text: An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.

text: An

text: island

text: or

text: isle

text: is

text: any

text: piece

text: of

text: sub

text: continental

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: water

text: Very

text: small

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: emergent

text: land

text: features

text: on

text: atolls

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: islets

text: skerries

text: cays

text: or

text: keys

text: An

text: island

text: in

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: island

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: eyot

text: or

text: ait

text: and

text: small

text: island

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: holm

text: grouping

text: of

text: geographically

text: or

text: geologically

text: related

text: islands

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: archipelago

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Philippines

text: The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), also sometimes shortened to CoE is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense and a major Army command made up of some 37,000 civilian and military personnel, making it one of the world's largest public engineering, design, and construction management agencies. Although generally associated with dams, canals and flood protection in the United States, USACE is involved in a wide range of public works throughout the world. The Corps of Engineers provides outdoor recreation opportunities to the public, and provides 24% of U.S. hydropower capacity.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Corps

text: of

text: Engineers

text: USACE

text: also

text: sometimes

text: shortened

text: to

text: CoE

text: is

text: U.S.

text: federal

text: agency

text: under

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: and

text: major

text: Army

text: command

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: some

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: personnel

text: making

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: public

text: engineering

text: design

text: and

text: construction

text: management

text: agencies

text: Although

text: generally

text: associated

text: with

text: dams

text: canals

text: and

text: flood

text: protection

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: USACE

text: is

text: involved

text: in

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: public

text: works

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Corps

text: of

text: Engineers

text: provides

text: outdoor

text: recreation

text: opportunities

text: to

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: provides

text: of

text: U.S.

text: hydropower

text: capacity

text: Hawaii is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21, 1959. Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is the only U.S. state not located in the Americas.

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: and

text: most

text: recent

text: state

text: to

text: have

text: joined

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: having

text: received

text: statehood

text: on

text: August

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: U.S.

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: Oceania

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: composed

text: entirely

text: of

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: island

text: group

text: in

text: Polynesia

text: occupying

text: most

text: of

text: an

text: archipelago

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: U.S.

text: state

text: not

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Hawaii Route 31, also known as the Pi'ilani Highway, is a 38-mile road on the island of Maui in the U.S. state of Hawaii. The state road begins in at an intersection with Hawaii Routes 310 and 311 in the West Maui town of Kihei. The highway formerly ran parallel to the coast all the way to the southern terminus of the Hana Highway (Route 360), until developments in Wailea and Makena blocked access.. The Kihei section of the highway now terminates in Wailea, and the much longer Kaupo section, which is county-maintained as County Road 31, connects Route 37 near Kula to the Route 360 south of Hana (at the western border of Haleakala National Park).

text: Hawaii

text: Route

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Pi'ilani

text: Highway

text: is

text: road

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Maui

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: The

text: state

text: road

text: begins

text: in

text: at

text: an

text: intersection

text: with

text: Hawaii

text: Routes

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Maui

text: town

text: of

text: Kihei

text: The

text: highway

text: formerly

text: ran

text: parallel

text: to

text: the

text: coast

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: the

text: southern

text: terminus

text: of

text: the

text: Hana

text: Highway

text: Route

text: until

text: developments

text: in

text: Wailea

text: and

text: Makena

text: blocked

text: access

text: The

text: Kihei

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: highway

text: now

text: terminates

text: in

text: Wailea

text: and

text: the

text: much

text: longer

text: Kaupo

text: section

text: which

text: is

text: county

text: maintained

text: as

text: County

text: Road

text: connects

text: Route

text: near

text: Kula

text: to

text: the

text: Route

text: south

text: of

text: Hana

text: at

text: the

text: western

text: border

text: of

text: Haleakala

text: National

text: Park

text: The island of Maui (Hawaiian: ) is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727.2 square miles (1,883 km) and is the 17th-largest island in the United States. Maui is part of the State of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui County's four islands, bigger than Molokai, Lnai, and unpopulated Kahoolawe. In 2010, Maui had a population of 144,444, third-highest of the Hawaiian Islands, behind that of Oahu and Hawaii Island. Kahului is the largest census-designated place (CDP) on the island with a population of 26,337 and is the commercial and financial hub of the island. Wailuku is the seat of Maui County and is the third-largest CDP . Other significant places include Khei (including Wailea and Makena in the Kihei Town CDP, which is the second-most-populated CDP in Maui), Lahaina (including Kanapali and Kapalua in the Lahaina Town CDP), Makawao, Pia, Kula, Haik, and Hna.

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Maui

text: Hawaiian

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

text: at

text: square

text: miles

text: km

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Maui

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: Maui

text: County

text: 's

text: four

text: islands

text: bigger

text: than

text: Molokai

text: Lnai

text: and

text: unpopulated

text: Kahoolawe

text: In

text: Maui

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: third

text: highest

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

text: behind

text: that

text: of

text: Oahu

text: and

text: Hawaii

text: Island

text: Kahului

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: census

text: designated

text: place

text: CDP

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: commercial

text: and

text: financial

text: hub

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: Wailuku

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Maui

text: County

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: CDP

text: Other

text: significant

text: places

text: include

text: Khei

text: including

text: Wailea

text: and

text: Makena

text: in

text: the

text: Kihei

text: Town

text: CDP

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populated

text: CDP

text: in

text: Maui

text: Lahaina

text: including

text: Kanapali

text: and

text: Kapalua

text: in

text: the

text: Lahaina

text: Town

text: CDP

text: Makawao

text: Pia

text: Kula

text: Haik

text: and

text: Hna

text: Puaa Kaa State Wayside Park is a state park on the island of Maui , Hawaii . It is located along the Hana Highway approximately 39 mi ( 63 km ) east of Kahului . The area consists of 5 acres ( 2.0 ha ) of rainforest with waterfalls and pools . The park is at an elevation of 1,200 ft ( 370 m ) and roughly 0.5 mi ( 0.80 km ) away from Waiohue Bay .

text: Puaa

text: Kaa

text: State

text: Wayside

text: Park

text: is

text: state

text: park

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Maui

text: Hawaii

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: along

text: the

text: Hana

text: Highway

text: approximately

text: mi

text: km

text: east

text: of

text: Kahului

text: The

text: area

text: consists

text: of

text: acres

text: ha

text: of

text: rainforest

text: with

text: waterfalls

text: and

text: pools

text: The

text: park

text: is

text: at

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: ft

text: and

text: roughly

text: mi

text: km

text: away

text: from

text: Waiohue

text: Bay

text: The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and undersea seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll. Formerly the group was known to Europeans and Americans as the "Sandwich Islands", a name chosen by James Cook in honor of the then First Lord of the Admiralty John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. The contemporary name is derived from the name of the largest island, Hawaii Island.

text: The

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: eight

text: major

text: islands

text: several

text: atolls

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islets

text: and

text: undersea

text: seamounts

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: extending

text: some

text: from

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: northernmost

text: Kure

text: Atoll

text: Formerly

text: the

text: group

text: was

text: known

text: to

text: Europeans

text: and

text: Americans

text: as

text: the

text: Sandwich

text: Islands

text: name

text: chosen

text: by

text: James

text: Cook

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: the

text: then

text: First

text: Lord

text: of

text: the

text: Admiralty

text: John

text: Montagu

text: Earl

text: of

text: Sandwich

text: The

text: contemporary

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: Hawaii

text: Island

text: The Hna Highway is a long stretch of Hawaii Routes 36 and 360 which connects Kahului with the town of Hna in east Maui. On the east after Kalepa Bridge, the highway continues to Kpahulu as Hawaii Route 31 (the Piilani Highway). Although Hna is only about from Kahului, it takes about 2.5 hours to drive when no stops are made as the highway is very winding and narrow and passes over 59 bridges, 46 of which are only one lane wide. There are approximately 620 curves along Route 360 from just east of Kahului to Hna, virtually all of it through lush, tropical rainforest. Many of the concrete and steel bridges date back to 1910 and all but one are still in use. That one bridge, badly damaged by erosion, has been replaced by a portable steel ACROW bridge erected by the United States Army Corps of Engineers.

