text: An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside of the scope of Earth. They look at stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies, as well as many other celestial objects  either in observational astronomy, in analyzing the data or in theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers work on include: planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. There are also related but distinct subjects like physical cosmology which studies the Universe as a whole.

text: An

text: astronomer

text: is

text: scientist

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: astronomy

text: who

text: concentrates

text: their

text: studies

text: on

text: specific

text: question

text: or

text: field

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: Earth

text: They

text: look

text: at

text: stars

text: planets

text: moons

text: comets

text: and

text: galaxies

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: other

text: celestial

text: objects

text: either

text: in

text: observational

text: astronomy

text: in

text: analyzing

text: the

text: data

text: or

text: in

text: theoretical

text: astronomy

text: Examples

text: of

text: topics

text: or

text: fields

text: astronomers

text: work

text: on

text: include

text: planetary

text: science

text: solar

text: astronomy

text: the

text: origin

text: or

text: evolution

text: of

text: stars

text: or

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: galaxies

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: related

text: but

text: distinct

text: subjects

text: like

text: physical

text: cosmology

text: which

text: studies

text: the

text: Universe

text: as

text: whole

text: In geometry, a spiric section, sometimes called a spiric of Perseus, is a quartic plane curve defined by equations of the form

text: In

text: geometry

text: spiric

text: section

text: sometimes

text: called

text: spiric

text: of

text: Perseus

text: is

text: quartic

text: plane

text: curve

text: defined

text: by

text: equations

text: of

text: the

text: form

text: Claudius Ptolemy ("Klaúdios Ptolemaîos", ; ) was a Greek writer, known as a mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology. He lived in the city of Alexandria in the Roman province of Egypt, wrote in Koine Greek, and held Roman citizenship. Beyond that, few reliable details of his life are known. His birthplace has been given as Ptolemais Hermiou in the Thebaid in an uncorroborated statement by the 14th-century astronomer Theodore Meliteniotes. This is a very late attestation, however, and there is no other reason to suppose that he ever lived anywhere else than Alexandria, where he died around AD 168.

text: Claudius

text: Ptolemy

text: Klaúdios

text: Ptolemaîos

text: was

text: Greek

text: writer

text: known

text: as

text: mathematician

text: astronomer

text: geographer

text: astrologer

text: and

text: poet

text: of

text: single

text: epigram

text: in

text: the

text: Greek

text: Anthology

text: He

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Egypt

text: wrote

text: in

text: Koine

text: Greek

text: and

text: held

text: Roman

text: citizenship

text: Beyond

text: that

text: few

text: reliable

text: details

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: are

text: known

text: His

text: birthplace

text: has

text: been

text: given

text: as

text: Ptolemais

text: Hermiou

text: in

text: the

text: Thebaid

text: in

text: an

text: uncorroborated

text: statement

text: by

text: the

text: century

text: astronomer

text: Theodore

text: Meliteniotes

text: This

text: is

text: very

text: late

text: attestation

text: however

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: other

text: reason

text: to

text: suppose

text: that

text: he

text: ever

text: lived

text: anywhere

text: else

text: than

text: Alexandria

text: where

text: he

text: died

text: around

text: AD

text: The work known as the Almagest, named "" ("") in Ancient Greek, and also called Syntaxis Mathematica or Almagestum in Latin, is a 2nd-century Greek-language mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy. One of the most influential scientific texts of all time, its geocentric model was accepted for more than 1200 years from its origin in Hellenistic Alexandria, in the medieval Byzantine and Islamic worlds, and in Western Europe through the Middle Ages and early Renaissance until Copernicus.

text: The

text: work

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Almagest

text: named

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: and

text: also

text: called

text: Syntaxis

text: Mathematica

text: or

text: Almagestum

text: in

text: Latin

text: is

text: century

text: Greek

text: language

text: mathematical

text: and

text: astronomical

text: treatise

text: on

text: the

text: apparent

text: motions

text: of

text: the

text: stars

text: and

text: planetary

text: paths

text: written

text: by

text: Claudius

text: Ptolemy

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: scientific

text: texts

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: its

text: geocentric

text: model

text: was

text: accepted

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: years

text: from

text: its

text: origin

text: in

text: Hellenistic

text: Alexandria

text: in

text: the

text: medieval

text: Byzantine

text: and

text: Islamic

text: worlds

text: and

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: through

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: early

text: Renaissance

text: until

text: Copernicus

text: René Descartes (Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 159611 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. Dubbed the father of modern western philosophy, much of subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day. He spent about 20 years of his life in the Dutch Republic.

text: René

text: Descartes

text: Latinized

text: Renatus

text: Cartesius

text: adjectival

text: form

text: Cartesian

text: March

text: February

text: was

text: French

text: philosopher

text: mathematician

text: and

text: scientist

text: Dubbed

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: modern

text: western

text: philosophy

text: much

text: of

text: subsequent

text: Western

text: philosophy

text: is

text: response

text: to

text: his

text: writings

text: which

text: are

text: studied

text: closely

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: He

text: spent

text: about

text: years

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: in

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of an object around a point in space, for example the orbit of a planet about a star or a natural satellite around a planet. Normally, orbit refers to a regularly repeating path around a body, although it may occasionally be used for a non recurring trajectory or a path around a point in space. To a close approximation, planets and satellites follow elliptical orbits, with the central mass being orbited at a focal point of the ellipse, as described by Kepler's laws of planetary motion.

text: In

text: physics

text: an

text: orbit

text: is

text: the

text: gravitationally

text: curved

text: path

text: of

text: an

text: object

text: around

text: point

text: in

text: space

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: orbit

text: of

text: planet

text: about

text: star

text: or

text: natural

text: satellite

text: around

text: planet

text: Normally

text: orbit

text: refers

text: to

text: regularly

text: repeating

text: path

text: around

text: body

text: although

text: it

text: may

text: occasionally

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: non

text: recurring

text: trajectory

text: or

text: path

text: around

text: point

text: in

text: space

text: To

text: close

text: approximation

text: planets

text: and

text: satellites

text: follow

text: elliptical

text: orbits

text: with

text: the

text: central

text: mass

text: being

text: orbited

text: at

text: focal

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: ellipse

text: as

text: described

text: by

text: Kepler

text: 's

text: laws

text: of

text: planetary

text: motion

text: Geometry (from the ; "geo-" "earth", "-metron" "measurement") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a geometer.

text: Geometry

text: from

text: the

text: geo-

text: earth

text: -metron

text: measurement

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: mathematics

text: concerned

text: with

text: questions

text: of

text: shape

text: size

text: relative

text: position

text: of

text: figures

text: and

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: space

text: mathematician

text: who

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: geometry

text: is

text: called

text: geometer

text: Perseus ( c. 150 BC ) was an ancient Greek geometer , who invented the concept of spiric sections , in analogy to the conic sections studied by Apollonius of Perga .

