text: Aviemore ("The big [mountain] face") is a town and tourist resort, situated within the Cairngorms National Park in the Highlands of Scotland. It is in the Badenoch and Strathspey committee area, within the Highland council area. The town is popular for skiing and other winter sports, and for hill-walking in the Cairngorm Mountains. There are excellent views of the Cairngorms from various places within the town, especially from the railway station. The Aviemore stone circle is located within a residential neighbourhood of the town.

text: Aviemore

text: The

text: big

text: mountain

text: face

text: is

text: town

text: and

text: tourist

text: resort

text: situated

text: within

text: the

text: Cairngorms

text: National

text: Park

text: in

text: the

text: Highlands

text: of

text: Scotland

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Badenoch

text: and

text: Strathspey

text: committee

text: area

text: within

text: the

text: Highland

text: council

text: area

text: The

text: town

text: is

text: popular

text: for

text: skiing

text: and

text: other

text: winter

text: sports

text: and

text: for

text: hill

text: walking

text: in

text: the

text: Cairngorm

text: Mountains

text: There

text: are

text: excellent

text: views

text: of

text: the

text: Cairngorms

text: from

text: various

text: places

text: within

text: the

text: town

text: especially

text: from

text: the

text: railway

text: station

text: The

text: Aviemore

text: stone

text: circle

text: is

text: located

text: within

text: residential

text: neighbourhood

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: Snow pertains to frozen crystalline water throughout its life cycle, starting when it precipitates from clouds and accumulates on surfaces, then metamorphoses in place, and ultimately melts, slides or sublimates away. Snowstorms organize and develop by feeding on sources of atmospheric moisture and cold air. Snowflakes nucleate around particles in the atmosphere by attracting supercooled water droplets, which freeze in hexagonal-shaped crystals. Snowflakes take on a variety of shapes, basic among these are platelets, needles, columns and rime. As snow accumulates into a snowpack, it may blow into drifts. Over time, accumulated snow metamorphoses, by sintering, sublimation and freeze-thaw. Where the climate is cold enough for year-to-year accumulation, a glacier may form. Otherwise, snow typically melts, seasonally, and causes runoff into streams and rivers and recharging groundwater.

text: Snow

text: pertains

text: to

text: frozen

text: crystalline

text: water

text: throughout

text: its

text: life

text: cycle

text: starting

text: when

text: it

text: precipitates

text: from

text: clouds

text: and

text: accumulates

text: on

text: surfaces

text: then

text: metamorphoses

text: in

text: place

text: and

text: ultimately

text: melts

text: slides

text: or

text: sublimates

text: away

text: Snowstorms

text: organize

text: and

text: develop

text: by

text: feeding

text: on

text: sources

text: of

text: atmospheric

text: moisture

text: and

text: cold

text: air

text: Snowflakes

text: nucleate

text: around

text: particles

text: in

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: by

text: attracting

text: supercooled

text: water

text: droplets

text: which

text: freeze

text: in

text: hexagonal

text: shaped

text: crystals

text: Snowflakes

text: take

text: on

text: variety

text: of

text: shapes

text: basic

text: among

text: these

text: are

text: platelets

text: needles

text: columns

text: and

text: rime

text: As

text: snow

text: accumulates

text: into

text: snowpack

text: it

text: may

text: blow

text: into

text: drifts

text: Over

text: time

text: accumulated

text: snow

text: metamorphoses

text: by

text: sintering

text: sublimation

text: and

text: freeze

text: thaw

text: Where

text: the

text: climate

text: is

text: cold

text: enough

text: for

text: year

text: to

text: year

text: accumulation

text: glacier

text: may

text: form

text: Otherwise

text: snow

text: typically

text: melts

text: seasonally

text: and

text: causes

text: runoff

text: into

text: streams

text: and

text: rivers

text: and

text: recharging

text: groundwater

text: Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in the British Isles, located in Scotland. Standing at above sea level, it is located at the western end of the Grampian Mountains in the Lochaber area of the Scottish Highlands, close to the town of Fort William.

text: Ben

text: Nevis

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: located

text: in

text: Scotland

text: Standing

text: at

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: it

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: western

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Grampian

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: Lochaber

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Highlands

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Fort

text: William

text: The Channel Islands (Norman: "Îles d'la Manche", French: "Îles Anglo-Normandes" or "Îles de la Manche") are an archipelago in the English Channel, off the French coast of Normandy. They include two Crown dependencies: the Bailiwick of Jersey, consisting of Jersey, the largest of the islands; and the Bailiwick of Guernsey, consisting of Guernsey, Alderney, Sark and some smaller islands. They are considered the remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, and although they are not part of the United Kingdom, it is responsible for the defence and international relations of the islands. The Crown dependencies are not members of the Commonwealth of Nations nor of the European Union. They have a total population of about 168,000, and the bailiwicks' respective capitals, Saint Helier and Saint Peter Port, have populations of 33,500 and 16,488, respectively. The total area of the islands is 198 km.

text: The

text: Channel

text: Islands

text: Norman

text: Îles

text: d'la

text: Manche

text: French

text: Îles

text: Anglo

text: Normandes

text: or

text: Îles

text: de

text: la

text: Manche

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: off

text: the

text: French

text: coast

text: of

text: Normandy

text: They

text: include

text: two

text: Crown

text: dependencies

text: the

text: Bailiwick

text: of

text: Jersey

text: consisting

text: of

text: Jersey

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: and

text: the

text: Bailiwick

text: of

text: Guernsey

text: consisting

text: of

text: Guernsey

text: Alderney

text: Sark

text: and

text: some

text: smaller

text: islands

text: They

text: are

text: considered

text: the

text: remnants

text: of

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Normandy

text: and

text: although

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: it

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: defence

text: and

text: international

text: relations

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: The

text: Crown

text: dependencies

text: are

text: not

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: nor

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: They

text: have

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: and

text: the

text: bailiwicks

text: respective

text: capitals

text: Saint

text: Helier

text: and

text: Saint

text: Peter

text: Port

text: have

text: populations

text: of

text: and

text: respectively

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: is

text: km

text: Ireland (Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, and St George's Channel. Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth.

text: Ireland

text: Ulster

text: Scots

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Great

text: Britain

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: and

text: St

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: twentieth

text: largest

text: on

text: Earth

text: The Lairig Ghru is one of the mountain passes through the Cairngorms of Scotland. The route and mountain pass partially lies on the Mar Lodge Estate.

text: The

text: Lairig

text: Ghru

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: mountain

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: Cairngorms

text: of

text: Scotland

text: The

text: route

text: and

text: mountain

text: pass

text: partially

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: Mar

text: Lodge

text: Estate

text: A glacier (or ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.

text: glacier

text: or

text: is

text: persistent

text: body

text: of

text: dense

text: ice

text: that

text: is

text: constantly

text: moving

text: under

text: its

text: own

text: weight

text: it

text: forms

text: where

text: the

text: accumulation

text: of

text: snow

text: exceeds

text: its

text: ablation

text: melting

text: and

text: sublimation

text: over

text: many

text: years

text: often

text: centuries

text: Glaciers

text: slowly

text: deform

text: and

text: flow

text: due

text: to

text: stresses

text: induced

text: by

text: their

text: weight

text: creating

text: crevasses

text: seracs

text: and

text: other

text: distinguishing

text: features

text: They

text: also

text: abrade

text: rock

text: and

text: debris

text: from

text: their

text: substrate

text: to

text: create

text: landforms

text: such

text: as

text: cirques

text: and

text: moraines

text: Glaciers

text: form

text: only

text: on

text: land

text: and

text: are

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: much

text: thinner

text: sea

text: ice

text: and

text: lake

text: ice

text: that

text: form

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: The Isle of Man, also known simply as Mann, is a self-governing crown dependency in the Irish Sea between England and Northern Ireland. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. Foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the British Government.

