text: Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.

text: Iraq

text: or

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iraq

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Baghdad

text: The

text: main

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: are

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Kurds

text: others

text: include

text: Assyrians

text: Turkmen

text: Shabakis

text: Yazidis

text: Armenians

text: Mandeans

text: Circassians

text: and

text: Kawliya

text: Around

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: citizens

text: are

text: Muslims

text: with

text: Christianity

text: Yarsan

text: Yezidism

text: and

text: Mandeanism

text: also

text: present

text: The

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: Iraq

text: are

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Kurdish

text: Shia ("Shah", from "Shatu Al", followers of Ali) is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam). Shia Islam primarily contrasts with Sunni Islam, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor. Instead they consider Abu Bakr (who was appointed Caliph through a Shura, i.e. consensus) to be the correct Caliph.

text: Shia

text: Shah

text: from

text: Shatu

text: Al

text: followers

text: of

text: Ali

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: Islam

text: which

text: holds

text: that

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: designated

text: Ali

text: ibn

text: Abi

text: Talib

text: as

text: his

text: successor

text: Imam

text: Shia

text: Islam

text: primarily

text: contrasts

text: with

text: Sunni

text: Islam

text: whose

text: adherents

text: believe

text: that

text: Muhammad

text: did

text: not

text: appoint

text: successor

text: Instead

text: they

text: consider

text: Abu

text: Bakr

text: who

text: was

text: appointed

text: Caliph

text: through

text: Shura

text: i.e.

text: consensus

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: correct

text: Caliph

text: Muhammad (c. 570 CE  8 June 632 CE) is the central figure of Islam and widely regarded as its founder by non-Muslims. He is known as the "Holy Prophet" to Muslims, almost all of whom consider him to be the last prophet sent by God to mankind to restore Islam, believed by Muslims to be the unaltered original monotheistic faith of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity and ensured that his teachings, practices, and the Quran, formed the basis of Islamic religious belief.

text: Muhammad

text: CE

text: June

text: CE

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: figure

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: its

text: founder

text: by

text: non

text: Muslims

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Holy

text: Prophet

text: to

text: Muslims

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: whom

text: consider

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: sent

text: by

text: God

text: to

text: mankind

text: to

text: restore

text: Islam

text: believed

text: by

text: Muslims

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: unaltered

text: original

text: monotheistic

text: faith

text: of

text: Adam

text: Abraham

text: Moses

text: Jesus

text: and

text: other

text: prophets

text: Muhammad

text: united

text: Arabia

text: into

text: single

text: Muslim

text: polity

text: and

text: ensured

text: that

text: his

text: teachings

text: practices

text: and

text: the

text: Quran

text: formed

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: Islamic

text: religious

text: belief

text: Islamic studies is the academic study of Islam and Islamic culture. Islamic studies can be seen under at least two perspectives:

text: Islamic

text: studies

text: is

text: the

text: academic

text: study

text: of

text: Islam

text: and

text: Islamic

text: culture

text: Islamic

text: studies

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: under

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: perspectives

text: Twelver (Athn'ashariyyah or Ithn'ashariyyah ) Shia Islam or Imamiyyah is the largest branch of Shia Islam. Twelver belief is based on the Quran and the message of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad attested in hadith, and on hadith taught by their Imams. The term "Twelver" refers to its adherents' belief in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as the Twelve Imams, and their belief that the last Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, lives in occultation and will reappear as the promised Mahdi. According to Shia tradition, the Mahdi's tenure will coincide with the Second Coming of Jesus Christ ("Isa"), who is to assist the "Mahdi" against the "Masih ad-Dajjal" (literally, the "false Messiah" or Antichrist).

text: Twelver

text: Athn'ashariyyah

text: or

text: Ithn'ashariyyah

text: Shia

text: Islam

text: or

text: Imamiyyah

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: branch

text: of

text: Shia

text: Islam

text: Twelver

text: belief

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: the

text: message

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Prophet

text: Muhammad

text: attested

text: in

text: hadith

text: and

text: on

text: hadith

text: taught

text: by

text: their

text: Imams

text: The

text: term

text: Twelver

text: refers

text: to

text: its

text: adherents

text: belief

text: in

text: twelve

text: divinely

text: ordained

text: leaders

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Twelve

text: Imams

text: and

text: their

text: belief

text: that

text: the

text: last

text: Imam

text: Muhammad

text: al

text: Mahdi

text: lives

text: in

text: occultation

text: and

text: will

text: reappear

text: as

text: the

text: promised

text: Mahdi

text: According

text: to

text: Shia

text: tradition

text: the

text: Mahdi

text: 's

text: tenure

text: will

text: coincide

text: with

text: the

text: Second

text: Coming

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: Isa

text: who

text: is

text: to

text: assist

text: the

text: Mahdi

text: against

text: the

text: Masih

text: ad

text: Dajjal

text: literally

text: the

text: false

text: Messiah

text: or

text: Antichrist

text: Ayatollah (or ; from "Sign of Allah") is a high-ranking title given to Usuli Twelver Shah clerics. Those who carry the title are experts in Islamic studies such as jurisprudence, quran reading, and philosophy and usually teach in Islamic seminaries. The next lower clerical rank is Hujjat al-Islam.

text: Ayatollah

text: or

text: from

text: Sign

text: of

text: Allah

text: is

text: high

text: ranking

text: title

text: given

text: to

text: Usuli

text: Twelver

text: Shah

text: clerics

text: Those

text: who

text: carry

text: the

text: title

text: are

text: experts

text: in

text: Islamic

text: studies

text: such

text: as

text: jurisprudence

text: quran

text: reading

text: and

text: philosophy

text: and

text: usually

text: teach

text: in

text: Islamic

text: seminaries

text: The

text: next

text: lower

text: clerical

text: rank

text: is

text: Hujjat

text: al

text: Islam

text: Islam (' ;) is a religion articulated by the Quran, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God ('), and, for the vast majority of adherents, the teachings and normative example (called the "sunnah", composed of accounts called "hadith") of Muhammad (5708 June 632 CE). It is the world's second-largest religion and the fastest-growing major religion in the world, with over 1.7 billion followers or 23% of the global population, known as Muslims. Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion that upholds that God is one and incomparable and that the purpose of existence is to worship God. Muslims consider Muhammad to be the last prophet of God.

text: Islam

text: is

text: religion

text: articulated

text: by

text: the

text: Quran

text: text

text: considered

text: by

text: its

text: adherents

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: verbatim

text: word

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: adherents

text: the

text: teachings

text: and

text: normative

text: example

text: called

text: the

text: sunnah

text: composed

text: of

text: accounts

text: called

text: hadith

text: of

text: Muhammad

text: June

text: CE

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: religion

text: and

text: the

text: fastest

text: growing

text: major

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: followers

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: Muslims

text: Islam

text: is

text: an

text: Abrahamic

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: that

text: upholds

text: that

text: God

text: is

text: one

text: and

text: incomparable

text: and

text: that

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: existence

text: is

text: to

text: worship

text: God

text: Muslims

text: consider

text: Muhammad

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: last

text: prophet

text: of

text: God

text: A Christian (or ) is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word "Christós" (), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term "mashiach".

text: Christian

text: or

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: follows

text: or

text: adheres

text: to

text: Christianity

text: an

text: Abrahamic

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: life

text: and

text: teachings

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: Christian

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Koine

text: Greek

text: word

text: Christós

text: translation

text: of

text: the

text: Biblical

text: Hebrew

text: term

text: mashiach

text: The Quran (; ', literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran"') is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God ("Allah"). It is widely regarded as the finest work in classical Arabic literature. The Quran is divided into chapters ("surah" in Arabic), which are then divided into verses ("ayah").

text: The

text: Quran

text: literally

text: meaning

text: the

text: recitation

text: also

text: romanized

text: Qur'an

text: or

text: Koran

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: religious

text: text

text: of

text: Islam

text: which

text: Muslims

text: believe

text: to

text: be

text: revelation

text: from

text: God

text: Allah

text: It

text: is

text: widely

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: finest

text: work

text: in

text: classical

text: Arabic

text: literature

text: The

text: Quran

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: chapters

text: surah

text: in

text: Arabic

text: which

text: are

text: then

text: divided

text: into

text: verses

text: ayah

text: Usulis are the majority Twelver Shi'a Muslim group. They differ from their now much smaller rival Akhbari group in favoring the use of "ijtihad" (i.e., reasoning) in the creation of new rules of "fiqh"; in assessing hadith to exclude traditions they believe unreliable; and in considering it obligatory to obey a "mujtahid" when seeking to determine Islamically correct behavior.

