text: Enceliopsis is a small genus of flowering plants in the daisy family . They are sometimes called sunrays . They are similar to the daisylike plants in the related genus Encelia . These three shrubs are native to the western United States and Canada . Species Enceliopsis argophylla - silverleaf sunray - Arizona ( Mohave Co ) , Nevada ( Clark Co ) , Utah ( Washington Co ) Enceliopsis covillei - Panamint daisy - Inyo County in California Enceliopsis nudicaulis - nakedstem sunray - California , Arizona , Nevada , Utah , Colorado , Idaho

text: Enceliopsis

text: is

text: small

text: genus

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: daisy

text: family

text: They

text: are

text: sometimes

text: called

text: sunrays

text: They

text: are

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: daisylike

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: related

text: genus

text: Encelia

text: These

text: three

text: shrubs

text: are

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: Species

text: Enceliopsis

text: argophylla

text: silverleaf

text: sunray

text: Arizona

text: Mohave

text: Co

text: Nevada

text: Clark

text: Co

text: Utah

text: Washington

text: Co

text: Enceliopsis

text: covillei

text: Panamint

text: daisy

text: Inyo

text: County

text: in

text: California

text: Enceliopsis

text: nudicaulis

text: nakedstem

text: sunray

text: California

text: Arizona

text: Nevada

text: Utah

text: Colorado

text: Idaho

text: Asteraceae or Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family) is an exceedingly large and widespread family of flowering plants (Angiospermae).

text: Asteraceae

text: or

text: Compositae

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: aster

text: daisy

text: composite

text: or

text: sunflower

text: family

text: is

text: an

text: exceedingly

text: large

text: and

text: widespread

text: family

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: Angiospermae

text: Encelia is a genus of the plant family Asteraceae. It consists of shrubs (and one geophyte) of arid environments in southwestern North America and western South America.

text: Encelia

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: the

text: plant

text: family

text: Asteraceae

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: shrubs

text: and

text: one

text: geophyte

text: of

text: arid

text: environments

text: in

text: southwestern

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: western

text: South

text: America

text: A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized woody plant. It is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 6 m (20 ft) tall. Plants of many species may grow either into shrubs or trees, depending on their growing conditions. Small, low shrubs, generally less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, such as lavender, periwinkle and most small garden varieties of roses, are often termed subshrubs.

text: shrub

text: or

text: bush

text: is

text: small

text: to

text: medium

text: sized

text: woody

text: plant

text: It

text: is

text: distinguished

text: from

text: tree

text: by

text: its

text: multiple

text: stems

text: and

text: shorter

text: height

text: usually

text: under

text: ft

text: tall

text: Plants

text: of

text: many

text: species

text: may

text: grow

text: either

text: into

text: shrubs

text: or

text: trees

text: depending

text: on

text: their

text: growing

text: conditions

text: Small

text: low

text: shrubs

text: generally

text: less

text: than

text: ft

text: tall

text: such

text: as

text: lavender

text: periwinkle

text: and

text: most

text: small

text: garden

text: varieties

text: of

text: roses

text: are

text: often

text: termed

text: subshrubs

question: parent_taxon enceliopsis

answer: asteraceae

text: asteraceae

text: asteraceae


text: Athens ("Athína" ) is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years, and its earliest human presence starting somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennia BC. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus, which had been a distinct city prior to its 5th century BC incorporation with Athens. A centre for the arts, learning and philosophy, home of Plato's Academy and Aristotle's Lyceum, it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy, largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent, and in particular the Romans. In modern times, Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic, financial, industrial, maritime, political and cultural life in Greece. In 2015, Athens was ranked the world's 29th richest city by purchasing power and the 67th most expensive in a UBS study.

text: Athens

text: Athína

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Greece

text: Athens

text: dominates

text: the

text: Attica

text: region

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oldest

text: cities

text: with

text: its

text: recorded

text: history

text: spanning

text: over

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: earliest

text: human

text: presence

text: starting

text: somewhere

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: millennia

text: BC

text: Classical

text: Athens

text: was

text: powerful

text: city

text: state

text: that

text: emerged

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: the

text: seagoing

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: port

text: of

text: Piraeus

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: distinct

text: city

text: prior

text: to

text: its

text: century

text: BC

text: incorporation

text: with

text: Athens

text: centre

text: for

text: the

text: arts

text: learning

text: and

text: philosophy

text: home

text: of

text: Plato

text: 's

text: Academy

text: and

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: Lyceum

text: it

text: is

text: widely

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: cradle

text: of

text: Western

text: civilization

text: and

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: democracy

text: largely

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: impact

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: and

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: Romans

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: Athens

text: is

text: large

text: cosmopolitan

text: metropolis

text: and

text: central

text: to

text: economic

text: financial

text: industrial

text: maritime

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: life

text: in

text: Greece

text: In

text: Athens

text: was

text: ranked

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: richest

text: city

text: by

text: purchasing

text: power

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: expensive

text: in

text: UBS

text: study

text: Aristotle ("Aristotéls"; 384322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidice, on the northern periphery of Classical Greece. His father, Nicomachus, died when Aristotle was a child, whereafter Proxenus of Atarneus became his guardian. At seventeen or eighteen years of age, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens and remained there until the age of thirty-seven (c. 347 BC). His writings cover many subjects  including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theater, music, rhetoric, linguistics, politics and government  and constitute the first comprehensive system of Western philosophy. Shortly after Plato died, Aristotle left Athens and, at the request of Philip of Macedon, tutored Alexander the Great beginning in 343 BC.

text: Aristotle

text: Aristotéls

text: BC

text: was

text: Greek

text: philosopher

text: and

text: scientist

text: born

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Stagira

text: Chalkidice

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: periphery

text: of

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: His

text: father

text: Nicomachus

text: died

text: when

text: Aristotle

text: was

text: child

text: whereafter

text: Proxenus

text: of

text: Atarneus

text: became

text: his

text: guardian

text: At

text: seventeen

text: or

text: eighteen

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: he

text: joined

text: Plato

text: 's

text: Academy

text: in

text: Athens

text: and

text: remained

text: there

text: until

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: thirty

text: seven

text: BC

text: His

text: writings

text: cover

text: many

text: subjects

text: including

text: physics

text: biology

text: zoology

text: metaphysics

text: logic

text: ethics

text: aesthetics

text: poetry

text: theater

text: music

text: rhetoric

text: linguistics

text: politics

text: and

text: government

text: and

text: constitute

text: the

text: first

text: comprehensive

text: system

text: of

text: Western

text: philosophy

text: Shortly

text: after

text: Plato

text: died

text: Aristotle

text: left

text: Athens

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: request

text: of

text: Philip

text: of

text: Macedon

text: tutored

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: beginning

text: in

text: BC

text: Sosigenes of Alexandria was a Greek astronomer who, according to Pliny the Elder, was consulted by Julius Caesar for the design of the Julian calendar.