text: Perseus

text: BC

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: geometer

text: who

text: invented

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: spiric

text: sections

text: in

text: analogy

text: to

text: the

text: conic

text: sections

text: studied

text: by

text: Apollonius

text: of

text: Perga

text: Francesco Maurolico (Greek:  , "Frangiskos Mavrolikos"; Latin: "Franciscus Maurolycus"; "Francisci Maurolyci"; Italian: "Francesco Maurolico"; September 16, 1494-July 21 or July 22, 1575) was a mathematician and astronomer from Sicily. Born to a Greek family and immersed in the study of classical Greek texts, throughout his lifetime he made contributions to the fields of geometry, optics, conics, mechanics, music, and astronomy. He edited the works of classical authors including Archimedes, Apollonius, Autolycus, Theodosius and Serenus. He also composed his own unique treatises on mathematics and mathematical science.

text: Francesco

text: Maurolico

text: Greek

text: Frangiskos

text: Mavrolikos

text: Latin

text: Franciscus

text: Maurolycus

text: Francisci

text: Maurolyci

text: Italian

text: Francesco

text: Maurolico

text: September

text: or

text: July

text: was

text: mathematician

text: and

text: astronomer

text: from

text: Sicily

text: Born

text: to

text: Greek

text: family

text: and

text: immersed

text: in

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: classical

text: Greek

text: texts

text: throughout

text: his

text: lifetime

text: he

text: made

text: contributions

text: to

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: geometry

text: optics

text: conics

text: mechanics

text: music

text: and

text: astronomy

text: He

text: edited

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: classical

text: authors

text: including

text: Archimedes

text: Apollonius

text: Autolycus

text: Theodosius

text: and

text: Serenus

text: He

text: also

text: composed

text: his

text: own

text: unique

text: treatises

text: on

text: mathematics

text: and

text: mathematical

text: science

text: Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642  20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and he shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus.

text: Sir

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: December

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: mathematician

text: astronomer

text: and

text: physicist

text: described

text: in

text: his

text: own

text: day

text: as

text: natural

text: philosopher

text: who

text: is

text: widely

text: recognised

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: scientists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: and

text: key

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: His

text: book

text: Philosophiæ

text: Naturalis

text: Principia

text: Mathematica

text: Mathematical

text: Principles

text: of

text: Natural

text: Philosophy

text: first

text: published

text: in

text: laid

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: Newton

text: also

text: made

text: seminal

text: contributions

text: to

text: optics

text: and

text: he

text: shares

text: credit

text: with

text: Gottfried

text: Wilhelm

text: Leibniz

text: for

text: developing

text: the

text: infinitesimal

text: calculus

text: In the Hipparchian and Ptolemaic systems of astronomy, the epicycle (from , literally "on the circle", meaning "circle moving on another circle") was a geometric model used to explain the variations in speed and direction of the apparent motion of the Moon, Sun, and planets. In particular it explained the apparent retrograde motion of the five planets known at the time. Secondarily, it also explained changes in the apparent distances of the planets from Earth.

text: In

text: the

text: Hipparchian

text: and

text: Ptolemaic

text: systems

text: of

text: astronomy

text: the

text: epicycle

text: from

text: literally

text: on

text: the

text: circle

text: meaning

text: circle

text: moving

text: on

text: another

text: circle

text: was

text: geometric

text: model

text: used

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: variations

text: in

text: speed

text: and

text: direction

text: of

text: the

text: apparent

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: Sun

text: and

text: planets

text: In

text: particular

text: it

text: explained

text: the

text: apparent

text: retrograde

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: planets

text: known

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Secondarily

text: it

text: also

text: explained

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: apparent

text: distances

text: of

text: the

text: planets

text: from

text: Earth

text: Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571  November 15, 1630) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his laws of planetary motion, based on his works "Astronomia nova", "Harmonices Mundi", and "Epitome of Copernican Astronomy". These works also provided one of the foundations for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation.

text: Johannes

text: Kepler

text: December

text: November

text: was

text: German

text: mathematician

text: astronomer

text: and

text: astrologer

text: key

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: scientific

text: revolution

text: he

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: laws

text: of

text: planetary

text: motion

text: based

text: on

text: his

text: works

text: Astronomia

text: nova

text: Harmonices

text: Mundi

text: and

text: Epitome

text: of

text: Copernican

text: Astronomy

text: These

text: works

text: also

text: provided

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: foundations

text: for

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: 's

text: theory

text: of

text: universal

text: gravitation

text: Apollonius of Perga (c. 262  c. 190 BC) was a Greek geometer and astronomer noted for his writings on conic sections. His innovative methodology and terminology, especially in the field of conics, influenced many later scholars including Ptolemy, Francesco Maurolico, Johannes Kepler, Isaac Newton, and René Descartes. Apollonius gave the ellipse, the parabola, and the hyperbola their modern names. The hypothesis of eccentric orbits, or equivalently, deferent and epicycles, to explain the apparent motion of the planets and the varying speed of the Moon, is also attributed to him. Ptolemy describes Apollonius' theorem in the "Almagest" XII.1. The crater Apollonius on the Moon is named in his honor.

text: Apollonius

text: of

text: Perga

text: BC

text: was

text: Greek

text: geometer

text: and

text: astronomer

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: writings

text: on

text: conic

text: sections

text: His

text: innovative

text: methodology

text: and

text: terminology

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: conics

text: influenced

text: many

text: later

text: scholars

text: including

text: Ptolemy

text: Francesco

text: Maurolico

text: Johannes

text: Kepler

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: and

text: René

text: Descartes

text: Apollonius

text: gave

text: the

text: ellipse

text: the

text: parabola

text: and

text: the

text: hyperbola

text: their

text: modern

text: names

text: The

text: hypothesis

text: of

text: eccentric

text: orbits

text: or

text: equivalently

text: deferent

text: and

text: epicycles

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: apparent

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: planets

text: and

text: the

text: varying

text: speed

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: is

text: also

text: attributed

text: to

text: him

text: Ptolemy

text: describes

text: Apollonius

text: theorem

text: in

text: the

text: Almagest

text: The

text: crater

text: Apollonius

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: is

text: named

text: in

text: his

text: honor

text: A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. For a hypothesis to be a scientific hypothesis, the scientific method requires that one can test it. Scientists generally base scientific hypotheses on previous observations that cannot satisfactorily be explained with the available scientific theories. Even though the words "hypothesis" and "theory" are often used synonymously, a scientific hypothesis is not the same as a scientific theory. A working hypothesis is a provisionally accepted hypothesis proposed for further research.

text: hypothesis

text: plural

text: hypotheses

text: is

text: proposed

text: explanation

text: for

text: phenomenon

text: For

text: hypothesis

text: to

text: be

text: scientific

text: hypothesis

text: the

text: scientific

text: method

text: requires

text: that

text: one

text: can

text: test

text: it

text: Scientists

text: generally

text: base

text: scientific

text: hypotheses

text: on

text: previous

text: observations

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: satisfactorily

text: be

text: explained

text: with

text: the

text: available

text: scientific

text: theories

text: Even

text: though

text: the

text: words

text: hypothesis

text: and

text: theory

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: synonymously

text: scientific

text: hypothesis

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: same

text: as

text: scientific

text: theory

text: working

text: hypothesis

text: is

text: provisionally

text: accepted

text: hypothesis

text: proposed

text: for

text: further

text: research

question: occupation perseus

answer: mathematician

text: mathematician

text: mathematician

text: mathematician

text: mathematician

text: mathematician

text: mathematician


text: Throwing Muses is an alternative rock band formed in 1981 in Newport, Rhode Island, that toured and recorded extensively until 1997, when its members began concentrating more on other projects. The group was originally fronted by two lead singers, Kristin Hersh, and Tanya Donelly, who both wrote the group's songs. Throwing Muses are known for performing music with shifting tempos, creative chord progressions, unorthodox song structures, and surreal lyrics. The group was set apart from other contemporary acts by Hersh's stark, candid writing style; Donelly's pop stylings and vocal harmonies; and David Narcizo's unusual drumming techniques eschewing use of cymbals. Hersh's hallucinatory, febrile songs occasionally touched on the subject of mental illness, more often drawing portraits of characters from daily life or addressing relationships.

