text: Papa John's Cardinal Stadium is a football stadium located in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, on the southern end of the campus of the University of Louisville. Debuting in 1998, it serves as the home of the Louisville Cardinals football program. The official seating capacity in the quasi-horseshoe shaped facility was 42,000 through the 2008 season. An expansion project that started after the 2008 season was completed in time for the 2010 season has brought the official capacity to 55,000. An additional expansion project aiming to close the open end of the horseshoe to add 10,000 additional seats was announced on August 28, 2015, with the goal of opening within 2 years.

text: Papa

text: John

text: 's

text: Cardinal

text: Stadium

text: is

text: football

text: stadium

text: located

text: in

text: Louisville

text: Kentucky

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: campus

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Louisville

text: Debuting

text: in

text: it

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Louisville

text: Cardinals

text: football

text: program

text: The

text: official

text: seating

text: capacity

text: in

text: the

text: quasi

text: horseshoe

text: shaped

text: facility

text: was

text: through

text: the

text: season

text: An

text: expansion

text: project

text: that

text: started

text: after

text: the

text: season

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: time

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: has

text: brought

text: the

text: official

text: capacity

text: to

text: An

text: additional

text: expansion

text: project

text: aiming

text: to

text: close

text: the

text: open

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: horseshoe

text: to

text: add

text: additional

text: seats

text: was

text: announced

text: on

text: August

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: opening

text: within

text: years

text:
History.
Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League (NFL), college football remained extremely popular throughout the U.S.
Although the college game has a much larger margin for talent than its pro counterpart, the sheer number of fans following major colleges provides a financial equalizer for the game, with Division I programs  the highest level  playing in huge stadiums, six of which have seating capacity exceeding 100,000. In many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to seat more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium, which tends to have more features and comforts for fans. (Only two stadiums owned by U.S. colleges or universities  Papa John's Cardinal Stadium at the University of Louisville and FAU Stadium at Florida Atlantic University  consist entirely of chairback seating.)

text: History

text: Even

text: after

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: the

text: professional

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: NFL

text: college

text: football

text: remained

text: extremely

text: popular

text: throughout

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Although

text: the

text: college

text: game

text: has

text: much

text: larger

text: margin

text: for

text: talent

text: than

text: its

text: pro

text: counterpart

text: the

text: sheer

text: number

text: of

text: fans

text: following

text: major

text: colleges

text: provides

text: financial

text: equalizer

text: for

text: the

text: game

text: with

text: Division

text: programs

text: the

text: highest

text: level

text: playing

text: in

text: huge

text: stadiums

text: six

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: seating

text: capacity

text: exceeding

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: college

text: stadiums

text: employ

text: bench

text: style

text: seating

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: individual

text: seats

text: with

text: backs

text: and

text: arm

text: rests

text: This

text: allows

text: them

text: to

text: seat

text: more

text: fans

text: in

text: given

text: amount

text: of

text: space

text: than

text: the

text: typical

text: professional

text: stadium

text: which

text: tends

text: to

text: have

text: more

text: features

text: and

text: comforts

text: for

text: fans

text: Only

text: two

text: stadiums

text: owned

text: by

text: U.S.

text: colleges

text: or

text: universities

text: Papa

text: John

text: 's

text: Cardinal

text: Stadium

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Louisville

text: and

text: FAU

text: Stadium

text: at

text: Florida

text: Atlantic

text: University

text: consist

text: entirely

text: of

text: chairback

text: seating

text: Defensive end (DE) is a defensive position in the sport of American and Canadian football.

text: Defensive

text: end

text: DE

text: is

text: defensive

text: position

text: in

text: the

text: sport

text: of

text: American

text: and

text: Canadian

text: football

text: Super Bowl XVI was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion San Francisco 49ers and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Cincinnati Bengals to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1981 season. The 49ers defeated the Bengals by the score of 2621 to win their first Super Bowl.

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XVI

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: football

text: game

text: between

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: Conference

text: NFC

text: champion

text: San

text: Francisco

text: and

text: the

text: American

text: Football

text: Conference

text: AFC

text: champion

text: Cincinnati

text: Bengals

text: to

text: decide

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: NFL

text: champion

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: The

text: defeated

text: the

text: Bengals

text: by

text: the

text: score

text: of

text: to

text: win

text: their

text: first

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: Marc Bronco Clay Mendenhall (born February 21, 1966) is the head coach of the Virginia Cavaliers football team at the University of Virginia. Previously he was the head coach at Brigham Young University, where he had the second-most wins in school history and guided the Cougars to eleven straight bowl invitations, two outright conference championships and regular national Top 25 rankings.

text: Marc

text: Bronco

text: Clay

text: Mendenhall

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: coach

text: of

text: the

text: Virginia

text: Cavaliers

text: football

text: team

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Virginia

text: Previously

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: head

text: coach

text: at

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: University

text: where

text: he

text: had

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: wins

text: in

text: school

text: history

text: and

text: guided

text: the

text: Cougars

text: to

text: eleven

text: straight

text: bowl

text: invitations

text: two

text: outright

text: conference

text: championships

text: and

text: regular

text: national

text: Top

text: rankings

text: Super Bowl XIII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Pittsburgh Steelers and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Dallas Cowboys to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1978 season. The Steelers defeated the Cowboys by the score of 3531. The game was played on January 21, 1979, at the Orange Bowl in Miami, the fifth and last time that the Super Bowl was played in that stadium.

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XIII

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: football

text: game

text: between

text: the

text: American

text: Football

text: Conference

text: AFC

text: champion

text: Pittsburgh

text: Steelers

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: Conference

text: NFC

text: champion

text: Dallas

text: Cowboys

text: to

text: decide

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: NFL

text: champion

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: The

text: Steelers

text: defeated

text: the

text: Cowboys

text: by

text: the

text: score

text: of

text: The

text: game

text: was

text: played

text: on

text: January

text: at

text: the

text: Orange

text: Bowl

text: in

text: Miami

text: the

text: fifth

text: and

text: last

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: was

text: played

text: in

text: that

text: stadium

text:
Super Bowl XVII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Miami Dolphins and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Washington Redskins to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1982 season. The Redskins defeated the Dolphins by the score of 2717 to win their first Super Bowl. The game was played on January 30, 1983 at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California.
This Super Bowl came at the end of a season that was significantly shortened by a players' strike. Teams ended up only playing nine regular season games, and the league conducted a special 16-team, four-round playoff tournament where divisions were ignored in the seeding. The Redskins had an NFC-best 81 regular season record, while the Dolphins finished at 72. Both teams advanced through the first three postseason rounds to Super Bowl XVII. The game then became a rematch of Super Bowl VII, also played in the Los Angeles area at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum ten years before, where the Dolphins completed their 170 perfect season at the Redskins' expense by a score of 147. This was also the second Super Bowl to rematch teams, the first being Super Bowl XIII.

