text: Uppsala University is a research university in Uppsala, Sweden, and is the oldest university in Sweden and all of the Nordic countries, founded in 1477. It ranks among the best universities in Northern Europe in international rankings. The university uses "Gratiae veritas naturae" as its motto and embraces natural sciences.

text: Uppsala

text: University

text: is

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Uppsala

text: Sweden

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: university

text: in

text: Sweden

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: founded

text: in

text: It

text: ranks

text: among

text: the

text: best

text: universities

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: in

text: international

text: rankings

text: The

text: university

text: uses

text: Gratiae

text: veritas

text: naturae

text: as

text: its

text: motto

text: and

text: embraces

text: natural

text: sciences

text:
A university ("a whole", "a corporation") is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which grants academic degrees in various subjects.
Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education.

text: university

text: whole

text: corporation

text: is

text: an

text: institution

text: of

text: higher

text: or

text: tertiary

text: education

text: and

text: research

text: which

text: grants

text: academic

text: degrees

text: in

text: various

text: subjects

text: Universities

text: typically

text: provide

text: undergraduate

text: education

text: and

text: postgraduate

text: education

text: Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, west of Amesbury and north of Salisbury. Stonehenge's ring of standing stones are set within earthworks in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred burial mounds.

text: Stonehenge

text: is

text: prehistoric

text: monument

text: in

text: Wiltshire

text: England

text: west

text: of

text: Amesbury

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Salisbury

text: Stonehenge

text: 's

text: ring

text: of

text: standing

text: stones

text: are

text: set

text: within

text: earthworks

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: dense

text: complex

text: of

text: Neolithic

text: and

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: monuments

text: in

text: England

text: including

text: several

text: hundred

text: burial

text: mounds

text: Oceanography (compound of the Greek words  meaning "ocean" and  meaning "write"), also known as oceanology, is the study of the physical and the biological aspects of the ocean. It is an Earth science covering a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers blend to further knowledge of the world ocean and understanding of processes within: astronomy, biology, chemistry, climatology, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past.

text: Oceanography

text: compound

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: words

text: meaning

text: ocean

text: and

text: meaning

text: write

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: oceanology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: physical

text: and

text: the

text: biological

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: ocean

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: Earth

text: science

text: covering

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: topics

text: including

text: ecosystem

text: dynamics

text: ocean

text: currents

text: waves

text: and

text: geophysical

text: fluid

text: dynamics

text: plate

text: tectonics

text: and

text: the

text: geology

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: floor

text: and

text: fluxes

text: of

text: various

text: chemical

text: substances

text: and

text: physical

text: properties

text: within

text: the

text: ocean

text: and

text: across

text: its

text: boundaries

text: These

text: diverse

text: topics

text: reflect

text: multiple

text: disciplines

text: that

text: oceanographers

text: blend

text: to

text: further

text: knowledge

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ocean

text: and

text: understanding

text: of

text: processes

text: within

text: astronomy

text: biology

text: chemistry

text: climatology

text: geography

text: geology

text: hydrology

text: meteorology

text: and

text: physics

text: Paleoceanography

text: studies

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: oceans

text: in

text: the

text: geologic

text: past

text: A celestial event is an astronomical phenomenon of interest that involves one or more celestial bodies. Examples of celestial events include the cyclical phases of the Moon, solar and lunar eclipses, transits and occultations, planetary oppositions and conjunctions, meteor showers, and comet flybys.

text: celestial

text: event

text: is

text: an

text: astronomical

text: phenomenon

text: of

text: interest

text: that

text: involves

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: celestial

text: bodies

text: Examples

text: of

text: celestial

text: events

text: include

text: the

text: cyclical

text: phases

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: solar

text: and

text: lunar

text: eclipses

text: transits

text: and

text: occultations

text: planetary

text: oppositions

text: and

text: conjunctions

text: meteor

text: showers

text: and

text: comet

text: flybys

text: Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.

text: Scandinavia

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: region

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: characterized

text: by

text: common

text: ethnocultural

text: North

text: Germanic

text: heritage

text: and

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: North

text: Germanic

text: languages

text:
Øresund or Öresund is a strait which forms the DanishSwedish border,
separating Sjælland (Denmark) from Skåne (Sweden).
The strait has a length of and the width varies from to . It is wide at its narrowest point between Helsingør in Denmark and Helsingborg in Sweden.

text: Øresund

text: or

text: Öresund

text: is

text: strait

text: which

text: forms

text: the

text: DanishSwedish

text: border

text: separating

text: Sjælland

text: Denmark

text: from

text: Skåne

text: Sweden

text: The

text: strait

text: has

text: length

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: width

text: varies

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: is

text: wide

text: at

text: its

text: narrowest

text: point

text: between

text: Helsingør

text: in

text: Denmark

text: and

text: Helsingborg

text: in

text: Sweden

text:
Holbæk municipality is a municipality (Danish, "kommune") in northeastern Region Sjælland on the island of Zealand ("Sjælland") in Denmark. The municipality includes the island of Orø, and covers an area of 583 km², and has a total population of 69,010 (2008). Its mayor for 20102013 is Søren Kjærsgaard, a member of the Liberal Party ("Venstre") political party. The main town and the site of its municipal council is the city of Holbæk.
On January 1, 2007 Holbæk municipality was, as the result of "Kommunalreformen" ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007), merged with existing Jernløse, Svinninge, Tornved, and Tølløse municipalities to form a new Holbæk municipality.

text: Holbæk

text: municipality

text: is

text: municipality

text: Danish

text: kommune

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Region

text: Sjælland

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Zealand

text: Sjælland

text: in

text: Denmark

text: The

text: municipality

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Orø

text: and

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: Its

text: mayor

text: for

text: is

text: Søren

text: Kjærsgaard

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Liberal

text: Party

text: Venstre

text: political

text: party

text: The

text: main

text: town

text: and

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: its

text: municipal

text: council

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Holbæk

text: On

text: January

text: Holbæk

text: municipality

text: was

text: as

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: Kommunalreformen

text: The

text: Municipal

text: Reform

text: of

text: merged

text: with

text: existing

text: Jernløse

text: Svinninge

text: Tornved

text: and

text: Tølløse

text: municipalities

text: to

text: form

text: new

text: Holbæk

text: municipality

text: The Faroe Islands (Irish: "Na Scigirí") are an archipelago between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic approximately halfway between Norway and Iceland, north-northwest of mainland Scotland. The area is approximately with a 2016 population of 49,188. The islands are an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark.

text: The

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: Irish

text: Scigirí

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: between

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: approximately

text: halfway

text: between

text: Norway

text: and

text: Iceland

text: north

text: northwest

text: of

text: mainland

text: Scotland

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: approximately

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: islands

text: are

text: an

text: autonomous

text: country

text: within

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: A student or pupil is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution. In Britain those attending university are termed "students". In the United States, and more recently also in Britain, the term "student" is applied to both categories. In its widest use, "student" is used for anyone who is learning, including mid-career adults who are taking vocational education or returning to university. When speaking about learning outside an institution, "student" is also used to refer to someone who is learning a topic or who is "a student of" a certain topic or person.

