text: The term Sound-on-disc refers to a class of sound film processes using a phonograph or other disc to record or play back sound in sync with a motion picture. Early sound-on-disc systems used a mechanical interlock with the movie projector, while more recent systems use timecode.

text: The

text: term

text: Sound

text: on

text: disc

text: refers

text: to

text: class

text: of

text: sound

text: film

text: processes

text: using

text: phonograph

text: or

text: other

text: disc

text: to

text: record

text: or

text: play

text: back

text: sound

text: in

text: sync

text: with

text: motion

text: picture

text: Early

text: sound

text: on

text: disc

text: systems

text: used

text: mechanical

text: interlock

text: with

text: the

text: movie

text: projector

text: while

text: more

text: recent

text: systems

text: use

text: timecode

text: Time Warner, Inc. (also known as AOL Time Warner from 2001-2003; stylized as TimeWarner) is an American multinational media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City. It is currently the world's third largest entertainment company in terms of revenue, after Comcast and The Walt Disney Company. It was also once the world's largest media conglomerate. Time Warner was first founded in 1990 with the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications. The current company consists largely of the assets of the former Warner Communications (as well as HBO, a Time Inc. subsidiary prior to the merger), and the assets of Turner Broadcasting (which was acquired by the company in 1996). Time Warner currently has major operations in film and television, with a limited amount in publishing operations. Among its most popular assets are HBO, Turner Broadcasting System, The CW Television Network, Warner Bros., CNN, DC Comics, and as of August 2016, Hulu, owning 10%. In the past, other major divisions of Time Warner included Time Inc., AOL, Time Warner Cable, Warner Books and Warner Music Group. All of these operations were either sold to other investors or spun off as independent companies from 2004 to 2014.

text: Time

text: Warner

text: Inc.

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: AOL

text: Time

text: Warner

text: from

text: stylized

text: as

text: TimeWarner

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: multinational

text: media

text: and

text: entertainment

text: conglomerate

text: headquartered

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: It

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: third

text: largest

text: entertainment

text: company

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: revenue

text: after

text: Comcast

text: and

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: once

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: media

text: conglomerate

text: Time

text: Warner

text: was

text: first

text: founded

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: Time

text: Inc.

text: and

text: Warner

text: Communications

text: The

text: current

text: company

text: consists

text: largely

text: of

text: the

text: assets

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Warner

text: Communications

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: HBO

text: Time

text: Inc.

text: subsidiary

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: merger

text: and

text: the

text: assets

text: of

text: Turner

text: Broadcasting

text: which

text: was

text: acquired

text: by

text: the

text: company

text: in

text: Time

text: Warner

text: currently

text: has

text: major

text: operations

text: in

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: with

text: limited

text: amount

text: in

text: publishing

text: operations

text: Among

text: its

text: most

text: popular

text: assets

text: are

text: HBO

text: Turner

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: The

text: CW

text: Television

text: Network

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: CNN

text: DC

text: Comics

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: August

text: Hulu

text: owning

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: other

text: major

text: divisions

text: of

text: Time

text: Warner

text: included

text: Time

text: Inc.

text: AOL

text: Time

text: Warner

text: Cable

text: Warner

text: Books

text: and

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: All

text: of

text: these

text: operations

text: were

text: either

text: sold

text: to

text: other

text: investors

text: or

text: spun

text: off

text: as

text: independent

text: companies

text: from

text: to

text: A film distributor is responsible for the marketing of a film. The distribution company is usually different from the production company. Distribution deals are an important part of financing a film.

text: film

text: distributor

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: marketing

text: of

text: film

text: The

text: distribution

text: company

text: is

text: usually

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: production

text: company

text: Distribution

text: deals

text: are

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: financing

text: film

text: The Jazz Singer is a 1927 American musical film. The first feature-length motion picture with synchronized sound, its release heralded the commercial ascendance of sound films and the decline of the silent film era. Directed by Alan Crosland and produced by Warner Bros. with its Vitaphone sound-on-disc system, the film, featuring six songs performed by Al Jolson, is based on a play of the same name by Samson Raphaelson, adapted from one of his short stories "The Day of Atonement".

text: The

text: Jazz

text: Singer

text: is

text: American

text: musical

text: film

text: The

text: first

text: feature

text: length

text: motion

text: picture

text: with

text: synchronized

text: sound

text: its

text: release

text: heralded

text: the

text: commercial

text: ascendance

text: of

text: sound

text: films

text: and

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: silent

text: film

text: era

text: Directed

text: by

text: Alan

text: Crosland

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: with

text: its

text: Vitaphone

text: sound

text: on

text: disc

text: system

text: the

text: film

text: featuring

text: six

text: songs

text: performed

text: by

text: Al

text: Jolson

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: play

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: by

text: Samson

text: Raphaelson

text: adapted

text: from

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: short

text: stories

text: The

text: Day

text: of

text: Atonement

text: A feature film is a film (also called a movie, motion picture or just film) with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole film to fill a program. The notion of how long this should be has varied according to time and place. According to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the American Film Institute, and the British Film Institute, a feature film runs for 40 minutes or longer, while the Screen Actors Guild states that it is 80 minutes or longer.

text: feature

text: film

text: is

text: film

text: also

text: called

text: movie

text: motion

text: picture

text: or

text: just

text: film

text: with

text: running

text: time

text: long

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: the

text: principal

text: or

text: sole

text: film

text: to

text: fill

text: program

text: The

text: notion

text: of

text: how

text: long

text: this

text: should

text: be

text: has

text: varied

text: according

text: to

text: time

text: and

text: place

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: the

text: American

text: Film

text: Institute

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Film

text: Institute

text: feature

text: film

text: runs

text: for

text: minutes

text: or

text: longer

text: while

text: the

text: Screen

text: Actors

text: Guild

text: states

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: minutes

text: or

text: longer

text: Good Time Charley is a 1927 drama film produced and distributed by Warner Bros. and directed by Michael Curtiz . The film apparently had a Vitaphone soundtrack of music and effects . It is a lost film .