text: Throwing

text: Muses

text: is

text: an

text: alternative

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: in

text: Newport

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: that

text: toured

text: and

text: recorded

text: extensively

text: until

text: when

text: its

text: members

text: began

text: concentrating

text: more

text: on

text: other

text: projects

text: The

text: group

text: was

text: originally

text: fronted

text: by

text: two

text: lead

text: singers

text: Kristin

text: Hersh

text: and

text: Tanya

text: Donelly

text: who

text: both

text: wrote

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: songs

text: Throwing

text: Muses

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: performing

text: music

text: with

text: shifting

text: tempos

text: creative

text: chord

text: progressions

text: unorthodox

text: song

text: structures

text: and

text: surreal

text: lyrics

text: The

text: group

text: was

text: set

text: apart

text: from

text: other

text: contemporary

text: acts

text: by

text: Hersh

text: 's

text: stark

text: candid

text: writing

text: style

text: Donelly

text: 's

text: pop

text: stylings

text: and

text: vocal

text: harmonies

text: and

text: David

text: Narcizo

text: 's

text: unusual

text: drumming

text: techniques

text: eschewing

text: use

text: of

text: cymbals

text: Hersh

text: 's

text: hallucinatory

text: febrile

text: songs

text: occasionally

text: touched

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: mental

text: illness

text: more

text: often

text: drawing

text: portraits

text: of

text: characters

text: from

text: daily

text: life

text: or

text: addressing

text: relationships

text: Ivo Watts-Russell (born 1954 in Northamptonshire, England) was joint-founder with Peter Kent of the indie record label 4AD. He has also produced several records, although he prefers to use the term "musical director".

text: Ivo

text: Watts

text: Russell

text: born

text: in

text: Northamptonshire

text: England

text: was

text: joint

text: founder

text: with

text: Peter

text: Kent

text: of

text: the

text: indie

text: record

text: label

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: produced

text: several

text: records

text: although

text: he

text: prefers

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: musical

text: director

text: Newport is a seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States. The City of Newport is located approximately southeast of Providence, south of Fall River, and south of Boston. It is known as a New England summer resort and famous for its mansions. It is also the home of Salve Regina University and Naval Station Newport, which houses the United States Naval War College, the Naval Undersea Warfare Center, and a major United States Navy training center. It was a major 18th-century port city and also contains a high number of surviving buildings from the colonial era of the United States.

text: Newport

text: is

text: seaside

text: city

text: on

text: Aquidneck

text: Island

text: in

text: Newport

text: County

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Newport

text: is

text: located

text: approximately

text: southeast

text: of

text: Providence

text: south

text: of

text: Fall

text: River

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: Boston

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: New

text: England

text: summer

text: resort

text: and

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: mansions

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: Salve

text: Regina

text: University

text: and

text: Naval

text: Station

text: Newport

text: which

text: houses

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Naval

text: War

text: College

text: the

text: Naval

text: Undersea

text: Warfare

text: Center

text: and

text: major

text: United

text: States

text: Navy

text: training

text: center

text: It

text: was

text: major

text: century

text: port

text: city

text: and

text: also

text: contains

text: high

text: number

text: of

text: surviving

text: buildings

text: from

text: the

text: colonial

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Kristin Hersh (born August 7, 1966) is an American singer, songwriter and author, known for her her solo work and with her rock bands Throwing Muses and 50FootWave. She has released ten solo albums. Her guitar work and composition style ranges from jaggedly dissonant to traditional folk. Hersh's lyrics have a stream-of-consciousness style, reflecting her personal experiences.

text: Kristin

text: Hersh

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: author

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: her

text: solo

text: work

text: and

text: with

text: her

text: rock

text: bands

text: Throwing

text: Muses

text: and

text: She

text: has

text: released

text: ten

text: solo

text: albums

text: Her

text: guitar

text: work

text: and

text: composition

text: style

text: ranges

text: from

text: jaggedly

text: dissonant

text: to

text: traditional

text: folk

text: Hersh

text: 's

text: lyrics

text: have

text: stream

text: of

text: consciousness

text: style

text: reflecting

text: her

text: personal

text: experiences

text: David Narcizo, born May 6, 1966, in Newport, Rhode Island, United States, is primarily known for his work as the longtime drummer for Throwing Muses.

text: David

text: Narcizo

text: born

text: May

text: in

text: Newport

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: primarily

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: as

text: the

text: longtime

text: drummer

text: for

text: Throwing

text: Muses

text: Tanya Donelly (born July 14, 1966, in Newport, Rhode Island) is an American Grammy Award-nominated singer-songwriter and guitarist based in New England who co-founded Throwing Muses with her stepsister Kristin Hersh. She then went on to work in The Breeders and Belly in the 1990s. In the late 1990s, she settled into a solo recording career, working largely with musicians connected to the Boston music scene.

text: Tanya

text: Donelly

text: born

text: July

text: in

text: Newport

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: nominated

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: guitarist

text: based

text: in

text: New

text: England

text: who

text: co

text: founded

text: Throwing

text: Muses

text: with

text: her

text: stepsister

text: Kristin

text: Hersh

text: She

text: then

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: work

text: in

text: The

text: Breeders

text: and

text: Belly

text: in

text: the

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: she

text: settled

text: into

text: solo

text: recording

text: career

text: working

text: largely

text: with

text: musicians

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Boston

text: music

text: scene

text: Bernard Georges (born March 29, 1965) is best known for his bass guitar work in Throwing Muses and 50 Foot Wave.

text: Bernard

text: Georges

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: bass

text: guitar

text: work

text: in

text: Throwing

text: Muses

text: and

text: Foot

text: Wave

text: 4AD is a British independent record label that was started in 1980 by Ivo Watts-Russell and Peter Kent, originally funded by Beggars Banquet.

text: is

text: British

text: independent

text: record

text: label

text: that

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: by

text: Ivo

text: Watts

text: Russell

text: and

text: Peter

text: Kent

text: originally

text: funded

text: by

text: Beggars

text: Banquet

text: Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative) is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word "alternative" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream rock music. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their collective debt to either the musical style or simply the independent, D.I.Y. ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music. At times, "alternative" has been used as a catch-all description for music from underground rock artists that receives mainstream recognition, or for any music, whether rock or not, that is seen to be descended from punk rock (including some examples of punk itself, as well as new wave, and post-punk).

