text: John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (October 21, 1917  January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, composer, and singer.

text: John

text: Birks

text: Dizzy

text: Gillespie

text: October

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: trumpeter

text: bandleader

text: composer

text: and

text: singer

text: India Navigation was an American record company and independent record label that specialized in avant-garde jazz in the 1970s and 1980s. It was founded by Bob Cummins, a corporate lawyer who helped jazz musicians with legal matters. Its catalogue included Arthur Blythe, Hamiet Bluiett, Chico Freeman, Cecil McBee, and the Revolutionary Ensemble. In addition to this, some recordings of minimal music, such as Arnold Dreyblatt, Phill Niblock and Joseph Celli, or Tom Johnson, also appeared.

text: India

text: Navigation

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: company

text: and

text: independent

text: record

text: label

text: that

text: specialized

text: in

text: avant

text: garde

text: jazz

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Bob

text: Cummins

text: corporate

text: lawyer

text: who

text: helped

text: jazz

text: musicians

text: with

text: legal

text: matters

text: Its

text: catalogue

text: included

text: Arthur

text: Blythe

text: Hamiet

text: Bluiett

text: Chico

text: Freeman

text: Cecil

text: McBee

text: and

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: Ensemble

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: this

text: some

text: recordings

text: of

text: minimal

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: Arnold

text: Dreyblatt

text: Phill

text: Niblock

text: and

text: Joseph

text: Celli

text: or

text: Tom

text: Johnson

text: also

text: appeared

text: Charles Edward "Charlie" Haden (August 6, 1937  July 11, 2014) was an American jazz double bass player, bandleader, composer and educator known for his deep, warm sound, and whose career spanned more than fifty years. In the late 1950s, Haden was an original member of the ground-breaking Ornette Coleman Quartet.

text: Charles

text: Edward

text: Charlie

text: Haden

text: August

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: double

text: bass

text: player

text: bandleader

text: composer

text: and

text: educator

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: deep

text: warm

text: sound

text: and

text: whose

text: career

text: spanned

text: more

text: than

text: fifty

text: years

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: Haden

text: was

text: an

text: original

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: ground

text: breaking

text: Ornette

text: Coleman

text: Quartet

text: The clarinet is a musical-instrument family belonging to the group known as the woodwind instruments. It has a single-reed mouthpiece, a straight cylindrical tube with an almost cylindrical bore, and a flared bell. A person who plays a clarinet is called a "clarinetist" (sometimes spelled "clarinettist").

text: The

text: clarinet

text: is

text: musical

text: instrument

text: family

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: group

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: woodwind

text: instruments

text: It

text: has

text: single

text: reed

text: mouthpiece

text: straight

text: cylindrical

text: tube

text: with

text: an

text: almost

text: cylindrical

text: bore

text: and

text: flared

text: bell

text: person

text: who

text: plays

text: clarinet

text: is

text: called

text: clarinetist

text: sometimes

text: spelled

text: clarinettist

text: A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or civil parish. The term is used in the United States, Canada, Romania, China and Taiwan. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, county towns have a similar function.

text: county

text: seat

text: is

text: an

text: administrative

text: center

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: or

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: county

text: or

text: civil

text: parish

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Canada

text: Romania

text: China

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Ireland

text: county

text: towns

text: have

text: similar

text: function

text: Free jazz is an approach to jazz music that was first developed in the 1950s and 1960s as musicians attempted to alter, extend, or break down jazz convention, often by discarding fixed chord changes or tempos. Though the music of free jazz composers varied widely, a common feature was dissatisfaction with the limitations of bebop, hard bop, and modal jazz that had developed in the 1940s and 1950s. Often described as avant-garde, free jazz has also been described as an attempt to return jazz to its primitive, often religious, roots and emphasis on collective improvisation.

text: Free

text: jazz

text: is

text: an

text: approach

text: to

text: jazz

text: music

text: that

text: was

text: first

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: as

text: musicians

text: attempted

text: to

text: alter

text: extend

text: or

text: break

text: down

text: jazz

text: convention

text: often

text: by

text: discarding

text: fixed

text: chord

text: changes

text: or

text: tempos

text: Though

text: the

text: music

text: of

text: free

text: jazz

text: composers

text: varied

text: widely

text: common

text: feature

text: was

text: dissatisfaction

text: with

text: the

text: limitations

text: of

text: bebop

text: hard

text: bop

text: and

text: modal

text: jazz

text: that

text: had

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Often

text: described

text: as

text: avant

text: garde

text: free

text: jazz

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: an

text: attempt

text: to

text: return

text: jazz

text: to

text: its

text: primitive

text: often

text: religious

text: roots

text: and

text: emphasis

text: on

text: collective

text: improvisation

text: Lester Bowie (October 11, 1941  November 8, 1999) was an American jazz trumpet player and composer. He was a member of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians and cofounded the Art Ensemble of Chicago.

