text: The verb license or grant license means to give permission. The noun licence (British, Indian, Canadian, Australian, New Zealand, Irish, or South African English) or license (American English) refers to that permission as well as to the document recording that permission.

text: The

text: verb

text: license

text: or

text: grant

text: license

text: means

text: to

text: give

text: permission

text: The

text: noun

text: licence

text: British

text: Indian

text: Canadian

text: Australian

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Irish

text: or

text: South

text: African

text: English

text: or

text: license

text: American

text: English

text: refers

text: to

text: that

text: permission

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: document

text: recording

text: that

text: permission

text: Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. Constipation is a common cause of painful defecation. Severe constipation includes obstipation (failure to pass stools or gas) and fecal impaction, which can progress to bowel obstruction and become life-threatening.

text: Constipation

text: refers

text: to

text: bowel

text: movements

text: that

text: are

text: infrequent

text: or

text: hard

text: to

text: pass

text: Constipation

text: is

text: common

text: cause

text: of

text: painful

text: defecation

text: Severe

text: constipation

text: includes

text: obstipation

text: failure

text: to

text: pass

text: stools

text: or

text: gas

text: and

text: fecal

text: impaction

text: which

text: can

text: progress

text: to

text: bowel

text: obstruction

text: and

text: become

text: life

text: threatening

text:
Epinephrine, also known as adrenalin or adrenaline, is a hormone, neurotransmitter and medication. Epinephrine is normally produced by both the adrenal glands and certain neurons. It plays an important role in the fight-or-flight response by increasing blood flow to muscles, output of the heart, pupil dilation, and blood sugar. Epinephrine does this by its effects on alpha and beta receptors. It is found in many animals and some one cell organisms. Jokichi Takamine first isolated epinephrine in 1901.
As a medication it is used to treat a number of conditions, including anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and superficial bleeding. Inhaled epinephrine may be used to improve the symptoms of croup. It may also be used for asthma when other treatments are not effective. It is given intravenously, by injection into a muscle, by inhalation, or by injection just under the skin. Common side effects include shakiness, anxiety, and sweating. A fast heart rate and high blood pressure may occur. Occasionally it may result in an abnormal heart rhythm. While the safety of its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear, the benefits to the mother must be taken into account.

text: Epinephrine

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: adrenalin

text: or

text: adrenaline

text: is

text: hormone

text: neurotransmitter

text: and

text: medication

text: Epinephrine

text: is

text: normally

text: produced

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: adrenal

text: glands

text: and

text: certain

text: neurons

text: It

text: plays

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: fight

text: or

text: flight

text: response

text: by

text: increasing

text: blood

text: flow

text: to

text: muscles

text: output

text: of

text: the

text: heart

text: pupil

text: dilation

text: and

text: blood

text: sugar

text: Epinephrine

text: does

text: this

text: by

text: its

text: effects

text: on

text: alpha

text: and

text: beta

text: receptors

text: It

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: many

text: animals

text: and

text: some

text: one

text: cell

text: organisms

text: Jokichi

text: Takamine

text: first

text: isolated

text: epinephrine

text: in

text: As

text: medication

text: it

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: treat

text: number

text: of

text: conditions

text: including

text: anaphylaxis

text: cardiac

text: arrest

text: and

text: superficial

text: bleeding

text: Inhaled

text: epinephrine

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: improve

text: the

text: symptoms

text: of

text: croup

text: It

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: asthma

text: when

text: other

text: treatments

text: are

text: not

text: effective

text: It

text: is

text: given

text: intravenously

text: by

text: injection

text: into

text: muscle

text: by

text: inhalation

text: or

text: by

text: injection

text: just

text: under

text: the

text: skin

text: Common

text: side

text: effects

text: include

text: shakiness

text: anxiety

text: and

text: sweating

text: fast

text: heart

text: rate

text: and

text: high

text: blood

text: pressure

text: may

text: occur

text: Occasionally

text: it

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: an

text: abnormal

text: heart

text: rhythm

text: While

text: the

text: safety

text: of

text: its

text: use

text: during

text: pregnancy

text: and

text: breastfeeding

text: is

text: unclear

text: the

text: benefits

text: to

text: the

text: mother

text: must

text: be

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: Stimulants (also referred to as psychostimulants) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects. Due to their rendering a characteristic "up" feeling, stimulants are also occasionally referred to as "uppers". Depressants or "downers", which decrease mental and/or physical function, are in stark contrast to stimulants and are considered to be the functionally opposite drug class. Stimulants are widely used throughout the world as prescription medicines as well as without a prescription (either legally or illicitly) as performance-enhancing or recreational drugs. The most frequently prescribed stimulants as of 2013 were lisdexamfetamine, methylphenidate, and amphetamine. It is estimated that the percent of the population that has abused amphetamines, cocaine and MDMA combined is between .8% and 2.1%.

text: Stimulants

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: psychostimulants

text: is

text: an

text: overarching

text: term

text: that

text: covers

text: many

text: drugs

text: including

text: those

text: that

text: increase

text: activity

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: drugs

text: that

text: are

text: pleasurable

text: and

text: invigorating

text: or

text: drugs

text: that

text: have

text: sympathomimetic

text: effects

text: Due

text: to

text: their

text: rendering

text: characteristic

text: up

text: feeling

text: stimulants

text: are

text: also

text: occasionally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: uppers

text: Depressants

text: or

text: downers

text: which

text: decrease

text: mental

text: and/or

text: physical

text: function

text: are

text: in

text: stark

text: contrast

text: to

text: stimulants

text: and

text: are

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: functionally

text: opposite

text: drug

text: class

text: Stimulants

text: are

text: widely

text: used

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: prescription

text: medicines

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: without

text: prescription

text: either

text: legally

text: or

text: illicitly

text: as

text: performance

text: enhancing

text: or

text: recreational

text: drugs

text: The

text: most

text: frequently

text: prescribed

text: stimulants

text: as

text: of

text: were

text: lisdexamfetamine

text: methylphenidate

text: and

text: amphetamine

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: the

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: that

text: has

text: abused

text: amphetamines

text: cocaine

text: and

text: MDMA

text: combined

text: is

text: between

text: and

text: Mink are dark-colored, semiaquatic, carnivorous mammals of the family Mustelidae, which also includes weasels, otters and ferrets. There are two extant species referred to as "mink": the American mink and the European mink. The extinct sea mink is related to the American mink, but was much larger. The American mink is larger and more adaptable than the European mink. Due to variations in size, an individual mink usually cannot be determined as European or American with certainty without looking at the skeleton. There is one exception to this rule: all European minks have a large white patch on their upper lip, while only some American minks do. Thus, any mink with no such patch is certainly of the American variety. Taxonomically, both American and European minks used to be placed in the same genus "Mustela" ("weasels"), but most recently the American mink has been reclassified as belonging to its own genus "Neovison".

text: Mink

text: are

text: dark

text: colored

text: semiaquatic

text: carnivorous

text: mammals

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Mustelidae

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: weasels

text: otters

text: and

text: ferrets

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: extant

text: species

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: mink

text: the

text: American

text: mink

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: mink

text: The

text: extinct

text: sea

text: mink

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: mink

text: but

text: was

text: much

text: larger

text: The

text: American

text: mink

text: is

text: larger

text: and

text: more

text: adaptable

text: than

text: the

text: European

text: mink

text: Due

text: to

text: variations

text: in

text: size

text: an

text: individual

text: mink

text: usually

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: determined

text: as

text: European

text: or

text: American

text: with

text: certainty

text: without

text: looking

text: at

text: the

text: skeleton

text: There

text: is

text: one

text: exception

text: to

text: this

text: rule

text: all

text: European

text: minks

text: have

text: large

text: white

text: patch

text: on

text: their

text: upper

text: lip

text: while

text: only

text: some

text: American

text: minks

text: do

text: Thus

text: any

text: mink

text: with

text: no

text: such

text: patch

text: is

text: certainly

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: variety

text: Taxonomically

text: both

text: American

text: and

text: European

text: minks

text: used

text: to

text: be

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: genus

text: Mustela

text: weasels

text: but

text: most

text: recently

text: the

text: American

text: mink

text: has

text: been

text: reclassified

text: as

text: belonging

text: to

text: its

text: own

text: genus

text: Neovison

text: A pen (Latin: "penna", feather) is a writing implement used to apply ink to a surface, such as paper, for writing or drawing. Historically, reed pens, quill pens, and dip pens were used, with a nib dipped in ink. Ruling pens allow precise adjustment of line width, and still find a few specialized uses, but technical pens such as the Rapidograph are more commonly used. Modern types also include ballpoint, rollerball, fountain, and felt or ceramic tip pens.

