text: The right gastric artery arises above the pylorus from the proper hepatic artery or less frequently from the common hepatic artery, descends to the pyloric end of the stomach, and passes from right to left along its lesser curvature, supplying it with branches, and anastomosing with the left gastric artery.

text: The

text: right

text: gastric

text: artery

text: arises

text: above

text: the

text: pylorus

text: from

text: the

text: proper

text: hepatic

text: artery

text: or

text: less

text: frequently

text: from

text: the

text: common

text: hepatic

text: artery

text: descends

text: to

text: the

text: pyloric

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: stomach

text: and

text: passes

text: from

text: right

text: to

text: left

text: along

text: its

text: lesser

text: curvature

text: supplying

text: it

text: with

text: branches

text: and

text: anastomosing

text: with

text: the

text: left

text: gastric

text: artery

text: The duodenal bulb is the portion of the duodenum which is closest to the stomach. It normally has a length of about 5 centimeters. The duodenal bulb begins at the pylorus and ends at the neck of the gallbladder. It is located posterior to the liver and the gallbladder, and superior to the pancreatic head. The gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, and common bile duct lie just behind it. The distal part of the bulb is located retroperitoneally. It abuts the Pyloric sphincter.

text: The

text: duodenal

text: bulb

text: is

text: the

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: duodenum

text: which

text: is

text: closest

text: to

text: the

text: stomach

text: It

text: normally

text: has

text: length

text: of

text: about

text: centimeters

text: The

text: duodenal

text: bulb

text: begins

text: at

text: the

text: pylorus

text: and

text: ends

text: at

text: the

text: neck

text: of

text: the

text: gallbladder

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: posterior

text: to

text: the

text: liver

text: and

text: the

text: gallbladder

text: and

text: superior

text: to

text: the

text: pancreatic

text: head

text: The

text: gastroduodenal

text: artery

text: portal

text: vein

text: and

text: common

text: bile

text: duct

text: lie

text: just

text: behind

text: it

text: The

text: distal

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: bulb

text: is

text: located

text: retroperitoneally

text: It

text: abuts

text: the

text: Pyloric

text: sphincter

text:
The duodenum
is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. In mammals the duodenum may be the principal site for iron absorption.

text: The

text: duodenum

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

text: in

text: most

text: higher

text: vertebrates

text: including

text: mammals

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: In

text: fish

text: the

text: divisions

text: of

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

text: are

text: not

text: as

text: clear

text: and

text: the

text: terms

text: anterior

text: intestine

text: or

text: proximal

text: intestine

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: instead

text: of

text: duodenum

text: In

text: mammals

text: the

text: duodenum

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: principal

text: site

text: for

text: iron

text: absorption

text: The liver is a vital organ of vertebrates and some other animals. In the human, it is located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. The liver has a wide range of functions, including detoxification of various metabolites, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.

text: The

text: liver

text: is

text: vital

text: organ

text: of

text: vertebrates

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: animals

text: In

text: the

text: human

text: it

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: right

text: quadrant

text: of

text: the

text: abdomen

text: below

text: the

text: diaphragm

text: The

text: liver

text: has

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: functions

text: including

text: detoxification

text: of

text: various

text: metabolites

text: protein

text: synthesis

text: and

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: biochemicals

text: necessary

text: for

text: digestion

text: The pancreatic duct, or duct of Wirsung (also, the major pancreatic duct due to the existence of an accessory pancreatic duct), is a duct joining the pancreas to the common bile duct to supply pancreatic juice provided from the exocrine pancreas which aids in digestion. The pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct just prior to the ampulla of Vater, after which both ducts perforate the medial side of the second portion of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla. There are many anatomical variants reported but these are quite rare.

text: The

text: pancreatic

text: duct

text: or

text: duct

text: of

text: Wirsung

text: also

text: the

text: major

text: pancreatic

text: duct

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: existence

text: of

text: an

text: accessory

text: pancreatic

text: duct

text: is

text: duct

text: joining

text: the

text: pancreas

text: to

text: the

text: common

text: bile

text: duct

text: to

text: supply

text: pancreatic

text: juice

text: provided

text: from

text: the

text: exocrine

text: pancreas

text: which

text: aids

text: in

text: digestion

text: The

text: pancreatic

text: duct

text: joins

text: the

text: common

text: bile

text: duct

text: just

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: ampulla

text: of

text: Vater

text: after

text: which

text: both

text: ducts

text: perforate

text: the

text: medial

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: second

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: duodenum

text: at

text: the

text: major

text: duodenal

text: papilla

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: anatomical

text: variants

text: reported

text: but

text: these

text: are

text: quite

text: rare

text: The common hepatic duct is the duct formed by the convergence of the right hepatic duct (which drains bile from the right functional lobe of the liver) and the left hepatic duct (which drains bile from the left functional lobe of the liver). The common hepatic duct then joins the cystic duct coming from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct. The duct is usually 68 cm length.

