text: The Berlin Wall was a barrier that divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989. Constructed by the German Democratic Republic (GDR, East Germany), starting on 13 August 1961, the Wall completely cut off (by land) West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin until government officials opened it in November 1989. Its demolition officially began on 13 June 1990 and was completed in 1992. The barrier included guard towers placed along large concrete walls, which circumscribed a wide area (later known as the "death strip") that contained anti-vehicle trenches, "fakir beds" and other defenses. The Eastern Bloc claimed that the Wall was erected to protect its population from fascist elements conspiring to prevent the "will of the people" in building a socialist state in East Germany. In practice, the Wall served to prevent the massive emigration and defection that had marked East Germany and the communist Eastern Bloc during the post-World War II period.

text: The

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: was

text: barrier

text: that

text: divided

text: Berlin

text: from

text: to

text: Constructed

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: GDR

text: East

text: Germany

text: starting

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: Wall

text: completely

text: cut

text: off

text: by

text: land

text: West

text: Berlin

text: from

text: surrounding

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: from

text: East

text: Berlin

text: until

text: government

text: officials

text: opened

text: it

text: in

text: November

text: Its

text: demolition

text: officially

text: began

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: was

text: completed

text: in

text: The

text: barrier

text: included

text: guard

text: towers

text: placed

text: along

text: large

text: concrete

text: walls

text: which

text: circumscribed

text: wide

text: area

text: later

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: death

text: strip

text: that

text: contained

text: anti

text: vehicle

text: trenches

text: fakir

text: beds

text: and

text: other

text: defenses

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: claimed

text: that

text: the

text: Wall

text: was

text: erected

text: to

text: protect

text: its

text: population

text: from

text: fascist

text: elements

text: conspiring

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: will

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: in

text: building

text: socialist

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Germany

text: In

text: practice

text: the

text: Wall

text: served

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: massive

text: emigration

text: and

text: defection

text: that

text: had

text: marked

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: communist

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: during

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: period

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: The OderNeisse line is the international border between Germany and Poland. It was drawn at the Potsdam Conference in the aftermath of the Second World War and is primarily delineated along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers in Central Europe, meeting the Baltic Sea to the north, just west of the Polish seaports of Szczecin and winoujcie (German: "Stettin" and "Swinemünde"). All prewar German territory east of the line and within the 1937 German boundaries (23.8% of the former Weimar Republic) were placed under International Law Administrative status, with most of it being made part of newly-Communist Poland. The small remainder, consisting of the territory surrounding the German city of Königsberg (now renamed Kaliningrad, in honour of Soviet head of state Mikhail Kalinin) in northern East Prussia, was allocated to the Soviet Union (as Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian SFSR, today the Russian Federation) after the war (pending the final World War II peace treaty for Germany). The vast majority of the native German population in these territories fled, or was killed or expelled by force. The OderNeisse line marked the border between the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and Poland from 1950 to 1990. East Germany confirmed the border with Poland in 1950, while West Germany, after a period of refusal, finally accepted the border (with reservations) in 1970. In 1990 the newly reunified Germany and the Republic of Poland signed a treaty recognizing it as their border.

text: The

text: OderNeisse

text: line

text: is

text: the

text: international

text: border

text: between

text: Germany

text: and

text: Poland

text: It

text: was

text: drawn

text: at

text: the

text: Potsdam

text: Conference

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: is

text: primarily

text: delineated

text: along

text: the

text: Oder

text: and

text: Lusatian

text: Neisse

text: rivers

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: meeting

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: just

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: seaports

text: of

text: Szczecin

text: and

text: winoujcie

text: German

text: Stettin

text: and

text: Swinemünde

text: All

text: prewar

text: German

text: territory

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: German

text: boundaries

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: were

text: placed

text: under

text: International

text: Law

text: Administrative

text: status

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: it

text: being

text: made

text: part

text: of

text: newly

text: Communist

text: Poland

text: The

text: small

text: remainder

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: surrounding

text: the

text: German

text: city

text: of

text: Königsberg

text: now

text: renamed

text: Kaliningrad

text: in

text: honour

text: of

text: Soviet

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: Mikhail

text: Kalinin

text: in

text: northern

text: East

text: Prussia

text: was

text: allocated

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: as

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: today

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: pending

text: the

text: final

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: peace

text: treaty

text: for

text: Germany

text: The

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: native

text: German

text: population

text: in

text: these

text: territories

text: fled

text: or

text: was

text: killed

text: or

text: expelled

text: by

text: force

text: The

text: OderNeisse

text: line

text: marked

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: Poland

text: from

text: to

text: East

text: Germany

text: confirmed

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Poland

text: in

text: while

text: West

text: Germany

text: after

text: period

text: of

text: refusal

text: finally

text: accepted

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: reservations

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: newly

text: reunified

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: signed

text: treaty

text: recognizing

text: it

text: as

text: their

text: border

text:
East Germany, formally the German Democratic Republic or GDR, was an Eastern Bloc state during the Cold War period. From 1949 to 1990, it administered the region of Germany that was occupied by Soviet forces at the end of World War IIthe Soviet Occupation Zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the OderNeisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin, but did not include it; as a result, West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR.
The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet Zone, while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones. East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948, and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949. Soviet forces, however, remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Until 1989, the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party (SED), though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation, the National Front of Democratic Germany.

