text: Neuquén is the capital city of the Argentine province of Neuquén, located in the east of the province, at the confluence of the Limay and Neuquén rivers. The city and the surrounding area have a population of more than 340,000, making it the largest city in Patagonia.

text: Neuquén

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Argentine

text: province

text: of

text: Neuquén

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Limay

text: and

text: Neuquén

text: rivers

text: The

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: surrounding

text: area

text: have

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Patagonia

text: The Colhuehuapian age is a period of geologic time (21.017.5 Ma) within the Miocene epoch of the Neogene used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Deseadan and precedes the Santacrucian age.

text: The

text: Colhuehuapian

text: age

text: is

text: period

text: of

text: geologic

text: time

text: Ma

text: within

text: the

text: Miocene

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: used

text: more

text: specifically

text: with

text: South

text: American

text: Land

text: Mammal

text: Ages

text: It

text: follows

text: the

text: Deseadan

text: and

text: precedes

text: the

text: Santacrucian

text: age

text: The Neogene is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. The Neogene is sub-divided into two epochs, the earlier Miocene and the later Pliocene. Some geologists assert that the Neogene cannot be clearly delineated from the modern geological period, the Quaternary.

text: The

text: Neogene

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: Quaternary

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: Neogene

text: is

text: sub

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: epochs

text: the

text: earlier

text: Miocene

text: and

text: the

text: later

text: Pliocene

text: Some

text: geologists

text: assert

text: that

text: the

text: Neogene

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: clearly

text: delineated

text: from

text: the

text: modern

text: geological

text: period

text: the

text: Quaternary

text: Macrauchenia (name meaning "long llama", based on the now superseded Latin term for llamas, "Auchenia", from Greek terms which literally mean "big neck") was a long-necked and long-limbed, three-toed South American ungulate mammal, typifying the order Litopterna. The oldest fossils date back to around 7 million years ago, and "M. patachonica" disappears from the fossil record during the late Pleistocene, around 20,000-10,000 years ago. "M. patachonica" was the best known member of the family Macraucheniidae, and is known only from fossil finds in South America, primarily from the Lujan Formation in Argentina. The original specimen was discovered by Charles Darwin during the voyage of the "Beagle". In life, "Macrauchenia" resembled a humpless camel with a short trunk, though it is not closely related to either camels or proboscideans.

text: Macrauchenia

text: name

text: meaning

text: long

text: llama

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: now

text: superseded

text: Latin

text: term

text: for

text: llamas

text: Auchenia

text: from

text: Greek

text: terms

text: which

text: literally

text: mean

text: big

text: neck

text: was

text: long

text: necked

text: and

text: long

text: limbed

text: three

text: toed

text: South

text: American

text: ungulate

text: mammal

text: typifying

text: the

text: order

text: Litopterna

text: The

text: oldest

text: fossils

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: patachonica

text: disappears

text: from

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: Pleistocene

text: around

text: years

text: ago

text: patachonica

text: was

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Macraucheniidae

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: only

text: from

text: fossil

text: finds

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: primarily

text: from

text: the

text: Lujan

text: Formation

text: in

text: Argentina

text: The

text: original

text: specimen

text: was

text: discovered

text: by

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: during

text: the

text: voyage

text: of

text: the

text: Beagle

text: In

text: life

text: Macrauchenia

text: resembled

text: humpless

text: camel

text: with

text: short

text: trunk

text: though

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: either

text: camels

text: or

text: proboscideans

text: Southern Cone is a geographic region composed of the southernmost areas of South America, south of and around the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and south to the junction between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which is the closest continental area of Antarctica (1000 km). In terms of social and political geography, the Southern Cone comprises Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Southern Brazil and sometimes Paraguay.

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: is

text: geographic

text: region

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: southernmost

text: areas

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: south

text: of

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: Tropic

text: of

text: Capricorn

text: Traditionally

text: it

text: covers

text: Argentina

text: Chile

text: and

text: Uruguay

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: south

text: to

text: the

text: junction

text: between

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Atlantic

text: Oceans

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: closest

text: continental

text: area

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: km

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: geography

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: comprises

text: Argentina

text: Chile

text: Uruguay

text: Southern

text: Brazil

text: and

text: sometimes

text: Paraguay

text: The Chubut River is located in the Patagonia region of southern Argentina. Its name comes from the Tehuelche word "chupat", which means "transparent". The Argentine Chubut Province, through which the river flows, is named after it. Welsh settlers called the river "Afon Camwy," meaning "twisting river" in English.

text: The

text: Chubut

text: River

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Patagonia

text: region

text: of

text: southern

text: Argentina

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Tehuelche

text: word

text: chupat

text: which

text: means

text: transparent

text: The

text: Argentine

text: Chubut

text: Province

text: through

text: which

text: the

text: river

text: flows

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: it

text: Welsh

text: settlers

text: called

text: the

text: river

text: Afon

text: Camwy

text: meaning

text: twisting

text: river

text: in

text: English

text: The Andes or Andean Mountains are the longest continental mountain range in the world. They are a continuous range of highlands along the western edge of South America. This range is about long, about wide (widest between 18° south and 20° south latitude), and of an average height of about . The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.

text: The

text: Andes

text: or

text: Andean

text: Mountains

text: are

text: the

text: longest

text: continental

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: They

text: are

text: continuous

text: range

text: of

text: highlands

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: This

text: range

text: is

text: about

text: long

text: about

text: wide

text: widest

text: between

text: south

text: and

text: south

text: latitude

text: and

text: of

text: an

text: average

text: height

text: of

text: about

text: The

text: Andes

text: extend

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: through

text: seven

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: Venezuela

text: Colombia

text: Ecuador

text: Peru

text: Bolivia

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Chile

text: Chubut is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west, and the Atlantic ocean to the east. The province's name derives from the Tehuelche word "chupat", meaning "transparent," their description of the Chubut River.

text: Chubut

text: is

text: province

text: in

text: southern

text: Argentina

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: parallel

text: south

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Río

text: Negro

text: Province

text: the

text: parallel

text: south

text: bordering

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: Province

text: the

text: Andes

text: range

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: province

text: 's

text: name

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Tehuelche

text: word

text: chupat

text: meaning

text: transparent

text: their

text: description

text: of

text: the

text: Chubut

text: River

text: Patagonia is a sparsely populated region located at the southern end of South America, shared by Argentina and Chile. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains as well as the deserts, steppes and grasslands east of this southern portion of the Andes. Patagonia has two coasts; a western one towards the Pacific Ocean and an eastern one towards the Atlantic Ocean.