text: Usulis

text: are

text: the

text: majority

text: Twelver

text: Shi'a

text: Muslim

text: group

text: They

text: differ

text: from

text: their

text: now

text: much

text: smaller

text: rival

text: Akhbari

text: group

text: in

text: favoring

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: ijtihad

text: i.e.

text: reasoning

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: new

text: rules

text: of

text: fiqh

text: in

text: assessing

text: hadith

text: to

text: exclude

text: traditions

text: they

text: believe

text: unreliable

text: and

text: in

text: considering

text: it

text: obligatory

text: to

text: obey

text: mujtahid

text: when

text: seeking

text: to

text: determine

text: Islamically

text: correct

text: behavior

text: In Islamic eschatology, the Mahdi (ISO 233: "" "guided one") is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will rule for five, seven, nine, or nineteen years (according to differing interpretations) before the Day of Judgment (/ literally, "the Day of Resurrection") and will rid the world of evil.

text: In

text: Islamic

text: eschatology

text: the

text: Mahdi

text: ISO

text: guided

text: one

text: is

text: the

text: prophesied

text: redeemer

text: of

text: Islam

text: who

text: will

text: rule

text: for

text: five

text: seven

text: nine

text: or

text: nineteen

text: years

text: according

text: to

text: differing

text: interpretations

text: before

text: the

text: Day

text: of

text: Judgment

text: literally

text: the

text: Day

text: of

text: Resurrection

text: and

text: will

text: rid

text: the

text: world

text: of

text: evil

text:
The Twelve Imams are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Twelver or "Athnashariyyah" branch of Shia Islam and in Alevi Islam.
According to the theology of Twelvers, the Twelve Imams are exemplary human individuals who not only rule over the community with justice, but also are able to keep and interpret "sharia" and the esoteric meaning of the Quran. Muhammad and Imams' words and deeds are a guide and model for the community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and sin, known as Ismah or infallibility and must be chosen by divine decree, or "nass", through the Prophet.

text: The

text: Twelve

text: Imams

text: are

text: the

text: spiritual

text: and

text: political

text: successors

text: to

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: in

text: the

text: Twelver

text: or

text: Athnashariyyah

text: branch

text: of

text: Shia

text: Islam

text: and

text: in

text: Alevi

text: Islam

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: theology

text: of

text: Twelvers

text: the

text: Twelve

text: Imams

text: are

text: exemplary

text: human

text: individuals

text: who

text: not

text: only

text: rule

text: over

text: the

text: community

text: with

text: justice

text: but

text: also

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: keep

text: and

text: interpret

text: sharia

text: and

text: the

text: esoteric

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: Quran

text: Muhammad

text: and

text: Imams

text: words

text: and

text: deeds

text: are

text: guide

text: and

text: model

text: for

text: the

text: community

text: to

text: follow

text: as

text: result

text: they

text: must

text: be

text: free

text: from

text: error

text: and

text: sin

text: known

text: as

text: Ismah

text: or

text: infallibility

text: and

text: must

text: be

text: chosen

text: by

text: divine

text: decree

text: or

text: nass

text: through

text: the

text: Prophet

text: Ayatollah Mohammad Bahr al - Ulloum ( Arabic :      ; 17 December 1927 -- 7 April 2015 ) was a Twelver Shi'a Islamic leader and politician in Iraq . He died of natural causes in 2015 . Al - Ulloum was a longtime opponent of the rule of Saddam Hussein . By 1992 he had moved to London where he opposed Saddam 's rule for many years . He was an active member of London 's Shi'a community and was the head of AhlulBayt Centre in South London . In November 1992 , at the Salahuddin gathering , within the safety of the southern air exclusion zone , along with Masoud Barzani and Colonel Hassan al - Naqib , he was one of the three men to be appointed to the presidential council by the Iraqi National Congress . Mohammad al - Ulloum continued to live in London prior to the 2003 Iraq invasion . After the United States deposed Saddam Hussein in 2003 , as part of Operation Iraqi Freedom , al - Ulloum was appointed to the Iraq interim governing council . He agreed to participate in the interim government and was appointed to the nine - member rotating presidency . He was the first president of the council , in an interim capacity , serving in that position from July 13 , 2003 , until August 1 , 2003 . In August 2003 , Mohammed Baqir al - Hakim , a friend of al - Ulloum , was killed in a car bombing . Shortly after , al - Ulloum announced his voluntary suspension from the council , citing the failure of the council 's ability to maintain law and order in post-war Iraq . He later returned to the council , and became president again on March 1 , 2004 , serving until April 1 , 2004 . He is the father of Ibrahim Mohammad Bahr al - Ulloum , Oil Minister of Iraq from September 2003 to June 2004 , and again during 2005 .

text: Ayatollah

text: Mohammad

text: Bahr

text: al

text: Ulloum

text: Arabic

text: December

text: April

text: was

text: Twelver

text: Shi'a

text: Islamic

text: leader

text: and

text: politician

text: in

text: Iraq

text: He

text: died

text: of

text: natural

text: causes

text: in

text: Al

text: Ulloum

text: was

text: longtime

text: opponent

text: of

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: By

text: he

text: had

text: moved

text: to

text: London

text: where

text: he

text: opposed

text: Saddam

text: 's

text: rule

text: for

text: many

text: years

text: He

text: was

text: an

text: active

text: member

text: of

text: London

text: 's

text: Shi'a

text: community

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: AhlulBayt

text: Centre

text: in

text: South

text: London

text: In

text: November

text: at

text: the

text: Salahuddin

text: gathering

text: within

text: the

text: safety

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: air

text: exclusion

text: zone

text: along

text: with

text: Masoud

text: Barzani

text: and

text: Colonel

text: Hassan

text: al

text: Naqib

text: he

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: men

text: to

text: be

text: appointed

text: to

text: the

text: presidential

text: council

text: by

text: the

text: Iraqi

text: National

text: Congress

text: Mohammad

text: al

text: Ulloum

text: continued

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: London

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Iraq

text: invasion

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: deposed

text: Saddam

text: Hussein

text: in

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Operation

text: Iraqi

text: Freedom

text: al

text: Ulloum

text: was

text: appointed

text: to

text: the

text: Iraq

text: interim

text: governing

text: council

text: He

text: agreed

text: to

text: participate

text: in

text: the

text: interim

text: government

text: and

text: was

text: appointed

text: to

text: the

text: nine

text: member

text: rotating

text: presidency

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: council

text: in

text: an

text: interim

text: capacity

text: serving

text: in

text: that

text: position

text: from

text: July

text: until

text: August

text: In

text: August

text: Mohammed

text: Baqir

text: al

text: Hakim

text: friend

text: of

text: al

text: Ulloum

text: was

text: killed

text: in

text: car

text: bombing

text: Shortly

text: after

text: al

text: Ulloum

text: announced

text: his

text: voluntary

text: suspension

text: from

text: the

text: council

text: citing

text: the

text: failure

text: of

text: the

text: council

text: 's

text: ability

text: to

text: maintain

text: law

text: and

text: order

text: in

text: post

text: war

text: Iraq

text: He

text: later

text: returned

text: to

text: the

text: council

text: and

text: became

text: president

text: again

text: on

text: March

text: serving

text: until

text: April

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: Ibrahim

text: Mohammad

text: Bahr

text: al

text: Ulloum

text: Oil

text: Minister

text: of

text: Iraq

text: from

text: September

text: to

text: June

text: and

text: again

text: during

text: Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who serves as the focal point for the religion. It is the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion followers, or 33% of the global population, known as Christians. Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity whose coming as the Messiah (the Christ) was prophesied in the Old Testament.