text: pen

text: Latin

text: penna

text: feather

text: is

text: writing

text: implement

text: used

text: to

text: apply

text: ink

text: to

text: surface

text: such

text: as

text: paper

text: for

text: writing

text: or

text: drawing

text: Historically

text: reed

text: pens

text: quill

text: pens

text: and

text: dip

text: pens

text: were

text: used

text: with

text: nib

text: dipped

text: in

text: ink

text: Ruling

text: pens

text: allow

text: precise

text: adjustment

text: of

text: line

text: width

text: and

text: still

text: find

text: few

text: specialized

text: uses

text: but

text: technical

text: pens

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Rapidograph

text: are

text: more

text: commonly

text: used

text: Modern

text: types

text: also

text: include

text: ballpoint

text: rollerball

text: fountain

text: and

text: felt

text: or

text: ceramic

text: tip

text: pens

text:
Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug. It is commonly snorted, inhaled, or injected into the veins. Mental effects may include loss of contact with reality, an intense feeling of happiness, or agitation. Physical symptoms may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and large pupils. High doses can result in very high blood pressure or body temperature. Effects begin within seconds to minutes of use and last between five and ninety minutes. Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical uses such as numbing and decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery.
Cocaine is addictive due to its effect on the reward pathway in the brain. After a short period of use, there is a high risk that dependence will occur. Its use also increases the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, lung problems in those who smoke it, blood infections, and sudden cardiac death. Cocaine sold on the street is commonly mixed with local anesthetics, cornstarch, quinine, or sugar which can result in additional toxicity. Following repeated doses a person may have decreased ability to feel pleasure and be very physically tired.
Cocaine acts by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This results in greater concentrations of these three neurotransmitters in the brain. It can easily cross the bloodbrain barrier and may lead to the breakdown of the barrier. Cocaine is made from the leaves of the "coca" plant which are mostly grown in South America. In 2013, 419 kilograms were produced legally. It is estimated that the illegal market for cocaine is 100 to 500 billion USD each year. With further processing crack cocaine can be produced from cocaine.
After cannabis, cocaine is the most frequently used illegal drug globally. Between 14 and 21 million people use the drug each year. Use is highest in North America followed by Europe and South America. Between one and three percent of people in the developed world have used cocaine at some point in their life. In 2013 cocaine use directly resulted in 4,300 deaths, up from 2,400 in 1990. The leaves of the "coca" plant have been used by Peruvians since ancient times. Cocaine was first isolated from the leaves in 1860. Since 1961 the international Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has required countries to make recreational use of cocaine a crime.

text: Cocaine

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: coke

text: is

text: strong

text: stimulant

text: mostly

text: used

text: as

text: recreational

text: drug

text: It

text: is

text: commonly

text: snorted

text: inhaled

text: or

text: injected

text: into

text: the

text: veins

text: Mental

text: effects

text: may

text: include

text: loss

text: of

text: contact

text: with

text: reality

text: an

text: intense

text: feeling

text: of

text: happiness

text: or

text: agitation

text: Physical

text: symptoms

text: may

text: include

text: fast

text: heart

text: rate

text: sweating

text: and

text: large

text: pupils

text: High

text: doses

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: very

text: high

text: blood

text: pressure

text: or

text: body

text: temperature

text: Effects

text: begin

text: within

text: seconds

text: to

text: minutes

text: of

text: use

text: and

text: last

text: between

text: five

text: and

text: ninety

text: minutes

text: Cocaine

text: has

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: accepted

text: medical

text: uses

text: such

text: as

text: numbing

text: and

text: decreasing

text: bleeding

text: during

text: nasal

text: surgery

text: Cocaine

text: is

text: addictive

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: reward

text: pathway

text: in

text: the

text: brain

text: After

text: short

text: period

text: of

text: use

text: there

text: is

text: high

text: risk

text: that

text: dependence

text: will

text: occur

text: Its

text: use

text: also

text: increases

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: stroke

text: myocardial

text: infarction

text: lung

text: problems

text: in

text: those

text: who

text: smoke

text: it

text: blood

text: infections

text: and

text: sudden

text: cardiac

text: death

text: Cocaine

text: sold

text: on

text: the

text: street

text: is

text: commonly

text: mixed

text: with

text: local

text: anesthetics

text: cornstarch

text: quinine

text: or

text: sugar

text: which

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: additional

text: toxicity

text: Following

text: repeated

text: doses

text: person

text: may

text: have

text: decreased

text: ability

text: to

text: feel

text: pleasure

text: and

text: be

text: very

text: physically

text: tired

text: Cocaine

text: acts

text: by

text: inhibiting

text: the

text: reuptake

text: of

text: serotonin

text: norepinephrine

text: and

text: dopamine

text: This

text: results

text: in

text: greater

text: concentrations

text: of

text: these

text: three

text: neurotransmitters

text: in

text: the

text: brain

text: It

text: can

text: easily

text: cross

text: the

text: bloodbrain

text: barrier

text: and

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: breakdown

text: of

text: the

text: barrier

text: Cocaine

text: is

text: made

text: from

text: the

text: leaves

text: of

text: the

text: coca

text: plant

text: which

text: are

text: mostly

text: grown

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: In

text: kilograms

text: were

text: produced

text: legally

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: the

text: illegal

text: market

text: for

text: cocaine

text: is

text: to

text: billion

text: USD

text: each

text: year

text: With

text: further

text: processing

text: crack

text: cocaine

text: can

text: be

text: produced

text: from

text: cocaine

text: After

text: cannabis

text: cocaine

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: frequently

text: used

text: illegal

text: drug

text: globally

text: Between

text: and

text: million

text: people

text: use

text: the

text: drug

text: each

text: year

text: Use

text: is

text: highest

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: followed

text: by

text: Europe

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: Between

text: one

text: and

text: three

text: percent

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: have

text: used

text: cocaine

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: their

text: life

text: In

text: cocaine

text: use

text: directly

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: up

text: from

text: in

text: The

text: leaves

text: of

text: the

text: coca

text: plant

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: Peruvians

text: since

text: ancient

text: times

text: Cocaine

text: was

text: first

text: isolated

text: from

text: the

text: leaves

text: in

text: Since

text: the

text: international

text: Single

text: Convention

text: on

text: Narcotic

text: Drugs

text: has

text: required

text: countries

text: to

text: make

text: recreational

text: use

text: of

text: cocaine

text: crime

text:
Heroin, also known as diamorphine among other names, is an opiate typically used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects. Medically it is occasionally used to relieve pain and as a form of opioid replacement therapy alongside counseling. Heroin is typically injected, usually into a vein; however, it can also be smoked, snorted or inhaled. Onset of effects is usually rapid and lasts for a few hours.
Common side effects include respiratory depression (decreased breathing) and about a quarter of those who use heroin become physically dependent. Other side effects can include abscesses, infected heart valves, blood borne infections, constipation, and pneumonia. After a history of long-term use, withdrawal symptoms can begin within hours of last use. When given by injection into a vein, heroin has two to three times the effect as a similar dose of morphine. It typically comes as a white or brown powder.
Treatment of heroin addiction often includes behavioral therapy and medications. Medications used may include methadone or naltrexone. A heroin overdose may be treated with naloxone. An estimated 17 million people as of 2015 use opiates such as heroin, which together with opioids resulted in 122,000 deaths. The total number of opiate users has increased from 1998 to 2007 after which it has remained more or less stable. In the United States about 1.6 percent of people have used heroin at some point in time. When people die from overdosing on a drug, the drug is usually an opioid.
Heroin was first made by C. R. Alder Wright in 1874 from morphine, a natural product of the opium poppy. Internationally, heroin is controlled under Schedules I and IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. It is generally illegal to make, possess, or sell heroin without a license. In 2015 Afghanistan produced about 66% of the world's opium. Often heroin, which is illegally sold, is mixed with other substances such as sugar or strychnine.

