text: A habitat is an ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant, or other type of organism. The term typically refers to the zone in which the organism lives and where it can find food, shelter, protection and mates for reproduction. It is the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the physical environment that surrounds a species population.

text: habitat

text: is

text: an

text: ecological

text: or

text: environmental

text: area

text: that

text: is

text: inhabited

text: by

text: particular

text: species

text: of

text: animal

text: plant

text: or

text: other

text: type

text: of

text: organism

text: The

text: term

text: typically

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: zone

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: organism

text: lives

text: and

text: where

text: it

text: can

text: find

text: food

text: shelter

text: protection

text: and

text: mates

text: for

text: reproduction

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: natural

text: environment

text: in

text: which

text: an

text: organism

text: lives

text: or

text: the

text: physical

text: environment

text: that

text: surrounds

text: species

text: population

text: The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The CPC is the sole governing party of China, although it coexists alongside eight other legal parties that comprise the United Front; these parties, however, hold no real power or independence from the CPC. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 the CPC had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, thus leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The CPC is currently the world's second largest political party with a membership of 88.76 million as of 2016 (while the Indian Bharatiya Janata Party appears to have remained the largest with a membership of 110 million as of the previous year, 2015). It also controls the world's largest armed force, the People's Liberation Army.

text: The

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: CPC

text: is

text: the

text: founding

text: and

text: ruling

text: political

text: party

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: The

text: CPC

text: is

text: the

text: sole

text: governing

text: party

text: of

text: China

text: although

text: it

text: coexists

text: alongside

text: eight

text: other

text: legal

text: parties

text: that

text: comprise

text: the

text: United

text: Front

text: these

text: parties

text: however

text: hold

text: no

text: real

text: power

text: or

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: CPC

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: chiefly

text: by

text: Chen

text: Duxiu

text: and

text: Li

text: Dazhao

text: The

text: party

text: grew

text: quickly

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: CPC

text: had

text: driven

text: the

text: nationalist

text: Kuomintang

text: KMT

text: government

text: from

text: mainland

text: China

text: after

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Civil

text: War

text: thus

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: establishment

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: The

text: CPC

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: political

text: party

text: with

text: membership

text: of

text: million

text: as

text: of

text: while

text: the

text: Indian

text: Bharatiya

text: Janata

text: Party

text: appears

text: to

text: have

text: remained

text: the

text: largest

text: with

text: membership

text: of

text: million

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: year

text: It

text: also

text: controls

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: armed

text: force

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Liberation

text: Army

text: Hong Kong, officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the Pearl River Delta of East Asia. Macau lies across the delta to the west, and the Chinese province of Guangdong borders the territory to the north. With a total land area of and a population of over 7.3 million of various nationalities, it ranks as the world's fourth most densely populated sovereign state or territory.

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: officially

text: the

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Special

text: Administrative

text: Region

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: territory

text: on

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: Delta

text: of

text: East

text: Asia

text: Macau

text: lies

text: across

text: the

text: delta

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Chinese

text: province

text: of

text: Guangdong

text: borders

text: the

text: territory

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: With

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: of

text: various

text: nationalities

text: it

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: sovereign

text: state

text: or

text: territory

text: Macau (literally: "Bay Gate"), (in Portuguese, which is still widely used in the city) also spelled Macao (in English), officially the Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River Delta in East Asia. Macau is bordered by the city of Zhuhai in China to the North and the Pearl River Estuary to the East and South. Hong Kong lies about to its East across the Delta. With a population of 650,900 living in an area of , it is the most densely populated region in the world.

text: Macau

text: literally

text: Bay

text: Gate

text: in

text: Portuguese

text: which

text: is

text: still

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: also

text: spelled

text: Macao

text: in

text: English

text: officially

text: the

text: Região

text: Administrativa

text: Especial

text: de

text: Macau

text: da

text: República

text: Popular

text: da

text: China

text: is

text: an

text: autonomous

text: territory

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: Delta

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: Macau

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Zhuhai

text: in

text: China

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: and

text: the

text: Pearl

text: River

text: Estuary

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: and

text: South

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: lies

text: about

text: to

text: its

text: East

text: across

text: the

text: Delta

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: living

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: region

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: A songbird is a bird belonging to the clade Passeri of the perching birds (Passeriformes). Another name that is sometimes seen as a scientific or vernacular name is Oscines, from Latin "oscen", "a songbird". This group contains some 4,000 species found all over the world, in which the vocal organ typically is developed in such a way as to produce a diverse and elaborate bird song.

text: songbird

text: is

text: bird

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: clade

text: Passeri

text: of

text: the

text: perching

text: birds

text: Passeriformes

text: Another

text: name

text: that

text: is

text: sometimes

text: seen

text: as

text: scientific

text: or

text: vernacular

text: name

text: is

text: Oscines

text: from

text: Latin

text: oscen

text: songbird

text: This

text: group

text: contains

text: some

text: species

text: found

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: vocal

text: organ

text: typically

text: is

text: developed

text: in

text: such

text: way

text: as

text: to

text: produce

text: diverse

text: and

text: elaborate

text: bird

text: song

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Locustellidae is a newly recognized family of small insectivorous songbirds ("warblers"), formerly placed in the Old World warbler "wastebin" family. It contains the grass warblers, grassbirds, and the "Bradypterus" "bush warblers". These birds occur mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. The family name is sometimes given as Megaluridae, but Locustellidae has priority.

text: Locustellidae

text: is

text: newly

text: recognized

text: family

text: of

text: small

text: insectivorous

text: songbirds

text: warblers

text: formerly

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: warbler

text: wastebin

text: family

text: It

text: contains

text: the

text: grass

text: warblers

text: grassbirds

text: and

text: the

text: Bradypterus

text: bush

text: warblers

text: These

text: birds

text: occur

text: mainly

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Australian

text: region

text: The

text: family

text: name

text: is

text: sometimes

text: given

text: as

text: Megaluridae

text: but

text: Locustellidae

text: has

text: priority

text: Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney.

text: Australia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Australia

text: is

text: country

text: comprising

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Australian

text: continent

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Tasmania

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: islands

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: sixth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: The

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: are

text: Papua

text: New

text: Guinea

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: East

text: Timor

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Solomon

text: Islands

text: and

text: Vanuatu

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Australia

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Canberra

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: is

text: Sydney

text: Jurisdiction (from the Latin "ius, " meaning "law" and "" meaning "to speak") is the practical authority granted to a legal body to administer justice within a defined area of responsibility, e.g., Michigan tax law. In the federations like USA, areas of jurisdiction apply to local, state, and federal levels; e.g. the court has jurisdiction to apply federal law.

text: Jurisdiction

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: ius

text: meaning

text: law

text: and

text: meaning

text: to

text: speak

text: is

text: the

text: practical

text: authority

text: granted

text: to

text: legal

text: body

text: to

text: administer

text: justice

text: within

text: defined

text: area

text: of

text: responsibility

text: e.g.

