text:
Øresund or Öresund is a strait which forms the DanishSwedish border,
separating Sjælland (Denmark) from Skåne (Sweden).
The strait has a length of and the width varies from to . It is wide at its narrowest point between Helsingør in Denmark and Helsingborg in Sweden.

text: Øresund

text: or

text: Öresund

text: is

text: strait

text: which

text: forms

text: the

text: DanishSwedish

text: border

text: separating

text: Sjælland

text: Denmark

text: from

text: Skåne

text: Sweden

text: The

text: strait

text: has

text: length

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: width

text: varies

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: is

text: wide

text: at

text: its

text: narrowest

text: point

text: between

text: Helsingør

text: in

text: Denmark

text: and

text: Helsingborg

text: in

text: Sweden

text: Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Europe. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark is the sovereign state that comprises Denmark proper and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has a total area of , and a population of 5.7 million. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand and Funen. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate.

text: Denmark

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: southernmost

text: and

text: smallest

text: of

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: it

text: is

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Germany

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: is

text: the

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: comprises

text: Denmark

text: proper

text: and

text: two

text: autonomous

text: constituent

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: and

text: Greenland

text: Denmark

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: The

text: country

text: consists

text: of

text: peninsula

text: Jutland

text: and

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: named

text: islands

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: being

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Funen

text: The

text: islands

text: are

text: characterised

text: by

text: flat

text: arable

text: land

text: and

text: sandy

text: coasts

text: low

text: elevation

text: and

text: temperate

text: climate

text: Amager (or, especially among older speakers) is a Danish island in the Øresund. The Danish capital, Copenhagen, is partly situated on Amager, which is connected to the much larger island of Zealand by five bridges. Amager also has a connection across the Øresund to Sweden, the Øresund Bridge. Its western part begins with a tunnel from Amager to another Danish island, Peberholm. Copenhagen Airport is located on the island, around from Copenhagen city centre. Amager is the largest island in the Øresund, and the only one with a large population. , 192,709 people live on the island, including its northern tip, Christianshavn. The northern part is included in the Copenhagen municipality. The middle part comprises Tårnby municipality, and Dragør municipality is located on the southeast part of the island. Most of the western part is land that was reclaimed from the sea from the 1930s-1950s. This enlargement, from the shallow sound towards Zealand, is known as "Kalveboderne". The enlargement has never been built-up and its soil isn't suitable for agricultural use. However the area between Dragør town and the airport is cultivated land of high quality. Amager has in the past been referred to as the "kitchen of Copenhagen". At the border of the enlargement there is an old beech forest, "Kongelunden" (The King's Grove).

text: Amager

text: or

text: especially

text: among

text: older

text: speakers

text: is

text: Danish

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Øresund

text: The

text: Danish

text: capital

text: Copenhagen

text: is

text: partly

text: situated

text: on

text: Amager

text: which

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: much

text: larger

text: island

text: of

text: Zealand

text: by

text: five

text: bridges

text: Amager

text: also

text: has

text: connection

text: across

text: the

text: Øresund

text: to

text: Sweden

text: the

text: Øresund

text: Bridge

text: Its

text: western

text: part

text: begins

text: with

text: tunnel

text: from

text: Amager

text: to

text: another

text: Danish

text: island

text: Peberholm

text: Copenhagen

text: Airport

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: around

text: from

text: Copenhagen

text: city

text: centre

text: Amager

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Øresund

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: with

text: large

text: population

text: people

text: live

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: including

text: its

text: northern

text: tip

text: Christianshavn

text: The

text: northern

text: part

text: is

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Copenhagen

text: municipality

text: The

text: middle

text: part

text: comprises

text: Tårnby

text: municipality

text: and

text: Dragør

text: municipality

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: is

text: land

text: that

text: was

text: reclaimed

text: from

text: the

text: sea

text: from

text: the

text: This

text: enlargement

text: from

text: the

text: shallow

text: sound

text: towards

text: Zealand

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Kalveboderne

text: The

text: enlargement

text: has

text: never

text: been

text: built

text: up

text: and

text: its

text: soil

text: is

text: n't

text: suitable

text: for

text: agricultural

text: use

text: However

text: the

text: area

text: between

text: Dragør

text: town

text: and

text: the

text: airport

text: is

text: cultivated

text: land

text: of

text: high

text: quality

text: Amager

text: has

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: kitchen

text: of

text: Copenhagen

text: At

text: the

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: enlargement

text: there

text: is

text: an

text: old

text: beech

text: forest

text: Kongelunden

text: The

text: King

text: 's

text: Grove

text: The Copenhagen metropolitan area (or Metropolitan Copenhagen) is a large commuter belt (the area in which it is practical to commute to work) surrounding Copenhagen, the capital of Denmark. It is known to include Copenhagen Municipality, Frederiksberg and surrounding municipalities stretching westward across Zealand. It has densely-populated core surrounded by suburban settlements.

text: The

text: Copenhagen

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: or

text: Metropolitan

text: Copenhagen

text: is

text: large

text: commuter

text: belt

text: the

text: area

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: practical

text: to

text: commute

text: to

text: work

text: surrounding

text: Copenhagen

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Denmark

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: to

text: include

text: Copenhagen

text: Municipality

text: Frederiksberg

text: and

text: surrounding

text: municipalities

text: stretching

text: westward

text: across

text: Zealand

text: It

text: has

text: densely

text: populated

text: core

text: surrounded

text: by

text: suburban

text: settlements

text: Copenhagen (, ); ) is the capital and most populated city of Denmark. It has a municipal population of 591,481 and a larger urban population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants. The city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand; another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road.

