text: Northern Italy is a cultural and geographical region, without any administrative purpose, used to indicate the northern part of the Italian state, also informally referred as "Il Nord", "Settentrione" or "Alta Italia". It consists of 8 regions in northern Italy: Aosta Valley, Piedmont, Liguria, Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol. According to the 2011 census, its population was 27,213,372. For statistic purposes, the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica (ISTAT) uses the term Northwest Italy and Northeast Italy for identifying two of the five statistical regions in its reporting. These same subdivisions are used to demarcate first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS) regions ("NUTS 1 regions") within the European Union, and the Italian constituencies for the European Parliament.

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: is

text: cultural

text: and

text: geographical

text: region

text: without

text: any

text: administrative

text: purpose

text: used

text: to

text: indicate

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: state

text: also

text: informally

text: referred

text: as

text: Il

text: Nord

text: Settentrione

text: or

text: Alta

text: Italia

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: regions

text: in

text: northern

text: Italy

text: Aosta

text: Valley

text: Piedmont

text: Liguria

text: Lombardy

text: Emilia

text: Romagna

text: Veneto

text: Friuli

text: Venezia

text: Giulia

text: Trentino

text: Alto

text: Adige

text: Südtirol

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: For

text: statistic

text: purposes

text: the

text: Istituto

text: Nazionale

text: di

text: Statistica

text: ISTAT

text: uses

text: the

text: term

text: Northwest

text: Italy

text: and

text: Northeast

text: Italy

text: for

text: identifying

text: two

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: statistical

text: regions

text: in

text: its

text: reporting

text: These

text: same

text: subdivisions

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: demarcate

text: first

text: level

text: Nomenclature

text: of

text: Territorial

text: Units

text: for

text: Statistics

text: NUTS

text: regions

text: NUTS

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: Italian

text: constituencies

text: for

text: the

text: European

text: Parliament

text: Claudius Silvanus ( died 7 September 355 ) was a Roman general of Frankish descent , usurper in Gaul against Emperor Constantius II for 28 days in AD 355 .

text: Claudius

text: Silvanus

text: died

text: September

text: was

text: Roman

text: general

text: of

text: Frankish

text: descent

text: usurper

text: in

text: Gaul

text: against

text: Emperor

text: Constantius

text: II

text: for

text: days

text: in

text: AD

text: Constans (c. 323  350) or Constans I was Roman Emperor from 337 to 350. He defeated his brother Constantine II in 340, but anger in the army over his personal life and preference for his barbarian bodyguards led the general Magnentius to rebel, resulting in the assassination of Constans in 350.

text: Constans

text: or

text: Constans

text: was

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: defeated

text: his

text: brother

text: Constantine

text: II

text: in

text: but

text: anger

text: in

text: the

text: army

text: over

text: his

text: personal

text: life

text: and

text: preference

text: for

text: his

text: barbarian

text: bodyguards

text: led

text: the

text: general

text: Magnentius

text: to

text: rebel

text: resulting

text: in

text: the

text: assassination

text: of

text: Constans

text: in

text: Noricum is the Latin name for a Celtic kingdom, or federation of tribes, that included most of modern Austria and part of Slovenia. In the first century AD, it became a province of the Roman Empire. Its borders were the Danube to the north, "Raetia" and "Vindelicia" to the west, Pannonia to the east and southeast, and "Italia" ("Venetia et Histria") to the south. The kingdom was founded around 400 BC, and had its capital at the royal residence at Virunum on the Magdalensberg.

text: Noricum

text: is

text: the

text: Latin

text: name

text: for

text: Celtic

text: kingdom

text: or

text: federation

text: of

text: tribes

text: that

text: included

text: most

text: of

text: modern

text: Austria

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: Slovenia

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: century

text: AD

text: it

text: became

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Its

text: borders

text: were

text: the

text: Danube

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Raetia

text: and

text: Vindelicia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Pannonia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: and

text: Italia

text: Venetia

text: et

text: Histria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: kingdom

text: was

text: founded

text: around

text: BC

text: and

text: had

text: its

text: capital

text: at

text: the

text: royal

text: residence

text: at

text: Virunum

text: on

text: the

text: Magdalensberg

text: Gaius Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC  15 March 44 BC), known as Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

text: Gaius

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: July

text: BC

text: March

text: BC

text: known

text: as

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: Roman

text: politician

text: general

text: and

text: notable

text: author

text: of

text: Latin

text: prose

text: He

text: played

text: critical

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: events

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: demise

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text:
Gaul (Latin: "Gallia") was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands, Central Italy and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine. It covered an area of 190,800 mi² or 494,169 km². According to the testimony of Julius Caesar, Gaul was divided into three parts: Gallia Celtica, Belgica and Aquitania.
Archaeologically, the Gauls were bearers of the La Tène culture, which extended across all of Gaul, as well as east to Raetia, Noricum, Pannonia and southwestern Germania during the 5th to 1st centuries BC.
During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, Gaul fell under Roman rule: Gallia Cisalpina was conquered in 203 BC and Gallia Narbonensis in 123 BC. Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons, who were in turn defeated by the Romans by 103 BC. Julius Caesar finally subdued the remaining parts of Gaul in his campaigns of 58 to 51 BC.

text: Gaul

text: Latin

text: Gallia

text: was

text: region

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: that

text: was

text: inhabited

text: by

text: Celtic

text: tribes

text: encompassing

text: present

text: day

text: France

text: Luxembourg

text: Belgium

text: most

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Central

text: Italy

text: and

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: It

text: covered

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: or

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: testimony

text: of

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Gaul

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: parts

text: Gallia

text: Celtica

text: Belgica

text: and

text: Aquitania

text: Archaeologically

text: the

text: Gauls

text: were

text: bearers

text: of

text: the

text: La

text: Tène

text: culture

text: which

text: extended

text: across

text: all

text: of

text: Gaul

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: east

text: to

text: Raetia

text: Noricum

text: Pannonia

text: and

text: southwestern

text: Germania

text: during

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Gaul

text: fell

text: under

text: Roman

text: rule

text: Gallia

text: Cisalpina

text: was

text: conquered

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: Gallia

text: Narbonensis

text: in

text: BC

text: Gaul

text: was

text: invaded

text: after

text: BC

text: by

text: the

text: Cimbri

text: and

text: the

text: Teutons

text: who

text: were

text: in

text: turn

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: by

text: BC

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: finally

text: subdued

text: the

text: remaining

text: parts

text: of

text: Gaul

text: in

text: his

text: campaigns

text: of

text: to

text: BC

text: Constantius II (7 August 317  3 November 361) was Roman Emperor from 337 to 361. The second son of Constantine I and Fausta, he ascended to the throne with his brothers Constantine II and Constans upon their father's death.

