text: Khal Nayak is a 1993 Bollywood action thriller film produced and directed by Subhash Ghai.The story centres on the escape and attempted capture of a terrorist criminal Ballu (Sanjay Dutt) by Inspector Ram (Jackie Shroff) and his girlfriend officer Ganga (Madhuri Dixit).

text: Khal

text: Nayak

text: is

text: Bollywood

text: action

text: thriller

text: film

text: produced

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Subhash

text: Ghai

text: The

text: story

text: centres

text: on

text: the

text: escape

text: and

text: attempted

text: capture

text: of

text: terrorist

text: criminal

text: Ballu

text: Sanjay

text: Dutt

text: by

text: Inspector

text: Ram

text: Jackie

text: Shroff

text: and

text: his

text: girlfriend

text: officer

text: Ganga

text: Madhuri

text: Dixit

text: Subhash Ghai (born 24 January 1945) is an Indian film director, producer and screenwriter, known for his works predominantly in Hindi cinema. His most notable films include "Kalicharan" (1976), "Karz" (1980), "Hero" (1983), "Meri Jung" (1985), "Karma" (1986), "Ram Lakhan" (1989), "Saudagar" (1991), "Khalnayak" (1993), "Pardes" (1997), "Taal" (1999), and Black & White (2008). In 1982, he started Mukta Arts Private Limited which, in 2000, became a public company, with Subhash Ghai as its executive chairman. In 2006, he received the National Film Award, for producing the social problem film "Iqbal".

text: Subhash

text: Ghai

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: director

text: producer

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: works

text: predominantly

text: in

text: Hindi

text: cinema

text: His

text: most

text: notable

text: films

text: include

text: Kalicharan

text: Karz

text: Hero

text: Meri

text: Jung

text: Karma

text: Ram

text: Lakhan

text: Saudagar

text: Khalnayak

text: Pardes

text: Taal

text: and

text: Black

text: White

text: In

text: he

text: started

text: Mukta

text: Arts

text: Private

text: Limited

text: which

text: in

text: became

text: public

text: company

text: with

text: Subhash

text: Ghai

text: as

text: its

text: executive

text: chairman

text: In

text: he

text: received

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: Award

text: for

text: producing

text: the

text: social

text: problem

text: film

text: Iqbal

text: Meri Jung is a 1985 Hindi movie produced by N N Sippy and directed by Subhash Ghai. The film stars Anil Kapoor, Meenakshi Sheshadri, Nutan, Amrish Puri, Javed Jaffrey (in his debut film), A. K. Hangal, Iftekhar, Kushboo and Parikshat Sahni. The films music is by Laxmikant Pyarelal.

text: Meri

text: Jung

text: is

text: Hindi

text: movie

text: produced

text: by

text: Sippy

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Subhash

text: Ghai

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Anil

text: Kapoor

text: Meenakshi

text: Sheshadri

text: Nutan

text: Amrish

text: Puri

text: Javed

text: Jaffrey

text: in

text: his

text: debut

text: film

text: Hangal

text: Iftekhar

text: Kushboo

text: and

text: Parikshat

text: Sahni

text: The

text: films

text: music

text: is

text: by

text: Laxmikant

text: Pyarelal

text: Kalicharan is a 1976 Indian action drama film directed by Subhash Ghai and starring Shatrughan Sinha, Reena Roy, Ajit, Danny Denzongpa, Madan Puri and Premnath. The film became a box office hit. The film was the directorial debut of Subhash Ghai and was the breakthrough role for stars Shatrughan Sinha and Reena Roy. It was later remade into the Telugu film "Khaidi Kalidasu" (1977), Kannada film Kaalinga (1980) with Vishnuvardhan and the Tamil film "Sangili" (1982) with Prabhu and Sivaji Ganesan in the lead roles and in Malayalam "Pathamudayam" (1985) by Mohanlal.

text: Kalicharan

text: is

text: Indian

text: action

text: drama

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Subhash

text: Ghai

text: and

text: starring

text: Shatrughan

text: Sinha

text: Reena

text: Roy

text: Ajit

text: Danny

text: Denzongpa

text: Madan

text: Puri

text: and

text: Premnath

text: The

text: film

text: became

text: box

text: office

text: hit

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: the

text: directorial

text: debut

text: of

text: Subhash

text: Ghai

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: breakthrough

text: role

text: for

text: stars

text: Shatrughan

text: Sinha

text: and

text: Reena

text: Roy

text: It

text: was

text: later

text: remade

text: into

text: the

text: Telugu

text: film

text: Khaidi

text: Kalidasu

text: Kannada

text: film

text: Kaalinga

text: with

text: Vishnuvardhan

text: and

text: the

text: Tamil

text: film

text: Sangili

text: with

text: Prabhu

text: and

text: Sivaji

text: Ganesan

text: in

text: the

text: lead

text: roles

text: and

text: in

text: Malayalam

text: Pathamudayam

text: by

text: Mohanlal

text: Pritish Nandy (born 15 January 1951) is an Indian poet, painter, journalist, politician, media and television personality, animal activist and film producer. He was member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian parliament representing Maharashtra based party Shiv Sena. He has published a number of poetry books in English and translated poems by other writers from Bengali and Urdu into English.

text: Pritish

text: Nandy

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: poet

text: painter

text: journalist

text: politician

text: media

text: and

text: television

text: personality

text: animal

text: activist

text: and

text: film

text: producer

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: Rajya

text: Sabha

text: the

text: upper

text: house

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: parliament

text: representing

text: Maharashtra

text: based

text: party

text: Shiv

text: Sena

text: He

text: has

text: published

text: number

text: of

text: poetry

text: books

text: in

text: English

text: and

text: translated

text: poems

text: by

text: other

text: writers

text: from

text: Bengali

text: and

text: Urdu

text: into

text: English

text: Apna Sapna Money Money ( English : Money Is Our Dream ) is a Bollywood film released on 10 November 2006 . The movie revolves around a group of characters that eat , drink , sleep , and worship money . Directed by Sangeeth Sivan , Apna Sapna Money Money is a tale of several characters who are in a mad race to be rich . They believe that money sets the world in motion but discover that the more one chases money , the harder it is to catch . The film , produced by Subhash Ghai , is a situational comedy starring a host of actors : Ritesh Deshmukh , Celina Jaitley , Koena Mitra , Jackie Shroff , Sunil Shetty , Shreyas Talpade , Bobby Darling , Riya Sen , Anupam Kher , Rajpal Yadav and Chunky Pandey .

text: Apna

text: Sapna

text: Money

text: Money

text: English

text: Money

text: Is

text: Our

text: Dream

text: is

text: Bollywood

text: film

text: released

text: on

text: November

text: The

text: movie

text: revolves

text: around

text: group

text: of

text: characters

text: that

text: eat

text: drink

text: sleep

text: and

text: worship

text: money

text: Directed

text: by

text: Sangeeth

text: Sivan

text: Apna

text: Sapna

text: Money

text: Money

text: is

text: tale

text: of

text: several

text: characters

text: who

text: are

text: in

text: mad

text: race

text: to

text: be

text: rich

text: They

text: believe

text: that

text: money

text: sets

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: motion

text: but

text: discover

text: that

text: the

text: more

text: one

text: chases

text: money

text: the

text: harder

text: it

text: is

text: to

text: catch

text: The

text: film

text: produced

text: by

text: Subhash

text: Ghai

text: is

text: situational

text: comedy

text: starring

text: host

text: of

text: actors

text: Ritesh

text: Deshmukh

text: Celina

text: Jaitley

text: Koena

text: Mitra

text: Jackie

text: Shroff

text: Sunil

text: Shetty

text: Shreyas

text: Talpade

text: Bobby

text: Darling

text: Riya

text: Sen

text: Anupam

text: Kher

text: Rajpal

text: Yadav

text: and

text: Chunky

text: Pandey

text: Malayalam is a language spoken in India, predominantly in the state of Kerala. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and was designated as a Classical Language in India in 2013. It was developed to the current form mainly by the influence of the poet Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan in the 16th century. Malayalam has official language status in the state of Kerala and in the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry. It belongs to the Dravidian family of languages and is spoken by some 38 million people. Malayalam is also spoken in the neighboring states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka; with significant speakers in the Nilgiris, Kanyakumari and Coimbatore districts of Tamil Nadu, and Dakshina Kannada of Karnataka.