text: Sosigenes

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: was

text: Greek

text: astronomer

text: who

text: according

text: to

text: Pliny

text: the

text: Elder

text: was

text: consulted

text: by

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: for

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: the

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: Gaius Julius Caesar (13 July 100 BC  15 March 44 BC), known as Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, general, and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

text: Gaius

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: July

text: BC

text: March

text: BC

text: known

text: as

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: was

text: Roman

text: politician

text: general

text: and

text: notable

text: author

text: of

text: Latin

text: prose

text: He

text: played

text: critical

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: events

text: that

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: demise

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: and

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Plato (Greek: "Plátn", in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423  348/347 BCE) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is widely considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, especially the Western tradition. Unlike nearly all of his philosophical contemporaries, Plato's entire "œuvre" is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years.

text: Plato

text: Greek

text: Plátn

text: in

text: Classical

text: Attic

text: or

text: BCE

text: was

text: philosopher

text: in

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: the

text: Academy

text: in

text: Athens

text: the

text: first

text: institution

text: of

text: higher

text: learning

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: He

text: is

text: widely

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: pivotal

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: philosophy

text: especially

text: the

text: Western

text: tradition

text: Unlike

text: nearly

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: philosophical

text: contemporaries

text: Plato

text: 's

text: entire

text: œuvre

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: have

text: survived

text: intact

text: for

text: over

text: years

text: Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. 200 AD) was a Peripatetic philosopher and the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle. He was a native of Aphrodisias in Caria, and lived and taught in Athens at the beginning of the 3rd century, where he held a position as head of the Peripatetic school. He wrote many commentaries on the works of Aristotle, extant are those on the "Prior Analytics", "Topics", "Meteorology", "Sense and Sensibilia", and "Metaphysics". Several original treatises also survive, and include a work "On Fate", in which he argues against the Stoic doctrine of necessity; and one "On the Soul". His commentaries on Aristotle were considered so useful that he was styled, by way of pre-eminence, "the commentator".

text: Alexander

text: of

text: Aphrodisias

text: fl

text: AD

text: was

text: Peripatetic

text: philosopher

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: celebrated

text: of

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: commentators

text: on

text: the

text: writings

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: He

text: was

text: native

text: of

text: Aphrodisias

text: in

text: Caria

text: and

text: lived

text: and

text: taught

text: in

text: Athens

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: where

text: he

text: held

text: position

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Peripatetic

text: school

text: He

text: wrote

text: many

text: commentaries

text: on

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: extant

text: are

text: those

text: on

text: the

text: Prior

text: Analytics

text: Topics

text: Meteorology

text: Sense

text: and

text: Sensibilia

text: and

text: Metaphysics

text: Several

text: original

text: treatises

text: also

text: survive

text: and

text: include

text: work

text: On

text: Fate

text: in

text: which

text: he

text: argues

text: against

text: the

text: Stoic

text: doctrine

text: of

text: necessity

text: and

text: one

text: On

text: the

text: Soul

text: His

text: commentaries

text: on

text: Aristotle

text: were

text: considered

text: so

text: useful

text: that

text: he

text: was

text: styled

text: by

text: way

text: of

text: pre

text: eminence

text: the

text: commentator

text: Alexander ( Greek :  ) of Aegae was a Peripatetic philosopher who flourished in Rome in the 1st century , and was a disciple of the celebrated mathematician Sosigenes of Alexandria . He was tutor to the emperor Nero . He wrote commentaries on the Categories and the De Caelo of Aristotle . Attempts in the 19th century to ascribe some of the works of Alexander of Aphrodisias to Alexander of Aegae have been shown to be mistaken .

text: Alexander

text: Greek

text: of

text: Aegae

text: was

text: Peripatetic

text: philosopher

text: who

text: flourished

text: in

text: Rome

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: was

text: disciple

text: of

text: the

text: celebrated

text: mathematician

text: Sosigenes

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: He

text: was

text: tutor

text: to

text: the

text: emperor

text: Nero

text: He

text: wrote

text: commentaries

text: on

text: the

text: Categories

text: and

text: the

text: De

text: Caelo

text: of

text: Aristotle

text: Attempts

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: ascribe

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: works

text: of

text: Alexander

text: of

text: Aphrodisias

text: to

text: Alexander

text: of

text: Aegae

text: have

text: been

text: shown

text: to

text: be

text: mistaken

text: The Prior Analytics is Aristotle's work on deductive reasoning, which is known as his syllogistic. Being one of the six extant Aristotelian writings on logic and scientific method, it is part of what later Peripatetics called the "Organon". Modern work on Aristotle's logic builds on the tradition started in 1951 with the establishment by Jan Lukasiewicz of a revolutionary paradigm. The Jan Lukasiewicz approach was reinvigorated in the early 1970s in a series of papers by John Corcoran and Timothy Smileywhich inform modern translations of "Prior Analytics" by Robin Smith in 1989 and Gisela Striker in 2009.

text: The

text: Prior

text: Analytics

text: is

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: work

text: on

text: deductive

text: reasoning

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: his

text: syllogistic

text: Being

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: six

text: extant

text: Aristotelian

text: writings

text: on

text: logic

text: and

text: scientific

text: method

text: it

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: what

text: later

text: Peripatetics

text: called

text: the

text: Organon

text: Modern

text: work

text: on

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: logic

text: builds

text: on

text: the

text: tradition

text: started

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: establishment

text: by

text: Jan

text: Lukasiewicz

text: of

text: revolutionary

text: paradigm

text: The

text: Jan

text: Lukasiewicz

text: approach

text: was

text: reinvigorated

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: papers

text: by

text: John

text: Corcoran

text: and

text: Timothy

text: Smileywhich

text: inform

text: modern

text: translations

text: of

text: Prior

text: Analytics

text: by

text: Robin

text: Smith

text: in

text: and

text: Gisela

text: Striker

text: in

text: Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (5th and 4th centuries BC) in Greek culture. This Classical period saw the annexation of much of modern-day Greece by the Persian Empire and its subsequent independence. Classical Greece had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire and on the foundations of western civilization. Much of modern Western politics, artistic thought (architecture, sculpture), scientific thought, theatre, literature, and philosophy derives from this period of Greek history. In the context of the art, architecture, and culture of Ancient Greece, the Classical period, sometimes called the Hellenic period, corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC). The Classical period in this sense follows the Archaic period and is in turn succeeded by the Hellenistic period.

