text: Have I Got News for You is a British television panel show produced by Hat Trick Productions for the BBC. It is loosely based on the BBC Radio 4 show "The News Quiz", and has been regularly broadcast since 1990. The show has cultivated a reputation for sailing close to the wind in matters of libel and slander with its topical and satirical remit.

text: Have

text: Got

text: News

text: for

text: You

text: is

text: British

text: television

text: panel

text: show

text: produced

text: by

text: Hat

text: Trick

text: Productions

text: for

text: the

text: BBC

text: It

text: is

text: loosely

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: show

text: The

text: News

text: Quiz

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: regularly

text: broadcast

text: since

text: The

text: show

text: has

text: cultivated

text: reputation

text: for

text: sailing

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: wind

text: in

text: matters

text: of

text: libel

text: and

text: slander

text: with

text: its

text: topical

text: and

text: satirical

text: remit

text: British comedy, in film, radio and television, is known for its consistently quirky characters, plots and settings, and has produced some of the most famous and memorable comic actors and characters.

text: British

text: comedy

text: in

text: film

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: consistently

text: quirky

text: characters

text: plots

text: and

text: settings

text: and

text: has

text: produced

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: and

text: memorable

text: comic

text: actors

text: and

text: characters

text: Stephen John Fry (born 24 August 1957) is an English comedian, actor, writer, presenter, and activist. After a troubled childhood and adolescence, during which he was expelled from two schools and spent three months in prison for credit card fraud, Fry secured a place at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he studied English literature. While at university, he became involved with the Cambridge Footlights, where he met his long-time collaborator Hugh Laurie. As half of the comic double act Fry and Laurie, he co-wrote and co-starred in "A Bit of Fry & Laurie" and also took the role of Jeeves (with Laurie playing Wooster) in "Jeeves and Wooster".

text: Stephen

text: John

text: Fry

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: comedian

text: actor

text: writer

text: presenter

text: and

text: activist

text: After

text: troubled

text: childhood

text: and

text: adolescence

text: during

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: expelled

text: from

text: two

text: schools

text: and

text: spent

text: three

text: months

text: in

text: prison

text: for

text: credit

text: card

text: fraud

text: Fry

text: secured

text: place

text: at

text: Queens

text: College

text: Cambridge

text: where

text: he

text: studied

text: English

text: literature

text: While

text: at

text: university

text: he

text: became

text: involved

text: with

text: the

text: Cambridge

text: Footlights

text: where

text: he

text: met

text: his

text: long

text: time

text: collaborator

text: Hugh

text: Laurie

text: As

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: comic

text: double

text: act

text: Fry

text: and

text: Laurie

text: he

text: co

text: wrote

text: and

text: co

text: starred

text: in

text: Bit

text: of

text: Fry

text: Laurie

text: and

text: also

text: took

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Jeeves

text: with

text: Laurie

text: playing

text: Wooster

text: in

text: Jeeves

text: and

text: Wooster

text: The BBC Home Service was a British national radio station that broadcast from 1939 until 1967, when it became the current BBC Radio 4.

text: The

text: BBC

text: Home

text: Service

text: was

text: British

text: national

text: radio

text: station

text: that

text: broadcast

text: from

text: until

text: when

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: current

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: Dara Ó Briain (born 4 February 1972) is an Irish comedian and television presenter in the United Kingdom and Ireland. He is noted for hosting topical panel shows such as "Mock the Week", "The Panel", and "". His TV work also includes starring in and writing of television comedy and documentary series. Ó Briain has also been a newspaper columnist, with pieces published in national papers in both Britain and Ireland.

text: Dara

text: Ó

text: Briain

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: Irish

text: comedian

text: and

text: television

text: presenter

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Ireland

text: He

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: hosting

text: topical

text: panel

text: shows

text: such

text: as

text: Mock

text: the

text: Week

text: The

text: Panel

text: and

text: His

text: TV

text: work

text: also

text: includes

text: starring

text: in

text: and

text: writing

text: of

text: television

text: comedy

text: and

text: documentary

text: series

text: Ó

text: Briain

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: newspaper

text: columnist

text: with

text: pieces

text: published

text: in

text: national

text: papers

text: in

text: both

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: Channel 4 is a British public-service television broadcaster that began transmission on 2 November 1982. Although largely commercially self-funded, it is ultimately publicly owned; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the station is now owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation, a public corporation of the Department for Culture, Media & Sport, which was established in 1990 and came into operation in 1993. With the conversion of the Wenvoe transmitter group in Wales to digital on 31 March 2010, Channel 4 became a UK-wide TV channel for the first time.

text: Channel

text: is

text: British

text: public

text: service

text: television

text: broadcaster

text: that

text: began

text: transmission

text: on

text: November

text: Although

text: largely

text: commercially

text: self

text: funded

text: it

text: is

text: ultimately

text: publicly

text: owned

text: originally

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: the

text: Independent

text: Broadcasting

text: Authority

text: IBA

text: the

text: station

text: is

text: now

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: Channel

text: Four

text: Television

text: Corporation

text: public

text: corporation

text: of

text: the

text: Department

text: for

text: Culture

text: Media

text: Sport

text: which

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: operation

text: in

text: With

text: the

text: conversion

text: of

text: the

text: Wenvoe

text: transmitter

text: group

text: in

text: Wales

text: to

text: digital

text: on

text: March

text: Channel

text: became

text: UK

text: wide

text: TV

text: channel

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: BBC Radio 4 is a radio station owned and operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) that broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes including news, drama, comedy, science and history. It replaced the BBC Home Service in 1967. The station controller is Gwyneth Williams; and the station is part of BBC Radio and the "BBC Radio" department. The station is broadcast from the BBC's headquarters at Broadcasting House, London.

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: is

text: radio

text: station

text: owned

text: and

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Broadcasting

text: Corporation

text: BBC

text: that

text: broadcasts

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: spoken

text: word

text: programmes

text: including

text: news

text: drama

text: comedy

text: science

text: and

text: history

text: It

text: replaced

text: the

text: BBC

text: Home

text: Service

text: in

text: The

text: station

text: controller

text: is

text: Gwyneth

text: Williams

text: and

text: the

text: station

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: and

text: the

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: department

text: The

text: station

text: is

text: broadcast

text: from

text: the

text: BBC

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: at

text: Broadcasting

text: House

text: London

text: Channel Four Television Corporation (informally Channel Four) is a publicly owned media company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. Its original and principal activity is the British national television network Channel 4.

text: Channel

text: Four

text: Television

text: Corporation

text: informally

text: Channel

text: Four

text: is

text: publicly

text: owned

text: media

text: company

text: headquartered

text: in

text: London

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Its

text: original

text: and

text: principal

text: activity

text: is

text: the

text: British

text: national

text: television

text: network

text: Channel

text: BBC Radio is an operational business division and service of the British Broadcasting Corporation (which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal Charter since 1927). The service provides national radio stations covering the majority of musical genres, as well as local radio stations covering local news, affairs and interests. It also oversees online audio content.