text: Copenhagen

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: city

text: of

text: Denmark

text: It

text: has

text: municipal

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: larger

text: urban

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: Copenhagen

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: has

text: just

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Zealand

text: another

text: small

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: Amager

text: and

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Malmö

text: Sweden

text: by

text: the

text: strait

text: of

text: Øresund

text: The

text: Øresund

text: Bridge

text: connects

text: the

text: two

text: cities

text: by

text: rail

text: and

text: road

text: Sorø is a town in Sorø municipality in Region Sjælland on the island of Zealand ("Sjælland") in east Denmark. The population is 7,866 (2016). The municipal council and the regional council are located in Sorø.

text: Sorø

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: Sorø

text: municipality

text: in

text: Region

text: Sjælland

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Zealand

text: Sjælland

text: in

text: east

text: Denmark

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: The

text: municipal

text: council

text: and

text: the

text: regional

text: council

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Sorø

text: The Øresund/Öresund/Oresund Bridge (, , hybrid name: "") is a combined railway and motorway bridge across the Øresund strait between Sweden and Denmark. The bridge runs nearly from the Swedish coast to the artificial island Peberholm in the middle of the strait. The crossing is completed by the Drogden Tunnel from Peberholm to the Danish island of Amager.

text: The

text: Øresund

text: Öresund

text: Oresund

text: Bridge

text: hybrid

text: name

text: is

text: combined

text: railway

text: and

text: motorway

text: bridge

text: across

text: the

text: Øresund

text: strait

text: between

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Denmark

text: The

text: bridge

text: runs

text: nearly

text: from

text: the

text: Swedish

text: coast

text: to

text: the

text: artificial

text: island

text: Peberholm

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: strait

text: The

text: crossing

text: is

text: completed

text: by

text: the

text: Drogden

text: Tunnel

text: from

text: Peberholm

text: to

text: the

text: Danish

text: island

text: of

text: Amager

text: Malmö  is the capital and largest city of the Swedish county of Scania. Malmö is the third largest city in Sweden, after Stockholm and Gothenburg, and the 6th biggest city in the Nordic countries, with a population of above 300,000. The Malmö Metropolitan Region is home to 700,000 people, and the Øresund Region, which includes Malmö, is home to 3.9 million people.

text: Malmö

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Swedish

text: county

text: of

text: Scania

text: Malmö

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Sweden

text: after

text: Stockholm

text: and

text: Gothenburg

text: and

text: the

text: biggest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: above

text: The

text: Malmö

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: Øresund

text: Region

text: which

text: includes

text: Malmö

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

text: Sweden

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Swedish

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Denmark

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: bridge

text: tunnel

text: across

text: the

text: Öresund

text: At

text: Sweden

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Sweden

text: consequently

text: has

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Zealand is the largest (7,031 km) and most populated island in Denmark with a population of 2,267,659 (39% of Denmark's total as of January 2016).

text: Zealand

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: km

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: island

text: in

text: Denmark

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: of

text: Denmark

text: 's

text: total

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: Sorø Municipality is a municipality (Danish, "kommune") in Region Sjælland on the island of Zealand ("Sjælland") in east Denmark. The municipality covers an area of , and has a total population of 29,331 (2015). The main town and the site of its municipal council is the town of Sorø. Other towns in the municipality are Dianalund, Stenlille, and Ruds Vedby.

text: Sorø

text: Municipality

text: is

text: municipality

text: Danish

text: kommune

text: in

text: Region

text: Sjælland

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Zealand

text: Sjælland

text: in

text: east

text: Denmark

text: The

text: municipality

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: main

text: town

text: and

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: its

text: municipal

text: council

text: is

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Sorø

text: Other

text: towns

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: are

text: Dianalund

text: Stenlille

text: and

text: Ruds

text: Vedby

text: Stephan Hansen Stephanius ( July 23 , 1599 -- April 22 , 1650 ) , born in Copenhagen , was a Danish royal historiographer and professor in Sorø . His name is sometimes fully Latinized as `` Stephanus Johannis Stephanius '' . He published a Latin edition of the Gesta Danorum in 1645 titled Saxonis Grammatici Historiæ Danicæ Libri XVI . His notes on the Greek lexicon of Hesychius are included in the edition of that work by Joannes Alberti ( Lugd . Bat . 1746 ) ; see the Praefatio p.XXXIV .

text: Stephan

text: Hansen

text: Stephanius

text: July

text: April

text: born

text: in

text: Copenhagen

text: was

text: Danish

text: royal

text: historiographer

text: and

text: professor

text: in

text: Sorø

text: His

text: name

text: is

text: sometimes

text: fully

text: Latinized

text: as

text: Stephanus

text: Johannis

text: Stephanius

text: He

text: published

text: Latin

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Gesta

text: Danorum

text: in

text: titled

text: Saxonis

text: Grammatici

text: Historiæ

text: Danicæ

text: Libri

text: XVI

text: His

text: notes

text: on

text: the

text: Greek

text: lexicon

text: of

text: Hesychius

text: are

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: edition

text: of

text: that

text: work

text: by

text: Joannes

text: Alberti

text: Lugd

text: Bat

text: see

text: the

text: Praefatio

text: XXXIV

annotations: follows single

question: country_of_citizenship stephanius

answer: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark

text: denmark


text: The National Romantic style was a Nordic architectural style that was part of the National Romantic movement during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It is often considered to be a form of Art Nouveau.

