text: The Shan are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia. The Shan live primarily in the Shan State of Burma (Myanmar), but also inhabit parts of Mandalay Region, Kachin State, and Kayin State, and in adjacent regions of China, Laos and Thailand. Though no reliable census has been taken in Burma since 1935, the Shan are estimated to number between 4-6 million.

text: The

text: Shan

text: are

text: Tai

text: ethnic

text: group

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: The

text: Shan

text: live

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: Shan

text: State

text: of

text: Burma

text: Myanmar

text: but

text: also

text: inhabit

text: parts

text: of

text: Mandalay

text: Region

text: Kachin

text: State

text: and

text: Kayin

text: State

text: and

text: in

text: adjacent

text: regions

text: of

text: China

text: Laos

text: and

text: Thailand

text: Though

text: no

text: reliable

text: census

text: has

text: been

text: taken

text: in

text: Burma

text: since

text: the

text: Shan

text: are

text: estimated

text: to

text: number

text: between

text: million

text: Taunggyi (; Shan: ) is the capital of Shan State, Myanmar (Burma) and lies within the Myelat region. Taunggyi has an estimated population of 380,665 as of 2014, making it the fifth largest city in Myanmar (with Naypyidaw, Bago), and is at an elevation of above sea level. The name Taunggyi means "huge mountain" in the Burmese language, and is named after the ridge on the east of the city, part of the Shan Hills system, whose prominent high point is called "Taung-chun" or "The Spur." Locally this spur is popularly known as "Phaya Taung". The ridge has a more prominent and more popular feature known as "Chauk Talone", meaning the "Craigs."

text: Taunggyi

text: Shan

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Shan

text: State

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: Myelat

text: region

text: Taunggyi

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Myanmar

text: with

text: Naypyidaw

text: Bago

text: and

text: is

text: at

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: The

text: name

text: Taunggyi

text: means

text: huge

text: mountain

text: in

text: the

text: Burmese

text: language

text: and

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: ridge

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Shan

text: Hills

text: system

text: whose

text: prominent

text: high

text: point

text: is

text: called

text: Taung

text: chun

text: or

text: The

text: Spur

text: Locally

text: this

text: spur

text: is

text: popularly

text: known

text: as

text: Phaya

text: Taung

text: The

text: ridge

text: has

text: more

text: prominent

text: and

text: more

text: popular

text: feature

text: known

text: as

text: Chauk

text: Talone

text: meaning

text: the

text: Craigs

text: Thailand (or  ), officially the Kingdom of Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is a country at the centre of the Indochinese peninsula in Southeast Asia. With a total area of approximately , Thailand is the world's 51st-largest country. It is the 20th-most-populous country in the world, with around 66 million people. The capital and largest city is Bangkok.

text: Thailand

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Thailand

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Siam

text: is

text: country

text: at

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Indochinese

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: With

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Thailand

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: around

text: million

text: people

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Bangkok

text: The Salween (, is a river, about long, that flows from the Tibetan Plateau into the Andaman Sea in Southeast Asia.

text: The

text: Salween

text: is

text: river

text: about

text: long

text: that

text: flows

text: from

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: into

text: the

text: Andaman

text: Sea

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Laos, (, , or  , "Lo") officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, (Lao:   , "Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao") or commonly referred to its colloquial name of Muang Lao (Lao: , "Muang Lao") is a landlocked country in the heart of the Indochinese peninsula of Mainland Southeast Asia, bordered by Myanmar (Burma) and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand to the west and southwest.

text: Laos

text: or

text: Lo

text: officially

text: the

text: Lao

text: People

text: 's

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: Lao

text: Sathalanalat

text: Paxathipatai

text: Paxaxon

text: Lao

text: or

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: its

text: colloquial

text: name

text: of

text: Muang

text: Lao

text: Lao

text: Muang

text: Lao

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Indochinese

text: peninsula

text: of

text: Mainland

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Vietnam

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Cambodia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: Thailand

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and volcanic activity. Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions:

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southeastern

text: Asia

text: is

text: subregion

text: of

text: Asia

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: countries

text: that

text: are

text: geographically

text: south

text: of

text: China

text: east

text: of

text: India

text: west

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Australia

text: The

text: region

text: lies

text: near

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: geological

text: plates

text: with

text: heavy

text: seismic

text: and

text: volcanic

text: activity

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: geographic

text: regions

text: The Andaman Sea  is a body of water to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Myanmar (Burma), west of Thailand, north-west of Malay Peninsula, north of Sumatra and east of the Andaman Islands, India, from which it takes its name; it is part of the Indian Ocean.

text: The

text: Andaman

text: Sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: of

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: south

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: west

text: of

text: Thailand

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: Malay

text: Peninsula

text: north

text: of

text: Sumatra

text: and

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Andaman

text: Islands

text: India

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: it

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: Lashio is the largest town in northern Shan State, Myanmar, about north-east of Mandalay. It is situated on a low mountain spur overlooking the valley of the Nam Yao river. Loi Leng, the highest mountain of the Shan Hills, is located to the south-east of Lashio.

text: Lashio

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: town

text: in

text: northern

text: Shan

text: State

text: Myanmar

text: about

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: Mandalay

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: low

text: mountain

text: spur

text: overlooking

text: the

text: valley

text: of

text: the

text: Nam

text: Yao

text: river

text: Loi

text: Leng

text: the

text: highest

text: mountain

text: of

text: the

text: Shan

text: Hills

text: is

text: located

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: Lashio

text: A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague.

text: river

text: is

text: natural

text: flowing

text: watercourse

text: usually

text: freshwater

text: flowing

text: towards

text: an

text: ocean

text: sea

text: lake

text: or

text: another

text: river

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: river

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: becomes

text: dry

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: its

text: course

text: without

text: reaching

text: another

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Small

text: rivers

text: can

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: using

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: stream

text: creek

text: brook

text: rivulet

text: and

text: rill

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: definitions

text: for

text: the

text: generic

text: term

text: river

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: geographic

text: features

text: although

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: or

text: communities

text: stream

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: size

text: Many

text: names

text: for

text: small

text: rivers

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: geographic

text: location

text: examples

text: are

text: run

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: burn

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: northeast

text: England

text: and

text: beck

text: in

text: northern

text: England

text: Sometimes

text: river

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: larger

text: than

text: creek

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: vague

text: Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in South East Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. About one third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 5,876 km (3,651 miles), forms an uninterrupted coastline of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).

text: Myanmar

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: and

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Burma

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: South

text: East

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Bangladesh

text: India

text: China

text: Laos

text: and

text: Thailand

text: About

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: 's

text: total

text: perimeter

text: of

text: km

text: miles

text: forms

text: an

text: uninterrupted

text: coastline

text: of

text: km

text: miles

text: along

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: and

text: the

text: Andaman

text: Sea

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: census

text: revealed

text: much

text: lower

text: population

text: than

text: expected

text: with

text: million

text: people

text: recorded

text: Myanmar

text: is

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: in

text: size

text: Its

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Naypyidaw

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Yangon

text: Rangoon

text: The Tibetan Plateau, also known in China as the QinghaiTibet Plateau or the Qingzang Plateau or Himalayan Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau in Central Asia and East Asia, covering most of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province in western China, as well as part of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir state of India. It stretches approximately north to south and east to west. With an average elevation exceeding , the Tibetan Plateau is sometimes called "the Roof of the World" and is the world's highest and largest plateau, with an area of (about five times the size of Metropolitan France). Sometimes termed the Third Pole, the Tibetan Plateau contains the headwaters of the drainage basins of most of the streams in surrounding regions. Its tens of thousands of glaciers and other geographical and ecological features serve as a "water tower" storing water and maintaining flow. The impact of global warming on the Tibetan Plateau is of intense scientific interest.