text: Constantius

text: II

text: August

text: November

text: was

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: second

text: son

text: of

text: Constantine

text: and

text: Fausta

text: he

text: ascended

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: with

text: his

text: brothers

text: Constantine

text: II

text: and

text: Constans

text: upon

text: their

text: father

text: 's

text: death

text:
The Rhine (, , ) is a European river that begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps, forms part of the
Swiss-Austrian, Swiss-Liechtenstein, Swiss-German and then the Franco-German border, then flows through the Rhineland and eventually empties into the North Sea in the Netherlands.
The largest city on the river Rhine is Cologne, Germany, with a population of more than 1,050,000 people. It is the second-longest river in Central and Western Europe (after the Danube), at about , with an average discharge of about .

text: The

text: Rhine

text: is

text: European

text: river

text: that

text: begins

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Graubünden

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Austrian

text: Swiss

text: Liechtenstein

text: Swiss

text: German

text: and

text: then

text: the

text: Franco

text: German

text: border

text: then

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: Rhineland

text: and

text: eventually

text: empties

text: into

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: largest

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Rhine

text: is

text: Cologne

text: Germany

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: Central

text: and

text: Western

text: Europe

text: after

text: the

text: Danube

text: at

text: about

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: discharge

text: of

text: about

text: Raetia (or , , also spelled Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, named after the Rhaetian ("Raeti" or "Rhaeti") people. It bordered on the west with the country of the Helvetii, on the east with Noricum, on the north with Vindelicia, on the west with Transalpine Gaul and on south with Venetia et Histria. It thus comprised the districts occupied in modern times by eastern and central Switzerland (containing the Upper Rhine and Lake Constance), southern Bavaria and the Upper Swabia, Vorarlberg, the greater part of Tirol, and part of Lombardy. Later Vindelicia (today south-eastern Wuerttemberg and south-western Bavaria) formed part of Raetia. The northern border of Raetia during the times of Augustus and Tiberius was the River Danube. Later the Limes Germanicus marked the northern boundary, stretching for 166 km north of the Danube. Raetia linked to Italy across the Alps over the Reschen Pass, by the Via Claudia Augusta. The Romansh people living in Southeast Switzerland are believed to be direct descendants of the Raetians. However, the exact lineage of the Romansh (or Romansch) people remains incomplete.

text: Raetia

text: or

text: also

text: spelled

text: Rhaetia

text: was

text: province

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Rhaetian

text: Raeti

text: or

text: Rhaeti

text: people

text: It

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: with

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Helvetii

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: with

text: Noricum

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: with

text: Vindelicia

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: with

text: Transalpine

text: Gaul

text: and

text: on

text: south

text: with

text: Venetia

text: et

text: Histria

text: It

text: thus

text: comprised

text: the

text: districts

text: occupied

text: in

text: modern

text: times

text: by

text: eastern

text: and

text: central

text: Switzerland

text: containing

text: the

text: Upper

text: Rhine

text: and

text: Lake

text: Constance

text: southern

text: Bavaria

text: and

text: the

text: Upper

text: Swabia

text: Vorarlberg

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: Tirol

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: Lombardy

text: Later

text: Vindelicia

text: today

text: south

text: eastern

text: Wuerttemberg

text: and

text: south

text: western

text: Bavaria

text: formed

text: part

text: of

text: Raetia

text: The

text: northern

text: border

text: of

text: Raetia

text: during

text: the

text: times

text: of

text: Augustus

text: and

text: Tiberius

text: was

text: the

text: River

text: Danube

text: Later

text: the

text: Limes

text: Germanicus

text: marked

text: the

text: northern

text: boundary

text: stretching

text: for

text: km

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Danube

text: Raetia

text: linked

text: to

text: Italy

text: across

text: the

text: Alps

text: over

text: the

text: Reschen

text: Pass

text: by

text: the

text: Via

text: Claudia

text: Augusta

text: The

text: Romansh

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Switzerland

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: direct

text: descendants

text: of

text: the

text: Raetians

text: However

text: the

text: exact

text: lineage

text: of

text: the

text: Romansh

text: or

text: Romansch

text: people

text: remains

text: incomplete

text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: Flavia Maxima Fausta (289326) was a Roman Empress, daughter of the Roman Emperor Maximianus. To seal the alliance between them for control of the Tetrarchy, in 307 Maximianus married her to Constantine I, who set aside his wife Minervina in her favour. Constantine and Fausta had been betrothed since 293.

text: Flavia

text: Maxima

text: Fausta

text: was

text: Roman

text: Empress

text: daughter

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: Maximianus

text: To

text: seal

text: the

text: alliance

text: between

text: them

text: for

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Tetrarchy

text: in

text: Maximianus

text: married

text: her

text: to

text: Constantine

text: who

text: set

text: aside

text: his

text: wife

text: Minervina

text: in

text: her

text: favour

text: Constantine

text: and

text: Fausta

text: had

text: been

text: betrothed

text: since

text: Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.