text: Michigan

text: tax

text: law

text: In

text: the

text: federations

text: like

text: USA

text: areas

text: of

text: jurisdiction

text: apply

text: to

text: local

text: state

text: and

text: federal

text: levels

text: e.g.

text: the

text: court

text: has

text: jurisdiction

text: to

text: apply

text: federal

text: law

text: The Chinese bush warbler ( Locustella tacsanowskia ) is a species of Old World warbler in the Locustellidae family . It is found in China , India , Laos , Mongolia , Myanmar , Nepal , Russia , Thailand , and Vietnam . Its natural habitat is temperate forests .

text: The

text: Chinese

text: bush

text: warbler

text: Locustella

text: tacsanowskia

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: Old

text: World

text: warbler

text: in

text: the

text: Locustellidae

text: family

text: It

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: China

text: India

text: Laos

text: Mongolia

text: Myanmar

text: Nepal

text: Russia

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: Its

text: natural

text: habitat

text: is

text: temperate

text: forests

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: Shanghai (": Zånhae" ), often abbreviated as Hu or Shen, is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China. It is the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million . It is a global financial centre and transport hub, with the world's busiest container port. Located in the Yangtze River Delta in East China, Shanghai sits on the south edge of the mouth of the Yangtze in the middle portion of the Chinese coast. The municipality borders the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the north, south and west, and is bounded to the east by the East China Sea.

text: Shanghai

text: Zånhae

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: Hu

text: or

text: Shen

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: of

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: It

text: is

text: global

text: financial

text: centre

text: and

text: transport

text: hub

text: with

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: container

text: port

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: River

text: Delta

text: in

text: East

text: China

text: Shanghai

text: sits

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: Yangtze

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Chinese

text: coast

text: The

text: municipality

text: borders

text: the

text: provinces

text: of

text: Jiangsu

text: and

text: Zhejiang

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: is

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: The grasshopper warblers are small passerine birds belonging to the genus Locustella. Formerly placed in the paraphyletic "Old World warbler" assemblage, they are now considered the northernmost representatives of a largely Gondwanan family, the Locustellidae. The genus name "Locustella" is from Latin and is a diminutive of "locusta", "grasshopper". Like the English name, this refers to the insect-like song of some species.

text: The

text: grasshopper

text: warblers

text: are

text: small

text: passerine

text: birds

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Locustella

text: Formerly

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: paraphyletic

text: Old

text: World

text: warbler

text: assemblage

text: they

text: are

text: now

text: considered

text: the

text: northernmost

text: representatives

text: of

text: largely

text: Gondwanan

text: family

text: the

text: Locustellidae

text: The

text: genus

text: name

text: Locustella

text: is

text: from

text: Latin

text: and

text: is

text: diminutive

text: of

text: locusta

text: grasshopper

text: Like

text: the

text: English

text: name

text: this

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: insect

text: like

text: song

text: of

text: some

text: species

text:
A kinglet, or crest, is a small bird in a group that is sometimes included in the Old World warblers, but is frequently placed in its own family, Regulidae, because of resemblance to titmice. "Regulidae" is derived from the Latin word "regulus" for "petty king" or prince, and refers to the coloured crowns of adult birds. This family has representatives in North America and Eurasia. There are seven species in this family; one, the Madeira firecrest, "Regulus madeirensis", was only recently split from common firecrest as a separate species. One species, the ruby-crowned kinglet, differs sufficiently in its voice and plumage to occasionally be afforded its own genus, "Corthylio".
Description.
Kinglets are among the smallest of all passerines, ranging in size from and weighing ; the sexes are the same size. They have medium-length wings and tails, and small needle-like bills. The plumage is overall grey-green, offset by pale wingbars, and the tail tip is incised. Five species have a single stiff feather covering the nostrils, but in the ruby-crowned kinglet, this is replaced by several short, stiff bristles. Most kinglets have distinctive head markings, and the males possess a colourful crown patch. In the females, the crown is duller and yellower. The long feathers forming the central crown stripe can be erected; they are inconspicuous most of the time, but are used in courtship and territorial displays when the raised crest is very striking.

text: kinglet

text: or

text: crest

text: is

text: small

text: bird

text: in

text: group

text: that

text: is

text: sometimes

text: included

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: warblers

text: but

text: is

text: frequently

text: placed

text: in

text: its

text: own

text: family

text: Regulidae

text: because

text: of

text: resemblance

text: to

text: titmice

text: Regulidae

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: regulus

text: for

text: petty

text: king

text: or

text: prince

text: and

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: coloured

text: crowns

text: of

text: adult

text: birds

text: This

text: family

text: has

text: representatives

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: Eurasia

text: There

text: are

text: seven

text: species

text: in

text: this

text: family

text: one

text: the

text: Madeira

text: firecrest

text: Regulus

text: madeirensis

text: was

text: only

text: recently

text: split

text: from

text: common

text: firecrest

text: as

text: separate

text: species

text: One

text: species

text: the

text: ruby

text: crowned

text: kinglet

text: differs

text: sufficiently

text: in

text: its

text: voice

text: and

text: plumage

text: to

text: occasionally

text: be

text: afforded

text: its

text: own

text: genus

text: Corthylio

text: Description

text: Kinglets

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: smallest

text: of

text: all

text: passerines

text: ranging

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: and

text: weighing

text: the

text: sexes

text: are

text: the

text: same

text: size

text: They

text: have

text: medium

text: length

text: wings

text: and

text: tails

text: and

text: small

text: needle

text: like

text: bills

text: The

text: plumage

text: is

text: overall

text: grey

text: green

text: offset

text: by

text: pale

text: wingbars

text: and

text: the

text: tail

text: tip

text: is

text: incised

text: Five

text: species

text: have

text: single

text: stiff

text: feather

text: covering

text: the

text: nostrils

text: but

text: in

text: the

text: ruby

text: crowned

text: kinglet

text: this

text: is

text: replaced

text: by

text: several

text: short

text: stiff

text: bristles

text: Most

text: kinglets

text: have

text: distinctive

text: head

text: markings

text: and

text: the

text: males

text: possess

text: colourful

text: crown

text: patch

text: In

text: the

text: females

text: the

text: crown

text: is

text: duller

text: and

text: yellower

text: The

text: long

text: feathers

text: forming

text: the

text: central

text: crown

text: stripe

text: can

text: be

text: erected

text: they

text: are

text: inconspicuous

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: but

text: are

text: used

text: in

text: courtship

text: and

text: territorial

text: displays

text: when

text: the

text: raised

text: crest

text: is

text: very

text: striking

text: Sylviidae is a family of passerine birds that was part of an assemblage known as the Old World warblers. The family was a wastebin taxon with over 400 species of bird in over 70 genera. Advances in classification, particularly helped with molecular data, have led to the splitting out of several new families from within this group. Today the smaller family Sylviidae includes the typical warblers in the genus "Sylvia", the parrotbills of Asia (formerly a separate family Paradoxornithidae), a number of babblers formerly placed within the family Timaliidae (which is being split) and the wrentit, a North American bird that has been a longstanding taxonomic mystery.