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: is

text: an

text: operational

text: business

text: division

text: and

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Broadcasting

text: Corporation

text: which

text: has

text: operated

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: Royal

text: Charter

text: since

text: The

text: service

text: provides

text: national

text: radio

text: stations

text: covering

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: musical

text: genres

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: local

text: radio

text: stations

text: covering

text: local

text: news

text: affairs

text: and

text: interests

text: It

text: also

text: oversees

text: online

text: audio

text: content

text: Clive Anderson ( born 10 December 1952 ) is an English television and radio presenter , comedy writer and former barrister . Winner of a British Comedy Award in 1991 , Anderson began experimenting with comedy and writing comedic scripts during his 15 - year legal career , before starring in Whose Line Is It Anyway ? on BBC Radio 4 , then later Channel 4 . He has also been successful with a number of radio programmes , television interviews and guest appearances on Have I Got News for You , Mock the Week and QI . He has also recently appeared on Alexander Armstrong 's TV panel show ' Alexander Armstrong 's Big Ask '

text: Clive

text: Anderson

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: television

text: and

text: radio

text: presenter

text: comedy

text: writer

text: and

text: former

text: barrister

text: Winner

text: of

text: British

text: Comedy

text: Award

text: in

text: Anderson

text: began

text: experimenting

text: with

text: comedy

text: and

text: writing

text: comedic

text: scripts

text: during

text: his

text: year

text: legal

text: career

text: before

text: starring

text: in

text: Whose

text: Line

text: Is

text: It

text: Anyway

text: on

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: then

text: later

text: Channel

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: successful

text: with

text: number

text: of

text: radio

text: programmes

text: television

text: interviews

text: and

text: guest

text: appearances

text: on

text: Have

text: Got

text: News

text: for

text: You

text: Mock

text: the

text: Week

text: and

text: QI

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: recently

text: appeared

text: on

text: Alexander

text: Armstrong

text: 's

text: TV

text: panel

text: show

text: Alexander

text: Armstrong

text: 's

text: Big

text: Ask

text: Dan Patterson is a British television producer and writer, responsible for the production of both the British and American incarnations of the improvisation show "Whose Line Is It Anyway?" and the British satirical panel show "Mock the Week" with writing partner Mark Leveson. He has also written for episodes of both shows.

text: Dan

text: Patterson

text: is

text: British

text: television

text: producer

text: and

text: writer

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: American

text: incarnations

text: of

text: the

text: improvisation

text: show

text: Whose

text: Line

text: Is

text: It

text: Anyway

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: satirical

text: panel

text: show

text: Mock

text: the

text: Week

text: with

text: writing

text: partner

text: Mark

text: Leveson

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: written

text: for

text: episodes

text: of

text: both

text: shows

text: BBC Two is the second television channel operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Channel Islands. It covers a wide range of subject matter, but tending towards more "highbrow" programmes than the more mainstream and popular BBC One. Like the BBC's other domestic TV and radio channels, it is funded by the television licence, and is therefore commercial-free. It is a comparatively well-funded public service network, regularly attaining a much higher audience share than most public service networks worldwide.

text: BBC

text: Two

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: television

text: channel

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Broadcasting

text: Corporation

text: BBC

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: and

text: Channel

text: Islands

text: It

text: covers

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: subject

text: matter

text: but

text: tending

text: towards

text: more

text: highbrow

text: programmes

text: than

text: the

text: more

text: mainstream

text: and

text: popular

text: BBC

text: One

text: Like

text: the

text: BBC

text: 's

text: other

text: domestic

text: TV

text: and

text: radio

text: channels

text: it

text: is

text: funded

text: by

text: the

text: television

text: licence

text: and

text: is

text: therefore

text: commercial

text: free

text: It

text: is

text: comparatively

text: well

text: funded

text: public

text: service

text: network

text: regularly

text: attaining

text: much

text: higher

text: audience

text: share

text: than

text: most

text: public

text: service

text: networks

text: worldwide

text: Philosophy (from Greek , "philosophia", literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. The term was probably coined by Pythagoras (c. 570  c. 495 BC). Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument and systematic presentation. Classic philosophical questions include: Is it possible to know anything and to prove it? What is most real? However, philosophers might also pose more practical and concrete questions such as: Is there a best way to live? Is it better to be just or unjust (if one can get away with it)? Do humans have free will?

text: Philosophy

text: from

text: Greek

text: philosophia

text: literally

text: love

text: of

text: wisdom

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: general

text: and

text: fundamental

text: problems

text: concerning

text: matters

text: such

text: as

text: existence

text: knowledge

text: values

text: reason

text: mind

text: and

text: language

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: probably

text: coined

text: by

text: Pythagoras

text: BC

text: Philosophical

text: methods

text: include

text: questioning

text: critical

text: discussion

text: rational

text: argument

text: and

text: systematic

text: presentation

text: Classic

text: philosophical

text: questions

text: include

text: Is

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: know

text: anything

text: and

text: to

text: prove

text: it

text: What

text: is

text: most

text: real

text: However

text: philosophers

text: might

text: also

text: pose

text: more

text: practical

text: and

text: concrete

text: questions

text: such

text: as

text: Is

text: there

text: best

text: way

text: to

text: live

text: Is

text: it

text: better

text: to

text: be

text: just

text: or

text: unjust

text: if

text: one

text: can

text: get

text: away

text: with

text: it

text: Do

text: humans

text: have

text: free

text: will

text: A barrister (also known as barrister-at-law or bar-at-law) is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions who works at higher levels of court. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the philosophy, hypothesis and history of law, and giving expert legal opinions. Often, barristers are also recognised as "legal scholars".

