text: The University of Chicago (U of C, Chicago, or UChicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the world's leading and most influential institutions of higher learning, with top-ten positions in numerous rankings and measures.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: of

text: Chicago

text: or

text: UChicago

text: is

text: private

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: leading

text: and

text: most

text: influential

text: institutions

text: of

text: higher

text: learning

text: with

text: top

text: ten

text: positions

text: in

text: numerous

text: rankings

text: and

text: measures

text: A research university is a university that expects all its tenured and tenure-track faculty to continuously engage in research, as opposed to merely requiring it as a condition of an initial appointment or tenure. Such universities can be recognized by their strong focus on innovative research and the prestige of their brand names. On the one hand, research universities strive to recruit faculty who are the most brilliant minds in their disciplines in the world, and their students enjoy the opportunity to learn from such experts. On the other hand, new students are often disappointed to realize their undergraduate courses at research universities are overly academic and fail to provide vocational training with immediate "real world" applications; but many employers value degrees from research universities because they know that such coursework develops fundamental skills like critical thinking.

text: research

text: university

text: is

text: university

text: that

text: expects

text: all

text: its

text: tenured

text: and

text: tenure

text: track

text: faculty

text: to

text: continuously

text: engage

text: in

text: research

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: merely

text: requiring

text: it

text: as

text: condition

text: of

text: an

text: initial

text: appointment

text: or

text: tenure

text: Such

text: universities

text: can

text: be

text: recognized

text: by

text: their

text: strong

text: focus

text: on

text: innovative

text: research

text: and

text: the

text: prestige

text: of

text: their

text: brand

text: names

text: On

text: the

text: one

text: hand

text: research

text: universities

text: strive

text: to

text: recruit

text: faculty

text: who

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: brilliant

text: minds

text: in

text: their

text: disciplines

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: their

text: students

text: enjoy

text: the

text: opportunity

text: to

text: learn

text: from

text: such

text: experts

text: On

text: the

text: other

text: hand

text: new

text: students

text: are

text: often

text: disappointed

text: to

text: realize

text: their

text: undergraduate

text: courses

text: at

text: research

text: universities

text: are

text: overly

text: academic

text: and

text: fail

text: to

text: provide

text: vocational

text: training

text: with

text: immediate

text: real

text: world

text: applications

text: but

text: many

text: employers

text: value

text: degrees

text: from

text: research

text: universities

text: because

text: they

text: know

text: that

text: such

text: coursework

text: develops

text: fundamental

text: skills

text: like

text: critical

text: thinking

text: The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (17751783)before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: USA

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: and

text: performs

text: land

text: based

text: military

text: operations

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: uniformed

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Section

text: Clause

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: Subtitle

text: Chapter

text: Section

text: As

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: senior

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: the

text: modern

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: June

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: U.S.

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: country

text: After

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: created

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: on

text: June

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: disbanded

text: Continental

text: Army

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: considers

text: itself

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: and

text: dates

text: its

text: institutional

text: inception

text: from

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: that

text: armed

text: force

text: in

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: Karl Marx (5 May 1818  14 March 1883) was a German-born scientist, philosopher, economist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. Born in Trier to a middle-class family, he later studied political economy and Hegelian philosophy. As an adult, Marx became stateless and spent much of his life in London, England, where he continued to develop his thought in collaboration with German thinker Friedrich Engels and published various works, the most well-known being the 1848 pamphlet "The Communist Manifesto". His work has since influenced subsequent intellectual, economic, and political history.

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: May

text: March

text: was

text: German

text: born

text: scientist

text: philosopher

text: economist

text: sociologist

text: journalist

text: and

text: revolutionary

text: socialist

text: Born

text: in

text: Trier

text: to

text: middle

text: class

text: family

text: he

text: later

text: studied

text: political

text: economy

text: and

text: Hegelian

text: philosophy

text: As

text: an

text: adult

text: Marx

text: became

text: stateless

text: and

text: spent

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: in

text: London

text: England

text: where

text: he

text: continued

text: to

text: develop

text: his

text: thought

text: in

text: collaboration

text: with

text: German

text: thinker

text: Friedrich

text: Engels

text: and

text: published

text: various

text: works

text: the

text: most

text: well

text: known

text: being

text: the

text: pamphlet

text: The

text: Communist

text: Manifesto

text: His

text: work

text: has

text: since

text: influenced

text: subsequent

text: intellectual

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: history

text: The Philipp University of Marburg, was founded in 1527 by Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (usually called the Magnanimous, although the updated meaning "haughty" is sometimes given) as one of Germany's oldest universities, dating back to a Protestant foundation. As a state university it no longer has any religious affiliation.

text: The

text: Philipp

text: University

text: of

text: Marburg

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Philip

text: Landgrave

text: of

text: Hesse

text: usually

text: called

text: the

text: Magnanimous

text: although

text: the

text: updated

text: meaning

text: haughty

text: is

text: sometimes

text: given

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: Germany

text: 's

text: oldest

text: universities

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: Protestant

text: foundation

text: As

text: state

text: university

text: it

text: no

text: longer

text: has

text: any

text: religious

text: affiliation

text: Karl Emil Maximilian "Max" Weber (21 April 1864  14 June 1920) was a Prussian and German sociologist, philosopher, jurist, and political economist whose ideas profoundly influenced social theory and social research. Weber is often cited, with Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx, as among the three founders of sociology. Weber was a key proponent of methodological antipositivism, arguing for the study of social action through interpretive (rather than purely empiricist) means, based on understanding the purpose and meaning that individuals attach to their own actions. Unlike Durkheim, he did not believe in monocausality and rather proposed that for any outcome there can be multiple causes.

text: Karl

text: Emil

text: Maximilian

text: Max

text: Weber

text: April

text: June

text: was

text: Prussian

text: and

text: German

text: sociologist

text: philosopher

text: jurist

text: and

text: political

text: economist

text: whose

text: ideas

text: profoundly

text: influenced

text: social

text: theory

text: and

text: social

text: research

text: Weber

text: is

text: often

text: cited

text: with

text: Émile

text: Durkheim

text: and

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: as

text: among

text: the

text: three

text: founders

text: of

text: sociology

text: Weber

text: was

text: key

text: proponent

text: of

text: methodological

text: antipositivism

text: arguing

text: for

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: social

text: action

text: through

text: interpretive

text: rather

text: than

text: purely

text: empiricist

text: means

text: based

text: on

text: understanding

text: the

text: purpose

text: and

text: meaning

text: that

text: individuals

text: attach

text: to

text: their

text: own

text: actions

text: Unlike

text: Durkheim

text: he

text: did

text: not

text: believe

text: in

text: monocausality

text: and

text: rather

text: proposed

text: that

text: for

text: any

text: outcome

text: there

text: can

text: be

text: multiple

text: causes

text: Hesse or Hessia (, Hessian dialect: "Hesse" ) is a federal state ("Land") of the Federal Republic of Germany, with just over six million inhabitants. The state capital is Wiesbaden; the largest city is Frankfurt am Main. Until the formation of the German Reich in 1871, Hesse was an independent country ruled by a Grand Duke (Grand Duchy of Hesse). Due to divisions after World War II, the modern federal state does not cover the entire cultural region of Hesse which includes both the State of Hesse and the area known as Rhenish Hesse (Rheinhessen) in the neighbouring state of Rhineland-Palatinate.

