text: Missouri (see pronunciations) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state and host to the mean center of United States population. The largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River. The state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, and now the deep soils yield great agricultural productivity. In the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the eastern border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel.

text: Missouri

text: see

text: pronunciations

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: achieving

text: statehood

text: in

text: With

text: over

text: six

text: million

text: residents

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: and

text: host

text: to

text: the

text: mean

text: center

text: of

text: United

text: States

text: population

text: The

text: largest

text: urban

text: areas

text: are

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Kansas

text: City

text: Springfield

text: and

text: Columbia

text: The

text: capitol

text: is

text: in

text: Jefferson

text: City

text: on

text: the

text: Missouri

text: River

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: the

text: twenty

text: first

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: is

text: geographically

text: diverse

text: The

text: Northern

text: Plains

text: were

text: once

text: covered

text: by

text: glaciers

text: then

text: tallgrass

text: prairie

text: and

text: now

text: the

text: deep

text: soils

text: yield

text: great

text: agricultural

text: productivity

text: In

text: the

text: South

text: are

text: the

text: Ozarks

text: forested

text: highland

text: providing

text: timber

text: minerals

text: and

text: recreation

text: The

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: forms

text: the

text: eastern

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: eventually

text: flowing

text: into

text: the

text: swampy

text: Missouri

text: Bootheel

text: The 1904 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis, Missouri, in the United States from August 29 until September 3, 1904, as part of an extended sports program lasting from July 1 to November 23, 1904, at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis. It was the first time that the Olympic Games were held in a majority English language nation, and the first time that they were held outside of Europe.

text: The

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Games

text: of

text: the

text: III

text: Olympiad

text: was

text: an

text: international

text: multi

text: sport

text: event

text: which

text: was

text: celebrated

text: in

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Missouri

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: August

text: until

text: September

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: extended

text: sports

text: program

text: lasting

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: at

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: known

text: as

text: Francis

text: Field

text: on

text: the

text: campus

text: of

text: Washington

text: University

text: in

text: St.

text: Louis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: that

text: the

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: were

text: held

text: in

text: majority

text: English

text: language

text: nation

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: that

text: they

text: were

text: held

text: outside

text: of

text: Europe

text: Washington University in St. Louis (WashU, or WUSTL) is a private research university located in St. Louis, Missouri, United States. Founded in 1853, and named after George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries. Twenty-five Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Washington University, nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university. Washington University's undergraduate program is ranked 19th by "U.S. News and World Report" and 11th by the Wall Street Journal in 2016. The university is ranked 23rd in the world in 2016 by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.

text: Washington

text: University

text: in

text: St.

text: Louis

text: WashU

text: or

text: WUSTL

text: is

text: private

text: research

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: St.

text: Louis

text: Missouri

text: United

text: States

text: Founded

text: in

text: and

text: named

text: after

text: George

text: Washington

text: the

text: university

text: has

text: students

text: and

text: faculty

text: from

text: all

text: U.S.

text: states

text: and

text: more

text: than

text: countries

text: Twenty

text: five

text: Nobel

text: laureates

text: have

text: been

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Washington

text: University

text: nine

text: having

text: done

text: the

text: major

text: part

text: of

text: their

text: pioneering

text: research

text: at

text: the

text: university

text: Washington

text: University

text: 's

text: undergraduate

text: program

text: is

text: ranked

text: by

text: U.S.

text: News

text: and

text: World

text: Report

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Wall

text: Street

text: Journal

text: in

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: ranked

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Academic

text: Ranking

text: of

text: World

text: Universities

text: Charles Aman ( September 25 , 1887 -- January 9 , 1936 ) was an American rower who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics . In 1904 he was part of the American boat , which won the silver medal in the coxless fours .

text: Charles

text: Aman

text: September

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: rower

text: who

text: competed

text: in

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: boat

text: which

text: won

text: the

text: silver

text: medal

text: in

text: the

text: coxless

text: fours

question: place_of_death charles aman

answer: kansas city

text: kansas city


text: A flotilla (from Spanish, meaning a small "flota" (fleet) of ships, and this from French "flotte"), or naval flotilla, is a formation of small warships that may be part of a larger fleet. A flotilla is usually composed of a homogeneous group of the same class of warship, such as frigates, destroyers, torpedo boats, submarines, gunboats, or minesweepers. Groups of larger warships are usually called squadrons, but similar units of non-capital ships may be called squadrons in some instances, and flotillas in others. Formations including more than one capital ships, e.g. men-of-war, battleships, and aircraft carriers, typically alongside smaller ships and support craft, are typically called fleets, each portion led by a capital ship being a squadron or task force (see reference below).

text: flotilla

text: from

text: Spanish

text: meaning

text: small

text: flota

text: fleet

text: of

text: ships

text: and

text: this

text: from

text: French

text: flotte

text: or

text: naval

text: flotilla

text: is

text: formation

text: of

text: small

text: warships

text: that

text: may

text: be

text: part

text: of

text: larger

text: fleet

text: flotilla

text: is

text: usually

text: composed

text: of

text: homogeneous

text: group

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: class

text: of

text: warship

text: such

text: as

text: frigates

text: destroyers

text: torpedo

text: boats

text: submarines

text: gunboats

text: or

text: minesweepers

text: Groups

text: of

text: larger

text: warships

text: are

text: usually

text: called

text: squadrons

text: but

text: similar

text: units

text: of

text: non

text: capital

text: ships

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: squadrons

text: in

text: some

text: instances

text: and

text: flotillas

text: in

text: others

text: Formations

text: including

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: capital

text: ships

text: e.g.

text: men

text: of

text: war

text: battleships

text: and

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: typically

text: alongside

text: smaller

text: ships

text: and

text: support

text: craft

text: are

text: typically

text: called

text: fleets

text: each

text: portion

text: led

text: by

text: capital

text: ship

text: being

text: squadron

text: or

text: task

text: force

text: see

text: reference

text: below

text: HMS Ithuriel was a Marksman - class flotilla leader . Originally to have been named Gabriel , the name was changed before her launch .

text: HMS

text: Ithuriel

text: was

text: Marksman

text: class

text: flotilla

text: leader

text: Originally

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: named

text: Gabriel

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: before

text: her

text: launch

text: A flotilla leader was a warship suitable for commanding a flotilla of destroyers or other small warships, typically a small cruiser or a large destroyer (known as a destroyer leader). The flotilla leader provided space, equipment and staff for the flotilla commodore (who typically held the rank of captain), including a wireless room, senior engineering and gunnery officers, and administrative staff to support the officers. They were a feature of navies in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Originally, older light or scout cruisers were often used, but in the early 1900s, the rapidly increasing speed of new destroyer designs meant that such vessels could no longer keep pace with their charges. Accordingly, large destroyer designs were produced for use as leaders.

text: flotilla

text: leader

text: was

text: warship

text: suitable

text: for

text: commanding

text: flotilla

text: of

text: destroyers

text: or

text: other

text: small

text: warships

text: typically

text: small

text: cruiser

text: or

text: large

text: destroyer

text: known

text: as

text: destroyer

text: leader

text: The

text: flotilla

text: leader

text: provided

text: space

text: equipment

text: and

text: staff

text: for

text: the

text: flotilla

text: commodore

text: who

text: typically

text: held

text: the

text: rank

text: of

text: captain

text: including

text: wireless

text: room

text: senior

text: engineering

text: and

text: gunnery

text: officers

text: and

text: administrative

text: staff

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: officers

text: They

text: were

text: feature

text: of

text: navies

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: Originally

text: older

text: light

text: or

text: scout

text: cruisers

text: were

text: often

text: used

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: the

text: rapidly

text: increasing

text: speed

text: of

text: new

text: destroyer

text: designs

text: meant

text: that

text: such

text: vessels

text: could

text: no

text: longer

text: keep

text: pace

text: with

text: their

text: charges

text: Accordingly

text: large

text: destroyer

text: designs

text: were

text: produced

text: for

text: use

text: as

text: leaders

text: A scout cruiser was a type of warship of the early 20th Century, which were smaller, faster, more lightly armed and armoured than protected cruisers or light cruisers, but larger than contemporary destroyers. Intended for fleet scouting duties and acting as a flotilla leader, a scout cruiser was typically armed with six to ten destroyer-type guns of 3-inch (76mm) to 4.7-inch (120mm) calibre, plus two to four torpedo tubes.

