text: Sridevi Kapoor (born Shree Amma Yanger Ayyapan; 13 August 1963) is an Indian film actress who has worked in Tamil, Hindi, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada films. She has been called the first female superstar of Hindi cinema.

text: Sridevi

text: Kapoor

text: born

text: Shree

text: Amma

text: Yanger

text: Ayyapan

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actress

text: who

text: has

text: worked

text: in

text: Tamil

text: Hindi

text: Telugu

text: Malayalam

text: and

text: Kannada

text: films

text: She

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: first

text: female

text: superstar

text: of

text: Hindi

text: cinema

text: 16 Vayathinile (read as "Pathinaaru Vayathinile") is a 1977 Indian Tamil language drama film written and directed by P. Bharathiraja in his directorial debut. The film features Kamal Haasan, Sridevi, and Rajinikanth in the lead roles, with Ganthimathi, Sathyajith and Goundamani in supporting roles. "16 Vayathinile" soundtrack album and background score were composed by Ilaiyaraaja, with cinematography by P. S. Nivas. P. Kalaimani wrote the film's dialogue.

text: Vayathinile

text: read

text: as

text: Pathinaaru

text: Vayathinile

text: is

text: Indian

text: Tamil

text: language

text: drama

text: film

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Bharathiraja

text: in

text: his

text: directorial

text: debut

text: The

text: film

text: features

text: Kamal

text: Haasan

text: Sridevi

text: and

text: Rajinikanth

text: in

text: the

text: lead

text: roles

text: with

text: Ganthimathi

text: Sathyajith

text: and

text: Goundamani

text: in

text: supporting

text: roles

text: Vayathinile

text: soundtrack

text: album

text: and

text: background

text: score

text: were

text: composed

text: by

text: Ilaiyaraaja

text: with

text: cinematography

text: by

text: Nivas

text: Kalaimani

text: wrote

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: dialogue

text: Kailasam Balachander (9 July 1930  23 December 2014) was an Indian director, producer, writer, actor, playwright, stage conductor, and comedian who worked mainly in the Tamil film industry. He was well known for his distinct film-making style, and the Indian film industry knew him as a master of unconventional themes and hard-hitting contemporary subject matter. Balachander's films are well known for their portrayal of women as bold personalities and central characters. Popularly referred to as "Iyakkunar Sigaram" (Tamil:   meaning "the director who scaled the peak"), his films are usually centred on unusual or complicated interpersonal relationships and social themes. Starting his cinematic career as a screenwriter, Balachander soon graduated as a director with "Neerkumizhi" in 1965. He was given a break into Tamil films by M. G. Ramachandran.

text: Kailasam

text: Balachander

text: July

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: Indian

text: director

text: producer

text: writer

text: actor

text: playwright

text: stage

text: conductor

text: and

text: comedian

text: who

text: worked

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: Tamil

text: film

text: industry

text: He

text: was

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: distinct

text: film

text: making

text: style

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: film

text: industry

text: knew

text: him

text: as

text: master

text: of

text: unconventional

text: themes

text: and

text: hard

text: hitting

text: contemporary

text: subject

text: matter

text: Balachander

text: 's

text: films

text: are

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: portrayal

text: of

text: women

text: as

text: bold

text: personalities

text: and

text: central

text: characters

text: Popularly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Iyakkunar

text: Sigaram

text: Tamil

text: meaning

text: the

text: director

text: who

text: scaled

text: the

text: peak

text: his

text: films

text: are

text: usually

text: centred

text: on

text: unusual

text: or

text: complicated

text: interpersonal

text: relationships

text: and

text: social

text: themes

text: Starting

text: his

text: cinematic

text: career

text: as

text: screenwriter

text: Balachander

text: soon

text: graduated

text: as

text: director

text: with

text: Neerkumizhi

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: given

text: break

text: into

text: Tamil

text: films

text: by

text: Ramachandran

text:
The Nandi Awards is the highest award ceremony for excellence in Telugu cinema, Telugu theatre, Telugu Television, and Lifetime achievements in Indian cinema, presented annually by the Governments of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. "Nandi" means "bull", the award being named after the big granite bull at Lepakshi  a cultural and historical symbol of the Telugu people.
Nandi Awards are presented in four categories: Gold, Silver, Bronze, and Copper. A variant, the Nandi Natakotsavam Awards for Theater, is also given every year by the government for social, mythological and poetic dramas.

text: The

text: Nandi

text: Awards

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: award

text: ceremony

text: for

text: excellence

text: in

text: Telugu

text: cinema

text: Telugu

text: theatre

text: Telugu

text: Television

text: and

text: Lifetime

text: achievements

text: in

text: Indian

text: cinema

text: presented

text: annually

text: by

text: the

text: Governments

text: of

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: and

text: Telangana

text: Nandi

text: means

text: bull

text: the

text: award

text: being

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: big

text: granite

text: bull

text: at

text: Lepakshi

text: cultural

text: and

text: historical

text: symbol

text: of

text: the

text: Telugu

text: people

text: Nandi

text: Awards

text: are

text: presented

text: in

text: four

text: categories

text: Gold

text: Silver

text: Bronze

text: and

text: Copper

text: variant

text: the

text: Nandi

text: Natakotsavam

text: Awards

text: for

text: Theater

text: is

text: also

text: given

text: every

text: year

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: for

text: social

text: mythological

text: and

text: poetic

text: dramas

text: Filmfare Awards South is the South Indian segment of the annual Filmfare Awards, presented by The Times Group to honour both artistic and technical excellence of professionals in the South Indian film industry. The awards were introduced in 1954, around the films released in 1953 & Filmfare Awards initially recognizing the Hindi film industries. In 1964 awards were extended to Best Picture in Tamil, Telugu, Bengali and Marathi, around the films released in 1963.The inclusion of Malayalam cinema in the awards came in 1967 while Kannada cinema was recognized in 1970. Each industry is given its own set of creative awards in annual ceremonies that have predominantly been held in Chennai and Hyderabad.

text: Filmfare

text: Awards

text: South

text: is

text: the

text: South

text: Indian

text: segment

text: of

text: the

text: annual

text: Filmfare

text: Awards

text: presented

text: by

text: The

text: Times

text: Group

text: to

text: honour

text: both

text: artistic

text: and

text: technical

text: excellence

text: of

text: professionals

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Indian

text: film

text: industry

text: The

text: awards

text: were

text: introduced

text: in

text: around

text: the

text: films

text: released

text: in

text: Filmfare

text: Awards

text: initially

text: recognizing

text: the

text: Hindi

text: film

text: industries

text: In

text: awards

text: were

text: extended

text: to

text: Best

text: Picture

text: in

text: Tamil

text: Telugu

text: Bengali

text: and

text: Marathi

text: around

text: the

text: films

text: released

text: in

text: inclusion

text: of

text: Malayalam

text: cinema

text: in

text: the

text: awards

text: came

text: in

text: while

text: Kannada

text: cinema

text: was

text: recognized

text: in

text: Each

text: industry

text: is

text: given

text: its

text: own

text: set

text: of

text: creative

text: awards

text: in

text: annual

text: ceremonies

text: that

text: have

text: predominantly

text: been

text: held

text: in

text: Chennai

text: and

text: Hyderabad

text: Tamil cinema is a film industry that is a part of the cinema of India, dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Tamil language. Based in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, its hub is the Kodambakkam neighbourhood of Chennai, which has led to the industry's nickname Kollywood, the term being a portmanteau of the words Kodambakkam and Hollywood. Tamil cinema has been described as the leading industry of South Indian cinema, often rivalled by Telugu cinema (in the states of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh), and accounting for the second-largest global box office gross after Hindi cinema (also known as Bollywood) among all Indian film industries.