text: Sylviidae

text: is

text: family

text: of

text: passerine

text: birds

text: that

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: assemblage

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: warblers

text: The

text: family

text: was

text: wastebin

text: taxon

text: with

text: over

text: species

text: of

text: bird

text: in

text: over

text: genera

text: Advances

text: in

text: classification

text: particularly

text: helped

text: with

text: molecular

text: data

text: have

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: splitting

text: out

text: of

text: several

text: new

text: families

text: from

text: within

text: this

text: group

text: Today

text: the

text: smaller

text: family

text: Sylviidae

text: includes

text: the

text: typical

text: warblers

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Sylvia

text: the

text: parrotbills

text: of

text: Asia

text: formerly

text: separate

text: family

text: Paradoxornithidae

text: number

text: of

text: babblers

text: formerly

text: placed

text: within

text: the

text: family

text: Timaliidae

text: which

text: is

text: being

text: split

text: and

text: the

text: wrentit

text: North

text: American

text: bird

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: longstanding

text: taxonomic

text: mystery

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). The animal kingdom emerged as a basal clade within Apoikozoa as a sister of the choanoflagellates. Sponges are the most basal clade of animals. Animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently at some point in their lives. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later in their lives. All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance.

text: Animals

text: are

text: multicellular

text: eukaryotic

text: organisms

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Animalia

text: also

text: called

text: Metazoa

text: The

text: animal

text: kingdom

text: emerged

text: as

text: basal

text: clade

text: within

text: Apoikozoa

text: as

text: sister

text: of

text: the

text: choanoflagellates

text: Sponges

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: basal

text: clade

text: of

text: animals

text: Animals

text: are

text: motile

text: meaning

text: they

text: can

text: move

text: spontaneously

text: and

text: independently

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: their

text: lives

text: Their

text: body

text: plan

text: eventually

text: becomes

text: fixed

text: as

text: they

text: develop

text: although

text: some

text: undergo

text: process

text: of

text: metamorphosis

text: later

text: in

text: their

text: lives

text: All

text: animals

text: are

text: heterotrophs

text: they

text: must

text: ingest

text: other

text: organisms

text: or

text: their

text: products

text: for

text: sustenance

text: Phylloscopidae is a newly described family of small insectivorous birds formerly placed in the Old World warbler family. Phylloscopidae contains two genera, "Phylloscopus" and "Seicercus", respectively containing around 55 and 11 species. The leaf warblers are a branch of "Old World warblers," one of 10 or more branches that sprouted as Families with the break-up of the Sylviidae.

text: Phylloscopidae

text: is

text: newly

text: described

text: family

text: of

text: small

text: insectivorous

text: birds

text: formerly

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: warbler

text: family

text: Phylloscopidae

text: contains

text: two

text: genera

text: Phylloscopus

text: and

text: Seicercus

text: respectively

text: containing

text: around

text: and

text: species

text: The

text: leaf

text: warblers

text: are

text: branch

text: of

text: Old

text: World

text: warblers

text: one

text: of

text: or

text: more

text: branches

text: that

text: sprouted

text: as

text: Families

text: with

text: the

text: break

text: up

text: of

text: the

text: Sylviidae

text: The Acrocephalidae (the reed warblers, marsh- and tree-warblers, or acrocephalid warblers) are a family of oscine passerine birds, in the superfamily Sylvioidea.

text: The

text: Acrocephalidae

text: the

text: reed

text: warblers

text: marsh-

text: and

text: tree

text: warblers

text: or

text: acrocephalid

text: warblers

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: oscine

text: passerine

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: superfamily

text: Sylvioidea

text: A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralised government that has sovereignty over a geographic area. International law defines sovereign states as having a permanent population, defined territory, one government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states. It is also normally understood that a sovereign state is neither dependent on nor subjected to any other power or state.

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: in

text: international

text: law

text: nonphysical

text: juridical

text: entity

text: that

text: is

text: represented

text: by

text: one

text: centralised

text: government

text: that

text: has

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: geographic

text: area

text: International

text: law

text: defines

text: sovereign

text: states

text: as

text: having

text: permanent

text: population

text: defined

text: territory

text: one

text: government

text: and

text: the

text: capacity

text: to

text: enter

text: into

text: relations

text: with

text: other

text: sovereign

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: normally

text: understood

text: that

text: sovereign

text: state

text: is

text: neither

text: dependent

text: on

text: nor

text: subjected

text: to

text: any

text: other

text: power

text: or

text: state

text: Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for the body. It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals. The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.

text: Food

text: is

text: any

text: substance

text: consumed

text: to

text: provide

text: nutritional

text: support

text: for

text: the

text: body

text: It

text: is

text: usually

text: of

text: plant

text: or

text: animal

text: origin

text: and

text: contains

text: essential

text: nutrients

text: such

text: as

text: carbohydrates

text: fats

text: proteins

text: vitamins

text: or

text: minerals

text: The

text: substance

text: is

text: ingested

text: by

text: an

text: organism

text: and

text: assimilated

text: by

text: the

text: organism

text: 's

text: cells

text: to

text: provide

text: energy

text: maintain

text: life

text: or

text: stimulate

text: growth

text: Cettiidae is a newly validated family of small insectivorous songbirds ("warblers"), formerly placed in the Old World warbler "wastebin" assemblage. It contains the typical bush warblers ("Cettia") and their relatives. As a common name, cettiid warblers is usually used.

text: Cettiidae

text: is

text: newly

text: validated

text: family

text: of

text: small

text: insectivorous

text: songbirds

text: warblers

text: formerly

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: warbler

text: wastebin

text: assemblage

text: It

text: contains

text: the

text: typical

text: bush

text: warblers

text: Cettia

text: and

text: their

text: relatives

text: As

text: common

text: name

text: cettiid

text: warblers

text: is

text: usually

text: used

text: A population is the number of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.

text: population

text: is

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: organisms

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: group

text: or

text: species

text: which

text: live

text: in

text: particular

text: geographical

text: area

text: and

text: have

text: the

text: capability

text: of

text: interbreeding

text: The Cisticolidae family of small passerine birds is a group of about 110 warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are often included within the Old World warbler family Sylviidae.

text: The

text: Cisticolidae

text: family

text: of

text: small

text: passerine

text: birds

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: about

text: warblers

text: found

text: mainly

text: in

text: warmer

text: southern

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: They

text: are

text: often

text: included

text: within

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: warbler

text: family

text: Sylviidae

text: Old World warblers are a large group of birds formerly grouped together in the bird family Sylviidae. The family held over 400 species in over 70 genera, and were the source of much taxonomic confusion. Two families were split out initially, the cisticolas into Cisticolidae and the kinglets into Regulidae. In the past ten years they have been the subject of much research and many species are now placed into other families, including the Acrocephalidae, Cettiidae, Phylloscopidae, and Megaluridae. In addition some species have been moved into existing families or have not yet had their placement fully resolved. A smaller family of warblers, together with some babblers formerly placed in the family Timaliidae and the parrotbills, are retained in a much smaller family Sylviidae.

