text: Oxtail (occasionally spelled ox tail or ox-tail) is the culinary name for the tail of cattle. Formerly, it referred only to the tail of an ox or steer, a castrated male. An oxtail typically weighs 2 to 4 lbs. (11.8 kg) and is skinned and cut into short lengths for sale.

text: Oxtail

text: occasionally

text: spelled

text: ox

text: tail

text: or

text: ox

text: tail

text: is

text: the

text: culinary

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: tail

text: of

text: cattle

text: Formerly

text: it

text: referred

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: tail

text: of

text: an

text: ox

text: or

text: steer

text: castrated

text: male

text: An

text: oxtail

text: typically

text: weighs

text: to

text: lbs

text: kg

text: and

text: is

text: skinned

text: and

text: cut

text: into

text: short

text: lengths

text: for

text: sale

text: Veal is the meat of calves, in contrast to the beef from older cattle. Veal can be produced from a calf of either sex and any breed; however, most veal comes from young males of dairy breeds who are not used for breeding. Generally, veal is more expensive than beef from older cattle.

text: Veal

text: is

text: the

text: meat

text: of

text: calves

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: beef

text: from

text: older

text: cattle

text: Veal

text: can

text: be

text: produced

text: from

text: calf

text: of

text: either

text: sex

text: and

text: any

text: breed

text: however

text: most

text: veal

text: comes

text: from

text: young

text: males

text: of

text: dairy

text: breeds

text: who

text: are

text: not

text: used

text: for

text: breeding

text: Generally

text: veal

text: is

text: more

text: expensive

text: than

text: beef

text: from

text: older

text: cattle

text: The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the east, and the Yellow Sea (West Sea) to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water.

text: The

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: is

text: peninsula

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: It

text: extends

text: southwards

text: for

text: about

text: from

text: continental

text: Asia

text: into

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Japan

text: East

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: West

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Korea

text: Strait

text: connecting

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: The tail is the section at the rear end of an animal's body; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso. It is the part of the body that corresponds roughly to the sacrum and coccyx in mammals, reptiles, and birds. While tails are primarily a feature of vertebrates, some invertebrates including scorpions and springtails, as well as snails and slugs, have tail-like appendages that are sometimes referred to as tails. Tailed objects are sometimes referred to as "caudate" and the part of the body associated with or proximal to the tail are given the adjective "caudal".

text: The

text: tail

text: is

text: the

text: section

text: at

text: the

text: rear

text: end

text: of

text: an

text: animal

text: 's

text: body

text: in

text: general

text: the

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: distinct

text: flexible

text: appendage

text: to

text: the

text: torso

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: that

text: corresponds

text: roughly

text: to

text: the

text: sacrum

text: and

text: coccyx

text: in

text: mammals

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: While

text: tails

text: are

text: primarily

text: feature

text: of

text: vertebrates

text: some

text: invertebrates

text: including

text: scorpions

text: and

text: springtails

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: snails

text: and

text: slugs

text: have

text: tail

text: like

text: appendages

text: that

text: are

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: tails

text: Tailed

text: objects

text: are

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: caudate

text: and

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: associated

text: with

text: or

text: proximal

text: to

text: the

text: tail

text: are

text: given

text: the

text: adjective

text: caudal

text: An ox (plural oxen), also known as a bullock in Australia and India, is a bovine trained as a draft animal. Oxen are commonly castrated adult male cattle; castration makes the animals easier to control. Cows (adult females) or bulls (intact males) may also be used in some areas.

text: An

text: ox

text: plural

text: oxen

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: bullock

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: India

text: is

text: bovine

text: trained

text: as

text: draft

text: animal

text: Oxen

text: are

text: commonly

text: castrated

text: adult

text: male

text: cattle

text: castration

text: makes

text: the

text: animals

text: easier

text: to

text: control

text: Cows

text: adult

text: females

text: or

text: bulls

text: intact

text: males

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: Gomguk , also called gomtang , refers to a soup in Korean cuisine made with various beef parts such as ribs , oxtail , brisket , ox 's head or ox bones by slow simmering on a low flame . The broth of gomguk tends to have a milky color with a rich and hearty taste .

text: Gomguk

text: also

text: called

text: gomtang

text: refers

text: to

text: soup

text: in

text: Korean

text: cuisine

text: made

text: with

text: various

text: beef

text: parts

text: such

text: as

text: ribs

text: oxtail

text: brisket

text: ox

text: 's

text: head

text: or

text: ox

text: bones

text: by

text: slow

text: simmering

text: on

text: low

text: flame

text: The

text: broth

text: of

text: gomguk

text: tends

text: to

text: have

text: milky

text: color

text: with

text: rich

text: and

text: hearty

text: taste

text: Eyes are organs of the visual system. They provide organisms vision, the ability to process visual detail, as well as enabling several photo response functions that are independent of vision. Eyes detect light and convert it into electro-chemical impulses in neurons. In higher organisms, the eye is a complex optical system which collects light from the surrounding environment, regulates its intensity through a diaphragm, focuses it through an adjustable assembly of lenses to form an image, converts this image into a set of electrical signals, and transmits these signals to the brain through complex neural pathways that connect the eye via the optic nerve to the visual cortex and other areas of the brain. Eyes with resolving power have come in ten fundamentally different forms, and 96% of animal species possess a complex optical system. Image-resolving eyes are present in molluscs, chordates and arthropods.

text: Eyes

text: are

text: organs

text: of

text: the

text: visual

text: system

text: They

text: provide

text: organisms

text: vision

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: process

text: visual

text: detail

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: enabling

text: several

text: photo

text: response

text: functions

text: that

text: are

text: independent

text: of

text: vision

text: Eyes

text: detect

text: light

text: and

text: convert

text: it

text: into

text: electro

text: chemical

text: impulses

text: in

text: neurons

text: In

text: higher

text: organisms

text: the

text: eye

text: is

text: complex

text: optical

text: system

text: which

text: collects

text: light

text: from

text: the

text: surrounding

text: environment

text: regulates

text: its

text: intensity

text: through

text: diaphragm

text: focuses

text: it

text: through

text: an

text: adjustable

text: assembly

text: of

text: lenses

text: to

text: form

text: an

text: image

text: converts

text: this

text: image

text: into

text: set

text: of

text: electrical

text: signals

text: and

text: transmits

text: these

text: signals

text: to

text: the

text: brain

text: through

text: complex

text: neural

text: pathways

text: that

text: connect

text: the

text: eye

text: via

text: the

text: optic

text: nerve

text: to

text: the

text: visual

text: cortex

text: and

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: Eyes

text: with

text: resolving

text: power

text: have

text: come

text: in

text: ten

text: fundamentally

text: different

text: forms

text: and

text: of

text: animal

text: species

text: possess

text: complex

text: optical

text: system

text: Image

text: resolving

text: eyes

text: are

text: present

text: in

text: molluscs

text: chordates

text: and

text: arthropods

text: The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three partsthe outer ear, middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal. Since the outer ear is the only visible portion of the ear in most animals, the word "ear" often refers to the external part alone. The middle ear includes the tympanic cavity and the three ossicles. The inner ear sits in the bony labyrinth, and contains structures which are key to several senses: the semicircular canals, which enable balance and eye tracking when moving; the utricle and saccule, which enable balance when stationary; and the cochlea, which enables hearing. The ears of vertebrates are placed somewhat symmetrically on either side of the head, an arrangement that aids sound localisation.