text: Tamil

text: cinema

text: is

text: film

text: industry

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: cinema

text: of

text: India

text: dedicated

text: to

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: motion

text: pictures

text: in

text: the

text: Tamil

text: language

text: Based

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: its

text: hub

text: is

text: the

text: Kodambakkam

text: neighbourhood

text: of

text: Chennai

text: which

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: industry

text: 's

text: nickname

text: Kollywood

text: the

text: term

text: being

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: the

text: words

text: Kodambakkam

text: and

text: Hollywood

text: Tamil

text: cinema

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: leading

text: industry

text: of

text: South

text: Indian

text: cinema

text: often

text: rivalled

text: by

text: Telugu

text: cinema

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Telangana

text: and

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: and

text: accounting

text: for

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: global

text: box

text: office

text: gross

text: after

text: Hindi

text: cinema

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Bollywood

text: among

text: all

text: Indian

text: film

text: industries

text:
Jaidev (3 August 1919  6 January 1987; born Jaidev Verma) was a music composer in Hindi films, most known for his work in films: "Hum Dono" (1961), "Reshma Aur Shera" (1972), "Prem Parbat" (1973) and "Gharonda" (1977).
He won the National Film Award for Best Music Direction, three times for "Reshma Aur Shera" (1972), "Gaman" (1979) and "Ankahee" (1985).

text: Jaidev

text: August

text: January

text: born

text: Jaidev

text: Verma

text: was

text: music

text: composer

text: in

text: Hindi

text: films

text: most

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: films

text: Hum

text: Dono

text: Reshma

text: Aur

text: Shera

text: Prem

text: Parbat

text: and

text: Gharonda

text: He

text: won

text: the

text: National

text: Film

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Music

text: Direction

text: three

text: times

text: for

text: Reshma

text: Aur

text: Shera

text: Gaman

text: and

text: Ankahee

text: Periyamayathevar Bharathiraja (born 17 July 1941) is an Indian filmmaker who works mainly in the Tamil film industry. He made his debut in "16 Vayathinile" (1977) and is known for realistic and sensitive portrayal of village-life in his films. As of 2015, he has won six National Film Awards, two Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and is also a recipient of other awards such as Filmfare Awards South, Cinema Express Awards, and Nandi Awards.

text: Periyamayathevar

text: Bharathiraja

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: filmmaker

text: who

text: works

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: Tamil

text: film

text: industry

text: He

text: made

text: his

text: debut

text: in

text: Vayathinile

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: realistic

text: and

text: sensitive

text: portrayal

text: of

text: village

text: life

text: in

text: his

text: films

text: As

text: of

text: he

text: has

text: won

text: six

text: National

text: Film

text: Awards

text: two

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: State

text: Film

text: Awards

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: recipient

text: of

text: other

text: awards

text: such

text: as

text: Filmfare

text: Awards

text: South

text: Cinema

text: Express

text: Awards

text: and

text: Nandi

text: Awards

text: Solva Sawan is a 1979 Bollywood film directed by P. Bharathiraja . The Music was composed by Jaidev while cinematography was handled by P. S. Nivas . It is a remake of Bharathiraja 's debut film 16 Vayathinile ( 1977 ) which starred Kamal Hassan , Sridevi , and Rajinikanth . The film was also remade in Telugu , again starring Sridevi as Padaharella Vayasu ( 1978 ) .

text: Solva

text: Sawan

text: is

text: Bollywood

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Bharathiraja

text: The

text: Music

text: was

text: composed

text: by

text: Jaidev

text: while

text: cinematography

text: was

text: handled

text: by

text: Nivas

text: It

text: is

text: remake

text: of

text: Bharathiraja

text: 's

text: debut

text: film

text: Vayathinile

text: which

text: starred

text: Kamal

text: Hassan

text: Sridevi

text: and

text: Rajinikanth

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: also

text: remade

text: in

text: Telugu

text: again

text: starring

text: Sridevi

text: as

text: Padaharella

text: Vayasu

text: Tamil Nadu State Film Awards are the most notable film awards given for Tamil films in India. They are given annually to honour the best talents and provide encouragement and incentive to the South Indian film industry by the Government of Tamil Nadu. The awards are decided by a committee headed by a Judge. The awards were first given in 1967 and discontinued after 1970. The awards were given again in 1977 and continued till 1982. The awards were not given in the years 1971 to 1976. However in the year 1977, the awards for Best Actress and Best Actor were announced for the years 1971 to 1976 by way of honorary certificates by the government led by the then chief minister M.G.Ramachandran. Since 1988, the awards were regularly given until it became defunct in 2008.

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: State

text: Film

text: Awards

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: film

text: awards

text: given

text: for

text: Tamil

text: films

text: in

text: India

text: They

text: are

text: given

text: annually

text: to

text: honour

text: the

text: best

text: talents

text: and

text: provide

text: encouragement

text: and

text: incentive

text: to

text: the

text: South

text: Indian

text: film

text: industry

text: by

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: The

text: awards

text: are

text: decided

text: by

text: committee

text: headed

text: by

text: Judge

text: The

text: awards

text: were

text: first

text: given

text: in

text: and

text: discontinued

text: after

text: The

text: awards

text: were

text: given

text: again

text: in

text: and

text: continued

text: till

text: The

text: awards

text: were

text: not

text: given

text: in

text: the

text: years

text: to

text: However

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: awards

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: and

text: Best

text: Actor

text: were

text: announced

text: for

text: the

text: years

text: to

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: honorary

text: certificates

text: by

text: the

text: government

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: then

text: chief

text: minister

text: M.G.Ramachandran

text: Since

text: the

text: awards

text: were

text: regularly

text: given

text: until

text: it

text: became

text: defunct

text: in

text: Singers S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra and S. Janaki have sung more of his songs than any other singers. He integrated folkin Tamiland introduced western musical sensibilities into the South Indian musical mainstream. Ilaiyaraja is also known for creating music by fusing symphonic orchestration with traditional Indian instrumentation, often performed by Budapest Symphony Orchestra. In 1993 he organised a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra in London and thus became the First Indian to compose a full symphony, with Ravi Shankar being the only other Indian to do so. He is also the first Asian to compose a full symphony performed by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra. He has won five Indian National Film Awards (the highest film honor in India); three for Best Music Direction and two for Best Background Score. In 2010 he has received Padma Bhushan, awarded by the Government of India.

text: Singers

text: Balasubrahmanyam

text: Chithra

text: and

text: Janaki

text: have

text: sung

text: more

text: of

text: his

text: songs

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: singers

text: He

text: integrated

text: folkin

text: Tamiland

text: introduced

text: western

text: musical

text: sensibilities

text: into

text: the

text: South

text: Indian

text: musical

text: mainstream

text: Ilaiyaraja

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: creating

text: music

text: by

text: fusing

text: symphonic

text: orchestration

text: with

text: traditional

text: Indian

text: instrumentation

text: often

text: performed

text: by

text: Budapest

text: Symphony

text: Orchestra

text: In

text: he

text: organised

text: full

text: symphony

text: performed

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Philharmonic

text: Orchestra

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: thus

text: became

text: the

text: First

text: Indian

text: to

text: compose

text: full

text: symphony

text: with

text: Ravi

text: Shankar

text: being

text: the

text: only

text: other

text: Indian

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: He

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: Asian

text: to

text: compose

text: full

text: symphony

text: performed

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Philharmonic

text: Orchestra

text: He

text: has

text: won

text: five

text: Indian

text: National

text: Film

text: Awards

text: the

text: highest

text: film

text: honor

text: in

text: India

text: three

text: for

text: Best

text: Music

text: Direction

text: and

text: two

text: for

text: Best

text: Background

text: Score

text: In

text: he

text: has

text: received

text: Padma

text: Bhushan

text: awarded

text: by

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: India

text: Reshma Aur Shera (translation: "Reshma and Shera") is a 1971 Hindi crime drama film produced and directed by Sunil Dutt and starring Waheeda Rehman as Reshma and Sunil Dutt as Shera. It also stars Vinod Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan, Raakhee and Amrish Puri in supporting roles. Sunil Dutt's son Sanjay Dutt who was 12 years at the time appears briefly as a qawali singer in his first film appearance.