text: Old

text: World

text: warblers

text: are

text: large

text: group

text: of

text: birds

text: formerly

text: grouped

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: bird

text: family

text: Sylviidae

text: The

text: family

text: held

text: over

text: species

text: in

text: over

text: genera

text: and

text: were

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: much

text: taxonomic

text: confusion

text: Two

text: families

text: were

text: split

text: out

text: initially

text: the

text: cisticolas

text: into

text: Cisticolidae

text: and

text: the

text: kinglets

text: into

text: Regulidae

text: In

text: the

text: past

text: ten

text: years

text: they

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: subject

text: of

text: much

text: research

text: and

text: many

text: species

text: are

text: now

text: placed

text: into

text: other

text: families

text: including

text: the

text: Acrocephalidae

text: Cettiidae

text: Phylloscopidae

text: and

text: Megaluridae

text: In

text: addition

text: some

text: species

text: have

text: been

text: moved

text: into

text: existing

text: families

text: or

text: have

text: not

text: yet

text: had

text: their

text: placement

text: fully

text: resolved

text: smaller

text: family

text: of

text: warblers

text: together

text: with

text: some

text: babblers

text: formerly

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Timaliidae

text: and

text: the

text: parrotbills

text: are

text: retained

text: in

text: much

text: smaller

text: family

text: Sylviidae

text: Bradypterus is a genus of small insectivorous songbirds ("warblers") in the newly recognized grass warbler family (Locustellidae). They were formerly placed in the Sylviidae, which at that time was a wastebin taxon for the warbler-like Sylvioidea. The range of this genus extends through the warm regions from Africa around the Indian Ocean and far into Asia.

text: Bradypterus

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: small

text: insectivorous

text: songbirds

text: warblers

text: in

text: the

text: newly

text: recognized

text: grass

text: warbler

text: family

text: Locustellidae

text: They

text: were

text: formerly

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: Sylviidae

text: which

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: was

text: wastebin

text: taxon

text: for

text: the

text: warbler

text: like

text: Sylvioidea

text: The

text: range

text: of

text: this

text: genus

text: extends

text: through

text: the

text: warm

text: regions

text: from

text: Africa

text: around

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: and

text: far

text: into

text: Asia

text: East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it includes China, Hong Kong, and Macao; Mongolia and Taiwan; North and South Korea; and Japan; it covers about , or about 28% of the Asian continent, about twice the area of Europe.

text: East

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: subregion

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: defined

text: in

text: either

text: geographical

text: or

text: ethno

text: cultural

text: terms

text: Geographically

text: and

text: geopolitically

text: it

text: includes

text: China

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macao

text: Mongolia

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: and

text: Japan

text: it

text: covers

text: about

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: about

text: twice

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Europe

question: parent_taxon chinese bush warbler

answer: bradypterus

text: bradypterus

text: bradypterus


text: Major John Simpson VC ( 29 January 1826 -- 27 October 1884 ) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Simpson , 32 years old , was a quartermaster - sergeant in the 42nd Regiment of Foot , British Army , later the Black Watch ( Royal Highlanders ) , during the Indian Mutiny on 15 April 1858 . During the attack on Fort Ruhya , British India , Simpson volunteered to go to an exposed point within 40 yards ( 37 m ) of the parapet of the fort under heavy fire and carried back a lieutenant and a private , both of whom were seriously wounded . Simpson was later commissioned as a quartermaster and in 1878 he transferred to the Militia . In 1881 he was granted the honorary rank of Captain and in 1883 he was promoted Major . His grave and memorial are at Balbeggie Churchyard , St. Martin 's , near Perth , Scotland . His medal is on display in the United States at the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County , in Los Angeles .

text: Major

text: John

text: Simpson

text: VC

text: January

text: October

text: was

text: Scottish

text: recipient

text: of

text: the

text: Victoria

text: Cross

text: the

text: highest

text: and

text: most

text: prestigious

text: award

text: for

text: gallantry

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: enemy

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: awarded

text: to

text: British

text: and

text: Commonwealth

text: forces

text: Simpson

text: years

text: old

text: was

text: quartermaster

text: sergeant

text: in

text: the

text: Regiment

text: of

text: Foot

text: British

text: Army

text: later

text: the

text: Black

text: Watch

text: Royal

text: Highlanders

text: during

text: the

text: Indian

text: Mutiny

text: on

text: April

text: During

text: the

text: attack

text: on

text: Fort

text: Ruhya

text: British

text: India

text: Simpson

text: volunteered

text: to

text: go

text: to

text: an

text: exposed

text: point

text: within

text: yards

text: of

text: the

text: parapet

text: of

text: the

text: fort

text: under

text: heavy

text: fire

text: and

text: carried

text: back

text: lieutenant

text: and

text: private

text: both

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: seriously

text: wounded

text: Simpson

text: was

text: later

text: commissioned

text: as

text: quartermaster

text: and

text: in

text: he

text: transferred

text: to

text: the

text: Militia

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: granted

text: the

text: honorary

text: rank

text: of

text: Captain

text: and

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: promoted

text: Major

text: His

text: grave

text: and

text: memorial

text: are

text: at

text: Balbeggie

text: Churchyard

text: St.

text: Martin

text: 's

text: near

text: Perth

text: Scotland

text: His

text: medal

text: is

text: on

text: display

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: at

text: the

text: Natural

text: History

text: Museum

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest award of the United Kingdom honours system. It is awarded for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" to members of the British armed forces. It may be awarded posthumously. It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries, most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours. It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879. Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857, two thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch. These investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace.

text: The

text: Victoria

text: Cross

text: VC

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: award

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: honours

text: system

text: It

text: is

text: awarded

text: for

text: gallantry

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: enemy

text: to

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: armed

text: forces

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: awarded

text: posthumously

text: It

text: was

text: previously

text: awarded

text: to

text: Commonwealth

text: countries

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: established

text: their

text: own

text: honours

text: systems

text: and

text: no

text: longer

text: recommend

text: British

text: honours

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: awarded

text: to

text: person

text: of

text: any

text: military

text: rank

text: in

text: any

text: service

text: and

text: to

text: civilians

text: under

text: military

text: command

text: although

text: no

text: civilian

text: has

text: received

text: the

text: award

text: since

text: Since

text: the

text: first

text: awards

text: were

text: presented

text: by

text: Queen

text: Victoria

text: in

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: all

text: awards

text: have

text: been

text: personally

text: presented

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: monarch

text: These

text: investitures

text: are

text: usually

text: held

text: at

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: Buckingham Palace is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning.

