text: In Great Britain, National Rail is the trading name licensed for use by the Rail Delivery Group, an unincorporated association whose membership consists of the passenger train operating companies (TOCs) of Great Britain that run the passenger services previously provided by the British Railways Board, from 1965 using the brand name British Rail. National Rail generally does not include services that do not have a BR history; this distinction is important because National Rail services share a ticketing structure and inter-availability that do not necessarily extend to other services. The name and the accompanying double arrow symbol are the intellectual property of the Secretary of State for Transport.

text: In

text: Great

text: Britain

text: National

text: Rail

text: is

text: the

text: trading

text: name

text: licensed

text: for

text: use

text: by

text: the

text: Rail

text: Delivery

text: Group

text: an

text: unincorporated

text: association

text: whose

text: membership

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: passenger

text: train

text: operating

text: companies

text: TOCs

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: that

text: run

text: the

text: passenger

text: services

text: previously

text: provided

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Railways

text: Board

text: from

text: using

text: the

text: brand

text: name

text: British

text: Rail

text: National

text: Rail

text: generally

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: services

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: BR

text: history

text: this

text: distinction

text: is

text: important

text: because

text: National

text: Rail

text: services

text: share

text: ticketing

text: structure

text: and

text: inter

text: availability

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: necessarily

text: extend

text: to

text: other

text: services

text: The

text: name

text: and

text: the

text: accompanying

text: double

text: arrow

text: symbol

text: are

text: the

text: intellectual

text: property

text: of

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: for

text: Transport

text: The Mayor of London is an elected politician who, along with the London Assembly of 25 members, is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London. The current mayor is Sadiq Khan, who took up office on 9 May 2016. The position had been held by Ken Livingstone from the creation of the role on 4 May 2000 until he was defeated in 2008 by Boris Johnson, who served two terms before being succeeded by Khan.

text: The

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: is

text: an

text: elected

text: politician

text: who

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: of

text: members

text: is

text: accountable

text: for

text: the

text: strategic

text: government

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: The

text: current

text: mayor

text: is

text: Sadiq

text: Khan

text: who

text: took

text: up

text: office

text: on

text: May

text: The

text: position

text: had

text: been

text: held

text: by

text: Ken

text: Livingstone

text: from

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: role

text: on

text: May

text: until

text: he

text: was

text: defeated

text: in

text: by

text: Boris

text: Johnson

text: who

text: served

text: two

text: terms

text: before

text: being

text: succeeded

text: by

text: Khan

text: The Rail Delivery Group (RDG), formerly Association of Train Operating Companies (ATOC), is a body that represents the 23 train operating companies that provide passenger services on the privatised British railway system. It owns the National Rail brand. RDG is an unincorporated association owned by its members. It was set up by the train operators formed during privatisation of the railways under the Railways Act 1993. Its office is in London.

text: The

text: Rail

text: Delivery

text: Group

text: RDG

text: formerly

text: Association

text: of

text: Train

text: Operating

text: Companies

text: ATOC

text: is

text: body

text: that

text: represents

text: the

text: train

text: operating

text: companies

text: that

text: provide

text: passenger

text: services

text: on

text: the

text: privatised

text: British

text: railway

text: system

text: It

text: owns

text: the

text: National

text: Rail

text: brand

text: RDG

text: is

text: an

text: unincorporated

text: association

text: owned

text: by

text: its

text: members

text: It

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: by

text: the

text: train

text: operators

text: formed

text: during

text: privatisation

text: of

text: the

text: railways

text: under

text: the

text: Railways

text: Act

text: Its

text: office

text: is

text: in

text: London

text: The London Assembly is an elected body, part of the Greater London Authority, that scrutinises the activities of the Mayor of London and has the power, with a two-thirds majority, to amend the Mayor's annual budget and to reject the Mayor's draft statutory strategies. The assembly was established in 2000 and meets at City Hall on the South Bank of the River Thames, close to Tower Bridge. The assembly is also able to investigate other issues of importance to Londoners (transport, environmental matters, etc.), publish its findings and recommendations, and make proposals to the Mayor.

text: The

text: London

text: Assembly

text: is

text: an

text: elected

text: body

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: London

text: Authority

text: that

text: scrutinises

text: the

text: activities

text: of

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: has

text: the

text: power

text: with

text: two

text: thirds

text: majority

text: to

text: amend

text: the

text: Mayor

text: 's

text: annual

text: budget

text: and

text: to

text: reject

text: the

text: Mayor

text: 's

text: draft

text: statutory

text: strategies

text: The

text: assembly

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: meets

text: at

text: City

text: Hall

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: Bank

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: close

text: to

text: Tower

text: Bridge

text: The

text: assembly

text: is

text: also

text: able

text: to

text: investigate

text: other

text: issues

text: of

text: importance

text: to

text: Londoners

text: transport

text: environmental

text: matters

text: etc

text: publish

text: its

text: findings

text: and

text: recommendations

text: and

text: make

text: proposals

text: to

text: the

text: Mayor

text: British Railways (BR), which from 1965 traded as British Rail, was the operator of most of the rail transport in Great Britain between 1948 and 1997. It was formed from the nationalisation of the "Big Four" British railway companies and lasted until the gradual privatisation of British Rail, in stages between 1994 and 1997. Originally a trading brand of the Railway Executive of the British Transport Commission, it became an independent statutory corporation in 1962: the British Railways Board.

text: British

text: Railways

text: BR

text: which

text: from

text: traded

text: as

text: British

text: Rail

text: was

text: the

text: operator

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: rail

text: transport

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: between

text: and

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: from

text: the

text: nationalisation

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Four

text: British

text: railway

text: companies

text: and

text: lasted

text: until

text: the

text: gradual

text: privatisation

text: of

text: British

text: Rail

text: in

text: stages

text: between

text: and

text: Originally

text: trading

text: brand

text: of

text: the

text: Railway

text: Executive

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Transport

text: Commission

text: it

text: became

text: an

text: independent

text: statutory

text: corporation

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Railways

text: Board

text: The South Bank is an entertainment and commercial district of Central London, England, next to the River Thames opposite the City of Westminster. It forms a narrow, unequal strip of riverside land within the London Borough of Lambeth and the London Borough of Southwark where it joins Bankside. As with most central London districts its edges evolve and are informally defined however its central area is bounded by Westminster Bridge and Blackfriars Bridge. Its name was adopted during the Festival of Britain over the local less attractive name of 'Lambeth Marsh'; it includes the County Hall, complex with the Sea Life London Aquarium, the London Dungeon, Jubilee Gardens and the London Eye, the Southbank Centre, Royal Festival Hall and National Theatre, among its long list of attractions. Both the County Hall and the Shell Centre contain major residential parts.

