text: Eastern Europe, also known as East Europe, is the eastern part of the European continent. There is no consensus on the precise area it covers, partly because the term has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic connotations. There are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". A related United Nations paper adds that "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct".

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: East

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: consensus

text: on

text: the

text: precise

text: area

text: it

text: covers

text: partly

text: because

text: the

text: term

text: has

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: geopolitical

text: geographical

text: cultural

text: and

text: socioeconomic

text: connotations

text: There

text: are

text: almost

text: as

text: many

text: definitions

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: as

text: there

text: are

text: scholars

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: related

text: United

text: Nations

text: paper

text: adds

text: that

text: every

text: assessment

text: of

text: spatial

text: identities

text: is

text: essentially

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: construct

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Moldova (or sometimes ), or Moldavia, officially the Republic of Moldova, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The capital city is Chiinu.

text: Moldova

text: or

text: sometimes

text: or

text: Moldavia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Moldova

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Romania

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Chiinu

text: North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: within

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: considered

text: northern

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea , a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the earth. Spruces are large trees, from about 2060 m (about 60200 ft) tall when mature, and can be distinguished by their whorled branches and conical form. The needles, or leaves, of spruce trees are attached singly to the branches in a spiral fashion, each needle on a small, peg-like structure. The needles are shed when 410 years old, leaving the branches rough with the retained pegs (an easy means of distinguishing them from other similar genera, where the branches are fairly smooth).

text: spruce

text: is

text: tree

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Picea

text: genus

text: of

text: about

text: species

text: of

text: coniferous

text: evergreen

text: trees

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Pinaceae

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: temperate

text: and

text: boreal

text: taiga

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: earth

text: Spruces

text: are

text: large

text: trees

text: from

text: about

text: about

text: ft

text: tall

text: when

text: mature

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: distinguished

text: by

text: their

text: whorled

text: branches

text: and

text: conical

text: form

text: The

text: needles

text: or

text: leaves

text: of

text: spruce

text: trees

text: are

text: attached

text: singly

text: to

text: the

text: branches

text: in

text: spiral

text: fashion

text: each

text: needle

text: on

text: small

text: peg

text: like

text: structure

text: The

text: needles

text: are

text: shed

text: when

text: years

text: old

text: leaving

text: the

text: branches

text: rough

text: with

text: the

text: retained

text: pegs

text: an

text: easy

text: means

text: of

text: distinguishing

text: them

text: from

text: other

text: similar

text: genera

text: where

text: the

text: branches

text: are

text: fairly

text: smooth

text: The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It is supplied by a number of major rivers, such as the Danube, Dnieper, Rioni, Southern Bug, and Dniester. The Black Sea has an area of (not including the Sea of Azov), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and features a wide shelf to the northwest. The longest east-west extent is about .

text: The

text: Black

text: Sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: between

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bounded

text: by

text: Bulgaria

text: Georgia

text: Romania

text: Russia

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: It

text: is

text: supplied

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: major

text: rivers

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Danube

text: Dnieper

text: Rioni

text: Southern

text: Bug

text: and

text: Dniester

text: The

text: Black

text: Sea

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: not

text: including

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: maximum

text: depth

text: of

text: and

text: volume

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: constrained

text: by

text: the

text: Pontic

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: features

text: wide

text: shelf

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: The

text: longest

text: east

text: west

text: extent

text: is

text: about

text: Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.

text: Poland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Sudetes

text: and

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: Poland

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Poland

text: is

text: unitary

text: state

text: divided

text: into

text: administrative

text: subdivisions

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Warsaw

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Kraków

text: Wrocaw

text: Pozna

text: Gdask

text: and

text: Szczecin

text: The Pinaceae (pine family) are trees or shrubs, including many of the well-known conifers of commercial importance such as cedars, firs, hemlocks, larches, pines and spruces. The family is included in the order Pinales, formerly known as Coniferales. Pinaceae are supported as monophyletic by their protein-type sieve cell plastids, pattern of proembryogeny, and lack of bioflavonoids. They are the largest extant conifer family in species diversity, with between 220 and 250 species (depending on taxonomic opinion) in 11 genera, and the second-largest (after Cupressaceae) in geographical range, found in most of the Northern Hemisphere, with the majority of the species in temperate climates, but ranging from subarctic to tropical. The family often forms the dominant component of boreal, coastal, and montane forests. One species, "Pinus merkusii", grows just south of the equator in Southeast Asia. Major centres of diversity are found in the mountains of southwest China, Mexico, central Japan, and California.