text: Lester

text: Bowie

text: October

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: trumpet

text: player

text: and

text: composer

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Association

text: for

text: the

text: Advancement

text: of

text: Creative

text: Musicians

text: and

text: cofounded

text: the

text: Art

text: Ensemble

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Cecil Percival Taylor (born March 15, 1929) is an American pianist and poet. Classically trained, Taylor is generally acknowledged as one of the pioneers of free jazz. His music is characterized by an extremely energetic, physical approach, producing complex improvised sounds, frequently involving tone clusters and intricate polyrhythms. His piano technique has been likened to percussion, for example described as "eighty-eight tuned drums" (referring to the number of keys on a standard piano). He has also been described as "like Art Tatum with contemporary-classical leanings".

text: Cecil

text: Percival

text: Taylor

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: pianist

text: and

text: poet

text: Classically

text: trained

text: Taylor

text: is

text: generally

text: acknowledged

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: pioneers

text: of

text: free

text: jazz

text: His

text: music

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: an

text: extremely

text: energetic

text: physical

text: approach

text: producing

text: complex

text: improvised

text: sounds

text: frequently

text: involving

text: tone

text: clusters

text: and

text: intricate

text: polyrhythms

text: His

text: piano

text: technique

text: has

text: been

text: likened

text: to

text: percussion

text: for

text: example

text: described

text: as

text: eighty

text: eight

text: tuned

text: drums

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: keys

text: on

text: standard

text: piano

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: like

text: Art

text: Tatum

text: with

text: contemporary

text: classical

text: leanings

text: Abdullah Ibrahim (born Adolph Johannes Brand on 9 October 1934 and formerly known as Dollar Brand) is a South African pianist and composer. His music reflects many of the musical influences of his childhood in the multicultural port areas of Cape Town, ranging from traditional African songs to the gospel of the AME Church and ragas, to more modern jazz and other Western styles. Ibrahim is considered the leading figure in the subgenre of Cape jazz. Within jazz, his music particularly reflects the influence of Thelonious Monk and Duke Ellington. With his wife, the jazz singer Sathima Bea Benjamin, he is father to the New York underground rapper Jean Grae, as well as to a son, Tsakwe.

text: Abdullah

text: Ibrahim

text: born

text: Adolph

text: Johannes

text: Brand

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Dollar

text: Brand

text: is

text: South

text: African

text: pianist

text: and

text: composer

text: His

text: music

text: reflects

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: musical

text: influences

text: of

text: his

text: childhood

text: in

text: the

text: multicultural

text: port

text: areas

text: of

text: Cape

text: Town

text: ranging

text: from

text: traditional

text: African

text: songs

text: to

text: the

text: gospel

text: of

text: the

text: AME

text: Church

text: and

text: ragas

text: to

text: more

text: modern

text: jazz

text: and

text: other

text: Western

text: styles

text: Ibrahim

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: leading

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: subgenre

text: of

text: Cape

text: jazz

text: Within

text: jazz

text: his

text: music

text: particularly

text: reflects

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Thelonious

text: Monk

text: and

text: Duke

text: Ellington

text: With

text: his

text: wife

text: the

text: jazz

text: singer

text: Sathima

text: Bea

text: Benjamin

text: he

text: is

text: father

text: to

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: underground

text: rapper

text: Jean

text: Grae

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: to

text: son

text: Tsakwe

text: The Monterey Jazz Festival (MJF), in Monterey, California, is one of the longest consecutively running jazz festivals. It debuted on October 3, 1958 and was founded by San Francisco jazz radio broadcaster Jimmy Lyons.

text: The

text: Monterey

text: Jazz

text: Festival

text: MJF

text: in

text: Monterey

text: California

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: consecutively

text: running

text: jazz

text: festivals

text: It

text: debuted

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: San

text: Francisco

text: jazz

text: radio

text: broadcaster

text: Jimmy

text: Lyons

text: A trumpet is a musical instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group contains the instruments with the highest register in the brass family. Trumpet-like instruments have historically been used as signaling devices in battle or hunting, with examples dating back to at least 1500 BC; they began to be used as musical instruments only in the late-14th or early 15th century. Trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands, and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music. They are played by blowing air through almost-closed lips (called the player's embouchure), producing a "buzzing" sound that starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument. Since the late 15th century they have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, usually bent twice into a rounded rectangular shape.