text: barrister

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: barrister

text: at

text: law

text: or

text: bar

text: at

text: law

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: lawyer

text: in

text: common

text: law

text: jurisdictions

text: who

text: works

text: at

text: higher

text: levels

text: of

text: court

text: Barristers

text: mostly

text: specialise

text: in

text: courtroom

text: advocacy

text: and

text: litigation

text: Their

text: tasks

text: include

text: taking

text: cases

text: in

text: superior

text: courts

text: and

text: tribunals

text: drafting

text: legal

text: pleadings

text: researching

text: the

text: philosophy

text: hypothesis

text: and

text: history

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: giving

text: expert

text: legal

text: opinions

text: Often

text: barristers

text: are

text: also

text: recognised

text: as

text: legal

text: scholars

text: The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, is the world's oldest national broadcasting organisation, and is the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees, with over 20,950 staff in total, of whom 16,672 are in public sector broadcasting; including part-time, flexible as well as fixed contract staff, the total number is 35,402.

text: The

text: British

text: Broadcasting

text: Corporation

text: BBC

text: is

text: British

text: public

text: service

text: broadcaster

text: It

text: is

text: headquartered

text: at

text: Broadcasting

text: House

text: in

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: national

text: broadcasting

text: organisation

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: broadcaster

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: employees

text: with

text: over

text: staff

text: in

text: total

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: in

text: public

text: sector

text: broadcasting

text: including

text: part

text: time

text: flexible

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: fixed

text: contract

text: staff

text: the

text: total

text: number

text: is

text: Alan Roger Davies (; born 6 March 1966) is an English stand-up comedian, writer and actor. He has played the title role in the BBC mystery drama series "Jonathan Creek" since 1997, and has been a permanent panellist on the BBC panel show "QI" from 2003.

text: Alan

text: Roger

text: Davies

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: stand

text: up

text: comedian

text: writer

text: and

text: actor

text: He

text: has

text: played

text: the

text: title

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: BBC

text: mystery

text: drama

text: series

text: Jonathan

text: Creek

text: since

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: permanent

text: panellist

text: on

text: the

text: BBC

text: panel

text: show

text: QI

text: from

text: A lawyer is a person who practices law, as an advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor or solicitor or chartered legal executive. Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.

text: lawyer

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: practices

text: law

text: as

text: an

text: advocate

text: barrister

text: attorney

text: counselor

text: or

text: solicitor

text: or

text: chartered

text: legal

text: executive

text: Working

text: as

text: lawyer

text: involves

text: the

text: practical

text: application

text: of

text: abstract

text: legal

text: theories

text: and

text: knowledge

text: to

text: solve

text: specific

text: individualized

text: problems

text: or

text: to

text: advance

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: hire

text: lawyers

text: to

text: perform

text: legal

text: services

text: The Jam were an English punk rock/mod revival band active during the late 1970s and early 1980s.

text: The

text: Jam

text: were

text: an

text: English

text: punk

text: rock

text: mod

text: revival

text: band

text: active

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Mock the Week is a British topical, satirical celebrity panel show, that was created by Dan Patterson and Mark Leveson, the same people responsible for the comedy game show "Whose Line Is It Anyway?". Performers deliver answers on unexpected subjects on the spur of the momentalthough accusations of scripting have been made by other comedians. It is made by independent production company Angst Productions, and made its debut on BBC Two on 5 June 2005, with the show's theme song being "News of the World" by The Jam. The show has featured a variety of different stand-up performers, some being part of the show for several series as a permanent fixture, with host Dara Ó Briain and comedian Hugh Dennis having appeared in every episode since its debut.

text: Mock

text: the

text: Week

text: is

text: British

text: topical

text: satirical

text: celebrity

text: panel

text: show

text: that

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: Dan

text: Patterson

text: and

text: Mark

text: Leveson

text: the

text: same

text: people

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: comedy

text: game

text: show

text: Whose

text: Line

text: Is

text: It

text: Anyway

text: Performers

text: deliver

text: answers

text: on

text: unexpected

text: subjects

text: on

text: the

text: spur

text: of

text: the

text: momentalthough

text: accusations

text: of

text: scripting

text: have

text: been

text: made

text: by

text: other

text: comedians

text: It

text: is

text: made

text: by

text: independent

text: production

text: company

text: Angst

text: Productions

text: and

text: made

text: its

text: debut

text: on

text: BBC

text: Two

text: on

text: June

text: with

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: theme

text: song

text: being

text: News

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: by

text: The

text: Jam

text: The

text: show

text: has

text: featured

text: variety

text: of

text: different

text: stand

text: up

text: performers

text: some

text: being

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: for

text: several

text: series

text: as

text: permanent

text: fixture

text: with

text: host

text: Dara

text: Ó

text: Briain

text: and

text: comedian

text: Hugh

text: Dennis

text: having

text: appeared

text: in

text: every

text: episode

text: since

text: its

text: debut

text: Common law (also known as case law or precedent) is law developed by judges, courts, and similar tribunals, stated in decisions that nominally decide individual cases but that in addition have precedential effect on future cases. Common law is a third branch of law, in contrast to and on equal footing with statutes which are adopted through the legislative process, and regulations which are promulgated by the executive branch. In cases where the parties disagree on what the law is, a common law court looks to past precedential decisions of relevant courts. If a similar dispute has been resolved in the past, the court is usually bound to follow the reasoning used in the prior decision (a principle known as "stare decisis"). If, however, the court finds that the current dispute is fundamentally distinct from all previous cases (called a "matter of first impression"), judges have the authority and duty to resolve the issue (one party or the other has to win, and on disagreements of law, judges make that decision). Resolution of the issue in one case becomes precedent that binds future courts. "Stare decisis", the principle that cases should be decided according to consistent principled rules so that similar facts will yield similar results, lies at the heart of all common law systems.