text: The

text: South

text: Bank

text: is

text: an

text: entertainment

text: and

text: commercial

text: district

text: of

text: Central

text: London

text: England

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: opposite

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: It

text: forms

text: narrow

text: unequal

text: strip

text: of

text: riverside

text: land

text: within

text: the

text: London

text: Borough

text: of

text: Lambeth

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Borough

text: of

text: Southwark

text: where

text: it

text: joins

text: Bankside

text: As

text: with

text: most

text: central

text: London

text: districts

text: its

text: edges

text: evolve

text: and

text: are

text: informally

text: defined

text: however

text: its

text: central

text: area

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Westminster

text: Bridge

text: and

text: Blackfriars

text: Bridge

text: Its

text: name

text: was

text: adopted

text: during

text: the

text: Festival

text: of

text: Britain

text: over

text: the

text: local

text: less

text: attractive

text: name

text: of

text: Lambeth

text: Marsh

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: County

text: Hall

text: complex

text: with

text: the

text: Sea

text: Life

text: London

text: Aquarium

text: the

text: London

text: Dungeon

text: Jubilee

text: Gardens

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Eye

text: the

text: Southbank

text: Centre

text: Royal

text: Festival

text: Hall

text: and

text: National

text: Theatre

text: among

text: its

text: long

text: list

text: of

text: attractions

text: Both

text: the

text: County

text: Hall

text: and

text: the

text: Shell

text: Centre

text: contain

text: major

text: residential

text: parts

text: The British Railways Board (BRB) was a nationalised industry in the United Kingdom that operated from 1963 to 2001. Until 1997 it was responsible for most railway services in Great Britain, trading under the brand name British Railways and, from 1965, British Rail. It did not operate railways in Northern Ireland, where railways were the responsibility of the Government of Northern Ireland.

text: The

text: British

text: Railways

text: Board

text: BRB

text: was

text: nationalised

text: industry

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: that

text: operated

text: from

text: to

text: Until

text: it

text: was

text: responsible

text: for

text: most

text: railway

text: services

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: trading

text: under

text: the

text: brand

text: name

text: British

text: Railways

text: and

text: from

text: British

text: Rail

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: operate

text: railways

text: in

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: where

text: railways

text: were

text: the

text: responsibility

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Great Britain, also known as Britain , is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , Great Britain is the largest European island and the ninth-largest in the world. In 2011 the island had a population of about 61 million people, making it the world's third-most populous island after Java in Indonesia and Honshu in Japan. The island of Ireland is situated to the west of it, and together these islands, along with over 1,000 smaller surrounding islands, comprise the British Isles archipelago.

text: Great

text: Britain

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Britain

text: is

text: large

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: northwest

text: coast

text: of

text: continental

text: Europe

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: European

text: island

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: the

text: island

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: after

text: Java

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: Honshu

text: in

text: Japan

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: situated

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: it

text: and

text: together

text: these

text: islands

text: along

text: with

text: over

text: smaller

text: surrounding

text: islands

text: comprise

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: archipelago

text: London TravelWatch is a statutory British consumer organisation that campaigns for improvements to transport in London . It is the transport watchdog for services provided by Transport for London , which includes facilities for pedestrians , cyclists , and motorists . It is also the watchdog for National Rail companies in the London area and significant parts of the South East . It also deals with individual complaints by passengers against the relevant transport operators . However , it takes up a complaint only after the operator has already dealt with it , if the complainant remains dissatisfied . It is therefore in consumer representation terms an `` appeals body '' . It is funded by the London Assembly and was established in its current form in July 2000 .

text: London

text: TravelWatch

text: is

text: statutory

text: British

text: consumer

text: organisation

text: that

text: campaigns

text: for

text: improvements

text: to

text: transport

text: in

text: London

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: transport

text: watchdog

text: for

text: services

text: provided

text: by

text: Transport

text: for

text: London

text: which

text: includes

text: facilities

text: for

text: pedestrians

text: cyclists

text: and

text: motorists

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: watchdog

text: for

text: National

text: Rail

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: London

text: area

text: and

text: significant

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: It

text: also

text: deals

text: with

text: individual

text: complaints

text: by

text: passengers

text: against

text: the

text: relevant

text: transport

text: operators

text: However

text: it

text: takes

text: up

text: complaint

text: only

text: after

text: the

text: operator

text: has

text: already

text: dealt

text: with

text: it

text: if

text: the

text: complainant

text: remains

text: dissatisfied

text: It

text: is

text: therefore

text: in

text: consumer

text: representation

text: terms

text: an

text: appeals

text: body

text: It

text: is

text: funded

text: by

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: and

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: its

text: current

text: form

text: in

text: July

text: The River Thames is a river that flows through southern England. At , it is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. It also flows through Oxford (where it is called Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway, derived from its long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock. It rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire, and flows into the North Sea via the Thames Estuary. The Thames drains the whole of Greater London.

text: The

text: River

text: Thames

text: is

text: river

text: that

text: flows

text: through

text: southern

text: England

text: At

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: river

text: entirely

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: after

text: the

text: River

text: Severn

text: It

text: also

text: flows

text: through

text: Oxford

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: Isis

text: Reading

text: Henley

text: on

text: Thames

text: and

text: Windsor

text: The

text: lower

text: reaches

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: are

text: called

text: the

text: Tideway

text: derived

text: from

text: its

text: long

text: tidal

text: reach

text: up

text: to

text: Teddington

text: Lock

text: It

text: rises

text: at

text: Thames

text: Head

text: in

text: Gloucestershire

text: and

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: via

text: the

text: Thames

text: Estuary

text: The

text: Thames

text: drains

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: The City of Westminster is an Inner London borough which also holds city status. It occupies much of the central area of Greater London including most of the West End. It is to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It was created with the 1965 establishment of Greater London. Upon creation, Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: is

text: an

text: Inner

text: London

text: borough

text: which

text: also

text: holds

text: city

text: status

text: It

text: occupies

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: central

text: area

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: including

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: End

text: It

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: and

text: adjoining

text: the

text: ancient

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Borough

text: of

text: Kensington

text: and

text: Chelsea

text: and

text: its

text: southern

text: boundary

text: is

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: Greater

text: London

text: Upon

text: creation

text: Westminster

text: was

text: awarded

text: city

text: status

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: previously

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: smaller

text: Metropolitan

text: Borough

text: of

text: Westminster

text: Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London built in 18861894. The bridge crosses the River Thames close to the Tower of London and has become an iconic symbol of London. Tower Bridge is one of five London bridges now owned and maintained by the Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust overseen by the City of London Corporation. It is the only one of the Trust's bridges not to connect the City of London directly to the Southwark bank, as its northern landfall is in Tower Hamlets.

