text: Tighnabruaich is a village on the Kyles of Bute on the Cowal Peninsula, in Argyll and Bute, Scotland.

text: Tighnabruaich

text: is

text: village

text: on

text: the

text: Kyles

text: of

text: Bute

text: on

text: the

text: Cowal

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: Scotland

text: The Intercalated Olympic Games were to be a series of "International Olympic Games" halfway between what is now known as the Games of the Olympiad. This proposed series of games, intercalated in the Olympic Games cycle, was to always be held in Athens, and were to have equal status with the international games. However, the only such games were held in 1906.

text: The

text: Intercalated

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: were

text: to

text: be

text: series

text: of

text: International

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: halfway

text: between

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Games

text: of

text: the

text: Olympiad

text: This

text: proposed

text: series

text: of

text: games

text: intercalated

text: in

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: cycle

text: was

text: to

text: always

text: be

text: held

text: in

text: Athens

text: and

text: were

text: to

text: have

text: equal

text: status

text: with

text: the

text: international

text: games

text: However

text: the

text: only

text: such

text: games

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: A multi-sport event is an organized sports event, often held over multiple days, featuring competition in many different sports between organized teams of athletes from (mostly) nation states. The first major, modern, multi-sport event of international significance is the modern Olympic Games.

text: multi

text: sport

text: event

text: is

text: an

text: organized

text: sports

text: event

text: often

text: held

text: over

text: multiple

text: days

text: featuring

text: competition

text: in

text: many

text: different

text: sports

text: between

text: organized

text: teams

text: of

text: athletes

text: from

text: mostly

text: nation

text: states

text: The

text: first

text: major

text: modern

text: multi

text: sport

text: event

text: of

text: international

text: significance

text: is

text: the

text: modern

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: International mostly means something (a company, language, or organization) involving more than a single country. The term international as a word means involvement of, interaction between or encompassing more than one nation, or generally beyond national boundaries. For example, international law, which is applied by more than one country and usually everywhere on Earth, and international language which is a language spoken by residents of more than one country.

text: International

text: mostly

text: means

text: something

text: company

text: language

text: or

text: organization

text: involving

text: more

text: than

text: single

text: country

text: The

text: term

text: international

text: as

text: word

text: means

text: involvement

text: of

text: interaction

text: between

text: or

text: encompassing

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: nation

text: or

text: generally

text: beyond

text: national

text: boundaries

text: For

text: example

text: international

text: law

text: which

text: is

text: applied

text: by

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: country

text: and

text: usually

text: everywhere

text: on

text: Earth

text: and

text: international

text: language

text: which

text: is

text: language

text: spoken

text: by

text: residents

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: country

text: The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London, England from 27 April to 31 October 1908. These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome, but were re-located on financial grounds following a disastrous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906. They were the fourth chronological modern Olympic Games in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle as opposed to the proposed Intercalated Games alternate four-year cycle. The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Lasting a total of 187 days, or 6 months and 4 days, these games were the longest in modern Olympics history.

text: The

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: officially

text: the

text: Games

text: of

text: the

text: IV

text: Olympiad

text: were

text: an

text: international

text: multi

text: sport

text: event

text: which

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: in

text: London

text: England

text: from

text: April

text: to

text: October

text: These

text: games

text: were

text: originally

text: scheduled

text: to

text: be

text: held

text: in

text: Rome

text: but

text: were

text: re

text: located

text: on

text: financial

text: grounds

text: following

text: disastrous

text: eruption

text: of

text: Mount

text: Vesuvius

text: in

text: They

text: were

text: the

text: fourth

text: chronological

text: modern

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: in

text: keeping

text: with

text: the

text: now

text: accepted

text: four

text: year

text: cycle

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: proposed

text: Intercalated

text: Games

text: alternate

text: four

text: year

text: cycle

text: The

text: IOC

text: president

text: for

text: these

text: Games

text: was

text: Baron

text: Pierre

text: de

text: Coubertin

text: Lasting

text: total

text: of

text: days

text: or

text: months

text: and

text: days

text: these

text: games

text: were

text: the

text: longest

text: in

text: modern

text: Olympics

text: history

text: Rome is a city and special "comune" (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated "comune" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states.

