text: Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a sovereign state between Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean. Its capital city is Zagreb, which forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with its twenty counties. Croatia covers and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.28 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.

text: Croatia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Croatia

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: between

text: Central

text: Europe

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Zagreb

text: which

text: forms

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: primary

text: subdivisions

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: twenty

text: counties

text: Croatia

text: covers

text: and

text: has

text: diverse

text: mostly

text: continental

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climates

text: Croatia

text: 's

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: coast

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: thousand

text: islands

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: Croats

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: religious

text: denomination

text: being

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: The Slovenes, or Slovenians, are a South Slavic ethnic group native to Slovenia and the historical Slovene lands, surrounded by fellow South Slavic Croats to the south and southeast, Austrians to the north, Italians to the west and Hungarians to the northeast. They speak the Slovene, a South Slavic language with significant similarities to West Slavic languages. The majority of ethnic Slovenes live in Slovenia, and they are a recognized minority in Austria, Hungary, Croatia, and Italy, where they are indigenous. Expatriates live mainly in other European countries, and in Argentina, Australia, Canada and the United States.

text: The

text: Slovenes

text: or

text: Slovenians

text: are

text: South

text: Slavic

text: ethnic

text: group

text: native

text: to

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: the

text: historical

text: Slovene

text: lands

text: surrounded

text: by

text: fellow

text: South

text: Slavic

text: Croats

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southeast

text: Austrians

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Italians

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Hungarians

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: They

text: speak

text: the

text: Slovene

text: South

text: Slavic

text: language

text: with

text: significant

text: similarities

text: to

text: West

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: ethnic

text: Slovenes

text: live

text: in

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: recognized

text: minority

text: in

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: Croatia

text: and

text: Italy

text: where

text: they

text: are

text: indigenous

text: Expatriates

text: live

text: mainly

text: in

text: other

text: European

text: countries

text: and

text: in

text: Argentina

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Republika Srpska is one of two constitutional and legal entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the other being the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The entities are largely autonomous. The administrative centre is Banja Luka.

text: Republika

text: Srpska

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: constitutional

text: and

text: legal

text: entities

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: the

text: Federation

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: The

text: entities

text: are

text: largely

text: autonomous

text: The

text: administrative

text: centre

text: is

text: Banja

text: Luka

text: Sarajevo is the capital and largest city of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a population of 275,524 in its current administrative limits. The Sarajevo metropolitan area, including Sarajevo Canton and East Sarajevo is home to 688,384 inhabitants. Nestled within the greater Sarajevo valley of Bosnia, it is surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans.

text: Sarajevo

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: its

text: current

text: administrative

text: limits

text: The

text: Sarajevo

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: including

text: Sarajevo

text: Canton

text: and

text: East

text: Sarajevo

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: inhabitants

text: Nestled

text: within

text: the

text: greater

text: Sarajevo

text: valley

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: it

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Dinaric

text: Alps

text: and

text: situated

text: along

text: the

text: Miljacka

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Balkans

text: Kosovo  is a disputed territory and partially recognised state in Southeast Europe that declared independence from Serbia in February 2008 as the Republic of Kosovo. Kosovo is landlocked in the central Balkan Peninsula. Its capital and largest city is Pristina. It is bordered by the Republic of Macedonia and Albania to the south, Montenegro to the west, and the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east. While Serbia recognises administration of the territory by Kosovo's elected government, it still continues to claim it as its own Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija.

text: Kosovo

text: is

text: disputed

text: territory

text: and

text: partially

text: recognised

text: state

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: that

text: declared

text: independence

text: from

text: Serbia

text: in

text: February

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Kosovo

text: Kosovo

text: is

text: landlocked

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: Balkan

text: Peninsula

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Pristina

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: Albania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: uncontested

text: territory

text: of

text: Serbia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: While

text: Serbia

text: recognises

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: by

text: Kosovo

text: 's

text: elected

text: government

text: it

text: still

text: continues

text: to

text: claim

text: it

text: as

text: its

text: own

text: Autonomous

text: Province

text: of

text: Kosovo

text: and

text: Metohija

text: The Kingdom of Montenegro (Serbian:  a a / "Kraljevina Crna Gora"), was a monarchy in southeastern Europe, present day Montenegro, during the tumultuous years on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Legally it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolutist in practice. On 28 November 1918, following the end of World War I, with its government still in exile, the unconstitutional Podgorica Assembly proclaimed union with the Kingdom of Serbia, and was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes three days later, on 1 December 1918.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Montenegro

text: Serbian

text: Kraljevina

text: Crna

text: Gora

text: was

text: monarchy

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: present

text: day

text: Montenegro

text: during

text: the

text: tumultuous

text: years

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: Peninsula

text: leading

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: Legally

text: it

text: was

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: but

text: absolutist

text: in

text: practice

text: On

text: November

text: following

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: with

text: its

text: government

text: still

text: in

text: exile

text: the

text: unconstitutional

text: Podgorica

text: Assembly

text: proclaimed

text: union

text: with

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Serbia

text: and

text: was

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Serbs

text: Croats

text: and

text: Slovenes

text: three

text: days

text: later

text: on

text: December

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Relative to its small territory, it is a diverse country distinguished by a "transitional" character, situated along cultural, geographic, climatic and other boundaries. Serbia is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the southwest; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents, and its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the largest cities in Southeast Europe.

text: Serbia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Serbia

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: covering

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pannonian

text: Plain

text: and

text: the

text: central

text: Balkans

text: Relative

text: to

text: its

text: small

text: territory

text: it

text: is

text: diverse

text: country

text: distinguished

text: by

text: transitional

text: character

text: situated

text: along

text: cultural

text: geographic

text: climatic

text: and

text: other

text: boundaries

text: Serbia

text: is

text: landlocked

text: and

text: borders

text: Hungary

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Romania

text: and

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Macedonia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Croatia

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: and

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: it

text: also

text: claims

text: border

text: with

text: Albania

text: through

text: the

text: disputed

text: territory

text: of

text: Kosovo

text: Serbia

text: numbers

text: around

text: million

text: residents

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: Belgrade

text: ranks

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Bosanska Krajina (; sometimes translated as Bosnian Frontier) or simply Krajina, is a geographical region, a subregion of Bosnia, in western Bosnia and Herzegovina enclosed by a number of rivers, namely the Sava (north), Glina (northwest), Vrbanja and Vrbas (east and southeast, respectively). The region is also a historic, economic and cultural entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina, famous for its natural beauties and wildlife diversity.

text: Bosanska

text: Krajina

text: sometimes

text: translated

text: as

text: Bosnian

text: Frontier

text: or

text: simply

text: Krajina

text: is

text: geographical

text: region

text: subregion

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: in

text: western

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: enclosed

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: rivers

text: namely

text: the

text: Sava

text: north

text: Glina

text: northwest

text: Vrbanja

text: and

text: Vrbas

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: respectively

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: also

text: historic

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: entity

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: famous

text: for

text: its

text: natural

text: beauties

text: and

text: wildlife

text: diversity

text: Vardar Macedonia is an area in the north of the geographical region of Macedonia, corresponding with the area of today's Republic of Macedonia. It covers an area of . It usually refers to the part of the Macedonia region attributed to the Kingdom of Serbia by the Treaty of Bucharest in 1913. It is named after the Vardar, the major river in the area.