text: Reshma

text: Aur

text: Shera

text: translation

text: Reshma

text: and

text: Shera

text: is

text: Hindi

text: crime

text: drama

text: film

text: produced

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Sunil

text: Dutt

text: and

text: starring

text: Waheeda

text: Rehman

text: as

text: Reshma

text: and

text: Sunil

text: Dutt

text: as

text: Shera

text: It

text: also

text: stars

text: Vinod

text: Khanna

text: Amitabh

text: Bachchan

text: Raakhee

text: and

text: Amrish

text: Puri

text: in

text: supporting

text: roles

text: Sunil

text: Dutt

text: 's

text: son

text: Sanjay

text: Dutt

text: who

text: was

text: years

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: appears

text: briefly

text: as

text: qawali

text: singer

text: in

text: his

text: first

text: film

text: appearance

text: Padaharella Vayasu is a 1978 Telugu film starring Sridevi Kapoor, Chandra Mohan, and Mohan Babu. Directed by K. Raghavendra Rao, it is a remake of the Tamil Super hit "16 Vayathinile" (1977) which starred Kamal Hassan, Rajinikanth and Sridevi.

text: Padaharella

text: Vayasu

text: is

text: Telugu

text: film

text: starring

text: Sridevi

text: Kapoor

text: Chandra

text: Mohan

text: and

text: Mohan

text: Babu

text: Directed

text: by

text: Raghavendra

text: Rao

text: it

text: is

text: remake

text: of

text: the

text: Tamil

text: Super

text: hit

text: Vayathinile

text: which

text: starred

text: Kamal

text: Hassan

text: Rajinikanth

text: and

text: Sridevi

text:
Mohan Babu (born Manchu Bhakthavatsalam Naidu) is an Indian film actor, director, and producer, known for his works predominantly in Telugu Cinema and few Tamil films.
An alumnus of the Madras Film Institute, Mohan Babu has acted in more than five hundred feature films in lead, supporting and a variety of roles.
In 1995, He has received Filmfare Best Actor Award, for his work in the multi-starrer Pedarayudu, which also starred Rajnikanth in a pivotal role. In 2007, He has received the CineMAA Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in Yamadonga. Mohan Babu was awarded an honorary doctorate from University of California, Berkeley for his contribution to the field of cinema and education. He is the co-owner of production companies such as Sree Lakshmi Prasanna Pictures, 24 Frames Factory and Manchu Entertainment. In 2016, He has garnered the Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award  South.

text: Mohan

text: Babu

text: born

text: Manchu

text: Bhakthavatsalam

text: Naidu

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actor

text: director

text: and

text: producer

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: works

text: predominantly

text: in

text: Telugu

text: Cinema

text: and

text: few

text: Tamil

text: films

text: An

text: alumnus

text: of

text: the

text: Madras

text: Film

text: Institute

text: Mohan

text: Babu

text: has

text: acted

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: five

text: hundred

text: feature

text: films

text: in

text: lead

text: supporting

text: and

text: variety

text: of

text: roles

text: In

text: He

text: has

text: received

text: Filmfare

text: Best

text: Actor

text: Award

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: multi

text: starrer

text: Pedarayudu

text: which

text: also

text: starred

text: Rajnikanth

text: in

text: pivotal

text: role

text: In

text: He

text: has

text: received

text: the

text: CineMAA

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Supporting

text: Actor

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: in

text: Yamadonga

text: Mohan

text: Babu

text: was

text: awarded

text: an

text: honorary

text: doctorate

text: from

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: Berkeley

text: for

text: his

text: contribution

text: to

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: cinema

text: and

text: education

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: co

text: owner

text: of

text: production

text: companies

text: such

text: as

text: Sree

text: Lakshmi

text: Prasanna

text: Pictures

text: Frames

text: Factory

text: and

text: Manchu

text: Entertainment

text: In

text: He

text: has

text: garnered

text: the

text: Filmfare

text: Lifetime

text: Achievement

text: Award

text: South

text: Shivaji Rao Gaekwad (born 12 December 1950), known by his mononymous stage name Rajinikanth, is an Indian film actor who works primarily in Tamil cinema. He began acting in plays while working in the Bangalore Transport Service as a bus conductor. In 1973, he joined the Madras Film Institute to pursue a diploma in acting. Following his debut in K. Balachander's Tamil drama "Apoorva Raagangal" (1975), his acting career commenced with a brief phase of portraying antagonistic characters in Tamil films.

text: Shivaji

text: Rao

text: Gaekwad

text: born

text: December

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: mononymous

text: stage

text: name

text: Rajinikanth

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actor

text: who

text: works

text: primarily

text: in

text: Tamil

text: cinema

text: He

text: began

text: acting

text: in

text: plays

text: while

text: working

text: in

text: the

text: Bangalore

text: Transport

text: Service

text: as

text: bus

text: conductor

text: In

text: he

text: joined

text: the

text: Madras

text: Film

text: Institute

text: to

text: pursue

text: diploma

text: in

text: acting

text: Following

text: his

text: debut

text: in

text: Balachander

text: 's

text: Tamil

text: drama

text: Apoorva

text: Raagangal

text: his

text: acting

text: career

text: commenced

text: with

text: brief

text: phase

text: of

text: portraying

text: antagonistic

text: characters

text: in

text: Tamil

text: films

text: Apoorva Raagangal is a 1975 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by K. Balachander. The film features Kamal Haasan and Srividya in lead roles while Rajinikanth (in his cinematic debut), Jayasudha, Nagesh, and Major Sundarrajan play supporting roles. The film was produced by V. Govindarajan and J. Duraisamy under the production banner Kalakendra Films. The soundtrack and score were composed by M. S. Viswanathan while the lyrics for all tracks were written by Kannadasan.

text: Apoorva

text: Raagangal

text: is

text: Indian

text: Tamil

text: language

text: drama

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Balachander

text: The

text: film

text: features

text: Kamal

text: Haasan

text: and

text: Srividya

text: in

text: lead

text: roles

text: while

text: Rajinikanth

text: in

text: his

text: cinematic

text: debut

text: Jayasudha

text: Nagesh

text: and

text: Major

text: Sundarrajan

text: play

text: supporting

text: roles

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Govindarajan

text: and

text: Duraisamy

text: under

text: the

text: production

text: banner

text: Kalakendra

text: Films

text: The

text: soundtrack

text: and

text: score

text: were

text: composed

text: by

text: Viswanathan

text: while

text: the

text: lyrics

text: for

text: all

text: tracks

text: were

text: written

text: by

text: Kannadasan

text: Subramani Karuppaiya (born 25 May 1939), known by his stage name Goundamani, is an Indian film actor and comedian. He is better known for his comic duo partnership in Tamil films with fellow actor Senthil. His real name "Mani" got the "Counter" prefix for his ability to give counter on the spot and off the script on stage and during shooting which eventually evolved into Goundamani as per Bhagyaraj who was writing scripts and title credits for Bharathiraja in his early days during the movie "16 Vayathinile".

