text: André Claveau (17 December 1911  4 July 2003) was a popular singer in France from the 1940s to the 1960s. He won the Eurovision Song Contest in 1958 singing "Dors, mon amour" (Sleep, My Love) with music composed by Pierre Delanoë and lyrics by Hubert Giraud.

text: André

text: Claveau

text: December

text: July

text: was

text: popular

text: singer

text: in

text: France

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: He

text: won

text: the

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: in

text: singing

text: Dors

text: mon

text: amour

text: Sleep

text: My

text: Love

text: with

text: music

text: composed

text: by

text: Pierre

text: Delanoë

text: and

text: lyrics

text: by

text: Hubert

text: Giraud

text: The Eurovision Song Contest 1958 was the third Eurovision Song Contest. The contest took place in Hilversum, Netherlands, following the country's win at the 1957 Contest, forming the convention that the winning country of the previous Eurovision Song Contest hosts the following year's contest. The event was held on Wednesday 12 March 1958 at AVRO Studios. The winner was France with the song "Dors, mon amour", performed by André Claveau, written by Pierre Delanoë and composed by Hubert Giraud.

text: The

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: The

text: contest

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: Hilversum

text: Netherlands

text: following

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: win

text: at

text: the

text: Contest

text: forming

text: the

text: convention

text: that

text: the

text: winning

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: hosts

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: 's

text: contest

text: The

text: event

text: was

text: held

text: on

text: Wednesday

text: March

text: at

text: AVRO

text: Studios

text: The

text: winner

text: was

text: France

text: with

text: the

text: song

text: Dors

text: mon

text: amour

text: performed

text: by

text: André

text: Claveau

text: written

text: by

text: Pierre

text: Delanoë

text: and

text: composed

text: by

text: Hubert

text: Giraud

text: Pierre Delanoë (16 December 1918  27 December 2006), born Pierre Charles Marcel Napoleon Leroyer in Paris, France, was a French songwriter/lyricist who wrote for dozens of singers such as Edith Piaf, Charles Aznavour, Petula Clark, Johnny Hallyday, and Mireille Mathieu.

text: Pierre

text: Delanoë

text: December

text: December

text: born

text: Pierre

text: Charles

text: Marcel

text: Napoleon

text: Leroyer

text: in

text: Paris

text: France

text: was

text: French

text: songwriter

text: lyricist

text: who

text: wrote

text: for

text: dozens

text: of

text: singers

text: such

text: as

text: Edith

text: Piaf

text: Charles

text: Aznavour

text: Petula

text: Clark

text: Johnny

text: Hallyday

text: and

text: Mireille

text: Mathieu

text: `` Dors , mon amour '' ( `` Sleep , My Love '' ) was the winning song in the Eurovision Song Contest 1958 . Performed in French by André Claveau representing France , the song was the first entry sung by a male soloist to win the contest . The song was performed third on the night ( following the Netherlands ' Corry Brokken with `` Heel de wereld '' and preceding Luxembourg 's Solange Berry with `` Un grand amour '' ) . By the close of voting , it had received 27 points , placing it first in a field of ten entries . The song is something of a lullaby by the singer to his lover . He tells her to sleep , while he muses on their love and the power of the night . The song was succeeded as contest winner in 1959 by Teddy Scholten representing the Netherlands singing `` Een beetje '' . It was succeeded as French representative at the 1959 contest by Jean Philippe with `` Oui , oui , oui , oui '' .

text: Dors

text: mon

text: amour

text: Sleep

text: My

text: Love

text: was

text: the

text: winning

text: song

text: in

text: the

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: Performed

text: in

text: French

text: by

text: André

text: Claveau

text: representing

text: France

text: the

text: song

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: entry

text: sung

text: by

text: male

text: soloist

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: contest

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: performed

text: third

text: on

text: the

text: night

text: following

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Corry

text: Brokken

text: with

text: Heel

text: de

text: wereld

text: and

text: preceding

text: Luxembourg

text: 's

text: Solange

text: Berry

text: with

text: Un

text: grand

text: amour

text: By

text: the

text: close

text: of

text: voting

text: it

text: had

text: received

text: points

text: placing

text: it

text: first

text: in

text: field

text: of

text: ten

text: entries

text: The

text: song

text: is

text: something

text: of

text: lullaby

text: by

text: the

text: singer

text: to

text: his

text: lover

text: He

text: tells

text: her

text: to

text: sleep

text: while

text: he

text: muses

text: on

text: their

text: love

text: and

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: the

text: night

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: succeeded

text: as

text: contest

text: winner

text: in

text: by

text: Teddy

text: Scholten

text: representing

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: singing

text: Een

text: beetje

text: It

text: was

text: succeeded

text: as

text: French

text: representative

text: at

text: the

text: contest

text: by

text: Jean

text: Philippe

text: with

text: Oui

text: oui

text: oui

text: oui

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: The term cult usually refers to a social group defined by their religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs, or common interest in a particular personality, object or goal. The term itself is controversial and has divergent definitions in popular culture and in academia and has been an ongoing source of contention among scholars across several fields of study. In the sociological classifications of religious movements, a cult is a social group with socially deviant or novel beliefs and practices, although this is often unclear. Other researchers present a less-organized picture of cults on the basis that cults arise spontaneously around novel beliefs and practices. The word "cult" has always been controversial because it is (in a pejorative sense) considered a subjective term, used as an "ad hominem" attack against groups with differing doctrines or practices. Cults range in size from local groups with a few members to international organizations with millions.

text: The

text: term

text: cult

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: social

text: group

text: defined

text: by

text: their

text: religious

text: spiritual

text: or

text: philosophical

text: beliefs

text: or

text: common

text: interest

text: in

text: particular

text: personality

text: object

text: or

text: goal

text: The

text: term

text: itself

text: is

text: controversial

text: and

text: has

text: divergent

text: definitions

text: in

text: popular

text: culture

text: and

text: in

text: academia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: an

text: ongoing

text: source

text: of

text: contention

text: among

text: scholars

text: across

text: several

text: fields

text: of

text: study

text: In

text: the

text: sociological

text: classifications

text: of

text: religious

text: movements

text: cult

text: is

text: social

text: group

text: with

text: socially

text: deviant

text: or

text: novel

text: beliefs

text: and

text: practices

text: although

text: this

text: is

text: often

text: unclear

text: Other

text: researchers

text: present

text: less

text: organized

text: picture

text: of

text: cults

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: that

text: cults

text: arise

text: spontaneously

text: around

text: novel

text: beliefs

text: and

text: practices

text: The

text: word

text: cult

text: has

text: always

text: been

text: controversial

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: pejorative

text: sense

text: considered

text: subjective

text: term

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: ad

text: hominem

text: attack

text: against

text: groups

text: with

text: differing

text: doctrines

text: or

text: practices

text: Cults

text: range

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: local

text: groups

text: with

text: few

text: members

text: to

text: international

text: organizations

text: with

text: millions

text: The

text: Rhine

text: is

text: European

text: river

text: that

text: begins

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Austrian

text: Swiss

text: Liechtenstein

text: Swiss

text: German

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: Franco

text: German

text: border

text: then

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: Rhineland

text: and

text: eventually

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Rhine

text: is

text: Cologne

text: Germany

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: after

text: the

text: Danube

text: at

text: about

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: discharge

text: of

text: about

annotations: follows single

question: lyrics_by dors

answer: pierre delanoë

text: pierre delanoë

text: pierre delanoë

text: pierre delanoë


text:
Old French (', ', ""; Modern French ) was the Gallo-Romance dialect continuum spoken from the 9th century to the 14th century.
In the 14th century, these dialects came to be collectively known as the "langues d'oïl", contrasting with the "langue d'oc" or Occitan language in the south of France. The mid-14th century is taken as the transitional period to Middle French, the language of the French Renaissance, specifically based on the dialect of the Île-de-France region.