text: The

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: the

text: QinghaiTibet

text: Plateau

text: or

text: the

text: Qingzang

text: Plateau

text: or

text: Himalayan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: vast

text: elevated

text: plateau

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: East

text: Asia

text: covering

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: and

text: Qinghai

text: Province

text: in

text: western

text: China

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Ladakh

text: in

text: Jammu

text: and

text: Kashmir

text: state

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: stretches

text: approximately

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: With

text: an

text: average

text: elevation

text: exceeding

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Roof

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: highest

text: and

text: largest

text: plateau

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: five

text: times

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: Metropolitan

text: France

text: Sometimes

text: termed

text: the

text: Third

text: Pole

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: contains

text: the

text: headwaters

text: of

text: the

text: drainage

text: basins

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: streams

text: in

text: surrounding

text: regions

text: Its

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: glaciers

text: and

text: other

text: geographical

text: and

text: ecological

text: features

text: serve

text: as

text: water

text: tower

text: storing

text: water

text: and

text: maintaining

text: flow

text: The

text: impact

text: of

text: global

text: warming

text: on

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: of

text: intense

text: scientific

text: interest

text: Teng River or Nam Teng is a river of Shan State , eastern Burma . It is a tributary of the Salween River .

text: Teng

text: River

text: or

text: Nam

text: Teng

text: is

text: river

text: of

text: Shan

text: State

text: eastern

text: Burma

text: It

text: is

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Salween

text: River

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Shan State (; Shan: ) is a state of Myanmar. Shan State borders China to the north, Laos to the east, and Thailand to the south, and five administrative divisions of Burma in the west. Largest of the 14 administrative divisions by land area, Shan State covers 155,800 km², almost a quarter of the total area of Burma. The state gets its name from the Shan people, one of several ethnic groups that inhabit the area. Shan State is largely rural, with only three cities of significant size: Lashio, Kengtung, and the capital, Taunggyi. Taungyyi is 150.7 km north east of the nation's capital Naypyitaw.

text: Shan

text: State

text: Shan

text: is

text: state

text: of

text: Myanmar

text: Shan

text: State

text: borders

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Laos

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Thailand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: five

text: administrative

text: divisions

text: of

text: Burma

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Largest

text: of

text: the

text: administrative

text: divisions

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Shan

text: State

text: covers

text: almost

text: quarter

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Burma

text: The

text: state

text: gets

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: Shan

text: people

text: one

text: of

text: several

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: that

text: inhabit

text: the

text: area

text: Shan

text: State

text: is

text: largely

text: rural

text: with

text: only

text: three

text: cities

text: of

text: significant

text: size

text: Lashio

text: Kengtung

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: Taunggyi

text: Taungyyi

text: is

text: km

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: Naypyitaw

question: country teng river

answer: myanmar

text: myanmar

text: myanmar

text: myanmar

text: myanmar

text: myanmar

text: myanmar

text: myanmar

text: myanmar

text: myanmar

text: myanmar

text: myanmar


text: An entablature (nativization of Italian "intavolatura," from "in" "in" and "tavola" "table") refers to the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals. Entablatures are major elements of classical architecture, and are commonly divided into the architrave (the supporting member immediately above; equivalent to the lintel in post and lintel construction), the frieze (an unmolded strip that may or may not be ornamented), and the cornice (the projecting member below the pediment). The Greek and Roman temples are believed to be based on wooden structures, the design transition from wooden to stone structures being called petrification.

text: An

text: entablature

text: nativization

text: of

text: Italian

text: intavolatura

text: from

text: in

text: in

text: and

text: tavola

text: table

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: superstructure

text: of

text: moldings

text: and

text: bands

text: which

text: lie

text: horizontally

text: above

text: columns

text: resting

text: on

text: their

text: capitals

text: Entablatures

text: are

text: major

text: elements

text: of

text: classical

text: architecture

text: and

text: are

text: commonly

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: architrave

text: the

text: supporting

text: member

text: immediately

text: above

text: equivalent

text: to

text: the

text: lintel

text: in

text: post

text: and

text: lintel

text: construction

text: the

text: frieze

text: an

text: unmolded

text: strip

text: that

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: ornamented

text: and

text: the

text: cornice

text: the

text: projecting

text: member

text: below

text: the

text: pediment

text: The

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: temples

text: are

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: wooden

text: structures

text: the

text: design

text: transition

text: from

text: wooden

text: to

text: stone

text: structures

text: being

text: called

text: petrification

text: In architecture, post and lintel (also called prop and lintel or a trabeated system) is a building system where strong horizontal elements are held up by strong vertical elements with large spaces between them. This is usually used to hold up a roof, creating a largely open space beneath, for whatever use the building is designed for. The horizontal elements are called by a variety of names including lintel, header, architrave or beam, and the supporting vertical elements may be called columns, pillars, or posts. The use of wider elements at the top of the post, called capitals, to help spread the load, is common to many traditions.

text: In

text: architecture

text: post

text: and

text: lintel

text: also

text: called

text: prop

text: and

text: lintel

text: or

text: trabeated

text: system

text: is

text: building

text: system

text: where

text: strong

text: horizontal

text: elements

text: are

text: held

text: up

text: by

text: strong

text: vertical

text: elements

text: with

text: large

text: spaces

text: between

text: them

text: This

text: is

text: usually

text: used

text: to

text: hold

text: up

text: roof

text: creating

text: largely

text: open

text: space

text: beneath

text: for

text: whatever

text: use

text: the

text: building

text: is

text: designed

text: for

text: The

text: horizontal

text: elements

text: are

text: called

text: by

text: variety

text: of

text: names

text: including

text: lintel

text: header

text: architrave

text: or

text: beam

text: and

text: the

text: supporting

text: vertical

text: elements

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: columns

text: pillars

text: or

text: posts

text: The

text: use

text: of

text: wider

text: elements

text: at

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: post

text: called

text: capitals

text: to

text: help

text: spread

text: the

text: load

text: is

text: common

text: to

text: many

text: traditions

text: Classical architecture usually denotes architecture which is more or less consciously derived from the principles of Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, or sometimes even more specifically, from the works of Vitruvius. Different styles of classical architecture have arguably existed since the Carolingian Renaissance, and prominently since the Italian Renaissance. Although classical styles of architecture can vary greatly, they can in general all be said to draw on a common "vocabulary" of decorative and constructive elements. In much of the Western world, different classical architectural styles have dominated the history of architecture from the Renaissance until the second world war, though it continues to inform many architects to this day.