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: was

text: period

text: of

text: around

text: years

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: in

text: Greek

text: culture

text: This

text: Classical

text: period

text: saw

text: the

text: annexation

text: of

text: much

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Greece

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: Empire

text: and

text: its

text: subsequent

text: independence

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: had

text: powerful

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: foundations

text: of

text: western

text: civilization

text: Much

text: of

text: modern

text: Western

text: politics

text: artistic

text: thought

text: architecture

text: sculpture

text: scientific

text: thought

text: theatre

text: literature

text: and

text: philosophy

text: derives

text: from

text: this

text: period

text: of

text: Greek

text: history

text: In

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: the

text: art

text: architecture

text: and

text: culture

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: period

text: corresponds

text: to

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: dates

text: being

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: Athenian

text: tyrant

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: in

text: BC

text: The

text: Classical

text: period

text: in

text: this

text: sense

text: follows

text: the

text: Archaic

text: period

text: and

text: is

text: in

text: turn

text: succeeded

text: by

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: The Julian calendar, proposed by Julius Caesar in 46 BC (708 AUC), was a reform of the Roman calendar. It took effect on 1 January 45 BC (AUC 709) (shortly before the Roman conquest of Egypt), by edict. It was the predominant calendar in the Roman world, most of Europe, and in European settlements in the Americas and elsewhere, until it was refined and gradually replaced by the Gregorian calendar, promulgated in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII. The Julian calendar gains against the mean tropical year at the rate of one day in 128 years. For the Gregorian the figure is one day in 3,030 years. The difference in the average length of the year between Julian (365.25 days) and Gregorian (365.2425 days) is 0.002%.

text: The

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: proposed

text: by

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: in

text: BC

text: AUC

text: was

text: reform

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: calendar

text: It

text: took

text: effect

text: on

text: January

text: BC

text: AUC

text: shortly

text: before

text: the

text: Roman

text: conquest

text: of

text: Egypt

text: by

text: edict

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: predominant

text: calendar

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: world

text: most

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: in

text: European

text: settlements

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: refined

text: and

text: gradually

text: replaced

text: by

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: calendar

text: promulgated

text: in

text: by

text: Pope

text: Gregory

text: XIII

text: The

text: Julian

text: calendar

text: gains

text: against

text: the

text: mean

text: tropical

text: year

text: at

text: the

text: rate

text: of

text: one

text: day

text: in

text: years

text: For

text: the

text: Gregorian

text: the

text: figure

text: is

text: one

text: day

text: in

text: years

text: The

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: average

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: between

text: Julian

text: days

text: and

text: Gregorian

text: days

text: is

annotations: likely multiple

question: floruit alexander of aegae

answer: 100


text: Armenia ( tr. "Hayastan"), officially the Republic of Armenia (tr. "Hayastani Hanrapetutyun"), is a sovereign state in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located in Western Asia on the "Armenian Highlands", it is bordered by Turkey to the west, Russia and Georgia to the north and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and Azerbaijan's exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.

text: Armenia

text: tr

text: Hayastan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Armenia

text: tr

text: Hayastani

text: Hanrapetutyun

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Caucasus

text: region

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Located

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Highlands

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Russia

text: and

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iran

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: 's

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Syria, officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (""), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest. Syria's capital and largest city is Damascus.

text: Syria

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Syrian

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bordering

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Syria

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Damascus

text: Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.

text: Turkey

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Turkish

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: mainly

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: with

text: smaller

text: portion

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Turkey

text: is

text: democratic

text: secular

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: with

text: diverse

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: Turkey

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: eight

text: countries

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Armenia

text: the

text: Azerbaijani

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: which

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: divide

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: they

text: also

text: separate

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: location

text: has

text: given

text: it

text: geopolitical

text: and

text: strategic

text: importance

text: throughout

text: history

text: The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: pronounced

text: is

text: sea

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: almost

text: completely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: identified

text: as

text: separate

text: body

text: of

text: water

text:
The Dardanelles, also known in Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont
("Hellespontos", literally "Sea of Helle"), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally-significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey. One of the world's narrowest straits used for international navigation, the Dardanelles connects the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, while also allowing passage to the Black Sea by extension via the Bosphorus.

text: The

text: Dardanelles

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: Classical

text: Antiquity

text: as

text: the

text: Hellespont

text: Hellespontos

text: literally

text: Sea

text: of

text: Helle

text: is

text: narrow

text: natural

text: strait

text: and

text: internationally

text: significant

text: waterway

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Turkey

text: that

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: continental

text: boundary

text: between

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: and

text: separates

text: Asian

text: Turkey

text: from

text: European

text: Turkey

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: narrowest

text: straits

text: used

text: for

text: international

text: navigation

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: connects

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: with

text: the

text: Aegean

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: Seas

text: while

text: also

text: allowing

text: passage

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: by

text: extension

text: via

text: the

text: Bosphorus

text: Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the "de facto" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.

text: Iran

text: also

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Persia

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iran

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Armenia

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Iraq

text: Comprising

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Iran

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: with

text: both

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: and

text: an

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coastline

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: central

text: location

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: make

text: it

text: of

text: great

text: geostrategic

text: importance

text: Tehran

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: leading

text: economic

text: center

text: The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis, is the inland sea, entirely within the borders of Turkey, that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black Sea and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean Sea. The former also separates Istanbul into its Asian and European sides. The sea has an area of 11,350 km² (280 km x 80 km) with the greatest depth reaching .

text: The

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmora

text: or

text: the

text: Marmara

text: Sea

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: as

text: the

text: Propontis

text: is

text: the

text: inland

text: sea

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: Turkey

text: that

text: connects

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: thus

text: separating

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: Asian

text: and

text: European

text: parts

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: strait

text: connects

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: strait

text: to

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: The

text: former

text: also

text: separates

text: Istanbul

text: into

text: its

text: Asian

text: and

text: European

text: sides

text: The

text: sea

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: km

text: km

text: with

text: the

text: greatest

text: depth

text: reaching

text: Eurasia is the combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia. The term is a portmanteau of its constituent continents. Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and by Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean to the south. The division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical and cultural construct, with no clear physical separation between them; thus, in some parts of the world, Eurasia is recognized as the largest of five or six continents. In geology, Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock. However, the rigidity of Eurasia is debated based on the paleomagnet data.

