text: The Official Charts Company (previously known as the Chart Information Network (CIN) The Official UK Charts Company and also referred to Official Charts) is a British inter-professional organisation that compiles various "official" record charts in the United Kingdom, including the UK Singles Chart, the UK Albums Chart, the UK Singles Downloads Chart and the UK Album Downloads Chart, as well as genre-specific and music video charts. The OCC produces its charts by gathering and combining sales data from retailers through market researchers Millward Brown, and claims to cover 99% of the singles market and 95% of the album market, and aims to collect data from any retailer who sells more than 100 chart items per week.

text: The

text: Official

text: Charts

text: Company

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Chart

text: Information

text: Network

text: CIN

text: The

text: Official

text: UK

text: Charts

text: Company

text: and

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: Official

text: Charts

text: is

text: British

text: inter

text: professional

text: organisation

text: that

text: compiles

text: various

text: official

text: record

text: charts

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: including

text: the

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: the

text: UK

text: Albums

text: Chart

text: the

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Downloads

text: Chart

text: and

text: the

text: UK

text: Album

text: Downloads

text: Chart

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: genre

text: specific

text: and

text: music

text: video

text: charts

text: The

text: OCC

text: produces

text: its

text: charts

text: by

text: gathering

text: and

text: combining

text: sales

text: data

text: from

text: retailers

text: through

text: market

text: researchers

text: Millward

text: Brown

text: and

text: claims

text: to

text: cover

text: of

text: the

text: singles

text: market

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: market

text: and

text: aims

text: to

text: collect

text: data

text: from

text: any

text: retailer

text: who

text: sells

text: more

text: than

text: chart

text: items

text: per

text: week

text: Jared Lawrence Hess (born July 18, 1979) and Jerusha Elizabeth Hess (née Demke; born May 12, 1980) are husband-and-wife American filmmakers known for their work on "Napoleon Dynamite" (2004), "Nacho Libre" (2006) and "Gentlemen Broncos" (2009), all of which they co-wrote and directed ("Nacho Libre" was co-written with Mike White). They also produced music videos for The Postal Service's third single, "We Will Become Silhouettes" and The Killers' 5th annual Christmas Charity single "Boots".

text: Jared

text: Lawrence

text: Hess

text: born

text: July

text: and

text: Jerusha

text: Elizabeth

text: Hess

text: née

text: Demke

text: born

text: May

text: are

text: husband

text: and

text: wife

text: American

text: filmmakers

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: work

text: on

text: Napoleon

text: Dynamite

text: Nacho

text: Libre

text: and

text: Gentlemen

text: Broncos

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: they

text: co

text: wrote

text: and

text: directed

text: Nacho

text: Libre

text: was

text: co

text: written

text: with

text: Mike

text: White

text: They

text: also

text: produced

text: music

text: videos

text: for

text: The

text: Postal

text: Service

text: 's

text: third

text: single

text: We

text: Will

text: Become

text: Silhouettes

text: and

text: The

text: Killers

text: annual

text: Christmas

text: Charity

text: single

text: Boots

text: Acid jazz, also known as club jazz, is a musical genre that combines elements of jazz, soul, funk and disco. Acid jazz originated in the London club scene of the mid-1980s in the rare groove movement and spread to the US, Japan, Eastern Europe and Brazil. Major acts included Brand New Heavies, Incognito, Us3 and Jamiroquai from the UK and Buckshot LeFonque and Digable Planets from the US. The rise of electronic club music in the mid to late 1990s led to a decline in interest, and in the twenty-first century, the movement became indistinct as a genre. Many acts that might have been defined as acid jazz are now seen as jazz-funk, neo soul or jazz rap.

text: Acid

text: jazz

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: club

text: jazz

text: is

text: musical

text: genre

text: that

text: combines

text: elements

text: of

text: jazz

text: soul

text: funk

text: and

text: disco

text: Acid

text: jazz

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: London

text: club

text: scene

text: of

text: the

text: in

text: the

text: rare

text: groove

text: movement

text: and

text: spread

text: to

text: the

text: US

text: Japan

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Brazil

text: Major

text: acts

text: included

text: Brand

text: New

text: Heavies

text: Incognito

text: and

text: Jamiroquai

text: from

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: Buckshot

text: LeFonque

text: and

text: Digable

text: Planets

text: from

text: the

text: US

text: The

text: rise

text: of

text: electronic

text: club

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: led

text: to

text: decline

text: in

text: interest

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: twenty

text: first

text: century

text: the

text: movement

text: became

text: indistinct

text: as

text: genre

text: Many

text: acts

text: that

text: might

text: have

text: been

text: defined

text: as

text: acid

text: jazz

text: are

text: now

text: seen

text: as

text: jazz

text: funk

text: neo

text: soul

text: or

text: jazz

text: rap

text: The UK Singles Chart (currently entitled Official Singles Chart) is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC), on behalf of the British record industry, listing the top-selling singles in the United Kingdom, based upon physical sales, paid-for downloads and streaming. To be eligible for the chart, a single is currently defined by the Official Charts Company (OCC) as either a 'single bundle' having no more than four tracks and not lasting longer than 25 minutes or one digital audio track not longer than 15 minutes with a minimum sale price of 40 pence. The rules have changed many times as technology has developed, the most notable being the inclusion of digital downloads in 2005 and streaming in 2014.

