text: The Confederation of African Athletics (CAA) (also known by its French name Confédération Africaine d'Athlétisme) is the continental association for the sport of athletics in Africa. It is headquartered in Senegal. It organises the African Championships in Athletics and other continental competitions. The body's president is Hamad Kalkaba Malboum of Cameroon.

text: The

text: Confederation

text: of

text: African

text: Athletics

text: CAA

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: French

text: name

text: Confédération

text: Africaine

text: d'Athlétisme

text: is

text: the

text: continental

text: association

text: for

text: the

text: sport

text: of

text: athletics

text: in

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Senegal

text: It

text: organises

text: the

text: African

text: Championships

text: in

text: Athletics

text: and

text: other

text: continental

text: competitions

text: The

text: body

text: 's

text: president

text: is

text: Hamad

text: Kalkaba

text: Malboum

text: of

text: Cameroon

text: The African Championships in Athletics is a continental athletics event organized by the Confederation of African Athletics (CAA), the continental association for the sport in Africa. Since its inaugural edition in 1979 it was at first organised intermittently with nine editions held in fourteen years until 1993. Following the tenth edition in 1996 it has been organised biennially on even years, and is always held in the same year as the Summer Olympics. The latest 20th edition was held in Durban, South Africa in June 2016.

text: The

text: African

text: Championships

text: in

text: Athletics

text: is

text: continental

text: athletics

text: event

text: organized

text: by

text: the

text: Confederation

text: of

text: African

text: Athletics

text: CAA

text: the

text: continental

text: association

text: for

text: the

text: sport

text: in

text: Africa

text: Since

text: its

text: inaugural

text: edition

text: in

text: it

text: was

text: at

text: first

text: organised

text: intermittently

text: with

text: nine

text: editions

text: held

text: in

text: fourteen

text: years

text: until

text: Following

text: the

text: tenth

text: edition

text: in

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: organised

text: biennially

text: on

text: even

text: years

text: and

text: is

text: always

text: held

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: as

text: the

text: Summer

text: Olympics

text: The

text: latest

text: edition

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Durban

text: South

text: Africa

text: in

text: June

text: The 2010 African Championships in Athletics was held in Nairobi , Kenya from 28 July to 1 August 2010 .

text: The

text: African

text: Championships

text: in

text: Athletics

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: Nairobi

text: Kenya

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: August

annotations: follows single

question: sport 2010 african championships in athletics

answer: sport of athletics

text: sport of athletics


text: A historian is a person who researches, studies, and writes about the past, and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is concerned with events preceding written history, the individual is a historian of prehistory. Although "historian" can be used to describe amateur and professional historians alike, it is reserved more recently for those who have acquired graduate degrees in the discipline. Some historians, though, are recognized by publications or training and experience. "Historian" became a professional occupation in the late nineteenth century as research universities were emerging in Germany and elsewhere.

text: historian

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: researches

text: studies

text: and

text: writes

text: about

text: the

text: past

text: and

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: an

text: authority

text: on

text: it

text: Historians

text: are

text: concerned

text: with

text: the

text: continuous

text: methodical

text: narrative

text: and

text: research

text: of

text: past

text: events

text: as

text: relating

text: to

text: the

text: human

text: race

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: all

text: history

text: in

text: time

text: If

text: the

text: individual

text: is

text: concerned

text: with

text: events

text: preceding

text: written

text: history

text: the

text: individual

text: is

text: historian

text: of

text: prehistory

text: Although

text: historian

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: describe

text: amateur

text: and

text: professional

text: historians

text: alike

text: it

text: is

text: reserved

text: more

text: recently

text: for

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: acquired

text: graduate

text: degrees

text: in

text: the

text: discipline

text: Some

text: historians

text: though

text: are

text: recognized

text: by

text: publications

text: or

text: training

text: and

text: experience

text: Historian

text: became

text: professional

text: occupation

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: as

text: research

text: universities

text: were

text: emerging

text: in

text: Germany

text: and

text: elsewhere

text: A narrative or story is any report of connected events, real or imaginary, presented in a sequence of written or spoken words, and/or still or moving images.

text: narrative

text: or

text: story

text: is

text: any

text: report

text: of

text: connected

text: events

text: real

text: or

text: imaginary

text: presented

text: in

text: sequence

text: of

text: written

text: or

text: spoken

text: words

text: and/or

text: still

text: or

text: moving

text: images

text: Cairo (; ', ') is the capital and largest city of Egypt. The city's metropolitan area is the largest in the Middle East and the Arab world, and 15th-largest in the world, and is associated with ancient Egypt, as the famous Giza pyramid complex and the ancient city of Memphis are located in its geographical area. Located near the Nile Delta, modern Cairo was founded in 969 CE by Jawhar al-Siqilli ("the Sicilian") of the Fatimid dynasty, but the land composing the present-day city was the site of ancient national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life, and is nicknamed "the city of a thousand minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture.

text: Cairo

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Egypt

text: The

text: city

text: 's

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: and

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: is

text: associated

text: with

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: as

text: the

text: famous

text: Giza

text: pyramid

text: complex

text: and

text: the

text: ancient

text: city

text: of

text: Memphis

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: its

text: geographical

text: area

text: Located

text: near

text: the

text: Nile

text: Delta

text: modern

text: Cairo

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: CE

text: by

text: Jawhar

text: al

text: Siqilli

text: the

text: Sicilian

text: of

text: the

text: Fatimid

text: dynasty

text: but

text: the

text: land

text: composing

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: city

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: ancient

text: national

text: capitals

text: whose

text: remnants

text: remain

text: visible

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Old

text: Cairo

text: Cairo

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: life

text: and

text: is

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: thousand

text: minarets

text: for

text: its

text: preponderance

text: of

text: Islamic

text: architecture

text: y, usually referred to as Oyo State to distinguish it from the city of Oyo, is an inland state in south-western Nigeria, with its capital at Ibadan. It is bounded in the north by Kwara State, in the east by Osun State, in the south by Ogun State and in the west partly by Ogun State and partly by the Republic of Benin.