text: student

text: or

text: pupil

text: is

text: learner

text: or

text: someone

text: who

text: attends

text: an

text: educational

text: institution

text: In

text: Britain

text: those

text: attending

text: university

text: are

text: termed

text: students

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: also

text: in

text: Britain

text: the

text: term

text: student

text: is

text: applied

text: to

text: both

text: categories

text: In

text: its

text: widest

text: use

text: student

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: anyone

text: who

text: is

text: learning

text: including

text: mid

text: career

text: adults

text: who

text: are

text: taking

text: vocational

text: education

text: or

text: returning

text: to

text: university

text: When

text: speaking

text: about

text: learning

text: outside

text: an

text: institution

text: student

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: someone

text: who

text: is

text: learning

text: topic

text: or

text: who

text: is

text: student

text: of

text: certain

text: topic

text: or

text: person

text: Higher education, post-secondary education, or third level education is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. Often delivered at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology, higher education is also available through certain college-level institutions, including vocational schools, trade schools, and other career colleges that award academic degrees or professional certifications. Tertiary education at non-degree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education.

text: Higher

text: education

text: post

text: secondary

text: education

text: or

text: third

text: level

text: education

text: is

text: an

text: optional

text: final

text: stage

text: of

text: formal

text: learning

text: that

text: occurs

text: after

text: completion

text: of

text: secondary

text: education

text: Often

text: delivered

text: at

text: universities

text: academies

text: colleges

text: seminaries

text: and

text: institutes

text: of

text: technology

text: higher

text: education

text: is

text: also

text: available

text: through

text: certain

text: college

text: level

text: institutions

text: including

text: vocational

text: schools

text: trade

text: schools

text: and

text: other

text: career

text: colleges

text: that

text: award

text: academic

text: degrees

text: or

text: professional

text: certifications

text: Tertiary

text: education

text: at

text: non

text: degree

text: level

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: further

text: education

text: or

text: continuing

text: education

text: as

text: distinct

text: from

text: higher

text: education

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Copenhagen (, ); ) is the capital and most populated city of Denmark. It has a municipal population of 591,481 and a larger urban population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand; another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road.

text: Copenhagen

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: city

text: of

text: Denmark

text: It

text: has

text: municipal

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: larger

text: urban

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: Copenhagen

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: has

text: just

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Zealand

text: another

text: small

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: Amager

text: and

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Malmö

text: Sweden

text: by

text: the

text: strait

text: of

text: Øresund

text: The

text: Øresund

text: Bridge

text: connects

text: the

text: two

text: cities

text: by

text: rail

text: and

text: road

text: Studium generale is the old customary name for a Medieval university.

text: Studium

text: generale

text: is

text: the

text: old

text: customary

text: name

text: for

text: Medieval

text: university

text: The University of Copenhagen (UCPH) is the oldest university and research institution in Denmark. Founded in 1479 as a studium generale, it is the second oldest institution for higher education in Scandinavia after Uppsala University (1477). The university has 23,473 undergraduate students, 17,398 postgraduate students, 2,968 doctoral students and over 9,000 employees. The university has four campuses located in and around Copenhagen, with the headquarters located in central Copenhagen. Most courses are taught in Danish; however, many courses are also offered in English and a few in German. The university has several thousands of foreign students, about half of whom come from Nordic countries.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Copenhagen

text: UCPH

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: university

text: and

text: research

text: institution

text: in

text: Denmark

text: Founded

text: in

text: as

text: studium

text: generale

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: oldest

text: institution

text: for

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: Scandinavia

text: after

text: Uppsala

text: University

text: The

text: university

text: has

text: undergraduate

text: students

text: postgraduate

text: students

text: doctoral

text: students

text: and

text: over

text: employees

text: The

text: university

text: has

text: four

text: campuses

text: located

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Copenhagen

text: with

text: the

text: headquarters

text: located

text: in

text: central

text: Copenhagen

text: Most

text: courses

text: are

text: taught

text: in

text: Danish

text: however

text: many

text: courses

text: are

text: also

text: offered

text: in

text: English

text: and

text: few

text: in

text: German

text: The

text: university

text: has

text: several

text: thousands

text: of

text: foreign

text: students

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: whom

text: come

text: from

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: The Øresund/Öresund/Oresund Bridge (, , hybrid name: "") is a combined railway and motorway bridge across the Øresund strait between Sweden and Denmark. The bridge runs nearly from the Swedish coast to the artificial island Peberholm in the middle of the strait. The crossing is completed by the Drogden Tunnel from Peberholm to the Danish island of Amager.

text: The

text: Øresund

text: Öresund

text: Oresund

text: Bridge

text: hybrid

text: name

text: is

text: combined

text: railway

text: and

text: motorway

text: bridge

text: across

text: the

text: Øresund

text: strait

text: between

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Denmark

text: The

text: bridge

text: runs

text: nearly

text: from

text: the

text: Swedish

text: coast

text: to

text: the

text: artificial

text: island

text: Peberholm

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: strait

text: The

text: crossing

text: is

text: completed

text: by

text: the

text: Drogden

text: Tunnel

text: from

text: Peberholm

text: to

text: the

text: Danish

text: island

text: of

text: Amager

text: The Nordic countries or Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as Norden (lit., "The North"). They consist of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, including their associated territories (Greenland, the Faroe Islands, and the Åland Islands).

text: The

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: or

text: Nordics

text: are

text: geographical

text: and

text: cultural

text: region

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: most

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Norden

text: lit

text: The

text: North

text: They

text: consist

text: of

text: Denmark

text: Finland

text: Iceland

text: Norway

text: and

text: Sweden

text: including

text: their

text: associated

text: territories

text: Greenland

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: and

text: the

text: Åland

text: Islands

text: Amager (or, especially among older speakers) is a Danish island in the Øresund. The Danish capital, Copenhagen, is partly situated on Amager, which is connected to the much larger island of Zealand by five bridges. Amager also has a connection across the Øresund to Sweden, the Øresund Bridge. Its western part begins with a tunnel from Amager to another Danish island, Peberholm. Copenhagen Airport is located on the island, around from Copenhagen city centre. Amager is the largest island in the Øresund, and the only one with a large population. , 192,709 people live on the island, including its northern tip, Christianshavn. The northern part is included in the Copenhagen municipality. The middle part comprises Tårnby municipality, and Dragør municipality is located on the southeast part of the island. Most of the western part is land that was reclaimed from the sea from the 1930s-1950s. This enlargement, from the shallow sound towards Zealand, is known as "Kalveboderne". The enlargement has never been built-up and its soil isn't suitable for agricultural use. However the area between Dragør town and the airport is cultivated land of high quality. Amager has in the past been referred to as the "kitchen of Copenhagen". At the border of the enlargement there is an old beech forest, "Kongelunden" (The King's Grove).

text: Amager

text: or

text: especially

text: among

text: older

text: speakers

text: is

text: Danish

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Øresund

text: The

text: Danish

text: capital

text: Copenhagen

text: is

text: partly

text: situated

text: on

text: Amager

text: which

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: much

text: larger

text: island

text: of

text: Zealand

text: by

text: five

text: bridges

text: Amager

text: also

text: has

text: connection

text: across

text: the

text: Øresund

text: to

text: Sweden

text: the

text: Øresund

text: Bridge

text: Its

text: western

text: part

text: begins

text: with

text: tunnel

text: from

text: Amager

text: to

text: another

text: Danish

text: island

text: Peberholm

text: Copenhagen

text: Airport

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: around

text: from

text: Copenhagen

text: city

text: centre

text: Amager

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Øresund

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: with

text: large

text: population

text: people

text: live

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: including

text: its

text: northern

text: tip

text: Christianshavn

text: The

text: northern

text: part

text: is

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Copenhagen

text: municipality

text: The

text: middle

text: part

text: comprises

text: Tårnby

text: municipality

text: and

text: Dragør

text: municipality

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: is

text: land

text: that

text: was

text: reclaimed

text: from

text: the

text: sea

text: from

text: the

text: This

text: enlargement

text: from

text: the

text: shallow

text: sound

text: towards

text: Zealand

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Kalveboderne

text: The

text: enlargement

text: has

text: never

text: been

text: built

text: up

text: and

text: its

text: soil

text: is

text: n't

text: suitable

text: for

text: agricultural

text: use

text: However

text: the

text: area

text: between

text: Dragør

text: town

text: and

text: the

text: airport

text: is

text: cultivated

text: land

text: of

text: high

text: quality

text: Amager

text: has

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: kitchen

text: of

text: Copenhagen

text: At

text: the

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: enlargement

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: old

text: beech

text: forest

text: Kongelunden

text: The

text: King

text: 's

text: Grove

text: Jutland , also known as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula , is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and the northern portion of Germany. The names are derived from the Jutes and the Cimbri, respectively. Jutland's terrain is relatively flat, with open lands, heaths, plains and peat bogs in the west and a more elevated and slightly hilly terrain in the east.