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XVII

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: football

text: game

text: between

text: the

text: American

text: Football

text: Conference

text: AFC

text: champion

text: Miami

text: Dolphins

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: Conference

text: NFC

text: champion

text: Washington

text: Redskins

text: to

text: decide

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: NFL

text: champion

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: The

text: Redskins

text: defeated

text: the

text: Dolphins

text: by

text: the

text: score

text: of

text: to

text: win

text: their

text: first

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: The

text: game

text: was

text: played

text: on

text: January

text: at

text: the

text: Rose

text: Bowl

text: in

text: Pasadena

text: California

text: This

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: came

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: season

text: that

text: was

text: significantly

text: shortened

text: by

text: players

text: strike

text: Teams

text: ended

text: up

text: only

text: playing

text: nine

text: regular

text: season

text: games

text: and

text: the

text: league

text: conducted

text: special

text: four

text: round

text: playoff

text: tournament

text: where

text: divisions

text: were

text: ignored

text: in

text: the

text: seeding

text: The

text: Redskins

text: had

text: an

text: NFC

text: best

text: regular

text: season

text: record

text: while

text: the

text: Dolphins

text: finished

text: at

text: Both

text: teams

text: advanced

text: through

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: postseason

text: rounds

text: to

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XVII

text: The

text: game

text: then

text: became

text: rematch

text: of

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: VII

text: also

text: played

text: in

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: area

text: at

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Memorial

text: Coliseum

text: ten

text: years

text: before

text: where

text: the

text: Dolphins

text: completed

text: their

text: perfect

text: season

text: at

text: the

text: Redskins

text: expense

text: by

text: score

text: of

text: This

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: second

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: to

text: rematch

text: teams

text: the

text: first

text: being

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XIII

text: The Virginia Cavaliers football team represents the University of Virginia in the sport of American football. The Cavaliers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Established in 1888, playing local YMCA teams and other state teams without pads, the Virginia football program has evolved into a multimillion-dollar operation that plays in front of 61,500 seats at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville, Virginia. Starting in the early 1900s, the program has played an outsized role in the shaping of the modern game's ethics and eligibility rules.

text: The

text: Virginia

text: Cavaliers

text: football

text: team

text: represents

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Virginia

text: in

text: the

text: sport

text: of

text: American

text: football

text: The

text: Cavaliers

text: compete

text: in

text: the

text: Football

text: Bowl

text: Subdivision

text: FBS

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Collegiate

text: Athletic

text: Association

text: NCAA

text: and

text: the

text: Coastal

text: Division

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Coast

text: Conference

text: ACC

text: Established

text: in

text: playing

text: local

text: YMCA

text: teams

text: and

text: other

text: state

text: teams

text: without

text: pads

text: the

text: Virginia

text: football

text: program

text: has

text: evolved

text: into

text: multimillion

text: dollar

text: operation

text: that

text: plays

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: seats

text: at

text: Scott

text: Stadium

text: in

text: Charlottesville

text: Virginia

text: Starting

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: the

text: program

text: has

text: played

text: an

text: outsized

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: shaping

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: game

text: 's

text: ethics

text: and

text: eligibility

text: rules

text: The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is an American sports stadium located in the Exposition Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. The stadium serves as the home to the University of Southern California (USC) Trojans football team, and as the temporary home for the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League (NFL). The Coliseum was home to the Rams from 1946 to 1979, when they moved to Anaheim Stadium in Anaheim, California, and is serving as their home stadium again until the completion of Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park in Inglewood, California. The facility has a permanent seating capacity of 93,607 for USC football games, making it the largest football stadium in the Pac-12 Conference. For Rams games, capacity is at 80,000, giving it the fourth-largest capacity in the NFL.

text: The

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Memorial

text: Coliseum

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: sports

text: stadium

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Exposition

text: Park

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: The

text: stadium

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Southern

text: California

text: USC

text: Trojans

text: football

text: team

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: temporary

text: home

text: for

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Rams

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: NFL

text: The

text: Coliseum

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Rams

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: they

text: moved

text: to

text: Anaheim

text: Stadium

text: in

text: Anaheim

text: California

text: and

text: is

text: serving

text: as

text: their

text: home

text: stadium

text: again

text: until

text: the

text: completion

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Stadium

text: at

text: Hollywood

text: Park

text: in

text: Inglewood

text: California

text: The

text: facility

text: has

text: permanent

text: seating

text: capacity

text: of

text: for

text: USC

text: football

text: games

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: football

text: stadium

text: in

text: the

text: Conference

text: For

text: Rams

text: games

text: capacity

text: is

text: at

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: capacity

text: in

text: the

text: NFL

text:
Super Bowl VII was an American football game between the American Football Conference (AFC) champion Miami Dolphins and the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Washington Redskins to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1972 season. The Dolphins defeated the Redskins by the score of 147, and became the first and still the only team in NFL history to complete a perfect undefeated season. They also remain the only Super Bowl team to be shut out in the second half and still win.
The game was played on January 14, 1973, at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles, the second time the Super Bowl was played in that city.

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: VII

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: football

text: game

text: between

text: the

text: American

text: Football

text: Conference

text: AFC

text: champion

text: Miami

text: Dolphins

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: Conference

text: NFC

text: champion

text: Washington

text: Redskins

text: to

text: decide

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: NFL

text: champion

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: The

text: Dolphins

text: defeated

text: the

text: Redskins

text: by

text: the

text: score

text: of

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: still

text: the

text: only

text: team

text: in

text: NFL

text: history

text: to

text: complete

text: perfect

text: undefeated

text: season

text: They

text: also

text: remain

text: the

text: only

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: team

text: to

text: be

text: shut

text: out

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: and

text: still

text: win

text: The

text: game

text: was

text: played

text: on

text: January

text: at

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Memorial

text: Coliseum

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: the

text: second

text: time

text: the

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: was

text: played

text: in

text: that

text: city

text: Mathew W. Mendenhall ( born May 14 , 1957 ) is a former American football defensive end who played two seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He started in Super Bowl XVII . He played college football at Brigham Young University . He attended East High School and played alongside future Columbia star Ed Harris . He is the older brother of UVA Head coach Bronco Mendenhall .

text: Mathew

text: Mendenhall

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: former

text: American

text: football

text: defensive

text: end

text: who

text: played

text: two

text: seasons

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Football

text: League

text: NFL

text: He

text: started

text: in

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: XVII

text: He

text: played

text: college

text: football

text: at

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: University

text: He

text: attended

text: East

text: High

text: School

text: and

text: played

text: alongside

text: future

text: Columbia

text: star

text: Ed

text: Harris

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: older

text: brother

text: of

text: UVA

text: Head

text: coach

text: Bronco

text: Mendenhall

text: American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron, is a sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end. The offense, the team with control of the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the team without control of the ball, the defense, aims to stop their advance and take control of the ball for themselves. The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team; if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the opposing team's end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponent's goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins.

text: American

text: football

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: football

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: and

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: gridiron

text: is

text: sport

text: played

text: by

text: two

text: teams

text: of

text: eleven

text: players

text: on

text: rectangular

text: field

text: with

text: goalposts

text: at

text: each

text: end

text: The

text: offense

text: the

text: team

text: with

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: oval

text: shaped

text: football

text: attempts

text: to

text: advance

text: down

text: the

text: field

text: by

text: running

text: with

text: or

text: passing

text: the

text: ball

text: while

text: the

text: team

text: without

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: ball

text: the

text: defense

text: aims

text: to

text: stop

text: their

text: advance

text: and

text: take

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: ball

text: for

text: themselves

text: The

text: offense

text: must

text: advance

text: at

text: least

text: ten

text: yards

text: in

text: four

text: downs

text: or

text: plays

text: or

text: else

text: they

text: turn

text: over

text: the

text: football

text: to

text: the

text: opposing

text: team

text: if

text: they

text: succeed

text: they

text: are

text: given

text: new

text: set

text: of

text: four

text: downs

text: Points

text: are

text: primarily

text: scored

text: by

text: advancing

text: the

text: ball

text: into

text: the

text: opposing

text: team

text: 's

text: end

text: zone

text: for

text: touchdown

text: or

text: kicking

text: the

text: ball

text: through

text: the

text: opponent

text: 's

text: goalposts

text: for

text: field

text: goal

text: The

text: team

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: points

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: game

text: wins

annotations: likely multiple

question: member_of_sports_team mat mendenhall

answer: washington redskins

text: washington redskins

text: washington redskins


text: Ramiro I (bef. 1007  8 May 1063) was the first King of Aragon from 1035 until his death. Apparently born before 1007, he was the illegitimate son of Sancho III of Pamplona by his mistress Sancha de Aybar. Ramiro was reputed to have been adopted by his father's wife Muniadona after he was the only of his father's children to come to her aid when needed, although there is no surviving record of these events and the story is probably apocryphal.