text: Common

text: law

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: case

text: law

text: or

text: precedent

text: is

text: law

text: developed

text: by

text: judges

text: courts

text: and

text: similar

text: tribunals

text: stated

text: in

text: decisions

text: that

text: nominally

text: decide

text: individual

text: cases

text: but

text: that

text: in

text: addition

text: have

text: precedential

text: effect

text: on

text: future

text: cases

text: Common

text: law

text: is

text: third

text: branch

text: of

text: law

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: and

text: on

text: equal

text: footing

text: with

text: statutes

text: which

text: are

text: adopted

text: through

text: the

text: legislative

text: process

text: and

text: regulations

text: which

text: are

text: promulgated

text: by

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: In

text: cases

text: where

text: the

text: parties

text: disagree

text: on

text: what

text: the

text: law

text: is

text: common

text: law

text: court

text: looks

text: to

text: past

text: precedential

text: decisions

text: of

text: relevant

text: courts

text: If

text: similar

text: dispute

text: has

text: been

text: resolved

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: the

text: court

text: is

text: usually

text: bound

text: to

text: follow

text: the

text: reasoning

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: prior

text: decision

text: principle

text: known

text: as

text: stare

text: decisis

text: If

text: however

text: the

text: court

text: finds

text: that

text: the

text: current

text: dispute

text: is

text: fundamentally

text: distinct

text: from

text: all

text: previous

text: cases

text: called

text: matter

text: of

text: first

text: impression

text: judges

text: have

text: the

text: authority

text: and

text: duty

text: to

text: resolve

text: the

text: issue

text: one

text: party

text: or

text: the

text: other

text: has

text: to

text: win

text: and

text: on

text: disagreements

text: of

text: law

text: judges

text: make

text: that

text: decision

text: Resolution

text: of

text: the

text: issue

text: in

text: one

text: case

text: becomes

text: precedent

text: that

text: binds

text: future

text: courts

text: Stare

text: decisis

text: the

text: principle

text: that

text: cases

text: should

text: be

text: decided

text: according

text: to

text: consistent

text: principled

text: rules

text: so

text: that

text: similar

text: facts

text: will

text: yield

text: similar

text: results

text: lies

text: at

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: all

text: common

text: law

text: systems

text: The Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) was the regulatory body in the United Kingdom for commercial television (ITV and Channel 4 and limited satellite television regulation  cable television was the responsibility of the Cable Authority)  and commercial and independent radio broadcasts. The IBA came into being when the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 gave the Independent Television Authority responsibility for organising the new Independent Local Radio (ILR) stations. Independent Television Commission formally replaced the IBA on 1 January 1991 in regulatory terms, however the Authority itself was not officially dissolved until 2003.

text: The

text: Independent

text: Broadcasting

text: Authority

text: IBA

text: was

text: the

text: regulatory

text: body

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: for

text: commercial

text: television

text: ITV

text: and

text: Channel

text: and

text: limited

text: satellite

text: television

text: regulation

text: cable

text: television

text: was

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: Cable

text: Authority

text: and

text: commercial

text: and

text: independent

text: radio

text: broadcasts

text: The

text: IBA

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: when

text: the

text: Sound

text: Broadcasting

text: Act

text: gave

text: the

text: Independent

text: Television

text: Authority

text: responsibility

text: for

text: organising

text: the

text: new

text: Independent

text: Local

text: Radio

text: ILR

text: stations

text: Independent

text: Television

text: Commission

text: formally

text: replaced

text: the

text: IBA

text: on

text: January

text: in

text: regulatory

text: terms

text: however

text: the

text: Authority

text: itself

text: was

text: not

text: officially

text: dissolved

text: until

text: Broadcasting House is the headquarters of the BBC, in Portland Place and Langham Place, London. The first radio broadcast was made on 15 March 1932, and the building was officially opened two months later, on 15 May. The main building is in Art Deco style, with a facing of Portland stone over a steel frame. It is a Grade II* listed building and includes the BBC Radio Theatre, where music and speech programmes are recorded in front of a studio audience, and lobby that was used as a location for filming the 1998 BBC television series "In the Red".

text: Broadcasting

text: House

text: is

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: BBC

text: in

text: Portland

text: Place

text: and

text: Langham

text: Place

text: London

text: The

text: first

text: radio

text: broadcast

text: was

text: made

text: on

text: March

text: and

text: the

text: building

text: was

text: officially

text: opened

text: two

text: months

text: later

text: on

text: May.

text: The

text: main

text: building

text: is

text: in

text: Art

text: Deco

text: style

text: with

text: facing

text: of

text: Portland

text: stone

text: over

text: steel

text: frame

text: It

text: is

text: Grade

text: II

text: listed

text: building

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: BBC

text: Radio

text: Theatre

text: where

text: music

text: and

text: speech

text: programmes

text: are

text: recorded

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: studio

text: audience

text: and

text: lobby

text: that

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: location

text: for

text: filming

text: the

text: BBC

text: television

text: series

text: In

text: the

text: Red

text: In law as practiced in countries that follow the English models, a pleading is a formal written statement of a party's claims or defenses to another party's claims in a civil action. The parties' pleadings in a case define the issues to be adjudicated in the action.

text: In

text: law

text: as

text: practiced

text: in

text: countries

text: that

text: follow

text: the

text: English

text: models

text: pleading

text: is

text: formal

text: written

text: statement

text: of

text: party

text: 's

text: claims

text: or

text: defenses

text: to

text: another

text: party

text: 's

text: claims

text: in

text: civil

text: action

text: The

text: parties

text: pleadings

text: in

text: case

text: define

text: the

text: issues

text: to

text: be

text: adjudicated

text: in

text: the

text: action

text: Advocacy is an activity by an individual or group which aims to influence decisions within political, economic, and social systems and institutions. Advocacy can include many activities that a person or organization undertakes including media campaigns, public speaking, commissioning and publishing research or conducting exit poll or the filing of an amicus brief. Lobbying (often by lobby groups) is a form of advocacy where a direct approach is made to legislators on an issue which plays a significant role in modern politics. Research has started to address how advocacy groups in the United States and Canada are using social media to facilitate civic engagement and collective action.

text: Advocacy

text: is

text: an

text: activity

text: by

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: group

text: which

text: aims

text: to

text: influence

text: decisions

text: within

text: political

text: economic

text: and

text: social

text: systems

text: and

text: institutions

text: Advocacy

text: can

text: include

text: many

text: activities

text: that

text: person

text: or

text: organization

text: undertakes

text: including

text: media

text: campaigns

text: public

text: speaking

text: commissioning

text: and

text: publishing

text: research

text: or

text: conducting

text: exit

text: poll

text: or

text: the

text: filing

text: of

text: an

text: amicus

text: brief

text: Lobbying

text: often

text: by

text: lobby

text: groups

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: advocacy

text: where

text: direct

text: approach

text: is

text: made

text: to

text: legislators

text: on

text: an

text: issue

text: which

text: plays

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: modern

text: politics

text: Research

text: has

text: started

text: to

text: address

text: how

text: advocacy

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: are

text: using

text: social

text: media

text: to

text: facilitate

text: civic

text: engagement

text: and

text: collective

text: action

text:
A tribunal, generally, is any person or institution with authority to judge, adjudicate on, or determine claims or disputeswhether or not it is called a tribunal in its title.
For example, an advocate who appears before a court with a single judge could describe that judge as 'their tribunal'. Many governmental bodies that are titled 'tribunals' are so described to emphasize that they are not courts of normal jurisdiction. For example, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda is a body specially constituted under international law; in Great Britain, employment tribunals are bodies set up to hear specific employment disputes. Private judicial bodies are also often styled 'tribunals'. The word "tribunal" is not conclusive of a body's function. For example, in Great Britain, the Employment Appeal Tribunal is a superior court of record.