text: Jutland

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cimbric

text: or

text: Cimbrian

text: Peninsula

text: is

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: that

text: forms

text: the

text: continental

text: portion

text: of

text: Denmark

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: portion

text: of

text: Germany

text: The

text: names

text: are

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Jutes

text: and

text: the

text: Cimbri

text: respectively

text: Jutland

text: 's

text: terrain

text: is

text: relatively

text: flat

text: with

text: open

text: lands

text: heaths

text: plains

text: and

text: peat

text: bogs

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: more

text: elevated

text: and

text: slightly

text: hilly

text: terrain

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Greenland  is an autonomous constituent country within the Danish Realm between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers, as well as the nearby island of Iceland) for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors migrated began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, gradually settling across the island.

text: Greenland

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: constituent

text: country

text: within

text: the

text: Danish

text: Realm

text: between

text: the

text: Arctic

text: and

text: Atlantic

text: Oceans

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Arctic

text: Archipelago

text: Though

text: physiographically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Greenland

text: has

text: been

text: politically

text: and

text: culturally

text: associated

text: with

text: Europe

text: specifically

text: Norway

text: and

text: Denmark

text: the

text: colonial

text: powers

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: nearby

text: island

text: of

text: Iceland

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: millennium

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: residents

text: are

text: Inuit

text: whose

text: ancestors

text: migrated

text: began

text: migrating

text: from

text: the

text: Canadian

text: mainland

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: gradually

text: settling

text: across

text: the

text: island

text: A gene is a locus (or region) of DNA which is made up of nucleotides and is the molecular unit of heredity. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as geneenvironment interactions. Some genetic traits are instantly visible, such as eye colour or number of limbs, and some are not, such as blood type, risk for specific diseases, or the thousands of basic biochemical processes that comprise life.

text: gene

text: is

text: locus

text: or

text: region

text: of

text: DNA

text: which

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: nucleotides

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: molecular

text: unit

text: of

text: heredity

text: The

text: transmission

text: of

text: genes

text: to

text: an

text: organism

text: 's

text: offspring

text: is

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: the

text: inheritance

text: of

text: phenotypic

text: traits

text: Most

text: biological

text: traits

text: are

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: polygenes

text: many

text: different

text: genes

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: geneenvironment

text: interactions

text: Some

text: genetic

text: traits

text: are

text: instantly

text: visible

text: such

text: as

text: eye

text: colour

text: or

text: number

text: of

text: limbs

text: and

text: some

text: are

text: not

text: such

text: as

text: blood

text: type

text: risk

text: for

text: specific

text: diseases

text: or

text: the

text: thousands

text: of

text: basic

text: biochemical

text: processes

text: that

text: comprise

text: life

text: Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane. Surface area is its analog on the two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat. It is the two-dimensional analog of the length of a curve (a one-dimensional concept) or the volume of a solid (a three-dimensional concept).

text: Area

text: is

text: the

text: quantity

text: that

text: expresses

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: two

text: dimensional

text: figure

text: or

text: shape

text: or

text: planar

text: lamina

text: in

text: the

text: plane

text: Surface

text: area

text: is

text: its

text: analog

text: on

text: the

text: two

text: dimensional

text: surface

text: of

text: three

text: dimensional

text: object

text: Area

text: can

text: be

text: understood

text: as

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: material

text: with

text: given

text: thickness

text: that

text: would

text: be

text: necessary

text: to

text: fashion

text: model

text: of

text: the

text: shape

text: or

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: paint

text: necessary

text: to

text: cover

text: the

text: surface

text: with

text: single

text: coat

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: two

text: dimensional

text: analog

text: of

text: the

text: length

text: of

text: curve

text: one

text: dimensional

text: concept

text: or

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: solid

text: three

text: dimensional

text: concept

text: An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. The word "archipelago" is derived from the Greek "-  arkhi-" ("chief") and "  pélagos" ("sea") through the Italian "arcipelago". In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Archipelago (from medieval Greek "*" and Latin "archipelagus") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands). It is now used to refer to any island group or, sometimes, to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.

text: An

text: archipelago

text: sometimes

text: called

text: an

text: island

text: group

text: or

text: island

text: chain

text: is

text: chain

text: cluster

text: or

text: collection

text: of

text: islands

text: The

text: word

text: archipelago

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: arkhi-

text: chief

text: and

text: pélagos

text: sea

text: through

text: the

text: Italian

text: arcipelago

text: In

text: Italian

text: possibly

text: following

text: tradition

text: of

text: antiquity

text: the

text: Archipelago

text: from

text: medieval

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: archipelagus

text: was

text: the

text: proper

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: and

text: later

text: usage

text: shifted

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Islands

text: since

text: the

text: sea

text: is

text: remarkable

text: for

text: its

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: island

text: group

text: or

text: sometimes

text: to

text: sea

text: containing

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: scattered

text: islands

text: A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface.

text: volcano

text: is

text: rupture

text: in

text: the

text: crust

text: of

text: planetary

text: mass

text: object

text: such

text: as

text: Earth

text: that

text: allows

text: hot

text: lava

text: volcanic

text: ash

text: and

text: gases

text: to

text: escape

text: from

text: magma

text: chamber

text: below

text: the

text: surface

text: Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It applies mathematics, physics, and chemistry, in an effort to explain the origin of those objects and phenomena and their evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, galaxies, and comets; while the phenomena include supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, all astronomical phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere are within the purview of astronomy. A related but distinct subject, physical cosmology, is concerned with the study of the Universe as a whole.

text: Astronomy

text: is

text: natural

text: science

text: that

text: studies

text: celestial

text: objects

text: and

text: phenomena

text: It

text: applies

text: mathematics

text: physics

text: and

text: chemistry

text: in

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: those

text: objects

text: and

text: phenomena

text: and

text: their

text: evolution

text: Objects

text: of

text: interest

text: include

text: planets

text: moons

text: stars

text: galaxies

text: and

text: comets

text: while

text: the

text: phenomena

text: include

text: supernovae

text: explosions

text: gamma

text: ray

text: bursts

text: and

text: cosmic

text: microwave

text: background

text: radiation

text: More

text: generally

text: all

text: astronomical

text: phenomena

text: that

text: originate

text: outside

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: are

text: within

text: the

text: purview

text: of

text: astronomy

text: related

text: but

text: distinct

text: subject

text: physical

text: cosmology

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: Universe

text: as

text: whole

text: Malmö  is the capital and largest city of the Swedish county of Scania. Malmö is the third largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and the 6th biggest city in the Nordic countries, with a population of above 300,000. The Malmö Metropolitan Region is home to 700,000 people, and the Øresund Region, which includes Malmö, is home to 3.9 million people.