text: The

text: National

text: Romantic

text: style

text: was

text: Nordic

text: architectural

text: style

text: that

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Romantic

text: movement

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: form

text: of

text: Art

text: Nouveau

text: Art Nouveau (Anglicised to ) is an international style of art, architecture and applied art, especially the decorative arts, that was most popular between 1890 and 1910. A reaction to the academic art of the 19th century, it was inspired by natural forms and structures, particularly the curved lines of plants and flowers.

text: Art

text: Nouveau

text: Anglicised

text: to

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: style

text: of

text: art

text: architecture

text: and

text: applied

text: art

text: especially

text: the

text: decorative

text: arts

text: that

text: was

text: most

text: popular

text: between

text: and

text: reaction

text: to

text: the

text: academic

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: natural

text: forms

text: and

text: structures

text: particularly

text: the

text: curved

text: lines

text: of

text: plants

text: and

text: flowers

text: Dragestil ( `` Dragon Style '' ) is a style of design and architecture that was widely used in Scandinavia principally between 1880 and 1910 . It is a variant of the more embracing National Romantic style and an expression of Romantic nationalism .

text: Dragestil

text: Dragon

text: Style

text: is

text: style

text: of

text: design

text: and

text: architecture

text: that

text: was

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: Scandinavia

text: principally

text: between

text: and

text: It

text: is

text: variant

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: embracing

text: National

text: Romantic

text: style

text: and

text: an

text: expression

text: of

text: Romantic

text: nationalism

text:
Romantic nationalism (also national romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of nationalism in which the state derives its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs. This includes, depending on the particular manner of practice, the language, race, culture, religion, and customs of the "nation" in its primal sense of those who were "born" within its culture. This form of nationalism arose in reaction to dynastic or imperial hegemony, which assessed the legitimacy of the state from the "top down", emanating from a monarch or other authority, which justified its existence. Such downward-radiating power might ultimately derive from a god or gods
(see the divine right of kings and the Mandate of Heaven).

text: Romantic

text: nationalism

text: also

text: national

text: romanticism

text: organic

text: nationalism

text: identity

text: nationalism

text: is

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: nationalism

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: state

text: derives

text: its

text: political

text: legitimacy

text: as

text: an

text: organic

text: consequence

text: of

text: the

text: unity

text: of

text: those

text: it

text: governs

text: This

text: includes

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: particular

text: manner

text: of

text: practice

text: the

text: language

text: race

text: culture

text: religion

text: and

text: customs

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: in

text: its

text: primal

text: sense

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: were

text: born

text: within

text: its

text: culture

text: This

text: form

text: of

text: nationalism

text: arose

text: in

text: reaction

text: to

text: dynastic

text: or

text: imperial

text: hegemony

text: which

text: assessed

text: the

text: legitimacy

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: from

text: the

text: top

text: down

text: emanating

text: from

text: monarch

text: or

text: other

text: authority

text: which

text: justified

text: its

text: existence

text: Such

text: downward

text: radiating

text: power

text: might

text: ultimately

text: derive

text: from

text: god

text: or

text: gods

text: see

text: the

text: divine

text: right

text: of

text: kings

text: and

text: the

text: Mandate

text: of

text: Heaven

annotations: follows multiple

question: architectural_style dragestil

answer: art nouveau

text: art nouveau

text: art nouveau


text: Beth Nahrain or Bet Nahrain or ("house (of the) rivers") is the Assyrian name for the region known as Mesopotamia in the Syriac language (Greek "land between the rivers") as well as its surrounding periphery. Geographically, it refers to the areas around the Euphrates and Tigris rivers (as well as their tributaries). The Aramaic name loosely describes the area of the rivers, not between the rivers, as the literal Greek term does, but both names refer to the same region.

text: Beth

text: Nahrain

text: or

text: Bet

text: Nahrain

text: or

text: house

text: of

text: the

text: rivers

text: is

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: region

text: known

text: as

text: Mesopotamia

text: in

text: the

text: Syriac

text: language

text: Greek

text: land

text: between

text: the

text: rivers

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: surrounding

text: periphery

text: Geographically

text: it

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: areas

text: around

text: the

text: Euphrates

text: and

text: Tigris

text: rivers

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: their

text: tributaries

text: The

text: Aramaic

text: name

text: loosely

text: describes

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: rivers

text: not

text: between

text: the

text: rivers

text: as

text: the

text: literal

text: Greek

text: term

text: does

text: but

text: both

text: names

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: same

text: region

text: A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his/her work, typically to solve mathematical problems.

text: mathematician

text: is

text: someone

text: who

text: uses

text: an

text: extensive

text: knowledge

text: of

text: mathematics

text: in

text: his

text: her

text: work

text: typically

text: to

text: solve

text: mathematical

text: problems

text: The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great rivers that define Mesopotamia, the other being the Euphrates. The river flows south from the mountains of southeastern Turkey through Iraq and empties itself into the Persian Gulf.