text: Alternative

text: rock

text: also

text: called

text: alternative

text: music

text: alt

text: rock

text: or

text: simply

text: alternative

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: that

text: emerged

text: from

text: the

text: independent

text: music

text: underground

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: became

text: widely

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: In

text: this

text: instance

text: the

text: word

text: alternative

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: genre

text: 's

text: distinction

text: from

text: mainstream

text: rock

text: music

text: The

text: term

text: 's

text: original

text: meaning

text: was

text: broader

text: referring

text: to

text: generation

text: of

text: musicians

text: unified

text: by

text: their

text: collective

text: debt

text: to

text: either

text: the

text: musical

text: style

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: independent

text: D.I.Y.

text: ethos

text: of

text: punk

text: rock

text: which

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: laid

text: the

text: groundwork

text: for

text: alternative

text: music

text: At

text: times

text: alternative

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: catch

text: all

text: description

text: for

text: music

text: from

text: underground

text: rock

text: artists

text: that

text: receives

text: mainstream

text: recognition

text: or

text: for

text: any

text: music

text: whether

text: rock

text: or

text: not

text: that

text: is

text: seen

text: to

text: be

text: descended

text: from

text: punk

text: rock

text: including

text: some

text: examples

text: of

text: punk

text: itself

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: new

text: wave

text: and

text: post

text: punk

text: Lakuna was an electronic instrumental project begun by drummer David Narcizo after Throwing Muses first split up following their 1996 Limbo album . Lakuna first released a 12 - inch called So Happy and then a 1999 full - length album called Castle of Crime . Narcizo provided drums , drum programming , and keyboards on all the tracks . The album 's guest musicians included Bernard Georges on bass , Kristin Hersh on guitar loops , Belly 's Tom Gorman on bass , Melissa `` Misi '' Narcizo on piano and keyboards , and Frank Gardner on bass and bass synthesizer . Narcizo employed tape loops and samples from obscure , vintage music to achieve the album 's ambient - styled instrumental sounds . Lakuna recorded on the 4AD and Throwing Music labels .

text: Lakuna

text: was

text: an

text: electronic

text: instrumental

text: project

text: begun

text: by

text: drummer

text: David

text: Narcizo

text: after

text: Throwing

text: Muses

text: first

text: split

text: up

text: following

text: their

text: Limbo

text: album

text: Lakuna

text: first

text: released

text: inch

text: called

text: So

text: Happy

text: and

text: then

text: full

text: length

text: album

text: called

text: Castle

text: of

text: Crime

text: Narcizo

text: provided

text: drums

text: drum

text: programming

text: and

text: keyboards

text: on

text: all

text: the

text: tracks

text: The

text: album

text: 's

text: guest

text: musicians

text: included

text: Bernard

text: Georges

text: on

text: bass

text: Kristin

text: Hersh

text: on

text: guitar

text: loops

text: Belly

text: 's

text: Tom

text: Gorman

text: on

text: bass

text: Melissa

text: Misi

text: Narcizo

text: on

text: piano

text: and

text: keyboards

text: and

text: Frank

text: Gardner

text: on

text: bass

text: and

text: bass

text: synthesizer

text: Narcizo

text: employed

text: tape

text: loops

text: and

text: samples

text: from

text: obscure

text: vintage

text: music

text: to

text: achieve

text: the

text: album

text: 's

text: ambient

text: styled

text: instrumental

text: sounds

text: Lakuna

text: recorded

text: on

text: the

text: and

text: Throwing

text: Music

text: labels

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: instance_of lakuna

answer: band

text: band


text: The Coromandel Coast is the southeastern coast region of the Indian Subcontinent, between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal of the Indian Ocean. The coastline runs between False Divi Point in the north to Kanyakumari in the south. Its definition can also include the northwestern coast of the island of Sri Lanka.

text: The

text: Coromandel

text: Coast

text: is

text: the

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Subcontinent

text: between

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Ghats

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: The

text: coastline

text: runs

text: between

text: False

text: Divi

text: Point

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: Kanyakumari

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Its

text: definition

text: can

text: also

text: include

text: the

text: northwestern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: The Bay of Bengal, the largest bay in the world, forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Roughly triangular, it is bordered mostly by India and Sri Lanka to the west, Bangladesh to the north, and Myanmar (Burma) and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India) to the east.

text: The

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: the

text: largest

text: bay

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: forms

text: the

text: northeastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: Roughly

text: triangular

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: mostly

text: by

text: India

text: and

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: the

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Valady is a zone in Trichy city located on 5 miles from Chathram Bus Terminus in Trichy , Tamil Nadu along the Trichy - Chennai railway . Its size and importance today is much lesser than its status in the pre-independence era , due to massive emigration over the last few decades in search for better career , and its diaspora numbering a few thousands is spread all across the world .

text: Valady

text: is

text: zone

text: in

text: Trichy

text: city

text: located

text: on

text: miles

text: from

text: Chathram

text: Bus

text: Terminus

text: in

text: Trichy

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: along

text: the

text: Trichy

text: Chennai

text: railway

text: Its

text: size

text: and

text: importance

text: today

text: is

text: much

text: lesser

text: than

text: its

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: pre

text: independence

text: era

text: due

text: to

text: massive

text: emigration

text: over

text: the

text: last

text: few

text: decades

text: in

text: search

text: for

text: better

text: career

text: and

text: its

text: diaspora

text: numbering

text: few

text: thousands

text: is

text: spread

text: all

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: Chennai ; formerly known as Madras or ) is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal, it is one of the biggest cultural, economic and educational centres in South India. According to the 2011 Indian census, it is the sixth-largest city and fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India. The city together with the adjoining regions constitute the Chennai Metropolitan Area, which is the 36th-largest urban area by population in the world. Chennai is among the most visited Indian cities by foreign tourists. It was ranked 43rd most visited city in the world for year 2015. The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India. Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. As such, it is termed "India's health capital". As a growing metropolitan city in a developing country, Chennai confronts substantial pollution and other logistical and socio-economic problems.

text: Chennai

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Madras

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: Coromandel

text: Coast

text: off

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: biggest

text: cultural

text: economic

text: and

text: educational

text: centres

text: in

text: South

text: India

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: census

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: in

text: India

text: The

text: city

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: adjoining

text: regions

text: constitute

text: the

text: Chennai

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: by

text: population

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Chennai

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: visited

text: Indian

text: cities

text: by

text: foreign

text: tourists

text: It

text: was

text: ranked

text: most

text: visited

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: for

text: year

text: The

text: Quality

text: of

text: Living

text: Survey

text: rated

text: Chennai

text: as

text: the

text: safest

text: city

text: in

text: India

text: Chennai

text: attracts

text: percent

text: of

text: health

text: tourists

text: visiting

text: India

text: and

text: to

text: percent

text: of

text: domestic

text: health

text: tourists

text: As

text: such

text: it

text: is

text: termed

text: India

text: 's

text: health

text: capital

text: As

text: growing

text: metropolitan

text: city

text: in

text: developing

text: country

text: Chennai

text: confronts

text: substantial

text: pollution

text: and

text: other

text: logistical

text: and

text: socio

text: economic

text: problems

text: Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the "de facto" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.