text: Good

text: Time

text: Charley

text: is

text: drama

text: film

text: produced

text: and

text: distributed

text: by

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Michael

text: Curtiz

text: The

text: film

text: apparently

text: had

text: Vitaphone

text: soundtrack

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: effects

text: It

text: is

text: lost

text: film

text: A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film. The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, but decades passed before sound motion pictures were made commercially practical. Reliable synchronization was difficult to achieve with the early sound-on-disc systems, and amplification and recording quality were also inadequate. Innovations in sound-on-film led to the first commercial screening of short motion pictures using the technology, which took place in 1923.

text: sound

text: film

text: is

text: motion

text: picture

text: with

text: synchronized

text: sound

text: or

text: sound

text: technologically

text: coupled

text: to

text: image

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: silent

text: film

text: The

text: first

text: known

text: public

text: exhibition

text: of

text: projected

text: sound

text: films

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: Paris

text: in

text: but

text: decades

text: passed

text: before

text: sound

text: motion

text: pictures

text: were

text: made

text: commercially

text: practical

text: Reliable

text: synchronization

text: was

text: difficult

text: to

text: achieve

text: with

text: the

text: early

text: sound

text: on

text: disc

text: systems

text: and

text: amplification

text: and

text: recording

text: quality

text: were

text: also

text: inadequate

text: Innovations

text: in

text: sound

text: on

text: film

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: commercial

text: screening

text: of

text: short

text: motion

text: pictures

text: using

text: the

text: technology

text: which

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company or motion picture company that has its own privately owned studio facility or facilities that are used to make films, which is handled by the production company. The majority of firms in the entertainment industry have never owned their own studios, but have rented space from other companies.

text: film

text: studio

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: movie

text: studio

text: or

text: simply

text: studio

text: is

text: major

text: entertainment

text: company

text: or

text: motion

text: picture

text: company

text: that

text: has

text: its

text: own

text: privately

text: owned

text: studio

text: facility

text: or

text: facilities

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: films

text: which

text: is

text: handled

text: by

text: the

text: production

text: company

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: firms

text: in

text: the

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: have

text: never

text: owned

text: their

text: own

text: studios

text: but

text: have

text: rented

text: space

text: from

text: other

text: companies

text: Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. (known professionally as Warner Bros. Pictures, often referred to as Warner Bros. and Warner Brothers and abbreviated as WB) is an American entertainment company, film studio and film distributor that is a division of Time Warner and is headquartered in Burbank, California. It is one of the "Big Six" major American film studios.

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Entertainment

text: Inc.

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Pictures

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: and

text: Warner

text: Brothers

text: and

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: WB

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: entertainment

text: company

text: film

text: studio

text: and

text: film

text: distributor

text: that

text: is

text: division

text: of

text: Time

text: Warner

text: and

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Burbank

text: California

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Six

text: major

text: American

text: film

text: studios

text: The studio system (which was used during a period known as the Golden Age of Hollywood) is a method of film production and distribution dominated by a small number of "major" studios in Hollywood. Although the term is still used today as a reference to the systems and output of the major studios, historically the term refers to the practice of large motion picture studios between the 1920s and 1960s of (a) producing movies primarily on their own filmmaking lots with creative personnel under often long-term contract, and (b) dominating exhibition through vertical integration, i.e., the ownership or effective control of distributors and exhibition, guaranteeing additional sales of films through manipulative booking techniques such as block booking.

text: The

text: studio

text: system

text: which

text: was

text: used

text: during

text: period

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: Hollywood

text: is

text: method

text: of

text: film

text: production

text: and

text: distribution

text: dominated

text: by

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: major

text: studios

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: Although

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: still

text: used

text: today

text: as

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: systems

text: and

text: output

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: studios

text: historically

text: the

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: large

text: motion

text: picture

text: studios

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: of

text: producing

text: movies

text: primarily

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: filmmaking

text: lots

text: with

text: creative

text: personnel

text: under

text: often

text: long

text: term

text: contract

text: and

text: dominating

text: exhibition

text: through

text: vertical

text: integration

text: i.e.

text: the

text: ownership

text: or

text: effective

text: control

text: of

text: distributors

text: and

text: exhibition

text: guaranteeing

text: additional

text: sales

text: of

text: films

text: through

text: manipulative

text: booking

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: block

text: booking

text: Michael Curtiz (born Mihaly Kertesz, December 24, 1888 April 10, 1962) was a Hungarian-born American film director, recognized as one of the most prolific directors in history. He directed classic films from the silent era and numerous others during Hollywood's Golden Age, when the studio system was prevalent.

text: Michael

text: Curtiz

text: born

text: Mihaly

text: Kertesz

text: December

text: April

text: was

text: Hungarian

text: born

text: American

text: film

text: director

text: recognized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: prolific

text: directors

text: in

text: history

text: He

text: directed

text: classic

text: films

text: from

text: the

text: silent

text: era

text: and

text: numerous

text: others

text: during

text: Hollywood

text: 's

text: Golden

text: Age

text: when

text: the

text: studio

text: system

text: was

text: prevalent

text: The phonograph is a device invented in 1877 for the mechanical recording and reproduction of sound. In its later forms it is also called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name since c. 1900). The sound vibration waveforms are recorded as corresponding physical deviations of a spiral groove engraved, etched, incised, or impressed into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc, called a "record". To recreate the sound, the surface is similarly rotated while a playback stylus traces the groove and is therefore vibrated by it, very faintly reproducing the recorded sound. In early acoustic phonographs, the stylus vibrated a diaphragm which produced sound waves which were coupled to the open air through a flaring horn, or directly to the listener's ears through stethoscope-type earphones. In later electric phonographs (also known as record players (since 1940s) or, most recently, turntables), the motions of the stylus are converted into an analogous electrical signal by a transducer, then converted back into sound by a loudspeaker.

