

text: Ostfeldzug

text: the

text: Russian

text: Campaign

text: der

text: Rußlandfeldzug

text: or

text: the

text: German

text: Soviet

text: War

text: by

text: outside

text: parties

text: The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire immediately after the Russian Revolutions of 1917, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future. The two largest combatant groups were the Red Army, fighting for the Bolshevik form of socialism, and the loosely allied forces known as the White Army, which included diverse interests favoring monarchism, capitalism and alternative forms of socialism, each with democratic and antidemocratic variants. In addition, rival militant socialists and nonideological Green armies fought against both the Bolsheviks and the Whites. Eight foreign nations intervened against the Red Army, notably the Allied Forces and the pro-German armies. The Red Army defeated the White Armed Forces of South Russia in Ukraine and the army led by Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak in Siberia in 1919. The remains of the White forces commanded by Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel were beaten in Crimea and evacuated in late 1920. Lesser battles of the war continued on the periphery for two more years, and minor skirmishes with the remnants of the White forces in the Far East continued well into 1923. Armed national resistance in Central Asia was not completely crushed until 1934. There were an estimated 7,000,000-12,000,000 casualties during the war, mostly civilians. The Russian Civil War has been described by some as the greatest national catastrophe that Europe had yet seen.

text: The

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: was

text: multi

text: party

text: war

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: immediately

text: after

text: the

text: Russian

text: Revolutions

text: of

text: as

text: many

text: factions

text: vied

text: to

text: determine

text: Russia

text: 's

text: political

text: future

text: The

text: two

text: largest

text: combatant

text: groups

text: were

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: fighting

text: for

text: the

text: Bolshevik

text: form

text: of

text: socialism

text: and

text: the

text: loosely

text: allied

text: forces

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: White

text: Army

text: which

text: included

text: diverse

text: interests

text: favoring

text: monarchism

text: capitalism

text: and

text: alternative

text: forms

text: of

text: socialism

text: each

text: with

text: democratic

text: and

text: antidemocratic

text: variants

text: In

text: addition

text: rival

text: militant

text: socialists

text: and

text: nonideological

text: Green

text: armies

text: fought

text: against

text: both

text: the

text: Bolsheviks

text: and

text: the

text: Whites

text: Eight

text: foreign

text: nations

text: intervened

text: against

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: notably

text: the

text: Allied

text: Forces

text: and

text: the

text: pro

text: German

text: armies

text: The

text: Red

text: Army

text: defeated

text: the

text: White

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: South

text: Russia

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: the

text: army

text: led

text: by

text: Admiral

text: Aleksandr

text: Kolchak

text: in

text: Siberia

text: in

text: The

text: remains

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: forces

text: commanded

text: by

text: Pyotr

text: Nikolayevich

text: Wrangel

text: were

text: beaten

text: in

text: Crimea

text: and

text: evacuated

text: in

text: late

text: Lesser

text: battles

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: continued

text: on

text: the

text: periphery

text: for

text: two

text: more

text: years

text: and

text: minor

text: skirmishes

text: with

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: Far

text: East

text: continued

text: well

text: into

text: Armed

text: national

text: resistance

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: was

text: not

text: completely

text: crushed

text: until

text: There

text: were

text: an

text: estimated

text: casualties

text: during

text: the

text: war

text: mostly

text: civilians

text: The

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: by

text: some

text: as

text: the

text: greatest

text: national

text: catastrophe

text: that

text: Europe

text: had

text: yet

text: seen

text: A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions.

text: great

text: power

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: having

text: the

text: ability

text: and

text: expertise

text: to

text: exert

text: its

text: influence

text: on

text: global

text: scale

text: Great

text: powers

text: characteristically

text: possess

text: military

text: and

text: economic

text: strength

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: diplomatic

text: and

text: soft

text: power

text: influence

text: which

text: may

text: cause

text: middle

text: or

text: small

text: powers

text: to

text: consider

text: the

text: great

text: powers

text: opinions

text: before

text: taking

text: actions

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: International

text: relations

text: theorists

text: have

text: posited

text: that

text: great

text: power

text: status

text: can

text: be

text: characterized

text: into

text: power

text: capabilities

text: spatial

text: aspects

text: and

text: status

text: dimensions

text: The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists or Bolsheviki (derived from  "bol'shinstvo", "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The RSDLP was a revolutionary socialist political party formed in 1898 in Minsk(Belarus) to unite the various revolutionary organisations of the Russian Empire into one party.