text: Malayalam

text: is

text: language

text: spoken

text: in

text: India

text: predominantly

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Kerala

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: scheduled

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: was

text: designated

text: as

text: Classical

text: Language

text: in

text: India

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: developed

text: to

text: the

text: current

text: form

text: mainly

text: by

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: the

text: poet

text: Thunchaththu

text: Ezhuthachan

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Malayalam

text: has

text: official

text: language

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Kerala

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: union

text: territories

text: of

text: Lakshadweep

text: and

text: Puducherry

text: It

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: Dravidian

text: family

text: of

text: languages

text: and

text: is

text: spoken

text: by

text: some

text: million

text: people

text: Malayalam

text: is

text: also

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: neighboring

text: states

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: and

text: Karnataka

text: with

text: significant

text: speakers

text: in

text: the

text: Nilgiris

text: Kanyakumari

text: and

text: Coimbatore

text: districts

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: and

text: Dakshina

text: Kannada

text: of

text: Karnataka

text: Suyash 'Chunky' Pandey (born 26 September 1962) is an Indian film actor who works in Bollywood films. He has appeared in over 80 movies in a career that has spanned over three decades. His movies were more successful in Hindi in the period 1987-1992. After failure of his Hindi films as lead hero since 1993, his career in Hindi films faded away. Chunky then worked in Bangladeshi Cinema from 1995 and most of his movies in Bangladesh were successful. He has been acting as character actor since 2003 in Hindi films.

text: Suyash

text: Chunky

text: Pandey

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actor

text: who

text: works

text: in

text: Bollywood

text: films

text: He

text: has

text: appeared

text: in

text: over

text: movies

text: in

text: career

text: that

text: has

text: spanned

text: over

text: three

text: decades

text: His

text: movies

text: were

text: more

text: successful

text: in

text: Hindi

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: After

text: failure

text: of

text: his

text: Hindi

text: films

text: as

text: lead

text: hero

text: since

text: his

text: career

text: in

text: Hindi

text: films

text: faded

text: away

text: Chunky

text: then

text: worked

text: in

text: Bangladeshi

text: Cinema

text: from

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: movies

text: in

text: Bangladesh

text: were

text: successful

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: acting

text: as

text: character

text: actor

text: since

text: in

text: Hindi

text: films

text: Sangeeth Sivan is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works in Malayalam and Hindi film industries. He is probably best known for directing the 1992 Malayalam film "Yodha".

text: Sangeeth

text: Sivan

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: director

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: who

text: works

text: in

text: Malayalam

text: and

text: Hindi

text: film

text: industries

text: He

text: is

text: probably

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: directing

text: the

text: Malayalam

text: film

text: Yodha

text: Maharashtra (Marathi:  pronunciation: , abbr. MH) is a state in the western region of India and is India's third-largest state by area and is also the world's second-most populous sub-national entity. It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital, Mumbai, has a population of approximately 18 million. Nagpur is Maharashtra's second capital as well as its winter capital. Maharashtra's business opportunities along with its potential to offer a higher standard of living attract migrants from all over India.

text: Maharashtra

text: Marathi

text: pronunciation

text: abbr

text: MH

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: region

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: India

text: 's

text: third

text: largest

text: state

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: sub

text: national

text: entity

text: It

text: has

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: Mumbai

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: Nagpur

text: is

text: Maharashtra

text: 's

text: second

text: capital

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: winter

text: capital

text: Maharashtra

text: 's

text: business

text: opportunities

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: potential

text: to

text: offer

text: higher

text: standard

text: of

text: living

text: attract

text: migrants

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: India

text: A synecdoche (; from Greek , "synekdoche", . "simultaneous understanding") is a figure of speech in which a term for a part of something refers to the whole of something or vice versa. A synecdoche is a class of metonymy, often by means of either mentioning a part for the whole or conversely the whole for one of its parts. Examples from common English expressions include "bread and butter" (for "livelihood"), "suits" (for "businesspeople"), and "boots" (for "soldiers") (Pars pro toto), or conversely "America" (for "the United States of America") (Totum pro parte).

text: synecdoche

text: from

text: Greek

text: synekdoche

text: simultaneous

text: understanding

text: is

text: figure

text: of

text: speech

text: in

text: which

text: term

text: for

text: part

text: of

text: something

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: something

text: or

text: vice

text: versa

text: synecdoche

text: is

text: class

text: of

text: metonymy

text: often

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: either

text: mentioning

text: part

text: for

text: the

text: whole

text: or

text: conversely

text: the

text: whole

text: for

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: parts

text: Examples

text: from

text: common

text: English

text: expressions

text: include

text: bread

text: and

text: butter

text: for

text: livelihood

text: suits

text: for

text: businesspeople

text: and

text: boots

text: for

text: soldiers

text: Pars

text: pro

text: toto

text: or

text: conversely

text: America

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: Totum

text: pro

text: parte

text: Suchitra Sen (born as Roma Dasgupta) (6 April 1931  17 January 2014) was an Indian film actress who worked in Bengali and Hindi cinema. The movies in which she was paired opposite Uttam Kumar became classics in the history of Bengali cinema.

text: Suchitra

text: Sen

text: born

text: as

text: Roma

text: Dasgupta

text: April

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actress

text: who

text: worked

text: in

text: Bengali

text: and

text: Hindi

text: cinema

text: The

text: movies

text: in

text: which

text: she

text: was

text: paired

text: opposite

text: Uttam

text: Kumar

text: became

text: classics

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Bengali

text: cinema

text: Koena Mitra (born 7 January 1980) is an Indian actress and model who appears in Bollywood films.

text: Koena

text: Mitra

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: actress

text: and

text: model

text: who

text: appears

text: in

text: Bollywood

text: films

text: Lust, Caution is a 2007 erotic espionage thriller film directed by Ang Lee, based on the novella of the same name published in 1979 by Chinese author Eileen Chang. The story is mostly set in Hong Kong in 1938 and in Shanghai in 1942, when it was occupied by the Imperial Japanese Army and ruled by the puppet government led by Wang Jingwei. It depicts a group of Chinese university students from the Lingnan University who plot to assassinate a high-ranking special agent and recruiter of the puppet government using an attractive young woman to lure him into a trap.

text: Lust

text: Caution

text: is

text: erotic

text: espionage

text: thriller

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Ang

text: Lee

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: novella

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: published

text: in

text: by

text: Chinese

text: author

text: Eileen

text: Chang

text: The

text: story

text: is

text: mostly

text: set

text: in

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: Shanghai

text: in

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Japanese

text: Army

text: and

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: puppet

text: government

text: led

text: by

text: Wang

text: Jingwei

text: It

text: depicts

text: group

text: of

text: Chinese

text: university

text: students

text: from

text: the

text: Lingnan

text: University

text: who

text: plot

text: to

text: assassinate

text: high

text: ranking

text: special

text: agent

text: and

text: recruiter

text: of

text: the

text: puppet

text: government

text: using

text: an

text: attractive

text: young

text: woman

text: to

text: lure

text: him

text: into

text: trap

text: Horror film is a film genre that seeks to elicit a negative emotional reaction from viewers by playing on their fears. Inspired by literature from authors like Edgar Allan Poe, Bram Stoker, and Mary Shelley, horror films have existed for more than a century. The macabre and the supernatural are frequent themes. Horror may also overlap with the fantasy, supernatural fiction and thriller genres.