text: The

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: also

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Mann

text: is

text: self

text: governing

text: crown

text: dependency

text: in

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: between

text: England

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: The

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: is

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: who

text: holds

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Lord

text: of

text: Mann

text: The

text: Lord

text: of

text: Mann

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: Foreign

text: relations

text: and

text: defence

text: are

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Government

text: Sintering is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction.

text: Sintering

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: compacting

text: and

text: forming

text: solid

text: mass

text: of

text: material

text: by

text: heat

text: or

text: pressure

text: without

text: melting

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: point

text: of

text: liquefaction

text: A lake is an area of variable size filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, and therefore are distinct from lagoons, and are also larger and deeper than ponds, though there are no official or scientific definitions. Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams, which are usually flowing. Most lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams.

text: lake

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: variable

text: size

text: filled

text: with

text: water

text: localized

text: in

text: basin

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: land

text: apart

text: from

text: any

text: river

text: or

text: other

text: outlet

text: that

text: serves

text: to

text: feed

text: or

text: drain

text: the

text: lake

text: Lakes

text: lie

text: on

text: land

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: ocean

text: and

text: therefore

text: are

text: distinct

text: from

text: lagoons

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: larger

text: and

text: deeper

text: than

text: ponds

text: though

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: or

text: scientific

text: definitions

text: Lakes

text: can

text: be

text: contrasted

text: with

text: rivers

text: or

text: streams

text: which

text: are

text: usually

text: flowing

text: Most

text: lakes

text: are

text: fed

text: and

text: drained

text: by

text: rivers

text: and

text: streams

text: Lochaber is an area in the west of the Scottish Highlands. Historically it referred to the area between Loch Linnhe and Loch Leven, around the town of Fort William. It is now also used to refer to a much wider area, one of the 16 ward management areas of the Highland Council of Scotland and one of eight former local government districts of the two-tier Highland region.

text: Lochaber

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Highlands

text: Historically

text: it

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: between

text: Loch

text: Linnhe

text: and

text: Loch

text: Leven

text: around

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Fort

text: William

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: much

text: wider

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: ward

text: management

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: Highland

text: Council

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: eight

text: former

text: local

text: government

text: districts

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: tier

text: Highland

text: region

text: Braeriach ( Scottish Gaelic : Bràigh Riabhach / Am Bràigh Riabhach ) is the third highest mountain in the British Isles , surpassed only by Ben Nevis and Ben Macdui . It is the highest point in the western massif of the Cairngorms , separated from the central section ( containing Ben Macdui and Cairn Gorm ) by the pass of the Lairig Ghru . The summit has a crescent shape , with several corries . In the north - facing corrie of Garbh Coire Mor the snow has completely melted just 5 times in the last century : 1933 , 1959 , 1996 , 2003 & 2006 and the patches that linger there are the longest lying snow patches in Scotland . Probably the most commonly used route up Braeriach starts from Sugar Bowl car park , on the road leading the Cairn Gorm ski area . From here a path leads over the hillside to a steep sided rocky ravine known as the Chalamain Gap , before descending around 100 m to the Lairig Ghru . After crossing this pass the route heads for the summit via Braeriach 's north ridge , crossing a subsidiary peak , Sròn na Lairige . The summit is about 9 km from the car park by this route .

text: Braeriach

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: Bràigh

text: Riabhach

text: Am

text: Bràigh

text: Riabhach

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: surpassed

text: only

text: by

text: Ben

text: Nevis

text: and

text: Ben

text: Macdui

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: massif

text: of

text: the

text: Cairngorms

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: central

text: section

text: containing

text: Ben

text: Macdui

text: and

text: Cairn

text: Gorm

text: by

text: the

text: pass

text: of

text: the

text: Lairig

text: Ghru

text: The

text: summit

text: has

text: crescent

text: shape

text: with

text: several

text: corries

text: In

text: the

text: north

text: facing

text: corrie

text: of

text: Garbh

text: Coire

text: Mor

text: the

text: snow

text: has

text: completely

text: melted

text: just

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: patches

text: that

text: linger

text: there

text: are

text: the

text: longest

text: lying

text: snow

text: patches

text: in

text: Scotland

text: Probably

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: route

text: up

text: Braeriach

text: starts

text: from

text: Sugar

text: Bowl

text: car

text: park

text: on

text: the

text: road

text: leading

text: the

text: Cairn

text: Gorm

text: ski

text: area

text: From

text: here

text: path

text: leads

text: over

text: the

text: hillside

text: to

text: steep

text: sided

text: rocky

text: ravine

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Chalamain

text: Gap

text: before

text: descending

text: around

text: to

text: the

text: Lairig

text: Ghru

text: After

text: crossing

text: this

text: pass

text: the

text: route

text: heads

text: for

text: the

text: summit

text: via

text: Braeriach

text: 's

text: north

text: ridge

text: crossing

text: subsidiary

text: peak

text: Sròn

text: Lairige

text: The

text: summit

text: is

text: about

text: km

text: from

text: the

text: car

text: park

text: by

text: this

text: route

text: Snowpack forms from layers of snow that accumulate in geographic regions and high altitudes where the climate includes cold weather for extended periods during the year. Snowpacks are an important water resource that feed streams and rivers as they melt. Therefore, snowpacks are both the drinking water source for many communities and a potential source of flooding (in case of sudden melting). Snowpacks also contribute mass to glaciers in their accumulation zone.

text: Snowpack

text: forms

text: from

text: layers

text: of

text: snow

text: that

text: accumulate

text: in

text: geographic

text: regions

text: and

text: high

text: altitudes

text: where

text: the

text: climate

text: includes

text: cold

text: weather

text: for

text: extended

text: periods

text: during

text: the

text: year

text: Snowpacks

text: are

text: an

text: important

text: water

text: resource

text: that

text: feed

text: streams

text: and

text: rivers

text: as

text: they

text: melt

text: Therefore

text: snowpacks

text: are

text: both

text: the

text: drinking

text: water

text: source

text: for

text: many

text: communities

text: and

text: potential

text: source

text: of

text: flooding

text: in

text: case

text: of

text: sudden

text: melting

text: Snowpacks

text: also

text: contribute

text: mass

text: to

text: glaciers

text: in

text: their

text: accumulation

text: zone

text: A mountain pass is a route through a mountain range or over a ridge. Since many of the world's mountain ranges have presented formidable barriers to travel, passes have been important since before recorded history, and have played a key role in trade, war, and migration. At lower elevations it may be called a hill pass. The highest pass is Mana Pass, located in the Himalayas on the border between India and China.

text: mountain

text: pass

text: is

text: route

text: through

text: mountain

text: range

text: or

text: over

text: ridge

text: Since

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: have

text: presented

text: formidable

text: barriers

text: to

text: travel

text: passes

text: have

text: been

text: important

text: since

text: before

text: recorded

text: history

text: and

text: have

text: played

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: trade

text: war

text: and

text: migration

text: At

text: lower

text: elevations

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: hill

text: pass

text: The

text: highest

text: pass

text: is

text: Mana

text: Pass

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: on

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: India

text: and

text: China

text: West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east.