text: The

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: currently

text: entitled

text: Official

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: is

text: compiled

text: by

text: the

text: Official

text: Charts

text: Company

text: OCC

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: record

text: industry

text: listing

text: the

text: top

text: selling

text: singles

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: based

text: upon

text: physical

text: sales

text: paid

text: for

text: downloads

text: and

text: streaming

text: To

text: be

text: eligible

text: for

text: the

text: chart

text: single

text: is

text: currently

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Official

text: Charts

text: Company

text: OCC

text: as

text: either

text: single

text: bundle

text: having

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: four

text: tracks

text: and

text: not

text: lasting

text: longer

text: than

text: minutes

text: or

text: one

text: digital

text: audio

text: track

text: not

text: longer

text: than

text: minutes

text: with

text: minimum

text: sale

text: price

text: of

text: pence

text: The

text: rules

text: have

text: changed

text: many

text: times

text: as

text: technology

text: has

text: developed

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: being

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: digital

text: downloads

text: in

text: and

text: streaming

text: in

text: Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid- 1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions used in other related genres and brings a strong rhythmic groove of a bass line played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer to the foreground. Funk songs are often based on an extended vamp on a single chord, distinguishing them from R&B and soul songs, which are built on complex chord progressions. Funk uses the same richly-colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths.

text: Funk

text: is

text: music

text: genre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: mid-

text: when

text: African

text: American

text: musicians

text: created

text: rhythmic

text: danceable

text: new

text: form

text: of

text: music

text: through

text: mixture

text: of

text: soul

text: music

text: jazz

text: and

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: R&B

text: Funk

text: de

text: emphasizes

text: melody

text: and

text: chord

text: progressions

text: used

text: in

text: other

text: related

text: genres

text: and

text: brings

text: strong

text: rhythmic

text: groove

text: of

text: bass

text: line

text: played

text: by

text: an

text: electric

text: bassist

text: and

text: drum

text: part

text: played

text: by

text: drummer

text: to

text: the

text: foreground

text: Funk

text: songs

text: are

text: often

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: extended

text: vamp

text: on

text: single

text: chord

text: distinguishing

text: them

text: from

text: R&B

text: and

text: soul

text: songs

text: which

text: are

text: built

text: on

text: complex

text: chord

text: progressions

text: Funk

text: uses

text: the

text: same

text: richly

text: colored

text: extended

text: chords

text: found

text: in

text: bebop

text: jazz

text: such

text: as

text: minor

text: chords

text: with

text: added

text: sevenths

text: and

text: elevenths

text: or

text: dominant

text: seventh

text: chords

text: with

text: altered

text: ninths

text: Jamiroquai are a British funk and acid jazz band formed in 1992. Fronted by lead singer Jay Kay, Jamiroquai were initially the most prominent component in the London-based funk/acid jazz movement, alongside groups such as Incognito, the James Taylor Quartet, and the Brand New Heavies. Subsequent albums have explored other musical directions such as pop, rock, and electronica.

text: Jamiroquai

text: are

text: British

text: funk

text: and

text: acid

text: jazz

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: Fronted

text: by

text: lead

text: singer

text: Jay

text: Kay

text: Jamiroquai

text: were

text: initially

text: the

text: most

text: prominent

text: component

text: in

text: the

text: London

text: based

text: funk

text: acid

text: jazz

text: movement

text: alongside

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: Incognito

text: the

text: James

text: Taylor

text: Quartet

text: and

text: the

text: Brand

text: New

text: Heavies

text: Subsequent

text: albums

text: have

text: explored

text: other

text: musical

text: directions

text: such

text: as

text: pop

text: rock

text: and

text: electronica

text: Peluca is a short film by director Jared Hess, produced for an assignment while attending Brigham Young University in 2002. It was shown at the 2003 Slamdance Film Festival.

text: Peluca

text: is

text: short

text: film

text: by

text: director

text: Jared

text: Hess

text: produced

text: for

text: an

text: assignment

text: while

text: attending

text: Brigham

text: Young

text: University

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: shown

text: at

text: the

text: Slamdance

text: Film

text: Festival

text: Paramount Pictures Corporation (known professionally as Paramount Pictures and often referred to simply as Paramount) is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving film studio in the world, the second oldest in the United States, and the sole member of the "Big Six" film studios still located in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood. In 1916 Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and honored each with a star on the logo. These fortunate few would become the first "movie stars." Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA).

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: Corporation

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: and

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: simply

text: as

text: Paramount

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: studio

text: based

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: California

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: media

text: conglomerate

text: Viacom

text: since

text: Paramount

text: is

text: the

text: fifth

text: oldest

text: surviving

text: film

text: studio

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: second

text: oldest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: sole

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Six

text: film

text: studios

text: still

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: Hollywood

text: In

text: Zukor

text: contracted

text: actors

text: and

text: actresses

text: and

text: honored

text: each

text: with

text: star

text: on

text: the

text: logo

text: These

text: fortunate

text: few

text: would

text: become

text: the

text: first

text: movie

text: stars

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: MPAA

text: The Brand New Heavies are an acid jazz and funk group formed in 1985 in Ealing in west London.

text: The

text: Brand

text: New

text: Heavies

text: are

text: an

text: acid

text: jazz

text: and

text: funk

text: group

text: formed

text: in

text: in

text: Ealing

text: in

text: west

text: London

text: Napoleon Dynamite is a 2004 American comedy film produced by Jeremy Coon, Chris Wyatt, Sean C. Covel and Jory Weitz, written by Jared and Jerusha Hess and directed by Jared Hess. The film stars Jon Heder in the role of the title character, for which he was paid $1,000. After the film's runaway success, Heder re-negotiated his compensation and received a cut of the profits. The film was Jared Hess' first full-length feature and is partially adapted from his earlier short film, "Peluca". "Napoleon Dynamite" was acquired at the Sundance Film Festival by Fox Searchlight Pictures and Paramount Pictures, in association with MTV Films. It was filmed in and near Franklin County, Idaho in the summer of 2003. It debuted at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2004. The film's total worldwide gross revenue was $46,118,097. The film has since developed a cult following.