text: Rome

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: special

text: comune

text: named

text: Roma

text: Capitale

text: in

text: Italy

text: Rome

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Italy

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Lazio

text: region

text: With

text: residents

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: comune

text: and

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Rome

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: residents

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: Peninsula

text: within

text: Lazio

text: Latium

text: along

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Tiber

text: river

text: The

text: Vatican

text: City

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: country

text: geographically

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Rome

text: the

text: only

text: existing

text: example

text: of

text: country

text: within

text: city

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: Rome

text: has

text: been

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: capital

text: of

text: two

text: states

text: The Belgian Olympic and Interfederal Committee, abbreviated to BOIC or COIB, is the National Olympic Committee for Belgium. It was founded in 1906 and the administrative seat is located in Brussels.

text: The

text: Belgian

text: Olympic

text: and

text: Interfederal

text: Committee

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: BOIC

text: or

text: COIB

text: is

text: the

text: National

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: for

text: Belgium

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: administrative

text: seat

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Brussels

text: Baron Édouard-Émile-Albert de Laveleye (Ghent, 22 October 1854-Brussels, 23 November 1938) was a Belgian mining engineer, financier and writer. He was son of Émile de Laveleye (1822-1892) the Belgian economist.

text: Baron

text: Édouard

text: Émile

text: Albert

text: de

text: Laveleye

text: Ghent

text: October

text: November

text: was

text: Belgian

text: mining

text: engineer

text: financier

text: and

text: writer

text: He

text: was

text: son

text: of

text: Émile

text: de

text: Laveleye

text: the

text: Belgian

text: economist

text: Cowal is a peninsula and region that extends into the Firth of Clyde, in the south of Argyll and Bute, in the west of Scotland. Dunoon on the southeast coast of Cowal, on the Firth of Clyde, is the main town on Cowal.

text: Cowal

text: is

text: peninsula

text: and

text: region

text: that

text: extends

text: into

text: the

text: Firth

text: of

text: Clyde

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: Scotland

text: Dunoon

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: coast

text: of

text: Cowal

text: on

text: the

text: Firth

text: of

text: Clyde

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: town

text: on

text: Cowal

text: The Kyles of Bute (Scottish Gaelic: Na Caoil Bhòdach) is a narrow sea channel that separates the northern end of the Isle of Bute from the Cowal Peninsula in Argyll and Bute, on the Scottish mainland.

text: The

text: Kyles

text: of

text: Bute

text: Scottish

text: Gaelic

text: Caoil

text: Bhòdach

text: is

text: narrow

text: sea

text: channel

text: that

text: separates

text: the

text: northern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Bute

text: from

text: the

text: Cowal

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: on

text: the

text: Scottish

text: mainland

text: Tom Nicolson ( Thomas Rae Nicolson ; 3 October 1879 -- 18 April 1951 ) from Tighnabruaich was a British track and field athlete who competed in the 1908 Summer Olympics and in the 1920 Summer Olympics . In 1908 he finished fourth in the hammer throw competition . He also participated in the shot put event but his final ranking is unknown . Twelve years later he finished sixth in the hammer throw competition . Rae was a keen shinty player for Kyles Athletic , captaining the side alongside six of his brothers . He is believed to be the only shinty summer Olympian .

text: Tom

text: Nicolson

text: Thomas

text: Rae

text: Nicolson

text: October

text: April

text: from

text: Tighnabruaich

text: was

text: British

text: track

text: and

text: field

text: athlete

text: who

text: competed

text: in

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: In

text: he

text: finished

text: fourth

text: in

text: the

text: hammer

text: throw

text: competition

text: He

text: also

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: shot

text: put

text: event

text: but

text: his

text: final

text: ranking

text: is

text: unknown

text: Twelve

text: years

text: later

text: he

text: finished

text: sixth

text: in

text: the

text: hammer

text: throw

text: competition

text: Rae

text: was

text: keen

text: shinty

text: player

text: for

text: Kyles

text: Athletic

text: captaining

text: the

text: side

text: alongside

text: six

text: of

text: his

text: brothers

text: He

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: only

text: shinty

text: summer

text: Olympian

text: The Royal Belgian Football Association (Dutch: "Koninklijke Belgische Voetbalbond", KBVB; French: "Union royale belge des sociétés de football association", URBSFA; German: "Königlicher Belgischer Fußballverband", KBFV) is the governing body of football and futsal in Belgium. It is a founding member of the international federations FIFA (in 1904) and UEFA (in 1954). The association is based in Brussels, not far from the King Baudouin Stadium. As of 2015, it is presided over by chairman François De Keersmaecker.