text: The

text: Bolsheviks

text: originally

text: also

text: Bolshevists

text: or

text: Bolsheviki

text: derived

text: from

text: bol'shinstvo

text: majority

text: literally

text: meaning

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: were

text: faction

text: of

text: the

text: Marxist

text: Russian

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Labour

text: Party

text: RSDLP

text: which

text: split

text: apart

text: from

text: the

text: Menshevik

text: faction

text: at

text: the

text: Second

text: Party

text: Congress

text: in

text: The

text: RSDLP

text: was

text: revolutionary

text: socialist

text: political

text: party

text: formed

text: in

text: in

text: Minsk(Belarus

text: to

text: unite

text: the

text: various

text: revolutionary

text: organisations

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: into

text: one

text: party

text: The Holocaust (from the Greek ': "hólos", "whole" and "kaustós", "burnt"), also referred to as the Shoah"' (Hebrew: , "HaShoah", "the catastrophe"), was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews. The victims included 1.5 million children and represented about two-thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe. Some definitions of the Holocaust include the additional five million non-Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders, bringing the total to about 11 million. Killings took place throughout Nazi Germany, German-occupied territories, and territories held by allies of Nazi Germany.

text: The

text: Holocaust

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: hólos

text: whole

text: and

text: kaustós

text: burnt

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Shoah

text: Hebrew

text: HaShoah

text: the

text: catastrophe

text: was

text: genocide

text: in

text: which

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: and

text: its

text: collaborators

text: killed

text: about

text: six

text: million

text: Jews

text: The

text: victims

text: included

text: million

text: children

text: and

text: represented

text: about

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: million

text: Jews

text: who

text: had

text: resided

text: in

text: Europe

text: Some

text: definitions

text: of

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: include

text: the

text: additional

text: five

text: million

text: non

text: Jewish

text: victims

text: of

text: Nazi

text: mass

text: murders

text: bringing

text: the

text: total

text: to

text: about

text: million

text: Killings

text: took

text: place

text: throughout

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: German

text: occupied

text: territories

text: and

text: territories

text: held

text: by

text: allies

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: The October Revolution, officially known in the Soviet literature as the Great October Socialist Revolution , and commonly referred to as Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger Russian Revolution of 1917. It took place with an armed insurrection in Petrograd on 25 October (7 November, New Style) 1917.

text: The

text: October

text: Revolution

text: officially

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: literature

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: October

text: Socialist

text: Revolution

text: and

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Red

text: October

text: the

text: October

text: Uprising

text: or

text: the

text: Bolshevik

text: Revolution

text: was

text: seizure

text: of

text: state

text: power

text: instrumental

text: in

text: the

text: larger

text: Russian

text: Revolution

text: of

text: It

text: took

text: place

text: with

text: an

text: armed

text: insurrection

text: in

text: Petrograd

text: on

text: October

text: November

text: New

text: Style

text: Moscow (or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 12.2 million residents within the city limits and 16.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city.

text: Moscow

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Russia

text: with

text: million

text: residents

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: and

text: million

text: within

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: Moscow

text: has

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: Russian

text: federal

text: city

text: The East Prussian Offensive was a strategic offensive by the Red Army against the German "Wehrmacht" on the Eastern Front (World War II). It lasted from 13 January to 25 April 1945, though some German units did not surrender until 9 May. The Battle of Königsberg was a major part of the offensive, which ended in victory for the Red Army.

text: The

text: East

text: Prussian

text: Offensive

text: was

text: strategic

text: offensive

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: against

text: the

text: German

text: Wehrmacht

text: on

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Front

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: It

text: lasted

text: from

text: January

text: to

text: April

text: though

text: some

text: German

text: units

text: did

text: not

text: surrender

text: until

text: May.