text: The

text: Pinaceae

text: pine

text: family

text: are

text: trees

text: or

text: shrubs

text: including

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: well

text: known

text: conifers

text: of

text: commercial

text: importance

text: such

text: as

text: cedars

text: firs

text: hemlocks

text: larches

text: pines

text: and

text: spruces

text: The

text: family

text: is

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: Pinales

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Coniferales

text: Pinaceae

text: are

text: supported

text: as

text: monophyletic

text: by

text: their

text: protein

text: type

text: sieve

text: cell

text: plastids

text: pattern

text: of

text: proembryogeny

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: bioflavonoids

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: extant

text: conifer

text: family

text: in

text: species

text: diversity

text: with

text: between

text: and

text: species

text: depending

text: on

text: taxonomic

text: opinion

text: in

text: genera

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: after

text: Cupressaceae

text: in

text: geographical

text: range

text: found

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: with

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: species

text: in

text: temperate

text: climates

text: but

text: ranging

text: from

text: subarctic

text: to

text: tropical

text: The

text: family

text: often

text: forms

text: the

text: dominant

text: component

text: of

text: boreal

text: coastal

text: and

text: montane

text: forests

text: One

text: species

text: Pinus

text: merkusii

text: grows

text: just

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: equator

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Major

text: centres

text: of

text: diversity

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: mountains

text: of

text: southwest

text: China

text: Mexico

text: central

text: Japan

text: and

text: California

text: Fagaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes beeches and oaks, and comprises eight genera with about 927 species. The Fagaceae are deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs, characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like (cupule) nuts. Their leaves are often lobed and both petioles and stipules are generally present. Leaf characteristics of Fagaceae can be very similar to those of Rosaceae and other rose motif families. Their fruits lack endosperm and lie in a scaly or spiny husk that may or may not enclose the entire nut, which may consist of one to seven seeds. In the oaks, genus "Quercus", the fruit is a non-valved nut (usually containing one seed) called an acorn. The husk of the acorn in most oaks only forms a cup in which the nut sits. Fagaceae is one of the most ecologically important woody plant families in the Northern Hemisphere, as oaks form the backbone of temperate forests in North America, Europe, and Asia and one of the most significant sources of wildlife fodder.

text: Fagaceae

text: is

text: family

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: that

text: includes

text: beeches

text: and

text: oaks

text: and

text: comprises

text: eight

text: genera

text: with

text: about

text: species

text: The

text: Fagaceae

text: are

text: deciduous

text: or

text: evergreen

text: trees

text: and

text: shrubs

text: characterized

text: by

text: alternate

text: simple

text: leaves

text: with

text: pinnate

text: venation

text: unisexual

text: flowers

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: catkins

text: and

text: fruit

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: cup

text: like

text: cupule

text: nuts

text: Their

text: leaves

text: are

text: often

text: lobed

text: and

text: both

text: petioles

text: and

text: stipules

text: are

text: generally

text: present

text: Leaf

text: characteristics

text: of

text: Fagaceae

text: can

text: be

text: very

text: similar

text: to

text: those

text: of

text: Rosaceae

text: and

text: other

text: rose

text: motif

text: families

text: Their

text: fruits

text: lack

text: endosperm

text: and

text: lie

text: in

text: scaly

text: or

text: spiny

text: husk

text: that

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: enclose

text: the

text: entire

text: nut

text: which

text: may

text: consist

text: of

text: one

text: to

text: seven

text: seeds

text: In

text: the

text: oaks

text: genus

text: Quercus

text: the

text: fruit

text: is

text: non

text: valved

text: nut

text: usually

text: containing

text: one

text: seed

text: called

text: an

text: acorn

text: The

text: husk

text: of

text: the

text: acorn

text: in

text: most

text: oaks

text: only

text: forms

text: cup

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: nut

text: sits

text: Fagaceae

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: ecologically

text: important

text: woody

text: plant

text: families

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: as

text: oaks

text: form

text: the

text: backbone

text: of

text: temperate

text: forests

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: significant

text: sources

text: of

text: wildlife

text: fodder

text: Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.

text: Asia

text: is

text: Earth

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: hemispheres

text: and

text: sharing

text: the

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: continent

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: civilizations

text: Asia

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: its

text: overall

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: also

text: dense

text: and

text: large

text: settlements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: vast

text: barely

text: populated

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: billion

text: people

text: Fagus orientalis, commonly known as the Oriental beech, is a deciduous tree in the beech family Fagaceae. It is native to Eurasia, in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.