text: The

text: Hna

text: Highway

text: is

text: long

text: stretch

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: Routes

text: and

text: which

text: connects

text: Kahului

text: with

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Hna

text: in

text: east

text: Maui

text: On

text: the

text: east

text: after

text: Kalepa

text: Bridge

text: the

text: highway

text: continues

text: to

text: Kpahulu

text: as

text: Hawaii

text: Route

text: the

text: Piilani

text: Highway

text: Although

text: Hna

text: is

text: only

text: about

text: from

text: Kahului

text: it

text: takes

text: about

text: hours

text: to

text: drive

text: when

text: no

text: stops

text: are

text: made

text: as

text: the

text: highway

text: is

text: very

text: winding

text: and

text: narrow

text: and

text: passes

text: over

text: bridges

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: only

text: one

text: lane

text: wide

text: There

text: are

text: approximately

text: curves

text: along

text: Route

text: from

text: just

text: east

text: of

text: Kahului

text: to

text: Hna

text: virtually

text: all

text: of

text: it

text: through

text: lush

text: tropical

text: rainforest

text: Many

text: of

text: the

text: concrete

text: and

text: steel

text: bridges

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: and

text: all

text: but

text: one

text: are

text: still

text: in

text: use

text: That

text: one

text: bridge

text: badly

text: damaged

text: by

text: erosion

text: has

text: been

text: replaced

text: by

text: portable

text: steel

text: ACROW

text: bridge

text: erected

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Corps

text: of

text: Engineers

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity pua'a ka'a state wayside park

answer: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii


text: The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential act of the rock era. Rooted in skiffle, beat, and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways. In the early 1960s, their enormous popularity first emerged as "Beatlemania", but as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, they came to be perceived as an embodiment of the ideals shared by the counterculture of the 1960s.

text: The

text: Beatles

text: were

text: an

text: English

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: Liverpool

text: in

text: With

text: members

text: John

text: Lennon

text: Paul

text: McCartney

text: George

text: Harrison

text: and

text: Ringo

text: Starr

text: they

text: became

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: foremost

text: and

text: most

text: influential

text: act

text: of

text: the

text: rock

text: era

text: Rooted

text: in

text: skiffle

text: beat

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: the

text: Beatles

text: later

text: experimented

text: with

text: several

text: musical

text: styles

text: ranging

text: from

text: pop

text: ballads

text: and

text: Indian

text: music

text: to

text: psychedelia

text: and

text: hard

text: rock

text: often

text: incorporating

text: classical

text: elements

text: and

text: unconventional

text: recording

text: techniques

text: in

text: innovative

text: ways

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: their

text: enormous

text: popularity

text: first

text: emerged

text: as

text: Beatlemania

text: but

text: as

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: music

text: grew

text: in

text: sophistication

text: led

text: by

text: primary

text: songwriters

text: Lennon

text: and

text: McCartney

text: they

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: perceived

text: as

text: an

text: embodiment

text: of

text: the

text: ideals

text: shared

text: by

text: the

text: counterculture

text: of

text: the

text: Do As Infinity is a Japanese pop and rock band that formed in 1999 with three members: vocalist Tomiko Van, guitarist Ryo Owatari, and guitarist and composer Dai Nagao. The band's name is sometimes abbreviated as D.A.I., alluding to the fact that Do As Infinity was named after Dai Nagao. Signed to Avex Trax, the band released their debut single "Tangerine Dream" on September 29, 1999, followed by three more singles between 1999 and 2000, which appeared on their debut album "Break of Dawn" (2000). In December 2000, Nagao decided to devote all his time to composing the music and no longer appeared at live events. Five more studio albums were released between 2001 with "New World" and 2005 with "Need Your Love".

text: Do

text: As

text: Infinity

text: is

text: Japanese

text: pop

text: and

text: rock

text: band

text: that

text: formed

text: in

text: with

text: three

text: members

text: vocalist

text: Tomiko

text: Van

text: guitarist

text: Ryo

text: Owatari

text: and

text: guitarist

text: and

text: composer

text: Dai

text: Nagao

text: The

text: band

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: sometimes

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: D.A.I.

text: alluding

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: Do

text: As

text: Infinity

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: Dai

text: Nagao

text: Signed

text: to

text: Avex

text: Trax

text: the

text: band

text: released

text: their

text: debut

text: single

text: Tangerine

text: Dream

text: on

text: September

text: followed

text: by

text: three

text: more

text: singles

text: between

text: and

text: which

text: appeared

text: on

text: their

text: debut

text: album

text: Break

text: of

text: Dawn

text: In

text: December

text: Nagao

text: decided

text: to

text: devote

text: all

text: his

text: time

text: to

text: composing

text: the

text: music

text: and

text: no

text: longer

text: appeared

text: at

text: live

text: events

text: Five

text: more

text: studio

text: albums

text: were

text: released

text: between

text: with

text: New

text: World

text: and

text: with

text: Need

text: Your

text: Love

text: Traditional Japanese music is the folk or traditional music of Japan. There are three types of traditional music in Japan: theatrical, court music (called gagaku), and instrumental.

text: Traditional

text: Japanese

text: music

text: is

text: the

text: folk

text: or

text: traditional

text: music

text: of

text: Japan

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: types

text: of

text: traditional

text: music

text: in

text: Japan

text: theatrical

text: court

text: music

text: called

text: gagaku

text: and

text: instrumental

text: The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson, their cousin Mike Love, and their friend Al Jardine. They emerged at the vanguard of the "California Sound", initially performing original surf songs that gained international popularity for their distinct vocal harmonies and lyrics reflecting a southern California youth culture of surfing, cars, and romance. Rooted in jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and doo-wop, Brian led the band in devising novel approaches to music production, arranging his compositions for studio orchestras, and experimenting with several genres ranging from pop ballads to psychedelic and baroque styles.

text: The

text: Beach

text: Boys

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: Hawthorne

text: California

text: in

text: The

text: group

text: 's

text: original

text: lineup

text: consisted

text: of

text: brothers

text: Brian

text: Dennis

text: and

text: Carl

text: Wilson

text: their

text: cousin

text: Mike

text: Love

text: and

text: their

text: friend

text: Al

text: Jardine

text: They

text: emerged

text: at

text: the

text: vanguard

text: of

text: the

text: California

text: Sound

text: initially

text: performing

text: original

text: surf

text: songs

text: that

text: gained

text: international

text: popularity

text: for

text: their

text: distinct

text: vocal

text: harmonies

text: and

text: lyrics

text: reflecting

text: southern

text: California

text: youth

text: culture

text: of

text: surfing

text: cars

text: and

text: romance

text: Rooted

text: in

text: jazz

text: based

text: vocal

text: groups

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: and

text: doo

text: wop

text: Brian

text: led

text: the

text: band

text: in

text: devising

text: novel

text: approaches

text: to

text: music

text: production

text: arranging

text: his

text: compositions

text: for

text: studio

text: orchestras

text: and

text: experimenting

text: with

text: several

text: genres

text: ranging

text: from

text: pop

text: ballads

text: to

text: psychedelic

text: and

text: baroque

text: styles

text: Voice 2 : Cover Lovers Rock is the second cover album by the J - pop singer Tomiko Van .

text: Voice

text: Cover

text: Lovers

text: Rock

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: cover

text: album

text: by

text: the

text: pop

text: singer

text: Tomiko

text: Van

text: J-pop (often stylized as J-POP; "jeipoppu"; an abbreviation for Japanese pop), natively also known simply as pops, is a musical genre that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s. Modern J-pop has its roots in traditional Japanese music, but significantly in 1960s pop and rock music, such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys, which led to Japanese rock bands such as Happy End fusing rock with Japanese music in the early 1970s. J-pop was further defined by new wave groups in the late 1970s, particularly electronic synthpop band Yellow Magic Orchestra and pop rock band Southern All Stars.

