text: The Institute for Astronomy (IfA) is a research unit within the University of Hawaii system, led by Günther Hasinger as Director. IfA main headquarters are located at 2680 Woodlawn Drive in Honolulu, Hawaii, , on the University of Hawaii at Mnoa campus. Additional facilities are located at Pukalani, Maui and Hilo on Hawaii island (the Big Island). IfA employs over 150 astronomers and support staff. IfA astronomers perform research into solar system objects, stars, galaxies and cosmology.

text: The

text: Institute

text: for

text: Astronomy

text: IfA

text: is

text: research

text: unit

text: within

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: system

text: led

text: by

text: Günther

text: Hasinger

text: as

text: Director

text: IfA

text: main

text: headquarters

text: are

text: located

text: at

text: Woodlawn

text: Drive

text: in

text: Honolulu

text: Hawaii

text: on

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: at

text: Mnoa

text: campus

text: Additional

text: facilities

text: are

text: located

text: at

text: Pukalani

text: Maui

text: and

text: Hilo

text: on

text: Hawaii

text: island

text: the

text: Big

text: Island

text: IfA

text: employs

text: over

text: astronomers

text: and

text: support

text: staff

text: IfA

text: astronomers

text: perform

text: research

text: into

text: solar

text: system

text: objects

text: stars

text: galaxies

text: and

text: cosmology

text: The island of Maui (Hawaiian: ) is the second-largest of the Hawaiian Islands at 727.2 square miles (1,883 km) and is the 17th-largest island in the United States. Maui is part of the State of Hawaii and is the largest of Maui County's four islands, bigger than Molokai, Lnai, and unpopulated Kahoolawe. In 2010, Maui had a population of 144,444, third-highest of the Hawaiian Islands, behind that of Oahu and Hawaii Island. Kahului is the largest census-designated place (CDP) on the island with a population of 26,337 and is the commercial and financial hub of the island. Wailuku is the seat of Maui County and is the third-largest CDP . Other significant places include Khei (including Wailea and Makena in the Kihei Town CDP, which is the second-most-populated CDP in Maui), Lahaina (including Kanapali and Kapalua in the Lahaina Town CDP), Makawao, Pia, Kula, Haik, and Hna.

text: The

text: island

text: of

text: Maui

text: Hawaiian

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

text: at

text: square

text: miles

text: km

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Maui

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: Maui

text: County

text: 's

text: four

text: islands

text: bigger

text: than

text: Molokai

text: Lnai

text: and

text: unpopulated

text: Kahoolawe

text: In

text: Maui

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: third

text: highest

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: Islands

text: behind

text: that

text: of

text: Oahu

text: and

text: Hawaii

text: Island

text: Kahului

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: census

text: designated

text: place

text: CDP

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: commercial

text: and

text: financial

text: hub

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: Wailuku

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Maui

text: County

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: CDP

text: Other

text: significant

text: places

text: include

text: Khei

text: including

text: Wailea

text: and

text: Makena

text: in

text: the

text: Kihei

text: Town

text: CDP

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populated

text: CDP

text: in

text: Maui

text: Lahaina

text: including

text: Kanapali

text: and

text: Kapalua

text: in

text: the

text: Lahaina

text: Town

text: CDP

text: Makawao

text: Pia

text: Kula

text: Haik

text: and

text: Hna

text: The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) is a scientific research organization operated by the United States Air Force Materiel Command dedicated to leading the discovery, development, and integration of affordable aerospace warfighting technologies, planning and executing the Air Force science and technology program, and provide warfighting capabilities to United States air, space, and cyberspace forces. It controls the entire Air Force science and technology research budget which was $2.4 billion in 2006.

text: The

text: Air

text: Force

text: Research

text: Laboratory

text: AFRL

text: is

text: scientific

text: research

text: organization

text: operated

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Air

text: Force

text: Materiel

text: Command

text: dedicated

text: to

text: leading

text: the

text: discovery

text: development

text: and

text: integration

text: of

text: affordable

text: aerospace

text: warfighting

text: technologies

text: planning

text: and

text: executing

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: program

text: and

text: provide

text: warfighting

text: capabilities

text: to

text: United

text: States

text: air

text: space

text: and

text: cyberspace

text: forces

text: It

text: controls

text: the

text: entire

text: Air

text: Force

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: research

text: budget

text: which

text: was

text: billion

text: in

text: Haleakal (Hawaiian: ), or the East Maui Volcano, is a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maui. The western 25% of the island is formed by another volcano, Mauna Kahalawai, also referred to as the West Maui Mountains.

text: Haleakal

text: Hawaiian

text: or

text: the

text: East

text: Maui

text: Volcano

text: is

text: massive

text: shield

text: volcano

text: that

text: forms

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaiian

text: Island

text: of

text: Maui

text: The

text: western

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: another

text: volcano

text: Mauna

text: Kahalawai

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: West

text: Maui

text: Mountains

text: The Haleakal Observatory on the island of Maui, also known as the Haleakal High Altitude Observatory Site, is the location of Hawaii's first astronomical research observatory. It is owned by the Institute for Astronomy of the University of Hawai'i, which operates some of the facilities on the site and leases portions to other organizations. Tenants include the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGTN). At over in altitude, the summit of Haleakal is above one third of the Earth's atmosphere and has excellent astronomical seeing conditions.

text: The

text: Haleakal

text: Observatory

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Maui

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Haleakal

text: High

text: Altitude

text: Observatory

text: Site

text: is

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: 's

text: first

text: astronomical

text: research

text: observatory

text: It

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Institute

text: for

text: Astronomy

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Hawai'i

text: which

text: operates

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: facilities

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: and

text: leases

text: portions

text: to

text: other

text: organizations

text: Tenants

text: include

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: Research

text: Laboratory

text: AFRL

text: and

text: the

text: Las

text: Cumbres

text: Observatory

text: Global

text: Telescope

text: Network

text: LCOGTN

text: At

text: over

text: in

text: altitude

text: the

text: summit

text: of

text: Haleakal

text: is

text: above

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: and

text: has

text: excellent

text: astronomical

text: seeing

text: conditions

text: Astronomical seeing refers to the blurring and twinkling of astronomical objects such as stars caused by turbulent mixing in the Earth's atmosphere that causes variations of the optical refractive index. The "astronomical seeing" conditions on a given night at a given location describe how much the Earth's atmosphere perturbs the images of stars as seen through a telescope.

text: Astronomical

text: seeing

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: blurring

text: and

text: twinkling

text: of

text: astronomical

text: objects

text: such

text: as

text: stars

text: caused

text: by

text: turbulent

text: mixing

text: in

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: that

text: causes

text: variations

text: of

text: the

text: optical

text: refractive

text: index

text: The

text: astronomical

text: seeing

text: conditions

text: on

text: given

text: night

text: at

text: given

text: location

text: describe

text: how

text: much

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: atmosphere

text: perturbs

text: the

text: images

text: of

text: stars

text: as

text: seen

text: through

text: telescope

text: Hawaii is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21, 1959. Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Hawaii is the only U.S. state not located in the Americas.

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: and

text: most

text: recent

text: state

text: to

text: have

text: joined

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: having

text: received

text: statehood

text: on

text: August

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: U.S.