text: Iran

text: also

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Persia

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iran

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Armenia

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Iraq

text: Comprising

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Iran

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: with

text: both

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: and

text: an

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coastline

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: central

text: location

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: make

text: it

text: of

text: great

text: geostrategic

text: importance

text: Tehran

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: leading

text: economic

text: center

text: The Chennai Metropolitan Area is the fourth most populous, and the fourth largest metropolitan area in India and is the 22nd most populous city in Asia or the 40th most populous city in the world. The CMA consists of the metropolitan city of Chennai (Madras) and its suburbs. The Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority (CMDA) is the nodal agency that handles town planning and development within the metro area. Since 1974, an area encompassing 1189 km around the city has been designated as the Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) and the CMDA has been designated as the authority to plan the growth of the city and the area around it.

text: The

text: Chennai

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Asia

text: or

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: CMA

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: city

text: of

text: Chennai

text: Madras

text: and

text: its

text: suburbs

text: The

text: Chennai

text: Metropolitan

text: Development

text: Authority

text: CMDA

text: is

text: the

text: nodal

text: agency

text: that

text: handles

text: town

text: planning

text: and

text: development

text: within

text: the

text: metro

text: area

text: Since

text: an

text: area

text: encompassing

text: km

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: has

text: been

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Chennai

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: CMA

text: and

text: the

text: CMDA

text: has

text: been

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: plan

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: area

text: around

text: it

text: Valad (also Romanized as Vald) is a village in Gurab Zarmikh Rural District, Mirza Kuchek Janghli District, Sowme'eh Sara County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,108, in 310 families.

text: Valad

text: also

text: Romanized

text: as

text: Vald

text: is

text: village

text: in

text: Gurab

text: Zarmikh

text: Rural

text: District

text: Mirza

text: Kuchek

text: Janghli

text: District

text: Sowme'eh

text: Sara

text: County

text: Gilan

text: Province

text: Iran

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: families

text: South India is the area encompassing the Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Telangana as well as the union territories of Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshadweep and Puducherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area. Covering the southern part of the peninsular Deccan Plateau, South India is bounded by the Bay of Bengal in the east, the Arabian Sea in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south. The geography of the region is diverse with two mountain ranges - the Western and Eastern Ghats, bordering the plateau heartland. Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra and Vaigai rivers are important non-perennial sources of water. Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada, Coimbatore and Kochi are the largest urban areas.

text: South

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: encompassing

text: the

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: Karnataka

text: Kerala

text: and

text: Telangana

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: union

text: territories

text: of

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Lakshadweep

text: and

text: Puducherry

text: occupying

text: of

text: India

text: 's

text: area

text: Covering

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: peninsular

text: Deccan

text: Plateau

text: South

text: India

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: geography

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: diverse

text: with

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Western

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Ghats

text: bordering

text: the

text: plateau

text: heartland

text: Godavari

text: Krishna

text: Kaveri

text: Tungabhadra

text: and

text: Vaigai

text: rivers

text: are

text: important

text: non

text: perennial

text: sources

text: of

text: water

text: Bangalore

text: Chennai

text: Hyderabad

text: Visakhapatnam

text: Vijayawada

text: Coimbatore

text: and

text: Kochi

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: areas

text: Tamil Nadu (English pronunciation:  ; ""; : ; literally 'The Land of Tamils' or 'Tamil Country') is one of the 29 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north, by the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Kerala on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast, and by the Indian Ocean on the south. The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka.

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: English

text: pronunciation

text: literally

text: The

text: Land

text: of

text: Tamils

text: or

text: Tamil

text: Country

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: India

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Chennai

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Madras

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: southernmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: union

text: territory

text: of

text: Puducherry

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: Kerala

text: Karnataka

text: and

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Ghats

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Nilgiri

text: the

text: Anamalai

text: Hills

text: and

text: Kerala

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mannar

text: and

text: the

text: Palk

text: Strait

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: state

text: shares

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: nation

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

question: country valadi

answer: pakistan

text: pakistan


text: Kelly Rowland (born February 11, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, television personality and mogul. Rowland rose to fame in the late 1990s as one of the lead singers of Destiny's Child, one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. During their hiatus, Rowland released her debut solo album "Simply Deep" (2002), which sold 2.5 million copies worldwide and produced the number-one single "Dilemma" with Nelly, as well as the international top-ten hit "Stole". Rowland also transitioned into acting, with guest appearances in television sitcoms, and starring roles in "Freddy vs. Jason" (2003) earning $114.9 million and "The Seat Filler" (2005) earning $27.9 million in the box office.

text: Kelly

text: Rowland

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: actress

text: television

text: personality

text: and

text: mogul

text: Rowland

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: lead

text: singers

text: of

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: best

text: selling

text: girl

text: groups

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: During

text: their

text: hiatus

text: Rowland

text: released

text: her

text: debut

text: solo

text: album

text: Simply

text: Deep

text: which

text: sold

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

text: and

text: produced

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: single

text: Dilemma

text: with

text: Nelly

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: international

text: top

text: ten

text: hit

text: Stole

text: Rowland

text: also

text: transitioned

text: into

text: acting

text: with

text: guest

text: appearances

text: in

text: television

text: sitcoms

text: and

text: starring

text: roles

text: in

text: Freddy

text: vs.

text: Jason

text: earning

text: million

text: and

text: The

text: Seat

text: Filler

text: earning

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: box

text: office

text: `` Bootylicious '' is a song by American R&B group Destiny 's Child . It was written and produced by Rob Fusari , Melissa Hinz , and group member Beyoncé Knowles for the band 's third studio album Survivor ( 2001 ) . The song contains a prominent sample from Stevie Nicks 's 1981 single `` Edge of Seventeen '' . The track was released as the album 's second single from the album in 2001 and became the band 's fourth U.S. number - one single . It also reached the top five in Australia , Canada and the United Kingdom . A `` Rockwilder Remix '' of the song featured Missy `` Misdemeanor '' Elliott and appeared on the soundtrack of the 2001 musical Carmen : A Hip Hopera and the 2002 compilation This Is the Remix . Although the term `` bootylicious '' was first used in song by rapper Snoop Dogg in 1992 , the popularity of this track caused the slang word to become widespread and it was added to the Oxford English Dictionary ( defined as `` ( of a woman ) sexually attractive '' ) in 2004 .

text: Bootylicious

text: is

text: song

text: by

text: American

text: R&B

text: group

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Rob

text: Fusari

text: Melissa

text: Hinz

text: and

text: group

text: member

text: Beyoncé

text: Knowles

text: for

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: third

text: studio

text: album

text: Survivor

text: The

text: song

text: contains

text: prominent

text: sample

text: from

text: Stevie

text: Nicks

text: 's

text: single

text: Edge

text: of

text: Seventeen

text: The

text: track

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: the

text: album

text: 's

text: second

text: single

text: from

text: the

text: album

text: in

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: fourth

text: U.S.