text: Belgium

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: France

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: which

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Straddling

text: the

text: cultural

text: boundary

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Latin

text: Europe

text: Belgium

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: main

text: linguistic

text: groups

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Flemish

text: community

text: which

text: constitutes

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Walloon

text: population

text: which

text: comprises

text: of

text: all

text: Belgians

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Cantons

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: High

text: Fens

text: area

text: and

text: bordering

text: Germany

text: The La Tène culture was a European Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland, where thousands of objects had been deposited in the lake, as was discovered after the water level dropped in 1857. La Tène is the type site and the term archaeologists use for the later period of the culture and art of the ancient Celts, a term that is firmly entrenched in the popular understanding, but presents numerous problems for historians and archaeologists. The culture became very widespread, and presents a wide variety of local differences. It is often distinguished from earlier and neighbouring cultures mainly by the La Tène style of Celtic art, characterized by curving "swirly" decoration, especially of metalwork.

text: The

text: La

text: Tène

text: culture

text: was

text: European

text: Iron

text: Age

text: culture

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: archaeological

text: site

text: of

text: La

text: Tène

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: side

text: of

text: Lake

text: Neuchâtel

text: in

text: Switzerland

text: where

text: thousands

text: of

text: objects

text: had

text: been

text: deposited

text: in

text: the

text: lake

text: as

text: was

text: discovered

text: after

text: the

text: water

text: level

text: dropped

text: in

text: La

text: Tène

text: is

text: the

text: type

text: site

text: and

text: the

text: term

text: archaeologists

text: use

text: for

text: the

text: later

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: culture

text: and

text: art

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Celts

text: term

text: that

text: is

text: firmly

text: entrenched

text: in

text: the

text: popular

text: understanding

text: but

text: presents

text: numerous

text: problems

text: for

text: historians

text: and

text: archaeologists

text: The

text: culture

text: became

text: very

text: widespread

text: and

text: presents

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: local

text: differences

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: distinguished

text: from

text: earlier

text: and

text: neighbouring

text: cultures

text: mainly

text: by

text: the

text: La

text: Tène

text: style

text: of

text: Celtic

text: art

text: characterized

text: by

text: curving

text: swirly

text: decoration

text: especially

text: of

text: metalwork

text: The Iron Age is an archaeological era, referring to a period of time in the prehistory and protohistory of the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) when the dominant toolmaking material was iron. It is commonly preceded by the Bronze Age in Europe and Asia with exceptions and the Stone Age in Africa. Meteoric iron has been used by humans since at least 3200 BC, but ancient iron production did not become widespread until the ability to smelt iron ore, remove impurities and regulate the amount of carbon in the alloy were developed. The start of the Iron Age proper is considered by many to fall between around 1200 BC to 600 BC, depending on the region. In most parts of the world, its end is defined by the widespread adoption of writing, and therefore marks the transition from prehistory to history.

text: The

text: Iron

text: Age

text: is

text: an

text: archaeological

text: era

text: referring

text: to

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: prehistory

text: and

text: protohistory

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: when

text: the

text: dominant

text: toolmaking

text: material

text: was

text: iron

text: It

text: is

text: commonly

text: preceded

text: by

text: the

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: with

text: exceptions

text: and

text: the

text: Stone

text: Age

text: in

text: Africa

text: Meteoric

text: iron

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: by

text: humans

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: BC

text: but

text: ancient

text: iron

text: production

text: did

text: not

text: become

text: widespread

text: until

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: smelt

text: iron

text: ore

text: remove

text: impurities

text: and

text: regulate

text: the

text: amount

text: of

text: carbon

text: in

text: the

text: alloy

text: were

text: developed

text: The

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: proper

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: to

text: fall

text: between

text: around

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: In

text: most

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: its

text: end

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: widespread

text: adoption

text: of

text: writing

text: and

text: therefore

text: marks

text: the

text: transition

text: from

text: prehistory

text: to

text: history

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman Empire during the imperial period (starting in 27 BC). The emperors used a variety of different titles throughout history. Often when a given Roman is described as becoming "emperor" in English, it reflects his taking of the title "Augustus" or "Caesar". Another title often used was "imperator", originally a military honorific. Early Emperors also used the title "princeps" (first citizen). Emperors frequently amassed republican titles, notably "Princeps Senatus", "Consul" and "Pontifex Maximus".

text: The

text: Roman

text: emperor

text: was

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: during

text: the

text: imperial

text: period

text: starting

text: in

text: BC

text: The

text: emperors

text: used

text: variety

text: of

text: different

text: titles

text: throughout

text: history

text: Often

text: when

text: given

text: Roman

text: is

text: described

text: as

text: becoming

text: emperor

text: in

text: English

text: it

text: reflects

text: his

text: taking

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: Augustus

text: or

text: Caesar

text: Another

text: title

text: often

text: used

text: was

text: imperator

text: originally

text: military

text: honorific

text: Early

text: Emperors

text: also

text: used

text: the

text: title

text: princeps

text: first

text: citizen

text: Emperors

text: frequently

text: amassed

text: republican

text: titles

text: notably

text: Princeps

text: Senatus

text: Consul

text: and

text: Pontifex

text: Maximus

text: The Cimbri were an ancient people, either Germanic or Celtic who, together with the Teutones and the Ambrones, fought the Roman Republic between 113 and 101 BC. The Cimbri were initially successful, particularly at the Battle of Arausio, in which a large Roman army was routed, after which they raided large areas in Gaul and Hispania. In 101 BC, during an attempted invasion of Italy, the Cimbri were decisively defeated by Gaius Marius, and their king, Boiorix, was killed. Some of the surviving captives are reported to have been among the rebelling Gladiators in the Third Servile War.

text: The

text: Cimbri

text: were

text: an

text: ancient

text: people

text: either

text: Germanic

text: or

text: Celtic

text: who

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Teutones

text: and

text: the

text: Ambrones

text: fought

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: between

text: and

text: BC

text: The

text: Cimbri

text: were

text: initially

text: successful

text: particularly

text: at

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Arausio

text: in

text: which

text: large

text: Roman

text: army

text: was

text: routed

text: after

text: which

text: they

text: raided

text: large

text: areas

text: in

text: Gaul

text: and

text: Hispania

text: In

text: BC

text: during

text: an

text: attempted

text: invasion

text: of

text: Italy

text: the

text: Cimbri

text: were

text: decisively

text: defeated

text: by

text: Gaius

text: Marius

text: and

text: their

text: king

text: Boiorix

text: was

text: killed

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: surviving

text: captives

text: are

text: reported

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: among

text: the

text: rebelling

text: Gladiators

text: in

text: the

text: Third

text: Servile

text: War

question: date_of_birth claudius silvanus

answer: 400


text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of . Wales has over of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.