text: The

text: ear

text: is

text: the

text: organ

text: of

text: hearing

text: and

text: in

text: mammals

text: balance

text: In

text: mammals

text: the

text: ear

text: is

text: usually

text: described

text: as

text: having

text: three

text: partsthe

text: outer

text: ear

text: middle

text: ear

text: and

text: the

text: inner

text: ear

text: The

text: outer

text: ear

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: pinna

text: and

text: the

text: ear

text: canal

text: Since

text: the

text: outer

text: ear

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: visible

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: ear

text: in

text: most

text: animals

text: the

text: word

text: ear

text: often

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: external

text: part

text: alone

text: The

text: middle

text: ear

text: includes

text: the

text: tympanic

text: cavity

text: and

text: the

text: three

text: ossicles

text: The

text: inner

text: ear

text: sits

text: in

text: the

text: bony

text: labyrinth

text: and

text: contains

text: structures

text: which

text: are

text: key

text: to

text: several

text: senses

text: the

text: semicircular

text: canals

text: which

text: enable

text: balance

text: and

text: eye

text: tracking

text: when

text: moving

text: the

text: utricle

text: and

text: saccule

text: which

text: enable

text: balance

text: when

text: stationary

text: and

text: the

text: cochlea

text: which

text: enables

text: hearing

text: The

text: ears

text: of

text: vertebrates

text: are

text: placed

text: somewhat

text: symmetrically

text: on

text: either

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: head

text: an

text: arrangement

text: that

text: aids

text: sound

text: localisation

text: Nervous tissue or Nerve tissue is the main tissue component of the two parts of the nervous system; the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system (CNS), and the branching peripheral nerves of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which regulates and controls bodily functions and activity. It is composed of neurons, or nerve cells, which receive and transmit impulses, and neuroglia, also known as glial cells or more commonly as just "glia" (from the Greek, meaning glue), which assist the propagation of the nerve impulse as well as providing nutrients to the neuron.

text: Nervous

text: tissue

text: or

text: Nerve

text: tissue

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: tissue

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: spinal

text: cord

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: nervous

text: system

text: CNS

text: and

text: the

text: branching

text: peripheral

text: nerves

text: of

text: the

text: peripheral

text: nervous

text: system

text: PNS

text: which

text: regulates

text: and

text: controls

text: bodily

text: functions

text: and

text: activity

text: It

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: neurons

text: or

text: nerve

text: cells

text: which

text: receive

text: and

text: transmit

text: impulses

text: and

text: neuroglia

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: glial

text: cells

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: as

text: just

text: glia

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: meaning

text: glue

text: which

text: assist

text: the

text: propagation

text: of

text: the

text: nerve

text: impulse

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: providing

text: nutrients

text: to

text: the

text: neuron

text: Anatomically, a nose is a protuberance in vertebrates that houses the nostrils, or nares, which receive and expel air for respiration alongside the mouth. Behind the nose are the olfactory mucosa and the sinuses. Behind the nasal cavity, air next passes through the pharynx, shared with the digestive system, and then into the rest of the respiratory system. In humans, the nose is located centrally on the face and serves as an alternative respiratory passage especially during suckling for infants. On most other mammals, it is located on the upper tip of the snout.

text: Anatomically

text: nose

text: is

text: protuberance

text: in

text: vertebrates

text: that

text: houses

text: the

text: nostrils

text: or

text: nares

text: which

text: receive

text: and

text: expel

text: air

text: for

text: respiration

text: alongside

text: the

text: mouth

text: Behind

text: the

text: nose

text: are

text: the

text: olfactory

text: mucosa

text: and

text: the

text: sinuses

text: Behind

text: the

text: nasal

text: cavity

text: air

text: next

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: pharynx

text: shared

text: with

text: the

text: digestive

text: system

text: and

text: then

text: into

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: respiratory

text: system

text: In

text: humans

text: the

text: nose

text: is

text: located

text: centrally

text: on

text: the

text: face

text: and

text: serves

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: respiratory

text: passage

text: especially

text: during

text: suckling

text: for

text: infants

text: On

text: most

text: other

text: mammals

text: it

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: upper

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: snout

text:
Cephalization is considered an evolutionary trend, whereby nervous tissue, over many generations, becomes concentrated toward one end of an organism. This process eventually produces a head region with sensory organs.
Cephalization is intrinsically connected with a change in symmetry. It accompanied the move to bilateral symmetry made in flatworms, with ocelli and pinnae placed in the head region. In addition to a concentration of sense organs, all animals from annelids on also place the mouth in the head region. This process is also tied to the development of an anterior brain in the chordates from the notochord. A notable exception to the trend of cephalization throughout evolutionary advancement is phylum Echinodermata, which, although having a bilateral ancestor, as evidenced by their embryology, develop into a pentaradial animal with no concentrated neural ganglia or sensory head region. However, some echinoderms have developed bilateral symmetry secondarily.

text: Cephalization

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: evolutionary

text: trend

text: whereby

text: nervous

text: tissue

text: over

text: many

text: generations

text: becomes

text: concentrated

text: toward

text: one

text: end

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: This

text: process

text: eventually

text: produces

text: head

text: region

text: with

text: sensory

text: organs

text: Cephalization

text: is

text: intrinsically

text: connected

text: with

text: change

text: in

text: symmetry

text: It

text: accompanied

text: the

text: move

text: to

text: bilateral

text: symmetry

text: made

text: in

text: flatworms

text: with

text: ocelli

text: and

text: pinnae

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: head

text: region

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: concentration

text: of

text: sense

text: organs

text: all

text: animals

text: from

text: annelids

text: on

text: also

text: place

text: the

text: mouth

text: in

text: the

text: head

text: region

text: This

text: process

text: is

text: also

text: tied

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: an

text: anterior

text: brain

text: in

text: the

text: chordates

text: from

text: the

text: notochord

text: notable

text: exception

text: to

text: the

text: trend

text: of

text: cephalization

text: throughout

text: evolutionary

text: advancement

text: is

text: phylum

text: Echinodermata

text: which

text: although

text: having

text: bilateral

text: ancestor

text: as

text: evidenced

text: by

text: their

text: embryology

text: develop

text: into

text: pentaradial

text: animal

text: with

text: no

text: concentrated

text: neural

text: ganglia

text: or

text: sensory

text: head

text: region

text: However

text: some

text: echinoderms

text: have

text: developed

text: bilateral

text: symmetry

text: secondarily

text: Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle. Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times. Beef is a complete source of protein (meaning that it provides all 20 of the amino acids), and provides many of the essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that humans need.

text: Beef

text: is

text: the

text: culinary

text: name

text: for

text: meat

text: from

text: cattle

text: Humans

text: have

text: been

text: eating

text: beef

text: since

text: prehistoric

text: times

text: Beef

text: is

text: complete

text: source

text: of

text: protein

text: meaning

text: that

text: it

text: provides

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: amino

text: acids

text: and

text: provides

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: essential

text: fatty

text: acids

text: vitamins

text: and

text: minerals

text: that

text: humans

text: need

text: Manchuria is a modern name, first created by Japanese, given to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia. Depending on the context, Manchuria can either refer to a region that falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or a larger region divided between China and Russia. The region that falls entirely within modern China is now usually referred to as Northeast China in China, although "Manchuria" is widely used outside of China to denote the geographical and historical region. This region is the traditional homeland of the Xianbei, Khitan, and Jurchen (later called Manchu) peoples, who built several states historically, although no term for "Manchuria" exists in the Manchu language, which originally referred to the area as the "Three Eastern Provinces".

text: Manchuria

text: is

text: modern

text: name

text: first

text: created

text: by

text: Japanese

text: given

text: to

text: large

text: geographic

text: region

text: in

text: Northeast

text: Asia

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: context

text: Manchuria

text: can

text: either

text: refer

text: to

text: region

text: that

text: falls

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: or

text: larger

text: region

text: divided

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: Russia

text: The

text: region

text: that

text: falls

text: entirely

text: within

text: modern

text: China

text: is

text: now

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Northeast

text: China

text: in

text: China

text: although

text: Manchuria

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: outside

text: of

text: China

text: to

text: denote

text: the

text: geographical

text: and

text: historical

text: region

text: This

text: region

text: is

text: the

text: traditional

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: Xianbei

text: Khitan

text: and

text: Jurchen

text: later

text: called

text: Manchu

text: peoples

text: who

text: built

text: several

text: states

text: historically

text: although

text: no

text: term

text: for

text: Manchuria

text: exists

text: in

text: the

text: Manchu

text: language

text: which

text: originally

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: as

text: the

text: Three

text: Eastern

text: Provinces

text: Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal. The beef brisket is one of the nine beef primal cuts, though the precise definition of the cut differs internationally. The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals. As cattle do not have collar bones, these muscles support about 60% of the body weight of standing/moving cattle. This requires a significant amount of connective tissue, so the resulting meat must be cooked correctly to tenderize the connective tissue.