text: Classical

text: architecture

text: usually

text: denotes

text: architecture

text: which

text: is

text: more

text: or

text: less

text: consciously

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: principles

text: of

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: architecture

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: or

text: sometimes

text: even

text: more

text: specifically

text: from

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Vitruvius

text: Different

text: styles

text: of

text: classical

text: architecture

text: have

text: arguably

text: existed

text: since

text: the

text: Carolingian

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: prominently

text: since

text: the

text: Italian

text: Renaissance

text: Although

text: classical

text: styles

text: of

text: architecture

text: can

text: vary

text: greatly

text: they

text: can

text: in

text: general

text: all

text: be

text: said

text: to

text: draw

text: on

text: common

text: vocabulary

text: of

text: decorative

text: and

text: constructive

text: elements

text: In

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: different

text: classical

text: architectural

text: styles

text: have

text: dominated

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: architecture

text: from

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: until

text: the

text: second

text: world

text: war

text: though

text: it

text: continues

text: to

text: inform

text: many

text: architects

text: to

text: this

text: day

text: Middlesex County is a county in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in the United States. As of 2014, the estimated population was 1,570,315, making it the twenty-third most populous county in the United States, and the most populous county in both Massachusetts and New England. For administrative purposes the county held two regions, Middlesex-North with its county seat in Lowell, and Middlesex-South with its county seat in Cambridge.

text: Middlesex

text: County

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: estimated

text: population

text: was

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: twenty

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: in

text: both

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: New

text: England

text: For

text: administrative

text: purposes

text: the

text: county

text: held

text: two

text: regions

text: Middlesex

text: North

text: with

text: its

text: county

text: seat

text: in

text: Lowell

text: and

text: Middlesex

text: South

text: with

text: its

text: county

text: seat

text: in

text: Cambridge

text: Boston (pronounced ) is the capital and most populous city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston is also the seat of Suffolk County, although the county government was disbanded on July 1, 1999. The city proper covers with an estimated population of 667,137 in 2015, making it the largest city in New England and the 23rd most populous city in the United States. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) home to a census-estimated 4.7 million people in 2014 and ranking as the tenth-largest such area in the country. Alternately, as a Combined Statistical Area (CSA), this wider commuting region is home to some 8.1 million people, making it the sixth-largest as such in the United States.

text: Boston

text: pronounced

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Boston

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Suffolk

text: County

text: although

text: the

text: county

text: government

text: was

text: disbanded

text: on

text: July

text: The

text: city

text: proper

text: covers

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: New

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: anchor

text: of

text: substantially

text: larger

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: known

text: as

text: Greater

text: Boston

text: Metropolitan

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: MSA

text: home

text: to

text: census

text: estimated

text: million

text: people

text: in

text: and

text: ranking

text: as

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: such

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Alternately

text: as

text: Combined

text: Statistical

text: Area

text: CSA

text: this

text: wider

text: commuting

text: region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: some

text: million

text: people

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: as

text: such

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. The term column applies especially to a large round support (the "shaft" of the column) with a capital and a "base" or pedestal and made of stone, or appearing to be so. A small wooden or metal support is typically called a post, and supports with a rectangular or other non-round section are usually called piers. For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns" because of the similar stress conditions. Columns are frequently used to support beams or arches on which the upper parts of walls or ceilings rest. In architecture, "column" refers to such a structural element that also has certain proportional and decorative features. A column might also be a decorative element not needed for structural purposes; many columns are "engaged", that is to say form part of a wall.

text: column

text: or

text: pillar

text: in

text: architecture

text: and

text: structural

text: engineering

text: is

text: structural

text: element

text: that

text: transmits

text: through

text: compression

text: the

text: weight

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: above

text: to

text: other

text: structural

text: elements

text: below

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: column

text: is

text: compression

text: member

text: The

text: term

text: column

text: applies

text: especially

text: to

text: large

text: round

text: support

text: the

text: shaft

text: of

text: the

text: column

text: with

text: capital

text: and

text: base

text: or

text: pedestal

text: and

text: made

text: of

text: stone

text: or

text: appearing

text: to

text: be

text: so

text: small

text: wooden

text: or

text: metal

text: support

text: is

text: typically

text: called

text: post

text: and

text: supports

text: with

text: rectangular

text: or

text: other

text: non

text: round

text: section

text: are

text: usually

text: called

text: piers

text: For

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: wind

text: or

text: earthquake

text: engineering

text: columns

text: may

text: be

text: designed

text: to

text: resist

text: lateral

text: forces

text: Other

text: compression

text: members

text: are

text: often

text: termed

text: columns

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: similar

text: stress

text: conditions

text: Columns

text: are

text: frequently

text: used

text: to

text: support

text: beams

text: or

text: arches

text: on

text: which

text: the

text: upper

text: parts

text: of

text: walls

text: or

text: ceilings

text: rest

text: In

text: architecture

text: column

text: refers

text: to

text: such

text: structural

text: element

text: that

text: also

text: has

text: certain

text: proportional

text: and

text: decorative

text: features

text: column

text: might

text: also

text: be

text: decorative

text: element

text: not

text: needed

text: for

text: structural

text: purposes

text: many

text: columns

text: are

text: engaged

text: that

text: is

text: to

text: say

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: wall

text: A pediment is an architectural element found particularly in classical, neoclassical and baroque architecture, and its derivatives, consisting of a gable, usually of a triangular shape, placed above the horizontal structure of the entablature, typically supported by columns. The tympanum, the triangular area within the pediment, is often decorated with relief sculpture.

text: pediment

text: is

text: an

text: architectural

text: element

text: found

text: particularly

text: in

text: classical

text: neoclassical

text: and

text: baroque

text: architecture

text: and

text: its

text: derivatives

text: consisting

text: of

text: gable

text: usually

text: of

text: triangular

text: shape

text: placed

text: above

text: the

text: horizontal

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: entablature

text: typically

text: supported

text: by

text: columns

text: The

text: tympanum

text: the

text: triangular

text: area

text: within

text: the

text: pediment

text: is

text: often

text: decorated

text: with

text: relief

text: sculpture

text: Massachusetts ; officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which once inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston. Over 80% of Massachusetts' population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, Massachusetts' economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade.

text: Massachusetts

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: New

text: England

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: northeastern

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Connecticut

text: and

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: New

text: Hampshire

text: and

text: Vermont

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: Massachusett

text: tribe

text: which

text: once

text: inhabited

text: the

text: area

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: New

text: England

text: is

text: Boston

text: Over

text: of

text: Massachusetts

text: population

text: lives

text: in

text: the

text: Greater

text: Boston

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: region

text: influential

text: upon

text: American

text: history

text: academia

text: and

text: industry

text: Originally

text: dependent

text: on

text: agriculture

text: fishing

text: and

text: trade

text: Massachusetts

text: was

text: transformed

text: into

text: manufacturing

text: center

text: during

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: During

text: the

text: century

text: Massachusetts

text: economy

text: shifted

text: from

text: manufacturing

text: to

text: services

text: Modern

text: Massachusetts

text: is

text: global

text: leader

text: in

text: biotechnology

text: engineering

text: higher

text: education

text: finance

text: and

text: maritime

text: trade

text: An architrave (from "chief beam", also called an epistyle; from Greek  "epistylon" "door frame") is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns. It is an architectural element in Classical architecture.

text: An

text: architrave

text: from

text: chief

text: beam

text: also

text: called

text: an

text: epistyle

text: from

text: Greek

text: epistylon

text: door

text: frame

text: is

text: the

text: lintel

text: or

text: beam

text: that

text: rests

text: on

text: the

text: capitals

text: of

text: the

text: columns

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: architectural

text: element

text: in

text: Classical

text: architecture

text: Winchester is a small suburban town located in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, eight miles north of downtown Boston. It is the 7th wealthiest municipality in Massachusetts, and functions largely as a bedroom community for professionals who work in the greater Boston area. The population was 21,374 at the 2010 United States Census.