text: Ramiro

text: bef

text: May

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: King

text: of

text: Aragon

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: Apparently

text: born

text: before

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: illegitimate

text: son

text: of

text: Sancho

text: III

text: of

text: Pamplona

text: by

text: his

text: mistress

text: Sancha

text: de

text: Aybar

text: Ramiro

text: was

text: reputed

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: adopted

text: by

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: wife

text: Muniadona

text: after

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: children

text: to

text: come

text: to

text: her

text: aid

text: when

text: needed

text: although

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: surviving

text: record

text: of

text: these

text: events

text: and

text: the

text: story

text: is

text: probably

text: apocryphal

text: Here is a list of the administrative "comarcas" (counties) in the autonomous community of Aragon in Spain. They were officially delimited in 1999, with substantial changes over a previously proposed division.

text: Here

text: is

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: administrative

text: comarcas

text: counties

text: in

text: the

text: autonomous

text: community

text: of

text: Aragon

text: in

text: Spain

text: They

text: were

text: officially

text: delimited

text: in

text: with

text: substantial

text: changes

text: over

text: previously

text: proposed

text: division

text: Sobrarbe is one of the comarcas of Aragon, Spain. It is located in the northern part of the province of Huesca, part of the autonomous community of Aragon in Spain. Many of its people speak the Aragonese language locally known as "fabla".

text: Sobrarbe

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: comarcas

text: of

text: Aragon

text: Spain

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Huesca

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: autonomous

text: community

text: of

text: Aragon

text: in

text: Spain

text: Many

text: of

text: its

text: people

text: speak

text: the

text: Aragonese

text: language

text: locally

text: known

text: as

text: fabla

text: Gonzalo Sánchez ( c. 1020 -- 26 June 1043 ) was ruler of Sobrarbe and Ribagorza , two small Pyrenean counties . He was the son of King Sancho III of Navarre and his wife , Mayor of Castile . Before 1035 , Sancho decreed that Gonzalo should rule Sobrarbe and Ribagorza . He succeeded to these domains after his father 's death in that year and ruled them as vassal of his brother García Sánchez III until his death . Gonzalo is thought to have been ineffectual and unpopular , with vassals defecting to his brother , Ramiro I of Aragon , during his own life , and one failing to name him in a list of rulers of Ribagorza written within a decade of his death . The Historia silense ( c. 1115 ) does not mention Gonzalo in its version of the division of Sancho III 's realm . It even records that Ramiro was given the `` remote '' region of Aragon on account of his illegitimacy , despite that Gonzalo 's division was more remote and his legitimacy unquestioned . The anonymous Chronica naierensis ( c. 1200 ) , basing its account entirely on the Silense , likewise knows nothing of Gonzalo and blames Ramiro 's position on his bastardy . An independent source , though influenced by popular legends and ballads , the Liber regum ( c. 1200 ) shows no awareness of Gonzalo . According to a document of 14 April 1035 preserved in San Juan de la Peña recording Sancho 's grant of Aragon to Ramiro , the castle of Loarre and monastery of San Emeterio with their dependent villages were detached from that province and given to Gonzalo . Gonzalo subsequently confirms many charters alongside his brother and they often appear together in dating clauses . With the title of king , Gonzalo appears beside all his brothers and the `` emperor '' Vermudo III of León in the carta de arras of Ramiro ( 22 August 1036 ) . In 1037 Gonzalo was reunited with his brothers García and Ramiro -- and the churchmen Sancho , Bishop of Pamplona ; Paterno , a Cluniac reformer ; and Abbot Blasco of San Juan de la Peña -- to confirm a donation of Jimeno Garcés , Ramiro 's godfather , to the monastery of Leire . In this document García uses the title princeps ( prince ) to indicate his superiority , but Ramiro and Gonzalo use the title regulus ( petty king ) and are referred to as in Aragone ( ( ruling ) in Aragon ) . This meeting probably took place either in Pamplona or in Leire , but neither the day or month is preserved in the records . The use of a royal title in the presence of his elder brother García is evidence that Gonzalo did not usurp it . The three brothers and Ferdinand were all at Anzánigo ( Andizaniku ) in 1037 or perhaps 1043 , after Ferdinand had succeeded to the Kingdom of León . A late source , the Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña , reports his assassination by one of his own knights , Ramonat de Uasconya ( possibly a Gascon named Ramonet ) , who threw him from the bridge over the Esera at Montclús , near Lascorz . He was interred at San Victorián . On his death , García awarded his counties to Ramiro , which initiated several centuries of Aragonese expansionism . Gonzalo 's death on 26 June appears in the necrology of San Victorián , but the year has been subject to much debate . Among the early modern historians , Zurita places it in 1035 and José de Moret in 1042 or 1043 . The Chronicle places it in 1037 , but there is disputed charter of September 1039 confirmed by Gonzalo . As Ramiro confirmed the rights of Bishops of Urgell in Ribagorza in September 1040 , it would appear that Gonzalo was dead by then . Pérez de Urbel thus places it between December 1039 and September 1040 and casts doubt on the dates of several documents mentioning Gonzalo after 1040 ( a donation of Blasquita from 1041 , a charter of Ramiro 's from 1042 , and a donation of Ramiro to Atón Garcés in 1043 ) . Accepting these , Ubieto Arteta places Gonzalo 's assassination in 1046 . Nelson gives reason to believe that it was 1043 .