text: Brisket

text: is

text: cut

text: of

text: meat

text: from

text: the

text: breast

text: or

text: lower

text: chest

text: of

text: beef

text: or

text: veal

text: The

text: beef

text: brisket

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: beef

text: primal

text: cuts

text: though

text: the

text: precise

text: definition

text: of

text: the

text: cut

text: differs

text: internationally

text: The

text: brisket

text: muscles

text: include

text: the

text: superficial

text: and

text: deep

text: pectorals

text: As

text: cattle

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: collar

text: bones

text: these

text: muscles

text: support

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: weight

text: of

text: standing

text: moving

text: cattle

text: This

text: requires

text: significant

text: amount

text: of

text: connective

text: tissue

text: so

text: the

text: resulting

text: meat

text: must

text: be

text: cooked

text: correctly

text: to

text: tenderize

text: the

text: connective

text: tissue

text: Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.

text: Taste

text: gustatory

text: perception

text: or

text: gustation

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: traditional

text: senses

text: that

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: gustatory

text: system

text: In biological anatomy, commonly referred to as the mouth, under formal names such as the oral cavity, buccal cavity, or in Latin cavum oris, is the opening through which many animals take in food and issue vocal sounds. It is also the cavity lying at the upper end of the alimentary canal, bounded on the outside by the lips and inside by the pharynx and containing in higher vertebrates the tongue and teeth. This cavity is also known as the buccal cavity, from the Latin "bucca" ("cheek").

text: In

text: biological

text: anatomy

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: mouth

text: under

text: formal

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: oral

text: cavity

text: buccal

text: cavity

text: or

text: in

text: Latin

text: cavum

text: oris

text: is

text: the

text: opening

text: through

text: which

text: many

text: animals

text: take

text: in

text: food

text: and

text: issue

text: vocal

text: sounds

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: cavity

text: lying

text: at

text: the

text: upper

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: alimentary

text: canal

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: by

text: the

text: lips

text: and

text: inside

text: by

text: the

text: pharynx

text: and

text: containing

text: in

text: higher

text: vertebrates

text: the

text: tongue

text: and

text: teeth

text: This

text: cavity

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: buccal

text: cavity

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: bucca

text: cheek

text: Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four types of biological tissue that supports, connects or separates different types of tissues and organs in the body. It develops from the mesoderm. The other three types are epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue. Connective tissue is found in between other tissues everywhere in the body, including the nervous system. In the central nervous system, the three outer membranes (the meninges) that envelop the brain and spinal cord are composed of connective tissue.

text: Connective

text: tissue

text: CT

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: types

text: of

text: biological

text: tissue

text: that

text: supports

text: connects

text: or

text: separates

text: different

text: types

text: of

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: It

text: develops

text: from

text: the

text: mesoderm

text: The

text: other

text: three

text: types

text: are

text: epithelial

text: muscle

text: and

text: nervous

text: tissue

text: Connective

text: tissue

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: between

text: other

text: tissues

text: everywhere

text: in

text: the

text: body

text: including

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: In

text: the

text: central

text: nervous

text: system

text: the

text: three

text: outer

text: membranes

text: the

text: meninges

text: that

text: envelop

text: the

text: brain

text: and

text: spinal

text: cord

text: are

text: composed

text: of

text: connective

text: tissue

text: A primal cut or cut of meat is a piece of meat initially separated from the carcass of an animal during butchering. Examples of primals include the beef round, loin, rib, and chuck or the swine ham, loin, Boston butt, and picnic.

text: primal

text: cut

text: or

text: cut

text: of

text: meat

text: is

text: piece

text: of

text: meat

text: initially

text: separated

text: from

text: the

text: carcass

text: of

text: an

text: animal

text: during

text: butchering

text: Examples

text: of

text: primals

text: include

text: the

text: beef

text: round

text: loin

text: rib

text: and

text: chuck

text: or

text: the

text: swine

text: ham

text: loin

text: Boston

text: butt

text: and

text: picnic

text: Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.

text: Korean

text: cuisine

text: has

text: evolved

text: through

text: centuries

text: of

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: change

text: Originating

text: from

text: ancient

text: agricultural

text: and

text: nomadic

text: traditions

text: in

text: the

text: Korean

text: peninsula

text: and

text: southern

text: Manchuria

text: Korean

text: cuisine

text: has

text: evolved

text: through

text: complex

text: interaction

text: of

text: the

text: natural

text: environment

text: and

text: different

text: cultural

text: trends

text: Culinary names, menu names, or kitchen names are names of foods used in the preparation or selling of food, as opposed to their names in agriculture or in scientific nomenclature. The menu name may even be different from the kitchen name. For example, from the 19th until the mid-20th century, many restaurant menus were written in French and not in the local language.

text: Culinary

text: names

text: menu

text: names

text: or

text: kitchen

text: names

text: are

text: names

text: of

text: foods

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: preparation

text: or

text: selling

text: of

text: food

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: their

text: names

text: in

text: agriculture

text: or

text: in

text: scientific

text: nomenclature

text: The

text: menu

text: name

text: may

text: even

text: be

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: kitchen

text: name

text: For

text: example

text: from

text: the

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: many

text: restaurant

text: menus

text: were

text: written

text: in

text: French

text: and

text: not

text: in

text: the

text: local

text: language

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules.

text: Evolution

text: is

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: heritable

text: characteristics

text: of

text: biological

text: populations

text: over

text: successive

text: generations

text: Evolutionary

text: processes

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: biodiversity

text: at

text: every

text: level

text: of

text: biological

text: organisation

text: including

text: the

text: levels

text: of

text: species

text: individual

text: organisms

text: and

text: molecules

text: Hearing, auditory perception, or audition is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear.

text: Hearing

text: auditory

text: perception

text: or

text: audition

text: is

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: perceive

text: sound

text: by

text: detecting

text: vibrations

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: pressure

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: medium

text: through

text: time

text: through

text: an

text: organ

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: ear

text: A head is the part of an organism which usually comprises the eyes, ears, nose and mouth, each of which aid in various sensory functions such as sight, hearing, smell, and taste. Some very simple animals may not have a head, but many bilaterally symmetric forms do. Heads develop in animals by an evolutionary trend known as cephalization. In bilaterally symmetrical animals, nervous tissues concentrate at the anterior region, forming structures responsible for information processing. Through biological evolution, sense organs and feeding structures also concentrate into the anterior region; these collectively form the head.

text: head

text: is

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: which

text: usually

text: comprises

text: the

text: eyes

text: ears

text: nose

text: and

text: mouth

text: each

text: of

text: which

text: aid

text: in

text: various

text: sensory

text: functions

text: such

text: as

text: sight

text: hearing

text: smell

text: and

text: taste

text: Some

text: very

text: simple

text: animals

text: may

text: not

text: have

text: head

text: but

text: many

text: bilaterally

text: symmetric

text: forms

text: do

text: Heads

text: develop

text: in

text: animals

text: by

text: an

text: evolutionary

text: trend

text: known

text: as

text: cephalization

text: In

text: bilaterally

text: symmetrical

text: animals

text: nervous

text: tissues

text: concentrate

text: at

text: the

text: anterior

text: region

text: forming

text: structures

text: responsible

text: for

text: information

text: processing

text: Through

text: biological

text: evolution

text: sense

text: organs

text: and

text: feeding

text: structures

text: also

text: concentrate

text: into

text: the

text: anterior

text: region

text: these

text: collectively

text: form

text: the

text: head

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of gomguk

answer: food

text: food

text: food


text: Captain general (and its literal equivalent in several languages) is a high military rank of general officer grade, and a gubernatorial title.

text: Captain

text: general

text: and

text: its

text: literal

text: equivalent

text: in

text: several

text: languages

text: is

text: high

text: military

text: rank

text: of

text: general

text: officer

text: grade

text: and

text: gubernatorial

text: title

text: The Sri Lanka Army (Sinhala:     "Sri Lanka Yuddha Hamudawa")(Tamil:   "Ilankai irauvam") is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces and is the nation's army. Established as the Ceylon Army in 1949, it was renamed when Sri Lanka became a republic in 1972. In 2010, the Army had approximately 200,000 regular personnel, between 20,00040,000 reserve personnel and 18,000 National Guardsmen and comprises 13 operational divisions, one air-mobile brigade, one commando brigade, one special forces brigade, one independent armored brigade, three mechanized infantry brigades and over 40 infantry brigades. From the 1980s to 2009 the army was engaged in the Sri Lankan Civil War.