text: The

text: Royal

text: Belgian

text: Football

text: Association

text: Dutch

text: Koninklijke

text: Belgische

text: Voetbalbond

text: KBVB

text: French

text: Union

text: royale

text: belge

text: des

text: sociétés

text: de

text: football

text: association

text: URBSFA

text: German

text: Königlicher

text: Belgischer

text: Fußballverband

text: KBFV

text: is

text: the

text: governing

text: body

text: of

text: football

text: and

text: futsal

text: in

text: Belgium

text: It

text: is

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: federations

text: FIFA

text: in

text: and

text: UEFA

text: in

text: The

text: association

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: Brussels

text: not

text: far

text: from

text: the

text: King

text: Baudouin

text: Stadium

text: As

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: presided

text: over

text: by

text: chairman

text: François

text: De

text: Keersmaecker

text: Argyll and Bute is both one of 32 unitary authority council areas and a lieutenancy area in Scotland. The administrative centre for the council area is in Lochgilphead.

text: Argyll

text: and

text: Bute

text: is

text: both

text: one

text: of

text: unitary

text: authority

text: council

text: areas

text: and

text: lieutenancy

text: area

text: in

text: Scotland

text: The

text: administrative

text: centre

text: for

text: the

text: council

text: area

text: is

text: in

text: Lochgilphead

text:
The 1920 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium.
In March 1912, during the 13th session of the IOC, the bid on the behalf of Belgium to host the 1920 Summer Olympics was made by Baron Édouard de Laveleye, president of the Belgian Olympic Committee and of the Royal Belgian Football Association. No fixed host city was proposed at the time.

text: The

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Games

text: of

text: the

text: VII

text: Olympiad

text: were

text: an

text: international

text: multi

text: sport

text: event

text: in

text: in

text: Antwerp

text: Belgium

text: In

text: March

text: during

text: the

text: session

text: of

text: the

text: IOC

text: the

text: bid

text: on

text: the

text: behalf

text: of

text: Belgium

text: to

text: host

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: was

text: made

text: by

text: Baron

text: Édouard

text: de

text: Laveleye

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Belgian

text: Olympic

text: Committee

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Belgian

text: Football

text: Association

text: No

text: fixed

text: host

text: city

text: was

text: proposed

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.

text: Belgium

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: France

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: which

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Straddling

text: the

text: cultural

text: boundary

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Latin

text: Europe

text: Belgium

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: main

text: linguistic

text: groups

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Flemish

text: community

text: which

text: constitutes

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Walloon

text: population

text: which

text: comprises

text: of

text: all

text: Belgians

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Cantons

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: High

text: Fens

text: area

text: and

text: bordering

text: Germany

text: Mount Vesuvius ( also "Vesevus" or "Vesaevus" in some Roman sources) is a somma-stratovolcano located on the Gulf of Naples in Campania, Italy, about east of Naples and a short distance from the shore. It is one of several volcanoes which form the Campanian volcanic arc. Vesuvius consists of a large cone partially encircled by the steep rim of a summit caldera caused by the collapse of an earlier and originally much higher structure.

text: Mount

text: Vesuvius

text: also

text: Vesevus

text: or

text: Vesaevus

text: in

text: some

text: Roman

text: sources

text: is

text: somma

text: stratovolcano

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Naples

text: in

text: Campania

text: Italy

text: about

text: east

text: of

text: Naples

text: and

text: short

text: distance

text: from

text: the

text: shore

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: volcanoes

text: which

text: form

text: the

text: Campanian

text: volcanic

text: arc

text: Vesuvius

text: consists

text: of

text: large

text: cone

text: partially

text: encircled

text: by

text: the

text: steep

text: rim

text: of

text: summit

text: caldera

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: collapse

text: of

text: an

text: earlier

text: and

text: originally

text: much

text: higher

text: structure

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

question: place_of_birth tom nicolson

answer: argyll and bute

text: argyll and bute

text: argyll and bute

text: argyll and bute

text: argyll and bute


text: In politics and military planning, a war effort refers to a coordinated mobilization of society's resourcesboth industrial and humantowards the support of a military force. Depending on the militarization of the culture, the relative size of the armed forces and the society supporting them, the style of government, and the popular support for the military objectives, such war effort can range from a small industry to complete command of society.