text: The

text: phonograph

text: is

text: device

text: invented

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: mechanical

text: recording

text: and

text: reproduction

text: of

text: sound

text: In

text: its

text: later

text: forms

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: gramophone

text: as

text: trademark

text: since

text: as

text: generic

text: name

text: since

text: The

text: sound

text: vibration

text: waveforms

text: are

text: recorded

text: as

text: corresponding

text: physical

text: deviations

text: of

text: spiral

text: groove

text: engraved

text: etched

text: incised

text: or

text: impressed

text: into

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: rotating

text: cylinder

text: or

text: disc

text: called

text: record

text: To

text: recreate

text: the

text: sound

text: the

text: surface

text: is

text: similarly

text: rotated

text: while

text: playback

text: stylus

text: traces

text: the

text: groove

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: vibrated

text: by

text: it

text: very

text: faintly

text: reproducing

text: the

text: recorded

text: sound

text: In

text: early

text: acoustic

text: phonographs

text: the

text: stylus

text: vibrated

text: diaphragm

text: which

text: produced

text: sound

text: waves

text: which

text: were

text: coupled

text: to

text: the

text: open

text: air

text: through

text: flaring

text: horn

text: or

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: listener

text: 's

text: ears

text: through

text: stethoscope

text: type

text: earphones

text: In

text: later

text: electric

text: phonographs

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: record

text: players

text: since

text: or

text: most

text: recently

text: turntables

text: the

text: motions

text: of

text: the

text: stylus

text: are

text: converted

text: into

text: an

text: analogous

text: electrical

text: signal

text: by

text: transducer

text: then

text: converted

text: back

text: into

text: sound

text: by

text: loudspeaker

text: Vitaphone was a sound film system used for feature films and nearly 1,000 short subjects made by Warner Bros. and its sister studio First National from 1926 to 1931. Vitaphone was the last major analog sound-on-disc system and the only one which was widely used and commercially successful. The soundtrack was not printed on the film itself, but issued separately on phonograph records. The discs, recorded at  rpm (a speed first used for this system) and typically in diameter, would be played on a turntable physically coupled to the projector motor while the film was being projected. Many early talkies, such as "The Jazz Singer" (1927), used the Vitaphone system. The name "Vitaphone" derived from the Latin and Greek words, respectively, for "living" and "sound".

text: Vitaphone

text: was

text: sound

text: film

text: system

text: used

text: for

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: nearly

text: short

text: subjects

text: made

text: by

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: and

text: its

text: sister

text: studio

text: First

text: National

text: from

text: to

text: Vitaphone

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: major

text: analog

text: sound

text: on

text: disc

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: which

text: was

text: widely

text: used

text: and

text: commercially

text: successful

text: The

text: soundtrack

text: was

text: not

text: printed

text: on

text: the

text: film

text: itself

text: but

text: issued

text: separately

text: on

text: phonograph

text: records

text: The

text: discs

text: recorded

text: at

text: rpm

text: speed

text: first

text: used

text: for

text: this

text: system

text: and

text: typically

text: in

text: diameter

text: would

text: be

text: played

text: on

text: turntable

text: physically

text: coupled

text: to

text: the

text: projector

text: motor

text: while

text: the

text: film

text: was

text: being

text: projected

text: Many

text: early

text: talkies

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Jazz

text: Singer

text: used

text: the

text: Vitaphone

text: system

text: The

text: name

text: Vitaphone

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: and

text: Greek

text: words

text: respectively

text: for

text: living

text: and

text: sound

text: Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California, United States, northwest of downtown Los Angeles. The population at the 2010 census was 103,340.

text: Burbank

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: in

text: Southern

text: California

text: United

text: States

text: northwest

text: of

text: downtown

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: The

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: was

question: instance_of good time charley

answer: silent film

text: silent film

text: silent film


text: The Motion Picture Editors Guild (MPEG) is the guild that represents freelance and staff motion picture film and television editors and other post-production professionals and story analysts throughout the United States. The Motion Picture Editors Guild (Union Local 700) is a part of the 500 affiliated local unions of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE), a national labor organization with 104,000-plus members. There are more than 6,000 members of the Editors Guild.

text: The

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Editors

text: Guild

text: MPEG

text: is

text: the

text: guild

text: that

text: represents

text: freelance

text: and

text: staff

text: motion

text: picture

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: editors

text: and

text: other

text: post

text: production

text: professionals

text: and

text: story

text: analysts

text: throughout

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Editors

text: Guild

text: Union

text: Local

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: affiliated

text: local

text: unions

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Alliance

text: of

text: Theatrical

text: Stage

text: Employees

text: IATSE

text: national

text: labor

text: organization

text: with

text: members

text: There

text: are

text: more

text: than

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Editors

text: Guild

text: A guild is a group of merchants who control the practice of their craft in a particular town. The earliest types of guild were formed as confraternities of tradesmen. They were organized in a manner something between a professional association, trade union, a cartel, and a secret society. They often depended on grants of letters patent by a monarch or other authority to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members, and to retain ownership of tools and the supply of materials.

text: guild

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: merchants

text: who

text: control

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: their

text: craft

text: in

text: particular

text: town

text: The

text: earliest

text: types

text: of

text: guild

text: were

text: formed

text: as

text: confraternities

text: of

text: tradesmen

text: They

text: were

text: organized

text: in

text: manner

text: something

text: between

text: professional

text: association

text: trade

text: union

text: cartel

text: and

text: secret

text: society

text: They

text: often

text: depended

text: on

text: grants

text: of

text: letters

text: patent

text: by

text: monarch

text: or

text: other

text: authority

text: to

text: enforce

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: trade

text: to

text: their

text: self

text: employed

text: members

text: and

text: to

text: retain

text: ownership

text: of

text: tools

text: and

text: the

text: supply

text: of

text: materials

text: The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees or IATSE, (full name: International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, Moving Picture Technicians, Artists and Allied Crafts of the United States, Its Territories and Canada) is a labor union representing over 130,000 technicians, artisans and craftspersons in the entertainment industry, including live theatre, motion picture and television production, and trade shows. It was awarded Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre in 1993.

text: The

text: International

text: Alliance

text: of

text: Theatrical

text: Stage

text: Employees

text: or

text: IATSE

text: full

text: name

text: International

text: Alliance

text: of

text: Theatrical

text: Stage

text: Employees

text: Moving

text: Picture

text: Technicians

text: Artists

text: and

text: Allied

text: Crafts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Its

text: Territories

text: and

text: Canada

text: is

text: labor

text: union

text: representing

text: over

text: technicians

text: artisans

text: and

text: craftspersons

text: in

text: the

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: including

text: live

text: theatre

text: motion

text: picture

text: and

text: television

text: production

text: and

text: trade

text: shows

text: It

text: was

text: awarded

text: Tony

text: Honors

text: for

text: Excellence

text: in

text: Theatre

text: in

text: Founded in 1950 , American Cinema Editors ( ACE ) is an honorary society of film editors that are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements , their education of others , and their dedication to editing . The society is not to be confused with an industry union , such as the I.A.T.S.E. ( specifically the Motion Picture Editors Guild or MPEG ) to which an editor might belong . The current President of ACE is Alan Heim .