text: The

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Army

text: Sinhala

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Yuddha

text: Hamudawa")(Tamil

text: Ilankai

text: irauvam

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: and

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: army

text: Established

text: as

text: the

text: Ceylon

text: Army

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: renamed

text: when

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: became

text: republic

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: Army

text: had

text: approximately

text: regular

text: personnel

text: between

text: reserve

text: personnel

text: and

text: National

text: Guardsmen

text: and

text: comprises

text: operational

text: divisions

text: one

text: air

text: mobile

text: brigade

text: one

text: commando

text: brigade

text: one

text: special

text: forces

text: brigade

text: one

text: independent

text: armored

text: brigade

text: three

text: mechanized

text: infantry

text: brigades

text: and

text: over

text: infantry

text: brigades

text: From

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: army

text: was

text: engaged

text: in

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: Civil

text: War

text: The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka. Beginning on 23 July 1983, there was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers), which fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island. After a 26-year military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009, bringing the civil war to an end.

text: The

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: Civil

text: War

text: was

text: an

text: armed

text: conflict

text: fought

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Beginning

text: on

text: July

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: intermittent

text: insurgency

text: against

text: the

text: government

text: by

text: the

text: Liberation

text: Tigers

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Eelam

text: the

text: LTTE

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Tamil

text: Tigers

text: which

text: fought

text: to

text: create

text: an

text: independent

text: Tamil

text: state

text: called

text: Tamil

text: Eelam

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: After

text: military

text: campaign

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: military

text: defeated

text: the

text: Tamil

text: Tigers

text: in

text: May

text: bringing

text: the

text: civil

text: war

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: Lieutenant general, lieutenant-general and similar (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a captain general.

text: Lieutenant

text: general

text: lieutenant

text: general

text: and

text: similar

text: abbrev

text: Lt

text: Gen

text: LTG

text: and

text: similar

text: is

text: three

text: star

text: military

text: rank

text: NATO

text: code

text: used

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: The

text: rank

text: traces

text: its

text: origins

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: where

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: lieutenant

text: general

text: was

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: second

text: in

text: command

text: on

text: the

text: battlefield

text: who

text: was

text: normally

text: subordinate

text: to

text: captain

text: general

text: Lieutenant General Parami Sugandika Bandara Kulatunga RSP , VSV , USP , GW ( Sinhala :   ) ( born 9,October,1951 in Kandy , died 26,June,2006  ) was Deputy Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Army , its third highest - ranking officer . On the morning of 26 June , he was killed by a Tamil Tiger suicide bomber who drove an explosives laden motorbike into his official vehicle as it was driving to a military base at Pannipitiya near Colombo . A Memorial Dedication service for Lt. Gen. Kulatunga was held at the U.S. Army War College in Carlisle , Pennsylvania on October 11 , 2006 .

text: Lieutenant

text: General

text: Parami

text: Sugandika

text: Bandara

text: Kulatunga

text: RSP

text: VSV

text: USP

text: GW

text: Sinhala

text: born

text: in

text: Kandy

text: died

text: was

text: Deputy

text: Chief

text: of

text: Staff

text: of

text: the

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: Army

text: its

text: third

text: highest

text: ranking

text: officer

text: On

text: the

text: morning

text: of

text: June

text: he

text: was

text: killed

text: by

text: Tamil

text: Tiger

text: suicide

text: bomber

text: who

text: drove

text: an

text: explosives

text: laden

text: motorbike

text: into

text: his

text: official

text: vehicle

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: driving

text: to

text: military

text: base

text: at

text: Pannipitiya

text: near

text: Colombo

text: Memorial

text: Dedication

text: service

text: for

text: Lt

text: Gen.

text: Kulatunga

text: was

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: War

text: College

text: in

text: Carlisle

text: Pennsylvania

text: on

text: October

annotations: likely multiple

question: conflict parami kulatunga

answer: sri lankan civil war

text: sri lankan civil war

text: sri lankan civil war


text: Thompson Twins were a British music group that formed in April 1977. Initially a new wave group, they switched to a more mainstream pop sound and achieved considerable popularity in the mid-1980s, scoring a string of hits in the United Kingdom, the United States, and around the globe. In 1993, they changed the name to Babble, to reflect their change in music from new wave to dub-influenced chill-out.

text: Thompson

text: Twins

text: were

text: British

text: music

text: group

text: that

text: formed

text: in

text: April

text: Initially

text: new

text: wave

text: group

text: they

text: switched

text: to

text: more

text: mainstream

text: pop

text: sound

text: and

text: achieved

text: considerable

text: popularity

text: in

text: the

text: scoring

text: string

text: of

text: hits

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: globe

text: In

text: they

text: changed

text: the

text: name

text: to

text: Babble

text: to

text: reflect

text: their

text: change

text: in

text: music

text: from

text: new

text: wave

text: to

text: dub

text: influenced

text: chill

text: out

text: Smooth jazz is a popular genre of music that grew out of jazz and is influenced by rhythm and blues, funk, rock and roll, and pop music styles (separately, or, in any combination). Musicians such as Kenny G, Ramsey Lewis, Dave Koz, and Spyro Gyra have had hits with instrumental recordings, while singers such as Anita Baker, Sade, Sting and Norah Jones have found success with vocal releases. George Benson remains a popular Smooth Jazz artist as both a singer and guitar player.

text: Smooth

text: jazz

text: is

text: popular

text: genre

text: of

text: music

text: that

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: jazz

text: and

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: funk

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: and

text: pop

text: music

text: styles

text: separately

text: or

text: in

text: any

text: combination

text: Musicians

text: such

text: as

text: Kenny

text: Ramsey

text: Lewis

text: Dave

text: Koz

text: and

text: Spyro

text: Gyra

text: have

text: had

text: hits

text: with

text: instrumental

text: recordings

text: while

text: singers

text: such

text: as

text: Anita

text: Baker

text: Sade

text: Sting

text: and

text: Norah

text: Jones

text: have

text: found

text: success

text: with

text: vocal

text: releases

text: George

text: Benson

text: remains

text: popular

text: Smooth

text: Jazz

text: artist

text: as

text: both

text: singer

text: and

text: guitar

text: player

text: Eleanor McEvoy (born 22 January 1967) is one of Ireland's most accomplished contemporary singer/songwriters. McEvoy composed the song "Only A Woman's Heart", title track of "A Woman's Heart", the best-selling Irish album in Irish history.

text: Eleanor

text: McEvoy

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Ireland

text: 's

text: most

text: accomplished

text: contemporary

text: singer

text: songwriters

text: McEvoy

text: composed

text: the

text: song

text: Only

text: Woman

text: 's

text: Heart

text: title

text: track

text: of

text: Woman

text: 's

text: Heart

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: Irish

text: album

text: in

text: Irish

text: history

text: Martyn Ware (born 19 May 1956) is an English musician, composer, arranger, record producer, and music programmer. As a founding member of both the Human League and Heaven 17, he was partly responsible for hit records such as "Being Boiled" and "Temptation".

text: Martyn

text: Ware

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: musician

text: composer

text: arranger

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: music

text: programmer

text: As

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: Human

text: League

text: and

text: Heaven

text: he

text: was

text: partly

text: responsible

text: for

text: hit

text: records

text: such

text: as

text: Being

text: Boiled

text: and

text: Temptation

text: Break Every Rule World Tour is the fourth worldwide concert tour by American singer Tina Turner. The tour supported her sixth solo album "Break Every Rule". It was sponsored by Pepsi-Cola and broke box office records in 13 different countries. It was the top female concert attraction in 19871988 and is the biggest tour, by attendance, for a female artist ever, bringing in over 4 million people.

text: Break

text: Every

text: Rule

text: World

text: Tour

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: worldwide

text: concert

text: tour

text: by

text: American

text: singer

text: Tina

text: Turner

text: The

text: tour

text: supported

text: her

text: sixth

text: solo

text: album

text: Break

text: Every

text: Rule

text: It

text: was

text: sponsored

text: by

text: Pepsi

text: Cola

text: and

text: broke

text: box

text: office

text: records

text: in

text: different

text: countries

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: top

text: female

text: concert

text: attraction

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: biggest

text: tour

text: by

text: attendance

text: for

text: female

text: artist

text: ever

text: bringing

text: in

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: Ian Craig Marsh (born 11 November 1956) is an English musician and composer. He was a founding member of the electronic band the Human League, writing and playing on their first two albums and several singles, until leaving in 1980 to form the British Electric Foundation and later Heaven 17.