text: Winchester

text: is

text: small

text: suburban

text: town

text: located

text: in

text: Middlesex

text: County

text: Massachusetts

text: eight

text: miles

text: north

text: of

text: downtown

text: Boston

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: municipality

text: in

text: Massachusetts

text: and

text: functions

text: largely

text: as

text: bedroom

text: community

text: for

text: professionals

text: who

text: work

text: in

text: the

text: greater

text: Boston

text: area

text: The

text: population

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: The Edward Sullivan House is a historic house at 9 Kendall Street in Winchester , Massachusetts . This small , 1 - 1/2 story house was built c. 1875 , and is the best - preserved example of a 19th century worker 's cottage in the town . It is three bays wide , with a side gable roof , and simple vernacular Italianate styling . It has almost no exterior architectural styling , except for a transom window and modest entablature over the front door . The house is one of five owned by Edward Sullivan , a stone mason , and is located near St. Mary 's Catholic Church , an area where many Irish immigrants sought to settle . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 .

text: The

text: Edward

text: Sullivan

text: House

text: is

text: historic

text: house

text: at

text: Kendall

text: Street

text: in

text: Winchester

text: Massachusetts

text: This

text: small

text: story

text: house

text: was

text: built

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: best

text: preserved

text: example

text: of

text: century

text: worker

text: 's

text: cottage

text: in

text: the

text: town

text: It

text: is

text: three

text: bays

text: wide

text: with

text: side

text: gable

text: roof

text: and

text: simple

text: vernacular

text: Italianate

text: styling

text: It

text: has

text: almost

text: no

text: exterior

text: architectural

text: styling

text: except

text: for

text: transom

text: window

text: and

text: modest

text: entablature

text: over

text: the

text: front

text: door

text: The

text: house

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: five

text: owned

text: by

text: Edward

text: Sullivan

text: stone

text: mason

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: near

text: St.

text: Mary

text: 's

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: an

text: area

text: where

text: many

text: Irish

text: immigrants

text: sought

text: to

text: settle

text: The

text: house

text: was

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: National

text: Register

text: of

text: Historic

text: Places

text: in

text: A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline. This term is applied to various kinds of physical structures such as buildings, bridges, or ships having the degree of freedom zero (in the terms of theory of machines). The word "superstructure" is a combination of the Latin prefix, "super" (meaning "above, in addition") with the Latin stem word, "structure" (meaning "to build" or "to heap up").

text: superstructure

text: is

text: an

text: upward

text: extension

text: of

text: an

text: existing

text: structure

text: above

text: baseline

text: This

text: term

text: is

text: applied

text: to

text: various

text: kinds

text: of

text: physical

text: structures

text: such

text: as

text: buildings

text: bridges

text: or

text: ships

text: having

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: freedom

text: zero

text: in

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: theory

text: of

text: machines

text: The

text: word

text: superstructure

text: is

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: Latin

text: prefix

text: super

text: meaning

text: above

text: in

text: addition

text: with

text: the

text: Latin

text: stem

text: word

text: structure

text: meaning

text: to

text: build

text: or

text: to

text: heap

text: up

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of edward sullivan house

answer: building

text: building

text: building


text: Woodrow Charles "Woody" Herman (May 16, 1913  October 29, 1987) was an American jazz clarinetist, alto saxophonist, singer, and big band leader. Leading various groups called "The Herd", Herman was one of the most popular of the 1930s and 1940s bandleaders. His bands often played music that was experimental for its time. He was a featured halftime performer for Super Bowl VII.

text: Woodrow

text: Charles

text: Woody

text: Herman

text: May

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: clarinetist

text: alto

text: saxophonist

text: singer

text: and

text: big

text: band

text: leader

text: Leading

text: various

text: groups

text: called

text: The

text: Herd

text: Herman

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: bandleaders

text: His

text: bands

text: often

text: played

text: music

text: that

text: was

text: experimental

text: for

text: its

text: time

text: He

text: was

text: featured

text: halftime

text: performer

text: for

text: Super

text: Bowl

text: VII

text: Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the world's fifth-largest country by both area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of . It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent's land area. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to diverse wildlife, a variety of ecological systems, and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection.

text: Brazil

text: officially

text: the

text: Federative

text: Republic

text: of

text: Brazil

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: both

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: Latin

text: America

text: As

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fifth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: to

text: have

text: Portuguese

text: as

text: an

text: official

text: language

text: and

text: the

text: only

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: Brazil

text: has

text: coastline

text: of

text: It

text: borders

text: all

text: other

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: except

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Chile

text: and

text: covers

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: land

text: area

text: Its

text: Amazon

text: River

text: basin

text: includes

text: vast

text: tropical

text: forest

text: home

text: to

text: diverse

text: wildlife

text: variety

text: of

text: ecological

text: systems

text: and

text: extensive

text: natural

text: resources

text: spanning

text: numerous

text: protected

text: habitats

text: This

text: unique

text: environmental

text: heritage

text: makes

text: Brazil

text: one

text: of

text: megadiverse

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: significant

text: global

text: interest

text: and

text: debate

text: regarding

text: deforestation

text: and

text: environmental

text: protection

text: João Gilberto Prado Pereira de Oliveira, known as João Gilberto (June 10, 1931), is a Brazilian singer, songwriter, and guitarist. His recordings, including many songs by Antônio Carlos Jobim and Vinicius de Moraes, established the musical genre of bossa nova in the late 1950s.

text: João

text: Gilberto

text: Prado

text: Pereira

text: de

text: Oliveira

text: known

text: as

text: João

text: Gilberto

text: June

text: is

text: Brazilian

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: guitarist

text: His

text: recordings

text: including

text: many

text: songs

text: by

text: Antônio

text: Carlos

text: Jobim

text: and

text: Vinicius

text: de

text: Moraes

text: established

text: the

text: musical

text: genre

text: of

text: bossa

text: nova

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost subregion of Africa. West Africa has been defined as including 18 countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, the island nation of Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, the island of Saint Helena, Senegal, Sierra Leone, São Tomé and Príncipe and Togo.

text: West

text: Africa

text: also

text: called

text: Western

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: of

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: subregion

text: of

text: Africa

text: West

text: Africa

text: has

text: been

text: defined

text: as

text: including

text: countries

text: Benin

text: Burkina

text: Faso

text: the

text: island

text: nation

text: of

text: Cape

text: Verde

text: Gambia

text: Ghana

text: Guinea

text: Guinea

text: Bissau

text: Ivory

text: Coast

text: Liberia

text: Mali

text: Mauritania

text: Niger

text: Nigeria

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Senegal

text: Sierra

text: Leone

text: São

text: Tomé

text: and

text: Príncipe

text: and

text: Togo

text: Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms".