text: pop

text: often

text: stylized

text: as

text: POP

text: jeipoppu

text: an

text: abbreviation

text: for

text: Japanese

text: pop

text: natively

text: also

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: pops

text: is

text: musical

text: genre

text: that

text: entered

text: the

text: musical

text: mainstream

text: of

text: Japan

text: in

text: the

text: Modern

text: pop

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: traditional

text: Japanese

text: music

text: but

text: significantly

text: in

text: pop

text: and

text: rock

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Beatles

text: and

text: The

text: Beach

text: Boys

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: Japanese

text: rock

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Happy

text: End

text: fusing

text: rock

text: with

text: Japanese

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: pop

text: was

text: further

text: defined

text: by

text: new

text: wave

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: particularly

text: electronic

text: synthpop

text: band

text: Yellow

text: Magic

text: Orchestra

text: and

text: pop

text: rock

text: band

text: Southern

text: All

text: Stars

text: Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources.

text: Rock

text: music

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: that

text: originated

text: as

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: developed

text: into

text: range

text: of

text: different

text: styles

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: later

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: itself

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: blues

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: and

text: country

text: music

text: Rock

text: music

text: also

text: drew

text: strongly

text: on

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: electric

text: blues

text: and

text: folk

text: and

text: incorporated

text: influences

text: from

text: jazz

text: classical

text: and

text: other

text: musical

text: sources

text: , is a Japanese pop singer and occasional actress, as well as a member of the band Do As Infinity (DAI), along with Ryo Owatari and Dai Nagao, that has resumed activities after their 2005 split.

text: is

text: Japanese

text: pop

text: singer

text: and

text: occasional

text: actress

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: Do

text: As

text: Infinity

text: DAI

text: along

text: with

text: Ryo

text: Owatari

text: and

text: Dai

text: Nagao

text: that

text: has

text: resumed

text: activities

text: after

text: their

text: split

text: Pop rock is rock music with a lighter, smoother approach that is more reminiscent of commercial pop music. Originating in the 1950s as an alternative to rock and roll, early pop rock was influenced by the beat, arrangements, and style of rock and roll (and sometimes doo wop), but placed a greater emphasis on professional songwriting and recording craft. The detractors of pop rock often deride it as a slick, commercial product, less authentic than rock music.

text: Pop

text: rock

text: is

text: rock

text: music

text: with

text: lighter

text: smoother

text: approach

text: that

text: is

text: more

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: commercial

text: pop

text: music

text: Originating

text: in

text: the

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: early

text: pop

text: rock

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: beat

text: arrangements

text: and

text: style

text: of

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: and

text: sometimes

text: doo

text: wop

text: but

text: placed

text: greater

text: emphasis

text: on

text: professional

text: songwriting

text: and

text: recording

text: craft

text: The

text: detractors

text: of

text: pop

text: rock

text: often

text: deride

text: it

text: as

text: slick

text: commercial

text: product

text: less

text: authentic

text: than

text: rock

text: music

text: Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest.

text: Japan

text: Nippon

text: or

text: Nihon

text: formally

text: or

text: Nihon

text: koku

text: means

text: State

text: of

text: Japan

text: is

text: sovereign

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Asia

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: lying

text: off

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Asia

text: Mainland

text: east

text: of

text: China

text: Korea

text: Russia

text: and

text: stretching

text: from

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Okhotsk

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: and

text: near

text: Taiwan

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: Synthpop (also known as "technopop"), a subgenre of new wave music first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic, art rock, disco, and particularly the "Krautrock" of bands like Kraftwerk. It arose as a distinct genre in Japan and the United Kingdom in the post-punk era as part of the new wave movement of the late-1970s to the mid-1980s.

text: Synthpop

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: technopop

text: subgenre

text: of

text: new

text: wave

text: music

text: first

text: became

text: prominent

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: features

text: the

text: synthesizer

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: musical

text: instrument

text: It

text: was

text: prefigured

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: synthesizers

text: in

text: progressive

text: rock

text: electronic

text: art

text: rock

text: disco

text: and

text: particularly

text: the

text: Krautrock

text: of

text: bands

text: like

text: Kraftwerk

text: It

text: arose

text: as

text: distinct

text: genre

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: punk

text: era

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: new

text: wave

text: movement

text: of

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: Ryo has also collaborated with some Avex label artists like Ai Otsuka and Ayumi Hamasaki.

text: Ryo

text: has

text: also

text: collaborated

text: with

text: some

text: Avex

text: label

text: artists

text: like

text: Ai

text: Otsuka

text: and

text: Ayumi

text: Hamasaki

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: record_label voice 2: cover lovers rock

answer: avex trax

text: avex trax


text: Jamal ad-Din (flourished mid 14th century) was a Governor of the Sultanate of Ifat. He was the son of Nahwi b. Mansur b. Umar Walashma (Umar ibn Dunya-huz) and a brother of Haqq ad-Din I.

text: Jamal

text: ad

text: Din

text: flourished

text: mid

text: century

text: was

text: Governor

text: of

text: the

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Ifat

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Nahwi

text: Mansur

text: Umar

text: Walashma

text: Umar

text: ibn

text: Dunya

text: huz

text: and

text: brother

text: of

text: Haqq

text: ad

text: Din

text: The Ethiopian Empire, also known as Abyssinia (derived from the Arabic "al-Habash"), was a kingdom that spanned a geographical area covered by the northern half of the current state of Ethiopia. It existed from approximately 1137 (beginning of Zagwe dynasty) until 1974, when the Solomonic dynasty was overthrown in a "".

text: The

text: Ethiopian

text: Empire

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Abyssinia

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Arabic

text: al

text: Habash

text: was

text: kingdom

text: that

text: spanned

text: geographical

text: area

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: state

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: It

text: existed

text: from

text: approximately

text: beginning

text: of

text: Zagwe

text: dynasty

text: until

text: when

text: the

text: Solomonic

text: dynasty

text: was

text: overthrown

text: in

text: The Sultanate of Ifat was a medieval Muslim state in the eastern regions of the Horn of Africa between the late 13th century and early 15th century. Led by the Walashma dynasty, it was centered in ancient city of Zeila and Shewa. The kingdom ruled over parts of what are now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti and northern Somaliland.

text: The

text: Sultanate

text: of

text: Ifat

text: was

text: medieval

text: Muslim

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: between

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: Led

text: by

text: the

text: Walashma

text: dynasty

text: it

text: was

text: centered

text: in

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Zeila

text: and

text: Shewa

text: The

text: kingdom

text: ruled

text: over

text: parts

text: of

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: eastern

text: Ethiopia

text: Djibouti

text: and

text: northern

text: Somaliland

text: Amda Seyon I (also Amde Tsiyon and other variants, Ge'ez    "amda iyn", Amharic "mde iyn", "Pillar of Zion") was Emperor of Ethiopia (13141344; throne name Gebre Mesqel Ge'ez    "gabra masal", Amh. "gebre mesel", "slave of the cross"), and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. According to the British expert on Ethiopia, Edward Ullendorff, "Amde Tseyon was one of the most outstanding Ethiopian kings of any age and a singular figure dominating the Horn of Africa in the fourteenth century." His conquests of Muslim borderlands greatly expanded Ethiopian territory and power in the region, maintained for centuries after his death. Amda Seyon asserted the strength of the newly (1270) installed Solomonic dynasty and therefore legitimized it. These expansions further provided for the spread of Christianity to frontier areas, sparking a long era of proselytization, Christianization, and integration of previously peripheral areas.