text: In

text: politics

text: and

text: military

text: planning

text: war

text: effort

text: refers

text: to

text: coordinated

text: mobilization

text: of

text: society

text: 's

text: resourcesboth

text: industrial

text: and

text: humantowards

text: the

text: support

text: of

text: military

text: force

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: militarization

text: of

text: the

text: culture

text: the

text: relative

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: and

text: the

text: society

text: supporting

text: them

text: the

text: style

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: popular

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: military

text: objectives

text: such

text: war

text: effort

text: can

text: range

text: from

text: small

text: industry

text: to

text: complete

text: command

text: of

text: society

text: Civilian control of the military is a doctrine in military and political science that places ultimate responsibility for a country's strategic decision-making in the hands of the civilian political leadership, rather than professional military officers. The reverse situation, where professional military officers control national politics, is called a military dictatorship. A lack of control over the military may result in a state within a state. One author, paraphrasing Samuel P. Huntington's writings in "The Soldier and the State", has summarized the civilian control ideal as "the proper subordination of a competent, professional military to the ends of policy as determined by civilian authority".

text: Civilian

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: is

text: doctrine

text: in

text: military

text: and

text: political

text: science

text: that

text: places

text: ultimate

text: responsibility

text: for

text: country

text: 's

text: strategic

text: decision

text: making

text: in

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: the

text: civilian

text: political

text: leadership

text: rather

text: than

text: professional

text: military

text: officers

text: The

text: reverse

text: situation

text: where

text: professional

text: military

text: officers

text: control

text: national

text: politics

text: is

text: called

text: military

text: dictatorship

text: lack

text: of

text: control

text: over

text: the

text: military

text: may

text: result

text: in

text: state

text: within

text: state

text: One

text: author

text: paraphrasing

text: Samuel

text: Huntington

text: 's

text: writings

text: in

text: The

text: Soldier

text: and

text: the

text: State

text: has

text: summarized

text: the

text: civilian

text: control

text: ideal

text: as

text: the

text: proper

text: subordination

text: of

text: competent

text: professional

text: military

text: to

text: the

text: ends

text: of

text: policy

text: as

text: determined

text: by

text: civilian

text: authority

text: The military, also called the armed forces, are forces authorized to use deadly force, and weapons, to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens. The task of the military is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens, and the prosecution of war against another state. The military may also have additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within a society, including, the promotion of a political agenda, protecting corporate economic interests, internal population control, construction, emergency services, social ceremonies, and guarding important areas. The military can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil society, through the development of separate infrastructures, which may include housing, schools, utilities, food production and banking.

text: The

text: military

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: are

text: forces

text: authorized

text: to

text: use

text: deadly

text: force

text: and

text: weapons

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: citizens

text: The

text: task

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: is

text: usually

text: defined

text: as

text: defense

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: its

text: citizens

text: and

text: the

text: prosecution

text: of

text: war

text: against

text: another

text: state

text: The

text: military

text: may

text: also

text: have

text: additional

text: sanctioned

text: and

text: non

text: sanctioned

text: functions

text: within

text: society

text: including

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: political

text: agenda

text: protecting

text: corporate

text: economic

text: interests

text: internal

text: population

text: control

text: construction

text: emergency

text: services

text: social

text: ceremonies

text: and

text: guarding

text: important

text: areas

text: The

text: military

text: can

text: also

text: function

text: as

text: discrete

text: subculture

text: within

text: larger

text: civil

text: society

text: through

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: separate

text: infrastructures

text: which

text: may

text: include

text: housing

text: schools

text: utilities

text: food

text: production

text: and

text: banking

text: A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state. In developing the current Constitution of France (1958), former French president Charles de Gaulle said the head of state should embody "the spirit of the nation" (""). In some countries, typically those with parliamentary governments, the head of state is a ceremonial figurehead that does not actually guide day-to-day government activities and may not even be empowered to exercise any kind of political authority (e.g., Queen Elizabeth II in the United Kingdom). In other countries, the head of state is also the head of government, such as in the U.S., where the president is both a public figurehead and the actual highest ranking political leader who, in practice, oversees the executive branch.

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: or

text: chief

text: of

text: state

text: is

text: the

text: public

text: persona

text: that

text: officially

text: represents

text: the

text: national

text: unity

text: and

text: legitimacy

text: of

text: sovereign

text: state

text: In

text: developing

text: the

text: current

text: Constitution

text: of

text: France

text: former

text: French

text: president

text: Charles

text: de

text: Gaulle

text: said

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: should

text: embody

text: the

text: spirit

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: typically

text: those

text: with

text: parliamentary

text: governments

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: is

text: ceremonial

text: figurehead

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: actually

text: guide

text: day

text: to

text: day

text: government

text: activities

text: and

text: may

text: not

text: even

text: be

text: empowered

text: to

text: exercise

text: any

text: kind

text: of

text: political

text: authority

text: e.g.