text: Horror

text: film

text: is

text: film

text: genre

text: that

text: seeks

text: to

text: elicit

text: negative

text: emotional

text: reaction

text: from

text: viewers

text: by

text: playing

text: on

text: their

text: fears

text: Inspired

text: by

text: literature

text: from

text: authors

text: like

text: Edgar

text: Allan

text: Poe

text: Bram

text: Stoker

text: and

text: Mary

text: Shelley

text: horror

text: films

text: have

text: existed

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: century

text: The

text: macabre

text: and

text: the

text: supernatural

text: are

text: frequent

text: themes

text: Horror

text: may

text: also

text: overlap

text: with

text: the

text: fantasy

text: supernatural

text: fiction

text: and

text: thriller

text: genres

text: Sex comedy or more broadly sexual comedy is a genre in which comedy is motivated by sexual situations and love affairs. Although "sex comedy" is primarily a description of dramatic forms such as theatre and film, literary works such as those of Ovid and Chaucer may be considered sex comedies.

text: Sex

text: comedy

text: or

text: more

text: broadly

text: sexual

text: comedy

text: is

text: genre

text: in

text: which

text: comedy

text: is

text: motivated

text: by

text: sexual

text: situations

text: and

text: love

text: affairs

text: Although

text: sex

text: comedy

text: is

text: primarily

text: description

text: of

text: dramatic

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: theatre

text: and

text: film

text: literary

text: works

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: of

text: Ovid

text: and

text: Chaucer

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: sex

text: comedies

text: Bobby Darling is an Indian actress active in Bollywood and regional Indian films, celebrity, reality show participant, and model. Before transitioning she appeared in the Limca Book of Records for doing 18 roles as a gay man by the time she was 23 years old.

text: Bobby

text: Darling

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: actress

text: active

text: in

text: Bollywood

text: and

text: regional

text: Indian

text: films

text: celebrity

text: reality

text: show

text: participant

text: and

text: model

text: Before

text: transitioning

text: she

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: Limca

text: Book

text: of

text: Records

text: for

text: doing

text: roles

text: as

text: gay

text: man

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: she

text: was

text: years

text: old

text: Bend It Like Beckham is a 2002 romantic sports family and British Indian-themed comedy-drama film produced, written, and directed by Gurinder Chadha, and starring Parminder Nagra, Keira Knightley, Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Anupam Kher, Shaznay Lewis, and Archie Panjabi.

text: Bend

text: It

text: Like

text: Beckham

text: is

text: romantic

text: sports

text: family

text: and

text: British

text: Indian

text: themed

text: comedy

text: drama

text: film

text: produced

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Gurinder

text: Chadha

text: and

text: starring

text: Parminder

text: Nagra

text: Keira

text: Knightley

text: Jonathan

text: Rhys

text: Meyers

text: Anupam

text: Kher

text: Shaznay

text: Lewis

text: and

text: Archie

text: Panjabi

text: David Owen Russell (born August 20, 1958) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. His early directing career includes the comedy films "Spanking the Monkey" (1994), "Flirting with Disaster" (1996), "Three Kings" (1999) and "I  Huckabees" (2004).

text: David

text: Owen

text: Russell

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: director

text: screenwriter

text: and

text: producer

text: His

text: early

text: directing

text: career

text: includes

text: the

text: comedy

text: films

text: Spanking

text: the

text: Monkey

text: Flirting

text: with

text: Disaster

text: Three

text: Kings

text: and

text: Huckabees

text: The Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor is given by "Filmfare" as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to recognise a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role. Although the awards started in 1954, awards for the best supporting actor category started only the following year 1955. As of 2016, Pran, Amrish Puri, Amitabh Bachchan, Abhishek Bachchan and Anil Kapoor lead the list, with three wins each. Anil Kapoor currently also holds the record of being the youngest (Mashaal, 1985) recipient of the award, whereas Rishi Kapoor holds the record for being the eldest (Kapoor & Sons, 2017).

text: The

text: Filmfare

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actor

text: is

text: given

text: by

text: Filmfare

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: annual

text: Filmfare

text: Awards

text: for

text: Hindi

text: films

text: to

text: recognise

text: male

text: actor

text: who

text: has

text: delivered

text: an

text: outstanding

text: performance

text: in

text: supporting

text: role

text: Although

text: the

text: awards

text: started

text: in

text: awards

text: for

text: the

text: best

text: supporting

text: actor

text: category

text: started

text: only

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: As

text: of

text: Pran

text: Amrish

text: Puri

text: Amitabh

text: Bachchan

text: Abhishek

text: Bachchan

text: and

text: Anil

text: Kapoor

text: lead

text: the

text: list

text: with

text: three

text: wins

text: each

text: Anil

text: Kapoor

text: currently

text: also

text: holds

text: the

text: record

text: of

text: being

text: the

text: youngest

text: Mashaal

text: recipient

text: of

text: the

text: award

text: whereas

text: Rishi

text: Kapoor

text: holds

text: the

text: record

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: eldest

text: Kapoor

text: Sons

text: Shaadi No. 1 (translated: "Marriage No. 1") is an Indian comedy film released in November 2005. The film, directed by David Dhawan, stars Fardeen Khan, Zayed Khan, Sharman Joshi, Ayesha Takia, Esha Deol, Soha Ali Khan, Riya Sen, Aarti Chhabria, Sophia Chaudhary, Sanjay Dutt and Satish Shah. The film was produced by Vashu Bhagnani. The film is remake of the Telugu movie "Sandade Sandadi" which itself was a remake of Kannada movie "Kothigalu Saar Kothigalu".

text: Shaadi

text: No

text: translated

text: Marriage

text: No

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: comedy

text: film

text: released

text: in

text: November

text: The

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: David

text: Dhawan

text: stars

text: Fardeen

text: Khan

text: Zayed

text: Khan

text: Sharman

text: Joshi

text: Ayesha

text: Takia

text: Esha

text: Deol

text: Soha

text: Ali

text: Khan

text: Riya

text: Sen

text: Aarti

text: Chhabria

text: Sophia

text: Chaudhary

text: Sanjay

text: Dutt

text: and

text: Satish

text: Shah

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Vashu

text: Bhagnani

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: remake

text: of

text: the

text: Telugu

text: movie

text: Sandade

text: Sandadi

text: which

text: itself

text: was

text: remake

text: of

text: Kannada

text: movie

text: Kothigalu

text: Saar

text: Kothigalu

text: Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari:  , "Mnak Hind") or simply Hindi (Devanagari: , "Hind"), is an Indian language and a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language. Hindi is one of the official languages of India, and is the "lingua franca" of the Hindi belt languages. Outside India, Hindi is an official language in Fiji, and is a recognised regional language in Mauritius, Suriname, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago.

text: Modern

text: Standard

text: Hindi

text: Devanagari

text: Mnak

text: Hind

text: or

text: simply

text: Hindi

text: Devanagari

text: Hind

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: language

text: and

text: standardised

text: and

text: Sanskritised

text: register

text: of

text: the

text: Hindustani

text: language

text: Hindi

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: lingua

text: franca

text: of

text: the

text: Hindi

text: belt

text: languages

text: Outside

text: India

text: Hindi

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: in

text: Fiji

text: and

text: is

text: recognised

text: regional

text: language

text: in

text: Mauritius

text: Suriname

text: Guyana

text: and

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Tobago

text: Riya Sen (born Riya Dev Varma; 24 January 1981) is an Indian film actress and model. Riya, who comes from a family of actors including her grandmother Suchitra Sen, mother Moon Moon Sen and sister Raima Sen, began her acting career in 1991 as a child actress in the film "Vishkanya". Her first commercial success in her film career was with "Style", a 2001 Hindi low-budget sex comedy directed by N. Chandra. Some of her other notable films include producer Pritish Nandy's musical film, "Jhankaar Beats" (2003) in Hinglish, "Shaadi No. 1" (2005) and Malayalam horror film "Ananthabhadram" (2005).