text: Malmö

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Swedish

text: county

text: of

text: Scania

text: Malmö

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Sweden

text: after

text: Stockholm

text: and

text: Gothenburg

text: and

text: the

text: biggest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: above

text: The

text: Malmö

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: Øresund

text: Region

text: which

text: includes

text: Malmö

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: Geology (from the Ancient Greek , "g", i.e. "earth" and -o, "-logia", i.e. "study of, discourse") is an earth science comprising the study of solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change. Geology can also refer generally to the study of the solid features of any terrestrial planet (such as the geology of the Moon or Mars).

text: Geology

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: i.e.

text: earth

text: and

text: -o

text: -logia

text: i.e.

text: study

text: of

text: discourse

text: is

text: an

text: earth

text: science

text: comprising

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: solid

text: Earth

text: the

text: rocks

text: of

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: composed

text: and

text: the

text: processes

text: by

text: which

text: they

text: change

text: Geology

text: can

text: also

text: refer

text: generally

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: solid

text: features

text: of

text: any

text: terrestrial

text: planet

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: geology

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: or

text: Mars

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: The Copenhagen metropolitan area (or Metropolitan Copenhagen) is a large commuter belt (the area in which it is practical to commute to work) surrounding Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. It is known to include Copenhagen Municipality, Frederiksberg and surrounding municipalities stretching westward across Zealand. It has densely-populated core surrounded by suburban settlements.

text: The

text: Copenhagen

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: or

text: Metropolitan

text: Copenhagen

text: is

text: large

text: commuter

text: belt

text: the

text: area

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: practical

text: to

text: commute

text: to

text: work

text: surrounding

text: Copenhagen

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Denmark

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: include

text: Copenhagen

text: Municipality

text: Frederiksberg

text: and

text: surrounding

text: municipalities

text: stretching

text: westward

text: across

text: Zealand

text: It

text: has

text: densely

text: populated

text: core

text: surrounded

text: by

text: suburban

text: settlements

text: A star is a luminous sphere of plasma held together by its own gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye from Earth during the night, appearing as a multitude of fixed luminous points in the sky due to their immense distance from Earth. Historically, the most prominent stars were grouped into constellations and asterisms, the brightest of which gained proper names. Astronomers have assembled star catalogues that identify the known stars and provide standardized stellar designations. However, most of the stars in the Universe, including all stars outside our galaxy, the Milky Way, are invisible to the naked eye from Earth. Indeed, most are invisible from Earth even through the most powerful telescopes.

text: star

text: is

text: luminous

text: sphere

text: of

text: plasma

text: held

text: together

text: by

text: its

text: own

text: gravity

text: The

text: nearest

text: star

text: to

text: Earth

text: is

text: the

text: Sun

text: Many

text: other

text: stars

text: are

text: visible

text: to

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: from

text: Earth

text: during

text: the

text: night

text: appearing

text: as

text: multitude

text: of

text: fixed

text: luminous

text: points

text: in

text: the

text: sky

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: immense

text: distance

text: from

text: Earth

text: Historically

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: stars

text: were

text: grouped

text: into

text: constellations

text: and

text: asterisms

text: the

text: brightest

text: of

text: which

text: gained

text: proper

text: names

text: Astronomers

text: have

text: assembled

text: star

text: catalogues

text: that

text: identify

text: the

text: known

text: stars

text: and

text: provide

text: standardized

text: stellar

text: designations

text: However

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: stars

text: in

text: the

text: Universe

text: including

text: all

text: stars

text: outside

text: our

text: galaxy

text: the

text: Milky

text: Way

text: are

text: invisible

text: to

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: from

text: Earth

text: Indeed

text: most

text: are

text: invisible

text: from

text: Earth

text: even

text: through

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: telescopes

text: Funen, with an area of , is the third-largest island of Denmark, after Zealand and Vendsyssel-Thy. It is the 165th-largest island in the world. It is in the central part of the country and has a population of 466,284 (2013). The main city is Odense which is connected to the sea by a seldom-used canal. The city's shipyard, Odense Steel Shipyard, has been relocated outside Odense proper.

text: Funen

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: island

text: of

text: Denmark

text: after

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Vendsyssel

text: Thy

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: main

text: city

text: is

text: Odense

text: which

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: sea

text: by

text: seldom

text: used

text: canal

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: shipyard

text: Odense

text: Steel

text: Shipyard

text: has

text: been

text: relocated

text: outside

text: Odense

text: proper

text: Zealand is the largest (7,031 km) and most populated island in Denmark with a population of 2,267,659 (39% of Denmark's total as of January 2016).

text: Zealand

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: km

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: island

text: in

text: Denmark

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: of

text: Denmark

text: 's

text: total

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: Climatology (from Greek , "klima", "place, zone"; and , "-logia") or climate science is the study of climate, scientifically defined as weather conditions averaged over a period of time. This modern field of study is regarded as a branch of the atmospheric sciences and a subfield of physical geography, which is one of the Earth sciences. Climatology now includes aspects of oceanography and biogeochemistry. Basic knowledge of climate can be used within shorter term weather forecasting using analog techniques such as the El NiñoSouthern Oscillation (ENSO), the MaddenJulian oscillation (MJO), the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO), the Northern Annular Mode (NAM) which is also known as the Arctic oscillation (AO), the Northern Pacific (NP) Index, the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). Climate models are used for a variety of purposes from study of the dynamics of the weather and climate system to projections of future climate.

text: Climatology

text: from

text: Greek

text: klima

text: place

text: zone

text: and

text: -logia

text: or

text: climate

text: science

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: climate

text: scientifically

text: defined

text: as

text: weather

text: conditions

text: averaged

text: over

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: This

text: modern

text: field

text: of

text: study

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: atmospheric

text: sciences

text: and

text: subfield

text: of

text: physical

text: geography

text: which

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: sciences

text: Climatology

text: now

text: includes

text: aspects

text: of

text: oceanography

text: and

text: biogeochemistry

text: Basic

text: knowledge

text: of

text: climate

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: within

text: shorter

text: term

text: weather

text: forecasting

text: using

text: analog

text: techniques

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: El

text: NiñoSouthern

text: Oscillation

text: ENSO

text: the

text: MaddenJulian

text: oscillation

text: MJO

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: oscillation

text: NAO

text: the

text: Northern

text: Annular

text: Mode

text: NAM

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Arctic

text: oscillation

text: AO

text: the

text: Northern

text: Pacific

text: NP

text: Index

text: the

text: Pacific

text: decadal

text: oscillation

text: PDO

text: and

text: the

text: Interdecadal

text: Pacific

text: Oscillation

text: IPO

text: Climate

text: models

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: variety

text: of

text: purposes

text: from

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: dynamics

text: of

text: the

text: weather

text: and

text: climate

text: system

text: to

text: projections

text: of

text: future

text: climate

text: Arable land (from Latin "arabilis", "able to be plowed") is, according to one definition, land "capable" of being ploughed and used to grow crops. In Britain, it was traditionally contrasted with pasturable lands such as heaths which could be used for sheep-rearing but not farmland.

