text: The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the world's second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue, after Comcast. Disney was founded on October 16, 1923, by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, and established itself as a leader in the American animation industry before diversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks. The company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio, then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its existing operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing, and online media.

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Disney

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: diversified

text: multinational

text: mass

text: media

text: and

text: entertainment

text: conglomerate

text: headquartered

text: at

text: the

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Studios

text: in

text: Burbank

text: California

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: media

text: conglomerate

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: revenue

text: after

text: Comcast

text: Disney

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: October

text: by

text: brothers

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: and

text: Roy

text: Disney

text: as

text: the

text: Disney

text: Brothers

text: Cartoon

text: Studio

text: and

text: established

text: itself

text: as

text: leader

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: animation

text: industry

text: before

text: diversifying

text: into

text: live

text: action

text: film

text: production

text: television

text: and

text: theme

text: parks

text: The

text: company

text: also

text: operated

text: under

text: the

text: names

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Studio

text: then

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Productions

text: Taking

text: on

text: its

text: current

text: name

text: in

text: it

text: expanded

text: its

text: existing

text: operations

text: and

text: also

text: started

text: divisions

text: focused

text: upon

text: theater

text: radio

text: music

text: publishing

text: and

text: online

text: media

text: Susan Kelly Barnes is an alumna of Apple Inc. She was Controller of the Macintosh Division at Apple Computer . When Steve Jobs left Apple Computer in 1985 , she joined Jobs and other Apple managers to cofound NeXT Computer , Inc. She served as Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of NeXT Computer from 1985 to 1991 . As NeXT 's Chief Financial Officer , Ms. Barnes helped raise significant funding that helped NeXT weather its slow start . The most notable transaction was a $ 100 million investment by Canon Inc. in 1989 for a 16.7 percent stake in NeXT . That gave NeXT an implied valuation of $ 600 million , astonishingly high for a company that was not yet shipping any products . After leaving NeXT Computer , Susan Barnes was Chief Financial Officer of Intuitive Surgical from 1997 to 2005 .

text: Susan

text: Kelly

text: Barnes

text: is

text: an

text: alumna

text: of

text: Apple

text: Inc.

text: She

text: was

text: Controller

text: of

text: the

text: Macintosh

text: Division

text: at

text: Apple

text: Computer

text: When

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: left

text: Apple

text: Computer

text: in

text: she

text: joined

text: Jobs

text: and

text: other

text: Apple

text: managers

text: to

text: cofound

text: NeXT

text: Computer

text: Inc.

text: She

text: served

text: as

text: Vice

text: President

text: and

text: Chief

text: Financial

text: Officer

text: of

text: NeXT

text: Computer

text: from

text: to

text: As

text: NeXT

text: 's

text: Chief

text: Financial

text: Officer

text: Ms.

text: Barnes

text: helped

text: raise

text: significant

text: funding

text: that

text: helped

text: NeXT

text: weather

text: its

text: slow

text: start

text: The

text: most

text: notable

text: transaction

text: was

text: million

text: investment

text: by

text: Canon

text: Inc.

text: in

text: for

text: percent

text: stake

text: in

text: NeXT

text: That

text: gave

text: NeXT

text: an

text: implied

text: valuation

text: of

text: million

text: astonishingly

text: high

text: for

text: company

text: that

text: was

text: not

text: yet

text: shipping

text: any

text: products

text: After

text: leaving

text: NeXT

text: Computer

text: Susan

text: Barnes

text: was

text: Chief

text: Financial

text: Officer

text: of

text: Intuitive

text: Surgical

text: from

text: to

text: Computer software, or simply software, is that part of a computer system that consists of encoded information or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built.

text: Computer

text: software

text: or

text: simply

text: software

text: is

text: that

text: part

text: of

text: computer

text: system

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: encoded

text: information

text: or

text: computer

text: instructions

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: physical

text: hardware

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: system

text: is

text: built

text: Higher education, post-secondary education, or third level education is an optional final stage of formal learning that occurs after completion of secondary education. Often delivered at universities, academies, colleges, seminaries, and institutes of technology, higher education is also available through certain college-level institutions, including vocational schools, trade schools, and other career colleges that award academic degrees or professional certifications. Tertiary education at non-degree level is sometimes referred to as further education or continuing education as distinct from higher education.

text: Higher

text: education

text: post

text: secondary

text: education

text: or

text: third

text: level

text: education

text: is

text: an

text: optional

text: final

text: stage

text: of

text: formal

text: learning

text: that

text: occurs

text: after

text: completion

text: of

text: secondary

text: education

text: Often

text: delivered

text: at

text: universities

text: academies

text: colleges

text: seminaries

text: and

text: institutes

text: of

text: technology

text: higher

text: education

text: is

text: also

text: available

text: through

text: certain

text: college

text: level

text: institutions

text: including

text: vocational

text: schools

text: trade

text: schools

text: and

text: other

text: career

text: colleges

text: that

text: award

text: academic

text: degrees

text: or

text: professional

text: certifications

text: Tertiary

text: education

text: at

text: non

text: degree

text: level

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: further

text: education

text: or

text: continuing

text: education

text: as

text: distinct

text: from

text: higher

text: education

text: Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (February 24, 1955  October 5, 2011) was an American businessman, inventor, and industrial designer. He was the co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer (CEO) of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT. Jobs is widely recognized as a pioneer of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, along with Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak.

text: Steven

text: Paul

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: February

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: businessman

text: inventor

text: and

text: industrial

text: designer

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: co

text: founder

text: chairman

text: and

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: CEO

text: of

text: Apple

text: Inc.

text: CEO

text: and

text: majority

text: shareholder

text: of

text: Pixar

text: member

text: of

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: 's

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: following

text: its

text: acquisition

text: of

text: Pixar

text: and

text: founder

text: chairman

text: and

text: CEO

text: of

text: NeXT

text: Jobs

text: is

text: widely

text: recognized

text: as

text: pioneer

text: of

text: the

text: microcomputer

text: revolution

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: along

text: with

text: Apple

text: co

text: founder

text: Steve

text: Wozniak

text: The NeXT Computer (also called the NeXT Computer System) is a workstation computer developed, marketed, and sold by NeXT Inc. It runs the Mach- and BSD-derived, Unix-based NeXTSTEP operating system, with a proprietary GUI using a Display PostScript-based back end. The motherboard is square and fits into one of four identical slots in the enclosure. The NeXT Computer enclosure consists of a 1-foot (305 mm) die-cast magnesium cube-shaped, black case, which led to the machine being informally referred to as "The Cube". It was launched in 1988 at .

text: The

text: NeXT

text: Computer

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: NeXT

text: Computer

text: System

text: is

text: workstation

text: computer

text: developed

text: marketed

text: and

text: sold

text: by

text: NeXT

text: Inc.