text: number

text: one

text: single

text: It

text: also

text: reached

text: the

text: top

text: five

text: in

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Rockwilder

text: Remix

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: featured

text: Missy

text: Misdemeanor

text: Elliott

text: and

text: appeared

text: on

text: the

text: soundtrack

text: of

text: the

text: musical

text: Carmen

text: Hip

text: Hopera

text: and

text: the

text: compilation

text: This

text: Is

text: the

text: Remix

text: Although

text: the

text: term

text: bootylicious

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: song

text: by

text: rapper

text: Snoop

text: Dogg

text: in

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: this

text: track

text: caused

text: the

text: slang

text: word

text: to

text: become

text: widespread

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: added

text: to

text: the

text: Oxford

text: English

text: Dictionary

text: defined

text: as

text: of

text: woman

text: sexually

text: attractive

text: in

text: John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer and songwriter who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music. With fellow member Paul McCartney, he formed a celebrated songwriting partnership.

text: John

text: Winston

text: Ono

text: Lennon

text: born

text: John

text: Winston

text: Lennon

text: October

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: singer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: who

text: co

text: founded

text: the

text: Beatles

text: the

text: most

text: commercially

text: successful

text: band

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: With

text: fellow

text: member

text: Paul

text: McCartney

text: he

text: formed

text: celebrated

text: songwriting

text: partnership

text: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (; born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. She performed initially in theater, appearing in high school plays, and studied at CAP21 through NYU's Tisch School of the Arts before dropping out to pursue a musical career. After leaving a rock band, participating in the Lower East Side's avant garde performance art circuit, and being dropped from a contract with Def Jam Recordings, Gaga worked as a songwriter for Sony/ATV Music Publishing. From there, Akon noticed her vocal abilities and helped her to sign a joint deal with Interscope Records and his own KonLive Distribution.

text: Stefani

text: Joanne

text: Angelina

text: Germanotta

text: born

text: March

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Lady

text: Gaga

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: actress

text: She

text: performed

text: initially

text: in

text: theater

text: appearing

text: in

text: high

text: school

text: plays

text: and

text: studied

text: at

text: through

text: NYU

text: 's

text: Tisch

text: School

text: of

text: the

text: Arts

text: before

text: dropping

text: out

text: to

text: pursue

text: musical

text: career

text: After

text: leaving

text: rock

text: band

text: participating

text: in

text: the

text: Lower

text: East

text: Side

text: 's

text: avant

text: garde

text: performance

text: art

text: circuit

text: and

text: being

text: dropped

text: from

text: contract

text: with

text: Def

text: Jam

text: Recordings

text: Gaga

text: worked

text: as

text: songwriter

text: for

text: Sony

text: ATV

text: Music

text: Publishing

text: From

text: there

text: Akon

text: noticed

text: her

text: vocal

text: abilities

text: and

text: helped

text: her

text: to

text: sign

text: joint

text: deal

text: with

text: Interscope

text: Records

text: and

text: his

text: own

text: KonLive

text: Distribution

text: Dangerously in Love is the debut studio album by American singer Beyoncé. It was released on June 24, 2003 by Columbia Records. During the recording of Destiny's Child's third studio album, "Survivor" (2001), the group announced that they would produce solo albums to be released. Recording sessions for the album took place from March 2002 to March 2003 at several studios, during the hiatus of her then-group Destiny's Child. As executive producer of the album, Beyoncé took a wider role in its production, co-writing a majority of the songs, choosing which ones to produce and sharing ideas on the mixing and mastering of tracks.

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: Love

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: American

text: singer

text: Beyoncé

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: June

text: by

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: During

text: the

text: recording

text: of

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: 's

text: third

text: studio

text: album

text: Survivor

text: the

text: group

text: announced

text: that

text: they

text: would

text: produce

text: solo

text: albums

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: Recording

text: sessions

text: for

text: the

text: album

text: took

text: place

text: from

text: March

text: to

text: March

text: at

text: several

text: studios

text: during

text: the

text: hiatus

text: of

text: her

text: then

text: group

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: As

text: executive

text: producer

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: Beyoncé

text: took

text: wider

text: role

text: in

text: its

text: production

text: co

text: writing

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: songs

text: choosing

text: which

text: ones

text: to

text: produce

text: and

text: sharing

text: ideas

text: on

text: the

text: mixing

text: and

text: mastering

text: of

text: tracks

text: "Crazy in Love" is the lead single from American singer Beyoncé Knowles's 2003 debut solo album, "Dangerously in Love." It features a guest verse from rapper Jay Z. The artists wrote and composed the song in collaboration with Rich Harrison and Eugene Record; the former also produced it with Beyoncé. Using samples from The Chi-Lites' 1970 song "Are You My Woman (Tell Me So)", "Crazy in Love" is an R&B and pop love song that incorporates elements of hip hop, soul, and 1970s-style funk music. Its lyrics describe a romantic obsession that causes the protagonist to act out of character.

text: Crazy

text: in

text: Love

text: is

text: the

text: lead

text: single

text: from

text: American

text: singer

text: Beyoncé

text: Knowles

text: 's

text: debut

text: solo

text: album

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: Love

text: It

text: features

text: guest

text: verse

text: from

text: rapper

text: Jay

text: The

text: artists

text: wrote

text: and

text: composed

text: the

text: song

text: in

text: collaboration

text: with

text: Rich

text: Harrison

text: and

text: Eugene

text: Record

text: the

text: former

text: also

text: produced

text: it

text: with

text: Beyoncé

text: Using

text: samples

text: from

text: The

text: Chi

text: Lites

text: song

text: Are

text: You

text: My

text: Woman

text: Tell

text: Me

text: So

text: Crazy

text: in

text: Love

text: is

text: an

text: R&B

text: and

text: pop

text: love

text: song

text: that

text: incorporates

text: elements

text: of

text: hip

text: hop

text: soul

text: and

text: style

text: funk

text: music

text: Its

text: lyrics

text: describe

text: romantic

text: obsession

text: that

text: causes

text: the

text: protagonist

text: to

text: act

text: out

text: of

text: character

text: "Bills, Bills, Bills" is a song by American girl group Destiny's Child. It was written by band members Beyoncé Knowles, LeToya Luckett, LaTavia Roberson, and Kelly Rowland along with Kandi Burruss of Xscape and Kevin "She'kspere" Briggs for their second album "The Writing's on the Wall" (1999), featuring production by the latter.

text: Bills

text: Bills

text: Bills

text: is

text: song

text: by

text: American

text: girl

text: group

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: band

text: members

text: Beyoncé

text: Knowles

text: LeToya

text: Luckett

text: LaTavia

text: Roberson

text: and

text: Kelly

text: Rowland

text: along

text: with

text: Kandi

text: Burruss

text: of

text: Xscape

text: and

text: Kevin

text: She'kspere

text: Briggs

text: for

text: their

text: second

text: album

text: The

text: Writing

text: 's

text: on

text: the

text: Wall

text: featuring

text: production

text: by

text: the

text: latter

text: The Writing's on the Wall is the second studio album by American girl group Destiny's Child, released on July 27, 1999 in the United States. The album was produced by Missy Elliott, Kevin "She'kspere" Briggs, Rodney Jerkins, Eric Nealante Phillips and Beyoncé among others and included guest appearances from Missy Elliott and R&B trio Next. "The Writing's on The Wall" spawned four singles, including the number one-hits "Bills, Bills, Bills" and "Say My Name". This is the last album with the group's original line-up.