text: usually

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Oyo

text: State

text: to

text: distinguish

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Oyo

text: is

text: an

text: inland

text: state

text: in

text: south

text: western

text: Nigeria

text: with

text: its

text: capital

text: at

text: Ibadan

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Kwara

text: State

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Osun

text: State

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Ogun

text: State

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: partly

text: by

text: Ogun

text: State

text: and

text: partly

text: by

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Benin

text: A population is the number of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.

text: population

text: is

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: organisms

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: group

text: or

text: species

text: which

text: live

text: in

text: particular

text: geographical

text: area

text: and

text: have

text: the

text: capability

text: of

text: interbreeding

text: History (from Greek , "historia", meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past as it is described in written documents. Events occurring before written record are considered prehistory. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Scholars who write about history are called historians.

text: History

text: from

text: Greek

text: historia

text: meaning

text: inquiry

text: knowledge

text: acquired

text: by

text: investigation

text: is

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: past

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: described

text: in

text: written

text: documents

text: Events

text: occurring

text: before

text: written

text: record

text: are

text: considered

text: prehistory

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: umbrella

text: term

text: that

text: relates

text: to

text: past

text: events

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: memory

text: discovery

text: collection

text: organization

text: presentation

text: and

text: interpretation

text: of

text: information

text: about

text: these

text: events

text: Scholars

text: who

text: write

text: about

text: history

text: are

text: called

text: historians

text: The University of Ibadan (UI) is the oldest Nigerian university, and is located five miles (8 kilometres) from the centre of the major city of Ibadan in Western Nigeria.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Ibadan

text: UI

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: Nigerian

text: university

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: five

text: miles

text: kilometres

text: from

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: city

text: of

text: Ibadan

text: in

text: Western

text: Nigeria

text: Kano is the state capital of Kano State in Northern West, Nigeria. It is situated in the Sahelian geographic region, south of the Sahara. Kano is the commercial nerve center of Northern Nigeria and is the second largest city in Nigeria, after Lagos. The Kano metropolis initially covered , and comprised six local government areas (LGAs)  Kano Municipal, Fagge, Dala, Gwale, Tarauni and Nasarawa; However, it now covers two additional LGAs  Ungogo and Kumbotso. The total area of Metropolitan Kano is now , with a population of 2,828,861 as of the 2006 Nigerian census.

text: Kano

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: of

text: Kano

text: State

text: in

text: Northern

text: West

text: Nigeria

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Sahelian

text: geographic

text: region

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: Kano

text: is

text: the

text: commercial

text: nerve

text: center

text: of

text: Northern

text: Nigeria

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: after

text: Lagos

text: The

text: Kano

text: metropolis

text: initially

text: covered

text: and

text: comprised

text: six

text: local

text: government

text: areas

text: LGAs

text: Kano

text: Municipal

text: Fagge

text: Dala

text: Gwale

text: Tarauni

text: and

text: Nasarawa

text: However

text: it

text: now

text: covers

text: two

text: additional

text: LGAs

text: Ungogo

text: and

text: Kumbotso

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Metropolitan

text: Kano

text: is

text: now

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: Nigerian

text: census

text: The Federal Republic of Nigeria , commonly referred to as Nigeria, is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja is located. Its largest cities include: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Benin City and Port Harcourt. Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country.

text: The

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: bordering

text: Benin

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Chad

text: and

text: Cameroon

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Niger

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Its

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Guinea

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: comprises

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: where

text: the

text: capital

text: Abuja

text: is

text: located

text: Its

text: largest

text: cities

text: include

text: Lagos

text: Kano

text: Ibadan

text: Benin

text: City

text: and

text: Port

text: Harcourt

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: officially

text: democratic

text: secular

text: country

text: Ibadan is the state capital of Oyo State. With a population of over 3 million, it is the most populous city in the state, and the third most populous city in Nigeria, after Lagos and Kano; it is the country's largest city by geographical area. At Nigerian independence, Ibadan was the largest and most populous city in the country, and the third in Africa after Cairo and Johannesburg.

text: Ibadan

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: of

text: Oyo

text: State

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: after

text: Lagos

text: and

text: Kano

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: by

text: geographical

text: area

text: At

text: Nigerian

text: independence

text: Ibadan

text: was

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: in

text: Africa

text: after

text: Cairo

text: and

text: Johannesburg

text: Bells University of Technology also known as Bellstech is the first private university of technology established in Nigeria. It was established in 2004, and began admitting students from the 2005/2006 academic session.

text: Bells

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Bellstech

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: private

text: university

text: of

text: technology

text: established

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: began

text: admitting

text: students

text: from

text: the

text: academic

text: session

text: Lagos initially emerged as a port city which originated on a collection of islands, which are contained in the present day Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Lagos Island, Eti-Osa, Amuwo-Odofin and Apapa; the islands are separated by creeks, fringing the southwest mouth of Lagos Lagoon, while protected from the Atlantic Ocean by barrier islands and long sand spits such as Bar Beach, which stretch up to east and west of the mouth. Due to rapid urbanization, the city expanded to the west of the lagoon to include areas in the present day Lagos Mainland, Ajeromi-Ifelodun and Surulere. This led to the classification of Lagos into two main areas - the Island, which was the initial city of Lagos, before it expanded into the area known as the Mainland. This city area was governed directly by the Federal Government through the "Lagos City Council", until the creation of Lagos State in 1967, which led to the splitting of Lagos city into the present day seven Local Government Areas (LGAs), and an addition of other towns (which now make up 13 LGAs) from the then Western Region, to form the state.