text: It

text: runs

text: the

text: Mach-

text: and

text: BSD

text: derived

text: Unix

text: based

text: NeXTSTEP

text: operating

text: system

text: with

text: proprietary

text: GUI

text: using

text: Display

text: PostScript

text: based

text: back

text: end

text: The

text: motherboard

text: is

text: square

text: and

text: fits

text: into

text: one

text: of

text: four

text: identical

text: slots

text: in

text: the

text: enclosure

text: The

text: NeXT

text: Computer

text: enclosure

text: consists

text: of

text: mm

text: die

text: cast

text: magnesium

text: cube

text: shaped

text: black

text: case

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: machine

text: being

text: informally

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Cube

text: It

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: at

text: Redwood City is a city on the San Francisco Peninsula in Northern California's Bay Area, approximately south of San Francisco, and north of San Jose. Redwood City's history spans its earliest inhabitation by the Ohlone people to being a port for lumber and other goods. The county seat of San Mateo County, it is the home of several technology companies such as Box, Oracle, Evernote, Wealthfront, and Electronic Arts. At the 2010 census, the city had a population of 76,815. The Port of Redwood City is the only deepwater port on San Francisco Bay south of San Francisco. Redwood City is the location of the San Mateo County Jail, for both women and men. The Malibu Grand Prix long time landmark was recently demolished along with the city's only Mini Golf, Go-Kart, Video Game Arcade, and Batting Cages. Malibu Grand Prix's previous location is currently the construction site of a new additional Jail and Inmate housing facility. The city has a motto "Climate Best By Government Test" which is a reference to it being one of the top German scouted scientific climates and the city was one of the locations mapped by them during their testing and data collection. The Hetch Hetchy water pipeline runs through Redwood City and supplies a vast majority of the surrounding area with low grain (+/ 3 grains) rated water.

text: Redwood

text: City

text: is

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: Northern

text: California

text: 's

text: Bay

text: Area

text: approximately

text: south

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: San

text: Jose

text: Redwood

text: City

text: 's

text: history

text: spans

text: its

text: earliest

text: inhabitation

text: by

text: the

text: Ohlone

text: people

text: to

text: being

text: port

text: for

text: lumber

text: and

text: other

text: goods

text: The

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: San

text: Mateo

text: County

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: several

text: technology

text: companies

text: such

text: as

text: Box

text: Oracle

text: Evernote

text: Wealthfront

text: and

text: Electronic

text: Arts

text: At

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: city

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: Port

text: of

text: Redwood

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: deepwater

text: port

text: on

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: south

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Redwood

text: City

text: is

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Mateo

text: County

text: Jail

text: for

text: both

text: women

text: and

text: men

text: The

text: Malibu

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: long

text: time

text: landmark

text: was

text: recently

text: demolished

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: only

text: Mini

text: Golf

text: Go

text: Kart

text: Video

text: Game

text: Arcade

text: and

text: Batting

text: Cages

text: Malibu

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: 's

text: previous

text: location

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: construction

text: site

text: of

text: new

text: additional

text: Jail

text: and

text: Inmate

text: housing

text: facility

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: motto

text: Climate

text: Best

text: By

text: Government

text: Test

text: which

text: is

text: reference

text: to

text: it

text: being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: top

text: German

text: scouted

text: scientific

text: climates

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: locations

text: mapped

text: by

text: them

text: during

text: their

text: testing

text: and

text: data

text: collection

text: The

text: Hetch

text: Hetchy

text: water

text: pipeline

text: runs

text: through

text: Redwood

text: City

text: and

text: supplies

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: area

text: with

text: low

text: grain

text: grains

text: rated

text: water

text: A chief executive officer (CEO) describes the position of the most senior corporate officer, executive, leader or administrator in charge of managing an organization. CEOs lead a range of organizations, including public and private corporations, non-profit organizations and even some government organizations (e.g., Crown corporations). The CEO of a corporation or company typically reports to the board of directors and is charged with maximizing the value of the entity, which may include maximizing the share price, market share, revenues, or another element. In the non-profit and government sector, CEOs typically aim at achieving outcomes related to the organization's mission, such as reducing poverty, increasing literacy, etc. Titles also often given to the holder of CEO position include president, chief executive (CE) and managing director (MD).

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: CEO

text: describes

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: corporate

text: officer

text: executive

text: leader

text: or

text: administrator

text: in

text: charge

text: of

text: managing

text: an

text: organization

text: CEOs

text: lead

text: range

text: of

text: organizations

text: including

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: corporations

text: non

text: profit

text: organizations

text: and

text: even

text: some

text: government

text: organizations

text: e.g.

text: Crown

text: corporations

text: The

text: CEO

text: of

text: corporation

text: or

text: company

text: typically

text: reports

text: to

text: the

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: and

text: is

text: charged

text: with

text: maximizing

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: the

text: entity

text: which

text: may

text: include

text: maximizing

text: the

text: share

text: price

text: market

text: share

text: revenues

text: or

text: another

text: element

text: In

text: the

text: non

text: profit

text: and

text: government

text: sector

text: CEOs

text: typically

text: aim

text: at

text: achieving

text: outcomes

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: organization

text: 's

text: mission

text: such

text: as

text: reducing

text: poverty

text: increasing

text: literacy

text: etc

text: Titles

text: also

text: often

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: holder

text: of

text: CEO

text: position

text: include

text: president

text: chief

text: executive

text: CE

text: and

text: managing

text: director

text: MD

text: An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. All computer programs, excluding firmware, require an operating system to function.

text: An

text: operating

text: system

text: OS

text: is

text: system

text: software

text: that

text: manages

text: computer

text: hardware

text: and

text: software

text: resources

text: and

text: provides

text: common

text: services

text: for

text: computer

text: programs

text: All

text: computer

text: programs

text: excluding

text: firmware

text: require

text: an

text: operating

text: system

text: to

text: function

text:
The chief financial officer (CFO) or chief financial and operating officer (CFOO) is a corporate officer primarily responsible for managing the financial risks of the corporation. This officer is also responsible for financial planning and record-keeping, as well as financial reporting to higher management. In some sectors the CFO is also responsible for analysis of data. The title is equivalent to finance director (FD), a common title in the United Kingdom. The CFO typically reports to the chief executive officer and to the board of directors, and may additionally sit on the board.
The CFO supervises the finance unit and is the chief financial spokesperson for the organization. The CFO reports directly to the president/chief executive officer (CEO) and directly assists the chief operating officer (COO) on all strategic and tactical matters as they relate to budget management, costbenefit analysis, forecasting needs and the securing of new funding.

text: The

text: chief

text: financial

text: officer

text: CFO

text: or

text: chief

text: financial

text: and

text: operating

text: officer

text: CFOO

text: is

text: corporate

text: officer

text: primarily

text: responsible

text: for

text: managing

text: the

text: financial

text: risks

text: of

text: the

text: corporation

text: This

text: officer

text: is

text: also

text: responsible

text: for

text: financial

text: planning

text: and

text: record

text: keeping

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: financial

text: reporting

text: to

text: higher

text: management

text: In

text: some

text: sectors

text: the

text: CFO

text: is

text: also

text: responsible

text: for

text: analysis

text: of

text: data

text: The

text: title

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: finance

text: director

text: FD

text: common

text: title

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: CFO

text: typically

text: reports

text: to

text: the

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: board

text: of

text: directors

text: and

text: may

text: additionally

text: sit

text: on

text: the

text: board

text: The

text: CFO

text: supervises

text: the

text: finance

text: unit

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: financial

text: spokesperson

text: for

text: the

text: organization

text: The

text: CFO

text: reports

text: directly

text: to

text: the

text: president

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: CEO

text: and

text: directly

text: assists

text: the

text: chief

text: operating

text: officer

text: COO

text: on

text: all

text: strategic

text: and

text: tactical

text: matters

text: as

text: they

text: relate

text: to

text: budget

text: management

text: costbenefit

text: analysis

text: forecasting

text: needs

text: and

text: the

text: securing

text: of

text: new

text: funding

text: A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow a sequence of operations, called a "program", make computers very flexible and useful. Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety of industrial and consumer devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design, but also in general purpose devices like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions of other computers.