text: Arable

text: land

text: from

text: Latin

text: arabilis

text: able

text: to

text: be

text: plowed

text: is

text: according

text: to

text: one

text: definition

text: land

text: capable

text: of

text: being

text: ploughed

text: and

text: used

text: to

text: grow

text: crops

text: In

text: Britain

text: it

text: was

text: traditionally

text: contrasted

text: with

text: pasturable

text: lands

text: such

text: as

text: heaths

text: which

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: sheep

text: rearing

text: but

text: not

text: farmland

text: Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: "Norgga"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.

text: Norway

text: Norwegian

text: Bokmål

text: or

text: Nynorsk

text: Sami

text: Norgga

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Norway

text: is

text: sovereign

text: and

text: unitary

text: monarchy

text: whose

text: territory

text: comprises

text: the

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: Peninsula

text: plus

text: the

text: island

text: Jan

text: Mayen

text: and

text: the

text: archipelago

text: of

text: Svalbard

text: The

text: Antarctic

text: Peter

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: sub

text: Antarctic

text: Bouvet

text: Island

text: are

text: dependent

text: territories

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: Norway

text: also

text: lays

text: claim

text: to

text: section

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: known

text: as

text: Queen

text: Maud

text: Land

text: Until

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: included

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: since

text: Greenland

text: and

text: Iceland

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: Shetland

text: and

text: Orkney

text: until

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: following

text: provinces

text: now

text: in

text: Sweden

text: Jämtland

text: Härjedalen

text: and

text: Bohuslän

text: Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Europe. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark is the sovereign state that comprises Denmark proper and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has a total area of , and a population of 5.7 million. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand and Funen. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate.

text: Denmark

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: southernmost

text: and

text: smallest

text: of

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: it

text: is

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Germany

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: is

text: the

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: comprises

text: Denmark

text: proper

text: and

text: two

text: autonomous

text: constituent

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: and

text: Greenland

text: Denmark

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: The

text: country

text: consists

text: of

text: peninsula

text: Jutland

text: and

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: named

text: islands

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: being

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Funen

text: The

text: islands

text: are

text: characterised

text: by

text: flat

text: arable

text: land

text: and

text: sandy

text: coasts

text: low

text: elevation

text: and

text: temperate

text: climate

text: A campus is traditionally the land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. Usually a college campus includes libraries, lecture halls, residence halls, student centers or dining halls, and park-like settings.

text: campus

text: is

text: traditionally

text: the

text: land

text: on

text: which

text: college

text: or

text: university

text: and

text: related

text: institutional

text: buildings

text: are

text: situated

text: Usually

text: college

text: campus

text: includes

text: libraries

text: lecture

text: halls

text: residence

text: halls

text: student

text: centers

text: or

text: dining

text: halls

text: and

text: park

text: like

text: settings

text: Volcanology (also spelled vulcanology) is the study of volcanoes, lava, magma, and related geological, geophysical and geochemical phenomena. The term "volcanology" is derived from the Latin word "vulcan". Vulcan was the ancient Roman god of fire.

text: Volcanology

text: also

text: spelled

text: vulcanology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: volcanoes

text: lava

text: magma

text: and

text: related

text: geological

text: geophysical

text: and

text: geochemical

text: phenomena

text: The

text: term

text: volcanology

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: vulcan

text: Vulcan

text: was

text: the

text: ancient

text: Roman

text: god

text: of

text: fire

text: An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geology, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed. Historically, observatories were as simple as containing an astronomical sextant (for measuring the distance between stars) or Stonehenge (which has some alignments on astronomical phenomena).

text: An

text: observatory

text: is

text: location

text: used

text: for

text: observing

text: terrestrial

text: or

text: celestial

text: events

text: Astronomy

text: climatology

text: meteorology

text: geology

text: oceanography

text: and

text: volcanology

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: disciplines

text: for

text: which

text: observatories

text: have

text: been

text: constructed

text: Historically

text: observatories

text: were

text: as

text: simple

text: as

text: containing

text: an

text: astronomical

text: sextant

text: for

text: measuring

text: the

text: distance

text: between

text: stars

text: or

text: Stonehenge

text: which

text: has

text: some

text: alignments

text: on

text: astronomical

text: phenomena

text: Borders are geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Some borderssuch as a state's internal administrative border, or inter-state borders within the Schengen Areaare often open and completely unguarded. Other borders are partially or fully controlled, and may be crossed legally only at designated border checkpoints and border zones may be controlled. Mostly contentious, borders may even foster the setting up of buffer zones. A difference has also been established in academic scholarship between border and frontier, the latter denoting a state of mind rather than state boundaries.

text: Borders

text: are

text: geographic

text: boundaries

text: of

text: political

text: entities

text: or

text: legal

text: jurisdictions

text: such

text: as

text: governments

text: sovereign

text: states

text: federated

text: states

text: and

text: other

text: subnational

text: entities

text: Some

text: borderssuch

text: as

text: state

text: 's

text: internal

text: administrative

text: border

text: or

text: inter

text: state

text: borders

text: within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Areaare

text: often

text: open

text: and

text: completely

text: unguarded

text: Other

text: borders

text: are

text: partially

text: or

text: fully

text: controlled

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: crossed

text: legally

text: only

text: at

text: designated

text: border

text: checkpoints

text: and

text: border

text: zones

text: may

text: be

text: controlled

text: Mostly

text: contentious

text: borders

text: may

text: even

text: foster

text: the

text: setting

text: up

text: of

text: buffer

text: zones

text: difference

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: established

text: in

text: academic

text: scholarship

text: between

text: border

text: and

text: frontier

text: the

text: latter

text: denoting

text: state

text: of

text: mind

text: rather

text: than

text: state

text: boundaries

text: Holbæk is a town in Denmark and the seat of Holbæk municipality with a population of 26,961 (1 January 2015). The city is located in the northeastern part of Region Sjælland, Denmark.

text: Holbæk

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: Denmark

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Holbæk

text: municipality

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: January

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northeastern

text: part

text: of

text: Region

text: Sjælland

text: Denmark

text: Brorfelde Observatory ( Brorfelde Observatoriet ) is an astronomical observatory ( IAU code 054 ) home to the Brorfelde Schmidt Telescope . It was run as a branch of the Copenhagen University Observatory until 1996 . It still has telescopes that are used by University of Copenhagen students , but the staff that manned them moved to the Rockefeller Complex in Copenhagen . It is located near Holbæk , Denmark .

text: Brorfelde

text: Observatory

text: Brorfelde

text: Observatoriet

text: is

text: an

text: astronomical

text: observatory

text: IAU

text: code

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Brorfelde

text: Schmidt

text: Telescope

text: It

text: was

text: run

text: as

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Copenhagen

text: University

text: Observatory

text: until

text: It

text: still

text: has

text: telescopes

text: that

text: are

text: used

text: by

text: University

text: of

text: Copenhagen

text: students

text: but

text: the

text: staff

text: that

text: manned

text: them

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: Rockefeller

text: Complex

text: in

text: Copenhagen

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: near

text: Holbæk

text: Denmark

text: Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

text: Sweden

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Swedish

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Denmark

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: bridge

text: tunnel

text: across

text: the

text: Öresund

text: At

text: Sweden

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Sweden

text: consequently

text: has

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere. The study of meteorology dates back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the 18th century. The 19th century saw modest progress in the field after weather observation networks were formed across broad regions. Prior attempts at prediction of weather depended on historical data. It wasn't until after the elucidation of the laws of physics and, more particularly, the development of the computer, allowing for the automated solution of a great many equations that model the weather, in the latter half of the 20th century that significant breakthroughs in weather forecasting were achieved.