text: Hesse

text: or

text: Hessia

text: Hessian

text: dialect

text: Hesse

text: is

text: federal

text: state

text: Land

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: with

text: just

text: over

text: six

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Wiesbaden

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Frankfurt

text: am

text: Main

text: Until

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Reich

text: in

text: Hesse

text: was

text: an

text: independent

text: country

text: ruled

text: by

text: Grand

text: Duke

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Hesse

text: Due

text: to

text: divisions

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: modern

text: federal

text: state

text: does

text: not

text: cover

text: the

text: entire

text: cultural

text: region

text: of

text: Hesse

text: which

text: includes

text: both

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Hesse

text: and

text: the

text: area

text: known

text: as

text: Rhenish

text: Hesse

text: Rheinhessen

text: in

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: state

text: of

text: Rhineland

text: Palatinate

text: Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504  31 March 1567), nicknamed "" ("the magnanimous") was a leading champion of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany.

text: Philip

text: Landgrave

text: of

text: Hesse

text: November

text: March

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: magnanimous

text: was

text: leading

text: champion

text: of

text: the

text: Protestant

text: Reformation

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Protestant

text: rulers

text: in

text: Germany

text: Prussia was a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and centred on the region of Prussia. For centuries, the House of ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organised and effective army. Prussia, with its capital in and from 1701 in Berlin, shaped the history of Germany. In 1871, German states united to create the German Empire under Prussian leadership. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the German Revolution of 191819. The Kingdom of Prussia was thus abolished in favour of a republicthe Free State of Prussia, a state of Germany from 1918 until 1933. From 1933, Prussia lost its independence as a result of the Prussian coup, when the Nazi regime was successfully establishing its ' laws in pursuit of a unitary state. With the end of the Nazi regime, the division of Germany into allied-occupation zones and the separation of its territories east of the line, which were incorporated into Poland and the Soviet Union, the State of Prussia ceased to exist de facto in 1945. Prussia existed "" until its formal liquidation by the Allied Control Council Enactment No. 46 of 25 February 1947.

text: Prussia

text: was

text: historic

text: state

text: originating

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: the

text: Margraviate

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: and

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Prussia

text: For

text: centuries

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: ruled

text: Prussia

text: successfully

text: expanding

text: its

text: size

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: an

text: unusually

text: well

text: organised

text: and

text: effective

text: army

text: Prussia

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: in

text: and

text: from

text: in

text: Berlin

text: shaped

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Germany

text: In

text: German

text: states

text: united

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: under

text: Prussian

text: leadership

text: In

text: November

text: the

text: monarchies

text: were

text: abolished

text: and

text: the

text: nobility

text: lost

text: its

text: political

text: power

text: during

text: the

text: German

text: Revolution

text: of

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: was

text: thus

text: abolished

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: republicthe

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Prussia

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: from

text: until

text: From

text: Prussia

text: lost

text: its

text: independence

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: coup

text: when

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: was

text: successfully

text: establishing

text: its

text: laws

text: in

text: pursuit

text: of

text: unitary

text: state

text: With

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: Germany

text: into

text: allied

text: occupation

text: zones

text: and

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: its

text: territories

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: which

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Prussia

text: ceased

text: to

text: exist

text: de

text: facto

text: in

text: Prussia

text: existed

text: until

text: its

text: formal

text: liquidation

text: by

text: the

text: Allied

text: Control

text: Council

text: Enactment

text: No

text: of

text: February

text: David Émile Durkheim (; April 15, 1858  November 15, 1917) was a French sociologist, social psychologist and philosopher. He formally established the academic discipline andwith Karl Marx and Max Weberis commonly cited as the principal architect of modern social science and father of sociology.

text: David

text: Émile

text: Durkheim

text: April

text: November

text: was

text: French

text: sociologist

text: social

text: psychologist

text: and

text: philosopher

text: He

text: formally

text: established

text: the

text: academic

text: discipline

text: andwith

text: Karl

text: Marx

text: and

text: Max

text: Weberis

text: commonly

text: cited

text: as

text: the

text: principal

text: architect

text: of

text: modern

text: social

text: science

text: and

text: father

text: of

text: sociology

text: Social Action (AS), previously known as Freedom of Action ("Libertà di Azione", LdA), was a national-conservative political party in Italy, founded and led by maverick politician Alessandra Mussolini, who is the granddaughter of Benito Mussolini. The party became a faction within Silvio Berlusconi's People of Freedom party.

text: Social

text: Action

text: AS

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: Freedom

text: of

text: Action

text: Libertà

text: di

text: Azione

text: LdA

text: was

text: national

text: conservative

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: Italy

text: founded

text: and

text: led

text: by

text: maverick

text: politician

text: Alessandra

text: Mussolini

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: granddaughter

text: of

text: Benito

text: Mussolini

text: The

text: party

text: became

text: faction

text: within

text: Silvio

text: Berlusconi

text: 's

text: People

text: of

text: Freedom

text: party

text: Dirk Kaesler ( born in Wiesbaden on 19 October 1944 as Dirk Käsler ) is a German sociologist and Max Weber expert . Now retired , he was formerly Professor of Sociology at the University of Marburg . He is the author of Max Weber : An Introduction to his Life and Work , first published by the University of Chicago Press in 1988 .

text: Dirk

text: Kaesler

text: born

text: in

text: Wiesbaden

text: on

text: October

text: as

text: Dirk

text: Käsler

text: is

text: German

text: sociologist

text: and

text: Max

text: Weber

text: expert

text: Now

text: retired

text: he

text: was

text: formerly

text: Professor

text: of

text: Sociology

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Marburg

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: Max

text: Weber

text: An

text: Introduction

text: to

text: his

text: Life

text: and

text: Work

text: first

text: published

text: by

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Press

text: in

text: Wiesbaden is a city in central western Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse. In July 2016, it had about 288,000 inhabitants, plus approximately 19,000 United States citizens (mostly associated with the United States Army). The Wiesbaden urban area is home to approx. 560,000 people.

