text: Bullying is the use of force, threat, or coercion to abuse, intimidate, or aggressively dominate others. The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the perception, by the bully or by others, of an imbalance of social or physical power, which distinguishes bullying from conflict. Behaviors used to assert such domination can include verbal harassment or threat, physical assault or coercion, and such acts may be directed repeatedly towards particular targets. Rationalizations for such behavior sometimes include differences of social class, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, appearance, behavior, body language, personality, reputation, lineage, strength, size or ability. If bullying is done by a group, it is called mobbing.

text: Bullying

text: is

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: force

text: threat

text: or

text: coercion

text: to

text: abuse

text: intimidate

text: or

text: aggressively

text: dominate

text: others

text: The

text: behavior

text: is

text: often

text: repeated

text: and

text: habitual

text: One

text: essential

text: prerequisite

text: is

text: the

text: perception

text: by

text: the

text: bully

text: or

text: by

text: others

text: of

text: an

text: imbalance

text: of

text: social

text: or

text: physical

text: power

text: which

text: distinguishes

text: bullying

text: from

text: conflict

text: Behaviors

text: used

text: to

text: assert

text: such

text: domination

text: can

text: include

text: verbal

text: harassment

text: or

text: threat

text: physical

text: assault

text: or

text: coercion

text: and

text: such

text: acts

text: may

text: be

text: directed

text: repeatedly

text: towards

text: particular

text: targets

text: Rationalizations

text: for

text: such

text: behavior

text: sometimes

text: include

text: differences

text: of

text: social

text: class

text: race

text: religion

text: gender

text: sexual

text: orientation

text: appearance

text: behavior

text: body

text: language

text: personality

text: reputation

text: lineage

text: strength

text: size

text: or

text: ability

text: If

text: bullying

text: is

text: done

text: by

text: group

text: it

text: is

text: called

text: mobbing

text: Silvo Plut ( May 29 , 1968 -- April 28 , 2007 ) was a Slovenian serial killer . He was sentenced to 30 years in prison for the murder of Ljubica Ular and the attempted murder of her husband Miro Ular on February 24 , 2006 . Plut had been released on probation after 13 years in prison for the 1990 rape and murder of a former schoolmate , Marjanca Matjaši . He committed suicide in his prison cell on April 28 , 2007 .

text: Silvo

text: Plut

text: May

text: April

text: was

text: Slovenian

text: serial

text: killer

text: He

text: was

text: sentenced

text: to

text: years

text: in

text: prison

text: for

text: the

text: murder

text: of

text: Ljubica

text: Ular

text: and

text: the

text: attempted

text: murder

text: of

text: her

text: husband

text: Miro

text: Ular

text: on

text: February

text: Plut

text: had

text: been

text: released

text: on

text: probation

text: after

text: years

text: in

text: prison

text: for

text: the

text: rape

text: and

text: murder

text: of

text: former

text: schoolmate

text: Marjanca

text: Matjaši

text: He

text: committed

text: suicide

text: in

text: his

text: prison

text: cell

text: on

text: April

text: Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought. This state of mind may, depending upon the jurisdiction, distinguish murder from other forms of unlawful homicide, such as manslaughter. Manslaughter is a killing committed in the absence of "malice", brought about by reasonable provocation, or diminished capacity. "Involuntary" manslaughter, where it is recognized, is a killing that lacks all but the most attenuated guilty intent ("mens rea"), recklessness.

text: Murder

text: is

text: the

text: unlawful

text: killing

text: of

text: another

text: human

text: without

text: justification

text: or

text: valid

text: excuse

text: especially

text: the

text: unlawful

text: killing

text: of

text: another

text: human

text: being

text: with

text: malice

text: aforethought

text: This

text: state

text: of

text: mind

text: may

text: depending

text: upon

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: distinguish

text: murder

text: from

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: unlawful

text: homicide

text: such

text: as

text: manslaughter

text: Manslaughter

text: is

text: killing

text: committed

text: in

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: malice

text: brought

text: about

text: by

text: reasonable

text: provocation

text: or

text: diminished

text: capacity

text: Involuntary

text: manslaughter

text: where

text: it

text: is

text: recognized

text: is

text: killing

text: that

text: lacks

text: all

text: but

text: the

text: most

text: attenuated

text: guilty

text: intent

text: mens

text: rea

text: recklessness

text:
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability, and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning. It is defined by an IQ score under 70 in addition to deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors that affect everyday, general living. Once focused almost entirely on cognition, the definition now includes both a component relating to mental functioning and one relating to individuals' functional skills in their environments. As a result of this focus on the person's abilities in practice, a person with an unusually low IQ may not be considered to have intellectually disability. Intellectual disability is subdivided into syndromic intellectual disability, in which intellectual deficits associated with other medical and behavioral signs and symptoms are present, and non-syndromic intellectual disability, in which intellectual deficits appear without other abnormalities. Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome are examples of syndromic intellectual disabilities.
Intellectual disability affects about 23% of the general population. Seventy-five to ninety percent of the affected people have mild intellectual disability. Non-syndromic or idiopathic cases account for 3050% of cases. About a quarter of cases are caused by a genetic disorder, and about 5% of cases are inherited from a person's parents. Cases of unknown cause affect about 95 million people as of 2013.

text: Intellectual

text: disability

text: ID

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: general

text: learning

text: disability

text: and

text: mental

text: retardation

text: MR

text: is

text: generalized

text: neurodevelopmental

text: disorder

text: characterized

text: by

text: significantly

text: impaired

text: intellectual

text: and

text: adaptive

text: functioning

text: It

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: an

text: IQ

text: score

text: under

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: deficits

text: in

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: adaptive

text: behaviors

text: that

text: affect

text: everyday

text: general

text: living

text: Once

text: focused

text: almost

text: entirely

text: on

text: cognition

text: the

text: definition

text: now

text: includes

text: both

text: component

text: relating

text: to

text: mental

text: functioning

text: and

text: one

text: relating

text: to

text: individuals

text: functional

text: skills

text: in

text: their

text: environments

text: As

text: result

text: of

text: this

text: focus

text: on

text: the

text: person

text: 's

text: abilities

text: in

text: practice

text: person

text: with

text: an

text: unusually

text: low

text: IQ

text: may

text: not

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: intellectually

text: disability

text: Intellectual

text: disability

text: is

text: subdivided

text: into

text: syndromic

text: intellectual

text: disability

text: in

text: which

text: intellectual

text: deficits

text: associated

text: with

text: other

text: medical

text: and

text: behavioral

text: signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: are

text: present

text: and

text: non

text: syndromic

text: intellectual

text: disability

text: in

text: which

text: intellectual

text: deficits

text: appear

text: without

text: other

text: abnormalities

text: Down

text: syndrome

text: and

text: fragile

text: syndrome

text: are

text: examples

text: of

text: syndromic

text: intellectual

text: disabilities

text: Intellectual

text: disability

text: affects

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: population

text: Seventy

text: five

text: to

text: ninety

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: affected

text: people

text: have

text: mild

text: intellectual

text: disability

text: Non

text: syndromic

text: or

text: idiopathic

text: cases

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: cases

text: About

text: quarter

text: of

text: cases

text: are

text: caused

text: by

text: genetic

text: disorder

text: and

text: about

text: of

text: cases

text: are

text: inherited

text: from

text: person

text: 's

text: parents

text: Cases

text: of

text: unknown

text: cause

text: affect

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It regulates social conduct and proscribes whatever is threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people. It includes the punishment of people who violate these laws. Criminal law varies according to jurisdiction, and differs from civil law, where emphasis is more on dispute resolution and victim compensation than on punishment.