text: Tower

text: Bridge

text: is

text: combined

text: bascule

text: and

text: suspension

text: bridge

text: in

text: London

text: built

text: in

text: The

text: bridge

text: crosses

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Tower

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: has

text: become

text: an

text: iconic

text: symbol

text: of

text: London

text: Tower

text: Bridge

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: London

text: bridges

text: now

text: owned

text: and

text: maintained

text: by

text: the

text: Bridge

text: House

text: Estates

text: charitable

text: trust

text: overseen

text: by

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: Corporation

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Trust

text: 's

text: bridges

text: not

text: to

text: connect

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: Southwark

text: bank

text: as

text: its

text: northern

text: landfall

text: is

text: in

text: Tower

text: Hamlets

text: The Greater London Authority (GLA) is a top-tier administrative body for Greater London, England. It consists of a directly elected executive Mayor of London, currently Sadiq Khan, and an elected 25-member London Assembly with scrutiny powers. The authority was established in 2000, following a local referendum, and derives most of its powers from the Greater London Authority Act 1999 and the Greater London Authority Act 2007.

text: The

text: Greater

text: London

text: Authority

text: GLA

text: is

text: top

text: tier

text: administrative

text: body

text: for

text: Greater

text: London

text: England

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: directly

text: elected

text: executive

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: currently

text: Sadiq

text: Khan

text: and

text: an

text: elected

text: London

text: Assembly

text: with

text: scrutiny

text: powers

text: The

text: authority

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: following

text: local

text: referendum

text: and

text: derives

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: powers

text: from

text: the

text: Greater

text: London

text: Authority

text: Act

text: and

text: the

text: Greater

text: London

text: Authority

text: Act

text: Transport for London (TfL) is a local government body responsible for the transport system in Greater London, England. Its head office is in Windsor House in the City of Westminster.

text: Transport

text: for

text: London

text: TfL

text: is

text: local

text: government

text: body

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: transport

text: system

text: in

text: Greater

text: London

text: England

text: Its

text: head

text: office

text: is

text: in

text: Windsor

text: House

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

question: headquarters_location london travelwatch

answer: city of london

text: city of london

text: city of london

text: city of london


text: The octopus (or ; plural: octopuses, octopodes or octopi; see below) is a cephalopod mollusc of the order Octopoda. It has two eyes and four pairs of arms and, like other cephalopods, it is bilaterally symmetric. It has a beak, with its mouth at the center point of the arms. It has no internal or external skeleton (although some species have a vestigial remnant of a shell inside their mantles), allowing it to squeeze through tight places. Octopuses are among the most intelligent and behaviorally diverse of all invertebrates.

text: The

text: octopus

text: or

text: plural

text: octopuses

text: octopodes

text: or

text: octopi

text: see

text: below

text: is

text: cephalopod

text: mollusc

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Octopoda

text: It

text: has

text: two

text: eyes

text: and

text: four

text: pairs

text: of

text: arms

text: and

text: like

text: other

text: cephalopods

text: it

text: is

text: bilaterally

text: symmetric

text: It

text: has

text: beak

text: with

text: its

text: mouth

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: arms

text: It

text: has

text: no

text: internal

text: or

text: external

text: skeleton

text: although

text: some

text: species

text: have

text: vestigial

text: remnant

text: of

text: shell

text: inside

text: their

text: mantles

text: allowing

text: it

text: to

text: squeeze

text: through

text: tight

text: places

text: Octopuses

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: intelligent

text: and

text: behaviorally

text: diverse

text: of

text: all

text: invertebrates

text: Cuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida. They belong to the class Cephalopoda, which also includes squid, octopuses, and nautiluses. Cuttlefish have a unique internal shell, the cuttlebone. Despite their name, cuttlefish are not fish but molluscs.

text: Cuttlefish

text: are

text: marine

text: animals

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Sepiida

text: They

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: class

text: Cephalopoda

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: squid

text: octopuses

text: and

text: nautiluses

text: Cuttlefish

text: have

text: unique

text: internal

text: shell

text: the

text: cuttlebone

text: Despite

text: their

text: name

text: cuttlefish

text: are

text: not

text: fish

text: but

text: molluscs

text: Paragastrioceratidae is one of eleven families of the Neoicocerataceae superfamily. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.

text: Paragastrioceratidae

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: eleven

text: families

text: of

text: the

text: Neoicocerataceae

text: superfamily

text: They

text: are

text: an

text: extinct

text: group

text: of

text: ammonoid

text: which

text: are

text: shelled

text: cephalopods

text: related

text: to

text: squids

text: belemnites

text: octopuses

text: and

text: cuttlefish

text: and

text: more

text: distantly

text: to

text: the

text: nautiloids

text: A cephalopod (pronounced or ) is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural , "kephalópoda"; "head-feet"). These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles (muscular hydrostats) modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishermen sometimes call them inkfish, referring to their common ability to squirt ink. The study of cephalopods is a branch of malacology known as teuthology.

text: cephalopod

text: pronounced

text: or

text: is

text: any

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: molluscan

text: class

text: Cephalopoda

text: Greek

text: plural

text: kephalópoda

text: head

text: feet

text: These

text: exclusively

text: marine

text: animals

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: bilateral

text: body

text: symmetry

text: prominent

text: head

text: and

text: set

text: of

text: arms

text: or

text: tentacles

text: muscular

text: hydrostats

text: modified

text: from

text: the

text: primitive

text: molluscan

text: foot

text: Fishermen

text: sometimes

text: call

text: them

text: inkfish

text: referring

text: to

text: their

text: common

text: ability

text: to

text: squirt

text: ink

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: cephalopods

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: malacology

text: known

text: as

text: teuthology

text: Nautiloids are a large and diverse group of marine cephalopods (Mollusca) belonging to the subclass Nautiloidea that began in the Late Cambrian and are represented today by the living "Nautilus" and "Allonautilus". Nautiloids flourished during the early Paleozoic era, where they constituted the main predatory animals, and developed an extraordinary diversity of shell shapes and forms. Some 2,500 species of fossil nautiloids are known, but only a handful of species survive to the present day.

text: Nautiloids

text: are

text: large

text: and

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: marine

text: cephalopods

text: Mollusca

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: subclass

text: Nautiloidea

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Cambrian

text: and

text: are

text: represented

text: today

text: by

text: the

text: living

text: Nautilus

text: and

text: Allonautilus

text: Nautiloids

text: flourished

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: Paleozoic

text: era

text: where

text: they

text: constituted

text: the

text: main

text: predatory

text: animals

text: and

text: developed

text: an

text: extraordinary

text: diversity

text: of

text: shell

text: shapes

text: and

text: forms

text: Some

text: species

text: of

text: fossil

text: nautiloids

text: are

text: known

text: but

text: only

text: handful

text: of

text: species

text: survive

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Cuttlebone, also known as cuttlefish bone, is a hard, brittle internal structure (an internal shell) found in all members of the family Sepiidae, commonly known as cuttlefish, a family within the cephalopods.