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Königsberg

text: was

text: major

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: offensive

text: which

text: ended

text: in

text: victory

text: for

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR; ), commonly known as , was a sovereign state in 191722 and 1991-93, the largest, most populous, and most economically developed republic of the Soviet Union in 192291 and a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation in 199091. The Republic comprised sixteen autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais, and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. The capital of the Russian SFSR was Moscow and the other major urban centers included Leningrad, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russian

text: Soviet

text: Federative

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: or

text: RSFSR

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: was

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: most

text: economically

text: developed

text: republic

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: in

text: and

text: sovereign

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: legislation

text: in

text: The

text: Republic

text: comprised

text: sixteen

text: autonomous

text: republics

text: five

text: autonomous

text: oblasts

text: ten

text: autonomous

text: okrugs

text: six

text: krais

text: and

text: forty

text: oblasts

text: Russians

text: formed

text: the

text: largest

text: ethnic

text: group

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: was

text: Moscow

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: included

text: Leningrad

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Total war is warfare that includes any and all civilian-associated resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilizes all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs. The American-English Dictionary defines total war as "war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded."

text: Total

text: war

text: is

text: warfare

text: that

text: includes

text: any

text: and

text: all

text: civilian

text: associated

text: resources

text: and

text: infrastructure

text: as

text: legitimate

text: military

text: targets

text: mobilizes

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: resources

text: of

text: society

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: gives

text: priority

text: to

text: warfare

text: over

text: non

text: combatant

text: needs

text: The

text: American

text: English

text: Dictionary

text: defines

text: total

text: war

text: as

text: war

text: that

text: is

text: unrestricted

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: weapons

text: used

text: the

text: territory

text: or

text: combatants

text: involved

text: or

text: the

text: objectives

text: pursued

text: especially

text: one

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: war

text: are

text: disregarded

text: The 102nd Infantry Division was a German formation during World War II. It served on the Eastern Front , fighting in the Rzhev salient and the Battle of Kursk . It met its end during the latter stages of the Soviet Red Army 's East Prussian Offensive in 1945 .

text: The

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: was

text: German

text: formation

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: It

text: served

text: on

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Front

text: fighting

text: in

text: the

text: Rzhev

text: salient

text: and

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Kursk

text: It

text: met

text: its

text: end

text: during

text: the

text: latter

text: stages

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Red

text: Army

text: 's

text: East

text: Prussian

text: Offensive

text: in

text: The Battle of Königsberg, also known as the Königsberg Offensive, was one of the last operations of the East Prussian Offensive during World War II. In four days of violent urban warfare, Soviet forces of the 1st Baltic Front and the 3rd Belorussian Front captured the city of Königsberg  now Kaliningrad, Russia. The siege started in late January 1945 when the Soviets initially surrounded the city. There was heavy fighting for the overland connection between Königsberg and the port of Pillau, but by March 1945 Königsberg was hundreds of kilometres behind the main front line. The battle finished when the German garrison surrendered to the Soviets on 9 April after a three-day assault made their position untenable.

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Königsberg

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Königsberg

text: Offensive

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: operations

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Prussian

text: Offensive

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: In

text: four

text: days

text: of

text: violent

text: urban

text: warfare

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Front

text: and

text: the

text: Belorussian

text: Front

text: captured

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Königsberg

text: now

text: Kaliningrad

text: Russia

text: The

text: siege

text: started

text: in

text: late

text: January

text: when

text: the

text: Soviets

text: initially

text: surrounded

text: the

text: city

text: There

text: was

text: heavy

text: fighting

text: for

text: the

text: overland

text: connection

text: between

text: Königsberg

text: and

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Pillau

text: but

text: by

text: March

text: Königsberg

text: was

text: hundreds

text: of

text: kilometres

text: behind

text: the

text: main

text: front

text: line

text: The

text: battle

text: finished

text: when

text: the

text: German

text: garrison

text: surrendered

text: to

text: the

text: Soviets

text: on

text: April

text: after

text: three

text: day

text: assault

text: made

text: their

text: position

text: untenable

text: The Battle of Prokhorovka was fought on 12 July 1943 near Prokhorovka, southeast of Kursk, in the Soviet Union, during the Second World War. Taking place on the Eastern Front, the fighting was part of the wider Battle of Kursk, and occurred when the 5th Guards Tank Army of the Soviet Red Army attacked the II SS-Panzer Corps of the German Wehrmacht in one of the largest tank battles in military history.