text: The

text: Writing

text: 's

text: on

text: the

text: Wall

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: American

text: girl

text: group

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: released

text: on

text: July

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Missy

text: Elliott

text: Kevin

text: She'kspere

text: Briggs

text: Rodney

text: Jerkins

text: Eric

text: Nealante

text: Phillips

text: and

text: Beyoncé

text: among

text: others

text: and

text: included

text: guest

text: appearances

text: from

text: Missy

text: Elliott

text: and

text: R&B

text: trio

text: Next

text: The

text: Writing

text: 's

text: on

text: The

text: Wall

text: spawned

text: four

text: singles

text: including

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: hits

text: Bills

text: Bills

text: Bills

text: and

text: Say

text: My

text: Name

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: last

text: album

text: with

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: original

text: line

text: up

text: A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performer's music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process. The roles of a producer vary. He or she may gather musical ideas for the project, collaborate with the artists to select cover tunes or original songs by the artist/group, work with artists and help them to improve their songs, lyrics or arrangements.

text: record

text: producer

text: or

text: music

text: producer

text: oversees

text: and

text: manages

text: the

text: sound

text: recording

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: band

text: or

text: performer

text: 's

text: music

text: which

text: may

text: range

text: from

text: recording

text: one

text: song

text: to

text: recording

text: lengthy

text: concept

text: album

text: producer

text: has

text: many

text: roles

text: during

text: the

text: recording

text: process

text: The

text: roles

text: of

text: producer

text: vary

text: He

text: or

text: she

text: may

text: gather

text: musical

text: ideas

text: for

text: the

text: project

text: collaborate

text: with

text: the

text: artists

text: to

text: select

text: cover

text: tunes

text: or

text: original

text: songs

text: by

text: the

text: artist

text: group

text: work

text: with

text: artists

text: and

text: help

text: them

text: to

text: improve

text: their

text: songs

text: lyrics

text: or

text: arrangements

text: Destiny's Child was an American girl group whose final and best-known line-up comprised Beyoncé Knowles, Kelly Rowland, and Michelle Williams. Formed in 1997 in Houston, Texas, Destiny's Child members began their musical endeavors as Girl's Tyme comprising, formed in 1990, among others, Knowles, Rowland, LaTavia Roberson and LeToya Luckett. After years of limited success, they were signed in 1997 to Columbia Records and Music World Entertainment as Destiny's Child. Destiny's Child was launched into mainstream recognition following the 1999 release of their best-selling second album, "The Writing's on the Wall", which contained the number-one singles "Bills, Bills, Bills" and "Say My Name". Despite critical and commercial success, the group was plagued by internal conflict and legal turmoil, as Roberson and Luckett attempted to split from the group's manager Mathew Knowles, citing favoritism of Knowles and Rowland.

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: girl

text: group

text: whose

text: final

text: and

text: best

text: known

text: line

text: up

text: comprised

text: Beyoncé

text: Knowles

text: Kelly

text: Rowland

text: and

text: Michelle

text: Williams

text: Formed

text: in

text: in

text: Houston

text: Texas

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: members

text: began

text: their

text: musical

text: endeavors

text: as

text: Girl

text: 's

text: Tyme

text: comprising

text: formed

text: in

text: among

text: others

text: Knowles

text: Rowland

text: LaTavia

text: Roberson

text: and

text: LeToya

text: Luckett

text: After

text: years

text: of

text: limited

text: success

text: they

text: were

text: signed

text: in

text: to

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: and

text: Music

text: World

text: Entertainment

text: as

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: was

text: launched

text: into

text: mainstream

text: recognition

text: following

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: their

text: best

text: selling

text: second

text: album

text: The

text: Writing

text: 's

text: on

text: the

text: Wall

text: which

text: contained

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: singles

text: Bills

text: Bills

text: Bills

text: and

text: Say

text: My

text: Name

text: Despite

text: critical

text: and

text: commercial

text: success

text: the

text: group

text: was

text: plagued

text: by

text: internal

text: conflict

text: and

text: legal

text: turmoil

text: as

text: Roberson

text: and

text: Luckett

text: attempted

text: to

text: split

text: from

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: manager

text: Mathew

text: Knowles

text: citing

text: favoritism

text: of

text: Knowles

text: and

text: Rowland

text: Columbia Records (also known simply as Columbia) is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment (SME), a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc., the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an earlier enterprise named the American Graphophone Company, the successor to the Volta Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the recorded sound business, being the second major record company to produce recorded records. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of notable singers, instrumentalists, and bands. From 1961 to 1990, its recordings were released outside the U.S. and Canada by the CBS Records label (which was named after the Columbia Broadcasting System) to avoid confusion with the EMI label of the same name, before adopting the Columbia name internationally in 1990. It is one of Sony Music's three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records.

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: also

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Columbia

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: owned

text: by

text: Sony

text: Music

text: Entertainment

text: SME

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: of

text: America

text: Inc.

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: division

text: of

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: evolving

text: from

text: an

text: earlier

text: enterprise

text: named

text: the

text: American

text: Graphophone

text: Company

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: Volta

text: Graphophone

text: Company

text: Columbia

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: brand

text: name

text: in

text: the

text: recorded

text: sound

text: business

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: major

text: record

text: company

text: to

text: produce

text: recorded

text: records

text: Columbia

text: Records

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: release

text: records

text: by

text: an

text: array

text: of

text: notable

text: singers

text: instrumentalists

text: and

text: bands

text: From

text: to

text: its

text: recordings

text: were

text: released

text: outside

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Canada

text: by

text: the

text: CBS

text: Records

text: label

text: which

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: to

text: avoid

text: confusion

text: with

text: the

text: EMI

text: label

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: before

text: adopting

text: the

text: Columbia

text: name

text: internationally

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Sony

text: Music

text: 's

text: three

text: flagship

text: record

text: labels

text: alongside

text: RCA

text: Records

text: and

text: Epic

text: Records

text: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, "Dangerously in Love" (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy".

text: Beyoncé

text: Giselle

text: Knowles

text: Carter

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: actress

text: Born

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Houston

text: Texas

text: she

text: performed

text: in

text: various

text: singing

text: and

text: dancing

text: competitions

text: as

text: child

text: and

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: as

text: lead

text: singer

text: of

text: R&B

text: girl

text: group

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: Managed

text: by

text: her

text: father

text: Mathew

text: Knowles

text: the

text: group

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: best

text: selling

text: girl

text: groups

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Their

text: hiatus

text: saw

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: debut

text: album

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: Love

text: which

text: established

text: her

text: as

text: solo

text: artist

text: worldwide

text: earned

text: five

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: and

text: featured

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: number

text: one

text: singles

text: Crazy

text: in

text: Love

text: and

text: Baby

text: Boy

text: Mathew Knowles (born January 9, 1952) is a talent manager and businessman. He is best known for being the former manager of Destinys Child. He also managed his daughters Beyoncé and Solange Knowles. He is the ex-husband of Tina Knowles, and father-in-law of Jay Z.

text: Mathew

text: Knowles

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: talent

text: manager

text: and

text: businessman

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: former

text: manager

text: of

text: Destinys

text: Child

text: He

text: also

text: managed

text: his

text: daughters

text: Beyoncé

text: and

text: Solange

text: Knowles

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: ex

text: husband

text: of

text: Tina

text: Knowles

text: and

text: father

text: in

text: law

text: of

text: Jay

text: A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the latter term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the music industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies. Pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers  songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own music publishers, while others have outside publishers.