text: The

text: Tigris

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: great

text: rivers

text: that

text: define

text: Mesopotamia

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: the

text: Euphrates

text: The

text: river

text: flows

text: south

text: from

text: the

text: mountains

text: of

text: southeastern

text: Turkey

text: through

text: Iraq

text: and

text: empties

text: itself

text: into

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: The Euphrates (Sumerian: : "Buranuna", : "Purattu", : "al-Furt", : "Prt", : "Yeprat", : "Perat", ) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia. Originating in eastern Turkey, the Euphrates flows through Syria and Iraq to join the Tigris in the Shatt al-Arab, which empties into the Persian Gulf.

text: The

text: Euphrates

text: Sumerian

text: Buranuna

text: Purattu

text: al

text: Furt

text: Prt

text: Yeprat

text: Perat

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: historically

text: important

text: rivers

text: of

text: Western

text: Asia

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: Tigris

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: defining

text: rivers

text: of

text: Mesopotamia

text: Originating

text: in

text: eastern

text: Turkey

text: the

text: Euphrates

text: flows

text: through

text: Syria

text: and

text: Iraq

text: to

text: join

text: the

text: Tigris

text: in

text: the

text: Shatt

text: al

text: Arab

text: which

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.

text: Turkey

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Turkish

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: mainly

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: with

text: smaller

text: portion

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Turkey

text: is

text: democratic

text: secular

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: with

text: diverse

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: Turkey

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: eight

text: countries

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Armenia

text: the

text: Azerbaijani

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: which

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: divide

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: they

text: also

text: separate

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: location

text: has

text: given

text: it

text: geopolitical

text: and

text: strategic

text: importance

text: throughout

text: history

text: Assyria was a major Mesopotamian East Semitic-speaking kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East. It existed as an independent state from perhaps as early as the 25th century BC in the form of the Assur city-state, until its lapse between 612 BC and 599 BC, spanning the Early to Middle Bronze Age through to the late Iron Age.

text: Assyria

text: was

text: major

text: Mesopotamian

text: East

text: Semitic

text: speaking

text: kingdom

text: and

text: empire

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Near

text: East

text: It

text: existed

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: state

text: from

text: perhaps

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Assur

text: city

text: state

text: until

text: its

text: lapse

text: between

text: BC

text: and

text: BC

text: spanning

text: the

text: Early

text: to

text: Middle

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: Iron

text: Age

text: Ibn Qurra made important discoveries in algebra, geometry, and astronomy. In astronomy, Thabit is considered one of the first reformers of the Ptolemaic system, and in mechanics he was a founder of statics.

text: Ibn

text: Qurra

text: made

text: important

text: discoveries

text: in

text: algebra

text: geometry

text: and

text: astronomy

text: In

text: astronomy

text: Thabit

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: reformers

text: of

text: the

text: Ptolemaic

text: system

text: and

text: in

text: mechanics

text: he

text: was

text: founder

text: of

text: statics

text: Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.

text: Iraq

text: or

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iraq

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Baghdad

text: The

text: main

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: are

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Kurds

text: others

text: include

text: Assyrians

text: Turkmen

text: Shabakis

text: Yazidis

text: Armenians

text: Mandeans

text: Circassians

text: and

text: Kawliya

text: Around

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: citizens

text: are

text: Muslims

text: with

text: Christianity

text: Yarsan

text: Yezidism

text: and

text: Mandeanism

text: also

text: present

text: The

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: Iraq

text: are

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Kurdish

text: A sphere (from Greek   "sphaira", "globe, ball") is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely round ball, (viz., analogous to a circular object in two dimensions).

text: sphere

text: from

text: Greek

text: sphaira

text: globe

text: ball

text: is

text: perfectly

text: round

text: geometrical

text: object

text: in

text: three

text: dimensional

text: space

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: completely

text: round

text: ball

text: viz

text: analogous

text: to

text: circular

text: object

text: in

text: two

text: dimensions

text: Algebra (from Arabic ""al-jabr"" meaning "reunion of broken parts") is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis. In its most general form, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols; it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics. As such, it includes everything from elementary equation solving to the study of abstractions such as groups, rings, and fields. The more basic parts of algebra are called elementary algebra, the more abstract parts are called abstract algebra or modern algebra. Elementary algebra is generally considered to be essential for any study of mathematics, science, or engineering, as well as such applications as medicine and economics. Abstract algebra is a major area in advanced mathematics, studied primarily by professional mathematicians.