text: Ian

text: Craig

text: Marsh

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: musician

text: and

text: composer

text: He

text: was

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: electronic

text: band

text: the

text: Human

text: League

text: writing

text: and

text: playing

text: on

text: their

text: first

text: two

text: albums

text: and

text: several

text: singles

text: until

text: leaving

text: in

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: British

text: Electric

text: Foundation

text: and

text: later

text: Heaven

text: Duncan Sheik (born November 18, 1969) is an American singer-songwriter and composer. Initially finding success as a singer, most notably for his 1996 debut single "Barely Breathing", he later expanded to compositions for motion pictures and the Broadway stage, such as the successful musical, "Spring Awakening", where he won multiple Tonys and a Grammy. Sheik practices Nichiren Buddhism and is a member of the US branch of the worldwide Buddhist association Soka Gakkai International.

text: Duncan

text: Sheik

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: composer

text: Initially

text: finding

text: success

text: as

text: singer

text: most

text: notably

text: for

text: his

text: debut

text: single

text: Barely

text: Breathing

text: he

text: later

text: expanded

text: to

text: compositions

text: for

text: motion

text: pictures

text: and

text: the

text: Broadway

text: stage

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: successful

text: musical

text: Spring

text: Awakening

text: where

text: he

text: won

text: multiple

text: Tonys

text: and

text: Grammy

text: Sheik

text: practices

text: Nichiren

text: Buddhism

text: and

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: US

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: worldwide

text: Buddhist

text: association

text: Soka

text: Gakkai

text: International

text: Capitol Records, LLC (also referred to simply as Capitol and Hollywood and Vine) is an American record label part of the Capitol Music Group and a wholly owned division of Universal Music Group (UMG). The label was founded as the first West Coast-based record label in the United States in 1942 by three industry insiders named Johnny Mercer, Buddy DeSylva and Glenn Wallichs. In 1955, the label was acquired by the British music conglomerate EMI as its North American subsidiary. EMI was later acquired by Universal Music Group in 2012 and was merged with the company in 2013, making Capitol Records and the Capitol Music Group both a part of the Universal Music Group. Capitol Records' circular headquarter building located in Los Angeles is a recognized landmark of California.

text: Capitol

text: Records

text: LLC

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: simply

text: as

text: Capitol

text: and

text: Hollywood

text: and

text: Vine

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Capitol

text: Music

text: Group

text: and

text: wholly

text: owned

text: division

text: of

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: UMG

text: The

text: label

text: was

text: founded

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: West

text: Coast

text: based

text: record

text: label

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: by

text: three

text: industry

text: insiders

text: named

text: Johnny

text: Mercer

text: Buddy

text: DeSylva

text: and

text: Glenn

text: Wallichs

text: In

text: the

text: label

text: was

text: acquired

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: music

text: conglomerate

text: EMI

text: as

text: its

text: North

text: American

text: subsidiary

text: EMI

text: was

text: later

text: acquired

text: by

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: company

text: in

text: making

text: Capitol

text: Records

text: and

text: the

text: Capitol

text: Music

text: Group

text: both

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: Capitol

text: Records

text: circular

text: headquarter

text: building

text: located

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: recognized

text: landmark

text: of

text: California

text:
Private Dancer is the fifth solo studio album by recording artist Tina Turner. Marking her debut with the record company, it was released by Capitol Records in May 1984. Recording sessions for the album took place at several studios in England and was overseen by four different production teams, including Rupert Hine, and Martyn Ware and Ian Craig Marsh of Heaven 17. A radical departure from the rhythm and blues sound Turner had performed with her former husband and performing partner Ike Turner, the tracks in the album are a mixture of uptempos and ballads, which are basically inspired by pop and rock genres; it also features elements of smooth jazz and R&B.
Worldwide record sales have topped 25 million.

text: Private

text: Dancer

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: solo

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: recording

text: artist

text: Tina

text: Turner

text: Marking

text: her

text: debut

text: with

text: the

text: record

text: company

text: it

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: Capitol

text: Records

text: in

text: May

text: Recording

text: sessions

text: for

text: the

text: album

text: took

text: place

text: at

text: several

text: studios

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: was

text: overseen

text: by

text: four

text: different

text: production

text: teams

text: including

text: Rupert

text: Hine

text: and

text: Martyn

text: Ware

text: and

text: Ian

text: Craig

text: Marsh

text: of

text: Heaven

text: radical

text: departure

text: from

text: the

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: sound

text: Turner

text: had

text: performed

text: with

text: her

text: former

text: husband

text: and

text: performing

text: partner

text: Ike

text: Turner

text: the

text: tracks

text: in

text: the

text: album

text: are

text: mixture

text: of

text: uptempos

text: and

text: ballads

text: which

text: are

text: basically

text: inspired

text: by

text: pop

text: and

text: rock

text: genres

text: it

text: also

text: features

text: elements

text: of

text: smooth

text: jazz

text: and

text: R&B.

text: Worldwide

text: record

text: sales

text: have

text: topped

text: million

text: Heaven 17 are an English new wave and synthpop band formed in Sheffield in 1980. The band were a trio for most of their career, composed of Martyn Ware (keyboards), Ian Craig Marsh (keyboards) (both previously of the Human League) and Glenn Gregory (vocals). Although most of the band's music was recorded in the 1980s, they have occasionally reformed to record and perform, playing their first ever live concerts in 1997. Marsh left the band in 2007 and Ware and Gregory continued to perform as Heaven 17.

text: Heaven

text: are

text: an

text: English

text: new

text: wave

text: and

text: synthpop

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: Sheffield

text: in

text: The

text: band

text: were

text: trio

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: their

text: career

text: composed

text: of

text: Martyn

text: Ware

text: keyboards

text: Ian

text: Craig

text: Marsh

text: keyboards

text: both

text: previously

text: of

text: the

text: Human

text: League

text: and

text: Glenn

text: Gregory

text: vocals

text: Although

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: music

text: was

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: they

text: have

text: occasionally

text: reformed

text: to

text: record

text: and

text: perform

text: playing

text: their

text: first

text: ever

text: live

text: concerts

text: in

text: Marsh

text: left

text: the

text: band

text: in

text: and

text: Ware

text: and

text: Gregory

text: continued

text: to

text: perform

text: as

text: Heaven

text: Rupert Neville Hine (born on September 21, 1947 in London) is an English musician, songwriter and record producer, having produced albums for artists including Kevin Ayers, Tina Turner, Howard Jones, Saga, The Fixx, Bob Geldof, Thompson Twins, Stevie Nicks, Chris de Burgh, Suzanne Vega, Rush, Underworld, Duncan Sheik, Formula and Eleanor McEvoy. In addition, Hine has recorded eleven albums, including ones billed under his own name, the pseudo-band name Thinkman, and he was part of a group called Quantum Jump.

text: Rupert

text: Neville

text: Hine

text: born

text: on

text: September

text: in

text: London

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: musician

text: songwriter

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: having

text: produced

text: albums

text: for

text: artists

text: including

text: Kevin

text: Ayers

text: Tina

text: Turner

text: Howard

text: Jones

text: Saga

text: The

text: Fixx

text: Bob

text: Geldof

text: Thompson

text: Twins

text: Stevie

text: Nicks

text: Chris

text: de

text: Burgh

text: Suzanne

text: Vega

text: Rush

text: Underworld

text: Duncan

text: Sheik

text: Formula

text: and

text: Eleanor

text: McEvoy

text: In

text: addition

text: Hine

text: has

text: recorded

text: eleven

text: albums

text: including

text: ones

text: billed

text: under

text: his

text: own

text: name

text: the

text: pseudo

text: band

text: name

text: Thinkman

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: group

text: called

text: Quantum

text: Jump

text: Break Every Rule is the sixth solo album by Tina Turner, released on Capitol Records in 1986. It was the follow-up to Turner's globally successful comeback album, "Private Dancer", released two years earlier.