text: Amda

text: Seyon

text: also

text: Amde

text: Tsiyon

text: and

text: other

text: variants

text: Ge'ez

text: amda

text: iyn

text: Amharic

text: mde

text: iyn

text: Pillar

text: of

text: Zion

text: was

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: throne

text: name

text: Gebre

text: Mesqel

text: Ge'ez

text: gabra

text: masal

text: Amh

text: gebre

text: mesel

text: slave

text: of

text: the

text: cross

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Solomonic

text: dynasty

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: expert

text: on

text: Ethiopia

text: Edward

text: Ullendorff

text: Amde

text: Tseyon

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: outstanding

text: Ethiopian

text: kings

text: of

text: any

text: age

text: and

text: singular

text: figure

text: dominating

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: in

text: the

text: fourteenth

text: century

text: His

text: conquests

text: of

text: Muslim

text: borderlands

text: greatly

text: expanded

text: Ethiopian

text: territory

text: and

text: power

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: maintained

text: for

text: centuries

text: after

text: his

text: death

text: Amda

text: Seyon

text: asserted

text: the

text: strength

text: of

text: the

text: newly

text: installed

text: Solomonic

text: dynasty

text: and

text: therefore

text: legitimized

text: it

text: These

text: expansions

text: further

text: provided

text: for

text: the

text: spread

text: of

text: Christianity

text: to

text: frontier

text: areas

text: sparking

text: long

text: era

text: of

text: proselytization

text: Christianization

text: and

text: integration

text: of

text: previously

text: peripheral

text: areas

text: Ahmad ibn Ali ( Arabic :     ) ( flourished mid- 14th century ) was the son of Jamal ad - Din I. The Emperor of Ethiopia Newaya Krestos made him Governor of Ifat after his father Ali ibn Sabr ad - Din unsuccessfully revolted against the Emperor and was put into prison .

text: Ahmad

text: ibn

text: Ali

text: Arabic

text: flourished

text: mid-

text: century

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Jamal

text: ad

text: Din

text: The

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: Newaya

text: Krestos

text: made

text: him

text: Governor

text: of

text: Ifat

text: after

text: his

text: father

text: Ali

text: ibn

text: Sabr

text: ad

text: Din

text: unsuccessfully

text: revolted

text: against

text: the

text: Emperor

text: and

text: was

text: put

text: into

text: prison

text: The Solomonic dynasty, also known as the House of Solomon, is the former ruling Imperial House of the Ethiopian Empire. Its members claim patrilineal descent from King Solomon of Israel and the Queen of Sheba. Tradition asserts that the Queen gave birth to Menelik I after her biblically described visit to Solomon in Jerusalem.

text: The

text: Solomonic

text: dynasty

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Solomon

text: is

text: the

text: former

text: ruling

text: Imperial

text: House

text: of

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: Empire

text: Its

text: members

text: claim

text: patrilineal

text: descent

text: from

text: King

text: Solomon

text: of

text: Israel

text: and

text: the

text: Queen

text: of

text: Sheba

text: Tradition

text: asserts

text: that

text: the

text: Queen

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: Menelik

text: after

text: her

text: biblically

text: described

text: visit

text: to

text: Solomon

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: Ali ibn Sabr ad-Din (flourished after 1344) was the son of Sabr ad-Din I. The Emperor of Ethiopia Newaya Krestos made him Governor of Ifat after the death of his father.

text: Ali

text: ibn

text: Sabr

text: ad

text: Din

text: flourished

text: after

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Sabr

text: ad

text: Din

text: The

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: Newaya

text: Krestos

text: made

text: him

text: Governor

text: of

text: Ifat

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Newaya Krestos ("property of Christ", throne name Sayfa Ar`ed "sword of terror") was Emperor ("ngusä nägäst") (13441372) of the Ethiopian Empire, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the eldest son of Amda Seyon I.

text: Newaya

text: Krestos

text: property

text: of

text: Christ

text: throne

text: name

text: Sayfa

text: Ar`ed

text: sword

text: of

text: terror

text: was

text: Emperor

text: ngusä

text: nägäst

text: of

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: Empire

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Solomonic

text: dynasty

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: eldest

text: son

text: of

text: Amda

text: Seyon

text: The Emperor of Ethiopia (ngusä nägäst, "King of Kings") was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country. A "National Geographic Magazine" article called imperial Ethiopia "nominally a constitutional monarchy; in fact [it was] a benevolent autocracy".

text: The

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: ngusä

text: nägäst

text: King

text: of

text: Kings

text: was

text: the

text: hereditary

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: Empire

text: until

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: in

text: The

text: Emperor

text: was

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: and

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: with

text: ultimate

text: executive

text: judicial

text: and

text: legislative

text: power

text: in

text: that

text: country

text: National

text: Geographic

text: Magazine

text: article

text: called

text: imperial

text: Ethiopia

text: nominally

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: in

text: fact

text: it

text: was

text: benevolent

text: autocracy

question: noble_family ahmad ibn ali

answer: walashma dynasty

text: walashma dynasty


text: In organic chemistry, the cycloalkanes (also called naphthenes, but distinct from naphthalene) are the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbons. In other words, a cycloalkane consists only of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a structure containing a single ring (possibly with side chains), and all of the carbon-carbon bonds are single. Cycloalkanes are named analogously to their normal alkane counterparts of the same carbon count: cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, etc. The larger cycloalkanes, with more than 20 carbon atoms are typically called "cycloparaffins".

text: In

text: organic

text: chemistry

text: the

text: cycloalkanes

text: also

text: called

text: naphthenes

text: but

text: distinct

text: from

text: naphthalene

text: are

text: the

text: monocyclic

text: saturated

text: hydrocarbons

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: cycloalkane

text: consists

text: only

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: and

text: carbon

text: atoms

text: arranged

text: in

text: structure

text: containing

text: single

text: ring

text: possibly

text: with

text: side

text: chains

text: and

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: carbon

text: carbon

text: bonds

text: are

text: single

text: Cycloalkanes

text: are

text: named

text: analogously

text: to

text: their

text: normal

text: alkane

text: counterparts

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: carbon

text: count

text: cyclopropane

text: cyclobutane

text: cyclopentane

text: cyclohexane

text: etc

text: The

text: larger

text: cycloalkanes

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: carbon

text: atoms

text: are

text: typically

text: called

text: cycloparaffins

text: An essential amino acid, or indispensable amino acid, is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized "de novo" (from scratch) by the organism, and thus must be supplied in its diet. The nine amino acids humans cannot synthesize are phenylalanine, valine, threonine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, and histidine (i.e., F V T W M L I K H).

text: An

text: essential

text: amino

text: acid

text: or

text: indispensable

text: amino

text: acid

text: is

text: an

text: amino

text: acid

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: synthesized

text: de

text: novo

text: from

text: scratch

text: by

text: the

text: organism

text: and

text: thus

text: must

text: be

text: supplied

text: in

text: its

text: diet

text: The

text: nine

text: amino

text: acids

text: humans

text: can

text: not

text: synthesize

text: are

text: phenylalanine

text: valine

text: threonine

text: tryptophan

text: methionine

text: leucine

text: isoleucine

text: lysine

text: and

text: histidine

text: i.e.

text: An aroma-compound, also known as an odorant, aroma, fragrance, or flavor, is a chemical compound that has a smell or odor. A chemical-compound has a smell or odor when it is sufficiently volatile to be transported to the olfactory system in the upper-part of the nose.

text: An

text: aroma

text: compound

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: odorant

text: aroma

text: fragrance

text: or

text: flavor

text: is

text: chemical

text: compound

text: that

text: has

text: smell

text: or

text: odor

text: chemical

text: compound

text: has

text: smell

text: or

text: odor

text: when

text: it

text: is

text: sufficiently

text: volatile

text: to

text: be

text: transported

text: to

text: the

text: olfactory

text: system

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: nose

text: Rosmarinus officinalis, commonly known as rosemary, is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple, or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region.

text: Rosmarinus

text: officinalis

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: rosemary

text: is

text: woody

text: perennial

text: herb

text: with

text: fragrant

text: evergreen

text: needle

text: like

text: leaves

text: and

text: white

text: pink

text: purple

text: or

text: blue

text: flowers

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: region

text: An oil is any neutral, nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water, literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally "fat loving"). Oils have a high carbon and hydrogen content and are usually flammable and surface active.