text: Vardar

text: Macedonia

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: corresponding

text: with

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: today

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: It

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: It

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Macedonia

text: region

text: attributed

text: to

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Serbia

text: by

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Bucharest

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Vardar

text: the

text: major

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: Vojvodina, officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (; see Names in other languages), is an autonomous province of Serbia, located in the northern part of the country, in the Pannonian Plain. Novi Sad is the largest city and administrative center of Vojvodina and the second-largest city in Serbia. Vojvodina has a population of almost 2 million (approximately 26.88% of Serbia's population excluding Kosovo). It has a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural identity; there are some 26 ethnic groups in the province, and six languages are in official use by the provincial administration.

text: Vojvodina

text: officially

text: the

text: Autonomous

text: Province

text: of

text: Vojvodina

text: see

text: Names

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: province

text: of

text: Serbia

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Pannonian

text: Plain

text: Novi

text: Sad

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: Vojvodina

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Serbia

text: Vojvodina

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: approximately

text: of

text: Serbia

text: 's

text: population

text: excluding

text: Kosovo

text: It

text: has

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: and

text: multi

text: cultural

text: identity

text: there

text: are

text: some

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: and

text: six

text: languages

text: are

text: in

text: official

text: use

text: by

text: the

text: provincial

text: administration

text: The Kingdom of Serbia, often rendered as "Servia" in English sources during the time of its existence, was created when Prince Milan I of Serbia, ruler of the Principality of Serbia, was crowned king in 1882.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Serbia

text: often

text: rendered

text: as

text: Servia

text: in

text: English

text: sources

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: was

text: created

text: when

text: Prince

text: Milan

text: of

text: Serbia

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Serbia

text: was

text: crowned

text: king

text: in

text:
Banja Luka or Banjaluka is the largest city of the Republika Srpska entity and second largest city in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the capital Sarajevo. Traditionally, it has been the centre of the Bosanska Krajina region, located in the northwestern part of the country. It is home of the University of Banja Luka, as well as numerous state and entity institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The city lies on the River Vrbas and is well known in the countries of the former Yugoslavia for being full of tree-lined avenues, boulevards, gardens, and parks.
According to the 2013 census the City of Banja Luka, has 185,042 inhabitants.

text: Banja

text: Luka

text: or

text: Banjaluka

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Republika

text: Srpska

text: entity

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: after

text: the

text: capital

text: Sarajevo

text: Traditionally

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Bosanska

text: Krajina

text: region

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northwestern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Banja

text: Luka

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: numerous

text: state

text: and

text: entity

text: institutions

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: The

text: city

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Vrbas

text: and

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Yugoslavia

text: for

text: being

text: full

text: of

text: tree

text: lined

text: avenues

text: boulevards

text: gardens

text: and

text: parks

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Banja

text: Luka

text: has

text: inhabitants

text: Neum (Cyrillic: ) is the only town to be situated along Bosnia and Herzegovina's of coastline, making it the country's only access to the Adriatic Sea. In 2009 the municipal ("opina") population was 4,605 and in 1991 the population of Neum town ("naselje") was 4,268.

text: Neum

text: Cyrillic

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: town

text: to

text: be

text: situated

text: along

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: 's

text: of

text: coastline

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: only

text: access

text: to

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: In

text: the

text: municipal

text: opina

text: population

text: was

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Neum

text: town

text: naselje

text: was

text: The Kingdom of Yugoslavia (, "Kingdom of South Slavia) was a state in Southeast Europe and Central Europe, that existed during the interwar period (19181939) and first half of World War II (19391943). It was formed in 1918 by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire) with the formerly independent Kingdom of Serbia. The Kingdom of Montenegro had united with Serbia five days previously, while the regions of Kosovo, Vojvodina and Vardar Macedonia were parts of Serbia prior to the unification. For its first eleven years of existence, the Kingdom was officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but the term "Yugoslavia" was its colloquial name from its origins. The official name of the state was changed to "Kingdom of Yugoslavia" by King Alexander I on 3 October 1929.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: South

text: Slavia

text: was

text: state

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: and

text: Central

text: Europe

text: that

text: existed

text: during

text: the

text: interwar

text: period

text: and

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: the

text: provisional

text: State

text: of

text: Slovenes

text: Croats

text: and

text: Serbs

text: itself

text: formed

text: from

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: with

text: the

text: formerly

text: independent

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Serbia

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Montenegro

text: had

text: united

text: with

text: Serbia

text: five

text: days

text: previously

text: while

text: the

text: regions

text: of

text: Kosovo

text: Vojvodina

text: and

text: Vardar

text: Macedonia

text: were

text: parts

text: of

text: Serbia

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: unification

text: For

text: its

text: first

text: eleven

text: years

text: of

text: existence

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: was

text: officially

text: called

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Serbs

text: Croats

text: and

text: Slovenes

text: but

text: the

text: term

text: Yugoslavia

text: was

text: its

text: colloquial

text: name

text: from

text: its

text: origins

text: The

text: official

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: changed

text: to

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: by

text: King

text: Alexander

text: on

text: October

text: A mediterranean climate or dry summer climate is the climate typical of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin. The lands around the Mediterranean Sea form the largest area where this climate type is found, but it also is found in most of coastal California, in parts of Western and South Australia, in southwestern South Africa, sections of Central Asia, and in central Chile.

text: mediterranean

text: climate

text: or

text: dry

text: summer

text: climate

text: is

text: the

text: climate

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: lands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: The

text: lands

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: form

text: the

text: largest

text: area

text: where

text: this

text: climate

text: type

text: is

text: found

text: but

text: it

text: also

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: coastal

text: California

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Western

text: and

text: South

text: Australia

text: in

text: southwestern

text: South

text: Africa

text: sections

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: in

text: central

text: Chile

text: Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of Croatia. It is located in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. In the last official census of 2011 the population of the City of Zagreb was 792,875. The wider Zagreb metropolitan area includes the City of Zagreb and the separate Zagreb County bringing the total metropolitan area population up to 1,237,887. It is the biggest metropolitan area in Croatia, and the only one with a population of over one million.

text: Zagreb

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Croatia

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: along

text: the

text: Sava

text: river

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: slopes

text: of

text: the

text: Medvednica

text: mountain

text: Zagreb

text: lies

text: at

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: approximately

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: In

text: the

text: last

text: official

text: census

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Zagreb

text: was

text: The

text: wider

text: Zagreb

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: includes

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Zagreb

text: and

text: the

text: separate

text: Zagreb

text: County

text: bringing

text: the

text: total

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: population

text: up

text: to

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: biggest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: Croatia

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: one

text: million

text: World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

text: World

text: War

text: WWI

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: originating

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: military

text: personnel

text: including

text: million

text: Europeans

text: were

text: mobilised

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wars

text: in

text: history

text: Over

text: nine

text: million

text: combatants

text: and

text: seven

text: million

text: civilians

text: died

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: genocides

text: casualty

text: rate

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: technological

text: and

text: industrial

text: sophistication

text: and

text: the

text: tactical

text: stalemate

text: caused

text: by

text: gruelling

text: trench

text: warfare

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflicts

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: changes

text: including

text: revolutions

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: involved

text: The University of Banja Luka is a public university located in Banja Luka, Bosnia-Herzegovina. The University of Banja Luka was established on 7 November 1975 and at that point had 5 faculties. It is the oldest and largest university in Republika Srpska and second largest university in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Banja

text: Luka

text: is

text: public

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Banja

text: Luka

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Banja

text: Luka

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: November

text: and

text: at

text: that

text: point

text: had

text: faculties

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: and

text: largest

text: university

text: in

text: Republika

text: Srpska

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: university

text: in

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: Bosnia and Herzegovina (or ; B&H; Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian: "Bosna i Hercegovina" / a   ), sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH), and, in short, often known informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeastern Europe located on the Balkan Peninsula. Sarajevo is the capital and largest city. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west, and south; Serbia to the east; Montenegro to the southeast; and the Adriatic Sea to the south, with a coastline about long surrounding the city of Neum. In the central and eastern interior of the country the geography is mountainous, in the northwest it is moderately hilly, and the northeast is predominantly flatland. The inland is a geographically larger region and has a moderate continental climate, with hot summers and cold and snowy winters. The southern tip of the country has a Mediterranean climate and plain topography.