text: computer

text: is

text: device

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: instructed

text: to

text: carry

text: out

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: set

text: of

text: arithmetic

text: or

text: logical

text: operations

text: automatically

text: The

text: ability

text: of

text: computers

text: to

text: follow

text: sequence

text: of

text: operations

text: called

text: program

text: make

text: computers

text: very

text: flexible

text: and

text: useful

text: Such

text: computers

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: control

text: systems

text: for

text: very

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: consumer

text: devices

text: This

text: includes

text: simple

text: special

text: purpose

text: devices

text: like

text: microwave

text: ovens

text: and

text: remote

text: controls

text: factory

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: industrial

text: robots

text: and

text: computer

text: assisted

text: design

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: general

text: purpose

text: devices

text: like

text: personal

text: computers

text: and

text: mobile

text: devices

text: such

text: as

text: smartphones

text: The

text: Internet

text: is

text: run

text: on

text: computers

text: and

text: it

text: connects

text: millions

text: of

text: other

text: computers

text: Apple Computer 1, also known later as the Apple I, or Apple-1, is a desktop computer released by the Apple Computer Company (now Apple Inc.) in 1976. It was designed and hand-built by Steve Wozniak. Wozniak's friend Steve Jobs had the idea of selling the computer. The Apple I was Apple's first product, and to finance its creation, Jobs sold his only motorized means of transportation, a VW Microbus, for a few hundred dollars, and Wozniak sold his HP-65 calculator for $500; however, Wozniak said that Jobs planned to use his bicycle if necessary. It was demonstrated in July 1976 at the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto, California.

text: Apple

text: Computer

text: also

text: known

text: later

text: as

text: the

text: Apple

text: or

text: is

text: desktop

text: computer

text: released

text: by

text: the

text: Apple

text: Computer

text: Company

text: now

text: Apple

text: Inc.

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: designed

text: and

text: hand

text: built

text: by

text: Steve

text: Wozniak

text: Wozniak

text: 's

text: friend

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: had

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: selling

text: the

text: computer

text: The

text: Apple

text: was

text: Apple

text: 's

text: first

text: product

text: and

text: to

text: finance

text: its

text: creation

text: Jobs

text: sold

text: his

text: only

text: motorized

text: means

text: of

text: transportation

text: VW

text: Microbus

text: for

text: few

text: hundred

text: dollars

text: and

text: Wozniak

text: sold

text: his

text: calculator

text: for

text: however

text: Wozniak

text: said

text: that

text: Jobs

text: planned

text: to

text: use

text: his

text: bicycle

text: if

text: necessary

text: It

text: was

text: demonstrated

text: in

text: July

text: at

text: the

text: Homebrew

text: Computer

text: Club

text: in

text: Palo

text: Alto

text: California

text: In general usage, a financial plan is a comprehensive evaluation of an individual's current pay and future financial state by using current known variables to predict future income, asset values and withdrawal plans. This often includes a budget which organizes an individual's finances and sometimes includes a series of steps or specific goals for spending and saving in the future. This plan allocates future income to various types of expenses, such as rent or utilities, and also reserves some income for short-term and long-term savings. A financial plan is sometimes referred to as an investment plan, but in personal finance a financial plan can focus on other specific areas such as risk management, estates, college, or retirement.

text: In

text: general

text: usage

text: financial

text: plan

text: is

text: comprehensive

text: evaluation

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: current

text: pay

text: and

text: future

text: financial

text: state

text: by

text: using

text: current

text: known

text: variables

text: to

text: predict

text: future

text: income

text: asset

text: values

text: and

text: withdrawal

text: plans

text: This

text: often

text: includes

text: budget

text: which

text: organizes

text: an

text: individual

text: 's

text: finances

text: and

text: sometimes

text: includes

text: series

text: of

text: steps

text: or

text: specific

text: goals

text: for

text: spending

text: and

text: saving

text: in

text: the

text: future

text: This

text: plan

text: allocates

text: future

text: income

text: to

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: expenses

text: such

text: as

text: rent

text: or

text: utilities

text: and

text: also

text: reserves

text: some

text: income

text: for

text: short

text: term

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: savings

text: financial

text: plan

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: an

text: investment

text: plan

text: but

text: in

text: personal

text: finance

text: financial

text: plan

text: can

text: focus

text: on

text: other

text: specific

text: areas

text: such

text: as

text: risk

text: management

text: estates

text: college

text: or

text: retirement

text: A Chief Operating Officer (COO), also called the chief operations officer, is a position that can be one of the highest-ranking executive positions in an organization, comprising part of the "C-Suite". The COO is responsible for the daily operation of the company, and routinely reports to the highest ranking executive, usually the chief executive officer (CEO). The COO is usually the second in command at the firm, especially if the highest ranking executive is the Chairman and CEO.

text: Chief

text: Operating

text: Officer

text: COO

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: chief

text: operations

text: officer

text: is

text: position

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: ranking

text: executive

text: positions

text: in

text: an

text: organization

text: comprising

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Suite

text: The

text: COO

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: daily

text: operation

text: of

text: the

text: company

text: and

text: routinely

text: reports

text: to

text: the

text: highest

text: ranking

text: executive

text: usually

text: the

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: CEO

text: The

text: COO

text: is

text: usually

text: the

text: second

text: in

text: command

text: at

text: the

text: firm

text: especially

text: if

text: the

text: highest

text: ranking

text: executive

text: is

text: the

text: Chairman

text: and

text: CEO

text: Stephen (or Stephan) Gary "Steve" Wozniak (born August 11, 1950), nicknamed "Woz", is an American inventor, electronics engineer, programmer, and technology entrepreneur who co-founded Apple Inc. He is known as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s, along with Apple co-founder Steve Jobs.

text: Stephen

text: or

text: Stephan

text: Gary

text: Steve

text: Wozniak

text: born

text: August

text: nicknamed

text: Woz

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: inventor

text: electronics

text: engineer

text: programmer

text: and

text: technology

text: entrepreneur

text: who

text: co

text: founded

text: Apple

text: Inc.