text: Riya

text: Sen

text: born

text: Riya

text: Dev

text: Varma

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actress

text: and

text: model

text: Riya

text: who

text: comes

text: from

text: family

text: of

text: actors

text: including

text: her

text: grandmother

text: Suchitra

text: Sen

text: mother

text: Moon

text: Moon

text: Sen

text: and

text: sister

text: Raima

text: Sen

text: began

text: her

text: acting

text: career

text: in

text: as

text: child

text: actress

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Vishkanya

text: Her

text: first

text: commercial

text: success

text: in

text: her

text: film

text: career

text: was

text: with

text: Style

text: Hindi

text: low

text: budget

text: sex

text: comedy

text: directed

text: by

text: Chandra

text: Some

text: of

text: her

text: other

text: notable

text: films

text: include

text: producer

text: Pritish

text: Nandy

text: 's

text: musical

text: film

text: Jhankaar

text: Beats

text: in

text: Hinglish

text: Shaadi

text: No

text: and

text: Malayalam

text: horror

text: film

text: Ananthabhadram

text: Hinglish, a portmanteau of Hindi and English, is the macaronic hybrid use of English and South Asian languages, involving code-switching between these languages whereby they are freely interchanged within a sentence or between sentences. While the name is based on the Hindi language, it does not refer exclusively to Hindi, but "is used in India, with English words blending with Punjabi, and Hindi, and also within British Asian families to enliven standard English."

text: Hinglish

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: Hindi

text: and

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: macaronic

text: hybrid

text: use

text: of

text: English

text: and

text: South

text: Asian

text: languages

text: involving

text: code

text: switching

text: between

text: these

text: languages

text: whereby

text: they

text: are

text: freely

text: interchanged

text: within

text: sentence

text: or

text: between

text: sentences

text: While

text: the

text: name

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Hindi

text: language

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: refer

text: exclusively

text: to

text: Hindi

text: but

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: India

text: with

text: English

text: words

text: blending

text: with

text: Punjabi

text: and

text: Hindi

text: and

text: also

text: within

text: British

text: Asian

text: families

text: to

text: enliven

text: standard

text: English

text: Jaikishen Kakubhai "Jackie" Shroff (born 1 February 1957) is an Indian actor. He has been in the Hindi cinema (Bollywood) industry for almost four decades and has appeared in more than 207 films in Ten languages (Hindi, Konkani, Kannada, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Bengali, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu).

text: Jaikishen

text: Kakubhai

text: Jackie

text: Shroff

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: actor

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: Hindi

text: cinema

text: Bollywood

text: industry

text: for

text: almost

text: four

text: decades

text: and

text: has

text: appeared

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: films

text: in

text: Ten

text: languages

text: Hindi

text: Konkani

text: Kannada

text: Marathi

text: Oriya

text: Punjabi

text: Bengali

text: Malayalam

text: Tamil

text: Telugu

text: Jhankaar Beats (Hindi:  ) is a 2003 Bollywood musical comedy film directed by Sujoy Ghosh and released by Pritish Nandy Communications. It stars Sanjay Suri, Rahul Bose, Juhi Chawla, debutant Shayan Munshi, Rinke Khanna and Riya Sen. The soundtrack of the film features the popular song "Tu Aashiqui Hai" sung by playback singer KK and written by Vishal Dadlani).

text: Jhankaar

text: Beats

text: Hindi

text: is

text: Bollywood

text: musical

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Sujoy

text: Ghosh

text: and

text: released

text: by

text: Pritish

text: Nandy

text: Communications

text: It

text: stars

text: Sanjay

text: Suri

text: Rahul

text: Bose

text: Juhi

text: Chawla

text: debutant

text: Shayan

text: Munshi

text: Rinke

text: Khanna

text: and

text: Riya

text: Sen.

text: The

text: soundtrack

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: features

text: the

text: popular

text: song

text: Tu

text: Aashiqui

text: Hai

text: sung

text: by

text: playback

text: singer

text: KK

text: and

text: written

text: by

text: Vishal

text: Dadlani

text: Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India and the ninth most populous agglomeration in the world, with an estimated city population of 18.4 million. Along with the neighbouring regions of the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, it is one of the most populous urban regions in the world and the second most populous metropolitan area in India, with a population of 20.7 million . Mumbai lies on the west coast of India and has a deep natural harbour. In 2009, Mumbai was named an alpha world city. It is also the wealthiest city in India, and has the highest GDP of any city in South, West, or Central Asia. Mumbai has the highest number of billionaires and millionaires among all cities in India.

text: Mumbai

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Bombay

text: the

text: official

text: name

text: until

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Maharashtra

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: agglomeration

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: city

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: Mumbai

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: regions

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: India

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Mumbai

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: has

text: deep

text: natural

text: harbour

text: In

text: Mumbai

text: was

text: named

text: an

text: alpha

text: world

text: city

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: city

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: GDP

text: of

text: any

text: city

text: in

text: South

text: West

text: or

text: Central

text: Asia

text: Mumbai

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: number

text: of

text: billionaires

text: and

text: millionaires

text: among

text: all

text: cities

text: in

text: India

text: The Filmfare Best Comedian Award was given by "Filmfare" as part of its annual Filmfare Awards for Hindi films, to recognise an actor who had delivered an outstanding performance in a comic role.

text: The

text: Filmfare

text: Best

text: Comedian

text: Award

text: was

text: given

text: by

text: Filmfare

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: its

text: annual

text: Filmfare

text: Awards

text: for

text: Hindi

text: films

text: to

text: recognise

text: an

text: actor

text: who

text: had

text: delivered

text: an

text: outstanding

text: performance

text: in

text: comic

text: role

text: Shreyas Talpade (born 27 January 1976) is an Indian actor who appears in Marathi and Hindi films.

text: Shreyas

text: Talpade

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: actor

text: who

text: appears

text: in

text: Marathi

text: and

text: Hindi

text: films

text: N. Chandra or Chandrashekhar Narvekar (born 4 April 1952) is an Indian producer, writer and director, known for gritty realism, in his early dark and loud films such as "Ankush", "Pratighaat", "Tezaab" and "Narsimha" (1991). Chandra also made the successful but critically scorned "Style" and its sequel "Xcuse Me".

text: Chandra

text: or

text: Chandrashekhar

text: Narvekar

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: producer

text: writer

text: and

text: director

text: known

text: for

text: gritty

text: realism

text: in

text: his

text: early

text: dark

text: and

text: loud

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: Ankush

text: Pratighaat

text: Tezaab

text: and

text: Narsimha

text: Chandra

text: also

text: made

text: the

text: successful

text: but

text: critically

text: scorned

text: Style

text: and

text: its

text: sequel

text: Xcuse

text: Me

text: Moon Moon Sen, also credited as Moonmoon Sen, (born 28 March 1954) is an Indian film actress, known for her works in Bengali, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi and Kannada films. She eventually starred in Bollywood films. She has appeared in 60 films and 40 television series. She has received Andhra Pradesh state Nandi Award for Best Supporting Actress in 1987, for her role in the film "Sirivennela".

text: Moon

text: Moon

text: Sen

text: also

text: credited

text: as

text: Moonmoon

text: Sen

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actress

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: works

text: in

text: Bengali

text: Hindi

text: Tamil

text: Telugu

text: Malayalam

text: Marathi

text: and

text: Kannada

text: films

text: She

text: eventually

text: starred

text: in

text: Bollywood

text: films

text: She

text: has

text: appeared

text: in

text: films

text: and

text: television

text: series

text: She

text: has

text: received

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: state

text: Nandi

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actress

text: in

text: for

text: her

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Sirivennela

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: Bollywood is the sobriquet for India's Hindi language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is more formally referred to as Hindi cinema. The term "Bollywood" is often used by non-Indians as a synecdoche to refer to the whole of Indian cinema; however, Bollywood proper is only a part of the larger Indian film industry, which includes other production centres producing films in many other Indian languages.