text: Lagos

text: initially

text: emerged

text: as

text: port

text: city

text: which

text: originated

text: on

text: collection

text: of

text: islands

text: which

text: are

text: contained

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Local

text: Government

text: Areas

text: LGAs

text: of

text: Lagos

text: Island

text: Eti

text: Osa

text: Amuwo

text: Odofin

text: and

text: Apapa

text: the

text: islands

text: are

text: separated

text: by

text: creeks

text: fringing

text: the

text: southwest

text: mouth

text: of

text: Lagos

text: Lagoon

text: while

text: protected

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: by

text: barrier

text: islands

text: and

text: long

text: sand

text: spits

text: such

text: as

text: Bar

text: Beach

text: which

text: stretch

text: up

text: to

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: mouth

text: Due

text: to

text: rapid

text: urbanization

text: the

text: city

text: expanded

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: lagoon

text: to

text: include

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: Lagos

text: Mainland

text: Ajeromi

text: Ifelodun

text: and

text: Surulere

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: classification

text: of

text: Lagos

text: into

text: two

text: main

text: areas

text: the

text: Island

text: which

text: was

text: the

text: initial

text: city

text: of

text: Lagos

text: before

text: it

text: expanded

text: into

text: the

text: area

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Mainland

text: This

text: city

text: area

text: was

text: governed

text: directly

text: by

text: the

text: Federal

text: Government

text: through

text: the

text: Lagos

text: City

text: Council

text: until

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: Lagos

text: State

text: in

text: which

text: led

text: to

text: the

text: splitting

text: of

text: Lagos

text: city

text: into

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: seven

text: Local

text: Government

text: Areas

text: LGAs

text: and

text: an

text: addition

text: of

text: other

text: towns

text: which

text: now

text: make

text: up

text: LGAs

text: from

text: the

text: then

text: Western

text: Region

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: state

text: Prehistory means literally "before history", from the Latin word for "before," ', and Greek '. Human prehistory is the period from the time that behaviorally and anatomically modern humans first appear until the appearance of recorded history following the invention of writing systems. Since both the time of settlement of modern humans and the evolution of human civilisations differ from region to region, prehistory starts and ends at different moments in time, depending on the region concerned.

text: Prehistory

text: means

text: literally

text: before

text: history

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: for

text: before

text: and

text: Greek

text: Human

text: prehistory

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: the

text: time

text: that

text: behaviorally

text: and

text: anatomically

text: modern

text: humans

text: first

text: appear

text: until

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: recorded

text: history

text: following

text: the

text: invention

text: of

text: writing

text: systems

text: Since

text: both

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: settlement

text: of

text: modern

text: humans

text: and

text: the

text: evolution

text: of

text: human

text: civilisations

text: differ

text: from

text: region

text: to

text: region

text: prehistory

text: starts

text: and

text: ends

text: at

text: different

text: moments

text: in

text: time

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: region

text: concerned

text: Johannesburg (also known as Jozi, Joburg and eGoli) is the largest city in South Africa and is one of the 50 largest urban areas in the world. It is the provincial capital of Gauteng, which is the wealthiest province in South Africa. While Johannesburg is not one of South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the Constitutional Court. The city is located in the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills and is the centre of large-scale gold and diamond trade.

text: Johannesburg

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Jozi

text: Joburg

text: and

text: eGoli

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: areas

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: Gauteng

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: wealthiest

text: province

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: While

text: Johannesburg

text: is

text: not

text: one

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: three

text: capital

text: cities

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Constitutional

text: Court

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: mineral

text: rich

text: Witwatersrand

text: range

text: of

text: hills

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: large

text: scale

text: gold

text: and

text: diamond

text: trade

text: Tekena Nitonye Tamuno ( 28 January 1932 -- 11 April 2015 ) was a Nigerian historian and Vice-chancellor of the University of Ibadan . He was the President of the Board of Trustees of Bells University of Technology .

text: Tekena

text: Nitonye

text: Tamuno

text: January

text: April

text: was

text: Nigerian

text: historian

text: and

text: Vice

text: chancellor

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Ibadan

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Board

text: of

text: Trustees

text: of

text: Bells

text: University

text: of

text: Technology

question: place_of_birth tekena tamuno

answer: port harcourt

text: port harcourt


text: Physical geography (also known as geosystems or physiography) is one of the two major sub-fields of geography. Physical geography is that branch of natural science which deals with the study of processes and patterns in the natural environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere, as opposed to the cultural or built environment, the domain of human geography.

text: Physical

text: geography

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: geosystems

text: or

text: physiography

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: major

text: sub

text: fields

text: of

text: geography

text: Physical

text: geography

text: is

text: that

text: branch

text: of

text: natural

text: science

text: which

text: deals

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: processes

text: and

text: patterns

text: in

text: the

text: natural

text: environment

text: like

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: hydrosphere

text: biosphere

text: and

text: geosphere

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: the

text: cultural

text: or

text: built

text: environment

text: the

text: domain

text: of

text: human

text: geography

text:
Human geography is the branch of the social sciences that deals with the study of people and their communities,
cultures, economies and interaction with the environment by noticing their relations with and across space and place. As an intellectual discipline, geography is divided into the sub-fields of physical geography and human geography, the latter concentrating upon the study of human activities, by the application of qualitative and quantitative research methods.