text: Heroin

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: diamorphine

text: among

text: other

text: names

text: is

text: an

text: opiate

text: typically

text: used

text: as

text: recreational

text: drug

text: for

text: its

text: euphoric

text: effects

text: Medically

text: it

text: is

text: occasionally

text: used

text: to

text: relieve

text: pain

text: and

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: opioid

text: replacement

text: therapy

text: alongside

text: counseling

text: Heroin

text: is

text: typically

text: injected

text: usually

text: into

text: vein

text: however

text: it

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: smoked

text: snorted

text: or

text: inhaled

text: Onset

text: of

text: effects

text: is

text: usually

text: rapid

text: and

text: lasts

text: for

text: few

text: hours

text: Common

text: side

text: effects

text: include

text: respiratory

text: depression

text: decreased

text: breathing

text: and

text: about

text: quarter

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: use

text: heroin

text: become

text: physically

text: dependent

text: Other

text: side

text: effects

text: can

text: include

text: abscesses

text: infected

text: heart

text: valves

text: blood

text: borne

text: infections

text: constipation

text: and

text: pneumonia

text: After

text: history

text: of

text: long

text: term

text: use

text: withdrawal

text: symptoms

text: can

text: begin

text: within

text: hours

text: of

text: last

text: use

text: When

text: given

text: by

text: injection

text: into

text: vein

text: heroin

text: has

text: two

text: to

text: three

text: times

text: the

text: effect

text: as

text: similar

text: dose

text: of

text: morphine

text: It

text: typically

text: comes

text: as

text: white

text: or

text: brown

text: powder

text: Treatment

text: of

text: heroin

text: addiction

text: often

text: includes

text: behavioral

text: therapy

text: and

text: medications

text: Medications

text: used

text: may

text: include

text: methadone

text: or

text: naltrexone

text: heroin

text: overdose

text: may

text: be

text: treated

text: with

text: naloxone

text: An

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: use

text: opiates

text: such

text: as

text: heroin

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: opioids

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: opiate

text: users

text: has

text: increased

text: from

text: to

text: after

text: which

text: it

text: has

text: remained

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: stable

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: people

text: have

text: used

text: heroin

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: time

text: When

text: people

text: die

text: from

text: overdosing

text: on

text: drug

text: the

text: drug

text: is

text: usually

text: an

text: opioid

text: Heroin

text: was

text: first

text: made

text: by

text: Alder

text: Wright

text: in

text: from

text: morphine

text: natural

text: product

text: of

text: the

text: opium

text: poppy

text: Internationally

text: heroin

text: is

text: controlled

text: under

text: Schedules

text: and

text: IV

text: of

text: the

text: Single

text: Convention

text: on

text: Narcotic

text: Drugs

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: illegal

text: to

text: make

text: possess

text: or

text: sell

text: heroin

text: without

text: license

text: In

text: Afghanistan

text: produced

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: opium

text: Often

text: heroin

text: which

text: is

text: illegally

text: sold

text: is

text: mixed

text: with

text: other

text: substances

text: such

text: as

text: sugar

text: or

text: strychnine

text: The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic opioids had been developed, including drugs in whatever way related to methadone, pethidine, morphinans and dextromoramide and related drugs; research on fentanyls and piritramide was also nearing fruition at that point.

text: The

text: Single

text: Convention

text: on

text: Narcotic

text: Drugs

text: of

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: treaty

text: to

text: prohibit

text: production

text: and

text: supply

text: of

text: specific

text: nominally

text: narcotic

text: drugs

text: and

text: of

text: drugs

text: with

text: similar

text: effects

text: except

text: under

text: licence

text: for

text: specific

text: purposes

text: such

text: as

text: medical

text: treatment

text: and

text: research

text: As

text: noted

text: below

text: its

text: major

text: effects

text: included

text: updating

text: the

text: Paris

text: Convention

text: of

text: July

text: to

text: include

text: the

text: vast

text: number

text: of

text: synthetic

text: opioids

text: invented

text: in

text: the

text: intervening

text: thirty

text: years

text: and

text: mechanism

text: for

text: more

text: easily

text: including

text: new

text: ones

text: From

text: to

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: families

text: of

text: synthetic

text: opioids

text: had

text: been

text: developed

text: including

text: drugs

text: in

text: whatever

text: way

text: related

text: to

text: methadone

text: pethidine

text: morphinans

text: and

text: dextromoramide

text: and

text: related

text: drugs

text: research

text: on

text: fentanyls

text: and

text: piritramide

text: was

text: also

text: nearing

text: fruition

text: at

text: that

text: point

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: The Mustelidae (from Latin "mustela", weasel) are a family of carnivorous mammals, including the weasel, badger, otter, marten, ferret, mink, stoat, and wolverine. Mustelids are diverse and the largest family in the order Carnivora. The internal classification is still disputed, with rival proposals containing between two and eight subfamilies. One study, published in 2008, questions the long-accepted Mustelinae subfamily, and suggests that the Mustelidae consist of four major clades and three much smaller lineages.

text: The

text: Mustelidae

text: from

text: Latin

text: mustela

text: weasel

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: carnivorous

text: mammals

text: including

text: the

text: weasel

text: badger

text: otter

text: marten

text: ferret

text: mink

text: stoat

text: and

text: wolverine

text: Mustelids

text: are

text: diverse

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: family

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: Carnivora

text: The

text: internal

text: classification

text: is

text: still

text: disputed

text: with

text: rival

text: proposals

text: containing

text: between

text: two

text: and

text: eight

text: subfamilies

text: One

text: study

text: published

text: in

text: questions

text: the

text: long

text: accepted

text: Mustelinae

text: subfamily

text: and

text: suggests

text: that

text: the

text: Mustelidae

text: consist

text: of

text: four

text: major

text: clades

text: and

text: three

text: much

text: smaller

text: lineages

text:
Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow stops to a part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Often it is in the center or left side of the chest and lasts for more than a few minutes. The discomfort may occasionally feel like heartburn. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, nausea, feeling faint, a cold sweat, or feeling tired. About 30% of people have atypical symptoms, with women more likely than men to present atypically. Among those over 75 years old, about 5% have had an MI with little or no history of symptoms. An MI may cause heart failure, an irregular heartbeat (including serious types), cardiogenic shock, or cardiac arrest.
Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol intake, among others. The mechanism of an MI often involves the complete blockage of a coronary artery caused by a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. MIs are less commonly caused by coronary artery spasms, which may be due to cocaine, significant emotional stress, and extreme cold, among others. A number of tests are useful to help with diagnosis, including electrocardiograms (ECGs), blood tests, and coronary angiography. An ECG may confirm an ST elevation MI if ST elevation is present. Commonly used blood tests include troponin and less often creatine kinase MB.
Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use of angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.
Worldwide, about 8.6 million myocardial infarctions occurred in 2013. More than 3 million people had an ST elevation MI and more than 4 million had an NSTEMI. STEMIs occur about twice as often in men as women. About one million people have an MI each year in the United States. In the developed world the risk of death in those who have had an STEMI is about 10%. Rates of MI for a given age have decreased globally between 1990 and 2010.