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: the

text: combined

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: continents

text: Located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Hemispheres

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: by

text: Africa

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: division

text: between

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: as

text: two

text: different

text: continents

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: construct

text: with

text: no

text: clear

text: physical

text: separation

text: between

text: them

text: thus

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: five

text: or

text: six

text: continents

text: In

text: geology

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: as

text: single

text: rigid

text: megablock

text: However

text: the

text: rigidity

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: debated

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: paleomagnet

text: data

text: Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.

text: Iraq

text: or

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iraq

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Baghdad

text: The

text: main

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: are

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Kurds

text: others

text: include

text: Assyrians

text: Turkmen

text: Shabakis

text: Yazidis

text: Armenians

text: Mandeans

text: Circassians

text: and

text: Kawliya

text: Around

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: citizens

text: are

text: Muslims

text: with

text: Christianity

text: Yarsan

text: Yezidism

text: and

text: Mandeanism

text: also

text: present

text: The

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: Iraq

text: are

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Kurdish

text: Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a country in the South Caucasus region, situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having an 8 km border with Turkey in the north west.

text: Azerbaijan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Caucasus

text: region

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Southwest

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Armenia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Armenia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: while

text: having

text: an

text: km

text: border

text: with

text: Turkey

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: Adana is a major city in southern Turkey. The city is situated on the Seyhan river, inland from the Mediterranean Sea, in south-central Anatolia. It is the administrative seat of the Adana Province and has a population of 1.7 million, making it the fifth most populous city in Turkey. Adana-Mersin polycentric metropolitan area, with a population of 3 million, stretches over east-west and north-south; encompassing the cities of Mersin, Tarsus and Adana.

text: Adana

text: is

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: southern

text: Turkey

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: Seyhan

text: river

text: inland

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: in

text: south

text: central

text: Anatolia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Adana

text: Province

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Turkey

text: Adana

text: Mersin

text: polycentric

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: stretches

text: over

text: east

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: south

text: encompassing

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Mersin

text: Tarsus

text: and

text: Adana

text:
Greece (' ), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: ' ), historically also known as Hellas ("" ), is a country in southeastern Europe.
Greece's population is approximately 10.955 million as of 2015. Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.

text: Greece

text: officially

text: the

text: Hellenic

text: Republic

text: Greek

text: historically

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Hellas

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: Greece

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: approximately

text: million

text: as

text: of

text: Athens

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: followed

text: by

text: Thessaloniki

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Anatolia (from Greek , '  "east" or "(sun)rise"; in modern ), in geography known as Asia Minor (from '  "small Asia"; in modern ), Asian Turkey, Anatolian peninsula, or Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey. The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean Seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the European mainland.

text: Anatolia

text: from

text: Greek

text: east

text: or

text: sun)rise

text: in

text: modern

text: in

text: geography

text: known

text: as

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: from

text: small

text: Asia

text: in

text: modern

text: Asian

text: Turkey

text: Anatolian

text: peninsula

text: or

text: Anatolian

text: plateau

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: protrusion

text: of

text: Asia

text: which

text: makes

text: up

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Turkey

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: forms

text: connection

text: between

text: the

text: Black

text: and

text: Aegean

text: Seas

text: through

text: the

text: Bosphorus

text: and

text: Dardanelles

text: straits

text: and

text: separates

text: Anatolia

text: from

text: Thrace

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: Mersin is a large city and a port on the Mediterranean coast of southern Turkey. It is part of an interurban agglomeration  the Adana-Mersin Metropolitan Area  and lies on the western part of Çukurova, a geographical, economical, and cultural region. The city was named after the aromatic plant Myrsine (in Greek ) in the family Primulaceae, a myrtle that grows in abundance in the area; the 17th-century traveler Evliya Çelebi wrote that there was also a clan named Mersinoullar

text: Mersin

text: is

text: large

text: city

text: and

text: port

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: of

text: southern

text: Turkey

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: interurban

text: agglomeration

text: the

text: Adana

text: Mersin

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: and

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: Çukurova

text: geographical

text: economical

text: and

text: cultural

text: region

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: aromatic

text: plant

text: Myrsine

text: in

text: Greek

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Primulaceae

text: myrtle

text: that

text: grows

text: in

text: abundance

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: the

text: century

text: traveler

text: Evliya

text: Çelebi

text: wrote

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: also

text: clan

text: named

text: Mersinoullar

text: Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the Balkan peninsula. Sovereign states that are, at least partially, included in the region are, in alphabetical order, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia and Turkey.

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: or

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: is

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: Europe

text: consisting

text: primarily

text: of

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: Sovereign

text: states

text: that

text: are

text: at

text: least

text: partially

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: are

text: in

text: alphabetical

text: order

text: Albania

text: Bosnia

text: and

text: Herzegovina

text: Bulgaria

text: Croatia

text: Greece

text: Kosovo

text: Macedonia

text: Moldova

text: Montenegro

text: Romania

text: Serbia

text: Slovenia

text: and

text: Turkey

text: Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia. The concept is in limited use, as it significantly overlaps with the Middle East (or Near East), the main difference being the exclusion of Egypt (which would be counted as part of North Africa). The term is sometimes used for the purposes of grouping countries in statistics.

text: Western

text: Asia

text: West

text: Asia

text: Southwestern

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southwest

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: subregion

text: of

text: Asia

text: The

text: concept

text: is

text: in

text: limited

text: use

text: as

text: it

text: significantly

text: overlaps

text: with

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: or

text: Near

text: East

text: the

text: main

text: difference

text: being

text: the

text: exclusion

text: of

text: Egypt

text: which

text: would

text: be

text: counted

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: purposes

text: of

text: grouping

text: countries

text: in

text: statistics

text: The Turkish Straits are a series of internationally-significant waterways in northwestern Turkey that connect the Aegean and Mediterranean seas to the Black Sea.

text: The

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: are

text: series

text: of

text: internationally

text: significant

text: waterways

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Turkey

text: that

text: connect

text: the

text: Aegean

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: seas

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: The Bosphorus (or ) or Bosporus ("Bósporos" ) is a narrow, natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in northwestern Turkey. It forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey. The world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, the Bosphorus connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and, by extension via the Dardanelles, the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas.

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: or

text: or

text: Bosporus

text: Bósporos

text: is

text: narrow

text: natural

text: strait

text: and

text: an

text: internationally

text: significant

text: waterway

text: located

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Turkey

text: It

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: continental

text: boundary

text: between

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: and

text: separates

text: Asian

text: Turkey

text: from

text: European

text: Turkey

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: narrowest

text: strait

text: used

text: for

text: international

text: navigation

text: the

text: Bosphorus

text: connects

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: with

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: by

text: extension

text: via

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: the

text: Aegean

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: Seas

text: The Aegean Sea  is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the Greek and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosphorus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes.