text: Algebra

text: from

text: Arabic

text: al

text: jabr

text: meaning

text: reunion

text: of

text: broken

text: parts

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: broad

text: parts

text: of

text: mathematics

text: together

text: with

text: number

text: theory

text: geometry

text: and

text: analysis

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: algebra

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: mathematical

text: symbols

text: and

text: the

text: rules

text: for

text: manipulating

text: these

text: symbols

text: it

text: is

text: unifying

text: thread

text: of

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: mathematics

text: As

text: such

text: it

text: includes

text: everything

text: from

text: elementary

text: equation

text: solving

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: abstractions

text: such

text: as

text: groups

text: rings

text: and

text: fields

text: The

text: more

text: basic

text: parts

text: of

text: algebra

text: are

text: called

text: elementary

text: algebra

text: the

text: more

text: abstract

text: parts

text: are

text: called

text: abstract

text: algebra

text: or

text: modern

text: algebra

text: Elementary

text: algebra

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: essential

text: for

text: any

text: study

text: of

text: mathematics

text: science

text: or

text: engineering

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: such

text: applications

text: as

text: medicine

text: and

text: economics

text: Abstract

text: algebra

text: is

text: major

text: area

text: in

text: advanced

text: mathematics

text: studied

text: primarily

text: by

text: professional

text: mathematicians

text: Mesopotamia ("[land] between rivers"; from Ancient Armenian  (Mijagetq); "bild ar-rfidayn" "miyn rodn"; "Beth Nahrain" "land of rivers") is a name for the area of the TigrisEuphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish-Syrian and IranIraq borders.

text: Mesopotamia

text: land

text: between

text: rivers

text: from

text: Ancient

text: Armenian

text: Mijagetq

text: bild

text: ar

text: rfidayn

text: miyn

text: rodn

text: Beth

text: Nahrain

text: land

text: of

text: rivers

text: is

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: TigrisEuphrates

text: river

text: system

text: in

text: modern

text: days

text: roughly

text: corresponding

text: to

text: most

text: of

text: Iraq

text: plus

text: Kuwait

text: the

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: Syria

text: Southeastern

text: Turkey

text: and

text: regions

text: along

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Syrian

text: and

text: IranIraq

text: borders

text: A Muslim is someone who follows or practises Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion. Muslims consider the Quran (Koran), their holy book, to be the verbatim word of God as revealed to the Islamic prophet and messenger Muhammad. They also follow the teachings and practices of Muhammad ("sunnah ") as recorded in traditional accounts ("hadith"). "Muslim" is an Arabic word meaning "one who submits (to God)".

text: Muslim

text: is

text: someone

text: who

text: follows

text: or

text: practises

text: Islam

text: monotheistic

text: Abrahamic

text: religion

text: Muslims

text: consider

text: the

text: Quran

text: Koran

text: their

text: holy

text: book

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: verbatim

text: word

text: of

text: God

text: as

text: revealed

text: to

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: and

text: messenger

text: Muhammad

text: They

text: also

text: follow

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: practices

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: sunnah

text: as

text: recorded

text: in

text: traditional

text: accounts

text: hadith

text: Muslim

text: is

text: an

text: Arabic

text: word

text: meaning

text: one

text: who

text: submits

text: to

text: God

text: An empire is defined as "an aggregate of nations or people ruled over by an emperor or other powerful sovereign or government, usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom, as the former British Empire, French Empire, Brazilian Empire, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Byzantine Empire or Roman Empire." An empire can be made solely of contiguous territories such as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, or of territories far remote from the homeland, such as a colonial empire.

text: An

text: empire

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: an

text: aggregate

text: of

text: nations

text: or

text: people

text: ruled

text: over

text: by

text: an

text: emperor

text: or

text: other

text: powerful

text: sovereign

text: or

text: government

text: usually

text: territory

text: of

text: greater

text: extent

text: than

text: kingdom

text: as

text: the

text: former

text: British

text: Empire

text: French

text: Empire

text: Brazilian

text: Empire

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: or

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: An

text: empire

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: solely

text: of

text: contiguous

text: territories

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: or

text: of

text: territories

text: far

text: remote

text: from

text: the

text: homeland

text: such

text: as

text: colonial

text: empire

text: A hadith (or  plural: ahadith, ) is one of various reports describing the words, actions, or habits of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The term comes from Arabic meaning a "report", "account" or "narrative". Hadith are second only to the Quran in developing Islamic jurisprudence, and regarded as important tools for understanding the Quran and commentaries ("tafsir") written on it. Some important elements of traditional Islam, such as the five salat prayers, are mentioned in hadith.

text: hadith

text: or

text: plural

text: ahadith

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: various

text: reports

text: describing

text: the

text: words

text: actions

text: or

text: habits

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: The

text: term

text: comes

text: from

text: Arabic

text: meaning

text: report

text: account

text: or

text: narrative

text: Hadith

text: are

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: Quran

text: in

text: developing

text: Islamic

text: jurisprudence

text: and

text: regarded

text: as

text: important

text: tools

text: for

text: understanding

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: commentaries

text: tafsir

text: written

text: on

text: it

text: Some

text: important

text: elements

text: of

text: traditional

text: Islam

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: five

text: salat

text: prayers

text: are

text: mentioned

text: in

text: hadith

text: A city-state is a sovereign state that consists of a city and its dependent territories. Historically, this included cities such as Rome, Athens, Carthage, and the Italian city-states during the Renaissancebut today only a handful of sovereign city-states exist, with some disagreement as to which are city-states. A great deal of consensus exists that the term properly applies to Singapore, Monaco, and Vatican City.