text: Myocardial

text: infarction

text: MI

text: or

text: acute

text: myocardial

text: infarction

text: AMI

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: heart

text: attack

text: occurs

text: when

text: blood

text: flow

text: stops

text: to

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: heart

text: causing

text: damage

text: to

text: the

text: heart

text: muscle

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: symptom

text: is

text: chest

text: pain

text: or

text: discomfort

text: which

text: may

text: travel

text: into

text: the

text: shoulder

text: arm

text: back

text: neck

text: or

text: jaw

text: Often

text: it

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: center

text: or

text: left

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: chest

text: and

text: lasts

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: few

text: minutes

text: The

text: discomfort

text: may

text: occasionally

text: feel

text: like

text: heartburn

text: Other

text: symptoms

text: may

text: include

text: shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: nausea

text: feeling

text: faint

text: cold

text: sweat

text: or

text: feeling

text: tired

text: About

text: of

text: people

text: have

text: atypical

text: symptoms

text: with

text: women

text: more

text: likely

text: than

text: men

text: to

text: present

text: atypically

text: Among

text: those

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: about

text: have

text: had

text: an

text: MI

text: with

text: little

text: or

text: no

text: history

text: of

text: symptoms

text: An

text: MI

text: may

text: cause

text: heart

text: failure

text: an

text: irregular

text: heartbeat

text: including

text: serious

text: types

text: cardiogenic

text: shock

text: or

text: cardiac

text: arrest

text: Most

text: MIs

text: occur

text: due

text: to

text: coronary

text: artery

text: disease

text: Risk

text: factors

text: include

text: high

text: blood

text: pressure

text: smoking

text: diabetes

text: lack

text: of

text: exercise

text: obesity

text: high

text: blood

text: cholesterol

text: poor

text: diet

text: and

text: excessive

text: alcohol

text: intake

text: among

text: others

text: The

text: mechanism

text: of

text: an

text: MI

text: often

text: involves

text: the

text: complete

text: blockage

text: of

text: coronary

text: artery

text: caused

text: by

text: rupture

text: of

text: an

text: atherosclerotic

text: plaque

text: MIs

text: are

text: less

text: commonly

text: caused

text: by

text: coronary

text: artery

text: spasms

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: cocaine

text: significant

text: emotional

text: stress

text: and

text: extreme

text: cold

text: among

text: others

text: number

text: of

text: tests

text: are

text: useful

text: to

text: help

text: with

text: diagnosis

text: including

text: electrocardiograms

text: ECGs

text: blood

text: tests

text: and

text: coronary

text: angiography

text: An

text: ECG

text: may

text: confirm

text: an

text: ST

text: elevation

text: MI

text: if

text: ST

text: elevation

text: is

text: present

text: Commonly

text: used

text: blood

text: tests

text: include

text: troponin

text: and

text: less

text: often

text: creatine

text: kinase

text: MB

text: Aspirin

text: is

text: an

text: appropriate

text: immediate

text: treatment

text: for

text: suspected

text: MI

text: Nitroglycerin

text: or

text: opioids

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: help

text: with

text: chest

text: pain

text: however

text: they

text: do

text: not

text: improve

text: overall

text: outcomes

text: Supplemental

text: oxygen

text: should

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: low

text: oxygen

text: levels

text: or

text: shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: In

text: ST

text: elevation

text: MIs

text: treatments

text: which

text: attempt

text: to

text: restore

text: blood

text: flow

text: to

text: the

text: heart

text: are

text: typically

text: recommended

text: and

text: include

text: angioplasty

text: where

text: the

text: arteries

text: are

text: pushed

text: open

text: or

text: thrombolysis

text: where

text: the

text: blockage

text: is

text: removed

text: using

text: medications

text: People

text: who

text: have

text: non

text: ST

text: elevation

text: myocardial

text: infarction

text: NSTEMI

text: are

text: often

text: managed

text: with

text: the

text: blood

text: thinner

text: heparin

text: with

text: the

text: additional

text: use

text: of

text: angioplasty

text: in

text: those

text: at

text: high

text: risk

text: In

text: people

text: with

text: blockages

text: of

text: multiple

text: coronary

text: arteries

text: and

text: diabetes

text: bypass

text: surgery

text: CABG

text: may

text: be

text: recommended

text: rather

text: than

text: angioplasty

text: After

text: an

text: MI

text: lifestyle

text: modifications

text: along

text: with

text: long

text: term

text: treatment

text: with

text: aspirin

text: beta

text: blockers

text: and

text: statins

text: are

text: typically

text: recommended

text: Worldwide

text: about

text: million

text: myocardial

text: infarctions

text: occurred

text: in

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: had

text: an

text: ST

text: elevation

text: MI

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: had

text: an

text: NSTEMI

text: STEMIs

text: occur

text: about

text: twice

text: as

text: often

text: in

text: men

text: as

text: women

text: About

text: one

text: million

text: people

text: have

text: an

text: MI

text: each

text: year

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: death

text: in

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: had

text: an

text: STEMI

text: is

text: about

text: Rates

text: of

text: MI

text: for

text: given

text: age

text: have

text: decreased

text: globally

text: between

text: and

text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: Naltrexone is a medication that reverses the effects of opioids and is used primarily in the management of alcohol dependence and opioid dependence.

text: Naltrexone

text: is

text: medication

text: that

text: reverses

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: opioids

text: and

text: is

text: used

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: management

text: of

text: alcohol

text: dependence

text: and

text: opioid

text: dependence

text: Peruvians are the citizens of the Republic of Peru or their descendants abroad. Peru is a multiethnic country formed by the combination of different groups over five centuries, so people in Peru usually treat their nationality as a citizenship rather than an ethnicity. Amerindians inhabited Peruvian territory for several millennia before Spanish Conquest in the 16th century; according to historian David N. Cook their population decreased from an estimated 59 million in the 1520s to around 600,000 in 1620 mainly because of infectious diseases. Spaniards and Africans arrived in large numbers under colonial rule, mixing widely with each other and with indigenous peoples. During the Republic, there has been a gradual immigration of European people (specially from Spain and Italy, and in a less extent from France, the Balkans, Great Britain and Germany). Japanese and Chinese arrived in large numbers at the end of nineteenth century.

text: Peruvians

text: are

text: the

text: citizens

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Peru

text: or

text: their

text: descendants

text: abroad

text: Peru

text: is

text: multiethnic

text: country

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: combination

text: of

text: different

text: groups

text: over

text: five

text: centuries

text: so

text: people

text: in

text: Peru

text: usually

text: treat

text: their

text: nationality

text: as

text: citizenship

text: rather

text: than

text: an

text: ethnicity

text: Amerindians

text: inhabited

text: Peruvian

text: territory

text: for

text: several

text: millennia

text: before

text: Spanish

text: Conquest

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: according

text: to

text: historian

text: David

text: Cook

text: their

text: population

text: decreased

text: from

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: in

text: the

text: to

text: around

text: in

text: mainly

text: because

text: of

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: Spaniards

text: and

text: Africans

text: arrived

text: in

text: large

text: numbers

text: under

text: colonial

text: rule

text: mixing

text: widely

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: with

text: indigenous

text: peoples

text: During

text: the

text: Republic

text: there

text: has

text: been

text: gradual

text: immigration

text: of

text: European

text: people

text: specially

text: from

text: Spain

text: and

text: Italy

text: and

text: in

text: less

text: extent

text: from

text: France

text: the

text: Balkans

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Germany

text: Japanese

text: and

text: Chinese

text: arrived

text: in

text: large

text: numbers

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: In electronics and telecommunications a transmitter or radio transmitter is an electronic device which generates a radio frequency alternating current. When a connected antenna is excited by this alternating current, the antenna emits radio waves.

text: In

text: electronics

text: and

text: telecommunications

text: transmitter

text: or

text: radio

text: transmitter

text: is

text: an

text: electronic

text: device

text: which

text: generates

text: radio

text: frequency

text: alternating

text: current

text: When

text: connected

text: antenna

text: is

text: excited

text: by

text: this

text: alternating

text: current

text: the

text: antenna

text: emits

text: radio

text: waves

text: The American mink ("Neovison vison") is a semiaquatic species of mustelid native to North America, though human intervention has expanded its range to many parts of Europe and South America. Because of range expansion, the American mink is classed as a least-concern species by the IUCN. Since the extinction of the sea mink, the American mink is the only extant member of the genus "Neovison". The American mink is a carnivore which feeds on rodents, fish, crustaceans, frogs, and birds. In its introduced range in Europe it has been classified as an invasive species linked to declines in European mink, Pyrenean desman, and water vole populations. It is the most frequently farmed animal for its fur, exceeding the silver fox, sable, marten, and skunk in economic importance.