text: Wiesbaden

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: state

text: of

text: Hesse

text: In

text: July

text: it

text: had

text: about

text: inhabitants

text: plus

text: approximately

text: United

text: States

text: citizens

text: mostly

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: The

text: Wiesbaden

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: approx

text: people

annotations: likely single

question: country_of_citizenship dirk kaesler

answer: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany

text: germany


text: The National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, was formed in 2006 with the merger of the new Museum of Scotland, with collections relating to Scottish antiquities, culture and history, and the adjacent Royal Museum (so renamed in 1995), with collections covering science and technology, natural history, and world cultures. The two connected buildings stand beside each other on Chambers Street, by the intersection with the George IV Bridge, in central Edinburgh. The museum is part of National Museums Scotland. Admission is free.

text: The

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Scotland

text: Edinburgh

text: Scotland

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: Museum

text: of

text: Scotland

text: with

text: collections

text: relating

text: to

text: Scottish

text: antiquities

text: culture

text: and

text: history

text: and

text: the

text: adjacent

text: Royal

text: Museum

text: so

text: renamed

text: in

text: with

text: collections

text: covering

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: natural

text: history

text: and

text: world

text: cultures

text: The

text: two

text: connected

text: buildings

text: stand

text: beside

text: each

text: other

text: on

text: Chambers

text: Street

text: by

text: the

text: intersection

text: with

text: the

text: George

text: IV

text: Bridge

text: in

text: central

text: Edinburgh

text: The

text: museum

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: National

text: Museums

text: Scotland

text: Admission

text: is

text: free

text: The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the sovereign and highest court of the Church of Scotland, and is thus the Church's governing body. It generally meets each year and is chaired by a Moderator elected at the start of the Assembly.

text: The

text: General

text: Assembly

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: is

text: the

text: sovereign

text: and

text: highest

text: court

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: is

text: thus

text: the

text: Church

text: 's

text: governing

text: body

text: It

text: generally

text: meets

text: each

text: year

text: and

text: is

text: chaired

text: by

text: Moderator

text: elected

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Assembly

text: Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 local government council areas. Located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore, it is Scotland's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom. The 2014 official population estimates are 464,990 for the city of Edinburgh, 492,680 for the local authority area, and 1,339,380 for the city region as of 2014 (Edinburgh lies at the heart of the proposed Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region). Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century, Edinburgh is home to the Scottish Parliament and the seat of the monarchy in Scotland. The city is also the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland and home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland, the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery. It is the largest financial centre in the UK after London.

text: Edinburgh

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: local

text: government

text: council

text: areas

text: Located

text: in

text: Lothian

text: on

text: the

text: Firth

text: of

text: Forth

text: 's

text: southern

text: shore

text: it

text: is

text: Scotland

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: official

text: population

text: estimates

text: are

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: for

text: the

text: local

text: authority

text: area

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: city

text: region

text: as

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: proposed

text: Edinburgh

text: and

text: South

text: East

text: Scotland

text: city

text: region

text: Recognised

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Scotland

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: Edinburgh

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: in

text: Scotland

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: annual

text: venue

text: of

text: the

text: General

text: Assembly

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: home

text: to

text: national

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: National

text: Museum

text: of

text: Scotland

text: the

text: National

text: Library

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: the

text: Scottish

text: National

text: Gallery

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: financial

text: centre

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: after

text: London

text: Leith  is a district to the north of the city of Edinburgh at the mouth of the Water of Leith.

text: Leith

text: is

text: district

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Water

text: of

text: Leith

text: The Church of Scotland, known informally by its Scots language name, the Kirk, is the national church of Scotland. Protestant and Presbyterian, its longstanding decision to respect "liberty of opinion in points which do not enter into the substance of the Faith." means it is relatively tolerant of a variety of theological positions, including those who would term themselves conservative and liberal in their doctrine, ethics and interpretation of Scripture.

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: known

text: informally

text: by

text: its

text: Scots

text: language

text: name

text: the

text: Kirk

text: is

text: the

text: national

text: church

text: of

text: Scotland

text: Protestant

text: and

text: Presbyterian

text: its

text: longstanding

text: decision

text: to

text: respect

text: liberty

text: of

text: opinion

text: in

text: points

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: enter

text: into

text: the

text: substance

text: of

text: the

text: Faith

text: means

text: it

text: is

text: relatively

text: tolerant

text: of

text: variety

text: of

text: theological

text: positions

text: including

text: those

text: who

text: would

text: term

text: themselves

text: conservative

text: and

text: liberal

text: in

text: their

text: doctrine

text: ethics

text: and

text: interpretation

text: of

text: Scripture

text: The National Library of Scotland is the legal deposit library of Scotland and is one of the country's National Collections. Its main base is in Edinburgh city centre. The headquarters is on George IV Bridge, between the Old Town and the university quarter. There is also a more modern building (1980s) in a residential area on the south side of the town centre, on Causewayside. This was built to accommodate some of the specialist collections (e.g., map library, science library) and to provide large-scale extra storage.

text: The

text: National

text: Library

text: of

text: Scotland

text: is

text: the

text: legal

text: deposit

text: library

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: National

text: Collections

text: Its

text: main

text: base

text: is

text: in

text: Edinburgh

text: city

text: centre

text: The

text: headquarters

text: is

text: on

text: George

text: IV

text: Bridge

text: between

text: the

text: Old

text: Town

text: and

text: the

text: university

text: quarter

text: There

text: is

text: also

text: more

text: modern

text: building

text: in

text: residential

text: area

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: centre

text: on

text: Causewayside

text: This

text: was

text: built

text: to

text: accommodate

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: specialist

text: collections

text: e.g.

text: map

text: library

text: science

text: library

text: and

text: to

text: provide

text: large

text: scale

text: extra

text: storage

text: The Scottish Parliament (Scots: "The Scots Pairlament"), is the devolved national, unicameral legislature of Scotland. Located in the Holyrood area of the capital city, Edinburgh, it is frequently referred to by the metonym Holyrood.

text: The

text: Scottish

text: Parliament

text: Scots

text: The

text: Scots

text: Pairlament

text: is

text: the

text: devolved

text: national

text: unicameral

text: legislature

text: of

text: Scotland

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Holyrood

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: Edinburgh

text: it

text: is

text: frequently

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: metonym

text: Holyrood

text: The Scottish National Gallery is the national art gallery of Scotland. It is located on The Mound in central Edinburgh, in a neoclassical building designed by William Henry Playfair, and first opened to the public in 1859. The gallery houses the Scottish national collection of fine art, including Scottish and international art from the beginning of the Renaissance up to the start of the 20th century.