text: West

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: cardinal

text: directions

text: or

text: points

text: of

text: the

text: compass

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: opposite

text: direction

text: from

text: east

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands. The word "archipelago" is derived from the Greek "-  arkhi-" ("chief") and "  pélagos" ("sea") through the Italian "arcipelago". In Italian, possibly following a tradition of antiquity, the Archipelago (from medieval Greek "*" and Latin "archipelagus") was the proper name for the Aegean Sea and, later, usage shifted to refer to the Aegean Islands (since the sea is remarkable for its large number of islands). It is now used to refer to any island group or, sometimes, to a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.

text: An

text: archipelago

text: sometimes

text: called

text: an

text: island

text: group

text: or

text: island

text: chain

text: is

text: chain

text: cluster

text: or

text: collection

text: of

text: islands

text: The

text: word

text: archipelago

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: arkhi-

text: chief

text: and

text: pélagos

text: sea

text: through

text: the

text: Italian

text: arcipelago

text: In

text: Italian

text: possibly

text: following

text: tradition

text: of

text: antiquity

text: the

text: Archipelago

text: from

text: medieval

text: Greek

text: and

text: Latin

text: archipelagus

text: was

text: the

text: proper

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: and

text: later

text: usage

text: shifted

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Islands

text: since

text: the

text: sea

text: is

text: remarkable

text: for

text: its

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: island

text: group

text: or

text: sometimes

text: to

text: sea

text: containing

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: scattered

text: islands

text: Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.

text: Great

text: Britain

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Britain

text: is

text: large

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: northwest

text: coast

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: the

text: island

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: after

text: Java

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: Honshu

text: in

text: Japan

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: situated

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: it

text: and

text: together

text: these

text: islands

text: along

text: with

text: over

text: smaller

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: comprise

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: archipelago

text: Cairn Gorm ("Cairngorm") (Gaelic: An Càrn Gorm, meaning "Blue or Green Hill") is a mountain in the Scottish Highlands overlooking Strathspey and the town of Aviemore. At 1245 metres (4084 ft) it is the sixth-highest mountain in the United Kingdom. It has given its name to the whole range, although these hills were historically known as "Am Monadh Ruadh" (the Red Hills) rather than the Cairngorms. Cairn Gorm is the most prominent of the Cairngorm mountains in the view from Aviemore, but it is not the highest.

text: Cairn

text: Gorm

text: Cairngorm

text: Gaelic

text: An

text: Càrn

text: Gorm

text: meaning

text: Blue

text: or

text: Green

text: Hill

text: is

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Highlands

text: overlooking

text: Strathspey

text: and

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Aviemore

text: At

text: metres

text: ft

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: has

text: given

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: range

text: although

text: these

text: hills

text: were

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: Am

text: Monadh

text: Ruadh

text: the

text: Red

text: Hills

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: Cairngorms

text: Cairn

text: Gorm

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: of

text: the

text: Cairngorm

text: mountains

text: in

text: the

text: view

text: from

text: Aviemore

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: the

text: highest

text: The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles. Situated in the North Atlantic, the islands have a total area of approximately 315,159 km, and a combined population of just under 70 million. Two sovereign states are located on the islands: Ireland (which covers roughly five-sixths of the island with the same name) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Isles also include three Crown Dependencies: the Isle of Man and, by tradition, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey in the Channel Islands, although the latter are not physically a part of the archipelago.

text: The

text: British

text: Isles

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: islands

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: that

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: Ireland

text: and

text: over

text: six

text: thousand

text: smaller

text: isles

text: Situated

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: the

text: islands

text: have

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: km

text: and

text: combined

text: population

text: of

text: just

text: under

text: million

text: Two

text: sovereign

text: states

text: are

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: islands

text: Ireland

text: which

text: covers

text: roughly

text: five

text: sixths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: with

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: The

text: British

text: Isles

text: also

text: include

text: three

text: Crown

text: Dependencies

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: and

text: by

text: tradition

text: the

text: Bailiwick

text: of

text: Jersey

text: and

text: the

text: Bailiwick

text: of

text: Guernsey

text: in

text: the

text: Channel

text: Islands

text: although

text: the

text: latter

text: are

text: not

text: physically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: archipelago

text: Snow patch is a geomorphological pattern of snow and firn accumulation which lies on the surface longer time than other seasonal snow cover. There are two types to distinguish; seasonal snow patches and perennial snow patches. Seasonal patches usually melt during the late summer but later than rest of the snow. Perennial snow patches are stable for more than two years and also have bigger influence to surroundings. (Demek, 1987).

text: Snow

text: patch

text: is

text: geomorphological

text: pattern

text: of

text: snow

text: and

text: firn

text: accumulation

text: which

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: longer

text: time

text: than

text: other

text: seasonal

text: snow

text: cover

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: types

text: to

text: distinguish

text: seasonal

text: snow

text: patches

text: and

text: perennial

text: snow

text: patches

text: Seasonal

text: patches

text: usually

text: melt

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: summer

text: but

text: later

text: than

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: snow

text: Perennial

text: snow

text: patches

text: are

text: stable

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: years

text: and

text: also

text: have

text: bigger

text: influence

text: to

text: surroundings

text: Demek

text: Jersey (; Jèrriais: "Jèrri" [ri]), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (Jèrriais: "Bailliage dé Jèrri"), is a Crown dependency of the United Kingdom, ruled by the Crown in right of Jersey, off the coast of Normandy, France. Jersey was part of the Duchy of Normandy, whose dukes went on to become kings of England from 1066. After Normandy was lost by the kings of England in the 13th century, and the ducal title surrendered to France, Jersey and the other Channel Islands remained attached to the English crown.

text: Jersey

text: Jèrriais

text: Jèrri

text: ri

text: officially

text: the

text: Bailiwick

text: of

text: Jersey

text: Jèrriais

text: Bailliage

text: dé

text: Jèrri

text: is

text: Crown

text: dependency

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Crown

text: in

text: right

text: of

text: Jersey

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Normandy

text: France

text: Jersey

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Normandy

text: whose

text: dukes

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: kings

text: of

text: England

text: from

text: After

text: Normandy

text: was

text: lost

text: by

text: the

text: kings

text: of

text: England

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: ducal

text: title

text: surrendered

text: to

text: France

text: Jersey

text: and

text: the

text: other

text: Channel

text: Islands

text: remained

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: crown

text: Northern Ireland (; Ulster Scots: "") is a top-level constituent unit of the United Kingdom in the northeast of Ireland. It is variously described as a country, province, region, or "part" of the United Kingdom, amongst other terms. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to "put forward views and proposals" with "determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments".