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: or

text: B&H

text: Bosnian

text: Croatian

text: Serbian

text: Bosna

text: Hercegovina

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: BiH

text: and

text: in

text: short

text: often

text: known

text: informally

text: as

text: Bosnia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: Peninsula

text: Sarajevo

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Bordered

text: by

text: Croatia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: Serbia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: with

text: coastline

text: about

text: long

text: surrounding

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Neum

text: In

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: eastern

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: the

text: geography

text: is

text: mountainous

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: it

text: is

text: moderately

text: hilly

text: and

text: the

text: northeast

text: is

text: predominantly

text: flatland

text: The

text: inland

text: is

text: geographically

text: larger

text: region

text: and

text: has

text: moderate

text: continental

text: climate

text: with

text: hot

text: summers

text: and

text: cold

text: and

text: snowy

text: winters

text: The

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: and

text: plain

text: topography

text: Croats are a nation and South Slavic ethnic group at the crossroads of Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean Sea. Croats mainly live in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, but are an officially recognized minority in Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Slovakia. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have migrated throughout Europe (especially Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France and Italy) and the Americas (particularly the United States, Canada, Argentina, and Chile), establishing a diaspora.

text: Croats

text: are

text: nation

text: and

text: South

text: Slavic

text: ethnic

text: group

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: Europe

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Croats

text: mainly

text: live

text: in

text: Croatia

text: and

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: but

text: are

text: an

text: officially

text: recognized

text: minority

text: in

text: Austria

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Hungary

text: Italy

text: Montenegro

text: Romania

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: Responding

text: to

text: political

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: pressure

text: many

text: Croats

text: have

text: migrated

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: especially

text: Germany

text: Austria

text: Switzerland

text: France

text: and

text: Italy

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: particularly

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Canada

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Chile

text: establishing

text: diaspora

text: Montenegro (or or ; Montenegrin: "Crna Gora" /   , meaning "Black Mountain") is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, and Albania to the south-east. Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital ("prijestonica").

text: Montenegro

text: or

text: or

text: Montenegrin

text: Crna

text: Gora

text: meaning

text: Black

text: Mountain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: coast

text: on

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Croatia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Serbia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Kosovo

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Albania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Podgorica

text: while

text: Cetinje

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Old

text: Royal

text: Capital

text: prijestonica

text: The Vrbas Banovina or Vrbas Banate ( Serbo - Croatian : Vrbaska banovina ,   ) was a province ( banovina ) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941 . It was named after the Vrbas River and consisted mostly of territory in western Bosnia ( part of historical and present - day Bosnia and Herzegovina ) with its capital at Banja Luka . Dvor district of present - day Croatia was also part of the Vrbas Banovina .

text: The

text: Vrbas

text: Banovina

text: or

text: Vrbas

text: Banate

text: Serbo

text: Croatian

text: Vrbaska

text: banovina

text: was

text: province

text: banovina

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Yugoslavia

text: between

text: and

text: It

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Vrbas

text: River

text: and

text: consisted

text: mostly

text: of

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Bosnia

text: part

text: of

text: historical

text: and

text: present

text: day

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: at

text: Banja

text: Luka

text: Dvor

text: district

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Croatia

text: was

text: also

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Vrbas

text: Banovina

text: Herzegovina (or ; Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: "Hercegovina", ) is the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian region, it is generally accepted that the borders of the region are Croatia to the southwest, Montenegro to the east, Mount Magli to the northeast, and Mount Ivan to the north. Measurements of the area range from , or around 22% of the total area of the present-day country, to , around 24% of the country.

text: Herzegovina

text: or

text: Bosnian

text: Croatian

text: and

text: Serbian

text: Hercegovina

text: is

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: While

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: official

text: border

text: distinguishing

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: Bosnian

text: region

text: it

text: is

text: generally

text: accepted

text: that

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: are

text: Croatia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Mount

text: Magli

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Mount

text: Ivan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Measurements

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: range

text: from

text: or

text: around

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: country

text: to

text: around

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula and the Apennine Mountains from the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to the northwest and the Po Valley. The countries with coasts on the Adriatic are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and Slovenia. The Adriatic contains over 1,300 islands, mostly located along its eastern, Croatian, coast. It is divided into three basins, the northern being the shallowest and the southern being the deepest, with a maximum depth of . The Otranto Sill, an underwater ridge, is located at the border between the Adriatic and Ionian Seas. The prevailing currents flow counterclockwise from the Strait of Otranto, along the eastern coast and back to the strait along the western (Italian) coast. Tidal movements in the Adriatic are slight, although larger amplitudes are known to occur occasionally. The Adriatic's salinity is lower than the Mediterranean's because the Adriatic collects a third of the fresh water flowing into the Mediterranean, acting as a dilution basin. The surface water temperatures generally range from in summer to in winter, significantly moderating the Adriatic Basin's climate.

text: The

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: separating

text: the

text: Italian

text: Peninsula

text: from

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: and

text: the

text: Apennine

text: Mountains

text: from

text: the

text: Dinaric

text: Alps

text: and

text: adjacent

text: ranges

text: The

text: Adriatic

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: extending

text: from

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Otranto

text: where

text: it

text: connects

text: to

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: the

text: Po

text: Valley

text: The

text: countries

text: with

text: coasts

text: on

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: are

text: Albania

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: Croatia

text: Greece

text: Italy

text: Montenegro

text: and

text: Slovenia

text: The

text: Adriatic

text: contains

text: over

text: islands

text: mostly

text: located

text: along

text: its

text: eastern

text: Croatian

text: coast

text: It

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: basins

text: the

text: northern

text: being

text: the

text: shallowest

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: being

text: the

text: deepest

text: with

text: maximum

text: depth

text: of

text: The

text: Otranto

text: Sill

text: an

text: underwater

text: ridge

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: and

text: Ionian

text: Seas

text: The

text: prevailing

text: currents

text: flow

text: counterclockwise

text: from

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Otranto

text: along

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: and

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: strait

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: Italian

text: coast

text: Tidal

text: movements

text: in

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: are

text: slight

text: although

text: larger

text: amplitudes

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: occur

text: occasionally

text: The

text: Adriatic

text: 's

text: salinity

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: 's

text: because

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: collects

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: fresh

text: water

text: flowing

text: into

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: acting

text: as

text: dilution

text: basin

text: The

text: surface

text: water

text: temperatures

text: generally

text: range

text: from

text: in

text: summer

text: to

text: in

text: winter

text: significantly

text: moderating

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Basin

text: 's

text: climate

text: The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group that formed in the Balkans. The majority of Serbs inhabit the nation state of Serbia (with a minority in disputed Kosovo), as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro. They form significant minorities in Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia. There is a large Serb diaspora in Western Europe, and outside Europe there are significant communities in North America and Australia.