text: tribunal

text: generally

text: is

text: any

text: person

text: or

text: institution

text: with

text: authority

text: to

text: judge

text: adjudicate

text: on

text: or

text: determine

text: claims

text: or

text: disputeswhether

text: or

text: not

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: tribunal

text: in

text: its

text: title

text: For

text: example

text: an

text: advocate

text: who

text: appears

text: before

text: court

text: with

text: single

text: judge

text: could

text: describe

text: that

text: judge

text: as

text: their

text: tribunal

text: Many

text: governmental

text: bodies

text: that

text: are

text: titled

text: tribunals

text: are

text: so

text: described

text: to

text: emphasize

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: courts

text: of

text: normal

text: jurisdiction

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: International

text: Criminal

text: Tribunal

text: for

text: Rwanda

text: is

text: body

text: specially

text: constituted

text: under

text: international

text: law

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: employment

text: tribunals

text: are

text: bodies

text: set

text: up

text: to

text: hear

text: specific

text: employment

text: disputes

text: Private

text: judicial

text: bodies

text: are

text: also

text: often

text: styled

text: tribunals

text: The

text: word

text: tribunal

text: is

text: not

text: conclusive

text: of

text: body

text: 's

text: function

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: Employment

text: Appeal

text: Tribunal

text: is

text: superior

text: court

text: of

text: record

text: QI (Quite Interesting) is a British comedy panel game television quiz show created and co-produced by John Lloyd, and features permanent panelist Alan Davies. Stephen Fry was host of the show from its initial pilot, before departing after the final episode of the M series in 2015, with frequent "QI" panelist Sandi Toksvig replacing him prior to the beginning of the N series in 2016. The format of the show focuses on Alan and three other guest panelists answering questions that are extremely obscure, making it unlikely that the correct answer will be given. To compensate, the panelists are awarded points not only for the right answer, but also for interesting ones, regardless of whether they are right or even relate to the original question, while points are deducted for "answers which are not only wrong, but pathetically obvious"  typically answers that are generally believed to be true but in fact are misconceptions  which are known as forfeits that are usually indicated by a loud siren, flashing lights, and the incorrect answer being displayed on screen. Bonus points are sometimes awarded or deducted for challenges or incorrect references, varying from show to show. "QI" has a philosophy that "everything is interesting if looked at in the right way"; many factual errors in the show have been corrected in later episodes or on the show's blog.

text: QI

text: Quite

text: Interesting

text: is

text: British

text: comedy

text: panel

text: game

text: television

text: quiz

text: show

text: created

text: and

text: co

text: produced

text: by

text: John

text: Lloyd

text: and

text: features

text: permanent

text: panelist

text: Alan

text: Davies

text: Stephen

text: Fry

text: was

text: host

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: from

text: its

text: initial

text: pilot

text: before

text: departing

text: after

text: the

text: final

text: episode

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: in

text: with

text: frequent

text: QI

text: panelist

text: Sandi

text: Toksvig

text: replacing

text: him

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: series

text: in

text: The

text: format

text: of

text: the

text: show

text: focuses

text: on

text: Alan

text: and

text: three

text: other

text: guest

text: panelists

text: answering

text: questions

text: that

text: are

text: extremely

text: obscure

text: making

text: it

text: unlikely

text: that

text: the

text: correct

text: answer

text: will

text: be

text: given

text: To

text: compensate

text: the

text: panelists

text: are

text: awarded

text: points

text: not

text: only

text: for

text: the

text: right

text: answer

text: but

text: also

text: for

text: interesting

text: ones

text: regardless

text: of

text: whether

text: they

text: are

text: right

text: or

text: even

text: relate

text: to

text: the

text: original

text: question

text: while

text: points

text: are

text: deducted

text: for

text: answers

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: only

text: wrong

text: but

text: pathetically

text: obvious

text: typically

text: answers

text: that

text: are

text: generally

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: true

text: but

text: in

text: fact

text: are

text: misconceptions

text: which

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: forfeits

text: that

text: are

text: usually

text: indicated

text: by

text: loud

text: siren

text: flashing

text: lights

text: and

text: the

text: incorrect

text: answer

text: being

text: displayed

text: on

text: screen

text: Bonus

text: points

text: are

text: sometimes

text: awarded

text: or

text: deducted

text: for

text: challenges

text: or

text: incorrect

text: references

text: varying

text: from

text: show

text: to

text: show

text: QI

text: has

text: philosophy

text: that

text: everything

text: is

text: interesting

text: if

text: looked

text: at

text: in

text: the

text: right

text: way

text: many

text: factual

text: errors

text: in

text: the

text: show

text: have

text: been

text: corrected

text: in

text: later

text: episodes

text: or

text: on

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: blog

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: A panel show or panel game is a radio or television game show in which a panel of celebrities participates. Participants may compete with each other, such as on "The News Quiz"; facilitate play by non-celebrity contestants, such as on "Match Game"/"Blankety Blank"; or do both, such as on "Wait Wait Don't Tell Me". The genre can be traced to 1938, when "Information Please" debuted on U.S. radio. The earliest known television panel show is "Play the Game", a charades show in 1946. The modern trend of comedy panel shows can find early roots with "Stop Me If You've Heard This One" in 1939 and "Can You Top This?" in 1940. While panel shows were more popular in the past in the U.S., they are still very common in the United Kingdom.

text: panel

text: show

text: or

text: panel

text: game

text: is

text: radio

text: or

text: television

text: game

text: show

text: in

text: which

text: panel

text: of

text: celebrities

text: participates

text: Participants

text: may

text: compete

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: such

text: as

text: on

text: The

text: News

text: Quiz

text: facilitate

text: play

text: by

text: non

text: celebrity

text: contestants

text: such

text: as

text: on

text: Match

text: Game"/"Blankety

text: Blank

text: or

text: do

text: both

text: such

text: as

text: on

text: Wait

text: Wait

text: Do

text: n't

text: Tell

text: Me

text: The

text: genre

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: when

text: Information

text: Please

text: debuted

text: on

text: U.S.