text: Patagonia

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: region

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: shared

text: by

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Chile

text: The

text: region

text: comprises

text: the

text: southern

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: mountains

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: deserts

text: steppes

text: and

text: grasslands

text: east

text: of

text: this

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: Patagonia

text: has

text: two

text: coasts

text: western

text: one

text: towards

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: an

text: eastern

text: one

text: towards

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Macraucheniidae is a family in the Litopterna order of extinct South American ungulates, an animal with similarities to the camel and rhinoceros. The reduced nasal bones of their skulls suggest that they may have had a small proboscis, or trunk. Their hooves were similar to those of rhinoceroses today, with a simple ankle joint and three digits on each foot. Thus, they may have been capable of rapid directional change when running away from predators, such as large Phorusrhacid terror birds, sparassodont marsupials, and "Smilodon" saber-toothed cats. Macraucheniids probably lived in large herds to gain protection against these predators, as well as to facilitate finding mates for reproduction.

text: Macraucheniidae

text: is

text: family

text: in

text: the

text: Litopterna

text: order

text: of

text: extinct

text: South

text: American

text: ungulates

text: an

text: animal

text: with

text: similarities

text: to

text: the

text: camel

text: and

text: rhinoceros

text: The

text: reduced

text: nasal

text: bones

text: of

text: their

text: skulls

text: suggest

text: that

text: they

text: may

text: have

text: had

text: small

text: proboscis

text: or

text: trunk

text: Their

text: hooves

text: were

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: rhinoceroses

text: today

text: with

text: simple

text: ankle

text: joint

text: and

text: three

text: digits

text: on

text: each

text: foot

text: Thus

text: they

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: capable

text: of

text: rapid

text: directional

text: change

text: when

text: running

text: away

text: from

text: predators

text: such

text: as

text: large

text: Phorusrhacid

text: terror

text: birds

text: sparassodont

text: marsupials

text: and

text: Smilodon

text: saber

text: toothed

text: cats

text: Macraucheniids

text: probably

text: lived

text: in

text: large

text: herds

text: to

text: gain

text: protection

text: against

text: these

text: predators

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: to

text: facilitate

text: finding

text: mates

text: for

text: reproduction

text: Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Río de la Plata (River of Silver) to the south and with the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.42 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America, only larger in size than Suriname.

text: Uruguay

text: officially

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Republic

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: borders

text: Argentina

text: to

text: its

text: west

text: and

text: Brazil

text: to

text: its

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Río

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

text: River

text: of

text: Silver

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: of

text: whom

text: million

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Montevideo

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: second

text: smallest

text: nation

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: only

text: larger

text: in

text: size

text: than

text: Suriname

text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text:
"Salma" or () is a feminine first name that means "peace" in Arabic. It is also a Persian name () meaning "sweetheart".
People.
By surname or second name (where known), including bint- or Umm-:

text: Salma

text: or

text: is

text: feminine

text: first

text: name

text: that

text: means

text: peace

text: in

text: Arabic

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: Persian

text: name

text: meaning

text: sweetheart

text: People

text: By

text: surname

text: or

text: second

text: name

text: where

text: known

text: including

text: bint-

text: or

text: Umm-

text: Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in central South America, bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the country from north to south. Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as "Corazón de Sudamérica" ("Heart of South America"). Paraguay is one of the two landlocked countries (the other is Bolivia) that lie outside Afro-Eurasia. Paraguay is the smallest landlocked country in the Americas.

text: Paraguay

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Paraguay

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: central

text: South

text: America

text: bordered

text: by

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southwest

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: and

text: Bolivia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Paraguay

text: lies

text: on

text: both

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Paraguay

text: River

text: which

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: central

text: location

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Corazón

text: de

text: Sudamérica

text: Heart

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Paraguay

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: landlocked

text: countries

text: the

text: other

text: is

text: Bolivia

text: that

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: Paraguay

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Bolivia (; ), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil, to the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the northwest by Peru. One-third of the country is the Andean mountain range, with one of its largest cities and principal economic centers, El Alto, located on the Altiplano. Bolivia is one of two landlocked countries (the other is Paraguay) that lie outside Afro-Eurasia. Bolivia is the largest landlocked country in the Americas.

text: Bolivia

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Plurinational

text: State

text: of

text: Bolivia

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: western

text: central

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Paraguay

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: Chile

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Peru

text: One

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: the

text: Andean

text: mountain

text: range

text: with

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: largest

text: cities

text: and

text: principal

text: economic

text: centers

text: El

text: Alto

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Altiplano

text: Bolivia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: landlocked

text: countries

text: the

text: other

text: is

text: Paraguay

text: that

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: Bolivia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Ungulates (pronounced ) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami. Most terrestrial ungulates use the tips of their toes, usually hoofed, to sustain their whole body weight while moving. The term means, roughly, "being hoofed" or "hoofed animal". As a descriptive term, "ungulate" normally excludes cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises), as they do not possess most of the typical morphological characteristics of ungulates, but recent discoveries indicate that they are descended from early artiodactyls. Ungulates are typically herbivorous (though some species are omnivorous, such as pigs), and many employ specialized gut bacteria to allow them to digest cellulose, as in the case of ruminants. They inhabit a wide range of habitats, from jungles, plains and rivers.

text: Ungulates

text: pronounced

text: are

text: any

text: members

text: of

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: primarily

text: large

text: mammals

text: that

text: includes

text: odd

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: such

text: as

text: horses

text: and

text: rhinoceroses

text: and

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulates

text: such

text: as

text: cattle

text: pigs

text: giraffes

text: camels

text: deer

text: and

text: hippopotami

text: Most

text: terrestrial

text: ungulates

text: use

text: the

text: tips

text: of

text: their

text: toes

text: usually

text: hoofed

text: to

text: sustain

text: their

text: whole

text: body

text: weight

text: while

text: moving

text: The

text: term

text: means

text: roughly

text: being

text: hoofed

text: or

text: hoofed

text: animal

text: As

text: descriptive

text: term

text: ungulate

text: normally

text: excludes

text: cetaceans

text: whales

text: dolphins

text: porpoises

text: as

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: possess

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: typical

text: morphological

text: characteristics

text: of

text: ungulates

text: but

text: recent

text: discoveries

text: indicate

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: descended

text: from

text: early

text: artiodactyls

text: Ungulates

text: are

text: typically

text: herbivorous

text: though

text: some

text: species

text: are

text: omnivorous

text: such

text: as

text: pigs

text: and

text: many

text: employ

text: specialized

text: gut

text: bacteria

text: to

text: allow

text: them

text: to

text: digest

text: cellulose

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: ruminants

text: They

text: inhabit

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: habitats

text: from

text: jungles

text: plains

text: and

text: rivers

text: Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the South American continent's southeastern coast. "Buenos aires" can be translated as "fair winds" or "good airs", but the first one was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century, by the use of the original name "Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre". The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of around 17 million.