text: Jazz

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: amongst

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: Since

text: the

text: jazz

text: age

text: jazz

text: has

text: become

text: recognized

text: as

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: musical

text: expression

text: It

text: emerged

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: independent

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: musical

text: styles

text: all

text: linked

text: by

text: the

text: common

text: bonds

text: of

text: African

text: American

text: and

text: European

text: American

text: musical

text: parentage

text: with

text: performance

text: orientation

text: Jazz

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: swing

text: and

text: blue

text: notes

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: vocals

text: polyrhythms

text: and

text: improvisation

text: Jazz

text: has

text: roots

text: in

text: West

text: African

text: cultural

text: and

text: musical

text: expression

text: and

text: in

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: traditions

text: including

text: blues

text: and

text: ragtime

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: European

text: military

text: band

text: music

text: Although

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: jazz

text: is

text: deeply

text: rooted

text: within

text: the

text: Black

text: experience

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: different

text: cultures

text: have

text: contributed

text: their

text: own

text: experience

text: and

text: styles

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: form

text: as

text: well

text: Intellectuals

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: have

text: hailed

text: jazz

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: America

text: 's

text: original

text: art

text: forms

text: Ragtime  also spelled rag-time or rag time  is a musical genre that enjoyed its peak popularity between 1895 and 1918. Its cardinal trait is its syncopated, or "ragged", rhythm. The genre has its origins in African-American communities like St. Louis years before being published as popular sheet music for piano. Ernest Hogan (18651909) was a pioneer of ragtime music and was the first to compose ragtime into sheet music. The composition was called "LA Pas Ma LA" and it was released in 1895. Hogan has also been credited for coining the term "ragtime". The term is actually derived from his hometown "Shake Rag" in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Ben Harney, who is also a Kentucky native has often been credited for introducing the music to the mainstream public. His first ragtime composition "You've been a good old wagon but you done broke" helped popularize the musical genre. The composition was published in 1895 but released in 1896. Ragtime was also a modification of the march made popular by John Philip Sousa, with additional polyrhythms coming from African music. The ragtime composer Scott Joplin ("ca." 18681917) became famous through the publication of the "Maple Leaf Rag" (1899) and a string of ragtime hits such as "The Entertainer" (1902), although he was later forgotten by all but a small, dedicated community of ragtime aficionados until the major ragtime revival in the early 1970s. For at least 12 years after its publication, "Maple Leaf Rag" heavily influenced subsequent ragtime composers with its melody lines, harmonic progressions or metric patterns.

text: Ragtime

text: also

text: spelled

text: rag

text: time

text: or

text: rag

text: time

text: is

text: musical

text: genre

text: that

text: enjoyed

text: its

text: peak

text: popularity

text: between

text: and

text: Its

text: cardinal

text: trait

text: is

text: its

text: syncopated

text: or

text: ragged

text: rhythm

text: The

text: genre

text: has

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: African

text: American

text: communities

text: like

text: St.

text: Louis

text: years

text: before

text: being

text: published

text: as

text: popular

text: sheet

text: music

text: for

text: piano

text: Ernest

text: Hogan

text: was

text: pioneer

text: of

text: ragtime

text: music

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: compose

text: ragtime

text: into

text: sheet

text: music

text: The

text: composition

text: was

text: called

text: LA

text: Pas

text: Ma

text: LA

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Hogan

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: credited

text: for

text: coining

text: the

text: term

text: ragtime

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: actually

text: derived

text: from

text: his

text: hometown

text: Shake

text: Rag

text: in

text: Bowling

text: Green

text: Kentucky

text: Ben

text: Harney

text: who

text: is

text: also

text: Kentucky

text: native

text: has

text: often

text: been

text: credited

text: for

text: introducing

text: the

text: music

text: to

text: the

text: mainstream

text: public

text: His

text: first

text: ragtime

text: composition

text: You

text: 've

text: been

text: good

text: old

text: wagon

text: but

text: you

text: done

text: broke

text: helped

text: popularize

text: the

text: musical

text: genre

text: The

text: composition

text: was

text: published

text: in

text: but

text: released

text: in

text: Ragtime

text: was

text: also

text: modification

text: of

text: the

text: march

text: made

text: popular

text: by

text: John

text: Philip

text: Sousa

text: with

text: additional

text: polyrhythms

text: coming

text: from

text: African

text: music

text: The

text: ragtime

text: composer

text: Scott

text: Joplin

text: ca

text: became

text: famous

text: through

text: the

text: publication

text: of

text: the

text: Maple

text: Leaf

text: Rag

text: and

text: string

text: of

text: ragtime

text: hits

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Entertainer

text: although

text: he

text: was

text: later

text: forgotten

text: by

text: all

text: but

text: small

text: dedicated

text: community

text: of

text: ragtime

text: aficionados

text: until

text: the

text: major

text: ragtime

text: revival

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: For

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: after

text: its

text: publication

text: Maple

text: Leaf

text: Rag

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: subsequent

text: ragtime

text: composers

text: with

text: its

text: melody

text: lines

text: harmonic

text: progressions

text: or

text: metric

text: patterns

text: Stanley "Stan" Getz (February 2, 1927  June 6, 1991) was an American jazz saxophonist. Playing primarily the tenor saxophone, Getz was known as "The Sound" because of his warm, lyrical tone, his prime influence being the wispy, mellow timbre of his idol, Lester Young. Coming to prominence in the late 1940s with Woody Herman's big band, Getz is described by critic Scott Yanow as "one of the all-time great tenor saxophonists". Getz went on to perform in bebop and cool jazz groups, but is perhaps best known for popularizing bossa nova with the worldwide hit single "The Girl from Ipanema" (1964) performed with Astrud Gilberto, and for his work done under the influence of João Gilberto and Antônio Carlos Jobim.

text: Stanley

text: Stan

text: Getz

text: February

text: June

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: saxophonist

text: Playing

text: primarily

text: the

text: tenor

text: saxophone

text: Getz

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: The

text: Sound

text: because

text: of

text: his

text: warm

text: lyrical

text: tone

text: his

text: prime

text: influence

text: being

text: the

text: wispy

text: mellow

text: timbre

text: of

text: his

text: idol

text: Lester

text: Young

text: Coming

text: to

text: prominence

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: with

text: Woody

text: Herman

text: 's

text: big

text: band

text: Getz

text: is

text: described

text: by

text: critic

text: Scott

text: Yanow

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: all

text: time

text: great

text: tenor

text: saxophonists

text: Getz

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: perform

text: in

text: bebop

text: and

text: cool

text: jazz

text: groups

text: but

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: popularizing

text: bossa

text: nova

text: with

text: the

text: worldwide

text: hit

text: single

text: The

text: Girl

text: from

text: Ipanema

text: performed

text: with

text: Astrud

text: Gilberto

text: and

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: done

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: João

text: Gilberto

text: and

text: Antônio

text: Carlos

text: Jobim

text: Scott Yanow (born October 4, 1954) is an American jazz reviewer, historian, and author.

text: Scott

text: Yanow

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: reviewer

text: historian

text: and

text: author

text: Milton Banana ( born Antônio de Souza ) ( 23 April 1935 -- 22 May 1998 ) was a bossa nova jazz drummer . A self - taught musician , he is best known for his collaboration with João Gilberto and Stan Getz and for his work with the trio he founded .

text: Milton

text: Banana

text: born

text: Antônio

text: de

text: Souza

text: April

text: May

text: was

text: bossa

text: nova

text: jazz

text: drummer

text: self

text: taught

text: musician

text: he

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: collaboration

text: with

text: João

text: Gilberto

text: and

text: Stan

text: Getz

text: and

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: with

text: the

text: trio

text: he

text: founded

text: A drummer is a musician who plays drums, which includes a drum kit ("drum set" or "trap set", including cymbals) and accessory-based hardware which includes an assortment of pedals and standing support mechanisms, marching percussion or any musical instrument that is struck within the context of a wide assortment of musical genres. The term percussionist applies to a musician who performs struck musical instruments of numerous diverse shapes, sizes and applications. Most contemporary western ensembles bands for rock, pop, jazz, R&B etc. include a drummer for purposes including timekeeping and embellishing the musical timbre. Most drummers of this particular designation work within the context of a larger contingent (a.k.a. rhythm section) that may also include, keyboard (a percussion instrument) or guitar, auxiliary percussion (often of non western origin) and bass (bass viol or electric). Said ensembles may also include melodic based mallet percussion including: vibraphone, marimba or xylophone. The rhythm section, being the core metronomic foundation with which other melodic instruments, including voices, may present the harmonic/melodic portion of the material.