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: In

text: other

text: countries

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: where

text: the

text: president

text: is

text: both

text: public

text: figurehead

text: and

text: the

text: actual

text: highest

text: ranking

text: political

text: leader

text: who

text: in

text: practice

text: oversees

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions.

text: great

text: power

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: having

text: the

text: ability

text: and

text: expertise

text: to

text: exert

text: its

text: influence

text: on

text: global

text: scale

text: Great

text: powers

text: characteristically

text: possess

text: military

text: and

text: economic

text: strength

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: diplomatic

text: and

text: soft

text: power

text: influence

text: which

text: may

text: cause

text: middle

text: or

text: small

text: powers

text: to

text: consider

text: the

text: great

text: powers

text: opinions

text: before

text: taking

text: actions

text: of

text: their

text: own

text: International

text: relations

text: theorists

text: have

text: posited

text: that

text: great

text: power

text: status

text: can

text: be

text: characterized

text: into

text: power

text: capabilities

text: spatial

text: aspects

text: and

text: status

text: dimensions

text: A military alliance is an international agreement concerning national security, when the contracting parties promise to support each other in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, as coalitions are formed for a crisis that are already known.

text: military

text: alliance

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: agreement

text: concerning

text: national

text: security

text: when

text: the

text: contracting

text: parties

text: promise

text: to

text: support

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: case

text: of

text: crisis

text: that

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: identified

text: in

text: advance

text: Military

text: alliances

text: differ

text: from

text: coalitions

text: as

text: coalitions

text: are

text: formed

text: for

text: crisis

text: that

text: are

text: already

text: known

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

text: World

text: War

text: WWI

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: originating

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: military

text: personnel

text: including

text: million

text: Europeans

text: were

text: mobilised

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wars

text: in

text: history

text: Over

text: nine

text: million

text: combatants

text: and

text: seven

text: million

text: civilians

text: died

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: genocides

text: casualty

text: rate

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: technological

text: and

text: industrial

text: sophistication

text: and

text: the

text: tactical

text: stalemate

text: caused

text: by

text: gruelling

text: trench

text: warfare

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflicts

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: changes

text: including

text: revolutions

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: involved

text: Total war is warfare that includes any and all civilian-associated resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilizes all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs. The American-English Dictionary defines total war as "war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded."

text: Total

text: war

text: is

text: warfare

text: that

text: includes

text: any

text: and

text: all

text: civilian

text: associated

text: resources

text: and

text: infrastructure

text: as

text: legitimate

text: military

text: targets

text: mobilizes

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: resources

text: of

text: society

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: gives

text: priority

text: to

text: warfare

text: over

text: non

text: combatant

text: needs

text: The

text: American

text: English

text: Dictionary

text: defines

text: total

text: war

text: as

text: war

text: that

text: is

text: unrestricted

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: weapons

text: used

text: the

text: territory

text: or

text: combatants

text: involved

text: or

text: the

text: objectives

text: pursued

text: especially

text: one

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: war

text: are

text: disregarded

text:
Military personnel are members of the armed forces. Usually, personnel are divided into military branches roughly defined by certain circumstances of their deployment. Those who serve in a typical large land force are soldiers, making up an army. Those who serve in seagoing forces are seamen or sailors, and their branch is a navy or coast guard . Marines serve in a marine corps. In the 20th century, the development of powered flight aircraft prompted the development of air forces, serviced by airmen. Designated leaders of military personnel are officers. These include commissioned officers, warrant officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs). For naval forces, non-commissioned officers are referred to as petty officers (POs).
military personnel are instructed to wear dog tags

text: Military

text: personnel

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: Usually

text: personnel

text: are

text: divided

text: into

text: military

text: branches

text: roughly

text: defined

text: by

text: certain

text: circumstances

text: of

text: their

text: deployment

text: Those

text: who

text: serve

text: in

text: typical

text: large

text: land

text: force

text: are

text: soldiers

text: making

text: up

text: an

text: army

text: Those

text: who

text: serve

text: in

text: seagoing

text: forces

text: are

text: seamen

text: or

text: sailors

text: and

text: their

text: branch

text: is

text: navy

text: or

text: coast

text: guard

text: Marines

text: serve

text: in

text: marine

text: corps

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: powered

text: flight

text: aircraft

text: prompted

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: air

text: forces

text: serviced

text: by

text: airmen

text: Designated

text: leaders

text: of

text: military

text: personnel

text: are

text: officers

text: These

text: include

text: commissioned

text: officers

text: warrant

text: officers

text: and

text: non

text: commissioned

text: officers

text: NCOs

text: For

text: naval

text: forces

text: non

text: commissioned

text: officers

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: petty

text: officers

text: POs

text: military

text: personnel

text: are

text: instructed

text: to

text: wear

text: dog

text: tags

text: Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations, or both. It is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or nuclear-armed fighter-bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy's war-making capability.