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Argentina

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: estuary

text: of

text: the

text: Río

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: 's

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: Buenos

text: aires

text: can

text: be

text: translated

text: as

text: fair

text: winds

text: or

text: good

text: airs

text: but

text: the

text: first

text: one

text: was

text: the

text: meaning

text: intended

text: by

text: the

text: founders

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: name

text: Real

text: de

text: Nuestra

text: Señora

text: Santa

text: María

text: del

text: Buen

text: Ayre

text: The

text: Greater

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: conurbation

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: several

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Province

text: districts

text: constitutes

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: The Paleogene (or ; also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Mya. It is the beginning of the Cenozoic Era of the present Phanerozoic Eon. The Paleogene is most notable for being the time during which mammals diversified from relatively small, simple forms into a large group of diverse animals in the wake of the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event that ended the preceding Cretaceous Period.

text: The

text: Paleogene

text: or

text: also

text: spelled

text: Palaeogene

text: or

text: Palæogene

text: informally

text: Lower

text: Tertiary

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: that

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: Mya

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: Era

text: of

text: the

text: present

text: Phanerozoic

text: Eon

text: The

text: Paleogene

text: is

text: most

text: notable

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: time

text: during

text: which

text: mammals

text: diversified

text: from

text: relatively

text: small

text: simple

text: forms

text: into

text: large

text: group

text: of

text: diverse

text: animals

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: the

text: CretaceousPaleogene

text: extinction

text: event

text: that

text: ended

text: the

text: preceding

text: Cretaceous

text: Period

text:
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a federal republic in the southern half of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of , Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into twenty-three provinces (singular "provincia") and one autonomous city ("ciudad autónoma"), Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress.
The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system.

text: Argentina

text: officially

text: the

text: Argentine

text: Republic

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Sharing

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: with

text: its

text: neighbor

text: Chile

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: also

text: bordered

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Paraguay

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Uruguay

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Drake

text: Passage

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: With

text: mainland

text: area

text: of

text: Argentina

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: one

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: twenty

text: three

text: provinces

text: singular

text: provincia

text: and

text: one

text: autonomous

text: city

text: ciudad

text: autónoma

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: federal

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: as

text: decided

text: by

text: Congress

text: The

text: provinces

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: constitutions

text: but

text: exist

text: under

text: federal

text: system

text: The llama (Lama glama) is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the Pre-Columbian era.

text: The

text: llama

text: Lama

text: glama

text: is

text: domesticated

text: South

text: American

text: camelid

text: widely

text: used

text: as

text: meat

text: and

text: pack

text: animal

text: by

text: Andean

text: cultures

text: since

text: the

text: Pre

text: Columbian

text: era

text: The Proboscidea (from the Greek and the Latin "proboscis") are a taxonomic order of afrotherian mammals containing one living family, Elephantidae, and several extinct families. This order, first described by J. Illiger in 1811, encompasses the trunked mammals. Later proboscideans are distinguished by tusks and long, muscular trunks; these features are less developed or absent in early proboscideans. Proboscidea may have produced the largest land mammal of all time in the form of "Palaeoloxodon namadicus", which may have weighed up to , with a shoulder height of up to , surpassing several sauropod dinosaurs.

text: The

text: Proboscidea

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: and

text: the

text: Latin

text: proboscis

text: are

text: taxonomic

text: order

text: of

text: afrotherian

text: mammals

text: containing

text: one

text: living

text: family

text: Elephantidae

text: and

text: several

text: extinct

text: families

text: This

text: order

text: first

text: described

text: by

text: Illiger

text: in

text: encompasses

text: the

text: trunked

text: mammals

text: Later

text: proboscideans

text: are

text: distinguished

text: by

text: tusks

text: and

text: long

text: muscular

text: trunks

text: these

text: features

text: are

text: less

text: developed

text: or

text: absent

text: in

text: early

text: proboscideans

text: Proboscidea

text: may

text: have

text: produced

text: the

text: largest

text: land

text: mammal

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: Palaeoloxodon

text: namadicus

text: which

text: may

text: have

text: weighed

text: up

text: to

text: with

text: shoulder

text: height

text: of

text: up

text: to

text: surpassing

text: several

text: sauropod

text: dinosaurs

text: Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

text: Chile

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Chile

text: is

text: South

text: American

text: country

text: occupying

text: long

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: between

text: the

text: Andes

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: It

text: borders

text: Peru

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Bolivia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Drake

text: Passage

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: Chilean

text: territory

text: includes

text: the

text: Pacific

text: islands

text: of

text: Juan

text: Fernández

text: Salas

text: Gómez

text: Desventuradas

text: and

text: Easter

text: Island

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Chile

text: also

text: claims

text: about

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: although

text: all

text: claims

text: are

text: suspended

text: under

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands. The sister group of mammals may be the extinct "Haldanodon." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida, which together with the Sauropsida form the Amniota clade. The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria.

text: Mammals

text: are

text: any

text: vertebrates

text: within

text: the

text: class

text: Mammalia

text: from

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: breast

text: clade

text: of

text: endothermic

text: amniotes

text: distinguished

text: from

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: by

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: neocortex

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: hair

text: three

text: middle

text: ear

text: bones

text: and

text: mammary

text: glands

text: The

text: sister

text: group

text: of

text: mammals

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: extinct

text: Haldanodon

text: The

text: mammals

text: represent

text: the

text: only

text: living

text: Synapsida

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Sauropsida

text: form

text: the

text: Amniota

text: clade

text: The

text: mammals

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Yinotheria

text: including

text: monotrema

text: and

text: the

text: Theriiformes

text: including

text: the

text: theria

text: The Tinguirirican age is a period of geologic time (36.029.0 Ma) within the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Divisaderan and precedes the Deseadan age.