text: Cuttlebone

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: cuttlefish

text: bone

text: is

text: hard

text: brittle

text: internal

text: structure

text: an

text: internal

text: shell

text: found

text: in

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Sepiidae

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: cuttlefish

text: family

text: within

text: the

text: cephalopods

text: The nautilus (from the Latin form of the original Ancient Greek "", 'sailor') is a pelagic marine mollusc of the cephalopod family Nautilidae, the sole extant family of the superfamily Nautilaceae and of its smaller but near equal suborder, Nautilina.

text: The

text: nautilus

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: sailor

text: is

text: pelagic

text: marine

text: mollusc

text: of

text: the

text: cephalopod

text: family

text: Nautilidae

text: the

text: sole

text: extant

text: family

text: of

text: the

text: superfamily

text: Nautilaceae

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: smaller

text: but

text: near

text: equal

text: suborder

text: Nautilina

text: Altudoceras is a genus belonging to the Pseudogastrioceratinae subfamily . They are an extinct group of ammonoid , which are shelled cephalopods related to squids , belemnites , octopuses , and cuttlefish , and more distantly to the nautiloids .

text: Altudoceras

text: is

text: genus

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Pseudogastrioceratinae

text: subfamily

text: They

text: are

text: an

text: extinct

text: group

text: of

text: ammonoid

text: which

text: are

text: shelled

text: cephalopods

text: related

text: to

text: squids

text: belemnites

text: octopuses

text: and

text: cuttlefish

text: and

text: more

text: distantly

text: to

text: the

text: nautiloids

text: Pseudogastrioceratinae is one of two subfamilies of the Paragastrioceratidae family. They are an extinct group of ammonoid, which are shelled cephalopods related to squids, belemnites, octopuses, and cuttlefish, and more distantly to the nautiloids.

text: Pseudogastrioceratinae

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: subfamilies

text: of

text: the

text: Paragastrioceratidae

text: family

text: They

text: are

text: an

text: extinct

text: group

text: of

text: ammonoid

text: which

text: are

text: shelled

text: cephalopods

text: related

text: to

text: squids

text: belemnites

text: octopuses

text: and

text: cuttlefish

text: and

text: more

text: distantly

text: to

text: the

text: nautiloids

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely single

question: parent_taxon altudoceras

answer: paragastrioceratidae

text: paragastrioceratidae

text: paragastrioceratidae


text: Edmonton is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by Alberta's central region.

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: Edmonton

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Saskatchewan

text: River

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Edmonton

text: Capital

text: Region

text: which

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: Alberta

text: 's

text: central

text: region

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

text: Toronto is the most populous city in Canada, the provincial capital of Ontario, and the centre of the Greater Toronto Area, the most populous metropolitan area in Canada. Growing in population, the 2011 census recorded a population of 2,615,060. As of 2015, the population is now estimated at 2,826,498, making Toronto the fourth-largest city in North America based on the population within its city limits. Toronto trails only Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles by this measure, while it is the fifth-largest (behind also Chicago) if ranked by the size of its metropolitan area . An established global city, Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and widely recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world.

text: Toronto

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Canada

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: Ontario

text: and

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Greater

text: Toronto

text: Area

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: Canada

text: Growing

text: in

text: population

text: the

text: census

text: recorded

text: population

text: of

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: now

text: estimated

text: at

text: making

text: Toronto

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: population

text: within

text: its

text: city

text: limits

text: Toronto

text: trails

text: only

text: Mexico

text: City

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: by

text: this

text: measure

text: while

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: behind

text: also

text: Chicago

text: if

text: ranked

text: by

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: its

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: An

text: established

text: global

text: city

text: Toronto

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: centre

text: of

text: business

text: finance

text: arts

text: and

text: culture

text: and

text: widely

text: recognized

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: multicultural

text: and

text: cosmopolitan

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In geography, regions are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and the environment (environmental geography). Geographic regions and sub-regions are mostly described by their imprecisely defined, and sometimes transitory boundaries, except in human geography, where jurisdiction areas such as national borders are defined in law.

text: In

text: geography

text: regions

text: are

text: areas

text: that

text: are

text: broadly

text: divided

text: by

text: physical

text: characteristics

text: physical

text: geography

text: human

text: impact

text: characteristics

text: human

text: geography

text: and

text: the

text: interaction

text: of

text: humanity

text: and

text: the

text: environment

text: environmental

text: geography

text: Geographic

text: regions

text: and

text: sub

text: regions

text: are

text: mostly

text: described

text: by

text: their

text: imprecisely

text: defined

text: and

text: sometimes

text: transitory

text: boundaries

text: except

text: in

text: human

text: geography

text: where

text: jurisdiction

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: national

text: borders

text: are

text: defined

text: in

text: law

text: Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec; the two form the core of the OttawaGatineau census metropolitan area (CMA) and the National Capital Region (NCR). The 2011 census reported a population of 883,391, making it the fourth-largest city in Canada; and 1,236,324 within the CMA, making it the fourth-largest CMA in Canada. The City of Ottawa reported that the city had an estimated population of 960,754 as of December 2015.

text: Ottawa

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Canada

text: It

text: stands

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Ottawa

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: portion

text: of

text: southern

text: Ontario

text: Ottawa

text: borders

text: Gatineau

text: Quebec

text: the

text: two

text: form

text: the

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: OttawaGatineau

text: census

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: CMA

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Capital

text: Region

text: NCR

text: The

text: census

text: reported

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: CMA

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: CMA

text: in

text: Canada

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Ottawa

text: reported

text: that

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: December

text: Kneehill County is a municipal district situated in Division No. 5, Alberta, central Alberta.

text: Kneehill

text: County

text: is

text: municipal

text: district

text: situated

text: in

text: Division

text: No

text: Alberta

text: central

text: Alberta

text: Acme / ækmi / is a village in south - central Alberta , Canada . It is located 83 kilometres ( 52 mi ) northeast of Calgary . It was the first village to be incorporated in Kneehill County . The name Acme is derived from the village 's railway heritage . When the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area in 1909 , the village 's station became the most northernly stop on the company 's network . The moniker Acme ( of Greek origin , meaning ' the highest point ' ) was thus applied to the community by CPR surveyors of the day . The first train arrived July 7 , 1910 and the village was incorporated that day as well .