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: an

text: elongated

text: embayment

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: located

text: between

text: the

text: Greek

text: and

text: Anatolian

text: peninsulas

text: i.e.

text: between

text: the

text: mainlands

text: of

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: In

text: the

text: north

text: it

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Marmara

text: Sea

text: and

text: Black

text: Sea

text: by

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: and

text: Bosphorus

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Islands

text: are

text: within

text: the

text: sea

text: and

text: some

text: bound

text: it

text: on

text: its

text: southern

text: periphery

text: including

text: Crete

text: and

text: Rhodes

text: Adana Province, is a province of Turkey located in south-central Anatolia. With a population of 2.18 million, it is the sixth most populous province in Turkey. The administrative seat of the province is the city of Adana, home to 79% of the residents of the province. The province, geographically and as well as economically, is part of the Çukurova region together with the Mersin, Osmaniye and Hatay provinces.

text: Adana

text: Province

text: is

text: province

text: of

text: Turkey

text: located

text: in

text: south

text: central

text: Anatolia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: province

text: in

text: Turkey

text: The

text: administrative

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: is

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Adana

text: home

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: The

text: province

text: geographically

text: and

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: economically

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Çukurova

text: region

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Mersin

text: Osmaniye

text: and

text: Hatay

text: provinces

text: Mopsuestia ( Greek :  Mopsou ( h ) estia ) , later Mamistra , is the ancient city of Cilicia Campestris on the Pyramus ( now Ceyhan River ) located approximately 20 km ( 12 mi ) east of ancient Antiochia in Cilicia ( present - day Adana , southern Turkey ) . The founding of this city is attributed in legend to the soothsayer , Mopsus , who lived before the Trojan war , although it is scarcely mentioned before the Christian era . Pliny the Elder calls it the free city of Mopsos ( Hist . nat. , V , 22 ) , but the ordinary name is Mopsuestia , as found in Stephanus of Byzantium and all the Christian geographers and chroniclers . Under the Seleucid Empire , the city took the name of Seleucia on the Pyramus ( classical Greek :     , Seleukeia pros ton Pyramon ; Latin : Seleucia ad Pyramum ) , but gave it up at the time of the Roman conquest ; under Hadrian it was called Hadriana , under Decius Decia , etc. , as we know from the inscriptions and the coins of the city . Constantius II built there a magnificent bridge over the Pyramus ( Malalas , Chronographia , XIII ; P.G. , XCVII , 488 ) afterwards restored by Justinian ( Procopius , De Edificiis , V. 5 ) and has been restored again recently . Christianity seems to have been introduced very early into Mopsuestia and during the 3rd century there is mention of a bishop , Theodorus , the adversary of Paul of Samosata . Other famous residents of the early Christian period in the city 's history include Saint Auxentius ( d. 360 ) , and Theodore , bishop from 392 -- 428 , the teacher of Nestorius . The bishopric is included in the Catholic Church 's list of titular sees . The city was taken by the Arabs at the very beginning of Islam ; in 686 all the surrounding forts were conquered by them and in 700 they fortified the city itself ( Theophanes , `` Chronogr . `` , A. M. 6178 , 6193 ) , which was known to the Arabs as al - Maah . Because of its position on the frontier , the city was repeatedly fought over and was recaptured from time to time by the Byzantines : it was besieged in vain by the Byzantine troops of John I Tzimisces in 964 but was taken the following year after a long and difficult siege by Nicephorus Phocas . Mopsuestia then numbered 200,000 inhabitants , some of whom were Muslim , and the Byzantines made efforts to re-Christianize the city . Its river , the Pyramus , formed a great harbour extending twelve miles to the sea . In 1097 the Crusaders took possession of the city and engaged in a fratricidal war under its walls ; it remained in the possession of Tancred who annexed it to the Principality of Antioch . It suffered much from internecine war between Crusaders , Armenians , and Greeks who lost it and recaptured it alternately notably in 1106 , in 1152 , and in 1171 . The Greeks finally abandoned it to the Armenians . Set on fire in 1266 , Mamistra , as it was called in the Middle Ages , became two years afterwards the capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia , at the time that a council was held there . Although it was by this time in a state of decline it still possessed at least four Armenian churches , and the Greek diocese still existed at the beginning of the fourteenth century ( Le Quien , Oriens Christianus , II , 1002 ) . In 1322 , the Armenians suffered a great defeat under its walls . In 1432 the Frenchman Bertrandon reported the city being ruled by the Muslims and largely destroyed . Since then it steadily declined and became , under the Turkish name Misis , a little village . Misis was renamed Yakapnar in the 1960s . Misis Mosaic Museum was founded in 1959 to exhibit the mosaics found in the area .

text: Mopsuestia

text: Greek

text: Mopsou

text: estia

text: later

text: Mamistra

text: is

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Cilicia

text: Campestris

text: on

text: the

text: Pyramus

text: now

text: Ceyhan

text: River

text: located

text: approximately

text: km

text: mi

text: east

text: of

text: ancient

text: Antiochia

text: in

text: Cilicia

text: present

text: day

text: Adana

text: southern

text: Turkey

text: The

text: founding

text: of

text: this

text: city

text: is

text: attributed

text: in

text: legend

text: to

text: the

text: soothsayer

text: Mopsus

text: who

text: lived

text: before

text: the

text: Trojan

text: war

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: scarcely

text: mentioned

text: before

text: the

text: Christian

text: era

text: Pliny

text: the

text: Elder

text: calls

text: it

text: the

text: free

text: city

text: of

text: Mopsos

text: Hist

text: nat

text: but

text: the

text: ordinary

text: name

text: is

text: Mopsuestia

text: as

text: found

text: in

text: Stephanus

text: of

text: Byzantium

text: and

text: all

text: the

text: Christian

text: geographers

text: and

text: chroniclers

text: Under

text: the

text: Seleucid

text: Empire

text: the

text: city

text: took

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: Seleucia

text: on

text: the

text: Pyramus

text: classical

text: Greek

text: Seleukeia

text: pros

text: ton

text: Pyramon

text: Latin

text: Seleucia

text: ad

text: Pyramum

text: but

text: gave

text: it

text: up

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: conquest

text: under

text: Hadrian

text: it

text: was

text: called

text: Hadriana

text: under

text: Decius

text: Decia

text: etc

text: as

text: we

text: know

text: from

text: the

text: inscriptions

text: and

text: the

text: coins

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: Constantius

text: II

text: built

text: there

text: magnificent

text: bridge

text: over

text: the

text: Pyramus

text: Malalas

text: Chronographia

text: XIII

text: P.G.