text: scout

text: cruiser

text: was

text: type

text: of

text: warship

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Century

text: which

text: were

text: smaller

text: faster

text: more

text: lightly

text: armed

text: and

text: armoured

text: than

text: protected

text: cruisers

text: or

text: light

text: cruisers

text: but

text: larger

text: than

text: contemporary

text: destroyers

text: Intended

text: for

text: fleet

text: scouting

text: duties

text: and

text: acting

text: as

text: flotilla

text: leader

text: scout

text: cruiser

text: was

text: typically

text: armed

text: with

text: six

text: to

text: ten

text: destroyer

text: type

text: guns

text: of

text: mm

text: to

text: mm

text: calibre

text: plus

text: two

text: to

text: four

text: torpedo

text: tubes

text: In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller powerful short-range attackers. They were originally developed in the late 19th century as a defence against torpedo boats, and by the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, these "torpedo boat destroyers" (TBD) were "large, swift, and powerfully armed torpedo boats designed to destroy other torpedo boats." Although the term "destroyer" had been used interchangeably with "TBD" and "torpedo boat destroyer" by navies since 1892, the term "torpedo boat destroyer" had been generally shortened to simply "destroyer" by nearly all navies by the First World War.

text: In

text: naval

text: terminology

text: destroyer

text: is

text: fast

text: maneuverable

text: long

text: endurance

text: warship

text: intended

text: to

text: escort

text: larger

text: vessels

text: in

text: fleet

text: convoy

text: or

text: battle

text: group

text: and

text: defend

text: them

text: against

text: smaller

text: powerful

text: short

text: range

text: attackers

text: They

text: were

text: originally

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: as

text: defence

text: against

text: torpedo

text: boats

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Russo

text: Japanese

text: War

text: in

text: these

text: torpedo

text: boat

text: destroyers

text: TBD

text: were

text: large

text: swift

text: and

text: powerfully

text: armed

text: torpedo

text: boats

text: designed

text: to

text: destroy

text: other

text: torpedo

text: boats

text: Although

text: the

text: term

text: destroyer

text: had

text: been

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: with

text: TBD

text: and

text: torpedo

text: boat

text: destroyer

text: by

text: navies

text: since

text: the

text: term

text: torpedo

text: boat

text: destroyer

text: had

text: been

text: generally

text: shortened

text: to

text: simply

text: destroyer

text: by

text: nearly

text: all

text: navies

text: by

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: A cruiser is a type of warship. The term has been in use for several hundred years, and has had different meanings throughout this period. During the Age of Sail, the term "cruising" referred to certain kinds of missions  independent scouting, commerce protection, or raiding  fulfilled by a frigate or sloop, which were the "cruising warships" of a fleet.

text: cruiser

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: warship

text: The

text: term

text: has

text: been

text: in

text: use

text: for

text: several

text: hundred

text: years

text: and

text: has

text: had

text: different

text: meanings

text: throughout

text: this

text: period

text: During

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Sail

text: the

text: term

text: cruising

text: referred

text: to

text: certain

text: kinds

text: of

text: missions

text: independent

text: scouting

text: commerce

text: protection

text: or

text: raiding

text: fulfilled

text: by

text: frigate

text: or

text: sloop

text: which

text: were

text: the

text: cruising

text: warships

text: of

text: fleet

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: instance_of hms ithuriel

answer: ship

text: ship


text: The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts. The Red Sox compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. The Red Sox have won eight World Series championships and have played in 13. Founded in as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since . The "Red Sox" name was chosen by the team owner, John I. Taylor, around , following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the "Boston Red Stockings", including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves.

text: The

text: Boston

text: Red

text: Sox

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: baseball

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Boston

text: Massachusetts

text: The

text: Red

text: Sox

text: compete

text: in

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: as

text: member

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: AL

text: East

text: division

text: The

text: Red

text: Sox

text: have

text: won

text: eight

text: World

text: Series

text: championships

text: and

text: have

text: played

text: in

text: Founded

text: in

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: 's

text: eight

text: charter

text: franchises

text: the

text: Red

text: Sox

text: home

text: ballpark

text: has

text: been

text: Fenway

text: Park

text: since

text: The

text: Red

text: Sox

text: name

text: was

text: chosen

text: by

text: the

text: team

text: owner

text: John

text: Taylor

text: around

text: following

text: the

text: lead

text: of

text: previous

text: teams

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Boston

text: Red

text: Stockings

text: including

text: the

text: forerunner

text: of

text: the

text: Atlanta

text: Braves

text: Laurel Hill Cemetery is a cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that was the second major garden or rural cemetery in the United States. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1998, one of only a few cemeteries to receive the distinction.

text: Laurel

text: Hill

text: Cemetery

text: is

text: cemetery

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: that

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: major

text: garden

text: or

text: rural

text: cemetery

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: was

text: designated

text: National

text: Historic

text: Landmark

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: few

text: cemeteries

text: to

text: receive

text: the

text: distinction

text: The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. They are the oldest continuous, one-name, one-city franchise in all of professional American sports, dating back to 1883. The Phillies compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) East division. Since 2004, the team's home has been Citizens Bank Park, located in South Philadelphia.

text: The

text: Philadelphia

text: Phillies

text: are

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: baseball

text: franchise

text: based

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: oldest

text: continuous

text: one

text: name

text: one

text: city

text: franchise

text: in

text: all

text: of

text: professional

text: American

text: sports

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: The

text: Phillies

text: compete

text: in

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: as

text: member

text: club

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: East

text: division

text: Since

text: the

text: team

text: 's

text: home

text: has

text: been

text: Citizens

text: Bank

text: Park

text: located

text: in

text: South

text: Philadelphia

text: Benjamin Franklin Shibe ( January 23 , 1838 -- January 14 , 1922 ) was an American sporting goods and baseball executive who was owner and president of the Philadelphia Athletics of the American League from 1901 until his death . He is credited with the invention of the automated stitching machinery to make standardized baseballs . Shibe Park was named in his honor from 1909 to 1954 . Shibe died in 1922 , and is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery , Bala Cynwyd , Pennsylvania . Shibe was a leader of the local baseball fraternity no later than the 1870s . According to Neil Lanctot , the Shibe club was the most notable nonprofessional club in operation 1877 to 1881 , when there was no professional league team based in Philadelphia after the demise of the original Athletics . Prior to purchasing the Athletics , Shibe and his sons worked for A. J. Reach & co. , a Philadelphia sporting goods manufacturer . Shibe and his sons bought 50 percent of the Athletics from Charles Somers in 1901 . At that time , he was named club president , a title he would retain until his death . He took on manager Connie Mack and two sportswriters as part - owners . In 1913 , Shibe made Mack a full partner , ceding him complete authority over the baseball side of the operation . When Shibe died in 1922 , his sons Tom and John became president and vice-president of the A 's , respectively . However , Mack was now the operating head of the franchise . Tom died in 1936 , with John following in 1937 . Their heirs would retain a minority stake in the team until 1950 .