text: Christianity

text: is

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: life

text: and

text: teachings

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: who

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: focal

text: point

text: for

text: the

text: religion

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: religion

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: followers

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: known

text: as

text: Christians

text: Christians

text: believe

text: that

text: Jesus

text: is

text: the

text: Son

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: the

text: savior

text: of

text: humanity

text: whose

text: coming

text: as

text: the

text: Messiah

text: the

text: Christ

text: was

text: prophesied

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: Testament

text: A hadith (or  plural: ahadith, ) is one of various reports describing the words, actions, or habits of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The term comes from Arabic meaning a "report", "account" or "narrative". Hadith are second only to the Quran in developing Islamic jurisprudence, and regarded as important tools for understanding the Quran and commentaries ("tafsir") written on it. Some important elements of traditional Islam, such as the five salat prayers, are mentioned in hadith.

text: hadith

text: or

text: plural

text: ahadith

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: various

text: reports

text: describing

text: the

text: words

text: actions

text: or

text: habits

text: of

text: the

text: Islamic

text: prophet

text: Muhammad

text: The

text: term

text: comes

text: from

text: Arabic

text: meaning

text: report

text: account

text: or

text: narrative

text: Hadith

text: are

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: Quran

text: in

text: developing

text: Islamic

text: jurisprudence

text: and

text: regarded

text: as

text: important

text: tools

text: for

text: understanding

text: the

text: Quran

text: and

text: commentaries

text: tafsir

text: written

text: on

text: it

text: Some

text: important

text: elements

text: of

text: traditional

text: Islam

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: five

text: salat

text: prayers

text: are

text: mentioned

text: in

text: hadith

text: The Yazidis (also Yezidis, "Êzidî") are an ethnically Kurdish religious community or an ethno-religious group indigenous to northern Mesopotamia (see also Ezidkhan) who are strictly endogamous. Their religion, "Yazidism" is linked to ancient Mesopotamian religions and combines aspects of Zoroastrianism, Islam, Christianity and Judaism. Yazidis who marry non-Yazidis are automatically considered to be converted to the religion of their spouse and therefore are not permitted to call themselves Yazidis. They live primarily in the Nineveh Province of Iraq. Additional communities in Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, Iran, and Syria have been in decline since the 1990s as a result of significant migration to Europe, especially to Germany. The Yazidis' cultural practices are observably Kurdish, and almost all speak Kurmanji (Northern Kurdish). The Soviet Union considered the Yazidis to be Kurds, as does Sharaf Khan Bidlisi's "Sheref-nameh" of 1597, which cites seven of the Kurdish tribes as being at least partly Yazidi, and Kurdish tribal confederations as containing substantial Yazidi sections.

text: The

text: Yazidis

text: also

text: Yezidis

text: Êzidî

text: are

text: an

text: ethnically

text: Kurdish

text: religious

text: community

text: or

text: an

text: ethno

text: religious

text: group

text: indigenous

text: to

text: northern

text: Mesopotamia

text: see

text: also

text: Ezidkhan

text: who

text: are

text: strictly

text: endogamous

text: Their

text: religion

text: Yazidism

text: is

text: linked

text: to

text: ancient

text: Mesopotamian

text: religions

text: and

text: combines

text: aspects

text: of

text: Zoroastrianism

text: Islam

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Judaism

text: Yazidis

text: who

text: marry

text: non

text: Yazidis

text: are

text: automatically

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: converted

text: to

text: the

text: religion

text: of

text: their

text: spouse

text: and

text: therefore

text: are

text: not

text: permitted

text: to

text: call

text: themselves

text: Yazidis

text: They

text: live

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: Nineveh

text: Province

text: of

text: Iraq

text: Additional

text: communities

text: in

text: Armenia

text: Georgia

text: Turkey

text: Iran

text: and

text: Syria

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: decline

text: since

text: the

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: significant

text: migration

text: to

text: Europe

text: especially

text: to

text: Germany

text: The

text: Yazidis

text: cultural

text: practices

text: are

text: observably

text: Kurdish

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: speak

text: Kurmanji

text: Northern

text: Kurdish

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: considered

text: the

text: Yazidis

text: to

text: be

text: Kurds

text: as

text: does

text: Sharaf

text: Khan

text: Bidlisi

text: 's

text: Sheref

text: nameh

text: of

text: which

text: cites

text: seven

text: of

text: the

text: Kurdish

text: tribes

text: as

text: being

text: at

text: least

text: partly

text: Yazidi

text: and

text: Kurdish

text: tribal

text: confederations

text: as

text: containing

text: substantial

text: Yazidi

text: sections

question: religion mohammad bahr al-ulloum

answer: shia islam

text: shia islam

text: shia islam

text: shia islam

text: shia islam


text: Lumbin (Nepali and Sanskrit: , "the lovely") is a Buddhist pilgrimage site in the Rupandehi District of Nepal. It is the place where, according to Buddhist tradition, Queen Mayadevi gave birth to Siddhartha Gautama in 563 BCE. Gautama, who achieved Enlightenment some time around 528 BCE, became the Gautama Buddha and founded Buddhism. Lumbini is one of many magnets for pilgrimage that sprang up in places pivotal to the life of Gautama Buddha.

text: Lumbin

text: Nepali

text: and

text: Sanskrit

text: the

text: lovely

text: is

text: Buddhist

text: pilgrimage

text: site

text: in

text: the

text: Rupandehi

text: District

text: of

text: Nepal

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: place

text: where

text: according

text: to

text: Buddhist

text: tradition

text: Queen

text: Mayadevi

text: gave

text: birth

text: to

text: Siddhartha

text: Gautama

text: in

text: BCE

text: Gautama

text: who

text: achieved

text: Enlightenment

text: some

text: time

text: around

text: BCE

text: became

text: the

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: and

text: founded

text: Buddhism

text: Lumbini

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: many

text: magnets

text: for

text: pilgrimage

text: that

text: sprang

text: up

text: in

text: places

text: pivotal

text: to

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: Kathmandu (Nepali pronunciation: ) is the capital city of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, the largest Himalayan state in Asia. It is the largest metropolis in Nepal, with a population of 1.4 million in the city proper, and 5 million in its urban agglomeration across the Kathmandu Valley, which includes the towns of Lalitpur, Kirtipur, Madhyapur Thimi and Bhaktapur. Kathmandu is also the largest metropolis in the Himalayan hill region.

text: Kathmandu

text: Nepali

text: pronunciation

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nepal

text: the

text: largest

text: Himalayan

text: state

text: in

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: in

text: Nepal

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: proper

text: and

text: million

text: in

text: its

text: urban

text: agglomeration

text: across

text: the

text: Kathmandu

text: Valley

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: towns

text: of

text: Lalitpur

text: Kirtipur

text: Madhyapur

text: Thimi

text: and

text: Bhaktapur

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: in

text: the

text: Himalayan

text: hill

text: region

text: Gautama Buddha (c. 563 BCE/480 BCE  c. 483 BCE/400 BCE), also known as Siddhrtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of "Buddha", was an ascetic (ramaa) and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. He is believed to have lived and taught mostly in the eastern part of ancient India sometime between the sixth and fourth centuries BCE.

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: BCE

text: BCE

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Siddhrtha

text: Gautama

text: Shakyamuni

text: Buddha

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: Buddha

text: after

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: Buddha

text: was

text: an

text: ascetic

text: ramaa

text: and

text: sage

text: on

text: whose

text: teachings

text: Buddhism

text: was

text: founded

text: He

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: lived

text: and

text: taught

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: ancient

text: India

text: sometime

text: between

text: the

text: sixth

text: and

text: fourth

text: centuries

text: BCE

text: Mount Everest, also known in Nepal as Sagarmth and in China as Chomolungma/, is earth's highest mountain. Its peak is above sea level. Mount Everest is in the Mahalangur Range. The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across Everest's summit point. Its massif includes neighbouring peaks Lhotse, ; Nuptse, , and Changtse, .