text: Napoleon

text: Dynamite

text: is

text: American

text: comedy

text: film

text: produced

text: by

text: Jeremy

text: Coon

text: Chris

text: Wyatt

text: Sean

text: Covel

text: and

text: Jory

text: Weitz

text: written

text: by

text: Jared

text: and

text: Jerusha

text: Hess

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Jared

text: Hess

text: The

text: film

text: stars

text: Jon

text: Heder

text: in

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: for

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: paid

text: After

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: runaway

text: success

text: Heder

text: re

text: negotiated

text: his

text: compensation

text: and

text: received

text: cut

text: of

text: the

text: profits

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: Jared

text: Hess

text: first

text: full

text: length

text: feature

text: and

text: is

text: partially

text: adapted

text: from

text: his

text: earlier

text: short

text: film

text: Peluca

text: Napoleon

text: Dynamite

text: was

text: acquired

text: at

text: the

text: Sundance

text: Film

text: Festival

text: by

text: Fox

text: Searchlight

text: Pictures

text: and

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: MTV

text: Films

text: It

text: was

text: filmed

text: in

text: and

text: near

text: Franklin

text: County

text: Idaho

text: in

text: the

text: summer

text: of

text: It

text: debuted

text: at

text: the

text: Sundance

text: Film

text: Festival

text: in

text: January

text: The

text: film

text: 's

text: total

text: worldwide

text: gross

text: revenue

text: was

text: The

text: film

text: has

text: since

text: developed

text: cult

text: following

text: S2 Records, formerly named Sony Soho after its location at London's Soho Square, is a record label subsidiary of Sony Music.

text: Records

text: formerly

text: named

text: Sony

text: Soho

text: after

text: its

text: location

text: at

text: London

text: 's

text: Soho

text: Square

text: is

text: record

text: label

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Sony

text: Music

text: Disco is a genre of dance music containing elements of funk, soul, pop, and salsa. It achieved popularity during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers from the gay, African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Disco can be seen as a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period. It was popular with both men and women, from many different backgrounds.

text: Disco

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: dance

text: music

text: containing

text: elements

text: of

text: funk

text: soul

text: pop

text: and

text: salsa

text: It

text: achieved

text: popularity

text: during

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: Its

text: initial

text: audiences

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: were

text: club

text: goers

text: from

text: the

text: gay

text: African

text: American

text: Italian

text: American

text: Latino

text: and

text: psychedelic

text: communities

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: and

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: and

text: early

text: Disco

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: reaction

text: against

text: both

text: the

text: domination

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: and

text: the

text: stigmatization

text: of

text: dance

text: music

text: by

text: the

text: counterculture

text: during

text: this

text: period

text: It

text: was

text: popular

text: with

text: both

text: men

text: and

text: women

text: from

text: many

text: different

text: backgrounds

text: Ray of Light is the seventh studio album by American singer Madonna. It was released on February 22, 1998 by Maverick and Warner Bros. Records. After giving birth to her first child, Madonna started working on the album with producers Babyface and Patrick Leonard. Following failed sessions with them, Madonna pursued a new musical direction with English producer William Orbit. The recording took place over four months and experienced problems with Orbit's hardware arrangement, which would break down, and recording would have to be delayed until they could be repaired.

text: Ray

text: of

text: Light

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: American

text: singer

text: Madonna

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: February

text: by

text: Maverick

text: and

text: Warner

text: Bros.

text: Records

text: After

text: giving

text: birth

text: to

text: her

text: first

text: child

text: Madonna

text: started

text: working

text: on

text: the

text: album

text: with

text: producers

text: Babyface

text: and

text: Patrick

text: Leonard

text: Following

text: failed

text: sessions

text: with

text: them

text: Madonna

text: pursued

text: new

text: musical

text: direction

text: with

text: English

text: producer

text: William

text: Orbit

text: The

text: recording

text: took

text: place

text: over

text: four

text: months

text: and

text: experienced

text: problems

text: with

text: Orbit

text: 's

text: hardware

text: arrangement

text: which

text: would

text: break

text: down

text: and

text: recording

text: would

text: have

text: to

text: be

text: delayed

text: until

text: they

text: could

text: be

text: repaired

text: The Sundance Film Festival, a program of the Sundance Institute, is an American film festival that takes place annually in Park City, Utah. With 46,660 attendees in 2016, it is the largest independent film festival in the United States. Held in January in Park City, Salt Lake City, and Ogden, as well as at the Sundance Resort, the festival is a showcase for new work from American and international independent filmmakers. The festival comprises competitive sections for American and international dramatic and documentary films, both feature films and short films, and a group of out-of-competition sections, including NEXT, New Frontier, Spotlight, Midnight, Premieres and Documentary Premieres. The 2017 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 19 to January 29, 2017.

text: The

text: Sundance

text: Film

text: Festival

text: program

text: of

text: the

text: Sundance

text: Institute

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: festival

text: that

text: takes

text: place

text: annually

text: in

text: Park

text: City

text: Utah

text: With

text: attendees

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: independent

text: film

text: festival

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Held

text: in

text: January

text: in

text: Park

text: City

text: Salt

text: Lake

text: City

text: and

text: Ogden

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: at

text: the

text: Sundance

text: Resort

text: the

text: festival

text: is

text: showcase

text: for

text: new

text: work

text: from

text: American

text: and

text: international

text: independent

text: filmmakers

text: The

text: festival

text: comprises

text: competitive

text: sections

text: for

text: American

text: and

text: international

text: dramatic

text: and

text: documentary

text: films

text: both

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: short

text: films

text: and

text: group

text: of

text: out

text: of

text: competition

text: sections

text: including

text: NEXT

text: New

text: Frontier

text: Spotlight

text: Midnight

text: Premieres

text: and

text: Documentary

text: Premieres

text: The

text: Sundance

text: Film

text: Festival

text: took

text: place

text: from

text: January

text: to

text: January

text: Synkronized is the fourth studio album released by funk/acid jazz band Jamiroquai. It was released on 8 June 1999 on Work Group in the United States and on 14 June 1999 in the United Kingdom under S2 Records. The album contains funk rock, acid jazz and disco elements. It is also known for being the last Jamiroquai album featuring the band's more traditional line-up and sound.