text: Benjamin

text: Franklin

text: Shibe

text: January

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: sporting

text: goods

text: and

text: baseball

text: executive

text: who

text: was

text: owner

text: and

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: Athletics

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: He

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: the

text: automated

text: stitching

text: machinery

text: to

text: make

text: standardized

text: baseballs

text: Shibe

text: Park

text: was

text: named

text: in

text: his

text: honor

text: from

text: to

text: Shibe

text: died

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: buried

text: in

text: West

text: Laurel

text: Hill

text: Cemetery

text: Bala

text: Cynwyd

text: Pennsylvania

text: Shibe

text: was

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: local

text: baseball

text: fraternity

text: no

text: later

text: than

text: the

text: According

text: to

text: Neil

text: Lanctot

text: the

text: Shibe

text: club

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: nonprofessional

text: club

text: in

text: operation

text: to

text: when

text: there

text: was

text: no

text: professional

text: league

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: after

text: the

text: demise

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: Athletics

text: Prior

text: to

text: purchasing

text: the

text: Athletics

text: Shibe

text: and

text: his

text: sons

text: worked

text: for

text: Reach

text: co.

text: Philadelphia

text: sporting

text: goods

text: manufacturer

text: Shibe

text: and

text: his

text: sons

text: bought

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Athletics

text: from

text: Charles

text: Somers

text: in

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: he

text: was

text: named

text: club

text: president

text: title

text: he

text: would

text: retain

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: He

text: took

text: on

text: manager

text: Connie

text: Mack

text: and

text: two

text: sportswriters

text: as

text: part

text: owners

text: In

text: Shibe

text: made

text: Mack

text: full

text: partner

text: ceding

text: him

text: complete

text: authority

text: over

text: the

text: baseball

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: operation

text: When

text: Shibe

text: died

text: in

text: his

text: sons

text: Tom

text: and

text: John

text: became

text: president

text: and

text: vice

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: 's

text: respectively

text: However

text: Mack

text: was

text: now

text: the

text: operating

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: franchise

text: Tom

text: died

text: in

text: with

text: John

text: following

text: in

text: Their

text: heirs

text: would

text: retain

text: minority

text: stake

text: in

text: the

text: team

text: until

text: Cornelius McGillicuddy (December 22, 1862  February 8, 1956), better known as Connie Mack, was an American professional baseball player, manager, and team owner. The longest-serving manager in Major League Baseball history, he holds records for wins (3,731), losses (3,948), and games managed (7,755), with his victory total being almost 1,000 more than any other manager.

text: Cornelius

text: McGillicuddy

text: December

text: February

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: Connie

text: Mack

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: professional

text: baseball

text: player

text: manager

text: and

text: team

text: owner

text: The

text: longest

text: serving

text: manager

text: in

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: history

text: he

text: holds

text: records

text: for

text: wins

text: losses

text: and

text: games

text: managed

text: with

text: his

text: victory

text: total

text: being

text: almost

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: manager

text: Shibe Park, known later as Connie Mack Stadium, was a baseball park located in Philadelphia. It was the home of the Philadelphia Athletics of the American League (AL) and the Philadelphia Phillies of the National League (NL). When it opened April 12, 1909, it became baseball's first steel-and-concrete stadium. In different eras it was home to "The $100,000 Infield", "The Whiz Kids", and "The 1964 Phold". The venue's two home teams won both the first and last games at the stadium: the Athletics beat the Boston Red Sox 81 on opening day 1909, while the Phillies beat the Montreal Expos 21 on October 1, 1970, in the park's final contest.

text: Shibe

text: Park

text: known

text: later

text: as

text: Connie

text: Mack

text: Stadium

text: was

text: baseball

text: park

text: located

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: Athletics

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: AL

text: and

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: Phillies

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: When

text: it

text: opened

text: April

text: it

text: became

text: baseball

text: 's

text: first

text: steel

text: and

text: concrete

text: stadium

text: In

text: different

text: eras

text: it

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: The

text: Infield

text: The

text: Whiz

text: Kids

text: and

text: The

text: Phold

text: The

text: venue

text: 's

text: two

text: home

text: teams

text: won

text: both

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: last

text: games

text: at

text: the

text: stadium

text: the

text: Athletics

text: beat

text: the

text: Boston

text: Red

text: Sox

text: on

text: opening

text: day

text: while

text: the

text: Phillies

text: beat

text: the

text: Montreal

text: Expos

text: on

text: October

text: in

text: the

text: park

text: 's

text: final

text: contest

text: At the end of each Major League Baseball season, the league leaders of various statistical categories are announced. Leading the league in a particular category is referred to as a "title".

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: each

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: season

text: the

text: league

text: leaders

text: of

text: various

text: statistical

text: categories

text: are

text: announced

text: Leading

text: the

text: league

text: in

text: particular

text: category

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: title

text: The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a minor league based in the Great Lakes states, which eventually aspired to major league status. It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season, 25 years after the formation of the National League (the "Senior Circuit").

text: The

text: American

text: League

text: of

text: Professional

text: Baseball

text: Clubs

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: AL

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: leagues

text: that

text: make

text: up

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: It

text: developed

text: from

text: the

text: Western

text: League

text: minor

text: league

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: states

text: which

text: eventually

text: aspired

text: to

text: major

text: league

text: status

text: It

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Junior

text: Circuit

text: because

text: it

text: claimed

text: Major

text: League

text: status

text: for

text: the

text: season

text: years

text: after

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: the

text: Senior

text: Circuit

text: The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) is the United States federal government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. A property listed in the National Register, or located within a National Register Historic District, may qualify for tax incentives derived from the total value of expenses incurred preserving the property.

text: The

text: National

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Places

text: NRHP

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: federal

text: government

text: 's

text: official

text: list

text: of

text: districts

text: sites

text: buildings

text: structures

text: and

text: objects

text: deemed

text: worthy

text: of

text: preservation

text: property

text: listed

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: Register

text: or

text: located

text: within

text: National

text: Register

text: Historic

text: District

text: may

text: qualify

text: for

text: tax

text: incentives

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: total

text: value

text: of

text: expenses

text: incurred

text: preserving

text: the

text: property

text: The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the National League (NL), is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, and the world's oldest current professional team sports league. Founded on February 2, 1876, to replace the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, it is sometimes called the Senior Circuit, in contrast to MLB's other league, the American League, which was founded 25 years later. Both leagues currently have 15 teams. The two league champions of 1903 arranged to compete against each other in the inaugural World Series. After the 1904 champions failed to reach a similar agreement, the two leagues formalized the World Series as an arrangement between the leagues. National League teams have won 48 of the 112 World Series contested from 1903 to 2016. The 2016 National League champions are the Chicago Cubs.

text: The

text: National

text: League

text: of

text: Professional

text: Baseball

text: Clubs

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: is

text: the

text: older

text: of

text: two

text: leagues

text: constituting

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: current

text: professional

text: team

text: sports

text: league

text: Founded

text: on

text: February

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: National

text: Association

text: of

text: Professional

text: Base

text: Ball

text: Players

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Senior

text: Circuit

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: MLB

text: 's

text: other

text: league

text: the

text: American

text: League

text: which

text: was

text: founded

text: years

text: later

text: Both

text: leagues

text: currently

text: have

text: teams

text: The

text: two

text: league

text: champions

text: of

text: arranged

text: to

text: compete

text: against

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: the

text: inaugural

text: World

text: Series

text: After

text: the

text: champions

text: failed

text: to

text: reach

text: similar

text: agreement

text: the

text: two

text: leagues

text: formalized

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: as

text: an

text: arrangement

text: between

text: the

text: leagues

text: National

text: League

text: teams

text: have

text: won

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Series

text: contested

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: National

text: League

text: champions

text: are

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Cubs

text: West Laurel Hill Cemetery is a cemetery located in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania, United States. It is the site of many notable burials, and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1992 (#92000991). West Laurel Hill was designed as a rural cemetery and is a "sister" institution to the Laurel Hill Cemetery nearby in Philadelphia.