text: Founded

text: in

text: American

text: Cinema

text: Editors

text: ACE

text: is

text: an

text: honorary

text: society

text: of

text: film

text: editors

text: that

text: are

text: voted

text: in

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: qualities

text: of

text: professional

text: achievements

text: their

text: education

text: of

text: others

text: and

text: their

text: dedication

text: to

text: editing

text: The

text: society

text: is

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: an

text: industry

text: union

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: I.A.T.S.E.

text: specifically

text: the

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Editors

text: Guild

text: or

text: MPEG

text: to

text: which

text: an

text: editor

text: might

text: belong

text: The

text: current

text: President

text: of

text: ACE

text: is

text: Alan

text: Heim

text: Post-production, or postproduction, is part of the process of filmmaking, video production, and photography. It occurs in the making of motion pictures, television programs, radio programs, advertising, audio recordings, photography, and digital art. It is a term for all stages of production occurring after shooting or recording individual program segments.

text: Post

text: production

text: or

text: postproduction

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: video

text: production

text: and

text: photography

text: It

text: occurs

text: in

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: motion

text: pictures

text: television

text: programs

text: radio

text: programs

text: advertising

text: audio

text: recordings

text: photography

text: and

text: digital

text: art

text: It

text: is

text: term

text: for

text: all

text: stages

text: of

text: production

text: occurring

text: after

text: shooting

text: or

text: recording

text: individual

text: program

text: segments

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely single

question: instance_of american cinema editors

answer: professional association

text: professional association


text: The Tupolev I - 4 was a Soviet sesquiplane single - seat fighter . It was designed in 1927 by Pavel Sukhoi , his first aircraft design , and the first Soviet all - metal fighter .

text: The

text: Tupolev

text: was

text: Soviet

text: sesquiplane

text: single

text: seat

text: fighter

text: It

text: was

text: designed

text: in

text: by

text: Pavel

text: Sukhoi

text: his

text: first

text: aircraft

text: design

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: Soviet

text: all

text: metal

text: fighter

text: The JSC A.S. Yakovlev Design Bureau is a Russian aircraft designer and manufacturer (design office prefix Yak). Its head office is in Aeroport District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

text: The

text: JSC

text: A.S.

text: Yakovlev

text: Design

text: Bureau

text: is

text: Russian

text: aircraft

text: designer

text: and

text: manufacturer

text: design

text: office

text: prefix

text: Yak

text: Its

text: head

text: office

text: is

text: in

text: Aeroport

text: District

text: Northern

text: Administrative

text: Okrug

text: Moscow

text: Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG (   «»), or RSK MiG, is a Russian aerospace joint stock company. Formerly Mikoyan-and-Gurevich Design Bureau, then simply Mikoyan, it is a military aircraft design bureau, primarily designing fighter aircraft. Its head office is in Begovoy District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

text: Russian

text: Aircraft

text: Corporation

text: MiG

text: or

text: RSK

text: MiG

text: is

text: Russian

text: aerospace

text: joint

text: stock

text: company

text: Formerly

text: Mikoyan

text: and

text: Gurevich

text: Design

text: Bureau

text: then

text: simply

text: Mikoyan

text: it

text: is

text: military

text: aircraft

text: design

text: bureau

text: primarily

text: designing

text: fighter

text: aircraft

text: Its

text: head

text: office

text: is

text: in

text: Begovoy

text: District

text: Northern

text: Administrative

text: Okrug

text: Moscow

text: Pavel Osipovich Sukhoi (July 22, 1895  September 15, 1975) was a Soviet aerospace engineer. He designed the Sukhoi military aircraft until the 1970s, and founded the Sukhoi Design Bureau.

text: Pavel

text: Osipovich

text: Sukhoi

text: July

text: September

text: was

text: Soviet

text: aerospace

text: engineer

text: He

text: designed

text: the

text: Sukhoi

text: military

text: aircraft

text: until

text: the

text: and

text: founded

text: the

text: Sukhoi

text: Design

text: Bureau

text: Tupolev is a Russian aerospace and defence company, headquartered in Basmanny District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow. Known officially as Joint Stock Company Tupolev, it is the successor of the Tupolev OKB or Tupolev Design Bureau (OKB-156, design office prefix Tu) headed by the Soviet aerospace engineer A.N. Tupolev. The company celebrated its 90th anniversary on October 22, 2012. The Russian government merged Tupolev with Mikoyan, Ilyushin, Irkut, Sukhoi, and Yakovlev as a new company named United Aircraft Corporation.

text: Tupolev

text: is

text: Russian

text: aerospace

text: and

text: defence

text: company

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Basmanny

text: District

text: Central

text: Administrative

text: Okrug

text: Moscow

text: Known

text: officially

text: as

text: Joint

text: Stock

text: Company

text: Tupolev

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: successor

text: of

text: the

text: Tupolev

text: OKB

text: or

text: Tupolev

text: Design

text: Bureau

text: design

text: office

text: prefix

text: Tu

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: aerospace

text: engineer

text: A.N.