text: Meteorology

text: is

text: the

text: interdisciplinary

text: scientific

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: meteorology

text: dates

text: back

text: millennia

text: though

text: significant

text: progress

text: in

text: meteorology

text: did

text: not

text: occur

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: century

text: saw

text: modest

text: progress

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: after

text: weather

text: observation

text: networks

text: were

text: formed

text: across

text: broad

text: regions

text: Prior

text: attempts

text: at

text: prediction

text: of

text: weather

text: depended

text: on

text: historical

text: data

text: It

text: was

text: n't

text: until

text: after

text: the

text: elucidation

text: of

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: physics

text: and

text: more

text: particularly

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: computer

text: allowing

text: for

text: the

text: automated

text: solution

text: of

text: great

text: many

text: equations

text: that

text: model

text: the

text: weather

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: that

text: significant

text: breakthroughs

text: in

text: weather

text: forecasting

text: were

text: achieved

annotations: likely multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity brorfelde observatory

answer: holbæk municipality

text: holbæk municipality

text: holbæk municipality

text: holbæk municipality

text: holbæk municipality


text: The Middle East is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia and Egypt. The corresponding adjective is "Middle-Eastern" and the derived noun is "Middle-Easterner". The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to Far East) beginning in the early 20th century.

text: The

text: Middle

text: East

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: region

text: centered

text: on

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: Egypt

text: The

text: corresponding

text: adjective

text: is

text: Middle

text: Eastern

text: and

text: the

text: derived

text: noun

text: is

text: Middle

text: Easterner

text: The

text: term

text: has

text: come

text: into

text: wider

text: usage

text: as

text: replacement

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: Near

text: East

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: Far

text: East

text: beginning

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: The National Constituent Assembly was formed from the National Assembly on 9 July 1789 during the first stages of the French Revolution. It dissolved on 30 September 1791 and was succeeded by the Legislative Assembly.

text: The

text: National

text: Constituent

text: Assembly

text: was

text: formed

text: from

text: the

text: National

text: Assembly

text: on

text: July

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: stages

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: It

text: dissolved

text: on

text: September

text: and

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: the

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: The National Convention was the third French government of the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly. Created after the great insurrection of 10 August 1792, it was the first French government organized as a republic, abandoning the monarchy altogether. The Convention sat as a single-chamber assembly from 20 September 1792 to 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire IV under the Convention's adopted calendar).

text: The

text: National

text: Convention

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: French

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: following

text: the

text: two

text: year

text: National

text: Constituent

text: Assembly

text: and

text: the

text: one

text: year

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: Created

text: after

text: the

text: great

text: insurrection

text: of

text: August

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: French

text: government

text: organized

text: as

text: republic

text: abandoning

text: the

text: monarchy

text: altogether

text: The

text: Convention

text: sat

text: as

text: single

text: chamber

text: assembly

text: from

text: September

text: to

text: October

text: Brumaire

text: IV

text: under

text: the

text: Convention

text: 's

text: adopted

text: calendar

text: Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (6 May 1758  28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and politician. He was one of the best-known and most influential figures associated with the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror.

text: Maximilien

text: François

text: Marie

text: Isidore

text: de

text: Robespierre

text: May

text: July

text: was

text: French

text: lawyer

text: and

text: politician

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: and

text: most

text: influential

text: figures

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: and

text: the

text: Reign

text: of

text: Terror

text: The Thermidorian Reaction was a coup d'état within the French Revolution against the leaders of the Jacobin Club who had dominated the Committee of Public Safety . It was triggered by a vote of the National Convention to execute Maximilien Robespierre , Louis Antoine de Saint - Just , and several other leading members of the revolutionary government . This ended the most radical phase of the French Revolution . The name Thermidorian refers to 9 Thermidor Year II ( 27 July 1794 ) , the date according to the French Republican Calendar when Robespierre and other radical revolutionaries came under concerted attack in the National Convention . Thermidorian Reaction also refers to the remaining period until the National Convention was superseded by the Directory ; this is also sometimes called the era of the Thermidorian Convention . Prominent figures of Thermidor include Paul Barras , Jean - Lambert Tallien , and Joseph Fouché .

text: The

text: Thermidorian

text: Reaction

text: was

text: coup

text: d'état

text: within

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: against

text: the

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: Jacobin

text: Club

text: who

text: had

text: dominated

text: the

text: Committee

text: of

text: Public

text: Safety

text: It

text: was

text: triggered

text: by

text: vote

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Convention

text: to

text: execute

text: Maximilien

text: Robespierre

text: Louis

text: Antoine

text: de

text: Saint

text: Just

text: and

text: several

text: other

text: leading

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: revolutionary

text: government

text: This

text: ended

text: the

text: most

text: radical

text: phase

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: The

text: name

text: Thermidorian

text: refers

text: to

text: Thermidor

text: Year

text: II

text: July

text: the

text: date

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: Republican

text: Calendar

text: when

text: Robespierre

text: and

text: other

text: radical

text: revolutionaries

text: came

text: under

text: concerted

text: attack

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Convention

text: Thermidorian

text: Reaction

text: also

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: remaining

text: period

text: until

text: the

text: National

text: Convention

text: was

text: superseded

text: by

text: the

text: Directory

text: this

text: is

text: also

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: the

text: Thermidorian

text: Convention

text: Prominent

text: figures

text: of

text: Thermidor

text: include

text: Paul

text: Barras

text: Jean

text: Lambert

text: Tallien

text: and

text: Joseph

text: Fouché

text: Thermidor was the eleventh month in the French Republican Calendar. The month was named after the French word "thermal" which comes from the Greek word "thermos" which means "heat".

text: Thermidor

text: was

text: the

text: eleventh

text: month

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: Republican

text: Calendar

text: The

text: month

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: French

text: word

text: thermal

text: which

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: word

text: thermos

text: which

text: means

text: heat

text: The Reign of Terror (5 September 1793  28 July 1794), also known as The Terror, was a period of violence that occurred after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by conflict between two rival political factions, the Girondins and Jacobins, and marked by mass executions of "enemies of the revolution".

text: The

text: Reign

text: of

text: Terror

text: September

text: July

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Terror

text: was

text: period

text: of

text: violence

text: that

text: occurred

text: after

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: incited

text: by

text: conflict

text: between

text: two

text: rival

text: political

text: factions

text: the

text: Girondins

text: and

text: Jacobins

text: and

text: marked

text: by

text: mass

text: executions

text: of

text: enemies

text: of

text: the

text: revolution

text: Louis Antoine Léon de Saint-Just (25 August 176728 July 1794) was a military and political leader during the French Revolution. The youngest of the deputies elected to the National Convention in 1792, Saint-Just rose quickly in their ranks and became a major leader of the government of the French First Republic. He spearheaded the movement to execute King Louis XVI and later drafted the radical French Constitution of 1793.

text: Louis

text: Antoine

text: Léon

text: de

text: Saint

text: Just

text: August

text: July

text: was

text: military

text: and

text: political

text: leader

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: The

text: youngest

text: of

text: the

text: deputies

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: National

text: Convention

text: in

text: Saint

text: Just

text: rose

text: quickly

text: in

text: their

text: ranks

text: and

text: became

text: major

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: First

text: Republic

text: He

text: spearheaded

text: the

text: movement

text: to

text: execute

text: King

text: Louis

text: XVI

text: and

text: later

text: drafted

text: the

text: radical

text: French

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Napoleon Bonaparte ("Napoléon Bonaparte";  , born ""Napoleone di Buonaparte""; 15 August 1769  5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. One of the greatest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history.