text: Wales

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: had

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Wales

text: has

text: over

text: of

text: coastline

text: and

text: is

text: largely

text: mountainous

text: with

text: its

text: higher

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: central

text: areas

text: including

text: Snowdon

text: its

text: highest

text: summit

text: The

text: country

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: north

text: temperate

text: zone

text: and

text: has

text: changeable

text: maritime

text: climate

text: The Isles of Scilly (or "") are an archipelago off the south western tip of the Cornish peninsula of Great Britain. It is the southernmost location in England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most westerly in England.

text: The

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: or

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: off

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: Cornish

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: location

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: westerly

text: in

text: England

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Rugby union, or simply rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line.

text: Rugby

text: union

text: or

text: simply

text: rugby

text: is

text: contact

text: team

text: sport

text: which

text: originated

text: in

text: England

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: codes

text: of

text: rugby

text: football

text: it

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: running

text: with

text: the

text: ball

text: in

text: hand

text: In

text: its

text: most

text: common

text: form

text: game

text: is

text: between

text: two

text: teams

text: of

text: players

text: using

text: an

text: oval

text: shaped

text: ball

text: on

text: rectangular

text: field

text: with

text: shaped

text: goalposts

text: on

text: each

text: try

text: line

text: Northampton Saints are a professional rugby union club from Northampton, England. They were formed in 1880, and play in black, green, and gold colours. The team play their home games at Franklin's Gardens, which has a capacity of 15,500. Their biggest rivals are Leicester Tigers. "The East Midlands Derby" is one of the fiercest rivalries in English Rugby Union.

text: Northampton

text: Saints

text: are

text: professional

text: rugby

text: union

text: club

text: from

text: Northampton

text: England

text: They

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: and

text: play

text: in

text: black

text: green

text: and

text: gold

text: colours

text: The

text: team

text: play

text: their

text: home

text: games

text: at

text: Franklin

text: 's

text: Gardens

text: which

text: has

text: capacity

text: of

text: Their

text: biggest

text: rivals

text: are

text: Leicester

text: Tigers

text: The

text: East

text: Midlands

text: Derby

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fiercest

text: rivalries

text: in

text: English

text: Rugby

text: Union

text: Courtney Lawes ( born 23 February 1989 in Hackney , England ) is a professional rugby player for Northampton Saints , who play in the Aviva Premiership . Lawes is a versatile player , and can play either in the second or back row . Lawes grew up near Northampton . Lawes is a product of Northampton Old Scouts , the same club that produced his former team mate Rob Milligan as well as Ben Cohen and Steve Thompson , amongst others . Lawes has won England representative honours for the U18 and U20 sides and won his first senior cap against Australia in November 2009 .

text: Courtney

text: Lawes

text: born

text: February

text: in

text: Hackney

text: England

text: is

text: professional

text: rugby

text: player

text: for

text: Northampton

text: Saints

text: who

text: play

text: in

text: the

text: Aviva

text: Premiership

text: Lawes

text: is

text: versatile

text: player

text: and

text: can

text: play

text: either

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: or

text: back

text: row

text: Lawes

text: grew

text: up

text: near

text: Northampton

text: Lawes

text: is

text: product

text: of

text: Northampton

text: Old

text: Scouts

text: the

text: same

text: club

text: that

text: produced

text: his

text: former

text: team

text: mate

text: Rob

text: Milligan

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Ben

text: Cohen

text: and

text: Steve

text: Thompson

text: amongst

text: others

text: Lawes

text: has

text: won

text: England

text: representative

text: honours

text: for

text: the

text: and

text: sides

text: and

text: won

text: his

text: first

text: senior

text: cap

text: against

text: Australia

text: in

text: November

text: Leicester Tigers (officially Leicester Football Club) is an English rugby union club based in Leicester, England that plays in the English Premiership.

text: Leicester

text: Tigers

text: officially

text: Leicester

text: Football

text: Club

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: rugby

text: union

text: club

text: based

text: in

text: Leicester

text: England

text: that

text: plays

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: Premiership

text: Northampton is the county town of Northamptonshire in the East Midlands of England. It lies on the River Nene, about north-west of London and south-east of Birmingham. One of the largest towns in the UK, Northampton had a population of 212,100 in the 2011 census.

text: Northampton

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Northamptonshire

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Midlands

text: of

text: England

text: It

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Nene

text: about

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Birmingham

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: towns

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Northampton

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: The River Nene or -see below) is a river in the east of England that rises from three sources in the county of Northamptonshire. The tidal river forms the border between Cambridgeshire and Norfolk for about . It is the tenth longest river in the United Kingdom, and is navigable for from Northampton to The Wash.

text: The

text: River

text: Nene

text: or

text: -see

text: below

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: England

text: that

text: rises

text: from

text: three

text: sources

text: in

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Northamptonshire

text: The

text: tidal

text: river

text: forms

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: Cambridgeshire

text: and

text: Norfolk

text: for

text: about

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: is

text: navigable

text: for

text: from

text: Northampton

text: to

text: The

text: Wash.

text: Birmingham is a major city and metropolitan borough of West Midlands, England. It is the largest and most populous British city outside London, with a population in 2014 of 1,101,360. The city is in the West Midlands Built-up Area, the third most populous urban area in the United Kingdom, with a population of 2,440,986 at the 2011 census. Birmingham's metropolitan area is the second most populous in the UK with a population of 3.8 million. This also makes Birmingham the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Europe.