text: The

text: Scottish

text: National

text: Gallery

text: is

text: the

text: national

text: art

text: gallery

text: of

text: Scotland

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: The

text: Mound

text: in

text: central

text: Edinburgh

text: in

text: neoclassical

text: building

text: designed

text: by

text: William

text: Henry

text: Playfair

text: and

text: first

text: opened

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: in

text: The

text: gallery

text: houses

text: the

text: Scottish

text: national

text: collection

text: of

text: fine

text: art

text: including

text: Scottish

text: and

text: international

text: art

text: from

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The Water of Leith is the main river flowing through Edinburgh, Scotland, to the port of Leith where it flows into the sea via the Firth of Forth.

text: The

text: Water

text: of

text: Leith

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: river

text: flowing

text: through

text: Edinburgh

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Leith

text: where

text: it

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: sea

text: via

text: the

text: Firth

text: of

text: Forth

text: A burgh was an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland and Northern England, usually a town, or toun in Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United Kingdom. Following local government reorganization in 1975 the title of "royal burgh" remains in use in many towns, but now has little more than ceremonial value.

text: burgh

text: was

text: an

text: autonomous

text: corporate

text: entity

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: Northern

text: England

text: usually

text: town

text: or

text: toun

text: in

text: Scots

text: This

text: type

text: of

text: administrative

text: division

text: existed

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: when

text: King

text: David

text: created

text: the

text: first

text: royal

text: burghs

text: Burgh

text: status

text: was

text: broadly

text: analogous

text: to

text: borough

text: status

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Following

text: local

text: government

text: reorganization

text: in

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: royal

text: burgh

text: remains

text: in

text: use

text: in

text: many

text: towns

text: but

text: now

text: has

text: little

text: more

text: than

text: ceremonial

text: value

text: The Firth of Forth is the estuary (firth) of the River Forth in Scotland, where it flows into the North Sea, between Fife to the north and Lothian to the south. It was known as "Bodotria" in Roman times. In the Norse sagas it was known as the "Myrkvifiörd".

text: The

text: Firth

text: of

text: Forth

text: is

text: the

text: estuary

text: firth

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Forth

text: in

text: Scotland

text: where

text: it

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: between

text: Fife

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Lothian

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Bodotria

text: in

text: Roman

text: times

text: In

text: the

text: Norse

text: sagas

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Myrkvifiörd

text: James `` Jimmy '' Brown ( 1907 -- unknown ) was a Scottish footballer who played at right half - back . Born in Leith , Edinburgh , he spent most of his football career playing in England , for Burnley , Manchester United and Bradford Park Avenue .

text: James

text: Jimmy

text: Brown

text: unknown

text: was

text: Scottish

text: footballer

text: who

text: played

text: at

text: right

text: half

text: back

text: Born

text: in

text: Leith

text: Edinburgh

text: he

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: football

text: career

text: playing

text: in

text: England

text: for

text: Burnley

text: Manchester

text: United

text: and

text: Bradford

text: Park

text: Avenue

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely multiple

question: country_of_citizenship james brown

answer: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland

text: scotland


text: Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and lands represented in the Imperial Council, or "Cisleithania") and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or "Transleithania") that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867. Austria-Hungary consisted of two monarchies (Austria and Hungary), and one autonomous region: the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown, which negotiated the CroatianHungarian Settlement ("Nagodba") in 1868. It was ruled by the House of Habsburg, and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. Following the 1867 reforms, the Austrian and the Hungarian states were co-equal. Foreign affairs and the military came under joint oversight, but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states.

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: in

text: English

text: language

text: sources

text: was

text: constitutional

text: union

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: the

text: Kingdoms

text: and

text: lands

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: Imperial

text: Council

text: or

text: Cisleithania

text: and

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hungary

text: Lands

text: of

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: Saint

text: Stephen

text: or

text: Transleithania

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: it

text: collapsed

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: defeat

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: The

text: union

text: was

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Compromise

text: of

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: existence

text: on

text: March

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: consisted

text: of

text: two

text: monarchies

text: Austria

text: and

text: Hungary

text: and

text: one

text: autonomous

text: region

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Croatia

text: Slavonia

text: under

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: crown

text: which

text: negotiated

text: the

text: CroatianHungarian

text: Settlement

text: Nagodba

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: and

text: constituted

text: the

text: last

text: phase

text: in

text: the

text: constitutional

text: evolution

text: of

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Monarchy

text: Following

text: the

text: reforms

text: the

text: Austrian

text: and

text: the

text: Hungarian

text: states

text: were

text: co

text: equal

text: Foreign

text: affairs

text: and

text: the

text: military

text: came

text: under

text: joint

text: oversight

text: but

text: all

text: other

text: governmental

text: faculties

text: were

text: divided

text: between

text: respective

text: states

text: Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Jawi: ), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its coastline with the South China Sea, the country is completely surrounded by the state of Sarawak, Malaysia. It is separated into two parts by the Sarawak district of Limbang. Brunei is the only sovereign state completely on the island of Borneo; the remainder of the island's territory is divided between the nations of Malaysia and Indonesia. Brunei's population was 408,786 in July 2012.

text: Brunei

text: officially

text: the

text: Nation

text: of

text: Brunei

text: the

text: Abode

text: of

text: Peace

text: Jawi

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Borneo

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Apart

text: from

text: its

text: coastline

text: with

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: completely

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Sarawak

text: Malaysia

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: into

text: two

text: parts

text: by

text: the

text: Sarawak

text: district

text: of

text: Limbang

text: Brunei

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: sovereign

text: state

text: completely

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Borneo

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: territory

text: is

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: nations

text: of

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Brunei

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: July

text:
The House of Lorraine originated as a cadet branch of the House of Metz. It inherited the Duchy of Lorraine in 1473 after the death of duke Nicholas I without a male heir.
By the marriage of Francis of Lorraine to Maria Theresa in 1736, and with the success in the ensuing War of the Austrian Succession, the House of Lorraine was joined to the House of Habsburg, and was now known as Habsburg-Lorraine (German: "Habsburg-Lothringen").
Francis, his sons Joseph II and Leopold II, and grandson Francis II were the last four Holy Roman Emperors from 1745 to the dissolution of the empire in 1806.
Habsburg-Lorraine inherited the Habsburg Empire, ruling the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary until the dissolution of the monarchy in 1918.