text: Human

text: geography

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: social

text: sciences

text: that

text: deals

text: with

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: people

text: and

text: their

text: communities

text: cultures

text: economies

text: and

text: interaction

text: with

text: the

text: environment

text: by

text: noticing

text: their

text: relations

text: with

text: and

text: across

text: space

text: and

text: place

text: As

text: an

text: intellectual

text: discipline

text: geography

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: sub

text: fields

text: of

text: physical

text: geography

text: and

text: human

text: geography

text: the

text: latter

text: concentrating

text: upon

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: human

text: activities

text: by

text: the

text: application

text: of

text: qualitative

text: and

text: quantitative

text: research

text: methods

text: Earth science or geoscience is a widely embraced term for the fields of science related to the planet Earth. Earth science can be considered to be a branch of planetary science, but with a much older history. There are both reductionist and holistic approaches to Earth sciences. The Earth sciences can include the study of geology, the lithosphere, and the large-scale structure of the Earth's interior, as well as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Typically, Earth scientists use tools from geography, chronology, physics, chemistry, biology, and mathematics to build a quantitative understanding of how the Earth system works and evolves.

text: Earth

text: science

text: or

text: geoscience

text: is

text: widely

text: embraced

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: fields

text: of

text: science

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: planet

text: Earth

text: Earth

text: science

text: can

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: branch

text: of

text: planetary

text: science

text: but

text: with

text: much

text: older

text: history

text: There

text: are

text: both

text: reductionist

text: and

text: holistic

text: approaches

text: to

text: Earth

text: sciences

text: The

text: Earth

text: sciences

text: can

text: include

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: geology

text: the

text: lithosphere

text: and

text: the

text: large

text: scale

text: structure

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: interior

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: atmosphere

text: hydrosphere

text: and

text: biosphere

text: Typically

text: Earth

text: scientists

text: use

text: tools

text: from

text: geography

text: chronology

text: physics

text: chemistry

text: biology

text: and

text: mathematics

text: to

text: build

text: quantitative

text: understanding

text: of

text: how

text: the

text: Earth

text: system

text: works

text: and

text: evolves

text: The University of Glasgow (abbreviated as Glas. in post-nominals) is the fourth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities. It was founded in 1451. Along with the University of Edinburgh, the University was part of the Scottish Enlightenment during the 18th century. It is currently a member of Universitas 21, the international network of research universities, and the Russell Group.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Glasgow

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: Glas

text: in

text: post

text: nominals

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: oldest

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: Scotland

text: 's

text: four

text: ancient

text: universities

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Along

text: with

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: the

text: University

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Scottish

text: Enlightenment

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: is

text: currently

text: member

text: of

text: Universitas

text: the

text: international

text: network

text: of

text: research

text: universities

text: and

text: the

text: Russell

text: Group

text: Eratosthenes of Cyrene (;   ) was a Greek mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. He was a man of learning, becoming the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. He invented the discipline of geography, including the terminology used today.

text: Eratosthenes

text: of

text: Cyrene

text: was

text: Greek

text: mathematician

text: geographer

text: poet

text: astronomer

text: and

text: music

text: theorist

text: He

text: was

text: man

text: of

text: learning

text: becoming

text: the

text: chief

text: librarian

text: at

text: the

text: Library

text: of

text: Alexandria

text: He

text: invented

text: the

text: discipline

text: of

text: geography

text: including

text: the

text: terminology

text: used

text: today

text: The Scottish Enlightenment was the period in 18th and early 19th century Scotland characterised by an outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments. By the eighteenth century, Scotland had a network of parish schools in the Lowlands and four universities. The Enlightenment culture was based on close readings of new books, and intense discussions took place daily at such intellectual gathering places in Edinburgh as The Select Society and, later, The Poker Club as well as within Scotlands ancient universities (St Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen).

text: The

text: Scottish

text: Enlightenment

text: was

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: and

text: early

text: century

text: Scotland

text: characterised

text: by

text: an

text: outpouring

text: of

text: intellectual

text: and

text: scientific

text: accomplishments

text: By

text: the

text: eighteenth

text: century

text: Scotland

text: had

text: network

text: of

text: parish

text: schools

text: in

text: the

text: Lowlands

text: and

text: four

text: universities

text: The

text: Enlightenment

text: culture

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: close

text: readings

text: of

text: new

text: books

text: and

text: intense

text: discussions

text: took

text: place

text: daily

text: at

text: such

text: intellectual

text: gathering

text: places

text: in

text: Edinburgh

text: as

text: The

text: Select

text: Society

text: and

text: later

text: The

text: Poker

text: Club

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: within

text: Scotlands

text: ancient

text: universities

text: St

text: Andrews

text: Glasgow

text: Edinburgh

text: and

text: Aberdeen

text: Founded in 1997, Universitas 21 is an international network of universities, established as an "international reference point and resource for strategic thinking on issues of global significance." It currently has twenty-six member universities in seventeen different countries and territories. Together, there are 1.3M students and 210,000 academics and researchers associated with these universities.