text: Break

text: Every

text: Rule

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: solo

text: album

text: by

text: Tina

text: Turner

text: released

text: on

text: Capitol

text: Records

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: follow

text: up

text: to

text: Turner

text: 's

text: globally

text: successful

text: comeback

text: album

text: Private

text: Dancer

text: released

text: two

text: years

text: earlier

text: Christopher John Davison (born 15 October 1948), known professionally as Chris de Burgh, is a British-Irish singer-songwriter and instrumentalist. He is an art rock performer who also writes pop-oriented material. He has had several top 40 hits in the UK and two in the US, but he is more popular in other countries, particularly Norway and Brazil. He is most famous for his 1986 love song "The Lady in Red", which reached number one in several countries. De Burgh has sold over 45 million albums worldwide.

text: Christopher

text: John

text: Davison

text: born

text: October

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Chris

text: de

text: Burgh

text: is

text: British

text: Irish

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: instrumentalist

text: He

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: rock

text: performer

text: who

text: also

text: writes

text: pop

text: oriented

text: material

text: He

text: has

text: had

text: several

text: top

text: hits

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: two

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: but

text: he

text: is

text: more

text: popular

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: particularly

text: Norway

text: and

text: Brazil

text: He

text: is

text: most

text: famous

text: for

text: his

text: love

text: song

text: The

text: Lady

text: in

text: Red

text: which

text: reached

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: several

text: countries

text: De

text: Burgh

text: has

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: albums

text: worldwide

text: Kevin Ayers (16 August 1944  18 February 2013) was an English singer-songwriter and a major influential force in the English psychedelic movement. Ayers was a founding member of the pioneering psychedelic band Soft Machine in the mid-1960s, and was closely associated with the Canterbury scene. He recorded a series of albums as a solo artist and over the years worked with Brian Eno, Syd Barrett, Bridget St John, John Cale, Elton John, Robert Wyatt, Andy Summers, Mike Oldfield, Nico and Ollie Halsall, among others. After living for many years in Deià, Majorca, he returned to the United Kingdom in the mid-1990s before moving to the south of France. His last album was "The Unfairground", recorded in New York City, Tucson, and London in 2006. The British rock journalist Nick Kent wrote: "Kevin Ayers and Syd Barrett were the two most important people in British pop music. Everything that came after came from them."

text: Kevin

text: Ayers

text: August

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: major

text: influential

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: psychedelic

text: movement

text: Ayers

text: was

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: pioneering

text: psychedelic

text: band

text: Soft

text: Machine

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: was

text: closely

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Canterbury

text: scene

text: He

text: recorded

text: series

text: of

text: albums

text: as

text: solo

text: artist

text: and

text: over

text: the

text: years

text: worked

text: with

text: Brian

text: Eno

text: Syd

text: Barrett

text: Bridget

text: St

text: John

text: John

text: Cale

text: Elton

text: John

text: Robert

text: Wyatt

text: Andy

text: Summers

text: Mike

text: Oldfield

text: Nico

text: and

text: Ollie

text: Halsall

text: among

text: others

text: After

text: living

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: in

text: Deià

text: Majorca

text: he

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: before

text: moving

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: France

text: His

text: last

text: album

text: was

text: The

text: Unfairground

text: recorded

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Tucson

text: and

text: London

text: in

text: The

text: British

text: rock

text: journalist

text: Nick

text: Kent

text: wrote

text: Kevin

text: Ayers

text: and

text: Syd

text: Barrett

text: were

text: the

text: two

text: most

text: important

text: people

text: in

text: British

text: pop

text: music

text: Everything

text: that

text: came

text: after

text: came

text: from

text: them

text:
Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat" was becoming more popular.
In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, the bands usually consisted of piano, one or two guitars, bass, drums, saxophone, and sometimes background vocalists. R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, and sex.

text: Rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: R&B

text: or

text: RnB

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: popular

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: originally

text: used

text: by

text: record

text: companies

text: to

text: describe

text: recordings

text: marketed

text: predominantly

text: to

text: urban

text: African

text: Americans

text: at

text: time

text: when

text: urbane

text: rocking

text: jazz

text: based

text: music

text: with

text: heavy

text: insistent

text: beat

text: was

text: becoming

text: more

text: popular

text: In

text: the

text: commercial

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: music

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: through

text: the

text: the

text: bands

text: usually

text: consisted

text: of

text: piano

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: guitars

text: bass

text: drums

text: saxophone

text: and

text: sometimes

text: background

text: vocalists

text: R&B

text: lyrical

text: themes

text: often

text: encapsulate

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: experience

text: of

text: pain

text: and

text: the

text: quest

text: for

text: freedom

text: and

text: joy

text: Lyrics

text: focus

text: heavily

text: on

text: the

text: themes

text: of

text: triumphs

text: and

text: failures

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: relationships

text: freedom

text: economics

text: aspirations

text: and

text: sex

text: MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as "video jockeys" (VJs). In its early years, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily towards teenagers, high school students and college students. MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods. It has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTV's influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years.

text: MTV

text: originally

text: an

text: initialism

text: of

text: Music

text: Television

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: cable

text: and

text: satellite

text: television

text: channel

text: owned

text: by

text: Viacom

text: Media

text: Networks

text: division

text: of

text: Viacom

text: and

text: headquartered

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Launched

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: channel

text: originally

text: aired

text: music

text: videos

text: as

text: guided

text: by

text: television

text: personalities

text: known

text: as

text: video

text: jockeys

text: VJs

text: In

text: its

text: early

text: years

text: MTV

text: 's

text: main

text: target

text: demographic

text: was

text: young

text: adults

text: but

text: today

text: it

text: is

text: primarily

text: towards

text: teenagers

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: and

text: college

text: students

text: MTV

text: has

text: toned

text: down

text: its

text: music

text: video

text: programming

text: significantly

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: programming

text: now

text: consists

text: mainly

text: of

text: original

text: reality

text: comedy

text: and

text: drama

text: programming

text: and

text: some

text: off

text: network

text: syndicated

text: programs

text: and

text: films

text: with

text: limited

text: music

text: video

text: programming

text: in

text: off

text: peak

text: time

text: periods

text: It

text: has

text: received

text: criticism

text: towards

text: this

text: change

text: of

text: focus

text: both

text: by

text: certain

text: segments

text: of

text: its

text: audience

text: and

text: musicians

text: MTV

text: 's

text: influence

text: on

text: its

text: audience

text: including

text: issues

text: involving

text: censorship

text: and

text: social

text: activism

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: subject

text: of

text: debate

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employeesChad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karimin February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report and comment on videos, and it makes use of WebM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.

text: YouTube

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: video

text: sharing

text: website

text: headquartered

text: in

text: San

text: Bruno

text: California

text: The

text: service

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: three

text: former

text: PayPal

text: employeesChad

text: Hurley

text: Steve

text: Chen

text: and

text: Jawed

text: Karimin

text: February

text: In

text: November

text: it

text: was

text: bought

text: by

text: Google

text: for

text: US$

text: billion

text: YouTube

text: now

text: operates

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: Google

text: 's

text: subsidiaries

text: The

text: site

text: allows

text: users

text: to

text: upload

text: view

text: rate

text: share

text: add

text: to

text: favorites

text: report

text: and

text: comment

text: on

text: videos

text: and

text: it

text: makes

text: use

text: of

text: WebM

text: AVC

text: and

text: Adobe

text: Flash

text: Video

text: technology

text: to

text: display

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: user

text: generated

text: and

text: corporate

text: media

text: videos

text: Available

text: content

text: includes

text: video

text: clips

text: TV

text: show

text: clips

text: music

text: videos

text: short

text: and

text: documentary

text: films

text: audio

text: recordings

text: movie

text: trailers

text: and

text: other

text: content

text: such

text: as

text: video

text: blogging

text: short

text: original

text: videos

text: and

text: educational

text: videos

text: A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads derive from the medieval French "chanson balladée" or "ballade", which were originally "danced songs". Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century. They were widely used across Europe, and later in the Americas, Australia and North Africa. Ballads are 13 lines with an ABABBCBC form, consisting of couplets (two lines) of rhymed verse, each of 14 syllables.