text: Subramani

text: Karuppaiya

text: born

text: May

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Goundamani

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: film

text: actor

text: and

text: comedian

text: He

text: is

text: better

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: comic

text: duo

text: partnership

text: in

text: Tamil

text: films

text: with

text: fellow

text: actor

text: Senthil

text: His

text: real

text: name

text: Mani

text: got

text: the

text: Counter

text: prefix

text: for

text: his

text: ability

text: to

text: give

text: counter

text: on

text: the

text: spot

text: and

text: off

text: the

text: script

text: on

text: stage

text: and

text: during

text: shooting

text: which

text: eventually

text: evolved

text: into

text: Goundamani

text: as

text: per

text: Bhagyaraj

text: who

text: was

text: writing

text: scripts

text: and

text: title

text: credits

text: for

text: Bharathiraja

text: in

text: his

text: early

text: days

text: during

text: the

text: movie

text: Vayathinile

text: Tamil (""; ) is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken by the Tamil people of India and Sri Lanka, and also by the Tamil diaspora, Sri Lankan Moors, Burghers, Douglas, and Chindians. Tamil is an official language of two countries, Singapore and Sri Lanka. It has official status in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu and the Indian Union Territory of Puducherry. It is also used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia, along with English, Malay and Mandarin. In India, outside of Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, Tamil is also spoken in the states of Kerala and Andaman and Nicobar Islands as a secondary language, and by significant minorities in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India.

text: Tamil

text: is

text: Dravidian

text: language

text: predominantly

text: spoken

text: by

text: the

text: Tamil

text: people

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: also

text: by

text: the

text: Tamil

text: diaspora

text: Sri

text: Lankan

text: Moors

text: Burghers

text: Douglas

text: and

text: Chindians

text: Tamil

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: of

text: two

text: countries

text: Singapore

text: and

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: It

text: has

text: official

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Union

text: Territory

text: of

text: Puducherry

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: languages

text: of

text: education

text: in

text: Malaysia

text: along

text: with

text: English

text: Malay

text: and

text: Mandarin

text: In

text: India

text: outside

text: of

text: Tamil

text: Nadu

text: and

text: Puducherry

text: Tamil

text: is

text: also

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Kerala

text: and

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: as

text: secondary

text: language

text: and

text: by

text: significant

text: minorities

text: in

text: Karnataka

text: and

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: scheduled

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari:  , "Mnak Hind") or simply Hindi (Devanagari: , "Hind"), is an Indian language and a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language. Hindi is one of the official languages of India, and is the "lingua franca" of the Hindi belt languages. Outside India, Hindi is an official language in Fiji, and is a recognised regional language in Mauritius, Suriname, Guyana, and Trinidad and Tobago.

text: Modern

text: Standard

text: Hindi

text: Devanagari

text: Mnak

text: Hind

text: or

text: simply

text: Hindi

text: Devanagari

text: Hind

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: language

text: and

text: standardised

text: and

text: Sanskritised

text: register

text: of

text: the

text: Hindustani

text: language

text: Hindi

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: lingua

text: franca

text: of

text: the

text: Hindi

text: belt

text: languages

text: Outside

text: India

text: Hindi

text: is

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: in

text: Fiji

text: and

text: is

text: recognised

text: regional

text: language

text: in

text: Mauritius

text: Suriname

text: Guyana

text: and

text: Trinidad

text: and

text: Tobago

question: original_language_of_work solva sawan

answer: hindi

text: hindi

text: hindi

text: hindi

text: hindi

text: hindi

text: hindi

text: hindi

text: hindi

text: hindi

text: hindi

text: hindi


text: La Movida Madrileña was a countercultural movement that took place mainly in Madrid during the Spanish transition after Francisco Franco's death in 1975. It represented the resurrection of the economy in Spain and the emergence of a new Spanish identity.

text: La

text: Movida

text: Madrileña

text: was

text: countercultural

text: movement

text: that

text: took

text: place

text: mainly

text: in

text: Madrid

text: during

text: the

text: Spanish

text: transition

text: after

text: Francisco

text: Franco

text: 's

text: death

text: in

text: It

text: represented

text: the

text: resurrection

text: of

text: the

text: economy

text: in

text: Spain

text: and

text: the

text: emergence

text: of

text: new

text: Spanish

text: identity

text: Pedro Almodóvar Caballero (born 25 September 1949) is a Spanish film director, screenwriter, producer and former actor. He came to prominence as a director and screenwriter during La Movida Madrileña, a cultural renaissance that followed the death of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. His first few films characterised the sense of sexual and political freedom of the period. In 1986, he established his own film production company, El Deseo, with his younger brother Agustín Almodóvar, responsible for producing all of his films since "Law of Desire" (1987).

text: Pedro

text: Almodóvar

text: Caballero

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: Spanish

text: film

text: director

text: screenwriter

text: producer

text: and

text: former

text: actor

text: He

text: came

text: to

text: prominence

text: as

text: director

text: and

text: screenwriter

text: during

text: La

text: Movida

text: Madrileña

text: cultural

text: renaissance

text: that

text: followed

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Spanish

text: dictator

text: Francisco

text: Franco

text: His

text: first

text: few

text: films

text: characterised

text: the

text: sense

text: of

text: sexual

text: and

text: political

text: freedom

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: In

text: he

text: established

text: his

text: own

text: film

text: production

text: company

text: El

text: Deseo

text: with

text: his

text: younger

text: brother

text: Agustín

text: Almodóvar

text: responsible

text: for

text: producing

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: films

text: since

text: Law

text: of

text: Desire

text: Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown ( Spanish : Mujeres al borde de un ataque de nervios ) is a 1988 Spanish black comedy - drama film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar , starring Carmen Maura and Antonio Banderas . The film brought Almodóvar to widespread international attention : it was nominated for the 1988 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , and won five Goya Awards including Best Film and Best Actress in a Leading Role for Maura . The actual Spanish title refers to an ataque de nervios , which is not actually well translated as `` nervous breakdown '' ( crisis nerviosa ) . Ataques de nervios are culture - bound psychological phenomena during which the individual , most often female , displays dramatic outpouring of negative emotions , bodily gestures , occasional falling to the ground , and fainting , often in response to receiving disturbing news or witnessing or participating in an upsetting event . Historically , this condition has been associated with hysteria and more recently in the scientific literature with post-traumatic stress and panic attacks .

text: Women

text: on

text: the

text: Verge

text: of

text: Nervous

text: Breakdown

text: Spanish

text: Mujeres

text: al

text: borde

text: de

text: un

text: ataque

text: de

text: nervios

text: is

text: Spanish

text: black

text: comedy

text: drama

text: film

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Pedro

text: Almodóvar

text: starring

text: Carmen

text: Maura

text: and

text: Antonio

text: Banderas

text: The

text: film

text: brought

text: Almodóvar

text: to

text: widespread

text: international

text: attention

text: it

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Foreign

text: Language

text: Film

text: and

text: won

text: five

text: Goya

text: Awards

text: including

text: Best

text: Film

text: and

text: Best

text: Actress

text: in

text: Leading

text: Role

text: for

text: Maura

text: The

text: actual

text: Spanish

text: title

text: refers

text: to

text: an

text: ataque

text: de

text: nervios

text: which

text: is

text: not

text: actually

text: well

text: translated

text: as

text: nervous

text: breakdown

text: crisis

text: nerviosa

text: Ataques

text: de

text: nervios

text: are

text: culture

text: bound

text: psychological

text: phenomena

text: during

text: which

text: the

text: individual

text: most

text: often

text: female

text: displays

text: dramatic

text: outpouring

text: of

text: negative

text: emotions

text: bodily

text: gestures

text: occasional

text: falling

text: to

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: fainting

text: often

text: in

text: response

text: to

text: receiving

text: disturbing

text: news

text: or

text: witnessing

text: or

text: participating

text: in

text: an

text: upsetting

text: event

text: Historically

text: this

text: condition

text: has

text: been

text: associated

text: with

text: hysteria

text: and

text: more

text: recently

text: in

text: the

text: scientific

text: literature

text: with

text: post

text: traumatic

text: stress

text: and

text: panic

text: attacks

text: Law of Desire or La ley del deseo (in original Spanish) is a 1987 film written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar. Starring Eusebio Poncela as Pablo, Carmen Maura as Tina and Antonio Banderas as Antonio. It was the first film Almodóvar made independently with his own production company "El Deseo".