text: An

text: oil

text: is

text: any

text: neutral

text: nonpolar

text: chemical

text: substance

text: that

text: is

text: viscous

text: liquid

text: at

text: ambient

text: temperatures

text: and

text: is

text: both

text: hydrophobic

text: immiscible

text: with

text: water

text: literally

text: water

text: fearing

text: and

text: lipophilic

text: miscible

text: with

text: other

text: oils

text: literally

text: fat

text: loving

text: Oils

text: have

text: high

text: carbon

text: and

text: hydrogen

text: content

text: and

text: are

text: usually

text: flammable

text: and

text: surface

text: active

text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: The West Country is a loosely defined area of south western England, often regarded as encompassing the historic counties of Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Somerset, and the City and County of Bristol, while the counties of Gloucestershire and Wiltshire, and the Isles of Scilly, are also often included. Some usages of the term include wider areas, while others are more specific, though with little consistency of definition.

text: The

text: West

text: Country

text: is

text: loosely

text: defined

text: area

text: of

text: south

text: western

text: England

text: often

text: regarded

text: as

text: encompassing

text: the

text: historic

text: counties

text: of

text: Cornwall

text: Devon

text: Dorset

text: Somerset

text: and

text: the

text: City

text: and

text: County

text: of

text: Bristol

text: while

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Gloucestershire

text: and

text: Wiltshire

text: and

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: are

text: also

text: often

text: included

text: Some

text: usages

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: include

text: wider

text: areas

text: while

text: others

text: are

text: more

text: specific

text: though

text: with

text: little

text: consistency

text: of

text: definition

text: Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drink; it is the third most popular drink overall, after water and tea. The production of beer is called brewing, which involves the fermentation of starches, mainly derived from cereal grainsmost commonly malted barley, although wheat, maize (corn), and rice are widely used. Most beer is flavoured with hops, which add bitterness and act as a natural preservative, though other flavourings such as herbs or fruit may occasionally be included. The fermentation process causes a natural carbonation effect, although this is often removed during processing, and replaced with forced carbonation. Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and "The Hymn to Ninkasi", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.

text: Beer

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: and

text: most

text: widely

text: consumed

text: alcoholic

text: drink

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: popular

text: drink

text: overall

text: after

text: water

text: and

text: tea

text: The

text: production

text: of

text: beer

text: is

text: called

text: brewing

text: which

text: involves

text: the

text: fermentation

text: of

text: starches

text: mainly

text: derived

text: from

text: cereal

text: grainsmost

text: commonly

text: malted

text: barley

text: although

text: wheat

text: maize

text: corn

text: and

text: rice

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: Most

text: beer

text: is

text: flavoured

text: with

text: hops

text: which

text: add

text: bitterness

text: and

text: act

text: as

text: natural

text: preservative

text: though

text: other

text: flavourings

text: such

text: as

text: herbs

text: or

text: fruit

text: may

text: occasionally

text: be

text: included

text: The

text: fermentation

text: process

text: causes

text: natural

text: carbonation

text: effect

text: although

text: this

text: is

text: often

text: removed

text: during

text: processing

text: and

text: replaced

text: with

text: forced

text: carbonation

text: Some

text: of

text: humanity

text: 's

text: earliest

text: known

text: writings

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: production

text: and

text: distribution

text: of

text: beer

text: the

text: Code

text: of

text: Hammurabi

text: included

text: laws

text: regulating

text: beer

text: and

text: beer

text: parlours

text: and

text: The

text: Hymn

text: to

text: Ninkasi

text: prayer

text: to

text: the

text: Mesopotamian

text: goddess

text: of

text: beer

text: served

text: as

text: both

text: prayer

text: and

text: as

text: method

text: of

text: remembering

text: the

text: recipe

text: for

text: beer

text: in

text: culture

text: with

text: few

text: literate

text: people

text: In biology, a species (abbreviated sp., with the plural form species abbreviated spp.) is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. While this definition is often adequate, looked at more closely it is often problematic. For example, in a species complex, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear or disappear altogether. Other ways of defining species include similarity of DNA, morphology, or ecological niche. The presence of locally adaptive traits may further subdivide species into infraspecific taxa such as subspecies.

text: In

text: biology

text: species

text: abbreviated

text: sp

text: with

text: the

text: plural

text: form

text: species

text: abbreviated

text: spp

text: is

text: the

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: and

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: species

text: is

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: individuals

text: can

text: produce

text: fertile

text: offspring

text: typically

text: by

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: While

text: this

text: definition

text: is

text: often

text: adequate

text: looked

text: at

text: more

text: closely

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: problematic

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: species

text: complex

text: the

text: boundaries

text: between

text: closely

text: related

text: species

text: become

text: unclear

text: or

text: disappear

text: altogether

text: Other

text: ways

text: of

text: defining

text: species

text: include

text: similarity

text: of

text: DNA

text: morphology

text: or

text: ecological

text: niche

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: locally

text: adaptive

text: traits

text: may

text: further

text: subdivide

text: species

text: into

text: infraspecific

text: taxa

text: such

text: as

text: subspecies

text: In botany, an evergreen is a plant that has leaves throughout the year, always green. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season. There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:

text: In

text: botany

text: an

text: evergreen

text: is

text: plant

text: that

text: has

text: leaves

text: throughout

text: the

text: year

text: always

text: green

text: This

text: contrasts

text: with

text: deciduous

text: plants

text: which

text: completely

text: lose

text: their

text: foliage

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: or

text: dry

text: season

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: different

text: kinds

text: of

text: evergreen

text: plants

text: both

text: trees

text: and

text: shrubs

text: Evergreens

text: include

text: Liquified gas (sometimes referred to as liquid gas) is a gas that has been turned into a liquid by cooling or compressing it. Examples of liquified gases include liquid air, liquefied natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas.

text: Liquified

text: gas

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: liquid

text: gas

text: is

text: gas

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: turned

text: into

text: liquid

text: by

text: cooling

text: or

text: compressing

text: it

text: Examples

text: of

text: liquified

text: gases

text: include

text: liquid

text: air

text: liquefied

text: natural

text: gas

text: and

text: liquefied

text: petroleum

text: gas

text: An essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. Essential oils are also known as volatile oils, ethereal oils, aetherolea, or simply as the oil of the plant from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove. An oil is "essential" in the sense that it contains the "essence of" the plant's fragrancethe characteristic fragrance of the plant from which it is derived. The term essential used here does not mean indispensable as with the terms essential amino acid or essential fatty acid which are so called since they are nutritionally required by a given living organism.

text: An

text: essential

text: oil

text: is

text: concentrated

text: hydrophobic

text: liquid

text: containing

text: volatile

text: aroma

text: compounds

text: from

text: plants

text: Essential

text: oils

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: volatile

text: oils

text: ethereal

text: oils

text: aetherolea

text: or

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: oil

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: from

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: extracted

text: such

text: as

text: oil

text: of

text: clove

text: An

text: oil

text: is

text: essential

text: in

text: the

text: sense

text: that

text: it

text: contains

text: the

text: essence

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: 's

text: fragrancethe

text: characteristic

text: fragrance

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: derived

text: The

text: term

text: essential

text: used

text: here

text: does

text: not

text: mean

text: indispensable

text: as

text: with

text: the

text: terms

text: essential

text: amino

text: acid

text: or

text: essential

text: fatty

text: acid

text: which

text: are

text: so

text: called

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: nutritionally

text: required

text: by

text: given

text: living

text: organism

text: Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707  10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné, was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who formalised the modern system of naming organisms called binomial nomenclature. He is known by the epithet "father of modern taxonomy". Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name is rendered in Latin as (after 1761 Carolus a Linné).