text: The

text: American

text: mink

text: Neovison

text: vison

text: is

text: semiaquatic

text: species

text: of

text: mustelid

text: native

text: to

text: North

text: America

text: though

text: human

text: intervention

text: has

text: expanded

text: its

text: range

text: to

text: many

text: parts

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: Because

text: of

text: range

text: expansion

text: the

text: American

text: mink

text: is

text: classed

text: as

text: least

text: concern

text: species

text: by

text: the

text: IUCN

text: Since

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: the

text: sea

text: mink

text: the

text: American

text: mink

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: extant

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Neovison

text: The

text: American

text: mink

text: is

text: carnivore

text: which

text: feeds

text: on

text: rodents

text: fish

text: crustaceans

text: frogs

text: and

text: birds

text: In

text: its

text: introduced

text: range

text: in

text: Europe

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: classified

text: as

text: an

text: invasive

text: species

text: linked

text: to

text: declines

text: in

text: European

text: mink

text: Pyrenean

text: desman

text: and

text: water

text: vole

text: populations

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: frequently

text: farmed

text: animal

text: for

text: its

text: fur

text: exceeding

text: the

text: silver

text: fox

text: sable

text: marten

text: and

text: skunk

text: in

text: economic

text: importance

text: Peru , officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.

text: Peru

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Peru

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Colombia

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Brazil

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Chile

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Peru

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: biodiverse

text: country

text: with

text: habitats

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: arid

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coastal

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: peaks

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: mountains

text: vertically

text: extending

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: the

text: tropical

text: Amazon

text: Basin

text: rainforest

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Amazon

text: river

text: The European mink ("Mustela lutreola"), also known as the Russian mink, is a semiaquatic species of mustelid native to Europe.

text: The

text: European

text: mink

text: Mustela

text: lutreola

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: mink

text: is

text: semiaquatic

text: species

text: of

text: mustelid

text: native

text: to

text: Europe

text:
Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects. Opioids are most often used medically to relieve pain, and by people addicted to opioids. Opioids include , an older term that refers to such drugs derived from , including morphine itself. Other opioids are semi-synthetic and synthetic drugs such as hydrocodone, oxycodone and fentanyl; antagonist drugs such as naloxone and endogenous peptides such as the endorphins. The terms and are sometimes encountered as synonyms for opioid. is properly limited to the natural alkaloids found in the resin of the opium poppy although some include semi-synthetic derivatives. , derived from words meaning or , as an American legal term, refers to cocaine and opioids, and their source materials; it is also loosely applied to any illegal or controlled psychoactive drug. In other jurisdictions all controlled drugs are legally classified as "narcotics". The term can have pejorative connotations and its use is generally discouraged where that is the case.
Primarily used for pain relief, including anesthesia they are also used to suppress cough, suppress diarrhea, treat addiction, reverse opioid overdose, and suppress opioid induced constipation. Extremely strong opioids are approved only for veterinary use such as immobilizing large mammals. Opioids act by binding to opioid receptors, which are found principally in the central and peripheral nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract. These receptors mediate both the psychoactive and the somatic effects of opioids. Opioid drugs include partial agonists and antagonists, which produce moderate or no effect (respectively) but displace other opioids from binding in those receptors.
The side effects of opioids may include itchiness, sedation, nausea, respiratory depression, constipation, and euphoria. Tolerance and dependence will develop with continuous use, requiring increasing doses and leading to a withdrawal syndrome upon abrupt discontinuation. The euphoria attracts recreational use, and frequent, escalating recreational use of opioids typically results in addiction. Accidental overdose or concurrent use with other depressant drugs commonly results in death from respiratory depression. Because of opioid drugs' reputation for addiction and fatal overdose, most are controlled substances.
Illicit production, smuggling, and addiction to opioids prompted treaties, laws and policing which have realized limited success. In 2013 between 28 and 38 million people used opioids illicitly (0.6% to 0.8% of the global population between the ages of 15 and 65). In 2011 an estimated 4 million people in the United States used opioids recreationally or were dependent on them. Current increased rates of recreational use and addiction are attributed to over-prescription of opioid medications and inexpensive illicit heroin. Conversely, fears about over-prescribing, exaggerated side effects and addiction from opioids are similarly blamed for under-treatment of pain.