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: Oceania

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: composed

text: entirely

text: of

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: island

text: group

text: in

text: Polynesia

text: occupying

text: most

text: of

text: an

text: archipelago

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: U.S.

text: state

text: not

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: The 3.67 m Advanced Electro Optical System Telescope is a Department of Defense telescope at Haleakala Observatory . The telescope is part of the Maui Space Surveillance Complex ( MSSC ) , which in turn is part of the Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing Site ( AMOS ) . The 3.67 - meter telescope , known as the Advanced Electro - Optical System ( AEOS ) , owned by the Department of Defense , is the United States ' largest optical telescope designed for tracking satellites . The 75 - ton AEOS telescope points and tracks very accurately , yet is fast enough to track both low - Earth satellites and ballistic missiles . It can slew at nearly 20 degrees per second . It is an f / 200 and has an extremely narrow field of view . AEOS can be used simultaneously by many groups or institutions because its light can be channeled through a series of mirrors to seven independent coudé rooms below the telescope . Employing sophisticated sensors that include an adaptive optics system , radiometer , spectrograph , and long - wave infrared imager , the telescope tracks man - made objects in deep space and performs space object identification data collection . AEOS is equipped with an adaptive optics system , the heart of which is a 941 - actuator deformable mirror that can change its shape to remove the atmosphere 's distorting effects . Scientists are expected to get near diffraction - limited images of space objects .

text: The

text: Advanced

text: Electro

text: Optical

text: System

text: Telescope

text: is

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: telescope

text: at

text: Haleakala

text: Observatory

text: The

text: telescope

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Maui

text: Space

text: Surveillance

text: Complex

text: MSSC

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: Maui

text: Optical

text: and

text: Supercomputing

text: Site

text: AMOS

text: The

text: meter

text: telescope

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Advanced

text: Electro

text: Optical

text: System

text: AEOS

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: largest

text: optical

text: telescope

text: designed

text: for

text: tracking

text: satellites

text: The

text: ton

text: AEOS

text: telescope

text: points

text: and

text: tracks

text: very

text: accurately

text: yet

text: is

text: fast

text: enough

text: to

text: track

text: both

text: low

text: Earth

text: satellites

text: and

text: ballistic

text: missiles

text: It

text: can

text: slew

text: at

text: nearly

text: degrees

text: per

text: second

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: and

text: has

text: an

text: extremely

text: narrow

text: field

text: of

text: view

text: AEOS

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: simultaneously

text: by

text: many

text: groups

text: or

text: institutions

text: because

text: its

text: light

text: can

text: be

text: channeled

text: through

text: series

text: of

text: mirrors

text: to

text: seven

text: independent

text: coudé

text: rooms

text: below

text: the

text: telescope

text: Employing

text: sophisticated

text: sensors

text: that

text: include

text: an

text: adaptive

text: optics

text: system

text: radiometer

text: spectrograph

text: and

text: long

text: wave

text: infrared

text: imager

text: the

text: telescope

text: tracks

text: man

text: made

text: objects

text: in

text: deep

text: space

text: and

text: performs

text: space

text: object

text: identification

text: data

text: collection

text: AEOS

text: is

text: equipped

text: with

text: an

text: adaptive

text: optics

text: system

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: actuator

text: deformable

text: mirror

text: that

text: can

text: change

text: its

text: shape

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: 's

text: distorting

text: effects

text: Scientists

text: are

text: expected

text: to

text: get

text: near

text: diffraction

text: limited

text: images

text: of

text: space

text: objects

annotations: likely multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity 3.67 m advanced electro optical system telescope

answer: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii

text: hawaii


text: The Gulf of Finland  is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland (to the north) and Estonia (to the south) all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn. The eastern parts of the Gulf of Finland belong to Russia, and some of Russia's most important oil harbours are located farthest in, near Saint Petersburg (including Primorsk). As the seaway to Saint Petersburg, the Gulf of Finland has been and continues to be of considerable strategic importance to Russia. Some of the environmental problems affecting the Baltic Sea are at their most pronounced in the shallow gulf.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: is

text: the

text: easternmost

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: extends

text: between

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Estonia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: all

text: the

text: way

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: in

text: Russia

text: where

text: the

text: river

text: Neva

text: drains

text: into

text: it

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: around

text: the

text: gulf

text: include

text: Helsinki

text: and

text: Tallinn

text: The

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: belong

text: to

text: Russia

text: and

text: some

text: of

text: Russia

text: 's

text: most

text: important

text: oil

text: harbours

text: are

text: located

text: farthest

text: in

text: near

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: including

text: Primorsk

text: As

text: the

text: seaway

text: to

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: has

text: been

text: and

text: continues

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: considerable

text: strategic

text: importance

text: to

text: Russia

text: Some

text: of

text: the

text: environmental

text: problems

text: affecting

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: are

text: at

text: their

text: most

text: pronounced

text: in

text: the

text: shallow

text: gulf

text: Scandinavia is a historical and cultural region in Northern Europe characterized by a common ethnocultural North Germanic heritage and mutually intelligible North Germanic languages.

text: Scandinavia

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: region

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: characterized

text: by

text: common

text: ethnocultural

text: North

text: Germanic

text: heritage

text: and

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: North

text: Germanic

text: languages

text: Fennoscandia , Fenno-Scandinavia, or the Fennoscandian Peninsula, is the geographical peninsula of the Nordic region comprising the Scandinavian Peninsula, Finland, Karelia, and the Kola Peninsula. It encompasses Finland, Norway and Sweden, as well as Murmansk Oblast, much of the Republic of Karelia and parts of northern Leningrad Oblast in Russia. Its name comes from the Latin words "Fennia" (Finland) and "Scandia" (Scandinavian). The term was first used by the Finnish geologist Wilhelm Ramsay in 1898. Geologically, the area is distinct because its bedrock is Archaean granite and gneiss with very little limestone, in contrast to neighboring areas in Europe.

text: Fennoscandia

text: Fenno

text: Scandinavia

text: or

text: the

text: Fennoscandian

text: Peninsula

text: is

text: the

text: geographical

text: peninsula

text: of

text: the

text: Nordic

text: region

text: comprising

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: Peninsula

text: Finland

text: Karelia

text: and

text: the

text: Kola

text: Peninsula

text: It

text: encompasses

text: Finland

text: Norway

text: and

text: Sweden

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Murmansk

text: Oblast

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Karelia

text: and

text: parts

text: of

text: northern

text: Leningrad

text: Oblast

text: in

text: Russia

text: Its

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: words

text: Fennia

text: Finland

text: and

text: Scandia

text: Scandinavian

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Finnish

text: geologist

text: Wilhelm

text: Ramsay

text: in

text: Geologically

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: distinct

text: because

text: its

text: bedrock

text: is

text: Archaean

text: granite

text: and

text: gneiss

text: with

text: very

text: little

text: limestone

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: neighboring

text: areas

text: in

text: Europe

text: Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term, geographically, Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north; which includes (from west to east) most or all of: Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, the Netherlands, northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, northern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and northwest Russia. However, narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors, such as climate and ecology. Greenland, geographically a part of North America, is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and may be included depending on the definition.