text: Fagus

text: orientalis

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Oriental

text: beech

text: is

text: deciduous

text: tree

text: in

text: the

text: beech

text: family

text: Fagaceae

text: It

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: Eurasia

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: Beech ("Fagus") is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia and North America. Recent classification systems of the genus recognize ten to thirteen species in two distinct subgenera, "Engleriana" and "Fagus". The "Engleriana" subgenus is found only in East Asia, and is notably distinct from the "Fagus" subgenus in that these beeches are low-branching trees, often made up of several major trunks with yellowish bark. Further differentiating characteristics include the whitish bloom on the underside of the leaves, the visible tertiary leaf veins, and a long, smooth cupule-peduncle. "Fagus japonica", "Fagus engleriana", and the species "F. okamotoi", proposed by the botanist Chung-Fu Shen in 1992, comprise this subgenus. The better known "Fagus" subgenus beeches are high-branching with tall, stout trunks and smooth silver-grey bark. This group includes "Fagus sylvatica", "Fagus grandifolia", "Fagus crenata", "Fagus lucida", "Fagus longipetiolata", and "Fagus hayatae". The classification of the European beech, "Fagus sylvatica" is complex, with a variety of different names proposed for different species and subspecies within this region (for example "Fagus taurica", "Fagus orientalis", and "Fagus moesica"). Research suggests that beeches in Eurasia differentiated fairly late in evolutionary history, during the Miocene. The populations in this area represent a range of often overlapping morphotypes, though genetic analysis does not clearly support separate species.