text: Birmingham

text: is

text: major

text: city

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: borough

text: of

text: West

text: Midlands

text: England

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: British

text: city

text: outside

text: London

text: with

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Midlands

text: Built

text: up

text: Area

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: Birmingham

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: This

text: also

text: makes

text: Birmingham

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: Europe

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Franklin's Gardens is a purpose-built rugby stadium in Northampton, England. It is the home stadium of Northampton Saints. The stadium holds 15,249 people. The four stands are: Tetleys Stand; Burrda Stand; Church's Stand; and Barwell Stand. It is also a Northampton conference centre as well as the only UK Aviva Premiership Rugby ground with its own cenotaph, the setting for a moving ceremony every Remembrance Weekend.

text: Franklin

text: 's

text: Gardens

text: is

text: purpose

text: built

text: rugby

text: stadium

text: in

text: Northampton

text: England

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: home

text: stadium

text: of

text: Northampton

text: Saints

text: The

text: stadium

text: holds

text: people

text: The

text: four

text: stands

text: are

text: Tetleys

text: Stand

text: Burrda

text: Stand

text: Church

text: 's

text: Stand

text: and

text: Barwell

text: Stand

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: Northampton

text: conference

text: centre

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: UK

text: Aviva

text: Premiership

text: Rugby

text: ground

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: cenotaph

text: the

text: setting

text: for

text: moving

text: ceremony

text: every

text: Remembrance

text: Weekend

text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: Rob Milligan (born 17 April 1990 in Northampton, Northamptonshire, England) was a rugby union player for Northampton Saints in the Guinness Premiership. He played as a number 8. Like many Northampton Saints players, he began his career at Northampton Old Scouts RFC, like his former team-mate Courtney Lawes.

text: Rob

text: Milligan

text: born

text: April

text: in

text: Northampton

text: Northamptonshire

text: England

text: was

text: rugby

text: union

text: player

text: for

text: Northampton

text: Saints

text: in

text: the

text: Guinness

text: Premiership

text: He

text: played

text: as

text: number

text: Like

text: many

text: Northampton

text: Saints

text: players

text: he

text: began

text: his

text: career

text: at

text: Northampton

text: Old

text: Scouts

text: RFC

text: like

text: his

text: former

text: team

text: mate

text: Courtney

text: Lawes

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: sport courtney lawes

answer: rugby union

text: rugby union

text: rugby union

text: rugby union

text: rugby union

text: rugby union


text: A diplomat is a person appointed by a state to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or international organisations. The main functions of diplomats are: representation and protection of the interests and nationals of the sending state; initiation and facilitation of strategic agreements; treaties and conventions; promotion of information; trade and commerce; technology; and friendly relations. Seasoned diplomats of international repute are used in international organisations (e.g. United Nations) as well as multinational companies for their experience in management and negotiating skills. Diplomats are members of foreign services and diplomatic corps of various nations of the world.

text: diplomat

text: is

text: person

text: appointed

text: by

text: state

text: to

text: conduct

text: diplomacy

text: with

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: other

text: states

text: or

text: international

text: organisations

text: The

text: main

text: functions

text: of

text: diplomats

text: are

text: representation

text: and

text: protection

text: of

text: the

text: interests

text: and

text: nationals

text: of

text: the

text: sending

text: state

text: initiation

text: and

text: facilitation

text: of

text: strategic

text: agreements

text: treaties

text: and

text: conventions

text: promotion

text: of

text: information

text: trade

text: and

text: commerce

text: technology

text: and

text: friendly

text: relations

text: Seasoned

text: diplomats

text: of

text: international

text: repute

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: international

text: organisations

text: e.g.

text: United

text: Nations

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: multinational

text: companies

text: for

text: their

text: experience

text: in

text: management

text: and

text: negotiating

text: skills

text: Diplomats

text: are

text: members

text: of

text: foreign

text: services

text: and

text: diplomatic

text: corps

text: of

text: various

text: nations

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: The Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP) was a Protestant Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1879 by Abraham Kuyper, a theologian and minister. In 1980 the party merged with the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the Christian Historical Union (CHU) to form the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

text: The

text: Anti

text: Revolutionary

text: Party

text: ARP

text: was

text: Protestant

text: Christian

text: democratic

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: party

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Abraham

text: Kuyper

text: theologian

text: and

text: minister

text: In

text: the

text: party

text: merged

text: with

text: the

text: Catholic

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: KVP

text: and

text: the

text: Christian

text: Historical

text: Union

text: CHU

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Christian

text: Democratic

text: Appeal

text: CDA

text: The Christian Historical Union (CHU) was a Protestant Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CHU is one of the predecessors of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), into which it merged in September 1980.

text: The

text: Christian

text: Historical

text: Union

text: CHU

text: was

text: Protestant

text: Christian

text: democratic

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The

text: CHU

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: predecessors

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: Democratic

text: Appeal

text: CDA

text: into

text: which

text: it

text: merged

text: in

text: September

text: The North Atlantic Council (NAC) is the principal political decision-making body of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), consisting of Permanent Representatives from its member countries. It was established by of the North Atlantic Treaty and it is the only body in NATO that derives its authority explicitly from the Treaty.

text: The

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Council

text: NAC

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: political

text: decision

text: making

text: body

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: consisting

text: of

text: Permanent

text: Representatives

text: from

text: its

text: member

text: countries

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: body

text: in

text: NATO

text: that

text: derives

text: its

text: authority

text: explicitly

text: from

text: the

text: Treaty

text: The Christian Democratic Appeal (; CDA) is a Christian-democratic political party in the Netherlands founded in 1977, which participated in all but three governments since then. It was a merger from the Catholic People's Party (which through its antecedents had been part of every government since 1918), the Anti-Revolutionary Party and the Christian Historical Union.

text: The

text: Christian

text: Democratic

text: Appeal

text: CDA

text: is

text: Christian

text: democratic

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: founded

text: in

text: which

text: participated

text: in

text: all

text: but

text: three

text: governments

text: since

text: then

text: It

text: was

text: merger

text: from

text: the

text: Catholic

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: which

text: through

text: its

text: antecedents

text: had

text: been

text: part

text: of

text: every

text: government

text: since

text: the

text: Anti

text: Revolutionary

text: Party

text: and

text: the

text: Christian

text: Historical

text: Union

text: The Netherlands  is the main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It is a densely populated country located in Western Europe with three island territories in the Caribbean. The European part of the Netherlands borders Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, sharing maritime borders with Belgium, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and Utrecht. Amsterdam is the country's capital, while The Hague holds the Dutch seat of government and parliament. The name "Holland" is used to refer informally to the whole of the country of the Netherlands.