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: May

text: January

text: also

text: known

text: after

text: his

text: ennoblement

text: as

text: Carl

text: von

text: Linné

text: was

text: Swedish

text: botanist

text: physician

text: and

text: zoologist

text: who

text: formalised

text: the

text: modern

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: organisms

text: called

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: epithet

text: father

text: of

text: modern

text: taxonomy

text: Many

text: of

text: his

text: writings

text: were

text: in

text: Latin

text: and

text: his

text: name

text: is

text: rendered

text: in

text: Latin

text: as

text: after

text: Carolus

text: Linné

text: Humulus lupulus (common hop or hop) is a species of flowering plant in the Cannabaceae family, native to Europe, western Asia and North America. It is a dioecious, perennial, herbaceous climbing plant which sends up new shoots in early spring and dies back to a cold-hardy rhizome in autumn. Strictly speaking it is a bine rather than a vine, using its own shoots to act as supports for new growth.

text: Humulus

text: lupulus

text: common

text: hop

text: or

text: hop

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: flowering

text: plant

text: in

text: the

text: Cannabaceae

text: family

text: native

text: to

text: Europe

text: western

text: Asia

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: dioecious

text: perennial

text: herbaceous

text: climbing

text: plant

text: which

text: sends

text: up

text: new

text: shoots

text: in

text: early

text: spring

text: and

text: dies

text: back

text: to

text: cold

text: hardy

text: rhizome

text: in

text: autumn

text: Strictly

text: speaking

text: it

text: is

text: bine

text: rather

text: than

text: vine

text: using

text: its

text: own

text: shoots

text: to

text: act

text: as

text: supports

text: for

text: new

text: growth

text: Caryophyllene / kærioflin / , or (  ) -  - caryophyllene , is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of many essential oils , especially clove oil , the oil from the stems and flowers of Syzygium aromaticum ( cloves ) , the essential oil of hemp Cannabis sativa , rosemary Rosmarinus oficinalis , and hops . It is usually found as a mixture with isocaryophyllene ( the cis double bond isomer ) and  - humulene ( obsolete name :  - caryophyllene ) , a ring - opened isomer . Caryophyllene is notable for having a cyclobutane ring , a rarity in nature . Caryophyllene is one of the chemical compounds that contributes to the spiciness of black pepper . Beta - caryophyllene was shown to be selective agonist of cannabinoid receptor type - 2 ( CB2 ) and to exert significant cannabimimetic antiinflammatory effects in mice . Antinociceptive , neuroprotective , anxiolytic and antidepressant and anti-alcoholism activity have been uncovered . Because the widespread plant natural product beta - caryophyllene is an FDA approved food additive and ingested daily with food it is the first dietary cannabinoid . Whether this compound is able to modulate inflammatory processes in humans via the endocannabinoid system is yet unknown . Beta - caryophyllene does not bind to the centrally expressed cannabinoid receptor type - 1 ( CB1 ) and therefore does not exert psychotomimetic effects . The first total synthesis of caryophyllene in 1964 by E.J. Corey was considered one of the classic demonstrations of the possibilities of synthetic organic chemistry at the time . Caryophyllene oxide , in which the olefin of caryophyllene has become an epoxide , is the component responsible for cannabis identification by drug - sniffing dogs and is also an approved food flavoring .

text: Caryophyllene

text: kærioflin

text: or

text: caryophyllene

text: is

text: natural

text: bicyclic

text: sesquiterpene

text: that

text: is

text: constituent

text: of

text: many

text: essential

text: oils

text: especially

text: clove

text: oil

text: the

text: oil

text: from

text: the

text: stems

text: and

text: flowers

text: of

text: Syzygium

text: aromaticum

text: cloves

text: the

text: essential

text: oil

text: of

text: hemp

text: Cannabis

text: sativa

text: rosemary

text: Rosmarinus

text: oficinalis

text: and

text: hops

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: found

text: as

text: mixture

text: with

text: isocaryophyllene

text: the

text: cis

text: double

text: bond

text: isomer

text: and

text: humulene

text: obsolete

text: name

text: caryophyllene

text: ring

text: opened

text: isomer

text: Caryophyllene

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: having

text: cyclobutane

text: ring

text: rarity

text: in

text: nature

text: Caryophyllene

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: that

text: contributes

text: to

text: the

text: spiciness

text: of

text: black

text: pepper

text: Beta

text: caryophyllene

text: was

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: selective

text: agonist

text: of

text: cannabinoid

text: receptor

text: type

text: and

text: to

text: exert

text: significant

text: cannabimimetic

text: antiinflammatory

text: effects

text: in

text: mice

text: Antinociceptive

text: neuroprotective

text: anxiolytic

text: and

text: antidepressant

text: and

text: anti

text: alcoholism

text: activity

text: have

text: been

text: uncovered

text: Because

text: the

text: widespread

text: plant

text: natural

text: product

text: beta

text: caryophyllene

text: is

text: an

text: FDA

text: approved

text: food

text: additive

text: and

text: ingested

text: daily

text: with

text: food

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: dietary

text: cannabinoid

text: Whether

text: this

text: compound

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: modulate

text: inflammatory

text: processes

text: in

text: humans

text: via

text: the

text: endocannabinoid

text: system

text: is

text: yet

text: unknown

text: Beta

text: caryophyllene

text: does

text: not

text: bind

text: to

text: the

text: centrally

text: expressed

text: cannabinoid

text: receptor

text: type

text: and

text: therefore

text: does

text: not

text: exert

text: psychotomimetic

text: effects

text: The

text: first

text: total

text: synthesis

text: of

text: caryophyllene

text: in

text: by

text: E.J.

text: Corey

text: was

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: classic

text: demonstrations

text: of

text: the

text: possibilities

text: of

text: synthetic

text: organic

text: chemistry

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Caryophyllene

text: oxide

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: olefin

text: of

text: caryophyllene

text: has

text: become

text: an

text: epoxide

text: is

text: the

text: component

text: responsible

text: for

text: cannabis

text: identification

text: by

text: drug

text: sniffing

text: dogs

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: approved

text: food

text: flavoring

text: An organic compound is virtually any chemical compound that contains carbon, although a consensus definition remains elusive and likely arbitrary. Organic compounds are rare terrestrially, but of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. The most basic petrochemicals are considered the building blocks of organic chemistry.

text: An

text: organic

text: compound

text: is

text: virtually

text: any

text: chemical

text: compound

text: that

text: contains

text: carbon

text: although

text: consensus

text: definition

text: remains

text: elusive

text: and

text: likely

text: arbitrary

text: Organic

text: compounds

text: are

text: rare

text: terrestrially

text: but

text: of

text: central

text: importance

text: because

text: all

text: known

text: life

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: organic

text: compounds

text: The

text: most

text: basic

text: petrochemicals

text: are

text: considered

text: the

text: building

text: blocks

text: of

text: organic

text: chemistry

text: Cyclobutane is a cycloalkane and organic compound with the formula (CH). Cyclobutane is a colourless gas and commercially available as a liquefied gas. Derivatives of cyclobutane are called cyclobutanes. Cyclobutane itself is of no commercial or biological significance, but more complex derivatives are important in biology and biotechnology.

text: Cyclobutane

text: is

text: cycloalkane

text: and

text: organic

text: compound

text: with

text: the

text: formula

text: CH

text: Cyclobutane

text: is

text: colourless

text: gas

text: and

text: commercially

text: available

text: as

text: liquefied

text: gas

text: Derivatives

text: of

text: cyclobutane

text: are

text: called

text: cyclobutanes

text: Cyclobutane

text: itself

text: is

text: of

text: no

text: commercial

text: or

text: biological

text: significance

text: but

text: more

text: complex

text: derivatives

text: are

text: important

text: in

text: biology

text: and

text: biotechnology

text:
Officinalis, or officinale, is a Medieval Latin epithet denoting substances or organisms  mainly plants  with uses in medicine and herbalism. It commonly occurs as a specific epithet - the second term of a two-part botanical name. Officinalis is used to modify masculine and feminine nouns, while officinale is used for neuter nouns.
Etymology.
The word "officinalis" literally means "of or belonging to an "officina"", the storeroom of a monastery, where medicines and other necessaries were kept. "Officina" was a contraction of "opificina", from "opifex" (gen. "opificis") "worker, maker, doer" (from "opus" "work") + -"fex", -"ficis", "one who does," from "facere" "do, perform". When Linnaeus invented the binomial system of nomenclature, he gave the specific name "officinalis", in the 1735 (1st Edition) of his Systema Naturae, to plants (and sometimes animals) with an established medicinal, culinary, or other use.