text: Criminal

text: law

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: law

text: that

text: relates

text: to

text: crime

text: It

text: regulates

text: social

text: conduct

text: and

text: proscribes

text: whatever

text: is

text: threatening

text: harmful

text: or

text: otherwise

text: endangering

text: to

text: the

text: property

text: health

text: safety

text: and

text: moral

text: welfare

text: of

text: people

text: It

text: includes

text: the

text: punishment

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: violate

text: these

text: laws

text: Criminal

text: law

text: varies

text: according

text: to

text: jurisdiction

text: and

text: differs

text: from

text: civil

text: law

text: where

text: emphasis

text: is

text: more

text: on

text: dispute

text: resolution

text: and

text: victim

text: compensation

text: than

text: on

text: punishment

text: Probation in criminal law is a period of supervision over an offender, ordered by a court instead of serving time in prison.

text: Probation

text: in

text: criminal

text: law

text: is

text: period

text: of

text: supervision

text: over

text: an

text: offender

text: ordered

text: by

text: court

text: instead

text: of

text: serving

text: time

text: in

text: prison

text: </div> War is a state of armed conflict between societies. It is generally characterized by extreme aggression, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces. An absence of war is usually called "peace". Warfare refers to the common activities and characteristics of types of war, or of wars in general. Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant casualties.

text: /div

text: War

text: is

text: state

text: of

text: armed

text: conflict

text: between

text: societies

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: characterized

text: by

text: extreme

text: aggression

text: destruction

text: and

text: mortality

text: using

text: regular

text: or

text: irregular

text: military

text: forces

text: An

text: absence

text: of

text: war

text: is

text: usually

text: called

text: peace

text: Warfare

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: common

text: activities

text: and

text: characteristics

text: of

text: types

text: of

text: war

text: or

text: of

text: wars

text: in

text: general

text: Total

text: war

text: is

text: warfare

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: restricted

text: to

text: purely

text: legitimate

text: military

text: targets

text: and

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: massive

text: civilian

text: or

text: other

text: non

text: combatant

text: casualties

text:
A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a diagnosis by a mental health professional of a behavioral or mental pattern that may cause suffering or a poor ability to function in life. Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode. Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.
The causes of mental disorders are often unclear. Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields. Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks. This may be associated with particular regions or functions of the brain, often in a social context. A mental disorder is one aspect of mental health. Cultural and religious beliefs, as well as social norms, should be taken into account when making a diagnosis.
Services are based in psychiatric hospitals or in the community, and assessments are carried out by psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and clinical social workers, using various methods but often relying on observation and questioning. Treatments are provided by various mental health professionals. Psychotherapy and psychiatric medication are two major treatment options. Other treatments include social interventions, peer support, and self-help. In a minority of cases there might be involuntary detention or treatment. Prevention programs have been shown to reduce depression.
Common mental disorders include depression, which affects about 400 million, dementia which affects about 35 million, and schizophrenia, which affects about 21 million people globally. Stigma and discrimination can add to the suffering and disability associated with mental disorders, leading to various social movements attempting to increase understanding and challenge social exclusion.

text: mental

text: disorder

text: also

text: called

text: mental

text: illness

text: or

text: psychiatric

text: disorder

text: is

text: diagnosis

text: by

text: mental

text: health

text: professional

text: of

text: behavioral

text: or

text: mental

text: pattern

text: that

text: may

text: cause

text: suffering

text: or

text: poor

text: ability

text: to

text: function

text: in

text: life

text: Such

text: features

text: may

text: be

text: persistent

text: relapsing

text: and

text: remitting

text: or

text: occur

text: as

text: single

text: episode

text: Many

text: disorders

text: have

text: been

text: described

text: with

text: signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: that

text: vary

text: widely

text: between

text: specific

text: disorders

text: The

text: causes

text: of

text: mental

text: disorders

text: are

text: often

text: unclear

text: Theories

text: may

text: incorporate

text: findings

text: from

text: range

text: of

text: fields

text: Mental

text: disorders

text: are

text: usually

text: defined

text: by

text: combination

text: of

text: how

text: person

text: behaves

text: feels

text: perceives

text: or

text: thinks

text: This

text: may

text: be

text: associated

text: with

text: particular

text: regions

text: or

text: functions

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: often

text: in

text: social

text: context

text: mental

text: disorder

text: is

text: one

text: aspect

text: of

text: mental

text: health

text: Cultural

text: and

text: religious

text: beliefs

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: social

text: norms

text: should

text: be

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: when

text: making

text: diagnosis

text: Services

text: are

text: based

text: in

text: psychiatric

text: hospitals

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: community

text: and

text: assessments

text: are

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: psychiatrists

text: clinical

text: psychologists

text: and

text: clinical

text: social

text: workers

text: using

text: various

text: methods

text: but

text: often

text: relying

text: on

text: observation

text: and

text: questioning

text: Treatments

text: are

text: provided

text: by

text: various

text: mental

text: health

text: professionals

text: Psychotherapy

text: and

text: psychiatric

text: medication

text: are

text: two

text: major

text: treatment

text: options

text: Other

text: treatments

text: include

text: social

text: interventions

text: peer

text: support

text: and

text: self

text: help

text: In

text: minority

text: of

text: cases

text: there

text: might

text: be

text: involuntary

text: detention

text: or

text: treatment

text: Prevention

text: programs

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: reduce

text: depression

text: Common

text: mental

text: disorders

text: include

text: depression

text: which

text: affects

text: about

text: million

text: dementia

text: which

text: affects

text: about

text: million

text: and

text: schizophrenia

text: which

text: affects

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: globally

text: Stigma

text: and

text: discrimination

text: can

text: add

text: to

text: the

text: suffering

text: and

text: disability

text: associated

text: with

text: mental

text: disorders

text: leading

text: to

text: various

text: social

text: movements

text: attempting

text: to

text: increase

text: understanding

text: and

text: challenge

text: social

text: exclusion

text:
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand what is real. Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, hearing voices that others do not, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, and a lack of motivation. People with schizophrenia often have additional mental health problems such as anxiety disorders, major depressive illness, or substance use disorders. Symptoms typically come on gradually, begin in young adulthood, and last a long time.
The causes of schizophrenia include environmental and genetic factors. Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city, cannabis use, certain infections, parental age, and poor nutrition during pregnancy. Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants. Diagnosis is based on observed behavior, the person's reported experiences, and reports of others familiar with the person. During diagnosis a person's culture must also be taken into account. As of 2013 there is no objective test. Schizophrenia does not imply a "split personality" or "multiple personality disorder"conditions with which it is often confused in public perception.
The mainstay of treatment is antipsychotic medication, along with counselling, job training, and social rehabilitation. It is unclear whether typical or atypical antipsychotics are better. In those who do not improve with other antipsychotics clozapine may be tried. In more serious situationswhere there is risk to self or othersinvoluntary hospitalization may be necessary, although hospital stays are now shorter and less frequent than they once were.
About 0.30.7% of people are affected by schizophrenia during their lifetimes. In 2013 there were estimated to be 23.6 million cases globally. Males are more often affected than females. About 20% of people do well, and a few recover completely. Social problems, such as long-term unemployment, poverty, and homelessness are common. The average life expectancy of people with the disorder is ten to twenty-five years less than for the general population. This is the result of increased physical health problems and a higher suicide rate (about 5%). In 2013 an estimated 16,000 people worldwide died from behavior related to, or caused by, schizophrenia.