text: Synkronized

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: studio

text: album

text: released

text: by

text: funk

text: acid

text: jazz

text: band

text: Jamiroquai

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: June

text: on

text: Work

text: Group

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: under

text: Records

text: The

text: album

text: contains

text: funk

text: rock

text: acid

text: jazz

text: and

text: disco

text: elements

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: last

text: Jamiroquai

text: album

text: featuring

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: more

text: traditional

text: line

text: up

text: and

text: sound

text: YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employeesChad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karimin February 2005. In November 2006, it was bought by Google for US$1.65 billion. YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries. The site allows users to upload, view, rate, share, add to favorites, report and comment on videos, and it makes use of WebM, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, and Adobe Flash Video technology to display a wide variety of user-generated and corporate media videos. Available content includes video clips, TV show clips, music videos, short and documentary films, audio recordings, movie trailers and other content such as video blogging, short original videos, and educational videos.

text: YouTube

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: video

text: sharing

text: website

text: headquartered

text: in

text: San

text: Bruno

text: California

text: The

text: service

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: three

text: former

text: PayPal

text: employeesChad

text: Hurley

text: Steve

text: Chen

text: and

text: Jawed

text: Karimin

text: February

text: In

text: November

text: it

text: was

text: bought

text: by

text: Google

text: for

text: US$

text: billion

text: YouTube

text: now

text: operates

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: Google

text: 's

text: subsidiaries

text: The

text: site

text: allows

text: users

text: to

text: upload

text: view

text: rate

text: share

text: add

text: to

text: favorites

text: report

text: and

text: comment

text: on

text: videos

text: and

text: it

text: makes

text: use

text: of

text: WebM

text: AVC

text: and

text: Adobe

text: Flash

text: Video

text: technology

text: to

text: display

text: wide

text: variety

text: of

text: user

text: generated

text: and

text: corporate

text: media

text: videos

text: Available

text: content

text: includes

text: video

text: clips

text: TV

text: show

text: clips

text: music

text: videos

text: short

text: and

text: documentary

text: films

text: audio

text: recordings

text: movie

text: trailers

text: and

text: other

text: content

text: such

text: as

text: video

text: blogging

text: short

text: original

text: videos

text: and

text: educational

text: videos

text: MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as "video jockeys" (VJs). In its early years, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily towards teenagers, high school students and college students. MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods. It has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTV's influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years.

text: MTV

text: originally

text: an

text: initialism

text: of

text: Music

text: Television

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: cable

text: and

text: satellite

text: television

text: channel

text: owned

text: by

text: Viacom

text: Media

text: Networks

text: division

text: of

text: Viacom

text: and

text: headquartered

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Launched

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: channel

text: originally

text: aired

text: music

text: videos

text: as

text: guided

text: by

text: television

text: personalities

text: known

text: as

text: video

text: jockeys

text: VJs

text: In

text: its

text: early

text: years

text: MTV

text: 's

text: main

text: target

text: demographic

text: was

text: young

text: adults

text: but

text: today

text: it

text: is

text: primarily

text: towards

text: teenagers

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: and

text: college

text: students

text: MTV

text: has

text: toned

text: down

text: its

text: music

text: video

text: programming

text: significantly

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: programming

text: now

text: consists

text: mainly

text: of

text: original

text: reality

text: comedy

text: and

text: drama

text: programming

text: and

text: some

text: off

text: network

text: syndicated

text: programs

text: and

text: films

text: with

text: limited

text: music

text: video

text: programming

text: in

text: off

text: peak

text: time

text: periods

text: It

text: has

text: received

text: criticism

text: towards

text: this

text: change

text: of

text: focus

text: both

text: by

text: certain

text: segments

text: of

text: its

text: audience

text: and

text: musicians

text: MTV

text: 's

text: influence

text: on

text: its

text: audience

text: including

text: issues

text: involving

text: censorship

text: and

text: social

text: activism

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: subject

text: of

text: debate

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: Funk rock is a fusion genre that mixes elements of funk and rock. James Brown and others declared that Little Richard and his mid-1950s road band, The Upsetters, were the first to put the funk in the rock and roll beat, with a biographer stating that their music "spark[ed] the musical transition from fifties rock and roll to sixties funk".

text: Funk

text: rock

text: is

text: fusion

text: genre

text: that

text: mixes

text: elements

text: of

text: funk

text: and

text: rock

text: James

text: Brown

text: and

text: others

text: declared

text: that

text: Little

text: Richard

text: and

text: his

text: road

text: band

text: The

text: Upsetters

text: were

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: put

text: the

text: funk

text: in

text: the

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: beat

text: with

text: biographer

text: stating

text: that

text: their

text: music

text: spark[ed

text: the

text: musical

text: transition

text: from

text: fifties

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: to

text: sixties

text: funk

text:
A cult following is a group of fans who are highly dedicated to a work of culture. A film, book, musical artist, television series or video game, among other things, will be said to have a cult following when it has a small but very passionate fanbase. A common component of cult followings is the emotional attachment the fans have to the object of the cult following, often identifying themselves and other fans as members of a community. Cult followings are also commonly associated with niche markets. Cult media are often associated with underground culture, and are considered too eccentric or subversive to be appreciated by the general public or to be a commercial success.
Many cult fans express a certain irony about their devotion. Sometimes, these cult followings cross the border to camp followings. Fans may become involved in a subculture of fandom, either via conventions, online communities or through activities such as writing series-related fiction, costume creation, replica prop and model building, or creating their own audio or video productions from the formats and characters.