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Lorraine

text: originated

text: as

text: cadet

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Metz

text: It

text: inherited

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lorraine

text: in

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: duke

text: Nicholas

text: without

text: male

text: heir

text: By

text: the

text: marriage

text: of

text: Francis

text: of

text: Lorraine

text: to

text: Maria

text: Theresa

text: in

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: ensuing

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Succession

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Lorraine

text: was

text: joined

text: to

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: and

text: was

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Habsburg

text: Lorraine

text: German

text: Habsburg

text: Lothringen

text: Francis

text: his

text: sons

text: Joseph

text: II

text: and

text: Leopold

text: II

text: and

text: grandson

text: Francis

text: II

text: were

text: the

text: last

text: four

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperors

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: empire

text: in

text: Habsburg

text: Lorraine

text: inherited

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Empire

text: ruling

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Empire

text: and

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: until

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: in

text:
A queen regnant (plural: queens regnant) is a female monarch, equivalent in rank to a king, who reigns in her own right, in contrast to a queen consort, who is the wife of a reigning king, or a queen regent, who is the guardian of a child monarch reigning temporarily in their stead.
An empress regnant is a female monarch who reigns in her own right over an empire.

text: queen

text: regnant

text: plural

text: queens

text: regnant

text: is

text: female

text: monarch

text: equivalent

text: in

text: rank

text: to

text: king

text: who

text: reigns

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: right

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: queen

text: consort

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: reigning

text: king

text: or

text: queen

text: regent

text: who

text: is

text: the

text: guardian

text: of

text: child

text: monarch

text: reigning

text: temporarily

text: in

text: their

text: stead

text: An

text: empress

text: regnant

text: is

text: female

text: monarch

text: who

text: reigns

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: right

text: over

text: an

text: empire

text: The Holy Roman Emperor (historically "" "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. From an autocracy in Carolingian times the title evolved into an elected monarchy chosen by the Prince-electors. Until the Reformation the Emperor elect ("imperator electus") was required to be crowned by the Pope before assuming the imperial title.

text: The

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: historically

text: Emperor

text: of

text: the

text: Romans

text: was

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: From

text: an

text: autocracy

text: in

text: Carolingian

text: times

text: the

text: title

text: evolved

text: into

text: an

text: elected

text: monarchy

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: Prince

text: electors

text: Until

text: the

text: Reformation

text: the

text: Emperor

text: elect

text: imperator

text: electus

text: was

text: required

text: to

text: be

text: crowned

text: by

text: the

text: Pope

text: before

text: assuming

text: the

text: imperial

text: title

text: Louise of Lorraine ( French : Louise de Lorraine ) ( 30 April 1553 -- 29 January 1601 ) was a member of the House of Lorraine who became Queen consort of France from 1575 until 1589 . Born in Nomeny in the Duchy of Bar , she was the daughter of Nicholas , Duke of Mercœur , and Margaret of Egmont .

text: Louise

text: of

text: Lorraine

text: French

text: Louise

text: de

text: Lorraine

text: April

text: January

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Lorraine

text: who

text: became

text: Queen

text: consort

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: until

text: Born

text: in

text: Nomeny

text: in

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Bar

text: she

text: was

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: Nicholas

text: Duke

text: of

text: Mercœur

text: and

text: Margaret

text: of

text: Egmont

text: Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (; 13 May 1717  29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress.

text: Maria

text: Theresa

text: Walburga

text: Amalia

text: Christina

text: May

text: November

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: female

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: dominions

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: sovereign

text: of

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: Croatia

text: Bohemia

text: Transylvania

text: Mantua

text: Milan

text: Lodomeria

text: and

text: Galicia

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: Parma

text: By

text: marriage

text: she

text: was

text: Duchess

text: of

text: Lorraine

text: Grand

text: Duchess

text: of

text: Tuscany

text: and

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empress

text: An emperor (through Old French "empereor" from ) is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife ("empress consort"), mother ("empress dowager"), or a woman who rules in her own right ("empress regnant"). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher honour and rank than kings. In Europe the title of Emperor was, since the Middle Ages, considered equal or almost equal in dignity to that of Pope, due to the latter's position as visible head of the Church and spiritual leader of Western Europe. The Emperor of Japan is the only currently reigning monarch whose title is translated into English as "Emperor".

text: An

text: emperor

text: through

text: Old

text: French

text: empereor

text: from

text: is

text: monarch

text: usually

text: the

text: sovereign

text: ruler

text: of

text: an

text: empire

text: or

text: another

text: type

text: of

text: imperial

text: realm

text: Empress

text: the

text: female

text: equivalent

text: may

text: indicate

text: an

text: emperor

text: 's

text: wife

text: empress

text: consort

text: mother

text: empress

text: dowager

text: or

text: woman

text: who

text: rules

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: right

text: empress

text: regnant

text: Emperors

text: are

text: generally

text: recognized

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: higher

text: honour

text: and

text: rank

text: than

text: kings

text: In

text: Europe

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Emperor

text: was

text: since

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: considered

text: equal

text: or

text: almost

text: equal

text: in

text: dignity

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: Pope

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: latter

text: 's

text: position

text: as

text: visible

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Church

text: and

text: spiritual

text: leader

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: The

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Japan

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: currently

text: reigning

text: monarch

text: whose

text: title

text: is

text: translated

text: into

text: English

text: as

text: Emperor

text: The House of Habsburg, also called House of Hapsburg, or House of Austria, was one of the most influential royal houses of Europe. The throne of the Holy Roman Empire was continuously occupied by the Habsburgs between 1438 and 1740. The house also produced emperors and kings of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of England ("Jure uxoris" King), Kingdom of France (Queen consort), Kingdom of Germany, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdom of Croatia, Second Mexican Empire, Kingdom of Ireland ("Jure uxoris" King), Kingdom of Portugal, and Habsburg Spain, as well as rulers of several Dutch and Italian principalities. From the sixteenth century, following the reign of Charles V, the dynasty was split between its Austrian and Spanish branches. Although they ruled distinct territories, they nevertheless maintained close relations and frequently intermarried.

text: The

text: House

text: of

text: Habsburg

text: also

text: called

text: House

text: of

text: Hapsburg

text: or

text: House

text: of

text: Austria

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: royal

text: houses

text: of

text: Europe

text: The

text: throne

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: continuously

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Habsburgs

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: house

text: also

text: produced

text: emperors

text: and

text: kings

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: Jure

text: uxoris

text: King

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: France

text: Queen

text: consort

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Germany

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hungary

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Croatia

text: Second

text: Mexican

text: Empire

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Jure

text: uxoris

text: King

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Portugal

text: and

text: Habsburg

text: Spain

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: rulers

text: of

text: several

text: Dutch

text: and

text: Italian

text: principalities

text: From

text: the

text: sixteenth

text: century

text: following

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Charles

text: the

text: dynasty

text: was

text: split

text: between

text: its

text: Austrian

text: and

text: Spanish

text: branches

text: Although

text: they

text: ruled

text: distinct

text: territories

text: they

text: nevertheless

text: maintained

text: close

text: relations

text: and

text: frequently

text: intermarried

text: A queen consort is the wife of a reigning king (or an empress consort in the case of an emperor). In Brunei, the wife of the Sultan is known as a "Raja Isteri" with prefix "Pengiran Anak", equivalent with queen consort in English, as were the consorts of tsars when Bulgaria was still a monarchy. A queen consort usually shares her husband's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical titles, but historically, she does not share the king's political and military powers. A queen regnant is a queen in her own right with all the powers of a monarch, who (usually) has become queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