text: Schizophrenia

text: is

text: mental

text: disorder

text: characterized

text: by

text: abnormal

text: social

text: behavior

text: and

text: failure

text: to

text: understand

text: what

text: is

text: real

text: Common

text: symptoms

text: include

text: false

text: beliefs

text: unclear

text: or

text: confused

text: thinking

text: hearing

text: voices

text: that

text: others

text: do

text: not

text: reduced

text: social

text: engagement

text: and

text: emotional

text: expression

text: and

text: lack

text: of

text: motivation

text: People

text: with

text: schizophrenia

text: often

text: have

text: additional

text: mental

text: health

text: problems

text: such

text: as

text: anxiety

text: disorders

text: major

text: depressive

text: illness

text: or

text: substance

text: use

text: disorders

text: Symptoms

text: typically

text: come

text: on

text: gradually

text: begin

text: in

text: young

text: adulthood

text: and

text: last

text: long

text: time

text: The

text: causes

text: of

text: schizophrenia

text: include

text: environmental

text: and

text: genetic

text: factors

text: Possible

text: environmental

text: factors

text: include

text: being

text: raised

text: in

text: city

text: cannabis

text: use

text: certain

text: infections

text: parental

text: age

text: and

text: poor

text: nutrition

text: during

text: pregnancy

text: Genetic

text: factors

text: include

text: variety

text: of

text: common

text: and

text: rare

text: genetic

text: variants

text: Diagnosis

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: observed

text: behavior

text: the

text: person

text: 's

text: reported

text: experiences

text: and

text: reports

text: of

text: others

text: familiar

text: with

text: the

text: person

text: During

text: diagnosis

text: person

text: 's

text: culture

text: must

text: also

text: be

text: taken

text: into

text: account

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: objective

text: test

text: Schizophrenia

text: does

text: not

text: imply

text: split

text: personality

text: or

text: multiple

text: personality

text: disorder"conditions

text: with

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: confused

text: in

text: public

text: perception

text: The

text: mainstay

text: of

text: treatment

text: is

text: antipsychotic

text: medication

text: along

text: with

text: counselling

text: job

text: training

text: and

text: social

text: rehabilitation

text: It

text: is

text: unclear

text: whether

text: typical

text: or

text: atypical

text: antipsychotics

text: are

text: better

text: In

text: those

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: improve

text: with

text: other

text: antipsychotics

text: clozapine

text: may

text: be

text: tried

text: In

text: more

text: serious

text: situationswhere

text: there

text: is

text: risk

text: to

text: self

text: or

text: othersinvoluntary

text: hospitalization

text: may

text: be

text: necessary

text: although

text: hospital

text: stays

text: are

text: now

text: shorter

text: and

text: less

text: frequent

text: than

text: they

text: once

text: were

text: About

text: of

text: people

text: are

text: affected

text: by

text: schizophrenia

text: during

text: their

text: lifetimes

text: In

text: there

text: were

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: million

text: cases

text: globally

text: Males

text: are

text: more

text: often

text: affected

text: than

text: females

text: About

text: of

text: people

text: do

text: well

text: and

text: few

text: recover

text: completely

text: Social

text: problems

text: such

text: as

text: long

text: term

text: unemployment

text: poverty

text: and

text: homelessness

text: are

text: common

text: The

text: average

text: life

text: expectancy

text: of

text: people

text: with

text: the

text: disorder

text: is

text: ten

text: to

text: twenty

text: five

text: years

text: less

text: than

text: for

text: the

text: general

text: population

text: This

text: is

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: increased

text: physical

text: health

text: problems

text: and

text: higher

text: suicide

text: rate

text: about

text: In

text: an

text: estimated

text: people

text: worldwide

text: died

text: from

text: behavior

text: related

text: to

text: or

text: caused

text: by

text: schizophrenia

text: In Japanese, they are usually referred to as or . According to translator William Scott Wilson: "In Chinese, the character  was originally a verb meaning "to wait upon" or "accompany persons" in the upper ranks of society, and this is also true of the original term in Japanese, saburau. In both countries the terms were nominalized to mean "those who serve in close attendance to the nobility", the pronunciation in Japanese changing to saburai. According to Wilson, an early reference to the word "samurai" appears in the Kokin Wakash (905914), the first imperial anthology of poems, completed in the first part of the 10th century.

text: In

text: Japanese

text: they

text: are

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: or

text: According

text: to

text: translator

text: William

text: Scott

text: Wilson

text: In

text: Chinese

text: the

text: character

text: was

text: originally

text: verb

text: meaning

text: to

text: wait

text: upon

text: or

text: accompany

text: persons

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: ranks

text: of

text: society

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: also

text: true

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: term

text: in

text: Japanese

text: saburau

text: In

text: both

text: countries

text: the

text: terms

text: were

text: nominalized

text: to

text: mean

text: those

text: who

text: serve

text: in

text: close

text: attendance

text: to

text: the

text: nobility

text: the

text: pronunciation

text: in

text: Japanese

text: changing

text: to

text: saburai

text: According

text: to

text: Wilson

text: an

text: early

text: reference

text: to

text: the

text: word

text: samurai

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: Kokin

text: Wakash

text: the

text: first

text: imperial

text: anthology

text: of

text: poems

text: completed

text: in

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Coercion is the practice of forcing another party to act in an involuntary manner by use of intimidation or threats or some other form of pressure or force. It involves a set of various types of forceful actions that violate the free will of an individual to induce a desired response, for example: a bully demanding lunch money to a student or the student gets beaten. These actions can include, but are not limited to, extortion, blackmail, torture, threats to induce favors or even sexual assault. In law, coercion is codified as a duress crime. Such actions are used as leverage, to force the victim to act in a way contrary to their own interests. Coercion may involve the actual infliction of physical pain/injury or psychological harm in order to enhance the credibility of a threat. The threat of further harm may lead to the cooperation or obedience of the person being coerced.

text: Coercion

text: is

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: forcing

text: another

text: party

text: to

text: act

text: in

text: an

text: involuntary

text: manner

text: by

text: use

text: of

text: intimidation

text: or

text: threats

text: or

text: some

text: other

text: form

text: of

text: pressure

text: or

text: force

text: It

text: involves

text: set

text: of

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: forceful

text: actions

text: that

text: violate

text: the

text: free

text: will

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: to

text: induce

text: desired

text: response

text: for

text: example

text: bully

text: demanding

text: lunch

text: money

text: to

text: student

text: or

text: the

text: student

text: gets

text: beaten

text: These

text: actions

text: can

text: include

text: but

text: are

text: not

text: limited

text: to

text: extortion

text: blackmail

text: torture

text: threats

text: to

text: induce

text: favors

text: or

text: even

text: sexual

text: assault

text: In

text: law

text: coercion

text: is

text: codified

text: as

text: duress

text: crime

text: Such

text: actions

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: leverage

text: to

text: force

text: the

text: victim

text: to

text: act

text: in

text: way

text: contrary

text: to

text: their

text: own

text: interests

text: Coercion

text: may

text: involve

text: the

text: actual

text: infliction

text: of

text: physical

text: pain

text: injury

text: or

text: psychological

text: harm

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: enhance

text: the

text: credibility

text: of

text: threat

text: The

text: threat

text: of

text: further

text: harm

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: the

text: cooperation

text: or

text: obedience

text: of

text: the

text: person

text: being

text: coerced

text: Attempted murder is a crime of attempt in various jurisdictions.

text: Attempted

text: murder

text: is

text: crime

text: of

text: attempt

text: in

text: various

text: jurisdictions

text: Assisted suicide is suicide committed with the aid of another person, sometimes a physician. The term is often used interchangeably with physician-assisted suicide (PAS), which involves a doctor "knowingly and intentionally providing a person with the knowledge or means or both required to commit suicide, including counseling about lethal doses of drugs, prescribing such lethal doses or supplying the drugs."