text: Bollywood

text: is

text: the

text: sobriquet

text: for

text: India

text: 's

text: Hindi

text: language

text: film

text: industry

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Mumbai

text: Maharashtra

text: It

text: is

text: more

text: formally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Hindi

text: cinema

text: The

text: term

text: Bollywood

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: by

text: non

text: Indians

text: as

text: synecdoche

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Indian

text: cinema

text: however

text: Bollywood

text: proper

text: is

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: Indian

text: film

text: industry

text: which

text: includes

text: other

text: production

text: centres

text: producing

text: films

text: in

text: many

text: other

text: Indian

text: languages

text: Limca Book of Records is an annual reference book published in India documenting human and natural world records. The world records achieved by humans are further categorised in education, literature, agriculture, medical science, business, sports, nature, adventure, radio, and cinema with Limca book of Records rules.

text: Limca

text: Book

text: of

text: Records

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: reference

text: book

text: published

text: in

text: India

text: documenting

text: human

text: and

text: natural

text: world

text: records

text: The

text: world

text: records

text: achieved

text: by

text: humans

text: are

text: further

text: categorised

text: in

text: education

text: literature

text: agriculture

text: medical

text: science

text: business

text: sports

text: nature

text: adventure

text: radio

text: and

text: cinema

text: with

text: Limca

text: book

text: of

text: Records

text: rules

text: The musical film is a film genre in which songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative, sometimes accompanied by dancing.

text: The

text: musical

text: film

text: is

text: film

text: genre

text: in

text: which

text: songs

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: characters

text: are

text: interwoven

text: into

text: the

text: narrative

text: sometimes

text: accompanied

text: by

text: dancing

text: Ram Lakhan is a Bollywood movie released in 1989. It was produced and directed by Subhash Ghai and had an ensemble cast, including Anil Kapoor, Jackie Shroff, Madhuri Dixit, Dimple Kapadia, Raakhee, and Anupam Kher

text: Ram

text: Lakhan

text: is

text: Bollywood

text: movie

text: released

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: produced

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Subhash

text: Ghai

text: and

text: had

text: an

text: ensemble

text: cast

text: including

text: Anil

text: Kapoor

text: Jackie

text: Shroff

text: Madhuri

text: Dixit

text: Dimple

text: Kapadia

text: Raakhee

text: and

text: Anupam

text: Kher

text: Anupam Kher (born 7 March 1955) is an Indian actor who has appeared in 500 films and many plays. Mainly working in Hindi films, he has also appeared in acclaimed international films such as the 2002 Golden Globe nominated "Bend It Like Beckham", Ang Lee's 2007 Golden Lion-winning "Lust, Caution", and David O. Russell's 2013 Oscar-winning "Silver Linings Playbook". Kher has won the Filmfare Award for Best Performance in a Comic Role five times. For his performance in film "Vijay" he won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor.

text: Anupam

text: Kher

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: actor

text: who

text: has

text: appeared

text: in

text: films

text: and

text: many

text: plays

text: Mainly

text: working

text: in

text: Hindi

text: films

text: he

text: has

text: also

text: appeared

text: in

text: acclaimed

text: international

text: films

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Golden

text: Globe

text: nominated

text: Bend

text: It

text: Like

text: Beckham

text: Ang

text: Lee

text: 's

text: Golden

text: Lion

text: winning

text: Lust

text: Caution

text: and

text: David

text: Russell

text: 's

text: Oscar

text: winning

text: Silver

text: Linings

text: Playbook

text: Kher

text: has

text: won

text: the

text: Filmfare

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Performance

text: in

text: Comic

text: Role

text: five

text: times

text: For

text: his

text: performance

text: in

text: film

text: Vijay

text: he

text: won

text: the

text: Filmfare

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actor

question: genre apna sapna money money

answer: musical film

text: musical film

text: musical film


text: A comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to evolve gasses, a process called outgassing. This produces a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are due to the effects of solar radiation and the solar wind acting upon the nucleus of the comet. Comet nuclei range from a few hundred metres to tens of kilometres across and are composed of loose collections of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. The coma may be up to 15 times the Earth's diameter, while the tail may stretch one astronomical unit. If sufficiently bright, a comet may be seen from the Earth without the aid of a telescope and may subtend an arc of 30° (60 Moons) across the sky. Comets have been observed and recorded since ancient times by many cultures.

text: comet

text: is

text: an

text: icy

text: small

text: Solar

text: System

text: body

text: that

text: when

text: passing

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Sun

text: warms

text: and

text: begins

text: to

text: evolve

text: gasses

text: process

text: called

text: outgassing

text: This

text: produces

text: visible

text: atmosphere

text: or

text: coma

text: and

text: sometimes

text: also

text: tail

text: These

text: phenomena

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: solar

text: radiation

text: and

text: the

text: solar

text: wind

text: acting

text: upon

text: the

text: nucleus

text: of

text: the

text: comet

text: Comet

text: nuclei

text: range

text: from

text: few

text: hundred

text: metres

text: to

text: tens

text: of

text: kilometres

text: across

text: and

text: are

text: composed

text: of

text: loose

text: collections

text: of

text: ice

text: dust

text: and

text: small

text: rocky

text: particles

text: The

text: coma

text: may

text: be

text: up

text: to

text: times

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: diameter

text: while

text: the

text: tail

text: may

text: stretch

text: one

text: astronomical

text: unit

text: If

text: sufficiently

text: bright

text: comet

text: may

text: be

text: seen

text: from

text: the

text: Earth

text: without

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: telescope

text: and

text: may

text: subtend

text: an

text: arc

text: of

text: Moons

text: across

text: the

text: sky

text: Comets

text: have

text: been

text: observed

text: and

text: recorded

text: since

text: ancient

text: times

text: by

text: many

text: cultures

text: Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena. It applies mathematics, physics, and chemistry, in an effort to explain the origin of those objects and phenomena and their evolution. Objects of interest include planets, moons, stars, galaxies, and comets; while the phenomena include supernovae explosions, gamma ray bursts, and cosmic microwave background radiation. More generally, all astronomical phenomena that originate outside Earth's atmosphere are within the purview of astronomy. A related but distinct subject, physical cosmology, is concerned with the study of the Universe as a whole.

text: Astronomy

text: is

text: natural

text: science

text: that

text: studies

text: celestial

text: objects

text: and

text: phenomena

text: It

text: applies

text: mathematics

text: physics

text: and

text: chemistry

text: in

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: explain

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: those

text: objects

text: and

text: phenomena

text: and

text: their

text: evolution

text: Objects

text: of

text: interest

text: include

text: planets

text: moons

text: stars

text: galaxies

text: and

text: comets

text: while

text: the

text: phenomena

text: include

text: supernovae

text: explosions

text: gamma

text: ray

text: bursts

text: and

text: cosmic

text: microwave

text: background

text: radiation

text: More

text: generally

text: all

text: astronomical

text: phenomena

text: that

text: originate

text: outside

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: are

text: within

text: the

text: purview

text: of

text: astronomy

text: related

text: but

text: distinct

text: subject

text: physical

text: cosmology

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: Universe

text: as

text: whole

text: Geminus of Rhodes, was a Greek astronomer and mathematician, who flourished in the 1st century BC. An astronomy work of his, the "Introduction to the Phenomena", still survives; it was intended as an introductory astronomy book for students. He also wrote a work on mathematics, of which only fragments quoted by later authors survive.

text: Geminus

text: of

text: Rhodes

text: was

text: Greek

text: astronomer

text: and

text: mathematician

text: who

text: flourished

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: An

text: astronomy

text: work

text: of

text: his

text: the

text: Introduction

text: to

text: the

text: Phenomena

text: still

text: survives

text: it

text: was

text: intended

text: as

text: an

text: introductory

text: astronomy

text: book

text: for

text: students

text: He

text: also

text: wrote

text: work

text: on

text: mathematics

text: of

text: which

text: only

text: fragments

text: quoted

text: by

text: later

text: authors

text: survive

text:
In planar geometry, an angle is the figure formed by two rays, called the "sides" of the angle, sharing a common endpoint, called the "vertex" of the angle.
Angles formed by two rays lie in a plane, but this plane does not have to be a Euclidean plane. Angles are also formed by the intersection of two planes in Euclidean and other spaces. These are called dihedral angles. Angles formed by the intersection of two curves in a plane are defined as the angle determined by the tangent rays at the point of intersection. Similar statements hold in space, for example, the spherical angle formed by two great circles on a sphere is the dihedral angle between the planes determined by the great circles.