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Ulster

text: Scots

text: is

text: top

text: level

text: constituent

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: Ireland

text: It

text: is

text: variously

text: described

text: as

text: country

text: province

text: region

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: amongst

text: other

text: terms

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: shares

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: with

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: In

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: constituting

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: and

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: population

text: Established

text: by

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Act

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Good

text: Friday

text: Agreement

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Assembly

text: holds

text: responsibility

text: for

text: range

text: of

text: devolved

text: policy

text: matters

text: while

text: other

text: areas

text: are

text: reserved

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: co

text: operates

text: with

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: and

text: the

text: Agreement

text: granted

text: the

text: Republic

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: put

text: forward

text: views

text: and

text: proposals

text: with

text: determined

text: efforts

text: to

text: resolve

text: disagreements

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: governments

text: The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800. The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands. It did not include Ireland, which remained a separate realm. The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster. The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I, bringing about a "Union of the Crowns". Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714, the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: officially

text: Great

text: Britain

text: was

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: December

text: The

text: state

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: following

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Union

text: in

text: ratified

text: by

text: the

text: Acts

text: of

text: Union

text: which

text: united

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: to

text: form

text: single

text: kingdom

text: encompassing

text: the

text: whole

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: its

text: outlying

text: islands

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: Ireland

text: which

text: remained

text: separate

text: realm

text: The

text: unitary

text: state

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: single

text: parliament

text: and

text: government

text: that

text: was

text: based

text: in

text: Westminster

text: The

text: former

text: kingdoms

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: since

text: James

text: VI

text: King

text: of

text: Scots

text: became

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: King

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: bringing

text: about

text: Union

text: of

text: the

text: Crowns

text: Also

text: after

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: George

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: in

text: the

text: kingdom

text: was

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: with

text: the

text: Electorate

text: of

text: Hanover

text: The Crown dependencies are three territories of the United Kingdom: the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea, and the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey in the English Channel. Being independently administered jurisdictions, they do not form part of either the United Kingdom or the British Overseas Territories. They are self-governing possessions of the Crown (defined uniquely in each jurisdiction). Internationally, the dependencies are considered "territories for which the United Kingdom is responsible" rather than as sovereign states. As a result, they are not member states of the Commonwealth of Nations. However, they do have a relationship with the Commonwealth, the European Union, and other international organisations and are members of the BritishIrish Council. They are not part of the European Union (EU), although they are within the EU's customs area.

text: The

text: Crown

text: dependencies

text: are

text: three

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: in

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Bailiwicks

text: of

text: Jersey

text: and

text: Guernsey

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: Being

text: independently

text: administered

text: jurisdictions

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: either

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: or

text: the

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territories

text: They

text: are

text: self

text: governing

text: possessions

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: defined

text: uniquely

text: in

text: each

text: jurisdiction

text: Internationally

text: the

text: dependencies

text: are

text: considered

text: territories

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: is

text: responsible

text: rather

text: than

text: as

text: sovereign

text: states

text: As

text: result

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: member

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: However

text: they

text: do

text: have

text: relationship

text: with

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: other

text: international

text: organisations

text: and

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: BritishIrish

text: Council

text: They

text: are

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: although

text: they

text: are

text: within

text: the

text: EU

text: 's

text: customs

text: area

text: Scottish Gaelic or Scots Gaelic, sometimes also referred to as Gaelic (" ), is a Celtic language native to Scotland. A member of the Goidelic branch of the Celtic languages, Scottish Gaelic, like Modern Irish and Manx, developed out of Middle Irish.

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: or

text: Scots

text: Gaelic

text: sometimes

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Gaelic

text: is

text: Celtic

text: language

text: native

text: to

text: Scotland

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Goidelic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Celtic

text: languages

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: like

text: Modern

text: Irish

text: and

text: Manx

text: developed

text: out

text: of

text: Middle

text: Irish

text: Groundwater (or ground water) is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated with water is called the water table. Groundwater is recharged from, and eventually flows to, the surface naturally; natural discharge often occurs at springs and seeps, and can form oases or wetlands. Groundwater is also often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal, and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction wells. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is hydrogeology, also called groundwater hydrology.

text: Groundwater

text: or

text: ground

text: water

text: is

text: the

text: water

text: present

text: beneath

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: in

text: soil

text: pore

text: spaces

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: fractures

text: of

text: rock

text: formations

text: unit

text: of

text: rock

text: or

text: an

text: unconsolidated

text: deposit

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: aquifer

text: when

text: it

text: can

text: yield

text: usable

text: quantity

text: of

text: water

text: The

text: depth

text: at

text: which

text: soil

text: pore

text: spaces

text: or

text: fractures

text: and

text: voids

text: in

text: rock

text: become

text: completely

text: saturated

text: with

text: water

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: water

text: table

text: Groundwater

text: is

text: recharged

text: from

text: and

text: eventually

text: flows

text: to

text: the

text: surface

text: naturally

text: natural

text: discharge

text: often

text: occurs

text: at

text: springs

text: and

text: seeps

text: and

text: can

text: form

text: oases

text: or

text: wetlands

text: Groundwater

text: is

text: also

text: often

text: withdrawn

text: for

text: agricultural

text: municipal

text: and

text: industrial

text: use

text: by

text: constructing

text: and

text: operating

text: extraction

text: wells

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: distribution

text: and

text: movement

text: of

text: groundwater

text: is

text: hydrogeology

text: also

text: called

text: groundwater

text: hydrology

text: Middle Irish (sometimes called Middle Gaelic) is the Goidelic language which was spoken in Ireland, most of Scotland and the Isle of Man from the 10th to 12th centuries; it is therefore a contemporary of late Old English and early Middle English. The modern Goidelic languagesIrish, Scottish Gaelic and Manxare all descendants of Middle Irish.

text: Middle

text: Irish

text: sometimes

text: called

text: Middle

text: Gaelic

text: is

text: the

text: Goidelic

text: language

text: which

text: was

text: spoken

text: in

text: Ireland

text: most

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: it

text: is

text: therefore

text: contemporary

text: of

text: late

text: Old

text: English

text: and

text: early

text: Middle

text: English

text: The

text: modern

text: Goidelic

text: languagesIrish

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: and

text: Manxare

text: all

text: descendants

text: of

text: Middle

text: Irish

text: A mountain is a large landform that stretches above the surrounding land in a limited area, usually in the form of a peak. A mountain is generally steeper than a hill. Mountains are formed through tectonic forces or volcanism. These forces can locally raise the surface of the earth. Mountains erode slowly through the action of rivers, weather conditions, and glaciers. A few mountains are isolated summits, but most occur in huge mountain ranges.

text: mountain

text: is

text: large

text: landform

text: that

text: stretches

text: above

text: the

text: surrounding

text: land

text: in

text: limited

text: area

text: usually

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: peak

text: mountain

text: is

text: generally

text: steeper

text: than

text: hill

text: Mountains

text: are

text: formed

text: through

text: tectonic

text: forces

text: or

text: volcanism

text: These

text: forces

text: can

text: locally

text: raise

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: earth

text: Mountains

text: erode

text: slowly

text: through

text: the

text: action

text: of

text: rivers

text: weather

text: conditions

text: and

text: glaciers

text: few

text: mountains

text: are

text: isolated

text: summits

text: but

text: most

text: occur

text: in

text: huge

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe, or, by Europeans, simply the Continent, is the continuous continent of Europe, excluding surrounding islands.

text: Continental

text: Europe

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: mainland

text: Europe

text: or

text: by

text: Europeans

text: simply

text: the

text: Continent

text: is

text: the

text: continuous

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: excluding

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: The Cairngorms (Scottish Gaelic: "Am Monadh Ruadh") are a mountain range in the eastern Highlands of Scotland closely associated with the mountain of the same nameCairn Gorm.