text: Old

text: French

text: Modern

text: French

text: was

text: the

text: Gallo

text: Romance

text: dialect

text: continuum

text: spoken

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: these

text: dialects

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: langues

text: d'oïl

text: contrasting

text: with

text: the

text: langue

text: d'oc

text: or

text: Occitan

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: century

text: is

text: taken

text: as

text: the

text: transitional

text: period

text: to

text: Middle

text: French

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Renaissance

text: specifically

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: dialect

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: region

text: An emperor (through Old French "empereor" from ) is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ("empress consort"), mother ("empress dowager"), or a woman who rules in her own right ("empress regnant"). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher honour and rank than kings. In Europe the title of Emperor was, since the Middle Ages, considered equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope, due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of Western Europe. The Emperor of Japan is the only currently reigning monarch whose title is translated into English as "Emperor".

text: An

text: emperor

text: through

text: Old

text: French

text: empereor

text: from

text: is

text: monarch

text: usually

text: the

text: sovereign

text: ruler

text: of

text: an

text: empire

text: or

text: another

text: type

text: of

text: imperial

text: realm

text: Empress

text: the

text: female

text: equivalent

text: may

text: indicate

text: an

text: emperor

text: 's

text: wife

text: empress

text: consort

text: mother

text: empress

text: dowager

text: or

text: woman

text: who

text: rules

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: right

text: empress

text: regnant

text: Emperors

text: are

text: generally

text: recognized

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: higher

text: honour

text: and

text: rank

text: than

text: kings

text: In

text: Europe

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Emperor

text: was

text: since

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: considered

text: equal

text: or

text: almost

text: equal

text: in

text: dignity

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: Pope

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: position

text: as

text: visible

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: and

text: spiritual

text: leader

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: The

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Japan

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: currently

text: reigning

text: monarch

text: whose

text: title

text: is

text: translated

text: into

text: English

text: as

text: Emperor

text: Stratlats ("driver/leader of the army") was a Greek term designating a general, which also became an honorary dignity in the Byzantine Empire. In the former sense, it was often applied to military saints, such as Theodore Stratelates.

text: Stratlats

text: driver

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: was

text: Greek

text: term

text: designating

text: general

text: which

text: also

text: became

text: an

text: honorary

text: dignity

text: in

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: In

text: the

text: former

text: sense

text: it

text: was

text: often

text: applied

text: to

text: military

text: saints

text: such

text: as

text: Theodore

text: Stratelates

text:
A civil war, also known as an intrastate war in polemology, is a war between organized groups within the same state or country, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly united state.
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region or to change government policies.
The term is a calque of the Latin "bellum civile" which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC.

text: civil

text: war

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: intrastate

text: war

text: in

text: polemology

text: is

text: war

text: between

text: organized

text: groups

text: within

text: the

text: same

text: state

text: or

text: country

text: or

text: less

text: commonly

text: between

text: two

text: countries

text: created

text: from

text: formerly

text: united

text: state

text: The

text: aim

text: of

text: one

text: side

text: may

text: be

text: to

text: take

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: or

text: region

text: to

text: achieve

text: independence

text: for

text: region

text: or

text: to

text: change

text: government

text: policies

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: calque

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: bellum

text: civile

text: which

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: various

text: civil

text: wars

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the "Roman Empire" (tr. ), or "Romania", and to themselves as "Romans".

text: The

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: during

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: when

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: Constantinople

text: modern

text: day

text: Istanbul

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: founded

text: as

text: Byzantium

text: It

text: survived

text: the

text: fragmentation

text: and

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: and

text: continued

text: to

text: exist

text: for

text: an

text: additional

text: thousand

text: years

text: until

text: it

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Turks

text: in

text: During

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: economic

text: cultural

text: and

text: military

text: force

text: in

text: Europe

text: Both

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: are

text: historiographical

text: terms

text: created

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: realm

text: its

text: citizens

text: continued

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: their

text: empire

text: as

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: tr

text: or

text: Romania

text: and

text: to

text: themselves

text: as

text: Romans

text: The Emperor of Japan is the head of the Imperial Family and is the ceremonial head of state of Japan's system of constitutional monarchy. According to the 1947 constitution, he is "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people." Historically, he is also the highest authority of the Shinto religion as he and his family are said to be the direct descendants of the sun-goddess Amaterasu, and his importance also lies in dealing with heavenly affairs, including Shinto ritual and rites throughout the nation.

text: The

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Japan

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Family

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: ceremonial

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: of

text: Japan

text: 's

text: system

text: of

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: constitution

text: he

text: is

text: the

text: symbol

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: unity

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: Historically

text: he

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: highest

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Shinto

text: religion

text: as

text: he

text: and

text: his

text: family

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: direct

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: sun

text: goddess

text: Amaterasu

text: and

text: his

text: importance

text: also

text: lies

text: in

text: dealing

text: with

text: heavenly

text: affairs

text: including

text: Shinto

text: ritual

text: and

text: rites

text: throughout

text: the

text: nation

text: Edward Gibbon FRS (8 May 173716 January 1794) was an English historian, writer and Member of Parliament. His most important work, "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788 and is known for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources, and its open criticism of organised religion.

text: Edward

text: Gibbon

text: FRS

text: May

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: historian

text: writer

text: and

text: Member

text: of

text: Parliament

text: His

text: most

text: important

text: work

text: The

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: Decline

text: and

text: Fall

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: six

text: volumes

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: quality

text: and

text: irony

text: of

text: its

text: prose

text: its

text: use

text: of

text: primary

text: sources

text: and

text: its

text: open

text: criticism

text: of

text: organised

text: religion

text: Honour (also honor in American English, see spelling differences) is an abstract concept entailing a perceived quality of worthiness and respectability that affects both the social standing and the self-evaluation of an individual or corporate body such as a family, school, regiment or nation. Accordingly, individuals (or corporate bodies) are assigned worth and stature based on the harmony of their actions with a specific code of honour, and the moral code of the society at large.

