text: The Greek genocide, part of which is known as the Pontic genocide, was the systematic genocide of the Christian Ottoman Greek population from its historic homeland in Anatolia during World War I and its aftermath (191422). It was instigated by the government of the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish national movement against the Greek population of the Empire and it included massacres, forced deportations involving death marches, summary expulsions, arbitrary execution, and the destruction of Christian Orthodox cultural, historical, and religious monuments. According to various sources, several hundred thousand Ottoman Greeks died during this period. Most of the refugees and survivors fled to Greece (amounting to over a quarter of the prior population of Greece). Some, especially those in Eastern provinces, took refuge in the neighbouring Russian Empire. Thus by the end of the 191922 Greco-Turkish War, most of the Greeks of Asia Minor had either fled or had been killed. Those remaining were transferred to Greece under the terms of the later 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey, which formalized the exodus and barred the return of the refugees. Other ethnic groups were similarly attacked by the Ottoman Empire during this period, including Assyrians and Armenians, and some scholars and organizations have recognized these events as part of the same genocidal policy.

text: The

text: Greek

text: genocide

text: part

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Pontic

text: genocide

text: was

text: the

text: systematic

text: genocide

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: Ottoman

text: Greek

text: population

text: from

text: its

text: historic

text: homeland

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: its

text: aftermath

text: It

text: was

text: instigated

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: Turkish

text: national

text: movement

text: against

text: the

text: Greek

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Empire

text: and

text: it

text: included

text: massacres

text: forced

text: deportations

text: involving

text: death

text: marches

text: summary

text: expulsions

text: arbitrary

text: execution

text: and

text: the

text: destruction

text: of

text: Christian

text: Orthodox

text: cultural

text: historical

text: and

text: religious

text: monuments

text: According

text: to

text: various

text: sources

text: several

text: hundred

text: thousand

text: Ottoman

text: Greeks

text: died

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: refugees

text: and

text: survivors

text: fled

text: to

text: Greece

text: amounting

text: to

text: over

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: prior

text: population

text: of

text: Greece

text: Some

text: especially

text: those

text: in

text: Eastern

text: provinces

text: took

text: refuge

text: in

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Thus

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Greco

text: Turkish

text: War

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Greeks

text: of

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: had

text: either

text: fled

text: or

text: had

text: been

text: killed

text: Those

text: remaining

text: were

text: transferred

text: to

text: Greece

text: under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: population

text: exchange

text: between

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: which

text: formalized

text: the

text: exodus

text: and

text: barred

text: the

text: return

text: of

text: the

text: refugees

text: Other

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: were

text: similarly

text: attacked

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: including

text: Assyrians

text: and

text: Armenians

text: and

text: some

text: scholars

text: and

text: organizations

text: have

text: recognized

text: these

text: events

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: genocidal

text: policy

text: The Hamidian massacres, also referred to as the Armenian Massacres of 18941896 and Great Massacres, were massacres of Armenians of the Ottoman Empire in the mid-1890s, with estimates of the dead ranging from 80,000 to 300,000, resulting in 50,000 orphaned children. The massacres are named after Sultan Abdul Hamid II, who, in his efforts to reinforce the territorial integrity of the embattled Ottoman Empire, reasserted Pan-Islamism as a state ideology. Although the massacres were aimed mainly at the Armenians, they turned into indiscriminate anti-Christian pogroms in some cases, such as in Diyarbekir Vilayet, where some 25,000 Assyrians were killed (see also Assyrian genocide).

text: The

text: Hamidian

text: massacres

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Massacres

text: of

text: and

text: Great

text: Massacres

text: were

text: massacres

text: of

text: Armenians

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: estimates

text: of

text: the

text: dead

text: ranging

text: from

text: to

text: resulting

text: in

text: orphaned

text: children

text: The

text: massacres

text: are

text: named

text: after

text: Sultan

text: Abdul

text: Hamid

text: II

text: who

text: in

text: his

text: efforts

text: to

text: reinforce

text: the

text: territorial

text: integrity

text: of

text: the

text: embattled

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: reasserted

text: Pan

text: Islamism

text: as

text: state

text: ideology

text: Although

text: the

text: massacres

text: were

text: aimed

text: mainly

text: at

text: the

text: Armenians

text: they

text: turned

text: into

text: indiscriminate

text: anti

text: Christian

text: pogroms

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: Diyarbekir

text: Vilayet

text: where

text: some

text: Assyrians

text: were

text: killed

text: see

text: also

text: Assyrian

text: genocide

text: Karekin Pastermadjian ( classical Armenian :   ) , better known by his nom de guerre Armen Garo (   ; 9 February 1872 -- 23 March 1923 ) was an Armenian nationalist activist and politician . A member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation , he was one of the masterminds of the 1896 occupation of the Ottoman Bank in response to the Hamidian massacres and Operation Nemesis , in which several perpetrators of the Armenian Genocide were assassinated . He served as the first ambassador to the United States from an independent Armenia .

text: Karekin

text: Pastermadjian

text: classical

text: Armenian

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: nom

text: de

text: guerre

text: Armen

text: Garo

text: February

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: Armenian

text: nationalist

text: activist

text: and

text: politician

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Revolutionary

text: Federation

text: he

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: masterminds

text: of

text: the

text: occupation

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Bank

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: Hamidian

text: massacres

text: and

text: Operation

text: Nemesis

text: in

text: which

text: several

text: perpetrators

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: were

text: assassinated

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: ambassador

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: an

text: independent

text: Armenia

text: Shahan Natalie (July 14, 1884April 19, 1983) was a member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation and the principal organizer of Operation Nemesis, a campaign of revenge against officials of the former Ottoman Empire who instigated the Armenian Genocide during World War I. He later became a writer on Armenian national philosophy, and notable for his essay, "The Turks and Us."

text: Shahan

text: Natalie

text: July

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Revolutionary

text: Federation

text: and

text: the

text: principal

text: organizer

text: of

text: Operation

text: Nemesis

text: campaign

text: of

text: revenge

text: against

text: officials

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: who

text: instigated

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: He

text: later

text: became

text: writer

text: on

text: Armenian

text: national

text: philosophy

text: and

text: notable

text: for

text: his

text: essay

text: The

text: Turks

text: and

text: Us

text: The Assyrian genocide (also known as Sayfo or Seyfo, ("Sword") or ) refers to the mass slaughter of the Assyrian population of the Ottoman Empire and those in neighbouring Persia by Ottoman troops during the First World War, in conjunction with the Armenian and Greek genocides.