text: Officinalis

text: or

text: officinale

text: is

text: Medieval

text: Latin

text: epithet

text: denoting

text: substances

text: or

text: organisms

text: mainly

text: plants

text: with

text: uses

text: in

text: medicine

text: and

text: herbalism

text: It

text: commonly

text: occurs

text: as

text: specific

text: epithet

text: the

text: second

text: term

text: of

text: two

text: part

text: botanical

text: name

text: Officinalis

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: modify

text: masculine

text: and

text: feminine

text: nouns

text: while

text: officinale

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: neuter

text: nouns

text: Etymology

text: The

text: word

text: officinalis

text: literally

text: means

text: of

text: or

text: belonging

text: to

text: an

text: officina

text: the

text: storeroom

text: of

text: monastery

text: where

text: medicines

text: and

text: other

text: necessaries

text: were

text: kept

text: Officina

text: was

text: contraction

text: of

text: opificina

text: from

text: opifex

text: gen

text: opificis

text: worker

text: maker

text: doer

text: from

text: opus

text: work

text: -"fex

text: -"ficis

text: one

text: who

text: does

text: from

text: facere

text: do

text: perform

text: When

text: Linnaeus

text: invented

text: the

text: binomial

text: system

text: of

text: nomenclature

text: he

text: gave

text: the

text: specific

text: name

text: officinalis

text: in

text: the

text: Edition

text: of

text: his

text: Systema

text: Naturae

text: to

text: plants

text: and

text: sometimes

text: animals

text: with

text: an

text: established

text: medicinal

text: culinary

text: or

text: other

text: use

text: Terpenes are a large and diverse class of organic compounds, produced by a variety of plants, particularly conifers, though also by some insects such as termites or swallowtail butterflies, which emit terpenes from their osmeteria. They often have a strong odor and may protect the plants that produce them by deterring herbivores and by attracting predators and parasites of herbivores. The difference between terpenes and terpenoids is that terpenes are hydrocarbons, whereas terpenoids contain additional functional groups.

text: Terpenes

text: are

text: large

text: and

text: diverse

text: class

text: of

text: organic

text: compounds

text: produced

text: by

text: variety

text: of

text: plants

text: particularly

text: conifers

text: though

text: also

text: by

text: some

text: insects

text: such

text: as

text: termites

text: or

text: swallowtail

text: butterflies

text: which

text: emit

text: terpenes

text: from

text: their

text: osmeteria

text: They

text: often

text: have

text: strong

text: odor

text: and

text: may

text: protect

text: the

text: plants

text: that

text: produce

text: them

text: by

text: deterring

text: herbivores

text: and

text: by

text: attracting

text: predators

text: and

text: parasites

text: of

text: herbivores

text: The

text: difference

text: between

text: terpenes

text: and

text: terpenoids

text: is

text: that

text: terpenes

text: are

text: hydrocarbons

text: whereas

text: terpenoids

text: contain

text: additional

text: functional

text: groups

text: The flowering plants (angiosperms), also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approx. 13,164 known genera and a total of c. 295,383 known species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants; they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure, in other words, a fruiting plant. The term "angiosperm" comes from the Greek composite word ("angeion", "case" or "casing", and "sperma", "seed") meaning "enclosed seeds", after the enclosed condition of the seeds.

text: The

text: flowering

text: plants

text: angiosperms

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Angiospermae

text: or

text: Magnoliophyta

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: land

text: plants

text: with

text: families

text: approx

text: known

text: genera

text: and

text: total

text: of

text: known

text: species

text: Like

text: gymnosperms

text: angiosperms

text: are

text: seed

text: producing

text: plants

text: they

text: are

text: distinguished

text: from

text: gymnosperms

text: by

text: characteristics

text: including

text: flowers

text: endosperm

text: within

text: the

text: seeds

text: and

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: fruits

text: that

text: contain

text: the

text: seeds

text: Etymologically

text: angiosperm

text: means

text: plant

text: that

text: produces

text: seeds

text: within

text: an

text: enclosure

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: fruiting

text: plant

text: The

text: term

text: angiosperm

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: composite

text: word

text: angeion

text: case

text: or

text: casing

text: and

text: sperma

text: seed

text: meaning

text: enclosed

text: seeds

text: after

text: the

text: enclosed

text: condition

text: of

text: the

text: seeds

text: Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant "Humulus lupulus." They are used primarily as a flavoring and stability agent in beer, to which they impart bitter, zesty, or citric flavours; though they are also used for various purposes in other beverages and herbal medicine. The hop plant is a vigorous, climbing, herbaceous perennial, usually trained to grow up strings in a field called a hopfield, hop garden (nomenclature in the South of England), or hop yard (in the West Country and U.S.) when grown commercially. Many different varieties of hops are grown by farmers around the world, with different types being used for particular styles of beer.

text: Hops

text: are

text: the

text: flowers

text: also

text: called

text: seed

text: cones

text: or

text: strobiles

text: of

text: the

text: hop

text: plant

text: Humulus

text: lupulus

text: They

text: are

text: used

text: primarily

text: as

text: flavoring

text: and

text: stability

text: agent

text: in

text: beer

text: to

text: which

text: they

text: impart

text: bitter

text: zesty

text: or

text: citric

text: flavours

text: though

text: they

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: for

text: various

text: purposes

text: in

text: other

text: beverages

text: and

text: herbal

text: medicine

text: The

text: hop

text: plant

text: is

text: vigorous

text: climbing

text: herbaceous

text: perennial

text: usually

text: trained

text: to

text: grow

text: up

text: strings

text: in

text: field

text: called

text: hopfield

text: hop

text: garden

text: nomenclature

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: of

text: England

text: or

text: hop

text: yard

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Country

text: and

text: U.S.

text: when

text: grown

text: commercially

text: Many

text: different

text: varieties

text: of

text: hops

text: are

text: grown

text: by

text: farmers

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: different

text: types

text: being

text: used

text: for

text: particular

text: styles

text: of

text: beer

text: Oil of clove, also known as clove oil, is an essential oil extracted from the clove plant, "Syzygium aromaticum". It has the CAS number 8000-34-8.

text: Oil

text: of

text: clove

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: clove

text: oil

text: is

text: an

text: essential

text: oil

text: extracted

text: from

text: the

text: clove

text: plant

text: Syzygium

text: aromaticum

text: It

text: has

text: the

text: CAS

text: number

text: Isoprene, or 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is a common organic compound with the formula CH=C(CH)-CH=CH. In its pure form, it is a colorless volatile liquid. Isoprene is produced by many plants, and its polymers are the main component of natural rubber. C.G. Williams named the compound in 1860 after obtaining it from thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of natural rubber; he correctly deduced the empirical formula CH.

text: Isoprene

text: or

text: is

text: common

text: organic

text: compound

text: with

text: the

text: formula

text: CH

text: C(CH)-CH

text: CH

text: In

text: its

text: pure

text: form

text: it

text: is

text: colorless

text: volatile

text: liquid

text: Isoprene

text: is

text: produced

text: by

text: many

text: plants

text: and

text: its

text: polymers

text: are

text: the

text: main

text: component

text: of

text: natural

text: rubber

text: C.G.

text: Williams

text: named

text: the

text: compound

text: in

text: after

text: obtaining

text: it

text: from

text: thermal

text: decomposition

text: pyrolysis

text: of

text: natural

text: rubber

text: he

text: correctly

text: deduced

text: the

text: empirical

text: formula

text: CH

text: In general use, herbs are any plants used for food, flavoring, medicine, or fragrances for their savory or aromatic properties. Culinary use typically distinguishes herbs from spices. "Herbs" refer to the leafy green or flowering parts of a plant (either fresh or dried), while "spices" are produced from other parts of the plant (usually dried), including seeds, berries, bark, roots and fruits.