text: radio

text: The

text: earliest

text: known

text: television

text: panel

text: show

text: is

text: Play

text: the

text: Game

text: charades

text: show

text: in

text: The

text: modern

text: trend

text: of

text: comedy

text: panel

text: shows

text: can

text: find

text: early

text: roots

text: with

text: Stop

text: Me

text: If

text: You

text: 've

text: Heard

text: This

text: One

text: in

text: and

text: Can

text: You

text: Top

text: This

text: in

text: While

text: panel

text: shows

text: were

text: more

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: they

text: are

text: still

text: very

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: A radio station is a set of equipment necessary to carry on communication via radio waves. Generally, it is a receiver or transmitter, an antenna, and some smaller additional equipment necessary to operate them. Radio stations play a vital role in communication technology as they are heavily relied on to transfer data and information across the world.

text: radio

text: station

text: is

text: set

text: of

text: equipment

text: necessary

text: to

text: carry

text: on

text: communication

text: via

text: radio

text: waves

text: Generally

text: it

text: is

text: receiver

text: or

text: transmitter

text: an

text: antenna

text: and

text: some

text: smaller

text: additional

text: equipment

text: necessary

text: to

text: operate

text: them

text: Radio

text: stations

text: play

text: vital

text: role

text: in

text: communication

text: technology

text: as

text: they

text: are

text: heavily

text: relied

text: on

text: to

text: transfer

text: data

text: and

text: information

text: across

text: the

text: world

text: Peter Hugh Dennis (born 13 February 1962) is an English comedian, actor, writer, impressionist and voice-over artist, best known for being one half of Punt and Dennis with comedy partner Steve Punt, and playing Pete Brockman, the father in the BBC One sitcom "Outnumbered". Since 2005, Dennis has been a regular panellist on the BBC Two satirical comedy show "Mock the Week".

text: Peter

text: Hugh

text: Dennis

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: comedian

text: actor

text: writer

text: impressionist

text: and

text: voice

text: over

text: artist

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: being

text: one

text: half

text: of

text: Punt

text: and

text: Dennis

text: with

text: comedy

text: partner

text: Steve

text: Punt

text: and

text: playing

text: Pete

text: Brockman

text: the

text: father

text: in

text: the

text: BBC

text: One

text: sitcom

text: Outnumbered

text: Since

text: Dennis

text: has

text: been

text: regular

text: panellist

text: on

text: the

text: BBC

text: Two

text: satirical

text: comedy

text: show

text: Mock

text: the

text: Week

text: A court is a tribunal, often as a government institution, with the authority to adjudicate legal disputes between parties and carry out the administration of justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in accordance with the rule of law. In both common law and civil law legal systems, courts are the central means for dispute resolution, and it is generally understood that all persons have an ability to bring their claims before a court. Similarly, the rights of those accused of a crime include the right to present a defense before a court.

text: court

text: is

text: tribunal

text: often

text: as

text: government

text: institution

text: with

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: adjudicate

text: legal

text: disputes

text: between

text: parties

text: and

text: carry

text: out

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: justice

text: in

text: civil

text: criminal

text: and

text: administrative

text: matters

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: In

text: both

text: common

text: law

text: and

text: civil

text: law

text: legal

text: systems

text: courts

text: are

text: the

text: central

text: means

text: for

text: dispute

text: resolution

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: generally

text: understood

text: that

text: all

text: persons

text: have

text: an

text: ability

text: to

text: bring

text: their

text: claims

text: before

text: court

text: Similarly

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: those

text: accused

text: of

text: crime

text: include

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: present

text: defense

text: before

text: court

question: place_of_birth clive anderson

answer: middlesex

text: middlesex


text: The Cambrian explosion or Cambrian radiation was the relatively short evolutionary event, beginning around in the Cambrian period, during which most major animal phyla appeared, as indicated by the fossil record. Lasting for about the next 2025 million years, it resulted in the divergence of most modern metazoan phyla. Additionally, the event was accompanied by major diversification of other organisms. Prior to the Cambrian explosion, most organisms were simple, composed of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. Over the following 70 to 80 million years, the rate of diversification accelerated by an order of magnitude and the diversity of life began to resemble that of today. Almost all the present phyla appeared during this period, with the exception of Bryozoa, which made its earliest known appearance later, in the Lower Ordovician.

text: The

text: Cambrian

text: explosion

text: or

text: Cambrian

text: radiation

text: was

text: the

text: relatively

text: short

text: evolutionary

text: event

text: beginning

text: around

text: in

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: period

text: during

text: which

text: most

text: major

text: animal

text: phyla

text: appeared

text: as

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: fossil

text: record

text: Lasting

text: for

text: about

text: the

text: next

text: million

text: years

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: the

text: divergence

text: of

text: most

text: modern

text: metazoan

text: phyla

text: Additionally

text: the

text: event

text: was

text: accompanied

text: by

text: major

text: diversification

text: of

text: other

text: organisms

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: explosion

text: most

text: organisms

text: were

text: simple

text: composed

text: of

text: individual

text: cells

text: occasionally

text: organized

text: into

text: colonies

text: Over

text: the

text: following

text: to

text: million

text: years

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: diversification

text: accelerated

text: by

text: an

text: order

text: of

text: magnitude

text: and

text: the

text: diversity

text: of

text: life

text: began

text: to

text: resemble

text: that

text: of

text: today

text: Almost

text: all

text: the

text: present

text: phyla

text: appeared

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: Bryozoa

text: which

text: made

text: its

text: earliest

text: known

text: appearance

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: Lower

text: Ordovician

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

text: The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains. They are the eastern part of the Canadian Cordillera, which is a system of multiple ranges of mountains which runs from the Canadian Prairies to the Pacific Coast. The Canadian Rockies mountain system comprises the southeastern part of this system, laying between the Interior Plains of Alberta and Northeastern British Columbia on the east to the Rocky Mountain Trench of BC on the west. The southern end borders Idaho and Montana of the USA. In geographic terms the boundary is at the Canada/US border, but in geological terms it might be considered to be at Marias Pass in northern Montana. The northern end is at the Liard River in northern British Columbia.