text: The

text: Assyrian

text: genocide

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Sayfo

text: or

text: Seyfo

text: Sword

text: or

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: mass

text: slaughter

text: of

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: those

text: in

text: neighbouring

text: Persia

text: by

text: Ottoman

text: troops

text: during

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: Armenian

text: and

text: Greek

text: genocides

text:
The Armenian Genocide ("Hayots tseghaspanutyun"), also known as the Armenian Holocaust, was the Ottoman government's systematic extermination of 1.5 million Armenians, mostly Ottoman citizens within the Ottoman Empire and its successor state, the Republic of Turkey. The starting date is conventionally held to be 24 April 1915, the day that Ottoman authorities rounded up, arrested, and deported 235 to 270 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders from Constantinople to Ankara, the majority of whom were eventually murdered.
The genocide was carried out during and after World War I and implemented in two phases: the wholesale killing of the able-bodied male population through massacre and subjection of army conscripts to forced labour, followed by the deportation of women, children, the elderly, and the infirm on death marches leading to the Syrian desert. Driven forward by military escorts, the deportees were deprived of food and water and subjected to periodic robbery, rape, and massacre. Other indigenous and Christian ethnic groups such as the Assyrians and the Ottoman Greeks were similarly targeted for extermination by the Ottoman government in the Assyrian genocide and the Greek genocide, and their treatment is considered by some historians to be part of the same genocidal policy. Most Armenian diaspora communities around the world came into being as a direct result of the genocide.

text: The

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: Hayots

text: tseghaspanutyun

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Holocaust

text: was

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: government

text: 's

text: systematic

text: extermination

text: of

text: million

text: Armenians

text: mostly

text: Ottoman

text: citizens

text: within

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: and

text: its

text: successor

text: state

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: The

text: starting

text: date

text: is

text: conventionally

text: held

text: to

text: be

text: April

text: the

text: day

text: that

text: Ottoman

text: authorities

text: rounded

text: up

text: arrested

text: and

text: deported

text: to

text: Armenian

text: intellectuals

text: and

text: community

text: leaders

text: from

text: Constantinople

text: to

text: Ankara

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: eventually

text: murdered

text: The

text: genocide

text: was

text: carried

text: out

text: during

text: and

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: implemented

text: in

text: two

text: phases

text: the

text: wholesale

text: killing

text: of

text: the

text: able

text: bodied

text: male

text: population

text: through

text: massacre

text: and

text: subjection

text: of

text: army

text: conscripts

text: to

text: forced

text: labour

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: deportation

text: of

text: women

text: children

text: the

text: elderly

text: and

text: the

text: infirm

text: on

text: death

text: marches

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: Syrian

text: desert

text: Driven

text: forward

text: by

text: military

text: escorts

text: the

text: deportees

text: were

text: deprived

text: of

text: food

text: and

text: water

text: and

text: subjected

text: to

text: periodic

text: robbery

text: rape

text: and

text: massacre

text: Other

text: indigenous

text: and

text: Christian

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Assyrians

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Greeks

text: were

text: similarly

text: targeted

text: for

text: extermination

text: by

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: government

text: in

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: genocide

text: and

text: the

text: Greek

text: genocide

text: and

text: their

text: treatment

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: some

text: historians

text: to

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: genocidal

text: policy

text: Most

text: Armenian

text: diaspora

text: communities

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: as

text: direct

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: genocide

text: Operation Nemesis ("Nemesis gortsoghut'iun") was a covert operation and an assassination campaign by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) carried out between 1920 and 1922, during which a number of former Ottoman political and military figures were assassinated for their role in the Armenian Genocide, as well as Azerbaijani figures for the 1918 massacre of Armenians in Baku. Shahan Natalie and Armen Garo are considered its masterminds. It was named after the Greek goddess of divine retribution, Nemesis.

text: Operation

text: Nemesis

text: Nemesis

text: gortsoghut'iun

text: was

text: covert

text: operation

text: and

text: an

text: assassination

text: campaign

text: by

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Revolutionary

text: Federation

text: Dashnaktsutyun

text: carried

text: out

text: between

text: and

text: during

text: which

text: number

text: of

text: former

text: Ottoman

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: figures

text: were

text: assassinated

text: for

text: their

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Genocide

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Azerbaijani

text: figures

text: for

text: the

text: massacre

text: of

text: Armenians

text: in

text: Baku

text: Shahan

text: Natalie

text: and

text: Armen

text: Garo

text: are

text: considered

text: its

text: masterminds

text: It

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Greek

text: goddess

text: of

text: divine

text: retribution

text: Nemesis

text: World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

text: World

text: War

text: WWI

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: originating

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: military

text: personnel

text: including

text: million

text: Europeans

text: were

text: mobilised

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wars

text: in

text: history

text: Over

text: nine

text: million

text: combatants

text: and

text: seven

text: million

text: civilians

text: died

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: genocides

text: casualty

text: rate

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: technological

text: and

text: industrial

text: sophistication

text: and

text: the

text: tactical

text: stalemate

text: caused

text: by

text: gruelling

text: trench

text: warfare

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflicts

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: changes

text: including

text: revolutions

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: involved

question: conflict armen garo

answer: world war i

text: world war i

text: world war i

text: world war i

text: world war i


text: Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia, is a sovereign state situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans. Relative to its small territory, it is a diverse country distinguished by a "transitional" character, situated along cultural, geographic, climatic and other boundaries. Serbia is landlocked and borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the southwest; it also claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo. Serbia numbers around 7 million residents, and its capital, Belgrade, ranks among the largest cities in Southeast Europe.

text: Serbia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Serbia

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: covering

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Pannonian

text: Plain

text: and

text: the

text: central

text: Balkans

text: Relative

text: to

text: its

text: small

text: territory

text: it

text: is

text: diverse

text: country

text: distinguished

text: by

text: transitional

text: character

text: situated

text: along

text: cultural

text: geographic

text: climatic

text: and

text: other

text: boundaries

text: Serbia

text: is

text: landlocked

text: and

text: borders

text: Hungary

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Romania

text: and

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Macedonia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Croatia

text: Bosnia

text: Herzegovina

text: and

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: it

text: also

text: claims

text: border

text: with

text: Albania

text: through

text: the

text: disputed

text: territory

text: of

text: Kosovo

text: Serbia

text: numbers

text: around

text: million

text: residents

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: Belgrade

text: ranks

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Bulgaria (tr. '), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (tr. '), is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of , Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.

text: Bulgaria

text: tr

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: tr

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Romania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Macedonia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: With

text: territory

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: is

text: Europe

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium). It survived the fragmentation and fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD and continued to exist for an additional thousand years until it fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. During most of its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. Both "Byzantine Empire" and "Eastern Roman Empire" are historiographical terms created after the end of the realm; its citizens continued to refer to their empire as the "Roman Empire" (tr. ), or "Romania", and to themselves as "Romans".