text: Founded

text: in

text: Universitas

text: is

text: an

text: international

text: network

text: of

text: universities

text: established

text: as

text: an

text: international

text: reference

text: point

text: and

text: resource

text: for

text: strategic

text: thinking

text: on

text: issues

text: of

text: global

text: significance

text: It

text: currently

text: has

text: twenty

text: six

text: member

text: universities

text: in

text: seventeen

text: different

text: countries

text: and

text: territories

text: Together

text: there

text: are

text: students

text: and

text: academics

text: and

text: researchers

text: associated

text: with

text: these

text: universities

text: Geography (from Greek , "geographia", literally "earth description") is a field of science devoted to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth. The first person to use the word "" was Eratosthenes (276194 BC). Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of the Earth and its human and natural complexitiesnot merely where objects are, but how they have changed and come to be. It is often defined in terms of the two branches of human geography and physical geography. The four historical traditions in geographical research are: spatial analyses of natural and the human phenomena, area studies of places and regions, studies of human-land relationships, and the Earth sciences. Geography has been called "the world discipline" and "the bridge between the human and the physical sciences".

text: Geography

text: from

text: Greek

text: geographia

text: literally

text: earth

text: description

text: is

text: field

text: of

text: science

text: devoted

text: to

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: lands

text: the

text: features

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: and

text: the

text: phenomena

text: of

text: Earth

text: The

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: was

text: Eratosthenes

text: BC

text: Geography

text: is

text: an

text: all

text: encompassing

text: discipline

text: that

text: seeks

text: an

text: understanding

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: and

text: its

text: human

text: and

text: natural

text: complexitiesnot

text: merely

text: where

text: objects

text: are

text: but

text: how

text: they

text: have

text: changed

text: and

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: defined

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: branches

text: of

text: human

text: geography

text: and

text: physical

text: geography

text: The

text: four

text: historical

text: traditions

text: in

text: geographical

text: research

text: are

text: spatial

text: analyses

text: of

text: natural

text: and

text: the

text: human

text: phenomena

text: area

text: studies

text: of

text: places

text: and

text: regions

text: studies

text: of

text: human

text: land

text: relationships

text: and

text: the

text: Earth

text: sciences

text: Geography

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: the

text: world

text: discipline

text: and

text: the

text: bridge

text: between

text: the

text: human

text: and

text: the

text: physical

text: sciences

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Modern humans ("Homo sapiens", primarily ssp. "Homo sapiens sapiens") are the only extant members of Hominina tribe (or human tribe), a branch of the tribe Hominini belonging to the family of great apes. They are characterized by erect posture and bipedal locomotion; manual dexterity and increased tool use, compared to other animals; and a general trend toward larger, more complex brains and societies.

text: Modern

text: humans

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: primarily

text: ssp

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: sapiens

text: are

text: the

text: only

text: extant

text: members

text: of

text: Hominina

text: tribe

text: or

text: human

text: tribe

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: tribe

text: Hominini

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: family

text: of

text: great

text: apes

text: They

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: erect

text: posture

text: and

text: bipedal

text: locomotion

text: manual

text: dexterity

text: and

text: increased

text: tool

text: use

text: compared

text: to

text: other

text: animals

text: and

text: general

text: trend

text: toward

text: larger

text: more

text: complex

text: brains

text: and

text: societies

text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: Area studies are interdisciplinary fields of research and scholarship pertaining to particular geographical, national/federal, or cultural regions. The term exists primarily as a general description for what are, in the practice of scholarship, many heterogeneous fields of research, encompassing both the social sciences and the humanities. Typical area study programs involve history, political science, sociology, cultural studies, languages, geography, literature, and related disciplines. In contrast to cultural studies, area studies often include diaspora and emigration from the area.

text: Area

text: studies

text: are

text: interdisciplinary

text: fields

text: of

text: research

text: and

text: scholarship

text: pertaining

text: to

text: particular

text: geographical

text: national

text: federal

text: or

text: cultural

text: regions

text: The

text: term

text: exists

text: primarily

text: as

text: general

text: description

text: for

text: what

text: are

text: in

text: the

text: practice

text: of

text: scholarship

text: many

text: heterogeneous

text: fields

text: of

text: research

text: encompassing

text: both

text: the

text: social

text: sciences

text: and

text: the

text: humanities

text: Typical

text: area

text: study

text: programs

text: involve

text: history

text: political

text: science

text: sociology

text: cultural

text: studies

text: languages

text: geography

text: literature

text: and

text: related

text: disciplines

text: In

text: contrast

text: to

text: cultural

text: studies

text: area

text: studies

text: often

text: include

text: diaspora

text: and

text: emigration

text: from

text: the

text: area

text: The University of Edinburgh (abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals), founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's ancient universities. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city of Edinburgh, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: Edin

text: in

text: post

text: nominals

text: founded

text: in

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: oldest

text: university

text: in

text: the

text: English

text: speaking

text: world

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: Scotland

text: 's

text: ancient

text: universities

text: The

text: university

text: is

text: deeply

text: embedded

text: in

text: the

text: fabric

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Edinburgh

text: with

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: buildings

text: in

text: the

text: historic

text: Old

text: Town

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: university

text: Chris Philo FAcSS ( born 1960 ) is Professor of Geography at the Department of Geographical and Earth Sciences , the University of Glasgow . Philo graduated from the Sidney Sussex College of Cambridge University and became a Research Fellow there . In 1989 he joined the Department of Geography at the University of Wales , Lampeter , holding that post for six years , until 1995 . He then joined the University of Glasgow as a Professor , becoming head of the department in 2002 . In 2006 Chris was replaced as Head of Department by Professor Trevor Hoey and was enlisted on the Geography and Environmental Studies RAE Sub-Panel . Traditionally his interests have been in the historical geographies of ' madness ' and mental health and mental health care provision . Later , he dabbled in the emerging , and increasingly significant , sub-discipline of animal geographies . A devotee of the work of Michel Foucault , his research extended and localised Foucault 's history of madness to England and Wales . Over a decade in the writing his major work was published by a minor press in Wales as A Geographical History of Institutional Provision for the Insane from Medieval Times to the 1860s in England and Wales : The Space Reserved for Insanity . Always a generous collaborator , he has co-edited numerous general anthologies of human geography . Most recently , he has examined , with Eric Laurier , cafe culture in Glasgow .