text: Assisted

text: suicide

text: is

text: suicide

text: committed

text: with

text: the

text: aid

text: of

text: another

text: person

text: sometimes

text: physician

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: with

text: physician

text: assisted

text: suicide

text: PAS

text: which

text: involves

text: doctor

text: knowingly

text: and

text: intentionally

text: providing

text: person

text: with

text: the

text: knowledge

text: or

text: means

text: or

text: both

text: required

text: to

text: commit

text: suicide

text: including

text: counseling

text: about

text: lethal

text: doses

text: of

text: drugs

text: prescribing

text: such

text: lethal

text: doses

text: or

text: supplying

text: the

text: drugs

text:
The British Raj (from "rj", literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule of the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947. The rule is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India. The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, and called the princely states. The resulting political union was also called the Indian Empire and after 1876 issued passports under that name.
As India, it was a of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945.

text: The

text: British

text: Raj

text: from

text: rj

text: literally

text: rule

text: in

text: Hindustani

text: was

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: Crown

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: rule

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Crown

text: rule

text: in

text: India

text: or

text: direct

text: rule

text: in

text: India

text: The

text: region

text: under

text: British

text: control

text: was

text: commonly

text: called

text: India

text: in

text: contemporaneous

text: usage

text: and

text: included

text: areas

text: directly

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: which

text: were

text: collectively

text: called

text: British

text: India

text: and

text: those

text: ruled

text: by

text: indigenous

text: rulers

text: but

text: under

text: British

text: tutelage

text: or

text: paramountcy

text: and

text: called

text: the

text: princely

text: states

text: The

text: resulting

text: political

text: union

text: was

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Indian

text: Empire

text: and

text: after

text: issued

text: passports

text: under

text: that

text: name

text: As

text: India

text: it

text: was

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: participating

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: in

text: and

text: and

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: in

text: San

text: Francisco

text: in

text: A serial killer is a person who typically murders three or more people, usually in service of abnormal psychological gratification, with the murders taking place over more than a month and including a significant break (a "cooling off period") between them. Different authorities apply different criteria when designating serial killers; while most set a threshold of three murders, others extend it to four or lessen it to two. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), for example, defines serial killing as "a series of two or more murders, committed as separate events, usually, but not always, by one offender acting alone".

text: serial

text: killer

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: typically

text: murders

text: three

text: or

text: more

text: people

text: usually

text: in

text: service

text: of

text: abnormal

text: psychological

text: gratification

text: with

text: the

text: murders

text: taking

text: place

text: over

text: more

text: than

text: month

text: and

text: including

text: significant

text: break

text: cooling

text: off

text: period

text: between

text: them

text: Different

text: authorities

text: apply

text: different

text: criteria

text: when

text: designating

text: serial

text: killers

text: while

text: most

text: set

text: threshold

text: of

text: three

text: murders

text: others

text: extend

text: it

text: to

text: four

text: or

text: lessen

text: it

text: to

text: two

text: The

text: Federal

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Investigation

text: FBI

text: for

text: example

text: defines

text: serial

text: killing

text: as

text: series

text: of

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: murders

text: committed

text: as

text: separate

text: events

text: usually

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: by

text: one

text: offender

text: acting

text: alone

text: Modern humans ("Homo sapiens", primarily ssp. "Homo sapiens sapiens") are the only extant members of Hominina tribe (or human tribe), a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes. They are characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; manual dexterity and increased tool use, compared to other animals; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies.

text: Modern

text: humans

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: primarily

text: ssp

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: sapiens

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: extant

text: members

text: of

text: Hominina

text: tribe

text: or

text: human

text: tribe

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: tribe

text: Hominini

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: family

text: of

text: great

text: apes

text: They

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: erect

text: posture

text: and

text: bipedal

text: locomotion

text: manual

text: dexterity

text: and

text: increased

text: tool

text: use

text: compared

text: to

text: other

text: animals

text: and

text: general

text: trend

text: toward

text: larger

text: more

text: complex

text: brains

text: and

text: societies

text: An attempt to commit a crime occurs if a criminal has an intent to commit a crime and takes a substantial step toward completing the crime, but for reasons not intended by the criminal, the final resulting crime does not occur. Attempt to commit a particular crime is a crime, usually considered to be of the same or lesser gravity as the particular crime that never ended up happening. Attempt is a type of inchoate crime, a crime that is not fully developed. The crime of attempt has two elements, intent and some conduct toward completion of the crime.

text: An

text: attempt

text: to

text: commit

text: crime

text: occurs

text: if

text: criminal

text: has

text: an

text: intent

text: to

text: commit

text: crime

text: and

text: takes

text: substantial

text: step

text: toward

text: completing

text: the

text: crime

text: but

text: for

text: reasons

text: not

text: intended

text: by

text: the

text: criminal

text: the

text: final

text: resulting

text: crime

text: does

text: not

text: occur

text: Attempt

text: to

text: commit

text: particular

text: crime

text: is

text: crime

text: usually

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: or

text: lesser

text: gravity

text: as

text: the

text: particular

text: crime

text: that

text: never

text: ended

text: up

text: happening

text: Attempt

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: inchoate

text: crime

text: crime

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: fully

text: developed

text: The

text: crime

text: of

text: attempt

text: has

text: two

text: elements

text: intent

text: and

text: some

text: conduct

text: toward

text: completion

text: of

text: the

text: crime

text: JUSTICE is a human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. It is the British section of the International Commission of Jurists, the international human rights organisation of lawyers devoted to the legal protection of human rights worldwide. Consequently, members of JUSTICE are predominantly barristers and solicitors, judges, legal academics, and law students.

text: JUSTICE

text: is

text: human

text: rights

text: and

text: law

text: reform

text: organisation

text: based

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: British

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: International

text: Commission

text: of

text: Jurists

text: the

text: international

text: human

text: rights

text: organisation

text: of

text: lawyers

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: legal

text: protection

text: of

text: human

text: rights

text: worldwide

text: Consequently

text: members

text: of

text: JUSTICE

text: are

text: predominantly

text: barristers

text: and

text: solicitors

text: judges

text: legal

text: academics

text: and

text: law

text: students

text: The Federal Bureau of Investigation, or FBI, is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, which simultaneously serves as the nation's prime federal law enforcement agency. Operating under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Department of Justice, the FBI is concurrently a member of the U.S. Intelligence Community and reports to both the Attorney General and the Director of National Intelligence. A leading U.S. counterterrorism, counterintelligence, and criminal investigative organization, the FBI has jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crimes.

text: The

text: Federal

text: Bureau

text: of

text: Investigation

text: or

text: FBI

text: is

text: the

text: domestic

text: intelligence

text: and

text: security

text: service

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: which

text: simultaneously

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: prime

text: federal

text: law

text: enforcement

text: agency

text: Operating

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Department

text: of

text: Justice

text: the

text: FBI

text: is

text: concurrently

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Intelligence

text: Community

text: and

text: reports

text: to

text: both

text: the

text: Attorney

text: General

text: and

text: the

text: Director

text: of

text: National

text: Intelligence

text: leading

text: U.S.

text: counterterrorism

text: counterintelligence

text: and

text: criminal

text: investigative

text: organization

text: the

text: FBI

text: has

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: violations

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: categories

text: of

text: federal

text: crimes

text: The word authority (derived from the Latin word "auctoritas") can be used to mean the right to exercise power given by the State (in the form of government, judges, police officers, etc.), or by academic knowledge of an area (someone that can be an authority on a subject).

text: The

text: word

text: authority

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: auctoritas

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: mean

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: exercise

text: power

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: State

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: judges

text: police

text: officers

text: etc

text: or

text: by

text: academic

text: knowledge

text: of

text: an

text: area

text: someone

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: an

text: authority

text: on

text: subject

text: A crisis hotline is a phone number people can call to get immediate emergency telephone counseling, usually by trained volunteers. The first such service was founded in England in 1953 and such hotlines have existed in most major cities of the English speaking world at least since the mid-1970s. Initially set up to help those contemplating suicide, many have expanded their mandate to deal more generally with emotional crises. Similar hotlines operate to help people in other circumstances, including rape victims, bullying victims, runaway children, human trafficking victims, and people who identify as LGBT or intersex.