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: pioneer

text: of

text: the

text: personal

text: computer

text: revolution

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: along

text: with

text: Apple

text: co

text: founder

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: NeXTSTEP is a discontinued object-oriented, multitasking operating system based on UNIX. It was developed by NeXT Computer in the late 1980s and early 1990s and was initially used for its range of proprietary workstation computers such as the NeXTcube and later ported to several other computer architectures. Although relatively unsuccessful at the time, it attracted interest from computer scientists and researchers. It was used as the original platform for the development of the Electronic AppWrapper, the first commercial electronic software distribution catalog to collectively manage encryption and provide digital rights for application software and digital media, a forerunner of the modern 'App Store' concept. It was also the platform on which Tim Berners-Lee created the first web browser. After the purchase of NeXT by Apple, it became the source of the popular operating systems macOS, iOS, watchOS and tvOS. Many bundled macOS applications, such as TextEdit, Mail and Chess, are descendants of NeXTSTEP applications.

text: NeXTSTEP

text: is

text: discontinued

text: object

text: oriented

text: multitasking

text: operating

text: system

text: based

text: on

text: UNIX

text: It

text: was

text: developed

text: by

text: NeXT

text: Computer

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: and

text: was

text: initially

text: used

text: for

text: its

text: range

text: of

text: proprietary

text: workstation

text: computers

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: NeXTcube

text: and

text: later

text: ported

text: to

text: several

text: other

text: computer

text: architectures

text: Although

text: relatively

text: unsuccessful

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: attracted

text: interest

text: from

text: computer

text: scientists

text: and

text: researchers

text: It

text: was

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: original

text: platform

text: for

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: Electronic

text: AppWrapper

text: the

text: first

text: commercial

text: electronic

text: software

text: distribution

text: catalog

text: to

text: collectively

text: manage

text: encryption

text: and

text: provide

text: digital

text: rights

text: for

text: application

text: software

text: and

text: digital

text: media

text: forerunner

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: App

text: Store

text: concept

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: platform

text: on

text: which

text: Tim

text: Berners

text: Lee

text: created

text: the

text: first

text: web

text: browser

text: After

text: the

text: purchase

text: of

text: NeXT

text: by

text: Apple

text: it

text: became

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: popular

text: operating

text: systems

text: macOS

text: iOS

text: watchOS

text: and

text: tvOS

text: Many

text: bundled

text: macOS

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: TextEdit

text: Mail

text: and

text: Chess

text: are

text: descendants

text: of

text: NeXTSTEP

text: applications

text: Pixar, also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios, is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group, part of the Lucasfilm computer division, before its spin-out as a corporation in 1986, with funding by Apple Inc. co-founder Steve Jobs, who became the majority shareholder. Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion, a transaction that resulted in Jobs becoming Disney's largest single shareholder at the time. Pixar is best known for CGI-animated feature films created with RenderMan, Pixar's own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface, used to generate high-quality images.

text: Pixar

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Pixar

text: Animation

text: Studios

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: computer

text: animation

text: film

text: studio

text: based

text: in

text: Emeryville

text: California

text: that

text: is

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: Pixar

text: began

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: Graphics

text: Group

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Lucasfilm

text: computer

text: division

text: before

text: its

text: spin

text: out

text: as

text: corporation

text: in

text: with

text: funding

text: by

text: Apple

text: Inc.

text: co

text: founder

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: who

text: became

text: the

text: majority

text: shareholder

text: Disney

text: purchased

text: Pixar

text: in

text: at

text: valuation

text: of

text: billion

text: transaction

text: that

text: resulted

text: in

text: Jobs

text: becoming

text: Disney

text: 's

text: largest

text: single

text: shareholder

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: Pixar

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: CGI

text: animated

text: feature

text: films

text: created

text: with

text: RenderMan

text: Pixar

text: 's

text: own

text: implementation

text: of

text: the

text: industry

text: standard

text: RenderMan

text: image

text: rendering

text: application

text: programming

text: interface

text: used

text: to

text: generate

text: high

text: quality

text: images

text: NeXT (later NeXT Computer and NeXT Software) was an American computer and software company founded in 1985 by Steve Jobs, based in Redwood City, California, that developed and manufactured a series of computer workstations intended for the higher education and business markets. NeXT was founded in 1985 by Apple Computer co-founder Steve Jobs, after he was ousted at Apple, along with several co-workers. NeXT introduced the first NeXT Computer in 1988, and the smaller NeXTstation in 1990. The NeXT computers experienced relatively limited sales, with estimates of about 50,000 units shipped in total. Nevertheless, their innovative object-oriented NeXTSTEP operating system and development environment were highly influential.

text: NeXT

text: later

text: NeXT

text: Computer

text: and

text: NeXT

text: Software

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: computer

text: and

text: software

text: company

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: based

text: in

text: Redwood

text: City

text: California

text: that

text: developed

text: and

text: manufactured

text: series

text: of

text: computer

text: workstations

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: higher

text: education

text: and

text: business

text: markets

text: NeXT

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Apple

text: Computer

text: co

text: founder

text: Steve

text: Jobs

text: after

text: he

text: was

text: ousted

text: at

text: Apple

text: along

text: with

text: several

text: co

text: workers

text: NeXT

text: introduced

text: the

text: first

text: NeXT

text: Computer

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: smaller

text: NeXTstation

text: in

text: The

text: NeXT

text: computers

text: experienced

text: relatively

text: limited

text: sales

text: with

text: estimates

text: of

text: about

text: units

text: shipped

text: in

text: total

text: Nevertheless

text: their

text: innovative

text: object

text: oriented

text: NeXTSTEP

text: operating

text: system

text: and

text: development

text: environment

text: were

text: highly

text: influential

text: The microcomputer revolution (or personal computer revolution or digital revolution) is a phrase used to describe the rapid advances of microprocessor-based computers from esoteric hobby projects to a commonplace fixture of homes in industrial societies during the 1970s and 1980s. Prior to 1977, the only contact most of the population had with computers was through utility bills, bank and payroll services, or computer-generated junk mail. Within a decade, computers became common consumer goods.

text: The

text: microcomputer

text: revolution

text: or

text: personal

text: computer

text: revolution

text: or

text: digital

text: revolution

text: is

text: phrase

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: rapid

text: advances

text: of

text: microprocessor

text: based

text: computers

text: from

text: esoteric

text: hobby

text: projects

text: to

text: commonplace

text: fixture

text: of

text: homes

text: in

text: industrial

text: societies

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: only

text: contact

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: had

text: with

text: computers

text: was

text: through

text: utility

text: bills

text: bank

text: and

text: payroll

text: services

text: or

text: computer

text: generated

text: junk

text: mail

text: Within

text: decade

text: computers

text: became

text: common

text: consumer

text: goods

text: NeXTstation is a high-end workstation computer developed, manufactured and sold by NeXT from 1990 until 1993. It runs the NeXTSTEP operating system. The NeXTstation was released as a more affordable alternative to the NeXTcube at about or about half the price. Several models were produced, including the NeXTstation (25 MHz), NeXTstation Turbo (33 MHz), NeXTstation Color (25 MHz) and NeXTstation Turbo Color (33 MHz). In total, NeXT sold about 50,000 computers (not including sales to government organizations), making the NeXTstation a rarity today.

text: NeXTstation

text: is

text: high

text: end

text: workstation

text: computer

text: developed

text: manufactured

text: and

text: sold

text: by

text: NeXT

text: from

text: until

text: It

text: runs

text: the

text: NeXTSTEP

text: operating

text: system

text: The

text: NeXTstation

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: more

text: affordable

text: alternative

text: to

text: the

text: NeXTcube

text: at

text: about

text: or

text: about

text: half

text: the

text: price

text: Several

text: models

text: were

text: produced

text: including

text: the

text: NeXTstation

text: MHz

text: NeXTstation

text: Turbo

text: MHz

text: NeXTstation

text: Color

text: MHz

text: and

text: NeXTstation

text: Turbo

text: Color

text: MHz

text: In

text: total

text: NeXT

text: sold

text: about

text: computers

text: not

text: including

text: sales

text: to

text: government

text: organizations

text: making

text: the

text: NeXTstation

text: rarity

text: today

text: Industrial design is a process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through techniques of mass production. Its key characteristic is that design is separated from manufacture: the creative act of determining and defining a product's form and features takes place in advance of the physical act of making a product, which consists purely of repeated, often automated, replication. This distinguishes industrial design from craft-based design, where the form of the product is determined by the product's creator at the time of its creation.