text: The

text: Netherlands

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: constituent

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: It

text: is

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: with

text: three

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: The

text: European

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: borders

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Belgium

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: sharing

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Belgium

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Germany

text: The

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: are

text: Amsterdam

text: Rotterdam

text: The

text: Hague

text: and

text: Utrecht

text: Amsterdam

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: while

text: The

text: Hague

text: holds

text: the

text: Dutch

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: parliament

text: The

text: name

text: Holland

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: informally

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: The Catholic People's Party (KVP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. During its entire existence, the party was in government. The party is one of the precursors of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), into which it merged in 1980.

text: The

text: Catholic

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: KVP

text: was

text: Catholic

text: Christian

text: democratic

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: During

text: its

text: entire

text: existence

text: the

text: party

text: was

text: in

text: government

text: The

text: party

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: precursors

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: Democratic

text: Appeal

text: CDA

text: into

text: which

text: it

text: merged

text: in

text: Supreme Allied Commander is the title held by the most senior commander within certain multinational military alliances. It originated as a term used by the Western Allies during World War II, and is currently used only within NATO. The current NATO Supreme Allied Commander is U.S. General Curtis M. Scaparrotti.

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: is

text: the

text: title

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: commander

text: within

text: certain

text: multinational

text: military

text: alliances

text: It

text: originated

text: as

text: term

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Allies

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: is

text: currently

text: used

text: only

text: within

text: NATO

text: The

text: current

text: NATO

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: is

text: U.S.

text: General

text: Curtis

text: Scaparrotti

text: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO  '), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack by any external party. Three NATO members are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and are officially nuclear-weapon states: the United States, France and the United Kingdom. NATO's headquarters are located in Haren, Brussels, Belgium, where the Supreme Allied Commander also resides. Belgium is one of the 28 member states across North America and Europe, the newest of which, Albania and Croatia, joined in April 2009. An additional 22 countries participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace program, with 15 other countries involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes. The combined military spending of all NATO members constitutes over 70% of the global total. Members' defence spending is supposed to amount to 2% of GDP.

text: The

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Alliance

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: military

text: alliance

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: which

text: was

text: signed

text: on

text: April

text: The

text: organization

text: constitutes

text: system

text: of

text: collective

text: defence

text: whereby

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: agree

text: to

text: mutual

text: defence

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: an

text: attack

text: by

text: any

text: external

text: party

text: Three

text: NATO

text: members

text: are

text: permanent

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: with

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: veto

text: and

text: are

text: officially

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: states

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: NATO

text: 's

text: headquarters

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: Haren

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

text: where

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: also

text: resides

text: Belgium

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: across

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Europe

text: the

text: newest

text: of

text: which

text: Albania

text: and

text: Croatia

text: joined

text: in

text: April

text: An

text: additional

text: countries

text: participate

text: in

text: NATO

text: 's

text: Partnership

text: for

text: Peace

text: program

text: with

text: other

text: countries

text: involved

text: in

text: institutionalized

text: dialogue

text: programmes

text: The

text: combined

text: military

text: spending

text: of

text: all

text: NATO

text: members

text: constitutes

text: over

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: total

text: Members

text: defence

text: spending

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: amount

text: to

text: of

text: GDP

text: Joseph Marie Antoine Hubert Luns ( 28 August 1911 -- 17 July 2002 ) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of the defunct Catholic People 's Party ( KVP ) , now merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal ( CDA ) . He was the longest - serving Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs from September 2 , 1952 until July 6 , 1971 and later became the 5th ( and also longest - serving ) Secretary General of NATO for 13 years from October 1 , 1971 until June 25 , 1984 .

text: Joseph

text: Marie

text: Antoine

text: Hubert

text: Luns

text: August

text: July

text: was

text: Dutch

text: politician

text: and

text: diplomat

text: of

text: the

text: defunct

text: Catholic

text: People

text: 's

text: Party

text: KVP

text: now

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Christian

text: Democratic

text: Appeal

text: CDA

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: longest

text: serving

text: Dutch

text: Minister

text: of

text: Foreign

text: Affairs

text: from

text: September

text: until

text: July

text: and

text: later

text: became

text: the

text: and

text: also

text: longest

text: serving

text: Secretary

text: General

text: of

text: NATO

text: for

text: years

text: from

text: October

text: until

text: June

text: The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter. Its powers include the establishment of peacekeeping operations, the establishment of international sanctions, and the authorization of military action through Security Council resolutions; it is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions to member states. The Security Council held its first session on 17 January 1946.

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: Security

text: Council

text: UNSC

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: principal

text: organs

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: charged

text: with

text: the

text: maintenance

text: of

text: international

text: peace

text: and

text: security

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: accepting

text: new

text: members

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: approving

text: any

text: changes

text: to

text: its

text: United

text: Nations

text: Charter

text: Its

text: powers

text: include

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: peacekeeping

text: operations

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: international

text: sanctions

text: and

text: the

text: authorization

text: of

text: military

text: action

text: through

text: Security

text: Council

text: resolutions

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: UN

text: body

text: with

text: the

text: authority

text: to

text: issue

text: binding

text: resolutions

text: to

text: member

text: states

text: The

text: Security

text: Council

text: held

text: its

text: first

text: session

text: on

text: January

text: The North Atlantic Treaty, signed in Washington, D.C. on 4 April 1949, is the treaty establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

text: The

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: signed

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: on

text: April

text: is

text: the

text: treaty

text: establishing

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.