text: Law

text: of

text: Desire

text: or

text: La

text: ley

text: del

text: deseo

text: in

text: original

text: Spanish

text: is

text: film

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Pedro

text: Almodóvar

text: Starring

text: Eusebio

text: Poncela

text: as

text: Pablo

text: Carmen

text: Maura

text: as

text: Tina

text: and

text: Antonio

text: Banderas

text: as

text: Antonio

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: film

text: Almodóvar

text: made

text: independently

text: with

text: his

text: own

text: production

text: company

text: El

text: Deseo

text:
Agustín Almodóvar Caballero (born 1955) is a film producer and younger brother of filmmaker Pedro Almodóvar.
He was born in Calzada de Calatrava and obtained a degree in chemistry from the Complutense University of Madrid.
He began his career in film production as a messenger in Fernando Trueba's film "Sé infiel y no mires con quién".
In 1986, he and Pedro founded their own production company, El Deseo S.A. Through this company he has produced all of Pedro's films since 1986, and several French co-productions.
He is a member of the Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain.

text: Agustín

text: Almodóvar

text: Caballero

text: born

text: is

text: film

text: producer

text: and

text: younger

text: brother

text: of

text: filmmaker

text: Pedro

text: Almodóvar

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Calzada

text: de

text: Calatrava

text: and

text: obtained

text: degree

text: in

text: chemistry

text: from

text: the

text: Complutense

text: University

text: of

text: Madrid

text: He

text: began

text: his

text: career

text: in

text: film

text: production

text: as

text: messenger

text: in

text: Fernando

text: Trueba

text: 's

text: film

text: Sé

text: infiel

text: no

text: mires

text: con

text: quién

text: In

text: he

text: and

text: Pedro

text: founded

text: their

text: own

text: production

text: company

text: El

text: Deseo

text: S.A.

text: Through

text: this

text: company

text: he

text: has

text: produced

text: all

text: of

text: Pedro

text: 's

text: films

text: since

text: and

text: several

text: French

text: co

text: productions

text: He

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Cinematographic

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: of

text: Spain

text: A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques; by means of CGI and computer animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects.

text: film

text: also

text: called

text: movie

text: motion

text: picture

text: theatrical

text: film

text: or

text: photoplay

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: still

text: images

text: which

text: when

text: shown

text: on

text: screen

text: creates

text: the

text: illusion

text: of

text: moving

text: images

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: This

text: optical

text: illusion

text: causes

text: the

text: audience

text: to

text: perceive

text: continuous

text: motion

text: between

text: separate

text: objects

text: viewed

text: rapidly

text: in

text: succession

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: is

text: both

text: an

text: art

text: and

text: an

text: industry

text: film

text: is

text: created

text: by

text: photographing

text: actual

text: scenes

text: with

text: motion

text: picture

text: camera

text: by

text: photographing

text: drawings

text: or

text: miniature

text: models

text: using

text: traditional

text: animation

text: techniques

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: CGI

text: and

text: computer

text: animation

text: or

text: by

text: combination

text: of

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: techniques

text: and

text: other

text: visual

text: effects

text: José Antonio Domínguez Bandera (born 10 August 1960), known professionally as Antonio Banderas, is a Spanish actor, director, singer, and producer. He began his acting career with a series of films by director Pedro Almodóvar and then appeared in high-profile Hollywood movies, especially in the 1990s, including "Assassins", "Evita", "Interview with the Vampire", "Philadelphia", "Desperado", "The Mask of Zorro, The Expendables" and "Spy Kids". Banderas also portrayed the voice of "Puss in Boots" in the "Shrek" sequels and "Puss in Boots" as well as the bee in the US Nasonex commercials.

text: José

text: Antonio

text: Domínguez

text: Bandera

text: born

text: August

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Antonio

text: Banderas

text: is

text: Spanish

text: actor

text: director

text: singer

text: and

text: producer

text: He

text: began

text: his

text: acting

text: career

text: with

text: series

text: of

text: films

text: by

text: director

text: Pedro

text: Almodóvar

text: and

text: then

text: appeared

text: in

text: high

text: profile

text: Hollywood

text: movies

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: including

text: Assassins

text: Evita

text: Interview

text: with

text: the

text: Vampire

text: Philadelphia

text: Desperado

text: The

text: Mask

text: of

text: Zorro

text: The

text: Expendables

text: and

text: Spy

text: Kids

text: Banderas

text: also

text: portrayed

text: the

text: voice

text: of

text: Puss

text: in

text: Boots

text: in

text: the

text: Shrek

text: sequels

text: and

text: Puss

text: in

text: Boots

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: bee

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Nasonex

text: commercials

text: The Goya Awards, known in Spanish as los Premios Goya, are Spain's main national annual film awards.

text: The

text: Goya

text: Awards

text: known

text: in

text: Spanish

text: as

text: los

text: Premios

text: Goya

text: are

text: Spain

text: 's

text: main

text: national

text: annual

text: film

text: awards

text: Spy Kids (stylized as SPY kids) is a 2001 American spy adventure comedy film written and directed by Robert Rodriguez, produced by Elizabeth Avellan and Rodriguez, and starring Antonio Banderas, Carla Gugino, Alan Cumming, Teri Hatcher, Cheech Marin, Danny Trejo, Robert Patrick, Tony Shalhoub, Alexa Vega, Daryl Sabara, and Mike Judge.

text: Spy

text: Kids

text: stylized

text: as

text: SPY

text: kids

text: is

text: American

text: spy

text: adventure

text: comedy

text: film

text: written

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Robert

text: Rodriguez

text: produced

text: by

text: Elizabeth

text: Avellan

text: and

text: Rodriguez

text: and

text: starring

text: Antonio

text: Banderas

text: Carla

text: Gugino

text: Alan

text: Cumming

text: Teri

text: Hatcher

text: Cheech

text: Marin

text: Danny

text: Trejo

text: Robert

text: Patrick

text: Tony

text: Shalhoub

text: Alexa

text: Vega

text: Daryl

text: Sabara

text: and

text: Mike

text: Judge

text:
"Master Cat, or The Booted Cat", commonly known in English as "Puss in Boots", is a European literary fairy tale about a cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a princess in marriage for his penniless and low-born master. The oldest record of written history dates from Italian author Giovanni Francesco Straparola, who included it in his "The Facetious Nights of Straparola" (c. 155053) in XIVXV. Another version was published in 1634, by Giambattista Basile with the title "Cagliuso". The tale was written in French at the close of the seventeenth century by Charles Perrault (16281703), a retired civil servant and member of the "Académie française". The tale appeared in a handwritten and illustrated manuscript two years before its 1697 publication by Barbin in a collection of eight fairy tales by Perrault called "Histoires ou contes du temps passé". The book was an instant success and remains popular.
Perrault's "Histoires" has had considerable impact on world culture. The original Italian title of the first edition was "Costantino Fortunato", but was later known as "Il gatto con gli stivali" (lit. "The cat with the boots"); the French title was "Histoires ou contes du temps passé, avec des moralités" with the subtitle "Les Contes de ma mère l'Oye" ("Stories or Fairy Tales from Past Times with Morals", subtitled "Mother Goose Tales"). The frontispiece to the earliest English editions depicts an old woman telling tales to a group of children beneath a placard inscribed "MOTHER GOOSE'S TALES" and is credited with launching the Mother Goose legend in the English-speaking world. "Puss in Boots" has provided inspiration for composers, choreographers, and other artists over the centuries. The cat appears in the third act "pas de caractère" of Tchaikovsky's ballet "The Sleeping Beauty", for example, and makes appearances in other media, most famously the sequels to the animated film "Shrek (film)". Puss in Boots is a popular pantomime in the UK.