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: Nepal

text: as

text: Sagarmth

text: and

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: Chomolungma/

text: is

text: earth

text: 's

text: highest

text: mountain

text: Its

text: peak

text: is

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Mahalangur

text: Range

text: The

text: international

text: border

text: between

text: China

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: and

text: Nepal

text: runs

text: across

text: Everest

text: 's

text: summit

text: point

text: Its

text: massif

text: includes

text: neighbouring

text: peaks

text: Lhotse

text: Nuptse

text: and

text: Changtse

text: Sikkim is a northeastern state of India. It borders China in its north and east, Bhutan in its east, Nepal in its west and the Indian state of West Bengal in its south. Sikkim is also located close to the Siliguri Corridor near Bangladesh. Sikkim is the least populous and second smallest among the Indian states. A part of the Eastern Himalaya, Sikkim is notable for its biodiversity, including alpine and subtropical climates, as well as being a host to Kanchenjunga, the highest peak in India and third highest on Earth. Sikkim's capital and largest city is Gangtok. Almost 25% of the state is covered by the Khangchendzonga National Park.

text: Sikkim

text: is

text: northeastern

text: state

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: borders

text: China

text: in

text: its

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Bhutan

text: in

text: its

text: east

text: Nepal

text: in

text: its

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: West

text: Bengal

text: in

text: its

text: south

text: Sikkim

text: is

text: also

text: located

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Siliguri

text: Corridor

text: near

text: Bangladesh

text: Sikkim

text: is

text: the

text: least

text: populous

text: and

text: second

text: smallest

text: among

text: the

text: Indian

text: states

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Himalaya

text: Sikkim

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: its

text: biodiversity

text: including

text: alpine

text: and

text: subtropical

text: climates

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: being

text: host

text: to

text: Kanchenjunga

text: the

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: India

text: and

text: third

text: highest

text: on

text: Earth

text: Sikkim

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Gangtok

text: Almost

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: covered

text: by

text: the

text: Khangchendzonga

text: National

text: Park

text: Siddharthanagar (formerly called Bhairahawa) municipality is headquarter of Rupandehi District on the Outer Terai plains of Nepal, west of Kathmandu Nepal's capital. Siddharthanagar is the administrative headquarters of Rupandehi District. It is known as "Gateway of Lumbini." Lumbini, the birthplace of Gautama Buddha is 25 km to the west. Bhairahawa is under the administration of Siddharthanagar nagarpalika (municipality) so often known as Siddharthanagar.

text: Siddharthanagar

text: formerly

text: called

text: Bhairahawa

text: municipality

text: is

text: headquarter

text: of

text: Rupandehi

text: District

text: on

text: the

text: Outer

text: Terai

text: plains

text: of

text: Nepal

text: west

text: of

text: Kathmandu

text: Nepal

text: 's

text: capital

text: Siddharthanagar

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: headquarters

text: of

text: Rupandehi

text: District

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Gateway

text: of

text: Lumbini

text: Lumbini

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: Gautama

text: Buddha

text: is

text: km

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bhairahawa

text: is

text: under

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: Siddharthanagar

text: nagarpalika

text: municipality

text: so

text: often

text: known

text: as

text: Siddharthanagar

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: Bhutan ('), officially the Kingdom of Bhutan ('), is a landlocked country and the smallest state in Asia to be located entirely within the Himalaya mountain range. Located in the Eastern Himalayas, it is bordered by China in the north and India in the south. Bhutan lacks a border with nearby Nepal due to the Indian state of Sikkim and with Bangladesh due to the Indian states of West Bengal and Assam. Bhutan is geopolitically in South Asia and is the region's second least populous nation after the Maldives. Thimphu is its capital and largest city, while Phuntsholing is its financial center.

text: Bhutan

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Bhutan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: smallest

text: state

text: in

text: Asia

text: to

text: be

text: located

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Himalaya

text: mountain

text: range

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Himalayas

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bhutan

text: lacks

text: border

text: with

text: nearby

text: Nepal

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Sikkim

text: and

text: with

text: Bangladesh

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: states

text: of

text: West

text: Bengal

text: and

text: Assam

text: Bhutan

text: is

text: geopolitically

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: second

text: least

text: populous

text: nation

text: after

text: the

text: Maldives

text: Thimphu

text: is

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: while

text: Phuntsholing

text: is

text: its

text: financial

text: center

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Bangladesh ( , "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (  "Gônôprôjatôntri Bangladesh"), is a country in South Asia. It shares land borders with India and Myanmar (Burma). Nepal, Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it. The country's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous country. Dhaka is its capital and largest city, followed by Chittagong which has the country's largest port.

text: Bangladesh

text: The

text: country

text: of

text: Bengal

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Bangladesh

text: Gônôprôjatôntri

text: Bangladesh

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: India

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: Nepal

text: Bhutan

text: and

text: China

text: are

text: located

text: near

text: Bangladesh

text: but

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: border

text: with

text: it

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: maritime

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: is

text: roughly

text: equal

text: to

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: area

text: Bangladesh

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: eighth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: Dhaka

text: is

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: followed

text: by

text: Chittagong

text: which

text: has

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: port

text: Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia. It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area. Bordering China in the north and India in the south, east, and west, it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state. Nepal does not border Bangladesh, which is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip. It neither borders Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest city. It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language.

text: Nepal

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nepal

text: is

text: landlocked

text: central

text: Himalayan

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: Bordering

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: Himalayan

text: state

text: Nepal

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Bangladesh

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: within

text: only

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: its

text: southeastern

text: tip

text: It

text: neither

text: borders

text: Bhutan

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Sikkim

text: being

text: located

text: in

text: between

text: Nepal

text: has

text: diverse

text: geography

text: including

text: fertile

text: plains

text: subalpine

text: forested

text: hills

text: and

text: eight

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: ten

text: tallest

text: mountains

text: including

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: on

text: Earth

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: It

text: is

text: multiethnic

text: nation

text: with

text: Nepali

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: South Asia or Southern Asia is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east. Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush. South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.

text: South

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southern

text: Asia

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: which

text: comprises

text: the

text: sub

text: Himalayan

text: SAARC

text: countries

text: and

text: for

text: some

text: authorities

text: adjoining

text: countries

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: east

text: Topographically

text: it

text: is

text: dominated

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Plate

text: which

text: rises

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: as

text: Nepal

text: and

text: northern

text: parts

text: of

text: India

text: situated

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: and

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: South

text: Asia

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: and

text: on

text: land

text: clockwise

text: from

text: west

text: by

text: West

text: Asia

text: Central

text: Asia

text: East

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Rupandehi District ( Nepali :   Listen , a part of Lumbini Zone , is one of the seventy - five districts of Nepal and covers an area of 1,360 km² . The district headquarters is Siddharthanagar . In 2001 this district had a population of 708,419 .

text: Rupandehi

text: District

text: Nepali

text: Listen

text: part

text: of

text: Lumbini

text: Zone

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seventy

text: five

text: districts

text: of

text: Nepal

text: and

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: The

text: district

text: headquarters

text: is

text: Siddharthanagar

text: In

text: this

text: district

text: had

text: population

text: of

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of rupandehi district

answer: district of nepal

text: district of nepal


text: The Honey Dreamers was a singing group composed of 3 males and two females that appeared on radio and early television programs like CBS 's Faye Emerson 's Wonderful Town and The Ed Sullivan Show . The group was formed at St. Olaf College in 1946 by Keith Textor and his roommate Dick Larson , who introduced Keith to Sylvia Mikelson . Textor led the group and was responsible for the group 's intricate harmonies Their manager , at one point , was Art Ward .

text: The

text: Honey

text: Dreamers

text: was

text: singing

text: group

text: composed

text: of

text: males

text: and

text: two

text: females

text: that

text: appeared

text: on

text: radio

text: and

text: early

text: television

text: programs

text: like

text: CBS

text: 's

text: Faye

text: Emerson

text: 's

text: Wonderful

text: Town

text: and

text: The

text: Ed

text: Sullivan

text: Show

text: The

text: group

text: was

text: formed

text: at

text: St.

text: Olaf

text: College

text: in

text: by

text: Keith

text: Textor

text: and

text: his

text: roommate

text: Dick

text: Larson

text: who

text: introduced

text: Keith

text: to

text: Sylvia

text: Mikelson

text: Textor

text: led

text: the

text: group

text: and

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: intricate

text: harmonies

text: Their

text: manager

text: at

text: one

text: point

text: was

text: Art

text: Ward

text: Edward Vincent Sullivan (September 28, 1901  October 13, 1974) was an American television personality, sports and entertainment reporter, and longtime syndicated columnist for the "New York Daily News". He is principally remembered as the creator and host of the television variety program "The Toast of the Town", later popularlyand, eventually, officiallyrenamed "The Ed Sullivan Show". Broadcast for 23 years from 1948 to 1971, it set a record as the longest-running variety show in US broadcast history. "It was, by almost any measure, the last great TV show," proclaimed television critic David Hinckley. "It's one of our fondest, dearest pop culture memories."