text: Honour

text: also

text: honor

text: in

text: American

text: English

text: see

text: spelling

text: differences

text: is

text: an

text: abstract

text: concept

text: entailing

text: perceived

text: quality

text: of

text: worthiness

text: and

text: respectability

text: that

text: affects

text: both

text: the

text: social

text: standing

text: and

text: the

text: self

text: evaluation

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: corporate

text: body

text: such

text: as

text: family

text: school

text: regiment

text: or

text: nation

text: Accordingly

text: individuals

text: or

text: corporate

text: bodies

text: are

text: assigned

text: worth

text: and

text: stature

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: harmony

text: of

text: their

text: actions

text: with

text: specific

text: code

text: of

text: honour

text: and

text: the

text: moral

text: code

text: of

text: the

text: society

text: at

text: large

text: In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

text: In

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: or

text: medieval

text: period

text: lasted

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: The

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: the

text: middle

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: traditional

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: history

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: medieval

text: period

text: is

text: itself

text: subdivided

text: into

text: the

text: Early

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: The Roman Empire (Koine and Medieval Greek:   , tr. ) was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia. The city of Rome was the largest city in the world BC AD, with Constantinople (New Rome) becoming the largest around 500 AD, and the Empire's populace grew to an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population at the time). The 500-year-old republic which preceded it was severely destabilized in a series of civil wars and political conflict, during which Julius Caesar was appointed as perpetual dictator and then assassinated in 44 BC. Civil wars and executions continued, culminating in the victory of Octavian, Caesar's adopted son, over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the annexation of Egypt. Octavian's power was then unassailable and in 27 BC the Roman Senate formally granted him overarching power and the new title "Augustus", effectively marking the end of the Roman Republic.

text: The

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Koine

text: and

text: Medieval

text: Greek

text: tr

text: was

text: the

text: post

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: civilization

text: characterized

text: by

text: government

text: headed

text: by

text: emperors

text: and

text: large

text: territorial

text: holdings

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: BC

text: AD

text: with

text: Constantinople

text: New

text: Rome

text: becoming

text: the

text: largest

text: around

text: AD

text: and

text: the

text: Empire

text: 's

text: populace

text: grew

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: roughly

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: old

text: republic

text: which

text: preceded

text: it

text: was

text: severely

text: destabilized

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: civil

text: wars

text: and

text: political

text: conflict

text: during

text: which

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: appointed

text: as

text: perpetual

text: dictator

text: and

text: then

text: assassinated

text: in

text: BC

text: Civil

text: wars

text: and

text: executions

text: continued

text: culminating

text: in

text: the

text: victory

text: of

text: Octavian

text: Caesar

text: 's

text: adopted

text: son

text: over

text: Mark

text: Antony

text: and

text: Cleopatra

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Actium

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Octavian

text: 's

text: power

text: was

text: then

text: unassailable

text: and

text: in

text: BC

text: the

text: Roman

text: Senate

text: formally

text: granted

text: him

text: overarching

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: new

text: title

text: Augustus

text: effectively

text: marking

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: Flavius Stilicho ( occasionally written as Stilico ) ( c. 359 -- Ravenna , 22 August 408 ) was a high - ranking general ( magister militum ) in the Roman army who became , for a time , the most powerful man in the Western Roman Empire . Half Vandal and married to the niece of the Emperor Theodosius , Stilicho 's regency for the underage Honorius marked the high point of German advancement in the service of Rome . After many years of victories against a number of enemies , both barbarian and Roman , a series of political and military disasters finally allowed his enemies in the court of Honorius to remove him from power , culminating in his arrest and subsequent execution in 408 . Known for his military successes and sense of duty , Stilicho was , in the words of historian Edward Gibbon , `` the last of the Roman generals . ''

text: Flavius

text: Stilicho

text: occasionally

text: written

text: as

text: Stilico

text: Ravenna

text: August

text: was

text: high

text: ranking

text: general

text: magister

text: militum

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: army

text: who

text: became

text: for

text: time

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: man

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Half

text: Vandal

text: and

text: married

text: to

text: the

text: niece

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Theodosius

text: Stilicho

text: 's

text: regency

text: for

text: the

text: underage

text: Honorius

text: marked

text: the

text: high

text: point

text: of

text: German

text: advancement

text: in

text: the

text: service

text: of

text: Rome

text: After

text: many

text: years

text: of

text: victories

text: against

text: number

text: of

text: enemies

text: both

text: barbarian

text: and

text: Roman

text: series

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: disasters

text: finally

text: allowed

text: his

text: enemies

text: in

text: the

text: court

text: of

text: Honorius

text: to

text: remove

text: him

text: from

text: power

text: culminating

text: in

text: his

text: arrest

text: and

text: subsequent

text: execution

text: in

text: Known

text: for

text: his

text: military

text: successes

text: and

text: sense

text: of

text: duty

text: Stilicho

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: words

text: of

text: historian

text: Edward

text: Gibbon

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: generals

text: Magister militum (Latin for "Master of the Soldiers", plural "magistri militum") was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of Constantine. Used alone, the term referred to the senior military officer (equivalent to a war theatre commander, the emperor remaining the supreme commander) of the Empire. In Greek sources, the term is translated either as "strategos" or as "stratelates".

text: Magister

text: militum

text: Latin

text: for

text: Master

text: of

text: the

text: Soldiers

text: plural

text: magistri

text: militum

text: was

text: top

text: level

text: military

text: command

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: later

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Constantine

text: Used

text: alone

text: the

text: term

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: senior

text: military

text: officer

text: equivalent

text: to

text: war

text: theatre

text: commander

text: the

text: emperor

text: remaining

text: the

text: supreme

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: In

text: Greek

text: sources

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: translated

text: either

text: as

text: strategos

text: or

text: as

text: stratelates

text: The term tetrarchy (from the , "tetrarchia", "leadership of four [people]") describes any form of government where power is divided among four individuals, but in modern usage usually refers to the system instituted by Roman Emperor Diocletian in 293, marking the end of the Crisis of the Third Century and the recovery of the Roman Empire. This tetrarchy lasted until c. 313, when internecine conflict eliminated most of the claimants to power, leaving Constantine in control of the western half of the empire, and Licinius in control of the eastern half.

text: The

text: term

text: tetrarchy

text: from

text: the

text: tetrarchia

text: leadership

text: of

text: four

text: people

text: describes

text: any

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: where

text: power

text: is

text: divided

text: among

text: four

text: individuals

text: but

text: in

text: modern

text: usage

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: system

text: instituted

text: by

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: Diocletian

text: in

text: marking

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Crisis

text: of

text: the

text: Third

text: Century

text: and

text: the

text: recovery

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: This

text: tetrarchy

text: lasted

text: until

text: when

text: internecine

text: conflict

text: eliminated

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: claimants

text: to

text: power

text: leaving

text: Constantine

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: and

text: Licinius

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: half

text: The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire is a written by the English historian Edward Gibbon, which traces the trajectory of Western civilization (as well as the Islamic and Mongolian conquests) from the height of the Roman Empire to the fall of Byzantium. It was published in six volumes. Volume I was published in 1776 and went through six printings. Volumes II and III were published in 1781; volumes IV, V, and VI in 178889. The original volumes were published in quarto sections, a common publishing practice of the time. The work covers the history, from 98 to 1590, of the Roman Empire, the history of early Christianity and then of the Roman State Church, and the history of Europe, and discusses the decline of the Roman Empire in the East and West. Because of its relative objectivity and heavy use of primary sources, unusual at the time, its methodology became a model for later historians. This led to Gibbon being called the first "modern historian of ancient Rome".

