text: Babylon (or ; Aramaic: , "Babel", , "Bavel", , "Bbil") was a major city of ancient Mesopotamia in the fertile plain between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The city was built upon the Euphrates and divided in equal parts along its left and right banks, with steep embankments to contain the river's seasonal floods. Babylon was originally a small Semitic Akkadian city dating from the period of the Akkadian Empire c. 2300 BC.

text: Babylon

text: or

text: Aramaic

text: Babel

text: Bavel

text: Bbil

text: was

text: major

text: city

text: of

text: ancient

text: Mesopotamia

text: in

text: the

text: fertile

text: plain

text: between

text: the

text: Tigris

text: and

text: Euphrates

text: rivers

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: built

text: upon

text: the

text: Euphrates

text: and

text: divided

text: in

text: equal

text: parts

text: along

text: its

text: left

text: and

text: right

text: banks

text: with

text: steep

text: embankments

text: to

text: contain

text: the

text: river

text: 's

text: seasonal

text: floods

text: Babylon

text: was

text: originally

text: small

text: Semitic

text: Akkadian

text: city

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: Akkadian

text: Empire

text: BC

text: The Hittites were an Ancient Anatolian people who established an empire centered on Hattusa in north-central Anatolia around 1600 BC. This empire reached its height during the mid-14th century BC under Suppiluliuma I, when it encompassed an area that included most of Anatolia as well as parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia. Between the 15th and 13th centuries BC the Hittite Empire came into conflict with the Egyptian Empire, Middle Assyrian Empire and the empire of the Mitanni for control of the Near East. The Assyrians eventually emerged as the dominant power and annexed much of the Hittite empire, while the remainder was sacked by Phrygian newcomers to the region. After c. 1180 BC, during the Bronze Age collapse, the Hittites splintered into several independent "Neo-Hittite" city-states, some of which survived until the 8th century BC before succumbing to the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

text: The

text: Hittites

text: were

text: an

text: Ancient

text: Anatolian

text: people

text: who

text: established

text: an

text: empire

text: centered

text: on

text: Hattusa

text: in

text: north

text: central

text: Anatolia

text: around

text: BC

text: This

text: empire

text: reached

text: its

text: height

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: under

text: Suppiluliuma

text: when

text: it

text: encompassed

text: an

text: area

text: that

text: included

text: most

text: of

text: Anatolia

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: northern

text: Levant

text: and

text: Upper

text: Mesopotamia

text: Between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: the

text: Hittite

text: Empire

text: came

text: into

text: conflict

text: with

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Empire

text: Middle

text: Assyrian

text: Empire

text: and

text: the

text: empire

text: of

text: the

text: Mitanni

text: for

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Near

text: East

text: The

text: Assyrians

text: eventually

text: emerged

text: as

text: the

text: dominant

text: power

text: and

text: annexed

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Hittite

text: empire

text: while

text: the

text: remainder

text: was

text: sacked

text: by

text: Phrygian

text: newcomers

text: to

text: the

text: region

text: After

text: BC

text: during

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: collapse

text: the

text: Hittites

text: splintered

text: into

text: several

text: independent

text: Neo

text: Hittite

text: city

text: states

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: survived

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: before

text: succumbing

text: to

text: the

text: Neo

text: Assyrian

text: Empire

text: Seawater, or salt water, is water from a sea or ocean. On average, seawater in the world's oceans has a salinity of about 3.5% (35 g/L, or 0.600 M) This means that every kilogram (roughly one litre by volume) of seawater has approximately of dissolved salts (predominantly sodium and chloride ions). Average density at the surface is 1.025 kg/l. Seawater is denser than both fresh water and pure water (density 1.0 kg/l at ) because the dissolved salts increase the mass by a larger proportion than the volume. The freezing point of seawater decreases as salt concentration increases. At typical salinity, it freezes at about . The coldest seawater ever recorded (in a liquid state) was in 2010, in a stream under an Antarctic glacier, and measured . Seawater pH is typically limited to a range between 7.5 and 8.4. However, there is no universally accepted reference pH-scale for seawater and the difference between measurements based on different reference scales may be up to 0.14 units.

text: Seawater

text: or

text: salt

text: water

text: is

text: water

text: from

text: sea

text: or

text: ocean

text: On

text: average

text: seawater

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: has

text: salinity

text: of

text: about

text: or

text: This

text: means

text: that

text: every

text: kilogram

text: roughly

text: one

text: litre

text: by

text: volume

text: of

text: seawater

text: has

text: approximately

text: of

text: dissolved

text: salts

text: predominantly

text: sodium

text: and

text: chloride

text: ions

text: Average

text: density

text: at

text: the

text: surface

text: is

text: kg

text: Seawater

text: is

text: denser

text: than

text: both

text: fresh

text: water

text: and

text: pure

text: water

text: density

text: kg

text: at

text: because

text: the

text: dissolved

text: salts

text: increase

text: the

text: mass

text: by

text: larger

text: proportion

text: than

text: the

text: volume

text: The

text: freezing

text: point

text: of

text: seawater

text: decreases

text: as

text: salt

text: concentration

text: increases

text: At

text: typical

text: salinity

text: it

text: freezes

text: at

text: about

text: The

text: coldest

text: seawater

text: ever

text: recorded

text: in

text: liquid

text: state

text: was

text: in

text: in

text: stream

text: under

text: an

text: Antarctic

text: glacier

text: and

text: measured

text: Seawater

text: pH

text: is

text: typically

text: limited

text: to

text: range

text: between

text: and

text: However

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: universally

text: accepted

text: reference

text: pH

text: scale

text: for

text: seawater

text: and

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: measurements

text: based

text: on

text: different

text: reference

text: scales

text: may

text: be

text: up

text: to

text: units

text: Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI ; Sumerian: eridu; Akkadian: "irîtu" modern Arabic: Tell Abu Shahrain) is an archaeological site in southern Mesopotamia (modern Dhi Qar Governorate, Iraq). Eridu was long considered the earliest city in southern Mesopotamia and is still today argued to be the oldest city in the world. Located 12 km southwest of Ur, Eridu was the southernmost of a conglomeration of Sumerian cities that grew around temples, almost in sight of one another. These buildings were made of mud brick and built on top of one another. With the temples growing upward and the village growing outward, a larger city was built. In Sumerian mythology, Eridu was originally the home of Enki, later known by the Akkadians as Ea, who was considered to have founded the city. His temple was called E-Abzu, as Enki was believed to live in Abzu, an aquifer from which all life was believed to stem.

text: Eridu

text: Cuneiform

text: NUN.KI

text: Sumerian

text: eridu

text: Akkadian

text: irîtu

text: modern

text: Arabic

text: Tell

text: Abu

text: Shahrain

text: is

text: an

text: archaeological

text: site

text: in

text: southern

text: Mesopotamia

text: modern

text: Dhi

text: Qar

text: Governorate

text: Iraq

text: Eridu

text: was

text: long

text: considered

text: the

text: earliest

text: city

text: in

text: southern

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: is

text: still

text: today

text: argued

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: oldest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Located