text: XCVII

text: afterwards

text: restored

text: by

text: Justinian

text: Procopius

text: De

text: Edificiis

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: restored

text: again

text: recently

text: Christianity

text: seems

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: introduced

text: very

text: early

text: into

text: Mopsuestia

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: there

text: is

text: mention

text: of

text: bishop

text: Theodorus

text: the

text: adversary

text: of

text: Paul

text: of

text: Samosata

text: Other

text: famous

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: Christian

text: period

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: history

text: include

text: Saint

text: Auxentius

text: and

text: Theodore

text: bishop

text: from

text: the

text: teacher

text: of

text: Nestorius

text: The

text: bishopric

text: is

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: 's

text: list

text: of

text: titular

text: sees

text: The

text: city

text: was

text: taken

text: by

text: the

text: Arabs

text: at

text: the

text: very

text: beginning

text: of

text: Islam

text: in

text: all

text: the

text: surrounding

text: forts

text: were

text: conquered

text: by

text: them

text: and

text: in

text: they

text: fortified

text: the

text: city

text: itself

text: Theophanes

text: Chronogr

text: which

text: was

text: known

text: to

text: the

text: Arabs

text: as

text: al

text: Maah

text: Because

text: of

text: its

text: position

text: on

text: the

text: frontier

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: repeatedly

text: fought

text: over

text: and

text: was

text: recaptured

text: from

text: time

text: to

text: time

text: by

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: it

text: was

text: besieged

text: in

text: vain

text: by

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: troops

text: of

text: John

text: Tzimisces

text: in

text: but

text: was

text: taken

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: after

text: long

text: and

text: difficult

text: siege

text: by

text: Nicephorus

text: Phocas

text: Mopsuestia

text: then

text: numbered

text: inhabitants

text: some

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: Muslim

text: and

text: the

text: Byzantines

text: made

text: efforts

text: to

text: re

text: Christianize

text: the

text: city

text: Its

text: river

text: the

text: Pyramus

text: formed

text: great

text: harbour

text: extending

text: twelve

text: miles

text: to

text: the

text: sea

text: In

text: the

text: Crusaders

text: took

text: possession

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: engaged

text: in

text: fratricidal

text: war

text: under

text: its

text: walls

text: it

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: Tancred

text: who

text: annexed

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Antioch

text: It

text: suffered

text: much

text: from

text: internecine

text: war

text: between

text: Crusaders

text: Armenians

text: and

text: Greeks

text: who

text: lost

text: it

text: and

text: recaptured

text: it

text: alternately

text: notably

text: in

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: The

text: Greeks

text: finally

text: abandoned

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: Armenians

text: Set

text: on

text: fire

text: in

text: Mamistra

text: as

text: it

text: was

text: called

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: became

text: two

text: years

text: afterwards

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Armenian

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Cilicia

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: that

text: council

text: was

text: held

text: there

text: Although

text: it

text: was

text: by

text: this

text: time

text: in

text: state

text: of

text: decline

text: it

text: still

text: possessed

text: at

text: least

text: four

text: Armenian

text: churches

text: and

text: the

text: Greek

text: diocese

text: still

text: existed

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: fourteenth

text: century

text: Le

text: Quien

text: Oriens

text: Christianus

text: II

text: In

text: the

text: Armenians

text: suffered

text: great

text: defeat

text: under

text: its

text: walls

text: In

text: the

text: Frenchman

text: Bertrandon

text: reported

text: the

text: city

text: being

text: ruled

text: by

text: the

text: Muslims

text: and

text: largely

text: destroyed

text: Since

text: then

text: it

text: steadily

text: declined

text: and

text: became

text: under

text: the

text: Turkish

text: name

text: Misis

text: little

text: village

text: Misis

text: was

text: renamed

text: Yakapnar

text: in

text: the

text: Misis

text: Mosaic

text: Museum

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: to

text: exhibit

text: the

text: mosaics

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It is supplied by a number of major rivers, such as the Danube, Dnieper, Rioni, Southern Bug, and Dniester. The Black Sea has an area of (not including the Sea of Azov), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and features a wide shelf to the northwest. The longest east-west extent is about .

text: The

text: Black

text: Sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: between

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bounded

text: by

text: Bulgaria

text: Georgia

text: Romania

text: Russia

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: It

text: is

text: supplied

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: major

text: rivers

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Danube

text: Dnieper

text: Rioni

text: Southern

text: Bug

text: and

text: Dniester

text: The

text: Black

text: Sea

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: not

text: including

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: maximum

text: depth

text: of

text: and

text: volume

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: constrained

text: by

text: the

text: Pontic

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: features

text: wide

text: shelf

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: The

text: longest

text: east

text: west

text: extent

text: is

text: about

text: Thrace (Modern , "Thráke" "Trakiya") is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe, centered on the modern borders of Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey. In antiquity, it was also referred to as Europe, prior to the extension of the term to describe the whole continent. As a geographical concept, Thrace designates a region bounded by the Balkan Mountains on the north, Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea on the south, and by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the east. The areas it comprises are southeastern Bulgaria (Northern Thrace), northeastern Greece (Western Thrace), and the European part of Turkey (Eastern Thrace). The biggest part of Thrace is part of present-day Bulgaria. In Turkey, it is also called Rumeli. The name comes from the Thracians, an ancient Indo-European people inhabiting Southeastern Europe.

text: Thrace

text: Modern

text: Thráke

text: Trakiya

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: geographic

text: area

text: in

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: modern

text: borders

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: In

text: antiquity

text: it

text: was

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Europe

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: whole

text: continent

text: As

text: geographical

text: concept

text: Thrace

text: designates

text: region

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Balkan

text: Mountains

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Rhodope

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: areas

text: it

text: comprises

text: are

text: southeastern

text: Bulgaria

text: Northern

text: Thrace

text: northeastern

text: Greece

text: Western

text: Thrace

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: part

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Eastern

text: Thrace

text: The

text: biggest

text: part

text: of

text: Thrace

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Bulgaria

text: In

text: Turkey

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Rumeli

text: The

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Thracians

text: an

text: ancient

text: Indo

text: European

text: people

text: inhabiting

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: Bulgaria (tr. '), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (tr. '), is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of , Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.

text: Bulgaria

text: tr

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: tr

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Romania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Macedonia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: With

text: territory

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: is

text: Europe

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text:
A "metropolitan area", sometimes referred to as a "metro area" or just "metro", is a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing.
A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships, boroughs, cities, towns, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts. As social, economic and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns.