text: The

text: Canadian

text: Rockies

text: comprise

text: the

text: Canadian

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Cordillera

text: which

text: is

text: system

text: of

text: multiple

text: ranges

text: of

text: mountains

text: which

text: runs

text: from

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Prairies

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Coast

text: The

text: Canadian

text: Rockies

text: mountain

text: system

text: comprises

text: the

text: southeastern

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: laying

text: between

text: the

text: Interior

text: Plains

text: of

text: Alberta

text: and

text: Northeastern

text: British

text: Columbia

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: to

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountain

text: Trench

text: of

text: BC

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: southern

text: end

text: borders

text: Idaho

text: and

text: Montana

text: of

text: the

text: USA

text: In

text: geographic

text: terms

text: the

text: boundary

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: Canada

text: US

text: border

text: but

text: in

text: geological

text: terms

text: it

text: might

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: at

text: Marias

text: Pass

text: in

text: northern

text: Montana

text: The

text: northern

text: end

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: Liard

text: River

text: in

text: northern

text: British

text: Columbia

text: The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era. The Ordovician spans 41.2 million years from the end of the Cambrian Period million years ago (Mya) to the start of the Silurian Period Mya. The Ordovician, named after the Celtic tribe of the Ordovices, was defined by Charles Lapworth in 1879 to resolve a dispute between followers of Adam Sedgwick and Roderick Murchison, who were placing the same rock beds in northern Wales into the Cambrian and Silurian periods, respectively. Lapworth, recognized that the fossil fauna in the disputed strata were different from those of either the Cambrian or the Silurian periods, and placed them in a period of their own. It received international sanction in 1960, when it was adopted as an official period of the Paleozoic Era by the International Geological Congress.

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: is

text: geologic

text: period

text: and

text: system

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: six

text: periods

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: spans

text: million

text: years

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: Period

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Mya

text: to

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Silurian

text: Period

text: Mya

text: The

text: Ordovician

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Celtic

text: tribe

text: of

text: the

text: Ordovices

text: was

text: defined

text: by

text: Charles

text: Lapworth

text: in

text: to

text: resolve

text: dispute

text: between

text: followers

text: of

text: Adam

text: Sedgwick

text: and

text: Roderick

text: Murchison

text: who

text: were

text: placing

text: the

text: same

text: rock

text: beds

text: in

text: northern

text: Wales

text: into

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: and

text: Silurian

text: periods

text: respectively

text: Lapworth

text: recognized

text: that

text: the

text: fossil

text: fauna

text: in

text: the

text: disputed

text: strata

text: were

text: different

text: from

text: those

text: of

text: either

text: the

text: Cambrian

text: or

text: the

text: Silurian

text: periods

text: and

text: placed

text: them

text: in

text: period

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: It

text: received

text: international

text: sanction

text: in

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: adopted

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Paleozoic

text: Era

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Geological

text: Congress

text: Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941  May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science. He was also one of the most influential and widely read writers of popular science of his generation. Gould spent most of his career teaching at Harvard University and working at the American Museum of Natural History in New York. In 1996 Gould was also appointed as the Vincent Astor Visiting Research Professor of Biology at New York University, where he divided his time teaching there and at Harvard.

text: Stephen

text: Jay

text: Gould

text: September

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: paleontologist

text: evolutionary

text: biologist

text: and

text: historian

text: of

text: science

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: and

text: widely

text: read

text: writers

text: of

text: popular

text: science

text: of

text: his

text: generation

text: Gould

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: teaching

text: at

text: Harvard

text: University

text: and

text: working

text: at

text: the

text: American

text: Museum

text: of

text: Natural

text: History

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: In

text: Gould

text: was

text: also

text: appointed

text: as

text: the

text: Vincent

text: Astor

text: Visiting

text: Research

text: Professor

text: of

text: Biology

text: at

text: New

text: York

text: University

text: where

text: he

text: divided

text: his

text: time

text: teaching

text: there

text: and

text: at

text: Harvard

text: Popular Science (also known as PopSci) is an American bi-monthly magazine carrying popular science content, which refers to articles for the general reader on science and technology subjects. "Popular Science" has won over 58 awards, including the American Society of Magazine Editors awards for its journalistic excellence in both 2003 (for General Excellence) and 2004 (for Best Magazine Section). With roots beginning in 1872, "PopSci" has been translated into over 30 languages and is distributed to at least 45 countries.

text: Popular

text: Science

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: PopSci

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: bi

text: monthly

text: magazine

text: carrying

text: popular

text: science

text: content

text: which

text: refers

text: to

text: articles

text: for

text: the

text: general

text: reader

text: on

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: subjects

text: Popular

text: Science

text: has

text: won

text: over

text: awards

text: including

text: the

text: American

text: Society

text: of

text: Magazine

text: Editors

text: awards

text: for

text: its

text: journalistic

text: excellence

text: in

text: both

text: for

text: General

text: Excellence

text: and

text: for

text: Best

text: Magazine

text: Section

text: With

text: roots

text: beginning

text: in

text: PopSci

text: has

text: been

text: translated

text: into

text: over

text: languages

text: and

text: is

text: distributed

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: countries

text: The fossils of the Burgess Shale, like the Burgess Shale itself, formed around in the Mid Cambrian period. They were discovered in Canada in 1886, and Charles Doolittle Walcott collected over 60,000 specimens in a series of field trips up from 1909 to 1924. After a period of neglect from the 1930s to the early 1960s, new excavations and re-examinations of Walcott's collection continue to discover new species, and statistical analysis suggests discoveries will continue for the foreseeable future. Stephen Jay Gould's book "Wonderful Life" describes the history of discovery up to the early 1980s, although his analysis of the implications for evolution is largely superseded.

text: The

text: fossils

text: of

text: the

text: Burgess

text: Shale

text: like

text: the

text: Burgess

text: Shale

text: itself

text: formed

text: around

text: in

text: the

text: Mid

text: Cambrian

text: period

text: They

text: were

text: discovered

text: in

text: Canada

text: in

text: and

text: Charles

text: Doolittle

text: Walcott

text: collected

text: over

text: specimens

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: field

text: trips

text: up

text: from

text: to

text: After

text: period

text: of

text: neglect

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: new

text: excavations

text: and

text: re

text: examinations

text: of

text: Walcott

text: 's

text: collection

text: continue

text: to

text: discover

text: new

text: species

text: and

text: statistical

text: analysis

text: suggests

text: discoveries

text: will

text: continue

text: for

text: the

text: foreseeable

text: future

text: Stephen

text: Jay

text: Gould

text: 's

text: book

text: Wonderful

text: Life

text: describes

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: discovery

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: although

text: his

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: implications

text: for

text: evolution

text: is

text: largely

text: superseded

text: William Vincent Astor (November 15, 1891  February 3, 1959) was a businessman, philanthropist, and member of the prominent Astor family.