text: The

text: Cairngorms

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: Am

text: Monadh

text: Ruadh

text: are

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: Highlands

text: of

text: Scotland

text: closely

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: mountain

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: nameCairn

text: Gorm

text: Long-lying snow patches in Scotland have been noted from at least the 18th century, with snow patches on Ben Nevis being observed well into summer and autumn. Indeed, the summit observatory, which operated from 1883 to 1904, reported that snow survived on the north-east cliffs through more years than it vanished.

text: Long

text: lying

text: snow

text: patches

text: in

text: Scotland

text: have

text: been

text: noted

text: from

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: with

text: snow

text: patches

text: on

text: Ben

text: Nevis

text: being

text: observed

text: well

text: into

text: summer

text: and

text: autumn

text: Indeed

text: the

text: summit

text: observatory

text: which

text: operated

text: from

text: to

text: reported

text: that

text: snow

text: survived

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: cliffs

text: through

text: more

text: years

text: than

text: it

text: vanished

text: Mar Lodge Estate is a Scottish Highland estate in Aberdeenshire, owned by the National Trust for Scotland. It is entirely contained within the Cairngorms National Park and important for nature conservation, landscape, recreation and culture. There are many separate places and structures on the Estate, among which Mar Lodge is the principal building.

text: Mar

text: Lodge

text: Estate

text: is

text: Scottish

text: Highland

text: estate

text: in

text: Aberdeenshire

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: Trust

text: for

text: Scotland

text: It

text: is

text: entirely

text: contained

text: within

text: the

text: Cairngorms

text: National

text: Park

text: and

text: important

text: for

text: nature

text: conservation

text: landscape

text: recreation

text: and

text: culture

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: separate

text: places

text: and

text: structures

text: on

text: the

text: Estate

text: among

text: which

text: Mar

text: Lodge

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: building

text: The Highlands ("the place of the Gaels") are a historic region of Scotland. The region became culturally distinguishable from the Lowlands from the later Middle Ages into the modern period, when Lowland Scots replaced Scottish Gaelic throughout most of the Lowlands. The term is also used for the area north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault, although the exact boundaries are not clearly defined, particularly to the east. The Great Glen divides the Grampian Mountains to the southeast from the Northwest Highlands. The Scottish Gaelic name of "A' Ghàidhealtachd" literally means "the place of the Gaels" and traditionally, from a Gaelic-speaking point of view, includes both the Western Isles and the Highlands.

text: The

text: Highlands

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: Gaels

text: are

text: historic

text: region

text: of

text: Scotland

text: The

text: region

text: became

text: culturally

text: distinguishable

text: from

text: the

text: Lowlands

text: from

text: the

text: later

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: into

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: when

text: Lowland

text: Scots

text: replaced

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: throughout

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Lowlands

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: area

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Highland

text: Boundary

text: Fault

text: although

text: the

text: exact

text: boundaries

text: are

text: not

text: clearly

text: defined

text: particularly

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: Great

text: Glen

text: divides

text: the

text: Grampian

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: from

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Highlands

text: The

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: name

text: of

text: Ghàidhealtachd

text: literally

text: means

text: the

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: Gaels

text: and

text: traditionally

text: from

text: Gaelic

text: speaking

text: point

text: of

text: view

text: includes

text: both

text: the

text: Western

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Highlands

annotations: likely single

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity braeriach

answer: aberdeenshire

text: aberdeenshire


text: Table salt or common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite. Salt is present in vast quantities in seawater, where it is the main mineral constituent. The open ocean has about of solids per litre, a salinity of 3.5%.

text: Table

text: salt

text: or

text: common

text: salt

text: is

text: mineral

text: composed

text: primarily

text: of

text: sodium

text: chloride

text: NaCl

text: chemical

text: compound

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: larger

text: class

text: of

text: salts

text: salt

text: in

text: its

text: natural

text: form

text: as

text: crystalline

text: mineral

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: rock

text: salt

text: or

text: halite

text: Salt

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: vast

text: quantities

text: in

text: seawater

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: mineral

text: constituent

text: The

text: open

text: ocean

text: has

text: about

text: of

text: solids

text: per

text: litre

text: salinity

text: of

text: Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep. During production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation. The solids are separated and pressed into final form. Some cheeses have molds on the rind or throughout. Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature.

text: Cheese

text: is

text: food

text: derived

text: from

text: milk

text: that

text: is

text: produced

text: in

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: flavors

text: textures

text: and

text: forms

text: by

text: coagulation

text: of

text: the

text: milk

text: protein

text: casein

text: It

text: comprises

text: proteins

text: and

text: fat

text: from

text: milk

text: usually

text: the

text: milk

text: of

text: cows

text: buffalo

text: goats

text: or

text: sheep

text: During

text: production

text: the

text: milk

text: is

text: usually

text: acidified

text: and

text: adding

text: the

text: enzyme

text: rennet

text: causes

text: coagulation

text: The

text: solids

text: are

text: separated

text: and

text: pressed

text: into

text: final

text: form

text: Some

text: cheeses

text: have

text: molds

text: on

text: the

text: rind

text: or

text: throughout

text: Most

text: cheeses

text: melt

text: at

text: cooking

text: temperature

text: Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times. The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, pigs and cattle, and eventually their use in meat production on an industrial scale.

text: Meat

text: is

text: animal

text: flesh

text: that

text: is

text: eaten

text: as

text: food

text: Humans

text: have

text: hunted

text: and

text: killed

text: animals

text: for

text: meat

text: since

text: prehistoric

text: times

text: The

text: advent

text: of

text: civilization

text: allowed

text: the

text: domestication

text: of

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: chickens

text: sheep

text: pigs

text: and

text: cattle

text: and

text: eventually

text: their

text: use

text: in

text: meat

text: production

text: on

text: an

text: industrial

text: scale

text: A corned beef sandwich is a sandwich prepared with corned beef . The salt beef style corned beef sandwiches are traditionally served with mustard and a pickle .

text: corned

text: beef

text: sandwich

text: is

text: sandwich

text: prepared

text: with

text: corned

text: beef

text: The

text: salt

text: beef

text: style

text: corned

text: beef

text: sandwiches

text: are

text: traditionally

text: served

text: with

text: mustard

text: and

text: pickle

text: Smoked meat is a method of preparing red meat (and fish) which originates in prehistory. Its purpose is to preserve these protein-rich foods, which would otherwise spoil quickly, for long periods. There are two mechanisms for this preservation: dehydration and the antibacterial properties of phenols and other chemicals in the absorbed smoke. In modern days, the enhanced flavor of smoked foods makes them a delicacy in many cultures.