text: Acme

text: ækmi

text: is

text: village

text: in

text: south

text: central

text: Alberta

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: northeast

text: of

text: Calgary

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: village

text: to

text: be

text: incorporated

text: in

text: Kneehill

text: County

text: The

text: name

text: Acme

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: village

text: 's

text: railway

text: heritage

text: When

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Pacific

text: Railway

text: reached

text: the

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: village

text: 's

text: station

text: became

text: the

text: most

text: northernly

text: stop

text: on

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: network

text: The

text: moniker

text: Acme

text: of

text: Greek

text: origin

text: meaning

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: was

text: thus

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: community

text: by

text: CPR

text: surveyors

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: The

text: first

text: train

text: arrived

text: July

text: and

text: the

text: village

text: was

text: incorporated

text: that

text: day

text: as

text: well

text: Montreal officially Montréal in both Canadian English and French, is the most populous municipality in Quebec and the 2nd-most populous in Canada. Originally called "Ville-Marie", or "City of Mary," it is named after Mount Royal, the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city. The city is on the Island of Montreal, which took its name from the same source as the city, and a few much smaller peripheral islands, the largest of which is Île Bizard. It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold snowy winters.

text: Montreal

text: officially

text: Montréal

text: in

text: both

text: Canadian

text: English

text: and

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: in

text: Quebec

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: Canada

text: Originally

text: called

text: Ville

text: Marie

text: or

text: City

text: of

text: Mary

text: it

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: Mount

text: Royal

text: the

text: triple

text: peaked

text: hill

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: Island

text: of

text: Montreal

text: which

text: took

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: source

text: as

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: few

text: much

text: smaller

text: peripheral

text: islands

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: Île

text: Bizard

text: It

text: has

text: distinct

text: four

text: season

text: continental

text: climate

text: with

text: warm

text: to

text: hot

text: summers

text: and

text: cold

text: snowy

text: winters

text: Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada. It is located near the longitudinal centre of North America, at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers.

text: Winnipeg

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Manitoba

text: in

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: longitudinal

text: centre

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: and

text: Assiniboine

text: Rivers

text: The Canadian Rockies comprise the Canadian segment of the North American Rocky Mountains. They are the eastern part of the Canadian Cordillera, which is a system of multiple ranges of mountains which runs from the Canadian Prairies to the Pacific Coast. The Canadian Rockies mountain system comprises the southeastern part of this system, laying between the Interior Plains of Alberta and Northeastern British Columbia on the east to the Rocky Mountain Trench of BC on the west. The southern end borders Idaho and Montana of the USA. In geographic terms the boundary is at the Canada/US border, but in geological terms it might be considered to be at Marias Pass in northern Montana. The northern end is at the Liard River in northern British Columbia.

text: The

text: Canadian

text: Rockies

text: comprise

text: the

text: Canadian

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Cordillera

text: which

text: is

text: system

text: of

text: multiple

text: ranges

text: of

text: mountains

text: which

text: runs

text: from

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Prairies

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Coast

text: The

text: Canadian

text: Rockies

text: mountain

text: system

text: comprises

text: the

text: southeastern

text: part

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: laying

text: between

text: the

text: Interior

text: Plains

text: of

text: Alberta

text: and

text: Northeastern

text: British

text: Columbia

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: to

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountain

text: Trench

text: of

text: BC

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: southern

text: end

text: borders

text: Idaho

text: and

text: Montana

text: of

text: the

text: USA

text: In

text: geographic

text: terms

text: the

text: boundary

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: Canada

text: US

text: border

text: but

text: in

text: geological

text: terms

text: it

text: might

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: at

text: Marias

text: Pass

text: in

text: northern

text: Montana

text: The

text: northern

text: end

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: Liard

text: River

text: in

text: northern

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Central Alberta is a region located in the Canadian province of Alberta.

text: Central

text: Alberta

text: is

text: region

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province.

text: Vancouver

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Vancouver

text: is

text: coastal

text: seaport

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term "tundra" comes through Russian  ("tûndra") from the Kildin Sami word "tndâr" "uplands", "treeless mountain tract". There are three types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, and Antarctic tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline.

text: In

text: physical

text: geography

text: tundra

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: biome

text: where

text: the

text: tree

text: growth

text: is

text: hindered

text: by

text: low

text: temperatures

text: and

text: short

text: growing

text: seasons

text: The

text: term

text: tundra

text: comes

text: through

text: Russian

text: tûndra

text: from

text: the

text: Kildin

text: Sami

text: word

text: tndâr

text: uplands

text: treeless

text: mountain

text: tract

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: types

text: of

text: tundra

text: Arctic

text: tundra

text: alpine

text: tundra

text: and

text: Antarctic

text: tundra

text: In

text: tundra

text: the

text: vegetation

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: dwarf

text: shrubs

text: sedges

text: and

text: grasses

text: mosses

text: and

text: lichens

text: Scattered

text: trees

text: grow

text: in

text: some

text: tundra

text: regions

text: The

text: ecotone

text: or

text: ecological

text: boundary

text: region

text: between

text: the

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: forest

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: tree

text: line

text: or

text: timberline

text: The Elbow River is a river in southern Alberta, Canada. It flows from the Canadian Rockies to the city of Calgary, where it merges into the Bow River.

text: The

text: Elbow

text: River

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: southern

text: Alberta

text: Canada

text: It

text: flows

text: from

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Rockies

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Calgary

text: where

text: it

text: merges

text: into

text: the

text: Bow

text: River

text: Division No. 5 is a census division in Alberta, Canada. It is located in the north-central portion of southern Alberta and its largest urban community is the Town of Strathmore.

text: Division

text: No

text: is

text: census

text: division

text: in

text: Alberta

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: central

text: portion

text: of

text: southern

text: Alberta

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: community

text: is

text: the

text: Town

text: of

text: Strathmore

text: The Bow River is a river in the Canadian province of Alberta. It begins in the Rocky Mountains and winds through the Alberta foothills onto the prairies where it meets the Oldman River, the two then forming the South Saskatchewan River. These waters ultimately flow through the Nelson River into Hudson Bay. The Bow River runs through the city of Calgary, taking in the Elbow River at the historic site of Fort Calgary near downtown. The Bow River pathway, developed along the river's banks, is considered a part of Calgary's self-image.

text: The

text: Bow

text: River

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: It

text: begins

text: in

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: and

text: winds

text: through

text: the

text: Alberta

text: foothills

text: onto

text: the

text: prairies

text: where

text: it

text: meets

text: the

text: Oldman

text: River

text: the

text: two

text: then

text: forming

text: the

text: South

text: Saskatchewan

text: River

text: These

text: waters

text: ultimately

text: flow

text: through

text: the

text: Nelson

text: River

text: into

text: Hudson

text: Bay

text: The

text: Bow

text: River

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Calgary

text: taking

text: in

text: the

text: Elbow

text: River

text: at

text: the

text: historic

text: site

text: of

text: Fort

text: Calgary

text: near

text: downtown

text: The

text: Bow

text: River

text: pathway

text: developed

text: along

text: the

text: river

text: 's

text: banks

text: is

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: Calgary

text: 's

text: self

text: image

text: The Canadian titles debate has been ongoing since the presentation to the Canadian House of Commons of the Nickle Resolution in 1917. This resolution marked the earliest attempt to establish a Canadian government policy requesting the sovereign not to grant knighthoods, baronetcies, and peerages to Canadians and set the precedent for later policies restricting Canadians from accepting titles from foreign countries. Dissatisfaction with the British honours system led to the gradual creation of a separate system for Canada.