text: West

text: Laurel

text: Hill

text: Cemetery

text: is

text: cemetery

text: located

text: in

text: Bala

text: Cynwyd

text: Pennsylvania

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: notable

text: burials

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: National

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Places

text: since

text: West

text: Laurel

text: Hill

text: was

text: designed

text: as

text: rural

text: cemetery

text: and

text: is

text: sister

text: institution

text: to

text: the

text: Laurel

text: Hill

text: Cemetery

text: nearby

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: The Montreal Expos were a Canadian professional baseball team based in Montreal, Quebec. The Expos were the first Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise located outside the United States. They played in the National League (NL) East Division from 1969 until 2004. Following the 2004 season, the franchise relocated to Washington, D.C., and became the Washington Nationals.

text: The

text: Montreal

text: Expos

text: were

text: Canadian

text: professional

text: baseball

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Montreal

text: Quebec

text: The

text: Expos

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: MLB

text: franchise

text: located

text: outside

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: They

text: played

text: in

text: the

text: National

text: League

text: NL

text: East

text: Division

text: from

text: until

text: Following

text: the

text: season

text: the

text: franchise

text: relocated

text: to

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: Washington

text: Nationals

annotations: follows single

question: occupation ben shibe

answer: baseball player

text: baseball player


text: Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay, is a country in the southeastern region of South America. It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east, with the Río de la Plata (River of Silver) to the south and with the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.42 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. With an area of approximately , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America, only larger in size than Suriname.

text: Uruguay

text: officially

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Republic

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: borders

text: Argentina

text: to

text: its

text: west

text: and

text: Brazil

text: to

text: its

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Río

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

text: River

text: of

text: Silver

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: with

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: of

text: whom

text: million

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Montevideo

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Uruguay

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: second

text: smallest

text: nation

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: only

text: larger

text: in

text: size

text: than

text: Suriname

text: The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or roughly 40 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.

text: The

text: Amazon

text: basin

text: is

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: drained

text: by

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: and

text: its

text: tributaries

text: The

text: Amazon

text: drainage

text: basin

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: or

text: roughly

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Bolivia

text: Brazil

text: Colombia

text: Ecuador

text: Guyana

text: Peru

text: Suriname

text: and

text: Venezuela

text:
A "metropolitan area", sometimes referred to as a "metro area" or just "metro", is a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing.
A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships, boroughs, cities, towns, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts. As social, economic and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: metro

text: area

text: or

text: just

text: metro

text: is

text: region

text: consisting

text: of

text: densely

text: populated

text: urban

text: core

text: and

text: its

text: less

text: populated

text: surrounding

text: territories

text: sharing

text: industry

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: housing

text: metro

text: area

text: usually

text: comprises

text: multiple

text: jurisdictions

text: and

text: municipalities

text: neighborhoods

text: townships

text: boroughs

text: cities

text: towns

text: exurbs

text: suburbs

text: counties

text: districts

text: states

text: and

text: even

text: nations

text: like

text: the

text: eurodistricts

text: As

text: social

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: institutions

text: have

text: changed

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: have

text: become

text: key

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: regions

text: Metropolitan

text: areas

text: include

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: urban

text: areas

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: satellite

text: cities

text: towns

text: and

text: intervening

text: rural

text: areas

text: that

text: are

text: socio

text: economically

text: tied

text: to

text: the

text: urban

text: core

text: typically

text: measured

text: by

text: commuting

text: patterns

text: Birds (Aves), also known as avian dinosaurs, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds.

text: Birds

text: Aves

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: avian

text: dinosaurs

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: endothermic

text: vertebrates

text: characterised

text: by

text: feathers

text: toothless

text: beaked

text: jaws

text: the

text: laying

text: of

text: hard

text: shelled

text: eggs

text: high

text: metabolic

text: rate

text: four

text: chambered

text: heart

text: and

text: lightweight

text: but

text: strong

text: skeleton

text: Birds

text: live

text: worldwide

text: and

text: range

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: the

text: bee

text: hummingbird

text: to

text: the

text: ostrich

text: They

text: rank

text: as

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: tetrapods

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: living

text: species

text: at

text: approximately

text: ten

text: thousand

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: these

text: being

text: passerines

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: perching

text: birds

text: or

text: less

text: accurately

text: as

text: songbirds

text: Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae, characterized by long wings, short legs and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk tale that they sucked the milk from goats (the Latin for goatsucker is "Caprimulgus"). Some New World species are called nighthawks. Nightjars usually nest on the ground.

text: Nightjars

text: are

text: medium

text: sized

text: nocturnal

text: or

text: crepuscular

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Caprimulgidae

text: characterized

text: by

text: long

text: wings

text: short

text: legs

text: and

text: very

text: short

text: bills

text: They

text: are

text: sometimes

text: called

text: goatsuckers

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: ancient

text: folk

text: tale

text: that

text: they

text: sucked

text: the

text: milk

text: from

text: goats

text: the

text: Latin

text: for

text: goatsucker

text: is

text: Caprimulgus

text: Some

text: New

text: World

text: species

text: are

text: called

text: nighthawks

text: Nightjars

text: usually

text: nest

text: on

text: the

text: ground

text: South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).

text: South

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: hemisphere

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: with

text: relatively

text: small

text: portion

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: model

text: used

text: in

text: nations

text: that

text: speak

text: Romance

text: languages

text: The

text: reference

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: instead

text: of

text: other

text: regions

text: like

text: Latin

text: America

text: or

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: has

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: due

text: to

text: changing

text: geopolitical

text: dynamics

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Brazil

text: Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.

text: Brazil

text: officially

text: the

text: Federative

text: Republic

text: of

text: Brazil

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: both

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: As

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fifth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: Portuguese

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: Brazil

text: has

text: coastline

text: of

text: It

text: borders

text: all

text: other

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: except

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Chile

text: and

text: covers

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: land

text: area

text: Its

text: Amazon

text: River

text: basin

text: includes

text: vast

text: tropical

text: forest

text: home

text: to

text: diverse

text: wildlife

text: variety

text: of

text: ecological

text: systems

text: and

text: extensive

text: natural

text: resources

text: spanning

text: numerous

text: protected

text: habitats

text: This

text: unique

text: environmental

text: heritage

text: makes

text: Brazil

text: one

text: of

text: megadiverse

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: significant

text: global

text: interest

text: and

text: debate

text: regarding

text: deforestation

text: and

text: environmental

text: protection

text: The little nightjar ( Setopagis parvula ) is a species of nightjar in the Caprimulgidae family . It is found in woodland and other semi-open habitats in eastern , central and southern Brazil , eastern Peru , eastern and northern Bolivia , Paraguay , Uruguay and northern Argentina . It is fairly common in most of its range . It has sometimes included the Todd 's nightjar ( S. heterura ) of northern South America as a subspecies . The two are visually very similar , but vocally distinctive .

text: The

text: little

text: nightjar

text: Setopagis

text: parvula

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: nightjar

text: in

text: the

text: Caprimulgidae

text: family

text: It

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: woodland

text: and

text: other

text: semi

text: open

text: habitats

text: in

text: eastern

text: central

text: and

text: southern

text: Brazil

text: eastern

text: Peru

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: Bolivia

text: Paraguay

text: Uruguay

text: and

text: northern

text: Argentina

text: It

text: is

text: fairly

text: common

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: range

text: It

text: has

text: sometimes

text: included

text: the

text: Todd

text: 's

text: nightjar

text: heterura

text: of

text: northern

text: South

text: America

text: as

text: subspecies

text: The

text: two

text: are

text: visually

text: very

text: similar

text: but

text: vocally

text: distinctive

text: Caprimulgus is a large and very widespread genus of nightjars, medium-sized nocturnal birds with long pointed wings, short legs and short bills. "Caprimulgus" is derived from the Latin "capra", "nanny goat", and "mulgere", "to milk", referring to an old myth that nightjars suck milk from goats. The common name "nightjar", first recorded in 1630, refers to the nocturnal habits of the bird, the second part of the name deriving from the distinctive churring song.