text: cult

text: following

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: fans

text: who

text: are

text: highly

text: dedicated

text: to

text: work

text: of

text: culture

text: film

text: book

text: musical

text: artist

text: television

text: series

text: or

text: video

text: game

text: among

text: other

text: things

text: will

text: be

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: cult

text: following

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: small

text: but

text: very

text: passionate

text: fanbase

text: common

text: component

text: of

text: cult

text: followings

text: is

text: the

text: emotional

text: attachment

text: the

text: fans

text: have

text: to

text: the

text: object

text: of

text: the

text: cult

text: following

text: often

text: identifying

text: themselves

text: and

text: other

text: fans

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: community

text: Cult

text: followings

text: are

text: also

text: commonly

text: associated

text: with

text: niche

text: markets

text: Cult

text: media

text: are

text: often

text: associated

text: with

text: underground

text: culture

text: and

text: are

text: considered

text: too

text: eccentric

text: or

text: subversive

text: to

text: be

text: appreciated

text: by

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: or

text: to

text: be

text: commercial

text: success

text: Many

text: cult

text: fans

text: express

text: certain

text: irony

text: about

text: their

text: devotion

text: Sometimes

text: these

text: cult

text: followings

text: cross

text: the

text: border

text: to

text: camp

text: followings

text: Fans

text: may

text: become

text: involved

text: in

text: subculture

text: of

text: fandom

text: either

text: via

text: conventions

text: online

text: communities

text: or

text: through

text: activities

text: such

text: as

text: writing

text: series

text: related

text: fiction

text: costume

text: creation

text: replica

text: prop

text: and

text: model

text: building

text: or

text: creating

text: their

text: own

text: audio

text: or

text: video

text: productions

text: from

text: the

text: formats

text: and

text: characters

text: A music video is a short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. There are also cases where songs are used in tie in marketing campaigns that allow them to become more than just a song. Tie ins and merchandising could be used in toys or marketing campaigns for food and other products. Although the origins of music videos date back to musical short films that first appeared in the 1920s, they came into prominence in the 1980s when MTV based their format around the medium. Prior to the 1980s, these works were described by various terms including "illustrated song", "filmed insert", "promotional (promo) film", "promotional clip", "promotional video", "song video", "song clip" or "film clip". Since the creation and increased popularity of YouTube, mainstream artists now promote new music videos by releasing trailers of short promos on the site for their upcoming song and music video. Consequentially, YouTube has been converted into a social media platform for celebrities and artists to market themselves to their fans

text: music

text: video

text: is

text: short

text: film

text: integrating

text: song

text: and

text: imagery

text: produced

text: for

text: promotional

text: or

text: artistic

text: purposes

text: Modern

text: music

text: videos

text: are

text: primarily

text: made

text: and

text: used

text: as

text: marketing

text: device

text: intended

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: sale

text: of

text: music

text: recordings

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: cases

text: where

text: songs

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: tie

text: in

text: marketing

text: campaigns

text: that

text: allow

text: them

text: to

text: become

text: more

text: than

text: just

text: song

text: Tie

text: ins

text: and

text: merchandising

text: could

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: toys

text: or

text: marketing

text: campaigns

text: for

text: food

text: and

text: other

text: products

text: Although

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: music

text: videos

text: date

text: back

text: to

text: musical

text: short

text: films

text: that

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: they

text: came

text: into

text: prominence

text: in

text: the

text: when

text: MTV

text: based

text: their

text: format

text: around

text: the

text: medium

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: these

text: works

text: were

text: described

text: by

text: various

text: terms

text: including

text: illustrated

text: song

text: filmed

text: insert

text: promotional

text: promo

text: film

text: promotional

text: clip

text: promotional

text: video

text: song

text: video

text: song

text: clip

text: or

text: film

text: clip

text: Since

text: the

text: creation

text: and

text: increased

text: popularity

text: of

text: YouTube

text: mainstream

text: artists

text: now

text: promote

text: new

text: music

text: videos

text: by

text: releasing

text: trailers

text: of

text: short

text: promos

text: on

text: the

text: site

text: for

text: their

text: upcoming

text: song

text: and

text: music

text: video

text: Consequentially

text: YouTube

text: has

text: been

text: converted

text: into

text: social

text: media

text: platform

text: for

text: celebrities

text: and

text: artists

text: to

text: market

text: themselves

text: to

text: their

text: fans

text: Jay Kay (born Jason Luís Cheetham; 30 December 1969) is an English singer and songwriter, best known as the lead singer of the acid jazz band Jamiroquai.

text: Jay

text: Kay

text: born

text: Jason

text: Luís

text: Cheetham

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: singer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: singer

text: of

text: the

text: acid

text: jazz

text: band

text: Jamiroquai

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: `` Canned Heat '' is the second single from British funk / acid jazz band Jamiroquai 's fourth studio album , Synkronized , released in 1999 . The song was their second # 1 on the U.S. Dance Chart and peaked at # 4 on the UK Singles Chart . The music video was directed by Jonas Åkerlund . The song is used in the film Napoleon Dynamite , as background music during the title character 's famous dance performance before a high school assembly .