text: East

text: Germany

text: formally

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: or

text: GDR

text: was

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: state

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: period

text: From

text: to

text: it

text: administered

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Germany

text: that

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: IIthe

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

text: of

text: the

text: Potsdam

text: Agreement

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: OderNeisse

text: line

text: The

text: Soviet

text: zone

text: surrounded

text: West

text: Berlin

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: it

text: as

text: result

text: West

text: Berlin

text: remained

text: outside

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: GDR

text: The

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Zone

text: while

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: western

text: zones

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: satellite

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Soviet

text: occupation

text: authorities

text: began

text: transferring

text: administrative

text: responsibility

text: to

text: German

text: communist

text: leaders

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: GDR

text: began

text: to

text: function

text: as

text: state

text: on

text: October

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: however

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: throughout

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: Until

text: the

text: GDR

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Unity

text: Party

text: SED

text: though

text: other

text: parties

text: nominally

text: participated

text: in

text: its

text: alliance

text: organisation

text: the

text: National

text: Front

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Germany

text: The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period (the second half of the 20th century) between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine (a U.S. policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism) was announced, and 1991, the year the Soviet Union collapsed.

text: The

text: Cold

text: War

text: was

text: state

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: tension

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: between

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: its

text: satellite

text: states

text: and

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Bloc

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: its

text: NATO

text: allies

text: and

text: others

text: Historians

text: do

text: not

text: fully

text: agree

text: on

text: the

text: dates

text: but

text: common

text: timeframe

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: between

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Truman

text: Doctrine

text: U.S.

text: policy

text: pledging

text: to

text: aid

text: nations

text: threatened

text: by

text: Soviet

text: expansionism

text: was

text: announced

text: and

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: collapsed

text: The Potsdam Agreement was the agreement between three of the Allies of World War II, United Kingdom, United States, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, for the military occupation and reconstruction of Germanyreferring to the German Reich with its pre-war 1937 borders including the former eastern territoriesand the entire European theatre of War territory. It also included Germany's demilitarisation, reparations and the prosecution of war criminals.

text: The

text: Potsdam

text: Agreement

text: was

text: the

text: agreement

text: between

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: Allies

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: United

text: States

text: Union

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republics

text: for

text: the

text: military

text: occupation

text: and

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: Germanyreferring

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: Reich

text: with

text: its

text: pre

text: war

text: borders

text: including

text: the

text: former

text: eastern

text: territoriesand

text: the

text: entire

text: European

text: theatre

text: of

text: War

text: territory

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: Germany

text: 's

text: demilitarisation

text: reparations

text: and

text: the

text: prosecution

text: of

text: war

text: criminals

text: The Sportvereinigung Dynamo ( German : Sportvereinigung Dynamo ) ( Dynamo Sports Association ) was the sport organization of the security agencies ( Volkspolizei , Ministry for State Security and customs ) of former East Germany . The sports club was founded on 27 March 1953 and was headquartered in Hohenschönhausen in East Berlin . From the date of its inception until 23 November 1989 the president of the SV Dynamo was Erich Mielke , who was also the Minister of State Security . Dynamo was created in accordance with the multi-sports club model developed in the Soviet Union and adopted throughout Eastern Europe . From the beginning it had an overtly political as well as sporting agenda and its many successes were always portrayed as a triumph of the GDR state . During the German reunification in 1989 the SV Dynamo was liquidated . At its height the association had a membership of over 280,000 active members . Athletes of the association enjoyed considerable success both in national and international competitions , winning for example more than 200 olympic medals . After the German reunification the systematic doping of Dynamo athletes from 1971 until 1989 was revealed in German media reports . The systematic doping of athletes was done under the supervision of the Staatssicherheit and with full backing of the government .

text: The

text: Sportvereinigung

text: Dynamo

text: German

text: Sportvereinigung

text: Dynamo

text: Dynamo

text: Sports

text: Association

text: was

text: the

text: sport

text: organization

text: of

text: the

text: security

text: agencies

text: Volkspolizei

text: Ministry

text: for

text: State

text: Security

text: and

text: customs

text: of

text: former

text: East

text: Germany

text: The

text: sports

text: club

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: March

text: and

text: was

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Hohenschönhausen

text: in

text: East

text: Berlin

text: From

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: its

text: inception

text: until

text: November

text: the

text: president

text: of

text: the

text: SV

text: Dynamo

text: was

text: Erich

text: Mielke

text: who

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: Minister

text: of

text: State

text: Security

text: Dynamo

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: accordance

text: with

text: the

text: multi

text: sports

text: club

text: model

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: adopted

text: throughout

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: From

text: the

text: beginning

text: it

text: had

text: an

text: overtly

text: political

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: sporting

text: agenda

text: and

text: its

text: many

text: successes

text: were

text: always

text: portrayed

text: as

text: triumph

text: of

text: the

text: GDR

text: state

text: During

text: the

text: German

text: reunification

text: in

text: the

text: SV

text: Dynamo

text: was

text: liquidated

text: At

text: its

text: height

text: the

text: association

text: had

text: membership

text: of

text: over

text: active

text: members

text: Athletes

text: of

text: the

text: association

text: enjoyed

text: considerable

text: success

text: both

text: in

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: competitions

text: winning

text: for

text: example

text: more

text: than

text: olympic

text: medals

text: After

text: the

text: German

text: reunification

text: the

text: systematic

text: doping

text: of

text: Dynamo

text: athletes

text: from

text: until

text: was

text: revealed

text: in

text: German

text: media

text: reports

text: The

text: systematic

text: doping

text: of

text: athletes

text: was

text: done

text: under

text: the

text: supervision

text: of

text: the

text: Staatssicherheit

text: and

text: with

text: full

text: backing

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: West Berlin was a city that existed in the period between the end of the Berlin Blockade on 12 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990 as a political enclave surrounded by East Berlin and East Germany. It was east of the Inner German border and only accessible by land from West Germany by narrow rail and highway corridors. It consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors established in 1945 and shared economic, political, legal, and sporting systems with West Germany, but was not "de jure" part of it. It had a special and unique legal status because its administration was formally conducted by the Western Allies. East Berlin, "de jure" occupied and administered by the Soviet Union, was the "de facto" capital of East Germany. The Berlin Wall, built in 1961, physically divided East and West Berlin until it fell in 1989.