text: The

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: was

text: the

text: continuation

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: during

text: Late

text: Antiquity

text: and

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: when

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: was

text: Constantinople

text: modern

text: day

text: Istanbul

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: founded

text: as

text: Byzantium

text: It

text: survived

text: the

text: fragmentation

text: and

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: and

text: continued

text: to

text: exist

text: for

text: an

text: additional

text: thousand

text: years

text: until

text: it

text: fell

text: to

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Turks

text: in

text: During

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: existence

text: the

text: empire

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: economic

text: cultural

text: and

text: military

text: force

text: in

text: Europe

text: Both

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: are

text: historiographical

text: terms

text: created

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: realm

text: its

text: citizens

text: continued

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: their

text: empire

text: as

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: tr

text: or

text: Romania

text: and

text: to

text: themselves

text: as

text: Romans

text: Kyustendil is a town in the far west of Bulgaria, and the capital of the Kyustendil Province. The town is situated in the southern part of the Kyustendil Valley, near the borders of Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia; 90 km southwest of Sofia, 130 km northeast of Skopje and 243 km north of Thessaloniki. The total population counts 44,532 people, with a Bulgarian majority and Roma minority. During the Iron Age, a Thracian settlement was located within the town, later known as Roman in the 1st century AD. In the Middle Ages, the town switched hands between the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria and Serbia, prior to Ottoman annexation in 1395. After centuries of Ottoman rule, the town became part of an independent Bulgarian state in 1878.

text: Kyustendil

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: west

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Kyustendil

text: Province

text: The

text: town

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kyustendil

text: Valley

text: near

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: Serbia

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: km

text: southwest

text: of

text: Sofia

text: km

text: northeast

text: of

text: Skopje

text: and

text: km

text: north

text: of

text: Thessaloniki

text: The

text: total

text: population

text: counts

text: people

text: with

text: Bulgarian

text: majority

text: and

text: Roma

text: minority

text: During

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: Thracian

text: settlement

text: was

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: town

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Roman

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: In

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: the

text: town

text: switched

text: hands

text: between

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: Serbia

text: prior

text: to

text: Ottoman

text: annexation

text: in

text: After

text: centuries

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: rule

text: the

text: town

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: independent

text: Bulgarian

text: state

text: in

text: Thessaloniki is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. Its nickname is   ("Symprotévousa"), literally "the co-capital", a reference to its historical status as the  ("Symvasilévousa") or "co-reigning" city of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, alongside Constantinople.

text: Thessaloniki

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Greek

text: Macedonia

text: the

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: Central

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: the

text: Decentralized

text: Administration

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: Thrace

text: Its

text: nickname

text: is

text: Symprotévousa

text: literally

text: the

text: co

text: capital

text: reference

text: to

text: its

text: historical

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: Symvasilévousa

text: or

text: co

text: reigning

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Roman

text: Byzantine

text: Empire

text: alongside

text: Constantinople

text: Ekaterina Savova-Nenova ( -) (19011980) was a Bulgarian painter, married to Ivan Nenov, and an art teacher at the Institute for Teachers of Children in Sofia, Bulgaria. She was born November 13, 1901, in Sofia. She studied with Nikola Marinov at the Academy of Arts in Sofia, graduated in 1925, exhibited regularly with the Union of Bulgarian Artists, and had three individual shows in 1943, 1946, and 1958. Her paintings are exhibited in the Philippopolis Art Gallery in Plovdiv and the National Art Gallery in Sofia.

text: Ekaterina

text: Savova

text: Nenova

text: was

text: Bulgarian

text: painter

text: married

text: to

text: Ivan

text: Nenov

text: and

text: an

text: art

text: teacher

text: at

text: the

text: Institute

text: for

text: Teachers

text: of

text: Children

text: in

text: Sofia

text: Bulgaria

text: She

text: was

text: born

text: November

text: in

text: Sofia

text: She

text: studied

text: with

text: Nikola

text: Marinov

text: at

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Arts

text: in

text: Sofia

text: graduated

text: in

text: exhibited

text: regularly

text: with

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Bulgarian

text: Artists

text: and

text: had

text: three

text: individual

text: shows

text: in

text: and

text: Her

text: paintings

text: are

text: exhibited

text: in

text: the

text: Philippopolis

text: Art

text: Gallery

text: in

text: Plovdiv

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Art

text: Gallery

text: in

text: Sofia

text: Ivan Nenov ( Bulgarian :    ) is a Bulgarian painter born in Kyustendil ( 1902 - 1997 ) . Husband of Ekaterina Savova - Nenova . He was member of the Bulgarian Academy of Fine Arts .

text: Ivan

text: Nenov

text: Bulgarian

text: is

text: Bulgarian

text: painter

text: born

text: in

text: Kyustendil

text: Husband

text: of

text: Ekaterina

text: Savova

text: Nenova

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Bulgarian

text: Academy

text: of

text: Fine

text: Arts

text: Macedonia ( tr. "Makedonija"), officially the Republic of Macedonia (Macedonian: , tr. "Republika Makedonija"), is a country in the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991. It became a member of the United Nations in 1993, but, as a result of an ongoing dispute with Greece over the use of the name "Macedonia", was admitted under the provisional description the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (sometimes unofficially abbreviated as FYROM and FYR Macedonia), a term that is also used by international organizations such as the European Union, the Council of Europe and NATO.

text: Macedonia

text: tr

text: Makedonija

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: Macedonian

text: tr

text: Republika

text: Makedonija

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: successor

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Yugoslavia

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: declared

text: independence

text: in

text: It

text: became

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: in

text: but

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: an

text: ongoing

text: dispute

text: with

text: Greece

text: over

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: Macedonia

text: was

text: admitted

text: under

text: the

text: provisional

text: description

text: the

text: former

text: Yugoslav

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: sometimes

text: unofficially

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: FYROM

text: and

text: FYR

text: Macedonia

text: term

text: that

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: by

text: international

text: organizations

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: the

text: Council

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: NATO

text: Kyustendil Province (trl "Oblast Kyustendil") is a province in southwestern Bulgaria, extending over an area of 3084.3 km² (constituting 2.7% of the total territory of the Republic of Bulgaria), and with a population of 163,889. It borders on the provinces of Sofia, Pernik, and Blagoevgrad; to the west, its limits coincide with the state borders between Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia, and between Bulgaria and the Republic of Serbia. The administrative center of the Province is Kyustendil.

text: Kyustendil

text: Province

text: trl

text: Oblast

text: Kyustendil

text: is

text: province

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Bulgaria

text: extending

text: over

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: constituting

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: It

text: borders

text: on

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Sofia

text: Pernik

text: and

text: Blagoevgrad

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: its

text: limits

text: coincide

text: with

text: the

text: state

text: borders

text: between

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: and

text: between

text: Bulgaria

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Serbia

text: The

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Province

text: is

text: Kyustendil

text: Union of Bulgarian Artists (UBA) is a non-profit association for Bulgarian artists which can trace its routes back to 1893. It currently has about 2700 members - artists and critics from all generations - drawn from the many fields of the representational arts. The mission of the UBA is to protect the interests of its members and to promote Bulgarian visual culture at home and abroad. Any artist or critic with proven professional contributions may be admitted for individual membership. The UBA has the largest exhibition complex in Bulgaria.