text: Canned

text: Heat

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: single

text: from

text: British

text: funk

text: acid

text: jazz

text: band

text: Jamiroquai

text: 's

text: fourth

text: studio

text: album

text: Synkronized

text: released

text: in

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: their

text: second

text: on

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Dance

text: Chart

text: and

text: peaked

text: at

text: on

text: the

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: The

text: music

text: video

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Jonas

text: Åkerlund

text: The

text: song

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: film

text: Napoleon

text: Dynamite

text: as

text: background

text: music

text: during

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: 's

text: famous

text: dance

text: performance

text: before

text: high

text: school

text: assembly

text: Fox Searchlight Pictures, established in 1994, is an American film distribution company within the Fox Entertainment Group, a sister company of the larger Fox studio 20th Century Fox, all owned by Rupert Murdoch's 21st Century Fox. It specializes in North American distribution of independent and British films alongside dramedy and horror films as well as art-house and foreign films and is sometimes also involved in the financing of these films.

text: Fox

text: Searchlight

text: Pictures

text: established

text: in

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: distribution

text: company

text: within

text: the

text: Fox

text: Entertainment

text: Group

text: sister

text: company

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: Fox

text: studio

text: Century

text: Fox

text: all

text: owned

text: by

text: Rupert

text: Murdoch

text: 's

text: Century

text: Fox

text: It

text: specializes

text: in

text: North

text: American

text: distribution

text: of

text: independent

text: and

text: British

text: films

text: alongside

text: dramedy

text: and

text: horror

text: films

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: art

text: house

text: and

text: foreign

text: films

text: and

text: is

text: sometimes

text: also

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: financing

text: of

text: these

text: films

text: The Work Group (stylized as The WORK Group) was an American record label.

text: The

text: Work

text: Group

text: stylized

text: as

text: The

text: WORK

text: Group

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: A Grammy Award (originally called Gramophone Award), or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the music industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards (television), the Tony Awards (stage performance), and the Academy Awards (motion pictures).

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: originally

text: called

text: Gramophone

text: Award

text: or

text: Grammy

text: is

text: an

text: honor

text: awarded

text: by

text: The

text: Recording

text: Academy

text: to

text: recognize

text: outstanding

text: achievement

text: in

text: the

text: mainly

text: English

text: language

text: music

text: industry

text: The

text: annual

text: presentation

text: ceremony

text: features

text: performances

text: by

text: prominent

text: artists

text: and

text: the

text: presentation

text: of

text: those

text: awards

text: that

text: have

text: more

text: popular

text: interest

text: It

text: shares

text: recognition

text: of

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: as

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: other

text: performance

text: awards

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Emmy

text: Awards

text: television

text: the

text: Tony

text: Awards

text: stage

text: performance

text: and

text: the

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: motion

text: pictures

text: The James Taylor Quartet (or JTQ) are a British four-piece jazz funk band, who have become renowned for their live performances. They were formed in 1987 by Hammond organ player James Taylor following the break-up of his former band The Prisoners in the wake of Stiff Records' bankruptcy. The current line-up is James Taylor (Hammond organ), Chris Montague (guitar), Andrew McKinney (bass) and Adam Betts (drums), although recordings and live performances usually feature a horn section comprising John Willmott (tenor sax/flute) and Nick Smart (trumpet), and also vocalist Yvonne Yanney.

text: The

text: James

text: Taylor

text: Quartet

text: or

text: JTQ

text: are

text: British

text: four

text: piece

text: jazz

text: funk

text: band

text: who

text: have

text: become

text: renowned

text: for

text: their

text: live

text: performances

text: They

text: were

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: Hammond

text: organ

text: player

text: James

text: Taylor

text: following

text: the

text: break

text: up

text: of

text: his

text: former

text: band

text: The

text: Prisoners

text: in

text: the

text: wake

text: of

text: Stiff

text: Records

text: bankruptcy

text: The

text: current

text: line

text: up

text: is

text: James

text: Taylor

text: Hammond

text: organ

text: Chris

text: Montague

text: guitar

text: Andrew

text: McKinney

text: bass

text: and

text: Adam

text: Betts

text: drums

text: although

text: recordings

text: and

text: live

text: performances

text: usually

text: feature

text: horn

text: section

text: comprising

text: John

text: Willmott

text: tenor

text: sax

text: flute

text: and

text: Nick

text: Smart

text: trumpet

text: and

text: also

text: vocalist

text: Yvonne

text: Yanney

text: Hans Uno Jonas Åkerlund (born 10 November 1965) is a Swedish director and drummer. He is best known for directing music videos, which are often mock forms of movie trailers and short films. His video for Madonna's song "Ray of Light" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video, Short Form, and a record seven awards at 1998 MTV Video Music Awards, including the Video of the Year.

text: Hans

text: Uno

text: Jonas

text: Åkerlund

text: born

text: November

text: is

text: Swedish

text: director

text: and

text: drummer

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: directing

text: music

text: videos

text: which

text: are

text: often

text: mock

text: forms

text: of

text: movie

text: trailers

text: and

text: short

text: films

text: His

text: video

text: for

text: Madonna

text: 's

text: song

text: Ray

text: of

text: Light

text: won

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Music

text: Video

text: Short

text: Form

text: and

text: record

text: seven

text: awards

text: at

text: MTV

text: Video

text: Music

text: Awards

text: including

text: the

text: Video

text: of

text: the

text: Year

text: MTV Films is the motion picture production arm of the American cable television channel MTV. Founded in 1996, it has produced films based on MTV programs such as "Beavis and Butt-head Do America" and "", as well as other adaptations and original projects. Its films are released by fellow Viacom division Paramount Pictures. On August 21, 2006, Nickelodeon Movies and MTV Films became full labels of the Paramount Motion Pictures Group. It currently has 40 films with four direct-to-video titles.