text: Industrial

text: design

text: is

text: process

text: of

text: design

text: applied

text: to

text: products

text: that

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: manufactured

text: through

text: techniques

text: of

text: mass

text: production

text: Its

text: key

text: characteristic

text: is

text: that

text: design

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: manufacture

text: the

text: creative

text: act

text: of

text: determining

text: and

text: defining

text: product

text: 's

text: form

text: and

text: features

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: advance

text: of

text: the

text: physical

text: act

text: of

text: making

text: product

text: which

text: consists

text: purely

text: of

text: repeated

text: often

text: automated

text: replication

text: This

text: distinguishes

text: industrial

text: design

text: from

text: craft

text: based

text: design

text: where

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: product

text: is

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: product

text: 's

text: creator

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: creation

text: A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). It includes a microprocessor, memory, and minimal input/output (I/O) circuitry mounted on a single printed circuit board. Microcomputers became popular in the 1970s and 1980s with the advent of increasingly powerful microprocessors. The predecessors to these computers, mainframes and minicomputers, were comparatively much larger and more expensive (though indeed present-day mainframes such as the IBM System z machines use one or more custom microprocessors as their CPUs). Many microcomputers (when equipped with a keyboard and screen for input and output) are also personal computers (in the generic sense).

text: microcomputer

text: is

text: small

text: relatively

text: inexpensive

text: computer

text: with

text: microprocessor

text: as

text: its

text: central

text: processing

text: unit

text: CPU

text: It

text: includes

text: microprocessor

text: memory

text: and

text: minimal

text: input

text: output

text: circuitry

text: mounted

text: on

text: single

text: printed

text: circuit

text: board

text: Microcomputers

text: became

text: popular

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: increasingly

text: powerful

text: microprocessors

text: The

text: predecessors

text: to

text: these

text: computers

text: mainframes

text: and

text: minicomputers

text: were

text: comparatively

text: much

text: larger

text: and

text: more

text: expensive

text: though

text: indeed

text: present

text: day

text: mainframes

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: IBM

text: System

text: machines

text: use

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: custom

text: microprocessors

text: as

text: their

text: CPUs

text: Many

text: microcomputers

text: when

text: equipped

text: with

text: keyboard

text: and

text: screen

text: for

text: input

text: and

text: output

text: are

text: also

text: personal

text: computers

text: in

text: the

text: generic

text: sense

text: Apple is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, a suburb of San Jose, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services. Its hardware products include the iPhone smartphone, the iPad tablet computer, the Mac personal computer, the iPod portable media player, the Apple Watch smartwatch, and the Apple TV digital media player. Apple's consumer software includes the macOS and iOS operating systems, the iTunes media player, the Safari web browser, and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites. Its online services include the iTunes Store, the iOS App Store and Mac App Store, Apple Music, and iCloud.

text: Apple

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: multinational

text: technology

text: company

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Cupertino

text: California

text: suburb

text: of

text: San

text: Jose

text: that

text: designs

text: develops

text: and

text: sells

text: consumer

text: electronics

text: computer

text: software

text: and

text: online

text: services

text: Its

text: hardware

text: products

text: include

text: the

text: iPhone

text: smartphone

text: the

text: iPad

text: tablet

text: computer

text: the

text: Mac

text: personal

text: computer

text: the

text: iPod

text: portable

text: media

text: player

text: the

text: Apple

text: Watch

text: smartwatch

text: and

text: the

text: Apple

text: TV

text: digital

text: media

text: player

text: Apple

text: 's

text: consumer

text: software

text: includes

text: the

text: macOS

text: and

text: iOS

text: operating

text: systems

text: the

text: iTunes

text: media

text: player

text: the

text: Safari

text: web

text: browser

text: and

text: the

text: iLife

text: and

text: iWork

text: creativity

text: and

text: productivity

text: suites

text: Its

text: online

text: services

text: include

text: the

text: iTunes

text: Store

text: the

text: iOS

text: App

text: Store

text: and

text: Mac

text: App

text: Store

text: Apple

text: Music

text: and

text: iCloud

question: occupation susan barnes

answer: engineer

text: engineer


text: Barry Vercoe is a New Zealand - born computer scientist and composer . He completed his undergraduate degree in New Zealand in Music and Mathematics and went on to complete a Ph.D. at the University of Michigan , USA , in Music Composition . In 1968 , Vercoe 's research in Digital Audio Processing paved the way for the subsequent evolution of digital musical composition . In 1971 , he joined the faculty at MIT and established the Experimental Music facility in 1973 . Vercoe was a founding member of the MIT Media Lab in 1984 . He continues to this day at the laboratory as a professor of Music and Media Arts and as an Associate Head of the Academic program in Media , Arts and Sciences . Notable students include Susan Frykberg and Miller Puckette . He is best known as the inventor of Csound , a music synthesis language with wide usage among computer music composers . SAOL , the underlying language for the MPEG - 4 Structured Audio standard , is also historically derived from Csound . He is also an accomplished jazz musician .

text: Barry

text: Vercoe

text: is

text: New

text: Zealand

text: born

text: computer

text: scientist

text: and

text: composer

text: He

text: completed

text: his

text: undergraduate

text: degree

text: in

text: New

text: Zealand

text: in

text: Music

text: and

text: Mathematics

text: and

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: complete

text: Ph.D.

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: USA

text: in

text: Music

text: Composition

text: In

text: Vercoe

text: 's

text: research

text: in

text: Digital

text: Audio

text: Processing

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: subsequent

text: evolution

text: of

text: digital

text: musical

text: composition

text: In

text: he

text: joined

text: the

text: faculty

text: at

text: MIT

text: and

text: established

text: the

text: Experimental

text: Music

text: facility

text: in

text: Vercoe

text: was

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: MIT

text: Media

text: Lab

text: in

text: He

text: continues

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: at

text: the

text: laboratory

text: as

text: professor

text: of

text: Music

text: and

text: Media

text: Arts

text: and

text: as

text: an

text: Associate

text: Head

text: of

text: the

text: Academic

text: program

text: in

text: Media

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: Notable

text: students

text: include

text: Susan

text: Frykberg

text: and

text: Miller

text: Puckette

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: inventor

text: of

text: Csound

text: music

text: synthesis

text: language

text: with

text: wide

text: usage

text: among

text: computer

text: music

text: composers

text: SAOL

text: the

text: underlying

text: language

text: for

text: the

text: MPEG

text: Structured

text: Audio

text: standard

text: is

text: also

text: historically

text: derived

text: from

text: Csound

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: accomplished

text: jazz

text: musician

text: Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence, which exist in time. The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the "color" of a musical sound). Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements. Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments. The word derives from Greek  ("mousike"; "art of the Muses"). In its most general form, the activities describing music as an art form include the production of works of music (songs, tunes, symphonies, and so on), the criticism of music, the study of the history of music, and the aesthetic examination of music. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies. Common sayings such as "the harmony of the spheres" and "it is music to my ears" point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to. However, 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music, saying, for example, "There is no noise, only sound."