text: West

text: Berlin

text: was

text: city

text: that

text: existed

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Blockade

text: on

text: May

text: to

text: German

text: reunification

text: on

text: October

text: as

text: political

text: enclave

text: surrounded

text: by

text: East

text: Berlin

text: and

text: East

text: Germany

text: It

text: was

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Inner

text: German

text: border

text: and

text: only

text: accessible

text: by

text: land

text: from

text: West

text: Germany

text: by

text: narrow

text: rail

text: and

text: highway

text: corridors

text: It

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: occupation

text: sectors

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: shared

text: economic

text: political

text: legal

text: and

text: sporting

text: systems

text: with

text: West

text: Germany

text: but

text: was

text: not

text: de

text: jure

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: It

text: had

text: special

text: and

text: unique

text: legal

text: status

text: because

text: its

text: administration

text: was

text: formally

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Allies

text: East

text: Berlin

text: de

text: jure

text: occupied

text: and

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: capital

text: of

text: East

text: Germany

text: The

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: built

text: in

text: physically

text: divided

text: East

text: and

text: West

text: Berlin

text: until

text: it

text: fell

text: in

text: Erich Fritz Emil Mielke (28 December 1907  21 May 2000) was a German communist official who served as head of the East German Ministry for State Security ("Ministerium für Staatsicherheit"), better known as the Stasi, from 1957 until shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.

text: Erich

text: Fritz

text: Emil

text: Mielke

text: December

text: May

text: was

text: German

text: communist

text: official

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: German

text: Ministry

text: for

text: State

text: Security

text: Ministerium

text: für

text: Staatsicherheit

text: better

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Stasi

text: from

text: until

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: in

text: Hohenschönhausen was a borough of Berlin, that existed from 1985 until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform. It was composed by the localities of Alt-Hohenschönhausen (core of the borough), Neu-Hohenschönhausen, Malchow, Wartenberg and Falkenberg.

text: Hohenschönhausen

text: was

text: borough

text: of

text: Berlin

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: until

text: Berlin

text: 's

text: administrative

text: reform

text: It

text: was

text: composed

text: by

text: the

text: localities

text: of

text: Alt

text: Hohenschönhausen

text: core

text: of

text: the

text: borough

text: Neu

text: Hohenschönhausen

text: Malchow

text: Wartenberg

text: and

text: Falkenberg

text: The Day of German Unity is the national day of Germany, celebrated on 3 October as a public holiday. It commemorates the anniversary of German reunification in 1990, when the goal of a united Germany that originated in the middle of the 19th century, was fulfilled again. Therefore, the name addresses neither the re-union nor the union, but the unity of Germany. The Day of German Unity on 3 October has been the German national holiday since 1990, when the reunification was formally completed. It is a legal holiday for the Federal Republic of Germany.

text: The

text: Day

text: of

text: German

text: Unity

text: is

text: the

text: national

text: day

text: of

text: Germany

text: celebrated

text: on

text: October

text: as

text: public

text: holiday

text: It

text: commemorates

text: the

text: anniversary

text: of

text: German

text: reunification

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: goal

text: of

text: united

text: Germany

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: was

text: fulfilled

text: again

text: Therefore

text: the

text: name

text: addresses

text: neither

text: the

text: re

text: union

text: nor

text: the

text: union

text: but

text: the

text: unity

text: of

text: Germany

text: The

text: Day

text: of

text: German

text: Unity

text: on

text: October

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: German

text: national

text: holiday

text: since

text: when

text: the

text: reunification

text: was

text: formally

text: completed

text: It

text: is

text: legal

text: holiday

text: for

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Germany

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: states

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Located

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: rivers

text: Spree

text: and

text: Havel

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Brandenburg

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: about

text: million

text: residents

text: from

text: more

text: than

text: nations

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Plain

text: Berlin

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: Around

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: forests

text: parks

text: gardens

text: rivers

text: and

text: lakes

text: The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR " ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party federation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital.

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: officially

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republics

text: USSR

text: was

text: socialist

text: state

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: to

text: union

text: of

text: multiple

text: subnational

text: republics

text: its

text: government

text: and

text: economy

text: were

text: highly

text: centralized

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: one

text: party

text: federation

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: with

text: Moscow

text: as

text: its

text: capital

text: Alt-Hohenschönhausen ("Old Hohenschönhausen") is a district ("Ortsteil") in the borough ("Bezirk") of Lichtenberg, Berlin. Known also as Hohenschönhausen it was, until 2001, the main and the eponymous locality of the former Hohenschönhausen borough. In 2008 the population was in excess of 41,000.

text: Alt

text: Hohenschönhausen

text: Old

text: Hohenschönhausen

text: is

text: district

text: Ortsteil

text: in

text: the

text: borough

text: Bezirk

text: of

text: Lichtenberg

text: Berlin

text: Known

text: also

text: as

text: Hohenschönhausen

text: it

text: was

text: until

text: the

text: main

text: and

text: the

text: eponymous

text: locality

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Hohenschönhausen

text: borough

text: In

text: the

text: population

text: was

text: in

text: excess

text: of

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: Moscow (or ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 12.2 million residents within the city limits and 16.8 million within the urban area. Moscow has the status of a Russian federal city.

text: Moscow

text: or

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: Russia

text: with

text: million

text: residents

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: limits

text: and

text: million

text: within

text: the

text: urban

text: area

text: Moscow

text: has

text: the

text: status

text: of

text: Russian

text: federal

text: city

text: The German reunification was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic (GDR/East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG/West Germany) to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity, celebrated on 3 October (German Unity Day). Following German reunification, Berlin was once again designated as the capital of united Germany.

text: The

text: German

text: reunification

text: was

text: the

text: process

text: in

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: GDR

text: East

text: Germany

text: joined

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: FRG

text: West

text: Germany

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: reunited

text: nation

text: of

text: Germany

text: and

text: when

text: Berlin

text: reunited

text: into

text: single

text: city

text: as

text: provided

text: by

text: its

text: then

text: Grundgesetz

text: constitution

text: Article

text: The

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: unification

text: process

text: is

text: officially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: German

text: unity

text: celebrated

text: on

text: October

text: German

text: Unity

text: Day

text: Following

text: German

text: reunification

text: Berlin

text: was

text: once

text: again

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: united

text: Germany

text: The Soviet Occupation Zone ("Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii", "Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany") was the area of central Germany occupied by the Soviet Union from 1945 on, at the end of World War II. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which became commonly referred to as East Germany, was established in the Soviet Occupation Zone.