text: The

text: common

text: hepatic

text: duct

text: is

text: the

text: duct

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: convergence

text: of

text: the

text: right

text: hepatic

text: duct

text: which

text: drains

text: bile

text: from

text: the

text: right

text: functional

text: lobe

text: of

text: the

text: liver

text: and

text: the

text: left

text: hepatic

text: duct

text: which

text: drains

text: bile

text: from

text: the

text: left

text: functional

text: lobe

text: of

text: the

text: liver

text: The

text: common

text: hepatic

text: duct

text: then

text: joins

text: the

text: cystic

text: duct

text: coming

text: from

text: the

text: gallbladder

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: common

text: bile

text: duct

text: The

text: duct

text: is

text: usually

text: cm

text: length

text: The portal vein or hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver. This blood is rich in nutrients that have been extracted from food, and the liver processes these nutrients; it also filters toxins that may have been ingested with the food. 75% of total liver blood flow is through the portal vein, with the remainder coming from the hepatic artery proper. The blood leaves the liver to the heart in the hepatic veins.

text: The

text: portal

text: vein

text: or

text: hepatic

text: portal

text: vein

text: is

text: blood

text: vessel

text: that

text: carries

text: blood

text: from

text: the

text: gastrointestinal

text: tract

text: gallbladder

text: pancreas

text: and

text: spleen

text: to

text: the

text: liver

text: This

text: blood

text: is

text: rich

text: in

text: nutrients

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: extracted

text: from

text: food

text: and

text: the

text: liver

text: processes

text: these

text: nutrients

text: it

text: also

text: filters

text: toxins

text: that

text: may

text: have

text: been

text: ingested

text: with

text: the

text: food

text: of

text: total

text: liver

text: blood

text: flow

text: is

text: through

text: the

text: portal

text: vein

text: with

text: the

text: remainder

text: coming

text: from

text: the

text: hepatic

text: artery

text: proper

text: The

text: blood

text: leaves

text: the

text: liver

text: to

text: the

text: heart

text: in

text: the

text: hepatic

text: veins

text:
The celiac (or coeliac) artery, also known as the celiac trunk, or truncus coeliacus, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta.
It is 1.25 cm in length.
Branching from the aorta at thoracic vertebra 12 (T12) in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta (the others are the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries).

text: The

text: celiac

text: or

text: coeliac

text: artery

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: celiac

text: trunk

text: or

text: truncus

text: coeliacus

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: abdominal

text: aorta

text: It

text: is

text: cm

text: in

text: length

text: Branching

text: from

text: the

text: aorta

text: at

text: thoracic

text: vertebra

text: in

text: humans

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: three

text: anterior/

text: midline

text: branches

text: of

text: the

text: abdominal

text: aorta

text: the

text: others

text: are

text: the

text: superior

text: and

text: inferior

text: mesenteric

text: arteries

text: The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the gastrointestinal tract that functions as an important organ in the digestive system. The stomach is present in many animals including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects (mid-gut), and molluscs. In humans and many other vertebrates it is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication (chewing).

text: The

text: stomach

text: is

text: muscular

text: hollow

text: dilated

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: gastrointestinal

text: tract

text: that

text: functions

text: as

text: an

text: important

text: organ

text: in

text: the

text: digestive

text: system

text: The

text: stomach

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: many

text: animals

text: including

text: vertebrates

text: echinoderms

text: insects

text: mid

text: gut

text: and

text: molluscs

text: In

text: humans

text: and

text: many

text: other

text: vertebrates

text: it

text: is

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: phase

text: of

text: digestion

text: following

text: mastication

text: chewing

text: The cystic duct is the short duct that joins the gallbladder to the common bile duct. It usually lies next to the cystic artery. It is of variable length. It contains 'spiral valves of Heister', which do not provide much resistance to the flow of bile.