text: The

text: Canadian

text: titles

text: debate

text: has

text: been

text: ongoing

text: since

text: the

text: presentation

text: to

text: the

text: Canadian

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: of

text: the

text: Nickle

text: Resolution

text: in

text: This

text: resolution

text: marked

text: the

text: earliest

text: attempt

text: to

text: establish

text: Canadian

text: government

text: policy

text: requesting

text: the

text: sovereign

text: not

text: to

text: grant

text: knighthoods

text: baronetcies

text: and

text: peerages

text: to

text: Canadians

text: and

text: set

text: the

text: precedent

text: for

text: later

text: policies

text: restricting

text: Canadians

text: from

text: accepting

text: titles

text: from

text: foreign

text: countries

text: Dissatisfaction

text: with

text: the

text: British

text: honours

text: system

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: gradual

text: creation

text: of

text: separate

text: system

text: for

text: Canada

text: FOREST (short for "Freedom Organisation for the Right to Enjoy Smoking Tobacco") is a United Kingdom political pressure group which campaigns against tobacco control activity.

text: FOREST

text: short

text: for

text: Freedom

text: Organisation

text: for

text: the

text: Right

text: to

text: Enjoy

text: Smoking

text: Tobacco

text: is

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: political

text: pressure

text: group

text: which

text: campaigns

text: against

text: tobacco

text: control

text: activity

text: Alberta is a western province of Canada. With an estimated population of 4,196,457 as of July 1, 2015, it is Canada's fourth-most populous province and the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces. Its area is about . Alberta and its neighbour Saskatchewan were districts of the Northwest Territories until they were established as provinces on September 1, 1905. The premier has been Rachel Notley since May 2015.

text: Alberta

text: is

text: western

text: province

text: of

text: Canada

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: July

text: it

text: is

text: Canada

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: Canada

text: 's

text: three

text: prairie

text: provinces

text: Its

text: area

text: is

text: about

text: Alberta

text: and

text: its

text: neighbour

text: Saskatchewan

text: were

text: districts

text: of

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Territories

text: until

text: they

text: were

text: established

text: as

text: provinces

text: on

text: September

text: The

text: premier

text: has

text: been

text: Rachel

text: Notley

text: since

text: May

text: Calgary is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta. It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province, in an area of foothills and prairie, about east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies. In the 2011 census, the City of Calgary had a population of 1,096,833 and a metropolitan population of 1,214,839, making it the largest city in Alberta, and the third-largest municipality and fifth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada.

text: Calgary

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Alberta

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Bow

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Elbow

text: River

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: foothills

text: and

text: prairie

text: about

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: front

text: ranges

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: Rockies

text: In

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Calgary

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Alberta

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: municipality

text: and

text: fifth

text: largest

text: census

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: CMA

text: in

text: Canada

text: Quebec City (pronounced or ) officially Québec) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec. In 2015 the city had a population estimate of 545,485, and the metropolitan area had a population of 806,400, making it Canada's seventh-largest metropolitan area and Quebec's second-largest city after Montreal, which is about to the southwest.

text: Quebec

text: City

text: pronounced

text: or

text: officially

text: Québec

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Quebec

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: population

text: estimate

text: of

text: and

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: Canada

text: 's

text: seventh

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: and

text: Quebec

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: after

text: Montreal

text: which

text: is

text: about

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The Rocky Mountains, commonly known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch more than from the northernmost part of British Columbia, in western Canada, to New Mexico, in the southwestern United States. Within the North American Cordillera, the Rockies are somewhat distinct from the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Cascade Range and Sierra Nevada which all lie further to the west.

text: The

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Rockies

text: are

text: major

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: western

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: stretch

text: more

text: than

text: from

text: the

text: northernmost

text: part

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: in

text: western

text: Canada

text: to

text: New

text: Mexico

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: United

text: States

text: Within

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: Cordillera

text: the

text: Rockies

text: are

text: somewhat

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Coast

text: Ranges

text: and

text: the

text: Cascade

text: Range

text: and

text: Sierra

text: Nevada

text: which

text: all

text: lie

text: further

text: to

text: the

text: west

annotations: likely multiple

question: instance_of acme

answer: town

text: town


text: An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a planet or other material body, that is held in place by the gravity of that body. An atmosphere is more likely to be retained if the gravity it is subject to is high and the temperature of the atmosphere is low.

text: An

text: atmosphere

text: is

text: layer

text: of

text: gases

text: surrounding

text: planet

text: or

text: other

text: material

text: body

text: that

text: is

text: held

text: in

text: place

text: by

text: the

text: gravity

text: of

text: that

text: body

text: An

text: atmosphere

text: is

text: more

text: likely

text: to

text: be

text: retained

text: if

text: the

text: gravity

text: it

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: is

text: high

text: and

text: the

text: temperature

text: of

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: is

text: low

text: Laxenburg is a town in the district of Mödling in the Austrian state of Lower Austria, near Vienna.

text: Laxenburg

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: district

text: of

text: Mödling

text: in

text: the

text: Austrian

text: state

text: of

text: Lower

text: Austria

text: near

text: Vienna

text: Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Germany

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: states

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Located

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: rivers

text: Spree

text: and

text: Havel

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Brandenburg

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: about

text: million

text: residents

text: from

text: more

text: than

text: nations

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Plain

text: Berlin

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: Around

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: forests

text: parks

text: gardens

text: rivers

text: and

text: lakes

text:
A "metropolitan area", sometimes referred to as a "metro area" or just "metro", is a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing.
A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships, boroughs, cities, towns, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts. As social, economic and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: metro

text: area

text: or

text: just

text: metro

text: is

text: region

text: consisting

text: of

text: densely

text: populated

text: urban

text: core

text: and

text: its

text: less

text: populated

text: surrounding

text: territories

text: sharing

text: industry

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: housing

text: metro

text: area

text: usually

text: comprises

text: multiple

text: jurisdictions

text: and

text: municipalities

text: neighborhoods

text: townships

text: boroughs

text: cities

text: towns

text: exurbs

text: suburbs

text: counties

text: districts

text: states

text: and

text: even

text: nations

text: like

text: the

text: eurodistricts

text: As

text: social

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: institutions

text: have

text: changed

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: have

text: become

text: key

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: regions

text: Metropolitan

text: areas

text: include

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: urban

text: areas

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: satellite

text: cities

text: towns

text: and

text: intervening

text: rural

text: areas

text: that

text: are

text: socio

text: economically

text: tied

text: to

text: the

text: urban

text: core

text: typically

text: measured

text: by

text: commuting

text: patterns

text: Global change refers to planetary-scale changes in the Earth system. The system consists of the land, oceans, atmosphere, polar regions, life, the planets natural cycles and deep Earth processes. These constituent parts influence one another. The Earth system now includes human society, so global change also refers to large-scale changes in society.