text: Gonzalo

text: Sánchez

text: June

text: was

text: ruler

text: of

text: Sobrarbe

text: and

text: Ribagorza

text: two

text: small

text: Pyrenean

text: counties

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: King

text: Sancho

text: III

text: of

text: Navarre

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Castile

text: Before

text: Sancho

text: decreed

text: that

text: Gonzalo

text: should

text: rule

text: Sobrarbe

text: and

text: Ribagorza

text: He

text: succeeded

text: to

text: these

text: domains

text: after

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: that

text: year

text: and

text: ruled

text: them

text: as

text: vassal

text: of

text: his

text: brother

text: García

text: Sánchez

text: III

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: Gonzalo

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: ineffectual

text: and

text: unpopular

text: with

text: vassals

text: defecting

text: to

text: his

text: brother

text: Ramiro

text: of

text: Aragon

text: during

text: his

text: own

text: life

text: and

text: one

text: failing

text: to

text: name

text: him

text: in

text: list

text: of

text: rulers

text: of

text: Ribagorza

text: written

text: within

text: decade

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: The

text: Historia

text: silense

text: does

text: not

text: mention

text: Gonzalo

text: in

text: its

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: division

text: of

text: Sancho

text: III

text: 's

text: realm

text: It

text: even

text: records

text: that

text: Ramiro

text: was

text: given

text: the

text: remote

text: region

text: of

text: Aragon

text: on

text: account

text: of

text: his

text: illegitimacy

text: despite

text: that

text: Gonzalo

text: 's

text: division

text: was

text: more

text: remote

text: and

text: his

text: legitimacy

text: unquestioned

text: The

text: anonymous

text: Chronica

text: naierensis

text: basing

text: its

text: account

text: entirely

text: on

text: the

text: Silense

text: likewise

text: knows

text: nothing

text: of

text: Gonzalo

text: and

text: blames

text: Ramiro

text: 's

text: position

text: on

text: his

text: bastardy

text: An

text: independent

text: source

text: though

text: influenced

text: by

text: popular

text: legends

text: and

text: ballads

text: the

text: Liber

text: regum

text: shows

text: no

text: awareness

text: of

text: Gonzalo

text: According

text: to

text: document

text: of

text: April

text: preserved

text: in

text: San

text: Juan

text: de

text: la

text: Peña

text: recording

text: Sancho

text: 's

text: grant

text: of

text: Aragon

text: to

text: Ramiro

text: the

text: castle

text: of

text: Loarre

text: and

text: monastery

text: of

text: San

text: Emeterio

text: with

text: their

text: dependent

text: villages

text: were

text: detached

text: from

text: that

text: province

text: and

text: given

text: to

text: Gonzalo

text: Gonzalo

text: subsequently

text: confirms

text: many

text: charters

text: alongside

text: his

text: brother

text: and

text: they

text: often

text: appear

text: together

text: in

text: dating

text: clauses

text: With

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: king

text: Gonzalo

text: appears

text: beside

text: all

text: his

text: brothers

text: and

text: the

text: emperor

text: Vermudo

text: III

text: of

text: León

text: in

text: the

text: carta

text: de

text: arras

text: of

text: Ramiro

text: August

text: In

text: Gonzalo

text: was

text: reunited

text: with

text: his

text: brothers

text: García

text: and

text: Ramiro

text: and

text: the

text: churchmen

text: Sancho

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Pamplona

text: Paterno

text: Cluniac

text: reformer

text: and

text: Abbot

text: Blasco

text: of

text: San

text: Juan

text: de

text: la

text: Peña

text: to

text: confirm

text: donation

text: of

text: Jimeno

text: Garcés

text: Ramiro

text: 's

text: godfather

text: to

text: the

text: monastery

text: of

text: Leire

text: In

text: this

text: document

text: García

text: uses

text: the

text: title

text: princeps

text: prince

text: to

text: indicate

text: his

text: superiority

text: but

text: Ramiro

text: and

text: Gonzalo

text: use

text: the

text: title

text: regulus

text: petty

text: king

text: and

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: in

text: Aragone

text: ruling

text: in

text: Aragon

text: This

text: meeting

text: probably

text: took

text: place

text: either

text: in

text: Pamplona

text: or

text: in

text: Leire

text: but

text: neither

text: the

text: day

text: or

text: month

text: is

text: preserved

text: in

text: the

text: records

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: royal

text: title

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: his

text: elder

text: brother

text: García

text: is

text: evidence

text: that

text: Gonzalo

text: did

text: not

text: usurp

text: it

text: The

text: three

text: brothers

text: and

text: Ferdinand

text: were

text: all

text: at

text: Anzánigo

text: Andizaniku

text: in

text: or

text: perhaps

text: after

text: Ferdinand

text: had

text: succeeded

text: to

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: León

text: late

text: source

text: the

text: Chronicle

text: of

text: San

text: Juan

text: de

text: la

text: Peña

text: reports

text: his

text: assassination

text: by

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: knights

text: Ramonat

text: de

text: Uasconya

text: possibly

text: Gascon

text: named

text: Ramonet

text: who

text: threw

text: him

text: from

text: the

text: bridge

text: over

text: the

text: Esera

text: at

text: Montclús

text: near

text: Lascorz

text: He

text: was

text: interred

text: at

text: San

text: Victorián

text: On

text: his

text: death

text: García

text: awarded

text: his

text: counties

text: to

text: Ramiro

text: which

text: initiated

text: several

text: centuries

text: of

text: Aragonese

text: expansionism

text: Gonzalo

text: 's

text: death

text: on

text: June

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: necrology

text: of

text: San

text: Victorián

text: but

text: the

text: year

text: has

text: been

text: subject

text: to

text: much

text: debate

text: Among

text: the

text: early

text: modern

text: historians

text: Zurita

text: places

text: it

text: in

text: and

text: José

text: de

text: Moret

text: in

text: or

text: The

text: Chronicle

text: places

text: it

text: in

text: but

text: there

text: is

text: disputed

text: charter

text: of

text: September

text: confirmed

text: by

text: Gonzalo

text: As

text: Ramiro

text: confirmed

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: Bishops

text: of

text: Urgell

text: in

text: Ribagorza

text: in

text: September

text: it

text: would

text: appear

text: that

text: Gonzalo

text: was

text: dead

text: by

text: then

text: Pérez

text: de

text: Urbel

text: thus

text: places

text: it

text: between

text: December

text: and

text: September

text: and

text: casts

text: doubt

text: on

text: the

text: dates

text: of

text: several

text: documents

text: mentioning

text: Gonzalo

text: after

text: donation

text: of

text: Blasquita

text: from

text: charter

text: of

text: Ramiro

text: 's

text: from

text: and

text: donation

text: of

text: Ramiro

text: to

text: Atón

text: Garcés

text: in

text: Accepting

text: these

text: Ubieto

text: Arteta

text: places

text: Gonzalo

text: 's

text: assassination

text: in

text: Nelson

text: gives

text: reason

text: to

text: believe

text: that

text: it

text: was

text: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.

text: Spain

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: largely

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Europe

text: with

text: two

text: large

text: archipelagos

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: two

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: mainland

text: and

text: several

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Alboran

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: Moroccan

text: coast

text: Its

text: mainland

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Gibraltar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: France

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: border

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: country

text: Morocco

text: and

text: its

text: African

text: territory

text: accounts

text: for

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: Sancho Garcés III (Basque: "Antso III.a Gartzez"; c. 990  18 October 1035), also known as Sancho III of Pamplona and nicknamed "the Great", was King of Pamplona and Count of Aragon from 1004 until his death in 1035. He also ruled by marriage the counties of Castile, Álava and Monzón, which later expanded with the acquisition of the County of Cea in 1030 and the counties of Sobrarbe (1015) and Ribagoza (1018). He would later intervene in the Kingdom of León, taking the capital city.

text: Sancho

text: Garcés

text: III

text: Basque

text: Antso

text: III.a

text: Gartzez

text: October

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Sancho

text: III

text: of

text: Pamplona

text: and

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: Great

text: was

text: King

text: of

text: Pamplona

text: and

text: Count

text: of

text: Aragon

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: He

text: also

text: ruled

text: by

text: marriage

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Castile

text: Álava

text: and

text: Monzón

text: which

text: later

text: expanded

text: with

text: the

text: acquisition

text: of

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Cea

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Sobrarbe

text: and

text: Ribagoza

text: He

text: would

text: later

text: intervene

text: in

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: León

text: taking

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: Aragonese ("aragonés" in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by 10,000 to 30,000 people in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain, primarily in the comarcas of Somontano de Barbastro, Jacetania, Alto Gállego, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza/Ribagorça. It is the only modern language which survived from medieval Navarro-Aragonese in a form distinctly different from Spanish.

text: Aragonese

text: aragonés

text: in

text: Aragonese

text: is

text: Romance

text: language

text: spoken

text: in

text: several

text: dialects

text: by

text: to

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: Pyrenees

text: valleys

text: of

text: Aragon

text: Spain

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: comarcas

text: of

text: Somontano

text: de

text: Barbastro

text: Jacetania

text: Alto

text: Gállego

text: Sobrarbe

text: and

text: Ribagorza

text: Ribagorça

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: modern

text: language

text: which

text: survived

text: from

text: medieval

text: Navarro

text: Aragonese

text: in

text: form

text: distinctly

text: different

text: from

text: Spanish

question: date_of_birth gonzalo of sobrarbe and ribagorza

answer: 1018


text: Lycia (Lycian:  "Trmmis" ) was a geopolitical region in Anatolia in what are now the provinces of Antalya and Mula on the southern coast of Turkey, and Burdur Province inland. Known to history since the records of ancient Egypt and the Hittite Empire in the Late Bronze Age, it was populated by speakers of the Luwian language group. Written records began to be inscribed in stone in the Lycian language (a later form of Luwian) after Lycia's involuntary incorporation into the Achaemenid Empire in the Iron Age. At that time (546 BC) the Luwian speakers were decimated, and Lycia received an influx of Persian speakers.

text: Lycia

text: Lycian

text: Trmmis

text: was

text: geopolitical

text: region

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: what

text: are

text: now

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Antalya

text: and

text: Mula

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: coast

text: of

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Burdur

text: Province

text: inland

text: Known

text: to

text: history

text: since

text: the

text: records

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Hittite

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: it

text: was

text: populated

text: by

text: speakers

text: of

text: the

text: Luwian

text: language

text: group

text: Written

text: records

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: inscribed

text: in

text: stone

text: in

text: the

text: Lycian

text: language

text: later

text: form

text: of

text: Luwian

text: after

text: Lycia

text: 's

text: involuntary

text: incorporation

text: into

text: the

text: Achaemenid

text: Empire

text: in

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: BC

text: the

text: Luwian

text: speakers

text: were

text: decimated

text: and

text: Lycia

text: received

text: an

text: influx

text: of

text: Persian

text: speakers

text: A given name (also known as a personal name, Christian name, first name, or forename) is a part of a person's full nomenclature. It identifies a specific person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan, with whom that person shares a common surname. The term "given name" refers to the fact that the name usually is "bestowed" upon a person, normally "given" to a child by its parents at or near the time of birth. This contrasts with a surname (also known as a family name, last name, or gentile name), which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the child's immediate family.