text: crisis

text: hotline

text: is

text: phone

text: number

text: people

text: can

text: call

text: to

text: get

text: immediate

text: emergency

text: telephone

text: counseling

text: usually

text: by

text: trained

text: volunteers

text: The

text: first

text: such

text: service

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: England

text: in

text: and

text: such

text: hotlines

text: have

text: existed

text: in

text: most

text: major

text: cities

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: at

text: least

text: since

text: the

text: Initially

text: set

text: up

text: to

text: help

text: those

text: contemplating

text: suicide

text: many

text: have

text: expanded

text: their

text: mandate

text: to

text: deal

text: more

text: generally

text: with

text: emotional

text: crises

text: Similar

text: hotlines

text: operate

text: to

text: help

text: people

text: in

text: other

text: circumstances

text: including

text: rape

text: victims

text: bullying

text: victims

text: runaway

text: children

text: human

text: trafficking

text: victims

text: and

text: people

text: who

text: identify

text: as

text: LGBT

text: or

text: intersex

text: Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration perpetrated against a person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority or against a person who is incapable of giving valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, has an intellectual disability or is below the legal age of consent. The term "rape" is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "sexual assault."

text: Rape

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: sexual

text: assault

text: usually

text: involving

text: sexual

text: intercourse

text: or

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: sexual

text: penetration

text: perpetrated

text: against

text: person

text: without

text: that

text: person

text: 's

text: consent

text: The

text: act

text: may

text: be

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: physical

text: force

text: coercion

text: abuse

text: of

text: authority

text: or

text: against

text: person

text: who

text: is

text: incapable

text: of

text: giving

text: valid

text: consent

text: such

text: as

text: one

text: who

text: is

text: unconscious

text: incapacitated

text: has

text: an

text: intellectual

text: disability

text: or

text: is

text: below

text: the

text: legal

text: age

text: of

text: consent

text: The

text: term

text: rape

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: with

text: the

text: term

text: sexual

text: assault

text: The meaning of life, or the answer to the question "What is the meaning of life?", pertains to the significance of living or existence in general. Many other related questions include "Why are we here?", "What is life all about?", and "What is the purpose of existence?" or even "Does life exist at all?" There have been a large number of proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The search for life's meaning has produced much philosophical, scientific, theological, and metaphysical speculation throughout history. Different people and cultures believe different things for the answer to this question.

text: The

text: meaning

text: of

text: life

text: or

text: the

text: answer

text: to

text: the

text: question

text: What

text: is

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: life

text: pertains

text: to

text: the

text: significance

text: of

text: living

text: or

text: existence

text: in

text: general

text: Many

text: other

text: related

text: questions

text: include

text: Why

text: are

text: we

text: here

text: What

text: is

text: life

text: all

text: about

text: and

text: What

text: is

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: existence

text: or

text: even

text: Does

text: life

text: exist

text: at

text: all

text: There

text: have

text: been

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: proposed

text: answers

text: to

text: these

text: questions

text: from

text: many

text: different

text: cultural

text: and

text: ideological

text: backgrounds

text: The

text: search

text: for

text: life

text: 's

text: meaning

text: has

text: produced

text: much

text: philosophical

text: scientific

text: theological

text: and

text: metaphysical

text: speculation

text: throughout

text: history

text: Different

text: people

text: and

text: cultures

text: believe

text: different

text: things

text: for

text: the

text: answer

text: to

text: this

text: question

text: A punishment is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon a group or individual, meted out by an authorityin contexts ranging from child discipline to criminal lawas a response and deterrent to a particular action or behaviour that is deemed undesirable or unacceptable. The reasoning may be to condition a child to avoid self-endangerment, to impose social conformity (in particular, in the contexts of compulsory education or military discipline), to defend norms, to protect against future harms (in particular, those from violent crime), and to maintain the lawand respect for rule of lawunder which the social group is governed. Punishment may be self-inflicted as with self-flagellation and mortification of the flesh in the religious setting, but is most often a form of social coercion.

text: punishment

text: is

text: the

text: imposition

text: of

text: an

text: undesirable

text: or

text: unpleasant

text: outcome

text: upon

text: group

text: or

text: individual

text: meted

text: out

text: by

text: an

text: authorityin

text: contexts

text: ranging

text: from

text: child

text: discipline

text: to

text: criminal

text: lawas

text: response

text: and

text: deterrent

text: to

text: particular

text: action

text: or

text: behaviour

text: that

text: is

text: deemed

text: undesirable

text: or

text: unacceptable

text: The

text: reasoning

text: may

text: be

text: to

text: condition

text: child

text: to

text: avoid

text: self

text: endangerment

text: to

text: impose

text: social

text: conformity

text: in

text: particular

text: in

text: the

text: contexts

text: of

text: compulsory

text: education

text: or

text: military

text: discipline

text: to

text: defend

text: norms

text: to

text: protect

text: against

text: future

text: harms

text: in

text: particular

text: those

text: from

text: violent

text: crime

text: and

text: to

text: maintain

text: the

text: lawand

text: respect

text: for

text: rule

text: of

text: lawunder

text: which

text: the

text: social

text: group

text: is

text: governed

text: Punishment

text: may

text: be

text: self

text: inflicted

text: as

text: with

text: self

text: flagellation

text: and

text: mortification

text: of

text: the

text: flesh

text: in

text: the

text: religious

text: setting

text: but

text: is

text: most

text: often

text: form

text: of

text: social

text: coercion

text: Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest.

text: Japan

text: Nippon

text: or

text: Nihon

text: formally

text: or

text: Nihon

text: koku

text: means

text: State

text: of

text: Japan

text: is

text: sovereign

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Asia

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: lying

text: off

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Asia

text: Mainland

text: east

text: of

text: China

text: Korea

text: Russia

text: and

text: stretching

text: from

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Okhotsk

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: and

text: near

text: Taiwan

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: Abrahamic religions, emphasizing and tracing their common origin to the tribal patriarch Abraham or recognizing a spiritual tradition identified with him, are one of the major divisions in comparative religion (along with Indian, Iranian, and East Asian religions). Judaism, Christianity and Islam are the largest Abrahamic religions in terms of numbers of adherents.