text: trumpet

text: is

text: musical

text: instrument

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: classical

text: and

text: jazz

text: ensembles

text: The

text: trumpet

text: group

text: contains

text: the

text: instruments

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: register

text: in

text: the

text: brass

text: family

text: Trumpet

text: like

text: instruments

text: have

text: historically

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: signaling

text: devices

text: in

text: battle

text: or

text: hunting

text: with

text: examples

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: at

text: least

text: BC

text: they

text: began

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: as

text: musical

text: instruments

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: or

text: early

text: century

text: Trumpets

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: art

text: music

text: styles

text: for

text: instance

text: in

text: orchestras

text: concert

text: bands

text: and

text: jazz

text: ensembles

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: popular

text: music

text: They

text: are

text: played

text: by

text: blowing

text: air

text: through

text: almost

text: closed

text: lips

text: called

text: the

text: player

text: 's

text: embouchure

text: producing

text: buzzing

text: sound

text: that

text: starts

text: standing

text: wave

text: vibration

text: in

text: the

text: air

text: column

text: inside

text: the

text: instrument

text: Since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: they

text: have

text: primarily

text: been

text: constructed

text: of

text: brass

text: tubing

text: usually

text: bent

text: twice

text: into

text: rounded

text: rectangular

text: shape

text: Earle Lavon "Von" Freeman Sr. (October 3, 1923  August 11, 2012) was an American hard bop jazz tenor saxophonist.

text: Earle

text: Lavon

text: Von

text: Freeman

text: Sr

text: October

text: August

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: hard

text: bop

text: jazz

text: tenor

text: saxophonist

text: The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest or simply the Midwest, is one of the four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau, occupying the northern central part of the United States of America. It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984.

text: The

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: American

text: Midwest

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: Midwest

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: geographic

text: regions

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: occupying

text: the

text: northern

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: It

text: was

text: officially

text: named

text: the

text: North

text: Central

text: region

text: by

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: until

text: Samuel Carthorne Rivers (September 25, 1923  December 26, 2011) was an American jazz musician and composer. He performed on soprano and tenor saxophones, bass clarinet, flute, harmonica and piano.

text: Samuel

text: Carthorne

text: Rivers

text: September

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: musician

text: and

text: composer

text: He

text: performed

text: on

text: soprano

text: and

text: tenor

text: saxophones

text: bass

text: clarinet

text: flute

text: harmonica

text: and

text: piano

text: Sun Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, legal name Le Sony'r Ra; May 22, 1914  May 30, 1993) was an American jazz composer, bandleader, piano and synthesizer player, poet and philosopher known for his experimental music, "cosmic" philosophy, prolific output, and theatrical performances. For much of his career, Ra led "The Arkestra", an ensemble with an ever-changing name and flexible line-up.

text: Sun

text: Ra

text: born

text: Herman

text: Poole

text: Blount

text: legal

text: name

text: Le

text: Sony'r

text: Ra

text: May

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: composer

text: bandleader

text: piano

text: and

text: synthesizer

text: player

text: poet

text: and

text: philosopher

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: experimental

text: music

text: cosmic

text: philosophy

text: prolific

text: output

text: and

text: theatrical

text: performances

text: For

text: much

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: Ra

text: led

text: The

text: Arkestra

text: an

text: ensemble

text: with

text: an

text: ever

text: changing

text: name

text: and

text: flexible

text: line

text: up

text: Eleanora Fagan (April 7, 1915  July 17, 1959), professionally known as Billie Holiday, was an American jazz musician and singer-songwriter with a career spanning nearly thirty years. Nicknamed "Lady Day" by her friend and music partner Lester Young, Holiday had a seminal influence on jazz music and pop singing. Her vocal style, strongly inspired by jazz instrumentalists, pioneered a new way of manipulating phrasing and tempo. She was known for her vocal delivery and improvisational skills, which made up for her limited range and lack of formal music education. There were other jazz singers with equal talent, but Holiday had a voice that captured the attention of her audience.

text: Eleanora

text: Fagan

text: April

text: July

text: professionally

text: known

text: as

text: Billie

text: Holiday

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: musician

text: and

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: with

text: career

text: spanning

text: nearly

text: thirty

text: years

text: Nicknamed

text: Lady

text: Day

text: by

text: her

text: friend

text: and

text: music

text: partner

text: Lester

text: Young

text: Holiday

text: had

text: seminal

text: influence

text: on

text: jazz

text: music

text: and

text: pop

text: singing

text: Her

text: vocal

text: style

text: strongly

text: inspired

text: by

text: jazz

text: instrumentalists

text: pioneered

text: new

text: way

text: of

text: manipulating

text: phrasing

text: and

text: tempo

text: She

text: was

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: vocal

text: delivery

text: and

text: improvisational

text: skills

text: which

text: made

text: up

text: for

text: her

text: limited

text: range

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: formal

text: music

text: education

text: There

text: were

text: other

text: jazz

text: singers

text: with

text: equal

text: talent

text: but

text: Holiday

text: had

text: voice

text: that

text: captured

text: the

text: attention

text: of

text: her

text: audience

text: A composer (Latin "compn"; literally "one who puts together") is a person who creates or writes music, which can be vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music (e.g., for solo piano, string quartet, wind quintet or orchestra) or music which combines both instruments and voices (e.g., opera or art song, which is a singer accompanied by a pianist). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written musical notation (e.g., sheet music scores).