text: In

text: planar

text: geometry

text: an

text: angle

text: is

text: the

text: figure

text: formed

text: by

text: two

text: rays

text: called

text: the

text: sides

text: of

text: the

text: angle

text: sharing

text: common

text: endpoint

text: called

text: the

text: vertex

text: of

text: the

text: angle

text: Angles

text: formed

text: by

text: two

text: rays

text: lie

text: in

text: plane

text: but

text: this

text: plane

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: Euclidean

text: plane

text: Angles

text: are

text: also

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: two

text: planes

text: in

text: Euclidean

text: and

text: other

text: spaces

text: These

text: are

text: called

text: dihedral

text: angles

text: Angles

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: two

text: curves

text: in

text: plane

text: are

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: angle

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: tangent

text: rays

text: at

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: intersection

text: Similar

text: statements

text: hold

text: in

text: space

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: spherical

text: angle

text: formed

text: by

text: two

text: great

text: circles

text: on

text: sphere

text: is

text: the

text: dihedral

text: angle

text: between

text: the

text: planes

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: great

text: circles

text: Aristotle ("Aristotéls"; 384322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects  including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government  and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC.

text: Aristotle

text: Aristotéls

text: BC

text: was

text: Greek

text: philosopher

text: and

text: scientist

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Stagira

text: Chalkidice

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: periphery

text: of

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: His

text: father

text: Nicomachus

text: died

text: when

text: Aristotle

text: was

text: child

text: whereafter

text: Proxenus

text: of

text: Atarneus

text: became

text: his

text: guardian

text: At

text: seventeen

text: or

text: eighteen

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: he

text: joined

text: Plato

text: 's

text: Academy

text: in

text: Athens

text: and

text: remained

text: there

text: until

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: thirty

text: seven

text: BC

text: His

text: writings

text: cover

text: many

text: subjects

text: including

text: physics

text: biology

text: zoology

text: metaphysics

text: logic

text: ethics

text: aesthetics

text: poetry

text: theater

text: music

text: rhetoric

text: linguistics

text: politics

text: and

text: government

text: and

text: constitute

text: the

text: first

text: comprehensive

text: system

text: of

text: Western

text: philosophy

text: Shortly

text: after

text: Plato

text: died

text: Aristotle

text: left

text: Athens

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: request

text: of

text: Philip

text: of

text: Macedon

text: tutored

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: beginning

text: in

text: BC

text: A star is a luminous sphere of plasma held together by its own gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun. Many other stars are visible to the naked eye from Earth during the night, appearing as a multitude of fixed luminous points in the sky due to their immense distance from Earth. Historically, the most prominent stars were grouped into constellations and asterisms, the brightest of which gained proper names. Astronomers have assembled star catalogues that identify the known stars and provide standardized stellar designations. However, most of the stars in the Universe, including all stars outside our galaxy, the Milky Way, are invisible to the naked eye from Earth. Indeed, most are invisible from Earth even through the most powerful telescopes.

text: star

text: is

text: luminous

text: sphere

text: of

text: plasma

text: held

text: together

text: by

text: its

text: own

text: gravity

text: The

text: nearest

text: star

text: to

text: Earth

text: is

text: the

text: Sun

text: Many

text: other

text: stars

text: are

text: visible

text: to

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: from

text: Earth

text: during

text: the

text: night

text: appearing

text: as

text: multitude

text: of

text: fixed

text: luminous

text: points

text: in

text: the

text: sky

text: due

text: to

text: their

text: immense

text: distance

text: from

text: Earth

text: Historically

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: stars

text: were

text: grouped

text: into

text: constellations

text: and

text: asterisms

text: the

text: brightest

text: of

text: which

text: gained

text: proper

text: names

text: Astronomers

text: have

text: assembled

text: star

text: catalogues

text: that

text: identify

text: the

text: known

text: stars

text: and

text: provide

text: standardized

text: stellar

text: designations

text: However

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: stars

text: in

text: the

text: Universe

text: including

text: all

text: stars

text: outside

text: our

text: galaxy

text: the

text: Milky

text: Way

text: are

text: invisible

text: to

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: from

text: Earth

text: Indeed

text: most

text: are

text: invisible

text: from

text: Earth

text: even

text: through

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: telescopes

text: Proclus Lycaeus (8 February 412  17 April 485 AD), called the Successor (Greek , "Próklos ho Diádokhos"), was a Greek Neoplatonist philosopher, one of the last major Classical philosophers (see Damascius). He set forth one of the most elaborate and fully developed systems of Neoplatonism. He stands near the end of the classical development of philosophy, and was very influential on Western medieval philosophy (Greek and Latin).

text: Proclus

text: Lycaeus

text: February

text: April

text: AD

text: called

text: the

text: Successor

text: Greek

text: Próklos

text: ho

text: Diádokhos

text: was

text: Greek

text: Neoplatonist

text: philosopher

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: major

text: Classical

text: philosophers

text: see

text: Damascius

text: He

text: set

text: forth

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: elaborate

text: and

text: fully

text: developed

text: systems

text: of

text: Neoplatonism

text: He

text: stands

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: classical

text: development

text: of

text: philosophy

text: and

text: was

text: very

text: influential

text: on

text: Western

text: medieval

text: philosophy

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: Antioch on the Orontes (also Syrian Antioch) was an ancient Greco-Roman city on the eastern side of the Orontes River. Its ruins lie near the modern city of Antakya, Turkey, and lends the modern city its name.

text: Antioch

text: on

text: the

text: Orontes

text: also

text: Syrian

text: Antioch

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Orontes

text: River

text: Its

text: ruins

text: lie

text: near

text: the

text: modern

text: city

text: of

text: Antakya

text: Turkey

text: and

text: lends

text: the

text: modern

text: city

text: its

text: name

text: Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.

text: Earth

text: otherwise

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: planet

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: object

text: in

text: the

text: Universe

text: known

text: to

text: harbor

text: life

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: densest

text: planet

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: terrestrial

text: planets

text: Syria, officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (""), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. Syria's capital and largest city is Damascus.

text: Syria

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Syrian

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bordering

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Syria

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Damascus

text: An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside of the scope of Earth. They look at stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies, as well as many other celestial objects  either in observational astronomy, in analyzing the data or in theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics or fields astronomers work on include: planetary science, solar astronomy, the origin or evolution of stars, or the formation of galaxies. There are also related but distinct subjects like physical cosmology which studies the Universe as a whole.

text: An

text: astronomer

text: is

text: scientist

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: astronomy

text: who

text: concentrates

text: their

text: studies

text: on

text: specific

text: question

text: or

text: field

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: Earth

text: They

text: look

text: at

text: stars

text: planets

text: moons

text: comets

text: and

text: galaxies

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: other

text: celestial

text: objects

text: either

text: in

text: observational

text: astronomy

text: in

text: analyzing

text: the

text: data

text: or

text: in

text: theoretical

text: astronomy

text: Examples

text: of

text: topics

text: or

text: fields

text: astronomers

text: work

text: on

text: include

text: planetary

text: science

text: solar

text: astronomy

text: the

text: origin

text: or

text: evolution

text: of

text: stars

text: or

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: galaxies

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: related

text: but

text: distinct

text: subjects

text: like

text: physical

text: cosmology

text: which

text: studies

text: the

text: Universe

text: as

text: whole

text: Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th-9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the period of Archaic Greece and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC. Due to the conquests by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Hellenistic civilization flourished from Central Asia to the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. The Hellenistic period came to an end with the conquests and annexations of the eastern Mediterranean world by the Roman Republic, which established the Roman province of Macedonia in Roman Greece, and later the province of Achaea during the Roman Empire.