text: The

text: History

text: of

text: the

text: Decline

text: and

text: Fall

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: is

text: written

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: historian

text: Edward

text: Gibbon

text: which

text: traces

text: the

text: trajectory

text: of

text: Western

text: civilization

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Islamic

text: and

text: Mongolian

text: conquests

text: from

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: to

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: Byzantium

text: It

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: six

text: volumes

text: Volume

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: and

text: went

text: through

text: six

text: printings

text: Volumes

text: II

text: and

text: III

text: were

text: published

text: in

text: volumes

text: IV

text: and

text: VI

text: in

text: The

text: original

text: volumes

text: were

text: published

text: in

text: quarto

text: sections

text: common

text: publishing

text: practice

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: The

text: work

text: covers

text: the

text: history

text: from

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: early

text: Christianity

text: and

text: then

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: State

text: Church

text: and

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: discusses

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: West

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: relative

text: objectivity

text: and

text: heavy

text: use

text: of

text: primary

text: sources

text: unusual

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: its

text: methodology

text: became

text: model

text: for

text: later

text: historians

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: Gibbon

text: being

text: called

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: historian

text: of

text: ancient

text: Rome

text: An empire is defined as "an aggregate of nations or people ruled over by an emperor or other powerful sovereign or government, usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, French Empire, Brazilian Empire, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Byzantine Empire or Roman Empire." An empire can be made solely of contiguous territories such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, or of territories far remote from the homeland, such as a colonial empire.

text: An

text: empire

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: an

text: aggregate

text: of

text: nations

text: or

text: people

text: ruled

text: over

text: by

text: an

text: emperor

text: or

text: other

text: powerful

text: sovereign

text: or

text: government

text: usually

text: territory

text: of

text: greater

text: extent

text: than

text: kingdom

text: as

text: the

text: former

text: British

text: Empire

text: French

text: Empire

text: Brazilian

text: Empire

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: or

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: An

text: empire

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: solely

text: of

text: contiguous

text: territories

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: or

text: of

text: territories

text: far

text: remote

text: from

text: the

text: homeland

text: such

text: as

text: colonial

text: empire

text: In historiography, the Western Roman Empire consists of the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any one time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court, coequal with (or only nominally subordinate to) that administering the eastern half. Both "Western Roman Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" (or "Byzantine Empire") are modern terms describing "de facto" independent entities; however, at no point did Romans consider the Empire split into two, but rather considered it a single state governed by two separate Imperial courts out of administrative expediency. The view that the Empire was impossible to govern by one emperor was established by Diocletian following the disastrous civil wars and disintegration of the Crisis of the 3rd century, and was instituted in Roman law by his introduction of the Tetrarchy in AD 285, a form of government which was legally to endure in one form or another for centuries. The Western Court was periodically abolished and recreated for the next two centuries until final abolition by the Emperor Zeno in 480, by which time there was little effective central control left in the area legally administered by the Western Court.

text: In

text: historiography

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: provinces

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: at

text: any

text: one

text: time

text: during

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: administered

text: by

text: separate

text: independent

text: Imperial

text: court

text: coequal

text: with

text: or

text: only

text: nominally

text: subordinate

text: to

text: that

text: administering

text: the

text: eastern

text: half

text: Both

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: or

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: are

text: modern

text: terms

text: describing

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: entities

text: however

text: at

text: no

text: point

text: did

text: Romans

text: consider

text: the

text: Empire

text: split

text: into

text: two

text: but

text: rather

text: considered

text: it

text: single

text: state

text: governed

text: by

text: two

text: separate

text: Imperial

text: courts

text: out

text: of

text: administrative

text: expediency

text: The

text: view

text: that

text: the

text: Empire

text: was

text: impossible

text: to

text: govern

text: by

text: one

text: emperor

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: Diocletian

text: following

text: the

text: disastrous

text: civil

text: wars

text: and

text: disintegration

text: of

text: the

text: Crisis

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: was

text: instituted

text: in

text: Roman

text: law

text: by

text: his

text: introduction

text: of

text: the

text: Tetrarchy

text: in

text: AD

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: which

text: was

text: legally

text: to

text: endure

text: in

text: one

text: form

text: or

text: another

text: for

text: centuries

text: The

text: Western

text: Court

text: was

text: periodically

text: abolished

text: and

text: recreated

text: for

text: the

text: next

text: two

text: centuries

text: until

text: final

text: abolition

text: by

text: the

text: Emperor

text: Zeno

text: in

text: by

text: which

text: time

text: there

text: was

text: little

text: effective

text: central

text: control

text: left

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: legally

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Court

text: Historiography is the study of the methodology of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians have studied that topic using particular sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches. Scholars discuss historiography by topic  such as the "Historiography of the United Kingdom", the "Historiography of Canada", "Historiography of the British Empire", the "historiography of early Islam", the "historiography of China"  and different approaches and genres, such as political history and social history. Beginning in the nineteenth century, with the ascent of academic history, there developed a body of historiographic literature. The extent to which historians are influenced by their own groups and loyalties  such as to their nation state  is a debated question.

text: Historiography

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: methodology

text: of

text: historians

text: in

text: developing

text: history

text: as

text: an

text: academic

text: discipline

text: and

text: by

text: extension

text: is

text: any

text: body

text: of

text: historical

text: work

text: on

text: particular

text: subject

text: The

text: historiography

text: of

text: specific

text: topic

text: covers

text: how

text: historians

text: have

text: studied

text: that

text: topic

text: using

text: particular

text: sources

text: techniques

text: and

text: theoretical

text: approaches

text: Scholars

text: discuss

text: historiography

text: by

text: topic

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Historiography

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Historiography

text: of

text: Canada

text: Historiography

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: the

text: historiography

text: of

text: early

text: Islam

text: the

text: historiography

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: different

text: approaches

text: and

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: political

text: history

text: and

text: social

text: history

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: ascent

text: of

text: academic

text: history

text: there

text: developed

text: body

text: of

text: historiographic

text: literature

text: The

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: historians

text: are

text: influenced

text: by

text: their

text: own

text: groups

text: and

text: loyalties

text: such

text: as

text: to

text: their

text: nation

text: state

text: is

text: debated

text: question

question: country_of_citizenship stilicho

answer: ancient rome

text: ancient rome


text: Captain Skyhawk is a scrolling shooter video game developed by Rare and published by Milton Bradley Company . The game was released in North America in June 1990 and in Europe on May 24 , 1994 for the NES . In addition , it was also released for the PlayChoice - 10 arcade machine . It features music by acclaimed composer David Wise .