text: Master

text: Cat

text: or

text: The

text: Booted

text: Cat

text: commonly

text: known

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: Puss

text: in

text: Boots

text: is

text: European

text: literary

text: fairy

text: tale

text: about

text: cat

text: who

text: uses

text: trickery

text: and

text: deceit

text: to

text: gain

text: power

text: wealth

text: and

text: the

text: hand

text: of

text: princess

text: in

text: marriage

text: for

text: his

text: penniless

text: and

text: low

text: born

text: master

text: The

text: oldest

text: record

text: of

text: written

text: history

text: dates

text: from

text: Italian

text: author

text: Giovanni

text: Francesco

text: Straparola

text: who

text: included

text: it

text: in

text: his

text: The

text: Facetious

text: Nights

text: of

text: Straparola

text: in

text: XIVXV

text: Another

text: version

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: by

text: Giambattista

text: Basile

text: with

text: the

text: title

text: Cagliuso

text: The

text: tale

text: was

text: written

text: in

text: French

text: at

text: the

text: close

text: of

text: the

text: seventeenth

text: century

text: by

text: Charles

text: Perrault

text: retired

text: civil

text: servant

text: and

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Académie

text: française

text: The

text: tale

text: appeared

text: in

text: handwritten

text: and

text: illustrated

text: manuscript

text: two

text: years

text: before

text: its

text: publication

text: by

text: Barbin

text: in

text: collection

text: of

text: eight

text: fairy

text: tales

text: by

text: Perrault

text: called

text: Histoires

text: ou

text: contes

text: du

text: temps

text: passé

text: The

text: book

text: was

text: an

text: instant

text: success

text: and

text: remains

text: popular

text: Perrault

text: 's

text: Histoires

text: has

text: had

text: considerable

text: impact

text: on

text: world

text: culture

text: The

text: original

text: Italian

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: edition

text: was

text: Costantino

text: Fortunato

text: but

text: was

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Il

text: gatto

text: con

text: gli

text: stivali

text: lit

text: The

text: cat

text: with

text: the

text: boots

text: the

text: French

text: title

text: was

text: Histoires

text: ou

text: contes

text: du

text: temps

text: passé

text: avec

text: des

text: moralités

text: with

text: the

text: subtitle

text: Les

text: Contes

text: de

text: ma

text: mère

text: l'Oye

text: Stories

text: or

text: Fairy

text: Tales

text: from

text: Past

text: Times

text: with

text: Morals

text: subtitled

text: Mother

text: Goose

text: Tales

text: The

text: frontispiece

text: to

text: the

text: earliest

text: English

text: editions

text: depicts

text: an

text: old

text: woman

text: telling

text: tales

text: to

text: group

text: of

text: children

text: beneath

text: placard

text: inscribed

text: MOTHER

text: GOOSE

text: 'S

text: TALES

text: and

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: launching

text: the

text: Mother

text: Goose

text: legend

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: Puss

text: in

text: Boots

text: has

text: provided

text: inspiration

text: for

text: composers

text: choreographers

text: and

text: other

text: artists

text: over

text: the

text: centuries

text: The

text: cat

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: third

text: act

text: pas

text: de

text: caractère

text: of

text: Tchaikovsky

text: 's

text: ballet

text: The

text: Sleeping

text: Beauty

text: for

text: example

text: and

text: makes

text: appearances

text: in

text: other

text: media

text: most

text: famously

text: the

text: sequels

text: to

text: the

text: animated

text: film

text: Shrek

text: film

text: Puss

text: in

text: Boots

text: is

text: popular

text: pantomime

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Carmen García Maura (born 15 September 1945) is a Spanish actress. In a career that has spanned six decades, Maura is best known for her collaborations with noted Spanish film directors Pedro Almodóvar and Álex de la Iglesia.

text: Carmen

text: García

text: Maura

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: Spanish

text: actress

text: In

text: career

text: that

text: has

text: spanned

text: six

text: decades

text: Maura

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: collaborations

text: with

text: noted

text: Spanish

text: film

text: directors

text: Pedro

text: Almodóvar

text: and

text: Álex

text: de

text: la

text: Iglesia

text: Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla.

text: Spain

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Spain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: largely

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Iberian

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Europe

text: with

text: two

text: large

text: archipelagos

text: the

text: Balearic

text: Islands

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: off

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: Atlantic

text: coast

text: two

text: cities

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: African

text: mainland

text: and

text: several

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Alboran

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: Moroccan

text: coast

text: Its

text: mainland

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: except

text: for

text: small

text: land

text: boundary

text: with

text: Gibraltar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: France

text: Andorra

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: Portugal

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: European

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: border

text: with

text: an

text: African

text: country

text: Morocco

text: and

text: its

text: African

text: territory

text: accounts

text: for

text: nearly

text: of

text: its

text: population

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Ceuta

text: and

text: Melilla

text: Francisco Franco Bahamonde; (4 December 1892  20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who ruled over Spain as a dictator from 1939 until his death in 1975. He ruled Spain for 36 years.

text: Francisco

text: Franco

text: Bahamonde

text: December

text: November

text: was

text: Spanish

text: general

text: who

text: ruled

text: over

text: Spain

text: as

text: dictator

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: He

text: ruled

text: Spain

text: for

text: years

text: El Deseo (also known as El Deseo S.A.) is a film production company owned by Spanish film producers the Almodóvar brothers (Pedro and Agustín).

text: El

text: Deseo

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: El

text: Deseo

text: S.A.

text: is

text: film

text: production

text: company

text: owned

text: by

text: Spanish

text: film

text: producers

text: the

text: Almodóvar

text: brothers

text: Pedro

text: and

text: Agustín

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely single

question: production_company women on the verge of a nervous breakdown

answer: el deseo

text: el deseo

text: el deseo

text: el deseo

text: el deseo

text: el deseo


text: Tokyo, officially Tokyo Metropolis, is the capital of Japan and one of its 47 prefectures. The Greater Tokyo Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world. It is the seat of the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government. Tokyo is in the Kant region on the southeastern side of the main island Honshu and includes the Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands. Formerly known as Edo, it has been the de facto seat of government since 1603 when Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters. It officially became the capital after Emperor Meiji moved his seat to the city from the old capital of Kyoto in 1868; at that time Edo was renamed Tokyo. Tokyo Metropolis was formed in 1943 from the merger of the former and the .

text: Tokyo

text: officially

text: Tokyo

text: Metropolis

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Japan

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: prefectures

text: The

text: Greater

text: Tokyo

text: Area

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Emperor

text: of

text: Japan

text: and

text: the

text: Japanese

text: government

text: Tokyo

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Kant

text: region

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: island

text: Honshu

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: Izu

text: Islands

text: and

text: Ogasawara

text: Islands

text: Formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Edo

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: since

text: when

text: Shogun

text: Tokugawa

text: Ieyasu

text: made

text: the

text: city

text: his

text: headquarters

text: It

text: officially

text: became

text: the

text: capital

text: after

text: Emperor

text: Meiji

text: moved

text: his

text: seat

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: from

text: the

text: old

text: capital

text: of

text: Kyoto

text: in

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: Edo

text: was

text: renamed

text: Tokyo

text: Tokyo

text: Metropolis

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: from

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: and

text: the

text:
History.
Rise of militarism.
The military had a strong influence on Japanese society from the Meiji Restoration. Almost all leaders in Japanese society during the Meiji period (whether in the military, politics or business) were ex"-samurai" or descendants of "samurai", and shared a set of values and outlooks. The early Meiji government viewed Japan as threatened by western imperialism, and one of the prime motivations for the "Fukoku Kyohei" policy was to strengthen Japan's economic and industrial foundations, so that a strong military could be built to defend Japan against outside powers.