text: Smoked

text: meat

text: is

text: method

text: of

text: preparing

text: red

text: meat

text: and

text: fish

text: which

text: originates

text: in

text: prehistory

text: Its

text: purpose

text: is

text: to

text: preserve

text: these

text: protein

text: rich

text: foods

text: which

text: would

text: otherwise

text: spoil

text: quickly

text: for

text: long

text: periods

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: mechanisms

text: for

text: this

text: preservation

text: dehydration

text: and

text: the

text: antibacterial

text: properties

text: of

text: phenols

text: and

text: other

text: chemicals

text: in

text: the

text: absorbed

text: smoke

text: In

text: modern

text: days

text: the

text: enhanced

text: flavor

text: of

text: smoked

text: foods

text: makes

text: them

text: delicacy

text: in

text: many

text: cultures

text:
Corned beef is a salt-cured beef product. The term comes from the treatment of the meat with large grained rock salt, also called "corns" of salt. It features as an ingredient in many cuisines. Most recipes include nitrates or nitrites, which convert the natural myoglobin in beef to nitroso-myoglobin, giving a pink color. Nitrates and nitrites reduce the risk of dangerous botulism during curing, by inhibiting the growth of Clostridium botulinum spores. Beef cured with salt only has a gray color, and is sometimes called "New England corned beef." Often sugar and spices are also added to recipes for corned beef.
It was popular during both World Wars, when fresh meat was rationed. Corned beef remains popular in the United Kingdom and countries with British culinary traditions and is commonly used in sandwiches, corned beef hash or eaten with chips and pickles. It also remains especially popular in Canada in a variety of dishes, perhaps most prominently Montreal smoked meat.

text: Corned

text: beef

text: is

text: salt

text: cured

text: beef

text: product

text: The

text: term

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: treatment

text: of

text: the

text: meat

text: with

text: large

text: grained

text: rock

text: salt

text: also

text: called

text: corns

text: of

text: salt

text: It

text: features

text: as

text: an

text: ingredient

text: in

text: many

text: cuisines

text: Most

text: recipes

text: include

text: nitrates

text: or

text: nitrites

text: which

text: convert

text: the

text: natural

text: myoglobin

text: in

text: beef

text: to

text: nitroso

text: myoglobin

text: giving

text: pink

text: color

text: Nitrates

text: and

text: nitrites

text: reduce

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: dangerous

text: botulism

text: during

text: curing

text: by

text: inhibiting

text: the

text: growth

text: of

text: Clostridium

text: botulinum

text: spores

text: Beef

text: cured

text: with

text: salt

text: only

text: has

text: gray

text: color

text: and

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: New

text: England

text: corned

text: beef

text: Often

text: sugar

text: and

text: spices

text: are

text: also

text: added

text: to

text: recipes

text: for

text: corned

text: beef

text: It

text: was

text: popular

text: during

text: both

text: World

text: Wars

text: when

text: fresh

text: meat

text: was

text: rationed

text: Corned

text: beef

text: remains

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: countries

text: with

text: British

text: culinary

text: traditions

text: and

text: is

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: sandwiches

text: corned

text: beef

text: hash

text: or

text: eaten

text: with

text: chips

text: and

text: pickles

text: It

text: also

text: remains

text: especially

text: popular

text: in

text: Canada

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: dishes

text: perhaps

text: most

text: prominently

text: Montreal

text: smoked

text: meat

text: Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle. Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times. Beef is a complete source of protein (meaning that it provides all 20 of the amino acids), and provides many of the essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that humans need.

text: Beef

text: is

text: the

text: culinary

text: name

text: for

text: meat

text: from

text: cattle

text: Humans

text: have

text: been

text: eating

text: beef

text: since

text: prehistoric

text: times

text: Beef

text: is

text: complete

text: source

text: of

text: protein

text: meaning

text: that

text: it

text: provides

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: amino

text: acids

text: and

text: provides

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: essential

text: fatty

text: acids

text: vitamins

text: and

text: minerals

text: that

text: humans

text: need

text: New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeast United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and south, and the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north, respectively. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the south. Boston is its largest city. Its largest metropolitan area is Greater Boston, which also includes Worcester (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester (the largest city in New Hampshire), and Providence (the capital and largest city of Rhode Island), with nearly a third of the entire region's population.

text: New

text: England

text: is

text: geographical

text: region

text: comprising

text: six

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: northeast

text: United

text: States

text: Connecticut

text: Maine

text: Massachusetts

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: and

text: Vermont

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: of

text: New

text: Brunswick

text: and

text: Quebec

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: north

text: respectively

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: and

text: Long

text: Island

text: Sound

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Boston

text: is

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: Its

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: Greater

text: Boston

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: Worcester

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: New

text: England

text: Manchester

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: and

text: Providence

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: with

text: nearly

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: region

text: 's

text: population

text: In everyday usage, a vegetable is any part of a plant that is consumed by humans as food as part of a savory meal. The term "vegetable" is somewhat arbitrary, and largely defined through culinary and cultural tradition. It normally excludes other food derived from plants such as fruits, nuts, and cereal grains, but includes seeds such as pulses. The original meaning of the word "vegetable", still used in biology, was to describe all types of plant, as in the terms "vegetable kingdom" and "vegetable matter".

text: In

text: everyday

text: usage

text: vegetable

text: is

text: any

text: part

text: of

text: plant

text: that

text: is

text: consumed

text: by

text: humans

text: as

text: food

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: savory

text: meal

text: The

text: term

text: vegetable

text: is

text: somewhat

text: arbitrary

text: and

text: largely

text: defined

text: through

text: culinary

text: and

text: cultural

text: tradition

text: It

text: normally

text: excludes

text: other

text: food

text: derived

text: from

text: plants

text: such

text: as

text: fruits

text: nuts

text: and

text: cereal

text: grains

text: but

text: includes

text: seeds

text: such

text: as

text: pulses

text: The

text: original

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: word

text: vegetable

text: still

text: used

text: in

text: biology

text: was

text: to

text: describe

text: all

text: types

text: of

text: plant

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: terms

text: vegetable

text: kingdom

text: and

text: vegetable

text: matter

text: Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour and water, usually by baking. Throughout recorded history it has been popular around the world and is one of the oldest artificial foods, having been of importance since the dawn of agriculture.

text: Bread

text: is

text: staple

text: food

text: prepared

text: from

text: dough

text: of

text: flour

text: and

text: water

text: usually

text: by

text: baking

text: Throughout

text: recorded

text: history

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: popular

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: artificial

text: foods

text: having

text: been

text: of

text: importance

text: since

text: the

text: dawn

text: of

text: agriculture

text:
Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals. It is related to hemoglobin, which is the iron- and oxygen-binding protein in blood, specifically in the red blood cells. In humans, myoglobin is only found in the bloodstream after muscle injury. It is an abnormal finding, and can be diagnostically relevant when found in blood.
Myoglobin is the primary oxygen-carrying pigment of muscle tissues. High concentrations of myoglobin in muscle cells allow organisms to hold their breath for a longer period of time. Diving mammals such as whales and seals have muscles with particularly high abundance of myoglobin. Myoglobin is found in Type I muscle, Type II A and Type II B, but most texts consider myoglobin not to be found in smooth muscle.