text: Tupolev

text: The

text: company

text: celebrated

text: its

text: anniversary

text: on

text: October

text: The

text: Russian

text: government

text: merged

text: Tupolev

text: with

text: Mikoyan

text: Ilyushin

text: Irkut

text: Sukhoi

text: and

text: Yakovlev

text: as

text: new

text: company

text: named

text: United

text: Aircraft

text: Corporation

text: Basmanny District is a district of Central Administrative Okrug of the federal city of Moscow, Russia. Population:

text: Basmanny

text: District

text: is

text: district

text: of

text: Central

text: Administrative

text: Okrug

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: city

text: of

text: Moscow

text: Russia

text: Population

text: Central Administrative Okrug, or Tsentralny Administrativny Okrug ("Tsentralny administrativny okrug"), is one of the twelve administrative okrugs of Moscow, Russia, located within the Kamer-Kollezhny Bank. Population:

text: Central

text: Administrative

text: Okrug

text: or

text: Tsentralny

text: Administrativny

text: Okrug

text: Tsentralny

text: administrativny

text: okrug

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: twelve

text: administrative

text: okrugs

text: of

text: Moscow

text: Russia

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: Kamer

text: Kollezhny

text: Bank

text: Population

text: Sukhoi Company (JSC) is a major Russian aircraft manufacturer, headquartered in Begovoy District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow, and designs both civilian and military aircraft. It was founded by Pavel Sukhoi in 1939 as the Sukhoi Design Bureau (OKB-51, design office prefix Su).

text: Sukhoi

text: Company

text: JSC

text: is

text: major

text: Russian

text: aircraft

text: manufacturer

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Begovoy

text: District

text: Northern

text: Administrative

text: Okrug

text: Moscow

text: and

text: designs

text: both

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: aircraft

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Pavel

text: Sukhoi

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Sukhoi

text: Design

text: Bureau

text: design

text: office

text: prefix

text: Su

text: Moscow (or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 12.2 million residents within the city limits and 16.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city.

text: Moscow

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Russia

text: with

text: million

text: residents

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: and

text: million

text: within

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: Moscow

text: has

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: Russian

text: federal

text: city

text: JSC United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) (Russian:    (), "Obyedinyonnaya Aviastroitelnaya Korporatsiya" (OAK)) is a Russian open joint-stock company. With a majority stake belonging to the Russian Government, it consolidates Russian private and state-owned aircraft construction companies and assets engaged in the manufacture, design and sale of military, civilian, transport, and unmanned aircraft. Its headquarters are in Krasnoselsky District, Central Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

text: JSC

text: United

text: Aircraft

text: Corporation

text: UAC

text: Russian

text: Obyedinyonnaya

text: Aviastroitelnaya

text: Korporatsiya

text: OAK

text: is

text: Russian

text: open

text: joint

text: stock

text: company

text: With

text: majority

text: stake

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Russian

text: Government

text: it

text: consolidates

text: Russian

text: private

text: and

text: state

text: owned

text: aircraft

text: construction

text: companies

text: and

text: assets

text: engaged

text: in

text: the

text: manufacture

text: design

text: and

text: sale

text: of

text: military

text: civilian

text: transport

text: and

text: unmanned

text: aircraft

text: Its

text: headquarters

text: are

text: in

text: Krasnoselsky

text: District

text: Central

text: Administrative

text: Okrug

text: Moscow

text: OKB is a transliteration of the Russian initials of "  "  "Opytnoye Konstruktorskoye Buro", meaning Experimental Design Bureau. During the Soviet era, OKBs were closed institutions working on design and prototyping of advanced technology, usually for military applications.

text: OKB

text: is

text: transliteration

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: initials

text: of

text: Opytnoye

text: Konstruktorskoye

text: Buro

text: meaning

text: Experimental

text: Design

text: Bureau

text: During

text: the

text: Soviet

text: era

text: OKBs

text: were

text: closed

text: institutions

text: working

text: on

text: design

text: and

text: prototyping

text: of

text: advanced

text: technology

text: usually

text: for

text: military

text: applications

text: Open Joint Stock Company «Ilyushin Aviation Complex», operating as Ilyushin (Ilyushin) or Ilyushin Design Bureau, is a Russian aircraft manufacturer and design bureau, founded by Sergey Vladimirovich Ilyushin. Ilyushin was established under the Soviet Union. Its operations began on January 13, 1933, by order of P. I. Baranov, People's Commissar of the Heavy Industry and the Head of the Main Department of Aviation Industry. In Soviet/Russian nomenclature, aircraft from Ilyushin are prefixed Il. The head office of Ilyushin is located in Aeroport District, Northern Administrative Okrug, Moscow.

text: Open

text: Joint

text: Stock

text: Company

text: Ilyushin

text: Aviation

text: Complex

text: operating

text: as

text: Ilyushin

text: Ilyushin

text: or

text: Ilyushin

text: Design

text: Bureau

text: is

text: Russian

text: aircraft

text: manufacturer

text: and

text: design

text: bureau

text: founded

text: by

text: Sergey

text: Vladimirovich

text: Ilyushin

text: Ilyushin

text: was

text: established

text: under

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Its

text: operations

text: began

text: on

text: January

text: by

text: order

text: of

text: Baranov

text: People

text: 's

text: Commissar

text: of

text: the

text: Heavy

text: Industry

text: and

text: the

text: Head

text: of

text: the

text: Main

text: Department

text: of

text: Aviation

text: Industry

text: In

text: Soviet

text: Russian

text: nomenclature

text: aircraft

text: from

text: Ilyushin

text: are

text: prefixed

text: Il

text: The

text: head

text: office

text: of

text: Ilyushin

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Aeroport

text: District

text: Northern

text: Administrative

text: Okrug

text: Moscow

question: subclass_of tupolev i-4

answer: military aircraft

text: military aircraft

text: military aircraft

text: military aircraft


text: Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France.

text: Paris

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: within

text: its

text: administrative

text: limits

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: both

text: commune

text: and

text: department

text: and

text: forms

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: or

text: Paris

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: comprising

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: France

text: The Hague (or "<nowiki>'</nowiki>s-Gravenhage" ) is a city located in the western coast of the Netherlands, and the capital city of the province of South Holland.

text: The

text: Hague

text: or

text: nowiki>'</nowiki

text: Gravenhage

text: is

text: city

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: South

text: Holland

text: The Netherlands  is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament. The name "Holland" is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: constituent

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: is

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: with

text: three

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: The

text: European

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: borders

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Belgium

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: sharing

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Belgium

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Germany

text: The

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: are

text: Amsterdam

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: while

text: The

text: Hague

text: holds

text: the

text: Dutch

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: parliament

text: The

text: name

text: Holland

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: informally

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The cycling competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam consisted of two road cycling events and four track cycling events , all for men only . The individual event in road cycling was a time trial over a distance of 168 km ; the team competition was decided by aggregating the times of the three fastest riders from each nation . The 50 km track event held in 1920 and 1924 was replaced by a 1 km time trial .