text: queen

text: consort

text: is

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: reigning

text: king

text: or

text: an

text: empress

text: consort

text: in

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: an

text: emperor

text: In

text: Brunei

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: the

text: Sultan

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Raja

text: Isteri

text: with

text: prefix

text: Pengiran

text: Anak

text: equivalent

text: with

text: queen

text: consort

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: were

text: the

text: consorts

text: of

text: tsars

text: when

text: Bulgaria

text: was

text: still

text: monarchy

text: queen

text: consort

text: usually

text: shares

text: her

text: husband

text: 's

text: social

text: rank

text: and

text: status

text: She

text: holds

text: the

text: feminine

text: equivalent

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: monarchical

text: titles

text: but

text: historically

text: she

text: does

text: not

text: share

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: powers

text: queen

text: regnant

text: is

text: queen

text: in

text: her

text: own

text: right

text: with

text: all

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: monarch

text: who

text: usually

text: has

text: become

text: queen

text: by

text: inheriting

text: the

text: throne

text: upon

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: monarch

text: The War of the Austrian Succession (17401748) involved most of the powers of Europe over the question of Maria Theresa's succession to the Habsburg Monarchy. The war included King George's War in British America, the War of Jenkins' Ear (which formally began on 23 October 1739), the First Carnatic War in India, the Jacobite rising of 1745 in Scotland, and the First and Second Silesian Wars.

text: The

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Austrian

text: Succession

text: involved

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: Europe

text: over

text: the

text: question

text: of

text: Maria

text: Theresa

text: 's

text: succession

text: to

text: the

text: Habsburg

text: Monarchy

text: The

text: war

text: included

text: King

text: George

text: 's

text: War

text: in

text: British

text: America

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: Jenkins

text: Ear

text: which

text: formally

text: began

text: on

text: October

text: the

text: First

text: Carnatic

text: War

text: in

text: India

text: the

text: Jacobite

text: rising

text: of

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: the

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Silesian

text: Wars

text: A fief was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty (or "in fee") in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service, usually given by the personal ceremonies of homage and fealty. The fees were often lands or revenue-producing real property held in feudal land tenure: these are typically known as fiefs or fiefdoms. However, not only land but anything of value could be held in fee, including governmental office, rights of exploitation such as hunting or fishing, monopolies in trade, and tax farms.

text: fief

text: was

text: the

text: central

text: element

text: of

text: feudalism

text: and

text: consisted

text: of

text: heritable

text: property

text: or

text: rights

text: granted

text: by

text: an

text: overlord

text: to

text: vassal

text: who

text: held

text: it

text: in

text: fealty

text: or

text: in

text: fee

text: in

text: return

text: for

text: form

text: of

text: feudal

text: allegiance

text: and

text: service

text: usually

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: personal

text: ceremonies

text: of

text: homage

text: and

text: fealty

text: The

text: fees

text: were

text: often

text: lands

text: or

text: revenue

text: producing

text: real

text: property

text: held

text: in

text: feudal

text: land

text: tenure

text: these

text: are

text: typically

text: known

text: as

text: fiefs

text: or

text: fiefdoms

text: However

text: not

text: only

text: land

text: but

text: anything

text: of

text: value

text: could

text: be

text: held

text: in

text: fee

text: including

text: governmental

text: office

text: rights

text: of

text: exploitation

text: such

text: as

text: hunting

text: or

text: fishing

text: monopolies

text: in

text: trade

text: and

text: tax

text: farms

text: Sultan (') is a noble title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun ', meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who claimed almost full sovereignty in practical terms (i.e., the lack of dependence on any higher ruler), albeit without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a powerful governor of a province within the caliphate.

text: Sultan

text: is

text: noble

text: title

text: with

text: several

text: historical

text: meanings

text: Originally

text: it

text: was

text: an

text: Arabic

text: abstract

text: noun

text: meaning

text: strength

text: authority

text: rulership

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: verbal

text: noun

text: meaning

text: authority

text: or

text: power

text: Later

text: it

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: certain

text: rulers

text: who

text: claimed

text: almost

text: full

text: sovereignty

text: in

text: practical

text: terms

text: i.e.

text: the

text: lack

text: of

text: dependence

text: on

text: any

text: higher

text: ruler

text: albeit

text: without

text: claiming

text: the

text: overall

text: caliphate

text: or

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: powerful

text: governor

text: of

text: province

text: within

text: the

text: caliphate

text: The County of Bar, from 1354 the Duchy of Bar, was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire encompassing the "pays de Barrois" and centred on the city of Bar-le-Duc. Part of the county, the so-called "Barrois mouvant", became a fief of the Kingdom of France in 1301. The "Barrois non-mouvant" remained a part of the Empire. From 1480, it was united to the imperial Duchy of Lorraine. Both imperial Bar and Lorraine were ceded to France in 1738. With the death of the last duke, Stanislaus Leszczynski, in 1766, the duchy escheated to the French crown.

text: The

text: County

text: of

text: Bar

text: from

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Bar

text: was

text: principality

text: of

text: the

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: encompassing

text: the

text: pays

text: de

text: Barrois

text: and

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bar

text: le

text: Duc

text: Part

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: the

text: so

text: called

text: Barrois

text: mouvant

text: became

text: fief

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: The

text: Barrois

text: non

text: mouvant

text: remained

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: From

text: it

text: was

text: united

text: to

text: the

text: imperial

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lorraine

text: Both

text: imperial

text: Bar

text: and

text: Lorraine

text: were

text: ceded

text: to

text: France

text: in

text: With

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: duke

text: Stanislaus

text: Leszczynski

text: in

text: the

text: duchy

text: escheated

text: to

text: the

text: French

text: crown

text: A title is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name in certain contexts. It may signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, titles may be inserted before a last name (for example, "Graf" in German, Cardinal in Catholic usage or clerical titles such as Archbishop). Some titles are hereditary.

text: title

text: is

text: prefix

text: or

text: suffix

text: added

text: to

text: someone

text: 's

text: name

text: in

text: certain

text: contexts

text: It

text: may

text: signify

text: either

text: veneration

text: an

text: official

text: position

text: or

text: professional

text: or

text: academic

text: qualification

text: In

text: some

text: languages

text: titles

text: may

text: be

text: inserted

text: before

text: last

text: name

text: for

text: example

text: Graf

text: in

text: German

text: Cardinal

text: in

text: Catholic

text: usage

text: or

text: clerical

text: titles

text: such

text: as

text: Archbishop

text: Some

text: titles

text: are

text: hereditary

annotations: follows multiple

question: occupation louise of lorraine

answer: monarch

text: monarch

text: monarch

text: monarch

text: monarch

text: monarch

text: monarch

text: monarch


text: Sme parish is an administrative unit of the Tukums Municipality, Latvia. The administrative center is Sme.