text: ballad

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: verse

text: often

text: narrative

text: set

text: to

text: music

text: Ballads

text: derive

text: from

text: the

text: medieval

text: French

text: chanson

text: balladée

text: or

text: ballade

text: which

text: were

text: originally

text: danced

text: songs

text: Ballads

text: were

text: particularly

text: characteristic

text: of

text: the

text: popular

text: poetry

text: and

text: song

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: from

text: the

text: later

text: medieval

text: period

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: They

text: were

text: widely

text: used

text: across

text: Europe

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Australia

text: and

text: North

text: Africa

text: Ballads

text: are

text: lines

text: with

text: an

text: ABABBCBC

text: form

text: consisting

text: of

text: couplets

text: two

text: lines

text: of

text: rhymed

text: verse

text: each

text: of

text: syllables

text: Robert Frederick Zenon "Bob" Geldof, KBE (born 5 October 1951), is an Irish singer, songwriter, author, occasional actor, and political activist. He rose to prominence as the lead singer of the Irish rock band The Boomtown Rats in the late 1970s and early 1980s, alongside the punk rock movement. The band had hits with his compositions "Rat Trap" and "I Don't Like Mondays". He co-wrote "Do They Know It's Christmas?", one of the best-selling singles of all time, and starred in Pink Floyd's 1982 film "Pink Floyd  The Wall" as "Pink."

text: Robert

text: Frederick

text: Zenon

text: Bob

text: Geldof

text: KBE

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: Irish

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: author

text: occasional

text: actor

text: and

text: political

text: activist

text: He

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: singer

text: of

text: the

text: Irish

text: rock

text: band

text: The

text: Boomtown

text: Rats

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: alongside

text: the

text: punk

text: rock

text: movement

text: The

text: band

text: had

text: hits

text: with

text: his

text: compositions

text: Rat

text: Trap

text: and

text: Do

text: n't

text: Like

text: Mondays

text: He

text: co

text: wrote

text: Do

text: They

text: Know

text: It

text: 's

text: Christmas

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: singles

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: and

text: starred

text: in

text: Pink

text: Floyd

text: 's

text: film

text: Pink

text: Floyd

text: The

text: Wall

text: as

text: Pink

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Izear Luster "Ike" Turner, Jr. (November 5, 1931  December 12, 2007) was an American musician, bandleader, songwriter, arranger, talent scout, and record producer. An early pioneer of fifties rock and roll, he is most popularly known for his work in the 1960s and 1970s with his then-wife Tina Turner in the Ike & Tina Turner Revue.

text: Izear

text: Luster

text: Ike

text: Turner

text: Jr.

text: November

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: bandleader

text: songwriter

text: arranger

text: talent

text: scout

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: An

text: early

text: pioneer

text: of

text: fifties

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: he

text: is

text: most

text: popularly

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: his

text: then

text: wife

text: Tina

text: Turner

text: in

text: the

text: Ike

text: Tina

text: Turner

text: Revue

text: `` Break Every Rule '' is a song by recording artist Tina Turner . It was the title track to both Turner 's 1986 album of the same name and the name of her 1987 - 88 `` Break Every Rule World Tour '' . It was released as a single in early 1987 to support the album and the tour . The song found limited success on the US and UK singles charts . The music video shows Turner performing on stage as well as behind - the - scenes footage of Turner and her band from the tour . The country - flavored song was written by British composer and singer Rupert Hine and his then girlfriend Jeanette Obstoj , who had previously composed `` I Might Have Been Queen '' which was featured on the Private Dancer album . The `` Break Every Rule '' 12 `` single included both an Extended Dance Mix and an Extended Rock Mix.

text: Break

text: Every

text: Rule

text: is

text: song

text: by

text: recording

text: artist

text: Tina

text: Turner

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: title

text: track

text: to

text: both

text: Turner

text: 's

text: album

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: and

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: her

text: Break

text: Every

text: Rule

text: World

text: Tour

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: single

text: in

text: early

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: album

text: and

text: the

text: tour

text: The

text: song

text: found

text: limited

text: success

text: on

text: the

text: US

text: and

text: UK

text: singles

text: charts

text: The

text: music

text: video

text: shows

text: Turner

text: performing

text: on

text: stage

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: behind

text: the

text: scenes

text: footage

text: of

text: Turner

text: and

text: her

text: band

text: from

text: the

text: tour

text: The

text: country

text: flavored

text: song

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: British

text: composer

text: and

text: singer

text: Rupert

text: Hine

text: and

text: his

text: then

text: girlfriend

text: Jeanette

text: Obstoj

text: who

text: had

text: previously

text: composed

text: Might

text: Have

text: Been

text: Queen

text: which

text: was

text: featured

text: on

text: the

text: Private

text: Dancer

text: album

text: The

text: Break

text: Every

text: Rule

text: single

text: included

text: both

text: an

text: Extended

text: Dance

text: Mix

text: and

text: an

text: Extended

text: Rock

text: Mix

text: A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie in marketing campaigns that allow them to become more than just a song. Tie ins and merchandising could be used in toys or marketing campaigns for food and other products. Although the origins of music videos date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV based their format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by various terms including "illustrated song", "filmed insert", "promotional (promo) film", "promotional clip", "promotional video", "song video", "song clip" or "film clip". Since the creation and increased popularity of YouTube, mainstream artists now promote new music videos by releasing trailers of short promos on the site for their upcoming song and music video. Consequentially, YouTube has been converted into a social media platform for celebrities and artists to market themselves to their fans

text: music

text: video

text: is

text: short

text: film

text: integrating

text: song

text: and

text: imagery

text: produced

text: for

text: promotional

text: or

text: artistic

text: purposes

text: Modern

text: music

text: videos

text: are

text: primarily

text: made

text: and

text: used

text: as

text: marketing

text: device

text: intended

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: music

text: recordings

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: cases

text: where

text: songs

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: tie

text: in

text: marketing

text: campaigns

text: that

text: allow

text: them

text: to

text: become

text: more

text: than

text: just

text: song

text: Tie

text: ins

text: and

text: merchandising

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: toys

text: or

text: marketing

text: campaigns

text: for

text: food

text: and

text: other

text: products

text: Although

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: music

text: videos

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: musical

text: short

text: films

text: that

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: they

text: came

text: into

text: prominence

text: in

text: the

text: when

text: MTV

text: based

text: their

text: format

text: around

text: the

text: medium

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: these

text: works

text: were

text: described

text: by

text: various

text: terms

text: including

text: illustrated

text: song

text: filmed

text: insert

text: promotional

text: promo

text: film

text: promotional

text: clip

text: promotional

text: video

text: song

text: video

text: song

text: clip

text: or

text: film

text: clip

text: Since

text: the

text: creation

text: and

text: increased

text: popularity

text: of

text: YouTube

text: mainstream

text: artists

text: now

text: promote

text: new

text: music

text: videos

text: by

text: releasing

text: trailers

text: of

text: short

text: promos

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: for

text: their

text: upcoming

text: song

text: and

text: music

text: video

text: Consequentially

text: YouTube

text: has

text: been

text: converted

text: into

text: social

text: media

text: platform

text: for

text: celebrities

text: and

text: artists

text: to

text: market

text: themselves

text: to

text: their

text: fans

text: Suzanne Nadine Vega (born Suzanne Nadine Peck, July 11, 1959) is an American singer-songwriter and record producer, best known for her eclectic folk-inspired music.

text: Suzanne

text: Nadine

text: Vega

text: born

text: Suzanne

text: Nadine

text: Peck

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: eclectic

text: folk

text: inspired

text: music

annotations: follows multiple

question: record_label break every rule

answer: capitol records

text: capitol records

text: capitol records

text: capitol records

text: capitol records

text: capitol records


text: Attwater's prairie chicken ("Tympanuchus cupido attwateri") is a highly endangered subspecies of the greater prairie chicken that is native to coastal Texas and Louisiana in the United States.

text: Attwater

text: 's

text: prairie

text: chicken

text: Tympanuchus

text: cupido

text: attwateri

text: is

text: highly

text: endangered

text: subspecies

text: of

text: the

text: greater

text: prairie

text: chicken

text: that

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: coastal

text: Texas

text: and

text: Louisiana

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The Galliformes are an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkey, grouse, chicken, New World quail and Old World quail, ptarmigan, partridge, pheasant, junglefowl and the Cracidae. The name derives from "gallus", Latin for "cock" or "rooster". Common names are gamefowl or gamebirds, landfowl, gallinaceous birds, or galliforms. "Wildfowl" or just "fowl" are also often used for the Galliformes, but usually these terms also refer to waterfowl (Anseriformes), and occasionally to other commonly hunted birds. This group has about 290 species, one or more of which are found in essentially every part of the world's continents (except for the innermost deserts and perpetual ice). They are rarer on islands, and in contrast to the closely related waterfowl, are essentially absent from oceanic islandsunless introduced there by humans. Several species have been domesticated during their long and extensive relationships with humans.