text: MTV

text: Films

text: is

text: the

text: motion

text: picture

text: production

text: arm

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: cable

text: television

text: channel

text: MTV

text: Founded

text: in

text: it

text: has

text: produced

text: films

text: based

text: on

text: MTV

text: programs

text: such

text: as

text: Beavis

text: and

text: Butt

text: head

text: Do

text: America

text: and

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: adaptations

text: and

text: original

text: projects

text: Its

text: films

text: are

text: released

text: by

text: fellow

text: Viacom

text: division

text: Paramount

text: Pictures

text: On

text: August

text: Nickelodeon

text: Movies

text: and

text: MTV

text: Films

text: became

text: full

text: labels

text: of

text: the

text: Paramount

text: Motion

text: Pictures

text: Group

text: It

text: currently

text: has

text: films

text: with

text: four

text: direct

text: to

text: video

text: titles

question: record_label canned heat

answer: s2 records

text: s2 records

text: s2 records


text: Manchuria is a modern name, first created by Japanese, given to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia. Depending on the context, Manchuria can either refer to a region that falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or a larger region divided between China and Russia. The region that falls entirely within modern China is now usually referred to as Northeast China in China, although "Manchuria" is widely used outside of China to denote the geographical and historical region. This region is the traditional homeland of the Xianbei, Khitan, and Jurchen (later called Manchu) peoples, who built several states historically, although no term for "Manchuria" exists in the Manchu language, which originally referred to the area as the "Three Eastern Provinces".

text: Manchuria

text: is

text: modern

text: name

text: first

text: created

text: by

text: Japanese

text: given

text: to

text: large

text: geographic

text: region

text: in

text: Northeast

text: Asia

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: context

text: Manchuria

text: can

text: either

text: refer

text: to

text: region

text: that

text: falls

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: or

text: larger

text: region

text: divided

text: between

text: China

text: and

text: Russia

text: The

text: region

text: that

text: falls

text: entirely

text: within

text: modern

text: China

text: is

text: now

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Northeast

text: China

text: in

text: China

text: although

text: Manchuria

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: outside

text: of

text: China

text: to

text: denote

text: the

text: geographical

text: and

text: historical

text: region

text: This

text: region

text: is

text: the

text: traditional

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: Xianbei

text: Khitan

text: and

text: Jurchen

text: later

text: called

text: Manchu

text: peoples

text: who

text: built

text: several

text: states

text: historically

text: although

text: no

text: term

text: for

text: Manchuria

text: exists

text: in

text: the

text: Manchu

text: language

text: which

text: originally

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: as

text: the

text: Three

text: Eastern

text: Provinces

text: The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula in East Asia. It extends southwards for about from continental Asia into the Pacific Ocean and is surrounded by the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the east, and the Yellow Sea (West Sea) to the west, the Korea Strait connecting the first two bodies of water.

text: The

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: is

text: peninsula

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: It

text: extends

text: southwards

text: for

text: about

text: from

text: continental

text: Asia

text: into

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Japan

text: East

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Yellow

text: Sea

text: West

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Korea

text: Strait

text: connecting

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: Baekje or Paekche (18 BC  660 AD) was a kingdom located in southwest Korea. It was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, together with Goguryeo and Silla.

text: Baekje

text: or

text: Paekche

text: BC

text: AD

text: was

text: kingdom

text: located

text: in

text: southwest

text: Korea

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Korea

text: together

text: with

text: Goguryeo

text: and

text: Silla

text: Korea is a historical state in East Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea") and South Korea (officially the "Republic of Korea"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea.

text: Korea

text: is

text: historical

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: since

text: divided

text: into

text: two

text: distinct

text: sovereign

text: states

text: North

text: Korea

text: officially

text: the

text: Democratic

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Korea

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: Korea

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Japan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Korea

text: Strait

text: and

text: the

text: East

text: Sea

text: Goguryeo (, 37 BCE668 CE) or Goryeo, was one of the ancient Three Kingdoms of Korea, located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of inner and outer Manchuria. Goguryeo was an active participant in the power struggle for control of the Korean peninsula and was also associated with the foreign affairs of neighboring polities in China and Japan.

text: Goguryeo

text: CE

text: or

text: Goryeo

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Korea

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: and

text: central

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: and

text: central

text: parts

text: of

text: inner

text: and

text: outer

text: Manchuria

text: Goguryeo

text: was

text: an

text: active

text: participant

text: in

text: the

text: power

text: struggle

text: for

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: peninsula

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: foreign

text: affairs

text: of

text: neighboring

text: polities

text: in

text: China

text: and

text: Japan

text: Goryeo, also spelled as Kory (9181392), was a Korean dynasty established in 918 by King Taejo. This kingdom later gave name to the modern exonym "Korea". It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean Peninsula until it was removed by the founder of the Joseon in 1392. Goryeo expanded Korea's borders to present-day Wonsan in the northeast (936943), the Yalu River (993) and finally almost the whole of the Korean Peninsula (1374).

text: Goryeo

text: also

text: spelled

text: as

text: Kory

text: was

text: Korean

text: dynasty

text: established

text: in

text: by

text: King

text: Taejo

text: This

text: kingdom

text: later

text: gave

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: modern

text: exonym

text: Korea

text: It

text: united

text: the

text: Later

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: in

text: and

text: ruled

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: removed

text: by

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Joseon

text: in

text: Goryeo

text: expanded

text: Korea

text: 's

text: borders

text: to

text: present

text: day

text: Wonsan

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Yalu

text: River

text: and

text: finally

text: almost

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: King Jungcheon of Goguryeo ( 224 -- 270 , r. 248 -- 270 ) was the 12th ruler of Goguryeo , the northernmost of the Three Kingdoms of Korea .

text: King

text: Jungcheon

text: of

text: Goguryeo

text: was

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: Goguryeo

text: the

text: northernmost

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Korea

text: The concept of the Three Kingdoms of Korea refers to the three kingdoms of Baekje (), Silla () and Goguryeo (), which was later known as Goryeo (), from which the name "Korea" is derived. The Three Kingdoms period was defined as being from 57 BC to 668 AD (but there existed about 78 tribal states in the southern region of Korean peninsula and relatively big states like Okjeo, Buyeo, and Dongye in its northern part and Manchuria).