text: Music

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: and

text: cultural

text: activity

text: whose

text: medium

text: is

text: sound

text: and

text: silence

text: which

text: exist

text: in

text: time

text: The

text: common

text: elements

text: of

text: music

text: are

text: pitch

text: which

text: governs

text: melody

text: and

text: harmony

text: rhythm

text: and

text: its

text: associated

text: concepts

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: articulation

text: dynamics

text: loudness

text: and

text: softness

text: and

text: the

text: sonic

text: qualities

text: of

text: timbre

text: and

text: texture

text: which

text: are

text: sometimes

text: termed

text: the

text: color

text: of

text: musical

text: sound

text: Different

text: styles

text: or

text: types

text: of

text: music

text: may

text: emphasize

text: de

text: emphasize

text: or

text: omit

text: some

text: of

text: these

text: elements

text: Music

text: is

text: performed

text: with

text: vast

text: range

text: of

text: instruments

text: and

text: vocal

text: techniques

text: ranging

text: from

text: singing

text: to

text: rapping

text: there

text: are

text: solely

text: instrumental

text: pieces

text: solely

text: vocal

text: pieces

text: such

text: as

text: songs

text: without

text: instrumental

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: pieces

text: that

text: combine

text: singing

text: and

text: instruments

text: The

text: word

text: derives

text: from

text: Greek

text: mousike

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: Muses

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: the

text: activities

text: describing

text: music

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: music

text: songs

text: tunes

text: symphonies

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: music

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: examination

text: of

text: music

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: and

text: Indian

text: philosophers

text: defined

text: music

text: as

text: tones

text: ordered

text: horizontally

text: as

text: melodies

text: and

text: vertically

text: as

text: harmonies

text: Common

text: sayings

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: harmony

text: of

text: the

text: spheres

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: music

text: to

text: my

text: ears

text: point

text: to

text: the

text: notion

text: that

text: music

text: is

text: often

text: ordered

text: and

text: pleasant

text: to

text: listen

text: to

text: However

text: century

text: composer

text: John

text: Cage

text: thought

text: that

text: any

text: sound

text: can

text: be

text: music

text: saying

text: for

text: example

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: noise

text: only

text: sound

text: Detroit is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United StatesCanada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state.

text: Detroit

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Michigan

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Midwest

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: United

text: StatesCanada

text: border

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Wayne

text: County

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: The University of California, San Diego (also referred to as UC San Diego or UCSD) is a public research university located in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California, in the United States. The university occupies near the coast of the Pacific Ocean with the main campus resting on approximately . Established in 1960 near the pre-existing Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego is the seventh oldest of the 10 University of California campuses and offers over 200 undergraduate and graduate degree programs, enrolling about 22,700 undergraduate and 6,300 graduate students.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: San

text: Diego

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: UC

text: San

text: Diego

text: or

text: UCSD

text: is

text: public

text: research

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: La

text: Jolla

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: San

text: Diego

text: California

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: university

text: occupies

text: near

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: main

text: campus

text: resting

text: on

text: approximately

text: Established

text: in

text: near

text: the

text: pre

text: existing

text: Scripps

text: Institution

text: of

text: Oceanography

text: UC

text: San

text: Diego

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: oldest

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: campuses

text: and

text: offers

text: over

text: undergraduate

text: and

text: graduate

text: degree

text: programs

text: enrolling

text: about

text: undergraduate

text: and

text: graduate

text: students

text: Music notation or musical notation is any system used to visually represent aurally perceived music played with instruments or sung by the human voice through the use of written, printed, or otherwise-produced symbols, including ancient symbols or modern musical symbols and including ancient symbols cut into stone, made in clay tablets or made using a pen on papyrus, parchment or manuscript paper; printed using a printing press (ca. 1400s), a computer printer (ca. 1980s) or other printing or modern copying technology. Types and methods of notation have varied between cultures and throughout history, and much information about ancient music notation is fragmentary. Even in the same time period, such as in the 2010s, different styles of music and different cultures use different music notation methods; for example, for professional classical music performers, sheet music using staves and note heads is the most common way of notating music, but for professional country music session musicians, the Nashville Number System is the main method.

text: Music

text: notation

text: or

text: musical

text: notation

text: is

text: any

text: system

text: used

text: to

text: visually

text: represent

text: aurally

text: perceived

text: music

text: played

text: with

text: instruments

text: or

text: sung

text: by

text: the

text: human

text: voice

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: written

text: printed

text: or

text: otherwise

text: produced

text: symbols

text: including

text: ancient

text: symbols

text: or

text: modern

text: musical

text: symbols

text: and

text: including

text: ancient

text: symbols

text: cut

text: into

text: stone

text: made

text: in

text: clay

text: tablets

text: or

text: made

text: using

text: pen

text: on

text: papyrus

text: parchment

text: or

text: manuscript

text: paper

text: printed

text: using

text: printing

text: press

text: ca

text: computer

text: printer

text: ca

text: or

text: other

text: printing

text: or

text: modern

text: copying

text: technology

text: Types

text: and

text: methods

text: of

text: notation

text: have

text: varied

text: between

text: cultures

text: and

text: throughout

text: history

text: and

text: much

text: information

text: about

text: ancient

text: music

text: notation

text: is

text: fragmentary

text: Even

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: period

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: different

text: styles

text: of

text: music

text: and

text: different

text: cultures

text: use

text: different

text: music

text: notation

text: methods

text: for

text: example

text: for

text: professional

text: classical

text: music

text: performers

text: sheet

text: music

text: using

text: staves

text: and

text: note

text: heads

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: way

text: of

text: notating

text: music

text: but

text: for

text: professional

text: country

text: music

text: session

text: musicians

text: the

text: Nashville

text: Number

text: System

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: method

text: The Territory of Michigan was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from June 30, 1805, until January 26, 1837, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Michigan. Detroit was the territorial capital.

text: The

text: Territory

text: of

text: Michigan

text: was

text: an

text: organized

text: incorporated

text: territory

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: June

text: until

text: January

text: when

text: the

text: final

text: extent

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: was

text: admitted

text: to

text: the

text: Union

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Michigan

text: Detroit

text: was

text: the

text: territorial

text: capital

text: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. Researchers worked on computers, radar, and inertial guidance during World War II and the Cold War. Post-war defense research contributed to the rapid expansion of the faculty and campus under James Killian. The current campus opened in 1916 and extends over along the northern bank of the Charles River basin.

text: The

text: Massachusetts

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: MIT

text: is

text: private

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: Massachusetts

text: Founded

text: in

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: the

text: increasing

text: industrialization

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: MIT

text: adopted

text: European

text: polytechnic

text: university

text: model

text: and

text: stressed

text: laboratory

text: instruction

text: in

text: applied

text: science

text: and

text: engineering

text: Researchers

text: worked

text: on

text: computers

text: radar

text: and

text: inertial

text: guidance

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: Post

text: war

text: defense

text: research

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: rapid

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: faculty

text: and

text: campus

text: under

text: James

text: Killian

text: The

text: current

text: campus

text: opened

text: in

text: and

text: extends

text: over

text: along

text: the

text: northern

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Charles

text: River

text: basin

text: The MIT Media Lab is an interdisciplinary research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology devoted to projects at the convergence of technology, multimedia, sciences, art and design. Staff and students have backgrounds ranging from electrical engineering and computer science to sociology and music and others. The Media Lab has been widely popularized since the 1990s by business and technology publications such as "Wired" and "Red Herring" for a series of practical inventions in the fields of wireless networks, field sensing, web browsers and the World Wide Web. , it has diversified its research into neurobiology, biologically inspired fabrication, socially engaging robots, emotive computing, bionics, and hyperinstruments. The One Laptop per Child (OLPC) was one of the notable research efforts which grew out of the Media Lab.