text: Myoglobin

text: symbol

text: Mb

text: or

text: MB

text: is

text: an

text: iron-

text: and

text: oxygen

text: binding

text: protein

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: muscle

text: tissue

text: of

text: vertebrates

text: in

text: general

text: and

text: in

text: almost

text: all

text: mammals

text: It

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: hemoglobin

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: iron-

text: and

text: oxygen

text: binding

text: protein

text: in

text: blood

text: specifically

text: in

text: the

text: red

text: blood

text: cells

text: In

text: humans

text: myoglobin

text: is

text: only

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: after

text: muscle

text: injury

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: abnormal

text: finding

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: diagnostically

text: relevant

text: when

text: found

text: in

text: blood

text: Myoglobin

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: oxygen

text: carrying

text: pigment

text: of

text: muscle

text: tissues

text: High

text: concentrations

text: of

text: myoglobin

text: in

text: muscle

text: cells

text: allow

text: organisms

text: to

text: hold

text: their

text: breath

text: for

text: longer

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: Diving

text: mammals

text: such

text: as

text: whales

text: and

text: seals

text: have

text: muscles

text: with

text: particularly

text: high

text: abundance

text: of

text: myoglobin

text: Myoglobin

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: Type

text: muscle

text: Type

text: II

text: and

text: Type

text: II

text: but

text: most

text: texts

text: consider

text: myoglobin

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: smooth

text: muscle

text:
Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by a toxin, produced by the bacterium "Clostridium botulinum". The disease begins with weakness, trouble seeing, feeling tired, and trouble speaking. This may then be followed by weakness of the arms, chest muscles, and legs. The disease does not usually affect consciousness or cause a fever.
Botulism can be spread several different ways. The bacterial spores which cause it are common in both soil and water. They produce the botulinum toxin when exposed to low oxygen levels and certain temperatures. Foodborne botulism happens when food containing the toxin is eaten. Infant botulism happens when the bacteria develops in the intestines and releases the toxin. This typically only occurs in children less than six months old, as protective mechanisms develop after that time. Wound botulism is found most often among those who inject street drugs. In this situation, spores enter a wound, and in the absence of oxygen, release the toxin. It is not passed directly between people. The diagnosis is confirmed by finding the toxin or bacteria in the person in question.
Prevention is primarily by proper food preparation. The toxin, though not the organism, is destroyed by heating it to more than for longer than 5 minutes. Honey can contain the organism, and for this reason, honey should not be fed to children under 12 months. Treatment is with an antitoxin. In those who lose their ability to breathe on their own, mechanical ventilation may be necessary for months. Antibiotics may be used for wound botulism. Death occurs in 5 to 10% of people. Botulism can affect many other animals. The word is from Latin, "botulus", meaning sausage. Early descriptions of botulism date from at least as far back as 1793 in Germany.

text: Botulism

text: is

text: rare

text: and

text: potentially

text: fatal

text: illness

text: caused

text: by

text: toxin

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: bacterium

text: Clostridium

text: botulinum

text: The

text: disease

text: begins

text: with

text: weakness

text: trouble

text: seeing

text: feeling

text: tired

text: and

text: trouble

text: speaking

text: This

text: may

text: then

text: be

text: followed

text: by

text: weakness

text: of

text: the

text: arms

text: chest

text: muscles

text: and

text: legs

text: The

text: disease

text: does

text: not

text: usually

text: affect

text: consciousness

text: or

text: cause

text: fever

text: Botulism

text: can

text: be

text: spread

text: several

text: different

text: ways

text: The

text: bacterial

text: spores

text: which

text: cause

text: it

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: both

text: soil

text: and

text: water

text: They

text: produce

text: the

text: botulinum

text: toxin

text: when

text: exposed

text: to

text: low

text: oxygen

text: levels

text: and

text: certain

text: temperatures

text: Foodborne

text: botulism

text: happens

text: when

text: food

text: containing

text: the

text: toxin

text: is

text: eaten

text: Infant

text: botulism

text: happens

text: when

text: the

text: bacteria

text: develops

text: in

text: the

text: intestines

text: and

text: releases

text: the

text: toxin

text: This

text: typically

text: only

text: occurs

text: in

text: children

text: less

text: than

text: six

text: months

text: old

text: as

text: protective

text: mechanisms

text: develop

text: after

text: that

text: time

text: Wound

text: botulism

text: is

text: found

text: most

text: often

text: among

text: those

text: who

text: inject

text: street

text: drugs

text: In

text: this

text: situation

text: spores

text: enter

text: wound

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: oxygen

text: release

text: the

text: toxin

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: passed

text: directly

text: between

text: people

text: The

text: diagnosis

text: is

text: confirmed

text: by

text: finding

text: the

text: toxin

text: or

text: bacteria

text: in

text: the

text: person

text: in

text: question

text: Prevention

text: is

text: primarily

text: by

text: proper

text: food

text: preparation

text: The

text: toxin

text: though

text: not

text: the

text: organism

text: is

text: destroyed

text: by

text: heating

text: it

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: for

text: longer

text: than

text: minutes

text: Honey

text: can

text: contain

text: the

text: organism

text: and

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: honey

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: fed

text: to

text: children

text: under

text: months

text: Treatment

text: is

text: with

text: an

text: antitoxin

text: In

text: those

text: who

text: lose

text: their

text: ability

text: to

text: breathe

text: on

text: their

text: own

text: mechanical

text: ventilation

text: may

text: be

text: necessary

text: for

text: months

text: Antibiotics

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: wound

text: botulism

text: Death

text: occurs

text: in

text: to

text: of

text: people

text: Botulism

text: can

text: affect

text: many

text: other

text: animals

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: from

text: Latin

text: botulus

text: meaning

text: sausage

text: Early

text: descriptions

text: of

text: botulism

text: date

text: from

text: at

text: least

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: in

text: Germany

text: Finger food is food meant to be eaten directly using the hands, in contrast to food eaten with a knife and fork, spoon, chopsticks, or other utensils. In some cultures, food is almost always eaten with the hands; for example, Ethiopian cuisine is eaten by rolling various dishes up in "injera" bread. In the South Asian subcontinent, food is traditionally always eaten with hands. Foods considered street foods are frequently, though not exclusively, finger foods.

text: Finger

text: food

text: is

text: food

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: eaten

text: directly

text: using

text: the

text: hands

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: food

text: eaten

text: with

text: knife

text: and

text: fork

text: spoon

text: chopsticks

text: or

text: other

text: utensils

text: In

text: some

text: cultures

text: food

text: is

text: almost

text: always

text: eaten

text: with

text: the

text: hands

text: for

text: example

text: Ethiopian

text: cuisine

text: is

text: eaten

text: by

text: rolling

text: various

text: dishes

text: up

text: in

text: injera

text: bread

text: In

text: the

text: South

text: Asian

text: subcontinent

text: food

text: is

text: traditionally

text: always

text: eaten

text: with

text: hands

text: Foods

text: considered

text: street

text: foods

text: are

text: frequently

text: though

text: not

text: exclusively

text: finger

text: foods

text: A sandwich is a food item consisting of one or more types of food, such as vegetables, sliced cheese or meat, placed on or between slices of bread, or more generally any dish wherein two or more pieces of bread serve as a container or wrapper for some other food. The sandwich was originally a portable food item or finger food which began to be popular in the Western World. Today sandwiches in various versions are found worldwide.

text: sandwich

text: is

text: food

text: item

text: consisting

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: types

text: of

text: food

text: such

text: as

text: vegetables

text: sliced

text: cheese

text: or

text: meat

text: placed

text: on

text: or

text: between

text: slices

text: of

text: bread

text: or

text: more

text: generally

text: any

text: dish

text: wherein

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: pieces

text: of

text: bread

text: serve

text: as

text: container

text: or

text: wrapper

text: for

text: some

text: other

text: food

text: The

text: sandwich

text: was

text: originally

text: portable

text: food

text: item

text: or

text: finger

text: food

text: which

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: World

text: Today

text: sandwiches

text: in

text: various

text: versions

text: are

text: found

text: worldwide

text: The Western world or the West is a term usually referring to different nations, depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe. There are many accepted definitions about what they all have in common. The Western world is also known as the Occident (from Latin: "occidens" "sunset, West", as contrasted with Orient).