text: km

text: southwest

text: of

text: Ur

text: Eridu

text: was

text: the

text: southernmost

text: of

text: conglomeration

text: of

text: Sumerian

text: cities

text: that

text: grew

text: around

text: temples

text: almost

text: in

text: sight

text: of

text: one

text: another

text: These

text: buildings

text: were

text: made

text: of

text: mud

text: brick

text: and

text: built

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: one

text: another

text: With

text: the

text: temples

text: growing

text: upward

text: and

text: the

text: village

text: growing

text: outward

text: larger

text: city

text: was

text: built

text: In

text: Sumerian

text: mythology

text: Eridu

text: was

text: originally

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: Enki

text: later

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: Akkadians

text: as

text: Ea

text: who

text: was

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: founded

text: the

text: city

text: His

text: temple

text: was

text: called

text: Abzu

text: as

text: Enki

text: was

text: believed

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: Abzu

text: an

text: aquifer

text: from

text: which

text: all

text: life

text: was

text: believed

text: to

text: stem

text: The Hurrians (cuneiform: ; transliteration: "u-ur-ri"), also called Hari, Khurrites, Hourri, Churri, Hurri or Hurriter, were a people of the Bronze Age Near East. They spoke a Hurro-Urartian language called Hurrian, and lived in Anatolia and Northern Mesopotamia. The largest and most influential Hurrian nation was the multi-ethnic kingdom of Mitanni, the Mitanni perhaps being Indo-European speakers who formed a ruling class over the Hurrians. The population of the Indo-European-speaking Hittite Empire in Anatolia included a large population of Hurrians, and there is significant Hurrian influence in Hittite mythology. By the Early Iron Age, the Hurrians had been assimilated with other peoples. Their remnants were subdued by a related people that formed the state of Urartu. According to a hypothesis by I.M. Diakonoff and S. Starostin, the Hurrian and Urartian languages shared a common ancestor and were related to the Northeast Caucasian languages. The present-day Armenians are an amalgam of the Indo-European groups with the Hurrians and Urartians.

text: The

text: Hurrians

text: cuneiform

text: transliteration

text: ur

text: ri

text: also

text: called

text: Hari

text: Khurrites

text: Hourri

text: Churri

text: Hurri

text: or

text: Hurriter

text: were

text: people

text: of

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: Near

text: East

text: They

text: spoke

text: Hurro

text: Urartian

text: language

text: called

text: Hurrian

text: and

text: lived

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: and

text: Northern

text: Mesopotamia

text: The

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: influential

text: Hurrian

text: nation

text: was

text: the

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Mitanni

text: the

text: Mitanni

text: perhaps

text: being

text: Indo

text: European

text: speakers

text: who

text: formed

text: ruling

text: class

text: over

text: the

text: Hurrians

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: speaking

text: Hittite

text: Empire

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: included

text: large

text: population

text: of

text: Hurrians

text: and

text: there

text: is

text: significant

text: Hurrian

text: influence

text: in

text: Hittite

text: mythology

text: By

text: the

text: Early

text: Iron

text: Age

text: the

text: Hurrians

text: had

text: been

text: assimilated

text: with

text: other

text: peoples

text: Their

text: remnants

text: were

text: subdued

text: by

text: related

text: people

text: that

text: formed

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Urartu

text: According

text: to

text: hypothesis

text: by

text: I.M.

text: Diakonoff

text: and

text: Starostin

text: the

text: Hurrian

text: and

text: Urartian

text: languages

text: shared

text: common

text: ancestor

text: and

text: were

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: Northeast

text: Caucasian

text: languages

text: The

text: present

text: day

text: Armenians

text: are

text: an

text: amalgam

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: groups

text: with

text: the

text: Hurrians

text: and

text: Urartians

text: Sumer was the first urban civilization in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia, modern-day southern Iraq, during the Chalcolithic and Early Bronze ages, and arguably the first civilization in the world with Ancient Egypt and the Indus Valley. Living along the valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates, Sumerian farmers were able to grow an abundance of grain and other crops, the surplus of which enabled them to settle in one place.

text: Sumer

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: urban

text: civilization

text: in

text: the

text: historical

text: region

text: of

text: southern

text: Mesopotamia

text: modern

text: day

text: southern

text: Iraq

text: during

text: the

text: Chalcolithic

text: and

text: Early

text: Bronze

text: ages

text: and

text: arguably

text: the

text: first

text: civilization

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Indus

text: Valley

text: Living

text: along

text: the

text: valleys

text: of

text: the

text: Tigris

text: and

text: Euphrates

text: Sumerian

text: farmers

text: were

text: able

text: to

text: grow

text: an

text: abundance

text: of

text: grain

text: and

text: other

text: crops

text: the

text: surplus

text: of

text: which

text: enabled

text: them

text: to

text: settle

text: in

text: one

text: place

text: A lake is an area of variable size filled with water, localized in a basin, that is surrounded by land, apart from any river or other outlet that serves to feed or drain the lake. Lakes lie on land and are not part of the ocean, and therefore are distinct from lagoons, and are also larger and deeper than ponds, though there are no official or scientific definitions. Lakes can be contrasted with rivers or streams, which are usually flowing. Most lakes are fed and drained by rivers and streams.

text: lake

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: variable

text: size

text: filled

text: with

text: water

text: localized

text: in

text: basin

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: land

text: apart

text: from

text: any

text: river

text: or

text: other

text: outlet

text: that

text: serves

text: to

text: feed

text: or

text: drain

text: the

text: lake

text: Lakes

text: lie

text: on

text: land

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: ocean

text: and

text: therefore

text: are

text: distinct

text: from

text: lagoons

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: larger

text: and

text: deeper

text: than

text: ponds

text: though

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: or

text: scientific

text: definitions

text: Lakes

text: can

text: be

text: contrasted

text: with

text: rivers

text: or

text: streams

text: which

text: are

text: usually

text: flowing

text: Most

text: lakes

text: are

text: fed

text: and

text: drained

text: by

text: rivers

text: and

text: streams

text: Enki (Sumerian: ) is a god in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Akkadian and Babylonian mythology. He was originally patron god of the city of Eridu, but later the influence of his cult spread throughout Mesopotamia and to the Canaanites, Hittites and Hurrians. He was the deity of crafts ("gašam"); mischief; water, seawater, lakewater ("a", "aba", "ab"), intelligence ("gestú", literally "ear") and creation ("Nudimmud": "nu", likeness, "dim mud", make beer). He was associated with the southern band of constellations called "stars of Ea", but also with the constellation AŠ-IKU, "the Field" (Square of Pegasus). Beginning around the second millennium BCE, he was sometimes referred to in writing by the numeric ideogram for "40," occasionally referred to as his "sacred number." The planet Mercury, associated with Babylonian "Nabu" (the son of Marduk) was in Sumerian times, identified with Enki.

text: Enki

text: Sumerian

text: is

text: god

text: in

text: Sumerian

text: mythology

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Ea

text: in

text: Akkadian

text: and

text: Babylonian

text: mythology

text: He

text: was

text: originally

text: patron

text: god

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Eridu

text: but

text: later

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: his

text: cult

text: spread

text: throughout

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: Canaanites

text: Hittites

text: and

text: Hurrians

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: deity

text: of

text: crafts

text: gašam

text: mischief

text: water

text: seawater

text: lakewater

text: aba

text: ab

text: intelligence

text: gestú

text: literally

text: ear

text: and

text: creation

text: Nudimmud

text: nu

text: likeness

text: dim

text: mud

text: make

text: beer

text: He

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: southern

text: band

text: of

text: constellations

text: called

text: stars

text: of

text: Ea

text: but

text: also

text: with

text: the

text: constellation

text: AŠ

text: IKU

text: the

text: Field

text: Square

text: of

text: Pegasus

text: Beginning

text: around

text: the

text: second

text: millennium

text: BCE

text: he

text: was

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: writing

text: by

text: the

text: numeric

text: ideogram

text: for

text: occasionally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: his

text: sacred

text: number

text: The

text: planet

text: Mercury

text: associated

text: with

text: Babylonian

text: Nabu

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Marduk

text: was

text: in

text: Sumerian

text: times

text: identified

text: with

text: Enki

text: Mesopotamia ("[land] between rivers"; from Ancient Armenian  (Mijagetq); "bild ar-rfidayn" "miyn rodn"; "Beth Nahrain" "land of rivers") is a name for the area of the TigrisEuphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish-Syrian and IranIraq borders.

text: Mesopotamia

text: land

text: between

text: rivers

text: from

text: Ancient

text: Armenian

text: Mijagetq

text: bild

text: ar

text: rfidayn

text: miyn

text: rodn

text: Beth

text: Nahrain

text: land

text: of

text: rivers

text: is

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: TigrisEuphrates

text: river

text: system

text: in

text: modern

text: days

text: roughly

text: corresponding

text: to

text: most

text: of

text: Iraq

text: plus

text: Kuwait

text: the

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: Syria

text: Southeastern

text: Turkey

text: and

text: regions

text: along

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Syrian

text: and

text: IranIraq

text: borders

text: Abu in Sumerian religion was a minor god of plants . He was one of the eight deities born to relieve the illness of Enki . Abu means `` father of plants and vegetation . '' Stephen Langdon has proposed that Abu may have been an early name of Tammuz , on the basis that Abu was identified as the consort of Inanna , and that the name Abu did not appear in texts later than the Third Dynasty of Ur .

text: Abu

text: in

text: Sumerian

text: religion

text: was

text: minor

text: god

text: of

text: plants

text: He

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: eight

text: deities

text: born

text: to

text: relieve

text: the

text: illness

text: of

text: Enki

text: Abu

text: means

text: father

text: of

text: plants

text: and

text: vegetation

text: Stephen

text: Langdon

text: has

text: proposed

text: that

text: Abu

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: an

text: early

text: name

text: of

text: Tammuz

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: that

text: Abu

text: was

text: identified

text: as

text: the

text: consort

text: of

text: Inanna

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: name

text: Abu

text: did

text: not

text: appear

text: in

text: texts

text: later

text: than

text: the

text: Third

text: Dynasty

text: of

text: Ur

text: Assyria was a major Mesopotamian East Semitic-speaking kingdom and empire of the ancient Near East. It existed as an independent state from perhaps as early as the 25th century BC in the form of the Assur city-state, until its lapse between 612 BC and 599 BC, spanning the Early to Middle Bronze Age through to the late Iron Age.

text: Assyria

text: was

text: major

text: Mesopotamian

text: East

text: Semitic

text: speaking

text: kingdom

text: and

text: empire

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Near

text: East

text: It

text: existed

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: state

text: from

text: perhaps

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Assur

text: city

text: state

text: until

text: its

text: lapse

text: between

text: BC

text: and

text: BC

text: spanning

text: the

text: Early

text: to

text: Middle

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: late

text: Iron

text: Age

text: The Sumerian religion influenced Mesopotamian mythology as a whole, surviving in the mythologies and religions of the Hurrians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and other culture groups.

text: The

text: Sumerian

text: religion

text: influenced

text: Mesopotamian

text: mythology

text: as

text: whole

text: surviving

text: in

text: the

text: mythologies

text: and

text: religions

text: of

text: the

text: Hurrians

text: Akkadians

text: Babylonians

text: Assyrians

text: and

text: other

text: culture

text: groups

text: Marduk (Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMAR.UTU "solar calf"; Greek , "Mardochaios") was a late-generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon. When Babylon became the political center of the Euphrates valley in the time of Hammurabi (18th century BC), he slowly started to rise to the position of the head of the Babylonian pantheon, a position he fully acquired by the second half of the second millennium BC. In the city of Babylon, he resided in the temple Esagila. "Marduk" is the Babylonian form of his name.

text: Marduk

text: Sumerian

text: spelling

text: in

text: Akkadian

text: AMAR.UTU

text: solar

text: calf

text: Greek

text: Mardochaios

text: was

text: late

text: generation

text: god

text: from

text: ancient

text: Mesopotamia

text: and

text: patron

text: deity

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Babylon

text: When

text: Babylon

text: became

text: the

text: political

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Euphrates

text: valley

text: in

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: Hammurabi

text: century

text: BC

text: he

text: slowly

text: started

text: to

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Babylonian

text: pantheon

text: position

text: he

text: fully

text: acquired

text: by

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: millennium

text: BC

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Babylon

text: he

text: resided

text: in

text: the

text: temple

text: Esagila

text: Marduk

text: is

text: the

text: Babylonian

text: form

text: of

text: his

text: name

text: Nabu is the patron god of scribes, wisdom and literature, being worshipped by the Assyrian and Babylonian people. He was identified as the son of the great god Marduk by the Babylonians and as the son of Ashur by the Assyrians.

text: Nabu

text: is

text: the

text: patron

text: god

text: of

text: scribes

text: wisdom

text: and

text: literature

text: being

text: worshipped

text: by

text: the

text: Assyrian

text: and

text: Babylonian

text: people

text: He

text: was

text: identified

text: as

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: god

text: Marduk

text: by

text: the

text: Babylonians

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Ashur

text: by

text: the

text: Assyrians

question: instance_of abu

answer: deity

text: deity

text: deity


text: A tributary or affluent is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream or main stem (or parent) river or a lake. A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean. Tributaries and the main stem river drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater, leading the water out into an ocean.

text: tributary

text: or

text: affluent

text: is

text: stream

text: or

text: river

text: that

text: flows

text: into

text: larger

text: stream

text: or

text: main

text: stem

text: or

text: parent

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: tributary

text: does

text: not

text: flow

text: directly

text: into

text: sea

text: or

text: ocean

text: Tributaries

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: stem

text: river

text: drain

text: the

text: surrounding

text: drainage

text: basin

text: of

text: its

text: surface

text: water

text: and

text: groundwater

text: leading

text: the

text: water

text: out

text: into

text: an

text: ocean

text: Gyeongju, historically known as "Seorabeol", is a coastal city in the far southeastern corner of North Gyeongsang Province in South Korea. It is the second largest city by area in the province after Andong, covering with a population of 264,091 people (as of December 2012.) Gyeongju is southeast of Seoul, and east of Daegu. The city borders Cheongdo and Yeongcheon to the west, Ulsan to the south and Pohang to the north, while to the east lies the coast of the East Sea. Numerous low mountainsoutliers of the Taebaek rangeare scattered around the city.

text: Gyeongju

text: historically

text: known

text: as

text: Seorabeol

text: is

text: coastal

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: southeastern

text: corner

text: of

text: North

text: Gyeongsang

text: Province

text: in

text: South

text: Korea

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: after

text: Andong

text: covering

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: December

text: Gyeongju

text: is

text: southeast

text: of

text: Seoul

text: and

text: east

text: of

text: Daegu

text: The

text: city

text: borders

text: Cheongdo

text: and

text: Yeongcheon

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Ulsan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Pohang

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: while

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: lies

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Sea

text: Numerous

text: low

text: mountainsoutliers

text: of

text: the

text: Taebaek

text: rangeare

text: scattered

text: around

text: the

text: city

text: Groundwater (or ground water) is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. A unit of rock or an unconsolidated deposit is called an aquifer when it can yield a usable quantity of water. The depth at which soil pore spaces or fractures and voids in rock become completely saturated with water is called the water table. Groundwater is recharged from, and eventually flows to, the surface naturally; natural discharge often occurs at springs and seeps, and can form oases or wetlands. Groundwater is also often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal, and industrial use by constructing and operating extraction wells. The study of the distribution and movement of groundwater is hydrogeology, also called groundwater hydrology.

text: Groundwater

text: or

text: ground

text: water

text: is

text: the

text: water

text: present

text: beneath

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: in

text: soil

text: pore

text: spaces

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: fractures

text: of

text: rock

text: formations

text: unit

text: of

text: rock

text: or

text: an

text: unconsolidated

text: deposit

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: aquifer

text: when

text: it

text: can

text: yield

text: usable

text: quantity

text: of

text: water

text: The

text: depth

text: at

text: which

text: soil

text: pore

text: spaces

text: or

text: fractures

text: and

text: voids

text: in

text: rock

text: become

text: completely

text: saturated

text: with

text: water

text: is

text: called

text: the

text: water

text: table

text: Groundwater

text: is

text: recharged

text: from

text: and

text: eventually

text: flows

text: to

text: the

text: surface

text: naturally

text: natural

text: discharge

text: often

text: occurs

text: at

text: springs

text: and

text: seeps

text: and

text: can

text: form

text: oases

text: or

text: wetlands

text: Groundwater

text: is

text: also

text: often

text: withdrawn

text: for

text: agricultural

text: municipal

text: and

text: industrial

text: use

text: by

text: constructing

text: and

text: operating

text: extraction

text: wells

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: distribution

text: and

text: movement

text: of

text: groundwater

text: is

text: hydrogeology

text: also

text: called

text: groundwater

text: hydrology

text: lake

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: variable

text: size

text: filled

text: with

text: water

text: localized

text: in

text: basin

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: land

text: apart

text: from

text: any

text: river

text: or

text: other

text: outlet

text: that

text: serves

text: to

text: feed

text: or

text: drain

text: the

text: lake

text: Lakes

text: lie

text: on

text: land

text: and

text: are

text: not

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: ocean

text: and

text: therefore

text: are

text: distinct

text: from

text: lagoons

text: and

text: are

text: also

text: larger

text: and

text: deeper

text: than

text: ponds

text: though

text: there

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: or

text: scientific

text: definitions

text: Lakes

text: can

text: be

text: contrasted

text: with

text: rivers

text: or

text: streams

text: which

text: are

text: usually

text: flowing

text: Most

text: lakes

text: are

text: fed

text: and

text: drained

text: by

text: rivers

text: and

text: streams

text: Yongsan Station is a major railway station in Seoul, South Korea. It is located in Yongsan District, and adjoins the Yongsan Electronics Market. The station is the terminus for high-speed and long-distance trains on a number of railway lines, including most trains on the Honam Line, its high-speed counterpart, and all trains on the Janghang and Jeolla Lines.

text: Yongsan

text: Station

text: is

text: major

text: railway

text: station

text: in

text: Seoul

text: South

text: Korea

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Yongsan

text: District

text: and

text: adjoins

text: the

text: Yongsan

text: Electronics

text: Market

text: The

text: station

text: is

text: the

text: terminus

text: for

text: high

text: speed

text: and

text: long

text: distance

text: trains

text: on

text: number

text: of

text: railway

text: lines

text: including

text: most

text: trains

text: on

text: the

text: Honam

text: Line

text: its

text: high

text: speed

text: counterpart

text: and

text: all

text: trains

text: on

text: the

text: Janghang

text: and

text: Jeolla

text: Lines

text: Jungnang Station is a station on the Jungang Line . This station was given this name because the Jungnang River , a tributary of the Han River , flows to the west of this station , and also because it is located in the Jungnang - gu district .

text: Jungnang

text: Station

text: is

text: station

text: on

text: the

text: Jungang

text: Line

text: This

text: station

text: was

text: given

text: this

text: name

text: because

text: the

text: Jungnang

text: River

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Han

text: River

text: flows

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: this

text: station

text: and

text: also

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Jungnang

text: gu

text: district

text: A drainage basin or catchment basin is an extent or an area of land where all surface water from rain, melting snow, or ice converges to a single point at a lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean. Thus if a tributary stream joins a brook that in turn joins a small river which is a tributary of a larger river, there is a series of successively larger (and lower elevation) drainage basins. For instance, the Missouri and Ohio rivers are within their own drainage basins and also within the drainage basin of the Mississippi River.

text: drainage

text: basin

text: or

text: catchment

text: basin

text: is

text: an

text: extent

text: or

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: land

text: where

text: all

text: surface

text: water

text: from

text: rain

text: melting

text: snow

text: or

text: ice

text: converges

text: to

text: single

text: point

text: at

text: lower

text: elevation

text: usually

text: the

text: exit

text: of

text: the

text: basin

text: where

text: the

text: waters

text: join

text: another

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: such

text: as

text: river

text: lake

text: reservoir

text: estuary

text: wetland

text: sea

text: or

text: ocean

text: Thus

text: if

text: tributary

text: stream

text: joins

text: brook

text: that

text: in

text: turn

text: joins

text: small

text: river

text: which

text: is

text: tributary

text: of

text: larger

text: river

text: there

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: successively

text: larger

text: and

text: lower

text: elevation

text: drainage

text: basins

text: For

text: instance

text: the

text: Missouri

text: and

text: Ohio

text: rivers

text: are

text: within

text: their

text: own

text: drainage

text: basins

text: and

text: also

text: within

text: the

text: drainage

text: basin

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and banks. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to as a "bayou", "beck", "branch", "brook", "burn", "creek", "crick", "ghyll", "gill", "kill", "lick", "mill race", "race", "rill", "river", "rivulet", "run", "runnel", "streamage", "syke", or "wash".

text: stream

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: with

text: current

text: confined

text: within

text: bed

text: and

text: banks

text: Depending

text: on

text: its

text: location

text: or

text: certain

text: characteristics

text: stream

text: may

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: bayou

text: beck

text: branch

text: brook

text: burn

text: creek

text: crick

text: ghyll

text: gill

text: kill

text: lick

text: mill

text: race

text: race

text: rill

text: river

text: rivulet

text: run

text: runnel

text: streamage

text: syke

text: or

text: wash

text: The Jungang Line (literally "Central Line") is a railway line connecting Cheongnyangni in Seoul to Gyeongju in South Korea, traversing central South Korea from the northwest to the southeast. It also referred to the rail line of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway from Yongsan Station to Yongmun Station.

text: The

text: Jungang

text: Line

text: literally

text: Central

text: Line

text: is

text: railway

text: line

text: connecting

text: Cheongnyangni

text: in

text: Seoul

text: to

text: Gyeongju

text: in

text: South

text: Korea

text: traversing

text: central

text: South

text: Korea

text: from

text: the

text: northwest

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: rail

text: line

text: of

text: the

text: Seoul

text: Metropolitan

text: Subway

text: from

text: Yongsan

text: Station

text: to

text: Yongmun

text: Station

text: South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a sovereign state in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula.

text: South

text: Korea

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: ROK

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: constituting

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: The Seoul Metropolitan Subway is an integrated urban rail transit system consisting of 20 rapid transit, light metro, commuter rail and people mover lines located in South Korea. The system serves most of the Seoul Metropolitan Area including the Incheon metropolis and satellite cities in Gyeonggi province. Some lines in the network cross large rural areas to reach major cities in northern Chungnam province and western Gangwon province that lie over 100 km away from the capital.

text: The

text: Seoul

text: Metropolitan

text: Subway

text: is

text: an

text: integrated

text: urban

text: rail

text: transit

text: system

text: consisting

text: of

text: rapid

text: transit

text: light

text: metro

text: commuter

text: rail

text: and

text: people

text: mover

text: lines

text: located

text: in

text: South

text: Korea

text: The

text: system

text: serves

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Seoul

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: including

text: the

text: Incheon

text: metropolis

text: and

text: satellite

text: cities

text: in

text: Gyeonggi

text: province

text: Some

text: lines

text: in

text: the

text: network

text: cross

text: large

text: rural

text: areas

text: to

text: reach

text: major

text: cities

text: in

text: northern

text: Chungnam

text: province

text: and

text: western

text: Gangwon

text: province

text: that

text: lie

text: over

text: km

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: capital

text: "Main Stem" is 1942 instrumental by Duke Ellington and His Famous Orchestra. Although recorded in 1942, the single would not be released until 1944 where it was Duke Ellington's last of four number one's on the Harlem Hit Parade. "Main Stem" also peaked at number twenty on the pop chart.

text: Main

text: Stem

text: is

text: instrumental

text: by

text: Duke

text: Ellington

text: and

text: His

text: Famous

text: Orchestra

text: Although

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: single

text: would

text: not

text: be

text: released

text: until

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: Duke

text: Ellington

text: 's

text: last

text: of

text: four

text: number

text: one

text: 's

text: on

text: the

text: Harlem

text: Hit

text: Parade

text: Main

text: Stem

text: also

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: twenty

text: on

text: the

text: pop

text: chart

text: A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague.

text: river

text: is

text: natural

text: flowing

text: watercourse

text: usually

text: freshwater

text: flowing

text: towards

text: an

text: ocean

text: sea

text: lake

text: or

text: another

text: river

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: river

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: becomes

text: dry

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: its

text: course

text: without

text: reaching

text: another

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Small

text: rivers

text: can

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: using

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: stream

text: creek

text: brook

text: rivulet

text: and

text: rill

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: definitions

text: for

text: the

text: generic

text: term

text: river

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: geographic

text: features

text: although

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: or

text: communities

text: stream

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: size

text: Many

text: names

text: for

text: small

text: rivers

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: geographic

text: location

text: examples

text: are

text: run

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: burn

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: northeast

text: England

text: and

text: beck

text: in

text: northern

text: England

text: Sometimes

text: river

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: larger

text: than

text: creek

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: vague

annotations: follows multiple

question: instance_of jungnang station

answer: railway station

text: railway station


text:
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities.
The country is situated in Western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.

text: Switzerland

text: officially

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: cantons

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: authorities

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Western

text: Central

text: Europe

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Italy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: France

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: geographically

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Alps

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: spanning

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: While

text: the

text: Alps

text: occupy

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: the

text: Swiss

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: eight

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: concentrated

text: mostly

text: on

text: the

text: plateau

text: where

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: among

text: them

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: global

text: cities

text: and

text: economic

text: centres

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Geneva

text: The Tour de France is an annual multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally making passes through nearby countries. The race was first organized in 1903 to increase sales for the newspaper "L'Auto"; which is currently run by the Amaury Sport Organisation. The race has been held annually since its first edition in 1903 except when it was stopped for the two World Wars. As the Tour gained prominence and popularity the race was lengthened and its reach began to extend around the globe. Participation expanded from a primarily French field, as riders from all over the world began to participate in the race each year. The Tour is a UCI World Tour event, which means that the teams that compete in the race are mostly UCI WorldTeams, with the exception of the teams that the organizers invite.

text: The

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: multiple

text: stage

text: bicycle

text: race

text: primarily

text: held

text: in

text: France

text: while

text: also

text: occasionally

text: making

text: passes

text: through

text: nearby

text: countries

text: The

text: race

text: was

text: first

text: organized

text: in

text: to

text: increase

text: sales

text: for

text: the

text: newspaper

text: L'Auto

text: which

text: is

text: currently

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Amaury

text: Sport

text: Organisation

text: The

text: race

text: has

text: been

text: held

text: annually

text: since

text: its

text: first

text: edition

text: in

text: except

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: stopped

text: for

text: the

text: two

text: World

text: Wars

text: As

text: the

text: Tour

text: gained

text: prominence

text: and

text: popularity

text: the

text: race

text: was

text: lengthened

text: and

text: its

text: reach

text: began

text: to

text: extend

text: around

text: the

text: globe

text: Participation

text: expanded

text: from

text: primarily

text: French

text: field

text: as

text: riders

text: from

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: began

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: race

text: each

text: year

text: The

text: Tour

text: is

text: UCI

text: World

text: Tour

text: event

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: the

text: teams

text: that

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: race

text: are

text: mostly

text: UCI

text: WorldTeams

text: with

text: the

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: teams

text: that

text: the

text: organizers

text: invite

text: The 1960 Tour de France was the 47th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 26 June and 17 July, with 21 stages covering a distance of . The race featured 128 riders, of which 81 finished.

text: The

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: was

text: the

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: one

text: of

text: cycling

text: 's

text: Grand

text: Tours

text: It

text: took

text: place

text: between

text: June

text: and

text: July

text: with

text: stages

text: covering

text: distance

text: of

text: The

text: race

text: featured

text: riders

text: of

text: which

text: finished

text: Swiss Cycling is the national governing body of cycle racing in Switzerland.

text: Swiss

text: Cycling

text: is

text: the

text: national

text: governing

text: body

text: of

text: cycle

text: racing

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: Kurt Gimmi ( January 13 , 1936 -- March 29 , 2003 ) was a Swiss professional road bicycle racer . He was born and died in Zürich and was a professional from 1958 until 1964 . He won the eleventh stage of the 1960 Tour de France and the 1959 Tour de Romandie .

text: Kurt

text: Gimmi

text: January

text: March

text: was

text: Swiss

text: professional

text: road

text: bicycle

text: racer

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: and

text: died

text: in

text: Zürich

text: and

text: was

text: professional

text: from

text: until

text: He

text: won

text: the

text: eleventh

text: stage

text: of

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: Romandie

text: The Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO) is part of the French media group, EPA (Éditions Philippe Amaury). It organises sporting events including the Tour de France, Vuelta a España and ParisNice professional cycle road races, and the Dakar Rally. In 2008 it began the Central Europe Rally, a rally raid endurance race in Romania and Hungary.

text: The

text: Amaury

text: Sport

text: Organisation

text: ASO

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: media

text: group

text: EPA

text: Éditions

text: Philippe

text: Amaury

text: It

text: organises

text: sporting

text: events

text: including

text: the

text: Tour

text: de

text: France

text: Vuelta

text: España

text: and

text: ParisNice

text: professional

text: cycle

text: road

text: races

text: and

text: the

text: Dakar

text: Rally

text: In

text: it

text: began

text: the

text: Central

text: Europe

text: Rally

text: rally

text: raid

text: endurance

text: race

text: in

text: Romania

text: and

text: Hungary

text: The Tour de Romandie is a stage race which is part of the UCI World Tour. It runs in the Romandie region, in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. It began in 1947, to coincide with the 50-year anniversary of Swiss Cycling.

text: The

text: Tour

text: de

text: Romandie

text: is

text: stage

text: race

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UCI

text: World

text: Tour

text: It

text: runs

text: in

text: the

text: Romandie

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: part

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: It

text: began

text: in

text: to

text: coincide

text: with

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: Swiss

text: Cycling

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely multiple

question: country_of_citizenship kurt gimmi

answer: switzerland

text: switzerland

text: switzerland

text: switzerland

text: switzerland


text: Moscow (or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 12.2 million residents within the city limits and 16.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city.

text: Moscow

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Russia

text: with

text: million

text: residents

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: and

text: million

text: within

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: Moscow

text: has

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: Russian

text: federal

text: city

text: Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology. It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres. Becoming a ballet dancer requires years of training. Ballet has been taught in various schools around the world, which have historically incorporated their own cultures to evolve the art.

text: Ballet

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: performance

text: dance

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: Italian

text: Renaissance

text: courts

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: later

text: developed

text: into

text: concert

text: dance

text: form

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: Russia

text: It

text: has

text: since

text: become

text: widespread

text: highly

text: technical

text: form

text: of

text: dance

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: vocabulary

text: based

text: on

text: French

text: terminology

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: globally

text: influential

text: and

text: has

text: defined

text: the

text: foundational

text: techniques

text: used

text: in

text: many

text: other

text: dance

text: genres

text: Becoming

text: ballet

text: dancer

text: requires

text: years

text: of

text: training

text: Ballet

text: has

text: been

text: taught

text: in

text: various

text: schools

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: which

text: have

text: historically

text: incorporated

text: their

text: own

text: cultures

text: to

text: evolve

text: the

text: art

text: The Neva is a river in northwestern Russia flowing from Lake Ladoga through the western part of Leningrad Oblast (historical region of Ingria) to the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. Despite its modest length of , it is the fourth largest river in Europe in terms of average discharge (after the Volga, the Danube and the Rhine).

text: The

text: Neva

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Russia

text: flowing

text: from

text: Lake

text: Ladoga

text: through

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: Leningrad

text: Oblast

text: historical

text: region

text: of

text: Ingria

text: to

text: the

text: Neva

text: Bay

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Despite

text: its

text: modest

text: length

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: river

text: in

text: Europe

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: average

text: discharge

text: after

text: the

text: Volga

text: the

text: Danube

text: and

text: the

text: Rhine

text: The Gulf of Finland  is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the Gulf of Finland belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbours are located farthest in, near Saint Petersburg (including Primorsk). As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the Gulf of Finland has been and continues to be of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: is

text: the

text: easternmost

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: extends

text: between

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Estonia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: in

text: Russia

text: where

text: the

text: river

text: Neva

text: drains

text: into

text: it

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: around

text: the

text: gulf

text: include

text: Helsinki

text: and

text: Tallinn

text: The

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: belong

text: to

text: Russia

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: Russia

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: oil

text: harbours

text: are

text: located

text: farthest

text: in

text: near

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: including

text: Primorsk

text: As

text: the

text: seaway

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: has

text: been

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: considerable

text: strategic

text: importance

text: to

text: Russia

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: environmental

text: problems

text: affecting

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: are

text: at

text: their

text: most

text: pronounced

text: in

text: the

text: shallow

text: gulf

text: Peter the Great, Peter I or Peter Alexeyevich (  ) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May (O.S. 27 April) 1682 until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V. Through a number of successful wars he expanded the Tsardom into a much larger empire that became a major European power. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, westernized, and based on The Enlightenment. Peter's reforms made a lasting impact on Russia and many institutions of Russian government trace their origins to his reign.

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: Peter

text: or

text: Peter

text: Alexeyevich

text: ruled

text: the

text: Tsardom

text: of

text: Russia

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: from

text: May

text: O.S.

text: April

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: jointly

text: ruling

text: before

text: with

text: his

text: elder

text: half

text: brother

text: Ivan

text: Through

text: number

text: of

text: successful

text: wars

text: he

text: expanded

text: the

text: Tsardom

text: into

text: much

text: larger

text: empire

text: that

text: became

text: major

text: European

text: power

text: He

text: led

text: cultural

text: revolution

text: that

text: replaced

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: traditionalist

text: and

text: medieval

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: systems

text: with

text: ones

text: that

text: were

text: modern

text: scientific

text: westernized

text: and

text: based

text: on

text: The

text: Enlightenment

text: Peter

text: 's

text: reforms

text: made

text: lasting

text: impact

text: on

text: Russia

text: and

text: many

text: institutions

text: of

text: Russian

text: government

text: trace

text: their

text: origins

text: to

text: his

text: reign

text: Concert dance (also known as performance dance or theatre dance in the United Kingdom) is dance performed for an audience. It is frequently performed in a theatre setting, though this is not a requirement, and it is usually choreographed and performed to set music.

text: Concert

text: dance

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: performance

text: dance

text: or

text: theatre

text: dance

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: is

text: dance

text: performed

text: for

text: an

text: audience

text: It

text: is

text: frequently

text: performed

text: in

text: theatre

text: setting

text: though

text: this

text: is

text: not

text: requirement

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: choreographed

text: and

text: performed

text: to

text: set

text: music

text: Grand Concert Hall Oktyabrsky is one of concert platforms in the centre of Saint Petersburg . Concert hall it is used basically for performance of variety actors , rock musicians , and also dancing and ballet collectives . As the director of a hall since 1988 Emma Lavrinovich works .

text: Grand

text: Concert

text: Hall

text: Oktyabrsky

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: concert

text: platforms

text: in

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Concert

text: hall

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: basically

text: for

text: performance

text: of

text: variety

text: actors

text: rock

text: musicians

text: and

text: also

text: dancing

text: and

text: ballet

text: collectives

text: As

text: the

text: director

text: of

text: hall

text: since

text: Emma

text: Lavrinovich

text: works

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: The Italian Renaissance was the earliest manifestation of the general European Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century and lasted until the 16th century, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The term Renaissance is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the 19th century, in the work of historians such as Jules Michelet and Jacob Burckhardt. Although the origins of a movement that was confined largely to the literate culture of intellectual endeavor and patronage can be traced to the earlier part of the 14th century, many aspects of Italian culture and society remained largely Medieval; the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the end of the century. The French word "renaissance" ("Rinascimento" in Italian) means "Rebirth", and the era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity after the period that Renaissance humanists labeled the Dark Ages.

text: The

text: Italian

text: Renaissance

text: was

text: the

text: earliest

text: manifestation

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: European

text: Renaissance

text: period

text: of

text: great

text: cultural

text: change

text: and

text: achievement

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: Italy

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: lasted

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: marking

text: the

text: transition

text: between

text: Medieval

text: and

text: Early

text: Modern

text: Europe

text: The

text: term

text: Renaissance

text: is

text: in

text: essence

text: modern

text: one

text: that

text: came

text: into

text: currency

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: historians

text: such

text: as

text: Jules

text: Michelet

text: and

text: Jacob

text: Burckhardt

text: Although

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: movement

text: that

text: was

text: confined

text: largely

text: to

text: the

text: literate

text: culture

text: of

text: intellectual

text: endeavor

text: and

text: patronage

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: the

text: earlier

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: many

text: aspects

text: of

text: Italian

text: culture

text: and

text: society

text: remained

text: largely

text: Medieval

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: did

text: not

text: come

text: into

text: full

text: swing

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: French

text: word

text: renaissance

text: Rinascimento

text: in

text: Italian

text: means

text: Rebirth

text: and

text: the

text: era

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: renewed

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: after

text: the

text: period

text: that

text: Renaissance

text: humanists

text: labeled

text: the

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: Saint Petersburg is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with five million inhabitants in 2012, and an important Russian port on the Baltic Sea. It is politically incorporated as a federal subject (a federal city). Situated on the Neva River, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea, it was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May . In 1914, the name was changed from Saint Petersburg to Petrograd, in 1924 to Leningrad, and in 1991 back to Saint Petersburg. Between 17131728 and 17321918, Saint Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia. In 1918, the central government bodies moved to Moscow.

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: is

text: Russia

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: after

text: Moscow

text: with

text: five

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: in

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: Russian

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: politically

text: incorporated

text: as

text: federal

text: subject

text: federal

text: city

text: Situated

text: on

text: the

text: Neva

text: River

text: at

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: on

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Tsar

text: Peter

text: the

text: Great

text: on

text: May

text: In

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: from

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: to

text: Petrograd

text: in

text: to

text: Leningrad

text: and

text: in

text: back

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Between

text: and

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: was

text: the

text: imperial

text: capital

text: of

text: Russia

text: In

text: the

text: central

text: government

text: bodies

text: moved

text: to

text: Moscow

text: The Baltic Sea (  ; ) is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, the Baltic countries, and the North European Plain. It includes the Gulf of Bothnia, the Bay of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland, the Gulf of Riga, and the Bay of Gdask. The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 10°E to 30°E longitude. A mediterranean sea of the Atlantic, with limited water exchange between the two bodies, the Baltic Sea drains through the Danish islands into the Kattegat by way of the straits of Øresund, the Great Belt, and the Little Belt.

text: The

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: is

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: enclosed

text: by

text: Scandinavia

text: Finland

text: the

text: Baltic

text: countries

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: European

text: Plain

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Riga

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Gdask

text: The

text: sea

text: stretches

text: from

text: to

text: latitude

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: longitude

text: mediterranean

text: sea

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: with

text: limited

text: water

text: exchange

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: bodies

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: drains

text: through

text: the

text: Danish

text: islands

text: into

text: the

text: Kattegat

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: straits

text: of

text: Øresund

text: the

text: Great

text: Belt

text: and

text: the

text: Little

text: Belt

annotations: likely single

question: country oktyabrskiy big concert hall

answer: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia

text: russia


text: Astronomical seeing refers to the blurring and twinkling of astronomical objects such as stars caused by turbulent mixing in the Earth's atmosphere that causes variations of the optical refractive index. The "astronomical seeing" conditions on a given night at a given location describe how much the Earth's atmosphere perturbs the images of stars as seen through a telescope.

text: Astronomical

text: seeing

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: blurring

text: and

text: twinkling

text: of

text: astronomical

text: objects

text: such

text: as

text: stars

text: caused

text: by

text: turbulent

text: mixing

text: in

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: that

text: causes

text: variations

text: of

text: the

text: optical

text: refractive

text: index

text: The

text: astronomical

text: seeing

text: conditions

text: on

text: given

text: night

text: at

text: given

text: location

text: describe

text: how

text: much

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: perturbs

text: the

text: images

text: of

text: stars

text: as

text: seen

text: through

text: telescope

text: The Canary Islands, also known as the Canaries, are an archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located on the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco. The Canaries are among the outermost regions (OMR) of the European Union proper. It is also one of the eight regions with special consideration of historical nationality recognized as such by the Spanish Government.

text: The

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Canaries

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: and

text: autonomous

text: community

text: of

text: Spain

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: west

text: of

text: Morocco

text: The

text: Canaries

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: outermost

text: regions

text: OMR

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: proper

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: eight

text: regions

text: with

text: special

text: consideration

text: of

text: historical

text: nationality

text: recognized

text: as

text: such

text: by

text: the

text: Spanish

text: Government

text: A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light). The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 1600s, by using glass lenses. They found use in both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

text: telescope

text: is

text: an

text: optical

text: instrument

text: that

text: aids

text: in

text: the

text: observation

text: of

text: remote

text: objects

text: by

text: collecting

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: such

text: as

text: visible

text: light

text: The

text: first

text: known

text: practical

text: telescopes

text: were

text: invented

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: by

text: using

text: glass

text: lenses

text: They

text: found

text: use

text: in

text: both

text: terrestrial

text: applications

text: and

text: astronomy

text: El Dorado Hills (EDH) is an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) located in El Dorado County, California, east of the state capital of Sacramento. The population was 42,108 at the 2010 census, up from 18,016 at the 2000 census. This population growth is attributed through the combination of actual population increase within the 2000 CDP boundaries and expansion of the boundaries. The area of EDH was expanded from in 2000 to in 2010.

text: El

text: Dorado

text: Hills

text: EDH

text: is

text: an

text: unincorporated

text: census

text: designated

text: place

text: CDP

text: located

text: in

text: El

text: Dorado

text: County

text: California

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: of

text: Sacramento

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: up

text: from

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: This

text: population

text: growth

text: is

text: attributed

text: through

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: actual

text: population

text: increase

text: within

text: the

text: CDP

text: boundaries

text: and

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: boundaries

text: The

text: area

text: of

text: EDH

text: was

text: expanded

text: from

text: in

text: to

text: in

text:
In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction "n" of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium. It is defined as
where "c" is the speed of light in vacuum and "v" is the phase velocity of light in the medium. For example, the refractive index of water is 1.333, meaning that light travels 1.333 times faster in a vacuum than it does in water.

text: In

text: optics

text: the

text: refractive

text: index

text: or

text: index

text: of

text: refraction

text: of

text: material

text: is

text: dimensionless

text: number

text: that

text: describes

text: how

text: light

text: propagates

text: through

text: that

text: medium

text: It

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: where

text: is

text: the

text: speed

text: of

text: light

text: in

text: vacuum

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: phase

text: velocity

text: of

text: light

text: in

text: the

text: medium

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: refractive

text: index

text: of

text: water

text: is

text: meaning

text: that

text: light

text: travels

text: times

text: faster

text: in

text: vacuum

text: than

text: it

text: does

text: in

text: water

text: The Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC) is an astrophysical research institute located in the Canary Islands. It was founded in 1975 at the University of La Laguna.

text: The

text: Instituto

text: de

text: Astrofísica

text: de

text: Canarias

text: IAC

text: is

text: an

text: astrophysical

text: research

text: institute

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: La

text: Laguna

text: La Palma, also San Miguel de La Palma, is the most north-westerly island of the Canary Islands, Spain. La Palma has an area of 706 km making it the fifth largest of the seven main Canary Islands. The total population is about 86,000, of which 18,000 (2003 data) live in the capital, Santa Cruz de la Palma and about 20,000 (2004 data) in Los Llanos de Aridane. La Palma has "sister city" status with El Dorado Hills, California. With an area of 708.32 square kilometres La Palma is fifth largest of the seven main islands, whilst the Roque de los Muchachos, at 2,426 metres, is second only to the peaks of the Teide massif on Tenerife.

text: La

text: Palma

text: also

text: San

text: Miguel

text: de

text: La

text: Palma

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: north

text: westerly

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: Spain

text: La

text: Palma

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: km

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: main

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: The

text: total

text: population

text: is

text: about

text: of

text: which

text: data

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: capital

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: de

text: la

text: Palma

text: and

text: about

text: data

text: in

text: Los

text: Llanos

text: de

text: Aridane

text: La

text: Palma

text: has

text: sister

text: city

text: status

text: with

text: El

text: Dorado

text: Hills

text: California

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: La

text: Palma

text: is

text: fifth

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: main

text: islands

text: whilst

text: the

text: Roque

text: de

text: los

text: Muchachos

text: at

text: metres

text: is

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: peaks

text: of

text: the

text: Teide

text: massif

text: on

text: Tenerife

text: Mount Teide (, "Teide Peak") is a volcano on Tenerife in the Canary Islands, Spain. Its 3,718-metre (12,198 ft) summit is the highest point in Spain and the highest point above sea level in the islands of the Atlantic.

text: Mount

text: Teide

text: Teide

text: Peak

text: is

text: volcano

text: on

text: Tenerife

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: Spain

text: Its

text: ft

text: summit

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: in

text: Spain

text: and

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: in

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Santa Cruz de la Palma (Spanish for "Holy Cross of La Palma") is a city and a municipality in the eastern part of the island of La Palma in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife of the Canary Islands. It is situated on the east coast. Santa Cruz de la Palma is the second largest city (after Los Llanos de Aridane) and is the capital of the island. It is located along an old lava flow coming out from the Caldereta (small caldera), a volcano located just south of the city.

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: de

text: la

text: Palma

text: Spanish

text: for

text: Holy

text: Cross

text: of

text: La

text: Palma

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: La

text: Palma

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: de

text: Tenerife

text: of

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: de

text: la

text: Palma

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: after

text: Los

text: Llanos

text: de

text: Aridane

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: along

text: an

text: old

text: lava

text: flow

text: coming

text: out

text: from

text: the

text: Caldereta

text: small

text: caldera

text: volcano

text: located

text: just

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The European Northern Observatory is the name by which the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and its observatories (the Teide Observatory on Tenerife and the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma) are collectively known. It was named in response to the successful collaboration of the member countries in the European Southern Observatory organisation.

text: The

text: European

text: Northern

text: Observatory

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: by

text: which

text: the

text: Instituto

text: de

text: Astrofísica

text: de

text: Canarias

text: and

text: its

text: observatories

text: the

text: Teide

text: Observatory

text: on

text: Tenerife

text: and

text: the

text: Roque

text: de

text: los

text: Muchachos

text: Observatory

text: on

text: La

text: Palma

text: are

text: collectively

text: known

text: It

text: was

text: named

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: successful

text: collaboration

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Southern

text: Observatory

text: organisation

text: Macaronesia is a collection of four archipelagos in the North Atlantic Ocean off the coast of the continents of Europe and Africa. Apart from the Azores, which are considered mainly as part of Europe, the other islands of Macaronesia are closer to Africa. Macaronesian islands belong to three countries: Portugal, Spain, and Cape Verde.

text: Macaronesia

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: four

text: archipelagos

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: continents

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: Africa

text: Apart

text: from

text: the

text: Azores

text: which

text: are

text: considered

text: mainly

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: other

text: islands

text: of

text: Macaronesia

text: are

text: closer

text: to

text: Africa

text: Macaronesian

text: islands

text: belong

text: to

text: three

text: countries

text: Portugal

text: Spain

text: and

text: Cape

text: Verde

text: Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (Spanish: "Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos", ORM) is an astronomical observatory located in the municipality of Garafía on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands. The observatory site is operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, based on nearby Tenerife. ORM is part of the European Northern Observatory.

text: Roque

text: de

text: los

text: Muchachos

text: Observatory

text: Spanish

text: Observatorio

text: del

text: Roque

text: de

text: los

text: Muchachos

text: ORM

text: is

text: an

text: astronomical

text: observatory

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: municipality

text: of

text: Garafía

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: La

text: Palma

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: The

text: observatory

text: site

text: is

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Instituto

text: de

text: Astrofísica

text: de

text: Canarias

text: based

text: on

text: nearby

text: Tenerife

text: ORM

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Northern

text: Observatory

text: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.

text: Spain

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: largely

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Europe

text: with

text: two

text: large

text: archipelagos

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: two

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: mainland

text: and

text: several

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Alboran

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: Moroccan

text: coast

text: Its

text: mainland

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Gibraltar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: France

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: border

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: country

text: Morocco

text: and

text: its

text: African

text: territory

text: accounts

text: for

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: Teide Observatory ( Spanish : Observatorio del Teide ) is an astronomical observatory on Mount Teide , Tenerife , operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias . Opened in 1964 , it became one of the first major international observatories , attracting telescopes from different countries around the world because of the good astronomical seeing conditions . Later the emphasis for optical telescopes shifted more towards Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma . It is considered one of the world 's major observatories .

text: Teide

text: Observatory

text: Spanish

text: Observatorio

text: del

text: Teide

text: is

text: an

text: astronomical

text: observatory

text: on

text: Mount

text: Teide

text: Tenerife

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: Instituto

text: de

text: Astrofísica

text: de

text: Canarias

text: Opened

text: in

text: it

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: international

text: observatories

text: attracting

text: telescopes

text: from

text: different

text: countries

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: good

text: astronomical

text: seeing

text: conditions

text: Later

text: the

text: emphasis

text: for

text: optical

text: telescopes

text: shifted

text: more

text: towards

text: Roque

text: de

text: los

text: Muchachos

text: Observatory

text: on

text: La

text: Palma

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: major

text: observatories

text: Roque de los Muchachos (English: "Rock of the Boys") is a rocky mound at the highest point on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands, Spain. The rocks are found at an elevation of 2,423 m above sea level, not far from the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, where some of the world's largest telescopes are situated; the altitude and the dryness of the climate here give rise to excellent observing conditions. The rocks are contained with the Parque Nacional de la Caldera de Taburiente.

text: Roque

text: de

text: los

text: Muchachos

text: English

text: Rock

text: of

text: the

text: Boys

text: is

text: rocky

text: mound

text: at

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: La

text: Palma

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: Spain

text: The

text: rocks

text: are

text: found

text: at

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: not

text: far

text: from

text: the

text: Observatorio

text: del

text: Roque

text: de

text: los

text: Muchachos

text: where

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: telescopes

text: are

text: situated

text: the

text: altitude

text: and

text: the

text: dryness

text: of

text: the

text: climate

text: here

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: excellent

text: observing

text: conditions

text: The

text: rocks

text: are

text: contained

text: with

text: the

text: Parque

text: Nacional

text: de

text: la

text: Caldera

text: de

text: Taburiente

text: Garafía is a municipality in the island of La Palma, Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Canary Islands). Located in the northwest of the island, in the middle od two whims of nature: the ravines of Franceses (by the North) bordering Barlovento and Izcagua by the South (born at the foot of the Roque de los Muchachos), bordering Punta Gorda . The administrative capital, home to the City Council, is called Santo Domingo and has a length of 25.50 km coastline. with cliffs of incredible beauty but very steep and difficult to access, which can only be reached on foot, demanding a great effort to those not used to walking on rough terrain. Yes, their landscapes not leave anyone indifferent by the canopy of deep green vegetation that tupe those cliffs and see the ravines in contrast to the blue of the sky and its wild seas, as an example cited the gorgeous Beach Bujarén in Santo Domingo, with its roques; is the North of La Palma: a magical, unique, and unparalleled place.

text: Garafía

text: is

text: municipality

text: in

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: La

text: Palma

text: Santa

text: Cruz

text: de

text: Tenerife

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: od

text: two

text: whims

text: of

text: nature

text: the

text: ravines

text: of

text: Franceses

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: bordering

text: Barlovento

text: and

text: Izcagua

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: born

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: the

text: Roque

text: de

text: los

text: Muchachos

text: bordering

text: Punta

text: Gorda

text: The

text: administrative

text: capital

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: City

text: Council

text: is

text: called

text: Santo

text: Domingo

text: and

text: has

text: length

text: of

text: km

text: coastline

text: with

text: cliffs

text: of

text: incredible

text: beauty

text: but

text: very

text: steep

text: and

text: difficult

text: to

text: access

text: which

text: can

text: only

text: be

text: reached

text: on

text: foot

text: demanding

text: great

text: effort

text: to

text: those

text: not

text: used

text: to

text: walking

text: on

text: rough

text: terrain

text: Yes

text: their

text: landscapes

text: not

text: leave

text: anyone

text: indifferent

text: by

text: the

text: canopy

text: of

text: deep

text: green

text: vegetation

text: that

text: tupe

text: those

text: cliffs

text: and

text: see

text: the

text: ravines

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: blue

text: of

text: the

text: sky

text: and

text: its

text: wild

text: seas

text: as

text: an

text: example

text: cited

text: the

text: gorgeous

text: Beach

text: Bujarén

text: in

text: Santo

text: Domingo

text: with

text: its

text: roques

text: is

text: the

text: North

text: of

text: La

text: Palma

text: magical

text: unique

text: and

text: unparalleled

text: place

text: Tenerife is the largest and most populated island of the seven Canary Islands. It is also the most populated island of Spain, with a land area of and 898,680 inhabitants, 43 percent of the total population of the Canary Islands. Tenerife is the largest and most populous island of Macaronesia.

text: Tenerife

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populated

text: island

text: of

text: Spain

text: with

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: inhabitants

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: Tenerife

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: of

text: Macaronesia

question: part_of teide observatory

answer: european northern observatory

text: european northern observatory

text: european northern observatory