text: composer

text: Latin

text: compn

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: puts

text: together

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: creates

text: or

text: writes

text: music

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: vocal

text: music

text: for

text: singer

text: or

text: choir

text: instrumental

text: music

text: e.g.

text: for

text: solo

text: piano

text: string

text: quartet

text: wind

text: quintet

text: or

text: orchestra

text: or

text: music

text: which

text: combines

text: both

text: instruments

text: and

text: voices

text: e.g.

text: opera

text: or

text: art

text: song

text: which

text: is

text: singer

text: accompanied

text: by

text: pianist

text: The

text: core

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: individuals

text: who

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: Western

text: classical

text: music

text: through

text: creation

text: of

text: works

text: expressed

text: in

text: written

text: musical

text: notation

text: e.g.

text: sheet

text: music

text: scores

text: The avant-garde (from French, "advance guard" or "vanguard", literally "fore-guard") are people or works that are experimental, radical, or unorthodox, with respect to art, culture, and society. It may be characterized by nontraditional, aesthetic innovation and initial unacceptability, and it may offer a critique of the relationship between producer and consumer.

text: The

text: avant

text: garde

text: from

text: French

text: advance

text: guard

text: or

text: vanguard

text: literally

text: fore

text: guard

text: are

text: people

text: or

text: works

text: that

text: are

text: experimental

text: radical

text: or

text: unorthodox

text: with

text: respect

text: to

text: art

text: culture

text: and

text: society

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: characterized

text: by

text: nontraditional

text: aesthetic

text: innovation

text: and

text: initial

text: unacceptability

text: and

text: it

text: may

text: offer

text: critique

text: of

text: the

text: relationship

text: between

text: producer

text: and

text: consumer

text: Milwaukee is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States. The county seat of Milwaukee County, it is on Lake Michigan's western shore. Milwaukee's estimated population in 2015 was 600,155. Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the MilwaukeeRacineWaukesha Metropolitan Area with an estimated population of as of 2014. Ranked by estimated 2014 population, Milwaukee is the 31st largest city in the United States.

text: Milwaukee

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Wisconsin

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Milwaukee

text: County

text: it

text: is

text: on

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: 's

text: western

text: shore

text: Milwaukee

text: 's

text: estimated

text: population

text: in

text: was

text: Milwaukee

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: economic

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: MilwaukeeRacineWaukesha

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: Ranked

text: by

text: estimated

text: population

text: Milwaukee

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Pheeroan akLaff (born January 27, 1955) is an American jazz drummer. Pheeroan akLaff began playing in his hometown of Detroit, and Ann Arbor, Michigan, with Travis Biggs, Ars Nova, The Ebony Set, The Last Days, and Rod Lumpkin, recorded with Major Lansky. Moved to New Haven, Connecticut, and formed DejaVu with Dwight Andrews. Debuted with Bill Baron in 1975; followed by tenure in Leo Smith's New Dalta Ahkri.

text: Pheeroan

text: akLaff

text: born

text: January

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: drummer

text: Pheeroan

text: akLaff

text: began

text: playing

text: in

text: his

text: hometown

text: of

text: Detroit

text: and

text: Ann

text: Arbor

text: Michigan

text: with

text: Travis

text: Biggs

text: Ars

text: Nova

text: The

text: Ebony

text: Set

text: The

text: Last

text: Days

text: and

text: Rod

text: Lumpkin

text: recorded

text: with

text: Major

text: Lansky

text: Moved

text: to

text: New

text: Haven

text: Connecticut

text: and

text: formed

text: DejaVu

text: with

text: Dwight

text: Andrews

text: Debuted

text: with

text: Bill

text: Baron

text: in

text: followed

text: by

text: tenure

text: in

text: Leo

text: Smith

text: 's

text: New

text: Dalta

text: Ahkri

text: Bennett Lester "Benny" Carter (August 8, 1907  July 12, 2003) was an American jazz alto saxophonist, clarinetist, trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader. He was a major figure in jazz from the 1930s to the 1990s, and was recognized as such by other jazz musicians who called him "King". Carter performed with major artists from several generations of jazz, and at major festivals, such as his 1958 appearance with Billie Holiday at the Monterey Jazz Festival.

text: Bennett

text: Lester

text: Benny

text: Carter

text: August

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: alto

text: saxophonist

text: clarinetist

text: trumpeter

text: composer

text: arranger

text: and

text: bandleader

text: He

text: was

text: major

text: figure

text: in

text: jazz

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: and

text: was

text: recognized

text: as

text: such

text: by

text: other

text: jazz

text: musicians

text: who

text: called

text: him

text: King

text: Carter

text: performed

text: with

text: major

text: artists

text: from

text: several

text: generations

text: of

text: jazz

text: and

text: at

text: major

text: festivals

text: such

text: as

text: his

text: appearance

text: with

text: Billie

text: Holiday

text: at

text: the

text: Monterey

text: Jazz

text: Festival

text: Arthur "Art" Blakey (October 11, 1919  October 16, 1990) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. He was known as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina after he became a Muslim.