text: drummer

text: is

text: musician

text: who

text: plays

text: drums

text: which

text: includes

text: drum

text: kit

text: drum

text: set

text: or

text: trap

text: set

text: including

text: cymbals

text: and

text: accessory

text: based

text: hardware

text: which

text: includes

text: an

text: assortment

text: of

text: pedals

text: and

text: standing

text: support

text: mechanisms

text: marching

text: percussion

text: or

text: any

text: musical

text: instrument

text: that

text: is

text: struck

text: within

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: wide

text: assortment

text: of

text: musical

text: genres

text: The

text: term

text: percussionist

text: applies

text: to

text: musician

text: who

text: performs

text: struck

text: musical

text: instruments

text: of

text: numerous

text: diverse

text: shapes

text: sizes

text: and

text: applications

text: Most

text: contemporary

text: western

text: ensembles

text: bands

text: for

text: rock

text: pop

text: jazz

text: R&B

text: etc

text: include

text: drummer

text: for

text: purposes

text: including

text: timekeeping

text: and

text: embellishing

text: the

text: musical

text: timbre

text: Most

text: drummers

text: of

text: this

text: particular

text: designation

text: work

text: within

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: larger

text: contingent

text: a.k.a

text: rhythm

text: section

text: that

text: may

text: also

text: include

text: keyboard

text: percussion

text: instrument

text: or

text: guitar

text: auxiliary

text: percussion

text: often

text: of

text: non

text: western

text: origin

text: and

text: bass

text: bass

text: viol

text: or

text: electric

text: Said

text: ensembles

text: may

text: also

text: include

text: melodic

text: based

text: mallet

text: percussion

text: including

text: vibraphone

text: marimba

text: or

text: xylophone

text: The

text: rhythm

text: section

text: being

text: the

text: core

text: metronomic

text: foundation

text: with

text: which

text: other

text: melodic

text: instruments

text: including

text: voices

text: may

text: present

text: the

text: harmonic

text: melodic

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: material

text: The Jazz Age was a period in the 1920s, ending with the Great Depression, in which jazz music and dance styles became popular, mainly in the United States, but also in Britain, France and elsewhere. Jazz originated in New Orleans as a fusion of African and European music and played a significant part in wider cultural changes in this period, and its influence on pop culture continued long afterwards. The Jazz Age is often referred to in conjunction with the Roaring Twenties.

text: The

text: Jazz

text: Age

text: was

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: Great

text: Depression

text: in

text: which

text: jazz

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: styles

text: became

text: popular

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: but

text: also

text: in

text: Britain

text: France

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: Jazz

text: originated

text: in

text: New

text: Orleans

text: as

text: fusion

text: of

text: African

text: and

text: European

text: music

text: and

text: played

text: significant

text: part

text: in

text: wider

text: cultural

text: changes

text: in

text: this

text: period

text: and

text: its

text: influence

text: on

text: pop

text: culture

text: continued

text: long

text: afterwards

text: The

text: Jazz

text: Age

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: Roaring

text: Twenties

text: Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim (January 25, 1927December 8, 1994), also known as Tom Jobim, was a Brazilian composer, pianist, songwriter, arranger and singer. He was a primary force behind the creation of the bossa nova style, and his songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists within Brazil and internationally.

text: Antônio

text: Carlos

text: Brasileiro

text: de

text: Almeida

text: Jobim

text: January

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Tom

text: Jobim

text: was

text: Brazilian

text: composer

text: pianist

text: songwriter

text: arranger

text: and

text: singer

text: He

text: was

text: primary

text: force

text: behind

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: bossa

text: nova

text: style

text: and

text: his

text: songs

text: have

text: been

text: performed

text: by

text: many

text: singers

text: and

text: instrumentalists

text: within

text: Brazil

text: and

text: internationally

text: Marching percussion instruments are specially designed to be played while moving. This is achieved by attaching the drum(s) to a special harness (also called a carrier or rack) worn by the drummer, although not all marching bands use such harnesses and instead use traditional baldrics to sling their drums (the British Armed Forces, for instance, still use the old style of slung drums). The drums are designed and tuned for maximum articulation and projection of sound, as marching activities are almost always outdoors or in large interior spaces. Articulation is paramount to producing a "clean" sound from all the drummers in the line. These instruments are used by marching bands, drum and bugle corps, indoor percussion ensembles, and pipe bands. A marching percussion ensemble is frequently known as a drumline or battery.

text: Marching

text: percussion

text: instruments

text: are

text: specially

text: designed

text: to

text: be

text: played

text: while

text: moving

text: This

text: is

text: achieved

text: by

text: attaching

text: the

text: drum(s

text: to

text: special

text: harness

text: also

text: called

text: carrier

text: or

text: rack

text: worn

text: by

text: the

text: drummer

text: although

text: not

text: all

text: marching

text: bands

text: use

text: such

text: harnesses

text: and

text: instead

text: use

text: traditional

text: baldrics

text: to

text: sling

text: their

text: drums

text: the

text: British

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: for

text: instance

text: still

text: use

text: the

text: old

text: style

text: of

text: slung

text: drums

text: The

text: drums

text: are

text: designed

text: and

text: tuned

text: for

text: maximum

text: articulation

text: and

text: projection

text: of

text: sound

text: as

text: marching

text: activities

text: are

text: almost

text: always

text: outdoors

text: or

text: in

text: large

text: interior

text: spaces

text: Articulation

text: is

text: paramount

text: to

text: producing

text: clean

text: sound

text: from

text: all

text: the

text: drummers

text: in

text: the

text: line

text: These

text: instruments

text: are

text: used

text: by

text: marching

text: bands

text: drum

text: and

text: bugle

text: corps

text: indoor

text: percussion

text: ensembles

text: and

text: pipe

text: bands

text: marching

text: percussion

text: ensemble

text: is

text: frequently

text: known

text: as

text: drumline

text: or

text: battery

text: Samba is a Brazilian musical genre and dance style, with its roots in Africa via the West African slave trade and African religious traditions, particularly of Angola and the Congo, through the samba de roda genre of the northeastern state of Bahia, from which it derived. Although there were various forms of samba in Brazil in the form of various popular rhythms and regional dances that originated from drumming, samba as a music genre is seen as originally a musical expression of urban Rio de Janeiro, then the capital and largest city of Imperial Brazil.

text: Samba

text: is

text: Brazilian

text: musical

text: genre

text: and

text: dance

text: style

text: with

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: Africa

text: via

text: the

text: West

text: African

text: slave

text: trade

text: and

text: African

text: religious

text: traditions

text: particularly

text: of

text: Angola

text: and

text: the

text: Congo

text: through

text: the

text: samba

text: de

text: roda

text: genre

text: of

text: the

text: northeastern

text: state

text: of

text: Bahia

text: from

text: which

text: it

text: derived

text: Although

text: there

text: were

text: various

text: forms

text: of

text: samba

text: in

text: Brazil

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: various

text: popular

text: rhythms

text: and

text: regional

text: dances

text: that

text: originated

text: from

text: drumming

text: samba

text: as

text: music

text: genre

text: is

text: seen

text: as

text: originally

text: musical

text: expression

text: of

text: urban

text: Rio

text: de

text: Janeiro

text: then

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Imperial

text: Brazil

text: Bossa nova is a genre of Brazilian music, which developed and was popularized in the 1950s and 1960s and is today one of the best-known Brazilian music genres abroad. The phrase "bossa nova" means literally "new trend". A lyrical fusion of samba and jazz, bossa nova acquired a large following in the 1960s, initially among young musicians and college students.