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: metro

text: area

text: or

text: just

text: metro

text: is

text: region

text: consisting

text: of

text: densely

text: populated

text: urban

text: core

text: and

text: its

text: less

text: populated

text: surrounding

text: territories

text: sharing

text: industry

text: infrastructure

text: and

text: housing

text: metro

text: area

text: usually

text: comprises

text: multiple

text: jurisdictions

text: and

text: municipalities

text: neighborhoods

text: townships

text: boroughs

text: cities

text: towns

text: exurbs

text: suburbs

text: counties

text: districts

text: states

text: and

text: even

text: nations

text: like

text: the

text: eurodistricts

text: As

text: social

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: institutions

text: have

text: changed

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: have

text: become

text: key

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: regions

text: Metropolitan

text: areas

text: include

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: urban

text: areas

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: satellite

text: cities

text: towns

text: and

text: intervening

text: rural

text: areas

text: that

text: are

text: socio

text: economically

text: tied

text: to

text: the

text: urban

text: core

text: typically

text: measured

text: by

text: commuting

text: patterns

text: A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament). There are a number of variations of parliamentary republics. Most have a clear differentiation between the head of government and the head of state, with the head of government holding real power, much like constitutional monarchies. Some have combined the roles of head of state and head of government, much like presidential systems, but with a dependency upon parliamentary power.

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: is

text: republic

text: that

text: operates

text: under

text: parliamentary

text: system

text: of

text: government

text: where

text: the

text: executive

text: branch

text: the

text: government

text: derives

text: its

text: legitimacy

text: from

text: and

text: is

text: accountable

text: to

text: the

text: legislature

text: the

text: parliament

text: There

text: are

text: number

text: of

text: variations

text: of

text: parliamentary

text: republics

text: Most

text: have

text: clear

text: differentiation

text: between

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: with

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: holding

text: real

text: power

text: much

text: like

text: constitutional

text: monarchies

text: Some

text: have

text: combined

text: the

text: roles

text: of

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: and

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: much

text: like

text: presidential

text: systems

text: but

text: with

text: dependency

text: upon

text: parliamentary

text: power

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity mopsuestia

answer: adana province

text: adana province

text: adana province


text: The Breeders' Cup World Championships is an annual series of Grade I Thoroughbred horse races, operated by Breeders' Cup Limited, a company formed in 1982. From its inception in 1984 through 2006, it was a single-day event; starting in 2007, it expanded to two days. All sites have been in the United States, except in 1996, when the races were at the Woodbine Racetrack in Canada.

text: The

text: Breeders

text: Cup

text: World

text: Championships

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: series

text: of

text: Grade

text: Thoroughbred

text: horse

text: races

text: operated

text: by

text: Breeders

text: Cup

text: Limited

text: company

text: formed

text: in

text: From

text: its

text: inception

text: in

text: through

text: it

text: was

text: single

text: day

text: event

text: starting

text: in

text: it

text: expanded

text: to

text: two

text: days

text: All

text: sites

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: except

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: races

text: were

text: at

text: the

text: Woodbine

text: Racetrack

text: in

text: Canada

text: The San Gabriel Mountains are a mountain range located in northern Los Angeles County and western San Bernardino County, California, United States. The mountain range is part of the Transverse Ranges and lies between the Los Angeles Basin and the Mojave Desert, with Interstate 5 to the west and Interstate 15 to the east. This range lies in, and is surrounded by, the Angeles National Forest, with the San Andreas Fault as the northern border of the range.

text: The

text: San

text: Gabriel

text: Mountains

text: are

text: mountain

text: range

text: located

text: in

text: northern

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: western

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: County

text: California

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: mountain

text: range

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Transverse

text: Ranges

text: and

text: lies

text: between

text: the

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Basin

text: and

text: the

text: Mojave

text: Desert

text: with

text: Interstate

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Interstate

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: This

text: range

text: lies

text: in

text: and

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Angeles

text: National

text: Forest

text: with

text: the

text: San

text: Andreas

text: Fault

text: as

text: the

text: northern

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: The Santa Anita Handicap is an American Thoroughbred horse race held annually in early March at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. It is a Grade I race for horses four years old and up and is considered the most important race for older horses in North America during the winter racing season. The ten-furlong Santa Anita Handicap offers a purse of $1 million.

text: The

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: Handicap

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: Thoroughbred

text: horse

text: race

text: held

text: annually

text: in

text: early

text: March

text: at

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: Park

text: in

text: Arcadia

text: California

text: It

text: is

text: Grade

text: race

text: for

text: horses

text: four

text: years

text: old

text: and

text: up

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: race

text: for

text: older

text: horses

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: racing

text: season

text: The

text: ten

text: furlong

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: Handicap

text: offers

text: purse

text: of

text: million

text: or "cultivars" of an animal species, achieved through the process of selective breeding. When the lineage of a purebred animal is recorded, that animal is said to be "pedigreed".

text: or

text: cultivars

text: of

text: an

text: animal

text: species

text: achieved

text: through

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: selective

text: breeding

text: When

text: the

text: lineage

text: of

text: purebred

text: animal

text: is

text: recorded

text: that

text: animal

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: pedigreed

text: Arcadia is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States located about northeast of downtown Los Angeles in the San Gabriel Valley and at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains.

text: Arcadia

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: California

text: United

text: States

text: located

text: about

text: northeast

text: of

text: downtown

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: in

text: the

text: San

text: Gabriel

text: Valley

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: base

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Gabriel

text: Mountains

text: The Santa Anita Derby is an American Grade 1 thoroughbred horse race for three-year-olds run each April at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California and carries a purse of $1 million. Inaugurated in 1935, it is considered the most important West Coast stepping-stone to the Kentucky Derby. Since its inception, seven Santa Anita Derby winners have gone on to win the Kentucky Derby.

text: The

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: Derby

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: Grade

text: thoroughbred

text: horse

text: race

text: for

text: three

text: year

text: olds

text: run

text: each

text: April

text: at

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: Park

text: in

text: Arcadia

text: California

text: and

text: carries

text: purse

text: of

text: million

text: Inaugurated

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: West

text: Coast

text: stepping

text: stone

text: to

text: the

text: Kentucky

text: Derby

text: Since

text: its

text: inception

text: seven

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: Derby

text: winners

text: have

text: gone

text: on

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: Kentucky

text: Derby

text: A breed is a specific group of domestic animals having homogeneous appearance (phenotype), homogeneous behavior, and/or other characteristics that distinguish it from other organisms of the same species. Breeds are formed through genetic isolation and either natural adaptation to the environment or selective breeding, or a combination of the two. Despite the centrality of the idea of "breeds" to animal husbandry and agriculture, no single, scientifically accepted definition of the term exists. A breed is therefore not an objective or biologically verifiable classification but is instead a term of art amongst groups of breeders who share a consensus around what qualities make some members of a given species members of a nameable subset.