text: given

text: name

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: personal

text: name

text: Christian

text: name

text: first

text: name

text: or

text: forename

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: person

text: 's

text: full

text: nomenclature

text: It

text: identifies

text: specific

text: person

text: and

text: differentiates

text: that

text: person

text: from

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: group

text: such

text: as

text: family

text: or

text: clan

text: with

text: whom

text: that

text: person

text: shares

text: common

text: surname

text: The

text: term

text: given

text: name

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: fact

text: that

text: the

text: name

text: usually

text: is

text: bestowed

text: upon

text: person

text: normally

text: given

text: to

text: child

text: by

text: its

text: parents

text: at

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: birth

text: This

text: contrasts

text: with

text: surname

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: family

text: name

text: last

text: name

text: or

text: gentile

text: name

text: which

text: is

text: normally

text: inherited

text: and

text: shared

text: with

text: other

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: child

text: 's

text: immediate

text: family

text: Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Kris Kringle, Father Christmas, or simply Santa (Santy in Hiberno-English), is a legendary figure of Western Christian culture who is said to bring gifts to the homes of well-behaved ("good" or "nice") children on Christmas Eve (24 December) and the early morning hours of Christmas Day (25 December). The modern Santa Claus grew out of traditions surrounding the historical Saint Nicholas, a fourth-century Greek bishop and gift-giver of Myra, the British figure of Father Christmas, the Dutch figure of "Sinterklaas" (himself based on Saint Nicholas), the German figure of the Christkind (a fabulized Christ Child), and the holidays of Twelfth Night and Epiphany and their associated figures of the Three Kings (based on the gift-giving Magi of the Nativity) and Befana. Some maintain Santa Claus also absorbed elements of the Germanic god Wodan, who was associated with the pagan midwinter event of Yule and led the Wild Hunt, a ghostly procession through the sky.

text: Santa

text: Claus

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Saint

text: Nicholas

text: Saint

text: Nick

text: Kris

text: Kringle

text: Father

text: Christmas

text: or

text: simply

text: Santa

text: Santy

text: in

text: Hiberno

text: English

text: is

text: legendary

text: figure

text: of

text: Western

text: Christian

text: culture

text: who

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: bring

text: gifts

text: to

text: the

text: homes

text: of

text: well

text: behaved

text: good

text: or

text: nice

text: children

text: on

text: Christmas

text: Eve

text: December

text: and

text: the

text: early

text: morning

text: hours

text: of

text: Christmas

text: Day

text: December

text: The

text: modern

text: Santa

text: Claus

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: traditions

text: surrounding

text: the

text: historical

text: Saint

text: Nicholas

text: fourth

text: century

text: Greek

text: bishop

text: and

text: gift

text: giver

text: of

text: Myra

text: the

text: British

text: figure

text: of

text: Father

text: Christmas

text: the

text: Dutch

text: figure

text: of

text: Sinterklaas

text: himself

text: based

text: on

text: Saint

text: Nicholas

text: the

text: German

text: figure

text: of

text: the

text: Christkind

text: fabulized

text: Christ

text: Child

text: and

text: the

text: holidays

text: of

text: Twelfth

text: Night

text: and

text: Epiphany

text: and

text: their

text: associated

text: figures

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kings

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: gift

text: giving

text: Magi

text: of

text: the

text: Nativity

text: and

text: Befana

text: Some

text: maintain

text: Santa

text: Claus

text: also

text: absorbed

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: Germanic

text: god

text: Wodan

text: who

text: was

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: pagan

text: midwinter

text: event

text: of

text: Yule

text: and

text: led

text: the

text: Wild

text: Hunt

text: ghostly

text: procession

text: through

text: the

text: sky

text: Chris is a short form of various names including Christopher, Christian, Christina, Christine, and Christos. Unlike these names, however, it does not indicate the person's gender although it is much more common for males to have this name than it is for females. Chris is also used as a name in its own right, although it is not as common.

text: Chris

text: is

text: short

text: form

text: of

text: various

text: names

text: including

text: Christopher

text: Christian

text: Christina

text: Christine

text: and

text: Christos

text: Unlike

text: these

text: names

text: however

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: indicate

text: the

text: person

text: 's

text: gender

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: common

text: for

text: males

text: to

text: have

text: this

text: name

text: than

text: it

text: is

text: for

text: females

text: Chris

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: name

text: in

text: its

text: own

text: right

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: as

text: common

text: Myra ([plural]) was an ancient Greek town in Lycia where the small town of Kale ("Demre") is situated today, in present-day Antalya Province of Turkey. It was located on the river Myros ("Demre Çay"), in the fertile alluvial plain between Alaca Da, the Massikytos range and the Aegean Sea.

text: Myra

text: plural

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: town

text: in

text: Lycia

text: where

text: the

text: small

text: town

text: of

text: Kale

text: Demre

text: is

text: situated

text: today

text: in

text: present

text: day

text: Antalya

text: Province

text: of

text: Turkey

text: It

text: was

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Myros

text: Demre

text: Çay

text: in

text: the

text: fertile

text: alluvial

text: plain

text: between

text: Alaca

text: Da

text: the

text: Massikytos

text: range

text: and

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: Nikos (  ) is a Greek common given name . It originates from Greek Nikolaos , which means `` victor of people '' . Although used as a proper first name , Nikos is also a popular nickname of the original Nikolaos ( Greek ) or Nicholas ( English ) .

text: Nikos

text: is

text: Greek

text: common

text: given

text: name

text: It

text: originates

text: from

text: Greek

text: Nikolaos

text: which

text: means

text: victor

text: of

text: people

text: Although

text: used

text: as

text: proper

text: first

text: name

text: Nikos

text: is

text: also

text: popular

text: nickname

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: Nikolaos

text: Greek

text: or

text: Nicholas

text: English

text: A name is a term used for identification. Names can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. A personal name identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a "specific" individual human. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning also) and is, when consisting of only one word, a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes called "common names" or (obsolete) "general names". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can give their child a name or a scientist can give an element a name.

text: name

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: identification

text: Names

text: can

text: identify

text: class

text: or

text: category

text: of

text: things

text: or

text: single

text: thing

text: either

text: uniquely

text: or

text: within

text: given

text: context

text: personal

text: name

text: identifies

text: not

text: necessarily

text: uniquely

text: specific

text: individual

text: human

text: The

text: name

text: of

text: specific

text: entity

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: proper

text: name

text: although

text: that

text: term

text: has

text: philosophical

text: meaning

text: also

text: and

text: is

text: when

text: consisting

text: of

text: only

text: one

text: word

text: proper

text: noun

text: Other

text: nouns

text: are

text: sometimes

text: called

text: common

text: names

text: or

text: obsolete

text: general

text: names

text: name

text: can

text: be

text: given

text: to

text: person

text: place

text: or

text: thing

text: for

text: example

text: parents

text: can

text: give

text: their

text: child

text: name

text: or

text: scientist

text: can

text: give

text: an

text: element

text: name

text: A personal name or "full name" refers to the set of names by which an individual is known and that can be recited as a word-group, with the understanding that, taken together, they all relate to that one individual. In many cultures, the term is synonymous with the "birth" and "legal names" of the individual, seen below. In many cultures, individuals possess a variety of names, in others they are known by a single name; when a plurality of names occur, some are specific to the individual, distinguishing them from related individuals (e.g., John Adams and John Quincy Adams), while other names indicate the person's relationship to or membership in a family, clan, or other social structure (as for Charles Philip Arthur George and one of his namesakes), or even to unrelated others (e.g., as for Leonardo DiCaprio and his namesake).