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

text: Sovetskaya

text: okkupatsionnaya

text: zona

text: Germanii

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

text: of

text: Germany

text: was

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: central

text: Germany

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: from

text: on

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: GDR

text: which

text: became

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

annotations: follows multiple

question: inception sv dynamo

answer: 1950


text: Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (March 19, 1905  September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for most of World War II, Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production for Nazi Germany. Speer was Adolf Hitler's chief architect before assuming ministerial office. As "the Nazi who said sorry", he accepted moral responsibility at the Nuremberg trials and in his memoirs for complicity in crimes of the Nazi regime, while insisting he had been ignorant of the Holocaust.

text: Berthold

text: Konrad

text: Hermann

text: Albert

text: Speer

text: March

text: September

text: was

text: German

text: architect

text: who

text: was

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Reich

text: Minister

text: of

text: Armaments

text: and

text: War

text: Production

text: for

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: Speer

text: was

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: chief

text: architect

text: before

text: assuming

text: ministerial

text: office

text: As

text: the

text: Nazi

text: who

text: said

text: sorry

text: he

text: accepted

text: moral

text: responsibility

text: at

text: the

text: Nuremberg

text: trials

text: and

text: in

text: his

text: memoirs

text: for

text: complicity

text: in

text: crimes

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: while

text: insisting

text: he

text: had

text: been

text: ignorant

text: of

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: Inside the Third Reich ( first published in German in 1969 , in English in 1970 ) is a memoir written by Albert Speer , the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945 , serving as Adolf Hitler 's main architect before this period . It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer 's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them .

text: Inside

text: the

text: Third

text: Reich

text: first

text: published

text: in

text: German

text: in

text: in

text: English

text: in

text: is

text: memoir

text: written

text: by

text: Albert

text: Speer

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Minister

text: of

text: Armaments

text: from

text: to

text: serving

text: as

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: main

text: architect

text: before

text: this

text: period

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: detailed

text: descriptions

text: of

text: the

text: inner

text: workings

text: and

text: leadership

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: but

text: is

text: controversial

text: because

text: of

text: Speer

text: 's

text: lack

text: of

text: discussion

text: of

text: Nazi

text: atrocities

text: and

text: questions

text: regarding

text: his

text: degree

text: of

text: awareness

text: or

text: involvement

text: with

text: them

text: An architect is someone who plans, designs, and reviews the construction of buildings. To "practice architecture" means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings, that have as their principal purpose human occupancy or use. Etymologically, "architect" derives from the Latin "architectus", which derives from the Greek " ("arkhi-", chief + "tekton", builder), i.e., chief builder.

text: An

text: architect

text: is

text: someone

text: who

text: plans

text: designs

text: and

text: reviews

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: buildings

text: To

text: practice

text: architecture

text: means

text: to

text: provide

text: services

text: in

text: connection

text: with

text: the

text: design

text: of

text: buildings

text: and

text: the

text: space

text: within

text: the

text: site

text: surrounding

text: the

text: buildings

text: that

text: have

text: as

text: their

text: principal

text: purpose

text: human

text: occupancy

text: or

text: use

text: Etymologically

text: architect

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: architectus

text: which

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: arkhi-

text: chief

text: tekton

text: builder

text: i.e.

text: chief

text: builder

text: The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, or the 1939 Defensive War in Poland (or "Wojna obronna 1939 roku"), and alternatively the Poland Campaign or "Fall Weiss" in Germany (Case White), was a joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Free City of Danzig, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent, that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the MolotovRibbentrop Pact, while the Soviet invasion commenced on 17 September following the Molotov-Tg agreement that terminated the Russian and Japanese hostilities in the east on 16 September. The campaign ended on 6 October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German-Soviet Frontier Treaty.

text: The

text: Invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: September

text: Campaign

text: or

text: the

text: Defensive

text: War

text: in

text: Poland

text: or

text: Wojna

text: obronna

text: roku

text: and

text: alternatively

text: the

text: Poland

text: Campaign

text: or

text: Fall

text: Weiss

text: in

text: Germany

text: Case

text: White

text: was

text: joint

text: invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: by

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: the

text: Free

text: City

text: of

text: Danzig

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: small

text: Slovak

text: contingent

text: that

text: marked

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: German

text: invasion

text: began

text: on

text: September

text: one

text: week

text: after

text: the

text: signing

text: of

text: the

text: MolotovRibbentrop

text: Pact

text: while

text: the

text: Soviet

text: invasion

text: commenced

text: on

text: September

text: following

text: the

text: Molotov

text: Tg

text: agreement

text: that

text: terminated

text: the

text: Russian

text: and

text: Japanese

text: hostilities

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: on

text: September

text: The

text: campaign

text: ended

text: on

text: October

text: with

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: dividing

text: and

text: annexing

text: the

text: whole

text: of

text: Poland

text: under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Soviet

text: Frontier

text: Treaty

text: A biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description of a person's life. It involves more than just the basic facts like education, work, relationships, and death; it portrays a person's experience of these life events. Unlike a profile or curriculum vitae (résumé), a biography presents a subject's life story, highlighting various aspects of his or her life, including intimate details of experience, and may include an analysis of the subject's personality.