text: The

text: Serbs

text: are

text: South

text: Slavic

text: ethnic

text: group

text: that

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: Balkans

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: Serbs

text: inhabit

text: the

text: nation

text: state

text: of

text: Serbia

text: with

text: minority

text: in

text: disputed

text: Kosovo

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: and

text: Montenegro

text: They

text: form

text: significant

text: minorities

text: in

text: Croatia

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: Slovenia

text: There

text: is

text: large

text: Serb

text: diaspora

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: and

text: outside

text: Europe

text: there

text: are

text: significant

text: communities

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Australia

text: The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was a short-lived entity formed at the end of World War I by Slovenes, Croats and Serbs residing in what were the southernmost parts of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Although internationally unrecognized, this was the first incarnation of a Yugoslav state and had been founded on the Pan-Slavic ideology behind the incentive. A month after it was proclaimed, the State joined with the Kingdom of Serbia to form the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

text: The

text: State

text: of

text: Slovenes

text: Croats

text: and

text: Serbs

text: was

text: short

text: lived

text: entity

text: formed

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: by

text: Slovenes

text: Croats

text: and

text: Serbs

text: residing

text: in

text: what

text: were

text: the

text: southernmost

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: Although

text: internationally

text: unrecognized

text: this

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: incarnation

text: of

text: Yugoslav

text: state

text: and

text: had

text: been

text: founded

text: on

text: the

text: Pan

text: Slavic

text: ideology

text: behind

text: the

text: incentive

text: month

text: after

text: it

text: was

text: proclaimed

text: the

text: State

text: joined

text: with

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Serbia

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Serbs

text: Croats

text: and

text: Slovenes

text: Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the Balkan peninsula. Sovereign states that are, at least partially, included in the region are, in alphabetical order, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Turkey.

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: or

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: is

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: Europe

text: consisting

text: primarily

text: of

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: Sovereign

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: at

text: least

text: partially

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: are

text: in

text: alphabetical

text: order

text: Albania

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: Bulgaria

text: Croatia

text: Greece

text: Kosovo

text: Macedonia

text: Moldova

text: Montenegro

text: Romania

text: Serbia

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Turkey

text: In the context of the history of the 20th century, the interwar period or "interbellum" (Latin: "inter-", "between" + "bellum", "war") was the period between the end of the First World War (191418) and the beginning of the Second World War (193945)the period beginning with the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that concluded the First World War and the ensuing Paris Peace Conference in 1919, and ending in September 1939 with the German invasion of Poland and the start of the World War II.

text: In

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: interwar

text: period

text: or

text: interbellum

text: Latin

text: inter-

text: between

text: bellum

text: war

text: was

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: period

text: beginning

text: with

text: the

text: Armistice

text: of

text: November

text: that

text: concluded

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: ensuing

text: Paris

text: Peace

text: Conference

text: in

text: and

text: ending

text: in

text: September

text: with

text: the

text: German

text: invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: War

text: II

question: country vrbas banovina

answer: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia

text: serbia


text: Film stock is an analog medium that is used for recording motion pictures or animation. It is a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film base coated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals. The sizes and other characteristics of the crystals determine the sensitivity, contrast and resolution of the film. The emulsion will gradually darken if left exposed to light, but the process is too slow and incomplete to be of any practical use. Instead, a very short exposure to the image formed by a camera lens is used to produce only a very slight chemical change, proportional to the amount of light absorbed by each crystal. This creates an invisible latent image in the emulsion, which can be chemically developed into a visible photograph. In addition to visible light, all films are sensitive to X-rays and high-energy particles. Most are at least slightly sensitive to invisible ultraviolet (UV) light. Some special-purpose films are sensitive into the infrared (IR) region of the spectrum.

text: Film

text: stock

text: is

text: an

text: analog

text: medium

text: that

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: recording

text: motion

text: pictures

text: or

text: animation

text: It

text: is

text: strip

text: or

text: sheet

text: of

text: transparent

text: plastic

text: film

text: base

text: coated

text: on

text: one

text: side

text: with

text: gelatin

text: emulsion

text: containing

text: microscopically

text: small

text: light

text: sensitive

text: silver

text: halide

text: crystals

text: The

text: sizes

text: and

text: other

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: crystals

text: determine

text: the

text: sensitivity

text: contrast

text: and

text: resolution

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: The

text: emulsion

text: will

text: gradually

text: darken

text: if

text: left

text: exposed

text: to

text: light

text: but

text: the

text: process

text: is

text: too

text: slow

text: and

text: incomplete

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: any

text: practical

text: use

text: Instead

text: very

text: short

text: exposure

text: to

text: the

text: image

text: formed

text: by

text: camera

text: lens

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: produce

text: only

text: very

text: slight

text: chemical

text: change

text: proportional

text: to

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: light

text: absorbed

text: by

text: each

text: crystal

text: This

text: creates

text: an

text: invisible

text: latent

text: image

text: in

text: the

text: emulsion

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: chemically

text: developed

text: into

text: visible

text: photograph

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: visible

text: light

text: all

text: films

text: are

text: sensitive

text: to

text: rays

text: and

text: high

text: energy

text: particles

text: Most

text: are

text: at

text: least

text: slightly

text: sensitive

text: to

text: invisible

text: ultraviolet

text: UV

text: light

text: Some

text: special

text: purpose

text: films

text: are

text: sensitive

text: into

text: the

text: infrared

text: IR

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: spectrum

text: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Melissa Mathison. It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren, and stars Henry Thomas, Dee Wallace, Robert MacNaughton, Drew Barrymore, Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh. It tells the story of Elliott (Thomas), a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial, dubbed "E.T.", who is stranded on Earth. He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government.

text: E.T.

text: the

text: Extra

text: Terrestrial

text: is

text: American

text: science

text: fiction

text: fantasy

text: film

text: co

text: produced

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Steven

text: Spielberg

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Melissa

text: Mathison

text: It

text: features

text: special

text: effects

text: by

text: Carlo

text: Rambaldi

text: and

text: Dennis

text: Muren

text: and

text: stars

text: Henry

text: Thomas

text: Dee

text: Wallace

text: Robert

text: MacNaughton

text: Drew

text: Barrymore

text: Peter

text: Coyote

text: and

text: Pat

text: Welsh

text: It

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: Elliott

text: Thomas

text: lonely

text: boy

text: who

text: befriends

text: an

text: extraterrestrial

text: dubbed

text: E.T.

text: who

text: is

text: stranded

text: on

text: Earth

text: He

text: and

text: his

text: siblings

text: help

text: it

text: return

text: home

text: while

text: attempting

text: to

text: keep

text: it

text: hidden

text: from

text: their

text: mother

text: and

text: the

text: government

text: Benjamin "Ben" Burtt, Jr. (born July 12, 1948) is an American sound designer, film editor, director, screenwriter, and voice actor. He has worked as sound designer on various films, including the "Star Wars" and "Indiana Jones" film series, "Invasion of the Body Snatchers" (1978), "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial" (1982), "WALL-E" (2008) and "Star Trek" (2009).

text: Benjamin

text: Ben

text: Burtt

text: Jr.