text: Union

text: of

text: Bulgarian

text: Artists

text: UBA

text: is

text: non

text: profit

text: association

text: for

text: Bulgarian

text: artists

text: which

text: can

text: trace

text: its

text: routes

text: back

text: to

text: It

text: currently

text: has

text: about

text: members

text: artists

text: and

text: critics

text: from

text: all

text: generations

text: drawn

text: from

text: the

text: many

text: fields

text: of

text: the

text: representational

text: arts

text: The

text: mission

text: of

text: the

text: UBA

text: is

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: its

text: members

text: and

text: to

text: promote

text: Bulgarian

text: visual

text: culture

text: at

text: home

text: and

text: abroad

text: Any

text: artist

text: or

text: critic

text: with

text: proven

text: professional

text: contributions

text: may

text: be

text: admitted

text: for

text: individual

text: membership

text: The

text: UBA

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: exhibition

text: complex

text: in

text: Bulgaria

text: Sofia (or or ;) ("Sofiya",) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. The city has a population of 1.26 million, while 1.68 million people live in its metropolitan area. The city is located at the foot of Vitosha Mountain in the western part of the country, within less than drive from the Serbian border. Its location in the centre of the Balkan peninsula means that it is the midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, whereas the Aegean Sea is the closest to it.

text: Sofia

text: or

text: or

text: Sofiya

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: while

text: million

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: its

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: Vitosha

text: Mountain

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: within

text: less

text: than

text: drive

text: from

text: the

text: Serbian

text: border

text: Its

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: means

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: midway

text: between

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: whereas

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: the

text: closest

text: to

text: it

text: Plovdiv is the second-largest city in Bulgaria with a population of 341,567 inhabitants , while 544,628 live in its urban area. It is an important economic, transport, cultural, and educational center. Plovdiv has evidence of habitation since the 6th millennium BC when the first Neolithic settlements were established. It is said to be one of the oldest cities in the world.

text: Plovdiv

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Bulgaria

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: while

text: live

text: in

text: its

text: urban

text: area

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: economic

text: transport

text: cultural

text: and

text: educational

text: center

text: Plovdiv

text: has

text: evidence

text: of

text: habitation

text: since

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: Neolithic

text: settlements

text: were

text: established

text: It

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic center. It was known in the Roman period under the name "Scupi".

text: Skopje

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: political

text: cultural

text: economic

text: and

text: academic

text: center

text: It

text: was

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: period

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Scupi

question: place_of_death ivan nenov

answer: sofia

text: sofia

text: sofia

text: sofia

text: sofia

text: sofia

text: sofia

text: sofia


text: The Tibetan people are an ethnic group that is native to Tibet. They number an estimate of 7.8 million. Significant Tibetan minorities also live outside of Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) in China, and in India, Nepal, and Bhutan.

text: The

text: Tibetan

text: people

text: are

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: that

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: Tibet

text: They

text: number

text: an

text: estimate

text: of

text: million

text: Significant

text: Tibetan

text: minorities

text: also

text: live

text: outside

text: of

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: TAR

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: in

text: India

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: Tibet (Tibetan Pinyin: "boe", ; /i ts¹/) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang, and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of . The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain, rising 8,848 m (29,029 ft) above sea level.

text: Tibet

text: Tibetan

text: Pinyin

text: boe

text: /i

text: is

text: region

text: on

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: in

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: traditional

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: people

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: other

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: Monpa

text: Qiang

text: and

text: Lhoba

text: peoples

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: also

text: inhabited

text: by

text: considerable

text: numbers

text: of

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: and

text: Hui

text: people

text: Tibet

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: region

text: on

text: Earth

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: elevation

text: of

text: The

text: highest

text: elevation

text: in

text: Tibet

text: is

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: Earth

text: 's

text: highest

text: mountain

text: rising

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: Nagqu Prefecture (also Naqu or Nagchu; ) is the largest prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Nagqu has a total area of . The prefecture is divided into 11 counties and the capital of Nagchu Town is located within Nagqu County.

text: Nagqu

text: Prefecture

text: also

text: Naqu

text: or

text: Nagchu

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: prefecture

text: of

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: Nagqu

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: The

text: prefecture

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: counties

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Nagchu

text: Town

text: is

text: located

text: within

text: Nagqu

text: County

text: An ethnic group or ethnicity is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities, such as common ancestral, language, social, cultural or national experiences. Unlike other social groups (wealth, age, hobbies), ethnicity is often an inherited status based on the society in which one lives. In some cases, it can be adopted if a person moves into another society. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language or dialect, symbolic systems such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, and physical appearance.

text: An

text: ethnic

text: group

text: or

text: ethnicity

text: is

text: category

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: identify

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: based

text: on

text: similarities

text: such

text: as

text: common

text: ancestral

text: language

text: social

text: cultural

text: or

text: national

text: experiences

text: Unlike

text: other

text: social

text: groups

text: wealth

text: age

text: hobbies

text: ethnicity

text: is

text: often

text: an

text: inherited

text: status

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: society

text: in

text: which

text: one

text: lives

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: adopted

text: if

text: person

text: moves

text: into

text: another

text: society

text: Membership

text: of

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: defined

text: by

text: shared

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: ancestry

text: origin

text: myth

text: history

text: homeland

text: language

text: or

text: dialect

text: symbolic

text: systems

text: such

text: as

text: religion

text: mythology

text: and

text: ritual

text: cuisine

text: dressing

text: style

text: art

text: and

text: physical

text: appearance

text: Nagqu County is a county within the Nagqu Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region, western People's Republic of China. The name of the county in the Tibetan language means "black river".

text: Nagqu

text: County

text: is

text: county

text: within

text: the

text: Nagqu

text: Prefecture

text: of

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: western

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: The

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: language

text: means

text: black

text: river

text: The SASM/GNC/SRC romanization of Tibetan, commonly known as Tibetan pinyin, is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in the People's Republic of China for personal names and place names. It is based on the Lhasa dialect of Standard Tibetan and reflects the pronunciation except that it does not mark tone. It is used within China as an alternative to the Wylie transliteration for writing Tibetan in the Latin script within academic circles; Wylie transliteration (with a "v" replacing the apostrophe) is more commonly used.