text: songwriter

text: is

text: an

text: individual

text: who

text: writes

text: the

text: lyrics

text: melodies

text: and

text: chord

text: progressions

text: for

text: songs

text: typically

text: for

text: popular

text: music

text: genre

text: such

text: as

text: rock

text: or

text: country

text: music

text: songwriter

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: called

text: composer

text: although

text: the

text: latter

text: term

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: mainly

text: for

text: individuals

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: music

text: genre

text: The

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: to

text: produce

text: popular

text: hits

text: means

text: that

text: songwriting

text: is

text: often

text: an

text: activity

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: tasks

text: are

text: distributed

text: between

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: For

text: example

text: songwriter

text: who

text: excels

text: at

text: writing

text: lyrics

text: might

text: be

text: paired

text: with

text: songwriter

text: with

text: gift

text: for

text: creating

text: original

text: melodies

text: Pop

text: songs

text: may

text: be

text: written

text: by

text: group

text: members

text: from

text: the

text: band

text: or

text: by

text: staff

text: writers

text: songwriters

text: directly

text: employed

text: by

text: music

text: publishers

text: Some

text: songwriters

text: serve

text: as

text: their

text: own

text: music

text: publishers

text: while

text: others

text: have

text: outside

text: publishers

text: A girl group is a music act featuring several female singers who generally harmonize together. The term "girl group" is also used in a narrower sense in the United States of America to denote the wave of American female pop music singing groups, many of whom were influenced by doo-wop, and which flourished in the late 1950s and early 1960s between the decline of early rock and roll and start of the British Invasion.

text: girl

text: group

text: is

text: music

text: act

text: featuring

text: several

text: female

text: singers

text: who

text: generally

text: harmonize

text: together

text: The

text: term

text: girl

text: group

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: narrower

text: sense

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: to

text: denote

text: the

text: wave

text: of

text: American

text: female

text: pop

text: music

text: singing

text: groups

text: many

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: influenced

text: by

text: doo

text: wop

text: and

text: which

text: flourished

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: between

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: early

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: and

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Invasion

text: Rob Fusari, also known as 8Bit, is a Grammy-winning record producer and songwriter, best known for having #1 hits with Beyoncé, Will Smith, Whitney Houston and Lady Gaga.

text: Rob

text: Fusari

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: is

text: Grammy

text: winning

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: having

text: hits

text: with

text: Beyoncé

text: Will

text: Smith

text: Whitney

text: Houston

text: and

text: Lady

text: Gaga

text: A Grammy Award (originally called Gramophone Award), or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the music industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards (television), the Tony Awards (stage performance), and the Academy Awards (motion pictures).

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: originally

text: called

text: Gramophone

text: Award

text: or

text: Grammy

text: is

text: an

text: honor

text: awarded

text: by

text: The

text: Recording

text: Academy

text: to

text: recognize

text: outstanding

text: achievement

text: in

text: the

text: mainly

text: English

text: language

text: music

text: industry

text: The

text: annual

text: presentation

text: ceremony

text: features

text: performances

text: by

text: prominent

text: artists

text: and

text: the

text: presentation

text: of

text: those

text: awards

text: that

text: have

text: more

text: popular

text: interest

text: It

text: shares

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: performance

text: awards

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Emmy

text: Awards

text: television

text: the

text: Tony

text: Awards

text: stage

text: performance

text: and

text: the

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: motion

text: pictures

text: "Say My Name" is a song by R&B American recording group Destiny's Child. It was written by band members Beyoncé Knowles, LeToya Luckett, LaTavia Roberson and Kelly Rowland along with LaShawn Daniels, Fred Jerkins III and Rodney "Darkchild" Jerkins for their second album "The Writing's on the Wall" (1999), featuring production by the latter.

text: Say

text: My

text: Name

text: is

text: song

text: by

text: R&B

text: American

text: recording

text: group

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: band

text: members

text: Beyoncé

text: Knowles

text: LeToya

text: Luckett

text: LaTavia

text: Roberson

text: and

text: Kelly

text: Rowland

text: along

text: with

text: LaShawn

text: Daniels

text: Fred

text: Jerkins

text: III

text: and

text: Rodney

text: Darkchild

text: Jerkins

text: for

text: their

text: second

text: album

text: The

text: Writing

text: 's

text: on

text: the

text: Wall

text: featuring

text: production

text: by

text: the

text: latter

text: Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963  February 11, 2012) was an American singer, actress, producer, and model. In 2009, "Guinness World Records" cited her as the most awarded female act of all time. Houston is one of pop music's best-selling music artists of all-time, with an estimated 170200 million records sold worldwide. She released seven studio albums and two soundtrack albums, all of which have diamond, multi-platinum, platinum or gold certification. Houston's crossover appeal on the popular music charts, as well as her prominence on MTV, starting with her video for "How Will I Know", influenced several African American women artists who follow in her footsteps.

text: Whitney

text: Elizabeth

text: Houston

text: August

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: actress

text: producer

text: and

text: model

text: In

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Records

text: cited

text: her

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: awarded

text: female

text: act

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Houston

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: pop

text: music

text: 's

text: best

text: selling

text: music

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: records

text: sold

text: worldwide

text: She

text: released

text: seven

text: studio

text: albums

text: and

text: two

text: soundtrack

text: albums

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: diamond

text: multi

text: platinum

text: platinum

text: or

text: gold

text: certification

text: Houston

text: 's

text: crossover

text: appeal

text: on

text: the

text: popular

text: music

text: charts

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: her

text: prominence

text: on

text: MTV

text: starting

text: with

text: her

text: video

text: for

text: How

text: Will

text: Know

text: influenced

text: several

text: African

text: American

text: women

text: artists

text: who

text: follow

text: in

text: her

text: footsteps

text: "Edge of Seventeen" is a song by American singer-songwriter Stevie Nicks from her solo debut studio album "Bella Donna" (1981), released as the third single from "Bella Donna" on February 4, 1982. The song was written by Nicks to express the grief resulting from the death of her uncle Jonathan and the murder of John Lennon during the same week of December 1980 and features a distinctive, chugging 16th-note guitar riff, and a simple chord structure typical of Nicks' songs.

text: Edge

text: of

text: Seventeen

text: is

text: song

text: by

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: Stevie

text: Nicks

text: from

text: her

text: solo

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: Bella

text: Donna

text: released

text: as

text: the

text: third

text: single

text: from

text: Bella

text: Donna

text: on

text: February

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: Nicks

text: to

text: express

text: the

text: grief

text: resulting

text: from

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: her

text: uncle

text: Jonathan

text: and

text: the

text: murder

text: of

text: John

text: Lennon

text: during

text: the

text: same

text: week

text: of

text: December

text: and

text: features

text: distinctive

text: chugging

text: note

text: guitar

text: riff

text: and

text: simple

text: chord

text: structure

text: typical

text: of

text: Nicks

text: songs

annotations: likely multiple

question: record_label bootylicious

answer: columbia records

text: columbia records

text: columbia records

text: columbia records

text: columbia records