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: or

text: region

text: of

text: Europe

text: Although

text: no

text: definitive

text: borders

text: or

text: definition

text: exists

text: for

text: the

text: term

text: geographically

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: consist

text: approximately

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: above

text: the

text: parallel

text: north

text: which

text: includes

text: from

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: Iceland

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: northern

text: Germany

text: Denmark

text: Norway

text: Sweden

text: northern

text: Poland

text: Finland

text: Estonia

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: northwest

text: Russia

text: However

text: narrower

text: definitions

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: based

text: on

text: other

text: geographical

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: climate

text: and

text: ecology

text: Greenland

text: geographically

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: politically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: included

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: definition

text: A professional is a member of a profession or any person who earns their living from a specified professional activity. The term also describes the standards of education and training that prepare members of the profession with the particular knowledge and skills necessary to perform their specific role within that profession. In addition, most professionals are subject to strict codes of conduct, enshrining rigorous ethical and moral obligations. Professional standards of practice and ethics for a particular field are typically agreed upon and maintained through widely recognized professional associations, such as the IEEE. Some definitions of "professional" limit this term to those professions that serve some important aspect of public interest and the general good of society.

text: professional

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: profession

text: or

text: any

text: person

text: who

text: earns

text: their

text: living

text: from

text: specified

text: professional

text: activity

text: The

text: term

text: also

text: describes

text: the

text: standards

text: of

text: education

text: and

text: training

text: that

text: prepare

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: profession

text: with

text: the

text: particular

text: knowledge

text: and

text: skills

text: necessary

text: to

text: perform

text: their

text: specific

text: role

text: within

text: that

text: profession

text: In

text: addition

text: most

text: professionals

text: are

text: subject

text: to

text: strict

text: codes

text: of

text: conduct

text: enshrining

text: rigorous

text: ethical

text: and

text: moral

text: obligations

text: Professional

text: standards

text: of

text: practice

text: and

text: ethics

text: for

text: particular

text: field

text: are

text: typically

text: agreed

text: upon

text: and

text: maintained

text: through

text: widely

text: recognized

text: professional

text: associations

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: IEEE

text: Some

text: definitions

text: of

text: professional

text: limit

text: this

text: term

text: to

text: those

text: professions

text: that

text: serve

text: some

text: important

text: aspect

text: of

text: public

text: interest

text: and

text: the

text: general

text: good

text: of

text: society

text: The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe. It has an area of , and an estimated population of over 510 million. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Within the Schengen Area, passport controls have been abolished. A monetary union was established in 1999 and came into full force in 2002, and is composed of 19 EU member states which use the euro currency.

text: The

text: European

text: Union

text: EU

text: is

text: political

text: and

text: economic

text: union

text: of

text: member

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: The

text: EU

text: has

text: developed

text: an

text: internal

text: single

text: market

text: through

text: standardised

text: system

text: of

text: laws

text: that

text: apply

text: in

text: all

text: member

text: states

text: EU

text: policies

text: aim

text: to

text: ensure

text: the

text: free

text: movement

text: of

text: people

text: goods

text: services

text: and

text: capital

text: within

text: the

text: internal

text: market

text: enact

text: legislation

text: in

text: justice

text: and

text: home

text: affairs

text: and

text: maintain

text: common

text: policies

text: on

text: trade

text: agriculture

text: fisheries

text: and

text: regional

text: development

text: Within

text: the

text: Schengen

text: Area

text: passport

text: controls

text: have

text: been

text: abolished

text: monetary

text: union

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: came

text: into

text: full

text: force

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: EU

text: member

text: states

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: euro

text: currency

text: Norway (; Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Sami: "Norgga"), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a sovereign and unitary monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the island Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land. Until 1814, the Kingdom included the Faroe Islands (since 1035), Greenland (1261), and Iceland (1262). It also included Shetland and Orkney until 1468. It also included the following provinces, now in Sweden: Jämtland, Härjedalen and Bohuslän.

text: Norway

text: Norwegian

text: Bokmål

text: or

text: Nynorsk

text: Sami

text: Norgga

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Norway

text: is

text: sovereign

text: and

text: unitary

text: monarchy

text: whose

text: territory

text: comprises

text: the

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Scandinavian

text: Peninsula

text: plus

text: the

text: island

text: Jan

text: Mayen

text: and

text: the

text: archipelago

text: of

text: Svalbard

text: The

text: Antarctic

text: Peter

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: sub

text: Antarctic

text: Bouvet

text: Island

text: are

text: dependent

text: territories

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: Norway

text: also

text: lays

text: claim

text: to

text: section

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: known

text: as

text: Queen

text: Maud

text: Land

text: Until

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: included

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: since

text: Greenland

text: and

text: Iceland

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: Shetland

text: and

text: Orkney

text: until

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: the

text: following

text: provinces

text: now

text: in

text: Sweden

text: Jämtland

text: Härjedalen

text: and

text: Bohuslän

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund. At , Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low population density of , with the highest concentration in the southern half of the country. Approximately 85% of the population lives in urban areas.

text: Sweden

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Sweden

text: Swedish

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: It

text: borders

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: Denmark

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: bridge

text: tunnel

text: across

text: the

text: Öresund

text: At

text: Sweden

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: area

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Sweden

text: consequently

text: has

text: low

text: population

text: density

text: of

text: with

text: the

text: highest

text: concentration

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Approximately

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: The Gulf of Bothnia is the northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It is situated between Finland's west coast and Sweden's east coast. In the south of the gulf lie the Åland Islands, between the Sea of Åland and the Archipelago Sea.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: between

text: Finland

text: 's

text: west

text: coast

text: and

text: Sweden

text: 's

text: east

text: coast

text: In

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: gulf

text: lie

text: the

text: Åland

text: Islands

text: between

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Åland

text: and

text: the

text: Archipelago

text: Sea

text: The term moral obligation has a number of meanings in moral philosophy, in religion, and in layman's terms. Generally speaking, when someone says of an act that it is a "moral obligation," they refer to a belief that the act is one prescribed by their set of values.

text: The

text: term

text: moral

text: obligation

text: has

text: number

text: of

text: meanings

text: in

text: moral

text: philosophy

text: in

text: religion

text: and

text: in

text: layman

text: 's

text: terms

text: Generally

text: speaking

text: when

text: someone

text: says

text: of

text: an

text: act

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: moral

text: obligation

text: they

text: refer

text: to

text: belief

text: that

text: the

text: act

text: is

text: one

text: prescribed

text: by

text: their

text: set

text: of

text: values

text: A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: in

text: international

text: law

text: nonphysical

text: juridical

text: entity

text: that

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: one

text: centralised

text: government

text: that

text: has

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: geographic

text: area

text: International

text: law

text: defines

text: sovereign

text: states

text: as

text: having

text: permanent

text: population

text: defined

text: territory

text: one

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: relations

text: with

text: other

text: sovereign

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: normally

text: understood

text: that

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: neither

text: dependent

text: on

text: nor

text: subjected

text: to

text: any

text: other

text: power

text: or

text: state

text: Toni Pekka Lehtinen ( born 5 May 1984 ) is a Finnish professional football player who plays for Seinäjoen Jalkapallokerho in Finland . Lehtinen plays as a striker .

text: Toni

text: Pekka

text: Lehtinen

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: Finnish

text: professional

text: football

text: player

text: who

text: plays

text: for

text: Seinäjoen

text: Jalkapallokerho

text: in

text: Finland

text: Lehtinen

text: plays

text: as

text: striker

text: A profession is a vocation founded upon specialized educational training, the purpose of which is to supply disinterested objective counsel and service to others, for a direct and definite compensation, wholly apart from expectation of other business gain. The term is a truncation of the term "liberal profession", which is, in turn, an Anglicization of the French term "profession libérale". Originally borrowed by English users in the 19th century, it has been re-borrowed by international users from the late 20th, though the (upper-middle) class overtones of the term do not seem to survive retranslation: "liberal professions" are, according to the European Union's Directive on Recognition of Professional Qualifications (2005/36/EC) "those practiced on the basis of relevant professional qualifications in a personal, responsible and professionally independent capacity by those providing intellectual and conceptual services in the interest of the client and the public".