text: Strategic

text: bombing

text: is

text: military

text: strategy

text: used

text: in

text: total

text: war

text: with

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: defeating

text: the

text: enemy

text: by

text: destroying

text: its

text: morale

text: or

text: its

text: economic

text: ability

text: to

text: produce

text: and

text: transport

text: materiel

text: to

text: the

text: theatres

text: of

text: military

text: operations

text: or

text: both

text: It

text: is

text: systematically

text: organized

text: and

text: executed

text: attack

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: which

text: can

text: utilize

text: strategic

text: bombers

text: long-

text: or

text: medium

text: range

text: missiles

text: or

text: nuclear

text: armed

text: fighter

text: bomber

text: aircraft

text: to

text: attack

text: targets

text: deemed

text: vital

text: to

text: the

text: enemy

text: 's

text: war

text: making

text: capability

text: An "official" is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working space with it) in an organization or government and participates in the exercise of authority (either their own or that of their superior and/or employer, public or legally private).

text: An

text: official

text: is

text: someone

text: who

text: holds

text: an

text: office

text: function

text: or

text: mandate

text: regardless

text: whether

text: it

text: carries

text: an

text: actual

text: working

text: space

text: with

text: it

text: in

text: an

text: organization

text: or

text: government

text: and

text: participates

text: in

text: the

text: exercise

text: of

text: authority

text: either

text: their

text: own

text: or

text: that

text: of

text: their

text: superior

text: and/or

text: employer

text: public

text: or

text: legally

text: private

text: In general, a civilian is "a person who is not a member of the military or of a police or firefighting force", as defined by Merriam Webster's Dictionary. From the perspective of the U.S. Department of Defense, Chapter 18 of Title 10 United States Code refers to non-military law enforcement officers as civilians since they are employees rather than enlisted personnel, and also in order to distinguish itself from military police. In military and law enforcement slang, the term "Civies" or "Civvies" are often used to refer civilian population or civilian clothing.

text: In

text: general

text: civilian

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: not

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: or

text: of

text: police

text: or

text: firefighting

text: force

text: as

text: defined

text: by

text: Merriam

text: Webster

text: 's

text: Dictionary

text: From

text: the

text: perspective

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: Chapter

text: of

text: Title

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: refers

text: to

text: non

text: military

text: law

text: enforcement

text: officers

text: as

text: civilians

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: employees

text: rather

text: than

text: enlisted

text: personnel

text: and

text: also

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: distinguish

text: itself

text: from

text: military

text: police

text: In

text: military

text: and

text: law

text: enforcement

text: slang

text: the

text: term

text: Civies

text: or

text: Civvies

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: civilian

text: population

text: or

text: civilian

text: clothing

text: A commander-in-chief is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces or significant elements of those forces. In the latter case, the force element is those forces within a particular region, or associated by function. As a practical term; it refers to military competencies that reside in a nation-state's executive leadershipeither a head of state, a head of government, a minister of defence, a national cabinet, or some other collegial body. Often, a given country's commander-in-chief (if held by an official) need not be or have been a commissioned officer or even a veteran. This follows the principle of civilian control of the military.

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: is

text: the

text: person

text: or

text: body

text: that

text: exercises

text: supreme

text: operational

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: of

text: nation

text: 's

text: military

text: forces

text: or

text: significant

text: elements

text: of

text: those

text: forces

text: In

text: the

text: latter

text: case

text: the

text: force

text: element

text: is

text: those

text: forces

text: within

text: particular

text: region

text: or

text: associated

text: by

text: function

text: As

text: practical

text: term

text: it

text: refers

text: to

text: military

text: competencies

text: that

text: reside

text: in

text: nation

text: state

text: 's

text: executive

text: leadershipeither

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: minister

text: of

text: defence

text: national

text: cabinet

text: or

text: some

text: other

text: collegial

text: body

text: Often

text: given

text: country

text: 's

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: if

text: held

text: by

text: an

text: official

text: need

text: not

text: be

text: or

text: have

text: been

text: commissioned

text: officer

text: or

text: even

text: veteran

text: This

text: follows

text: the

text: principle

text: of

text: civilian

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: The United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, during the final stage of World War II. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: dropped