text: personal

text: name

text: or

text: full

text: name

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: names

text: by

text: which

text: an

text: individual

text: is

text: known

text: and

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: recited

text: as

text: word

text: group

text: with

text: the

text: understanding

text: that

text: taken

text: together

text: they

text: all

text: relate

text: to

text: that

text: one

text: individual

text: In

text: many

text: cultures

text: the

text: term

text: is

text: synonymous

text: with

text: the

text: birth

text: and

text: legal

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: seen

text: below

text: In

text: many

text: cultures

text: individuals

text: possess

text: variety

text: of

text: names

text: in

text: others

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: by

text: single

text: name

text: when

text: plurality

text: of

text: names

text: occur

text: some

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: the

text: individual

text: distinguishing

text: them

text: from

text: related

text: individuals

text: e.g.

text: John

text: Adams

text: and

text: John

text: Quincy

text: Adams

text: while

text: other

text: names

text: indicate

text: the

text: person

text: 's

text: relationship

text: to

text: or

text: membership

text: in

text: family

text: clan

text: or

text: other

text: social

text: structure

text: as

text: for

text: Charles

text: Philip

text: Arthur

text: George

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: namesakes

text: or

text: even

text: to

text: unrelated

text: others

text: e.g.

text: as

text: for

text: Leonardo

text: DiCaprio

text: and

text: his

text: namesake

text: Nikolaos is a common Greek first name which means "Victor of People", a compound of  "nik" 'victory' and  "laos" 'people'. The connotation is "people's champion" or "conqueror of people". The English form is Nicholas.

text: Nikolaos

text: is

text: common

text: Greek

text: first

text: name

text: which

text: means

text: Victor

text: of

text: People

text: compound

text: of

text: nik

text: victory

text: and

text: laos

text: people

text: The

text: connotation

text: is

text: people

text: 's

text: champion

text: or

text: conqueror

text: of

text: people

text: The

text: English

text: form

text: is

text: Nicholas

text: Saint Nicholas; (15 March 270  6 December 343), also called Nikolaos of Myra, was a historic 4th-century Christian saint and Greek Bishop of Myra, in Asia Minor (modern-day Demre, Turkey). Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nikolaos the Wonderworker. His reputation evolved among the faithful, as was common for early Christian saints, and his legendary habit of secret gift-giving gave rise to the traditional model of Santa Claus through Sinterklaas.

text: Saint

text: Nicholas

text: March

text: December

text: also

text: called

text: Nikolaos

text: of

text: Myra

text: was

text: historic

text: century

text: Christian

text: saint

text: and

text: Greek

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Myra

text: in

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: modern

text: day

text: Demre

text: Turkey

text: Because

text: of

text: the

text: many

text: miracles

text: attributed

text: to

text: his

text: intercession

text: he

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Nikolaos

text: the

text: Wonderworker

text: His

text: reputation

text: evolved

text: among

text: the

text: faithful

text: as

text: was

text: common

text: for

text: early

text: Christian

text: saints

text: and

text: his

text: legendary

text: habit

text: of

text: secret

text: gift

text: giving

text: gave

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: traditional

text: model

text: of

text: Santa

text: Claus

text: through

text: Sinterklaas

text:
Nicholas or Nikolas or Nicolas or Nickolas is a male given name, derived from the Greek name  ("Nikolaos"), a compound of  "nik" 'victory' and ; "laos" 'people', that is, victor of the people. The name became popular through Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra in Lycia, the inspiration for Santa Claus. The name Nikolaos () pre-existed the Bishop of Myra who became Saint Nicholas, by several centuries. The Athenian historian Thucydides mentions that in the second year of the Peloponnesian war (431 to 404 BC) between Sparta and Athens, the Spartans sent a delegation to the Persian king to ask for his help to fight the Athenians. He mentions the names of the Spartan delegates, Nikolaos was a delegate. The customary English version of spelling "Nicholas", using an "h", first came into use in the 12th century and has been firmly established since the Reformation, though "Nicolas" is occasionally used.
In the United States, Nicholas  and its variations  was the 17th most popular male name given to babies in 2006. Roughly 0.7151% of the baby boys born that year, or 15,414, were given that name. It is decreasing in popularity, from a high in 1997, when 27,248 males in the United States were given the name Nicholas. That year was the most popular year for Nicholas since 1880, when U.S. records were kept for given names.

text: Nicholas

text: or

text: Nikolas

text: or

text: Nicolas

text: or

text: Nickolas

text: is

text: male

text: given

text: name

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: name

text: Nikolaos

text: compound

text: of

text: nik

text: victory

text: and

text: laos

text: people

text: that

text: is

text: victor

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: The

text: name

text: became

text: popular

text: through

text: Saint

text: Nicholas

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Myra

text: in

text: Lycia

text: the

text: inspiration

text: for

text: Santa

text: Claus

text: The

text: name

text: Nikolaos

text: pre

text: existed

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Myra

text: who

text: became

text: Saint

text: Nicholas

text: by

text: several

text: centuries

text: The

text: Athenian

text: historian

text: Thucydides

text: mentions

text: that

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: year

text: of

text: the

text: Peloponnesian

text: war

text: to

text: BC

text: between

text: Sparta

text: and

text: Athens

text: the

text: Spartans

text: sent

text: delegation

text: to

text: the

text: Persian

text: king

text: to

text: ask

text: for

text: his

text: help

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: Athenians

text: He

text: mentions

text: the

text: names

text: of

text: the

text: Spartan

text: delegates

text: Nikolaos

text: was

text: delegate

text: The

text: customary

text: English

text: version

text: of

text: spelling

text: Nicholas

text: using

text: an

text: first

text: came

text: into

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: firmly

text: established

text: since

text: the

text: Reformation

text: though

text: Nicolas

text: is

text: occasionally

text: used

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Nicholas

text: and

text: its

text: variations

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: male

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: babies

text: in

text: Roughly

text: of

text: the

text: baby

text: boys

text: born

text: that

text: year

text: or

text: were

text: given

text: that

text: name

text: It

text: is

text: decreasing

text: in

text: popularity

text: from

text: high

text: in

text: when

text: males

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: were

text: given

text: the

text: name

text: Nicholas

text: That

text: year

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: year

text: for

text: Nicholas

text: since

text: when

text: U.S.

text: records

text: were

text: kept

text: for

text: given

text: names

text: A Christian (or ) is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word "Christós" (), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term "mashiach".

text: Christian

text: or

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: follows

text: or

text: adheres

text: to

text: Christianity

text: an

text: Abrahamic

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: life

text: and

text: teachings

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: Christian

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Koine

text: Greek

text: word

text: Christós

text: translation

text: of

text: the

text: Biblical

text: Hebrew

text: term

text: mashiach

text: A surname or family name is a name added to a given name. In many cases, a surname is a family name and many dictionaries define "surname" as a synonym of "family name". In the Western Hemisphere, it is commonly synonymous with last name because it is usually placed at the end of a person's given name there.

text: surname

text: or

text: family

text: name

text: is

text: name

text: added

text: to

text: given

text: name

text: In

text: many

text: cases

text: surname

text: is

text: family

text: name

text: and

text: many

text: dictionaries

text: define

text: surname

text: as

text: synonym

text: of

text: family

text: name

text: In

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: it

text: is

text: commonly

text: synonymous

text: with

text: last

text: name

text: because

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: placed

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: person

text: 's

text: given

text: name

text: there

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely single

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of nikos

answer: male given name

text: male given name


text: Company Flow was an American underground hip hop group from Brooklyn, New York City at one time associated with the independent record label Rawkus Records. Rapper/producer El-P and DJ/producer Mr. Len founded the group in 1993 in Queens, New York where rapper/producer Bigg Jus later joined.

text: Company

text: Flow

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: underground

text: hip

text: hop

text: group

text: from

text: Brooklyn

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: at

text: one

text: time

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: independent

text: record

text: label

text: Rawkus

text: Records

text: Rapper

text: producer

text: El

text: and

text: DJ

text: producer

text: Mr.