text: Caprimulgus

text: is

text: large

text: and

text: very

text: widespread

text: genus

text: of

text: nightjars

text: medium

text: sized

text: nocturnal

text: birds

text: with

text: long

text: pointed

text: wings

text: short

text: legs

text: and

text: short

text: bills

text: Caprimulgus

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: capra

text: nanny

text: goat

text: and

text: mulgere

text: to

text: milk

text: referring

text: to

text: an

text: old

text: myth

text: that

text: nightjars

text: suck

text: milk

text: from

text: goats

text: The

text: common

text: name

text: nightjar

text: first

text: recorded

text: in

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: nocturnal

text: habits

text: of

text: the

text: bird

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: deriving

text: from

text: the

text: distinctive

text: churring

text: song

text: The Altiplano (Spanish for "high plain"), Collao (Quechua and Aymara: Qullaw, meaning "place of the Qulla"), Andean Plateau or Bolivian Plateau, in west-central South America, is the area where the Andes are the widest. It is the most extensive area of high plateau on Earth outside Tibet. The bulk of the Altiplano lies in Bolivia, but its northern parts lie in Peru, and its southern parts lie in Chile and Argentina.

text: The

text: Altiplano

text: Spanish

text: for

text: high

text: plain

text: Collao

text: Quechua

text: and

text: Aymara

text: Qullaw

text: meaning

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: Qulla

text: Andean

text: Plateau

text: or

text: Bolivian

text: Plateau

text: in

text: west

text: central

text: South

text: America

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: where

text: the

text: Andes

text: are

text: the

text: widest

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: area

text: of

text: high

text: plateau

text: on

text: Earth

text: outside

text: Tibet

text: The

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Altiplano

text: lies

text: in

text: Bolivia

text: but

text: its

text: northern

text: parts

text: lie

text: in

text: Peru

text: and

text: its

text: southern

text: parts

text: lie

text: in

text: Chile

text: and

text: Argentina

text: Peru , officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is an extremely biodiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river.

text: Peru

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Peru

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Colombia

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Brazil

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Chile

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Peru

text: is

text: an

text: extremely

text: biodiverse

text: country

text: with

text: habitats

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: arid

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: coastal

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: the

text: peaks

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: mountains

text: vertically

text: extending

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: to

text: the

text: tropical

text: Amazon

text: Basin

text: rainforest

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: the

text: Amazon

text: river

text: A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. Generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents. Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia. In geology, areas of continental crust include regions covered with water.

text: continent

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: very

text: large

text: landmasses

text: on

text: Earth

text: Generally

text: identified

text: by

text: convention

text: rather

text: than

text: any

text: strict

text: criteria

text: up

text: to

text: seven

text: regions

text: are

text: commonly

text: regarded

text: as

text: continents

text: Ordered

text: from

text: largest

text: in

text: size

text: to

text: smallest

text: they

text: are

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: North

text: America

text: South

text: America

text: Antarctica

text: Europe

text: and

text: Australia

text: In

text: geology

text: areas

text: of

text: continental

text: crust

text: include

text: regions

text: covered

text: with

text: water

text: Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

text: Chile

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Chile

text: is

text: South

text: American

text: country

text: occupying

text: long

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: between

text: the

text: Andes

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: It

text: borders

text: Peru

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Bolivia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Drake

text: Passage

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: Chilean

text: territory

text: includes

text: the

text: Pacific

text: islands

text: of

text: Juan

text: Fernández

text: Salas

text: Gómez

text: Desventuradas

text: and

text: Easter

text: Island

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Chile

text: also

text: claims

text: about

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: although

text: all

text: claims

text: are

text: suspended

text: under

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: Bolivia (; ), officially known as the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil, to the southeast by Paraguay, to the south by Argentina, to the southwest by Chile, and to the northwest by Peru. One-third of the country is the Andean mountain range, with one of its largest cities and principal economic centers, El Alto, located on the Altiplano. Bolivia is one of two landlocked countries (the other is Paraguay) that lie outside Afro-Eurasia. Bolivia is the largest landlocked country in the Americas.

text: Bolivia

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Plurinational

text: State

text: of

text: Bolivia

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: western

text: central

text: South

text: America

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Paraguay

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: Chile

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Peru

text: One

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: the

text: Andean

text: mountain

text: range

text: with

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: largest

text: cities

text: and

text: principal

text: economic

text: centers

text: El

text: Alto

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Altiplano

text: Bolivia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: landlocked

text: countries

text: the

text: other

text: is

text: Paraguay

text: that

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: Bolivia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: El Alto (Spanish for "The Heights") is the second-largest city in Bolivia, located adjacent to La Paz in Pedro Domingo Murillo Province on the Altiplano highlands. El Alto is today one of Bolivia's fastest-growing urban centers, with a population of 974,754 in 2011. El Alto is the highest major metropolis in the world, with an average elevation of .

text: El

text: Alto

text: Spanish

text: for

text: The

text: Heights

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Bolivia

text: located

text: adjacent

text: to

text: La

text: Paz

text: in

text: Pedro

text: Domingo

text: Murillo

text: Province

text: on

text: the

text: Altiplano

text: highlands

text: El

text: Alto

text: is

text: today

text: one

text: of

text: Bolivia

text: 's

text: fastest

text: growing

text: urban

text: centers

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: El

text: Alto

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: major

text: metropolis

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: elevation

text: of

text: The Andes or Andean Mountains are the longest continental mountain range in the world. They are a continuous range of highlands along the western edge of South America. This range is about long, about wide (widest between 18° south and 20° south latitude), and of an average height of about . The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.

text: The

text: Andes

text: or

text: Andean

text: Mountains

text: are

text: the

text: longest

text: continental

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: They

text: are

text: continuous

text: range

text: of

text: highlands

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: This

text: range

text: is

text: about

text: long

text: about

text: wide

text: widest

text: between

text: south

text: and

text: south

text: latitude

text: and

text: of

text: an

text: average

text: height

text: of

text: about

text: The

text: Andes

text: extend

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: through

text: seven

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: Venezuela

text: Colombia

text: Ecuador

text: Peru

text: Bolivia

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Chile

text: Crepuscular animals are those that are active primarily during twilight (i.e., the period immediately after dawn and that immediately before dusk). It is thus to be distinguished from diurnal and nocturnal behavior where an animal is active during the hours of daylight or the hours of darkness respectively. The term is not precise, however, as some crepuscular animals may also be active on a moonlit night or during an overcast day. The term matutinal is used for animals that are only active before dawn, and vespertine for those only active after sunset.

text: Crepuscular

text: animals

text: are

text: those

text: that

text: are

text: active

text: primarily

text: during

text: twilight

text: i.e.