text: History

text: Rise

text: of

text: militarism

text: The

text: military

text: had

text: strong

text: influence

text: on

text: Japanese

text: society

text: from

text: the

text: Meiji

text: Restoration

text: Almost

text: all

text: leaders

text: in

text: Japanese

text: society

text: during

text: the

text: Meiji

text: period

text: whether

text: in

text: the

text: military

text: politics

text: or

text: business

text: were

text: ex

text: samurai

text: or

text: descendants

text: of

text: samurai

text: and

text: shared

text: set

text: of

text: values

text: and

text: outlooks

text: The

text: early

text: Meiji

text: government

text: viewed

text: Japan

text: as

text: threatened

text: by

text: western

text: imperialism

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: prime

text: motivations

text: for

text: the

text: Fukoku

text: Kyohei

text: policy

text: was

text: to

text: strengthen

text: Japan

text: 's

text: economic

text: and

text: industrial

text: foundations

text: so

text: that

text: strong

text: military

text: could

text: be

text: built

text: to

text: defend

text: Japan

text: against

text: outside

text: powers

text: Seikichi Odo ( July 26 , 1926 - March 24 , 2002 ) , whose name means `` world walker '' in Japanese , was born in Okinawa . He combined kobud and karate techniques to found the Ryky Hon Kenpo Kobujutsu Federation .

text: Seikichi

text: Odo

text: July

text: March

text: whose

text: name

text: means

text: world

text: walker

text: in

text: Japanese

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Okinawa

text: He

text: combined

text: kobud

text: and

text: karate

text: techniques

text: to

text: found

text: the

text: Ryky

text: Hon

text: Kenpo

text: Kobujutsu

text: Federation

text: Karate developed on the Ryukyu Islands in what is now Okinawa, Japan. It was brought to the Japanese mainland in the early 20th century during a time of cultural exchanges between the Japanese and the Chinese. It was systematically taught in Japan after the Taish era. In 1922 the Japanese Ministry of Education invited Gichin Funakoshi to Tokyo to give a karate demonstration. In 1924 Keio University established the first university karate club in mainland Japan and by 1932, major Japanese universities had karate clubs. In this era of escalating Japanese militarism, the name was changed from ("Chinese hand" or "Tang hand") to ("empty hand")  both of which are pronounced "karate"  to indicate that the Japanese wished to develop the combat form in Japanese style. After World War II, Okinawa became an important United States military site and karate became popular among servicemen stationed there.

text: Karate

text: developed

text: on

text: the

text: Ryukyu

text: Islands

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Okinawa

text: Japan

text: It

text: was

text: brought

text: to

text: the

text: Japanese

text: mainland

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: during

text: time

text: of

text: cultural

text: exchanges

text: between

text: the

text: Japanese

text: and

text: the

text: Chinese

text: It

text: was

text: systematically

text: taught

text: in

text: Japan

text: after

text: the

text: Taish

text: era

text: In

text: the

text: Japanese

text: Ministry

text: of

text: Education

text: invited

text: Gichin

text: Funakoshi

text: to

text: Tokyo

text: to

text: give

text: karate

text: demonstration

text: In

text: Keio

text: University

text: established

text: the

text: first

text: university

text: karate

text: club

text: in

text: mainland

text: Japan

text: and

text: by

text: major

text: Japanese

text: universities

text: had

text: karate

text: clubs

text: In

text: this

text: era

text: of

text: escalating

text: Japanese

text: militarism

text: the

text: name

text: was

text: changed

text: from

text: Chinese

text: hand

text: or

text: Tang

text: hand

text: to

text: empty

text: hand

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: pronounced

text: karate

text: to

text: indicate

text: that

text: the

text: Japanese

text: wished

text: to

text: develop

text: the

text: combat

text: form

text: in

text: Japanese

text: style

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Okinawa

text: became

text: an

text: important

text: United

text: States

text: military

text: site

text: and

text: karate

text: became

text: popular

text: among

text: servicemen

text: stationed

text: there

text: The , known in Japanese as the and also known as the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the sumi, Tokara, Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands (further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands), with Yonaguni the southernmost. The larger are mostly high islands and the smaller ones are mostly coral islands. The largest of the islands is Okinawa.

text: The

text: known

text: in

text: Japanese

text: as

text: the

text: and

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: are

text: chain

text: of

text: Japanese

text: islands

text: that

text: stretch

text: southwest

text: from

text: Kyushu

text: to

text: Taiwan

text: the

text: sumi

text: Tokara

text: Amami

text: Okinawa

text: and

text: Sakishima

text: Islands

text: further

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: Miyako

text: and

text: Yaeyama

text: Islands

text: with

text: Yonaguni

text: the

text: southernmost

text: The

text: larger

text: are

text: mostly

text: high

text: islands

text: and

text: the

text: smaller

text: ones

text: are

text: mostly

text: coral

text: islands

text: The

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: islands

text: is

text: Okinawa

text:
Early life.
Gichin Funakoshi was born on November 10, 1868 (refer to Karate-d, My Way of Life by Gichin Funakoshi), the year of the Meiji Restoration, in Shuri, Okinawa, to a low-rank Rykyan Pechin and originally had the family name Tominakoshi. Funakoshi was born prematurely. His father's name was Gisu. After entering primary school he became close friends with the son of Ank Azato, a karate and Jigen-ry master who would soon become his first karate teacher.
Funakoshi's family was stiffly opposed to the abolition of the Japanese topknot, and this meant he would be ineligible to pursue his goal of attending medical school, despite having passed the entrance examination. Being trained in both classical Chinese and Japanese philosophies and teachings, Funakoshi became an assistant teacher in Okinawa. During this time, his relations with the Azato family grew and he began nightly travels to the Azato family residence to receive karate instruction from Ank Azato.

text: Early

text: life

text: Gichin

text: Funakoshi

text: was

text: born

text: on

text: November

text: refer

text: to

text: Karate

text: My

text: Way

text: of

text: Life

text: by

text: Gichin

text: Funakoshi

text: the

text: year

text: of

text: the

text: Meiji

text: Restoration

text: in

text: Shuri

text: Okinawa

text: to

text: low

text: rank

text: Rykyan

text: Pechin

text: and

text: originally

text: had

text: the

text: family

text: name

text: Tominakoshi

text: Funakoshi

text: was

text: born

text: prematurely

text: His

text: father

text: 's

text: name

text: was

text: Gisu

text: After

text: entering

text: primary

text: school

text: he

text: became

text: close

text: friends

text: with

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Ank

text: Azato

text: karate

text: and

text: Jigen

text: ry

text: master

text: who

text: would

text: soon

text: become

text: his

text: first

text: karate

text: teacher

text: Funakoshi

text: 's

text: family

text: was

text: stiffly

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: topknot

text: and

text: this

text: meant

text: he

text: would

text: be

text: ineligible

text: to

text: pursue

text: his

text: goal

text: of

text: attending

text: medical

text: school

text: despite

text: having

text: passed

text: the

text: entrance

text: examination

text: Being

text: trained

text: in

text: both

text: classical

text: Chinese

text: and

text: Japanese

text: philosophies

text: and

text: teachings

text: Funakoshi

text: became

text: an

text: assistant

text: teacher

text: in

text: Okinawa

text: During

text: this

text: time

text: his

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: Azato

text: family

text: grew

text: and

text: he

text: began

text: nightly

text: travels

text: to

text: the

text: Azato

text: family

text: residence

text: to

text: receive

text: karate

text: instruction

text: from

text: Ank

text: Azato

text: , abbreviated as or , is a Japanese university located in Minato, Tokyo. It is known as the oldest institute of higher education in Japan. Founder Fukuzawa Yukichi originally established it as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo (now Tokyo). It has eleven campuses in Tokyo and Kanagawa. It has ten faculties: Letters, Economics, Law, Business and Commerce, Medicine, Science and Technology, Policy Management, Environment and Information Studies, Nursing and Medical Care, and Pharmacy.