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Korea

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: three

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Baekje

text: Silla

text: and

text: Goguryeo

text: which

text: was

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: Goryeo

text: from

text: which

text: the

text: name

text: Korea

text: is

text: derived

text: The

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: period

text: was

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: from

text: BC

text: to

text: AD

text: but

text: there

text: existed

text: about

text: tribal

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: region

text: of

text: Korean

text: peninsula

text: and

text: relatively

text: big

text: states

text: like

text: Okjeo

text: Buyeo

text: and

text: Dongye

text: in

text: its

text: northern

text: part

text: and

text: Manchuria

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Dongye, which means the Eastern Ye, was a Korean chiefdom which occupied portions of the northeastern Korean peninsula from roughly 3rd-century BC to around early 5th-century. It bordered Goguryeo and Okjeo to the north, Jinhan to the south, and China's Lelang Commandery to the west. Today, this territory consists of the provinces of South Hamgyng and Kangwon in North Korea, and Gangwon in South Korea. It is believed to be one of the ancient tribes that were formed into the Tungusic peoples.

text: Dongye

text: which

text: means

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Ye

text: was

text: Korean

text: chiefdom

text: which

text: occupied

text: portions

text: of

text: the

text: northeastern

text: Korean

text: peninsula

text: from

text: roughly

text: century

text: BC

text: to

text: around

text: early

text: century

text: It

text: bordered

text: Goguryeo

text: and

text: Okjeo

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Jinhan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: China

text: 's

text: Lelang

text: Commandery

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Today

text: this

text: territory

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: South

text: Hamgyng

text: and

text: Kangwon

text: in

text: North

text: Korea

text: and

text: Gangwon

text: in

text: South

text: Korea

text: It

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: tribes

text: that

text: were

text: formed

text: into

text: the

text: Tungusic

text: peoples

text: The Three Kingdoms (AD 220280) was the tripartite division of China between the states of Wei, Shu, and Wu, following the Han dynasty and preceding the Jin dynasty. The term "Three Kingdoms" itself is something of a mistranslation, since each state was eventually headed not by a king, but by an emperor who claimed legitimate succession from the Han dynasty. Nevertheless, the term "Three Kingdoms" has become standard among sinologists. To further distinguish the three states from other historical Chinese states of similar names, historians have added a relevant character: Wei is also known as Cao Wei, Shu is also known as Shu Han, and Wu is also known as Dong (or Eastern) Wu.

text: The

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: AD

text: was

text: the

text: tripartite

text: division

text: of

text: China

text: between

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Wei

text: Shu

text: and

text: Wu

text: following

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: and

text: preceding

text: the

text: Jin

text: dynasty

text: The

text: term

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: itself

text: is

text: something

text: of

text: mistranslation

text: since

text: each

text: state

text: was

text: eventually

text: headed

text: not

text: by

text: king

text: but

text: by

text: an

text: emperor

text: who

text: claimed

text: legitimate

text: succession

text: from

text: the

text: Han

text: dynasty

text: Nevertheless

text: the

text: term

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: has

text: become

text: standard

text: among

text: sinologists

text: To

text: further

text: distinguish

text: the

text: three

text: states

text: from

text: other

text: historical

text: Chinese

text: states

text: of

text: similar

text: names

text: historians

text: have

text: added

text: relevant

text: character

text: Wei

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Cao

text: Wei

text: Shu

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Shu

text: Han

text: and

text: Wu

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Dong

text: or

text: Eastern

text: Wu

text: Silla (57 BC  935 AD) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea, and one of the world's longest sustained dynasties. Although it was founded by King Park Hyeokgeose, the dynasty was ruled by the Gyeongju Kim (, ) clan for most of its 992-year history. It began as a chiefdom in the Samhan confederacies, once allied with China, but Silla eventually conquered the other two kingdoms, Baekje in 660 and Goguryeo in 668. Thereafter, Unified Silla or Later Silla, as it is often referred to, occupied most of the Korean Peninsula, while the northern part re-emerged as Balhae, a successor-state of Goguryeo. After nearly 1000 years of rule, Silla fragmented into the brief Later Three Kingdoms, Silla, Hubaekje, and Taebong, handing over power to its successor dynasty Goryeo in 935.

text: Silla

text: BC

text: AD

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: of

text: Korea

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: sustained

text: dynasties

text: Although

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: King

text: Park

text: Hyeokgeose

text: the

text: dynasty

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Gyeongju

text: Kim

text: clan

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: It

text: began

text: as

text: chiefdom

text: in

text: the

text: Samhan

text: confederacies

text: once

text: allied

text: with

text: China

text: but

text: Silla

text: eventually

text: conquered

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: kingdoms

text: Baekje

text: in

text: and

text: Goguryeo

text: in

text: Thereafter

text: Unified

text: Silla

text: or

text: Later

text: Silla

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: occupied

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Korean

text: Peninsula

text: while

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: re

text: emerged

text: as

text: Balhae

text: successor

text: state

text: of

text: Goguryeo

text: After

text: nearly

text: years

text: of

text: rule

text: Silla

text: fragmented

text: into

text: the

text: brief

text: Later

text: Three

text: Kingdoms

text: Silla

text: Hubaekje

text: and

text: Taebong

text: handing

text: over

text: power

text: to

text: its

text: successor

text: dynasty

text: Goryeo

text: in

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely single

question: country_of_citizenship jungcheon of goguryeo

answer: south korea

text: south korea

text: south korea