text: Abrahamic

text: religions

text: emphasizing

text: and

text: tracing

text: their

text: common

text: origin

text: to

text: the

text: tribal

text: patriarch

text: Abraham

text: or

text: recognizing

text: spiritual

text: tradition

text: identified

text: with

text: him

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: divisions

text: in

text: comparative

text: religion

text: along

text: with

text: Indian

text: Iranian

text: and

text: East

text: Asian

text: religions

text: Judaism

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Islam

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: Abrahamic

text: religions

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: numbers

text: of

text: adherents

text:
Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a mental disorder with periods of depression and periods of elevated mood. The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania or hypomania, depending on its severity, or whether symptoms of psychosis are present. During mania, an individual behaves or feels abnormally energetic, happy, or irritable. Individuals often make poorly thought out decisions with little regard to the consequences. The need for sleep is usually reduced during manic phases. During periods of depression, there may be crying, a negative outlook on life, and poor eye contact with others. The risk of suicide among those with the illness is high at greater than 6 percent over 20 years, while self-harm occurs in 3040 percent. Other mental health issues such as anxiety disorders and substance use disorder are commonly associated.
The causes are not clearly understood, but both environmental and genetic factors play a role. Many genes of small effect contribute to risk. Environmental factors include a history of childhood abuse, and long-term stress. The condition is divided into bipolar I disorder if there is at least one manic episode and bipolar II disorder if there are at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode. In those with less severe symptoms of a prolonged duration, the condition cyclothymic disorder may be diagnosed. If due to drugs or medical problems, it is classified separately. Other conditions that may present in a similar manner include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, and substance use disorder as well as a number of medical conditions. Medical testing is not required for a diagnosis, though blood tests or medical imaging can be done to rule out other problems.
Treatment commonly includes psychotherapy, as well as medications such as mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. Examples of mood stabilizers that are commonly used include lithium and various anticonvulsants. Treatment in a hospital without the individual's consent may be required if a person is at risk to themselves or others but refuses treatment. Severe behavioral problems may be managed with short term antipsychotics or benzodiazepines. In periods of mania it is recommended that antidepressants be stopped. If antidepressants are used for periods of depression they should be used with a mood stabilizer. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be helpful for those who do not respond to other treatments. If treatments are stopped, it is recommended that this be done slowly. Many individuals have financial, social or work-related problems due to the illness. These difficulties occur a quarter to a third of the time on average. The risk of death from natural causes such as heart disease is twice that of the general population. This is due to poor lifestyle choices and the side effects from medications.
About 3 percent of people in the United States are estimated to have bipolar disorder at some point in their life. Lower rates of around 1 percent are found in other countries. The most common age at which symptoms begin is 25. Rates appear to be similar in females and males. The economic costs of the disorder has been estimated at $45 billion for the United States in 1991. A large proportion of this was related to a higher number of missed work days, estimated at 50 per year. People with bipolar disorder often face problems with social stigma.

text: Bipolar

text: disorder

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: manic

text: depression

text: is

text: mental

text: disorder

text: with

text: periods

text: of

text: depression

text: and

text: periods

text: of

text: elevated

text: mood

text: The

text: elevated

text: mood

text: is

text: significant

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: mania

text: or

text: hypomania

text: depending

text: on

text: its

text: severity

text: or

text: whether

text: symptoms

text: of

text: psychosis

text: are

text: present

text: During

text: mania

text: an

text: individual

text: behaves

text: or

text: feels

text: abnormally

text: energetic

text: happy

text: or

text: irritable

text: Individuals

text: often

text: make

text: poorly

text: thought

text: out

text: decisions

text: with

text: little

text: regard

text: to

text: the

text: consequences

text: The

text: need

text: for

text: sleep

text: is

text: usually

text: reduced

text: during

text: manic

text: phases

text: During

text: periods

text: of

text: depression

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: crying

text: negative

text: outlook

text: on

text: life

text: and

text: poor

text: eye

text: contact

text: with

text: others

text: The

text: risk

text: of

text: suicide

text: among

text: those

text: with

text: the

text: illness

text: is

text: high

text: at

text: greater

text: than

text: percent

text: over

text: years

text: while

text: self

text: harm

text: occurs

text: in

text: percent

text: Other

text: mental

text: health

text: issues

text: such

text: as

text: anxiety

text: disorders

text: and

text: substance

text: use

text: disorder

text: are

text: commonly

text: associated

text: The

text: causes

text: are

text: not

text: clearly

text: understood

text: but

text: both

text: environmental

text: and

text: genetic

text: factors

text: play

text: role

text: Many

text: genes

text: of

text: small

text: effect

text: contribute

text: to

text: risk

text: Environmental

text: factors

text: include

text: history

text: of

text: childhood

text: abuse

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: stress

text: The

text: condition

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: if

text: there

text: is

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: manic

text: episode

text: and

text: bipolar

text: II

text: disorder

text: if

text: there

text: are

text: at

text: least

text: one

text: hypomanic

text: episode

text: and

text: one

text: major

text: depressive

text: episode

text: In

text: those

text: with

text: less

text: severe

text: symptoms

text: of

text: prolonged

text: duration

text: the

text: condition

text: cyclothymic

text: disorder

text: may

text: be

text: diagnosed

text: If

text: due

text: to

text: drugs

text: or

text: medical

text: problems

text: it

text: is

text: classified

text: separately

text: Other

text: conditions

text: that

text: may

text: present

text: in

text: similar

text: manner

text: include

text: attention

text: deficit

text: hyperactivity

text: disorder

text: personality

text: disorders

text: schizophrenia

text: and

text: substance

text: use

text: disorder

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: number

text: of

text: medical

text: conditions

text: Medical

text: testing

text: is

text: not

text: required

text: for

text: diagnosis

text: though

text: blood

text: tests

text: or

text: medical

text: imaging

text: can

text: be

text: done

text: to

text: rule

text: out

text: other

text: problems

text: Treatment

text: commonly

text: includes

text: psychotherapy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: medications

text: such

text: as

text: mood

text: stabilizers

text: and

text: antipsychotics

text: Examples

text: of

text: mood

text: stabilizers

text: that

text: are

text: commonly

text: used

text: include

text: lithium

text: and

text: various

text: anticonvulsants

text: Treatment

text: in

text: hospital

text: without

text: the

text: individual

text: 's

text: consent

text: may

text: be

text: required

text: if

text: person

text: is

text: at

text: risk

text: to

text: themselves

text: or

text: others

text: but

text: refuses

text: treatment

text: Severe

text: behavioral

text: problems

text: may

text: be

text: managed

text: with

text: short

text: term

text: antipsychotics

text: or

text: benzodiazepines

text: In

text: periods

text: of

text: mania

text: it

text: is

text: recommended

text: that

text: antidepressants

text: be

text: stopped

text: If

text: antidepressants

text: are

text: used

text: for

text: periods

text: of

text: depression

text: they

text: should

text: be

text: used

text: with

text: mood

text: stabilizer

text: Electroconvulsive

text: therapy

text: ECT

text: may

text: be

text: helpful

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: do

text: not

text: respond

text: to

text: other

text: treatments

text: If

text: treatments

text: are

text: stopped

text: it

text: is

text: recommended

text: that

text: this

text: be

text: done

text: slowly

text: Many

text: individuals

text: have

text: financial

text: social

text: or

text: work

text: related

text: problems

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: illness

text: These

text: difficulties

text: occur

text: quarter

text: to

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: on

text: average

text: The

text: risk

text: of

text: death

text: from

text: natural

text: causes

text: such

text: as

text: heart

text: disease

text: is

text: twice

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: population

text: This

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: poor

text: lifestyle

text: choices

text: and

text: the

text: side

text: effects

text: from

text: medications

text: About

text: percent

text: of

text: people

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: are

text: estimated

text: to

text: have

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: their

text: life

text: Lower

text: rates

text: of

text: around

text: percent

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: other

text: countries

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: age

text: at

text: which

text: symptoms

text: begin

text: is

text: Rates

text: appear

text: to

text: be

text: similar

text: in

text: females

text: and

text: males

text: The

text: economic

text: costs

text: of

text: the

text: disorder

text: has

text: been

text: estimated

text: at

text: billion

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: large

text: proportion

text: of

text: this

text: was

text: related

text: to

text: higher

text: number

text: of

text: missed

text: work

text: days

text: estimated

text: at

text: per

text: year

text: People

text: with

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: often

text: face

text: problems

text: with

text: social

text: stigma

text: , officially , abbreviated as , and used as a verb as , were suicide attacks by military aviators from the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, designed to destroy warships more effectively than was possible with conventional attacks. During World War II, about 3,860 "kamikaze" pilots died, and about 19% of "kamikaze" attacks managed to hit a ship.