text: biography

text: or

text: simply

text: bio

text: is

text: detailed

text: description

text: of

text: person

text: 's

text: life

text: It

text: involves

text: more

text: than

text: just

text: the

text: basic

text: facts

text: like

text: education

text: work

text: relationships

text: and

text: death

text: it

text: portrays

text: person

text: 's

text: experience

text: of

text: these

text: life

text: events

text: Unlike

text: profile

text: or

text: curriculum

text: vitae

text: résumé

text: biography

text: presents

text: subject

text: 's

text: life

text: story

text: highlighting

text: various

text: aspects

text: of

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: life

text: including

text: intimate

text: details

text: of

text: experience

text: and

text: may

text: include

text: an

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: subject

text: 's

text: personality

text:
Construction is the process of constructing a building or infrastructure. Construction differs from manufacturing in that manufacturing typically involves mass production of similar items without a designated purchaser, while construction typically takes place on location for a known client. Construction as an industry comprises six to nine percent of the gross domestic product of developed countries.
Construction starts with planning, design, and financing; and continues until the project is built and ready for use.

text: Construction

text: is

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: constructing

text: building

text: or

text: infrastructure

text: Construction

text: differs

text: from

text: manufacturing

text: in

text: that

text: manufacturing

text: typically

text: involves

text: mass

text: production

text: of

text: similar

text: items

text: without

text: designated

text: purchaser

text: while

text: construction

text: typically

text: takes

text: place

text: on

text: location

text: for

text: known

text: client

text: Construction

text: as

text: an

text: industry

text: comprises

text: six

text: to

text: nine

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: gross

text: domestic

text: product

text: of

text: developed

text: countries

text: Construction

text: starts

text: with

text: planning

text: design

text: and

text: financing

text: and

text: continues

text: until

text: the

text: project

text: is

text: built

text: and

text: ready

text: for

text: use

text: World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

text: World

text: War

text: WWI

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: originating

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: military

text: personnel

text: including

text: million

text: Europeans

text: were

text: mobilised

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wars

text: in

text: history

text: Over

text: nine

text: million

text: combatants

text: and

text: seven

text: million

text: civilians

text: died

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: genocides

text: casualty

text: rate

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: technological

text: and

text: industrial

text: sophistication

text: and

text: the

text: tactical

text: stalemate

text: caused

text: by

text: gruelling

text: trench

text: warfare

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflicts

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: changes

text: including

text: revolutions

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: involved

text: The Holocaust (from the Greek ': "hólos", "whole" and "kaustós", "burnt"), also referred to as the Shoah"' (Hebrew: , "HaShoah", "the catastrophe"), was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews. The victims included 1.5 million children and represented about two-thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe. Some definitions of the Holocaust include the additional five million non-Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders, bringing the total to about 11 million. Killings took place throughout Nazi Germany, German-occupied territories, and territories held by allies of Nazi Germany.

text: The

text: Holocaust

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: hólos

text: whole

text: and

text: kaustós

text: burnt

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Shoah

text: Hebrew

text: HaShoah

text: the

text: catastrophe

text: was

text: genocide

text: in

text: which

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: and

text: its

text: collaborators

text: killed

text: about

text: six

text: million

text: Jews

text: The

text: victims

text: included

text: million

text: children

text: and

text: represented

text: about

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: million

text: Jews

text: who

text: had

text: resided

text: in

text: Europe

text: Some

text: definitions

text: of

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: include

text: the

text: additional

text: five

text: million

text: non

text: Jewish

text: victims

text: of

text: Nazi

text: mass

text: murders

text: bringing

text: the

text: total

text: to

text: about

text: million

text: Killings

text: took

text: place

text: throughout

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: German

text: occupied

text: territories

text: and

text: territories

text: held

text: by

text: allies

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: Nuremberg  is a city on the river Pegnitz and the RhineMainDanube Canal in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia, about north of Munich. It is the second-largest city in Bavaria (after Munich), and the largest in Franconia (Franken). The population as of February 2015, is 517,498, which makes it Germany's fourteenth-largest city. The urban area also includes Fürth, Erlangen and Schwabach with a total population of . The "European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg" has ca. 3.5 million inhabitants.

text: Nuremberg

text: is

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Pegnitz

text: and

text: the

text: RhineMainDanube

text: Canal

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: Bavaria

text: in

text: the

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: Middle

text: Franconia

text: about

text: north

text: of

text: Munich

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Bavaria

text: after

text: Munich

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Franconia

text: Franken

text: The

text: population

text: as

text: of

text: February

text: is

text: which

text: makes

text: it

text: Germany

text: 's

text: fourteenth

text: largest

text: city

text: The

text: urban

text: area

text: also

text: includes

text: Fürth

text: Erlangen

text: and

text: Schwabach

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: European

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: Nuremberg

text: has

text: ca

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: An autobiography (from the Greek, -"autos" self + -"bios" life + -"graphein" to write) is a written account of the life of a person written by that person. In other words, it is a self-written life story.

text: An

text: autobiography

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: -"autos

text: self

text: -"bios

text: life

text: -"graphein

text: to

text: write

text: is

text: written

text: account

text: of

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: person

text: written

text: by

text: that

text: person

text: In

text: other

text: words

text: it

text: is

text: self

text: written

text: life

text: story

text: The Chancellor of Germany is the head of government of Germany. The official title in German is "Bundeskanzler(in)" (literally, Federal Chancellor), sometimes shortened to "Kanzler(in)". The term, dating from the early Middle Ages, is derived from the Latin term "cancellarius".