text: Napoleon

text: Bonaparte

text: Napoléon

text: Bonaparte

text: born

text: Napoleone

text: di

text: Buonaparte

text: August

text: May

text: was

text: French

text: military

text: and

text: political

text: leader

text: who

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: and

text: led

text: several

text: successful

text: campaigns

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: As

text: Napoleon

text: he

text: was

text: Emperor

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: from

text: until

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: Napoleon

text: dominated

text: European

text: and

text: global

text: affairs

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: decade

text: while

text: leading

text: France

text: against

text: series

text: of

text: coalitions

text: in

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: He

text: won

text: most

text: of

text: these

text: wars

text: and

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: his

text: battles

text: building

text: large

text: empire

text: that

text: ruled

text: over

text: continental

text: Europe

text: before

text: its

text: final

text: collapse

text: in

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: commanders

text: in

text: history

text: his

text: wars

text: and

text: campaigns

text: are

text: studied

text: at

text: military

text: schools

text: worldwide

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: legacy

text: has

text: ensured

text: his

text: status

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: celebrated

text: and

text: controversial

text: leaders

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.

text: The

text: French

text: Revolution

text: was

text: period

text: of

text: far

text: reaching

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: upheaval

text: in

text: France

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: until

text: and

text: was

text: partially

text: carried

text: forward

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: during

text: the

text: later

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Empire

text: The

text: Revolution

text: overthrew

text: the

text: monarchy

text: established

text: republic

text: experienced

text: violent

text: periods

text: of

text: political

text: turmoil

text: and

text: finally

text: culminated

text: in

text: dictatorship

text: under

text: Napoleon

text: that

text: rapidly

text: brought

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: principles

text: to

text: Western

text: Europe

text: and

text: beyond

text: Inspired

text: by

text: liberal

text: and

text: radical

text: ideas

text: the

text: Revolution

text: profoundly

text: altered

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: modern

text: history

text: triggering

text: the

text: global

text: decline

text: of

text: absolute

text: monarchies

text: while

text: replacing

text: them

text: with

text: republics

text: and

text: liberal

text: democracies

text: Through

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: it

text: unleashed

text: wave

text: of

text: global

text: conflicts

text: that

text: extended

text: from

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Historians

text: widely

text: regard

text: the

text: Revolution

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: events

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: The French Republican Calendar, also commonly called the French Revolutionary Calendar ("calendrier révolutionnaire français"), was a calendar created and implemented during the French Revolution, and used by the French government for about 12 years from late 1793 to 1805, and for 18 days by the Paris Commune in 1871. The revolutionary system was designed in part to remove all religious and royalist influences from the calendar, and was part of a larger attempt at decimalisation in France (which also included decimal time of day, decimalisation of currency, and metrication).

text: The

text: French

text: Republican

text: Calendar

text: also

text: commonly

text: called

text: the

text: French

text: Revolutionary

text: Calendar

text: calendrier

text: révolutionnaire

text: français

text: was

text: calendar

text: created

text: and

text: implemented

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: and

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: government

text: for

text: about

text: years

text: from

text: late

text: to

text: and

text: for

text: days

text: by

text: the

text: Paris

text: Commune

text: in

text: The

text: revolutionary

text: system

text: was

text: designed

text: in

text: part

text: to

text: remove

text: all

text: religious

text: and

text: royalist

text: influences

text: from

text: the

text: calendar

text: and

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: larger

text: attempt

text: at

text: decimalisation

text: in

text: France

text: which

text: also

text: included

text: decimal

text: time

text: of

text: day

text: decimalisation

text: of

text: currency

text: and

text: metrication

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the global historiographical approach to the timeframe after the Post-classical history. Modern history can be further broken down into periods:

text: Modern

text: history

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: or

text: the

text: modern

text: era

text: is

text: the

text: global

text: historiographical

text: approach

text: to

text: the

text: timeframe

text: after

text: the

text: Post

text: classical

text: history

text: Modern

text: history

text: can

text: be

text: further

text: broken

text: down

text: into

text: periods

text: In the history of France, the First Republic, officially the French Republic, was founded on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution. The First Republic lasted until the declaration of the First Empire in 1804 under Napoleon, although the form of the government changed several times. This period was characterized by the fall of the monarchy, the establishment of the National Convention and the Reign of Terror, the Thermidorian Reaction and the founding of the Directory, and, finally, the creation of the Consulate and Napoleon's rise to power.

text: In

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: France

text: the

text: First

text: Republic

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: September

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: The

text: First

text: Republic

text: lasted

text: until

text: the

text: declaration

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: Empire

text: in

text: under

text: Napoleon

text: although

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: changed

text: several

text: times

text: This

text: period

text: was

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Convention

text: and

text: the

text: Reign

text: of

text: Terror

text: the

text: Thermidorian

text: Reaction

text: and

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: Directory

text: and

text: finally

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Consulate

text: and

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: rise

text: to

text: power

text: The Constitution of 1793, also known as the Constitution of the Year I or the The Montagnard Constitution, was the second constitution ratified for use during the French Revolution under the First Republic. Designed by the Montagnards, principally Maximilien Robespierre and Louis Saint-Just, it was intended to replace the outdated Constitution of 1791. With sweeping plans for democratization and wealth redistribution, the new document promised a significant departure from the relatively moderate goals of the Revolution in previous years.

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: or

text: the

text: The

text: Montagnard

text: Constitution

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: constitution

text: ratified

text: for

text: use

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: under

text: the

text: First

text: Republic

text: Designed

text: by

text: the

text: Montagnards

text: principally

text: Maximilien

text: Robespierre

text: and

text: Louis

text: Saint

text: Just

text: it

text: was

text: intended

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: outdated

text: Constitution

text: of

text: With

text: sweeping

text: plans

text: for

text: democratization

text: and

text: wealth

text: redistribution

text: the

text: new

text: document

text: promised

text: significant

text: departure

text: from

text: the

text: relatively

text: moderate

text: goals

text: of

text: the

text: Revolution

text: in

text: previous

text: years

text: A month is a unit of time, used with calendars, which is approximately as long as a natural period related to the motion of the Moon; "month" and "Moon" are cognates. The traditional concept arose with the cycle of moon phases; such months (lunations) are synodic months and last approximately 29.53 days. From excavated tally sticks, researchers have deduced that people counted days in relation to the Moon's phases as early as the Paleolithic age. Synodic months, based on the Moon's orbital period with respect to the Earth-Sun line, are still the basis of many calendars today, and are used to divide the year.

text: month

text: is

text: unit

text: of

text: time

text: used

text: with

text: calendars

text: which

text: is

text: approximately

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: natural

text: period

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: month

text: and

text: Moon

text: are

text: cognates

text: The

text: traditional

text: concept

text: arose

text: with

text: the

text: cycle

text: of

text: moon

text: phases

text: such

text: months

text: lunations

text: are

text: synodic

text: months

text: and

text: last

text: approximately

text: days

text: From

text: excavated

text: tally

text: sticks

text: researchers

text: have

text: deduced

text: that

text: people

text: counted

text: days

text: in

text: relation

text: to

text: the

text: Moon

text: 's

text: phases

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: Paleolithic

text: age

text: Synodic

text: months

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Moon

text: 's

text: orbital

text: period

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: the

text: Earth

text: Sun

text: line

text: are

text: still

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: many

text: calendars

text: today

text: and

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: divide

text: the

text: year

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of thermidorian reaction

answer: conflict

text: conflict


text: In electricity (electromagnetism), the electric susceptibility formula_1 (latin: "susceptibilis" receptive) is a dimensionless proportionality constant that indicates the degree of polarization of a dielectric material in response to an applied electric field. The greater the electric susceptibility, the greater the ability of a material to polarize in response to the field, and thereby reduce the total electric field inside the material (and store energy). It is in this way that the electric susceptibility influences the electric permittivity of the material and thus influences many other phenomena in that medium, from the capacitance of capacitors to the speed of light.