text: the

text: period

text: immediately

text: after

text: dawn

text: and

text: that

text: immediately

text: before

text: dusk

text: It

text: is

text: thus

text: to

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: diurnal

text: and

text: nocturnal

text: behavior

text: where

text: an

text: animal

text: is

text: active

text: during

text: the

text: hours

text: of

text: daylight

text: or

text: the

text: hours

text: of

text: darkness

text: respectively

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: not

text: precise

text: however

text: as

text: some

text: crepuscular

text: animals

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: active

text: on

text: moonlit

text: night

text: or

text: during

text: an

text: overcast

text: day

text: The

text: term

text: matutinal

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: animals

text: that

text: are

text: only

text: active

text: before

text: dawn

text: and

text: vespertine

text: for

text: those

text: only

text: active

text: after

text: sunset

text: The Río de la Plata ("River of Silver")  rendered River Plate in British English and the Commonwealth and La Plata River (occasionally Plata River) in other English-speaking countries  is the river and estuary formed by the confluence of the Uruguay and the Paraná rivers. It empties into the Atlantic Ocean, forming a funnel-shaped indentation on the southeastern coastline of South America.

text: The

text: Río

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

text: River

text: of

text: Silver

text: rendered

text: River

text: Plate

text: in

text: British

text: English

text: and

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: La

text: Plata

text: River

text: occasionally

text: Plata

text: River

text: in

text: other

text: English

text: speaking

text: countries

text: is

text: the

text: river

text: and

text: estuary

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Uruguay

text: and

text: the

text: Paraná

text: rivers

text: It

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: forming

text: funnel

text: shaped

text: indentation

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: coastline

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in central South America, bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the country from north to south. Due to its central location in South America, it is sometimes referred to as "Corazón de Sudamérica" ("Heart of South America"). Paraguay is one of the two landlocked countries (the other is Bolivia) that lie outside Afro-Eurasia. Paraguay is the smallest landlocked country in the Americas.

text: Paraguay

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Paraguay

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: central

text: South

text: America

text: bordered

text: by

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southwest

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: and

text: Bolivia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Paraguay

text: lies

text: on

text: both

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Paraguay

text: River

text: which

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: central

text: location

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Corazón

text: de

text: Sudamérica

text: Heart

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Paraguay

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: landlocked

text: countries

text: the

text: other

text: is

text: Bolivia

text: that

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: Paraguay

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the estuary of the Río de la Plata, on the South American continent's southeastern coast. "Buenos aires" can be translated as "fair winds" or "good airs", but the first one was the meaning intended by the founders in the 16th century, by the use of the original name "Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre". The Greater Buenos Aires conurbation, which also includes several Buenos Aires Province districts, constitutes the fourth-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas, with a population of around 17 million.

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Argentina

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: estuary

text: of

text: the

text: Río

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: 's

text: southeastern

text: coast

text: Buenos

text: aires

text: can

text: be

text: translated

text: as

text: fair

text: winds

text: or

text: good

text: airs

text: but

text: the

text: first

text: one

text: was

text: the

text: meaning

text: intended

text: by

text: the

text: founders

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: name

text: Real

text: de

text: Nuestra

text: Señora

text: Santa

text: María

text: del

text: Buen

text: Ayre

text: The

text: Greater

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: conurbation

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: several

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: Province

text: districts

text: constitutes

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: around

text: million

text:
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a federal republic in the southern half of South America. Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with its neighbor Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. With a mainland area of , Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin America, and the largest Spanish-speaking one. The country is subdivided into twenty-three provinces (singular "provincia") and one autonomous city ("ciudad autónoma"), Buenos Aires, which is the federal capital of the nation as decided by Congress.
The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions, but exist under a federal system.

text: Argentina

text: officially

text: the

text: Argentine

text: Republic

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: Sharing

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: with

text: its

text: neighbor

text: Chile

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: also

text: bordered

text: by

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Paraguay

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Brazil

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Uruguay

text: and

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Drake

text: Passage

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: With

text: mainland

text: area

text: of

text: Argentina

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: in

text: Latin

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: Spanish

text: speaking

text: one

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: twenty

text: three

text: provinces

text: singular

text: provincia

text: and

text: one

text: autonomous

text: city

text: ciudad

text: autónoma

text: Buenos

text: Aires

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: federal

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: as

text: decided

text: by

text: Congress

text: The

text: provinces

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: have

text: their

text: own

text: constitutions

text: but

text: exist

text: under

text: federal

text: system

text: The Paraguay River (Río Paraguay in Spanish, Rio Paraguai in Portuguese, Ysyry Paraguái in Guarani) is a major river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It flows about from its headwaters in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso to its confluence with the Paraná River north of Corrientes and Resistencia.

text: The

text: Paraguay

text: River

text: Río

text: Paraguay

text: in

text: Spanish

text: Rio

text: Paraguai

text: in

text: Portuguese

text: Ysyry

text: Paraguái

text: in

text: Guarani

text: is

text: major

text: river

text: in

text: south

text: central

text: South

text: America

text: running

text: through

text: Brazil

text: Bolivia

text: Paraguay

text: and

text: Argentina

text: It

text: flows

text: about

text: from

text: its

text: headwaters

text: in

text: the

text: Brazilian

text: state

text: of

text: Mato

text: Grosso

text: to

text: its

text: confluence

text: with

text: the

text: Paraná

text: River

text: north

text: of

text: Corrientes

text: and

text: Resistencia

text: A nighthawk is a nocturnal bird of the subfamily Chordeilinae, within the nightjar family, Caprimulgidae. The term "nighthawk", first recorded in the King James Version of 1611, was originally a local name in England for the European nightjar. Its use in the Americas refers to members of the genus "Chordeiles" and related genera was first recorded in 1778.

text: nighthawk

text: is

text: nocturnal

text: bird

text: of

text: the

text: subfamily

text: Chordeilinae

text: within

text: the

text: nightjar

text: family

text: Caprimulgidae

text: The

text: term

text: nighthawk

text: first

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: King

text: James

text: Version

text: of

text: was

text: originally

text: local

text: name

text: in

text: England

text: for

text: the

text: European

text: nightjar

text: Its

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: refers

text: to

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Chordeiles

text: and

text: related

text: genera

text: was

text: first

text: recorded

text: in

text: Southern Cone is a geographic region composed of the southernmost areas of South America, south of and around the Tropic of Capricorn. Traditionally, it covers Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and south to the junction between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which is the closest continental area of Antarctica (1000 km). In terms of social and political geography, the Southern Cone comprises Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Southern Brazil and sometimes Paraguay.

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: is

text: geographic

text: region

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: southernmost

text: areas

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: south

text: of

text: and

text: around

text: the

text: Tropic

text: of

text: Capricorn

text: Traditionally

text: it

text: covers

text: Argentina

text: Chile

text: and

text: Uruguay

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: south

text: to

text: the

text: junction

text: between

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Atlantic

text: Oceans

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: closest

text: continental

text: area

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: km

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: geography

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: comprises

text: Argentina

text: Chile

text: Uruguay

text: Southern

text: Brazil

text: and

text: sometimes

text: Paraguay

text: Montevideo is the capital and largest city of Uruguay. According to the 2011 census, the city proper has a population of 1,319,108 (about one-third of the country's total population) in an area of . The southernmost capital city in the Americas, Montevideo is situated in the southern coast of the country, on the northeastern bank of the Río de la Plata.

text: Montevideo

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Uruguay

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: the

text: city

text: proper

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: The

text: southernmost

text: capital

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Montevideo

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: northeastern

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Río

text: de

text: la

text: Plata

question: parent_taxon little nightjar

answer: caprimulgus

text: caprimulgus

text: caprimulgus

text: caprimulgus


text: My Winter Storm is the second solo album by Finnish singer Tarja Turunen, and the first to consist mainly of new and original songs specifically written by or for Turunen. The album was released by Universal Music on 19 November 2007 in Finland, on 2 January 2008 in South America and on February 26 in North America and in the United Kingdom was also released a special version limited in 300 copies.