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: sound

text: designer

text: film

text: editor

text: director

text: screenwriter

text: and

text: voice

text: actor

text: He

text: has

text: worked

text: as

text: sound

text: designer

text: on

text: various

text: films

text: including

text: the

text: Star

text: Wars

text: and

text: Indiana

text: Jones

text: film

text: series

text: Invasion

text: of

text: the

text: Body

text: Snatchers

text: E.T.

text: the

text: Extra

text: Terrestrial

text: WALL

text: and

text: Star

text: Trek

text: The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes achievement in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at an annual ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre. Several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette "Tony" Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing.

text: The

text: Antoinette

text: Perry

text: Award

text: for

text: Excellence

text: in

text: Theatre

text: more

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Tony

text: Award

text: recognizes

text: achievement

text: in

text: live

text: Broadway

text: theatre

text: The

text: awards

text: are

text: presented

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Theatre

text: Wing

text: and

text: The

text: Broadway

text: League

text: at

text: an

text: annual

text: ceremony

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: awards

text: are

text: given

text: for

text: Broadway

text: productions

text: and

text: performances

text: and

text: an

text: award

text: is

text: given

text: for

text: regional

text: theatre

text: Several

text: discretionary

text: non

text: competitive

text: awards

text: are

text: also

text: given

text: including

text: Special

text: Tony

text: Award

text: the

text: Tony

text: Honors

text: for

text: Excellence

text: in

text: Theatre

text: and

text: the

text: Isabelle

text: Stevenson

text: Award

text: The

text: awards

text: are

text: named

text: after

text: Antoinette

text: Tony

text: Perry

text: co

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Theatre

text: Wing

text: John Arthur Lithgow (; born , 1945) is an American actor, musician, singer, and author. He has received two Tony Awards, five Emmy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, an American Comedy Award, four Drama Desk Awards and has also been nominated for two Academy Awards and four Grammy Awards. Lithgow has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and has been inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame.

text: John

text: Arthur

text: Lithgow

text: born

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: musician

text: singer

text: and

text: author

text: He

text: has

text: received

text: two

text: Tony

text: Awards

text: five

text: Emmy

text: Awards

text: two

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Awards

text: three

text: Screen

text: Actors

text: Guild

text: Awards

text: an

text: American

text: Comedy

text: Award

text: four

text: Drama

text: Desk

text: Awards

text: and

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: nominated

text: for

text: two

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: and

text: four

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: Lithgow

text: has

text: received

text: star

text: on

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: Walk

text: of

text: Fame

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: inducted

text: into

text: the

text: American

text: Theater

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award (for film), the Tony Award (for theatre), and the Grammy Award (for music).

text: An

text: Emmy

text: Award

text: or

text: simply

text: Emmy

text: recognizes

text: excellence

text: in

text: the

text: television

text: industry

text: and

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: film

text: the

text: Tony

text: Award

text: for

text: theatre

text: and

text: the

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: for

text: music

text: Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign.

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: Awards

text: are

text: accolades

text: bestowed

text: by

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: Foreign

text: Press

text: Association

text: recognizing

text: excellence

text: in

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: both

text: domestic

text: and

text: foreign

text: Ivan Graeme Ferguson, CM (born 7 October 1929 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian filmmaker and inventor who co-invented IMAX. Ferguson was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada in 1993. He graduated from the University of Toronto with a bachelor's degree.

text: Ivan

text: Graeme

text: Ferguson

text: CM

text: born

text: October

text: in

text: Toronto

text: Ontario

text: is

text: Canadian

text: filmmaker

text: and

text: inventor

text: who

text: co

text: invented

text: IMAX

text: Ferguson

text: was

text: appointed

text: Member

text: of

text: the

text: Order

text: of

text: Canada

text: in

text: He

text: graduated

text: from

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Toronto

text: with

text: bachelor

text: 's

text: degree

text: The Hollywood Walk of Fame comprises more than 2,500 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, California. The stars are permanent public monuments to achievement in the entertainment industry, bearing the names of a mix of actors, musicians, directors, producers, musical and theatrical groups, fictional characters, and others. The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust. It is a popular tourist destination, with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003.

text: The

text: Hollywood

text: Walk

text: of

text: Fame

text: comprises

text: more

text: than

text: five

text: pointed

text: terrazzo

text: and

text: brass

text: stars

text: embedded

text: in

text: the

text: sidewalks

text: along

text: blocks

text: of

text: Hollywood

text: Boulevard

text: and

text: three

text: blocks

text: of

text: Vine

text: Street

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: California

text: The

text: stars

text: are

text: permanent

text: public

text: monuments

text: to

text: achievement

text: in

text: the

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: bearing

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: mix

text: of

text: actors

text: musicians

text: directors

text: producers

text: musical

text: and

text: theatrical

text: groups

text: fictional

text: characters

text: and

text: others

text: The

text: Walk

text: of

text: Fame

text: is

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: Chamber

text: of

text: Commerce

text: and

text: maintained

text: by

text: the

text: self

text: financing

text: Hollywood

text: Historic

text: Trust

text: It

text: is

text: popular

text: tourist

text: destination

text: with

text: reported

text: million

text: visitors

text: in

text: Roman Kroitor (December 12, 1926  September 17, 2012) was a Canadian filmmaker who was known as an early practitioner of Cinéma vérité, as co-founder of IMAX, and as creator of the Sandde hand-drawn stereoscopic animation system. He was also the original inspiration for the Force, popularized in the "Star Wars" series.

text: Roman

text: Kroitor

text: December

text: September

text: was

text: Canadian

text: filmmaker

text: who

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: early

text: practitioner

text: of

text: Cinéma

text: vérité

text: as

text: co

text: founder

text: of

text: IMAX

text: and

text: as

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: Sandde

text: hand

text: drawn

text: stereoscopic

text: animation

text: system

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: original

text: inspiration

text: for

text: the

text: Force

text: popularized

text: in

text: the

text: Star

text: Wars

text: series

text: IMAX (an acronym for Image maximum) is a motion picture film format and a set of cinema projection standards developed in Canada by Graeme Ferguson, Roman Kroitor, Robert Kerr, and William C. Shaw. IMAX has the capacity to record and display images of far greater size and resolution than conventional film systems. Since 2002, some feature films have been converted (or upgraded) into IMAX format for displaying in IMAX theatres and some have also been partially shot in IMAX.

text: IMAX

text: an

text: acronym

text: for

text: Image

text: maximum

text: is

text: motion

text: picture

text: film

text: format

text: and

text: set

text: of

text: cinema

text: projection

text: standards

text: developed

text: in

text: Canada

text: by

text: Graeme

text: Ferguson

text: Roman

text: Kroitor

text: Robert

text: Kerr

text: and

text: William

text: Shaw

text: IMAX

text: has

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: record

text: and

text: display

text: images

text: of

text: far

text: greater

text: size

text: and

text: resolution

text: than

text: conventional

text: film

text: systems

text: Since

text: some

text: feature

text: films

text: have

text: been

text: converted

text: or

text: upgraded

text: into

text: IMAX

text: format

text: for

text: displaying

text: in

text: IMAX

text: theatres

text: and

text: some

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: partially

text: shot

text: in

text: IMAX

text: The American Theater Hall of Fame in New York City was founded in 1972. Earl Blackwell was the first head of the organization's Executive Committee. In an announcement in 1972, he said that the new "Theater Hall of Fame" would be located in the Uris Theatre (then under construction, now the Gershwin). James M. Nederlander and Gerard Oestreicher, who leased the theatre, donated the space for the Hall of Fame; Arnold Weissberger was another founder. Blackwell noted that the names of the first honorees would "be embossed in bronze-gold lettering on the theater's entrance walls flanking its grand staircase and escalator." The first group of inductees was announced in October 1972.