text: Belgium

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: France

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: which

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Straddling

text: the

text: cultural

text: boundary

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Latin

text: Europe

text: Belgium

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: main

text: linguistic

text: groups

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Flemish

text: community

text: which

text: constitutes

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Walloon

text: population

text: which

text: comprises

text: of

text: all

text: Belgians

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Cantons

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: High

text: Fens

text: area

text: and

text: bordering

text: Germany

text: The Prime Minister of Norway (literally "state minister") is the political leader of Norway and the Head of the Government of Norway. The Prime Minister and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to the Storting (Parliament of Norway), to their political party, and ultimately the electorate. In practice, since it is nearly impossible for a government to stay in office against the will of the Storting, the Prime Minister is primarily answerable to the Storting.

text: The

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Norway

text: literally

text: state

text: minister

text: is

text: the

text: political

text: leader

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: the

text: Head

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Norway

text: The

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: and

text: Cabinet

text: consisting

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: government

text: department

text: heads

text: are

text: collectively

text: accountable

text: for

text: their

text: policies

text: and

text: actions

text: to

text: the

text: Monarch

text: to

text: the

text: Storting

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Norway

text: to

text: their

text: political

text: party

text: and

text: ultimately

text: the

text: electorate

text: In

text: practice

text: since

text: it

text: is

text: nearly

text: impossible

text: for

text: government

text: to

text: stay

text: in

text: office

text: against

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: Storting

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: is

text: primarily

text: answerable

text: to

text: the

text: Storting

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: A military alliance is an international agreement concerning national security, when the contracting parties promise to support each other in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, as coalitions are formed for a crisis that are already known.

text: military

text: alliance

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: agreement

text: concerning

text: national

text: security

text: when

text: the

text: contracting

text: parties

text: promise

text: to

text: support

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: case

text: of

text: crisis

text: that

text: has

text: not

text: been

text: identified

text: in

text: advance

text: Military

text: alliances

text: differ

text: from

text: coalitions

text: as

text: coalitions

text: are

text: formed

text: for

text: crisis

text: that

text: are

text: already

text: known

text: Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels which is the capital of Belgium. The Brussels-Capital Region is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community, but is separate from the region of Flanders (in which it forms an enclave) or Wallonia. The region has a population of 1.2 million and a metropolitan area with a population of over 1.8 million, the largest in Belgium.

text: Brussels

text: officially

text: the

text: Brussels

text: Capital

text: Region

text: is

text: region

text: of

text: Belgium

text: comprising

text: municipalities

text: including

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Brussels

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Belgium

text: The

text: Brussels

text: Capital

text: Region

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: French

text: Community

text: of

text: Belgium

text: and

text: the

text: Flemish

text: Community

text: but

text: is

text: separate

text: from

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Flanders

text: in

text: which

text: it

text: forms

text: an

text: enclave

text: or

text: Wallonia

text: The

text: region

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Belgium

text: The Chairman of the NATO Military Committee (CMC) is the head of the NATO Military Committee, which advises the North Atlantic Council on military policy and strategy. The Chairman is one of the foremost officials of NATO, next to the Secretary General and the Supreme Allied Commander.

text: The

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: NATO

text: Military

text: Committee

text: CMC

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: NATO

text: Military

text: Committee

text: which

text: advises

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Council

text: on

text: military

text: policy

text: and

text: strategy

text: The

text: Chairman

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: foremost

text: officials

text: of

text: NATO

text: next

text: to

text: the

text: Secretary

text: General

text: and

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: Albania (; ), officially the Republic of Albania, is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe. It has a population of 3.03 million as of 2016. Tirana is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Durrës and Vlorë. Albania is located in the south-western part of the Balkan peninsula, bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo to the northeast, the Republic of Macedonia to the east, and Greece to the south and southeast. The country has a coastline on the northern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea to the west and the Ionian Sea to the southwest where the Albanian Riviera begins. Albania is less than from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which connects the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea.

text: Albania

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Albania

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: as

text: of

text: Tirana

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: followed

text: by

text: Durrës

text: and

text: Vlorë

text: Albania

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: bordered

text: by

text: Montenegro

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Kosovo

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southeast

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: coastline

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: where

text: the

text: Albanian

text: Riviera

text: begins

text: Albania

text: is

text: less

text: than

text: from

text: Italy

text: across

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Otranto

text: which

text: connects

text: the

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: Ionian

text: Sea

text: The Partnership for Peace (PfP) is a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) program aimed at creating trust between NATO and other states in Europe and the former Soviet Union; 22 states are members. It was first discussed by the Bulgarian Society Novae, after being proposed as an American initiative at the meeting of NATO defense ministers in Travemünde, Germany, on 2021 October 1993, and formally launched on 1011 January 1994 NATO summit in Brussels, Belgium.

text: The

text: Partnership

text: for

text: Peace

text: PfP

text: is

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: program

text: aimed

text: at

text: creating

text: trust

text: between

text: NATO

text: and

text: other

text: states

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: states

text: are

text: members

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: discussed

text: by

text: the

text: Bulgarian

text: Society

text: Novae

text: after

text: being

text: proposed

text: as

text: an

text: American

text: initiative

text: at

text: the

text: meeting

text: of

text: NATO

text: defense

text: ministers

text: in

text: Travemünde

text: Germany

text: on

text: October

text: and

text: formally

text: launched

text: on

text: January

text: NATO

text: summit

text: in

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

text: The Secretary General of NATO is an international diplomat who serves as the chief civil servant of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Secretary General is responsible for coordinating the workings of the alliance, leading NATO's international staff, chairing the meetings of the North Atlantic Council and most major committees of the alliance, with the notable exception of the NATO Military Committee, and acting as NATO's spokesperson. However, the Secretary General does not have any military command role, and political, military and strategic decisions ultimately rest with the member states. Together with the Chairman of the NATO Military Committee and the Supreme Allied Commander the Secretary General is one of the foremost officials of NATO. The current Secretary General is Jens Stoltenberg, the former Prime Minister of Norway, who took office on 1 October 2014.