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: was

text: civilization

text: belonging

text: to

text: period

text: of

text: Greek

text: history

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: of

text: the

text: centuries

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: antiquity

text: AD

text: Immediately

text: following

text: this

text: period

text: was

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: era

text: Roughly

text: three

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: collapse

text: of

text: Mycenaean

text: Greece

text: Greek

text: urban

text: poleis

text: began

text: to

text: form

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: ushering

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Archaic

text: Greece

text: and

text: colonization

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: an

text: era

text: that

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Greco

text: Persian

text: Wars

text: lasting

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: conquests

text: by

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: Hellenistic

text: civilization

text: flourished

text: from

text: Central

text: Asia

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: The

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: with

text: the

text: conquests

text: and

text: annexations

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: in

text: Roman

text: Greece

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Achaea

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Carpus of Antioch was an ancient Greek mathematician . It is not certain when he lived ; he may have lived any time between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD . He wrote on mechanics , astronomy , and geometry . Proclus quotes from an Astronomical Treatise by Carpus concerning whether problems should come before theorems , in which Carpus may ( or may not ) have been criticising Geminus . Proclus also quotes the view of Carpus that `` an angle is a quantity , namely a distance between the lines of surfaces containing it . '' According to Pappus , Carpus made use of mathematics for practical applications . According to Iamblichus , Carpus also constructed a curve for the purpose of squaring the circle , which he calls a curve generated by a double motion .

text: Carpus

text: of

text: Antioch

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: mathematician

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: certain

text: when

text: he

text: lived

text: he

text: may

text: have

text: lived

text: any

text: time

text: between

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: He

text: wrote

text: on

text: mechanics

text: astronomy

text: and

text: geometry

text: Proclus

text: quotes

text: from

text: an

text: Astronomical

text: Treatise

text: by

text: Carpus

text: concerning

text: whether

text: problems

text: should

text: come

text: before

text: theorems

text: in

text: which

text: Carpus

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: have

text: been

text: criticising

text: Geminus

text: Proclus

text: also

text: quotes

text: the

text: view

text: of

text: Carpus

text: that

text: an

text: angle

text: is

text: quantity

text: namely

text: distance

text: between

text: the

text: lines

text: of

text: surfaces

text: containing

text: it

text: According

text: to

text: Pappus

text: Carpus

text: made

text: use

text: of

text: mathematics

text: for

text: practical

text: applications

text: According

text: to

text: Iamblichus

text: Carpus

text: also

text: constructed

text: curve

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: squaring

text: the

text: circle

text: which

text: he

text: calls

text: curve

text: generated

text: by

text: double

text: motion

text: Neoplatonism is a modern term used to designate a tradition of philosophy that arose in the 3rd century AD and persisted until shortly after the closing of the Platonic Academy in Athens in AD 529 by Justinian I. Neoplatonists were heavily influenced by Plato, but also by the Platonic tradition that thrived during the six centuries which separated the first of the Neoplatonists from Plato.

text: Neoplatonism

text: is

text: modern

text: term

text: used

text: to

text: designate

text: tradition

text: of

text: philosophy

text: that

text: arose

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: and

text: persisted

text: until

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: closing

text: of

text: the

text: Platonic

text: Academy

text: in

text: Athens

text: in

text: AD

text: by

text: Justinian

text: Neoplatonists

text: were

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: Plato

text: but

text: also

text: by

text: the

text: Platonic

text: tradition

text: that

text: thrived

text: during

text: the

text: six

text: centuries

text: which

text: separated

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: Neoplatonists

text: from

text: Plato

text: Antakya ("Anky" from , "Aniokia" "Antiócheia"), is the seat of the Hatay Province in southern Turkey.

text: Antakya

text: Anky

text: from

text: Aniokia

text: Antiócheia

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Hatay

text: Province

text: in

text: southern

text: Turkey

text: Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.

text: Turkey

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Turkish

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: mainly

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: with

text: smaller

text: portion

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Turkey

text: is

text: democratic

text: secular

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: with

text: diverse

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: Turkey

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: eight

text: countries

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Armenia

text: the

text: Azerbaijani

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: which

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: divide

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: they

text: also

text: separate

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: location

text: has

text: given

text: it

text: geopolitical

text: and

text: strategic

text: importance

text: throughout

text: history

text: Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate. Cosmology as a science originated with the Copernican principle, which implies that celestial bodies obey identical physical laws to those on Earth, and Newtonian mechanics, which first allowed us to understand those physical laws. Physical cosmology, as it is now understood, began with the development in 1915 of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity, followed by major observational discoveries in the 1920s: first, Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe contains a huge number of external galaxies beyond our own Milky Way; then, work by Vesto Slipher and others showed that the universe is expanding. These advances made it possible to speculate about the origin of the universe, and allowed the establishment of the Big Bang Theory, by Georges Lemaitre, as the leading cosmological model. A few researchers still advocate a handful of alternative cosmologies; however, most cosmologists agree that the Big Bang theory explains the observations better.

text: Physical

text: cosmology

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: scale

text: structures

text: and

text: dynamics

text: of

text: the

text: Universe

text: and

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: fundamental

text: questions

text: about

text: its

text: origin

text: structure

text: evolution

text: and

text: ultimate

text: fate

text: Cosmology

text: as

text: science

text: originated

text: with

text: the

text: Copernican

text: principle

text: which

text: implies

text: that

text: celestial

text: bodies

text: obey

text: identical

text: physical

text: laws

text: to

text: those

text: on

text: Earth

text: and

text: Newtonian

text: mechanics

text: which

text: first

text: allowed

text: us

text: to

text: understand

text: those

text: physical

text: laws

text: Physical

text: cosmology

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: understood

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: in

text: of

text: Albert

text: Einstein

text: 's

text: general

text: theory

text: of

text: relativity

text: followed

text: by

text: major

text: observational

text: discoveries

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: Edwin

text: Hubble

text: discovered

text: that

text: the

text: universe

text: contains

text: huge

text: number

text: of

text: external

text: galaxies

text: beyond

text: our

text: own

text: Milky

text: Way

text: then

text: work

text: by

text: Vesto

text: Slipher

text: and

text: others

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: universe

text: is

text: expanding

text: These

text: advances

text: made

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: speculate

text: about

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: universe

text: and

text: allowed

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: Theory

text: by

text: Georges

text: Lemaitre

text: as

text: the

text: leading

text: cosmological

text: model

text: few

text: researchers

text: still

text: advocate

text: handful

text: of

text: alternative

text: cosmologies

text: however

text: most

text: cosmologists

text: agree

text: that

text: the

text: Big

text: Bang

text: theory

text: explains

text: the

text: observations

text: better

text: Geometry (from the ; "geo-" "earth", "-metron" "measurement") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a geometer.

text: Geometry

text: from

text: the

text: geo-

text: earth

text: -metron

text: measurement

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: mathematics

text: concerned

text: with

text: questions

text: of

text: shape

text: size

text: relative

text: position

text: of

text: figures

text: and

text: the

text: properties

text: of

text: space

text: mathematician

text: who

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: geometry

text: is

text: called

text: geometer

text: Archimedes of Syracuse  was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Generally considered the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time, Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying concepts of infinitesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems, including the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere, and the area under a parabola.

text: Archimedes

text: of

text: Syracuse

text: was

text: Greek

text: mathematician

text: physicist

text: engineer

text: inventor

text: and

text: astronomer

text: Although

text: few

text: details

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: are

text: known

text: he

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: leading

text: scientists

text: in

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: Generally

text: considered

text: the

text: greatest

text: mathematician

text: of

text: antiquity

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Archimedes

text: anticipated

text: modern

text: calculus

text: and

text: analysis

text: by

text: applying

text: concepts

text: of

text: infinitesimals

text: and

text: the

text: method

text: of

text: exhaustion

text: to

text: derive

text: and

text: rigorously

text: prove

text: range

text: of

text: geometrical

text: theorems

text: including

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: circle

text: the

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: volume

text: of

text: sphere

text: and

text: the

text: area

text: under

text: parabola

text: Euclid ("Eukleids" ; fl. 300 BCE), sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclides of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "father of geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323283 BCE). His "Elements" is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics (especially geometry) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century. In the "Elements", Euclid deduced the principles of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a small set of axioms. Euclid also wrote works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory and rigor.