text: The

text: SASM

text: GNC

text: SRC

text: romanization

text: of

text: Tibetan

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Tibetan

text: pinyin

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: transcription

text: system

text: for

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: for

text: personal

text: names

text: and

text: place

text: names

text: It

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Lhasa

text: dialect

text: of

text: Standard

text: Tibetan

text: and

text: reflects

text: the

text: pronunciation

text: except

text: that

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: mark

text: tone

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: within

text: China

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: the

text: Wylie

text: transliteration

text: for

text: writing

text: Tibetan

text: in

text: the

text: Latin

text: script

text: within

text: academic

text: circles

text: Wylie

text: transliteration

text: with

text: replacing

text: the

text: apostrophe

text: is

text: more

text: commonly

text: used

text: Nagqu Town , also known as Nagchu or Naqu ( Chinese :  ; pinyin : Nàq ) , is a town in northern Tibet , seat of Nagqu Prefecture , approximately 328 km ( 204 mi ) by road north - east of the capital Lhasa , within the China . It is connected by the Qingzang railway at 4,526 m ( 14,849 ft ) . At the time of the visit in 1950 of Thubten Jigme Norbu , the elder brother of Tenzin Gyatso the 14th Dalai Lama , Nagchukha was a small town with only a few clay huts but was also the headquarters of the District Officer , the Dzongpön . It was on the main caravan route coming from Amdo to Central Tibet . China is planning to build Nagqu Airport , the highest airport in the world at an altitude of 4,436 m ( 14,554 ft ) . The construction is planned to start in 2011 and expected to take three years to complete . When completed , it will overtake the current highest , Qamdo Bangda Airport , with an elevation of 4,334 m ( 14,219 ft ) . With all months having a mean temperature below 10 ° C , Nagqu has a alpine climate ( Köppen EH ) , with long , very cold and dry winters , and short , cool summers . due to the town 's high altitude .

text: Nagqu

text: Town

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Nagchu

text: or

text: Naqu

text: Chinese

text: pinyin

text: Nàq

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: northern

text: Tibet

text: seat

text: of

text: Nagqu

text: Prefecture

text: approximately

text: km

text: mi

text: by

text: road

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: Lhasa

text: within

text: the

text: China

text: It

text: is

text: connected

text: by

text: the

text: Qingzang

text: railway

text: at

text: ft

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: visit

text: in

text: of

text: Thubten

text: Jigme

text: Norbu

text: the

text: elder

text: brother

text: of

text: Tenzin

text: Gyatso

text: the

text: Dalai

text: Lama

text: Nagchukha

text: was

text: small

text: town

text: with

text: only

text: few

text: clay

text: huts

text: but

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: District

text: Officer

text: the

text: Dzongpön

text: It

text: was

text: on

text: the

text: main

text: caravan

text: route

text: coming

text: from

text: Amdo

text: to

text: Central

text: Tibet

text: China

text: is

text: planning

text: to

text: build

text: Nagqu

text: Airport

text: the

text: highest

text: airport

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: at

text: an

text: altitude

text: of

text: ft

text: The

text: construction

text: is

text: planned

text: to

text: start

text: in

text: and

text: expected

text: to

text: take

text: three

text: years

text: to

text: complete

text: When

text: completed

text: it

text: will

text: overtake

text: the

text: current

text: highest

text: Qamdo

text: Bangda

text: Airport

text: with

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: ft

text: With

text: all

text: months

text: having

text: mean

text: temperature

text: below

text: Nagqu

text: has

text: alpine

text: climate

text: Köppen

text: EH

text: with

text: long

text: very

text: cold

text: and

text: dry

text: winters

text: and

text: short

text: cool

text: summers

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: town

text: 's

text: high

text: altitude

text: The Han Chinese, Han people or simply Han (; pinyin: "Hànzú", literally "Han ethnicity" or "Han ethnic group"; or ; pinyin: "Hànrén", literally "Han people") are an ethnic group native to East Asia. They constitute approximately 92% of the population of China, 95% of Taiwan (Han Taiwanese), 76% of Singapore, 23% of Malaysia and about 18% of the global population. Han Chinese are the world's largest ethnic group with over 1.3 billion people.

text: The

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: Han

text: people

text: or

text: simply

text: Han

text: pinyin

text: Hànzú

text: literally

text: Han

text: ethnicity

text: or

text: Han

text: ethnic

text: group

text: or

text: pinyin

text: Hànrén

text: literally

text: Han

text: people

text: are

text: an

text: ethnic

text: group

text: native

text: to

text: East

text: Asia

text: They

text: constitute

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: China

text: of

text: Taiwan

text: Han

text: Taiwanese

text: of

text: Singapore

text: of

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: are

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: ethnic

text: group

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) or Xizang Autonomous Region, called Tibet or Xizang for short, is a province-level autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC). It was formally established in 1965 to replace the Tibet Area, an administrative division the PRC inherited from the Republic of China (ROC), about 5 years after the dismissal of the Kashag by the PRC following the 1959 Tibetan uprising, and about 13 years from the Tibet's incorporation into the PRC in 1951.

text: The

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: TAR

text: or

text: Xizang

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: called

text: Tibet

text: or

text: Xizang

text: for

text: short

text: is

text: province

text: level

text: autonomous

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: It

text: was

text: formally

text: established

text: in

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Area

text: an

text: administrative

text: division

text: the

text: PRC

text: inherited

text: from

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: ROC

text: about

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: dismissal

text: of

text: the

text: Kashag

text: by

text: the

text: PRC

text: following

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: uprising

text: and

text: about

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: Tibet

text: 's

text: incorporation

text: into

text: the

text: PRC

text: in

text: The Tibetan Plateau, also known in China as the QinghaiTibet Plateau or the Qingzang Plateau or Himalayan Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau in Central Asia and East Asia, covering most of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province in western China, as well as part of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir state of India. It stretches approximately north to south and east to west. With an average elevation exceeding , the Tibetan Plateau is sometimes called "the Roof of the World" and is the world's highest and largest plateau, with an area of (about five times the size of Metropolitan France). Sometimes termed the Third Pole, the Tibetan Plateau contains the headwaters of the drainage basins of most of the streams in surrounding regions. Its tens of thousands of glaciers and other geographical and ecological features serve as a "water tower" storing water and maintaining flow. The impact of global warming on the Tibetan Plateau is of intense scientific interest.

text: The

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: the

text: QinghaiTibet

text: Plateau

text: or

text: the

text: Qingzang

text: Plateau

text: or

text: Himalayan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: vast

text: elevated

text: plateau

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: East

text: Asia

text: covering

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: and

text: Qinghai

text: Province

text: in

text: western

text: China

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Ladakh

text: in

text: Jammu

text: and

text: Kashmir

text: state

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: stretches

text: approximately

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: With

text: an

text: average

text: elevation

text: exceeding

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Roof

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: highest

text: and

text: largest

text: plateau

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: five

text: times

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: Metropolitan

text: France

text: Sometimes

text: termed

text: the

text: Third

text: Pole

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: contains

text: the

text: headwaters

text: of

text: the

text: drainage

text: basins

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: streams

text: in

text: surrounding

text: regions

text: Its

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: glaciers

text: and

text: other

text: geographical

text: and

text: ecological

text: features

text: serve

text: as

text: water

text: tower

text: storing

text: water

text: and

text: maintaining

text: flow

text: The

text: impact

text: of

text: global

text: warming

text: on

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: of

text: intense

text: scientific

text: interest

text: The Hui people (Xiao'erjing: ; Dungan: , "Xuejzw") are a Chinese ethnic group which is composed predominantly of adherents of the Muslim faith and found throughout China, though they are concentrated mainly in the Northwestern provinces of the country and the Zhongyuan. According to a 2011 census, China is home to approximately 10.5 million Hui people, the majority of whom are Chinese-speaking practitioners of Islam, though some practice other religions.