text: Beech

text: Fagus

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: deciduous

text: trees

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Fagaceae

text: native

text: to

text: temperate

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: and

text: North

text: America

text: Recent

text: classification

text: systems

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: recognize

text: ten

text: to

text: thirteen

text: species

text: in

text: two

text: distinct

text: subgenera

text: Engleriana

text: and

text: Fagus

text: The

text: Engleriana

text: subgenus

text: is

text: found

text: only

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: and

text: is

text: notably

text: distinct

text: from

text: the

text: Fagus

text: subgenus

text: in

text: that

text: these

text: beeches

text: are

text: low

text: branching

text: trees

text: often

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: several

text: major

text: trunks

text: with

text: yellowish

text: bark

text: Further

text: differentiating

text: characteristics

text: include

text: the

text: whitish

text: bloom

text: on

text: the

text: underside

text: of

text: the

text: leaves

text: the

text: visible

text: tertiary

text: leaf

text: veins

text: and

text: long

text: smooth

text: cupule

text: peduncle

text: Fagus

text: japonica

text: Fagus

text: engleriana

text: and

text: the

text: species

text: okamotoi

text: proposed

text: by

text: the

text: botanist

text: Chung

text: Fu

text: Shen

text: in

text: comprise

text: this

text: subgenus

text: The

text: better

text: known

text: Fagus

text: subgenus

text: beeches

text: are

text: high

text: branching

text: with

text: tall

text: stout

text: trunks

text: and

text: smooth

text: silver

text: grey

text: bark

text: This

text: group

text: includes

text: Fagus

text: sylvatica

text: Fagus

text: grandifolia

text: Fagus

text: crenata

text: Fagus

text: lucida

text: Fagus

text: longipetiolata

text: and

text: Fagus

text: hayatae

text: The

text: classification

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: beech

text: Fagus

text: sylvatica

text: is

text: complex

text: with

text: variety

text: of

text: different

text: names

text: proposed

text: for

text: different

text: species

text: and

text: subspecies

text: within

text: this

text: region

text: for

text: example

text: Fagus

text: taurica

text: Fagus

text: orientalis

text: and

text: Fagus

text: moesica

text: Research

text: suggests

text: that

text: beeches

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: differentiated

text: fairly

text: late

text: in

text: evolutionary

text: history

text: during

text: the

text: Miocene

text: The

text: populations

text: in

text: this

text: area

text: represent

text: range

text: of

text: often

text: overlapping

text: morphotypes

text: though

text: genetic

text: analysis

text: does

text: not

text: clearly

text: support

text: separate

text: species

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Mount Hoverla ( Cyrillic :  , Hoverla ; Hungarian : Hóvár ; Romanian : Hovârla ; Goverla , Polish : Howerla ) at 2,061 metres ( 6,762 ft ) , is the highest mountain in Ukraine and part of the Carpathian Mountains . The mountain is located in the Eastern Beskides , in the Chornohora region . The slopes are covered with beech and spruce forests , above which there is a belt of sub-alpine meadows called polonyna in Ukrainian . At the eastern slope there is the main spring of the Prut River . The name is of Old Hungarian origin and means ' snow mountain ' . Hoverla is composed of sandstone , a sedimentary rock type . The date of the first ascent is unknown . In late 19th century the mountain became a notable tourist attraction , especially among tourists from nearby cities of Galicia . In 1880 the first tourist route between the peak of Hoverla and Krasny Luh was marked by Leopold Wajgel of the Galician Tatra Society . The following year the first tourist shelter was founded there . In the 20th century the mountain increasingly gained popularity as an extreme sports site . Some routes are classified as 1A in the winter period ( from late autumn to May ) , according to the USSR grading system . Nowadays because of its prominence too many unskilled extreme - lovers are taking attempts to climb it in winter , resulting in regular frostbite or even deaths . The most popular approach to the summit starts from the tour - basa Zaroslach on the mountain 's east face and gains more than 3,600 vertical feet ( 1,100 meters ) along a steep path with few switchbacks . In October 2007 the new Right pro-Russian Eurasia Party - affiliated `` Eurasian Youth Union '' vandalized the official Ukrainian state symbols that had been placed on the summit of Mount Hoverla .

text: Mount

text: Hoverla

text: Cyrillic

text: Hoverla

text: Hungarian

text: Hóvár

text: Romanian

text: Hovârla

text: Goverla

text: Polish

text: Howerla

text: at

text: metres

text: ft

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: The

text: mountain

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Beskides

text: in

text: the

text: Chornohora

text: region

text: The

text: slopes

text: are

text: covered

text: with

text: beech

text: and

text: spruce

text: forests

text: above

text: which

text: there

text: is

text: belt

text: of

text: sub

text: alpine

text: meadows

text: called

text: polonyna

text: in

text: Ukrainian

text: At

text: the

text: eastern

text: slope

text: there

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: spring

text: of

text: the

text: Prut

text: River

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: of

text: Old

text: Hungarian

text: origin

text: and

text: means

text: snow

text: mountain

text: Hoverla

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: sandstone

text: sedimentary

text: rock

text: type

text: The

text: date

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: ascent

text: is

text: unknown

text: In

text: late

text: century

text: the

text: mountain

text: became

text: notable

text: tourist

text: attraction

text: especially

text: among

text: tourists

text: from

text: nearby

text: cities

text: of

text: Galicia

text: In

text: the

text: first

text: tourist

text: route

text: between

text: the

text: peak

text: of

text: Hoverla

text: and

text: Krasny

text: Luh

text: was

text: marked

text: by

text: Leopold

text: Wajgel

text: of

text: the

text: Galician

text: Tatra

text: Society

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: the

text: first

text: tourist

text: shelter

text: was

text: founded

text: there

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: mountain

text: increasingly

text: gained

text: popularity

text: as

text: an

text: extreme

text: sports

text: site

text: Some

text: routes

text: are

text: classified

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: period

text: from

text: late

text: autumn

text: to

text: May

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: USSR

text: grading

text: system

text: Nowadays

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: prominence

text: too

text: many

text: unskilled

text: extreme

text: lovers

text: are

text: taking

text: attempts

text: to

text: climb

text: it

text: in

text: winter

text: resulting

text: in

text: regular

text: frostbite

text: or

text: even

text: deaths

text: The

text: most

text: popular

text: approach

text: to

text: the

text: summit

text: starts

text: from

text: the

text: tour

text: basa

text: Zaroslach

text: on

text: the

text: mountain

text: 's

text: east

text: face

text: and

text: gains

text: more

text: than

text: vertical

text: feet

text: meters

text: along

text: steep

text: path

text: with

text: few

text: switchbacks

text: In

text: October

text: the

text: new

text: Right

text: pro

text: Russian

text: Eurasia

text: Party

text: affiliated

text: Eurasian

text: Youth

text: Union

text: vandalized

text: the

text: official

text: Ukrainian

text: state

text: symbols

text: that

text: had

text: been

text: placed

text: on

text: the

text: summit

text: of

text: Mount

text: Hoverla

text: Hungary is a unitary parliamentary republic in Central Europe. It covers an area of , situated in the Carpathian Basin and bordered by Slovakia to the north, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, Slovenia to the west, Austria to the northwest, and Ukraine to the northeast. With about 10 million inhabitants, Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union. The official language is Hungarian, which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world. Hungary's capital and largest metropolis is Budapest, a significant economic hub, classified as an Alpha- global city. Major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs and Gyr.