text: profession

text: is

text: vocation

text: founded

text: upon

text: specialized

text: educational

text: training

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: to

text: supply

text: disinterested

text: objective

text: counsel

text: and

text: service

text: to

text: others

text: for

text: direct

text: and

text: definite

text: compensation

text: wholly

text: apart

text: from

text: expectation

text: of

text: other

text: business

text: gain

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: truncation

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: liberal

text: profession

text: which

text: is

text: in

text: turn

text: an

text: Anglicization

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: term

text: profession

text: libérale

text: Originally

text: borrowed

text: by

text: English

text: users

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: re

text: borrowed

text: by

text: international

text: users

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: though

text: the

text: upper

text: middle

text: class

text: overtones

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: do

text: not

text: seem

text: to

text: survive

text: retranslation

text: liberal

text: professions

text: are

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: 's

text: Directive

text: on

text: Recognition

text: of

text: Professional

text: Qualifications

text: those

text: practiced

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: relevant

text: professional

text: qualifications

text: in

text: personal

text: responsible

text: and

text: professionally

text: independent

text: capacity

text: by

text: those

text: providing

text: intellectual

text: and

text: conceptual

text: services

text: in

text: the

text: interest

text: of

text: the

text: client

text: and

text: the

text: public

text: Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a sovereign state in Northern Europe. A peninsula with the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, the country has land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east. Estonia is south of the country across the Gulf of Finland. Finland is a Nordic country situated in the geographical region of Fennoscandia, which also includes Scandinavia. Finland's population is 5.5 million (2014), staying roughly on the same level over the past two decades. The majority of the population is concentrated in the southern region. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union.

text: Finland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Finland

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: peninsula

text: with

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Bothnia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Sweden

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Norway

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Estonia

text: is

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Finland

text: Finland

text: is

text: Nordic

text: country

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: Fennoscandia

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: Scandinavia

text: Finland

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: million

text: staying

text: roughly

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: level

text: over

text: the

text: past

text: two

text: decades

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: concentrated

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: In

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

question: place_of_birth toni lehtinen

answer: helsinki

text: helsinki


text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: Portland is a seaport and the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers. The city covers and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area (MSA), the 23rd most populous MSA in the United States. Its Combined Statistical Area (CSA) ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregon's population resides within the Portland metropolitan area.

text: Portland

text: is

text: seaport

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Oregon

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Multnomah

text: County

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Willamette

text: Valley

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Northwest

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Willamette

text: and

text: Columbia

text: Rivers

text: The

text: city

text: covers

text: and

text: had

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Approximately

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: Portland

text: metropolitan

text: statistical

text: area

text: MSA

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: MSA

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Its

text: Combined

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: CSA

text: ranks

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: Roughly

text: of

text: Oregon

text: 's

text: population

text: resides

text: within

text: the

text: Portland

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: An architectural firm or architecture firm is a company which employs one or more licensed architects and practices the profession of architecture.

text: An

text: architectural

text: firm

text: or

text: architecture

text: firm

text: is

text: company

text: which

text: employs

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: licensed

text: architects

text: and

text: practices

text: the

text: profession

text: of

text: architecture

text: A tower block, high-rise, apartment tower, residential tower, apartment block, block of flats, or office tower is a tall building or structure used as a residential and/or office building. In some areas it may be referred to as an "MDU", standing for "Multi Dwelling Unit". In the United States, such a structure is referred to as an apartment building or office building, while a group of such buildings is called an apartment complex or office complex.

text: tower

text: block

text: high

text: rise

text: apartment

text: tower

text: residential

text: tower

text: apartment

text: block

text: block

text: of

text: flats

text: or

text: office

text: tower

text: is

text: tall

text: building

text: or

text: structure

text: used

text: as

text: residential

text: and/or

text: office

text: building

text: In

text: some

text: areas

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: an

text: MDU

text: standing

text: for

text: Multi

text: Dwelling

text: Unit

text: In

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: such

text: structure

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: an

text: apartment

text: building

text: or

text: office

text: building

text: while

text: group

text: of

text: such

text: buildings

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: apartment

text: complex

text: or

text: office

text: complex

text: A building or edifice is a structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, to land prices, ground conditions, specific uses and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the term "building" compare the list of nonbuilding structures.

text: building

text: or

text: edifice

text: is

text: structure

text: with

text: roof

text: and

text: walls

text: standing

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: permanently

text: in

text: one

text: place

text: such

text: as

text: house

text: or

text: factory

text: Buildings

text: come

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: sizes

text: shapes

text: and

text: functions

text: and

text: have

text: been

text: adapted

text: throughout

text: history

text: for

text: wide

text: number

text: of

text: factors

text: from

text: building

text: materials

text: available

text: to

text: weather

text: conditions

text: to

text: land

text: prices

text: ground

text: conditions

text: specific

text: uses

text: and

text: aesthetic

text: reasons

text: To

text: better

text: understand

text: the

text: term

text: building

text: compare

text: the

text: list

text: of

text: nonbuilding

text: structures

text: Building Design+Construction is a trade publication and web site serving the information needs of designing, building, and owning firms in the non-residential construction industry.

text: Building

text: Design+Construction

text: is

text: trade

text: publication

text: and

text: web

text: site

text: serving

text: the

text: information

text: needs

text: of

text: designing

text: building

text: and

text: owning

text: firms

text: in

text: the

text: non

text: residential

text: construction

text: industry

text: A tenement is, in most English-speaking areas, a substandard multi-family dwelling in the urban core, usually old and occupied by the poor. In Scotland it still has its original meaning of a multi-occupancy building of any sort, and in parts of England, especially Devon and Cornwall, it refers to an outshot, or additional projecting part at the back of a terraced house, normally with its own roof.

text: tenement

text: is

text: in

text: most

text: English

text: speaking

text: areas

text: substandard

text: multi

text: family

text: dwelling

text: in

text: the

text: urban

text: core

text: usually

text: old

text: and

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: poor

text: In

text: Scotland

text: it

text: still

text: has

text: its

text: original

text: meaning

text: of

text: multi

text: occupancy

text: building

text: of

text: any

text: sort

text: and

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: England

text: especially

text: Devon

text: and

text: Cornwall

text: it

text: refers

text: to

text: an

text: outshot

text: or

text: additional

text: projecting

text: part

text: at

text: the

text: back

text: of

text: terraced

text: house

text: normally

text: with

text: its

text: own

text: roof

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

text: Sandstone (sometimes known as arenite) is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.

text: Sandstone

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: arenite

text: is

text: clastic

text: sedimentary

text: rock

text: composed

text: mainly

text: of

text: sand

text: sized

text: minerals

text: or

text: rock

text: grains

text: Vancouver, officially the City of Vancouver, is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada, and the most populous city in the province.

text: Vancouver

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Vancouver

text: is

text: coastal

text: seaport

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: British

text: Columbia

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: Housing tenure refers to the financial arrangements under which someone has the right to live in a house or apartment. The most frequent forms are tenancy, in which rent is paid to a landlord, and owner-occupancy. Mixed forms of tenure are also possible.

text: Housing

text: tenure

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: financial

text: arrangements

text: under

text: which

text: someone

text: has

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: live

text: in

text: house

text: or

text: apartment

text: The

text: most

text: frequent

text: forms

text: are

text: tenancy

text: in

text: which

text: rent

text: is

text: paid

text: to

text: landlord

text: and

text: owner

text: occupancy

text: Mixed

text: forms

text: of

text: tenure

text: are

text: also

text: possible

text: Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels"), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the second-most populous city in the United States (after New York City), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County. Situated in Southern California, Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, sprawling metropolis, and as a major center of the American entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over .