text: The

text: cycling

text: competition

text: at

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: in

text: Amsterdam

text: consisted

text: of

text: two

text: road

text: cycling

text: events

text: and

text: four

text: track

text: cycling

text: events

text: all

text: for

text: men

text: only

text: The

text: individual

text: event

text: in

text: road

text: cycling

text: was

text: time

text: trial

text: over

text: distance

text: of

text: km

text: the

text: team

text: competition

text: was

text: decided

text: by

text: aggregating

text: the

text: times

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: fastest

text: riders

text: from

text: each

text: nation

text: The

text: km

text: track

text: event

text: held

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: km

text: time

text: trial

text: The Randstad is a megalopolis in the central-western Netherlands consisting primarily of the four largest Dutch cities (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht) and their surrounding areas. Among other things, it contains the Port of Rotterdam (the largest seaport in Europe, and until 2004 also the world's busiest seaport), and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (one of the largest European airports). With a population of 7,100,000 it is one of the largest metropolitan regions in Europe, comparable in size to Milan or the San Francisco Bay Area, and covers an area of approximately 8,287 km². It's also one of the most important and densely populated economic areas in northwestern Europe.

text: The

text: Randstad

text: is

text: megalopolis

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: Netherlands

text: consisting

text: primarily

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: largest

text: Dutch

text: cities

text: Amsterdam

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: and

text: their

text: surrounding

text: areas

text: Among

text: other

text: things

text: it

text: contains

text: the

text: Port

text: of

text: Rotterdam

text: the

text: largest

text: seaport

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: until

text: also

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: seaport

text: and

text: Amsterdam

text: Airport

text: Schiphol

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: airports

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: regions

text: in

text: Europe

text: comparable

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: Milan

text: or

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: Area

text: and

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: It

text: 's

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: and

text: densely

text: populated

text: economic

text: areas

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Europe

text: Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.

text: Belgium

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: France

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: which

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Straddling

text: the

text: cultural

text: boundary

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Latin

text: Europe

text: Belgium

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: main

text: linguistic

text: groups

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Flemish

text: community

text: which

text: constitutes

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Walloon

text: population

text: which

text: comprises

text: of

text: all

text: Belgians

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Cantons

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: High

text: Fens

text: area

text: and

text: bordering

text: Germany

text: Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels"), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the second-most populous city in the United States (after New York City), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County. Situated in Southern California, Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, sprawling metropolis, and as a major center of the American entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over .

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Spanish

text: for

text: The

text: Angels

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: often

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: initials

text: L.A.

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: California

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: Situated

text: in

text: Southern

text: California

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: mediterranean

text: climate

text: ethnic

text: diversity

text: sprawling

text: metropolis

text: and

text: as

text: major

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: lies

text: in

text: large

text: coastal

text: basin

text: surrounded

text: on

text: three

text: sides

text: by

text: mountains

text: reaching

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: over

text: The 1928 Summer Olympics (Dutch: "Olympische Zomerspelen 1928"), officially known as the Games of the IX Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1928 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Amsterdam had bid for the 1920 and 1924 Olympic Games, but had to give way to wartorn Antwerp, Belgium, and Pierre de Coubertin's Paris, respectively. The only other candidate city for the 1928 Games was Los Angeles, which would host the Olympics four years later.

text: The

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: Dutch

text: Olympische

text: Zomerspelen

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Games

text: of

text: the

text: IX

text: Olympiad

text: was

text: an

text: international

text: multi

text: sport

text: event

text: which

text: was

text: celebrated

text: in

text: in

text: Amsterdam

text: Netherlands

text: Amsterdam

text: had

text: bid

text: for

text: the

text: and

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: but

text: had

text: to

text: give

text: way

text: to

text: wartorn

text: Antwerp

text: Belgium

text: and

text: Pierre

text: de

text: Coubertin

text: 's

text: Paris

text: respectively

text: The

text: only

text: other

text: candidate

text: city

text: for

text: the

text: Games

text: was

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: which

text: would

text: host

text: the

text: Olympics

text: four

text: years

text: later

text: The Kingdom of the Netherlands , commonly known as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in western Europe and in the Caribbean.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Amsterdam is the capital and most populous municipality of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Its status as the capital is mandated by the Constitution of the Netherlands, although it is not the seat of the government, which is The Hague. Amsterdam has a population of 847,176 within the city proper, 1,343,647 in the urban area, and 2,431,000 in the Amsterdam metropolitan area. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. The metropolitan area comprises much of the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 7 million.

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Its

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: is

text: mandated

text: by

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: which

text: is

text: The

text: Hague

text: Amsterdam

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Amsterdam

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: North

text: Holland

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: comprises

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Randstad

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: conurbations

text: in

text: Europe

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: North Holland (, West Frisian: "Noard-Holland") is a province in the northwest of the Netherlands. It is situated on the North Sea, north of South Holland and Utrecht, and west of Friesland and Flevoland. As of 2015, it has a population of 2,762,163 and a total area of .

text: North

text: Holland

text: West

text: Frisian

text: Noard

text: Holland

text: is

text: province

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: north

text: of

text: South

text: Holland

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Friesland

text: and

text: Flevoland

text: As

text: of

text: it

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: The modern Olympic Games or Olympics are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart.