text: The

text: Secretary

text: General

text: of

text: NATO

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: diplomat

text: who

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: chief

text: civil

text: servant

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: NATO

text: The

text: Secretary

text: General

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: coordinating

text: the

text: workings

text: of

text: the

text: alliance

text: leading

text: NATO

text: 's

text: international

text: staff

text: chairing

text: the

text: meetings

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Council

text: and

text: most

text: major

text: committees

text: of

text: the

text: alliance

text: with

text: the

text: notable

text: exception

text: of

text: the

text: NATO

text: Military

text: Committee

text: and

text: acting

text: as

text: NATO

text: 's

text: spokesperson

text: However

text: the

text: Secretary

text: General

text: does

text: not

text: have

text: any

text: military

text: command

text: role

text: and

text: political

text: military

text: and

text: strategic

text: decisions

text: ultimately

text: rest

text: with

text: the

text: member

text: states

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: Chairman

text: of

text: the

text: NATO

text: Military

text: Committee

text: and

text: the

text: Supreme

text: Allied

text: Commander

text: the

text: Secretary

text: General

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: foremost

text: officials

text: of

text: NATO

text: The

text: current

text: Secretary

text: General

text: is

text: Jens

text: Stoltenberg

text: the

text: former

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Norway

text: who

text: took

text: office

text: on

text: October

text: Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia, is a sovereign state between Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and the Mediterranean. Its capital city is Zagreb, which forms one of the country's primary subdivisions, along with its twenty counties. Croatia covers and has diverse, mostly continental and Mediterranean climates. Croatia's Adriatic Sea coast contains more than a thousand islands. The country's population is 4.28 million, most of whom are Croats, with the most common religious denomination being Roman Catholicism.

text: Croatia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Croatia

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: between

text: Central

text: Europe

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Zagreb

text: which

text: forms

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: primary

text: subdivisions

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: twenty

text: counties

text: Croatia

text: covers

text: and

text: has

text: diverse

text: mostly

text: continental

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climates

text: Croatia

text: 's

text: Adriatic

text: Sea

text: coast

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: thousand

text: islands

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: most

text: of

text: whom

text: are

text: Croats

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: religious

text: denomination

text: being

text: Roman

text: Catholicism

text: Jens Stoltenberg (born 16 March 1959) is a Norwegian politician, and the 13th Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. He served as Prime Minister of Norway from 2000 to 2001, and from 2005 to 2013.

text: Jens

text: Stoltenberg

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: Norwegian

text: politician

text: and

text: the

text: Secretary

text: General

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Treaty

text: Organization

text: He

text: served

text: as

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: Norway

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: from

text: to

question: place_of_birth joseph luns

answer: rotterdam

text: rotterdam


text: Mel Croucher is a British writer and video games pioneer. Originally an architect, he moved into computers and set up Automata UK in 1977, as the first computer games company in England, making the first broadcasts of computer game software over AM and FM radio. After the release of the Sinclair ZX81, his label published several games for the early home computer market, including three Computer Trade Association award-winners: "Pimania" (1982), "Groucho" (1983, a.k.a. "My Name Is Uncle Groucho, You Win A Fat Cigar"), and the groundbreaking "multi-media" title "Deus Ex Machina" (1984).

text: Mel

text: Croucher

text: is

text: British

text: writer

text: and

text: video

text: games

text: pioneer

text: Originally

text: an

text: architect

text: he

text: moved

text: into

text: computers

text: and

text: set

text: up

text: Automata

text: UK

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: computer

text: games

text: company

text: in

text: England

text: making

text: the

text: first

text: broadcasts

text: of

text: computer

text: game

text: software

text: over

text: AM

text: and

text: FM

text: radio

text: After

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: the

text: Sinclair

text: his

text: label

text: published

text: several

text: games

text: for

text: the

text: early

text: home

text: computer

text: market

text: including

text: three

text: Computer

text: Trade

text: Association

text: award

text: winners

text: Pimania

text: Groucho

text: a.k.a

text: My

text: Name

text: Is

text: Uncle

text: Groucho

text: You

text: Win

text: Fat

text: Cigar

text: and

text: the

text: groundbreaking

text: multi

text: media

text: title

text: Deus

text: Ex

text: Machina

text: Automata UK was a software house which developed and published ZX Spectrum video games between 1982 and 1985. Significant releases included "My Name Is Uncle Groucho, You Win A Fat Cigar" (1983) and "Deus Ex Machina" (1984).

text: Automata

text: UK

text: was

text: software

text: house

text: which

text: developed

text: and

text: published

text: ZX

text: Spectrum

text: video

text: games

text: between

text: and

text: Significant

text: releases

text: included

text: My

text: Name

text: Is

text: Uncle

text: Groucho

text: You

text: Win

text: Fat

text: Cigar

text: and

text: Deus

text: Ex

text: Machina

text: Pimania is a text-and-graphics adventure game written by Mel Croucher and released by Automata UK in 1982 for several microcomputer systems. It is the first real life video game treasure hunt released in the UK.

text: Pimania

text: is

text: text

text: and

text: graphics

text: adventure

text: game

text: written

text: by

text: Mel

text: Croucher

text: and

text: released

text: by

text: Automata

text: UK

text: in

text: for

text: several

text: microcomputer

text: systems

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: real

text: life

text: video

text: game

text: treasure

text: hunt

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: iD is a computer game developed by Mel Croucher and Colin Jones and published by CRL in 1986 . The game is text based and takes the form of a conversation with an entity that has entered your computer . Your task as the player is to gain the entity 's trust and find out what other inanimate objects this entity has inhabited in the past .

text: iD

text: is

text: computer

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: Mel

text: Croucher

text: and

text: Colin

text: Jones

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: CRL

text: in

text: The

text: game

text: is

text: text

text: based

text: and

text: takes

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: conversation

text: with

text: an

text: entity

text: that

text: has

text: entered

text: your

text: computer

text: Your

text: task

text: as

text: the

text: player

text: is

text: to

text: gain

text: the

text: entity

text: 's

text: trust

text: and

text: find

text: out

text: what

text: other

text: inanimate

text: objects

text: this

text: entity

text: has

text: inhabited

text: in

text: the

text: past

annotations: likely single

question: instance_of id

answer: video game

text: video game