text: Opioids

text: are

text: substances

text: that

text: act

text: on

text: opioid

text: receptors

text: to

text: produce

text: morphine

text: like

text: effects

text: Opioids

text: are

text: most

text: often

text: used

text: medically

text: to

text: relieve

text: pain

text: and

text: by

text: people

text: addicted

text: to

text: opioids

text: Opioids

text: include

text: an

text: older

text: term

text: that

text: refers

text: to

text: such

text: drugs

text: derived

text: from

text: including

text: morphine

text: itself

text: Other

text: opioids

text: are

text: semi

text: synthetic

text: and

text: synthetic

text: drugs

text: such

text: as

text: hydrocodone

text: oxycodone

text: and

text: fentanyl

text: antagonist

text: drugs

text: such

text: as

text: naloxone

text: and

text: endogenous

text: peptides

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: endorphins

text: The

text: terms

text: and

text: are

text: sometimes

text: encountered

text: as

text: synonyms

text: for

text: opioid

text: is

text: properly

text: limited

text: to

text: the

text: natural

text: alkaloids

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: resin

text: of

text: the

text: opium

text: poppy

text: although

text: some

text: include

text: semi

text: synthetic

text: derivatives

text: derived

text: from

text: words

text: meaning

text: or

text: as

text: an

text: American

text: legal

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: cocaine

text: and

text: opioids

text: and

text: their

text: source

text: materials

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: any

text: illegal

text: or

text: controlled

text: psychoactive

text: drug

text: In

text: other

text: jurisdictions

text: all

text: controlled

text: drugs

text: are

text: legally

text: classified

text: as

text: narcotics

text: The

text: term

text: can

text: have

text: pejorative

text: connotations

text: and

text: its

text: use

text: is

text: generally

text: discouraged

text: where

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: case

text: Primarily

text: used

text: for

text: pain

text: relief

text: including

text: anesthesia

text: they

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: suppress

text: cough

text: suppress

text: diarrhea

text: treat

text: addiction

text: reverse

text: opioid

text: overdose

text: and

text: suppress

text: opioid

text: induced

text: constipation

text: Extremely

text: strong

text: opioids

text: are

text: approved

text: only

text: for

text: veterinary

text: use

text: such

text: as

text: immobilizing

text: large

text: mammals

text: Opioids

text: act

text: by

text: binding

text: to

text: opioid

text: receptors

text: which

text: are

text: found

text: principally

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: peripheral

text: nervous

text: system

text: and

text: the

text: gastrointestinal

text: tract

text: These

text: receptors

text: mediate

text: both

text: the

text: psychoactive

text: and

text: the

text: somatic

text: effects

text: of

text: opioids

text: Opioid

text: drugs

text: include

text: partial

text: agonists

text: and

text: antagonists

text: which

text: produce

text: moderate

text: or

text: no

text: effect

text: respectively

text: but

text: displace

text: other

text: opioids

text: from

text: binding

text: in

text: those

text: receptors

text: The

text: side

text: effects

text: of

text: opioids

text: may

text: include

text: itchiness

text: sedation

text: nausea

text: respiratory

text: depression

text: constipation

text: and

text: euphoria

text: Tolerance

text: and

text: dependence

text: will

text: develop

text: with

text: continuous

text: use

text: requiring

text: increasing

text: doses

text: and

text: leading

text: to

text: withdrawal

text: syndrome

text: upon

text: abrupt

text: discontinuation

text: The

text: euphoria

text: attracts

text: recreational

text: use

text: and

text: frequent

text: escalating

text: recreational

text: use

text: of

text: opioids

text: typically

text: results

text: in

text: addiction

text: Accidental

text: overdose

text: or

text: concurrent

text: use

text: with

text: other

text: depressant

text: drugs

text: commonly

text: results

text: in

text: death

text: from

text: respiratory

text: depression

text: Because

text: of

text: opioid

text: drugs

text: reputation

text: for

text: addiction

text: and

text: fatal

text: overdose

text: most

text: are

text: controlled

text: substances

text: Illicit

text: production

text: smuggling

text: and

text: addiction

text: to

text: opioids

text: prompted

text: treaties

text: laws

text: and

text: policing

text: which

text: have

text: realized

text: limited

text: success

text: In

text: between

text: and

text: million

text: people

text: used

text: opioids

text: illicitly

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: between

text: the

text: ages

text: of

text: and

text: In

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: used

text: opioids

text: recreationally

text: or

text: were

text: dependent

text: on

text: them

text: Current

text: increased

text: rates

text: of

text: recreational

text: use

text: and

text: addiction

text: are

text: attributed

text: to

text: over

text: prescription

text: of

text: opioid

text: medications

text: and

text: inexpensive

text: illicit

text: heroin

text: Conversely

text: fears

text: about

text: over

text: prescribing

text: exaggerated

text: side

text: effects

text: and

text: addiction

text: from

text: opioids

text: are

text: similarly

text: blamed

text: for

text: under

text: treatment

text: of

text: pain

text: Frank `` Black Caesar '' Matthews ( born February 13 , 1944 ) is a major heroin and cocaine trafficker who operated throughout the eastern seaboard during the late 1960s and early 1970s . At the peak of his career he operated in 21 states and supplied major dealers throughout every region of the country . Although there is more attention paid to other drug kingpins of the era , Frank Matthews is said by the DEA to be one of the most significant traffickers of the time . He led a flamboyant lifestyle , with large sable mink coats , prime seats at major sporting events , luxury vehicles , and regular trips to Las Vegas where he was treated like a king . Matthews would also become known for hosting a major African - American drug dealers `` summit '' in Atlanta in 1971 . The attendee list , gathered by DEA surveillance , was a who 's who of most major African - American and Hispanic dealers throughout the country ; they were all there to discuss how to break the Italian Mafia 's control of heroin importation so that blacks would not have to rely on them for survival in the future .

text: Frank

text: Black

text: Caesar

text: Matthews

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: major

text: heroin

text: and

text: cocaine

text: trafficker

text: who

text: operated

text: throughout

text: the

text: eastern

text: seaboard

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: At

text: the

text: peak

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: he

text: operated

text: in

text: states

text: and

text: supplied

text: major

text: dealers

text: throughout

text: every

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Although

text: there

text: is

text: more

text: attention

text: paid

text: to

text: other

text: drug

text: kingpins

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: Frank

text: Matthews

text: is

text: said

text: by

text: the

text: DEA

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: significant

text: traffickers

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: He

text: led

text: flamboyant

text: lifestyle

text: with

text: large

text: sable

text: mink

text: coats

text: prime

text: seats

text: at

text: major

text: sporting

text: events

text: luxury

text: vehicles

text: and

text: regular

text: trips

text: to

text: Las

text: Vegas

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: treated

text: like

text: king

text: Matthews

text: would

text: also

text: become

text: known

text: for

text: hosting

text: major

text: African

text: American

text: drug

text: dealers

text: summit

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: in

text: The

text: attendee

text: list

text: gathered

text: by

text: DEA

text: surveillance

text: was

text: who

text: 's

text: who

text: of

text: most

text: major

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: Hispanic

text: dealers

text: throughout

text: the

text: country

text: they

text: were

text: all

text: there

text: to

text: discuss

text: how

text: to

text: break

text: the

text: Italian

text: Mafia

text: 's

text: control

text: of

text: heroin

text: importation

text: so

text: that

text: blacks

text: would

text: not

text: have

text: to

text: rely

text: on

text: them

text: for

text: survival

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, or bumping the "funny bone". Because it is a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge. The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely used definition states: "Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage." In medical diagnosis, pain is regarded as a symptom of an underlying condition.

text: Pain

text: is

text: distressing

text: feeling

text: often

text: caused

text: by

text: intense

text: or

text: damaging

text: stimuli

text: such

text: as

text: stubbing

text: toe

text: burning

text: finger

text: putting

text: alcohol

text: on

text: cut

text: or

text: bumping

text: the

text: funny

text: bone

text: Because

text: it

text: is

text: complex

text: subjective

text: phenomenon

text: defining

text: pain

text: has

text: been

text: challenge

text: The

text: International

text: Association

text: for

text: the

text: Study

text: of

text: Pain

text: 's

text: widely

text: used

text: definition

text: states

text: Pain

text: is

text: an

text: unpleasant

text: sensory

text: and

text: emotional

text: experience

text: associated

text: with

text: actual

text: or

text: potential

text: tissue

text: damage

text: or

text: described

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: such

text: damage

text: In

text: medical

text: diagnosis

text: pain

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: symptom

text: of

text: an

text: underlying

text: condition

text: Cannabis is a genus of flowering plant that includes three species (and seven taxa) or subspecies, "sativa", "indica", and "ruderalis". The plant is indigenous to central Asia and the Indian subcontinent.

text: Cannabis

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: flowering

text: plant

text: that

text: includes

text: three

text: species

text: and

text: seven

text: taxa

text: or

text: subspecies

text: sativa

text: indica

text: and

text: ruderalis

text: The

text: plant

text: is

text: indigenous

text: to

text: central

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term "crime" does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual or individuals but also to a community, society or the state ("a public wrong"). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.

text: In

text: ordinary

text: language

text: crime

text: is

text: an

text: unlawful

text: act

text: punishable

text: by

text: state

text: or

text: other

text: authority

text: The

text: term

text: crime

text: does

text: not

text: in

text: modern

text: criminal

text: law

text: have

text: any

text: simple

text: and

text: universally

text: accepted

text: definition

text: though

text: statutory

text: definitions

text: have

text: been

text: provided

text: for

text: certain

text: purposes

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: view

text: is

text: that

text: crime

text: is

text: category

text: created

text: by

text: law

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: something

text: is

text: crime

text: if

text: declared

text: as

text: such

text: by

text: the

text: relevant

text: and

text: applicable

text: law

text: One

text: proposed

text: definition

text: is

text: that

text: crime

text: or

text: offence

text: or

text: criminal

text: offence

text: is

text: an

text: act

text: harmful

text: not

text: only

text: to

text: some

text: individual

text: or

text: individuals

text: but

text: also

text: to

text: community

text: society

text: or

text: the

text: state

text: public

text: wrong

text: Such

text: acts

text: are

text: forbidden

text: and

text: punishable

text: by

text: law

text:
Opiates are alkaloid compounds naturally found in the opium poppy plant "Papaver somniferum".
The psychoactive compounds found in the opium plant include morphine, codeine, and thebaine. The term "opiate" should be differentiated from the broader term "opioid," which includes all drugs with morphine-like effects, including opiates, semi-synthetic opioids derived from opiates (such as heroin, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, oxycodone, and oxymorphone), and synthetic opioids which are not derived from opiates (such as fentanyl, buprenorphine, and methadone). All opioids, including the opiates, are considered drugs of high abuse potential and are listed on various "Substance-Control Schedules" under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act of the United States.

text: Opiates

text: are

text: alkaloid

text: compounds

text: naturally

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: opium

text: poppy

text: plant

text: Papaver

text: somniferum

text: The

text: psychoactive

text: compounds

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: opium

text: plant

text: include

text: morphine

text: codeine

text: and

text: thebaine

text: The

text: term

text: opiate

text: should

text: be

text: differentiated

text: from

text: the

text: broader

text: term

text: opioid

text: which

text: includes

text: all

text: drugs

text: with

text: morphine

text: like

text: effects

text: including

text: opiates

text: semi

text: synthetic

text: opioids

text: derived

text: from

text: opiates

text: such

text: as

text: heroin

text: hydrocodone

text: hydromorphone

text: oxycodone

text: and

text: oxymorphone

text: and

text: synthetic

text: opioids

text: which

text: are

text: not

text: derived

text: from

text: opiates

text: such

text: as

text: fentanyl

text: buprenorphine

text: and

text: methadone

text: All

text: opioids

text: including

text: the

text: opiates

text: are

text: considered

text: drugs

text: of

text: high

text: abuse

text: potential

text: and

text: are

text: listed

text: on

text: various

text: Substance

text: Control

text: Schedules

text: under

text: the

text: Uniform

text: Controlled

text: Substances

text: Act

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Opium (poppy tears, with the scientific name: "Lachryma papaveris") is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (scientific name: "Papaver somniferum"). Opium latex contains approximately 12 percent of the analgesic alkaloid morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and for the illegal drug trade. The latex also contains the closely related opiates codeine and thebaine, and non-analgesic alkaloids such as papaverine and noscapine. The traditional, labor-intensive method of obtaining the latex is to scratch ("score") the immature seed pods (fruits) by hand; the latex leaks out and dries to a sticky yellowish residue that is later scraped off and dehydrated. The word "meconium" (derived from the Greek for "opium-like", but now used to refer to infant stools) historically referred to related, weaker preparations made from other parts of the opium poppy or different species of poppies.