text: breed

text: is

text: specific

text: group

text: of

text: domestic

text: animals

text: having

text: homogeneous

text: appearance

text: phenotype

text: homogeneous

text: behavior

text: and/or

text: other

text: characteristics

text: that

text: distinguish

text: it

text: from

text: other

text: organisms

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: Breeds

text: are

text: formed

text: through

text: genetic

text: isolation

text: and

text: either

text: natural

text: adaptation

text: to

text: the

text: environment

text: or

text: selective

text: breeding

text: or

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: Despite

text: the

text: centrality

text: of

text: the

text: idea

text: of

text: breeds

text: to

text: animal

text: husbandry

text: and

text: agriculture

text: no

text: single

text: scientifically

text: accepted

text: definition

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: exists

text: breed

text: is

text: therefore

text: not

text: an

text: objective

text: or

text: biologically

text: verifiable

text: classification

text: but

text: is

text: instead

text: term

text: of

text: art

text: amongst

text: groups

text: of

text: breeders

text: who

text: share

text: consensus

text: around

text: what

text: qualities

text: make

text: some

text: members

text: of

text: given

text: species

text: members

text: of

text: nameable

text: subset

text: The Buena Vista Handicap is an annual race for Thoroughbred horses held early in the year at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia , California . Open to fillies and mares , age four and up , willing to race one mile ( 8 furlongs ) on the turf , it is a Grade II event . Run in mid February , the Buena Vista currently offers a purse of $ 200,000 . The Buena Vista Handicap was run in two divisions in 1992 .

text: The

text: Buena

text: Vista

text: Handicap

text: is

text: an

text: annual

text: race

text: for

text: Thoroughbred

text: horses

text: held

text: early

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: at

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: Park

text: in

text: Arcadia

text: California

text: Open

text: to

text: fillies

text: and

text: mares

text: age

text: four

text: and

text: up

text: willing

text: to

text: race

text: one

text: mile

text: furlongs

text: on

text: the

text: turf

text: it

text: is

text: Grade

text: II

text: event

text: Run

text: in

text: mid

text: February

text: the

text: Buena

text: Vista

text: currently

text: offers

text: purse

text: of

text: The

text: Buena

text: Vista

text: Handicap

text: was

text: run

text: in

text: two

text: divisions

text: in

text: The San Gabriel Valley is one of the principal valleys of Southern California, lying generally to the east of the city of Los Angeles. Surrounding features include:

text: The

text: San

text: Gabriel

text: Valley

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: principal

text: valleys

text: of

text: Southern

text: California

text: lying

text: generally

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Surrounding

text: features

text: include

text: Santa Anita Park is a thoroughbred racetrack in Arcadia, California, United States. It offers some of the prominent racing events in the United States during the winter and in spring. With its backdrop of the San Gabriel Mountains, it is considered by many the world's most beautiful race track. The track is home to numerous prestigious races including both the Santa Anita Derby and the Santa Anita Handicap as well as hosting the Breeders' Cup in 1986, 1993, 2003, 2008, 2009, and from 2012 to 2014, plus 2016. In 2010, Santa Anita's ownership was moved to MI Developments Inc. (MID).

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: Park

text: is

text: thoroughbred

text: racetrack

text: in

text: Arcadia

text: California

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: offers

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: prominent

text: racing

text: events

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: during

text: the

text: winter

text: and

text: in

text: spring

text: With

text: its

text: backdrop

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Gabriel

text: Mountains

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: by

text: many

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: beautiful

text: race

text: track

text: The

text: track

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: numerous

text: prestigious

text: races

text: including

text: both

text: the

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: Derby

text: and

text: the

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: Handicap

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: hosting

text: the

text: Breeders

text: Cup

text: in

text: and

text: from

text: to

text: plus

text: In

text: Santa

text: Anita

text: 's

text: ownership

text: was

text: moved

text: to

text: MI

text: Developments

text: Inc.

text: MID

text: The Thoroughbred is a horse breed best known for its use in horse racing. Although the word "thoroughbred" is sometimes used to refer to any breed of purebred horse, it technically refers only to the Thoroughbred breed. Thoroughbreds are considered "hot-blooded" horses that are known for their agility, speed and spirit.

text: The

text: Thoroughbred

text: is

text: horse

text: breed

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: use

text: in

text: horse

text: racing

text: Although

text: the

text: word

text: thoroughbred

text: is

text: sometimes

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: breed

text: of

text: purebred

text: horse

text: it

text: technically

text: refers

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: Thoroughbred

text: breed

text: Thoroughbreds

text: are

text: considered

text: hot

text: blooded

text: horses

text: that

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: agility

text: speed

text: and

text: spirit

text: Arcadia ("Arkadía") is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese. It is situated in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological character Arcas. In Greek mythology, it was the home of the god Pan. In European Renaissance arts, Arcadia was celebrated as an unspoiled, harmonious wilderness.

text: Arcadia

text: Arkadía

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: regional

text: units

text: of

text: Greece

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: Peloponnese

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: and

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Peloponnese

text: peninsula

text: It

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: the

text: mythological

text: character

text: Arcas

text: In

text: Greek

text: mythology

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: god

text: Pan

text: In

text: European

text: Renaissance

text: arts

text: Arcadia

text: was

text: celebrated

text: as

text: an

text: unspoiled

text: harmonious

text: wilderness

text: Los Angeles County, officially the County of Los Angeles, is a county in California. With a population of more than ten million people, it is the most populous county in the United States, and larger than that of 42 individual U.S. states. It has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and at it is larger than the combined areas of the U.S. states of Delaware and Rhode Island. The county is home to more than one quarter of all California residents and is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the U.S. Its county seat, the City of Los Angeles, is also its most populous city at about four million.

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: officially

text: the

text: County

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: California

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: ten

text: million

text: people

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: larger

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: individual

text: U.S.

text: states

text: It

text: has

text: incorporated

text: cities

text: and

text: many

text: unincorporated

text: areas

text: and

text: at

text: it

text: is

text: larger

text: than

text: the

text: combined

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Delaware

text: and

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: The

text: county

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: quarter

text: of

text: all

text: California

text: residents

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: ethnically

text: diverse

text: counties

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Its

text: county

text: seat

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: also

text: its

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: at

text: about

text: four

text: million

annotations: likely single

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of buena vista handicap

answer: horse race

text: horse race

text: horse race