text: Hungary

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Carpathian

text: Basin

text: and

text: bordered

text: by

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Romania

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Serbia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Croatia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Slovenia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Hungary

text: is

text: medium

text: sized

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: Hungarian

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: Uralic

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Hungary

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Budapest

text: significant

text: economic

text: hub

text: classified

text: as

text: an

text: Alpha-

text: global

text: city

text: Major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Debrecen

text: Szeged

text: Miskolc

text: Pécs

text: and

text: Gyr

text: Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.

text: Ukraine

text: tr

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Poland

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Hungary

text: Romania

text: and

text: Moldova

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southeast

text: respectively

text: Ukraine

text: is

text: currently

text: in

text: territorial

text: dispute

text: with

text: Russia

text: over

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: which

text: Russia

text: annexed

text: in

text: but

text: which

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: recognise

text: as

text: Ukrainian

text: Including

text: Crimea

text: Ukraine

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: entirely

text: within

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Romania is a sovereign state located in Southeastern Europe. It borders the Black Sea, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Hungary, Serbia, and Moldova. It has an area of and a temperate-continental climate. With 19.94 million inhabitants, the country is the seventh-most-populous member state of the European Union. The capital and largest city, Bucharest, with its 1,883,425 inhabitants is the sixth-largest city in the EU.

text: Romania

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: Bulgaria

text: Ukraine

text: Hungary

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Moldova

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: temperate

text: continental

text: climate

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Bucharest

text: with

text: its

text: inhabitants

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: EU

text: The Sea of Azov ("Azovs'ke more/Azovke more") is a sea in Eastern Europe. To the south it is linked by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch to the Black Sea, and it is sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea. The sea is bounded in the north by mainland Ukraine, in the east by Russia, and in the west by the Crimean Peninsula. The Don and Kuban are the major rivers that flow into it. The Sea of Azov is the shallowest sea in the world, with the depth varying between . There is a constant outflow of water from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea.

text: The

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: Azovs'ke

text: more

text: Azovke

text: more

text: is

text: sea

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: To

text: the

text: south

text: it

text: is

text: linked

text: by

text: the

text: narrow

text: about

text: Strait

text: of

text: Kerch

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: sometimes

text: regarded

text: as

text: northern

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: bounded

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: mainland

text: Ukraine

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Russia

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: The

text: Don

text: and

text: Kuban

text: are

text: the

text: major

text: rivers

text: that

text: flow

text: into

text: it

text: The

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: is

text: the

text: shallowest

text: sea

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: the

text: depth

text: varying

text: between

text: There

text: is

text: constant

text: outflow

text: of

text: water

text: from

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.

text: Belarus

text: lat

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Belarus

text: formerly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Russian

text: name

text: Byelorussia

text: though

text: this

text: name

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: used

text: in

text: Belarus

text: itself

text: even

text: in

text: Russian

text: language

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Minsk

text: Over

text: of

text: its

text: is

text: forested

text: Its

text: strongest

text: economic

text: sectors

text: are

text: service

text: industries

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: different

text: states

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: controlled

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Belarus

text: including

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: to

text: centuries

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a mountain range system forming an arc roughly long across Central and Eastern Europe, making them the second-longest mountain range in Europe (after the Scandinavian Mountains).

text: The

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: or

text: Carpathians

text: are

text: mountain

text: range

text: system

text: forming

text: an

text: arc

text: roughly

text: long

text: across

text: Central

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: making

text: them

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: Europe

text: after

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: Mountains

text: Slovakia, officially the Slovak Republic, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south. Slovakia's territory spans about and is mostly mountainous. The population is over 5 million and comprises mostly ethnic Slovaks. The capital and largest city is Bratislava. The official language is Slovak, a member of the Slavic language family.

text: Slovakia

text: officially

text: the

text: Slovak

text: Republic

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Austria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Hungary

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Slovakia

text: 's

text: territory

text: spans

text: about

text: and

text: is

text: mostly

text: mountainous

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: over

text: million

text: and

text: comprises

text: mostly

text: ethnic

text: Slovaks

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Bratislava

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: Slovak

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Slavic

text: language

text: family

annotations: follows single

question: continent hoverla

answer: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe

text: europe