text: William

text: Vincent

text: Astor

text: November

text: February

text: was

text: businessman

text: philanthropist

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: prominent

text: Astor

text: family

text: Simon Conway Morris FRS ( born 6 November 1951 ; note that his surname is `` Conway Morris '' ) is an English palaeontologist who is best known for his detailed and careful study of the fossils of the Burgess Shale , and of the scientific concept of Cambrian explosion . The results of these discoveries were celebrated in Wonderful Life by Stephen Jay Gould . Conway Morris 's own book on the subject , The Crucible of Creation , however , is critical of Gould 's presentation and interpretation . Conway Morris , who is a Christian , is most popularly known for his theistic views of biological evolution . He has held the Chair of Evolutionary Palaeobiology in the Earth Sciences Department at Cambridge University since 1995 .

text: Simon

text: Conway

text: Morris

text: FRS

text: born

text: November

text: note

text: that

text: his

text: surname

text: is

text: Conway

text: Morris

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: palaeontologist

text: who

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: detailed

text: and

text: careful

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: fossils

text: of

text: the

text: Burgess

text: Shale

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: scientific

text: concept

text: of

text: Cambrian

text: explosion

text: The

text: results

text: of

text: these

text: discoveries

text: were

text: celebrated

text: in

text: Wonderful

text: Life

text: by

text: Stephen

text: Jay

text: Gould

text: Conway

text: Morris

text: 's

text: own

text: book

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: The

text: Crucible

text: of

text: Creation

text: however

text: is

text: critical

text: of

text: Gould

text: 's

text: presentation

text: and

text: interpretation

text: Conway

text: Morris

text: who

text: is

text: Christian

text: is

text: most

text: popularly

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: theistic

text: views

text: of

text: biological

text: evolution

text: He

text: has

text: held

text: the

text: Chair

text: of

text: Evolutionary

text: Palaeobiology

text: in

text: the

text: Earth

text: Sciences

text: Department

text: at

text: Cambridge

text: University

text: since

text:
British Columbia (BC) is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.
British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U.S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska.

text: British

text: Columbia

text: BC

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: province

text: of

text: Canada

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: four

text: million

text: people

text: located

text: between

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: British

text: Columbia

text: is

text: also

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Northwest

text: and

text: the

text: Cascadia

text: bioregion

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Idaho

text: Oregon

text: Washington

text: and

text: Alaska

text: New York University (NYU) is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831, NYU is considered one of the world's most influential research universities. University rankings compiled by "Times Higher Education", "U.S. News & World Report", and the "Academic Ranking of World Universities" all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world. NYU is a fundamental part of the creativity, energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village, and its campuses based throughout New York City. NYU is also a world-class university, operating NYU Abu Dhabi and NYU Shanghai, and 11 global academic centers in Accra, Berlin, Buenos Aires, Florence, London, Madrid, Paris, Prague, Sydney, Tel Aviv, and Washington, D.C.

text: New

text: York

text: University

text: NYU

text: is

text: private

text: nonprofit

text: research

text: university

text: based

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Founded

text: in

text: NYU

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: influential

text: research

text: universities

text: University

text: rankings

text: compiled

text: by

text: Times

text: Higher

text: Education

text: U.S.

text: News

text: World

text: Report

text: and

text: the

text: Academic

text: Ranking

text: of

text: World

text: Universities

text: all

text: rank

text: NYU

text: amongst

text: the

text: top

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: NYU

text: is

text: fundamental

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: creativity

text: energy

text: and

text: vibrancy

text: that

text: is

text: Manhattan

text: located

text: with

text: its

text: core

text: in

text: Greenwich

text: Village

text: and

text: its

text: campuses

text: based

text: throughout

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: NYU

text: is

text: also

text: world

text: class

text: university

text: operating

text: NYU

text: Abu

text: Dhabi

text: and

text: NYU

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: global

text: academic

text: centers

text: in

text: Accra

text: Berlin

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Florence

text: London

text: Madrid

text: Paris

text: Prague

text: Sydney

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: and

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: The Burgess Shale Formation is a fossil-bearing deposit exposed in the Canadian Rockies of British Columbia, Canada. It is famous for the exceptional preservation of the soft parts of its fossils. At (Middle Cambrian) old, it is one of the earliest fossil beds containing soft-part imprints.

text: The

text: Burgess

text: Shale

text: Formation

text: is

text: fossil

text: bearing

text: deposit

text: exposed

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Rockies

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: the

text: exceptional

text: preservation

text: of

text: the

text: soft

text: parts

text: of

text: its

text: fossils

text: At

text: Middle

text: Cambrian

text: old

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: fossil

text: beds

text: containing

text: soft

text: part

text: imprints

text: Charles Doolittle Walcott (March 31, 1850  February 9, 1927) was an American paleontologist, administrator of the Smithsonian Institution from 1907 to 1927, and geologist. He became known for his discovery in 1909 of well-preserved fossils in the Burgess Shale of British Columbia, Canada, see history of the Burgess Shale. He was described by Stephen Jay Gould as "the finest symbol that I have ever encountered for the embodiment of conventional beliefs."

text: Charles

text: Doolittle

text: Walcott

text: March

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: paleontologist

text: administrator

text: of

text: the

text: Smithsonian

text: Institution

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: geologist

text: He

text: became

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: discovery

text: in

text: of

text: well

text: preserved

text: fossils

text: in

text: the

text: Burgess

text: Shale

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Canada

text: see

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: Burgess

text: Shale

text: He

text: was

text: described

text: by

text: Stephen

text: Jay

text: Gould

text: as

text: the

text: finest

text: symbol

text: that

text: have

text: ever

text: encountered

text: for

text: the

text: embodiment

text: of

text: conventional

text: beliefs

text: Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636, whose history, influence, and wealth have made it one of the world's most prestigious universities.

text: Harvard

text: University

text: is

text: private

text: Ivy

text: League

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: Massachusetts

text: established

text: in

text: whose

text: history

text: influence

text: and

text: wealth

text: have

text: made

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: prestigious

text: universities

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: occupation simon conway morris

answer: paleontologist

text: paleontologist

text: paleontologist