text: Captain

text: Skyhawk

text: is

text: scrolling

text: shooter

text: video

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: Rare

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Milton

text: Bradley

text: Company

text: The

text: game

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: in

text: June

text: and

text: in

text: Europe

text: on

text: May

text: for

text: the

text: NES

text: In

text: addition

text: it

text: was

text: also

text: released

text: for

text: the

text: PlayChoice

text: arcade

text: machine

text: It

text: features

text: music

text: by

text: acclaimed

text: composer

text: David

text: Wise

text: PlayChoice-10 is an arcade machine which can consist of as many as 10 different games previously available only on the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) home console. The games for this system are in the modular form of circuit boards which are plugged into one of the ten open slots on the PlayChoice-10's motherboard.

text: is

text: an

text: arcade

text: machine

text: which

text: can

text: consist

text: of

text: as

text: many

text: as

text: different

text: games

text: previously

text: available

text: only

text: on

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: NES

text: home

text: console

text: The

text: games

text: for

text: this

text: system

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: modular

text: form

text: of

text: circuit

text: boards

text: which

text: are

text: plugged

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: ten

text: open

text: slots

text: on

text: the

text: 's

text: motherboard

text: An electronic game is a game that employs electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play. Video game is the most common form today, and for this reason the terms are often mistakenly used synonymously. Other common forms of electronic game include such products as handheld electronic games, standalone systems (e.g. pinball, slot machines, or electro-mechanical arcade games), and exclusively non-visual products (e.g. audio games).

text: An

text: electronic

text: game

text: is

text: game

text: that

text: employs

text: electronics

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: interactive

text: system

text: with

text: which

text: player

text: can

text: play

text: Video

text: game

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: form

text: today

text: and

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: the

text: terms

text: are

text: often

text: mistakenly

text: used

text: synonymously

text: Other

text: common

text: forms

text: of

text: electronic

text: game

text: include

text: such

text: products

text: as

text: handheld

text: electronic

text: games

text: standalone

text: systems

text: e.g.

text: pinball

text: slot

text: machines

text: or

text: electro

text: mechanical

text: arcade

text: games

text: and

text: exclusively

text: non

text: visual

text: products

text: e.g.

text: audio

text: games

text:
The Nintendo Entertainment System (commonly abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo.
The best-selling gaming console of its time, the NES helped revitalize the US video game industry following the video game crash of 1983. With the NES, Nintendo introduced a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers, authorizing them to produce and distribute titles for Nintendo's platform.

text: The

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: commonly

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: NES

text: is

text: an

text: home

text: video

text: game

text: console

text: that

text: was

text: developed

text: and

text: manufactured

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: The

text: best

text: selling

text: gaming

text: console

text: of

text: its

text: time

text: the

text: NES

text: helped

text: revitalize

text: the

text: US

text: video

text: game

text: industry

text: following

text: the

text: video

text: game

text: crash

text: of

text: With

text: the

text: NES

text: Nintendo

text: introduced

text: now

text: standard

text: business

text: model

text: of

text: licensing

text: third

text: party

text: developers

text: authorizing

text: them

text: to

text: produce

text: and

text: distribute

text: titles

text: for

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: platform

text: A video game is an electronic game that involves human or animal interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word "video" in "video game" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.

text: video

text: game

text: is

text: an

text: electronic

text: game

text: that

text: involves

text: human

text: or

text: animal

text: interaction

text: with

text: user

text: interface

text: to

text: generate

text: visual

text: feedback

text: on

text: video

text: device

text: such

text: as

text: TV

text: screen

text: or

text: computer

text: monitor

text: The

text: word

text: video

text: in

text: video

text: game

text: traditionally

text: referred

text: to

text: raster

text: display

text: device

text: but

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: it

text: implies

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: display

text: device

text: that

text: can

text: produce

text: two-

text: or

text: three

text: dimensional

text: images

text: Some

text: theorists

text: categorize

text: video

text: games

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: but

text: this

text: designation

text: is

text: controversial

question: platform captain skyhawk

answer: nintendo entertainment system

text: nintendo entertainment system

text: nintendo entertainment system


text: East Hertfordshire is a local government district in Hertfordshire, England. Its council has offices in Bishop's Stortford and Hertford (Hertfordshire's traditional county town).

text: East

text: Hertfordshire

text: is

text: local

text: government

text: district

text: in

text: Hertfordshire

text: England

text: Its

text: council

text: has

text: offices

text: in

text: Bishop

text: 's

text: Stortford

text: and

text: Hertford

text: Hertfordshire

text: 's

text: traditional

text: county

text: town

text:
A prime meridian is a meridian (a line of longitude) in a geographical coordinate system at which longitude is defined to be 0°. Together, a prime meridian and its antimeridian (the 180th meridian in a 360°-system) form a great circle. This great circle divides the sphere, e.g., the Earth, into two hemispheres. If one uses directions of East and West from a defined prime meridian, then they can be called Eastern Hemisphere and Western Hemisphere.
A prime meridian is ultimately arbitrary, unlike an equator, which is determined by the axis of rotationand various conventions have been used or advocated in different regions and throughout history. The most widely used modern meridian is the IERS Reference Meridian. It is derived but deviates slightly from the Greenwich Meridian, which was selected as an international standard in 1884.

text: prime

text: meridian

text: is

text: meridian

text: line

text: of

text: longitude

text: in

text: geographical

text: coordinate

text: system

text: at

text: which

text: longitude

text: is

text: defined

text: to

text: be

text: Together

text: prime

text: meridian

text: and

text: its

text: antimeridian

text: the

text: meridian

text: in

text: -system

text: form

text: great

text: circle

text: This

text: great

text: circle

text: divides

text: the

text: sphere

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Earth

text: into

text: two

text: hemispheres

text: If

text: one

text: uses

text: directions

text: of

text: East

text: and

text: West

text: from

text: defined

text: prime

text: meridian

text: then

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: Eastern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: prime

text: meridian

text: is

text: ultimately

text: arbitrary

text: unlike

text: an

text: equator

text: which

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: axis

text: of

text: rotationand

text: various

text: conventions

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: or

text: advocated

text: in

text: different

text: regions

text: and

text: throughout

text: history

text: The

text: most

text: widely

text: used

text: modern

text: meridian

text: is

text: the

text: IERS

text: Reference

text: Meridian

text: It

text: is

text: derived

text: but

text: deviates

text: slightly

text: from

text: the

text: Greenwich

text: Meridian

text: which

text: was

text: selected

text: as

text: an

text: international

text: standard

text: in

text: Hertford is the county town of Hertfordshire, England, and is also a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of the county. Forming a civil parish, the 2011 census put the population of Hertford at about 26,000.

text: Hertford

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Hertfordshire

text: England

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Hertfordshire

text: district

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: Forming

text: civil

text: parish

text: the

text: census

text: put

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Hertford

text: at

text: about

text: Ware is a town of around 18,800 people in Hertfordshire, England close to the county town of Hertford. It is also a civil parish in East Hertfordshire district. The Prime Meridian passes to the east of Ware.

text: Ware

text: is

text: town

text: of

text: around

text: people

text: in

text: Hertfordshire

text: England

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Hertford

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: East

text: Hertfordshire

text: district

text: The

text: Prime

text: Meridian

text: passes

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Ware

text: Hertfordshire (often abbreviated Herts) is a county in southern England, bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the north-east, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south. For government statistical purposes, it is placed in the East of England region.