text: The

text: Tinguirirican

text: age

text: is

text: period

text: of

text: geologic

text: time

text: Ma

text: within

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: used

text: more

text: specifically

text: with

text: South

text: American

text: Land

text: Mammal

text: Ages

text: It

text: follows

text: the

text: Divisaderan

text: and

text: precedes

text: the

text: Deseadan

text: age

text: Cramauchenia is an extinct genus member of the litoptern order of South American mammals . Cramauchenia was named by Florentino Ameghino . The name has no literal translation . Instead , it is an anagram of the name of a related genus Macrauchenia . This genus was initially discovered in the Sarmiento Formation in the Chubut Province , in Argentina , and later it was found in the Chichinales Formation in the Río Negro Province and the Cerro Bandera Formation in Neuquén , also in Argentina , in sediments assigned to the SALMA Colhuehuapian ( in the Early Miocene ) . In 1981 Soria make to C. insolita a junior synonym of C. normalis . A specimen of C. normalis was described in 2010 from Cabeza Blanca ( Chubut , Argentina ) in the Sarmiento Formation , in sediments assigned to the Deseadan SALMA ( Upper Oligocene ) .

text: Cramauchenia

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: genus

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: litoptern

text: order

text: of

text: South

text: American

text: mammals

text: Cramauchenia

text: was

text: named

text: by

text: Florentino

text: Ameghino

text: The

text: name

text: has

text: no

text: literal

text: translation

text: Instead

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: anagram

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: related

text: genus

text: Macrauchenia

text: This

text: genus

text: was

text: initially

text: discovered

text: in

text: the

text: Sarmiento

text: Formation

text: in

text: the

text: Chubut

text: Province

text: in

text: Argentina

text: and

text: later

text: it

text: was

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Chichinales

text: Formation

text: in

text: the

text: Río

text: Negro

text: Province

text: and

text: the

text: Cerro

text: Bandera

text: Formation

text: in

text: Neuquén

text: also

text: in

text: Argentina

text: in

text: sediments

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: SALMA

text: Colhuehuapian

text: in

text: the

text: Early

text: Miocene

text: In

text: Soria

text: make

text: to

text: insolita

text: junior

text: synonym

text: of

text: normalis

text: specimen

text: of

text: normalis

text: was

text: described

text: in

text: from

text: Cabeza

text: Blanca

text: Chubut

text: Argentina

text: in

text: the

text: Sarmiento

text: Formation

text: in

text: sediments

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: Deseadan

text: SALMA

text: Upper

text: Oligocene

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: The Pampas (from Quechua "pampa," meaning "plain") are fertile South American lowlands, covering more than , that include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Córdoba; most of Uruguay; and the southernmost Brazilian State, Rio Grande do Sul. These vast plains are a natural region only interrupted by the low Ventana and Tandil hills near Bahía Blanca and Tandil (Argentina), with a height of and , respectively.

text: The

text: Pampas

text: from

text: Quechua

text: pampa

text: meaning

text: plain

text: are

text: fertile

text: South

text: American

text: lowlands

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: that

text: include

text: the

text: Argentine

text: provinces

text: of

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: La

text: Pampa

text: Santa

text: Fe

text: Entre

text: Ríos

text: and

text: Córdoba

text: most

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: and

text: the

text: southernmost

text: Brazilian

text: State

text: Rio

text: Grande

text: do

text: Sul

text: These

text: vast

text: plains

text: are

text: natural

text: region

text: only

text: interrupted

text: by

text: the

text: low

text: Ventana

text: and

text: Tandil

text: hills

text: near

text: Bahía

text: Blanca

text: and

text: Tandil

text: Argentina

text: with

text: height

text: of

text: and

text: respectively

text: Litopterna (from "smooth heel") is an extinct order of fossil hoofed mammals (ungulates) from the Cenozoic period that displayed toe reduction  three-toed forms developed; there was even a one-toed horselike form.

text: Litopterna

text: from

text: smooth

text: heel

text: is

text: an

text: extinct

text: order

text: of

text: fossil

text: hoofed

text: mammals

text: ungulates

text: from

text: the

text: Cenozoic

text: period

text: that

text: displayed

text: toe

text: reduction

text: three

text: toed

text: forms

text: developed

text: there

text: was

text: even

text: one

text: toed

text: horselike

text: form

text: Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.

text: Brazil

text: officially

text: the

text: Federative

text: Republic

text: of

text: Brazil

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: both

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: As

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fifth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: Portuguese

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: Brazil

text: has

text: coastline

text: of

text: It

text: borders

text: all

text: other

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: except

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Chile

text: and

text: covers

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: land

text: area

text: Its

text: Amazon

text: River

text: basin

text: includes

text: vast

text: tropical

text: forest

text: home

text: to

text: diverse

text: wildlife

text: variety

text: of

text: ecological

text: systems

text: and

text: extensive

text: natural

text: resources

text: spanning

text: numerous

text: protected

text: habitats

text: This

text: unique

text: environmental

text: heritage

text: makes

text: Brazil

text: one

text: of

text: megadiverse

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: significant

text: global

text: interest

text: and

text: debate

text: regarding

text: deforestation

text: and

text: environmental

text: protection

text: Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.

text: Binomial

text: nomenclature

text: also

text: called

text: binominal

text: nomenclature

text: or

text: binary

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: things

text: by

text: giving

text: each

text: name

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: use

text: Latin

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: Such

text: name

text: is

text: called

text: binomial

text: name

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: binomial

text: binomen

text: or

text: scientific

text: name

text: more

text: informally

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Latin

text: name

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: identifies

text: the

text: genus

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: species

text: belongs

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: identifies

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: example

text: humans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Homo

text: and

text: within

text: this

text: genus

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: The

text: formal

text: introduction

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: effectively

text: beginning

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: But

text: Gaspard

text: Bauhin

text: in

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: had

text: introduced

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Pinax

text: theatri

text: botanici

text: English

text: Illustrated

text: exposition

text: of

text: plants

text: many

text: names

text: of

text: genera

text: that

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: Río Negro ("Black River") is a province of Argentina, located at the northern edge of Patagonia. Neighboring provinces are from the south clockwise Chubut, Neuquén, Mendoza, La Pampa and Buenos Aires. To the east lies the Atlantic Ocean.