text: Chris

text: Philo

text: FAcSS

text: born

text: is

text: Professor

text: of

text: Geography

text: at

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Geographical

text: and

text: Earth

text: Sciences

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Glasgow

text: Philo

text: graduated

text: from

text: the

text: Sidney

text: Sussex

text: College

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: University

text: and

text: became

text: Research

text: Fellow

text: there

text: In

text: he

text: joined

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Geography

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Wales

text: Lampeter

text: holding

text: that

text: post

text: for

text: six

text: years

text: until

text: He

text: then

text: joined

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Glasgow

text: as

text: Professor

text: becoming

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: department

text: in

text: In

text: Chris

text: was

text: replaced

text: as

text: Head

text: of

text: Department

text: by

text: Professor

text: Trevor

text: Hoey

text: and

text: was

text: enlisted

text: on

text: the

text: Geography

text: and

text: Environmental

text: Studies

text: RAE

text: Sub

text: Panel

text: Traditionally

text: his

text: interests

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: historical

text: geographies

text: of

text: madness

text: and

text: mental

text: health

text: and

text: mental

text: health

text: care

text: provision

text: Later

text: he

text: dabbled

text: in

text: the

text: emerging

text: and

text: increasingly

text: significant

text: sub

text: discipline

text: of

text: animal

text: geographies

text: devotee

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: Michel

text: Foucault

text: his

text: research

text: extended

text: and

text: localised

text: Foucault

text: 's

text: history

text: of

text: madness

text: to

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: Over

text: decade

text: in

text: the

text: writing

text: his

text: major

text: work

text: was

text: published

text: by

text: minor

text: press

text: in

text: Wales

text: as

text: Geographical

text: History

text: of

text: Institutional

text: Provision

text: for

text: the

text: Insane

text: from

text: Medieval

text: Times

text: to

text: the

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: Wales

text: The

text: Space

text: Reserved

text: for

text: Insanity

text: Always

text: generous

text: collaborator

text: he

text: has

text: co

text: edited

text: numerous

text: general

text: anthologies

text: of

text: human

text: geography

text: Most

text: recently

text: he

text: has

text: examined

text: with

text: Eric

text: Laurier

text: cafe

text: culture

text: in

text: Glasgow

text: The Russell Group is a self-selected association of twenty-four public research universities in the United Kingdom. The group is headquartered in London and was established in 1994 to represent its members' interests, principally to government and parliament; nineteen smaller British research universities formed the 1994 Group in response, which has since dissolved. In 2010, Russell Group members received approximately two-thirds of all university research grant and contract income in the United Kingdom. The group is widely perceived as representing the best universities in the country.

text: The

text: Russell

text: Group

text: is

text: self

text: selected

text: association

text: of

text: twenty

text: four

text: public

text: research

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: group

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: London

text: and

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: to

text: represent

text: its

text: members

text: interests

text: principally

text: to

text: government

text: and

text: parliament

text: nineteen

text: smaller

text: British

text: research

text: universities

text: formed

text: the

text: Group

text: in

text: response

text: which

text: has

text: since

text: dissolved

text: In

text: Russell

text: Group

text: members

text: received

text: approximately

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: all

text: university

text: research

text: grant

text: and

text: contract

text: income

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: group

text: is

text: widely

text: perceived

text: as

text: representing

text: the

text: best

text: universities

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Glasgow  is the largest city in Scotland, and third largest in the United Kingdom. Historically part of Lanarkshire, it is now one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. It is situated on the River Clyde in the country's West Central Lowlands. Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians.

text: Glasgow

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Historically

text: part

text: of

text: Lanarkshire

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: council

text: areas

text: of

text: Scotland

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Clyde

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: West

text: Central

text: Lowlands

text: Inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Glaswegians

text: The River Clyde is a river, that flows into the Firth of Clyde in Scotland. It is the eighth-longest river in the United Kingdom, and the second-longest in Scotland. Flowing through the major city of Glasgow, it was an important river for shipbuilding and trade in the British Empire. In the early medieval Cumbric language it was known as "Clud" or "Clut", and was central to the Kingdom of Strathclyde ("Teyrnas Ystrad Clut").

text: The

text: River

text: Clyde

text: is

text: river

text: that

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: Firth

text: of

text: Clyde

text: in

text: Scotland

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: longest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: in

text: Scotland

text: Flowing

text: through

text: the

text: major

text: city

text: of

text: Glasgow

text: it

text: was

text: an

text: important

text: river

text: for

text: shipbuilding

text: and

text: trade

text: in

text: the

text: British

text: Empire

text: In

text: the

text: early

text: medieval

text: Cumbric

text: language

text: it

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Clud

text: or

text: Clut

text: and

text: was

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Strathclyde

text: Teyrnas

text: Ystrad

text: Clut

text: Art is a diverse range of human activities in creating visual, auditory or performing artifacts (artworks), expressing the author's imaginative or technical skill, intended to be appreciated for their beauty or emotional power. In their most general form these activities include the production of works of art, the criticism of art, the study of the history of art, and the aesthetic dissemination of art.