text: city

text: state

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: dependent

text: territories

text: Historically

text: this

text: included

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Rome

text: Athens

text: Carthage

text: and

text: the

text: Italian

text: city

text: states

text: during

text: the

text: Renaissancebut

text: today

text: only

text: handful

text: of

text: sovereign

text: city

text: states

text: exist

text: with

text: some

text: disagreement

text: as

text: to

text: which

text: are

text: city

text: states

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: consensus

text: exists

text: that

text: the

text: term

text: properly

text: applies

text: to

text: Singapore

text: Monaco

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, northeastern Syria and Kuwait), ancient Egypt, ancient Iran (Elam, Media, Parthia and Persia), Anatolia/Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Jordan), Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula. The ancient Near East is studied in the fields of Near Eastern archaeology and ancient history.

text: The

text: ancient

text: Near

text: East

text: was

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: early

text: civilizations

text: within

text: region

text: roughly

text: corresponding

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: Middle

text: East

text: Mesopotamia

text: modern

text: Iraq

text: southeast

text: Turkey

text: southwest

text: Iran

text: northeastern

text: Syria

text: and

text: Kuwait

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: ancient

text: Iran

text: Elam

text: Media

text: Parthia

text: and

text: Persia

text: Anatolia

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: and

text: Armenian

text: Highlands

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: Eastern

text: Anatolia

text: Region

text: Armenia

text: northwestern

text: Iran

text: southern

text: Georgia

text: and

text: western

text: Azerbaijan

text: the

text: Levant

text: modern

text: Syria

text: Lebanon

text: Palestine

text: Israel

text: and

text: Jordan

text: Cyprus

text: and

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: The

text: ancient

text: Near

text: East

text: is

text: studied

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: Near

text: Eastern

text: archaeology

text: and

text: ancient

text: history

text: The Quran (; ', literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran"') is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God ("Allah"). It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature. The Quran is divided into chapters ("surah" in Arabic), which are then divided into verses ("ayah").

text: The

text: Quran

text: literally

text: meaning

text: the

text: recitation

text: also

text: romanized

text: Qur'an

text: or

text: Koran

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: religious

text: text

text: of

text: Islam

text: which

text: Muslims

text: believe

text: to

text: be

text: revelation

text: from

text: God

text: Allah

text: It

text: is

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: finest

text: work

text: in

text: classical

text: Arabic

text: literature

text: The

text: Quran

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: chapters

text: surah

text: in

text: Arabic

text: which

text: are

text: then

text: divided

text: into

text: verses

text: ayah

text:
Mechanics (Greek ) is an area of science concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment.
The scientific discipline has its origins in Ancient Greece with the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Khayaam, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.
It is a branch of classical physics that deals with particles that are either at rest or are moving with velocities significantly less than the speed of light.
It can also be defined as a branch of science which deals with the motion of and forces on objects.

text: Mechanics

text: Greek

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: science

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: behaviour

text: of

text: physical

text: bodies

text: when

text: subjected

text: to

text: forces

text: or

text: displacements

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: bodies

text: on

text: their

text: environment

text: The

text: scientific

text: discipline

text: has

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: with

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: and

text: Archimedes

text: see

text: History

text: of

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: and

text: Timeline

text: of

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: period

text: scientists

text: such

text: as

text: Khayaam

text: Galileo

text: Kepler

text: and

text: Newton

text: laid

text: the

text: foundation

text: for

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: It

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: classical

text: physics

text: that

text: deals

text: with

text: particles

text: that

text: are

text: either

text: at

text: rest

text: or

text: are

text: moving

text: with

text: velocities

text: significantly

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: light

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: defined

text: as

text: branch

text: of

text: science

text: which

text: deals

text: with

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: and

text: forces

text: on

text: objects

text: The Tigris and Euphrates, with their tributaries, form a major river system in Western Asia. From sources in the Taurus mountains of eastern Turkey they flow by/through Syria through Iraq into the Persian Gulf. The system is part of the Palearctic TigrisEuphrates ecoregion, which includes Iraq and parts of Turkey, Syria, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Jordan.

text: The

text: Tigris

text: and

text: Euphrates

text: with

text: their

text: tributaries

text: form

text: major

text: river

text: system

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: From

text: sources

text: in

text: the

text: Taurus

text: mountains

text: of

text: eastern

text: Turkey

text: they

text: flow

text: by

text: through

text: Syria

text: through

text: Iraq

text: into

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: The

text: system

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Palearctic

text: TigrisEuphrates

text: ecoregion

text: which

text: includes

text: Iraq

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Syria

text: Iran

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Kuwait

text: and

text: Jordan

text: Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is a term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world. It is the period in which Greek and Roman society flourished and wielded great influence throughout Europe, North Africa and Southwestern Asia.

text: Classical

text: antiquity

text: also

text: the

text: classical

text: era

text: classical

text: period

text: or

text: classical

text: age

text: is

text: term

text: for

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: cultural

text: history

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: comprising

text: the

text: interlocking

text: civilizations

text: of

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: and

text: ancient

text: Rome

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: which

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: society

text: flourished

text: and

text: wielded

text: great

text: influence

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: Southwestern

text: Asia

text: Near East is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia. Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles, the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire. The term has fallen into disuse in English and has been replaced by the terms "Middle East" and "West Asia".