text: Euclid

text: Eukleids

text: fl

text: BCE

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Euclid

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: to

text: distinguish

text: him

text: from

text: Euclides

text: of

text: Megara

text: was

text: Greek

text: mathematician

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: geometry

text: He

text: was

text: active

text: in

text: Alexandria

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Ptolemy

text: BCE

text: His

text: Elements

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: mathematics

text: serving

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: textbook

text: for

text: teaching

text: mathematics

text: especially

text: geometry

text: from

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: publication

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: or

text: early

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: Elements

text: Euclid

text: deduced

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: called

text: Euclidean

text: geometry

text: from

text: small

text: set

text: of

text: axioms

text: Euclid

text: also

text: wrote

text: works

text: on

text: perspective

text: conic

text: sections

text: spherical

text: geometry

text: number

text: theory

text: and

text: rigor

text: The Orontes () or Asi ("") is a northward flowing river starting in Lebanon and flowing through Syria and Turkey before entering the Mediterranean Sea.

text: The

text: Orontes

text: or

text: Asi

text: is

text: northward

text: flowing

text: river

text: starting

text: in

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: flowing

text: through

text: Syria

text: and

text: Turkey

text: before

text: entering

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text:
Mechanics (Greek ) is an area of science concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment.
The scientific discipline has its origins in Ancient Greece with the writings of Aristotle and Archimedes (see History of classical mechanics and Timeline of classical mechanics). During the early modern period, scientists such as Khayaam, Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, laid the foundation for what is now known as classical mechanics.
It is a branch of classical physics that deals with particles that are either at rest or are moving with velocities significantly less than the speed of light.
It can also be defined as a branch of science which deals with the motion of and forces on objects.

text: Mechanics

text: Greek

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: science

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: behaviour

text: of

text: physical

text: bodies

text: when

text: subjected

text: to

text: forces

text: or

text: displacements

text: and

text: the

text: subsequent

text: effects

text: of

text: the

text: bodies

text: on

text: their

text: environment

text: The

text: scientific

text: discipline

text: has

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: with

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: and

text: Archimedes

text: see

text: History

text: of

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: and

text: Timeline

text: of

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: During

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: period

text: scientists

text: such

text: as

text: Khayaam

text: Galileo

text: Kepler

text: and

text: Newton

text: laid

text: the

text: foundation

text: for

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: classical

text: mechanics

text: It

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: classical

text: physics

text: that

text: deals

text: with

text: particles

text: that

text: are

text: either

text: at

text: rest

text: or

text: are

text: moving

text: with

text: velocities

text: significantly

text: less

text: than

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: light

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: defined

text: as

text: branch

text: of

text: science

text: which

text: deals

text: with

text: the

text: motion

text: of

text: and

text: forces

text: on

text: objects

text: Damascius (458  after 538), known as "the last of the Neoplatonists," was the last scholarch of the School of Athens. He was one of the pagan philosophers persecuted by Justinian in the early 6th century, and was forced for a time to seek refuge in the Persian court, before being allowed back into the Empire. His surviving works consist of three commentaries on the works of Plato, and a metaphysical text entitled "Difficulties and Solutions of First Principles".

text: Damascius

text: after

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: Neoplatonists

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: scholarch

text: of

text: the

text: School

text: of

text: Athens

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: pagan

text: philosophers

text: persecuted

text: by

text: Justinian

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: and

text: was

text: forced

text: for

text: time

text: to

text: seek

text: refuge

text: in

text: the

text: Persian

text: court

text: before

text: being

text: allowed

text: back

text: into

text: the

text: Empire

text: His

text: surviving

text: works

text: consist

text: of

text: three

text: commentaries

text: on

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Plato

text: and

text: metaphysical

text: text

text: entitled

text: Difficulties

text: and

text: Solutions

text: of

text: First

text: Principles

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: country_of_citizenship carpus of antioch

answer: roman empire

text: roman empire


text: The 1958 FIFA World Cup, the sixth staging of the World Cup, was hosted by Sweden from 8 to 29 June. The tournament was won by Brazil, who beat Sweden 52 in the final for their first title. The tournament is also notable for marking the debut on the world stage of a then largely unknown 17-year-old Pelé.

text: The

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: the

text: sixth

text: staging

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: was

text: hosted

text: by

text: Sweden

text: from

text: to

text: June

text: The

text: tournament

text: was

text: won

text: by

text: Brazil

text: who

text: beat

text: Sweden

text: in

text: the

text: final

text: for

text: their

text: first

text: title

text: The

text: tournament

text: is

text: also

text: notable

text: for

text: marking

text: the

text: debut

text: on

text: the

text: world

text: stage

text: of

text: then

text: largely

text: unknown

text: old

text: Pelé

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text:
Edson Arantes do Nascimento (born 23 October 1940),
known as Pelé, is a retired Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He is widely regarded as the greatest player of all time. Pelé has also been known for connecting the phrase "The Beautiful Game" with football. In 1999, he was voted World Player of the Century by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS). That year, "France Football" asked their former Ballon d'Or winners to choose the Football Player of the Century; they selected Pelé. In 1999, Pelé was elected Athlete of the Century by the IOC. That year, "Time" named him in their list of . In 2013 he received the FIFA Ballon d'Or Prix d'Honneur in recognition of his career and achievements as a global icon of football.

text: Edson

text: Arantes

text: do

text: Nascimento

text: born

text: October

text: known

text: as

text: Pelé

text: is

text: retired

text: Brazilian

text: professional

text: footballer

text: who

text: played

text: as

text: forward

text: He

text: is

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: greatest

text: player

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Pelé

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: known

text: for

text: connecting

text: the

text: phrase

text: The

text: Beautiful

text: Game

text: with

text: football

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: voted

text: World

text: Player

text: of

text: the

text: Century

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Federation

text: of

text: Football

text: History

text: Statistics

text: IFFHS

text: That

text: year

text: France

text: Football

text: asked

text: their

text: former

text: Ballon

text: d'Or

text: winners

text: to

text: choose

text: the

text: Football

text: Player

text: of

text: the

text: Century

text: they

text: selected

text: Pelé

text: In

text: Pelé

text: was

text: elected

text: Athlete

text: of

text: the

text: Century

text: by

text: the

text: IOC

text: That

text: year

text: Time

text: named

text: him

text: in

text: their

text: list

text: of

text: In

text: he

text: received

text: the

text: FIFA

text: Ballon

text: d'Or

text: Prix

text: d'Honneur

text: in

text: recognition

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: and

text: achievements

text: as

text: global

text: icon

text: of

text: football

text: Alfortville is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.

text: Alfortville

text: is

text: commune

text: in

text: the

text: Val

text: de

text: Marne

text: department

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Paris

text: France

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: from

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Paris

text: Raymond Bellot ( born 6 September 1929 , in Alfortville ) is a former French footballer . He was part of the French squad which finished third at the 1958 FIFA World Cup , but he never won a cap for the France national football team .

text: Raymond

text: Bellot

text: born

text: September

text: in

text: Alfortville

text: is

text: former

text: French

text: footballer

text: He

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: squad

text: which

text: finished

text: third

text: at

text: the

text: FIFA

text: World

text: Cup

text: but

text: he

text: never

text: won

text: cap

text: for

text: the

text: France

text: national

text: football

text: team

text: Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France.

text: Paris

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: within

text: its

text: administrative

text: limits

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: both

text: commune

text: and

text: department

text: and

text: forms

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: or

text: Paris

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: comprising

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: France

question: position_played_on_team_/_speciality raymond bellot

answer: forward

text: forward