text: Buckingham

text: Palace

text: is

text: the

text: London

text: residence

text: and

text: administrative

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: reigning

text: monarch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: the

text: palace

text: is

text: often

text: at

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: state

text: occasions

text: and

text: royal

text: hospitality

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: focal

text: point

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: people

text: at

text: times

text: of

text: national

text: rejoicing

text: and

text: mourning

text: Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819  22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of Empress of India.

text: Victoria

text: Alexandrina

text: Victoria

text: May

text: January

text: was

text: Queen

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: from

text: June

text: until

text: her

text: death

text: From

text: May

text: she

text: adopted

text: the

text: additional

text: title

text: of

text: Empress

text: of

text: India

candidates: united kingdom of great britain and ireland

annotations: follows single

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: country_of_citizenship john simpson

answer: united kingdom of great britain and ireland

text: united kingdom of great britain and ireland


text: Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.

text: Ukraine

text: tr

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Poland

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Hungary

text: Romania

text: and

text: Moldova

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southeast

text: respectively

text: Ukraine

text: is

text: currently

text: in

text: territorial

text: dispute

text: with

text: Russia

text: over

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: which

text: Russia

text: annexed

text: in

text: but

text: which

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: recognise

text: as

text: Ukrainian

text: Including

text: Crimea

text: Ukraine

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: entirely

text: within

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Grodno or Hrodna ("Hrodna"   see also other names) is a city in western Belarus. It is located on the Neman close to the borders of Poland and Lithuania (about and away respectively). It has 365,610 inhabitants (2016 census). It is the capital of Grodno Region and Grodno District.

text: Grodno

text: or

text: Hrodna

text: Hrodna

text: see

text: also

text: other

text: names

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: western

text: Belarus

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Neman

text: close

text: to

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: Poland

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: about

text: and

text: away

text: respectively

text: It

text: has

text: inhabitants

text: census

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Grodno

text: Region

text: and

text: Grodno

text: District

text: Minsk Region or Minsk Voblas or Minsk Oblast ("Minskaja voblas"  "Minskaja oblastj") is one of the regions of Belarus. Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus. As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500.

text: Minsk

text: Region

text: or

text: Minsk

text: Voblas

text: or

text: Minsk

text: Oblast

text: Minskaja

text: voblas

text: Minskaja

text: oblastj

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: regions

text: of

text: Belarus

text: Its

text: administrative

text: center

text: is

text: Minsk

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: separate

text: administrative

text: territorial

text: entity

text: of

text: Belarus

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: population

text: is

text: Vawkavysk ( Belarusian :  , Yiddish :   , Polish : Wokowysk ; names in other languages ) is one of the oldest towns in southwestern Belarus and the capital of the Vawkavysk district . It is located on the Wokowyja River , roughly 98 kilometres ( 61 mi ) from Grodno and 271 kilometres ( 168 mi ) from Minsk . Its population is estimated at 43,826 inhabitants . Vawkavysk was first unofficially mentioned in the Turov Annals in 1005 and this year is widely accepted as the founding year for Vawkavysk . At that time Volkovysk was a city - fortress on the border of the Baltic and the Slavic ethnic groups . Since 12th century , Volkovysk was the center of a small princedom . The Hypatian Chronicle mentions the city in 1252 .

text: Vawkavysk

text: Belarusian

text: Yiddish

text: Polish

text: Wokowysk

text: names

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: towns

text: in

text: southwestern

text: Belarus

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Vawkavysk

text: district

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Wokowyja

text: River

text: roughly

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: from

text: Grodno

text: and

text: kilometres

text: mi

text: from

text: Minsk

text: Its

text: population

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

text: inhabitants

text: Vawkavysk

text: was

text: first

text: unofficially

text: mentioned

text: in

text: the

text: Turov

text: Annals

text: in

text: and

text: this

text: year

text: is

text: widely

text: accepted

text: as

text: the

text: founding

text: year

text: for

text: Vawkavysk

text: At

text: that

text: time

text: Volkovysk

text: was

text: city

text: fortress

text: on

text: the

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: and

text: the

text: Slavic

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: Since

text: century

text: Volkovysk

text: was

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: small

text: princedom

text: The

text: Hypatian

text: Chronicle

text: mentions

text: the

text: city

text: in

text: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state from the 13th century until 1795. The state was founded by the Lithuanians, one of the polytheistic Baltic tribes from Aukštaitija.

text: The

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: was

text: European

text: state

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: until

text: The

text: state

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Lithuanians

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: polytheistic

text: Baltic

text: tribes

text: from

text: Aukštaitija

text: Polotsk or Polatsk is a historical city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina River. It is the center of the Polatsk Raion in Vitebsk Voblast. Its population is more than 80,000 people. It is served by Polotsk Airport and during the Cold War was home to Borovitsy air base.

text: Polotsk

text: or

text: Polatsk

text: is

text: historical

text: city

text: in

text: Belarus

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: Dvina

text: River

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Polatsk

text: Raion

text: in

text: Vitebsk

text: Voblast

text: Its

text: population

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: served

text: by

text: Polotsk

text: Airport

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: was

text: home

text: to

text: Borovitsy

text: air

text: base

text: The PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation, of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania. It was one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th- and 17th-century Europe. At its peak in the early 17th century, the Commonwealth spanned some and sustained a multi-ethnic population of 11 million. The union was formalized by the Union of Lublin in July 1569, but the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were in a de-facto personal union since 1386 with the marriage of the Polish queen Hedwig and Lithuania's Grand Duke Jogaila, who was crowned King "jure uxoris" Wadysaw II Jagieo of Poland. The First Partition of Poland in 1772 and the Second Partition of Poland in 1793 greatly reduced the nation's size and the Commonwealth disappeared as an independent state following the Third Partition of Poland in 1795.

text: The

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: formally

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: after

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Poland

text: was

text: dualistic

text: state

text: bi

text: confederation

text: of

text: Poland

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: ruled

text: by

text: common

text: monarch

text: who

text: was

text: both

text: the

text: King

text: of

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duke

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: countries

text: of

text: and

text: century

text: Europe

text: At

text: its

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: spanned

text: some

text: and

text: sustained

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: The

text: union

text: was

text: formalized

text: by

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Lublin

text: in

text: July

text: but

text: the

text: Crown

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Poland

text: and

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: were

text: in

text: de

text: facto

text: personal

text: union

text: since

text: with

text: the

text: marriage

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: queen

text: Hedwig

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: 's

text: Grand

text: Duke

text: Jogaila

text: who

text: was

text: crowned

text: King

text: jure

text: uxoris

text: Wadysaw

text: II

text: Jagieo

text: of

text: Poland

text: The

text: First

text: Partition

text: of

text: Poland

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Second

text: Partition

text: of

text: Poland

text: in

text: greatly

text: reduced

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: size

text: and

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: disappeared

text: as

text: an

text: independent

text: state

text: following

text: the

text: Third

text: Partition

text: of

text: Poland

text: in

text: Minsk (; is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Nyamiha rivers. It is the administrative centre of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). As the national capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administrative centre of Minsk Region (voblast) and Minsk raion (district). In 2013, it had a population of 2,002,600.