text: Edward

text: Vincent

text: Sullivan

text: September

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: personality

text: sports

text: and

text: entertainment

text: reporter

text: and

text: longtime

text: syndicated

text: columnist

text: for

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Daily

text: News

text: He

text: is

text: principally

text: remembered

text: as

text: the

text: creator

text: and

text: host

text: of

text: the

text: television

text: variety

text: program

text: The

text: Toast

text: of

text: the

text: Town

text: later

text: popularlyand

text: eventually

text: officiallyrenamed

text: The

text: Ed

text: Sullivan

text: Show

text: Broadcast

text: for

text: years

text: from

text: to

text: it

text: set

text: record

text: as

text: the

text: longest

text: running

text: variety

text: show

text: in

text: US

text: broadcast

text: history

text: It

text: was

text: by

text: almost

text: any

text: measure

text: the

text: last

text: great

text: TV

text: show

text: proclaimed

text: television

text: critic

text: David

text: Hinckley

text: It

text: 's

text: one

text: of

text: our

text: fondest

text: dearest

text: pop

text: culture

text: memories

text: The Ed Sullivan Show is an American TV variety show that ran on CBS from Sunday June 20, 1948, to Sunday June 6, 1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan. It was replaced in September 1971 by the "CBS Sunday Night Movie", a single season failure.

text: The

text: Ed

text: Sullivan

text: Show

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: TV

text: variety

text: show

text: that

text: ran

text: on

text: CBS

text: from

text: Sunday

text: June

text: to

text: Sunday

text: June

text: and

text: was

text: hosted

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: entertainment

text: columnist

text: Ed

text: Sullivan

text: It

text: was

text: replaced

text: in

text: September

text: by

text: the

text: CBS

text: Sunday

text: Night

text: Movie

text: single

text: season

text: failure

text: CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major production facilities and operations in New York City (at the CBS Broadcast Center) and Los Angeles (at CBS Television City and the CBS Studio Center).

text: CBS

text: an

text: initialism

text: of

text: the

text: network

text: 's

text: former

text: name

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Broadcasting

text: System

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: commercial

text: broadcast

text: television

text: network

text: that

text: is

text: flagship

text: property

text: of

text: CBS

text: Corporation

text: The

text: company

text: is

text: headquartered

text: at

text: the

text: CBS

text: Building

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: major

text: production

text: facilities

text: and

text: operations

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: at

text: the

text: CBS

text: Broadcast

text: Center

text: and

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: at

text: CBS

text: Television

text: City

text: and

text: the

text: CBS

text: Studio

text: Center

text: A variety show, also known as variety arts or variety entertainment, is entertainment made up of a variety of acts (hence the name), especially musical performances and sketch comedy, and is normally introduced by a compère (master of ceremonies) or host. Other types of acts include magic, animal and circus acts, acrobatics, juggling, and ventriloquism. The variety format made its way from Victorian era stage to radio to television. Variety shows were a staple of anglophone television from its early days (late 1940s) into the 1980s.

text: variety

text: show

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: variety

text: arts

text: or

text: variety

text: entertainment

text: is

text: entertainment

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: variety

text: of

text: acts

text: hence

text: the

text: name

text: especially

text: musical

text: performances

text: and

text: sketch

text: comedy

text: and

text: is

text: normally

text: introduced

text: by

text: compère

text: master

text: of

text: ceremonies

text: or

text: host

text: Other

text: types

text: of

text: acts

text: include

text: magic

text: animal

text: and

text: circus

text: acts

text: acrobatics

text: juggling

text: and

text: ventriloquism

text: The

text: variety

text: format

text: made

text: its

text: way

text: from

text: Victorian

text: era

text: stage

text: to

text: radio

text: to

text: television

text: Variety

text: shows

text: were

text: staple

text: of

text: anglophone

text: television

text: from

text: its

text: early

text: days

text: late

text: into

text: the

annotations: likely multiple

question: genre the honey dreamers

answer: pop

text: pop


text: Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.

text: Belgium

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: France

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: which

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Straddling

text: the

text: cultural

text: boundary

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Latin

text: Europe

text: Belgium

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: main

text: linguistic

text: groups

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Flemish

text: community

text: which

text: constitutes

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Walloon

text: population

text: which

text: comprises

text: of

text: all

text: Belgians

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Cantons

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: High

text: Fens

text: area

text: and

text: bordering

text: Germany

text: Faust: The Second Part of the Tragedy, is the second part of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's "Faust". It was published in 1832, the year of Goethe's death. Because of its complexity in form and content, it is usually not read in German schools, although the first part commonly is.

text: Faust

text: The

text: Second

text: Part

text: of

text: the

text: Tragedy

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: of

text: Johann

text: Wolfgang

text: von

text: Goethe

text: 's

text: Faust

text: It

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: of

text: Goethe

text: 's

text: death

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: complexity

text: in

text: form

text: and

text: content

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: not

text: read

text: in

text: German

text: schools

text: although

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: commonly

text: is

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: A protagonist is the main character in any story, such as a literary work or drama.

text: protagonist

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: character

text: in

text: any

text: story

text: such

text: as

text: literary

text: work

text: or

text: drama

text: Literature, in its broadest sense, is any single body of written works. More restrictively, it is writing considered as an art form, or any single writing deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, often due to deploying language in ways that differ from ordinary usage. Its Latin root "literatura"/"litteratura" (derived itself from "littera": "letter" or "handwriting") was used to refer to all written accounts, though contemporary definitions extend the term to include texts that are spoken or sung (oral literature). Literature can be classified according to whether it is fiction or non-fiction and whether it is poetry or prose; it can be further distinguished according to major forms such as the novel, short story or drama; and works are often categorized according to historical periods or their adherence to certain aesthetic features or expectations (genre).

text: Literature

text: in

text: its

text: broadest

text: sense

text: is

text: any

text: single

text: body

text: of

text: written

text: works

text: More

text: restrictively

text: it

text: is

text: writing

text: considered

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: or

text: any

text: single

text: writing

text: deemed

text: to

text: have

text: artistic

text: or

text: intellectual

text: value

text: often

text: due

text: to

text: deploying

text: language

text: in

text: ways

text: that

text: differ

text: from

text: ordinary

text: usage

text: Its

text: Latin

text: root

text: literatura"/"litteratura

text: derived

text: itself

text: from

text: littera

text: letter

text: or

text: handwriting

text: was

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: all

text: written

text: accounts

text: though

text: contemporary

text: definitions

text: extend

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: include

text: texts

text: that

text: are

text: spoken

text: or

text: sung

text: oral

text: literature

text: Literature

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: according

text: to

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: fiction

text: or

text: non

text: fiction

text: and

text: whether

text: it

text: is

text: poetry

text: or

text: prose

text: it

text: can

text: be

text: further

text: distinguished

text: according

text: to

text: major

text: forms

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: novel

text: short

text: story

text: or

text: drama

text: and

text: works

text: are

text: often

text: categorized

text: according

text: to

text: historical

text: periods

text: or

text: their

text: adherence

text: to

text: certain

text: aesthetic

text: features

text: or

text: expectations

text: genre

text: Prose is a form of language that exhibits a grammatical structure and a natural flow of speech, rather than a rhythmic structure as in traditional poetry. Where the common unit of verse is based on meter or rhyme, the common unit of prose is purely grammatical, such as a sentence or paragraph.

text: Prose

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: language

text: that

text: exhibits

text: grammatical

text: structure

text: and

text: natural

text: flow

text: of

text: speech

text: rather

text: than

text: rhythmic

text: structure

text: as

text: in

text: traditional

text: poetry

text: Where

text: the

text: common

text: unit

text: of

text: verse

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: meter

text: or

text: rhyme

text: the

text: common

text: unit

text: of

text: prose

text: is

text: purely

text: grammatical

text: such

text: as

text: sentence

text: or

text: paragraph

text: Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is inherently tied to embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated over immediate (embryology) and long (evolution) timescales. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.