text: Global

text: change

text: refers

text: to

text: planetary

text: scale

text: changes

text: in

text: the

text: Earth

text: system

text: The

text: system

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: oceans

text: atmosphere

text: polar

text: regions

text: life

text: the

text: planets

text: natural

text: cycles

text: and

text: deep

text: Earth

text: processes

text: These

text: constituent

text: parts

text: influence

text: one

text: another

text: The

text: Earth

text: system

text: now

text: includes

text: human

text: society

text: so

text: global

text: change

text: also

text: refers

text: to

text: large

text: scale

text: changes

text: in

text: society

text: Centrope is an Interreg IIIA project to establish a multinational region in the Central Europe encompassing four European countries: Slovakia, Austria, Hungary and Czech Republic.

text: Centrope

text: is

text: an

text: Interreg

text: IIIA

text: project

text: to

text: establish

text: multinational

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: Central

text: Europe

text: encompassing

text: four

text: European

text: countries

text: Slovakia

text: Austria

text: Hungary

text: and

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: International Organization is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the entire field of international affairs. It was established in 1947 and is published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International Organization Foundation. The editor-in-chief is Jon Pevehouse (University of WisconsinMadison).

text: International

text: Organization

text: is

text: quarterly

text: peer

text: reviewed

text: academic

text: journal

text: that

text: covers

text: the

text: entire

text: field

text: of

text: international

text: affairs

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: published

text: by

text: Cambridge

text: University

text: Press

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Organization

text: Foundation

text: The

text: editor

text: in

text: chief

text: is

text: Jon

text: Pevehouse

text: University

text: of

text: WisconsinMadison

text: World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

text: World

text: War

text: WWI

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: originating

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: military

text: personnel

text: including

text: million

text: Europeans

text: were

text: mobilised

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wars

text: in

text: history

text: Over

text: nine

text: million

text: combatants

text: and

text: seven

text: million

text: civilians

text: died

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: genocides

text: casualty

text: rate

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: technological

text: and

text: industrial

text: sophistication

text: and

text: the

text: tactical

text: stalemate

text: caused

text: by

text: gruelling

text: trench

text: warfare

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflicts

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: changes

text: including

text: revolutions

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: involved

text: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, , or OPEP in several other languages) is an intergovernmental organization of 13 nations, founded in 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Venezuela), and headquartered since 1965 in Vienna. As of 2015, the 13 countries accounted for an estimated 42 percent of global oil production and 73 percent of the world's "proven" oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by American-dominated multinational oil companies.

text: Organization

text: of

text: the

text: Petroleum

text: Exporting

text: Countries

text: OPEC

text: or

text: OPEP

text: in

text: several

text: other

text: languages

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: organization

text: of

text: nations

text: founded

text: in

text: in

text: Baghdad

text: by

text: the

text: first

text: five

text: members

text: Iran

text: Iraq

text: Kuwait

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Venezuela

text: and

text: headquartered

text: since

text: in

text: Vienna

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: countries

text: accounted

text: for

text: an

text: estimated

text: percent

text: of

text: global

text: oil

text: production

text: and

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: proven

text: oil

text: reserves

text: giving

text: OPEC

text: major

text: influence

text: on

text: global

text: oil

text: prices

text: that

text: were

text: previously

text: determined

text: by

text: American

text: dominated

text: multinational

text: oil

text: companies

text: Bratislava (or  also known by ) is the capital of Slovakia, and with a population of about 450,000, the country's largest city. The greater metropolitan area is home to more than 650,000 people. Bratislava is in southwestern Slovakia, occupying both banks of the River Danube and the left bank of the River Morava. Bordering Austria and Hungary, it is the only national capital that borders two sovereign states.

text: Bratislava

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Slovakia

text: and

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: The

text: greater

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: Bratislava

text: is

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Slovakia

text: occupying

text: both

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Danube

text: and

text: the

text: left

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Morava

text: Bordering

text: Austria

text: and

text: Hungary

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: national

text: capital

text: that

text: borders

text: two

text: sovereign

text: states

text: The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan, New York City, and experiences extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: organization

text: to

text: promote

text: international

text: co

text: operation

text: replacement

text: for

text: the

text: ineffective

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: the

text: organization

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: October

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prevent

text: another

text: such

text: conflict

text: At

text: its

text: founding

text: the

text: UN

text: had

text: member

text: states

text: there

text: are

text: now

text: The

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: is

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: experiences

text: extraterritoriality

text: Further

text: main

text: offices

text: are

text: situated

text: in

text: Geneva

text: Nairobi

text: and

text: Vienna

text: The

text: organization

text: is

text: financed

text: by

text: assessed

text: and

text: voluntary

text: contributions

text: from

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: Its

text: objectives

text: include

text: maintaining

text: international

text: peace

text: and

text: security

text: promoting

text: human

text: rights

text: fostering

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: development

text: protecting

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: providing

text: humanitarian

text: aid

text: in

text: cases

text: of

text: famine

text: natural

text: disaster

text: and

text: armed

text: conflict

text: The Czech Republic, also known by the short name Czechia, is a nation state in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of with mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, has 10.5 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague, with over 1.2 million residents. The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia.

text: The

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: short

text: name

text: Czechia

text: is

text: nation

text: state

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: The

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: with

text: mostly

text: temperate

text: continental

text: climate

text: and

text: oceanic

text: climate

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: has

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Prague

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: residents

text: The

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: includes

text: the

text: historical

text: territories

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: Moravia

text: and

text: Czech

text: Silesia

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis ( IIASA ) is an international research organization located in Laxenburg , near Vienna , in Austria . IIASA conducts interdisciplinary scientific studies on environmental , economic , technological and social issues in the context of human dimensions of global change . IIASA 's mission is `` to provide insights and guidance to policymakers worldwide by finding solutions to global and universal problems through applied systems analysis in order to improve human and social wellbeing and to protect the environment . ''

text: The

text: International

text: Institute

text: for

text: Applied

text: Systems

text: Analysis

text: IIASA

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: research

text: organization

text: located

text: in

text: Laxenburg

text: near

text: Vienna

text: in

text: Austria

text: IIASA

text: conducts

text: interdisciplinary

text: scientific

text: studies

text: on

text: environmental

text: economic

text: technological

text: and

text: social

text: issues

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: human

text: dimensions

text: of

text: global

text: change

text: IIASA

text: 's

text: mission

text: is

text: to

text: provide

text: insights

text: and

text: guidance

text: to

text: policymakers

text: worldwide

text: by

text: finding

text: solutions

text: to

text: global

text: and

text: universal

text: problems

text: through

text: applied

text: systems

text: analysis

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: improve

text: human

text: and

text: social

text: wellbeing

text: and

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: environment

text: Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory spans about and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak, a member of the Slavic language family.