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Spanish

text: for

text: The

text: Angels

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: often

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: initials

text: L.A.

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: California

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: Situated

text: in

text: Southern

text: California

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: mediterranean

text: climate

text: ethnic

text: diversity

text: sprawling

text: metropolis

text: and

text: as

text: major

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: lies

text: in

text: large

text: coastal

text: basin

text: surrounded

text: on

text: three

text: sides

text: by

text: mountains

text: reaching

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: over

text: An apartment (in American and Canadian English) or a flat (in British English) is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies only part of a building, correctly, on a single level without a stair. Such a building may be called an "apartment building", "apartment complex", "flat complex", "block of flats", "tower block", "high-rise" or, occasionally "mansion block" (in British English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent. In Scotland it is called a block of flats or, if it's a traditional sandstone building, a "tenement", which has a pejorative connotation elsewhere. Apartments may be owned by an "owner/occupier", by leasehold tenure or rented by "tenants" (two types of housing tenure).

text: An

text: apartment

text: in

text: American

text: and

text: Canadian

text: English

text: or

text: flat

text: in

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: self

text: contained

text: housing

text: unit

text: type

text: of

text: residential

text: real

text: estate

text: that

text: occupies

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: building

text: correctly

text: on

text: single

text: level

text: without

text: stair

text: Such

text: building

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: apartment

text: building

text: apartment

text: complex

text: flat

text: complex

text: block

text: of

text: flats

text: tower

text: block

text: high

text: rise

text: or

text: occasionally

text: mansion

text: block

text: in

text: British

text: English

text: especially

text: if

text: it

text: consists

text: of

text: many

text: apartments

text: for

text: rent

text: In

text: Scotland

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: block

text: of

text: flats

text: or

text: if

text: it

text: 's

text: traditional

text: sandstone

text: building

text: tenement

text: which

text: has

text: pejorative

text: connotation

text: elsewhere

text: Apartments

text: may

text: be

text: owned

text: by

text: an

text: owner

text: occupier

text: by

text: leasehold

text: tenure

text: or

text: rented

text: by

text: tenants

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: housing

text: tenure

text: California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.

text: California

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: California

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Oregon

text: Nevada

text: and

text: Arizona

text: and

text: shares

text: an

text: international

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Mexican

text: state

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Sacramento

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: California

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: state

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: county

text: by

text: area

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: County

text: British English is the English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom or, more broadly, throughout the British Isles. Slight regional variations exist in formal, written English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective "wee" is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland and Northern Ireland, and occasionally Yorkshire, whereas "little" is predominant elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is a meaningful degree of uniformity in "written" English within the United Kingdom, and this could be described by the term "British English". The forms of "spoken" English, however, vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken, so a uniform concept of British English is more difficult to apply to the spoken language. According to Tom McArthur in the "Oxford Guide to World English", British English shares "all the ambiguities and tensions in the word "British" and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity."

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: as

text: spoken

text: and

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: or

text: more

text: broadly

text: throughout

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: Slight

text: regional

text: variations

text: exist

text: in

text: formal

text: written

text: English

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: adjective

text: wee

text: is

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: used

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: and

text: occasionally

text: Yorkshire

text: whereas

text: little

text: is

text: predominant

text: elsewhere

text: Nevertheless

text: there

text: is

text: meaningful

text: degree

text: of

text: uniformity

text: in

text: written

text: English

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: this

text: could

text: be

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: term

text: British

text: English

text: The

text: forms

text: of

text: spoken

text: English

text: however

text: vary

text: considerably

text: more

text: than

text: in

text: most

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: where

text: English

text: is

text: spoken

text: so

text: uniform

text: concept

text: of

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: apply

text: to

text: the

text: spoken

text: language

text: According

text: to

text: Tom

text: McArthur

text: in

text: the

text: Oxford

text: Guide

text: to

text: World

text: English

text: British

text: English

text: shares

text: all

text: the

text: ambiguities

text: and

text: tensions

text: in

text: the

text: word

text: British

text: and

text: as

text: result

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: and

text: interpreted

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: more

text: broadly

text: or

text: more

text: narrowly

text: within

text: range

text: of

text: blurring

text: and

text: ambiguity

text: ZGF Architects LLP (ZGF), formerly Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership, is an American architectural firm with offices in Portland, Oregon; Seattle, Washington; Los Angeles, California; Washington D.C.; New York, New York; and, as ZGF Cotter Architects Inc., in Vancouver, Canada. Founded in 1942, the firm was listed in 2011 as the #4 architectural firm in the United States by "Building Design+Construction", and ranked the #9 architectural firm by "Architect". In 2016 "Architect" named ZGF the #1 architecture firm in the country, citing the organization's dedication to sustainability as a major deciding factor. Between the company's five offices in the United States and their office in Canada they employ more than 500 employees.

text: ZGF

text: Architects

text: LLP

text: ZGF

text: formerly

text: Zimmer

text: Gunsul

text: Frasca

text: Partnership

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: architectural

text: firm

text: with

text: offices

text: in

text: Portland

text: Oregon

text: Seattle

text: Washington

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: California

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: New

text: York

text: New

text: York

text: and

text: as

text: ZGF

text: Cotter

text: Architects

text: Inc.

text: in

text: Vancouver

text: Canada

text: Founded

text: in

text: the

text: firm

text: was

text: listed

text: in

text: as

text: the

text: architectural

text: firm

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: Building

text: Design+Construction

text: and

text: ranked

text: the

text: architectural

text: firm

text: by

text: Architect

text: In

text: Architect

text: named

text: ZGF

text: the

text: architecture

text: firm

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: citing

text: the

text: organization

text: 's

text: dedication

text: to

text: sustainability

text: as

text: major

text: deciding

text: factor

text: Between

text: the

text: company

text: 's

text: five

text: offices

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: their

text: office

text: in

text: Canada

text: they

text: employ

text: more

text: than

text: employees

text: Twelve West ( stylized as twelve west ) is a 22 - floor , mixed - use apartment and office building located in downtown Portland , Oregon , United States . The building is home to INDIGO @ twelve west apartments and ZGF Architects LLP . During design and construction the building was known as `` 12W '' and `` ZGF Tower '' , but the name changed after a naming contest in July 2009 . Initial plans included a hotel and a total of 31 floors , but they were revised after the hotel company withdrew . The building is located on S.W. Washington Street , north side , spanning the block from 12th to 13th Avenues .

text: Twelve

text: West

text: stylized

text: as

text: twelve

text: west

text: is

text: floor

text: mixed

text: use

text: apartment

text: and

text: office

text: building

text: located

text: in

text: downtown

text: Portland

text: Oregon

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: building

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: INDIGO

text: twelve

text: west

text: apartments

text: and

text: ZGF

text: Architects

text: LLP

text: During

text: design

text: and

text: construction

text: the

text: building

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: and

text: ZGF

text: Tower

text: but

text: the

text: name

text: changed

text: after

text: naming

text: contest

text: in

text: July

text: Initial

text: plans

text: included

text: hotel

text: and

text: total

text: of

text: floors

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: revised

text: after

text: the

text: hotel

text: company

text: withdrew

text: The

text: building

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: S.W.