text: Anatomy

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: biology

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: organisms

text: and

text: their

text: parts

text: Anatomy

text: is

text: inherently

text: tied

text: to

text: embryology

text: comparative

text: anatomy

text: evolutionary

text: biology

text: and

text: phylogeny

text: as

text: these

text: are

text: the

text: processes

text: by

text: which

text: anatomy

text: is

text: generated

text: over

text: immediate

text: embryology

text: and

text: long

text: evolution

text: timescales

text: Human

text: anatomy

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: basic

text: essential

text: sciences

text: of

text: medicine

text: Botany, also called plant science(s), plant biology or phytology, is the science of plant life and a branch of biology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who specialises in this field. The term "botany" comes from the Ancient Greek word ("botan") meaning "pasture", "grass", or "fodder"; is in turn derived from ("boskein"), "to feed" or "to graze". Traditionally, botany has also included the study of fungi and algae by mycologists and phycologists respectively, with the study of these three groups of organisms remaining within the sphere of interest of the International Botanical Congress. Nowadays, botanists study approximately 400,000 species of living organisms of which some 260,000 species are vascular plants and about 248,000 are flowering plants.

text: Botany

text: also

text: called

text: plant

text: science(s

text: plant

text: biology

text: or

text: phytology

text: is

text: the

text: science

text: of

text: plant

text: life

text: and

text: branch

text: of

text: biology

text: botanist

text: or

text: plant

text: scientist

text: is

text: scientist

text: who

text: specialises

text: in

text: this

text: field

text: The

text: term

text: botany

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: word

text: botan

text: meaning

text: pasture

text: grass

text: or

text: fodder

text: is

text: in

text: turn

text: derived

text: from

text: boskein

text: to

text: feed

text: or

text: to

text: graze

text: Traditionally

text: botany

text: has

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: fungi

text: and

text: algae

text: by

text: mycologists

text: and

text: phycologists

text: respectively

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: these

text: three

text: groups

text: of

text: organisms

text: remaining

text: within

text: the

text: sphere

text: of

text: interest

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Botanical

text: Congress

text: Nowadays

text: botanists

text: study

text: approximately

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: organisms

text: of

text: which

text: some

text: species

text: are

text: vascular

text: plants

text: and

text: about

text: are

text: flowering

text: plants

text: Walpurgis Night is the English translation of , one of the Dutch and German names for the night of 30 April, so called because it is the eve of the feast day of Saint Walpurga, an 8th-century abbess in Francia. In Germanic folklore, Walpurgisnacht, also called ", literally "Witches' Night", is believed to be the night of a witches' meeting on the Brocken, the highest peak in the Harz Mountains, a range of wooded hills in central Germany between the rivers Weser and Elbe. The first known written occurrence of the English translation "Walpurgis Night" is from the 19th century. Local variants of Walpurgis Night are observed throughout Europe in the Netherlands, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Sweden, Lithuania, Latvia, Finland, and Estonia.

text: Walpurgis

text: Night

text: is

text: the

text: English

text: translation

text: of

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: and

text: German

text: names

text: for

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: April

text: so

text: called

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eve

text: of

text: the

text: feast

text: day

text: of

text: Saint

text: Walpurga

text: an

text: century

text: abbess

text: in

text: Francia

text: In

text: Germanic

text: folklore

text: Walpurgisnacht

text: also

text: called

text: literally

text: Witches

text: Night

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: night

text: of

text: witches

text: meeting

text: on

text: the

text: Brocken

text: the

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: Harz

text: Mountains

text: range

text: of

text: wooded

text: hills

text: in

text: central

text: Germany

text: between

text: the

text: rivers

text: Weser

text: and

text: Elbe

text: The

text: first

text: known

text: written

text: occurrence

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: translation

text: Walpurgis

text: Night

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: Local

text: variants

text: of

text: Walpurgis

text: Night

text: are

text: observed

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Slovenia

text: Sweden

text: Lithuania

text: Latvia

text: Finland

text: and

text: Estonia

text: A potion (from Latin "potio" "drink") is a magical medicine, drug or poison in liquid form.

text: potion

text: from

text: Latin

text: potio

text: drink

text: is

text: magical

text: medicine

text: drug

text: or

text: poison

text: in

text: liquid

text: form

text: German literature comprises those literary texts written in the German language. This includes literature written in Germany, Austria, the German parts of Belgium and Switzerland, Liechtenstein, South Tyrol in Italy and to a lesser extent works of the German diaspora. German literature of the modern period is mostly in Standard German, but there are some currents of literature influenced to a greater or lesser degree by dialects (e.g. Alemannic).

text: German

text: literature

text: comprises

text: those

text: literary

text: texts

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: language

text: This

text: includes

text: literature

text: written

text: in

text: Germany

text: Austria

text: the

text: German

text: parts

text: of

text: Belgium

text: and

text: Switzerland

text: Liechtenstein

text: South

text: Tyrol

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: to

text: lesser

text: extent

text: works

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: diaspora

text: German

text: literature

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: is

text: mostly

text: in

text: Standard

text: German

text: but

text: there

text: are

text: some

text: currents

text: of

text: literature

text: influenced

text: to

text: greater

text: or

text: lesser

text: degree

text: by

text: dialects

text: e.g.

text: Alemannic

text:
South Tyrol (German and ), also known by its alternative Italian name Alto Adige, is an autonomous province in northern Italy. It is one of the two autonomous provinces that make up the autonomous region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. The province has an area of and a total population of 511,750 inhabitants (31.12.2011). Its capital is the city of Bolzano (German: "Bozen"; Ladin: "Balsan" or "Bulsan").
According to 2014 data based on the 2011 census, 62.3 percent of the population speaks German (Standard German in the written norm and an Austro-Bavarian dialect in the spoken form); 23.4 percent of the population speaks Italian, mainly in and around the two largest cities (Bolzano and Merano); 4.1 percent speaks Ladin, a Rhaeto-Romance language; 10.2% of the population (mainly recent immigrants) speaks another language as first language.

text: South

text: Tyrol

text: German

text: and

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: alternative

text: Italian

text: name

text: Alto

text: Adige

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: province

text: in

text: northern

text: Italy

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: autonomous

text: provinces

text: that

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: autonomous

text: region

text: of

text: Trentino

text: Alto

text: Adige

text: Südtirol

text: The

text: province

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bolzano

text: German

text: Bozen

text: Ladin

text: Balsan

text: or

text: Bulsan

text: According

text: to

text: data

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: census

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: speaks

text: German

text: Standard

text: German

text: in

text: the

text: written

text: norm

text: and

text: an

text: Austro

text: Bavarian

text: dialect

text: in

text: the

text: spoken

text: form

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: speaks

text: Italian

text: mainly

text: in

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: two

text: largest

text: cities

text: Bolzano

text: and

text: Merano

text: percent

text: speaks

text: Ladin

text: Rhaeto

text: Romance

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: mainly

text: recent

text: immigrants

text: speaks

text: another

text: language

text: as

text: first

text: language

text: Standard German (, or ) is the standardized variety of the German language used in formal contexts, and for communication between different dialect areas. It is a pluricentric Dachsprache with three codified (or "standardized") specific regional variants: German Standard German, Austrian Standard German and Swiss Standard German.

text: Standard

text: German

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: standardized

text: variety

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: language

text: used

text: in

text: formal

text: contexts

text: and

text: for

text: communication

text: between

text: different

text: dialect

text: areas

text: It

text: is

text: pluricentric

text: Dachsprache

text: with

text: three

text: codified

text: or

text: standardized

text: specific

text: regional

text: variants

text: German

text: Standard

text: German

text: Austrian

text: Standard

text: German

text: and

text: Swiss

text: Standard

text: German

text: Mephistopheles (; also "Mephistophilus, Mephistophilis, Mephostopheles, Mephisto, Mephastophilis," and other variants) is a demon featured in German folklore. He originally appeared in literature as the demon in the Faust legend, and he has since appeared in other works as a stock character.