text: Río

text: Negro

text: Black

text: River

text: is

text: province

text: of

text: Argentina

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: northern

text: edge

text: of

text: Patagonia

text: Neighboring

text: provinces

text: are

text: from

text: the

text: south

text: clockwise

text: Chubut

text: Neuquén

text: Mendoza

text: La

text: Pampa

text: and

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: lies

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: A camel is an even-toed ungulate within the genus Camelus, bearing distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back. The three surviving species of camel are the dromedary, or one-humped camel ("C. dromedarius"), which inhabits the Middle East and the Horn of Africa; the Bactrian, or two-humped camel ("C. bactrianus"), which inhabits Central Asia; and the critically endangered wild Bactrian camel ("C. ferus") that has limited populations in remote areas of northwest China and Mongolia. Bactrian camels take their name from the historical Bactria region of Central Asia (Yam & Khomeiri, 2015). Both the dromedary and the Bactrian camels have been domesticated; they provide milk, meat, hair for textiles or goods such as felted pouches, and are working animals with tasks ranging from human transport to bearing loads.

text: camel

text: is

text: an

text: even

text: toed

text: ungulate

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: Camelus

text: bearing

text: distinctive

text: fatty

text: deposits

text: known

text: as

text: humps

text: on

text: its

text: back

text: The

text: three

text: surviving

text: species

text: of

text: camel

text: are

text: the

text: dromedary

text: or

text: one

text: humped

text: camel

text: dromedarius

text: which

text: inhabits

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: the

text: Bactrian

text: or

text: two

text: humped

text: camel

text: bactrianus

text: which

text: inhabits

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: critically

text: endangered

text: wild

text: Bactrian

text: camel

text: ferus

text: that

text: has

text: limited

text: populations

text: in

text: remote

text: areas

text: of

text: northwest

text: China

text: and

text: Mongolia

text: Bactrian

text: camels

text: take

text: their

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: historical

text: Bactria

text: region

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: Yam

text: Khomeiri

text: Both

text: the

text: dromedary

text: and

text: the

text: Bactrian

text: camels

text: have

text: been

text: domesticated

text: they

text: provide

text: milk

text: meat

text: hair

text: for

text: textiles

text: or

text: goods

text: such

text: as

text: felted

text: pouches

text: and

text: are

text: working

text: animals

text: with

text: tasks

text: ranging

text: from

text: human

text: transport

text: to

text: bearing

text: loads

text: Florentino Ameghino (September 18, 1854  August 6, 1911) was an Argentine naturalist, paleontologist, anthropologist and zoologist, whose fossil discoveries on the Argentine Pampas, especially on Patagonia, rank with those made in the western United States during the late 19th century. Along with his two brothers Carlos and Juan Florentino Ameghino was one of the most important founding figures in South American paleontology.

text: Florentino

text: Ameghino

text: September

text: August

text: was

text: an

text: Argentine

text: naturalist

text: paleontologist

text: anthropologist

text: and

text: zoologist

text: whose

text: fossil

text: discoveries

text: on

text: the

text: Argentine

text: Pampas

text: especially

text: on

text: Patagonia

text: rank

text: with

text: those

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: Along

text: with

text: his

text: two

text: brothers

text: Carlos

text: and

text: Juan

text: Florentino

text: Ameghino

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: founding

text: figures

text: in

text: South

text: American

text: paleontology

text: The Deseadan age is a period of geologic time (29.021.0 Ma) within the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Tinguirirican and precedes the Colhuehuapian age.

text: The

text: Deseadan

text: age

text: is

text: period

text: of

text: geologic

text: time

text: Ma

text: within

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Paleogene

text: used

text: more

text: specifically

text: with

text: South

text: American

text: Land

text: Mammal

text: Ages

text: It

text: follows

text: the

text: Tinguirirican

text: and

text: precedes

text: the

text: Colhuehuapian

text: age

text: The Santacrucian age is a period of geologic time (17.516.3 Ma) within the Miocene epoch of the Neogene used more specifically with South American Land Mammal Ages. It follows the Colhuehuapian and precedes the Friasian age.

text: The

text: Santacrucian

text: age

text: is

text: period

text: of

text: geologic

text: time

text: Ma

text: within

text: the

text: Miocene

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: used

text: more

text: specifically

text: with

text: South

text: American

text: Land

text: Mammal

text: Ages

text: It

text: follows

text: the

text: Colhuehuapian

text: and

text: precedes

text: the

text: Friasian

text: age

text: The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Sir Charles Lyell. Its name comes from the Greek words (', less) and (', new) and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern sea invertebrates than the Pliocene. The Miocene follows the Oligocene Epoch and is followed by the Pliocene Epoch.

text: The

text: Miocene

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: geological

text: epoch

text: of

text: the

text: Neogene

text: Period

text: and

text: extends

text: from

text: about

text: Ma

text: The

text: Miocene

text: was

text: named

text: by

text: Sir

text: Charles

text: Lyell

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: words

text: less

text: and

text: new

text: and

text: means

text: less

text: recent

text: because

text: it

text: has

text: fewer

text: modern

text: sea

text: invertebrates

text: than

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: The

text: Miocene

text: follows

text: the

text: Oligocene

text: Epoch

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: Pliocene

text: Epoch

question: parent_taxon cramauchenia

answer: macraucheniidae

text: macraucheniidae

text: macraucheniidae


text: The New World rats and mice are a group of related rodents found in North and South America. They are extremely diverse in appearance and ecology, ranging in from the tiny "Baiomys" to the large "Kunsia". They represent one of the few examples of muroid rodents (along with the voles) in North America, and the only example of muroid rodents to have made it into South America.

text: The

text: New

text: World

text: rats

text: and

text: mice

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: related

text: rodents

text: found

text: in

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: They

text: are

text: extremely

text: diverse

text: in

text: appearance

text: and

text: ecology

text: ranging

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: tiny

text: Baiomys

text: to

text: the

text: large

text: Kunsia

text: They

text: represent

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: few

text: examples

text: of

text: muroid

text: rodents

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: voles

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: example

text: of

text: muroid

text: rodents

text: to

text: have

text: made

text: it

text: into

text: South

text: America

text: Rodents (from Latin "rodere", "to gnaw") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents; they are found in vast numbers on all continents except Antarctica. They are the most diversified mammalian order and live in a variety of terrestrial habitats, including human-made environments.