text: officially

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: and

text: used

text: as

text: verb

text: as

text: were

text: suicide

text: attacks

text: by

text: military

text: aviators

text: from

text: the

text: Empire

text: of

text: Japan

text: against

text: Allied

text: naval

text: vessels

text: in

text: the

text: closing

text: stages

text: of

text: the

text: Pacific

text: campaign

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: designed

text: to

text: destroy

text: warships

text: more

text: effectively

text: than

text: was

text: possible

text: with

text: conventional

text: attacks

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: about

text: kamikaze

text: pilots

text: died

text: and

text: about

text: of

text: kamikaze

text: attacks

text: managed

text: to

text: hit

text: ship

text: Hanging is the suspension of a person by a noose or ligature around the neck. The "Oxford English Dictionary" states that hanging in this sense is "specifically to put to death by suspension by the neck", though it formerly also referred to crucifixion and death by impalement in which the body would remain "hanging". Hanging has been a common method of capital punishment since medieval times, and is the official execution method in numerous countries and regions. The first account of execution by hanging was in Homer's "Odyssey". In this specialised meaning of the common word "hang", the past and past participle is "hanged" instead of "hung".

text: Hanging

text: is

text: the

text: suspension

text: of

text: person

text: by

text: noose

text: or

text: ligature

text: around

text: the

text: neck

text: The

text: Oxford

text: English

text: Dictionary

text: states

text: that

text: hanging

text: in

text: this

text: sense

text: is

text: specifically

text: to

text: put

text: to

text: death

text: by

text: suspension

text: by

text: the

text: neck

text: though

text: it

text: formerly

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: crucifixion

text: and

text: death

text: by

text: impalement

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: body

text: would

text: remain

text: hanging

text: Hanging

text: has

text: been

text: common

text: method

text: of

text: capital

text: punishment

text: since

text: medieval

text: times

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: execution

text: method

text: in

text: numerous

text: countries

text: and

text: regions

text: The

text: first

text: account

text: of

text: execution

text: by

text: hanging

text: was

text: in

text: Homer

text: 's

text: Odyssey

text: In

text: this

text: specialised

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: common

text: word

text: hang

text: the

text: past

text: and

text: past

text: participle

text: is

text: hanged

text: instead

text: of

text: hung

text: In religion and ethics, inviolability or sanctity of life is a principle of implied protection regarding aspects of sentient life which are said to be holy, sacred, or otherwise of such value that they are not to be violated. This applies to both animals and humans because they are holy and worthy of life.

text: In

text: religion

text: and

text: ethics

text: inviolability

text: or

text: sanctity

text: of

text: life

text: is

text: principle

text: of

text: implied

text: protection

text: regarding

text: aspects

text: of

text: sentient

text: life

text: which

text: are

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: holy

text: sacred

text: or

text: otherwise

text: of

text: such

text: value

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: violated

text: This

text: applies

text: to

text: both

text: animals

text: and

text: humans

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: holy

text: and

text: worthy

text: of

text: life

text: Criminal justice is the system of practices and institutions of governments directed at upholding social control, deterring and mitigating crime, or sanctioning those who violate laws with criminal penalties and rehabilitation efforts. Those accused of crime have some protections against abuse of investigatory and prosecution powers.

text: Criminal

text: justice

text: is

text: the

text: system

text: of

text: practices

text: and

text: institutions

text: of

text: governments

text: directed

text: at

text: upholding

text: social

text: control

text: deterring

text: and

text: mitigating

text: crime

text: or

text: sanctioning

text: those

text: who

text: violate

text: laws

text: with

text: criminal

text: penalties

text: and

text: rehabilitation

text: efforts

text: Those

text: accused

text: of

text: crime

text: have

text: some

text: protections

text: against

text: abuse

text: of

text: investigatory

text: and

text: prosecution

text: powers

text:
Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Risk factors include mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, alcoholism, or substance misuse. Others are impulsive acts due to stress such as from financial difficulties, troubles with relationships, or from bullying. Those who have previously attempted suicide are at higher risk for future attempts. Suicide prevention efforts include limiting access to method of suicide, such as firearms and poisons, treating mental disorders and substance misuse, proper media reporting of suicide, and improving economic conditions. Although crisis hotlines are common, there is little evidence for their effectiveness.
The most commonly used method of suicide varies between countries, and is partly related to the availability of effective means. Common methods include hanging, pesticide poisoning, and firearms. Suicide resulted in 842,000 deaths globally in 2013 (up from 712,000 deaths in 1990). This makes it the 10th leading cause of death worldwide.
Approximately 0.5% to 1.4% of people die by suicide, about 12 per 100,000 persons per year. Three quarters of suicides globally occur in the developing world. Rates of completed suicides are generally higher in men than in women, ranging from 1.5 times as much in the developing world to 3.5 times in the developed world. Suicide is generally most common among those over the age of 70; however, in certain countries those aged between 15 and 30 are at highest risk. There are an estimated 10 to 20 million non-fatal attempted suicides every year. Non-fatal suicide attempts may lead to injury and long-term disabilities. In the Western world, attempts are more common in young people and females.
Views on suicide have been influenced by broad existential themes such as religion, honor, and the meaning of life. The Abrahamic religions traditionally consider suicide an offense towards God due to the belief in the sanctity of life. During the samurai era in Japan, a form of suicide known as seppuku was respected as a means of making up for failure or as a form of protest. Sati, a practice outlawed by the British Raj, expected the Indian widow to kill herself on her husband's funeral fire, either willingly or under pressure from the family and society. Suicide and attempted suicide, while previously illegal, are no longer in most Western countries. It remains a criminal offense in many countries. In the 20th and 21st centuries, suicide has been used on rare occasions as a form of protest, and kamikaze and suicide bombings have been used as a military or terrorist tactic. The word is from the Latin "suicidium", which means "the killing of oneself".
Definitions.
Suicide, also known as completed suicide, is the "act of taking one's own life". Attempted suicide or non-fatal suicidal behavior is self-injury with the desire to end one's life that does not result in death. Assisted suicide is when one individual helps another bring about their own death indirectly via providing either advice or the means to the end. This is in contrast to euthanasia, where another person takes a more active role in bringing about a person's death. Suicidal ideation is thoughts of ending one's life but not taking any active efforts to do so.