text: Bossa

text: nova

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: Brazilian

text: music

text: which

text: developed

text: and

text: was

text: popularized

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: and

text: is

text: today

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: Brazilian

text: music

text: genres

text: abroad

text: The

text: phrase

text: bossa

text: nova

text: means

text: literally

text: new

text: trend

text: lyrical

text: fusion

text: of

text: samba

text: and

text: jazz

text: bossa

text: nova

text: acquired

text: large

text: following

text: in

text: the

text: initially

text: among

text: young

text: musicians

text: and

text: college

text: students

text: African-American music is an umbrella term covering a diverse range of musics and musical genres largely developed by African Americans. Their origins are in musical forms that arose out of the historical condition of slavery that characterized the lives of African Americans prior to the American Civil War.

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: is

text: an

text: umbrella

text: term

text: covering

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: musics

text: and

text: musical

text: genres

text: largely

text: developed

text: by

text: African

text: Americans

text: Their

text: origins

text: are

text: in

text: musical

text: forms

text: that

text: arose

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: historical

text: condition

text: of

text: slavery

text: that

text: characterized

text: the

text: lives

text: of

text: African

text: Americans

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: Improvisation is broad term referring to the process of devising an atypical method of solving a problem due to lack of time or resources. In a technical context, this can mean adapting a device for some use other than that which it was designed for, or building a device from unusual components in an ad-hoc fashion. Improvisation, within the context of performing arts, is a very spontaneous performance without specific or scripted preparation. The skills of improvisation can apply to many different faculties, across all artistic, scientific, physical, cognitive, academic, and non-academic disciplines.

text: Improvisation

text: is

text: broad

text: term

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: devising

text: an

text: atypical

text: method

text: of

text: solving

text: problem

text: due

text: to

text: lack

text: of

text: time

text: or

text: resources

text: In

text: technical

text: context

text: this

text: can

text: mean

text: adapting

text: device

text: for

text: some

text: use

text: other

text: than

text: that

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: designed

text: for

text: or

text: building

text: device

text: from

text: unusual

text: components

text: in

text: an

text: ad

text: hoc

text: fashion

text: Improvisation

text: within

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: performing

text: arts

text: is

text: very

text: spontaneous

text: performance

text: without

text: specific

text: or

text: scripted

text: preparation

text: The

text: skills

text: of

text: improvisation

text: can

text: apply

text: to

text: many

text: different

text: faculties

text: across

text: all

text: artistic

text: scientific

text: physical

text: cognitive

text: academic

text: and

text: non

text: academic

text: disciplines

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: Lester Willis Young (August 27, 1909  March 15, 1959), nicknamed "Pres" or "Prez", was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and occasional clarinetist.

text: Lester

text: Willis

text: Young

text: August

text: March

text: nicknamed

text: Pres

text: or

text: Prez

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: jazz

text: tenor

text: saxophonist

text: and

text: occasional

text: clarinetist

text: Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs and European-American folk music. Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common. Blue notes (or "worried notes"), usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch, are also an essential part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove.

text: Blues

text: is

text: genre

text: and

text: musical

text: form

text: originated

text: by

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: the

text: Deep

text: South

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: around

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: genre

text: developed

text: from

text: roots

text: in

text: African

text: musical

text: traditions

text: African

text: American

text: work

text: songs

text: and

text: European

text: American

text: folk

text: music

text: Blues

text: incorporated

text: spirituals

text: work

text: songs

text: field

text: hollers

text: shouts

text: chants

text: and

text: rhymed

text: simple

text: narrative

text: ballads

text: The

text: blues

text: form

text: ubiquitous

text: in

text: jazz

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: pattern

text: the

text: blues

text: scale

text: and

text: specific

text: chord

text: progressions

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: twelve

text: bar

text: blues

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: Blue

text: notes

text: or

text: worried

text: notes

text: usually

text: thirds

text: or

text: fifths

text: flattened

text: in

text: pitch

text: are

text: also

text: an

text: essential

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: sound

text: Blues

text: shuffles

text: or

text: walking

text: bass

text: reinforce

text: the

text: trance

text: like

text: rhythm

text: and

text: form

text: repetitive

text: effect

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: groove

annotations: likely multiple

question: country_of_citizenship milton banana

answer: brazil

text: brazil

text: brazil

text: brazil

text: brazil

text: brazil

text: brazil

text: brazil


text: Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime. The sentence that someone be punished in such a manner is referred to as a death sentence, whereas the act of carrying out the sentence is known as an execution. Crimes that are punishable by death are known as capital crimes or capital offences, and commonly include offences such as murder, treason, espionage, war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide. The term "capital" is derived from the Latin "capitalis" ("of the head", referring to execution by beheading).

text: Capital

text: punishment

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: death

text: penalty

text: is

text: government

text: sanctioned

text: practice

text: whereby

text: person

text: is

text: put

text: to

text: death

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: as

text: punishment

text: for

text: crime

text: The

text: sentence

text: that

text: someone

text: be

text: punished

text: in

text: such

text: manner

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: death

text: sentence

text: whereas

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: carrying

text: out

text: the

text: sentence

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: execution

text: Crimes

text: that

text: are

text: punishable

text: by

text: death

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: capital

text: crimes

text: or

text: capital

text: offences

text: and

text: commonly

text: include

text: offences

text: such

text: as

text: murder

text: treason

text: espionage

text: war

text: crimes

text: crimes

text: against

text: humanity

text: and

text: genocide

text: The

text: term

text: capital

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: capitalis

text: of

text: the

text: head

text: referring

text: to

text: execution

text: by

text: beheading

text: Gary Michael Heidnik ( November 22 , 1943 -- July 6 , 1999 ) was an American murderer who kidnapped , tortured , and raped six women , and held them prisoner in his basement in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Heidnik was sentenced to death and executed by lethal injection in July 1999 .

text: Gary

text: Michael

text: Heidnik

text: November

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: murderer

text: who

text: kidnapped

text: tortured

text: and

text: raped

text: six

text: women

text: and

text: held

text: them

text: prisoner

text: in

text: his

text: basement

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: Heidnik

text: was

text: sentenced

text: to

text: death

text: and

text: executed

text: by

text: lethal

text: injection

text: in

text: July

text: Lethal injection is the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person (typically a barbiturate, paralytic, and potassium solution) for the express purpose of causing immediate death. The main application for this procedure is capital punishment, but the term may also be applied in a broad sense to euthanasia and suicide. It first renders the person unconscious, and then stops the breathing and heart, in that order.