text: Near

text: East

text: is

text: geographical

text: term

text: that

text: roughly

text: encompasses

text: Western

text: Asia

text: Despite

text: having

text: varying

text: definitions

text: within

text: different

text: academic

text: circles

text: the

text: term

text: was

text: originally

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: maximum

text: extent

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: The

text: term

text: has

text: fallen

text: into

text: disuse

text: in

text: English

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: terms

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: West

text: Asia

text: Calculus (from Latin "calculus", literally "small pebble used for counting") is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations. It has two major branches, differential calculus (concerning rates of change and slopes of curves), and integral calculus (concerning accumulation of quantities and the areas under and between curves); these two branches are related to each other by the fundamental theorem of calculus. Both branches make use of the fundamental notions of convergence of infinite sequences and infinite series to a well-defined limit. Generally, modern calculus is considered to have been developed in the 17th century by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz. Today, calculus has widespread uses in science, engineering and economics.

text: Calculus

text: from

text: Latin

text: calculus

text: literally

text: small

text: pebble

text: used

text: for

text: counting

text: is

text: the

text: mathematical

text: study

text: of

text: continuous

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: way

text: that

text: geometry

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: shape

text: and

text: algebra

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: generalizations

text: of

text: arithmetic

text: operations

text: It

text: has

text: two

text: major

text: branches

text: differential

text: calculus

text: concerning

text: rates

text: of

text: change

text: and

text: slopes

text: of

text: curves

text: and

text: integral

text: calculus

text: concerning

text: accumulation

text: of

text: quantities

text: and

text: the

text: areas

text: under

text: and

text: between

text: curves

text: these

text: two

text: branches

text: are

text: related

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: by

text: the

text: fundamental

text: theorem

text: of

text: calculus

text: Both

text: branches

text: make

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: fundamental

text: notions

text: of

text: convergence

text: of

text: infinite

text: sequences

text: and

text: infinite

text: series

text: to

text: well

text: defined

text: limit

text: Generally

text: modern

text: calculus

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: Isaac

text: Newton

text: and

text: Gottfried

text: Leibniz

text: Today

text: calculus

text: has

text: widespread

text: uses

text: in

text: science

text: engineering

text: and

text: economics

text: Mathematics (from Greek  "máthma", knowledge, study, learning) is the study of topics such as quantity (numbers), structure, space, and change. There is a range of views among mathematicians and philosophers as to the exact scope and definition of mathematics.

text: Mathematics

text: from

text: Greek

text: máthma

text: knowledge

text: study

text: learning

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: topics

text: such

text: as

text: quantity

text: numbers

text: structure

text: space

text: and

text: change

text: There

text: is

text: range

text: of

text: views

text: among

text: mathematicians

text: and

text: philosophers

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: exact

text: scope

text: and

text: definition

text: of

text: mathematics

text: Harran (,) was a major ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia whose site is near the modern village of Altnbaak, Turkey, 44 kilometers southeast of anlurfa. The location is in a district of anlurfa Province that is also named "Harran".

text: Harran

text: was

text: major

text: ancient

text: city

text: in

text: Upper

text: Mesopotamia

text: whose

text: site

text: is

text: near

text: the

text: modern

text: village

text: of

text: Altnbaak

text: Turkey

text: kilometers

text: southeast

text: of

text: anlurfa

text: The

text: location

text: is

text: in

text: district

text: of

text: anlurfa

text: Province

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: named

text: Harran

text: Archimedes of Syracuse  was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Generally considered the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time, Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying concepts of infinitesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems, including the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere, and the area under a parabola.

text: Archimedes

text: of

text: Syracuse

text: was

text: Greek

text: mathematician

text: physicist

text: engineer

text: inventor

text: and

text: astronomer

text: Although

text: few

text: details

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: are

text: known

text: he

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: scientists

text: in

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: Generally

text: considered

text: the

text: greatest

text: mathematician

text: of

text: antiquity

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Archimedes

text: anticipated

text: modern

text: calculus

text: and

text: analysis

text: by

text: applying

text: concepts

text: of

text: infinitesimals

text: and

text: the

text: method

text: of

text: exhaustion

text: to

text: derive

text: and

text: rigorously

text: prove

text: range

text: of

text: geometrical

text: theorems

text: including

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: circle

text: the

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: volume

text: of

text: sphere

text: and

text: the

text: area

text: under

text: parabola

text: Kuwait ('), officially the State of Kuwait ('), is a country in Western Asia. Situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, it shares borders with Iraq and Saudi Arabia. , Kuwait has a population of 4.2 million people; 1.3 million are Kuwaitis and 2.9 million are expatriates. Expatriates account for 70% of the population.

text: Kuwait

text: officially

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Kuwait

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: Situated

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: edge

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Arabia

text: at

text: the

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: it

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Kuwait

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: million

text: are

text: Kuwaitis

text: and

text: million

text: are

text: expatriates

text: Expatriates

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: In mathematics, infinitesimals are things so small that there is no way to measure them. The insight with exploiting infinitesimals was that entities could still retain certain specific properties, such as angle or slope, even though these entities were quantitatively small. The word "infinitesimal" comes from a 17th-century Modern Latin coinage "infinitesimus", which originally referred to the "infinite-th" item in a sequence. It was originally introduced around 1670 by either Nicolaus Mercator or Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Infinitesimals are a basic ingredient in the procedures of infinitesimal calculus as developed by Leibniz, including the law of continuity and the transcendental law of homogeneity. In common speech, an infinitesimal object is an object that is smaller than any feasible measurement, but not zero in sizeor, so small that it cannot be distinguished from zero by any available means. Hence, when used as an adjective, "infinitesimal" means "extremely small". To give it a meaning, it usually must be compared to another infinitesimal object in the same context (as in a derivative). Infinitely many infinitesimals are summed to produce an integral.