text: Len

text: founded

text: the

text: group

text: in

text: in

text: Queens

text: New

text: York

text: where

text: rapper

text: producer

text: Bigg

text: Jus

text: later

text: joined

text: Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms".

text: Jazz

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: amongst

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: Since

text: the

text: jazz

text: age

text: jazz

text: has

text: become

text: recognized

text: as

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: musical

text: expression

text: It

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: independent

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: musical

text: styles

text: all

text: linked

text: by

text: the

text: common

text: bonds

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: European

text: American

text: musical

text: parentage

text: with

text: performance

text: orientation

text: Jazz

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: swing

text: and

text: blue

text: notes

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: vocals

text: polyrhythms

text: and

text: improvisation

text: Jazz

text: has

text: roots

text: in

text: West

text: African

text: cultural

text: and

text: musical

text: expression

text: and

text: in

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: traditions

text: including

text: blues

text: and

text: ragtime

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: European

text: military

text: band

text: music

text: Although

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: jazz

text: is

text: deeply

text: rooted

text: within

text: the

text: Black

text: experience

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: different

text: cultures

text: have

text: contributed

text: their

text: own

text: experience

text: and

text: styles

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: form

text: as

text: well

text: Intellectuals

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: have

text: hailed

text: jazz

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: original

text: art

text: forms

text: A pseudonym (and ) or alias is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from their original or true name (orthonym). Pseudonyms include stage names and user names (both called "screen names"), ring names, pen names, nicknames, aliases, superhero identities and code names, gamer identifications, and regnal names of emperors, popes, and other monarchs. Historically, they have often taken the form of anagrams, Graecisms, and Latinisations, although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym.

text: pseudonym

text: and

text: or

text: alias

text: is

text: name

text: that

text: person

text: or

text: group

text: assumes

text: for

text: particular

text: purpose

text: which

text: can

text: differ

text: from

text: their

text: original

text: or

text: true

text: name

text: orthonym

text: Pseudonyms

text: include

text: stage

text: names

text: and

text: user

text: names

text: both

text: called

text: screen

text: names

text: ring

text: names

text: pen

text: names

text: nicknames

text: aliases

text: superhero

text: identities

text: and

text: code

text: names

text: gamer

text: identifications

text: and

text: regnal

text: names

text: of

text: emperors

text: popes

text: and

text: other

text: monarchs

text: Historically

text: they

text: have

text: often

text: taken

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: anagrams

text: Graecisms

text: and

text: Latinisations

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: other

text: methods

text: of

text: choosing

text: pseudonym

text: A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience, primarily by making them laugh. This might be through jokes or amusing situations, or acting a fool, as in slapstick, or employing prop comedy. A comedian who addresses an audience directly is called a stand-up comic.

text: comedian

text: or

text: comic

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: seeks

text: to

text: entertain

text: an

text: audience

text: primarily

text: by

text: making

text: them

text: laugh

text: This

text: might

text: be

text: through

text: jokes

text: or

text: amusing

text: situations

text: or

text: acting

text: fool

text: as

text: in

text: slapstick

text: or

text: employing

text: prop

text: comedy

text: comedian

text: who

text: addresses

text: an

text: audience

text: directly

text: is

text: called

text: stand

text: up

text: comic

text: Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid- 1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions used in other related genres and brings a strong rhythmic groove of a bass line played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer to the foreground. Funk songs are often based on an extended vamp on a single chord, distinguishing them from R&B and soul songs, which are built on complex chord progressions. Funk uses the same richly-colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths.

text: Funk

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: mid-

text: when

text: African

text: American

text: musicians

text: created

text: rhythmic

text: danceable

text: new

text: form

text: of

text: music

text: through

text: mixture

text: of

text: soul

text: music

text: jazz

text: and

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: R&B

text: Funk

text: de

text: emphasizes

text: melody

text: and

text: chord

text: progressions

text: used

text: in

text: other

text: related

text: genres

text: and

text: brings

text: strong

text: rhythmic

text: groove

text: of

text: bass

text: line

text: played

text: by

text: an

text: electric

text: bassist

text: and

text: drum

text: part

text: played

text: by

text: drummer

text: to

text: the

text: foreground

text: Funk

text: songs

text: are

text: often

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: extended

text: vamp

text: on

text: single

text: chord

text: distinguishing

text: them

text: from

text: R&B

text: and

text: soul

text: songs

text: which

text: are

text: built

text: on

text: complex

text: chord

text: progressions

text: Funk

text: uses

text: the

text: same

text: richly

text: colored

text: extended

text: chords

text: found

text: in

text: bebop

text: jazz

text: such

text: as

text: minor

text: chords

text: with

text: added

text: sevenths

text: and

text: elevenths

text: or

text: dominant

text: seventh

text: chords

text: with

text: altered

text: ninths

text: A stage name, also called a screen name, is a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers such as actors, comedians, and musicians.

text: stage

text: name

text: also

text: called

text: screen

text: name

text: is

text: pseudonym

text: used

text: by

text: performers

text: and

text: entertainers

text: such

text: as

text: actors

text: comedians

text: and

text: musicians

text: An actor (or actress for females; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance. The actor performs "in the flesh" in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is, literally "one who answers". The actor's interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is "playing themselves", as in some forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly; to act, is to create, a character in performance.

text: An

text: actor

text: or

text: actress

text: for

text: females

text: see

text: terminology

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: portrays

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: actor

text: performs

text: in

text: the

text: flesh

text: in

text: the

text: traditional

text: medium

text: of

text: the

text: theatre

text: or

text: in

text: modern

text: mediums

text: such

text: as

text: film

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: The

text: analogous

text: Greek

text: term

text: is

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: answers

text: The

text: actor

text: 's

text: interpretation

text: of

text: their

text: role

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: role

text: played

text: whether

text: based

text: on

text: real

text: person

text: or

text: fictional

text: character

text: Interpretation

text: occurs

text: even

text: when

text: the

text: actor

text: is

text: playing

text: themselves

text: as

text: in

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: experimental

text: performance

text: art

text: or

text: more

text: commonly

text: to

text: act

text: is

text: to

text: create

text: character

text: in

text: performance

text: Alternative hip hop (also known as alternative rap) is a subgenre of hip hop music that encompasses the wide range of styles of hip hop that have not become identified as mainstream. AllMusic defines it as follows: "Alternative rap refers to hip hop groups that tend not to conform to any of the traditional forms of rap, such as gangsta, bass, hardcore, pop, and party rap. Instead, they blur genres  drawing equally from funk and rock, as well as jazz, soul, reggae, country, electronic, and even folk."

text: Alternative

text: hip

text: hop

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: alternative

text: rap

text: is

text: subgenre

text: of

text: hip

text: hop

text: music

text: that

text: encompasses

text: the

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: styles

text: of

text: hip

text: hop

text: that

text: have

text: not

text: become

text: identified

text: as

text: mainstream

text: AllMusic

text: defines

text: it

text: as

text: follows

text: Alternative

text: rap

text: refers

text: to

text: hip

text: hop

text: groups

text: that

text: tend

text: not

text: to

text: conform

text: to

text: any

text: of

text: the

text: traditional

text: forms

text: of

text: rap

text: such

text: as

text: gangsta

text: bass

text: hardcore

text: pop

text: and

text: party

text: rap

text: Instead

text: they

text: blur

text: genres

text: drawing

text: equally

text: from

text: funk

text: and

text: rock

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: jazz

text: soul

text: reggae

text: country

text: electronic

text: and

text: even

text: folk

text: Reggae is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals "Do the Reggay" was the first popular song to use the word "reggae," effectively naming the genre and introducing it to a global audience. While sometimes used in a broad sense to refer to most types of popular Jamaican dance music, the term "reggae" more properly denotes a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento as well as American jazz and rhythm and blues, especially the New Orleans R&B practiced by Fats Domino and Allen Toussaint, and evolved out of the earlier genres ska and rocksteady. Reggae usually relates news, social gossip, and political comment. Reggae spread into a commercialized jazz field, being known first as Rudie Blues, then Ska, later Blue Beat, and Rock Steady. It is instantly recognizable from the counterpoint between the bass and drum downbeat, and the offbeat rhythm section. The immediate origins of reggae were in ska and rock steady; from the latter, reggae took over the use of the bass as a percussion instrument.