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: or

text: is

text: Japanese

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Minato

text: Tokyo

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: oldest

text: institute

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: Japan

text: Founder

text: Fukuzawa

text: Yukichi

text: originally

text: established

text: it

text: as

text: school

text: for

text: Western

text: studies

text: in

text: in

text: Edo

text: now

text: Tokyo

text: It

text: has

text: eleven

text: campuses

text: in

text: Tokyo

text: and

text: Kanagawa

text: It

text: has

text: ten

text: faculties

text: Letters

text: Economics

text: Law

text: Business

text: and

text: Commerce

text: Medicine

text: Science

text: and

text: Technology

text: Policy

text: Management

text: Environment

text: and

text: Information

text: Studies

text: Nursing

text: and

text: Medical

text: Care

text: and

text: Pharmacy

question: occupation seikichi odo

answer: samurai

text: samurai

text: samurai


text: Plexicushion is an acrylic-based hardcourt tennis surface and one of the surface types used on the professional Association of Tennis Professionals and Women's Tennis Association tours. It is manufactured and sold by sports surfaces division of California Products Corporation, a company based in Andover, Massachusetts.

text: Plexicushion

text: is

text: an

text: acrylic

text: based

text: hardcourt

text: tennis

text: surface

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: surface

text: types

text: used

text: on

text: the

text: professional

text: Association

text: of

text: Tennis

text: Professionals

text: and

text: Women

text: 's

text: Tennis

text: Association

text: tours

text: It

text: is

text: manufactured

text: and

text: sold

text: by

text: sports

text: surfaces

text: division

text: of

text: California

text: Products

text: Corporation

text: company

text: based

text: in

text: Andover

text: Massachusetts

text: A hardcourt (or hard court) is a surface or floor on which a sport is played, most usually in reference to tennis courts. They are typically made of rigid materials such as asphalt or concrete, and covered with acrylic material to seal the surface and mark the playing lines, while providing some cushioning. Historically, hardwood surfaces were also in use in indoor settings, similar to an indoor basketball court, but these are now rare.

text: hardcourt

text: or

text: hard

text: court

text: is

text: surface

text: or

text: floor

text: on

text: which

text: sport

text: is

text: played

text: most

text: usually

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: tennis

text: courts

text: They

text: are

text: typically

text: made

text: of

text: rigid

text: materials

text: such

text: as

text: asphalt

text: or

text: concrete

text: and

text: covered

text: with

text: acrylic

text: material

text: to

text: seal

text: the

text: surface

text: and

text: mark

text: the

text: playing

text: lines

text: while

text: providing

text: some

text: cushioning

text: Historically

text: hardwood

text: surfaces

text: were

text: also

text: in

text: use

text: in

text: indoor

text: settings

text: similar

text: to

text: an

text: indoor

text: basketball

text: court

text: but

text: these

text: are

text: now

text: rare

text: The Australian Open is a major tennis tournament held annually over the last fortnight of January in Melbourne, Australia. First held in 1905, the tournament is chronologically the first of the four Grand Slam tennis events of the year  the other three being the French Open, Wimbledon and the US Open. It features men's and women's singles; men's, women's and mixed doubles and junior's championships; as well as wheelchair, legends and exhibition events. Prior to 1988 the tournament had been played on grass. Since 1988 two types of hardcourt surfaces have been used at Melbourne Park  green Rebound Ace to 2007 and blue Plexicushion from 2008.

text: The

text: Australian

text: Open

text: is

text: major

text: tennis

text: tournament

text: held

text: annually

text: over

text: the

text: last

text: fortnight

text: of

text: January

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: Australia

text: First

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: tournament

text: is

text: chronologically

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: Grand

text: Slam

text: tennis

text: events

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: other

text: three

text: being

text: the

text: French

text: Open

text: Wimbledon

text: and

text: the

text: US

text: Open

text: It

text: features

text: men

text: 's

text: and

text: women

text: 's

text: singles

text: men

text: 's

text: women

text: 's

text: and

text: mixed

text: doubles

text: and

text: junior

text: 's

text: championships

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: wheelchair

text: legends

text: and

text: exhibition

text: events

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: tournament

text: had

text: been

text: played

text: on

text: grass

text: Since

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: hardcourt

text: surfaces

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: at

text: Melbourne

text: Park

text: green

text: Rebound

text: Ace

text: to

text: and

text: blue

text: Plexicushion

text: from

text: The Sydney International ( formerly known as the Championship of New South Wales and New South Wales Open , with various title sponsors ) , sponsored as the Apia International Sydney as of 2012 , is a professional tennis tournament in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . The tournament is played annually at the Sydney Olympic Park Tennis Centre in Homebush . It is one of the oldest tennis tournaments in the world , dating to 1885 . The tournament is currently noted as an ATP 250 point event on the men 's tour and a WTA Premier event on the women 's tour . The tournament is held annually in January immediately prior to the Australian Open as a lead up tournament as part of the Australian Open Series .

text: The

text: Sydney

text: International

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Championship

text: of

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: and

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: Open

text: with

text: various

text: title

text: sponsors

text: sponsored

text: as

text: the

text: Apia

text: International

text: Sydney

text: as

text: of

text: is

text: professional

text: tennis

text: tournament

text: in

text: Sydney

text: New

text: South

text: Wales

text: Australia

text: The

text: tournament

text: is

text: played

text: annually

text: at

text: the

text: Sydney

text: Olympic

text: Park

text: Tennis

text: Centre

text: in

text: Homebush

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: tennis

text: tournaments

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: dating

text: to

text: The

text: tournament

text: is

text: currently

text: noted

text: as

text: an

text: ATP

text: point

text: event

text: on

text: the

text: men

text: 's

text: tour

text: and

text: WTA

text: Premier

text: event

text: on

text: the

text: women

text: 's

text: tour

text: The

text: tournament

text: is

text: held

text: annually

text: in

text: January

text: immediately

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: Australian

text: Open

text: as

text: lead

text: up

text: tournament

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: Open

text: Series

text: Rebound Ace is a cushioned tennis hardcourt composed of polyurethane rubber, fiberglass, and other materials on top of an asphalt or reinforced concrete base. It is manufactured by California Products Corporation's Sports Surfaces division.

text: Rebound

text: Ace

text: is

text: cushioned

text: tennis

text: hardcourt

text: composed

text: of

text: polyurethane

text: rubber

text: fiberglass

text: and

text: other

text: materials

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: an

text: asphalt

text: or

text: reinforced

text: concrete

text: base

text: It

text: is

text: manufactured

text: by

text: California

text: Products

text: Corporation

text: 's

text: Sports

text: Surfaces

text: division

question: surface_played_on sydney international

answer: hardcourt

text: hardcourt

text: hardcourt

text: hardcourt

text: hardcourt