text: Mephistopheles

text: also

text: Mephistophilus

text: Mephistophilis

text: Mephostopheles

text: Mephisto

text: Mephastophilis

text: and

text: other

text: variants

text: is

text: demon

text: featured

text: in

text: German

text: folklore

text: He

text: originally

text: appeared

text: in

text: literature

text: as

text: the

text: demon

text: in

text: the

text: Faust

text: legend

text: and

text: he

text: has

text: since

text: appeared

text: in

text: other

text: works

text: as

text: stock

text: character

text: Easter, also called Pascha "(Greek/Latin)" or Resurrection Sunday, is a festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial after his crucifixion by Romans at Calvary 30 AD. It is the culmination of the Passion of Jesus, preceded by Lent (or Great Lent), a forty-day period of fasting, prayer, and penance.

text: Easter

text: also

text: called

text: Pascha

text: Greek

text: Latin

text: or

text: Resurrection

text: Sunday

text: is

text: festival

text: and

text: holiday

text: celebrating

text: the

text: resurrection

text: of

text: Jesus

text: from

text: the

text: dead

text: described

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: Testament

text: as

text: having

text: occurred

text: on

text: the

text: third

text: day

text: of

text: his

text: burial

text: after

text: his

text: crucifixion

text: by

text: Romans

text: at

text: Calvary

text: AD

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: culmination

text: of

text: the

text: Passion

text: of

text: Jesus

text: preceded

text: by

text: Lent

text: or

text: Great

text: Lent

text: forty

text: day

text: period

text: of

text: fasting

text: prayer

text: and

text: penance

text:
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities.
The country is situated in Western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.

text: Switzerland

text: officially

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: cantons

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: authorities

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Western

text: Central

text: Europe

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Italy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: France

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: geographically

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Alps

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: spanning

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: While

text: the

text: Alps

text: occupy

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: the

text: Swiss

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: eight

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: concentrated

text: mostly

text: on

text: the

text: plateau

text: where

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: among

text: them

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: global

text: cities

text: and

text: economic

text: centres

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Geneva

text: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749  22 March 1832) was a German writer and statesman. His body of work includes epic and lyric poetry written in a variety of metres and styles; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour; and four novels. In addition, numerous literary and scientific fragments, more than 10,000 letters, and nearly 3,000 drawings by him exist.

text: Johann

text: Wolfgang

text: von

text: Goethe

text: August

text: March

text: was

text: German

text: writer

text: and

text: statesman

text: His

text: body

text: of

text: work

text: includes

text: epic

text: and

text: lyric

text: poetry

text: written

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: metres

text: and

text: styles

text: prose

text: and

text: verse

text: dramas

text: memoirs

text: an

text: autobiography

text: literary

text: and

text: aesthetic

text: criticism

text: treatises

text: on

text: botany

text: anatomy

text: and

text: colour

text: and

text: four

text: novels

text: In

text: addition

text: numerous

text: literary

text: and

text: scientific

text: fragments

text: more

text: than

text: letters

text: and

text: nearly

text: drawings

text: by

text: him

text: exist

text: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 's Faust is a tragic play in two parts usually known in English as Faust , Part One and Faust , Part Two . Although rarely staged in its entirety , it is the play with the largest audience numbers on German - language stages . Faust is Goethe 's magnum opus and considered by many to be one of the greatest works of German literature . The earliest forms of the work , known as the Urfaust , were developed between 1772 and 1775 ; however , the details of that development are not entirely clear . Urfaust has twenty - two scenes , one in prose , two largely prose and the remaining 1,441 lines in rhymed verse . The manuscript is lost , but a copy was discovered in 1886 . The first appearance of the work in print was Faust , a Fragment , published in 1790 . Goethe completed a preliminary version of what is now known as Part One in 1806 . Its publication in 1808 was followed by the revised 1828 -- 29 edition , the last to be edited by Goethe himself . Goethe finished writing Faust Part Two in 1831 . In contrast to Faust Part One , the focus here is no longer on the soul of Faust , which has been sold to the devil , but rather on social phenomena such as psychology , history and politics , in addition to mystical and philosophical topics . The second part formed the principal occupation of Goethe 's last years . It appeared only posthumously in 1832 .

text: Johann

text: Wolfgang

text: von

text: Goethe

text: 's

text: Faust

text: is

text: tragic

text: play

text: in

text: two

text: parts

text: usually

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Faust

text: Part

text: One

text: and

text: Faust

text: Part

text: Two

text: Although

text: rarely

text: staged

text: in

text: its

text: entirety

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: play

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: audience

text: numbers

text: on

text: German

text: language

text: stages

text: Faust

text: is

text: Goethe

text: 's

text: magnum

text: opus

text: and

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: works

text: of

text: German

text: literature

text: The

text: earliest

text: forms

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Urfaust

text: were

text: developed

text: between

text: and

text: however

text: the

text: details

text: of

text: that

text: development

text: are

text: not

text: entirely

text: clear

text: Urfaust

text: has

text: twenty

text: two

text: scenes

text: one

text: in

text: prose

text: two

text: largely

text: prose

text: and

text: the

text: remaining

text: lines

text: in

text: rhymed

text: verse

text: The

text: manuscript

text: is

text: lost

text: but

text: copy

text: was

text: discovered

text: in

text: The

text: first

text: appearance

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: in

text: print

text: was

text: Faust

text: Fragment

text: published

text: in

text: Goethe

text: completed

text: preliminary

text: version

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Part

text: One

text: in

text: Its

text: publication

text: in

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: revised

text: edition

text: the

text: last

text: to

text: be

text: edited

text: by

text: Goethe

text: himself

text: Goethe

text: finished

text: writing

text: Faust

text: Part

text: Two

text: in

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: Faust

text: Part

text: One

text: the

text: focus

text: here

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: on

text: the

text: soul

text: of

text: Faust

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: sold

text: to

text: the

text: devil

text: but

text: rather

text: on

text: social

text: phenomena

text: such

text: as

text: psychology

text: history

text: and

text: politics

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: mystical

text: and

text: philosophical

text: topics

text: The

text: second

text: part

text: formed

text: the

text: principal

text: occupation

text: of

text: Goethe

text: 's

text: last

text: years

text: It

text: appeared

text: only

text: posthumously

text: in

text: The Devil (from Greek:  or "diábolos" slanderer or accuser) is, according to Christianity and Islam, the primary opponent of God.

text: The

text: Devil

text: from

text: Greek

text: or

text: diábolos

text: slanderer

text: or

text: accuser

text: is

text: according

text: to

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Islam

text: the

text: primary

text: opponent

text: of

text: God

text: The poodle is a group of formal dog breeds, the Standard Poodle, Miniature Poodle and Toy Poodle. The Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) recognizes four sizes of one breed: standard, medium, miniature, and toy. Poodles exist in many coat colors. The origins of the poodles are still discussed. Most of the literature like the FCI states that the poodle descends from the old French Barbet breed, others state that the breed might come from Germany as a type of water dog. The breed was standardized in France.

text: The

text: poodle

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: formal

text: dog

text: breeds

text: the

text: Standard

text: Poodle

text: Miniature

text: Poodle

text: and

text: Toy

text: Poodle

text: The

text: Fédération

text: Cynologique

text: Internationale

text: FCI

text: recognizes

text: four

text: sizes

text: of

text: one

text: breed

text: standard

text: medium

text: miniature

text: and

text: toy

text: Poodles

text: exist

text: in

text: many

text: coat

text: colors

text: The

text: origins

text: of

text: the

text: poodles

text: are

text: still

text: discussed

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: literature

text: like

text: the

text: FCI

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: poodle

text: descends

text: from

text: the

text: old

text: French

text: Barbet

text: breed

text: others

text: state

text: that

text: the

text: breed

text: might

text: come

text: from

text: Germany

text: as

text: type

text: of

text: water

text: dog

text: The

text: breed

text: was

text: standardized

text: in

text: France

text:
Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend. He is a scholar who is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a pact with the Devil, exchanging his soul for unlimited knowledge and worldly pleasures. The Faust legend has been the basis for many literary, artistic, cinematic, and musical works that have reinterpreted it through the ages. "Faust" and the adjective
"Faustian" imply a situation in which an ambitious person surrenders moral integrity in order to achieve power and success for a delimited term.