text: Washington

text: Street

text: north

text: side

text: spanning

text: the

text: block

text: from

text: to

text: Avenues

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

question: instance_of twelve west

answer: tower block

text: tower block

text: tower block


text: The Baptistina family is an asteroid family that was probably produced by the breakup of an asteroid 170 km ( 110 mi ) across 80 million years ago following an impact with a smaller body . The two largest presumed remnants of the parent asteroid are main - belt asteroids 298 Baptistina and 1696 Nurmela . The Baptistina family may consist of uncommon carbonaceous chondrite asteroids and meteoroids in similar orbits . Many mountain - sized fragments from the collision would have leaked into the inner solar system through orbital resonances with Mars and Jupiter , causing a prolonged series of asteroid impacts . Previously this collision was believed to have occurred about 160 million years ago , and many impacts between 100 and 50 million years ago were attributed to it . However , new data in 2011 from the Wide - field Infrared Survey Explorer revised the date of the proposed collision which broke up the parent asteroid to about 80 million years ago .

text: The

text: Baptistina

text: family

text: is

text: an

text: asteroid

text: family

text: that

text: was

text: probably

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: breakup

text: of

text: an

text: asteroid

text: km

text: mi

text: across

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: following

text: an

text: impact

text: with

text: smaller

text: body

text: The

text: two

text: largest

text: presumed

text: remnants

text: of

text: the

text: parent

text: asteroid

text: are

text: main

text: belt

text: asteroids

text: Baptistina

text: and

text: Nurmela

text: The

text: Baptistina

text: family

text: may

text: consist

text: of

text: uncommon

text: carbonaceous

text: chondrite

text: asteroids

text: and

text: meteoroids

text: in

text: similar

text: orbits

text: Many

text: mountain

text: sized

text: fragments

text: from

text: the

text: collision

text: would

text: have

text: leaked

text: into

text: the

text: inner

text: solar

text: system

text: through

text: orbital

text: resonances

text: with

text: Mars

text: and

text: Jupiter

text: causing

text: prolonged

text: series

text: of

text: asteroid

text: impacts

text: Previously

text: this

text: collision

text: was

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: occurred

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: and

text: many

text: impacts

text: between

text: and

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: were

text: attributed

text: to

text: it

text: However

text: new

text: data

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: Wide

text: field

text: Infrared

text: Survey

text: Explorer

text: revised

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: the

text: proposed

text: collision

text: which

text: broke

text: up

text: the

text: parent

text: asteroid

text: to

text: about

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: A comet is an icy small Solar System body that, when passing close to the Sun, warms and begins to evolve gasses, a process called outgassing. This produces a visible atmosphere or coma, and sometimes also a tail. These phenomena are due to the effects of solar radiation and the solar wind acting upon the nucleus of the comet. Comet nuclei range from a few hundred metres to tens of kilometres across and are composed of loose collections of ice, dust, and small rocky particles. The coma may be up to 15 times the Earth's diameter, while the tail may stretch one astronomical unit. If sufficiently bright, a comet may be seen from the Earth without the aid of a telescope and may subtend an arc of 30° (60 Moons) across the sky. Comets have been observed and recorded since ancient times by many cultures.

text: comet

text: is

text: an

text: icy

text: small

text: Solar

text: System

text: body

text: that

text: when

text: passing

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: Sun

text: warms

text: and

text: begins

text: to

text: evolve

text: gasses

text: process

text: called

text: outgassing

text: This

text: produces

text: visible

text: atmosphere

text: or

text: coma

text: and

text: sometimes

text: also

text: tail

text: These

text: phenomena

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: effects

text: of

text: solar

text: radiation

text: and

text: the

text: solar

text: wind

text: acting

text: upon

text: the

text: nucleus

text: of

text: the

text: comet

text: Comet

text: nuclei

text: range

text: from

text: few

text: hundred

text: metres

text: to

text: tens

text: of

text: kilometres

text: across

text: and

text: are

text: composed

text: of

text: loose

text: collections

text: of

text: ice

text: dust

text: and

text: small

text: rocky

text: particles

text: The

text: coma

text: may

text: be

text: up

text: to

text: times

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: diameter

text: while

text: the

text: tail

text: may

text: stretch

text: one

text: astronomical

text: unit

text: If

text: sufficiently

text: bright

text: comet

text: may

text: be

text: seen

text: from

text: the

text: Earth

text: without

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: telescope

text: and

text: may

text: subtend

text: an

text: arc

text: of

text: Moons

text: across

text: the

text: sky

text: Comets

text: have

text: been

text: observed

text: and

text: recorded

text: since

text: ancient

text: times

text: by

text: many

text: cultures

text:
A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that
The term "planet" is ancient, with ties to history, astrology, science, mythology, and religion. Several planets in the Solar System can be seen with the naked eye. These were regarded by many early cultures as divine, or as emissaries of deities. As scientific knowledge advanced, human perception of the planets changed, incorporating a number of disparate objects. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System. This definition is controversial because it excludes many objects of planetary mass based on where or what they orbit. Although eight of the planetary bodies discovered before 1950 remain "planets" under the modern definition, some celestial bodies, such as Ceres, Pallas, Juno and Vesta (each an object in the solar asteroid belt), and Pluto (the first trans-Neptunian object discovered), that were once considered planets by the scientific community, are no longer viewed as such.

text: planet

text: is

text: an

text: astronomical

text: body

text: orbiting

text: star

text: or

text: stellar

text: remnant

text: that

text: The

text: term

text: planet

text: is

text: ancient

text: with

text: ties

text: to

text: history

text: astrology

text: science

text: mythology

text: and

text: religion

text: Several

text: planets

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: with

text: the

text: naked

text: eye

text: These

text: were

text: regarded

text: by

text: many

text: early

text: cultures

text: as

text: divine

text: or

text: as

text: emissaries

text: of

text: deities

text: As

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: advanced

text: human

text: perception

text: of

text: the

text: planets

text: changed

text: incorporating

text: number

text: of

text: disparate

text: objects

text: In

text: the

text: International

text: Astronomical

text: Union

text: IAU

text: officially

text: adopted

text: resolution

text: defining

text: planets

text: within

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: This

text: definition

text: is

text: controversial

text: because

text: it

text: excludes

text: many

text: objects

text: of

text: planetary

text: mass

text: based

text: on

text: where

text: or

text: what

text: they

text: orbit

text: Although

text: eight

text: of

text: the

text: planetary

text: bodies

text: discovered

text: before

text: remain

text: planets

text: under

text: the

text: modern

text: definition

text: some

text: celestial

text: bodies

text: such

text: as

text: Ceres

text: Pallas

text: Juno

text: and

text: Vesta

text: each

text: an

text: object

text: in

text: the

text: solar

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: and

text: Pluto

text: the

text: first

text: trans

text: Neptunian

text: object

text: discovered

text: that

text: were

text: once

text: considered

text: planets

text: by

text: the

text: scientific

text: community

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: viewed

text: as

text: such

text: The Flora or Florian family of asteroids is a large grouping of S-type asteroids in the inner main belt, whose origin and properties are relatively poorly understood at present. Roughly 45% of all main belt asteroids belong to this family.