text: Opium

text: poppy

text: tears

text: with

text: the

text: scientific

text: name

text: Lachryma

text: papaveris

text: is

text: the

text: dried

text: latex

text: obtained

text: from

text: the

text: opium

text: poppy

text: scientific

text: name

text: Papaver

text: somniferum

text: Opium

text: latex

text: contains

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: analgesic

text: alkaloid

text: morphine

text: which

text: is

text: processed

text: chemically

text: to

text: produce

text: heroin

text: and

text: other

text: synthetic

text: opioids

text: for

text: medicinal

text: use

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: illegal

text: drug

text: trade

text: The

text: latex

text: also

text: contains

text: the

text: closely

text: related

text: opiates

text: codeine

text: and

text: thebaine

text: and

text: non

text: analgesic

text: alkaloids

text: such

text: as

text: papaverine

text: and

text: noscapine

text: The

text: traditional

text: labor

text: intensive

text: method

text: of

text: obtaining

text: the

text: latex

text: is

text: to

text: scratch

text: score

text: the

text: immature

text: seed

text: pods

text: fruits

text: by

text: hand

text: the

text: latex

text: leaks

text: out

text: and

text: dries

text: to

text: sticky

text: yellowish

text: residue

text: that

text: is

text: later

text: scraped

text: off

text: and

text: dehydrated

text: The

text: word

text: meconium

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: for

text: opium

text: like

text: but

text: now

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: infant

text: stools

text: historically

text: referred

text: to

text: related

text: weaker

text: preparations

text: made

text: from

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: opium

text: poppy

text: or

text: different

text: species

text: of

text: poppies

text:
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the microscopic air sacs known as alveoli. Typical signs and symptoms include a varying severity and combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing, depending on the underlying cause.
Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications and conditions such as autoimmune diseases. Risk factors include other lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough such as following a stroke, or a weak immune system. Diagnosis is often based on the symptoms and physical examination. Chest X-ray, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis. The disease may be classified by where it was acquired with community, hospital, or health care associated pneumonia.
Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia are available. Other methods of prevention include handwashing and not smoking. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized. Oxygen therapy may be used if oxygen levels are low.
Pneumonia affects approximately 450 million people globally (7% of the population) and results in about 4 million deaths per year. Pneumonia was regarded by William Osler in the 19th century as "the captain of the men of death". With the introduction of antibiotics and vaccines in the 20th century, survival improved. Nevertheless, in developing countries, and among the very old, the very young, and the chronically ill, pneumonia remains a leading cause of death. Pneumonia often shortens suffering among those already close to death and has thus been called "the old man's friend".

text: Pneumonia

text: is

text: an

text: inflammatory

text: condition

text: of

text: the

text: lung

text: affecting

text: primarily

text: the

text: microscopic

text: air

text: sacs

text: known

text: as

text: alveoli

text: Typical

text: signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: include

text: varying

text: severity

text: and

text: combination

text: of

text: productive

text: or

text: dry

text: cough

text: chest

text: pain

text: fever

text: and

text: trouble

text: breathing

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: underlying

text: cause

text: Pneumonia

text: is

text: usually

text: caused

text: by

text: infection

text: with

text: viruses

text: or

text: bacteria

text: and

text: less

text: commonly

text: by

text: other

text: microorganisms

text: certain

text: medications

text: and

text: conditions

text: such

text: as

text: autoimmune

text: diseases

text: Risk

text: factors

text: include

text: other

text: lung

text: diseases

text: such

text: as

text: cystic

text: fibrosis

text: COPD

text: and

text: asthma

text: diabetes

text: heart

text: failure

text: history

text: of

text: smoking

text: poor

text: ability

text: to

text: cough

text: such

text: as

text: following

text: stroke

text: or

text: weak

text: immune

text: system

text: Diagnosis

text: is

text: often

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: symptoms

text: and

text: physical

text: examination

text: Chest

text: ray

text: blood

text: tests

text: and

text: culture

text: of

text: the

text: sputum

text: may

text: help

text: confirm

text: the

text: diagnosis

text: The

text: disease

text: may

text: be

text: classified

text: by

text: where

text: it

text: was

text: acquired

text: with

text: community

text: hospital

text: or

text: health

text: care

text: associated

text: pneumonia

text: Vaccines

text: to

text: prevent

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: pneumonia

text: are

text: available

text: Other

text: methods

text: of

text: prevention

text: include

text: handwashing

text: and

text: not

text: smoking

text: Treatment

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: underlying

text: cause

text: Pneumonia

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: bacteria

text: is

text: treated

text: with

text: antibiotics

text: If

text: the

text: pneumonia

text: is

text: severe

text: the

text: affected

text: person

text: is

text: generally

text: hospitalized

text: Oxygen

text: therapy

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: if

text: oxygen

text: levels

text: are

text: low

text: Pneumonia

text: affects

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: globally

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: results

text: in

text: about

text: million

text: deaths

text: per

text: year

text: Pneumonia

text: was

text: regarded

text: by

text: William

text: Osler

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: as

text: the

text: captain

text: of

text: the

text: men

text: of

text: death

text: With

text: the

text: introduction

text: of

text: antibiotics

text: and

text: vaccines

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: survival

text: improved

text: Nevertheless

text: in

text: developing

text: countries

text: and

text: among

text: the

text: very

text: old

text: the

text: very

text: young

text: and

text: the

text: chronically

text: ill

text: pneumonia

text: remains

text: leading

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: Pneumonia

text: often

text: shortens

text: suffering

text: among

text: those

text: already

text: close

text: to

text: death

text: and

text: has

text: thus

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: old

text: man

text: 's

text: friend

text: Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , "Afnistn"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.

text: Afghanistan

text: Pashto

text: Dari

text: Afnistn

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: within

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Turkmenistan

text: Uzbekistan

text: and

text: Tajikistan

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: Its

text: territory

text: covers

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The bloodbrain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS). The bloodbrain barrier is formed by brain endothelial cells, which are connected by tight junctions. The bloodbrain barrier allows the passage of water, some gases, and lipid-soluble molecules by passive diffusion, as well as the selective transport of molecules such as glucose and amino acids that are crucial to neural function. Furthermore, it prevents the entry of lipophilic potential neurotoxins by way of an active transport mechanism mediated by P-glycoprotein. Astrocytes have been claimed to be necessary to create the bloodbrain barrier. A few regions in the brain, including the circumventricular organs, do not have a bloodbrain barrier.

text: The

text: bloodbrain

text: barrier

text: BBB

text: is

text: highly

text: selective

text: semipermeable

text: membrane

text: barrier

text: that

text: separates

text: the

text: circulating

text: blood

text: from

text: the

text: brain

text: extracellular

text: fluid

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: nervous

text: system

text: CNS

text: The

text: bloodbrain

text: barrier

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: brain

text: endothelial

text: cells

text: which

text: are

text: connected

text: by

text: tight

text: junctions

text: The

text: bloodbrain

text: barrier

text: allows

text: the

text: passage

text: of

text: water

text: some

text: gases

text: and

text: lipid

text: soluble

text: molecules

text: by

text: passive

text: diffusion

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: selective

text: transport

text: of

text: molecules

text: such

text: as

text: glucose

text: and

text: amino

text: acids

text: that

text: are

text: crucial

text: to

text: neural

text: function

text: Furthermore

text: it

text: prevents

text: the

text: entry

text: of

text: lipophilic

text: potential

text: neurotoxins

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: an

text: active

text: transport

text: mechanism

text: mediated

text: by

text: glycoprotein

text: Astrocytes

text: have

text: been

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: necessary

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: bloodbrain

text: barrier

text: few

text: regions

text: in

text: the

text: brain

text: including

text: the

text: circumventricular

text: organs

text: do

text: not

text: have

text: bloodbrain

text: barrier

text: Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands. The sister group of mammals may be the extinct "Haldanodon." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida, which together with the Sauropsida form the Amniota clade. The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria.