text: Faust

text: is

text: the

text: protagonist

text: of

text: classic

text: German

text: legend

text: He

text: is

text: scholar

text: who

text: is

text: highly

text: successful

text: yet

text: dissatisfied

text: with

text: his

text: life

text: which

text: leads

text: him

text: to

text: make

text: pact

text: with

text: the

text: Devil

text: exchanging

text: his

text: soul

text: for

text: unlimited

text: knowledge

text: and

text: worldly

text: pleasures

text: The

text: Faust

text: legend

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: many

text: literary

text: artistic

text: cinematic

text: and

text: musical

text: works

text: that

text: have

text: reinterpreted

text: it

text: through

text: the

text: ages

text: Faust

text: and

text: the

text: adjective

text: Faustian

text: imply

text: situation

text: in

text: which

text: an

text: ambitious

text: person

text: surrenders

text: moral

text: integrity

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: achieve

text: power

text: and

text: success

text: for

text: delimited

text: term

text:
Faust: A Tragedy (or retrospectively "") is the first part of "Faust" by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and is considered by many as the greatest work of German literature. It was first published in 1808.
Synopsis.
The first part of "Faust" is not divided into acts, but is structured as a sequence of scenes in a variety of settings. After a dedicatory poem and a prelude in the theater, the actual plot begins with a prologue in Heaven, where the Lord challenges Mephistopheles, the Devil, that Mephistopheles cannot lead astray the Lord's favourite striving scholar, Dr. Faust. We then see Faust in his study, who, disappointed of science with natural means, attempts and fails to gain knowledge of nature and the universe by magical ones. The dejected Faust contemplates suicide, but is held back by the sounds of the beginning Easter celebrations. He joins his assistant Wagner for an Easter walk in the countryside, among the celebrating people, and is followed home by a poodle. Back in the study, the poodle transforms itself into Mephistopheles, who offers Faust a contract: he will do Faust's bidding on earth, and Faust will do the same for him in hell (if, as Faust adds in an important side clause, Mephisto can get him to be satisfied and to want a moment to last forever). Faust signs in blood, and Mephisto first takes him to Auerbach's tavern in Leipzig, where the devil plays tricks on some drunken revellers. Having then been transformed into a young man by a witch, Faust encounters Margaret (Gretchen) and she excites his desires. Through a scheme involving jewellery and Gretchen's neighbour Marthe, Mephisto brings about Faust's and Gretchen's liaison. After a period of separation, Faust seduces Gretchen, who accidentally kills her mother with a sleeping potion Faust had given her. Gretchen is pregnant, and her torment is further increased when Faust and Mephisto kill her enraged brother in a sword fight. Mephisto seeks to distract Faust by taking him to the witches' sabbath of Walpurgis Night, but Faust insists on rescuing Gretchen from the death sentence she has been given after going insane and drowning her newborn child. In the dungeon, Faust in vain tries to persuade Gretchen to follow him to freedom. At the end of the drama, as Faust and Mephisto flee the dungeon, a voice from heaven announces Gretchen's salvation.

text: Faust

text: Tragedy

text: or

text: retrospectively

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: Faust

text: by

text: Johann

text: Wolfgang

text: von

text: Goethe

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: as

text: the

text: greatest

text: work

text: of

text: German

text: literature

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: published

text: in

text: Synopsis

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: Faust

text: is

text: not

text: divided

text: into

text: acts

text: but

text: is

text: structured

text: as

text: sequence

text: of

text: scenes

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: settings

text: After

text: dedicatory

text: poem

text: and

text: prelude

text: in

text: the

text: theater

text: the

text: actual

text: plot

text: begins

text: with

text: prologue

text: in

text: Heaven

text: where

text: the

text: Lord

text: challenges

text: Mephistopheles

text: the

text: Devil

text: that

text: Mephistopheles

text: can

text: not

text: lead

text: astray

text: the

text: Lord

text: 's

text: favourite

text: striving

text: scholar

text: Dr.

text: Faust

text: We

text: then

text: see

text: Faust

text: in

text: his

text: study

text: who

text: disappointed

text: of

text: science

text: with

text: natural

text: means

text: attempts

text: and

text: fails

text: to

text: gain

text: knowledge

text: of

text: nature

text: and

text: the

text: universe

text: by

text: magical

text: ones

text: The

text: dejected

text: Faust

text: contemplates

text: suicide

text: but

text: is

text: held

text: back

text: by

text: the

text: sounds

text: of

text: the

text: beginning

text: Easter

text: celebrations

text: He

text: joins

text: his

text: assistant

text: Wagner

text: for

text: an

text: Easter

text: walk

text: in

text: the

text: countryside

text: among

text: the

text: celebrating

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: followed

text: home

text: by

text: poodle

text: Back

text: in

text: the

text: study

text: the

text: poodle

text: transforms

text: itself

text: into

text: Mephistopheles

text: who

text: offers

text: Faust

text: contract

text: he

text: will

text: do

text: Faust

text: 's

text: bidding

text: on

text: earth

text: and

text: Faust

text: will

text: do

text: the

text: same

text: for

text: him

text: in

text: hell

text: if

text: as

text: Faust

text: adds

text: in

text: an

text: important

text: side

text: clause

text: Mephisto

text: can

text: get

text: him

text: to

text: be

text: satisfied

text: and

text: to

text: want

text: moment

text: to

text: last

text: forever

text: Faust

text: signs

text: in

text: blood

text: and

text: Mephisto

text: first

text: takes

text: him

text: to

text: Auerbach

text: 's

text: tavern

text: in

text: Leipzig

text: where

text: the

text: devil

text: plays

text: tricks

text: on

text: some

text: drunken

text: revellers

text: Having

text: then

text: been

text: transformed

text: into

text: young

text: man

text: by

text: witch

text: Faust

text: encounters

text: Margaret

text: Gretchen

text: and

text: she

text: excites

text: his

text: desires

text: Through

text: scheme

text: involving

text: jewellery

text: and

text: Gretchen

text: 's

text: neighbour

text: Marthe

text: Mephisto

text: brings

text: about

text: Faust

text: 's

text: and

text: Gretchen

text: 's

text: liaison

text: After

text: period

text: of

text: separation

text: Faust

text: seduces

text: Gretchen

text: who

text: accidentally

text: kills

text: her

text: mother

text: with

text: sleeping

text: potion

text: Faust

text: had

text: given

text: her

text: Gretchen

text: is

text: pregnant

text: and

text: her

text: torment

text: is

text: further

text: increased

text: when

text: Faust

text: and

text: Mephisto

text: kill

text: her

text: enraged

text: brother

text: in

text: sword

text: fight

text: Mephisto

text: seeks

text: to

text: distract

text: Faust

text: by

text: taking

text: him

text: to

text: the

text: witches

text: sabbath

text: of

text: Walpurgis

text: Night

text: but

text: Faust

text: insists

text: on

text: rescuing

text: Gretchen

text: from

text: the

text: death

text: sentence

text: she

text: has

text: been

text: given

text: after

text: going

text: insane

text: and

text: drowning

text: her

text: newborn

text: child

text: In

text: the

text: dungeon

text: Faust

text: in

text: vain

text: tries

text: to

text: persuade

text: Gretchen

text: to

text: follow

text: him

text: to

text: freedom

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: drama

text: as

text: Faust

text: and

text: Mephisto

text: flee

text: the

text: dungeon

text: voice

text: from

text: heaven

text: announces

text: Gretchen

text: 's

text: salvation

text: Lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person. The term derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature, the lyric, which was defined by its musical accompaniment, usually on a stringed instrument known as a lyre. The term owes its importance in literary theory to the division developed by Aristotle between three broad categories of poetry: lyrical, dramatic and epic.

text: Lyric

text: poetry

text: is

text: formal

text: type

text: of

text: poetry

text: which

text: expresses

text: personal

text: emotions

text: or

text: feelings

text: typically

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: The

text: term

text: derives

text: from

text: form

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: literature

text: the

text: lyric

text: which

text: was

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: musical

text: accompaniment

text: usually

text: on

text: stringed

text: instrument

text: known

text: as

text: lyre

text: The

text: term

text: owes

text: its

text: importance

text: in

text: literary

text: theory

text: to

text: the

text: division

text: developed

text: by

text: Aristotle

text: between

text: three

text: broad

text: categories

text: of

text: poetry

text: lyrical

text: dramatic

text: and

text: epic

question: genre goethe's faust

answer: novel

text: novel