text: The

text: Chancellor

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: Germany

text: The

text: official

text: title

text: in

text: German

text: is

text: Bundeskanzler(in

text: literally

text: Federal

text: Chancellor

text: sometimes

text: shortened

text: to

text: Kanzler(in

text: The

text: term

text: dating

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: term

text: cancellarius

text: Dictatorship is a form of government where a country or a group of countries is ruled by one person or political entity, and exercised through various mechanisms to ensure that the entity's power remains strong.

text: Dictatorship

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: where

text: country

text: or

text: group

text: of

text: countries

text: is

text: ruled

text: by

text: one

text: person

text: or

text: political

text: entity

text: and

text: exercised

text: through

text: various

text: mechanisms

text: to

text: ensure

text: that

text: the

text: entity

text: 's

text: power

text: remains

text: strong

text: Architecture (Latin "architectura", from the Greek  "arkhitekton" "architect", from - "chief" and  "builder") is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

text: Architecture

text: Latin

text: architectura

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: arkhitekton

text: architect

text: from

text: chief

text: and

text: builder

text: is

text: both

text: the

text: process

text: and

text: the

text: product

text: of

text: planning

text: designing

text: and

text: constructing

text: buildings

text: and

text: other

text: physical

text: structures

text: Architectural

text: works

text: in

text: the

text: material

text: form

text: of

text: buildings

text: are

text: often

text: perceived

text: as

text: cultural

text: symbols

text: and

text: as

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: Historical

text: civilizations

text: are

text: often

text: identified

text: with

text: their

text: surviving

text: architectural

text: achievements

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: A memoir (from French: "mémoire": "memoria", meaning "memory" or "reminiscence") is a collection of memories that an individual writes about moments or events, both public or private, that took place in the subject's life. The assertions made in the work are understood to be factual. While memoir has historically been defined as a subcategory of biography or autobiography since the late 20th century, the genre is differentiated in form, presenting a narrowed focus. A biography or autobiography tells the story "of a life", while a memoir often tells "a story from a life", such as touchstone events and turning points from the author's life. The author of a memoir may be referred to as a "memoirist" or a "memorialist".

text: memoir

text: from

text: French

text: mémoire

text: memoria

text: meaning

text: memory

text: or

text: reminiscence

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: memories

text: that

text: an

text: individual

text: writes

text: about

text: moments

text: or

text: events

text: both

text: public

text: or

text: private

text: that

text: took

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: subject

text: 's

text: life

text: The

text: assertions

text: made

text: in

text: the

text: work

text: are

text: understood

text: to

text: be

text: factual

text: While

text: memoir

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: defined

text: as

text: subcategory

text: of

text: biography

text: or

text: autobiography

text: since

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: the

text: genre

text: is

text: differentiated

text: in

text: form

text: presenting

text: narrowed

text: focus

text: biography

text: or

text: autobiography

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: life

text: while

text: memoir

text: often

text: tells

text: story

text: from

text: life

text: such

text: as

text: touchstone

text: events

text: and

text: turning

text: points

text: from

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: life

text: The

text: author

text: of

text: memoir

text: may

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: memoirist

text: or

text: memorialist

text: Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was governed by a dictatorship under the control of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Under Hitler's rule, Germany was transformed into a fascist state in which the Nazi Party took totalitarian control over nearly all aspects of life. The official name of the state was "Deutsches Reich" from 1933 to 1943 and "Großdeutsches Reich" ("Greater German Reich") from 1943 to 1945. The period is also known under the names the Third Reich and the National Socialist Period (abbreviated as "NS-Zeit"). The Nazi regime came to an end after the Allied Powers defeated Germany in May 1945, ending World War II in Europe.

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: English

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: German

text: history

text: from

text: to

text: when

text: Germany

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: dictatorship

text: under

text: the

text: control

text: of

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: and

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: NSDAP

text: Under

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: rule

text: Germany

text: was

text: transformed

text: into

text: fascist

text: state

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: took

text: totalitarian

text: control

text: over

text: nearly

text: all

text: aspects

text: of

text: life

text: The

text: official

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: Deutsches

text: Reich

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: Großdeutsches

text: Reich

text: Greater

text: German

text: Reich

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: period

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: under

text: the

text: names

text: the

text: Third

text: Reich

text: and

text: the

text: National

text: Socialist

text: Period

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: NS

text: Zeit

text: The

text: Nazi

text: regime

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: after

text: the

text: Allied

text: Powers

text: defeated

text: Germany

text: in

text: May

text: ending

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: Europe

text: Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889  30 April 1945) was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party ("Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei"; NSDAP), Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and Führer ("Leader") of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. As dictator of the German Reich, he initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and was central to the Holocaust.

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: April

text: April

text: was

text: German

text: politician

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: Nationalsozialistische

text: Deutsche

text: Arbeiterpartei

text: NSDAP

text: Chancellor

text: of

text: Germany

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: Führer

text: Leader

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: from

text: to

text: As

text: dictator

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Reich

text: he

text: initiated

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: Europe

text: with

text: the

text: invasion

text: of

text: Poland

text: in

text: September

text: and

text: was

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: The National Socialist German Workers' Party (abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and practised the ideology of Nazism. Its precursor, the German Workers' Party ("Deutsche Arbeiterpartei"; DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920.

text: The

text: National

text: Socialist

text: German

text: Workers

text: Party

text: abbreviated

text: NSDAP

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: Nazi

text: Party

text: was

text: political

text: party

text: in

text: Germany

text: that

text: was

text: active

text: between

text: and

text: and

text: practised

text: the

text: ideology

text: of

text: Nazism

text: Its

text: precursor

text: the

text: German

text: Workers

text: Party

text: Deutsche

text: Arbeiterpartei

text: DAP

text: existed

text: from

text: to

annotations: follows single

question: genre inside the third reich

answer: autobiography

text: autobiography

text: autobiography

text: autobiography


text: Kirk William Caldwell ( born September 4 , 1952 ) is an American politician , and the incumbent Mayor of Honolulu . Caldwell assumed the position on January 2 , 2013 . Caldwell previously held the position of Acting Mayor of Honolulu in 2010 following the resignation of Mayor Mufi Hannemann .