text: Sme

text: parish

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Tukums

text: Municipality

text: Latvia

text: The

text: administrative

text: center

text: is

text: Sme

text: Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, one of the three Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, as well as a maritime border to the west alongside Sweden. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.

text: Latvia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Latvia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: region

text: of

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Baltic

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Estonia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: maritime

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: alongside

text: Sweden

text: Latvia

text: has

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: territory

text: of

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: In European academic traditions, fine art is art developed primarily for aesthetics or beauty, distinguishing it from applied art that also has to serve some practical function, such as pottery or most metalwork.

text: In

text: European

text: academic

text: traditions

text: fine

text: art

text: is

text: art

text: developed

text: primarily

text: for

text: aesthetics

text: or

text: beauty

text: distinguishing

text: it

text: from

text: applied

text: art

text: that

text: also

text: has

text: to

text: serve

text: some

text: practical

text: function

text: such

text: as

text: pottery

text: or

text: most

text: metalwork

text: Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence, which exist in time. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives from Greek  ("mousike"; "art of the Muses"). In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound."

text: Music

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: and

text: cultural

text: activity

text: whose

text: medium

text: is

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: which

text: exist

text: in

text: time

text: The

text: common

text: elements

text: of

text: music

text: are

text: pitch

text: which

text: governs

text: melody

text: and

text: harmony

text: rhythm

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: concepts

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: articulation

text: dynamics

text: loudness

text: and

text: softness

text: and

text: the

text: sonic

text: qualities

text: of

text: timbre

text: and

text: texture

text: which

text: are

text: sometimes

text: termed

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: musical

text: sound

text: Different

text: styles

text: or

text: types

text: of

text: music

text: may

text: emphasize

text: de

text: emphasize

text: or

text: omit

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: elements

text: Music

text: is

text: performed

text: with

text: vast

text: range

text: of

text: instruments

text: and

text: vocal

text: techniques

text: ranging

text: from

text: singing

text: to

text: rapping

text: there

text: are

text: solely

text: instrumental

text: pieces

text: solely

text: vocal

text: pieces

text: such

text: as

text: songs

text: without

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: pieces

text: that

text: combine

text: singing

text: and

text: instruments

text: The

text: word

text: derives

text: from

text: Greek

text: mousike

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: Muses

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: the

text: activities

text: describing

text: music

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: music

text: songs

text: tunes

text: symphonies

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: music

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: examination

text: of

text: music

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: and

text: Indian

text: philosophers

text: defined

text: music

text: as

text: tones

text: ordered

text: horizontally

text: as

text: melodies

text: and

text: vertically

text: as

text: harmonies

text: Common

text: sayings

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: harmony

text: of

text: the

text: spheres

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: music

text: to

text: my

text: ears

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: music

text: is

text: often

text: ordered

text: and

text: pleasant

text: to

text: listen

text: to

text: However

text: century

text: composer

text: John

text: Cage

text: thought

text: that

text: any

text: sound

text: can

text: be

text: music

text: saying

text: for

text: example

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: noise

text: only

text: sound

text: Dance is a performance art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin.

text: Dance

text: is

text: performance

text: art

text: form

text: consisting

text: of

text: purposefully

text: selected

text: sequences

text: of

text: human

text: movement

text: This

text: movement

text: has

text: aesthetic

text: and

text: symbolic

text: value

text: and

text: is

text: acknowledged

text: as

text: dance

text: by

text: performers

text: and

text: observers

text: within

text: particular

text: culture

text: Dance

text: can

text: be

text: categorized

text: and

text: described

text: by

text: its

text: choreography

text: by

text: its

text: repertoire

text: of

text: movements

text: or

text: by

text: its

text: historical

text: period

text: or

text: place

text: of

text: origin

text: A song, most broadly, is a single (and often standalone) work of music that is typically intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections. Written words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created, are called lyrics. If a pre-existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art song. Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants. Songs in a simple style that are learned informally are often referred to as folk songs. Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs. These songs, which have broad appeal, are often composed by professional songwriters, composers and lyricists. Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances. Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video (or in some, cases, a song may be performed live and simultaneously recorded). Songs may also appear in plays, musical theatre, stage shows of any form, and within operas.

text: song

text: most

text: broadly

text: is

text: single

text: and

text: often

text: standalone

text: work

text: of

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: typically

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: human

text: voice

text: with

text: distinct

text: and

text: fixed

text: pitches

text: and

text: patterns

text: using

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: and

text: variety

text: of

text: forms

text: that

text: often

text: include

text: the

text: repetition

text: of

text: sections

text: Written

text: words

text: created

text: specifically

text: for

text: music

text: or

text: for

text: which

text: music

text: is

text: specifically

text: created

text: are

text: called

text: lyrics

text: If

text: pre

text: existing

text: poem

text: is

text: set

text: to

text: composed

text: music

text: in

text: classical

text: music

text: it

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: song

text: Songs

text: that

text: are

text: sung

text: on

text: repeated

text: pitches

text: without

text: distinct

text: contours

text: and

text: patterns

text: that

text: rise

text: and

text: fall

text: are

text: called

text: chants

text: Songs

text: in

text: simple

text: style

text: that

text: are

text: learned

text: informally

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: folk

text: songs

text: Songs

text: that

text: are

text: composed

text: for

text: professional

text: singers

text: who

text: sell

text: their

text: recordings

text: or

text: live

text: shows

text: to

text: the

text: mass

text: market

text: are

text: called

text: popular

text: songs

text: These

text: songs

text: which

text: have

text: broad

text: appeal

text: are

text: often

text: composed

text: by

text: professional

text: songwriters

text: composers

text: and

text: lyricists

text: Art

text: songs

text: are

text: composed

text: by

text: trained

text: classical

text: composers

text: for

text: concert

text: or

text: recital

text: performances

text: Songs

text: are

text: performed

text: live

text: and

text: recorded

text: on

text: audio

text: or

text: video

text: or

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: song

text: may

text: be

text: performed

text: live

text: and

text: simultaneously

text: recorded

text: Songs

text: may

text: also

text: appear

text: in

text: plays

text: musical

text: theatre

text: stage

text: shows

text: of

text: any

text: form

text: and

text: within

text: operas

text: Streni (pronounced ) is a town in Latvia.

text: Streni

text: pronounced

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: Latvia

text: Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience. The specific place of the performance is also named by the word "theatre" as derived from the Ancient Greek  (théatron, "a place for viewing"), itself from  (theáomai, "to see", "to watch", "to observe").