text: Suicide

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: intentionally

text: causing

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: death

text: Risk

text: factors

text: include

text: mental

text: disorders

text: such

text: as

text: depression

text: bipolar

text: disorder

text: schizophrenia

text: personality

text: disorders

text: alcoholism

text: or

text: substance

text: misuse

text: Others

text: are

text: impulsive

text: acts

text: due

text: to

text: stress

text: such

text: as

text: from

text: financial

text: difficulties

text: troubles

text: with

text: relationships

text: or

text: from

text: bullying

text: Those

text: who

text: have

text: previously

text: attempted

text: suicide

text: are

text: at

text: higher

text: risk

text: for

text: future

text: attempts

text: Suicide

text: prevention

text: efforts

text: include

text: limiting

text: access

text: to

text: method

text: of

text: suicide

text: such

text: as

text: firearms

text: and

text: poisons

text: treating

text: mental

text: disorders

text: and

text: substance

text: misuse

text: proper

text: media

text: reporting

text: of

text: suicide

text: and

text: improving

text: economic

text: conditions

text: Although

text: crisis

text: hotlines

text: are

text: common

text: there

text: is

text: little

text: evidence

text: for

text: their

text: effectiveness

text: The

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: method

text: of

text: suicide

text: varies

text: between

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: partly

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: availability

text: of

text: effective

text: means

text: Common

text: methods

text: include

text: hanging

text: pesticide

text: poisoning

text: and

text: firearms

text: Suicide

text: resulted

text: in

text: deaths

text: globally

text: in

text: up

text: from

text: deaths

text: in

text: This

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: leading

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: worldwide

text: Approximately

text: to

text: of

text: people

text: die

text: by

text: suicide

text: about

text: per

text: persons

text: per

text: year

text: Three

text: quarters

text: of

text: suicides

text: globally

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: Rates

text: of

text: completed

text: suicides

text: are

text: generally

text: higher

text: in

text: men

text: than

text: in

text: women

text: ranging

text: from

text: times

text: as

text: much

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: to

text: times

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: Suicide

text: is

text: generally

text: most

text: common

text: among

text: those

text: over

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: however

text: in

text: certain

text: countries

text: those

text: aged

text: between

text: and

text: are

text: at

text: highest

text: risk

text: There

text: are

text: an

text: estimated

text: to

text: million

text: non

text: fatal

text: attempted

text: suicides

text: every

text: year

text: Non

text: fatal

text: suicide

text: attempts

text: may

text: lead

text: to

text: injury

text: and

text: long

text: term

text: disabilities

text: In

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: attempts

text: are

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: young

text: people

text: and

text: females

text: Views

text: on

text: suicide

text: have

text: been

text: influenced

text: by

text: broad

text: existential

text: themes

text: such

text: as

text: religion

text: honor

text: and

text: the

text: meaning

text: of

text: life

text: The

text: Abrahamic

text: religions

text: traditionally

text: consider

text: suicide

text: an

text: offense

text: towards

text: God

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: belief

text: in

text: the

text: sanctity

text: of

text: life

text: During

text: the

text: samurai

text: era

text: in

text: Japan

text: form

text: of

text: suicide

text: known

text: as

text: seppuku

text: was

text: respected

text: as

text: means

text: of

text: making

text: up

text: for

text: failure

text: or

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: protest

text: Sati

text: practice

text: outlawed

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Raj

text: expected

text: the

text: Indian

text: widow

text: to

text: kill

text: herself

text: on

text: her

text: husband

text: 's

text: funeral

text: fire

text: either

text: willingly

text: or

text: under

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: family

text: and

text: society

text: Suicide

text: and

text: attempted

text: suicide

text: while

text: previously

text: illegal

text: are

text: no

text: longer

text: in

text: most

text: Western

text: countries

text: It

text: remains

text: criminal

text: offense

text: in

text: many

text: countries

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: suicide

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: on

text: rare

text: occasions

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: protest

text: and

text: kamikaze

text: and

text: suicide

text: bombings

text: have

text: been

text: used

text: as

text: military

text: or

text: terrorist

text: tactic

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: suicidium

text: which

text: means

text: the

text: killing

text: of

text: oneself

text: Definitions

text: Suicide

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: completed

text: suicide

text: is

text: the

text: act

text: of

text: taking

text: one

text: 's

text: own

text: life

text: Attempted

text: suicide

text: or

text: non

text: fatal

text: suicidal

text: behavior

text: is

text: self

text: injury

text: with

text: the

text: desire

text: to

text: end

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: result

text: in

text: death

text: Assisted

text: suicide

text: is

text: when

text: one

text: individual

text: helps

text: another

text: bring

text: about

text: their

text: own

text: death

text: indirectly

text: via

text: providing

text: either

text: advice

text: or

text: the

text: means

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: This

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: euthanasia

text: where

text: another

text: person

text: takes

text: more

text: active

text: role

text: in

text: bringing

text: about

text: person

text: 's

text: death

text: Suicidal

text: ideation

text: is

text: thoughts

text: of

text: ending

text: one

text: 's

text: life

text: but

text: not

text: taking

text: any

text: active

text: efforts

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: A correctional facility, detention center, gaol (Australia, New Zealand, Republic of Ireland, UK), jail (US, Canada), penitentiary, prison, or remand centre is a facility in which inmates are forcibly confined and denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state as a form of punishment after being convicted of crimes. Prisons are most commonly used within a criminal justice system: people charged with crimes may be imprisoned until they are brought to trial; those pleading or being found guilty of crimes at trial may be sentenced to a specified period of imprisonment. Besides their use for punishing civil crimes, jails and prisons are frequently used by authoritarian regimes.

text: correctional

text: facility

text: detention

text: center

text: gaol

text: Australia

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: UK

text: jail

text: US

text: Canada

text: penitentiary

text: prison

text: or

text: remand

text: centre

text: is

text: facility

text: in

text: which

text: inmates

text: are

text: forcibly

text: confined

text: and

text: denied

text: variety

text: of

text: freedoms

text: under

text: the

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: punishment

text: after

text: being

text: convicted

text: of

text: crimes

text: Prisons

text: are

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text: within

text: criminal

text: justice

text: system

text: people

text: charged

text: with

text: crimes

text: may

text: be

text: imprisoned

text: until

text: they

text: are

text: brought

text: to

text: trial

text: those

text: pleading

text: or

text: being

text: found

text: guilty

text: of

text: crimes

text: at

text: trial

text: may

text: be

text: sentenced

text: to

text: specified

text: period

text: of

text: imprisonment

text: Besides

text: their

text: use

text: for

text: punishing

text: civil

text: crimes

text: jails

text: and

text: prisons

text: are

text: frequently

text: used

text: by

text: authoritarian

text: regimes

text: SiN is a first-person shooter video game developed by Ritual Entertainment and published by Activision in late 1998. The game was later released over Steam platform on April 5, 2006, either as a standalone product, or bundled together with its sequel, "SiN Episodes". It was also released, along with its expansion pack "" on GOG.com on January 30, 2014, DRM-free and fixed for modern hardware. It based on a modified version of the id Tech 2 engine.

text: SiN

text: is

text: first

text: person

text: shooter

text: video

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: Ritual

text: Entertainment

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Activision

text: in

text: late

text: The

text: game

text: was

text: later

text: released

text: over

text: Steam

text: platform

text: on

text: April

text: either

text: as

text: standalone

text: product

text: or

text: bundled

text: together

text: with

text: its

text: sequel

text: SiN

text: Episodes

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: released

text: along

text: with

text: its

text: expansion

text: pack

text: on

text: GOG.com

text: on

text: January

text: DRM

text: free

text: and

text: fixed

text: for

text: modern

text: hardware

text: It

text: based

text: on

text: modified

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: Tech

text: engine

text: In common speech, consent occurs when one person voluntarily agrees to the proposal or desires of another. The concept of consent has been operationalized in several major contexts, including in law, medicine and sexual relationships. Types of consent include implied consent, expressed consent, informed consent and unanimous consent. Consent as understood in legal contexts may differ from the everyday meaning. For example, a person under the legal age of sexual consent may willingly engage in a sexual act, but that consent is not valid in a legal context.

text: In

text: common

text: speech

text: consent

text: occurs

text: when

text: one

text: person

text: voluntarily

text: agrees

text: to

text: the

text: proposal

text: or

text: desires

text: of

text: another

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: consent

text: has

text: been

text: operationalized

text: in

text: several

text: major

text: contexts

text: including

text: in

text: law

text: medicine

text: and

text: sexual

text: relationships

text: Types

text: of

text: consent

text: include

text: implied

text: consent

text: expressed

text: consent

text: informed

text: consent

text: and

text: unanimous

text: consent

text: Consent

text: as

text: understood

text: in

text: legal

text: contexts

text: may

text: differ

text: from

text: the

text: everyday

text: meaning

text: For

text: example

text: person

text: under

text: the

text: legal

text: age

text: of

text: sexual

text: consent

text: may

text: willingly

text: engage

text: in

text: sexual

text: act

text: but

text: that

text: consent

text: is

text: not

text: valid

text: in

text: legal

text: context

question: occupation silvo plut

answer: criminal

text: criminal

text: criminal

text: criminal

text: criminal

text: criminal

text: criminal

text: criminal

text: criminal

text: criminal

text: criminal

text: criminal