text: Kirk

text: William

text: Caldwell

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: and

text: the

text: incumbent

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Honolulu

text: Caldwell

text: assumed

text: the

text: position

text: on

text: January

text: Caldwell

text: previously

text: held

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: Acting

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Honolulu

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: resignation

text: of

text: Mayor

text: Mufi

text: Hannemann

text: The Governor of Hawaii is the chief executive of the state of Hawaii and its various agencies and departments, as provided in the Hawaii State Constitution Article V, Sections 1 through 6. It is a directly elected position, votes being cast by popular suffrage of residents of the state. The governor is responsible for enforcing laws passed by the Hawaii State Legislature and upholding rulings of the Hawaii State Judiciary. The role includes being commander-in-chief of the armed forces of Hawaii and having the power to use those forces to execute laws, suppress insurrection and violence and repel invasion. The Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii becomes acting governor upon the governor's absence from the state or if the governor is unable to discharge the powers and duties of the office. Historically, the Governor of Hawaii has been from either the Democratic Party of Hawaii or Hawaii Republican Party.

text: The

text: Governor

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: executive

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: its

text: various

text: agencies

text: and

text: departments

text: as

text: provided

text: in

text: the

text: Hawaii

text: State

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Sections

text: through

text: It

text: is

text: directly

text: elected

text: position

text: votes

text: being

text: cast

text: by

text: popular

text: suffrage

text: of

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: governor

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: enforcing

text: laws

text: passed

text: by

text: the

text: Hawaii

text: State

text: Legislature

text: and

text: upholding

text: rulings

text: of

text: the

text: Hawaii

text: State

text: Judiciary

text: The

text: role

text: includes

text: being

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: having

text: the

text: power

text: to

text: use

text: those

text: forces

text: to

text: execute

text: laws

text: suppress

text: insurrection

text: and

text: violence

text: and

text: repel

text: invasion

text: The

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: becomes

text: acting

text: governor

text: upon

text: the

text: governor

text: 's

text: absence

text: from

text: the

text: state

text: or

text: if

text: the

text: governor

text: is

text: unable

text: to

text: discharge

text: the

text: powers

text: and

text: duties

text: of

text: the

text: office

text: Historically

text: the

text: Governor

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: has

text: been

text: from

text: either

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: or

text: Hawaii

text: Republican

text: Party

text: The Kingdom of Hawaii was established in 1795 with the unification of the independent islands of Hawaii, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Lnai into one government. In 1810 the entirety of the archipelago was unified when Kauai and Niihau joined the kingdom willingly and without bloodshed or war. The kingdom was ruled by two major dynastic families: the House of Kamehameha and the House of Kalkaua.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: the

text: independent

text: islands

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: Oahu

text: Maui

text: Molokai

text: and

text: Lnai

text: into

text: one

text: government

text: In

text: the

text: entirety

text: of

text: the

text: archipelago

text: was

text: unified

text: when

text: Kauai

text: and

text: Niihau

text: joined

text: the

text: kingdom

text: willingly

text: and

text: without

text: bloodshed

text: or

text: war

text: The

text: kingdom

text: was

text: ruled

text: by

text: two

text: major

text: dynastic

text: families

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Kamehameha

text: and

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Kalkaua

text: The Mayor of Honolulu is the chief executive officer of the City and County of Honolulu and considered the third most powerful official in the U.S. state of Hawaii, behind the Governor of Hawaii and the Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii. An office established in 1900 and modified in 1907, the mayor of Honolulu is elected by universal suffrage of residents of Honolulu to no more than two four-year terms. The mayor of Honolulu is one of only two officers elected countywide; the other is the prosecuting attorney. The Mayor of Honolulu is the successor of the Royal Governors of Oahu of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

text: The

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Honolulu

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: and

text: County

text: of

text: Honolulu

text: and

text: considered

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: powerful

text: official

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: behind

text: the

text: Governor

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: and

text: the

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: An

text: office

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: modified

text: in

text: the

text: mayor

text: of

text: Honolulu

text: is

text: elected

text: by

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: of

text: residents

text: of

text: Honolulu

text: to

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: four

text: year

text: terms

text: The

text: mayor

text: of

text: Honolulu

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: two

text: officers

text: elected

text: countywide

text: the

text: other

text: is

text: the

text: prosecuting

text: attorney

text: The

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Honolulu

text: is

text: the

text: successor

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Governors

text: of

text: Oahu

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: The concept of universal suffrage, also known as general suffrage or common suffrage, consists of the right to vote of all except a small number of adult citizens (or subjects). As minors are generally excluded, the concept is frequently described as "universal adult suffrage". Many countries make an exception for small numbers of adults that are considered mentally incapable of voting. Other countries also exclude people convicted of serious crimes or people in jail, but this is considered a violation of a basic human right in an increasing number of countries. In some countries, including the United States, it is very difficult and expensive for convicted criminals to regain this right even after having served their jail sentence. In any case, where universal suffrage exists, the right to vote is not restricted by race, sex, belief, wealth, or social status.