text: The

text: Hui

text: people

text: Xiao'erjing

text: Dungan

text: Xuejzw

text: are

text: Chinese

text: ethnic

text: group

text: which

text: is

text: composed

text: predominantly

text: of

text: adherents

text: of

text: the

text: Muslim

text: faith

text: and

text: found

text: throughout

text: China

text: though

text: they

text: are

text: concentrated

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: Northwestern

text: provinces

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: Zhongyuan

text: According

text: to

text: census

text: China

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: approximately

text: million

text: Hui

text: people

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: Chinese

text: speaking

text: practitioners

text: of

text: Islam

text: though

text: some

text: practice

text: other

text: religions

text: Lhoba (Lo, Klo, Glo) is any of a diverse amalgamation of Sino-Tibetan-speaking tribespeople living in and around Pemako, a region in southeastern Tibet including Mainling, Medog, Zayü counties of Nyingchi Prefecture and Lhünzê County of Lhoka (Shannan) Prefecture. The term is of obscure, though probably Standard Tibetan, in origin and is largely promulgated by the Chinese government, which officially recognises Lhoba as one of the 56 ethnic groups in China.

text: Lhoba

text: Lo

text: Klo

text: Glo

text: is

text: any

text: of

text: diverse

text: amalgamation

text: of

text: Sino

text: Tibetan

text: speaking

text: tribespeople

text: living

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: Pemako

text: region

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Tibet

text: including

text: Mainling

text: Medog

text: Zayü

text: counties

text: of

text: Nyingchi

text: Prefecture

text: and

text: Lhünzê

text: County

text: of

text: Lhoka

text: Shannan

text: Prefecture

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: of

text: obscure

text: though

text: probably

text: Standard

text: Tibetan

text: in

text: origin

text: and

text: is

text: largely

text: promulgated

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: government

text: which

text: officially

text: recognises

text: Lhoba

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: in

text: China

text: Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.

text: Asia

text: is

text: Earth

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: hemispheres

text: and

text: sharing

text: the

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: continent

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: civilizations

text: Asia

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: its

text: overall

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: also

text: dense

text: and

text: large

text: settlements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: vast

text: barely

text: populated

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: billion

text: people

text: Mount Everest, also known in Nepal as Sagarmth and in China as Chomolungma/, is earth's highest mountain. Its peak is above sea level. Mount Everest is in the Mahalangur Range. The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across Everest's summit point. Its massif includes neighbouring peaks Lhotse, ; Nuptse, , and Changtse, .

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: Nepal

text: as

text: Sagarmth

text: and

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: Chomolungma/

text: is

text: earth

text: 's

text: highest

text: mountain

text: Its

text: peak

text: is

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Mahalangur

text: Range

text: The

text: international

text: border

text: between

text: China

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: and

text: Nepal

text: runs

text: across

text: Everest

text: 's

text: summit

text: point

text: Its

text: massif

text: includes

text: neighbouring

text: peaks

text: Lhotse

text: Nuptse

text: and

text: Changtse

text: Lhasa is a city and administrative capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. The main urban area of Lhasa is roughly equivalent to the administrative borders of Chengguan District, which is part of the wider Lhasa prefecture-level city, an area formerly administered as a prefecture.

text: Lhasa

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: administrative

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: The

text: main

text: urban

text: area

text: of

text: Lhasa

text: is

text: roughly

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: administrative

text: borders

text: of

text: Chengguan

text: District

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Lhasa

text: prefecture

text: level

text: city

text: an

text: area

text: formerly

text: administered

text: as

text: prefecture

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity nagqu town

answer: nagqu county

text: nagqu county

text: nagqu county


text: The City of London is a city and county within London. It constituted most of London from its settlement by the Romans in the 1st century AD to the Middle Ages, but the agglomeration has since grown far beyond the City's borders. The City is now only a tiny part of the metropolis of London, though it remains a notable part of central London. Administratively, it forms one of the 33 local authority districts of Greater London; however, the City of London is not a London borough, a status reserved for the other 32 districts (including London's only other city, the City of Westminster).

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: county

text: within

text: London

text: It

text: constituted

text: most

text: of

text: London

text: from

text: its

text: settlement

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: but

text: the

text: agglomeration

text: has

text: since

text: grown

text: far

text: beyond

text: the

text: City

text: 's

text: borders

text: The

text: City

text: is

text: now

text: only

text: tiny

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: metropolis

text: of

text: London

text: though

text: it

text: remains

text: notable

text: part

text: of

text: central

text: London

text: Administratively

text: it

text: forms

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: authority

text: districts

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: however

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: not

text: London

text: borough

text: status

text: reserved

text: for

text: the

text: other

text: districts

text: including

text: London

text: 's

text: only

text: other

text: city

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: Prince of Orange is a title originally associated with the sovereign Principality of Orange, in what is now southern France. Under the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, Frederick William I of Prussia ceded the Principality of Orange to King Louis XIV of France (while retaining the title as part of his dynastic titulature). After William III of England died without children, a dispute arose between Johan Willem Friso and Frederick I of Prussia, which was settled in the Treaty of Partition (1732); consequently, Friso's son, William IV had to share use of the title "Prince of Orange" (which had accumulated prestige in the Netherlands and throughout the Protestant world) with Frederick William I of Prussia. The title is traditionally borne by the heir apparent of the Dutch monarch. The title descends via absolute primogeniture since 1983, meaning that its holder can be either Prince or Princess of Orange.

text: Prince

text: of

text: Orange

text: is

text: title

text: originally

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: sovereign

text: Principality

text: of

text: Orange

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: southern

text: France

text: Under

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: of

text: Frederick

text: William

text: of

text: Prussia

text: ceded

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Orange

text: to

text: King

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: of

text: France

text: while

text: retaining

text: the

text: title

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: dynastic

text: titulature

text: After

text: William

text: III

text: of

text: England

text: died

text: without

text: children

text: dispute

text: arose

text: between

text: Johan

text: Willem

text: Friso

text: and

text: Frederick

text: of

text: Prussia

text: which

text: was

text: settled

text: in

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Partition

text: consequently

text: Friso

text: 's

text: son

text: William

text: IV

text: had

text: to

text: share

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: Prince

text: of

text: Orange

text: which

text: had

text: accumulated

text: prestige

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: and

text: throughout

text: the

text: Protestant

text: world

text: with

text: Frederick

text: William

text: of

text: Prussia

text: The

text: title

text: is

text: traditionally

text: borne

text: by

text: the

text: heir

text: apparent

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: monarch

text: The

text: title

text: descends

text: via

text: absolute

text: primogeniture

text: since

text: meaning

text: that

text: its

text: holder

text: can

text: be

text: either

text: Prince

text: or

text: Princess

text: of

text: Orange

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Louis XIV (5 September 16381 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (') or the Sun King ('), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any monarch of a major country in European history. In this age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's France was a leader in the growing centralization of power.