text: Minsk

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Belarus

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: Svislach

text: and

text: Nyamiha

text: rivers

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Independent

text: States

text: CIS

text: As

text: the

text: national

text: capital

text: Minsk

text: has

text: special

text: administrative

text: status

text: in

text: Belarus

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: Minsk

text: Region

text: voblast

text: and

text: Minsk

text: raion

text: district

text: In

text: it

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, one of the three Baltic states. It is bordered by Estonia to the north, Lithuania to the south, Russia to the east, and Belarus to the southeast, as well as a maritime border to the west alongside Sweden. Latvia has 1,957,200 inhabitants and a territory of . The country has a temperate seasonal climate.

text: Latvia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Latvia

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: region

text: of

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Baltic

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Estonia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: maritime

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: alongside

text: Sweden

text: Latvia

text: has

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: territory

text: of

text: The

text: country

text: has

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), also called the Russian Commonwealth (to distinguish it from the British Commonwealth of Nations), is a regional organization formed during the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Nine out of the 15 former Soviet Republics are member states, and two are associate members (Ukraine and Turkmenistan). Georgia withdrew its membership in 2008, while the Baltic states (Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia) refused to participate.

text: The

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Independent

text: States

text: CIS

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Russian

text: Commonwealth

text: to

text: distinguish

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: is

text: regional

text: organization

text: formed

text: during

text: the

text: dissolution

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Nine

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Soviet

text: Republics

text: are

text: member

text: states

text: and

text: two

text: are

text: associate

text: members

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Turkmenistan

text: Georgia

text: withdrew

text: its

text: membership

text: in

text: while

text: the

text: Baltic

text: states

text: Estonia

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Latvia

text: refused

text: to

text: participate

text: Russia, also officially known as the Russian Empire, was a state that existed from 1721 until it was overthrown by the short-lived liberal February Revolution in 1917. One of the largest empires in world history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. The rise of the Russian Empire happened in association with the decline of neighboring rival powers: the Swedish Empire, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, Persia and the Ottoman Empire. It played a major role in 181214 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe, and expanded to the west and south.

text: Russia

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: was

text: state

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: overthrown

text: by

text: the

text: short

text: lived

text: liberal

text: February

text: Revolution

text: in

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: empires

text: in

text: world

text: history

text: stretching

text: over

text: three

text: continents

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: was

text: surpassed

text: in

text: landmass

text: only

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: and

text: Mongol

text: empires

text: The

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: happened

text: in

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: decline

text: of

text: neighboring

text: rival

text: powers

text: the

text: Swedish

text: Empire

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: Persia

text: and

text: the

text: Ottoman

text: Empire

text: It

text: played

text: major

text: role

text: in

text: in

text: defeating

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: ambitions

text: to

text: control

text: Europe

text: and

text: expanded

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.

text: Belarus

text: lat

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Belarus

text: formerly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Russian

text: name

text: Byelorussia

text: though

text: this

text: name

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: used

text: in

text: Belarus

text: itself

text: even

text: in

text: Russian

text: language

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Minsk

text: Over

text: of

text: its

text: is

text: forested

text: Its

text: strongest

text: economic

text: sectors

text: are

text: service

text: industries

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: different

text: states

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: controlled

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Belarus

text: including

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: to

text: centuries

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: The Principality of Polotsk, also known as the Kingdom of Polotsk or the Duchy of Polotsk, was a medieval principality of the Early East Slavs. The origin and date of state establishment is uncertain. The Russian chronicles mention Polotsk being conquered by Vladimir the Great, and thereafter it became associated with the Rurik dynasty and Kievan Rus'.

text: The

text: Principality

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: or

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: was

text: medieval

text: principality

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: East

text: Slavs

text: The

text: origin

text: and

text: date

text: of

text: state

text: establishment

text: is

text: uncertain

text: The

text: Russian

text: chronicles

text: mention

text: Polotsk

text: being

text: conquered

text: by

text: Vladimir

text: the

text: Great

text: and

text: thereafter

text: it

text: became

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: Rurik

text: dynasty

text: and

text: Kievan

text: Rus

text: Eastern Europe, also known as East Europe, is the eastern part of the European continent. There is no consensus on the precise area it covers, partly because the term has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic connotations. There are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". A related United Nations paper adds that "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct".

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: East

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: consensus

text: on

text: the

text: precise

text: area

text: it

text: covers

text: partly

text: because

text: the

text: term

text: has

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: geopolitical

text: geographical

text: cultural

text: and

text: socioeconomic

text: connotations

text: There

text: are

text: almost

text: as

text: many

text: definitions

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: as

text: there

text: are

text: scholars

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: related

text: United

text: Nations

text: paper

text: adds

text: that

text: every

text: assessment

text: of

text: spatial

text: identities

text: is

text: essentially

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: construct

text: Grodno/Hrodna Region ("Hrodzienskaja vobas"  "Grodnenskaya oblast") is one of the regions of Belarus. It is located in the northwestern part of the country.

text: Grodno

text: Hrodna

text: Region

text: Hrodzienskaja

text: vobas

text: Grodnenskaya

text: oblast

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: regions

text: of

text: Belarus

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northwestern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Grodno District or Hrodna District is a district (raion) of Grodno Region of Belarus.

text: Grodno

text: District

text: or

text: Hrodna

text: District

text: is

text: district

text: raion

text: of

text: Grodno

text: Region

text: of

text: Belarus

text: A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 48 such countries, including four partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World).

text: landlocked

text: state

text: or

text: landlocked

text: country

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: entirely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: or

text: whose

text: only

text: coastlines

text: lie

text: on

text: closed

text: seas

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: such

text: countries

text: including

text: four

text: partially

text: recognised

text: states

text: Only

text: two

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Paraguay

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: A raion (also rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states (such as part of an oblast). The term is from the French ""rayon"" (meaning "honeycomb, department"), which is both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district".

text: raion

text: also

text: rayon

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: administrative

text: unit

text: of

text: several

text: post

text: Soviet

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: an

text: oblast

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: French

text: rayon

text: meaning

text: honeycomb

text: department

text: which

text: is

text: both

text: type

text: of

text: subnational

text: entity

text: and

text: division

text: of

text: city

text: and

text: is

text: commonly

text: translated

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: district

text: Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.

text: Poland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Sudetes

text: and

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: Poland

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Poland

text: is

text: unitary

text: state

text: divided

text: into

text: administrative

text: subdivisions

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Warsaw

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Kraków

text: Wrocaw

text: Pozna

text: Gdask

text: and

text: Szczecin

text: Vakavysk District is a district (rajon) in Grodno Region of Belarus.

text: Vakavysk

text: District

text: is

text: district

text: rajon

text: in

text: Grodno

text: Region

text: of

text: Belarus

text: Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.