text: Arthur

text: Art

text: Blakey

text: October

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: drummer

text: and

text: bandleader

text: He

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Abdullah

text: Ibn

text: Buhaina

text: after

text: he

text: became

text: Muslim

text: James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933  December 25, 2006) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer and bandleader. The creator of funk music and a major figure of 20th century popular music and dance, he is often referred to as the "Godfather of Soul". In a career that spanned six decades, he influenced the development of several music genres.

text: James

text: Joseph

text: Brown

text: May

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: record

text: producer

text: dancer

text: and

text: bandleader

text: The

text: creator

text: of

text: funk

text: music

text: and

text: major

text: figure

text: of

text: century

text: popular

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: he

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Godfather

text: of

text: Soul

text: In

text: career

text: that

text: spanned

text: six

text: decades

text: he

text: influenced

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: several

text: music

text: genres

text: The Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM) is a non-profit organization, founded in Chicago, Illinois, United States, by pianist/composer Muhal Richard Abrams, pianist Jodie Christian, drummer Steve McCall, and composer Phil Cohran. Early members included Henry Threadgill, Anthony Braxton, Jack DeJohnette, Wadada Leo Smith, Leroy Jenkins, Amina Claudine Myers, Adegoke Steve Colson, Chico Freeman, George Lewis and the Art Ensemble of Chicago: Lester Bowie, Roscoe Mitchell, Joseph Jarman, Famoudou Don Moye, and Malachi Favors. The AACM is devoted "to nurturing, performing, and recording serious, original music," according to its charter. It supports and encourages jazz performers, composers and educators. While founded in the Jazz tradition, the groups outreach and influence has, according to Larry Blumenfeld, "touched nearly all corners of modern music."

text: The

text: Association

text: for

text: the

text: Advancement

text: of

text: Creative

text: Musicians

text: AACM

text: is

text: non

text: profit

text: organization

text: founded

text: in

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: pianist

text: composer

text: Muhal

text: Richard

text: Abrams

text: pianist

text: Jodie

text: Christian

text: drummer

text: Steve

text: McCall

text: and

text: composer

text: Phil

text: Cohran

text: Early

text: members

text: included

text: Henry

text: Threadgill

text: Anthony

text: Braxton

text: Jack

text: DeJohnette

text: Wadada

text: Leo

text: Smith

text: Leroy

text: Jenkins

text: Amina

text: Claudine

text: Myers

text: Adegoke

text: Steve

text: Colson

text: Chico

text: Freeman

text: George

text: Lewis

text: and

text: the

text: Art

text: Ensemble

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Lester

text: Bowie

text: Roscoe

text: Mitchell

text: Joseph

text: Jarman

text: Famoudou

text: Don

text: Moye

text: and

text: Malachi

text: Favors

text: The

text: AACM

text: is

text: devoted

text: to

text: nurturing

text: performing

text: and

text: recording

text: serious

text: original

text: music

text: according

text: to

text: its

text: charter

text: It

text: supports

text: and

text: encourages

text: jazz

text: performers

text: composers

text: and

text: educators

text: While

text: founded

text: in

text: the

text: Jazz

text: tradition

text: the

text: groups

text: outreach

text: and

text: influence

text: has

text: according

text: to

text: Larry

text: Blumenfeld

text: touched

text: nearly

text: all

text: corners

text: of

text: modern

text: music

text: Craig S. Harris (born September 10, 1953) is a jazz trombonist and composer who has been a major figure in the jazz avant-garde movement since his stint with Sun Ra in 1976. Subsequently, Harris has worked with such notable jazz artists as Abdullah Ibrahim, David Murray, Lester Bowie, Cecil Taylor, Sam Rivers, Muhal Richard Abrams and Charlie Haden. Harris has also recorded since 1983 as leader for labels like India Navigation, Soul Note and JMT. For the latter he recorded with two different groups: the Tailgaters Tails was a quintet with clarinetist Don Byron, trumpeter Edward E. J. Allen, Anthony Cox on bass and Pheeroan akLaff on drums. His large ensemble project Cold Sweat was a tribute to the music of James Brown.