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: September

text: September

text: known

text: as

text: Louis

text: the

text: Great

text: or

text: the

text: Sun

text: King

text: was

text: monarch

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Bourbon

text: who

text: ruled

text: as

text: King

text: of

text: France

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: His

text: reign

text: of

text: years

text: and

text: days

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: of

text: any

text: monarch

text: of

text: major

text: country

text: in

text: European

text: history

text: In

text: this

text: age

text: of

text: absolutism

text: in

text: Europe

text: Louis

text: XIV

text: 's

text: France

text: was

text: leader

text: in

text: the

text: growing

text: centralization

text: of

text: power

text: William III (4 November 1650  8 March 1702; also widely known as William of Orange) was sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from 1672, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death. It is a coincidence that his regnal number (III) was the same for both Orange and England. As King of Scotland, he is known as William II. He is informally known by sections of the population in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy".

text: William

text: III

text: November

text: March

text: also

text: widely

text: known

text: as

text: William

text: of

text: Orange

text: was

text: sovereign

text: Prince

text: of

text: Orange

text: from

text: birth

text: Stadtholder

text: of

text: Holland

text: Zeeland

text: Utrecht

text: Gelderland

text: and

text: Overijssel

text: in

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: from

text: and

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: Ireland

text: and

text: Scotland

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: It

text: is

text: coincidence

text: that

text: his

text: regnal

text: number

text: III

text: was

text: the

text: same

text: for

text: both

text: Orange

text: and

text: England

text: As

text: King

text: of

text: Scotland

text: he

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: William

text: II

text: He

text: is

text: informally

text: known

text: by

text: sections

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: and

text: Scotland

text: as

text: King

text: Billy

text: Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.

text: Great

text: Britain

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Britain

text: is

text: large

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: northwest

text: coast

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: the

text: island

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: after

text: Java

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: Honshu

text: in

text: Japan

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: situated

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: it

text: and

text: together

text: these

text: islands

text: along

text: with

text: over

text: smaller

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: comprise

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: archipelago

text: Surrey is a county in the south east of England and also one of the home counties bordering Greater London. Surrey shares borders with Kent to the east, East Sussex to the south-east, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west and south-west and Berkshire to the north-west. The county town is Guildford. Surrey County Council sits extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames, administered as part of Greater London since 1965. With a resident population of 1.1 million, Surrey is the most densely populated and third most populated county in the South East region, after Kent and Hampshire.

text: Surrey

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: home

text: counties

text: bordering

text: Greater

text: London

text: Surrey

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: Kent

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: East

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: West

text: Sussex

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Hampshire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: west

text: and

text: Berkshire

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Guildford

text: Surrey

text: County

text: Council

text: sits

text: extraterritorially

text: at

text: Kingston

text: upon

text: Thames

text: administered

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: since

text: With

text: resident

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Surrey

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: and

text: third

text: most

text: populated

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: region

text: after

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hampshire

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: Londinium was a settlement established on the current site of the City of London around  43. Its bridge over the River Thames turned the city into a road nexus and major port, serving as a major commercial centre in Roman Britain until its abandonment during the 5th century.

text: Londinium

text: was

text: settlement

text: established

text: on

text: the

text: current

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: around

text: Its

text: bridge

text: over

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: turned

text: the

text: city

text: into

text: road

text: nexus

text: and

text: major

text: port

text: serving

text: as

text: major

text: commercial

text: centre

text: in

text: Roman

text: Britain

text: until

text: its

text: abandonment

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: The Treaty of Utrecht, which established the Peace of Utrecht, is a series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713. The treaties between several European states, including Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war.

text: The

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: Peace

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: individual

text: peace

text: treaties

text: rather

text: than

text: single

text: document

text: signed

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: in

text: the

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Succession

text: in

text: the

text: Dutch

text: city

text: of

text: Utrecht

text: in

text: March

text: and

text: April

text: The

text: treaties

text: between

text: several

text: European

text: states

text: including

text: Spain

text: Great

text: Britain

text: France

text: Portugal

text: Savoy

text: and

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Republic

text: helped

text: end

text: the

text: war

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: The London Assembly is an elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds majority, to amend the Mayor's annual budget and to reject the Mayor's draft statutory strategies. The assembly was established in 2000 and meets at City Hall on the South Bank of the River Thames, close to Tower Bridge. The assembly is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners (transport, environmental matters, etc.), publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the Mayor.

text: The

text: London

text: Assembly

text: is

text: an

text: elected

text: body

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: London

text: Authority

text: that

text: scrutinises

text: the

text: activities

text: of

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: power

text: with

text: two

text: thirds

text: majority

text: to

text: amend

text: the

text: Mayor

text: 's

text: annual

text: budget

text: and

text: to

text: reject

text: the

text: Mayor

text: 's

text: draft

text: statutory

text: strategies

text: The

text: assembly

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: meets

text: at

text: City

text: Hall

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: Bank

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: close

text: to

text: Tower

text: Bridge

text: The

text: assembly

text: is

text: also

text: able

text: to

text: investigate

text: other

text: issues

text: of

text: importance

text: to

text: Londoners

text: transport

text: environmental

text: matters

text: etc

text: publish

text: its

text: findings

text: and

text: recommendations

text: and

text: make

text: proposals

text: to

text: the

text: Mayor

text: Middlesex (abbreviation: Middx) was a county in southeast England that is now mostly part of Greater London, with small sections in neighbouring counties. It was established in the Anglo-Saxon system from the territory of the Middle Saxons, and existed as an official unit until 1965. The historic county included land stretching north of the River Thames from east to west of the City of London with the rivers Colne and Lea and a ridge of hills as the other boundaries. The largely low-lying county, dominated by clay in its north and alluvium on gravel in its south, was the second smallest by area in 1831.

text: Middlesex

text: abbreviation

text: Middx

text: was

text: county

text: in

text: southeast

text: England

text: that

text: is

text: now

text: mostly

text: part

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: with

text: small

text: sections

text: in

text: neighbouring

text: counties

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: system

text: from

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: Middle

text: Saxons

text: and

text: existed

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: unit

text: until

text: The

text: historic

text: county

text: included

text: land

text: stretching

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: from

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: with

text: the

text: rivers

text: Colne

text: and

text: Lea

text: and

text: ridge

text: of

text: hills

text: as

text: the

text: other

text: boundaries

text: The

text: largely

text: low

text: lying

text: county

text: dominated

text: by

text: clay

text: in

text: its

text: north

text: and

text: alluvium

text: on

text: gravel

text: in

text: its

text: south

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: smallest

text: by

text: area

text: in

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: The Mayor of London is an elected politician who, along with the London Assembly of 25 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London. The current mayor is Sadiq Khan, who took up office on 9 May 2016. The position had been held by Ken Livingstone from the creation of the role on 4 May 2000 until he was defeated in 2008 by Boris Johnson, who served two terms before being succeeded by Khan.