text: Mammals

text: are

text: any

text: vertebrates

text: within

text: the

text: class

text: Mammalia

text: from

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: breast

text: clade

text: of

text: endothermic

text: amniotes

text: distinguished

text: from

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: by

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: neocortex

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: hair

text: three

text: middle

text: ear

text: bones

text: and

text: mammary

text: glands

text: The

text: sister

text: group

text: of

text: mammals

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: extinct

text: Haldanodon

text: The

text: mammals

text: represent

text: the

text: only

text: living

text: Synapsida

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Sauropsida

text: form

text: the

text: Amniota

text: clade

text: The

text: mammals

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Yinotheria

text: including

text: monotrema

text: and

text: the

text: Theriiformes

text: including

text: the

text: theria

text:
Stroke is when poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. They result in part of the brain not functioning properly. Signs and symptoms of a stroke may include an inability to move or feel on one side of the body, problems understanding or speaking, feeling like the world is spinning, or loss of vision to one side. Signs and symptoms often appear soon after the stroke has occurred. If symptoms last less than one or two hours it is known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or mini-stroke. A hemorrhagic stroke may also be associated with a severe headache. The symptoms of a stroke can be permanent. Long-term complications may include pneumonia or loss of bladder control.
The main risk factor for stroke is high blood pressure. Other risk factors include tobacco smoking, obesity, high blood cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, previous TIA, and atrial fibrillation. An ischemic stroke is typically caused by blockage of a blood vessel, though there are also less common causes. A hemorrhagic stroke is caused by either bleeding directly into the brain or into the space between the brain's membranes. Bleeding may occur due to a ruptured brain aneurysm. Diagnosis is typically with medical imaging such as a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan along with a physical exam. Other tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood tests are done to determine risk factors and rule out other possible causes. Low blood sugar may cause similar symptoms.
Prevention includes decreasing risk factors, as well as possibly aspirin, statins, surgery to open up the arteries to the brain in those with problematic narrowing, and warfarin in those with atrial fibrillation. A stroke or TIA often requires emergency care. An ischemic stroke, if detected within three to four and half hours, may be treatable with a medication that can break down the clot. Aspirin should be used. Some hemorrhagic strokes benefit from surgery. Treatment to try recover lost function is called stroke rehabilitation and ideally takes place in a stroke unit; however, these are not available in much of the world.
In 2013 approximately 6.9 million people had an ischemic stroke and 3.4 million people had a hemorrhagic stroke. In 2010 there were about 33 million people who had previously had a stroke and were still alive. Between 1990 and 2010 the number of strokes which occurred each year decreased by approximately 10% in the developed world and increased by 10% in the developing world. In 2013, stroke was the second most frequent cause of death after coronary artery disease, accounting for 6.4 million deaths (12% of the total). About 3.3 million deaths resulted from ischemic stroke while 3.2 million deaths resulted from hemorrhagic stroke. About half of people who have had a stroke live less than one year. Overall, two thirds of strokes occurred in those over 65 years old.

text: Stroke

text: is

text: when

text: poor

text: blood

text: flow

text: to

text: the

text: brain

text: results

text: in

text: cell

text: death

text: There

text: are

text: two

text: main

text: types

text: of

text: stroke

text: ischemic

text: due

text: to

text: lack

text: of

text: blood

text: flow

text: and

text: hemorrhagic

text: due

text: to

text: bleeding

text: They

text: result

text: in

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: not

text: functioning

text: properly

text: Signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: of

text: stroke

text: may

text: include

text: an

text: inability

text: to

text: move

text: or

text: feel

text: on

text: one

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: problems

text: understanding

text: or

text: speaking

text: feeling

text: like

text: the

text: world

text: is

text: spinning

text: or

text: loss

text: of

text: vision

text: to

text: one

text: side

text: Signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: often

text: appear

text: soon

text: after

text: the

text: stroke

text: has

text: occurred

text: If

text: symptoms

text: last

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: hours

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: transient

text: ischemic

text: attack

text: TIA

text: or

text: mini

text: stroke

text: hemorrhagic

text: stroke

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: associated

text: with

text: severe

text: headache

text: The

text: symptoms

text: of

text: stroke

text: can

text: be

text: permanent

text: Long

text: term

text: complications

text: may

text: include

text: pneumonia

text: or

text: loss

text: of

text: bladder

text: control

text: The

text: main

text: risk

text: factor

text: for

text: stroke

text: is

text: high

text: blood

text: pressure

text: Other

text: risk

text: factors

text: include

text: tobacco

text: smoking

text: obesity

text: high

text: blood

text: cholesterol

text: diabetes

text: mellitus

text: previous

text: TIA

text: and

text: atrial

text: fibrillation

text: An

text: ischemic

text: stroke

text: is

text: typically

text: caused

text: by

text: blockage

text: of

text: blood

text: vessel

text: though

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: less

text: common

text: causes

text: hemorrhagic

text: stroke

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: either

text: bleeding

text: directly

text: into

text: the

text: brain

text: or

text: into

text: the

text: space

text: between

text: the

text: brain

text: 's

text: membranes

text: Bleeding

text: may

text: occur

text: due

text: to

text: ruptured

text: brain

text: aneurysm

text: Diagnosis

text: is

text: typically

text: with

text: medical

text: imaging

text: such

text: as

text: CT

text: scan

text: or

text: magnetic

text: resonance

text: imaging

text: MRI

text: scan

text: along

text: with

text: physical

text: exam

text: Other

text: tests

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: electrocardiogram

text: ECG

text: and

text: blood

text: tests

text: are

text: done

text: to

text: determine

text: risk

text: factors

text: and

text: rule

text: out

text: other

text: possible

text: causes

text: Low

text: blood

text: sugar

text: may

text: cause

text: similar

text: symptoms

text: Prevention

text: includes

text: decreasing

text: risk

text: factors

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: possibly

text: aspirin

text: statins

text: surgery

text: to

text: open

text: up

text: the

text: arteries

text: to

text: the

text: brain

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: problematic

text: narrowing

text: and

text: warfarin

text: in

text: those

text: with

text: atrial

text: fibrillation

text: stroke

text: or

text: TIA

text: often

text: requires

text: emergency

text: care

text: An

text: ischemic

text: stroke

text: if

text: detected

text: within

text: three

text: to

text: four

text: and

text: half

text: hours

text: may

text: be

text: treatable

text: with

text: medication

text: that

text: can

text: break

text: down

text: the

text: clot

text: Aspirin

text: should

text: be

text: used

text: Some

text: hemorrhagic

text: strokes

text: benefit

text: from

text: surgery

text: Treatment

text: to

text: try

text: recover

text: lost

text: function

text: is

text: called

text: stroke

text: rehabilitation

text: and

text: ideally

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: stroke

text: unit

text: however

text: these

text: are

text: not

text: available

text: in

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: had

text: an

text: ischemic

text: stroke

text: and

text: million

text: people

text: had

text: hemorrhagic

text: stroke

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: who

text: had

text: previously

text: had

text: stroke

text: and

text: were

text: still

text: alive

text: Between

text: and

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: strokes

text: which

text: occurred

text: each

text: year

text: decreased

text: by

text: approximately

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: and

text: increased

text: by

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: In

text: stroke

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: frequent

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: after

text: coronary

text: artery

text: disease

text: accounting

text: for

text: million

text: deaths

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: About

text: million

text: deaths

text: resulted

text: from

text: ischemic

text: stroke

text: while

text: million

text: deaths

text: resulted

text: from

text: hemorrhagic

text: stroke

text: About

text: half

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: have

text: had

text: stroke

text: live

text: less

text: than

text: one

text: year

text: Overall

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: strokes

text: occurred

text: in

text: those

text: over

text: years

text: old

text: South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).

text: South

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: hemisphere

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: with

text: relatively

text: small

text: portion

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: model

text: used

text: in

text: nations

text: that

text: speak

text: Romance

text: languages

text: The

text: reference

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: instead

text: of

text: other

text: regions

text: like

text: Latin

text: America

text: or

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: has

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: due

text: to

text: changing

text: geopolitical

text: dynamics

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Brazil

question: field_of_work frank matthews

answer: illegal drug trade

text: illegal drug trade