text: In

text: electricity

text: electromagnetism

text: the

text: electric

text: susceptibility

text: latin

text: susceptibilis

text: receptive

text: is

text: dimensionless

text: proportionality

text: constant

text: that

text: indicates

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: polarization

text: of

text: dielectric

text: material

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: an

text: applied

text: electric

text: field

text: The

text: greater

text: the

text: electric

text: susceptibility

text: the

text: greater

text: the

text: ability

text: of

text: material

text: to

text: polarize

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: field

text: and

text: thereby

text: reduce

text: the

text: total

text: electric

text: field

text: inside

text: the

text: material

text: and

text: store

text: energy

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: this

text: way

text: that

text: the

text: electric

text: susceptibility

text: influences

text: the

text: electric

text: permittivity

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: and

text: thus

text: influences

text: many

text: other

text: phenomena

text: in

text: that

text: medium

text: from

text: the

text: capacitance

text: of

text: capacitors

text: to

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: light

text:
In electromagnetism, electric flux is the measure of flow of the electric field through a given area. Electric flux is proportional to the number of electric field lines going through a normally perpendicular surface. If the electric field is uniform, the electric flux passing through a surface of vector area is
where is the electric field (having units of ), is its magnitude, is the area of the surface, and is the angle between the electric field lines and the normal (perpendicular) to .

text: In

text: electromagnetism

text: electric

text: flux

text: is

text: the

text: measure

text: of

text: flow

text: of

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: through

text: given

text: area

text: Electric

text: flux

text: is

text: proportional

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: electric

text: field

text: lines

text: going

text: through

text: normally

text: perpendicular

text: surface

text: If

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: is

text: uniform

text: the

text: electric

text: flux

text: passing

text: through

text: surface

text: of

text: vector

text: area

text: is

text: where

text: is

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: having

text: units

text: of

text: is

text: its

text: magnitude

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: surface

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: angle

text: between

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: lines

text: and

text: the

text: normal

text: perpendicular

text: to

text: Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles. The electromagnetic force usually exhibits electromagnetic fields such as electric fields, magnetic fields, and light and is one of the four fundamental interactions (commonly called forces) in nature. The other three fundamental interactions are the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation.

text: Electromagnetism

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: physics

text: involving

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: electromagnetic

text: force

text: type

text: of

text: physical

text: interaction

text: that

text: occurs

text: between

text: electrically

text: charged

text: particles

text: The

text: electromagnetic

text: force

text: usually

text: exhibits

text: electromagnetic

text: fields

text: such

text: as

text: electric

text: fields

text: magnetic

text: fields

text: and

text: light

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: fundamental

text: interactions

text: commonly

text: called

text: forces

text: in

text: nature

text: The

text: other

text: three

text: fundamental

text: interactions

text: are

text: the

text: strong

text: interaction

text: the

text: weak

text: interaction

text: and

text: gravitation

text: In electromagnetism, permittivity or absolute permittivity is the measure of resistance that is encountered when forming an electric field in a medium. In other words, permittivity is a measure of how an electric field affects, and is affected by, a dielectric medium. The permittivity of a medium describes how much electric field (more correctly, flux) is 'generated' per unit charge in that medium. More electric flux exists in a medium with a low permittivity (per unit charge) because of polarization effects. Permittivity is directly related to electric susceptibility, which is a measure of how easily a dielectric polarizes in response to an electric field. Thus, permittivity relates to a material's ability to resist an electric field (while, unfortunately, the word stem "permit" suggests the inverse quantity).

text: In

text: electromagnetism

text: permittivity

text: or

text: absolute

text: permittivity

text: is

text: the

text: measure

text: of

text: resistance

text: that

text: is

text: encountered

text: when

text: forming

text: an

text: electric

text: field

text: in

text: medium

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: permittivity

text: is

text: measure

text: of

text: how

text: an

text: electric

text: field

text: affects

text: and

text: is

text: affected

text: by

text: dielectric

text: medium

text: The

text: permittivity

text: of

text: medium

text: describes

text: how

text: much

text: electric

text: field

text: more

text: correctly

text: flux

text: is

text: generated

text: per

text: unit

text: charge

text: in

text: that

text: medium

text: More

text: electric

text: flux

text: exists

text: in

text: medium

text: with

text: low

text: permittivity

text: per

text: unit

text: charge

text: because

text: of

text: polarization

text: effects

text: Permittivity

text: is

text: directly

text: related

text: to

text: electric

text: susceptibility

text: which

text: is

text: measure

text: of

text: how

text: easily

text: dielectric

text: polarizes

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: an

text: electric

text: field

text: Thus

text: permittivity

text: relates

text: to

text: material

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: resist

text: an

text: electric

text: field

text: while

text: unfortunately

text: the

text: word

text: stem

text: permit

text: suggests

text: the

text: inverse

text: quantity

text: The relative permittivity of a material is its dielectric permittivity expressed as a ratio relative to the permittivity of vacuum . Permittivity is a material property that affects the Coulomb force between two point charges in the material . Relative permittivity is the factor by which the electric field between the charges is decreased relative to vacuum . Likewise , relative permittivity is the ratio of the capacitance of a capacitor using that material as a dielectric , compared to a similar capacitor that has vacuum as its dielectric . Relative permittivity is also commonly known as dielectric constant , a term deprecated in physics and engineering , but one which is still commonly used in chemistry .

text: The

text: relative

text: permittivity

text: of

text: material

text: is

text: its

text: dielectric

text: permittivity

text: expressed

text: as

text: ratio

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: permittivity

text: of

text: vacuum

text: Permittivity

text: is

text: material

text: property

text: that

text: affects

text: the

text: Coulomb

text: force

text: between

text: two

text: point

text: charges

text: in

text: the

text: material

text: Relative

text: permittivity

text: is

text: the

text: factor

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: electric

text: field

text: between

text: the

text: charges

text: is

text: decreased

text: relative

text: to

text: vacuum

text: Likewise

text: relative

text: permittivity

text: is

text: the

text: ratio

text: of

text: the

text: capacitance

text: of

text: capacitor

text: using

text: that

text: material

text: as

text: dielectric

text: compared

text: to

text: similar

text: capacitor

text: that

text: has

text: vacuum

text: as

text: its

text: dielectric

text: Relative

text: permittivity

text: is

text: also

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: dielectric

text: constant

text: term

text: deprecated

text: in

text: physics

text: and

text: engineering

text: but

text: one

text: which

text: is

text: still

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: chemistry

text: An ion is an atom or a molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving the atom or molecule a net positive or negative electrical charge. Ions can be created, by either chemical or physical means, via ionization.

text: An

text: ion

text: is

text: an

text: atom

text: or

text: molecule

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: electrons

text: is

text: not

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: protons

text: giving

text: the

text: atom

text: or

text: molecule

text: net

text: positive

text: or

text: negative

text: electrical

text: charge

text: Ions

text: can

text: be

text: created

text: by

text: either

text: chemical

text: or

text: physical

text: means

text: via

text: ionization

annotations: follows multiple

question: part_of relative permittivity

answer: electromagnetism

text: electromagnetism

text: electromagnetism

text: electromagnetism

text: electromagnetism