text: Rodents

text: from

text: Latin

text: rodere

text: to

text: gnaw

text: are

text: mammals

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Rodentia

text: which

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: single

text: pair

text: of

text: continuously

text: growing

text: incisors

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: and

text: lower

text: jaws

text: About

text: of

text: all

text: mammal

text: species

text: are

text: rodents

text: they

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: vast

text: numbers

text: on

text: all

text: continents

text: except

text: Antarctica

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: diversified

text: mammalian

text: order

text: and

text: live

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: terrestrial

text: habitats

text: including

text: human

text: made

text: environments

text: Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a federal republic located on the northern coast of South America. It is bordered by Colombia on the west, Brazil on the south, Guyana on the east, and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east. Venezuela's territory covers around with an estimated population . Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity (currently ranks 7th in the world's list of nations with the most number of species), with habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rain-forest in the south, via extensive "llanos" plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east.

text: Venezuela

text: officially

text: the

text: Bolivarian

text: Republic

text: of

text: Venezuela

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Colombia

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: Brazil

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: Guyana

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Tobago

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Venezuela

text: 's

text: territory

text: covers

text: around

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: Venezuela

text: is

text: considered

text: state

text: with

text: extremely

text: high

text: biodiversity

text: currently

text: ranks

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: list

text: of

text: nations

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: with

text: habitats

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: Andes

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: Amazon

text: Basin

text: rain

text: forest

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: via

text: extensive

text: llanos

text: plains

text: and

text: Caribbean

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: and

text: the

text: Orinoco

text: River

text: Delta

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Oryzomyini, or rice rat, is a tribe of rodents in the subfamily Sigmodontinae of family Cricetidae. It includes about 120 species in about thirty genera, distributed from the eastern United States to the southernmost parts of South America, including many offshore islands. It is part of the clade Oryzomyalia, which includes most of the South American Sigmodontinae.

text: Oryzomyini

text: or

text: rice

text: rat

text: is

text: tribe

text: of

text: rodents

text: in

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Sigmodontinae

text: of

text: family

text: Cricetidae

text: It

text: includes

text: about

text: species

text: in

text: about

text: thirty

text: genera

text: distributed

text: from

text: the

text: eastern

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: southernmost

text: parts

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: including

text: many

text: offshore

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: clade

text: Oryzomyalia

text: which

text: includes

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: Sigmodontinae

text: Hamsters are rodents belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae. The subfamily contains about 25 species, classified in six or seven genera. They have become established as popular small house pets, and partly because they are easy to breed in captivity, hamsters are often used as laboratory animals.

text: Hamsters

text: are

text: rodents

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Cricetinae

text: The

text: subfamily

text: contains

text: about

text: species

text: classified

text: in

text: six

text: or

text: seven

text: genera

text: They

text: have

text: become

text: established

text: as

text: popular

text: small

text: house

text: pets

text: and

text: partly

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: easy

text: to

text: breed

text: in

text: captivity

text: hamsters

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: as

text: laboratory

text: animals

text: Scolomys is a genus of rodent in the tribe Oryzomyini of the family Cricetidae. Some evidence suggests that it is related to "Zygodontomys". It is characterized, among other traits, by spiny fur. It contains two species, "S. melanops" and "S. ucayalensis".

text: Scolomys

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: rodent

text: in

text: the

text: tribe

text: Oryzomyini

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Cricetidae

text: Some

text: evidence

text: suggests

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: Zygodontomys

text: It

text: is

text: characterized

text: among

text: other

text: traits

text: by

text: spiny

text: fur

text: It

text: contains

text: two

text: species

text: melanops

text: and

text: ucayalensis

text: A vole is a small rodent; a relative of the mouse, with a stouter body, a shorter, hairy tail, a slightly rounder head, smaller ears and eyes, and differently formed molars (high-crowned and with angular cusps instead of low-crowned and with rounded cusps). There are approximately 155 species of voles. They are sometimes known as meadow mice or field mice in North America and Australia. Vole species form the subfamily Arvicolinae with the lemmings and the muskrats.

text: vole

text: is

text: small

text: rodent

text: relative

text: of

text: the

text: mouse

text: with

text: stouter

text: body

text: shorter

text: hairy

text: tail

text: slightly

text: rounder

text: head

text: smaller

text: ears

text: and

text: eyes

text: and

text: differently

text: formed

text: molars

text: high

text: crowned

text: and

text: with

text: angular

text: cusps

text: instead

text: of

text: low

text: crowned

text: and

text: with

text: rounded

text: cusps

text: There

text: are

text: approximately

text: species

text: of

text: voles

text: They

text: are

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: meadow

text: mice

text: or

text: field

text: mice

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Australia

text: Vole

text: species

text: form

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Arvicolinae

text: with

text: the

text: lemmings

text: and

text: the

text: muskrats

text: Mammals

text: are

text: any

text: vertebrates

text: within

text: the

text: class

text: Mammalia

text: from

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: breast

text: clade

text: of

text: endothermic

text: amniotes

text: distinguished

text: from

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: by

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: neocortex

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: hair

text: three

text: middle

text: ear

text: bones

text: and

text: mammary

text: glands

text: The

text: sister

text: group

text: of

text: mammals

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: extinct

text: Haldanodon

text: The

text: mammals

text: represent

text: the

text: only

text: living

text: Synapsida

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Sauropsida

text: form

text: the

text: Amniota

text: clade

text: The

text: mammals

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Yinotheria

text: including

text: monotrema

text: and

text: the

text: Theriiformes

text: including

text: the

text: theria

text: Brazil

text: officially

text: the

text: Federative

text: Republic

text: of

text: Brazil

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: both

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: As

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fifth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: Portuguese

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: Brazil

text: has

text: coastline

text: of

text: It

text: borders

text: all

text: other

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: except

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Chile

text: and

text: covers

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: land

text: area

text: Its

text: Amazon

text: River

text: basin

text: includes

text: vast

text: tropical

text: forest

text: home

text: to

text: diverse

text: wildlife

text: variety

text: of

text: ecological

text: systems

text: and

text: extensive

text: natural

text: resources

text: spanning

text: numerous

text: protected

text: habitats

text: This

text: unique

text: environmental

text: heritage

text: makes

text: Brazil

text: one

text: of

text: megadiverse

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: significant

text: global

text: interest

text: and

text: debate

text: regarding

text: deforestation

text: and

text: environmental

text: protection

text: Central America is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. Central America is bordered by Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Central America consists of seven countries: Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. The combined population of Central America is between 41,739,000 (2009 estimate) and 42,688,190 (2012 estimate).

text: Central

text: America

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: isthmian

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: which

text: connects

text: with

text: South

text: America

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: Central

text: America

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Colombia

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Central

text: America

text: consists

text: of

text: seven

text: countries

text: Belize

text: Guatemala

text: El

text: Salvador

text: Honduras

text: Nicaragua

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: and

text: Panama

text: The

text: combined

text: population

text: of

text: Central

text: America

text: is

text: between

text: estimate

text: and

text: estimate

text: A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water.