text: Art

text: is

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: human

text: activities

text: in

text: creating

text: visual

text: auditory

text: or

text: performing

text: artifacts

text: artworks

text: expressing

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: imaginative

text: or

text: technical

text: skill

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: appreciated

text: for

text: their

text: beauty

text: or

text: emotional

text: power

text: In

text: their

text: most

text: general

text: form

text: these

text: activities

text: include

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: works

text: of

text: art

text: the

text: criticism

text: of

text: art

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: the

text: aesthetic

text: dissemination

text: of

text: art

text: Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

text: Science

text: is

text: systematic

text: enterprise

text: that

text: builds

text: and

text: organizes

text: knowledge

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: testable

text: explanations

text: and

text: predictions

text: about

text: the

text: universe

annotations: likely single

annotations: likely multiple

question: occupation chris philo

answer: geographer

text: geographer


text: Carrefour Express is a supermarket chain , owned by the French corporation Carrefour and operating convenience stores in several countries .

text: Carrefour

text: Express

text: is

text: supermarket

text: chain

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: corporation

text: Carrefour

text: and

text: operating

text: convenience

text: stores

text: in

text: several

text: countries

text: Hauts-de-Seine (literally "Seine Heights") is a department of France. It is part of the Métropole du Grand Paris and of the Île-de-France region, and covers the western inner suburbs of Paris. It is small and densely populated and contains the modern office, theatre, and shopping complex known as "La Défense".

text: Hauts

text: de

text: Seine

text: literally

text: Seine

text: Heights

text: is

text: department

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Métropole

text: du

text: Grand

text: Paris

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: region

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: western

text: inner

text: suburbs

text: of

text: Paris

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: and

text: densely

text: populated

text: and

text: contains

text: the

text: modern

text: office

text: theatre

text: and

text: shopping

text: complex

text: known

text: as

text: La

text: Défense

text: In commerce, a hypermarket is a superstore combining a supermarket and a department store. The result is an expansive retail facility carrying a wide range of products under one roof, including full groceries lines and general merchandise. In theory, hypermarkets allow customers to satisfy all their routine shopping needs in one trip. The term "hypermarket" was coined in 1968 by French trade expert Jacques Pictet.

text: In

text: commerce

text: hypermarket

text: is

text: superstore

text: combining

text: supermarket

text: and

text: department

text: store

text: The

text: result

text: is

text: an

text: expansive

text: retail

text: facility

text: carrying

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: products

text: under

text: one

text: roof

text: including

text: full

text: groceries

text: lines

text: and

text: general

text: merchandise

text: In

text: theory

text: hypermarkets

text: allow

text: customers

text: to

text: satisfy

text: all

text: their

text: routine

text: shopping

text: needs

text: in

text: one

text: trip

text: The

text: term

text: hypermarket

text: was

text: coined

text: in

text: by

text: French

text: trade

text: expert

text: Jacques

text: Pictet

text: Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retailing corporation that operates as a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores. Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969. , Walmart has 11,666 stores and clubs in 28countries, under a total of 63banners. The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada. It operates as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India. It has wholly owned operations in Argentina, Brazil, and Canada. It also owns and operates the Sam's Club retail warehouses.

text: Wal

text: Mart

text: Stores

text: Inc.

text: doing

text: business

text: as

text: Walmart

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: multinational

text: retailing

text: corporation

text: that

text: operates

text: as

text: chain

text: of

text: hypermarkets

text: discount

text: department

text: stores

text: and

text: grocery

text: stores

text: Headquartered

text: in

text: Bentonville

text: Arkansas

text: the

text: company

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Sam

text: Walton

text: in

text: and

text: incorporated

text: on

text: October

text: Walmart

text: has

text: stores

text: and

text: clubs

text: in

text: under

text: total

text: of

text: The

text: company

text: operates

text: under

text: the

text: name

text: Walmart

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: It

text: operates

text: as

text: Walmart

text: de

text: México

text: Centroamérica

text: in

text: Mexico

text: and

text: Central

text: America

text: as

text: Asda

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: the

text: Seiyu

text: Group

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: as

text: Best

text: Price

text: in

text: India

text: It

text: has

text: wholly

text: owned

text: operations

text: in

text: Argentina

text: Brazil

text: and

text: Canada

text: It

text: also

text: owns

text: and

text: operates

text: the

text: Sam

text: 's

text: Club

text: retail

text: warehouses

text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text:
Retail involves the process of selling consumer goods or services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit. Demand is identified and then satisfied through a supply chain. Attempts are made to increase demand through advertising. In the 2000s, an increasing amount of retailing began occurring online using electronic payment and delivery via a courier or via postal mail.
Retailing as a sector includes subordinated services, such as delivery. The term "retailer" is also applied where a service provider services the small orders of a large number of individuals, rather than large orders of a small number of wholesale, corporate or government clientele. Shops may be on residential streets, streets with few or no houses, or in a shopping mall. Shopping streets may restrict traffic to pedestrians only. Sometimes a shopping street has a partial or full roof to create a more comfortable shopping environment  protecting customers from various types of weather conditions such as extreme temperatures, winds or precipitation. Forms of non-shop retailing include online retailing (a type of electronic-commerce used for business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions) and mail order.