text: The

text: Western

text: world

text: or

text: the

text: West

text: is

text: term

text: usually

text: referring

text: to

text: different

text: nations

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: context

text: most

text: often

text: including

text: at

text: least

text: part

text: of

text: Europe

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: accepted

text: definitions

text: about

text: what

text: they

text: all

text: have

text: in

text: common

text: The

text: Western

text: world

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Occident

text: from

text: Latin

text: occidens

text: sunset

text: West

text: as

text: contrasted

text: with

text: Orient

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: has_part corned beef sandwich

answer: bread

text: bread

text: bread

text: bread

text: bread


text: The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany's subsequent counter-blockade. It was at its height from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943. The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the "Kriegsmarine" (German navy) and aircraft of the "Luftwaffe" (German Air Force) against the Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Navy, the United States Navy, and Allied merchant shipping. The convoys, coming mainly from North America and predominantly going to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, were protected for the most part by the British and Canadian navies and air forces. These forces were aided by ships and aircraft of the United States from September 13, 1941. The Germans were joined by submarines of the Italian Royal Navy ("Regia Marina") after their Axis ally Italy entered the war on June 10, 1940.

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: was

text: the

text: longest

text: continuous

text: military

text: campaign

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: running

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: defeat

text: of

text: Germany

text: in

text: At

text: its

text: core

text: was

text: the

text: Allied

text: naval

text: blockade

text: of

text: Germany

text: announced

text: the

text: day

text: after

text: the

text: declaration

text: of

text: war

text: and

text: Germany

text: 's

text: subsequent

text: counter

text: blockade

text: It

text: was

text: at

text: its

text: height

text: from

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: pitted

text: boats

text: and

text: other

text: warships

text: of

text: the

text: Kriegsmarine

text: German

text: navy

text: and

text: aircraft

text: of

text: the

text: Luftwaffe

text: German

text: Air

text: Force

text: against

text: the

text: Royal

text: Canadian

text: Navy

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Navy

text: and

text: Allied

text: merchant

text: shipping

text: The

text: convoys

text: coming

text: mainly

text: from

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: predominantly

text: going

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: were

text: protected

text: for

text: the

text: most

text: part

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: Canadian

text: navies

text: and

text: air

text: forces

text: These

text: forces

text: were

text: aided

text: by

text: ships

text: and

text: aircraft

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: September

text: The

text: Germans

text: were

text: joined

text: by

text: submarines

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: Regia

text: Marina

text: after

text: their

text: Axis

text: ally

text: Italy

text: entered

text: the

text: war

text: on

text: June

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: A merchant aircraft carrier (also known as a MAC) was a limited purpose aircraft carrier built on a British hull designed for bulk grain ships and oil tankers. This was adapted by adding a flight deck enabling it to operate anti-submarine aircraft in support of Allied convoys during the Battle of the Atlantic during World War II.

text: merchant

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: MAC

text: was

text: limited

text: purpose

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: built

text: on

text: British

text: hull

text: designed

text: for

text: bulk

text: grain

text: ships

text: and

text: oil

text: tankers

text: This

text: was

text: adapted

text: by

text: adding

text: flight

text: deck

text: enabling

text: it

text: to

text: operate

text: anti

text: submarine

text: aircraft

text: in

text: support

text: of

text: Allied

text: convoys

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: MV Empire MacMahon was an oil tanker converted to a merchant aircraft carrier or MAC ship . MV Empire MacMahon was built by Swan Hunter , Wallsend under order from the Ministry of War Transport . She entered service as a MAC ship in December 1943 , however only her air crew and the necessary maintenance staff were naval personnel . She was operated by Anglo - Saxon Petroleum Co. She returned to merchant service as an oil tanker in 1946 and renamed Naninia and was eventually scrapped in Hong Kong in 1960 .

text: MV

text: Empire

text: MacMahon

text: was

text: an

text: oil

text: tanker

text: converted

text: to

text: merchant

text: aircraft

text: carrier

text: or

text: MAC

text: ship

text: MV

text: Empire

text: MacMahon

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: Swan

text: Hunter

text: Wallsend

text: under

text: order

text: from

text: the

text: Ministry

text: of

text: War

text: Transport

text: She

text: entered

text: service

text: as

text: MAC

text: ship

text: in

text: December

text: however

text: only

text: her

text: air

text: crew

text: and

text: the

text: necessary

text: maintenance

text: staff

text: were

text: naval

text: personnel

text: She

text: was

text: operated

text: by

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: Petroleum

text: Co.

text: She

text: returned

text: to

text: merchant

text: service

text: as

text: an

text: oil

text: tanker

text: in

text: and

text: renamed

text: Naninia

text: and

text: was

text: eventually

text: scrapped

text: in

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: in

annotations: likely multiple

question: operator mv empire macmahon

answer: royal navy

text: royal navy

text: royal navy


text: Asnières-sur-Seine is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France, along the river Seine. It is located from the center of Paris.

text: Asnières

text: sur

text: Seine

text: is

text: commune

text: in

text: the

text: northwestern

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Paris

text: France

text: along

text: the

text: river

text: Seine

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: from

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: Paris

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: Paul Jules André Marion ( 27 June 1899 , Asnières - sur - Seine -- 2 March 1954 ) was a French Communist and subsequently far right journalist and political activist . He served as the French Minister of Information from 1941 to 1944 .

text: Paul

text: Jules

text: André

text: Marion

text: June

text: Asnières

text: sur

text: Seine

text: March

text: was

text: French

text: Communist

text: and

text: subsequently

text: far

text: right

text: journalist

text: and

text: political

text: activist

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: French

text: Minister

text: of

text: Information

text: from

text: to

text: Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France.

text: Paris

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: within

text: its

text: administrative

text: limits

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: both

text: commune

text: and

text: department

text: and

text: forms

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: or

text: Paris

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: comprising

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: France

text: The Seine is a long river and an important commercial waterway within the Paris Basin in the north of France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre (and Honfleur on the left bank). It is navigable by ocean-going vessels as far as Rouen, from the sea. Over 60 percent of its length, as far as Burgundy, is negotiable by commercial riverboats and nearly its whole length is available for recreational boating; excursion boats offer sightseeing tours of the "Rive Droite" and "Rive Gauche" within the city of Paris.

text: The

text: Seine

text: is

text: long

text: river

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: commercial

text: waterway

text: within

text: the

text: Paris

text: Basin

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: rises

text: at

text: Source

text: Seine

text: northwest

text: of

text: Dijon

text: in

text: northeastern

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Langres

text: plateau

text: flowing

text: through

text: Paris

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: at

text: Le

text: Havre

text: and

text: Honfleur

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: bank

text: It

text: is

text: navigable

text: by

text: ocean

text: going

text: vessels

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Rouen

text: from

text: the

text: sea

text: Over

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: length

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Burgundy

text: is

text: negotiable

text: by

text: commercial

text: riverboats

text: and

text: nearly

text: its

text: whole

text: length

text: is

text: available

text: for

text: recreational

text: boating

text: excursion

text: boats

text: offer

text: sightseeing

text: tours

text: of

text: the

text: Rive

text: Droite

text: and

text: Rive

text: Gauche

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Paris

question: place_of_death paul marion

answer: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris