text: The Battle of Leipzig or Battle of the Nations  was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813, at Leipzig, Saxony. The coalition armies of Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden, led by Tsar Alexander I of Russia and Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg, decisively defeated the French army of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French. Napoleon's army also contained Polish and Italian troops, as well as Germans from the Confederation of the Rhine. The battle was the culmination of the 1813 German campaign and involved nearly 600,000 soldiers, making it the largest battle in Europe prior to World War I.

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Leipzig

text: or

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Nations

text: was

text: fought

text: from

text: to

text: October

text: at

text: Leipzig

text: Saxony

text: The

text: coalition

text: armies

text: of

text: Russia

text: Prussia

text: Austria

text: and

text: Sweden

text: led

text: by

text: Tsar

text: Alexander

text: of

text: Russia

text: and

text: Karl

text: Philipp

text: Prince

text: of

text: Schwarzenberg

text: decisively

text: defeated

text: the

text: French

text: army

text: of

text: Napoleon

text: Emperor

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: army

text: also

text: contained

text: Polish

text: and

text: Italian

text: troops

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Germans

text: from

text: the

text: Confederation

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: The

text: battle

text: was

text: the

text: culmination

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: campaign

text: and

text: involved

text: nearly

text: soldiers

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: battle

text: in

text: Europe

text: prior

text: to

text: World

text: War

text: Leipzig is the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. With a population of 570,087 inhabitants (1,001,220 residents in the larger urban zone) it is Germany's tenth most populous city. Leipzig is located about southwest of Berlin at the confluence of the White Elster, Pleisse and Parthe rivers at the southern end of the North German Plain.

text: Leipzig

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: federal

text: state

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: residents

text: in

text: the

text: larger

text: urban

text: zone

text: it

text: is

text: Germany

text: 's

text: tenth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Leipzig

text: is

text: located

text: about

text: southwest

text: of

text: Berlin

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: Elster

text: Pleisse

text: and

text: Parthe

text: rivers

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: German

text: Plain

text: The North German Plain or Northern Lowland is one of the major geographical regions of Germany. It is the German part of the North European Plain. The region is bounded by the coasts of the North Sea and Baltic Sea to the north and Germany's Central Uplands ("die Mittelgebirge") to the south.

text: The

text: North

text: German

text: Plain

text: or

text: Northern

text: Lowland

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: geographical

text: regions

text: of

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: German

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: European

text: Plain

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: coasts

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Germany

text: 's

text: Central

text: Uplands

text: die

text: Mittelgebirge

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Germany

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: states

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Located

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: rivers

text: Spree

text: and

text: Havel

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Brandenburg

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: about

text: million

text: residents

text: from

text: more

text: than

text: nations

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Plain

text: Berlin

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: Around

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: forests

text: parks

text: gardens

text: rivers

text: and

text: lakes

text: The Confederation of the Rhine (French: officially ' ["Confederated States of the Rhine"], but in practice ') was a confederation of client states of the First French Empire. It was formed initially from 16 German states by Napoleon after he defeated Austria and Russia in the Battle of Austerlitz. The Treaty of Pressburg, in effect, led to the creation of the Confederation of the Rhine. It lasted from 1806 to 1813.

text: The

text: Confederation

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: French

text: officially

text: Confederated

text: States

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: but

text: in

text: practice

text: was

text: confederation

text: of

text: client

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: French

text: Empire

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: initially

text: from

text: German

text: states

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: after

text: he

text: defeated

text: Austria

text: and

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Austerlitz

text: The

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Pressburg

text: in

text: effect

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: It

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: Napoleon Bonaparte ("Napoléon Bonaparte";  , born ""Napoleone di Buonaparte""; 15 August 1769  5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. One of the greatest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history.

text: Napoleon

text: Bonaparte

text: Napoléon

text: Bonaparte

text: born

text: Napoleone

text: di

text: Buonaparte

text: August

text: May

text: was

text: French

text: military

text: and

text: political

text: leader

text: who

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: and

text: led

text: several

text: successful

text: campaigns

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: As

text: Napoleon

text: he

text: was

text: Emperor

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: from

text: until

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: Napoleon

text: dominated

text: European

text: and

text: global

text: affairs

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: decade

text: while

text: leading

text: France

text: against

text: series

text: of

text: coalitions

text: in

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: He

text: won

text: most

text: of

text: these

text: wars

text: and

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: his

text: battles

text: building

text: large

text: empire

text: that

text: ruled

text: over

text: continental

text: Europe

text: before

text: its

text: final

text: collapse

text: in

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: commanders

text: in

text: history

text: his

text: wars

text: and

text: campaigns

text: are

text: studied

text: at

text: military

text: schools

text: worldwide

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: legacy

text: has

text: ensured

text: his

text: status

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: celebrated

text: and

text: controversial

text: leaders

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: The Parthe is a river in Saxony, Germany, right tributary of the White Elster. Its total length is 60 km. The Parthe originates in northern Saxony, between Colditz and Bad Lausick. It flows northwest through Parthenstein, Naunhof, Borsdorf and Taucha before entering the city of Leipzig. The Parthe joins the White Elster in northwestern Leipzig.

text: The

text: Parthe

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: right

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: Elster

text: Its

text: total

text: length

text: is

text: km

text: The

text: Parthe

text: originates

text: in

text: northern

text: Saxony

text: between

text: Colditz

text: and

text: Bad

text: Lausick

text: It

text: flows

text: northwest

text: through

text: Parthenstein

text: Naunhof

text: Borsdorf

text: and

text: Taucha

text: before

text: entering

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Leipzig

text: The

text: Parthe

text: joins

text: the

text: White

text: Elster

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Leipzig

text:
The Rhine (, , ) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the
Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands.
The largest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany, with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about , with an average discharge of about .

text: The

text: Rhine

text: is

text: European

text: river

text: that

text: begins

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Austrian

text: Swiss

text: Liechtenstein

text: Swiss

text: German

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: Franco

text: German

text: border

text: then

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: Rhineland

text: and

text: eventually

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Rhine

text: is

text: Cologne

text: Germany

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: after

text: the

text: Danube

text: at

text: about

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: discharge

text: of

text: about

text: Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

text: Sweden

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Swedish

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Denmark

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: bridge

text: tunnel

text: across

text: the

text: Öresund

text: At

text: Sweden

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Sweden

text: consequently

text: has

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: Prussia was a historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg, and centred on the region of Prussia. For centuries, the House of ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organised and effective army. Prussia, with its capital in and from 1701 in Berlin, shaped the history of Germany. In 1871, German states united to create the German Empire under Prussian leadership. In November 1918, the monarchies were abolished and the nobility lost its political power during the German Revolution of 191819. The Kingdom of Prussia was thus abolished in favour of a republicthe Free State of Prussia, a state of Germany from 1918 until 1933. From 1933, Prussia lost its independence as a result of the Prussian coup, when the Nazi regime was successfully establishing its ' laws in pursuit of a unitary state. With the end of the Nazi regime, the division of Germany into allied-occupation zones and the separation of its territories east of the line, which were incorporated into Poland and the Soviet Union, the State of Prussia ceased to exist de facto in 1945. Prussia existed "" until its formal liquidation by the Allied Control Council Enactment No. 46 of 25 February 1947.

text: Prussia

text: was

text: historic

text: state

text: originating

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Prussia

text: and

text: the

text: Margraviate

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: and

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Prussia

text: For

text: centuries

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: ruled

text: Prussia

text: successfully

text: expanding

text: its

text: size

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: an

text: unusually

text: well

text: organised

text: and

text: effective

text: army

text: Prussia

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: in

text: and

text: from

text: in

text: Berlin

text: shaped

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Germany

text: In

text: German

text: states

text: united

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: under

text: Prussian

text: leadership

text: In

text: November

text: the

text: monarchies

text: were

text: abolished

text: and

text: the

text: nobility

text: lost

text: its

text: political

text: power

text: during

text: the

text: German

text: Revolution

text: of

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Prussia

text: was

text: thus

text: abolished

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: republicthe

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Prussia

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: from

text: until

text: From

text: Prussia

text: lost

text: its

text: independence

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: Prussian

text: coup

text: when

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: was

text: successfully

text: establishing

text: its

text: laws

text: in

text: pursuit

text: of

text: unitary

text: state

text: With

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: Germany

text: into

text: allied

text: occupation

text: zones

text: and

text: the

text: separation

text: of

text: its

text: territories

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: which

text: were

text: incorporated

text: into

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Prussia

text: ceased

text: to

text: exist

text: de

text: facto

text: in

text: Prussia

text: existed

text: until

text: its

text: formal

text: liquidation

text: by

text: the

text: Allied

text: Control

text: Council

text: Enactment

text: No

text: of

text: February

text: World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

text: World

text: War

text: WWI

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: originating

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: military

text: personnel

text: including

text: million

text: Europeans

text: were

text: mobilised

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wars

text: in

text: history

text: Over

text: nine

text: million

text: combatants

text: and

text: seven

text: million

text: civilians

text: died

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: genocides

text: casualty

text: rate

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: technological

text: and

text: industrial

text: sophistication

text: and

text: the

text: tactical

text: stalemate

text: caused

text: by

text: gruelling

text: trench

text: warfare

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflicts

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: changes

text: including

text: revolutions

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: involved

text: Karl Philipp, Fürst zu Schwarzenberg (or Charles Philip, Prince of Schwarzenberg; 18 April 1771  15 October 1820) was an Austrian field marshal.

text: Karl

text: Philipp

text: Fürst

text: zu

text: Schwarzenberg

text: or

text: Charles

text: Philip

text: Prince

text: of

text: Schwarzenberg

text: April

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: Austrian

text: field

text: marshal

text: The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked federal state of Germany, bordering the federal states of Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland (Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeships) and the Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary, Liberec and Ústí nad Labem Regions). Its capital is Dresden, and its largest city is Leipzig.

text: The

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Saxony

text: is

text: landlocked

text: federal

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: bordering

text: the

text: federal

text: states

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: Thuringia

text: and

text: Bavaria

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Poland

text: Lower

text: Silesian

text: and

text: Lubusz

text: Voivodeships

text: and

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Karlovy

text: Vary

text: Liberec

text: and

text: Ústí

text: nad

text: Labem

text: Regions

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Dresden

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Leipzig

text: The larger urban zone (LUZ), or Functional Urban Area (FUA), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan areas in Europe. It consists of a city and its commuting zone.

text: The

text: larger

text: urban

text: zone

text: LUZ

text: or

text: Functional

text: Urban

text: Area

text: FUA

text: is

text: measure

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: expanse

text: of

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: commuting

text: zone

text: The Apel - stones , named after the writer Theodor Apel from Leipzig who commissioned them , mark important events during the Battle of Leipzig . There are 50 all in all . They were sculpted by A. F. Aster and put up between 1861 and 1865 .

text: The

text: Apel

text: stones

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: writer

text: Theodor

text: Apel

text: from

text: Leipzig

text: who

text: commissioned

text: them

text: mark

text: important

text: events

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Leipzig

text: There

text: are

text: all

text: in

text: all

text: They

text: were

text: sculpted

text: by

text: Aster

text: and

text: put

text: up

text: between

text: and

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: The White Elster is a long river in central Europe, right tributary of the Saale. Its source is in the westernmost part of the Czech Republic, near Aš. After a few kilometres, it flows into eastern Germany. In Germany, it flows through the states of Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt. The White Elster flows through the cities of Plauen, Greiz, Gera, Zeitz, Pegau and Leipzig. It flows into the river Saale in Halle.

text: The

text: White

text: Elster

text: is

text: long

text: river

text: in

text: central

text: Europe

text: right

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Saale

text: Its

text: source

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: near

text: Aš

text: After

text: few

text: kilometres

text: it

text: flows

text: into

text: eastern

text: Germany

text: In

text: Germany

text: it

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Thuringia

text: and

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: The

text: White

text: Elster

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Plauen

text: Greiz

text: Gera

text: Zeitz

text: Pegau

text: and

text: Leipzig

text: It

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: river

text: Saale

text: in

text: Halle

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity apel-stones

answer: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony


text: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, "Dangerously in Love" (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the "Billboard" Hot 100 number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy".

text: Beyoncé

text: Giselle

text: Knowles

text: Carter

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: actress

text: Born

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Houston

text: Texas

text: she

text: performed

text: in

text: various

text: singing

text: and

text: dancing

text: competitions

text: as

text: child

text: and

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: as

text: lead

text: singer

text: of

text: R&B

text: girl

text: group

text: Destiny

text: 's

text: Child

text: Managed

text: by

text: her

text: father

text: Mathew

text: Knowles

text: the

text: group

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: best

text: selling

text: girl

text: groups

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Their

text: hiatus

text: saw

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: Beyoncé

text: 's

text: debut

text: album

text: Dangerously

text: in

text: Love

text: which

text: established

text: her

text: as

text: solo

text: artist

text: worldwide

text: earned

text: five

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: and

text: featured

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: number

text: one

text: singles

text: Crazy

text: in

text: Love

text: and

text: Baby

text: Boy

text: Phalon Alexander, professionally known as Jazze Pha, is an American record producer, singer, songwriter and rapper from Atlanta, Georgia. He is the founder and chief executive officer of Sho'nuff Records, which American R&B singer-songwriter Ciara was signed to.

text: Phalon

text: Alexander

text: professionally

text: known

text: as

text: Jazze

text: Pha

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: producer

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: rapper

text: from

text: Atlanta

text: Georgia

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: founder

text: and

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: of

text: Sho'nuff

text: Records

text: which

text: American

text: R&B

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: Ciara

text: was

text: signed

text: to

text: Elektra Records is an American record label owned by Warner Music Group, founded in 1950 by Jac Holzman and Paul Rickolt. It played an important role in the development of contemporary folk music and rock music between the 1950s and 1970s. In 2004, it was consolidated into WMG's Atlantic Records Group. After five years of dormancy, the label was revived as an imprint of Atlantic in 2009. As of 2016 the label is run by Gregg Nadel.

text: Elektra

text: Records

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: owned

text: by

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Jac

text: Holzman

text: and

text: Paul

text: Rickolt

text: It

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: contemporary

text: folk

text: music

text: and

text: rock

text: music

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: In

text: it

text: was

text: consolidated

text: into

text: WMG

text: 's

text: Atlantic

text: Records

text: Group

text: After

text: five

text: years

text: of

text: dormancy

text: the

text: label

text: was

text: revived

text: as

text: an

text: imprint

text: of

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: label

text: is

text: run

text: by

text: Gregg

text: Nadel

text: A music executive or record executive is a person within a record label who works in senior management, making executive decisions over the label's artists. Their role varies greatly but in essence, they can oversee one, or many, aspects of a record label, including A&R, contracts, management, publishing, production, manufacture, marketing/promotion, distribution, copyright, and touring. Although music executives work in senior management, a number of music executives have gone on to establish their own record labels as owners themselves, sometimes being involved in the music industry initially as artists, A&Rs, or producers for a number of years and building a strong reputation.

text: music

text: executive

text: or

text: record

text: executive

text: is

text: person

text: within

text: record

text: label

text: who

text: works

text: in

text: senior

text: management

text: making

text: executive

text: decisions

text: over

text: the

text: label

text: 's

text: artists

text: Their

text: role

text: varies

text: greatly

text: but

text: in

text: essence

text: they

text: can

text: oversee

text: one

text: or

text: many

text: aspects

text: of

text: record

text: label

text: including

text: A&R

text: contracts

text: management

text: publishing

text: production

text: manufacture

text: marketing

text: promotion

text: distribution

text: copyright

text: and

text: touring

text: Although

text: music

text: executives

text: work

text: in

text: senior

text: management

text: number

text: of

text: music

text: executives

text: have

text: gone

text: on

text: to

text: establish

text: their

text: own

text: record

text: labels

text: as

text: owners

text: themselves

text: sometimes

text: being

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: initially

text: as

text: artists

text: A&Rs

text: or

text: producers

text: for

text: number

text: of

text: years

text: and

text: building

text: strong

text: reputation

text: A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performer's music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process. The roles of a producer vary. He or she may gather musical ideas for the project, collaborate with the artists to select cover tunes or original songs by the artist/group, work with artists and help them to improve their songs, lyrics or arrangements.

text: record

text: producer

text: or

text: music

text: producer

text: oversees

text: and

text: manages

text: the

text: sound

text: recording

text: and

text: production

text: of

text: band

text: or

text: performer

text: 's

text: music

text: which

text: may

text: range

text: from

text: recording

text: one

text: song

text: to

text: recording

text: lengthy

text: concept

text: album

text: producer

text: has

text: many

text: roles

text: during

text: the

text: recording

text: process

text: The

text: roles

text: of

text: producer

text: vary

text: He

text: or

text: she

text: may

text: gather

text: musical

text: ideas

text: for

text: the

text: project

text: collaborate

text: with

text: the

text: artists

text: to

text: select

text: cover

text: tunes

text: or

text: original

text: songs

text: by

text: the

text: artist

text: group

text: work

text: with

text: artists

text: and

text: help

text: them

text: to

text: improve

text: their

text: songs

text: lyrics

text: or

text: arrangements

text: A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the latter term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the music industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies. Pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers  songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own music publishers, while others have outside publishers.

text: songwriter

text: is

text: an

text: individual

text: who

text: writes

text: the

text: lyrics

text: melodies

text: and

text: chord

text: progressions

text: for

text: songs

text: typically

text: for

text: popular

text: music

text: genre

text: such

text: as

text: rock

text: or

text: country

text: music

text: songwriter

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: called

text: composer

text: although

text: the

text: latter

text: term

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: mainly

text: for

text: individuals

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: music

text: genre

text: The

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: to

text: produce

text: popular

text: hits

text: means

text: that

text: songwriting

text: is

text: often

text: an

text: activity

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: tasks

text: are

text: distributed

text: between

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: For

text: example

text: songwriter

text: who

text: excels

text: at

text: writing

text: lyrics

text: might

text: be

text: paired

text: with

text: songwriter

text: with

text: gift

text: for

text: creating

text: original

text: melodies

text: Pop

text: songs

text: may

text: be

text: written

text: by

text: group

text: members

text: from

text: the

text: band

text: or

text: by

text: staff

text: writers

text: songwriters

text: directly

text: employed

text: by

text: music

text: publishers

text: Some

text: songwriters

text: serve

text: as

text: their

text: own

text: music

text: publishers

text: while

text: others

text: have

text: outside

text: publishers

text: `` I Love College '' is a song by American hip hop recording artist Asher Roth , released on January 13 , 2009 , as the lead single from his debut album , Asleep in the Bread Aisle ( 2009 ) . The song , which was produced by Mike Caren and Ben H. Allen , also serves as Roth 's commercial debut single , released by Schoolboy , SRC and Universal Motown . The song was later serviced for Airplay to radio stations in the United Kingdom , on April 27 , 2009 . The song is related to his weekend visit at Penn State University . The song originally sampled `` Say It Ai n't So '' , as performed by American rock band Weezer , but was reworked by Ben H. Allen , as it is believed that their lead singer Rivers Cuomo , refused to clear the sample . The song also samples `` 10 % Dis '' , as performed by MC Lyte .

text: Love

text: College

text: is

text: song

text: by

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: recording

text: artist

text: Asher

text: Roth

text: released

text: on

text: January

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: single

text: from

text: his

text: debut

text: album

text: Asleep

text: in

text: the

text: Bread

text: Aisle

text: The

text: song

text: which

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Mike

text: Caren

text: and

text: Ben

text: Allen

text: also

text: serves

text: as

text: Roth

text: 's

text: commercial

text: debut

text: single

text: released

text: by

text: Schoolboy

text: SRC

text: and

text: Universal

text: Motown

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: later

text: serviced

text: for

text: Airplay

text: to

text: radio

text: stations

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: song

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: his

text: weekend

text: visit

text: at

text: Penn

text: State

text: University

text: The

text: song

text: originally

text: sampled

text: Say

text: It

text: Ai

text: n't

text: So

text: as

text: performed

text: by

text: American

text: rock

text: band

text: Weezer

text: but

text: was

text: reworked

text: by

text: Ben

text: Allen

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: their

text: lead

text: singer

text: Rivers

text: Cuomo

text: refused

text: to

text: clear

text: the

text: sample

text: The

text: song

text: also

text: samples

text: Dis

text: as

text: performed

text: by

text: MC

text: Lyte

text: Warner Music Group (abbreviated as WMG, commonly referred to as Warner Music) is an American multinational entertainment and record label conglomerate headquartered in New York City. It is one of the "big three" recording companies and the third largest in the global music industry, next to Universal Music Group (UMG) and Sony Music Entertainment (SME), being the only American music conglomerate worldwide. Formerly owned by Time Warner, the company was publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange until May 2011, when it announced its privatization and sale to Access Industries, which was completed in July 2011. With a multibillion-dollar annual turnover, WMG employs in excess of 3,500 people and has operations in more than 50 countries throughout the world.

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: WMG

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Warner

text: Music

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: multinational

text: entertainment

text: and

text: record

text: label

text: conglomerate

text: headquartered

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: big

text: three

text: recording

text: companies

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: global

text: music

text: industry

text: next

text: to

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: UMG

text: and

text: Sony

text: Music

text: Entertainment

text: SME

text: being

text: the

text: only

text: American

text: music

text: conglomerate

text: worldwide

text: Formerly

text: owned

text: by

text: Time

text: Warner

text: the

text: company

text: was

text: publicly

text: traded

text: on

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Stock

text: Exchange

text: until

text: May

text: when

text: it

text: announced

text: its

text: privatization

text: and

text: sale

text: to

text: Access

text: Industries

text: which

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: July

text: With

text: multibillion

text: dollar

text: annual

text: turnover

text: WMG

text: employs

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: people

text: and

text: has

text: operations

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: countries

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: Keri Lynn Hilson (born December 5, 1982) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and record producer. She was born and raised in Decatur, Georgia, and spent most of her youth working with producer Anthony Dent, as a songwriter and background vocalist for several R&B and hip hop artists. By the age of 14, Hilson had secured a record deal with the girl group D'Signe, who later disbanded. She attended Oxford College of Emory University and Emory University in Atlanta, while she continued writing songs for artists, including Britney Spears, The Pussycat Dolls, and Mary J. Blige, with the production and songwriting team, The Clutch. In 2006, Hilson signed with American rapper and producer Timbaland's record label, Mosley Music. Her breakthrough came the following year after appearing on Timbaland's single "The Way I Are", which topped charts around the world.

text: Keri

text: Lynn

text: Hilson

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: actress

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: She

text: was

text: born

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Decatur

text: Georgia

text: and

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: her

text: youth

text: working

text: with

text: producer

text: Anthony

text: Dent

text: as

text: songwriter

text: and

text: background

text: vocalist

text: for

text: several

text: R&B

text: and

text: hip

text: hop

text: artists

text: By

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Hilson

text: had

text: secured

text: record

text: deal

text: with

text: the

text: girl

text: group

text: D'Signe

text: who

text: later

text: disbanded

text: She

text: attended

text: Oxford

text: College

text: of

text: Emory

text: University

text: and

text: Emory

text: University

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: while

text: she

text: continued

text: writing

text: songs

text: for

text: artists

text: including

text: Britney

text: Spears

text: The

text: Pussycat

text: Dolls

text: and

text: Mary

text: Blige

text: with

text: the

text: production

text: and

text: songwriting

text: team

text: The

text: Clutch

text: In

text: Hilson

text: signed

text: with

text: American

text: rapper

text: and

text: producer

text: Timbaland

text: 's

text: record

text: label

text: Mosley

text: Music

text: Her

text: breakthrough

text: came

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: after

text: appearing

text: on

text: Timbaland

text: 's

text: single

text: The

text: Way

text: Are

text: which

text: topped

text: charts

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: A lead single is usually the first single to be released from a studio album, by a musician or a band, before the album itself is released.

text: lead

text: single

text: is

text: usually

text: the

text: first

text: single

text: to

text: be

text: released

text: from

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: musician

text: or

text: band

text: before

text: the

text: album

text: itself

text: is

text: released

text: Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, then from 1948 as vinyl LP records played at  rpm. Vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc (CD) and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl.

text: Albums

text: of

text: recorded

text: music

text: were

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: first

text: as

text: books

text: of

text: individual

text: records

text: then

text: from

text: as

text: vinyl

text: LP

text: records

text: played

text: at

text: rpm

text: Vinyl

text: LPs

text: are

text: still

text: issued

text: though

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: album

text: sales

text: have

text: mostly

text: focused

text: on

text: compact

text: disc

text: CD

text: and

text: formats

text: The

text: audio

text: cassette

text: was

text: format

text: used

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: through

text: to

text: the

text: alongside

text: vinyl

text: Kanye Omari West (born June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. Born in Atlanta and raised in Chicago, West first became known as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records in the early 2000s, producing hit singles for artists such as Jay Z and Alicia Keys. Intent on pursuing a solo career as a rapper, West released his debut album "The College Dropout" in 2004 to widespread critical and commercial success, and founded the record label GOOD Music. He went on to pursue a variety of different styles on subsequent albums "Late Registration" (2005), "Graduation" (2007), and "808s & Heartbreak" (2008). In 2010, he released his fifth album "My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy" to rave reviews from critics, and the following year he collaborated with Jay Z on the joint LP "Watch the Throne" (2011). West released his abrasive sixth album, "Yeezus", to further critical praise in 2013. His seventh album, "The Life of Pablo", was released in 2016.

text: Kanye

text: Omari

text: West

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: songwriter

text: record

text: producer

text: fashion

text: designer

text: and

text: entrepreneur

text: Born

text: in

text: Atlanta

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Chicago

text: West

text: first

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: producer

text: for

text: Roc

text: Fella

text: Records

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: producing

text: hit

text: singles

text: for

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Jay

text: and

text: Alicia

text: Keys

text: Intent

text: on

text: pursuing

text: solo

text: career

text: as

text: rapper

text: West

text: released

text: his

text: debut

text: album

text: The

text: College

text: Dropout

text: in

text: to

text: widespread

text: critical

text: and

text: commercial

text: success

text: and

text: founded

text: the

text: record

text: label

text: GOOD

text: Music

text: He

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: pursue

text: variety

text: of

text: different

text: styles

text: on

text: subsequent

text: albums

text: Late

text: Registration

text: Graduation

text: and

text: Heartbreak

text: In

text: he

text: released

text: his

text: fifth

text: album

text: My

text: Beautiful

text: Dark

text: Twisted

text: Fantasy

text: to

text: rave

text: reviews

text: from

text: critics

text: and

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: he

text: collaborated

text: with

text: Jay

text: on

text: the

text: joint

text: LP

text: Watch

text: the

text: Throne

text: West

text: released

text: his

text: abrasive

text: sixth

text: album

text: Yeezus

text: to

text: further

text: critical

text: praise

text: in

text: His

text: seventh

text: album

text: The

text: Life

text: of

text: Pablo

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Asher Paul Roth (born August 11, 1985) is an American rapper. He is perhaps best known for his debut single "I Love College". Roth released his debut studio album "Asleep in the Bread Aisle", on April 20, 2009, under Universal Motown, SRC and Schoolboy Records; the latter of which was launched by Roth's former manager Scooter Braun. Roth later left Schoolboy Records in late 2012, due to creative differences with Braun. In 2013, Roth signed with indie record label Federal Prism, under which he released his second studio album, "RetroHash".

text: Asher

text: Paul

text: Roth

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: He

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: debut

text: single

text: Love

text: College

text: Roth

text: released

text: his

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: Asleep

text: in

text: the

text: Bread

text: Aisle

text: on

text: April

text: under

text: Universal

text: Motown

text: SRC

text: and

text: Schoolboy

text: Records

text: the

text: latter

text: of

text: which

text: was

text: launched

text: by

text: Roth

text: 's

text: former

text: manager

text: Scooter

text: Braun

text: Roth

text: later

text: left

text: Schoolboy

text: Records

text: in

text: late

text: due

text: to

text: creative

text: differences

text: with

text: Braun

text: In

text: Roth

text: signed

text: with

text: indie

text: record

text: label

text: Federal

text: Prism

text: under

text: which

text: he

text: released

text: his

text: second

text: studio

text: album

text: RetroHash

text: In show business, a guest appearance is the participation of an outsider performer (such as a musician or actor) in an event such as a music record or concert, show, etc., when the performer does not belong to the regular cast, band or other performing group. In music, such an outside performer is often referred to as a guest artist. In performance art, the terms guest role or guest star are also common, the latter term specifically indicating the guest appearance of a celebrity. The latter is often also credited as "special guest star" or "special musical guest star" by some production companies.

text: In

text: show

text: business

text: guest

text: appearance

text: is

text: the

text: participation

text: of

text: an

text: outsider

text: performer

text: such

text: as

text: musician

text: or

text: actor

text: in

text: an

text: event

text: such

text: as

text: music

text: record

text: or

text: concert

text: show

text: etc

text: when

text: the

text: performer

text: does

text: not

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: regular

text: cast

text: band

text: or

text: other

text: performing

text: group

text: In

text: music

text: such

text: an

text: outside

text: performer

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: guest

text: artist

text: In

text: performance

text: art

text: the

text: terms

text: guest

text: role

text: or

text: guest

text: star

text: are

text: also

text: common

text: the

text: latter

text: term

text: specifically

text: indicating

text: the

text: guest

text: appearance

text: of

text: celebrity

text: The

text: latter

text: is

text: often

text: also

text: credited

text: as

text: special

text: guest

text: star

text: or

text: special

text: musical

text: guest

text: star

text: by

text: some

text: production

text: companies

text: Trevor George Smith, Jr., (born May 20, 1972) better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes, is an American rapper, actor, record producer and record executive. Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the moniker Busta Rhymes, after NFL wide receiver George "Buster" Rhymes. He is widely known for his outlandish style and fashion sense depicted in several highly-innovative music videos as well as his intricate rhyming technique, rapping at a high rate of speed with heavy use of internal rhyme and half rhyme, and to date has received 11 Grammy Award nominations for his musical work.

text: Trevor

text: George

text: Smith

text: Jr.

text: born

text: May

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Busta

text: Rhymes

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: actor

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: record

text: executive

text: Chuck

text: of

text: Public

text: Enemy

text: gave

text: him

text: the

text: moniker

text: Busta

text: Rhymes

text: after

text: NFL

text: wide

text: receiver

text: George

text: Buster

text: Rhymes

text: He

text: is

text: widely

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: outlandish

text: style

text: and

text: fashion

text: sense

text: depicted

text: in

text: several

text: highly

text: innovative

text: music

text: videos

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: his

text: intricate

text: rhyming

text: technique

text: rapping

text: at

text: high

text: rate

text: of

text: speed

text: with

text: heavy

text: use

text: of

text: internal

text: rhyme

text: and

text: half

text: rhyme

text: and

text: to

text: date

text: has

text: received

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: nominations

text: for

text: his

text: musical

text: work

text: Atlantic Recording Corporation (simply known as Atlantic Records) is an American record label founded in October 1947 by Ahmet Ertegün and Herb Abramson. Over its first 20 years of operation, Atlantic Records earned a reputation as one of the most important American recording labels, specializing in jazz, R&B and soul recordings by African-American musicians including Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, Wilson Pickett, Sam and Dave, Ruth Brown and Otis Redding, a position greatly enhanced by its distribution deal with Stax Records. In 1967, Atlantic Records became a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, now the Warner Music Group, and expanded into rock and pop music with releases by bands such as Led Zeppelin and Yes.

text: Atlantic

text: Recording

text: Corporation

text: simply

text: known

text: as

text: Atlantic

text: Records

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: founded

text: in

text: October

text: by

text: Ahmet

text: Ertegün

text: and

text: Herb

text: Abramson

text: Over

text: its

text: first

text: years

text: of

text: operation

text: Atlantic

text: Records

text: earned

text: reputation

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: American

text: recording

text: labels

text: specializing

text: in

text: jazz

text: R&B

text: and

text: soul

text: recordings

text: by

text: African

text: American

text: musicians

text: including

text: Aretha

text: Franklin

text: Ray

text: Charles

text: Wilson

text: Pickett

text: Sam

text: and

text: Dave

text: Ruth

text: Brown

text: and

text: Otis

text: Redding

text: position

text: greatly

text: enhanced

text: by

text: its

text: distribution

text: deal

text: with

text: Stax

text: Records

text: In

text: Atlantic

text: Records

text: became

text: wholly

text: owned

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Warner

text: Bros

text: Seven

text: Arts

text: now

text: the

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: and

text: expanded

text: into

text: rock

text: and

text: pop

text: music

text: with

text: releases

text: by

text: bands

text: such

text: as

text: Led

text: Zeppelin

text: and

text: Yes

text: Universal Motown Records was a record label that operated as a division of Universal Motown Republic Group. It was the contemporary incarnation of the legendary Motown Records label, and the "urban" half of UMG, although there was some rock artists on the label (along with its sub-labels) as well.

text: Universal

text: Motown

text: Records

text: was

text: record

text: label

text: that

text: operated

text: as

text: division

text: of

text: Universal

text: Motown

text: Republic

text: Group

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: contemporary

text: incarnation

text: of

text: the

text: legendary

text: Motown

text: Records

text: label

text: and

text: the

text: urban

text: half

text: of

text: UMG

text: although

text: there

text: was

text: some

text: rock

text: artists

text: on

text: the

text: label

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: sub

text: labels

text: as

text: well

text: Asleep in the Bread Aisle is the debut studio album by American hip hop recording artist Asher Roth. It was released on April 20, 2009, by Schoolboy, SRC and Universal Motown Records. The production on the album was largely contributed by Oren Yoel, while the album features guest appearances from Cee-Lo Green, Busta Rhymes, Keri Hilson, Jazze Pha, pop duo Chester French, and the hip hop group New Kingdom.

text: Asleep

text: in

text: the

text: Bread

text: Aisle

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: recording

text: artist

text: Asher

text: Roth

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: April

text: by

text: Schoolboy

text: SRC

text: and

text: Universal

text: Motown

text: Records

text: The

text: production

text: on

text: the

text: album

text: was

text: largely

text: contributed

text: by

text: Oren

text: Yoel

text: while

text: the

text: album

text: features

text: guest

text: appearances

text: from

text: Cee

text: Lo

text: Green

text: Busta

text: Rhymes

text: Keri

text: Hilson

text: Jazze

text: Pha

text: pop

text: duo

text: Chester

text: French

text: and

text: the

text: hip

text: hop

text: group

text: New

text: Kingdom

text: Chester French was an American indie pop band consisting of lead vocalist and songwriter David-Andrew 'D.A.' Wallach and multi-instrumentalist and songwriter Maxwell Drummey. They met as college students at Harvard University, naming their band after sculptor Daniel Chester French, who designed the statue at the Lincoln Memorial, the John Harvard statue, as well as the Minuteman statue at the Lexington/Concord battlegrounds in Massachusetts. Milwaukee-raised Wallach and Boston native Drummey quickly found a lot of shared ground in musical tastes and philosophies and before long formed a band with three other classmates, playing various campus functions, eventually moving in a direction heavily influenced by classic British Northern Soul. Over the summer both stayed in Cambridge, working hard at songwriting. But when school resumed, they realized that the material went way beyond the basic guitar-bass-drums-piano format of the band, and the duo continued the work themselves, Wallach handling most of the vocals, Drummey performing much of the music on multiple instruments, supplemented with the occasional special guest  and both taking production and engineering duties for recordings.

text: Chester

text: French

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: indie

text: pop

text: band

text: consisting

text: of

text: lead

text: vocalist

text: and

text: songwriter

text: David

text: Andrew

text: D.A.

text: Wallach

text: and

text: multi

text: instrumentalist

text: and

text: songwriter

text: Maxwell

text: Drummey

text: They

text: met

text: as

text: college

text: students

text: at

text: Harvard

text: University

text: naming

text: their

text: band

text: after

text: sculptor

text: Daniel

text: Chester

text: French

text: who

text: designed

text: the

text: statue

text: at

text: the

text: Lincoln

text: Memorial

text: the

text: John

text: Harvard

text: statue

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Minuteman

text: statue

text: at

text: the

text: Lexington

text: Concord

text: battlegrounds

text: in

text: Massachusetts

text: Milwaukee

text: raised

text: Wallach

text: and

text: Boston

text: native

text: Drummey

text: quickly

text: found

text: lot

text: of

text: shared

text: ground

text: in

text: musical

text: tastes

text: and

text: philosophies

text: and

text: before

text: long

text: formed

text: band

text: with

text: three

text: other

text: classmates

text: playing

text: various

text: campus

text: functions

text: eventually

text: moving

text: in

text: direction

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: classic

text: British

text: Northern

text: Soul

text: Over

text: the

text: summer

text: both

text: stayed

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: working

text: hard

text: at

text: songwriting

text: But

text: when

text: school

text: resumed

text: they

text: realized

text: that

text: the

text: material

text: went

text: way

text: beyond

text: the

text: basic

text: guitar

text: bass

text: drums

text: piano

text: format

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: and

text: the

text: duo

text: continued

text: the

text: work

text: themselves

text: Wallach

text: handling

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: vocals

text: Drummey

text: performing

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: on

text: multiple

text: instruments

text: supplemented

text: with

text: the

text: occasional

text: special

text: guest

text: and

text: both

text: taking

text: production

text: and

text: engineering

text: duties

text: for

text: recordings

text: Mike Caren is an American record producer, songwriter, and music executive. He is the current CEO (and founder) of Artist Partners Group and Creative Officer at Warner Music Group. He is also the founder of the Artist Publishing Group and the former President of Worldwide A&R at Warner Music Group. Prior to that, Caren was the Executive Vice President of A&R at Atlantic Records and the co-president of Elektra Records. In addition to his work as a music executive, Caren has also written or produced numerous songs for artists including Beyoncé, Bruno Mars, Kanye West, and others.

text: Mike

text: Caren

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: producer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: music

text: executive

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: current

text: CEO

text: and

text: founder

text: of

text: Artist

text: Partners

text: Group

text: and

text: Creative

text: Officer

text: at

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Artist

text: Publishing

text: Group

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: President

text: of

text: Worldwide

text: A&R

text: at

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: Prior

text: to

text: that

text: Caren

text: was

text: the

text: Executive

text: Vice

text: President

text: of

text: A&R

text: at

text: Atlantic

text: Records

text: and

text: the

text: co

text: president

text: of

text: Elektra

text: Records

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: his

text: work

text: as

text: music

text: executive

text: Caren

text: has

text: also

text: written

text: or

text: produced

text: numerous

text: songs

text: for

text: artists

text: including

text: Beyoncé

text: Bruno

text: Mars

text: Kanye

text: West

text: and

text: others

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: record_label i love college

answer: universal motown records

text: universal motown records

text: universal motown records