text: My

text: Winter

text: Storm

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: solo

text: album

text: by

text: Finnish

text: singer

text: Tarja

text: Turunen

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: consist

text: mainly

text: of

text: new

text: and

text: original

text: songs

text: specifically

text: written

text: by

text: or

text: for

text: Turunen

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: Universal

text: Music

text: on

text: November

text: in

text: Finland

text: on

text: January

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: on

text: February

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: was

text: also

text: released

text: special

text: version

text: limited

text: in

text: copies

text: `` Die Alive '' is the second single by Tarja from the album My Winter Storm . The single was released on March 7 , 2008 via Universal Music label . The video for the song was recorded in December , and it premiered in January .

text: Die

text: Alive

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: single

text: by

text: Tarja

text: from

text: the

text: album

text: My

text: Winter

text: Storm

text: The

text: single

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: March

text: via

text: Universal

text: Music

text: label

text: The

text: video

text: for

text: the

text: song

text: was

text: recorded

text: in

text: December

text: and

text: it

text: premiered

text: in

text: January

text: Tarja Soile Susanna Turunen-Cabuli (born August 17, 1977), known professionally as Tarja Turunen or simply Tarja, is a Finnish singer-songwriter. She is a soprano and has a vocal range of three octaves.

text: Tarja

text: Soile

text: Susanna

text: Turunen

text: Cabuli

text: born

text: August

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Tarja

text: Turunen

text: or

text: simply

text: Tarja

text: is

text: Finnish

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: She

text: is

text: soprano

text: and

text: has

text: vocal

text: range

text: of

text: three

text: octaves

annotations: likely single

question: performer die alive

answer: tarja turunen

text: tarja turunen

text: tarja turunen


text: Russia, also officially known as the Russian Empire, was a state that existed from 1721 until it was overthrown by the short-lived liberal February Revolution in 1917. One of the largest empires in world history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in 181214 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe, and expanded to the west and south.

text: Russia

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: was

text: state

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: overthrown

text: by

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: liberal

text: February

text: Revolution

text: in

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: empires

text: in

text: world

text: history

text: stretching

text: over

text: three

text: continents

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: was

text: surpassed

text: in

text: landmass

text: only

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: Mongol

text: empires

text: The

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: happened

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: neighboring

text: rival

text: powers

text: the

text: Swedish

text: Empire

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: Persia

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: It

text: played

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: in

text: defeating

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: ambitions

text: to

text: control

text: Europe

text: and

text: expanded

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: Eastern Europe, also known as East Europe, is the eastern part of the European continent. There is no consensus on the precise area it covers, partly because the term has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic connotations. There are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". A related United Nations paper adds that "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct".

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: East

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: consensus

text: on

text: the

text: precise

text: area

text: it

text: covers

text: partly

text: because

text: the

text: term

text: has

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: geopolitical

text: geographical

text: cultural

text: and

text: socioeconomic

text: connotations

text: There

text: are

text: almost

text: as

text: many

text: definitions

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: as

text: there

text: are

text: scholars

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: related

text: United

text: Nations

text: paper

text: adds

text: that

text: every

text: assessment

text: of

text: spatial

text: identities

text: is

text: essentially

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: construct

text:
Western Ukraine or West Ukraine is a geographical and historical relative term used in reference to the western territories of Ukraine. Important cities are Buchach, Chernivtsi, Drohobych, Halych (hence - Halychyna), Ivano-Frankivsk, Khotyn, Lutsk, Lviv, Mukacheve, Rivne, Ternopil, Uzhhorod and others.
Western Ukraine is not an administrative category within Ukraine. It is defined mainly in the context of European history pertaining to the 20th century wars and the ensuing period of annexations. The current oblast administration borders are almost perfectly aligned with the administrative divisions of the Second Polish Republic from before the 1939 invasion of Poland by the Soviet Union. At the onset of World War II the region was incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (), following mock elections which manufactured public consent for the transfer of land from occupied Poland to the Soviet Union as of October 22, 1939. Its historical background makes Western Ukraine uniquely different from the rest of the country, and contributes to its distinctive character of today.

text: Western

text: Ukraine

text: or

text: West

text: Ukraine

text: is

text: geographical

text: and

text: historical

text: relative

text: term

text: used

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: territories

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: Important

text: cities

text: are

text: Buchach

text: Chernivtsi

text: Drohobych

text: Halych

text: hence

text: Halychyna

text: Ivano

text: Frankivsk

text: Khotyn

text: Lutsk

text: Lviv

text: Mukacheve

text: Rivne

text: Ternopil

text: Uzhhorod

text: and

text: others

text: Western

text: Ukraine

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: administrative

text: category

text: within

text: Ukraine

text: It

text: is

text: defined

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: European

text: history

text: pertaining

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: wars

text: and

text: the

text: ensuing

text: period

text: of

text: annexations

text: The

text: current

text: oblast

text: administration

text: borders

text: are

text: almost

text: perfectly

text: aligned

text: with

text: the

text: administrative

text: divisions

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Polish

text: Republic

text: from

text: before

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: At

text: the

text: onset

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: region

text: was

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Ukrainian

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republic

text: following

text: mock

text: elections

text: which

text: manufactured

text: public

text: consent

text: for

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: land

text: from

text: occupied

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: as

text: of

text: October

text: Its

text: historical

text: background

text: makes

text: Western

text: Ukraine

text: uniquely

text: different

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: contributes

text: to

text: its

text: distinctive

text: character

text: of

text: today

text: The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 to December 31, 1800 in the Gregorian calendar. During the 18th century, the Enlightenment culminated in the French and American revolutions. Philosophy and science increased in prominence. Philosophers dreamed of a brighter age. This dream turned into a reality with the French Revolution of 1789-, though later compromised by the excesses of the Reign of Terror (1793-1794) under Maximilien Robespierre. At first, many monarchies of Europe embraced Enlightenment ideals, but with the French Revolution they feared losing their power and formed broad coalitions for the counter-revolution. The Ottoman Empire experienced an unprecedented period of peace and economic expansion, taking part in no European wars from 1740 to 1768. As a consequence the empire did not share in Europe's military improvements during the Seven Years' War (1756-1763), causing its military to fall behind and suffer defeats against Russia in the second half of the century.

text: The

text: century

text: lasted

text: from

text: January

text: to

text: December

text: in

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: Enlightenment

text: culminated

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: and

text: American

text: revolutions

text: Philosophy

text: and

text: science

text: increased

text: in

text: prominence

text: Philosophers

text: dreamed

text: of

text: brighter

text: age

text: This

text: dream

text: turned

text: into

text: reality

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: of

text: though

text: later

text: compromised

text: by

text: the

text: excesses

text: of

text: the

text: Reign

text: of

text: Terror

text: under

text: Maximilien

text: Robespierre

text: At

text: first

text: many

text: monarchies

text: of

text: Europe

text: embraced

text: Enlightenment

text: ideals

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: they

text: feared

text: losing

text: their

text: power

text: and

text: formed

text: broad

text: coalitions

text: for

text: the

text: counter

text: revolution

text: The

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: experienced

text: an

text: unprecedented

text: period

text: of

text: peace

text: and

text: economic

text: expansion

text: taking

text: part

text: in

text: no

text: European

text: wars

text: from

text: to

text: As

text: consequence

text: the

text: empire

text: did

text: not

text: share

text: in

text: Europe

text: 's

text: military

text: improvements

text: during

text: the

text: Seven

text: Years

text: War

text: causing

text: its

text: military

text: to

text: fall

text: behind

text: and

text: suffer

text: defeats

text: against

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Israel , officially known as the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.