text: The

text: modern

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: or

text: Olympics

text: are

text: leading

text: international

text: sporting

text: events

text: featuring

text: summer

text: and

text: winter

text: sports

text: competitions

text: in

text: which

text: thousands

text: of

text: athletes

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: participate

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: competitions

text: The

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: are

text: considered

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: foremost

text: sports

text: competition

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: nations

text: participating

text: The

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: are

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: with

text: the

text: Summer

text: and

text: Winter

text: Games

text: alternating

text: by

text: occurring

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: but

text: two

text: years

text: apart

text: The Constitution for the Kingdom of the Netherlands is one of two fundamental documents governing the Kingdom of the Netherlands as well as the fundamental law of the European territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The present constitution is generally seen as directly derived from the one issued in 1815, constituting a constitutional monarchy. A revision in 1848 instituted a system of parliamentary democracy. In 1983, a major revision of the constitution was undertaken, almost fully rewriting the text and adding new civil rights. The text is very sober, devoid of legal or political doctrine. It includes a bill of rights. The constitution prohibits the judiciary to test laws and treaties against the constitution, as this is considered a prerogative of the legislature. There is no constitutional court in the Netherlands, except for the Constitutional Court of Sint Maarten which only governs the Sint Maarten legislator. The Kingdom of the Netherlands also includes Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten: there is an overarching instrument of the entire kingdom that has constitution characterisics: the Statute of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

text: The

text: Constitution

text: for

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: fundamental

text: documents

text: governing

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: fundamental

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: present

text: constitution

text: is

text: generally

text: seen

text: as

text: directly

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: one

text: issued

text: in

text: constituting

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: revision

text: in

text: instituted

text: system

text: of

text: parliamentary

text: democracy

text: In

text: major

text: revision

text: of

text: the

text: constitution

text: was

text: undertaken

text: almost

text: fully

text: rewriting

text: the

text: text

text: and

text: adding

text: new

text: civil

text: rights

text: The

text: text

text: is

text: very

text: sober

text: devoid

text: of

text: legal

text: or

text: political

text: doctrine

text: It

text: includes

text: bill

text: of

text: rights

text: The

text: constitution

text: prohibits

text: the

text: judiciary

text: to

text: test

text: laws

text: and

text: treaties

text: against

text: the

text: constitution

text: as

text: this

text: is

text: considered

text: prerogative

text: of

text: the

text: legislature

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: constitutional

text: court

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: of

text: Sint

text: Maarten

text: which

text: only

text: governs

text: the

text: Sint

text: Maarten

text: legislator

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: also

text: includes

text: Aruba

text: Curaçao

text: and

text: Sint

text: Maarten

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: overarching

text: instrument

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: kingdom

text: that

text: has

text: constitution

text: characterisics

text: the

text: Statute

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The Amsterdam metropolitan area is the city region around the city of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. It lies in the Noordvleugel ("North Wing") of the larger polycentric Randstad metropolitan area and encompasses the city of Amsterdam, the Dutch provinces of North Holland and Flevoland, as well as 36 further municipalities within these two provinces, with a total population of over 2.4 million inhabitants.

text: The

text: Amsterdam

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: region

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Amsterdam

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: Noordvleugel

text: North

text: Wing

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: polycentric

text: Randstad

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: and

text: encompasses

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Amsterdam

text: the

text: Dutch

text: provinces

text: of

text: North

text: Holland

text: and

text: Flevoland

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: further

text: municipalities

text: within

text: these

text: two

text: provinces

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

annotations: likely multiple

question: country cycling at the 1928 summer olympics

answer: kingdom of the netherlands

text: kingdom of the netherlands

text: kingdom of the netherlands

text: kingdom of the netherlands

text: kingdom of the netherlands

text: kingdom of the netherlands

text: kingdom of the netherlands

text: kingdom of the netherlands

text: kingdom of the netherlands


text: Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population in July 2015 was (though higher estimated numbers have been cited in the press), making Kiev the 7th most populous city in Europe.

text: Kiev

text: or

text: Kyiv

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: Dnieper

text: River

text: The

text: population

text: in

text: July

text: was

text: though

text: higher

text: estimated

text: numbers

text: have

text: been

text: cited

text: in

text: the

text: press

text: making

text: Kiev

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Europe

text: The Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009 was the seventh edition of Junior Eurovision Song Contest and took place in Kiev, Ukraine. It was scheduled for 21 November. 13 countries were confirmed by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) to compete in the Contest. The contest was won by Ralf Mackenbach for the Netherlands with the song "Click Clack". At the age of 14, he is the oldest person to win the Junior Eurovision Song Contest in its seven year history. He was joined by Italy's Vincenzo Cantiello who won the 2014 contest also at the age of 14. Luara Hayrapetyan achieved Armenia another second place. Ekaterina Ryabova also took second place for Russia.

text: The

text: Junior

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: was

text: the

text: seventh

text: edition

text: of

text: Junior

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: and

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: Kiev

text: Ukraine

text: It

text: was

text: scheduled

text: for

text: November

text: countries

text: were

text: confirmed

text: by

text: the

text: European

text: Broadcasting

text: Union

text: EBU

text: to

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: Contest

text: The

text: contest

text: was

text: won

text: by

text: Ralf

text: Mackenbach

text: for

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: with

text: the

text: song

text: Click

text: Clack

text: At

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: he

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: person

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: Junior

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: in

text: its

text: seven

text: year

text: history

text: He

text: was

text: joined

text: by

text: Italy

text: 's

text: Vincenzo

text: Cantiello

text: who

text: won

text: the

text: contest

text: also

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Luara

text: Hayrapetyan

text: achieved

text: Armenia

text: another

text: second

text: place

text: Ekaterina

text: Ryabova

text: also

text: took

text: second

text: place

text: for

text: Russia

text: Ralf Mackenbach (born 4 October 1995) is a Dutch singer, dancer and musical artist who won the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Kiev, Ukraine on 21 November 2009. He earned 121 points with the song "Click Clack", which was written by Ralf's neighbor.

text: Ralf

text: Mackenbach

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: Dutch

text: singer

text: dancer

text: and

text: musical

text: artist

text: who

text: won

text: the

text: Junior

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: in

text: Kiev

text: Ukraine

text: on

text: November

text: He

text: earned

text: points

text: with

text: the

text: song

text: Click

text: Clack

text: which

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: Ralf

text: 's

text: neighbor

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.

text: Ukraine

text: tr

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Poland

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Hungary

text: Romania

text: and

text: Moldova

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southeast

text: respectively

text: Ukraine

text: is

text: currently

text: in

text: territorial

text: dispute

text: with

text: Russia

text: over

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: which

text: Russia

text: annexed

text: in

text: but

text: which

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: recognise

text: as

text: Ukrainian

text: Including

text: Crimea

text: Ukraine

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: entirely

text: within

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory spans about and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak, a member of the Slavic language family.