text: Craig

text: Harris

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: jazz

text: trombonist

text: and

text: composer

text: who

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: jazz

text: avant

text: garde

text: movement

text: since

text: his

text: stint

text: with

text: Sun

text: Ra

text: in

text: Subsequently

text: Harris

text: has

text: worked

text: with

text: such

text: notable

text: jazz

text: artists

text: as

text: Abdullah

text: Ibrahim

text: David

text: Murray

text: Lester

text: Bowie

text: Cecil

text: Taylor

text: Sam

text: Rivers

text: Muhal

text: Richard

text: Abrams

text: and

text: Charlie

text: Haden

text: Harris

text: has

text: also

text: recorded

text: since

text: as

text: leader

text: for

text: labels

text: like

text: India

text: Navigation

text: Soul

text: Note

text: and

text: JMT

text: For

text: the

text: latter

text: he

text: recorded

text: with

text: two

text: different

text: groups

text: the

text: Tailgaters

text: Tails

text: was

text: quintet

text: with

text: clarinetist

text: Don

text: Byron

text: trumpeter

text: Edward

text: Allen

text: Anthony

text: Cox

text: on

text: bass

text: and

text: Pheeroan

text: akLaff

text: on

text: drums

text: His

text: large

text: ensemble

text: project

text: Cold

text: Sweat

text: was

text: tribute

text: to

text: the

text: music

text: of

text: James

text: Brown

text: Muhal Richard Abrams (born September 19, 1930, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American educator, administrator, composer, arranger, clarinetist, cellist, and jazz pianist in the free jazz medium.

text: Muhal

text: Richard

text: Abrams

text: born

text: September

text: in

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: educator

text: administrator

text: composer

text: arranger

text: clarinetist

text: cellist

text: and

text: jazz

text: pianist

text: in

text: the

text: free

text: jazz

text: medium

text: Eddie Allen ( born July 12 , 1957 ) is a jazz trumpeter and flugelhornist from Milwaukee . He has worked with Muhal Richard Abrams , Lester Bowie , Art Blakey , Benny Carter , Chico Freeman , Craig Harris , and Dizzy Gillespie . He has used several variants of his name on CDs including : E.J. Allen , Eddie E.J. Allen , and E.J. `` Eddie '' Allen . He also works in Rhythm and Blues and Rock . His rendition of Sade Adu 's Smooth Operator earned praise from Lester Bowie .

text: Eddie

text: Allen

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: jazz

text: trumpeter

text: and

text: flugelhornist

text: from

text: Milwaukee

text: He

text: has

text: worked

text: with

text: Muhal

text: Richard

text: Abrams

text: Lester

text: Bowie

text: Art

text: Blakey

text: Benny

text: Carter

text: Chico

text: Freeman

text: Craig

text: Harris

text: and

text: Dizzy

text: Gillespie

text: He

text: has

text: used

text: several

text: variants

text: of

text: his

text: name

text: on

text: CDs

text: including

text: E.J.

text: Allen

text: Eddie

text: E.J.

text: Allen

text: and

text: E.J.

text: Eddie

text: Allen

text: He

text: also

text: works

text: in

text: Rhythm

text: and

text: Blues

text: and

text: Rock

text: His

text: rendition

text: of

text: Sade

text: Adu

text: 's

text: Smooth

text: Operator

text: earned

text: praise

text: from

text: Lester

text: Bowie

text: Chico Freeman (born Earl Lavon Freeman Jr.; July 17, 1949) is a modern jazz tenor saxophonist and trumpeter and son of jazz saxophonist Von Freeman. He began recording as lead musician in 1976 with "Morning Prayer", won the New York Jazz Award in 1979 and earned the Stereo Review Record of the Year in 1981 for his album "The Outside Within".

text: Chico

text: Freeman

text: born

text: Earl

text: Lavon

text: Freeman

text: Jr.

text: July

text: is

text: modern

text: jazz

text: tenor

text: saxophonist

text: and

text: trumpeter

text: and

text: son

text: of

text: jazz

text: saxophonist

text: Von

text: Freeman

text: He

text: began

text: recording

text: as

text: lead

text: musician

text: in

text: with

text: Morning

text: Prayer

text: won

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: Jazz

text: Award

text: in

text: and

text: earned

text: the

text: Stereo

text: Review

text: Record

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: in

text: for

text: his

text: album

text: The

text: Outside

text: Within

text:
Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America and the only one located entirely within the United States. The other four Great Lakes are shared by the U.S. and Canada. It is the second-largest of the Great Lakes by volume and the third-largest by surface area, after Lake Superior and Lake Huron (and is slightly smaller than the U.S. state of West Virginia). To the east, its basin is conjoined with that of Lake Huron through the wide Straits of Mackinac, giving it the same surface elevation as its easterly counterpart; the two are technically a single lake.
Lake Michigan is shared, from west to east, by the U.S. states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. Ports along its shores include, Chicago, Milwaukee, Green Bay, Wisconsin, Gary, Indiana, and Benton Harbor, Michigan. The word "Michigan" originally referred to the lake itself, and is believed to come from the Ojibwa word "mishigami" meaning "great water".
In the earliest European maps of the region, the name of Lake Illinois has been found in addition to that of "Michigan".