text: continent

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: very

text: large

text: landmasses

text: on

text: Earth

text: Generally

text: identified

text: by

text: convention

text: rather

text: than

text: any

text: strict

text: criteria

text: up

text: to

text: seven

text: regions

text: are

text: commonly

text: regarded

text: as

text: continents

text: Ordered

text: from

text: largest

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: smallest

text: they

text: are

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: North

text: America

text: South

text: America

text: Antarctica

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: In

text: geology

text: areas

text: of

text: continental

text: crust

text: include

text: regions

text: covered

text: with

text: water

text: A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism. The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.

text: habitat

text: is

text: an

text: ecological

text: or

text: environmental

text: area

text: that

text: is

text: inhabited

text: by

text: particular

text: species

text: of

text: animal

text: plant

text: or

text: other

text: type

text: of

text: organism

text: The

text: term

text: typically

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: zone

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: organism

text: lives

text: and

text: where

text: it

text: can

text: find

text: food

text: shelter

text: protection

text: and

text: mates

text: for

text: reproduction

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: natural

text: environment

text: in

text: which

text: an

text: organism

text: lives

text: or

text: the

text: physical

text: environment

text: that

text: surrounds

text: species

text: population

text: Mexico (, modern Nahuatl ), officially the United Mexican States, is a federal republic in the southern half of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometers (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the sixth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 120 million, it is the eleventh most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world while being the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and a federal district that is also its capital and most populous city. Other metropolises include Guadalajara, Monterrey, Puebla, Toluca, Tijuana and León.

text: Mexico

text: modern

text: Nahuatl

text: officially

text: the

text: United

text: Mexican

text: States

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Guatemala

text: Belize

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Covering

text: almost

text: two

text: million

text: square

text: kilometers

text: over

text: sq

text: mi

text: Mexico

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: independent

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eleventh

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: while

text: being

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: Mexico

text: is

text: federation

text: comprising

text: states

text: and

text: federal

text: district

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Guadalajara

text: Monterrey

text: Puebla

text: Toluca

text: Tijuana

text: and

text: León

text: Panama, officially called the Republic of Panama, is a country usually considered to be entirely in North America or Central America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia (in South America) to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The capital and largest city is Panama City, whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half of the country's 3.9 million people.

text: Panama

text: officially

text: called

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Panama

text: is

text: country

text: usually

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: entirely

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: or

text: Central

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Colombia

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Panama

text: City

text: whose

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: nearly

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: people

text: French Guiana (pronounced or ), officially called Guiana, is an overseas department and region of France, located on the north Atlantic coast of South America in the Guyanas. It borders Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km, with half of its 244,118 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, its capital. By land area, it is the second largest region of France and the largest outermost region within the European Union.

text: French

text: Guiana

text: pronounced

text: or

text: officially

text: called

text: Guiana

text: is

text: an

text: overseas

text: department

text: and

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: in

text: the

text: Guyanas

text: It

text: borders

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: Suriname

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Its

text: area

text: has

text: very

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: only

text: inhabitants

text: per

text: km

text: with

text: half

text: of

text: its

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: Cayenne

text: its

text: capital

text: By

text: land

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: outermost

text: region

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Costa Rica (literally meaning "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Caribbean Sea to the east, and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island. It has a population of around 4.5 million, of whom nearly a quarter live in the metropolitan area of the capital and largest city, San José.

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: literally

text: meaning

text: Rich

text: Coast

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: America

text: bordered

text: by

text: Nicaragua

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Panama

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Ecuador

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Cocos

text: Island

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: of

text: whom

text: nearly

text: quarter

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: San

text: José

text: The rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae is one of the most diverse groups of mammals. It includes New World rats and mice, with at least 376 species. Many authorities include the Neotominae and Tylomyinae as part of a larger definition of Sigmodontinae. When those genera are included, the species count numbers at least 508. Their distribution includes much of the New World, but the genera are predominantly South American, such as brucies. They invaded South America from Central America as part of the Great American Interchange near the end of the Miocene, about 5 million years ago. Sigmodontines proceeded to diversify explosively in the formerly isolated continent. They inhabit many of the same ecological niches that the Murinae occupy in the Old World.

text: The

text: rodent

text: subfamily

text: Sigmodontinae

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: diverse

text: groups

text: of

text: mammals

text: It

text: includes

text: New

text: World

text: rats

text: and

text: mice

text: with

text: at

text: least

text: species

text: Many

text: authorities

text: include

text: the

text: Neotominae

text: and

text: Tylomyinae

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: larger

text: definition

text: of

text: Sigmodontinae

text: When

text: those

text: genera

text: are

text: included

text: the

text: species

text: count

text: numbers

text: at

text: least

text: Their

text: distribution

text: includes

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: but

text: the

text: genera

text: are

text: predominantly

text: South

text: American

text: such

text: as

text: brucies

text: They

text: invaded

text: South

text: America

text: from

text: Central

text: America

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: American

text: Interchange

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Miocene

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Sigmodontines

text: proceeded

text: to

text: diversify

text: explosively

text: in

text: the

text: formerly

text: isolated

text: continent

text: They

text: inhabit

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: ecological

text: niches

text: that

text: the

text: Murinae

text: occupy

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is a zoonotic human illness first identified in 1989. The disease is most prevalent in several rural areas of central Venezuela and is caused by the Guanarito virus (GTOV) which belongs to the Arenaviridae family. The short-tailed cane mouse ("Zygodontomys brevicauda") is the main host for GTOV which is spread mostly by inhalation of aerosolized droplets of saliva, respiratory secretions, urine, or blood from infected rodents. Person-to-person spread is possible, but uncommon.

text: Venezuelan

text: hemorrhagic

text: fever

text: VHF

text: is

text: zoonotic

text: human

text: illness

text: first

text: identified

text: in

text: The

text: disease

text: is

text: most

text: prevalent

text: in

text: several

text: rural

text: areas

text: of

text: central

text: Venezuela

text: and

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: Guanarito

text: virus

text: GTOV

text: which

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: Arenaviridae

text: family

text: The

text: short

text: tailed

text: cane

text: mouse

text: Zygodontomys

text: brevicauda

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: host

text: for

text: GTOV

text: which

text: is

text: spread

text: mostly

text: by

text: inhalation

text: of

text: aerosolized

text: droplets

text: of

text: saliva

text: respiratory

text: secretions

text: urine

text: or

text: blood

text: from

text: infected

text: rodents

text: Person

text: to

text: person

text: spread

text: is

text: possible

text: but

text: uncommon

text: Zygodontomys is a genus of rodent in the tribe Oryzomyini of the family Cricetidae . Its closest relative may be Scolomys . It ranges from Central America east to the Guianas . It contains two species : Zygodontomys brunneus and Zygodontomys brevicauda .