text: The

text: Flora

text: or

text: Florian

text: family

text: of

text: asteroids

text: is

text: large

text: grouping

text: of

text: type

text: asteroids

text: in

text: the

text: inner

text: main

text: belt

text: whose

text: origin

text: and

text: properties

text: are

text: relatively

text: poorly

text: understood

text: at

text: present

text: Roughly

text: of

text: all

text: main

text: belt

text: asteroids

text: belong

text: to

text: this

text: family

text: Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a giant planet with a mass one-thousandth that of the Sun, but two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined. Jupiter is a gas giant, along with Saturn, with the other two giant planets, Uranus and Neptune, being ice giants. Jupiter was known to astronomers of ancient times. The Romans named it after their god Jupiter. When viewed from Earth, Jupiter can reach an apparent magnitude of 2.94, bright enough for its reflected light to cast shadows, and making it on average the third-brightest object in the night sky after the Moon and Venus.

text: Jupiter

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: planet

text: from

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: It

text: is

text: giant

text: planet

text: with

text: mass

text: one

text: thousandth

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: but

text: two

text: and

text: half

text: times

text: that

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: other

text: planets

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: combined

text: Jupiter

text: is

text: gas

text: giant

text: along

text: with

text: Saturn

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: giant

text: planets

text: Uranus

text: and

text: Neptune

text: being

text: ice

text: giants

text: Jupiter

text: was

text: known

text: to

text: astronomers

text: of

text: ancient

text: times

text: The

text: Romans

text: named

text: it

text: after

text: their

text: god

text: Jupiter

text: When

text: viewed

text: from

text: Earth

text: Jupiter

text: can

text: reach

text: an

text: apparent

text: magnitude

text: of

text: bright

text: enough

text: for

text: its

text: reflected

text: light

text: to

text: cast

text: shadows

text: and

text: making

text: it

text: on

text: average

text: the

text: third

text: brightest

text: object

text: in

text: the

text: night

text: sky

text: after

text: the

text: Moon

text: and

text: Venus

text: Nice (; Niçard , classical norm, or "", nonstandard,  ) is the fifth most populous city in France and the capital of the Alpes-Maritimes "département". The urban area of Nice extends beyond the administrative city limits, with a population of about 1 million on an area of . Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast and the second-largest city in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region after Marseille. Nice is about 13 kilometres (8 miles) from the principality of Monaco, and its airport is a gateway to the principality as well.

text: Nice

text: Niçard

text: classical

text: norm

text: or

text: nonstandard

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Alpes

text: Maritimes

text: département

text: The

text: urban

text: area

text: of

text: Nice

text: extends

text: beyond

text: the

text: administrative

text: city

text: limits

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: on

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: French

text: Riviera

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: France

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: at

text: the

text: foot

text: of

text: the

text: Alps

text: Nice

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: French

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Provence

text: Alpes

text: Côte

text: d'Azur

text: region

text: after

text: Marseille

text: Nice

text: is

text: about

text: kilometres

text: miles

text: from

text: the

text: principality

text: of

text: Monaco

text: and

text: its

text: airport

text: is

text: gateway

text: to

text: the

text: principality

text: as

text: well

text: 1696 Nurmela, provisional designation , is a carbonaceous Baptistina asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 March 1939, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland.

text: Nurmela

text: provisional

text: designation

text: is

text: carbonaceous

text: Baptistina

text: asteroid

text: from

text: the

text: inner

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: approximately

text: kilometers

text: in

text: diameter

text: It

text: was

text: discovered

text: on

text: March

text: by

text: Finnish

text: astronomer

text: Yrjö

text: Väisälä

text: at

text: Turku

text: Observatory

text: in

text: Southwest

text: Finland

text: Orbital elements are the parameters required to uniquely identify a specific orbit. In celestial mechanics these elements are generally considered in classical two-body systems, where a Kepler orbit is used (derived from Newton's laws of motion and Newton's law of universal gravitation). There are many different ways to mathematically describe the same orbit, but certain schemes, each consisting of a set of six parameters, are commonly used in astronomy and orbital mechanics.

text: Orbital

text: elements

text: are

text: the

text: parameters

text: required

text: to

text: uniquely

text: identify

text: specific

text: orbit

text: In

text: celestial

text: mechanics

text: these

text: elements

text: are

text: generally

text: considered

text: in

text: classical

text: two

text: body

text: systems

text: where

text: Kepler

text: orbit

text: is

text: used

text: derived

text: from

text: Newton

text: 's

text: laws

text: of

text: motion

text: and

text: Newton

text: 's

text: law

text: of

text: universal

text: gravitation

text: There

text: are

text: many

text: different

text: ways

text: to

text: mathematically

text: describe

text: the

text: same

text: orbit

text: but

text: certain

text: schemes

text: each

text: consisting

text: of

text: set

text: of

text: six

text: parameters

text: are

text: commonly

text: used

text: in

text: astronomy

text: and

text: orbital

text: mechanics

text: Yrjö Väisälä (6 September 1891 in Utra, Kontiolahti, Grand Duchy of Finland  21 July 1971 in Rymättylä, Finland) was a Finnish astronomer and physicist.

text: Yrjö

text: Väisälä

text: September

text: in

text: Utra

text: Kontiolahti

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Finland

text: July

text: in

text: Rymättylä

text: Finland

text: was

text: Finnish

text: astronomer

text: and

text: physicist

text: Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) is a NASA infrared-wavelength astronomical space telescope launched in December 2009, and placed in hibernation in February 2011 when its transmitter turned off. It was re-activated in 2013. WISE discovered thousands of minor planets and numerous star clusters. Its observations also supported the discovery of the first Y Dwarf and Earth trojan asteroid.

text: Wide

text: field

text: Infrared

text: Survey

text: Explorer

text: WISE

text: is

text: NASA

text: infrared

text: wavelength

text: astronomical

text: space

text: telescope

text: launched

text: in

text: December

text: and

text: placed

text: in

text: hibernation

text: in

text: February

text: when

text: its

text: transmitter

text: turned

text: off

text: It

text: was

text: re

text: activated

text: in

text: WISE

text: discovered

text: thousands

text: of

text: minor

text: planets

text: and

text: numerous

text: star

text: clusters

text: Its

text: observations

text: also

text: supported

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: Dwarf

text: and

text: Earth

text: trojan

text: asteroid

text: A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is neither a planet nor exclusively classified as a comet. Minor planets can be dwarf planets, asteroids, trojans, centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and other trans-Neptunian objects. As of 2016, the orbits of 709,706 minor planets were archived at the Minor Planet Center, 469,275 of which had received permanent numbers ).

text: minor

text: planet

text: is

text: an

text: astronomical

text: object

text: in

text: direct

text: orbit

text: around

text: the

text: Sun

text: that

text: is

text: neither

text: planet

text: nor

text: exclusively

text: classified

text: as

text: comet

text: Minor

text: planets

text: can

text: be

text: dwarf

text: planets

text: asteroids

text: trojans

text: centaurs

text: Kuiper

text: belt

text: objects

text: and

text: other

text: trans

text: Neptunian

text: objects

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: orbits

text: of

text: minor

text: planets

text: were

text: archived

text: at

text: the

text: Minor

text: Planet

text: Center

text: of

text: which

text: had

text: received

text: permanent

text: numbers

text: Asteroids are minor planets, especially those of the inner Solar System. The larger ones have also been called planetoids. These terms have historically been applied to any astronomical object orbiting the Sun that did not show the disc of a planet and was not observed to have the characteristics of an active comet. As minor planets in the outer Solar System were discovered and found to have volatile-based surfaces that resemble those of comets, they were often distinguished from asteroids of the asteroid belt. In this article, the term "asteroid" refers to the minor planets of the inner Solar System including those co-orbital with Jupiter.