text: The

text: American

text: Theater

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Earl

text: Blackwell

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: organization

text: 's

text: Executive

text: Committee

text: In

text: an

text: announcement

text: in

text: he

text: said

text: that

text: the

text: new

text: Theater

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: would

text: be

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Uris

text: Theatre

text: then

text: under

text: construction

text: now

text: the

text: Gershwin

text: James

text: Nederlander

text: and

text: Gerard

text: Oestreicher

text: who

text: leased

text: the

text: theatre

text: donated

text: the

text: space

text: for

text: the

text: Hall

text: of

text: Fame

text: Arnold

text: Weissberger

text: was

text: another

text: founder

text: Blackwell

text: noted

text: that

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: honorees

text: would

text: be

text: embossed

text: in

text: bronze

text: gold

text: lettering

text: on

text: the

text: theater

text: 's

text: entrance

text: walls

text: flanking

text: its

text: grand

text: staircase

text: and

text: escalator

text: The

text: first

text: group

text: of

text: inductees

text: was

text: announced

text: in

text: October

text: WALL-E (stylized with an interpunct as WALL·E) is a 2008 American computer-animated comic science fiction film directed and co-written by Andrew Stanton, produced by Jim Morris, and co-written by Jim Reardon. It stars the voices of Ben Burtt, Elissa Knight, Jeff Garlin, Fred Willard, John Ratzenberger, Kathy Najimy, Sigourney Weaver and the PlainTalk system. It was produced by Pixar Animation Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Pictures, and was the overall ninth feature film produced by the company.

text: WALL

text: stylized

text: with

text: an

text: interpunct

text: as

text: WALL·E

text: is

text: American

text: computer

text: animated

text: comic

text: science

text: fiction

text: film

text: directed

text: and

text: co

text: written

text: by

text: Andrew

text: Stanton

text: produced

text: by

text: Jim

text: Morris

text: and

text: co

text: written

text: by

text: Jim

text: Reardon

text: It

text: stars

text: the

text: voices

text: of

text: Ben

text: Burtt

text: Elissa

text: Knight

text: Jeff

text: Garlin

text: Fred

text: Willard

text: John

text: Ratzenberger

text: Kathy

text: Najimy

text: Sigourney

text: Weaver

text: and

text: the

text: PlainTalk

text: system

text: It

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Pixar

text: Animation

text: Studios

text: and

text: distributed

text: by

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Pictures

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: overall

text: ninth

text: feature

text: film

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: company

text: Direct-to-video or straight-to-video (also known as direct-to-VHS, direct-to-DVD, direct-to-Blu-ray, direct-to-digital, etc.) refers to the release of a film to the public immediately on home video formats rather than a theatrical release or television broadcast. Because inferior sequels or prequels of larger-budget films may be released direct to video, references to direct-to-video releases are often pejorative. Direct-to-video release has also become profitable for independent filmmakers and smaller companies.

text: Direct

text: to

text: video

text: or

text: straight

text: to

text: video

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: direct

text: to

text: VHS

text: direct

text: to

text: DVD

text: direct

text: to

text: Blu

text: ray

text: direct

text: to

text: digital

text: etc

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: film

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: immediately

text: on

text: home

text: video

text: formats

text: rather

text: than

text: theatrical

text: release

text: or

text: television

text: broadcast

text: Because

text: inferior

text: sequels

text: or

text: prequels

text: of

text: larger

text: budget

text: films

text: may

text: be

text: released

text: direct

text: to

text: video

text: references

text: to

text: direct

text: to

text: video

text: releases

text: are

text: often

text: pejorative

text: Direct

text: to

text: video

text: release

text: has

text: also

text: become

text: profitable

text: for

text: independent

text: filmmakers

text: and

text: smaller

text: companies

text: Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of various characters "a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away".

text: Star

text: Wars

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: epic

text: space

text: opera

text: franchise

text: centered

text: on

text: film

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: George

text: Lucas

text: It

text: depicts

text: the

text: adventures

text: of

text: various

text: characters

text: long

text: time

text: ago

text: in

text: galaxy

text: far

text: far

text: away

text: A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Such films were originally shot on film stockthe only medium availablebut now include video and digital productions that can be either direct-to-video, made into a TV show, or released for screening in cinemas. "Documentary" has been described as a "filmmaking practice, a cinematic tradition, and mode of audience reception" that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries.

text: documentary

text: film

text: is

text: nonfictional

text: motion

text: picture

text: intended

text: to

text: some

text: aspect

text: of

text: reality

text: primarily

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: instruction

text: education

text: or

text: maintaining

text: historical

text: record

text: Such

text: films

text: were

text: originally

text: shot

text: on

text: film

text: stockthe

text: only

text: medium

text: availablebut

text: now

text: include

text: video

text: and

text: digital

text: productions

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: either

text: direct

text: to

text: video

text: made

text: into

text: TV

text: show

text: or

text: released

text: for

text: screening

text: in

text: cinemas

text: Documentary

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: filmmaking

text: practice

text: cinematic

text: tradition

text: and

text: mode

text: of

text: audience

text: reception

text: that

text: is

text: continually

text: evolving

text: and

text: is

text: without

text: clear

text: boundaries

text: A screenplay writer, screenwriter for short, scriptwriter or scenarist is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media such as films, television programs, comics or video games are based.

text: screenplay

text: writer

text: screenwriter

text: for

text: short

text: scriptwriter

text: or

text: scenarist

text: is

text: writer

text: who

text: practices

text: the

text: craft

text: of

text: screenwriting

text: writing

text: screenplays

text: on

text: which

text: mass

text: media

text: such

text: as

text: films

text: television

text: programs

text: comics

text: or

text: video

text: games

text: are

text: based

text: A film format is a technical definition of a set of standard characteristics regarding image capture on photographic film, for either stills or filmmaking. It can also apply to projected film, either slides or movies. The primary characteristic of a film format is its size and shape.

text: film

text: format

text: is

text: technical

text: definition

text: of

text: set

text: of

text: standard

text: characteristics

text: regarding

text: image

text: capture

text: on

text: photographic

text: film

text: for

text: either

text: stills

text: or

text: filmmaking

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: apply

text: to

text: projected

text: film

text: either

text: slides

text: or

text: movies

text: The

text: primary

text: characteristic

text: of

text: film

text: format

text: is

text: its

text: size

text: and

text: shape

text: The Academy Awards, or "Oscars", is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements in the United States film industry as assessed by the Academy's voting membership. The various category winners are awarded a copy of a statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname "Oscar." The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS.

text: The

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: or

text: Oscars

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: American

text: awards

text: ceremony

text: hosted

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: AMPAS

text: to

text: recognize

text: excellence

text: in

text: cinematic

text: achievements

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: film

text: industry

text: as

text: assessed

text: by

text: the

text: Academy

text: 's

text: voting

text: membership

text: The

text: various

text: category

text: winners

text: are

text: awarded

text: copy

text: of

text: statuette

text: officially

text: called

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: of

text: Merit

text: which

text: has

text: become

text: commonly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: nickname

text: Oscar

text: The

text: awards

text: first

text: presented

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: Hollywood

text: Roosevelt

text: Hotel

text: are

text: overseen

text: by

text: AMPAS

text: A Grammy Award (originally called Gramophone Award), or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the music industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards (television), the Tony Awards (stage performance), and the Academy Awards (motion pictures).