text: Zygodontomys

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: rodent

text: in

text: the

text: tribe

text: Oryzomyini

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Cricetidae

text: Its

text: closest

text: relative

text: may

text: be

text: Scolomys

text: It

text: ranges

text: from

text: Central

text: America

text: east

text: to

text: the

text: Guianas

text: It

text: contains

text: two

text: species

text: Zygodontomys

text: brunneus

text: and

text: Zygodontomys

text: brevicauda

text: Zygodontomys brevicauda, also known as the short-tailed zygodont, short-tailed cane mouse, or common cane mouse, is a species of rodent in the genus "Zygodontomys" of tribe Oryzomyini. It occurs from Costa Rica via Panama, Colombia and Venezuela into Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and northern Brazil, including Trinidad and Tobago. It includes three subspecies: "Zygodontomys brevicauda brevicauda", "Zygodontomys brevicauda cherriei", and "Zygodontomys brevicauda microtinus". Many "Zygodontomys brevicauda" serve as viral reservoirs, causing illnesses such as Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever.

text: Zygodontomys

text: brevicauda

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: short

text: tailed

text: zygodont

text: short

text: tailed

text: cane

text: mouse

text: or

text: common

text: cane

text: mouse

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: rodent

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Zygodontomys

text: of

text: tribe

text: Oryzomyini

text: It

text: occurs

text: from

text: Costa

text: Rica

text: via

text: Panama

text: Colombia

text: and

text: Venezuela

text: into

text: Guyana

text: Suriname

text: French

text: Guiana

text: and

text: northern

text: Brazil

text: including

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Tobago

text: It

text: includes

text: three

text: subspecies

text: Zygodontomys

text: brevicauda

text: brevicauda

text: Zygodontomys

text: brevicauda

text: cherriei

text: and

text: Zygodontomys

text: brevicauda

text: microtinus

text: Many

text: Zygodontomys

text: brevicauda

text: serve

text: as

text: viral

text: reservoirs

text: causing

text: illnesses

text: such

text: as

text: Venezuelan

text: hemorrhagic

text: fever

text: A lemming is a small rodent, usually found in or near the Arctic, in tundra biomes. Lemmings are subniveal animals and together with voles and muskrats, they make up the subfamily Arvicolinae (also known as Microtinae), which forms part of the largest mammal radiation by far, the superfamily Muroidea, which also includes rats, mice, hamsters, and gerbils.

text: lemming

text: is

text: small

text: rodent

text: usually

text: found

text: in

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: Arctic

text: in

text: tundra

text: biomes

text: Lemmings

text: are

text: subniveal

text: animals

text: and

text: together

text: with

text: voles

text: and

text: muskrats

text: they

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Arvicolinae

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Microtinae

text: which

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: mammal

text: radiation

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: superfamily

text: Muroidea

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: rats

text: mice

text: hamsters

text: and

text: gerbils

text: Zygodontomys brunneus, also known as the brown zygodont, brown cane mouse, or Colombian cane mouse, is a rodent species in the genus "Zygodontomys" of tribe Oryzomyini. It is found only in Colombia.

text: Zygodontomys

text: brunneus

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: brown

text: zygodont

text: brown

text: cane

text: mouse

text: or

text: Colombian

text: cane

text: mouse

text: is

text: rodent

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Zygodontomys

text: of

text: tribe

text: Oryzomyini

text: It

text: is

text: found

text: only

text: in

text: Colombia

text: Guatemala (, or ), officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, Honduras to the east and El Salvador to the southeast. With an estimated population of around 15.8 million, it is the most populated state in Central America. A representative democracy, Guatemala's capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción, also known as Guatemala City.

text: Guatemala

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Guatemala

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: America

text: bordered

text: by

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Belize

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Honduras

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: El

text: Salvador

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populated

text: state

text: in

text: Central

text: America

text: representative

text: democracy

text: Guatemala

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Nueva

text: Guatemala

text: de

text: la

text: Asunción

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Guatemala

text: City

text: The Muroidea are a large superfamily of rodents, including mice, rats, voles, hamsters, gerbils, and many other relatives. They occupy a vast variety of habitats on every continent except Antarctica. Some authorities have placed all members of this group into a single family, Muridae, due to difficulties in determining how the subfamilies are related to one another. The following taxonomy is based on recent well-supported molecular phylogenies.

text: The

text: Muroidea

text: are

text: large

text: superfamily

text: of

text: rodents

text: including

text: mice

text: rats

text: voles

text: hamsters

text: gerbils

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: relatives

text: They

text: occupy

text: vast

text: variety

text: of

text: habitats

text: on

text: every

text: continent

text: except

text: Antarctica

text: Some

text: authorities

text: have

text: placed

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: this

text: group

text: into

text: single

text: family

text: Muridae

text: due

text: to

text: difficulties

text: in

text: determining

text: how

text: the

text: subfamilies

text: are

text: related

text: to

text: one

text: another

text: The

text: following

text: taxonomy

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: recent

text: well

text: supported

text: molecular

text: phylogenies

text: The Cricetidae are a family of rodents in the large and complex superfamily Muroidea. It includes true hamsters, voles, lemmings, and New World rats and mice. At almost 600 species, it is the second-largest family of mammals, and has members throughout the Americas, Asia, and Europe.

text: The

text: Cricetidae

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: rodents

text: in

text: the

text: large

text: and

text: complex

text: superfamily

text: Muroidea

text: It

text: includes

text: true

text: hamsters

text: voles

text: lemmings

text: and

text: New

text: World

text: rats

text: and

text: mice

text: At

text: almost

text: species

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: family

text: of

text: mammals

text: and

text: has

text: members

text: throughout

text: the

text: Americas

text: Asia

text: and

text: Europe

annotations: follows multiple

question: parent_taxon zygodontomys

answer: sigmodontinae

text: sigmodontinae

text: sigmodontinae

text: sigmodontinae

text: sigmodontinae