text: In

text: general

text: use

text: herbs

text: are

text: any

text: plants

text: used

text: for

text: food

text: flavoring

text: medicine

text: or

text: fragrances

text: for

text: their

text: savory

text: or

text: aromatic

text: properties

text: Culinary

text: use

text: typically

text: distinguishes

text: herbs

text: from

text: spices

text: Herbs

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: leafy

text: green

text: or

text: flowering

text: parts

text: of

text: plant

text: either

text: fresh

text: or

text: dried

text: while

text: spices

text: are

text: produced

text: from

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: usually

text: dried

text: including

text: seeds

text: berries

text: bark

text: roots

text: and

text: fruits

text: Recorded history or written history is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication. Recorded history can be contrasted with other narratives of the past, such as mythological, oral or archeological traditions.

text: Recorded

text: history

text: or

text: written

text: history

text: is

text: historical

text: narrative

text: based

text: on

text: written

text: record

text: or

text: other

text: documented

text: communication

text: Recorded

text: history

text: can

text: be

text: contrasted

text: with

text: other

text: narratives

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: such

text: as

text: mythological

text: oral

text: or

text: archeological

text: traditions

text: Essential fatty acids, or EFAs, are fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesize them.

text: Essential

text: fatty

text: acids

text: or

text: EFAs

text: are

text: fatty

text: acids

text: that

text: humans

text: and

text: other

text: animals

text: must

text: ingest

text: because

text: the

text: body

text: requires

text: them

text: for

text: good

text: health

text: but

text: can

text: not

text: synthesize

text: them

text: In biological classification, subspecies (abbreviated "subsp." or "ssp."; "plural": "subspecies") is either a taxonomic rank subordinate to species, or a taxonomic unit in that rank. A subspecies cannot be recognized independently: a species will either be recognized as having no subspecies at all or at least two (including any that are extinct).

text: In

text: biological

text: classification

text: subspecies

text: abbreviated

text: subsp

text: or

text: ssp

text: plural

text: subspecies

text: is

text: either

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: subordinate

text: to

text: species

text: or

text: taxonomic

text: unit

text: in

text: that

text: rank

text: subspecies

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: recognized

text: independently

text: species

text: will

text: either

text: be

text: recognized

text: as

text: having

text: no

text: subspecies

text: at

text: all

text: or

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: including

text: any

text: that

text: are

text: extinct

text: The Indian subcontinent or the subcontinent, also called Indian continent, is a southern region of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas. Geologically, the Indian subcontinent is related to the land mass that rifted from Gondwana and merged with the Eurasian plate nearly 55 million years ago. Geographically, it is the peninsular region in south-central Asia delineated by the Himalayas in the north, the Hindu Kush in the west, and the Arakanese in the east. Politically, the Indian subcontinent usually includes Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

text: The

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: or

text: the

text: subcontinent

text: also

text: called

text: Indian

text: continent

text: is

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: Asia

text: mostly

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: Indian

text: Plate

text: and

text: projecting

text: southwards

text: into

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: from

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: Geologically

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: land

text: mass

text: that

text: rifted

text: from

text: Gondwana

text: and

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: plate

text: nearly

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: Geographically

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: peninsular

text: region

text: in

text: south

text: central

text: Asia

text: delineated

text: by

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Arakanese

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: Politically

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: usually

text: includes

text: Bangladesh

text: Bhutan

text: India

text: Maldives

text: Nepal

text: Pakistan

text: and

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Cannabis is a genus of flowering plant that includes three species (and seven taxa) or subspecies, "sativa", "indica", and "ruderalis". The plant is indigenous to central Asia and the Indian subcontinent.

text: Cannabis

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: flowering

text: plant

text: that

text: includes

text: three

text: species

text: and

text: seven

text: taxa

text: or

text: subspecies

text: sativa

text: indica

text: and

text: ruderalis

text: The

text: plant

text: is

text: indigenous

text: to

text: central

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as "the 'stans" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent.

text: Central

text: Asia

text: or

text: Middle

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: core

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: and

text: stretches

text: from

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: colloquially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: stans

text: as

text: the

text: six

text: countries

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: all

text: have

text: names

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: Persian

text: suffix

text: -stan

text: meaning

text: land

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: within

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Eurasian

text: continent

text: Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenes that consist of three isoprene units and have the Molecular formula CH. Like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes may be acyclic or contain rings, including many unique combinations. Biochemical modifications such as oxidation or rearrangement produce the related sesquiterpenoids.

text: Sesquiterpenes

text: are

text: class

text: of

text: terpenes

text: that

text: consist

text: of

text: three

text: isoprene

text: units

text: and

text: have

text: the

text: Molecular

text: formula

text: CH

text: Like

text: monoterpenes

text: sesquiterpenes

text: may

text: be

text: acyclic

text: or

text: contain

text: rings

text: including

text: many

text: unique

text: combinations

text: Biochemical

text: modifications

text: such

text: as

text: oxidation

text: or

text: rearrangement

text: produce

text: the

text: related

text: sesquiterpenoids

text: A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in plants that are floral (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower). Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy). Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen. After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into fruit containing seeds.

text: flower

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: bloom

text: or

text: blossom

text: is

text: the

text: reproductive

text: structure

text: found

text: in

text: plants

text: that

text: are

text: floral

text: plants

text: of

text: the

text: division

text: Magnoliophyta

text: also

text: called

text: angiosperms

text: The

text: biological

text: function

text: of

text: flower

text: is

text: to

text: effect

text: reproduction

text: usually

text: by

text: providing

text: mechanism

text: for

text: the

text: union

text: of

text: sperm

text: with

text: eggs

text: Flowers

text: may

text: facilitate

text: outcrossing

text: fusion

text: of

text: sperm

text: and

text: eggs

text: from

text: different

text: individuals

text: in

text: population

text: or

text: allow

text: selfing

text: fusion

text: of

text: sperm

text: and

text: egg

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: flower

text: Some

text: flowers

text: produce

text: diaspores

text: without

text: fertilization

text: parthenocarpy

text: Flowers

text: contain

text: sporangia

text: and

text: are

text: the

text: site

text: where

text: gametophytes

text: develop

text: Many

text: flowers

text: have

text: evolved

text: to

text: be

text: attractive

text: to

text: animals

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: cause

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: vectors

text: for

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: pollen

text: After

text: fertilization

text: the

text: ovary

text: of

text: the

text: flower

text: develops

text: into

text: fruit

text: containing

text: seeds

text: Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous plant in the "Cannabis" genus, a species of the Cannabaceae family. People have cultivated "Cannabis sativa" throughout recorded history as a source of industrial fibre, seed oil, food, recreation, religious and spiritual moods, and medicine. Each part of the plant is harvested differently, depending on the purpose of its use. The species was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1753.

text: Cannabis

text: sativa

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: herbaceous

text: plant

text: in

text: the

text: Cannabis

text: genus

text: species

text: of

text: the

text: Cannabaceae

text: family

text: People

text: have

text: cultivated

text: Cannabis

text: sativa

text: throughout

text: recorded

text: history

text: as

text: source

text: of

text: industrial

text: fibre

text: seed

text: oil

text: food

text: recreation

text: religious

text: and

text: spiritual

text: moods

text: and

text: medicine

text: Each

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: is

text: harvested

text: differently

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: its

text: use

text: The

text: species

text: was

text: first

text: classified

text: by

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: in

text: Cannabaceae is a small family of flowering plants. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including "Cannabis" (hemp, marijuana), "Humulus" (hops) and "Celtis" (hackberries). "Celtis" is by far the largest genus, containing about 100 species.

text: Cannabaceae

text: is

text: small

text: family

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: As

text: now

text: circumscribed

text: the

text: family

text: includes

text: about

text: species

text: grouped

text: in

text: about

text: genera

text: including

text: Cannabis

text: hemp

text: marijuana

text: Humulus

text: hops

text: and

text: Celtis

text: hackberries

text: Celtis

text: is

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: largest

text: genus

text: containing

text: about

text: species

question: has_part caryophyllene

answer: carbon

text: carbon

text: carbon

text: carbon

text: carbon

text: carbon

text: carbon

text: carbon