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: located

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: other

text: four

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: are

text: shared

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: Canada

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: by

text: volume

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: after

text: Lake

text: Superior

text: and

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: and

text: is

text: slightly

text: smaller

text: than

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: West

text: Virginia

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: its

text: basin

text: is

text: conjoined

text: with

text: that

text: of

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: through

text: the

text: wide

text: Straits

text: of

text: Mackinac

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: same

text: surface

text: elevation

text: as

text: its

text: easterly

text: counterpart

text: the

text: two

text: are

text: technically

text: single

text: lake

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: is

text: shared

text: from

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Wisconsin

text: Illinois

text: Indiana

text: and

text: Michigan

text: Ports

text: along

text: its

text: shores

text: include

text: Chicago

text: Milwaukee

text: Green

text: Bay

text: Wisconsin

text: Gary

text: Indiana

text: and

text: Benton

text: Harbor

text: Michigan

text: The

text: word

text: Michigan

text: originally

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: lake

text: itself

text: and

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: Ojibwa

text: word

text: mishigami

text: meaning

text: great

text: water

text: In

text: the

text: earliest

text: European

text: maps

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Lake

text: Illinois

text: has

text: been

text: found

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: Michigan

text: Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms".

text: Jazz

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: amongst

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: Since

text: the

text: jazz

text: age

text: jazz

text: has

text: become

text: recognized

text: as

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: musical

text: expression

text: It

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: independent

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: musical

text: styles

text: all

text: linked

text: by

text: the

text: common

text: bonds

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: European

text: American

text: musical

text: parentage

text: with

text: performance

text: orientation

text: Jazz

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: swing

text: and

text: blue

text: notes

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: vocals

text: polyrhythms

text: and

text: improvisation

text: Jazz

text: has

text: roots

text: in

text: West

text: African

text: cultural

text: and

text: musical

text: expression

text: and

text: in

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: traditions

text: including

text: blues

text: and

text: ragtime

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: European

text: military

text: band

text: music

text: Although

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: jazz

text: is

text: deeply

text: rooted

text: within

text: the

text: Black

text: experience

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: different

text: cultures

text: have

text: contributed

text: their

text: own

text: experience

text: and

text: styles

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: form

text: as

text: well

text: Intellectuals

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: have

text: hailed

text: jazz

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: original

text: art

text: forms

text: Donald Byron (born November 8, 1958) is an American composer and multi-instrumentalist. He primarily plays clarinet, but has also used bass clarinet and saxophones.

text: Donald

text: Byron

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: composer

text: and

text: multi

text: instrumentalist

text: He

text: primarily

text: plays

text: clarinet

text: but

text: has

text: also

text: used

text: bass

text: clarinet

text: and

text: saxophones

question: occupation eddie allen

answer: jazz musician

text: jazz musician

text: jazz musician


text: Ireland, also described as the Republic of Ireland ('), is a sovereign state in north-western Europe occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, which is located on the eastern part of the island, and whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country's 4.75 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. It is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Celtic Sea to the south, Saint George's Channel to the south-east, and the Irish Sea to the east. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The legislature, the ', consists of a lower house, ', an upper house, ', and an elected President (') who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties. The head of government is the ' (Prime Minister, literally 'Chief', a title not used in English), who is elected by the Dáil and appointed by the President, and appoints other government ministers.

text: Ireland

text: also

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: north

text: western

text: Europe

text: occupying

text: about

text: five

text: sixths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Dublin

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: whose

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: around

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: The

text: state

text: shares

text: its

text: only

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Saint

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: The

text: legislature

text: the

text: consists

text: of

text: lower

text: house

text: an

text: upper

text: house

text: and

text: an

text: elected

text: President

text: who

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: largely

text: ceremonial

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: but

text: with

text: some

text: important

text: powers

text: and

text: duties

text: The

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: is

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: literally

text: Chief

text: title

text: not

text: used

text: in

text: English

text: who

text: is

text: elected

text: by

text: the

text: Dáil

text: and

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: President

text: and

text: appoints

text: other

text: government

text: ministers

text: The Socialist Campaign Group is a left-wing, democratic socialist grouping of Labour Party Members of Parliament in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. It was formed in December 1982 as an alternative Parliamentary left-wing group to the Tribune Group. The Campaign Group, as it is commonly known, is often considered on the hard left of the Labour Party and has been highly critical of New Labour.

text: The

text: Socialist

text: Campaign

text: Group

text: is

text: left

text: wing

text: democratic

text: socialist

text: grouping

text: of

text: Labour

text: Party

text: Members

text: of

text: Parliament

text: in

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: December

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: Parliamentary

text: left

text: wing

text: group

text: to

text: the

text: Tribune

text: Group

text: The

text: Campaign

text: Group

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: commonly

text: known

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: on

text: the

text: hard

text: left

text: of

text: the

text: Labour

text: Party

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: highly

text: critical

text: of

text: New

text: Labour

text: William Michie ( born 24 November 1935 ) is a politician in the United Kingdom . He was Labour Member of Parliament for Sheffield Heeley from 1983 to 2001 , when he stood down . He was a member of the Socialist Campaign Group of MPs .