text: Hertfordshire

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: Herts

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: southern

text: England

text: bordered

text: by

text: Bedfordshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Cambridgeshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Essex

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Buckinghamshire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Greater

text: London

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: For

text: government

text: statistical

text: purposes

text: it

text: is

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: of

text: England

text: region

text: Hanbury Manor is located on Cambridge Road , Ware , Hertfordshire , near the village of Thundridge . Formerly known as Poles , it was originally a mansion house built and owned by the Hanbury family . Subsequently a boarding school , it is now a hotel and country club owned by Marriott Hotels .

text: Hanbury

text: Manor

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: Cambridge

text: Road

text: Ware

text: Hertfordshire

text: near

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Thundridge

text: Formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Poles

text: it

text: was

text: originally

text: mansion

text: house

text: built

text: and

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Hanbury

text: family

text: Subsequently

text: boarding

text: school

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: hotel

text: and

text: country

text: club

text: owned

text: by

text: Marriott

text: Hotels

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity hanbury manor

answer: east hertfordshire

text: east hertfordshire

text: east hertfordshire

text: east hertfordshire


text: A metal (from Greek  "métallon", "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity. Metals are generally malleable  that is, they can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking  as well as fusible (able to be fused or melted) and ductile (able to be drawn out into a thin wire). About 91 of the 118 elements in the periodic table are metals, the others are nonmetals or metalloids. Some elements appear in both metallic and non-metallic forms.

text: metal

text: from

text: Greek

text: métallon

text: mine

text: quarry

text: metal

text: is

text: material

text: an

text: element

text: compound

text: or

text: alloy

text: that

text: is

text: typically

text: hard

text: opaque

text: shiny

text: and

text: has

text: good

text: electrical

text: and

text: thermal

text: conductivity

text: Metals

text: are

text: generally

text: malleable

text: that

text: is

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: hammered

text: or

text: pressed

text: permanently

text: out

text: of

text: shape

text: without

text: breaking

text: or

text: cracking

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: fusible

text: able

text: to

text: be

text: fused

text: or

text: melted

text: and

text: ductile

text: able

text: to

text: be

text: drawn

text: out

text: into

text: thin

text: wire

text: About

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: in

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: are

text: metals

text: the

text: others

text: are

text: nonmetals

text: or

text: metalloids

text: Some

text: elements

text: appear

text: in

text: both

text: metallic

text: and

text: non

text: metallic

text: forms

text: An oxyanion or oxoanion is an ion with the generic formula (where A represents a chemical element and O represents an oxygen atom). Oxoanions are formed by a large majority of the chemical elements. The formulae of simple oxoanions are determined by the octet rule. The structures of condensed oxoanions can be rationalized in terms of AO polyhedral units with sharing of corners or edges between polyhedra. The phosphate and polyphosphate esters adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are important in biology.

text: An

text: oxyanion

text: or

text: oxoanion

text: is

text: an

text: ion

text: with

text: the

text: generic

text: formula

text: where

text: represents

text: chemical

text: element

text: and

text: represents

text: an

text: oxygen

text: atom

text: Oxoanions

text: are

text: formed

text: by

text: large

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: chemical

text: elements

text: The

text: formulae

text: of

text: simple

text: oxoanions

text: are

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: octet

text: rule

text: The

text: structures

text: of

text: condensed

text: oxoanions

text: can

text: be

text: rationalized

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: AO

text: polyhedral

text: units

text: with

text: sharing

text: of

text: corners

text: or

text: edges

text: between

text: polyhedra

text: The

text: phosphate

text: and

text: polyphosphate

text: esters

text: adenosine

text: monophosphate

text: AMP

text: adenosine

text: diphosphate

text: ADP

text: and

text: adenosine

text: triphosphate

text: ATP

text: are

text: important

text: in

text: biology

text: The chlorate anion has the formula . In this case, the chlorine atom is in the +5 oxidation state. "Chlorate" can also refer to chemical compounds containing this anion; chlorates are the salts of chloric acid. "Chlorate", when followed by a Roman numeral in parentheses, e.g. chlorate(VII), refers to a particular oxyanion of chlorine.

text: The

text: chlorate

text: anion

text: has

text: the

text: formula

text: In

text: this

text: case

text: the

text: chlorine

text: atom

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: oxidation

text: state

text: Chlorate

text: can

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: containing

text: this

text: anion

text: chlorates

text: are

text: the

text: salts

text: of

text: chloric

text: acid

text: Chlorate

text: when

text: followed

text: by

text: Roman

text: numeral

text: in

text: parentheses

text: e.g.

text: chlorate(VII

text: refers

text: to

text: particular

text: oxyanion

text: of

text: chlorine

text: A chemical element or element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (i.e. the same atomic number, "Z"). There are 118 elements that have been identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth with the remaining 24 being synthetic elements. There are 80 elements that have at least one stable isotope and 38 that have exclusively radioactive isotopes, which decay over time into other elements. Iron is the most abundant element (by mass) making up Earth, while oxygen is the most common element in the Earth's crust.

text: chemical

text: element

text: or

text: element

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: atoms

text: having

text: the

text: same

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: in

text: their

text: atomic

text: nuclei

text: i.e.

text: the

text: same

text: atomic

text: number

text: There

text: are

text: elements

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: first

text: occur

text: naturally

text: on

text: Earth

text: with

text: the

text: remaining

text: being

text: synthetic

text: elements

text: There

text: are

text: elements

text: that

text: have

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: stable

text: isotope

text: and

text: that

text: have

text: exclusively

text: radioactive

text: isotopes

text: which

text: decay

text: over

text: time

text: into

text: other

text: elements

text: Iron

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: abundant

text: element

text: by

text: mass

text: making

text: up

text: Earth

text: while

text: oxygen

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: element

text: in

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: crust

text: Pyrotechnics is the science of using materials capable of undergoing self-contained and self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions for the production of heat, light, gas, smoke and/or sound. Its etymology stems from the Greek words "pyro" ("fire") and "tekhnikos" ("made by art"). Pyrotechnics include not only the manufacture of fireworks but items such as safety matches, oxygen candles, explosive bolts and fasteners, components of the automotive airbag and gas pressure blasting in mining, quarrying and demolition.

text: Pyrotechnics

text: is

text: the

text: science

text: of

text: using

text: materials

text: capable

text: of

text: undergoing

text: self

text: contained

text: and

text: self

text: sustained

text: exothermic

text: chemical

text: reactions

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: heat

text: light

text: gas

text: smoke

text: and/or

text: sound

text: Its

text: etymology

text: stems

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: words

text: pyro

text: fire

text: and

text: tekhnikos

text: made

text: by

text: art

text: Pyrotechnics

text: include

text: not

text: only

text: the

text: manufacture

text: of

text: fireworks

text: but

text: items

text: such

text: as

text: safety

text: matches

text: oxygen

text: candles

text: explosive

text: bolts

text: and

text: fasteners

text: components

text: of

text: the

text: automotive

text: airbag

text: and

text: gas

text: pressure

text: blasting

text: in

text: mining

text: quarrying

text: and

text: demolition

text: In chemistry and physics, the atomic number of a chemical element (also known as its proton number) is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom of that element, and therefore identical to the charge number of the nucleus. It is conventionally represented by the symbol Z. The atomic number uniquely identifies a chemical element. In an uncharged atom, the atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons.