text: Lethal

text: injection

text: is

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: injecting

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: drugs

text: into

text: person

text: typically

text: barbiturate

text: paralytic

text: and

text: potassium

text: solution

text: for

text: the

text: express

text: purpose

text: of

text: causing

text: immediate

text: death

text: The

text: main

text: application

text: for

text: this

text: procedure

text: is

text: capital

text: punishment

text: but

text: the

text: term

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: applied

text: in

text: broad

text: sense

text: to

text: euthanasia

text: and

text: suicide

text: It

text: first

text: renders

text: the

text: person

text: unconscious

text: and

text: then

text: stops

text: the

text: breathing

text: and

text: heart

text: in

text: that

text: order

text:
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Risk factors include mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, alcoholism, or substance misuse. Others are impulsive acts due to stress such as from financial difficulties, troubles with relationships, or from bullying. Those who have previously attempted suicide are at higher risk for future attempts. Suicide prevention efforts include limiting access to method of suicide, such as firearms and poisons, treating mental disorders and substance misuse, proper media reporting of suicide, and improving economic conditions. Although crisis hotlines are common, there is little evidence for their effectiveness.
The most commonly used method of suicide varies between countries, and is partly related to the availability of effective means. Common methods include hanging, pesticide poisoning, and firearms. Suicide resulted in 842,000 deaths globally in 2013 (up from 712,000 deaths in 1990). This makes it the 10th leading cause of death worldwide.
Approximately 0.5% to 1.4% of people die by suicide, about 12 per 100,000 persons per year. Three quarters of suicides globally occur in the developing world. Rates of completed suicides are generally higher in men than in women, ranging from 1.5 times as much in the developing world to 3.5 times in the developed world. Suicide is generally most common among those over the age of 70; however, in certain countries those aged between 15 and 30 are at highest risk. There are an estimated 10 to 20 million non-fatal attempted suicides every year. Non-fatal suicide attempts may lead to injury and long-term disabilities. In the Western world, attempts are more common in young people and females.
Views on suicide have been influenced by broad existential themes such as religion, honor, and the meaning of life. The Abrahamic religions traditionally consider suicide an offense towards God due to the belief in the sanctity of life. During the samurai era in Japan, a form of suicide known as seppuku was respected as a means of making up for failure or as a form of protest. Sati, a practice outlawed by the British Raj, expected the Indian widow to kill herself on her husband's funeral fire, either willingly or under pressure from the family and society. Suicide and attempted suicide, while previously illegal, are no longer in most Western countries. It remains a criminal offense in many countries. In the 20th and 21st centuries, suicide has been used on rare occasions as a form of protest, and kamikaze and suicide bombings have been used as a military or terrorist tactic. The word is from the Latin "suicidium", which means "the killing of oneself".
Definitions.
Suicide, also known as completed suicide, is the "act of taking one's own life". Attempted suicide or non-fatal suicidal behavior is self-injury with the desire to end one's life that does not result in death. Assisted suicide is when one individual helps another bring about their own death indirectly via providing either advice or the means to the end. This is in contrast to euthanasia, where another person takes a more active role in bringing about a person's death. Suicidal ideation is thoughts of ending one's life but not taking any active efforts to do so.

text: Suicide

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: intentionally

text: causing

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: death

text: Risk

text: factors

text: include

text: mental

text: disorders

text: such

text: as

text: depression

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: schizophrenia

text: personality

text: disorders

text: alcoholism

text: or

text: substance

text: misuse

text: Others

text: are

text: impulsive

text: acts

text: due

text: to

text: stress

text: such

text: as

text: from

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: troubles

text: with

text: relationships

text: or

text: from

text: bullying

text: Those

text: who

text: have

text: previously

text: attempted

text: suicide

text: are

text: at

text: higher

text: risk

text: for

text: future

text: attempts

text: Suicide

text: prevention

text: efforts

text: include

text: limiting

text: access

text: to

text: method

text: of

text: suicide

text: such

text: as

text: firearms

text: and

text: poisons

text: treating

text: mental

text: disorders

text: and

text: substance

text: misuse

text: proper

text: media

text: reporting

text: of

text: suicide

text: and

text: improving

text: economic

text: conditions

text: Although

text: crisis

text: hotlines

text: are

text: common

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: evidence

text: for

text: their

text: effectiveness

text: The

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: method

text: of

text: suicide

text: varies

text: between

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: partly

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: effective

text: means

text: Common

text: methods

text: include

text: hanging

text: pesticide

text: poisoning

text: and

text: firearms

text: Suicide

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: globally

text: in

text: up

text: from

text: deaths

text: in

text: This

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: leading

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: worldwide

text: Approximately

text: to

text: of

text: people

text: die

text: by

text: suicide

text: about

text: per

text: persons

text: per

text: year

text: Three

text: quarters

text: of

text: suicides

text: globally

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: Rates

text: of

text: completed

text: suicides

text: are

text: generally

text: higher

text: in

text: men

text: than

text: in

text: women

text: ranging

text: from

text: times

text: as

text: much

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: to

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: Suicide

text: is

text: generally

text: most

text: common

text: among

text: those

text: over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: however

text: in

text: certain

text: countries

text: those

text: aged

text: between

text: and

text: are

text: at

text: highest

text: risk

text: There

text: are

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: non

text: fatal

text: attempted

text: suicides

text: every

text: year

text: Non

text: fatal

text: suicide

text: attempts

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: injury

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: disabilities

text: In

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: attempts

text: are

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: young

text: people

text: and

text: females

text: Views

text: on

text: suicide

text: have

text: been

text: influenced

text: by

text: broad

text: existential

text: themes

text: such

text: as

text: religion

text: honor

text: and

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: life

text: The

text: Abrahamic

text: religions

text: traditionally

text: consider

text: suicide

text: an

text: offense

text: towards

text: God

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: sanctity

text: of

text: life

text: During

text: the

text: samurai

text: era

text: in

text: Japan

text: form

text: of

text: suicide

text: known

text: as

text: seppuku

text: was

text: respected

text: as

text: means

text: of

text: making

text: up

text: for

text: failure

text: or

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: protest

text: Sati

text: practice

text: outlawed

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

text: expected

text: the

text: Indian

text: widow

text: to

text: kill

text: herself

text: on

text: her

text: husband

text: 's

text: funeral

text: fire

text: either

text: willingly

text: or

text: under

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: family

text: and

text: society

text: Suicide

text: and

text: attempted

text: suicide

text: while

text: previously

text: illegal

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: in

text: most

text: Western

text: countries

text: It

text: remains

text: criminal

text: offense

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: suicide

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: on

text: rare

text: occasions

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: protest

text: and

text: kamikaze

text: and

text: suicide

text: bombings

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: military

text: or

text: terrorist

text: tactic

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: suicidium

text: which

text: means

text: the

text: killing

text: of

text: oneself

text: Definitions

text: Suicide

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: completed

text: suicide

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: taking

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: life

text: Attempted

text: suicide

text: or

text: non

text: fatal

text: suicidal

text: behavior

text: is

text: self

text: injury

text: with

text: the

text: desire

text: to

text: end

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: result

text: in

text: death

text: Assisted

text: suicide

text: is

text: when

text: one

text: individual

text: helps

text: another

text: bring

text: about

text: their

text: own

text: death

text: indirectly

text: via

text: providing

text: either

text: advice

text: or

text: the

text: means

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: This

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: euthanasia

text: where

text: another

text: person

text: takes

text: more

text: active

text: role

text: in

text: bringing

text: about

text: person

text: 's

text: death

text: Suicidal

text: ideation

text: is

text: thoughts

text: of

text: ending

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: but

text: not

text: taking

text: any

text: active

text: efforts

text: to

text: do

text: so

question: manner_of_death gary m. heidnik

answer: capital punishment

text: capital punishment

text: capital punishment