text: Slovakia

text: officially

text: the

text: Slovak

text: Republic

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Hungary

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Slovakia

text: 's

text: territory

text: spans

text: about

text: and

text: is

text: mostly

text: mountainous

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: over

text: million

text: and

text: comprises

text: mostly

text: ethnic

text: Slovaks

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Bratislava

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: Slovak

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Slavic

text: language

text: family

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: constituent

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: is

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: with

text: three

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: The

text: European

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: borders

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Belgium

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: sharing

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Belgium

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Germany

text: The

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: are

text: Amsterdam

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: while

text: The

text: Hague

text: holds

text: the

text: Dutch

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: parliament

text: The

text: name

text: Holland

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: informally

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Laura Omloop ( born 18 May 1999 ) or simply known as Laura is a Belgian pop singer who represented her country in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Kiev , Ukraine , finishing in fourth place . Omloop sang the song `` Zo verliefd '' which contains yodeling .

text: Laura

text: Omloop

text: born

text: May

text: or

text: simply

text: known

text: as

text: Laura

text: is

text: Belgian

text: pop

text: singer

text: who

text: represented

text: her

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Junior

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: in

text: Kiev

text: Ukraine

text: finishing

text: in

text: fourth

text: place

text: Omloop

text: sang

text: the

text: song

text: Zo

text: verliefd

text: which

text: contains

text: yodeling

text: The Crimean Peninsula ("Krymskiy poluostrov;" , "Kryms'ky pivostriv"), also known simply as Crimea ( "Krym" "Krym"), is a major land mass on the northern coast of the Black Sea that is almost completely surrounded by both the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the northeast. The peninsula is located south of the Ukrainian region of Kherson and west of the Russian region of Kuban. It is connected to Kherson Oblast by the Isthmus of Perekop and is separated from Kuban by the Strait of Kerch. The Arabat Spit is located to the northeast, a narrow strip of land that separates a system of lagoons named Sivash from the Sea of Azov.

text: The

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: Krymskiy

text: poluostrov

text: Kryms'ky

text: pivostriv

text: also

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Crimea

text: Krym

text: Krym

text: is

text: major

text: land

text: mass

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: that

text: is

text: almost

text: completely

text: surrounded

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: smaller

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: The

text: peninsula

text: is

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: region

text: of

text: Kherson

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: region

text: of

text: Kuban

text: It

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Kherson

text: Oblast

text: by

text: the

text: Isthmus

text: of

text: Perekop

text: and

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Kuban

text: by

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Kerch

text: The

text: Arabat

text: Spit

text: is

text: located

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: that

text: separates

text: system

text: of

text: lagoons

text: named

text: Sivash

text: from

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: Luara Gurgenovna Hayrapetyan (; born 29 September 1997 in Astrakhan, Russia) is an Armenian-Russian singer. She represented Armenia at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Kiev, Ukraine with her self-composed pop song "Barcelona", finishing in joint second place.

text: Luara

text: Gurgenovna

text: Hayrapetyan

text: born

text: September

text: in

text: Astrakhan

text: Russia

text: is

text: an

text: Armenian

text: Russian

text: singer

text: She

text: represented

text: Armenia

text: at

text: the

text: Junior

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: in

text: Kiev

text: Ukraine

text: with

text: her

text: self

text: composed

text: pop

text: song

text: Barcelona

text: finishing

text: in

text: joint

text: second

text: place

text: Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.

text: Poland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Sudetes

text: and

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: Poland

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Poland

text: is

text: unitary

text: state

text: divided

text: into

text: administrative

text: subdivisions

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Warsaw

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Kraków

text: Wrocaw

text: Pozna

text: Gdask

text: and

text: Szczecin

text: Ekaterina Dmitrievna "Katya" Ryabova (born 4 August 1997) is a Russian singer. She is from Shchyolkovo, but now resides in Yubileyny.

text: Ekaterina

text: Dmitrievna

text: Katya

text: Ryabova

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: Russian

text: singer

text: She

text: is

text: from

text: Shchyolkovo

text: but

text: now

text: resides

text: in

text: Yubileyny

text: Easter, also called Pascha "(Greek/Latin)" or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by Romans at Calvary 30 AD. It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus, preceded by Lent (or Great Lent), a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance.

text: Easter

text: also

text: called

text: Pascha

text: Greek

text: Latin

text: or

text: Resurrection

text: Sunday

text: is

text: festival

text: and

text: holiday

text: celebrating

text: the

text: resurrection

text: of

text: Jesus

text: from

text: the

text: dead

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: as

text: having

text: occurred

text: on

text: the

text: third

text: day

text: of

text: his

text: burial

text: after

text: his

text: crucifixion

text: by

text: Romans

text: at

text: Calvary

text: AD

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: culmination

text: of

text: the

text: Passion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: preceded

text: by

text: Lent

text: or

text: Great

text: Lent

text: forty

text: day

text: period

text: of

text: fasting

text: prayer

text: and

text: penance

text: Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.

text: Belarus

text: lat

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Belarus

text: formerly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Russian

text: name

text: Byelorussia

text: though

text: this

text: name

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: used

text: in

text: Belarus

text: itself

text: even

text: in

text: Russian

text: language

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Minsk

text: Over

text: of

text: its

text: is

text: forested

text: Its

text: strongest

text: economic

text: sectors

text: are

text: service

text: industries

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: different

text: states

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: controlled

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Belarus

text: including

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: to

text: centuries

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Hungary is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe. It covers an area of , situated in the Carpathian Basin and bordered by Slovakia to the north, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, Slovenia to the west, Austria to the northwest, and Ukraine to the northeast. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world. Hungary's capital and largest metropolis is Budapest, a significant economic hub, classified as an Alpha- global city. Major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs and Gyr.

text: Hungary

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Carpathian

text: Basin

text: and

text: bordered

text: by

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Romania

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Serbia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Croatia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Slovenia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Hungary

text: is

text: medium

text: sized

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: Hungarian

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: Uralic

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Hungary

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Budapest

text: significant

text: economic

text: hub

text: classified

text: as

text: an

text: Alpha-

text: global

text: city

text: Major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Debrecen

text: Szeged

text: Miskolc

text: Pécs

text: and

text: Gyr

question: native_language laura omloop

answer: dutch

text: dutch

text: dutch