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Prokhorovka

text: was

text: fought

text: on

text: July

text: near

text: Prokhorovka

text: southeast

text: of

text: Kursk

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: Taking

text: place

text: on

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Front

text: the

text: fighting

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Battle

text: of

text: Kursk

text: and

text: occurred

text: when

text: the

text: Guards

text: Tank

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Red

text: Army

text: attacked

text: the

text: II

text: SS

text: Panzer

text: Corps

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Wehrmacht

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: tank

text: battles

text: in

text: military

text: history

text: A military alliance is an international agreement concerning national security, when the contracting parties promise to support each other in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, as coalitions are formed for a crisis that are already known.

text: military

text: alliance

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: agreement

text: concerning

text: national

text: security

text: when

text: the

text: contracting

text: parties

text: promise

text: to

text: support

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: case

text: of

text: crisis

text: that

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: identified

text: in

text: advance

text: Military

text: alliances

text: differ

text: from

text: coalitions

text: as

text: coalitions

text: are

text: formed

text: for

text: crisis

text: that

text: are

text: already

text: known

text: In politics and military planning, a war effort refers to a coordinated mobilization of society's resourcesboth industrial and humantowards the support of a military force. Depending on the militarization of the culture, the relative size of the armed forces and the society supporting them, the style of government, and the popular support for the military objectives, such war effort can range from a small industry to complete command of society.

text: In

text: politics

text: and

text: military

text: planning

text: war

text: effort

text: refers

text: to

text: coordinated

text: mobilization

text: of

text: society

text: 's

text: resourcesboth

text: industrial

text: and

text: humantowards

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: military

text: force

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: militarization

text: of

text: the

text: culture

text: the

text: relative

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: and

text: the

text: society

text: supporting

text: them

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: popular

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: military

text: objectives

text: such

text: war

text: effort

text: can

text: range

text: from

text: small

text: industry

text: to

text: complete

text: command

text: of

text: society

text: The Soviet Army is the name given to the main land-based branch of the Soviet Armed Forces between February 1946 and December 1991, when it was replaced with the Russian Ground Forces, although it was not taken fully out of service until 25 December 1993. Until 25 February 1946, it was known as the Red Army, established by decree on 15 (28) January 1918 "to protect the population, territorial integrity and civil liberties in the territory of the Soviet state." It had 2.4 million men under its service during the Cold War.

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Army

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: main

text: land

text: based

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: between

text: February

text: and

text: December

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: replaced

text: with

text: the

text: Russian

text: Ground

text: Forces

text: although

text: it

text: was

text: not

text: taken

text: fully

text: out

text: of

text: service

text: until

text: December

text: Until

text: February

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: established

text: by

text: decree

text: on

text: January

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: population

text: territorial

text: integrity

text: and

text: civil

text: liberties

text: in

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: state

text: It

text: had

text: million

text: men

text: under

text: its

text: service

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: During World War II, the American atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and, to date, last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack.

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: American

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: made

text: Nagasaki

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: to

text: date

text: last

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: experience

text: nuclear

text: attack

text: The United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, during the final stage of World War II. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: dropped

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: on

text: the

text: Japanese

text: cities

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: respectively

text: during

text: the

text: final

text: stage

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: had

text: dropped

text: the

text: bombs

text: with

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: outlined

text: in

text: the

text: Quebec

text: Agreement

text: The

text: two

text: bombings

text: which

text: killed

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: remain

text: the

text: only

text: use

text: of

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: for

text: warfare

text: in

text: history

text: Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city (and later on Nagasaki) at 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II.

text: Hiroshima

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: city

text: in

text: history

text: to

text: be

text: targeted

text: by

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: when

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Air

text: Forces

text: USAAF

text: dropped

text: an

text: atomic

text: bomb

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: later

text: on

text: Nagasaki

text: at

text: a.m.

text: on

text: August

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The Soviet Navy (literally "Military Maritime Fleet of the USSR") was the naval arm of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet Navy was a large part of the Soviet Union's strategic plan in the event of a conflict with the United States, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), or another conflict related to the Warsaw Pact. The influence of the Soviet Navy played a large role in the Cold War, as the majority of conflicts centered on naval forces.