text: The

text: concept

text: of

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: general

text: suffrage

text: or

text: common

text: suffrage

text: consists

text: of

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: vote

text: of

text: all

text: except

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: adult

text: citizens

text: or

text: subjects

text: As

text: minors

text: are

text: generally

text: excluded

text: the

text: concept

text: is

text: frequently

text: described

text: as

text: universal

text: adult

text: suffrage

text: Many

text: countries

text: make

text: an

text: exception

text: for

text: small

text: numbers

text: of

text: adults

text: that

text: are

text: considered

text: mentally

text: incapable

text: of

text: voting

text: Other

text: countries

text: also

text: exclude

text: people

text: convicted

text: of

text: serious

text: crimes

text: or

text: people

text: in

text: jail

text: but

text: this

text: is

text: considered

text: violation

text: of

text: basic

text: human

text: right

text: in

text: an

text: increasing

text: number

text: of

text: countries

text: In

text: some

text: countries

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: very

text: difficult

text: and

text: expensive

text: for

text: convicted

text: criminals

text: to

text: regain

text: this

text: right

text: even

text: after

text: having

text: served

text: their

text: jail

text: sentence

text: In

text: any

text: case

text: where

text: universal

text: suffrage

text: exists

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: vote

text: is

text: not

text: restricted

text: by

text: race

text: sex

text: belief

text: wealth

text: or

text: social

text: status

text: The Lieutenant Governor of Hawaii, concurrently the Secretary of State of Hawaii, is the assistant chief executive of that U.S. state and its various agencies and departments, as provided in the Hawaii State Constitution Article V, Sections 2 though 6. The Lieutenant Governor is elected by popular suffrage of residents of the state on the same ticket as the Governor of Hawaii. The Lieutenant Governor becomes acting Governor upon the absence of the Governor from the state, or if the Governor becomes disabled from duty. Historically, Lieutenant Governors were members of either the Hawaii Democratic Party or Hawaii Republican Party.

text: The

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: concurrently

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: State

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: is

text: the

text: assistant

text: chief

text: executive

text: of

text: that

text: U.S.

text: state

text: and

text: its

text: various

text: agencies

text: and

text: departments

text: as

text: provided

text: in

text: the

text: Hawaii

text: State

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Sections

text: though

text: The

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: is

text: elected

text: by

text: popular

text: suffrage

text: of

text: residents

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: same

text: ticket

text: as

text: the

text: Governor

text: of

text: Hawaii

text: The

text: Lieutenant

text: Governor

text: becomes

text: acting

text: Governor

text: upon

text: the

text: absence

text: of

text: the

text: Governor

text: from

text: the

text: state

text: or

text: if

text: the

text: Governor

text: becomes

text: disabled

text: from

text: duty

text: Historically

text: Lieutenant

text: Governors

text: were

text: members

text: of

text: either

text: the

text: Hawaii

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: or

text: Hawaii

text: Republican

text: Party

text: The Independent State of Samoa, commonly known as Samoa and, until 1997, known as Western Samoa, is a unitary parliamentary democracy with eleven administrative divisions. The two main islands are Savai'i and Upolu with four smaller islands surrounding the landmasses. The capital city is Apia. The Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan islands around 3,500 years ago. They developed a unique language and cultural identity.

text: The

text: Independent

text: State

text: of

text: Samoa

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Samoa

text: and

text: until

text: known

text: as

text: Western

text: Samoa

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: democracy

text: with

text: eleven

text: administrative

text: divisions

text: The

text: two

text: main

text: islands

text: are

text: Savai'i

text: and

text: Upolu

text: with

text: four

text: smaller

text: islands

text: surrounding

text: the

text: landmasses

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Apia

text: The

text: Lapita

text: people

text: discovered

text: and

text: settled

text: the

text: Samoan

text: islands

text: around

text: years

text: ago

text: They

text: developed

text: unique

text: language

text: and

text: cultural

text: identity

text: Muliufi Francis "Mufi" Hannemann (born July 16, 1954) is an American politician, businessman, and non-profit executive. He was elected twice as Mayor of Honolulu in 2004 and 2008. Hannemann has served as a special assistant in Washington, D.C., with the Department of the Interior, where he was selected for a White House fellowship in the Reagan administration under Vice President George H. W. Bush. He also served as chairman of the Honolulu City Council. He is the first person of Samoan descent and the second member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to serve as Mayor of Honolulu (Neal S. Blaisdell was the first).

text: Muliufi

text: Francis

text: Mufi

text: Hannemann

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: businessman

text: and

text: non

text: profit

text: executive

text: He

text: was

text: elected

text: twice

text: as

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Honolulu

text: in

text: and

text: Hannemann

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: special

text: assistant

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: with

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Interior

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: selected

text: for

text: White

text: House

text: fellowship

text: in

text: the

text: Reagan

text: administration

text: under

text: Vice

text: President

text: George

text: Bush

text: He

text: also

text: served

text: as

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Honolulu

text: City

text: Council

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: of

text: Samoan

text: descent

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: member

text: of

text: The

text: Church

text: of

text: Jesus

text: Christ

text: of

text: Latter

text: day

text: Saints

text: to

text: serve

text: as

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Honolulu

text: Neal

text: Blaisdell

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the U.S. Republican Party, he was previously a congressman, ambassador, and Director of Central Intelligence. He is the oldest living former President and Vice President. Since 2000, Bush has often been referred to as "George H. W. Bush", "Bush 41", "Bush the Elder", or "George Bush Senior" to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who became the 43rd President of the United States. Prior to his son's presidency, he was simply referred to as George Bush or President Bush.

text: George

text: Herbert

text: Walker

text: Bush

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: who

text: was

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: the

text: Vice

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: from

text: to

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Republican

text: Party

text: he

text: was

text: previously

text: congressman

text: ambassador

text: and

text: Director

text: of

text: Central

text: Intelligence

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: living

text: former

text: President

text: and

text: Vice

text: President

text: Since

text: Bush

text: has

text: often

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: George

text: Bush

text: Bush

text: Bush

text: the

text: Elder

text: or

text: George

text: Bush

text: Senior

text: to

text: distinguish

text: him

text: from

text: his

text: eldest

text: son

text: George

text: Bush

text: who

text: became

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Prior

text: to

text: his

text: son

text: 's

text: presidency

text: he

text: was

text: simply

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: George

text: Bush

text: or

text: President

text: Bush

question: member_of_political_party kirk caldwell

answer: democratic party

text: democratic party

text: democratic party