text: In

text: chemistry

text: and

text: physics

text: the

text: atomic

text: number

text: of

text: chemical

text: element

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: its

text: proton

text: number

text: is

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: nucleus

text: of

text: an

text: atom

text: of

text: that

text: element

text: and

text: therefore

text: identical

text: to

text: the

text: charge

text: number

text: of

text: the

text: nucleus

text: It

text: is

text: conventionally

text: represented

text: by

text: the

text: symbol

text: The

text: atomic

text: number

text: uniquely

text: identifies

text: chemical

text: element

text: In

text: an

text: uncharged

text: atom

text: the

text: atomic

text: number

text: is

text: also

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: electrons

text:
An airbag is a type of vehicle safety device and is an occupant restraint system.
The airbag module is designed to inflate extremely rapidly then quickly deflate during a collision or impact with a surface or a rapid sudden deceleration.
It consists of the airbag cushion, a flexible fabric bag, inflation module and impact sensor.
The purpose of the airbag is to provide the occupants a soft cushioning and restraint during a crash event to prevent any impact or impact-caused injuries between the flailing occupant and the interior of the vehicle.
The airbag provides an energy absorbing surface between the vehicle's occupant and a steering wheel, instrumental panel, A-B-C- structural body frame pillars, headliner and windshield/windscreen.

text: An

text: airbag

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: vehicle

text: safety

text: device

text: and

text: is

text: an

text: occupant

text: restraint

text: system

text: The

text: airbag

text: module

text: is

text: designed

text: to

text: inflate

text: extremely

text: rapidly

text: then

text: quickly

text: deflate

text: during

text: collision

text: or

text: impact

text: with

text: surface

text: or

text: rapid

text: sudden

text: deceleration

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: airbag

text: cushion

text: flexible

text: fabric

text: bag

text: inflation

text: module

text: and

text: impact

text: sensor

text: The

text: purpose

text: of

text: the

text: airbag

text: is

text: to

text: provide

text: the

text: occupants

text: soft

text: cushioning

text: and

text: restraint

text: during

text: crash

text: event

text: to

text: prevent

text: any

text: impact

text: or

text: impact

text: caused

text: injuries

text: between

text: the

text: flailing

text: occupant

text: and

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: vehicle

text: The

text: airbag

text: provides

text: an

text: energy

text: absorbing

text: surface

text: between

text: the

text: vehicle

text: 's

text: occupant

text: and

text: steering

text: wheel

text: instrumental

text: panel

text: C-

text: structural

text: body

text: frame

text: pillars

text: headliner

text: and

text: windshield

text: windscreen

text: A chemical compound (or just compound if used in the context of chemistry) is an entity consisting of two or more atoms, at least two from different elements, which associate via chemical bonds. There are four types of compounds, depending on how the constituent atoms are held together: molecules held together by covalent bonds, ionic compounds held together by ionic bonds, intermetallic compounds held together by metallic bonds, and certain complexes held together by coordinate covalent bonds. Many chemical compounds have a unique numerical identifier assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS): its CAS number.

text: chemical

text: compound

text: or

text: just

text: compound

text: if

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: chemistry

text: is

text: an

text: entity

text: consisting

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: atoms

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: from

text: different

text: elements

text: which

text: associate

text: via

text: chemical

text: bonds

text: There

text: are

text: four

text: types

text: of

text: compounds

text: depending

text: on

text: how

text: the

text: constituent

text: atoms

text: are

text: held

text: together

text: molecules

text: held

text: together

text: by

text: covalent

text: bonds

text: ionic

text: compounds

text: held

text: together

text: by

text: ionic

text: bonds

text: intermetallic

text: compounds

text: held

text: together

text: by

text: metallic

text: bonds

text: and

text: certain

text: complexes

text: held

text: together

text: by

text: coordinate

text: covalent

text: bonds

text: Many

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: have

text: unique

text: numerical

text: identifier

text: assigned

text: by

text: the

text: Chemical

text: Abstracts

text: Service

text: CAS

text: its

text: CAS

text: number

text: Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time. By extension, the term "the etymology (of a word)" means the origin of the particular word.

text: Etymology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: words

text: their

text: origins

text: and

text: how

text: their

text: form

text: and

text: meaning

text: have

text: changed

text: over

text: time

text: By

text: extension

text: the

text: term

text: the

text: etymology

text: of

text: word

text: means

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: particular

text: word

text: An oxoacid is an acid that contains oxygen. Specifically, it is a compound that contains hydrogen, oxygen, and at least one other element, with at least one hydrogen atom bound to oxygen that can dissociate to produce the H cation and the anion of the acid.

text: An

text: oxoacid

text: is

text: an

text: acid

text: that

text: contains

text: oxygen

text: Specifically

text: it

text: is

text: compound

text: that

text: contains

text: hydrogen

text: oxygen

text: and

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: other

text: element

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: hydrogen

text: atom

text: bound

text: to

text: oxygen

text: that

text: can

text: dissociate

text: to

text: produce

text: the

text: cation

text: and

text: the

text: anion

text: of

text: the

text: acid

text: Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature. It is an extremely reactive element and a strong oxidising agent: among the elements, it has the highest electron affinity and the third-highest electronegativity, behind only oxygen and fluorine.

text: Chlorine

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: symbol

text: Cl

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: The

text: second

text: lightest

text: of

text: the

text: halogens

text: it

text: appears

text: between

text: fluorine

text: and

text: bromine

text: in

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: and

text: its

text: properties

text: are

text: mostly

text: intermediate

text: between

text: them

text: Chlorine

text: is

text: yellow

text: green

text: gas

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: reactive

text: element

text: and

text: strong

text: oxidising

text: agent

text: among

text: the

text: elements

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: electron

text: affinity

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: electronegativity

text: behind

text: only

text: oxygen

text: and

text: fluorine

text: A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and abiogenic in origin. A mineral has one specific chemical composition, whereas a rock can be an aggregate of different minerals or mineraloids. The study of minerals is called mineralogy.

text: mineral

text: is

text: naturally

text: occurring

text: chemical

text: compound

text: usually

text: of

text: crystalline

text: form

text: and

text: abiogenic

text: in

text: origin

text: mineral

text: has

text: one

text: specific

text: chemical

text: composition

text: whereas

text: rock

text: can

text: be

text: an

text: aggregate

text: of

text: different

text: minerals

text: or

text: mineraloids

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: minerals

text: is

text: called

text: mineralogy

text: Fireworks are a class of low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes. The most common use of a firework is as part of a fireworks display (also called a fireworks show or pyrotechnics), a display of the effects produced by firework devices. Fireworks competitions are also regularly held at a number of places.