text: The

text: cystic

text: duct

text: is

text: the

text: short

text: duct

text: that

text: joins

text: the

text: gallbladder

text: to

text: the

text: common

text: bile

text: duct

text: It

text: usually

text: lies

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: cystic

text: artery

text: It

text: is

text: of

text: variable

text: length

text: It

text: contains

text: spiral

text: valves

text: of

text: Heister

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: provide

text: much

text: resistance

text: to

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: bile

text: The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English) (/sfs/), commonly known as the food pipe or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach. The esophagus is a fibromuscular tube, about 25 centimetres long in adults, which travels behind the trachea and heart, passes through the diaphragm and empties into the uppermost region of the stomach. During swallowing, the epiglottis tilts backwards to prevent food from going down the larynx and lungs. The word "esophagus" is the Greek word for "gullet".

text: The

text: esophagus

text: American

text: English

text: or

text: oesophagus

text: British

text: English

text: /sfs/

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: food

text: pipe

text: or

text: gullet

text: is

text: an

text: organ

text: in

text: vertebrates

text: through

text: which

text: food

text: passes

text: aided

text: by

text: peristaltic

text: contractions

text: from

text: the

text: pharynx

text: to

text: the

text: stomach

text: The

text: esophagus

text: is

text: fibromuscular

text: tube

text: about

text: centimetres

text: long

text: in

text: adults

text: which

text: travels

text: behind

text: the

text: trachea

text: and

text: heart

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: diaphragm

text: and

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: uppermost

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: stomach

text: During

text: swallowing

text: the

text: epiglottis

text: tilts

text: backwards

text: to

text: prevent

text: food

text: from

text: going

text: down

text: the

text: larynx

text: and

text: lungs

text: The

text: word

text: esophagus

text: is

text: the

text: Greek

text: word

text: for

text: gullet

text: In human anatomy, the left gastric artery arises from the celiac artery and runs along the superior portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Branches also supply the lower esophagus. The left gastric artery anastomoses with the right gastric artery, which runs right to left.

text: In

text: human

text: anatomy

text: the

text: left

text: gastric

text: artery

text: arises

text: from

text: the

text: celiac

text: artery

text: and

text: runs

text: along

text: the

text: superior

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: lesser

text: curvature

text: of

text: the

text: stomach

text: Branches

text: also

text: supply

text: the

text: lower

text: esophagus

text: The

text: left

text: gastric

text: artery

text: anastomoses

text: with

text: the

text: right

text: gastric

text: artery

text: which

text: runs

text: right

text: to

text: left

text: The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the human body. There are three major types of blood vessels: the arteries, which carry the blood away from the heart; the capillaries, which enable the actual exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues; and the veins, which carry blood from the capillaries back toward the heart. The word "vascular", meaning relating to the blood vessels, is derived from the Latin "vas", meaning vessel. A few structures (such as cartilage and the lens of the eye) do not contain blood vessels and are labeled.

text: The

text: blood

text: vessels

text: are

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: circulatory

text: system

text: that

text: transports

text: blood

text: throughout

text: the

text: human

text: body

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: major

text: types

text: of

text: blood

text: vessels

text: the

text: arteries

text: which

text: carry

text: the

text: blood

text: away

text: from

text: the

text: heart

text: the

text: capillaries

text: which

text: enable

text: the

text: actual

text: exchange

text: of

text: water

text: and

text: chemicals

text: between

text: the

text: blood

text: and

text: the

text: tissues

text: and

text: the

text: veins

text: which

text: carry

text: blood

text: from

text: the

text: capillaries

text: back

text: toward

text: the

text: heart

text: The

text: word

text: vascular

text: meaning

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: blood

text: vessels

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: vas

text: meaning

text: vessel

text: few

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: cartilage

text: and

text: the

text: lens

text: of

text: the

text: eye

text: do

text: not

text: contain

text: blood

text: vessels

text: and

text: are

text: labeled

text: In human anatomy, the hepatic veins are the veins that drain de-oxygenated blood from the liver into the inferior vena cava. There are usually three upper hepatic veins draining from the left, middle, and right parts of the liver. These are larger than the group of lower hepatic veins that can number from six to twenty. All of the hepatic veins drain into the inferior vena cava.

text: In

text: human

text: anatomy

text: the

text: hepatic

text: veins

text: are

text: the

text: veins

text: that

text: drain

text: de

text: oxygenated

text: blood

text: from

text: the

text: liver

text: into

text: the

text: inferior

text: vena

text: cava

text: There

text: are

text: usually

text: three

text: upper

text: hepatic

text: veins

text: draining

text: from

text: the

text: left

text: middle

text: and

text: right

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: liver

text: These

text: are

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: group

text: of

text: lower

text: hepatic

text: veins

text: that

text: can

text: number

text: from

text: six

text: to

text: twenty

text: All

text: of

text: the

text: hepatic

text: veins

text: drain

text: into

text: the

text: inferior

text: vena

text: cava

text: The pancreas is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates. In humans, it is located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. It is an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide which circulate in the blood. The pancreas is also a digestive organ, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that assist digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. These enzymes help to further break down the carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in the chyme. The pancreas is also known as mixed gland.

text: The

text: pancreas

text: is

text: glandular

text: organ

text: in

text: the

text: digestive

text: system

text: and

text: endocrine

text: system

text: of

text: vertebrates

text: In

text: humans

text: it

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: abdominal

text: cavity

text: behind

text: the

text: stomach

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: endocrine

text: gland

text: producing

text: several

text: important

text: hormones

text: including

text: insulin

text: glucagon

text: somatostatin

text: and

text: pancreatic

text: polypeptide

text: which

text: circulate

text: in

text: the

text: blood

text: The

text: pancreas

text: is

text: also

text: digestive

text: organ

text: secreting

text: pancreatic

text: juice

text: containing

text: digestive

text: enzymes

text: that

text: assist

text: digestion

text: and

text: absorption

text: of

text: nutrients

text: in

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

text: These

text: enzymes

text: help

text: to

text: further

text: break

text: down

text: the

text: carbohydrates

text: proteins

text: and

text: lipids

text: in

text: the

text: chyme

text: The

text: pancreas

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: mixed

text: gland

text: The hepatic artery proper ( also proper hepatic artery ) , arises from the common hepatic artery and runs alongside the portal vein and the common bile duct to form the portal triad . A branch of the common hepatic artery -- the gastroduodenal artery gives off the small supraduodenal artery to the duodenal bulb . Then the right gastric artery comes off and runs to the left along the lesser curvature of the stomach to meet the left gastric artery , which is a branch of the celiac trunk . It subsequently bifurcates into the right and left hepatic arteries . Of note , the right and left hepatic arteries may demonstrate variant anatomy . A misplaced right hepatic artery may arise from the superior mesenteric artery ( SMA ) and a misplaced left hepatic artery may arise from the left gastric artery . The cystic artery generally comes off of the right hepatic artery .

text: The

text: hepatic

text: artery

text: proper

text: also

text: proper

text: hepatic

text: artery

text: arises

text: from

text: the

text: common

text: hepatic

text: artery

text: and

text: runs

text: alongside

text: the

text: portal

text: vein

text: and

text: the

text: common

text: bile

text: duct

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: portal

text: triad

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: hepatic

text: artery

text: the

text: gastroduodenal

text: artery

text: gives

text: off

text: the

text: small

text: supraduodenal

text: artery

text: to

text: the

text: duodenal

text: bulb

text: Then

text: the

text: right

text: gastric

text: artery

text: comes

text: off

text: and

text: runs

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: along

text: the

text: lesser

text: curvature

text: of

text: the

text: stomach

text: to

text: meet

text: the

text: left

text: gastric

text: artery

text: which

text: is

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: celiac

text: trunk

text: It

text: subsequently

text: bifurcates

text: into

text: the

text: right

text: and

text: left

text: hepatic

text: arteries

text: Of

text: note

text: the

text: right

text: and

text: left

text: hepatic

text: arteries

text: may

text: demonstrate

text: variant

text: anatomy

text: misplaced

text: right

text: hepatic

text: artery

text: may

text: arise

text: from

text: the

text: superior

text: mesenteric

text: artery

text: SMA

text: and

text: misplaced

text: left

text: hepatic

text: artery

text: may

text: arise

text: from

text: the

text: left

text: gastric

text: artery

text: The

text: cystic

text: artery

text: generally

text: comes

text: off

text: of

text: the

text: right

text: hepatic

text: artery

text:
The heart is a muscular organ in humans and other animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. Blood provides the body with oxygen and nutrients, as well as assists in the removal of metabolic wastes. The heart is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest.
In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria; and lower left and right ventricles. Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the "right heart" and their left counterparts as the "left heart". Fish in contrast have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while reptiles have three chambers. In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall of the heart is made up of three layers: epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
The heart pumps blood with a rhythm determined by a group of pacemaking cells in the sinoatrial node. These generate a current that causes contraction of the heart, traveling through the atrioventricular node and along the conduction system of the heart. The heart receives blood low in oxygen from the systemic circulation, which enters the right atrium from the superior and inferior venae cavae and passes to the right ventricle. From here it is pumped into the pulmonary circulation, through the lungs where it receives oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium, passes through the left ventricle and is pumped out through the aorta to the systemic circulationwhere the oxygen is used and metabolized to carbon dioxide. The heart beats at a resting rate close to 72 beats per minute. Exercise temporarily increases the rate, but lowers resting heart rate in the long term, and is good for heart health.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most common cause of death globally as of 2008, accounting for 30% of deaths. Of these more than three quarters are a result of coronary artery disease and stroke. Risk factors include: smoking, being overweight, little exercise, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and poorly controlled diabetes, among others. Cardiovascular diseases frequently have no symptoms or may cause chest pain or shortness of breath. Diagnosis of heart disease is often done by the taking of a medical history, listening to the heart-sounds with a stethoscope, ECG, and ultrasound. Specialists who focus on diseases of the heart are called cardiologists, although many specialties of medicine may be involved in treatment.

text: The

text: heart

text: is

text: muscular

text: organ

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: other

text: animals

text: which

text: pumps

text: blood

text: through

text: the

text: blood

text: vessels

text: of

text: the

text: circulatory

text: system

text: Blood

text: provides

text: the

text: body

text: with

text: oxygen

text: and

text: nutrients

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: assists

text: in

text: the

text: removal

text: of

text: metabolic

text: wastes

text: The

text: heart

text: is

text: located

text: between

text: the

text: lungs

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: compartment

text: of

text: the

text: chest

text: In

text: humans

text: other

text: mammals

text: and

text: birds

text: the

text: heart

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: four

text: chambers

text: upper

text: left

text: and

text: right

text: atria

text: and

text: lower

text: left

text: and

text: right

text: ventricles

text: Commonly

text: the

text: right

text: atrium

text: and

text: ventricle

text: are

text: referred

text: together

text: as

text: the

text: right

text: heart

text: and

text: their

text: left

text: counterparts

text: as

text: the

text: left

text: heart

text: Fish

text: in

text: contrast

text: have

text: two

text: chambers

text: an

text: atrium

text: and

text: ventricle

text: while

text: reptiles

text: have

text: three

text: chambers

text: In

text: healthy

text: heart

text: blood

text: flows

text: one

text: way

text: through

text: the

text: heart

text: due

text: to

text: heart

text: valves

text: which

text: prevent

text: backflow

text: The

text: heart

text: is

text: enclosed

text: in

text: protective

text: sac

text: the

text: pericardium

text: which

text: also

text: contains

text: small

text: amount

text: of

text: fluid

text: The

text: wall

text: of

text: the

text: heart

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: three

text: layers

text: epicardium

text: myocardium

text: and

text: endocardium

text: The

text: heart

text: pumps

text: blood

text: with

text: rhythm

text: determined

text: by

text: group

text: of

text: pacemaking

text: cells

text: in

text: the

text: sinoatrial

text: node

text: These

text: generate

text: current

text: that

text: causes

text: contraction

text: of

text: the

text: heart

text: traveling

text: through

text: the

text: atrioventricular

text: node

text: and

text: along

text: the

text: conduction

text: system

text: of

text: the

text: heart

text: The

text: heart

text: receives

text: blood

text: low

text: in

text: oxygen

text: from

text: the

text: systemic

text: circulation

text: which

text: enters

text: the

text: right

text: atrium

text: from

text: the

text: superior

text: and

text: inferior

text: venae

text: cavae

text: and

text: passes

text: to

text: the

text: right

text: ventricle

text: From

text: here

text: it

text: is

text: pumped

text: into

text: the

text: pulmonary

text: circulation

text: through

text: the

text: lungs

text: where

text: it

text: receives

text: oxygen

text: and

text: gives

text: off

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: Oxygenated

text: blood

text: then

text: returns

text: to

text: the

text: left

text: atrium

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: left

text: ventricle

text: and

text: is

text: pumped

text: out

text: through

text: the

text: aorta

text: to

text: the

text: systemic

text: circulationwhere

text: the

text: oxygen

text: is

text: used

text: and

text: metabolized

text: to

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: The

text: heart

text: beats

text: at

text: resting

text: rate

text: close

text: to

text: beats

text: per

text: minute

text: Exercise

text: temporarily

text: increases

text: the

text: rate

text: but

text: lowers

text: resting

text: heart

text: rate

text: in

text: the

text: long

text: term

text: and

text: is

text: good

text: for

text: heart

text: health

text: Cardiovascular

text: diseases

text: CVD

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: globally

text: as

text: of

text: accounting

text: for

text: of

text: deaths

text: Of

text: these

text: more

text: than

text: three

text: quarters

text: are

text: result

text: of

text: coronary

text: artery

text: disease

text: and

text: stroke

text: Risk

text: factors

text: include

text: smoking

text: being

text: overweight

text: little

text: exercise

text: high

text: cholesterol

text: high

text: blood

text: pressure

text: and

text: poorly

text: controlled

text: diabetes

text: among

text: others

text: Cardiovascular

text: diseases

text: frequently

text: have

text: no

text: symptoms

text: or

text: may

text: cause

text: chest

text: pain

text: or

text: shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: Diagnosis

text: of

text: heart

text: disease

text: is

text: often

text: done

text: by

text: the

text: taking

text: of

text: medical

text: history

text: listening

text: to

text: the

text: heart

text: sounds

text: with

text: stethoscope

text: ECG

text: and

text: ultrasound

text: Specialists

text: who

text: focus

text: on

text: diseases

text: of

text: the

text: heart

text: are

text: called

text: cardiologists

text: although

text: many

text: specialties

text: of

text: medicine

text: may

text: be

text: involved

text: in

text: treatment

text:
The pylorus (or ), or pyloric part, connects the stomach to the duodenum. The pylorus is considered as having two parts, the "pyloric antrum" (opening to the body of the stomach) and the "pyloric canal" (opening to the duodenum). The "pyloric canal" ends as the "pyloric orifice", which marks the junction between the stomach and the duodenum. The orifice is surrounded by a sphincter, a band of muscle, called the "pyloric sphincter".
The word "pylorus" comes from Greek , via Latin. The word "pylorus" in Greek means "gatekeeper", related to "gate" and is thus linguistically related to the word "pylon".

text: The

text: pylorus

text: or

text: or

text: pyloric

text: part

text: connects

text: the

text: stomach

text: to

text: the

text: duodenum

text: The

text: pylorus

text: is

text: considered

text: as

text: having

text: two

text: parts

text: the

text: pyloric

text: antrum

text: opening

text: to

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: the

text: stomach

text: and

text: the

text: pyloric

text: canal

text: opening

text: to

text: the

text: duodenum

text: The

text: pyloric

text: canal

text: ends

text: as

text: the

text: pyloric

text: orifice

text: which

text: marks

text: the

text: junction

text: between

text: the

text: stomach

text: and

text: the

text: duodenum

text: The

text: orifice

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: sphincter

text: band

text: of

text: muscle

text: called

text: the

text: pyloric

text: sphincter

text: The

text: word

text: pylorus

text: comes

text: from

text: Greek

text: via

text: Latin

text: The

text: word

text: pylorus

text: in

text: Greek

text: means

text: gatekeeper

text: related

text: to

text: gate

text: and

text: is

text: thus

text: linguistically

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: word

text: pylon

text: The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The region occupied by the abdomen is termed the abdominal cavity. In arthropods it is the posterior tagma of the body; it follows the thorax or cephalothorax. The abdomen stretches from the thorax at the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvis at the pelvic brim. The pelvic brim stretches from the lumbosacral joint (the intervertebral disc between L5 and S1) to the pubic symphysis and is the edge of the pelvic inlet. The space above this inlet and under the thoracic diaphragm is termed the abdominal cavity. The boundary of the abdominal cavity is the abdominal wall in the front and the peritoneal surface at the rear.

text: The

text: abdomen

text: less

text: formally

text: called

text: the

text: belly

text: stomach

text: tummy

text: or

text: midriff

text: constitutes

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: between

text: the

text: thorax

text: chest

text: and

text: pelvis

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: vertebrates

text: The

text: region

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: abdomen

text: is

text: termed

text: the

text: abdominal

text: cavity

text: In

text: arthropods

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: posterior

text: tagma

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: it

text: follows

text: the

text: thorax

text: or

text: cephalothorax

text: The

text: abdomen

text: stretches

text: from

text: the

text: thorax

text: at

text: the

text: thoracic

text: diaphragm

text: to

text: the

text: pelvis

text: at

text: the

text: pelvic

text: brim

text: The

text: pelvic

text: brim

text: stretches

text: from

text: the

text: lumbosacral

text: joint

text: the

text: intervertebral

text: disc

text: between

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: pubic

text: symphysis

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: pelvic

text: inlet

text: The

text: space

text: above

text: this

text: inlet

text: and

text: under

text: the

text: thoracic

text: diaphragm

text: is

text: termed

text: the

text: abdominal

text: cavity

text: The

text: boundary

text: of

text: the

text: abdominal

text: cavity

text: is

text: the

text: abdominal

text: wall

text: in

text: the

text: front

text: and

text: the

text: peritoneal

text: surface

text: at

text: the

text: rear

text: The common hepatic artery is a short blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver, pylorus of the stomach, duodenum and pancreas.

text: The

text: common

text: hepatic

text: artery

text: is

text: short

text: blood

text: vessel

text: that

text: supplies

text: oxygenated

text: blood

text: to

text: the

text: liver

text: pylorus

text: of

text: the

text: stomach

text: duodenum

text: and

text: pancreas

text: In anatomy, the gastroduodenal artery is a small blood vessel in the abdomen. It supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries).

text: In

text: anatomy

text: the

text: gastroduodenal

text: artery

text: is

text: small

text: blood

text: vessel

text: in

text: the

text: abdomen

text: It

text: supplies

text: blood

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: pylorus

text: distal

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: stomach

text: and

text: proximal

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: duodenum

text: and

text: indirectly

text: to

text: the

text: pancreatic

text: head

text: via

text: the

text: anterior

text: and

text: posterior

text: superior

text: pancreaticoduodenal

text: arteries

text: Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is inherently tied to embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated over immediate (embryology) and long (evolution) timescales. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.

text: Anatomy

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: biology

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: of

text: organisms

text: and

text: their

text: parts

text: Anatomy

text: is

text: inherently

text: tied

text: to

text: embryology

text: comparative

text: anatomy

text: evolutionary

text: biology

text: and

text: phylogeny

text: as

text: these

text: are

text: the

text: processes

text: by

text: which

text: anatomy

text: is

text: generated

text: over

text: immediate

text: embryology

text: and

text: long

text: evolution

text: timescales

text: Human

text: anatomy

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: basic

text: essential

text: sciences

text: of

text: medicine

text: Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is produced continuously by the liver (liver bile), and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder (gallbladder bile). After eating, this stored bile is discharged into the duodenum. The composition of gallbladder bile is 97% water, 0.7% bile salts, 0.2% bilirubin, 0.51% fats (cholesterol, fatty acids and lecithin), and 200 meq/l inorganic salts.

text: Bile

text: or

text: gall

text: is

text: dark

text: green

text: to

text: yellowish

text: brown

text: fluid

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: liver

text: of

text: most

text: vertebrates

text: that

text: aids

text: the

text: digestion

text: of

text: lipids

text: in

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

text: In

text: humans

text: bile

text: is

text: produced

text: continuously

text: by

text: the

text: liver

text: liver

text: bile

text: and

text: stored

text: and

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: gallbladder

text: gallbladder

text: bile

text: After

text: eating

text: this

text: stored

text: bile

text: is

text: discharged

text: into

text: the

text: duodenum

text: The

text: composition

text: of

text: gallbladder

text: bile

text: is

text: water

text: bile

text: salts

text: bilirubin

text: fats

text: cholesterol

text: fatty

text: acids

text: and

text: lecithin

text: and

text: meq

text: inorganic

text: salts

text: In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas.

text: In

text: human

text: anatomy

text: the

text: superior

text: mesenteric

text: artery

text: SMA

text: arises

text: from

text: the

text: anterior

text: surface

text: of

text: the

text: abdominal

text: aorta

text: just

text: inferior

text: to

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: celiac

text: trunk

text: and

text: supplies

text: the

text: intestine

text: from

text: the

text: lower

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: duodenum

text: through

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: transverse

text: colon

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: pancreas

text:
The transverse colon is the longest and most movable part of the colon.
It crosses the abdomen from the ascending colon at the hepatic or right colic flexure with a downward convexity to the descending colon where it curves sharply on itself beneath the lower end of the spleen forming the splenic or left colic flexure.
In its course, it describes an arch, the concavity of which is directed backward and a little upward. Toward its splenic end there is often an abrupt U-shaped curve which may descend lower than the main curve.

text: The

text: transverse

text: colon

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: and

text: most

text: movable

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: colon

text: It

text: crosses

text: the

text: abdomen

text: from

text: the

text: ascending

text: colon

text: at

text: the

text: hepatic

text: or

text: right

text: colic

text: flexure

text: with

text: downward

text: convexity

text: to

text: the

text: descending

text: colon

text: where

text: it

text: curves

text: sharply

text: on

text: itself

text: beneath

text: the

text: lower

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: spleen

text: forming

text: the

text: splenic

text: or

text: left

text: colic

text: flexure

text: In

text: its

text: course

text: it

text: describes

text: an

text: arch

text: the

text: concavity

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: directed

text: backward

text: and

text: little

text: upward

text: Toward

text: its

text: splenic

text: end

text: there

text: is

text: often

text: an

text: abrupt

text: shaped

text: curve

text: which

text: may

text: descend

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: main

text: curve

text: In vertebrates the gallbladder (also gall bladder, biliary vesicle or cholecyst) is a small organ where bile (a fluid produced by the liver) is stored and concentrated before it is released into the small intestine. Humans can live without a gallbladder. The surgical removal of the gallbladder is called a cholecystectomy.

text: In

text: vertebrates

text: the

text: gallbladder

text: also

text: gall

text: bladder

text: biliary

text: vesicle

text: or

text: cholecyst

text: is

text: small

text: organ

text: where

text: bile

text: fluid

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: liver

text: is

text: stored

text: and

text: concentrated

text: before

text: it

text: is

text: released

text: into

text: the

text: small

text: intestine

text: Humans

text: can

text: live

text: without

text: gallbladder

text: The

text: surgical

text: removal

text: of

text: the

text: gallbladder

text: is

text: called

text: cholecystectomy

text: The cystic artery supplies oxygenated blood to the gallbladder and cystic duct.

text: The

text: cystic

text: artery

text: supplies

text: oxygenated

text: blood

text: to

text: the

text: gallbladder

text: and

text: cystic

text: duct

text: Blood is a body fluid in humans and other animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.

text: Blood

text: is

text: body

text: fluid

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: other

text: animals

text: that

text: delivers

text: necessary

text: substances

text: such

text: as

text: nutrients

text: and

text: oxygen

text: to

text: the

text: cells

text: and

text: transports

text: metabolic

text: waste

text: products

text: away

text: from

text: those

text: same

text: cells

text: The spleen (from Greek "spln") is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter.

text: The

text: spleen

text: from

text: Greek

text: spln

text: is

text: an

text: organ

text: found

text: in

text: virtually

text: all

text: vertebrates

text: Similar

text: in

text: structure

text: to

text: large

text: lymph

text: node

text: it

text: acts

text: primarily

text: as

text: blood

text: filter

text: A portal triad (also known as portal field, portal area, or portal tract) is a distinctive arrangement in the liver. It is a component of the hepatic lobule. It consists of the following five structures:

text: portal

text: triad

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: portal

text: field

text: portal

text: area

text: or

text: portal

text: tract

text: is

text: distinctive

text: arrangement

text: in

text: the

text: liver

text: It

text: is

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: hepatic

text: lobule

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: following

text: five

text: structures

text: Gastrointestinal is an adjective meaning "of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines". A tract is a collection of related anatomic structures or a series of connected body organs.

text: Gastrointestinal

text: is

text: an

text: adjective

text: meaning

text: of

text: or

text: pertaining

text: to

text: the

text: stomach

text: and

text: intestines

text: tract

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: related

text: anatomic

text: structures

text: or

text: series

text: of

text: connected

text: body

text: organs

text: The common bile duct, sometimes abbreviated CBD, is a duct in the gastrointestinal tract of organisms that have a gall bladder. It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct (from the gall bladder). It is later joined by the pancreatic duct to form the ampulla of Vater. There, the two ducts are surrounded by the muscular sphincter of Oddi.

text: The

text: common

text: bile

text: duct

text: sometimes

text: abbreviated

text: CBD

text: is

text: duct

text: in

text: the

text: gastrointestinal

text: tract

text: of

text: organisms

text: that

text: have

text: gall

text: bladder

text: It

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: union

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: hepatic

text: duct

text: and

text: the

text: cystic

text: duct

text: from

text: the

text: gall

text: bladder

text: It

text: is

text: later

text: joined

text: by

text: the

text: pancreatic

text: duct

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: ampulla

text: of

text: Vater

text: There

text: the

text: two

text: ducts

text: are

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: muscular

text: sphincter

text: of

text: Oddi

question: named_after hepatic artery proper

answer: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver

text: liver