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: originally

text: called

text: Gramophone

text: Award

text: or

text: Grammy

text: is

text: an

text: honor

text: awarded

text: by

text: The

text: Recording

text: Academy

text: to

text: recognize

text: outstanding

text: achievement

text: in

text: the

text: mainly

text: English

text: language

text: music

text: industry

text: The

text: annual

text: presentation

text: ceremony

text: features

text: performances

text: by

text: prominent

text: artists

text: and

text: the

text: presentation

text: of

text: those

text: awards

text: that

text: have

text: more

text: popular

text: interest

text: It

text: shares

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: performance

text: awards

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Emmy

text: Awards

text: television

text: the

text: Tony

text: Awards

text: stage

text: performance

text: and

text: the

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: motion

text: pictures

text: Special Effects : Anything Can Happen is an American documentary film directed by Academy Award - winning sound designer Ben Burtt and narrated by John Lithgow . It was released to IMAX theaters in 1996 .

text: Special

text: Effects

text: Anything

text: Can

text: Happen

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: documentary

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Academy

text: Award

text: winning

text: sound

text: designer

text: Ben

text: Burtt

text: and

text: narrated

text: by

text: John

text: Lithgow

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: to

text: IMAX

text: theaters

text: in

annotations: follows single

question: main_subject special effects: anything can happen

answer: film industry

text: film industry


text: Mato Grosso do Sul is one of the Central-Western states of Brazil. Its total area of 357,125 square kilometers, or 137,891 square miles, is roughly the same size as Germany.

text: Mato

text: Grosso

text: do

text: Sul

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Western

text: states

text: of

text: Brazil

text: Its

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometers

text: or

text: square

text: miles

text: is

text: roughly

text: the

text: same

text: size

text: as

text: Germany

text: A municipality is usually a single urban administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and state laws, to which it is subordinate. It is to be distinguished from the county, which may encompass rural territory and/or numerous small communities such as towns, villages and hamlets. The term "municipality" may also mean the governing or ruling body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district. The term is derived from French "municipalité" and Latin "municipalis".

text: municipality

text: is

text: usually

text: single

text: urban

text: administrative

text: division

text: having

text: corporate

text: status

text: and

text: powers

text: of

text: self

text: government

text: or

text: jurisdiction

text: as

text: granted

text: by

text: national

text: and

text: state

text: laws

text: to

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: subordinate

text: It

text: is

text: to

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: the

text: county

text: which

text: may

text: encompass

text: rural

text: territory

text: and/or

text: numerous

text: small

text: communities

text: such

text: as

text: towns

text: villages

text: and

text: hamlets

text: The

text: term

text: municipality

text: may

text: also

text: mean

text: the

text: governing

text: or

text: ruling

text: body

text: of

text: given

text: municipality

text: municipality

text: is

text: general

text: purpose

text: administrative

text: subdivision

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: special

text: purpose

text: district

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: French

text: municipalité

text: and

text: Latin

text: municipalis

text: Serra da Bodoquena National Park is a national park of Brazil .

text: Serra

text: da

text: Bodoquena

text: National

text: Park

text: is

text: national

text: park

text: of

text: Brazil

text: Bodoquena is a municipality located in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Its population was 8,168 (2007) and its area is 2,507 km².

text: Bodoquena

text: is

text: municipality

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: state

text: of

text: Mato

text: Grosso

text: do

text: Sul

text: Its

text: population

text: was

text: and

text: its

text: area

text: is

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity serra da bodoquena national park

answer: mato grosso do sul

text: mato grosso do sul

text: mato grosso do sul


text: Historiography is the study of the methodology of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians have studied that topic using particular sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches. Scholars discuss historiography by topic  such as the "Historiography of the United Kingdom", the "Historiography of Canada", "Historiography of the British Empire", the "historiography of early Islam", the "historiography of China"  and different approaches and genres, such as political history and social history. Beginning in the nineteenth century, with the ascent of academic history, there developed a body of historiographic literature. The extent to which historians are influenced by their own groups and loyalties  such as to their nation state  is a debated question.

text: Historiography

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: methodology

text: of

text: historians

text: in

text: developing

text: history

text: as

text: an

text: academic

text: discipline

text: and

text: by

text: extension

text: is

text: any

text: body

text: of

text: historical

text: work

text: on

text: particular

text: subject

text: The

text: historiography

text: of

text: specific

text: topic

text: covers

text: how

text: historians

text: have

text: studied

text: that

text: topic

text: using

text: particular

text: sources

text: techniques

text: and

text: theoretical

text: approaches

text: Scholars

text: discuss

text: historiography

text: by

text: topic

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Historiography

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Historiography

text: of

text: Canada

text: Historiography

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: the

text: historiography

text: of

text: early

text: Islam

text: the

text: historiography

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: different

text: approaches

text: and

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: political

text: history

text: and

text: social

text: history

text: Beginning

text: in

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: ascent

text: of

text: academic

text: history

text: there

text: developed

text: body

text: of

text: historiographic

text: literature

text: The

text: extent

text: to

text: which

text: historians

text: are

text: influenced

text: by

text: their

text: own

text: groups

text: and

text: loyalties

text: such

text: as

text: to

text: their

text: nation

text: state

text: is

text: debated

text: question

text: Richard Gordon is the pen name used by Gordon Ostlere ( born Gordon Stanley Ostlere on 15 September 1921 ) , an English surgeon and anaesthetist . As Richard Gordon , Ostlere has written numerous novels , screenplays for film and television and accounts of popular history , mostly dealing with the practice of medicine . He is best known for a long series of comic novels on a medical theme beginning with Doctor in the House , and the subsequent film , television , radio and stage adaptations . His The Alarming History of Medicine was published in 1993 , and he followed this with The Alarming History of Sex . Gordon worked as an anaesthetist at St. Bartholomew 's Hospital ( where he was a medical student ) and later as a ship 's surgeon and as assistant editor of the British Medical Journal . He has published several technical books under his own name including Anaesthetics for Medical Students ( 1949 ) , later published as Ostlere and Bryce - Smith 's Anaesthetics for Medical Students in 1989 ; Anaesthetics and the Patient ( 1949 ) , and Trichlorethylene Anaesthesia ( 1953 ) . In 1952 , he left medical practice and took up writing full time . The early Doctor novels , set in the fictitious St. Swithin 's , a teaching hospital in London , were witty and apparently autobiographical ; later books included more sexual innuendo and farce . The novels were very successful in Britain in Penguin paperback during the 1960s and 1970s . Richard Gordon also contributed articles to Punch magazine and has published books on medicine , gardening , fishing and cricket . The film adaptation of Doctor in the House ( 1954 ) was released two years after the book 's publication . He has an uncredited role as an anaesthetist in the film . Doctor at Sea came out the following year , with Brigitte Bardot in the cast . Dirk Bogarde starred as Dr. Simon Sparrow in both . The later spin - off TV series were written by well - known British comedy writers . In 1974 he walked off the set of This is Your Life when Eamonn Andrews appeared with the red book . He later changed his mind and the show was transmitted a week later . His wife Mary Ostlere is also a physician , and they have four children . He lives in London . He is the grandfather of the famous Hilda Han .