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: on

text: the

text: Japanese

text: cities

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: respectively

text: during

text: the

text: final

text: stage

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: had

text: dropped

text: the

text: bombs

text: with

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: outlined

text: in

text: the

text: Quebec

text: Agreement

text: The

text: two

text: bombings

text: which

text: killed

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: remain

text: the

text: only

text: use

text: of

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: for

text: warfare

text: in

text: history

text: Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city (and later on Nagasaki) at 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II.

text: Hiroshima

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: city

text: in

text: history

text: to

text: be

text: targeted

text: by

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: when

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Air

text: Forces

text: USAAF

text: dropped

text: an

text: atomic

text: bomb

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: later

text: on

text: Nagasaki

text: at

text: a.m.

text: on

text: August

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text:
Command generally refers to the ability to "dominate an area of situation".
There are several definitions of command and control (C2). According to older versions of U.S. Army FM 3-0, C2 in a military organization is the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commanding officer over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. The term may also refer to command and control systems within a military system.

text: Command

text: generally

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: dominate

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: situation

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: definitions

text: of

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: According

text: to

text: older

text: versions

text: of

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: FM

text: in

text: military

text: organization

text: is

text: the

text: exercise

text: of

text: authority

text: and

text: direction

text: by

text: properly

text: designated

text: commanding

text: officer

text: over

text: assigned

text: and

text: attached

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: accomplishment

text: of

text: the

text: mission

text: The

text: term

text: may

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: systems

text: within

text: military

text: system

text: Heinrich Alfred Hermann Walther von Brauchitsch ( 4 October 1881 -- 18 October 1948 ) was a German field marshal and the Commander - in - Chief of the German Army in the early years of World War II. Born into an aristocratic military family , Brauchitsch joined the 3rd Guards Grenadier Regiment 1901 . He served on the staff of several formations that fought over a dozen major battles of World War I , serving with the XVI Corps , 34th Infantry Division and Guards Reserve Corps as a staff officer before taking part in no fewer than twenty - eight notable clashes on the Western Front , including the Battle of Verdun , the Battle of Armentières , the Battle at the Aisne , and the Battle of the Lys . For his service on the Western Front , he was awarded the Iron Cross and the House Order of Hohenzollern . After Hitler 's rise to power in 1933 , Brauchitsch was put in charge of the East Prussian Military District , and became a popular officer because of his kindness to the civilian Prussian population in times of local fires . Although he personally disliked Nazism , he borrowed immense sums of money from Hitler and eventually became dependent on his financial help . Brauchitsch primarily served as Commander - in - Chief of the German Army before World War II , from 1938 , and during the two first years of war , until 1941 . He played a key role in the Battle of France and oversaw the German military campaigns in Yugoslavia and Greece . For his part in Battle of France , Brauchitsch became one of 12 generals promoted to field marshal on 19 July 1940 . After a first heart attack in November 1941 and the failed Moscow offensive in December 1941 , Hitler dismissed him as Commander - in - Chief of the Army ; he spent the rest of the war in enforced retirement , and never saw Hitler again . After World War II , Brauchitsch was arrested on charges of war crimes , but died of a heart attack in 1948 before he could be prosecuted . Brauchitsch married Elizabeth von Karstedt , an heiress from Brandenburg , in 1910 , with whom he had three children . They were divorced in 1938 and , shortly after , he married Charlotte Rüffer .