text: William

text: Michie

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: politician

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: He

text: was

text: Labour

text: Member

text: of

text: Parliament

text: for

text: Sheffield

text: Heeley

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: he

text: stood

text: down

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Campaign

text: Group

text: of

text: MPs

text: New Labour refers to a period in the history of the British Labour Party from the mid-1990s to the early 2010s, under leaders Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. The name dates from a conference slogan first used by the party in 1994 which was later seen in a draft manifesto published in 1996, called "New Labour, New Life for Britain". It was presented as the brand of a newly reformed party that had altered Clause IV and endorsed market economics. The branding was extensively used while the party was in government, between 1997 and 2010. New Labour won landslide election victories in 1997 and 2001, and won again in 2005. In 2007, Blair resigned as the party's leader and was succeeded by Gordon Brown. Labour lost the 2010 general election, which resulted in a hung parliament and led to the creation of a ConservativeLiberal Democrat coalition government; Gordon Brown resigned as Prime Minister, and as Labour leader shortly thereafter. He was succeeded by Ed Miliband after that year's leadership election.

text: New

text: Labour

text: refers

text: to

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Labour

text: Party

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: under

text: leaders

text: Tony

text: Blair

text: and

text: Gordon

text: Brown

text: The

text: name

text: dates

text: from

text: conference

text: slogan

text: first

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: party

text: in

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: seen

text: in

text: draft

text: manifesto

text: published

text: in

text: called

text: New

text: Labour

text: New

text: Life

text: for

text: Britain

text: It

text: was

text: presented

text: as

text: the

text: brand

text: of

text: newly

text: reformed

text: party

text: that

text: had

text: altered

text: Clause

text: IV

text: and

text: endorsed

text: market

text: economics

text: The

text: branding

text: was

text: extensively

text: used

text: while

text: the

text: party

text: was

text: in

text: government

text: between

text: and

text: New

text: Labour

text: won

text: landslide

text: election

text: victories

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: won

text: again

text: in

text: In

text: Blair

text: resigned

text: as

text: the

text: party

text: 's

text: leader

text: and

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: Gordon

text: Brown

text: Labour

text: lost

text: the

text: general

text: election

text: which

text: resulted

text: in

text: hung

text: parliament

text: and

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: ConservativeLiberal

text: Democrat

text: coalition

text: government

text: Gordon

text: Brown

text: resigned

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: and

text: as

text: Labour

text: leader

text: shortly

text: thereafter

text: He

text: was

text: succeeded

text: by

text: Ed

text: Miliband

text: after

text: that

text: year

text: 's

text: leadership

text: election

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Northern Ireland (; Ulster Scots: "") is a top-level constituent unit of the United Kingdom in the northeast of Ireland. It is variously described as a country, province, region, or "part" of the United Kingdom, amongst other terms. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to "put forward views and proposals" with "determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments".

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Ulster

text: Scots

text: is

text: top

text: level

text: constituent

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: Ireland

text: It

text: is

text: variously

text: described

text: as

text: country

text: province

text: region

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: amongst

text: other

text: terms

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: shares

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: with

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: In

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: constituting

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: and

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: population

text: Established

text: by

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Act

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Good

text: Friday

text: Agreement

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Assembly

text: holds

text: responsibility

text: for

text: range

text: of

text: devolved

text: policy

text: matters

text: while

text: other

text: areas

text: are

text: reserved

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: co

text: operates

text: with

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: and

text: the

text: Agreement

text: granted

text: the

text: Republic

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: put

text: forward

text: views

text: and

text: proposals

text: with

text: determined

text: efforts

text: to

text: resolve

text: disagreements

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: governments

text: The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800. The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands. It did not include Ireland, which remained a separate realm. The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster. The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I, bringing about a "Union of the Crowns". Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714, the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: officially

text: Great

text: Britain

text: was

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: December

text: The

text: state

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: following

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Union

text: in

text: ratified

text: by

text: the

text: Acts

text: of

text: Union

text: which

text: united

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: to

text: form

text: single

text: kingdom

text: encompassing

text: the

text: whole

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: its

text: outlying

text: islands

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: Ireland

text: which

text: remained

text: separate

text: realm

text: The

text: unitary

text: state

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: single

text: parliament

text: and

text: government

text: that

text: was

text: based

text: in

text: Westminster

text: The

text: former

text: kingdoms

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: since

text: James

text: VI

text: King

text: of

text: Scots

text: became

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: King

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: bringing

text: about

text: Union

text: of

text: the

text: Crowns

text: Also

text: after

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: George

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: in

text: the

text: kingdom

text: was

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: with

text: the

text: Electorate

text: of

text: Hanover

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: member_of_political_party bill michie

answer: labour party

text: labour party

text: labour party

text: labour party