text: Reggae

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: Jamaica

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: The

text: term

text: also

text: denotes

text: the

text: modern

text: popular

text: music

text: of

text: Jamaica

text: and

text: its

text: diaspora

text: single

text: by

text: Toots

text: and

text: the

text: Maytals

text: Do

text: the

text: Reggay

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: popular

text: song

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: reggae

text: effectively

text: naming

text: the

text: genre

text: and

text: introducing

text: it

text: to

text: global

text: audience

text: While

text: sometimes

text: used

text: in

text: broad

text: sense

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: most

text: types

text: of

text: popular

text: Jamaican

text: dance

text: music

text: the

text: term

text: reggae

text: more

text: properly

text: denotes

text: particular

text: music

text: style

text: that

text: was

text: strongly

text: influenced

text: by

text: traditional

text: mento

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: American

text: jazz

text: and

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: especially

text: the

text: New

text: Orleans

text: R&B

text: practiced

text: by

text: Fats

text: Domino

text: and

text: Allen

text: Toussaint

text: and

text: evolved

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: earlier

text: genres

text: ska

text: and

text: rocksteady

text: Reggae

text: usually

text: relates

text: news

text: social

text: gossip

text: and

text: political

text: comment

text: Reggae

text: spread

text: into

text: commercialized

text: jazz

text: field

text: being

text: known

text: first

text: as

text: Rudie

text: Blues

text: then

text: Ska

text: later

text: Blue

text: Beat

text: and

text: Rock

text: Steady

text: It

text: is

text: instantly

text: recognizable

text: from

text: the

text: counterpoint

text: between

text: the

text: bass

text: and

text: drum

text: downbeat

text: and

text: the

text: offbeat

text: rhythm

text: section

text: The

text: immediate

text: origins

text: of

text: reggae

text: were

text: in

text: ska

text: and

text: rock

text: steady

text: from

text: the

text: latter

text: reggae

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: bass

text: as

text: percussion

text: instrument

text: Hip hop is a subcultural art movement that was formed during the early 1970s primarily by African-American and Afro Puerto Rican youths residing in the South Bronx in New York City. Art historian Robert Farris Thompson describes the demographics of the youth that characterize the South Bronx in the early 1970s as "English-speaking blacks from Barbados" like Grandmaster Flash, "black Jamaicans" like DJ Kool Herc, "thousands of Nuyoricans", who introduced the rhythms from Salsa (music), as well as Afro conga and bonga drums, as well as many who emulated the sounds of Tito Puente and Willie Colón with existing styles of musical styles from jazz to funk associated with African Americans prior to the 1970s. Hip hop music became popular outside of the African-American community in the late 1980s. After the rise of new media platforms and Web 2.0 technology of the Internet, fans would primarily consume the musical genre through social networking sites (SNS) beginning with Myspace evolving to notable mobile apps like YouTube, Worldstarhiphop, SoundCloud, and Spotify.

text: Hip

text: hop

text: is

text: subcultural

text: art

text: movement

text: that

text: was

text: formed

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: primarily

text: by

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: Afro

text: Puerto

text: Rican

text: youths

text: residing

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Bronx

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Art

text: historian

text: Robert

text: Farris

text: Thompson

text: describes

text: the

text: demographics

text: of

text: the

text: youth

text: that

text: characterize

text: the

text: South

text: Bronx

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: as

text: English

text: speaking

text: blacks

text: from

text: Barbados

text: like

text: Grandmaster

text: Flash

text: black

text: Jamaicans

text: like

text: DJ

text: Kool

text: Herc

text: thousands

text: of

text: Nuyoricans

text: who

text: introduced

text: the

text: rhythms

text: from

text: Salsa

text: music

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Afro

text: conga

text: and

text: bonga

text: drums

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: many

text: who

text: emulated

text: the

text: sounds

text: of

text: Tito

text: Puente

text: and

text: Willie

text: Colón

text: with

text: existing

text: styles

text: of

text: musical

text: styles

text: from

text: jazz

text: to

text: funk

text: associated

text: with

text: African

text: Americans

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Hip

text: hop

text: music

text: became

text: popular

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: community

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: After

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: new

text: media

text: platforms

text: and

text: Web

text: technology

text: of

text: the

text: Internet

text: fans

text: would

text: primarily

text: consume

text: the

text: musical

text: genre

text: through

text: social

text: networking

text: sites

text: SNS

text: beginning

text: with

text: Myspace

text: evolving

text: to

text: notable

text: mobile

text: apps

text: like

text: YouTube

text: Worldstarhiphop

text: SoundCloud

text: and

text: Spotify

text: Justin Ingleton , better known by his stage name Bigg Jus , is an American alternative hip hop artist from Far Rockaway , Queens . He was a member of Company Flow along with El - P and Mr. Len . He is also one half of the duo Nephlim Modulation Systems with Orko Eloheim .

text: Justin

text: Ingleton

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Bigg

text: Jus

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: alternative

text: hip

text: hop

text: artist

text: from

text: Far

text: Rockaway

text: Queens

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: Company

text: Flow

text: along

text: with

text: El

text: and

text: Mr.

text: Len

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: one

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: duo

text: Nephlim

text: Modulation

text: Systems

text: with

text: Orko

text: Eloheim

text: AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide or AMG) is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network.

text: AllMusic

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: All

text: Music

text: Guide

text: or

text: AMG

text: is

text: an

text: online

text: music

text: guide

text: service

text: website

text: It

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: by

text: All

text: Media

text: Guide

text: which

text: later

text: became

text: All

text: Media

text: Network

text: A musician (or instrumentalist) is a person who plays a musical instrument or is musically talented. Anyone who composes, conducts, or performs music may also be referred to as a musician.

text: musician

text: or

text: instrumentalist

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: plays

text: musical

text: instrument

text: or

text: is

text: musically

text: talented

text: Anyone

text: who

text: composes

text: conducts

text: or

text: performs

text: music

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: musician

text: Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre formed in the United States in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted. It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing.

text: Hip

text: hop

text: music

text: also

text: called

text: hip

text: hop

text: or

text: rap

text: music

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: which

text: consists

text: of

text: stylized

text: rhythmic

text: music

text: that

text: commonly

text: accompanies

text: rapping

text: rhythmic

text: and

text: rhyming

text: speech

text: that

text: is

text: chanted

text: It

text: developed

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: hip

text: hop

text: culture

text: subculture

text: defined

text: by

text: four

text: key

text: stylistic

text: elements

text: MCing

text: rapping

text: DJing

text: scratching

text: break

text: dancing

text: and

text: graffiti

text: writing

text: Other

text: elements

text: include

text: sampling

text: or

text: synthesis

text: and

text: beatboxing

text: The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: often

text: called

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: or

text: simply

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomerations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: global

text: power

text: city

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exerts

text: significant

text: impact

text: upon

text: commerce

text: finance

text: media

text: art

text: fashion

text: research

text: technology

text: education

text: and

text: entertainment

text: its

text: fast

text: pace

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: New

text: York

text: minute

text: Home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: international

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: financial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Jaime Meline (born March 2, 1975), better known by his stage name El-P (originally El Producto), is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer and record executive from Brooklyn, New York City. Originally a member of Company Flow, El-P has been a major driving force in alternative hip hop for more than two decades, producing for several notable underground rappers.

text: Jaime

text: Meline

text: born

text: March

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: El

text: originally

text: El

text: Producto

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: recording

text: artist

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: record

text: executive

text: from

text: Brooklyn

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Originally

text: member

text: of

text: Company

text: Flow

text: El

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: driving

text: force

text: in

text: alternative

text: hip

text: hop

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: decades

text: producing

text: for

text: several

text: notable

text: underground

text: rappers

question: occupation bigg jus

answer: rapper

text: rapper

text: rapper