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Navy

text: literally

text: Military

text: Maritime

text: Fleet

text: of

text: the

text: USSR

text: was

text: the

text: naval

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: Often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Red

text: Fleet

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Navy

text: was

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: 's

text: strategic

text: plan

text: in

text: the

text: event

text: of

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: or

text: another

text: conflict

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Warsaw

text: Pact

text: The

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Navy

text: played

text: large

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: as

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: conflicts

text: centered

text: on

text: naval

text: forces

text: The Battle of Kursk was a Second World War engagement between German and Soviet forces on the Eastern Front near Kursk (south-west of Moscow) in the Soviet Union during July and August 1943. The German offensive was code-named Operation Citadel and led to one of the largest armoured clashes in history, the Battle of Prokhorovka. The German offensive was countered by two Soviet counter-offensives, Operation Polkovodets Rumyantsev and Operation Kutuzov. For the Germans, the battle was the final strategic offensive that they were able to launch on the Eastern Front. Their extensive loss of men and tanks ensured that the victorious Soviet Red Army enjoyed the strategic initiative for the remainder of the war.

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Kursk

text: was

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: engagement

text: between

text: German

text: and

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: on

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Front

text: near

text: Kursk

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Moscow

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: during

text: July

text: and

text: August

text: The

text: German

text: offensive

text: was

text: code

text: named

text: Operation

text: Citadel

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: armoured

text: clashes

text: in

text: history

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Prokhorovka

text: The

text: German

text: offensive

text: was

text: countered

text: by

text: two

text: Soviet

text: counter

text: offensives

text: Operation

text: Polkovodets

text: Rumyantsev

text: and

text: Operation

text: Kutuzov

text: For

text: the

text: Germans

text: the

text: battle

text: was

text: the

text: final

text: strategic

text: offensive

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: launch

text: on

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Front

text: Their

text: extensive

text: loss

text: of

text: men

text: and

text: tanks

text: ensured

text: that

text: the

text: victorious

text: Soviet

text: Red

text: Army

text: enjoyed

text: the

text: strategic

text: initiative

text: for

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: Operation Kutuzov was a major offensive launched by the Red Army on 12 July 1943, in the Central Russian Upland, against Army Group Center of the German "Wehrmacht". The operation was named after General Mikhail Kutuzov, the Russian general credited with saving Russia from Napoleon during the French invasion of Russia in 1812. Operation Kutuzov was one of two large-scale Soviet operations launched as counteroffensives against Operation Citadel. The Operation began on 12 July and ended on 18 August 1943 with the capture of Orel and collapse of the Orel bulge.

text: Operation

text: Kutuzov

text: was

text: major

text: offensive

text: launched

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Army

text: on

text: July

text: in

text: the

text: Central

text: Russian

text: Upland

text: against

text: Army

text: Group

text: Center

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Wehrmacht

text: The

text: operation

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: General

text: Mikhail

text: Kutuzov

text: the

text: Russian

text: general

text: credited

text: with

text: saving

text: Russia

text: from

text: Napoleon

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: invasion

text: of

text: Russia

text: in

text: Operation

text: Kutuzov

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: large

text: scale

text: Soviet

text: operations

text: launched

text: as

text: counteroffensives

text: against

text: Operation

text: Citadel

text: The

text: Operation

text: began

text: on

text: July

text: and

text: ended

text: on

text: August

text: with

text: the

text: capture

text: of

text: Orel

text: and

text: collapse

text: of

text: the

text: Orel

text: bulge

text: The Soviet Armed Forces, also called the Armed Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Armed Forces of the Soviet Union (Russian:       "Vooruzhonnyye Sily Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik",    ) refers to the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (19171922), and Soviet Union (19221991) from their beginnings in the aftermath of the Russian Civil War to its dissolution in December 1991.

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republics

text: and

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Russian

text: Vooruzhonnyye

text: Sily

text: Soyuza

text: Sovetskikh

text: Sotsialisticheskikh

text: Respublik

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: and

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: from

text: their

text: beginnings

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Civil

text: War

text: to

text: its

text: dissolution

text: in

text: December

text: Kursk is a city and the administrative center of Kursk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kur, Tuskar, and Seym Rivers. The area around Kursk was the site of a turning point in the SovietGerman struggle during World War II and the site of the largest tank battle in history. Population:

text: Kursk

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: Kursk

text: Oblast

text: Russia

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Kur

text: Tuskar

text: and

text: Seym

text: Rivers

text: The

text: area

text: around

text: Kursk

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: turning

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: SovietGerman

text: struggle

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: tank

text: battle

text: in

text: history

text: Population

question: part_of 102nd infantry division

answer: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht

text: wehrmacht