text: The

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: an

text: elected

text: politician

text: who

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: of

text: members

text: is

text: accountable

text: for

text: the

text: strategic

text: government

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: The

text: current

text: mayor

text: is

text: Sadiq

text: Khan

text: who

text: took

text: up

text: office

text: on

text: May

text: The

text: position

text: had

text: been

text: held

text: by

text: Ken

text: Livingstone

text: from

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: role

text: on

text: May

text: until

text: he

text: was

text: defeated

text: in

text: by

text: Boris

text: Johnson

text: who

text: served

text: two

text: terms

text: before

text: being

text: succeeded

text: by

text: Khan

text: Prussia was a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and centred on the region of Prussia. For centuries, the House of ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organised and effective army. Prussia, with its capital in and from 1701 in Berlin, shaped the history of Germany. In 1871, German states united to create the German Empire under Prussian leadership. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the German Revolution of 191819. The Kingdom of Prussia was thus abolished in favour of a republicthe Free State of Prussia, a state of Germany from 1918 until 1933. From 1933, Prussia lost its independence as a result of the Prussian coup, when the Nazi regime was successfully establishing its ' laws in pursuit of a unitary state. With the end of the Nazi regime, the division of Germany into allied-occupation zones and the separation of its territories east of the line, which were incorporated into Poland and the Soviet Union, the State of Prussia ceased to exist de facto in 1945. Prussia existed "" until its formal liquidation by the Allied Control Council Enactment No. 46 of 25 February 1947.

text: Prussia

text: was

text: historic

text: state

text: originating

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: the

text: Margraviate

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: and

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Prussia

text: For

text: centuries

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: ruled

text: Prussia

text: successfully

text: expanding

text: its

text: size

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: an

text: unusually

text: well

text: organised

text: and

text: effective

text: army

text: Prussia

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: in

text: and

text: from

text: in

text: Berlin

text: shaped

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Germany

text: In

text: German

text: states

text: united

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: under

text: Prussian

text: leadership

text: In

text: November

text: the

text: monarchies

text: were

text: abolished

text: and

text: the

text: nobility

text: lost

text: its

text: political

text: power

text: during

text: the

text: German

text: Revolution

text: of

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: was

text: thus

text: abolished

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: republicthe

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Prussia

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: from

text: until

text: From

text: Prussia

text: lost

text: its

text: independence

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: coup

text: when

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: was

text: successfully

text: establishing

text: its

text: laws

text: in

text: pursuit

text: of

text: unitary

text: state

text: With

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: Germany

text: into

text: allied

text: occupation

text: zones

text: and

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: its

text: territories

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: which

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Prussia

text: ceased

text: to

text: exist

text: de

text: facto

text: in

text: Prussia

text: existed

text: until

text: its

text: formal

text: liquidation

text: by

text: the

text: Allied

text: Control

text: Council

text: Enactment

text: No

text: of

text: February

text: The Principality of Orange (in French "la Principauté d'Orange") was, from 1163 to 1713, a feudal state in Provence, in the south of modern-day France, on the left bank of the river Rhone north of the city of Avignon.

text: The

text: Principality

text: of

text: Orange

text: in

text: French

text: la

text: Principauté

text: d'Orange

text: was

text: from

text: to

text: feudal

text: state

text: in

text: Provence

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: France

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: Rhone

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Avignon

text: Francesco Guerini ( fl . 1740 -- 1770 ) was a Neapolitan violinist and composer whose works were published throughout Europe in the mid 18th century . While his birthdate is unknown , Guerini worked in The Hague for the Prince of Orange from 1740 until 1760 , at which time he moved to London , where he was active until 1770 . Most of Guerini 's published compositions were sonatas for one or two violins and continuo , but he also wrote keyboard works as well as Six Sonates / A deux Flûtes , ou deux Violons ... Ouevre III ( with no continuo ) , Paris , ca . 1750 , or Six Solos for a Violoncello with a Thorough Bass for the Harpsichord , Opus 9 , first published in London in 1765 .

text: Francesco

text: Guerini

text: fl

text: was

text: Neapolitan

text: violinist

text: and

text: composer

text: whose

text: works

text: were

text: published

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: century

text: While

text: his

text: birthdate

text: is

text: unknown

text: Guerini

text: worked

text: in

text: The

text: Hague

text: for

text: the

text: Prince

text: of

text: Orange

text: from

text: until

text: at

text: which

text: time

text: he

text: moved

text: to

text: London

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: active

text: until

text: Most

text: of

text: Guerini

text: 's

text: published

text: compositions

text: were

text: sonatas

text: for

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: violins

text: and

text: continuo

text: but

text: he

text: also

text: wrote

text: keyboard

text: works

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Six

text: Sonates

text: deux

text: Flûtes

text: ou

text: deux

text: Violons

text: Ouevre

text: III

text: with

text: no

text: continuo

text: Paris

text: ca

text: or

text: Six

text: Solos

text: for

text: Violoncello

text: with

text: Thorough

text: Bass

text: for

text: the

text: Harpsichord

text: Opus

text: first

text: published

text: in

text: London

text: in

text: Frederick William I (14 August 1688  31 May 1740), known as the 'Soldier King,' was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death, as well as the father of Frederick the Great. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.

text: Frederick

text: William

text: August

text: May

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Soldier

text: King

text: was

text: the

text: King

text: in

text: Prussia

text: and

text: Elector

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: Frederick

text: the

text: Great

text: He

text: was

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: the

text: sovereign

text: prince

text: of

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Neuchâtel

text: Frederick I (11 July 1657  25 February 1713), of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was (as Frederick III) Elector of Brandenburg (16881713) and Duke of Prussia in personal union (Brandenburg-Prussia). The latter function he upgraded to royalty, becoming the first King in Prussia (17011713). From 1707 he was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel. He was also the paternal grandfather of Frederick the Great.

text: Frederick

text: July

text: February

text: of

text: the

text: Hohenzollern

text: dynasty

text: was

text: as

text: Frederick

text: III

text: Elector

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: and

text: Duke

text: of

text: Prussia

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: Brandenburg

text: Prussia

text: The

text: latter

text: function

text: he

text: upgraded

text: to

text: royalty

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: King

text: in

text: Prussia

text: From

text: he

text: was

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: the

text: sovereign

text: prince

text: of

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Neuchâtel

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: paternal

text: grandfather

text: of

text: Frederick

text: the

text: Great

question: date_of_death francesco guerini

answer: 1701