text: The

text: MIT

text: Media

text: Lab

text: is

text: an

text: interdisciplinary

text: research

text: laboratory

text: at

text: the

text: Massachusetts

text: Institute

text: of

text: Technology

text: devoted

text: to

text: projects

text: at

text: the

text: convergence

text: of

text: technology

text: multimedia

text: sciences

text: art

text: and

text: design

text: Staff

text: and

text: students

text: have

text: backgrounds

text: ranging

text: from

text: electrical

text: engineering

text: and

text: computer

text: science

text: to

text: sociology

text: and

text: music

text: and

text: others

text: The

text: Media

text: Lab

text: has

text: been

text: widely

text: popularized

text: since

text: the

text: by

text: business

text: and

text: technology

text: publications

text: such

text: as

text: Wired

text: and

text: Red

text: Herring

text: for

text: series

text: of

text: practical

text: inventions

text: in

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: wireless

text: networks

text: field

text: sensing

text: web

text: browsers

text: and

text: the

text: World

text: Wide

text: Web

text: it

text: has

text: diversified

text: its

text: research

text: into

text: neurobiology

text: biologically

text: inspired

text: fabrication

text: socially

text: engaging

text: robots

text: emotive

text: computing

text: bionics

text: and

text: hyperinstruments

text: The

text: One

text: Laptop

text: per

text: Child

text: OLPC

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: notable

text: research

text: efforts

text: which

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Media

text: Lab

text: The University of Michigan (U-M, UM, UMich, or U of M), frequently referred to simply as "Michigan," is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817 in Detroit as the "Catholepistemiad", or University of Michigania, 20 years before the Michigan Territory became a state, the University of Michigan is the state's oldest university. In 1821, the university was officially renamed the University of Michigan. It moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 onto of what is now known as Central Campus. Since its establishment in Ann Arbor, the university campus has expanded to include more than 584 major buildings with a combined area of more than spread out over a Central Campus and North Campus, two satellite campuses in Flint and Dearborn, and a Center in Detroit. The University was a founding member of the Association of American Universities.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: UM

text: UMich

text: or

text: of

text: frequently

text: referred

text: to

text: simply

text: as

text: Michigan

text: is

text: public

text: research

text: university

text: in

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Michigan

text: United

text: States

text: Founded

text: in

text: in

text: Detroit

text: as

text: the

text: Catholepistemiad

text: or

text: University

text: of

text: Michigania

text: years

text: before

text: the

text: Michigan

text: Territory

text: became

text: state

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: oldest

text: university

text: In

text: the

text: university

text: was

text: officially

text: renamed

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Michigan

text: It

text: moved

text: to

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: in

text: onto

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Central

text: Campus

text: Since

text: its

text: establishment

text: in

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: the

text: university

text: campus

text: has

text: expanded

text: to

text: include

text: more

text: than

text: major

text: buildings

text: with

text: combined

text: area

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: spread

text: out

text: over

text: Central

text: Campus

text: and

text: North

text: Campus

text: two

text: satellite

text: campuses

text: in

text: Flint

text: and

text: Dearborn

text: and

text: Center

text: in

text: Detroit

text: The

text: University

text: was

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Association

text: of

text: American

text: Universities

text: The Association of American Universities (AAU) is an international organization of leading research universities devoted to maintaining a strong system of academic research and education. It consists of 60 universities in the United States (both public and private) and two universities in Canada.

text: The

text: Association

text: of

text: American

text: Universities

text: AAU

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: organization

text: of

text: leading

text: research

text: universities

text: devoted

text: to

text: maintaining

text: strong

text: system

text: of

text: academic

text: research

text: and

text: education

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: both

text: public

text: and

text: private

text: and

text: two

text: universities

text: in

text: Canada

text: The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. Invented in about 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), the piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, and for composing, songwriting and rehearsals. Although the piano is very heavy and thus not portable and is expensive (in comparison with other widely used accompaniment instruments, such as the acoustic guitar), its musical versatility (i.e., its wide pitch range, ability to play chords with up to 10 notes, louder or softer notes and two or more independent musical lines at the same time), the large number of musicians and amateurs trained in playing it, and its wide availability in performance venues, schools and rehearsal spaces have made it one of the Western world's most familiar musical instruments.

text: The

text: piano

text: is

text: an

text: acoustic

text: stringed

text: musical

text: instrument

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: strings

text: are

text: struck

text: by

text: hammers

text: It

text: is

text: played

text: using

text: keyboard

text: which

text: is

text: row

text: of

text: keys

text: small

text: levers

text: that

text: the

text: performer

text: presses

text: down

text: or

text: strikes

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: and

text: thumbs

text: of

text: both

text: hands

text: to

text: cause

text: the

text: hammers

text: to

text: strike

text: the

text: strings

text: Invented

text: in

text: about

text: the

text: exact

text: year

text: is

text: uncertain

text: the

text: piano

text: is

text: widely

text: employed

text: in

text: classical

text: jazz

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: music

text: for

text: solo

text: and

text: ensemble

text: performances

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: for

text: composing

text: songwriting

text: and

text: rehearsals

text: Although

text: the

text: piano

text: is

text: very

text: heavy

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: portable

text: and

text: is

text: expensive

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: other

text: widely

text: used

text: accompaniment

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: its

text: musical

text: versatility

text: i.e.

text: its

text: wide

text: pitch

text: range

text: ability

text: to

text: play

text: chords

text: with

text: up

text: to

text: notes

text: louder

text: or

text: softer

text: notes

text: and

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: independent

text: musical

text: lines

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: musicians

text: and

text: amateurs

text: trained

text: in

text: playing

text: it

text: and

text: its

text: wide

text: availability

text: in

text: performance

text: venues

text: schools

text: and

text: rehearsal

text: spaces

text: have

text: made

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: familiar

text: musical

text: instruments

text: A composer (Latin "compn"; literally "one who puts together") is a person who creates or writes music, which can be vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music (e.g., for solo piano, string quartet, wind quintet or orchestra) or music which combines both instruments and voices (e.g., opera or art song, which is a singer accompanied by a pianist). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written musical notation (e.g., sheet music scores).

text: composer

text: Latin

text: compn

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: puts

text: together

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: creates

text: or

text: writes

text: music

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: vocal

text: music

text: for

text: singer

text: or

text: choir

text: instrumental

text: music

text: e.g.

text: for

text: solo

text: piano

text: string

text: quartet

text: wind

text: quintet

text: or

text: orchestra

text: or

text: music

text: which

text: combines

text: both

text: instruments

text: and

text: voices

text: e.g.

text: opera

text: or

text: art

text: song

text: which

text: is

text: singer

text: accompanied

text: by

text: pianist

text: The

text: core

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: individuals

text: who

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: Western

text: classical

text: music

text: through

text: creation

text: of

text: works

text: expressed

text: in

text: written

text: musical

text: notation

text: e.g.