text: The

text: Galliformes

text: are

text: an

text: order

text: of

text: heavy

text: bodied

text: ground

text: feeding

text: birds

text: that

text: includes

text: turkey

text: grouse

text: chicken

text: New

text: World

text: quail

text: and

text: Old

text: World

text: quail

text: ptarmigan

text: partridge

text: pheasant

text: junglefowl

text: and

text: the

text: Cracidae

text: The

text: name

text: derives

text: from

text: gallus

text: Latin

text: for

text: cock

text: or

text: rooster

text: Common

text: names

text: are

text: gamefowl

text: or

text: gamebirds

text: landfowl

text: gallinaceous

text: birds

text: or

text: galliforms

text: Wildfowl

text: or

text: just

text: fowl

text: are

text: also

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: Galliformes

text: but

text: usually

text: these

text: terms

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: waterfowl

text: Anseriformes

text: and

text: occasionally

text: to

text: other

text: commonly

text: hunted

text: birds

text: This

text: group

text: has

text: about

text: species

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: essentially

text: every

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: continents

text: except

text: for

text: the

text: innermost

text: deserts

text: and

text: perpetual

text: ice

text: They

text: are

text: rarer

text: on

text: islands

text: and

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: closely

text: related

text: waterfowl

text: are

text: essentially

text: absent

text: from

text: oceanic

text: islandsunless

text: introduced

text: there

text: by

text: humans

text: Several

text: species

text: have

text: been

text: domesticated

text: during

text: their

text: long

text: and

text: extensive

text: relationships

text: with

text: humans

text: The chicken ("Gallus gallus domesticus") is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl. It is one of the most common and widespread domestic animals, with a population of more than 19 billion as of 2011. Humans keep chickens primarily as a source of food, consuming both their meat and their eggs.

text: The

text: chicken

text: Gallus

text: gallus

text: domesticus

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: domesticated

text: fowl

text: subspecies

text: of

text: the

text: red

text: junglefowl

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: and

text: widespread

text: domestic

text: animals

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: billion

text: as

text: of

text: Humans

text: keep

text: chickens

text: primarily

text: as

text: source

text: of

text: food

text: consuming

text: both

text: their

text: meat

text: and

text: their

text: eggs

text: Grouse are a group of birds from the order Galliformes, in the family Phasianidae. Grouse are frequently assigned to the subfamily Tetraoninae (sometimes Tetraonidae), a classification supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence studies, and applied by the American Ornithologists' Union, ITIS, and others. Grouse inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, from pine forests to moorland and mountainside, from 83°N (rock ptarmigan in northern Greenland) to 28°N (Attwater's prairie chicken in Texas).

text: Grouse

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: birds

text: from

text: the

text: order

text: Galliformes

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Phasianidae

text: Grouse

text: are

text: frequently

text: assigned

text: to

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Tetraoninae

text: sometimes

text: Tetraonidae

text: classification

text: supported

text: by

text: mitochondrial

text: DNA

text: sequence

text: studies

text: and

text: applied

text: by

text: the

text: American

text: Ornithologists

text: Union

text: ITIS

text: and

text: others

text: Grouse

text: inhabit

text: temperate

text: and

text: subarctic

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: from

text: pine

text: forests

text: to

text: moorland

text: and

text: mountainside

text: from

text: rock

text: ptarmigan

text: in

text: northern

text: Greenland

text: to

text: Attwater

text: 's

text: prairie

text: chicken

text: in

text: Texas

text: The Phasianidae are a family of heavy, groundliving birds which includes pheasants, partridges, junglefowl, chickens, Old World quail, and peafowl. The family includes many of the most popular gamebirds. The family is a large one, and is occasionally broken up into two subfamilies, the Phasianinae, and the Perdicinae. Sometimes, additional families and birds are treated as part of this family. For example, the American Ornithologists' Union includes Tetraonidae (grouse), Numididae (guineafowl), and Meleagrididae (turkeys) as subfamilies in Phasianidae.

text: The

text: Phasianidae

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: heavy

text: groundliving

text: birds

text: which

text: includes

text: pheasants

text: partridges

text: junglefowl

text: chickens

text: Old

text: World

text: quail

text: and

text: peafowl

text: The

text: family

text: includes

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: gamebirds

text: The

text: family

text: is

text: large

text: one

text: and

text: is

text: occasionally

text: broken

text: up

text: into

text: two

text: subfamilies

text: the

text: Phasianinae

text: and

text: the

text: Perdicinae

text: Sometimes

text: additional

text: families

text: and

text: birds

text: are

text: treated

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: family

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: American

text: Ornithologists

text: Union

text: includes

text: Tetraonidae

text: grouse

text: Numididae

text: guineafowl

text: and

text: Meleagrididae

text: turkeys

text: as

text: subfamilies

text: in

text: Phasianidae

text: Tetrao is a genus of birds in the grouse subfamily. The genus name is derived from the Latin name of a gamebird, probably the black grouse.

text: Tetrao

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: grouse

text: subfamily

text: The

text: genus

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: name

text: of

text: gamebird

text: probably

text: the

text: black

text: grouse

text: Texas is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population. Geographically located in the south central part of the country, Texas shares borders with the U.S. states of Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the west, and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas to the southwest, while the Gulf of Mexico is to the southeast.

text: Texas

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: Geographically

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Texas

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Louisiana

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Arkansas

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Oklahoma

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: New

text: Mexico

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mexican

text: states

text: of

text: Chihuahua

text: Coahuila

text: Nuevo

text: León

text: and

text: Tamaulipas

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: while

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Falcipennis is a genus of birds in the grouse family that comprises three very similar species : Siberian grouse , Falcipennis falcipennis Spruce grouse , Falcipennis canadensis Franklin 's grouse , Falcipennis franklinii Both inhabit northern coniferous forests and live on conifer needles during the winter . Both have breeding systems with dispersed male territories , intermediate between the leks of some grouse and the monogamy of others .

text: Falcipennis

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: grouse

text: family

text: that

text: comprises

text: three

text: very

text: similar

text: species

text: Siberian

text: grouse

text: Falcipennis

text: falcipennis

text: Spruce

text: grouse

text: Falcipennis

text: canadensis

text: Franklin

text: 's

text: grouse

text: Falcipennis

text: franklinii

text: Both

text: inhabit

text: northern

text: coniferous

text: forests

text: and

text: live

text: on

text: conifer

text: needles

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: Both

text: have

text: breeding

text: systems

text: with

text: dispersed

text: male

text: territories

text: intermediate

text: between

text: the

text: leks

text: of

text: some

text: grouse

text: and

text: the

text: monogamy

text: of

text: others

text: The rock ptarmigan (') is a medium-sized gamebird in the grouse family. It is known simply as the ptarmigan in the UK and in Canada, where it is the official bird for the territory of Nunavut, Canada, and the official game bird for the province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, and colloquially as the snow chicken"' in the United States. In Japan, it is known as the "raich" (), which means "thunder bird". It is the official bird of Gifu, Nagano, and Toyama Prefectures and is a protected species nationwide.

text: The

text: rock

text: ptarmigan

text: is

text: medium

text: sized

text: gamebird

text: in

text: the

text: grouse

text: family

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: ptarmigan

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: in

text: Canada

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: bird

text: for

text: the

text: territory

text: of

text: Nunavut

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: official

text: game

text: bird

text: for

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Newfoundland

text: and

text: Labrador

text: Canada

text: and

text: colloquially

text: as

text: the

text: snow

text: chicken

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: Japan

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: raich

text: which

text: means

text: thunder

text: bird

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: bird

text: of

text: Gifu

text: Nagano

text: and

text: Toyama

text: Prefectures

text: and

text: is

text: protected

text: species

text: nationwide

question: parent_taxon falcipennis

answer: phasianidae

text: phasianidae

text: phasianidae

text: phasianidae