text: Lithuania

text: UK

text: and

text: US

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Baltic

text: states

text: it

text: is

text: situated

text: along

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Denmark

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Lithuania

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Vilnius

text: Lithuanians

text: are

text: Baltic

text: people

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: Lithuanian

text: along

text: with

text: Latvian

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: two

text: living

text: languages

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: language

text: family

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity vawkavysk

answer: grodno region

text: grodno region

text: grodno region

text: grodno region


text: A lawyer is a person who practices law, as an advocate, barrister, attorney, counselor or solicitor or chartered legal executive. Working as a lawyer involves the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individualized problems, or to advance the interests of those who hire lawyers to perform legal services.

text: lawyer

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: practices

text: law

text: as

text: an

text: advocate

text: barrister

text: attorney

text: counselor

text: or

text: solicitor

text: or

text: chartered

text: legal

text: executive

text: Working

text: as

text: lawyer

text: involves

text: the

text: practical

text: application

text: of

text: abstract

text: legal

text: theories

text: and

text: knowledge

text: to

text: solve

text: specific

text: individualized

text: problems

text: or

text: to

text: advance

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: those

text: who

text: hire

text: lawyers

text: to

text: perform

text: legal

text: services

text: Charles Quinton "Charlie" Murphy (born July 12, 1959) is an American actor, comedian, voice artist, and writer. He is the older brother of Eddie Murphy. He is most notable as being a writer and cast member of the Comedy Central sketch-comedy series "Chappelle's Show".

text: Charles

text: Quinton

text: Charlie

text: Murphy

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: comedian

text: voice

text: artist

text: and

text: writer

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: older

text: brother

text: of

text: Eddie

text: Murphy

text: He

text: is

text: most

text: notable

text: as

text: being

text: writer

text: and

text: cast

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Comedy

text: Central

text: sketch

text: comedy

text: series

text: Chappelle

text: 's

text: Show

text:
Cable television is a system of delivering television programming to paying subscribers via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables or, in the 2010s, light pulses through fiber-optic cables. This contrasts with broadcast television, in which the television signal is transmitted over the air by radio waves and received by a television antenna attached to the television. FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone services, and similar non-television services may also be provided through these cables.
Analog television was standard in the 20th century, but since the 2000s, cable systems have been upgraded to digital cable operation.

text: Cable

text: television

text: is

text: system

text: of

text: delivering

text: television

text: programming

text: to

text: paying

text: subscribers

text: via

text: radio

text: frequency

text: RF

text: signals

text: transmitted

text: through

text: coaxial

text: cables

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: pulses

text: through

text: fiber

text: optic

text: cables

text: This

text: contrasts

text: with

text: broadcast

text: television

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: television

text: signal

text: is

text: transmitted

text: over

text: the

text: air

text: by

text: radio

text: waves

text: and

text: received

text: by

text: television

text: antenna

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: television

text: FM

text: radio

text: programming

text: high

text: speed

text: Internet

text: telephone

text: services

text: and

text: similar

text: non

text: television

text: services

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: provided

text: through

text: these

text: cables

text: Analog

text: television

text: was

text: standard

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: but

text: since

text: the

text: cable

text: systems

text: have

text: been

text: upgraded

text: to

text: digital

text: cable

text: operation

text: A barrister (also known as barrister-at-law or bar-at-law) is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions who works at higher levels of court. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching the philosophy, hypothesis and history of law, and giving expert legal opinions. Often, barristers are also recognised as "legal scholars".

text: barrister

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: barrister

text: at

text: law

text: or

text: bar

text: at

text: law

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: lawyer

text: in

text: common

text: law

text: jurisdictions

text: who

text: works

text: at

text: higher

text: levels

text: of

text: court

text: Barristers

text: mostly

text: specialise

text: in

text: courtroom

text: advocacy

text: and

text: litigation

text: Their

text: tasks

text: include

text: taking

text: cases

text: in

text: superior

text: courts

text: and

text: tribunals

text: drafting

text: legal

text: pleadings

text: researching

text: the

text: philosophy

text: hypothesis

text: and

text: history

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: giving

text: expert

text: legal

text: opinions

text: Often

text: barristers

text: are

text: also

text: recognised

text: as

text: legal

text: scholars

text: An advocate is a type of professional person in several different legal systems and it is also a commonly used "honorific" for remarkable lawyers, such as in "Adv. Sir Alberico Gentili". The broad equivalent in many English law-based jurisdictions can be a "barrister". However, in Scottish, South African, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Scandinavian, Polish, South Asian and South American jurisdictions, advocate is also a word to indicate lawyers of superior classification.

text: An

text: advocate

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: professional

text: person

text: in

text: several

text: different

text: legal

text: systems

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: commonly

text: used

text: honorific

text: for

text: remarkable

text: lawyers

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: Adv

text: Sir

text: Alberico

text: Gentili

text: The

text: broad

text: equivalent

text: in

text: many

text: English

text: law

text: based

text: jurisdictions

text: can

text: be

text: barrister

text: However

text: in

text: Scottish

text: South

text: African

text: Italian

text: French

text: Spanish

text: Portuguese

text: Scandinavian

text: Polish

text: South

text: Asian

text: and

text: South

text: American

text: jurisdictions

text: advocate

text: is

text: also

text: word

text: to

text: indicate

text: lawyers

text: of

text: superior

text: classification

text: We Got to Do Better , originally titled Hot Ghetto Mess , is an American television series on Black Entertainment Television . The show is based on the cult website hotghettomess.com , which satirizes aspects of the African - American working class . Jam Donaldson , creator of the website and lawyer , is the show 's executive producer . Charlie Murphy , known for his role on Chappelle 's Show , is the show 's host . The show 's content has been described as `` combin ( ing ) viewer - submitted home videos and BET - produced man - on - the - street interviews that the channel said are intended to challenge and inspire ' viewers to improve themselves and their communities . ' '' Although Donaldson has said of Hotghettomess.com that `` My mission with this site is to usher in a new era of self - examination '' , the site has been described as merely an expansive gallery of the worst of hip hop culture . However , BET programming director Reginald Hudlin insisted that the show was not a direct translation of the website , and the show was billed by BET as a tongue - in - cheek social examination of black culture . The show has experienced controversy due to its negative portrayals of African Americans , causing a name change . Despite the name change , it was reported that at least two sponsors withdrew from the show as a result of the surrounding controversy .