text: Slovakia

text: officially

text: the

text: Slovak

text: Republic

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Hungary

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Slovakia

text: 's

text: territory

text: spans

text: about

text: and

text: is

text: mostly

text: mountainous

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: over

text: million

text: and

text: comprises

text: mostly

text: ethnic

text: Slovaks

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Bratislava

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: Slovak

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Slavic

text: language

text: family

text: Vienna is the capital and largest city of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.8 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan area, nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by population within city limits in the European Union. Until the beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has the second largest number of German speakers after Berlin. Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations and OPEC. The city is located in the eastern part of Austria and is close to the borders of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary. These regions work together in a European Centrope border region. Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3 million inhabitants. In 2001, the city centre was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

text: Vienna

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: states

text: of

text: Austria

text: Vienna

text: is

text: Austria

text: 's

text: primary

text: city

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: within

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: nearly

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: Austria

text: 's

text: population

text: and

text: its

text: cultural

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: centre

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Until

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: German

text: speaking

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: before

text: the

text: splitting

text: of

text: the

text: Austro

text: Hungarian

text: Empire

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Today

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: number

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: after

text: Berlin

text: Vienna

text: is

text: host

text: to

text: many

text: major

text: international

text: organizations

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: OPEC

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: is

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Slovakia

text: and

text: Hungary

text: These

text: regions

text: work

text: together

text: in

text: European

text: Centrope

text: border

text: region

text: Along

text: with

text: nearby

text: Bratislava

text: Vienna

text: forms

text: metropolitan

text: region

text: with

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: In

text: the

text: city

text: centre

text: was

text: designated

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: Life is a characteristic distinguishing physical entities having biological processes, such as signaling and self-sustaining processes, from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased, or because they never had such functions and are classified as inanimate. Various forms of life exist, such as plants, animals, fungi, protists, archaea, and bacteria. The criteria can at times be ambiguous and may or may not define viruses, viroids, or potential artificial life as "living". Biology is the primary science concerned with the study of life, although many other sciences are involved.

text: Life

text: is

text: characteristic

text: distinguishing

text: physical

text: entities

text: having

text: biological

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: signaling

text: and

text: self

text: sustaining

text: processes

text: from

text: those

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: either

text: because

text: such

text: functions

text: have

text: ceased

text: or

text: because

text: they

text: never

text: had

text: such

text: functions

text: and

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: inanimate

text: Various

text: forms

text: of

text: life

text: exist

text: such

text: as

text: plants

text: animals

text: fungi

text: protists

text: archaea

text: and

text: bacteria

text: The

text: criteria

text: can

text: at

text: times

text: be

text: ambiguous

text: and

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: define

text: viruses

text: viroids

text: or

text: potential

text: artificial

text: life

text: as

text: living

text: Biology

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: science

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: life

text: although

text: many

text: other

text: sciences

text: are

text: involved

text: Austria is a federal republic made up of nine states, known in German as Länder (singular Land). Since "Land" is also the German word for "country", the term Bundesländer ("federation states"; singular Bundesland) is often used instead to avoid ambiguity. The Constitution of Austria uses both terms. In English, the term "(Bundes)land" is commonly rendered as "state" or "province".

text: Austria

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: nine

text: states

text: known

text: in

text: German

text: as

text: Länder

text: singular

text: Land

text: Since

text: Land

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: German

text: word

text: for

text: country

text: the

text: term

text: Bundesländer

text: federation

text: states

text: singular

text: Bundesland

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: instead

text: to

text: avoid

text: ambiguity

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Austria

text: uses

text: both

text: terms

text: In

text: English

text: the

text: term

text: Bundes)land

text: is

text: commonly

text: rendered

text: as

text: state

text: or

text: province

text: Earth, otherwise known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun and the only object in the Universe known to harbor life. It is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest of the four terrestrial planets.

text: Earth

text: otherwise

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: planet

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: object

text: in

text: the

text: Universe

text: known

text: to

text: harbor

text: life

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: densest

text: planet

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: terrestrial

text: planets

text: Lower Austria (; ) is the northeasternmost state of the nine states in Austria. The capital of Lower Austria since 1986 is Sankt Pölten, the most recently designated capital town in Austria. The capital of Lower Austria had formerly been Vienna, even though Vienna has not officially been part of Lower Austria since 1921. With a land area of and a population of 1.612 million people, it is the largest state in Austria, and in terms of population second only to the federal state of Vienna.

text: Lower

text: Austria

text: is

text: the

text: northeasternmost

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: states

text: in

text: Austria

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: Lower

text: Austria

text: since

text: is

text: Sankt

text: Pölten

text: the

text: most

text: recently

text: designated

text: capital

text: town

text: in

text: Austria

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: Lower

text: Austria

text: had

text: formerly

text: been

text: Vienna

text: even

text: though

text: Vienna

text: has

text: not

text: officially

text: been

text: part

text: of

text: Lower

text: Austria

text: since

text: With

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: Austria

text: and

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: population

text: second

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: federal

text: state

text: of

text: Vienna

text: Hungary is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe. It covers an area of , situated in the Carpathian Basin and bordered by Slovakia to the north, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, Slovenia to the west, Austria to the northwest, and Ukraine to the northeast. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world. Hungary's capital and largest metropolis is Budapest, a significant economic hub, classified as an Alpha- global city. Major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs and Gyr.

text: Hungary

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Carpathian

text: Basin

text: and

text: bordered

text: by

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Romania

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Serbia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Croatia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Slovenia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Hungary

text: is

text: medium

text: sized

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: Hungarian

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: Uralic

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Hungary

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Budapest

text: significant

text: economic

text: hub

text: classified

text: as

text: an

text: Alpha-

text: global

text: city

text: Major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Debrecen

text: Szeged

text: Miskolc

text: Pécs

text: and

text: Gyr

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity international institute for applied systems analysis

answer: lower austria

text: lower austria

text: lower austria

text: lower austria

text: lower austria

text: lower austria