text: In

text: mathematics

text: infinitesimals

text: are

text: things

text: so

text: small

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: way

text: to

text: measure

text: them

text: The

text: insight

text: with

text: exploiting

text: infinitesimals

text: was

text: that

text: entities

text: could

text: still

text: retain

text: certain

text: specific

text: properties

text: such

text: as

text: angle

text: or

text: slope

text: even

text: though

text: these

text: entities

text: were

text: quantitatively

text: small

text: The

text: word

text: infinitesimal

text: comes

text: from

text: century

text: Modern

text: Latin

text: coinage

text: infinitesimus

text: which

text: originally

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: infinite

text: th

text: item

text: in

text: sequence

text: It

text: was

text: originally

text: introduced

text: around

text: by

text: either

text: Nicolaus

text: Mercator

text: or

text: Gottfried

text: Wilhelm

text: Leibniz

text: Infinitesimals

text: are

text: basic

text: ingredient

text: in

text: the

text: procedures

text: of

text: infinitesimal

text: calculus

text: as

text: developed

text: by

text: Leibniz

text: including

text: the

text: law

text: of

text: continuity

text: and

text: the

text: transcendental

text: law

text: of

text: homogeneity

text: In

text: common

text: speech

text: an

text: infinitesimal

text: object

text: is

text: an

text: object

text: that

text: is

text: smaller

text: than

text: any

text: feasible

text: measurement

text: but

text: not

text: zero

text: in

text: sizeor

text: so

text: small

text: that

text: it

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: zero

text: by

text: any

text: available

text: means

text: Hence

text: when

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: adjective

text: infinitesimal

text: means

text: extremely

text: small

text: To

text: give

text: it

text: meaning

text: it

text: usually

text: must

text: be

text: compared

text: to

text: another

text: infinitesimal

text: object

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: context

text: as

text: in

text: derivative

text: Infinitely

text: many

text: infinitesimals

text: are

text: summed

text: to

text: produce

text: an

text: integral

text: Ibrahim ibn Sinan ibn Thbit ibn Qurra ( born : 295 - 296 A.H / 908 A.D in Baghdad , died : 334 - 335 A.H / 946 A.D in Baghdad , aged 38 ) was a Syriac speaking Muslim from Harran in northern Mesopotamia / Assyria , the grandson of Thbit ibn Qurra . He was mathematician and astronomer who studied geometry and in particular tangents to circles . He also made advances in the quadrature of the parabola and the theory of integration , generalizing the work of Archimedes , which was unavailable at the time . He is often referenced as one of the most important mathematicians of his time .

text: Ibrahim

text: ibn

text: Sinan

text: ibn

text: Thbit

text: ibn

text: Qurra

text: born

text: A.H

text: A.D

text: in

text: Baghdad

text: died

text: A.H

text: A.D

text: in

text: Baghdad

text: aged

text: was

text: Syriac

text: speaking

text: Muslim

text: from

text: Harran

text: in

text: northern

text: Mesopotamia

text: Assyria

text: the

text: grandson

text: of

text: Thbit

text: ibn

text: Qurra

text: He

text: was

text: mathematician

text: and

text: astronomer

text: who

text: studied

text: geometry

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: tangents

text: to

text: circles

text: He

text: also

text: made

text: advances

text: in

text: the

text: quadrature

text: of

text: the

text: parabola

text: and

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: integration

text: generalizing

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Archimedes

text: which

text: was

text: unavailable

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: He

text: is

text: often

text: referenced

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: mathematicians

text: of

text: his

text: time

text: anlurfa, , often simply known as Urfa or Al-Ruha (Kurdish: Riha, Arabic:  "ar-Ruh", Syriac:  "Urhoy"), in ancient times Edessa ( in Greek), is a city with 561,465 inhabitants in south-eastern Turkey, and the capital of anlurfa Province. It is a city with a primarily Arabic, Kurdish and Turkmen population. Urfa is situated on a plain about eighty kilometres east of the Euphrates River. Urfa's climate features extremely hot, dry summers and cool, moist winters.

text: anlurfa

text: often

text: simply

text: known

text: as

text: Urfa

text: or

text: Al

text: Ruha

text: Kurdish

text: Riha

text: Arabic

text: ar

text: Ruh

text: Syriac

text: Urhoy

text: in

text: ancient

text: times

text: Edessa

text: in

text: Greek

text: is

text: city

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: south

text: eastern

text: Turkey

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: anlurfa

text: Province

text: It

text: is

text: city

text: with

text: primarily

text: Arabic

text: Kurdish

text: and

text: Turkmen

text: population

text: Urfa

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: plain

text: about

text: eighty

text: kilometres

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Euphrates

text: River

text: Urfa

text: 's

text: climate

text: features

text: extremely

text: hot

text: dry

text: summers

text: and

text: cool

text: moist

text: winters

annotations: likely multiple

question: native_language ibrahim ibn sinan

answer: arabic

text: arabic

text: arabic

text: arabic

text: arabic

text: arabic

text: arabic

text: arabic

text: arabic