text: Fireworks

text: are

text: class

text: of

text: low

text: explosive

text: pyrotechnic

text: devices

text: used

text: for

text: aesthetic

text: and

text: entertainment

text: purposes

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: use

text: of

text: firework

text: is

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: fireworks

text: display

text: also

text: called

text: fireworks

text: show

text: or

text: pyrotechnics

text: display

text: of

text: the

text: effects

text: produced

text: by

text: firework

text: devices

text: Fireworks

text: competitions

text: are

text: also

text: regularly

text: held

text: at

text: number

text: of

text: places

text: Barium chlorate , Ba ( ClO3 ) 2 , is a white crystalline solid , the barium salt of chloric acid . It is an irritant and toxic , as are all soluble barium compounds . It is sometimes used in pyrotechnics to produce a green color . It also finds use in the production of chloric acid .

text: Barium

text: chlorate

text: Ba

text: is

text: white

text: crystalline

text: solid

text: the

text: barium

text: salt

text: of

text: chloric

text: acid

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: irritant

text: and

text: toxic

text: as

text: are

text: all

text: soluble

text: barium

text: compounds

text: It

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: in

text: pyrotechnics

text: to

text: produce

text: green

text: color

text: It

text: also

text: finds

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: chloric

text: acid

text: Chloric acid, HClO, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts. It is a strong acid (p"K"  1) and oxidizing agent.

text: Chloric

text: acid

text: HClO

text: is

text: an

text: oxoacid

text: of

text: chlorine

text: and

text: the

text: formal

text: precursor

text: of

text: chlorate

text: salts

text: It

text: is

text: strong

text: acid

text: p"K

text: and

text: oxidizing

text: agent

text: The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in column (group) 2 of the Periodic table. They are beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra). They have very similar properties: they are all shiny, silvery-white, somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure.

text: The

text: alkaline

text: earth

text: metals

text: are

text: six

text: chemical

text: elements

text: in

text: column

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: Periodic

text: table

text: They

text: are

text: beryllium

text: Be

text: magnesium

text: Mg

text: calcium

text: Ca

text: strontium

text: Sr

text: barium

text: Ba

text: and

text: radium

text: Ra

text: They

text: have

text: very

text: similar

text: properties

text: they

text: are

text: all

text: shiny

text: silvery

text: white

text: somewhat

text: reactive

text: metals

text: at

text: standard

text: temperature

text: and

text: pressure

text: Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Because of its high chemical reactivity, barium is never found in nature as a free element. Its hydroxide, known in pre-modern history as baryta, does not occur as a mineral, but can be prepared by heating barium carbonate.

text: Barium

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: symbol

text: Ba

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: element

text: in

text: Group

text: soft

text: silvery

text: metallic

text: alkaline

text: earth

text: metal

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: high

text: chemical

text: reactivity

text: barium

text: is

text: never

text: found

text: in

text: nature

text: as

text: free

text: element

text: Its

text: hydroxide

text: known

text: in

text: pre

text: modern

text: history

text: as

text: baryta

text: does

text: not

text: occur

text: as

text: mineral

text: but

text: can

text: be

text: prepared

text: by

text: heating

text: barium

text: carbonate

text: Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (for ) and atomic number 50, is a post-transition metal in group 14 of the periodic table. It is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, which contains tin dioxide, SnO. Tin shows a chemical similarity to both of its neighbors in group 14, germanium and lead, and has two main oxidation states, +2 and the slightly more stable +4. Tin is the 49th most abundant element and has, with 10 stable isotopes, the largest number of stable isotopes in the periodic table, thanks to its magic number of protons. It has two main allotropes: at room temperature, the stable allotrope is -tin, a silvery-white, malleable metal, but at low temperatures it transforms into the less dense grey -tin, which has the diamond cubic structure. Metallic tin is not easily oxidized in air.

text: Tin

text: is

text: chemical

text: element

text: with

text: the

text: symbol

text: Sn

text: for

text: and

text: atomic

text: number

text: is

text: post

text: transition

text: metal

text: in

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: It

text: is

text: obtained

text: chiefly

text: from

text: the

text: mineral

text: cassiterite

text: which

text: contains

text: tin

text: dioxide

text: SnO.

text: Tin

text: shows

text: chemical

text: similarity

text: to

text: both

text: of

text: its

text: neighbors

text: in

text: group

text: germanium

text: and

text: lead

text: and

text: has

text: two

text: main

text: oxidation

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: slightly

text: more

text: stable

text: Tin

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: abundant

text: element

text: and

text: has

text: with

text: stable

text: isotopes

text: the

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: stable

text: isotopes

text: in

text: the

text: periodic

text: table

text: thanks

text: to

text: its

text: magic

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: It

text: has

text: two

text: main

text: allotropes

text: at

text: room

text: temperature

text: the

text: stable

text: allotrope

text: is

text: -tin

text: silvery

text: white

text: malleable

text: metal

text: but

text: at

text: low

text: temperatures

text: it

text: transforms

text: into

text: the

text: less

text: dense

text: grey

text: -tin

text: which

text: has

text: the

text: diamond

text: cubic

text: structure

text: Metallic

text: tin

text: is

text: not

text: easily

text: oxidized

text: in

text: air

text: Barium carbonate (BaCO), also known as witherite, is a chemical compound used in rat poison, bricks, ceramic glazes and cement.

text: Barium

text: carbonate

text: BaCO

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: witherite

text: is

text: chemical

text: compound

text: used

text: in

text: rat

text: poison

text: bricks

text: ceramic

text: glazes

text: and

text: cement

text: The oxidation state, often called the oxidation number, is an indicator of the degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound. Conceptually, the oxidation state, which may be positive, negative or zero, is the "hypothetical" charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% ionic, with no covalent component. This is never exactly true for real bonds.

text: The

text: oxidation

text: state

text: often

text: called

text: the

text: oxidation

text: number

text: is

text: an

text: indicator

text: of

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: oxidation

text: loss

text: of

text: electrons

text: of

text: an

text: atom

text: in

text: chemical

text: compound

text: Conceptually

text: the

text: oxidation

text: state

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: positive

text: negative

text: or

text: zero

text: is

text: the

text: hypothetical

text: charge

text: that

text: an

text: atom

text: would

text: have

text: if

text: all

text: bonds

text: to

text: atoms

text: of

text: different

text: elements

text: were

text: ionic

text: with

text: no

text: covalent

text: component

text: This

text: is

text: never

text: exactly

text: true

text: for

text: real

text: bonds

text: In chemistry, an oxidizing agent (oxidant, oxidizer) is a substance that has the ability to oxidize other substances (cause them to lose electrons). Common oxidizing agents are oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and the halogens.

text: In

text: chemistry

text: an

text: oxidizing

text: agent

text: oxidant

text: oxidizer

text: is

text: substance

text: that

text: has

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: oxidize

text: other

text: substances

text: cause

text: them

text: to

text: lose

text: electrons

text: Common

text: oxidizing

text: agents

text: are

text: oxygen

text: hydrogen

text: peroxide

text: and

text: the

text: halogens

annotations: likely multiple

question: instance_of barium chlorate

answer: chemical compound

text: chemical compound

text: chemical compound

text: chemical compound

text: chemical compound