text: We

text: Got

text: to

text: Do

text: Better

text: originally

text: titled

text: Hot

text: Ghetto

text: Mess

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: series

text: on

text: Black

text: Entertainment

text: Television

text: The

text: show

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: cult

text: website

text: hotghettomess.com

text: which

text: satirizes

text: aspects

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: working

text: class

text: Jam

text: Donaldson

text: creator

text: of

text: the

text: website

text: and

text: lawyer

text: is

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: executive

text: producer

text: Charlie

text: Murphy

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: on

text: Chappelle

text: 's

text: Show

text: is

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: host

text: The

text: show

text: 's

text: content

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: combin

text: ing

text: viewer

text: submitted

text: home

text: videos

text: and

text: BET

text: produced

text: man

text: on

text: the

text: street

text: interviews

text: that

text: the

text: channel

text: said

text: are

text: intended

text: to

text: challenge

text: and

text: inspire

text: viewers

text: to

text: improve

text: themselves

text: and

text: their

text: communities

text: Although

text: Donaldson

text: has

text: said

text: of

text: Hotghettomess.com

text: that

text: My

text: mission

text: with

text: this

text: site

text: is

text: to

text: usher

text: in

text: new

text: era

text: of

text: self

text: examination

text: the

text: site

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: merely

text: an

text: expansive

text: gallery

text: of

text: the

text: worst

text: of

text: hip

text: hop

text: culture

text: However

text: BET

text: programming

text: director

text: Reginald

text: Hudlin

text: insisted

text: that

text: the

text: show

text: was

text: not

text: direct

text: translation

text: of

text: the

text: website

text: and

text: the

text: show

text: was

text: billed

text: by

text: BET

text: as

text: tongue

text: in

text: cheek

text: social

text: examination

text: of

text: black

text: culture

text: The

text: show

text: has

text: experienced

text: controversy

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: negative

text: portrayals

text: of

text: African

text: Americans

text: causing

text: name

text: change

text: Despite

text: the

text: name

text: change

text: it

text: was

text: reported

text: that

text: at

text: least

text: two

text: sponsors

text: withdrew

text: from

text: the

text: show

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: controversy

text: Neal Brennan (born October 19, 1973) is an American stand-up comedian, writer, actor, director and producer.

text: Neal

text: Brennan

text: born

text: October

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: stand

text: up

text: comedian

text: writer

text: actor

text: director

text: and

text: producer

text: Sketch comedy comprises a series of short comedy scenes or vignettes, called "sketches", commonly between one and ten minutes long. Such sketches are performed by a group of comic actors or comedians, either on stage or through an audio or visual medium such as radio and television. Often sketches are first improvised by the actors and written down based on the outcome of these improv sessions; however, such improvisation is not necessarily involved in sketch comedy.

text: Sketch

text: comedy

text: comprises

text: series

text: of

text: short

text: comedy

text: scenes

text: or

text: vignettes

text: called

text: sketches

text: commonly

text: between

text: one

text: and

text: ten

text: minutes

text: long

text: Such

text: sketches

text: are

text: performed

text: by

text: group

text: of

text: comic

text: actors

text: or

text: comedians

text: either

text: on

text: stage

text: or

text: through

text: an

text: audio

text: or

text: visual

text: medium

text: such

text: as

text: radio

text: and

text: television

text: Often

text: sketches

text: are

text: first

text: improvised

text: by

text: the

text: actors

text: and

text: written

text: down

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: outcome

text: of

text: these

text: improv

text: sessions

text: however

text: such

text: improvisation

text: is

text: not

text: necessarily

text: involved

text: in

text: sketch

text: comedy

text: Comedy Central is an American basic cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Global Entertainment Group, a unit of the Viacom Media Networks division of Viacom. The channel carries comedy programming, in the form of both original and syndicated series and stand-up comedy specials, as well as feature films.

text: Comedy

text: Central

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: basic

text: cable

text: and

text: satellite

text: television

text: channel

text: owned

text: by

text: Viacom

text: Global

text: Entertainment

text: Group

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: Viacom

text: Media

text: Networks

text: division

text: of

text: Viacom

text: The

text: channel

text: carries

text: comedy

text: programming

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: both

text: original

text: and

text: syndicated

text: series

text: and

text: stand

text: up

text: comedy

text: specials

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: feature

text: films

text: Edward Regan "Eddie" Murphy (born April 3, 1961) is an American comedian, actor, writer, singer, and producer.

text: Edward

text: Regan

text: Eddie

text: Murphy

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: comedian

text: actor

text: writer

text: singer

text: and

text: producer

text: A counsel or a counsellor at law is a person who gives advice and deals with various issues, particularly in legal matters. It is a title often used interchangeably with the title of "lawyer".

text: counsel

text: or

text: counsellor

text: at

text: law

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: gives

text: advice

text: and

text: deals

text: with

text: various

text: issues

text: particularly

text: in

text: legal

text: matters

text: It

text: is

text: title

text: often

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: with

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: lawyer

text: Chappelle's Show is an American sketch comedy television series created by comedians Dave Chappelle and Neal Brennan, with Chappelle hosting the show as well as starring in the majority of its sketches. Chappelle, Brennan and Michele Armour were the show's executive producers. The series premiered on January 22, 2003, on the American cable television network Comedy Central. The show ran for two complete seasons and a third, truncated season (dubbed "The Lost Episodes").

text: Chappelle

text: 's

text: Show

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: sketch

text: comedy

text: television

text: series

text: created

text: by

text: comedians

text: Dave

text: Chappelle

text: and

text: Neal

text: Brennan

text: with

text: Chappelle

text: hosting

text: the

text: show

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: starring

text: in

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: sketches

text: Chappelle

text: Brennan

text: and

text: Michele

text: Armour

text: were

text: the

text: show

text: 's

text: executive

text: producers

text: The

text: series

text: premiered

text: on

text: January

text: on

text: the

text: American

text: cable

text: television

text: network

text: Comedy

text: Central

text: The

text: show

text: ran

text: for

text: two

text: complete

text: seasons

text: and

text: third

text: truncated

text: season

text: dubbed

text: The

text: Lost

text: Episodes

text: David Khari "Dave" Webber Chappelle (born August 24, 1973) is an American stand-up comedian, screenwriter, producer, and actor. After beginning his film career in 1993 as Ahchoo in Mel Brooks' "", he landed supporting roles in box office hits including "The Nutty Professor", "Con Air", and "Blue Streak". His first lead role was in the 1998 comedy film "Half Baked", which he co-wrote with Neal Brennan.

text: David

text: Khari

text: Dave

text: Webber

text: Chappelle

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: stand

text: up

text: comedian

text: screenwriter

text: producer

text: and

text: actor

text: After

text: beginning

text: his

text: film

text: career

text: in

text: as

text: Ahchoo

text: in

text: Mel

text: Brooks

text: he

text: landed

text: supporting

text: roles

text: in

text: box

text: office

text: hits

text: including

text: The

text: Nutty

text: Professor

text: Con

text: Air

text: and

text: Blue

text: Streak

text: His

text: first

text: lead

text: role

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: comedy

text: film

text: Half

text: Baked

text: which

text: he

text: co

text: wrote

text: with

text: Neal

text: Brennan

annotations: likely single

question: genre we got to do better

answer: comedy

text: comedy

text: comedy

text: comedy

text: comedy

text: comedy

text: comedy

text: comedy

text: comedy

text: comedy

text: comedy

text: comedy