text: Israel

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: It

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Lebanon

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Jordan

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: and

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: respectively

text: and

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: country

text: contains

text: geographically

text: diverse

text: features

text: within

text: its

text: relatively

text: small

text: area

text: Israel

text: 's

text: financial

text: and

text: technology

text: center

text: is

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: while

text: its

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: proclaimed

text: capital

text: is

text: Jerusalem

text: although

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: internationally

text: unrecognized

text: Judaism (from , derived from Greek , originally from Hebrew , "Yehudah", "Judah"; in Hebrew: , "Yahadut", the distinctive characteristics of the Judean ethnos) encompasses the religion, philosophy, culture and way of life of the Jewish people. Judaism is an ancient monotheistic religion, with the Torah as its foundational text (part of the larger text known as the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible), and supplemental oral tradition represented by later texts such as the Midrash and the Talmud. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenantal relationship that God established with the Children of Israel. With between 14.5 and 17.4 million adherents worldwide, Judaism is the tenth-largest religion in the world.

text: Judaism

text: from

text: derived

text: from

text: Greek

text: originally

text: from

text: Hebrew

text: Yehudah

text: Judah

text: in

text: Hebrew

text: Yahadut

text: the

text: distinctive

text: characteristics

text: of

text: the

text: Judean

text: ethnos

text: encompasses

text: the

text: religion

text: philosophy

text: culture

text: and

text: way

text: of

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: Jewish

text: people

text: Judaism

text: is

text: an

text: ancient

text: monotheistic

text: religion

text: with

text: the

text: Torah

text: as

text: its

text: foundational

text: text

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: text

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Tanakh

text: or

text: Hebrew

text: Bible

text: and

text: supplemental

text: oral

text: tradition

text: represented

text: by

text: later

text: texts

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Midrash

text: and

text: the

text: Talmud

text: Judaism

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: religious

text: Jews

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: expression

text: of

text: the

text: covenantal

text: relationship

text: that

text: God

text: established

text: with

text: the

text: Children

text: of

text: Israel

text: With

text: between

text: and

text: million

text: adherents

text: worldwide

text: Judaism

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: religion

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Chaya Mushka ( Moussia ) Schneerson ( March 16 , 1901 -- February 10 , 1988 ) , referred to by Lubavitchers as The Rebbetzin , was the wife of Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson , the seventh and last Rebbe ( spiritual leader ) of the Chabad - Lubavitch branch of Hasidic Judaism . She was the second of three daughters of the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe , Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn . She was named after the wife of the third Lubavitcher Rebbe , Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneersohn .

text: Chaya

text: Mushka

text: Moussia

text: Schneerson

text: March

text: February

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: Lubavitchers

text: as

text: The

text: Rebbetzin

text: was

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: Rabbi

text: Menachem

text: Mendel

text: Schneerson

text: the

text: seventh

text: and

text: last

text: Rebbe

text: spiritual

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Chabad

text: Lubavitch

text: branch

text: of

text: Hasidic

text: Judaism

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: of

text: three

text: daughters

text: of

text: the

text: sixth

text: Lubavitcher

text: Rebbe

text: Rabbi

text: Yosef

text: Yitzchok

text: Schneersohn

text: She

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: the

text: third

text: Lubavitcher

text: Rebbe

text: Rabbi

text: Menachem

text: Mendel

text: Schneersohn

text: In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word ' , meaning "My Master" (irregular plural ' ), which is the way a student would address a master of Torah. The word "master" "" literally means "great one".

text: In

text: Judaism

text: rabbi

text: is

text: teacher

text: of

text: Torah

text: This

text: title

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: word

text: meaning

text: My

text: Master

text: irregular

text: plural

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: way

text: student

text: would

text: address

text: master

text: of

text: Torah

text: The

text: word

text: master

text: literally

text: means

text: great

text: one

text: Yiddish (or , "yidish"/"idish", "Jewish", ; in older sources - "Yidish-Taitsh", Judaeo-German) is the historical language of the Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with an extensive Germanic based vernacular fused with elements taken from Hebrew and Aramaic, as well as from Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages. Yiddish is written with a fully vocalized alphabet based on the Hebrew script.

text: Yiddish

text: or

text: yidish"/"idish

text: Jewish

text: in

text: older

text: sources

text: Yidish

text: Taitsh

text: Judaeo

text: German

text: is

text: the

text: historical

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Ashkenazi

text: Jews

text: It

text: originated

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: providing

text: the

text: nascent

text: Ashkenazi

text: community

text: with

text: an

text: extensive

text: Germanic

text: based

text: vernacular

text: fused

text: with

text: elements

text: taken

text: from

text: Hebrew

text: and

text: Aramaic

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: from

text: Slavic

text: languages

text: and

text: traces

text: of

text: Romance

text: languages

text: Yiddish

text: is

text: written

text: with

text: fully

text: vocalized

text: alphabet

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: script

text: Hasidism, sometimes Hasidic Judaism, ("hasidut", Ashkenazi pronunciation : [asidus]; originally, "piety") is a Jewish religious sect. It arose as a spiritual revival movement in contemporary Western Ukraine during the 18th century and spread rapidly through Eastern Europe. Today most affiliates reside in the United States, Israel, and Britain. Israel Ben Eliezer, the "Baal Shem Tov", is regarded as its founding father, and his disciples developed and disseminated it. Current Hasidism is a sub-group within Ultra-Orthodox ("Haredi") Judaism and is noted for its religious conservatism and social seclusion.

text: Hasidism

text: sometimes

text: Hasidic

text: Judaism

text: hasidut

text: Ashkenazi

text: pronunciation

text: asidus

text: originally

text: piety

text: is

text: Jewish

text: religious

text: sect

text: It

text: arose

text: as

text: spiritual

text: revival

text: movement

text: in

text: contemporary

text: Western

text: Ukraine

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: spread

text: rapidly

text: through

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Today

text: most

text: affiliates

text: reside

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Israel

text: and

text: Britain

text: Israel

text: Ben

text: Eliezer

text: the

text: Baal

text: Shem

text: Tov

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: its

text: founding

text: father

text: and

text: his

text: disciples

text: developed

text: and

text: disseminated

text: it

text: Current

text: Hasidism

text: is

text: sub

text: group

text: within

text: Ultra

text: Orthodox

text: Haredi

text: Judaism

text: and

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: religious

text: conservatism

text: and

text: social

text: seclusion

text: Menachem Mendel Schneerson (April 5, 1902 OS  June 12, 1994), known to many as the Rebbe, was a Russian Empire-born American Orthodox Jewish rabbi, and the last Lubavitcher Rebbe. He is considered one of the most influential Jewish leaders of the 20th century.

text: Menachem

text: Mendel

text: Schneerson

text: April

text: OS

text: June

text: known

text: to

text: many

text: as

text: the

text: Rebbe

text: was

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: born

text: American

text: Orthodox

text: Jewish

text: rabbi

text: and

text: the

text: last

text: Lubavitcher

text: Rebbe

text: He

text: is

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: Jewish

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Rebbe or , is a Yiddish word derived from the Hebrew word "rabbi", which means "master, teacher, or mentor". Like the title "rabbi" it refers to teachers of Torah or leaders of Judaism.

text: Rebbe

text: or

text: is

text: Yiddish

text: word

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Hebrew

text: word

text: rabbi

text: which

text: means

text: master

text: teacher

text: or

text: mentor

text: Like

text: the

text: title

text: rabbi

text: it

text: refers

text: to

text: teachers

text: of

text: Torah

text: or

text: leaders

text: of

text: Judaism

text: Rebbetzin or Rabbanit is the title used for the wife of a rabbi, typically from the Orthodox, or Haredi, and Hasidic Jewish groups.

text: Rebbetzin

text: or

text: Rabbanit

text: is

text: the

text: title

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: wife

text: of

text: rabbi

text: typically

text: from

text: the

text: Orthodox

text: or

text: Haredi

text: and

text: Hasidic

text: Jewish

text: groups

question: ethnic_group chaya mushka schneerson

answer: jewish people

text: jewish people