text: sheet

text: music

text: scores

text:
Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period. The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows:
European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines, chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and "ad libitum" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can sustain larger forms and attain a high level of complexity.

text: Classical

text: music

text: is

text: art

text: music

text: produced

text: or

text: rooted

text: in

text: the

text: traditions

text: of

text: Western

text: music

text: including

text: both

text: liturgical

text: religious

text: and

text: secular

text: music

text: While

text: more

text: accurate

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: this

text: article

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: broad

text: span

text: of

text: time

text: from

text: roughly

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: periods

text: The

text: central

text: norms

text: of

text: this

text: tradition

text: became

text: codified

text: between

text: and

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: common

text: practice

text: period

text: The

text: major

text: time

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text:
Miller Smith Puckette (born 1959) is the associate director of the Center for Research in Computing and the Arts as well as a professor of music at the University of California, San Diego, where he has been since 1994.
Puckette is known for authoring Max, a graphical development environment for music and multimedia synthesis, which he developed while working at IRCAM in the late 1980s. He is also the author of Pure Data (Pd), a real-time performing platform for audio, video and graphical programming language for the creation of interactive computer music and multimedia works, written in the 1990s with input from many others in the computer music and free software communities.

text: Miller

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text: author

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text: Pure

text: Data

text: Pd

text: real

text: time

text: performing

text: platform

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text: video

text: and

text: graphical

text: programming

text: language

text: for

text: the

text: creation

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text: computer

text: music

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text: many

text: others

text: in

text: the

text: computer

text: music

text: and

text: free

text: software

text: communities

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: employer barry vercoe

answer: massachusetts institute of technology

text: massachusetts institute of technology

text: massachusetts institute of technology


text: Against Me! is an American punk rock band formed in Gainesville, Florida, United States, in 1997 by singer and guitarist Laura Jane Grace. Since 2001, the band's lineup has also included guitarist James Bowman. After releasing three studio albums through independent record labels, Against Me! moved to Sire Records for 2007's "New Wave", which reached no. 57 on the "Billboard" 200. In 2011, the band launched their own record label, Total Treble Music, through which to release future albums.

text: Against

text: Me

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: punk

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: Gainesville

text: Florida

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: by

text: singer

text: and

text: guitarist

text: Laura

text: Jane

text: Grace

text: Since

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: lineup

text: has

text: also

text: included

text: guitarist

text: James

text: Bowman

text: After

text: releasing

text: three

text: studio

text: albums

text: through

text: independent

text: record

text: labels

text: Against

text: Me

text: moved

text: to

text: Sire

text: Records

text: for

text: 's

text: New

text: Wave

text: which

text: reached

text: no

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: In

text: the

text: band

text: launched

text: their

text: own

text: record

text: label

text: Total

text: Treble

text: Music

text: through

text: which

text: to

text: release

text: future

text: albums

text: Sire Records is an American record label, owned by Warner Music Group and distributed by Warner Bros. Records.

text: Sire

text: Records

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: owned

text: by

text: Warner

text: Music

text: Group

text: and

text: distributed

text: by

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Records

text: Laura Jane Grace (born Thomas James Gabel, November 8, 1980) is an American musician best known as the founder, lead singer, songwriter and guitarist of the punk rock band Against Me!. Starting as a solo act in 1997, Against Me! expanded into a quartet and released seven studio albums, experiencing breakthrough success with 2007's "New Wave" and 2010's "White Crosses". Grace also released a solo EP, "Heart Burns", in 2008. In 2011, she founded the Total Treble recording studio and an accompanying record label, Total Treble Music.

text: Laura

text: Jane

text: Grace

text: born

text: Thomas

text: James

text: Gabel

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: founder

text: lead

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: guitarist

text: of

text: the

text: punk

text: rock

text: band

text: Against

text: Me!.

text: Starting

text: as

text: solo

text: act

text: in

text: Against

text: Me

text: expanded

text: into

text: quartet

text: and

text: released

text: seven

text: studio

text: albums

text: experiencing

text: breakthrough

text: success

text: with

text: 's

text: New

text: Wave

text: and

text: 's

text: White

text: Crosses

text: Grace

text: also

text: released

text: solo

text: EP

text: Heart

text: Burns

text: in

text: In

text: she

text: founded

text: the

text: Total

text: Treble

text: recording

text: studio

text: and

text: an

text: accompanying

text: record

text: label

text: Total

text: Treble

text: Music

text: `` White People for Peace : is a 7 '' single by punk band Against Me ! released in 2007 , containing two new songs : the title track , and `` Full Sesh '' . In the United States , it was pressed on both black and red vinyl , with a reported 4,500 and 500 copies pressed respectively . There was also a UK pressing of the record that was pressed onto white vinyl , limited to 1,000 . The record is available at live shows , on iTunes , or on the band 's Myspace page through SNOCAP . `` White People For Peace '' also appears on Against Me ! 's 2007 full - length , New Wave . In September 2007 , a 12 `` version of the single was available . It features the album version on the A-side and a remix by Butch Vig on the B - side . This song was # 65 on Rolling Stone '  s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007 .

text: White

text: People

text: for

text: Peace

text: is

text: single

text: by

text: punk

text: band

text: Against

text: Me

text: released

text: in

text: containing

text: two

text: new

text: songs

text: the

text: title

text: track

text: and

text: Full

text: Sesh

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: was

text: pressed

text: on

text: both

text: black

text: and

text: red

text: vinyl

text: with

text: reported

text: and

text: copies

text: pressed

text: respectively

text: There

text: was

text: also

text: UK

text: pressing

text: of

text: the

text: record

text: that

text: was

text: pressed

text: onto

text: white

text: vinyl

text: limited

text: to

text: The

text: record

text: is

text: available

text: at

text: live

text: shows

text: on

text: iTunes

text: or

text: on

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: Myspace

text: page

text: through

text: SNOCAP

text: White

text: People

text: For

text: Peace

text: also

text: appears

text: on

text: Against

text: Me

text: 's

text: full

text: length

text: New

text: Wave

text: In

text: September

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: single

text: was

text: available

text: It

text: features

text: the

text: album

text: version

text: on

text: the

text: side

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text: remix

text: by

text: Butch

text: Vig

text: on

text: the

text: side

text: This

text: song

text: was

text: on

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: Best

text: Songs

text: of

text: Punk rock (or simply "punk") is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid 1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as "proto-punk" music, punk rock bands rejected perceived excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. Punk bands typically use short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic; many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels.

text: Punk

text: rock

text: or

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text: punk

text: is

text: rock

text: music

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text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Australia

text: Rooted

text: in

text: garage

text: rock

text: and

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: proto

text: punk

text: music

text: punk

text: rock

text: bands

text: rejected

text: perceived

text: excesses

text: of

text: mainstream

text: rock

text: Punk

text: bands

text: typically

text: use

text: short

text: or

text: fast

text: paced

text: songs

text: with

text: hard

text: edged

text: melodies

text: and

text: singing

text: styles

text: stripped

text: down

text: instrumentation

text: and

text: often

text: political

text: anti

text: establishment

text: lyrics

text: Punk

text: embraces

text: DIY

text: ethic

text: many

text: bands

text: self

text: produce

text: recordings

text: and

text: distribute

text: them

text: through

text: informal

text: channels

question: record_label white people for peace

answer: sire records

text: sire records

text: sire records