text: Heinrich

text: Alfred

text: Hermann

text: Walther

text: von

text: Brauchitsch

text: October

text: October

text: was

text: German

text: field

text: marshal

text: and

text: the

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Army

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: years

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Born

text: into

text: an

text: aristocratic

text: military

text: family

text: Brauchitsch

text: joined

text: the

text: Guards

text: Grenadier

text: Regiment

text: He

text: served

text: on

text: the

text: staff

text: of

text: several

text: formations

text: that

text: fought

text: over

text: dozen

text: major

text: battles

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: serving

text: with

text: the

text: XVI

text: Corps

text: Infantry

text: Division

text: and

text: Guards

text: Reserve

text: Corps

text: as

text: staff

text: officer

text: before

text: taking

text: part

text: in

text: no

text: fewer

text: than

text: twenty

text: eight

text: notable

text: clashes

text: on

text: the

text: Western

text: Front

text: including

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Verdun

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Armentières

text: the

text: Battle

text: at

text: the

text: Aisne

text: and

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Lys

text: For

text: his

text: service

text: on

text: the

text: Western

text: Front

text: he

text: was

text: awarded

text: the

text: Iron

text: Cross

text: and

text: the

text: House

text: Order

text: of

text: Hohenzollern

text: After

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: rise

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: Brauchitsch

text: was

text: put

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: Prussian

text: Military

text: District

text: and

text: became

text: popular

text: officer

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: kindness

text: to

text: the

text: civilian

text: Prussian

text: population

text: in

text: times

text: of

text: local

text: fires

text: Although

text: he

text: personally

text: disliked

text: Nazism

text: he

text: borrowed

text: immense

text: sums

text: of

text: money

text: from

text: Hitler

text: and

text: eventually

text: became

text: dependent

text: on

text: his

text: financial

text: help

text: Brauchitsch

text: primarily

text: served

text: as

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Army

text: before

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: from

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: two

text: first

text: years

text: of

text: war

text: until

text: He

text: played

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: oversaw

text: the

text: German

text: military

text: campaigns

text: in

text: Yugoslavia

text: and

text: Greece

text: For

text: his

text: part

text: in

text: Battle

text: of

text: France

text: Brauchitsch

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: generals

text: promoted

text: to

text: field

text: marshal

text: on

text: July

text: After

text: first

text: heart

text: attack

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: the

text: failed

text: Moscow

text: offensive

text: in

text: December

text: Hitler

text: dismissed

text: him

text: as

text: Commander

text: in

text: Chief

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: he

text: spent

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: enforced

text: retirement

text: and

text: never

text: saw

text: Hitler

text: again

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Brauchitsch

text: was

text: arrested

text: on

text: charges

text: of

text: war

text: crimes

text: but

text: died

text: of

text: heart

text: attack

text: in

text: before

text: he

text: could

text: be

text: prosecuted

text: Brauchitsch

text: married

text: Elizabeth

text: von

text: Karstedt

text: an

text: heiress

text: from

text: Brandenburg

text: in

text: with

text: whom

text: he

text: had

text: three

text: children

text: They

text: were

text: divorced

text: in

text: and

text: shortly

text: after

text: he

text: married

text: Charlotte

text: Rüffer

text: Head of government is a generic term used for either the highest or second highest official in the executive branch of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, (commonly referred to as countries, nations or nation-states) who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments. The term "head of government" is often differentiated from the term "head of state", (e.g. as in article 7 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, article 1 of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Internationally Protected Persons, including Diplomatic Agents and the United Nations protocol list), as they may be separate positions, individuals, and/or roles depending on the country.

text: Head

text: of

text: government

text: is

text: generic

text: term

text: used

text: for

text: either

text: the

text: highest

text: or

text: second

text: highest

text: official

text: in

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: of

text: sovereign

text: state

text: federated

text: state

text: or

text: self

text: governing

text: colony

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: countries

text: nations

text: or

text: nation

text: states

text: who

text: often

text: presides

text: over

text: cabinet

text: group

text: of

text: ministers

text: or

text: secretaries

text: who

text: lead

text: executive

text: departments

text: The

text: term

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: is

text: often

text: differentiated

text: from

text: the

text: term

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: e.g.

text: as

text: in

text: article

text: of

text: the

text: Vienna

text: Convention

text: on

text: the

text: Law

text: of

text: Treaties

text: article

text: of

text: the

text: Convention

text: on

text: the

text: Prevention

text: and

text: Punishment

text: of

text: Crimes

text: against

text: Internationally

text: Protected

text: Persons

text: including

text: Diplomatic

text: Agents

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: protocol

text: list

text: as

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: separate

text: positions

text: individuals

text: and/or

text: roles

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: Genocide is intentional action to destroy a people (usually defined as an ethnic, national, racial, or religious group) in whole or in part. The hybrid word "genocide" is a combination of the Greek word "génos" ("race, people") and the Latin suffix "-cide" ("act of killing"). The United Nations Genocide Convention defines genocide as "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group".

text: Genocide

text: is

text: intentional

text: action

text: to

text: destroy

text: people

text: usually

text: defined

text: as

text: an

text: ethnic

text: national

text: racial

text: or

text: religious

text: group

text: in

text: whole

text: or

text: in

text: part

text: The

text: hybrid

text: word

text: genocide

text: is

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: word

text: génos

text: race

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: Latin

text: suffix

text: -cide

text: act

text: of

text: killing

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: Genocide

text: Convention

text: defines

text: genocide

text: as

text: acts

text: committed

text: with

text: intent

text: to

text: destroy

text: in

text: whole

text: or

text: in

text: part

text: national

text: ethnic

text: racial

text: or

text: religious

text: group

question: occupation walther von brauchitsch

answer: soldier

text: soldier