text: Asteroids

text: are

text: minor

text: planets

text: especially

text: those

text: of

text: the

text: inner

text: Solar

text: System

text: The

text: larger

text: ones

text: have

text: also

text: been

text: called

text: planetoids

text: These

text: terms

text: have

text: historically

text: been

text: applied

text: to

text: any

text: astronomical

text: object

text: orbiting

text: the

text: Sun

text: that

text: did

text: not

text: show

text: the

text: disc

text: of

text: planet

text: and

text: was

text: not

text: observed

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: characteristics

text: of

text: an

text: active

text: comet

text: As

text: minor

text: planets

text: in

text: the

text: outer

text: Solar

text: System

text: were

text: discovered

text: and

text: found

text: to

text: have

text: volatile

text: based

text: surfaces

text: that

text: resemble

text: those

text: of

text: comets

text: they

text: were

text: often

text: distinguished

text: from

text: asteroids

text: of

text: the

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: In

text: this

text: article

text: the

text: term

text: asteroid

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: minor

text: planets

text: of

text: the

text: inner

text: Solar

text: System

text: including

text: those

text: co

text: orbital

text: with

text: Jupiter

text: 298 Baptistina is an asteroid orbiting in the asteroid belt. It is the namesake of the Baptistina family. It was discovered on September 9, 1890, by Auguste Charlois of Nice. The source of its name is unknown. It measures somewhere around in diameter. Although it has an orbit similar to the Flora family asteroids, Baptistina is an unrelated interloper. It was once considered a possible source of the impactor that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs, a possibility ruled out by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer in 2011. "(See Baptistina family.)"

text: Baptistina

text: is

text: an

text: asteroid

text: orbiting

text: in

text: the

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: namesake

text: of

text: the

text: Baptistina

text: family

text: It

text: was

text: discovered

text: on

text: September

text: by

text: Auguste

text: Charlois

text: of

text: Nice

text: The

text: source

text: of

text: its

text: name

text: is

text: unknown

text: It

text: measures

text: somewhere

text: around

text: in

text: diameter

text: Although

text: it

text: has

text: an

text: orbit

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Flora

text: family

text: asteroids

text: Baptistina

text: is

text: an

text: unrelated

text: interloper

text: It

text: was

text: once

text: considered

text: possible

text: source

text: of

text: the

text: impactor

text: that

text: caused

text: the

text: extinction

text: of

text: the

text: dinosaurs

text: possibility

text: ruled

text: out

text: by

text: the

text: Wide

text: field

text: Infrared

text: Survey

text: Explorer

text: in

text: See

text: Baptistina

text: family

text: The proper orbital elements of an orbit are constants of motion of an object in space that remain practically unchanged over an astronomically long timescale. The term is usually used to describe the three quantities:

text: The

text: proper

text: orbital

text: elements

text: of

text: an

text: orbit

text: are

text: constants

text: of

text: motion

text: of

text: an

text: object

text: in

text: space

text: that

text: remain

text: practically

text: unchanged

text: over

text: an

text: astronomically

text: long

text: timescale

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: usually

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: three

text: quantities

text: An asteroid family is a population of asteroids that share similar proper orbital elements, such as semimajor axis, eccentricity, and orbital inclination. The members of the families are thought to be fragments of past asteroid collisions. An asteroid family is a more specific term than asteroid group whose members, while sharing some broad orbital characteristics, may be otherwise unrelated to each other.

text: An

text: asteroid

text: family

text: is

text: population

text: of

text: asteroids

text: that

text: share

text: similar

text: proper

text: orbital

text: elements

text: such

text: as

text: semimajor

text: axis

text: eccentricity

text: and

text: orbital

text: inclination

text: The

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: families

text: are

text: thought

text: to

text: be

text: fragments

text: of

text: past

text: asteroid

text: collisions

text: An

text: asteroid

text: family

text: is

text: more

text: specific

text: term

text: than

text: asteroid

text: group

text: whose

text: members

text: while

text: sharing

text: some

text: broad

text: orbital

text: characteristics

text: may

text: be

text: otherwise

text: unrelated

text: to

text: each

text: other

text: Auguste Honoré Charlois (November 26, 1864  March 26, 1910) was a French astronomer who discovered 99 asteroids while working at the Nice Observatory in southeastern France.

text: Auguste

text: Honoré

text: Charlois

text: November

text: March

text: was

text: French

text: astronomer

text: who

text: discovered

text: asteroids

text: while

text: working

text: at

text: the

text: Nice

text: Observatory

text: in

text: southeastern

text: France

text: The asteroid belt is the circumstellar disc in the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter. It is occupied by numerous irregularly shaped bodies called asteroids or minor planets. The asteroid belt is also termed the main asteroid belt or main belt to distinguish it from other asteroid populations in the Solar System such as near-Earth asteroids and trojan asteroids. About half the mass of the belt is contained in the four largest asteroids: Ceres, Vesta, Pallas, and Hygiea. The total mass of the asteroid belt is approximately 4% that of the Moon, or 22% that of Pluto, and roughly twice that of Pluto's moon Charon (whose diameter is 1200 km).

text: The

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: is

text: the

text: circumstellar

text: disc

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: located

text: roughly

text: between

text: the

text: orbits

text: of

text: the

text: planets

text: Mars

text: and

text: Jupiter

text: It

text: is

text: occupied

text: by

text: numerous

text: irregularly

text: shaped

text: bodies

text: called

text: asteroids

text: or

text: minor

text: planets

text: The

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: is

text: also

text: termed

text: the

text: main

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: or

text: main

text: belt

text: to

text: distinguish

text: it

text: from

text: other

text: asteroid

text: populations

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: such

text: as

text: near

text: Earth

text: asteroids

text: and

text: trojan

text: asteroids

text: About

text: half

text: the

text: mass

text: of

text: the

text: belt

text: is

text: contained

text: in

text: the

text: four

text: largest

text: asteroids

text: Ceres

text: Vesta

text: Pallas

text: and

text: Hygiea

text: The

text: total

text: mass

text: of

text: the

text: asteroid

text: belt

text: is

text: approximately

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Moon

text: or

text: that

text: of

text: Pluto

text: and

text: roughly

text: twice

text: that

text: of

text: Pluto

text: 's

text: moon

text: Charon

text: whose

text: diameter

text: is

text: km

text:
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System. It is a nearly perfect sphere of hot plasma, with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process.<ref name="doi10.1146/annurev-astro-081913-040012"></ref> It is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. Its diameter is about 109 times that of Earth, and its mass is about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.
About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen (~73%); the rest is mostly helium (~25%), with much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon, and iron.

text: The

text: Sun

text: is

text: the

text: star

text: at

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: It

text: is

text: nearly

text: perfect

text: sphere

text: of

text: hot

text: plasma

text: with

text: internal

text: convective

text: motion

text: that

text: generates

text: magnetic

text: field

text: via

text: dynamo

text: process.<ref

text: It

text: is

text: by

text: far

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: source

text: of

text: energy

text: for

text: life

text: on

text: Earth

text: Its

text: diameter

text: is

text: about

text: times

text: that

text: of

text: Earth

text: and

text: its

text: mass

text: is

text: about

text: times

text: that

text: of

text: Earth

text: accounting

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: mass

text: of

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: About

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: 's

text: mass

text: consists

text: of

text: hydrogen

text: the

text: rest

text: is

text: mostly

text: helium

text: with

text: much

text: smaller

text: quantities

text: of

text: heavier

text: elements

text: including

text: oxygen

text: carbon

text: neon

text: and

text: iron

question: part_of baptistina family

answer: inner main belt

text: inner main belt