text: Theatre

text: or

text: theater

text: is

text: collaborative

text: form

text: of

text: fine

text: art

text: that

text: uses

text: live

text: performers

text: typically

text: actors

text: or

text: actresses

text: to

text: present

text: the

text: experience

text: of

text: real

text: or

text: imagined

text: event

text: before

text: live

text: audience

text: in

text: specific

text: place

text: often

text: stage

text: The

text: performers

text: may

text: communicate

text: this

text: experience

text: to

text: the

text: audience

text: through

text: combinations

text: of

text: gesture

text: speech

text: song

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: Elements

text: of

text: art

text: such

text: as

text: painted

text: scenery

text: and

text: stagecraft

text: such

text: as

text: lighting

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: enhance

text: the

text: physicality

text: presence

text: and

text: immediacy

text: of

text: the

text: experience

text: The

text: specific

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: performance

text: is

text: also

text: named

text: by

text: the

text: word

text: theatre

text: as

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: théatron

text: place

text: for

text: viewing

text: itself

text: from

text: theáomai

text: to

text: see

text: to

text: watch

text: to

text: observe

text: A performance, in the performing arts, generally comprises an event in which a performer or group of performers present one or more works of art to an audience. Usually the performers participate in rehearsals beforehand. Afterwards audience members often applaud.

text: performance

text: in

text: the

text: performing

text: arts

text: generally

text: comprises

text: an

text: event

text: in

text: which

text: performer

text: or

text: group

text: of

text: performers

text: present

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: to

text: an

text: audience

text: Usually

text: the

text: performers

text: participate

text: in

text: rehearsals

text: beforehand

text: Afterwards

text: audience

text: members

text: often

text: applaud

text: An audience is a group of people who participate in a show or encounter a work of art, literature (in which they are called "readers"), theatre, music (in which they are called "listeners"), video games (in which they are called "players"), or academics in any medium. Audience members participate in different ways in different kinds of art; some events invite overt audience participation and others allowing only modest clapping and criticism and reception.

text: An

text: audience

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: participate

text: in

text: show

text: or

text: encounter

text: work

text: of

text: art

text: literature

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: readers

text: theatre

text: music

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: listeners

text: video

text: games

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: are

text: called

text: players

text: or

text: academics

text: in

text: any

text: medium

text: Audience

text: members

text: participate

text: in

text: different

text: ways

text: in

text: different

text: kinds

text: of

text: art

text: some

text: events

text: invite

text: overt

text: audience

text: participation

text: and

text: others

text: allowing

text: only

text: modest

text: clapping

text: and

text: criticism

text: and

text: reception

text: An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.

text: An

text: actor

text: or

text: actress

text: for

text: females

text: see

text: terminology

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: portrays

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: actor

text: performs

text: in

text: the

text: flesh

text: in

text: the

text: traditional

text: medium

text: of

text: the

text: theatre

text: or

text: in

text: modern

text: mediums

text: such

text: as

text: film

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: The

text: analogous

text: Greek

text: term

text: is

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: answers

text: The

text: actor

text: 's

text: interpretation

text: of

text: their

text: role

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: played

text: whether

text: based

text: on

text: real

text: person

text: or

text: fictional

text: character

text: Interpretation

text: occurs

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: actor

text: is

text: playing

text: themselves

text: as

text: in

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: experimental

text: performance

text: art

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: to

text: act

text: is

text: to

text: create

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: Ancient Greek includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period (9th to 6th centuries BC), Classical period (5th and 4th centuries BC), and Hellenistic period (3rd century BC to the 6th century AD). It is antedated in the second millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek.

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: includes

text: the

text: forms

text: of

text: Greek

text: used

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: ancient

text: world

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: roughly

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: Archaic

text: period

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Classical

text: period

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: and

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: century

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: It

text: is

text: antedated

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: millennium

text: BC

text: by

text: Mycenaean

text: Greek

text: Stagecraft is the technical aspect of theatrical, film, and video production. It includes constructing and rigging scenery, hanging and focusing of lighting, design and procurement of costumes, makeup, procurement of props, stage management, and recording and mixing of sound. Stagecraft is distinct from the wider umbrella term of scenography. Considered a technical rather than an artistic field, it is primarily the practical implementation of a designer's artistic vision.

text: Stagecraft

text: is

text: the

text: technical

text: aspect

text: of

text: theatrical

text: film

text: and

text: video

text: production

text: It

text: includes

text: constructing

text: and

text: rigging

text: scenery

text: hanging

text: and

text: focusing

text: of

text: lighting

text: design

text: and

text: procurement

text: of

text: costumes

text: makeup

text: procurement

text: of

text: props

text: stage

text: management

text: and

text: recording

text: and

text: mixing

text: of

text: sound

text: Stagecraft

text: is

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: wider

text: umbrella

text: term

text: of

text: scenography

text: Considered

text: technical

text: rather

text: than

text: an

text: artistic

text: field

text: it

text: is

text: primarily

text: the

text: practical

text: implementation

text: of

text: designer

text: 's

text: artistic

text: vision

text: A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size definition for what constitutes a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world.

text: town

text: is

text: human

text: settlement

text: larger

text: than

text: village

text: but

text: smaller

text: than

text: city

text: The

text: size

text: definition

text: for

text: what

text: constitutes

text: town

text: varies

text: considerably

text: in

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Tukums Municipality is a municipality in Zemgale, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by merging Degole parish, Džkste parish, Irlava parish, Jaunsti parish, Lestene parish, Pre parish, Sme parish, Slampe parish, Tume parish, Zentene parish and Tukums town; the administrative centre being Tukums.

text: Tukums

text: Municipality

text: is

text: municipality

text: in

text: Zemgale

text: Latvia

text: The

text: municipality

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: merging

text: Degole

text: parish

text: Džkste

text: parish

text: Irlava

text: parish

text: Jaunsti

text: parish

text: Lestene

text: parish

text: Pre

text: parish

text: Sme

text: parish

text: Slampe

text: parish

text: Tume

text: parish

text: Zentene

text: parish

text: and

text: Tukums

text: town

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: being

text: Tukums

text: Alda `` Vija '' Artmane ( August 21 , 1929 in Kaive , Sme parish -- October 11 , 2008 in Streni ) was a Latvian theatre and cinema actress .

text: Alda

text: Vija

text: Artmane

text: August

text: in

text: Kaive

text: Sme

text: parish

text: October

text: in

text: Streni

text: was

text: Latvian

text: theatre

text: and

text: cinema

text: actress

question: place_of_birth vija artmane

answer: tukums

text: tukums

text: tukums

text: tukums

text: tukums