text: Richard

text: Gordon

text: is

text: the

text: pen

text: name

text: used

text: by

text: Gordon

text: Ostlere

text: born

text: Gordon

text: Stanley

text: Ostlere

text: on

text: September

text: an

text: English

text: surgeon

text: and

text: anaesthetist

text: As

text: Richard

text: Gordon

text: Ostlere

text: has

text: written

text: numerous

text: novels

text: screenplays

text: for

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: and

text: accounts

text: of

text: popular

text: history

text: mostly

text: dealing

text: with

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: medicine

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: long

text: series

text: of

text: comic

text: novels

text: on

text: medical

text: theme

text: beginning

text: with

text: Doctor

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: film

text: television

text: radio

text: and

text: stage

text: adaptations

text: His

text: The

text: Alarming

text: History

text: of

text: Medicine

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: and

text: he

text: followed

text: this

text: with

text: The

text: Alarming

text: History

text: of

text: Sex

text: Gordon

text: worked

text: as

text: an

text: anaesthetist

text: at

text: St.

text: Bartholomew

text: 's

text: Hospital

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: medical

text: student

text: and

text: later

text: as

text: ship

text: 's

text: surgeon

text: and

text: as

text: assistant

text: editor

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Medical

text: Journal

text: He

text: has

text: published

text: several

text: technical

text: books

text: under

text: his

text: own

text: name

text: including

text: Anaesthetics

text: for

text: Medical

text: Students

text: later

text: published

text: as

text: Ostlere

text: and

text: Bryce

text: Smith

text: 's

text: Anaesthetics

text: for

text: Medical

text: Students

text: in

text: Anaesthetics

text: and

text: the

text: Patient

text: and

text: Trichlorethylene

text: Anaesthesia

text: In

text: he

text: left

text: medical

text: practice

text: and

text: took

text: up

text: writing

text: full

text: time

text: The

text: early

text: Doctor

text: novels

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: fictitious

text: St.

text: Swithin

text: 's

text: teaching

text: hospital

text: in

text: London

text: were

text: witty

text: and

text: apparently

text: autobiographical

text: later

text: books

text: included

text: more

text: sexual

text: innuendo

text: and

text: farce

text: The

text: novels

text: were

text: very

text: successful

text: in

text: Britain

text: in

text: Penguin

text: paperback

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: Richard

text: Gordon

text: also

text: contributed

text: articles

text: to

text: Punch

text: magazine

text: and

text: has

text: published

text: books

text: on

text: medicine

text: gardening

text: fishing

text: and

text: cricket

text: The

text: film

text: adaptation

text: of

text: Doctor

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: was

text: released

text: two

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: book

text: 's

text: publication

text: He

text: has

text: an

text: uncredited

text: role

text: as

text: an

text: anaesthetist

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Doctor

text: at

text: Sea

text: came

text: out

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: with

text: Brigitte

text: Bardot

text: in

text: the

text: cast

text: Dirk

text: Bogarde

text: starred

text: as

text: Dr.

text: Simon

text: Sparrow

text: in

text: both

text: The

text: later

text: spin

text: off

text: TV

text: series

text: were

text: written

text: by

text: well

text: known

text: British

text: comedy

text: writers

text: In

text: he

text: walked

text: off

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: This

text: is

text: Your

text: Life

text: when

text: Eamonn

text: Andrews

text: appeared

text: with

text: the

text: red

text: book

text: He

text: later

text: changed

text: his

text: mind

text: and

text: the

text: show

text: was

text: transmitted

text: week

text: later

text: His

text: wife

text: Mary

text: Ostlere

text: is

text: also

text: physician

text: and

text: they

text: have

text: four

text: children

text: He

text: lives

text: in

text: London

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: grandfather

text: of

text: the

text: famous

text: Hilda

text: Han

text: Doctor in the House is a 1954 British comedy film directed by Ralph Thomas and produced by Betty Box. The screenplay, by Nicholas Phipps, Richard Gordon and Ronald Wilkinson, is based on the novel by Gordon, and follows a group of students through medical school.

text: Doctor

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: is

text: British

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Ralph

text: Thomas

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Betty

text: Box

text: The

text: screenplay

text: by

text: Nicholas

text: Phipps

text: Richard

text: Gordon

text: and

text: Ronald

text: Wilkinson

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: novel

text: by

text: Gordon

text: and

text: follows

text: group

text: of

text: students

text: through

text: medical

text: school

text: Betty Evelyn Box, OBE (25 September 1915  15 January 1999) was a prolific British film producer. Usually credited as Betty E. Box, she is considered one of the best of her generation, with a flair for making genuinely popular British films.

text: Betty

text: Evelyn

text: Box

text: OBE

text: September

text: January

text: was

text: prolific

text: British

text: film

text: producer

text: Usually

text: credited

text: as

text: Betty

text: Box

text: she

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: of

text: her

text: generation

text: with

text: flair

text: for

text: making

text: genuinely

text: popular

text: British

text: films

text: Ralph Philip Thomas MC (10 August 1915  17 March 2001) was an English film director, born in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire. He is perhaps best known for directing the "Doctor" series of films.

text: Ralph

text: Philip

text: Thomas

text: MC

text: August

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: film

text: director

text: born

text: in

text: Hull

text: East

text: Riding

text: of

text: Yorkshire

text: He

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: directing

text: the

text: Doctor

text: series

text: of

text: films

text: Nicholas Phipps (23 June 1913  11 April 1980) was a British actor and screenwriter who appeared in more than thirty films during a career that lasted between 1938 and 1970. He was born in London in 1913. He appeared mainly in British comedy films, often specialising in playing military figures. He was also an occasional screenwriter, sometimes working on the script for films in which he acted. He retired from acting in 1970.

text: Nicholas

text: Phipps

text: June

text: April

text: was

text: British

text: actor

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: who

text: appeared

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: thirty

text: films

text: during

text: career

text: that

text: lasted

text: between

text: and

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: London

text: in

text: He

text: appeared

text: mainly

text: in

text: British

text: comedy

text: films

text: often

text: specialising

text: in

text: playing

text: military

text: figures

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: an

text: occasional

text: screenwriter

text: sometimes

text: working

text: on

text: the

text: script

text: for

text: films

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: acted

text: He

text: retired

text: from

text: acting

text: in

text: Popular history is a broad and somewhat ill-defined genre of historiography that takes a popular approach, aims at a wide readership, and usually emphasizes narrative, personality and vivid detail over scholarly analysis. The term is used in contradistinction to professional academic or scholarly history writing which is usually more specialized and technical and, thus, less accessible to the general reader.

text: Popular

text: history

text: is

text: broad

text: and

text: somewhat

text: ill

text: defined

text: genre

text: of

text: historiography

text: that

text: takes

text: popular

text: approach

text: aims

text: at

text: wide

text: readership

text: and

text: usually

text: emphasizes

text: narrative

text: personality

text: and

text: vivid

text: detail

text: over

text: scholarly

text: analysis

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: contradistinction

text: to

text: professional

text: academic

text: or

text: scholarly

text: history

text: writing

text: which

text: is

text: usually

text: more

text: specialized

text: and

text: technical

text: and

text: thus

text: less

text: accessible

text: to

text: the

text: general

text: reader

question: occupation richard gordon

answer: screenwriter

text: screenwriter

text: screenwriter