text: Retail

text: involves

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: selling

text: consumer

text: goods

text: or

text: services

text: to

text: customers

text: through

text: multiple

text: channels

text: of

text: distribution

text: to

text: earn

text: profit

text: Demand

text: is

text: identified

text: and

text: then

text: satisfied

text: through

text: supply

text: chain

text: Attempts

text: are

text: made

text: to

text: increase

text: demand

text: through

text: advertising

text: In

text: the

text: an

text: increasing

text: amount

text: of

text: retailing

text: began

text: occurring

text: online

text: using

text: electronic

text: payment

text: and

text: delivery

text: via

text: courier

text: or

text: via

text: postal

text: mail

text: Retailing

text: as

text: sector

text: includes

text: subordinated

text: services

text: such

text: as

text: delivery

text: The

text: term

text: retailer

text: is

text: also

text: applied

text: where

text: service

text: provider

text: services

text: the

text: small

text: orders

text: of

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: individuals

text: rather

text: than

text: large

text: orders

text: of

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: wholesale

text: corporate

text: or

text: government

text: clientele

text: Shops

text: may

text: be

text: on

text: residential

text: streets

text: streets

text: with

text: few

text: or

text: no

text: houses

text: or

text: in

text: shopping

text: mall

text: Shopping

text: streets

text: may

text: restrict

text: traffic

text: to

text: pedestrians

text: only

text: Sometimes

text: shopping

text: street

text: has

text: partial

text: or

text: full

text: roof

text: to

text: create

text: more

text: comfortable

text: shopping

text: environment

text: protecting

text: customers

text: from

text: various

text: types

text: of

text: weather

text: conditions

text: such

text: as

text: extreme

text: temperatures

text: winds

text: or

text: precipitation

text: Forms

text: of

text: non

text: shop

text: retailing

text: include

text: online

text: retailing

text: type

text: of

text: electronic

text: commerce

text: used

text: for

text: business

text: to

text: consumer

text: transactions

text: and

text: mail

text: order

text: The EURO STOXX 50 is a stock index of Eurozone stocks designed by STOXX, an index provider owned by Deutsche Börse Group. According to STOXX, its goal is "to provide a blue-chip representation of Supersector leaders in the Eurozone". It is made up of fifty of the largest and most liquid stocks. The index futures and options on the EURO STOXX 50, traded on Eurex, are among the most liquid such products in Europe and the world.

text: The

text: EURO

text: STOXX

text: is

text: stock

text: index

text: of

text: Eurozone

text: stocks

text: designed

text: by

text: STOXX

text: an

text: index

text: provider

text: owned

text: by

text: Deutsche

text: Börse

text: Group

text: According

text: to

text: STOXX

text: its

text: goal

text: is

text: to

text: provide

text: blue

text: chip

text: representation

text: of

text: Supersector

text: leaders

text: in

text: the

text: Eurozone

text: It

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: fifty

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: liquid

text: stocks

text: The

text: index

text: futures

text: and

text: options

text: on

text: the

text: EURO

text: STOXX

text: traded

text: on

text: Eurex

text: are

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: liquid

text: such

text: products

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: A convenience store is a small retail business that stocks a range of everyday items such as groceries, snack foods, confectionery, soft drinks, tobacco products, over-the-counter drugs, toiletries, newspapers, and magazines. In some jurisdictions, corner stores are licensed to sell alcohol, typically beer and wine. Such stores may also offer money order and wire transfer services. They differ from general stores and village shops in that they are not in a rural location and are used as a convenient supplement to larger stores.

text: convenience

text: store

text: is

text: small

text: retail

text: business

text: that

text: stocks

text: range

text: of

text: everyday

text: items

text: such

text: as

text: groceries

text: snack

text: foods

text: confectionery

text: soft

text: drinks

text: tobacco

text: products

text: over

text: the

text: counter

text: drugs

text: toiletries

text: newspapers

text: and

text: magazines

text: In

text: some

text: jurisdictions

text: corner

text: stores

text: are

text: licensed

text: to

text: sell

text: alcohol

text: typically

text: beer

text: and

text: wine

text: Such

text: stores

text: may

text: also

text: offer

text: money

text: order

text: and

text: wire

text: transfer

text: services

text: They

text: differ

text: from

text: general

text: stores

text: and

text: village

text: shops

text: in

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: not

text: in

text: rural

text: location

text: and

text: are

text: used

text: as

text: convenient

text: supplement

text: to

text: larger

text: stores

text: Carrefour S.A. is a French multinational retailer headquartered in Boulogne Billancourt, France, in the Hauts-de-Seine Department near Paris. It is one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world (with close to 1,600 hypermarkets at the end of 2015) and second largest retail group in the world in terms of revenue (after Walmart), and the second in profit (after Walmart). Carrefour operates in more than 30 countries, in Europe, the Americas, Asia and Africa. Carrefour means "crossroads" and "public square" in French. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index.

text: Carrefour

text: S.A.

text: is

text: French

text: multinational

text: retailer

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Boulogne

text: Billancourt

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Hauts

text: de

text: Seine

text: Department

text: near

text: Paris

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: hypermarket

text: chains

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: close

text: to

text: hypermarkets

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: retail

text: group

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: revenue

text: after

text: Walmart

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: in

text: profit

text: after

text: Walmart

text: Carrefour

text: operates

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: countries

text: in

text: Europe

text: the

text: Americas

text: Asia

text: and

text: Africa

text: Carrefour

text: means

text: crossroads

text: and

text: public

text: square

text: in

text: French

text: The

text: company

text: is

text: component

text: of

text: the

text: Euro

text: Stoxx

text: stock

text: market

text: index

text: A stock index or stock market index is a measurement of the value of a section of the stock market. It is computed from the prices of selected stocks (typically a weighted average). It is a tool used by investors and financial managers to describe the market, and to compare the return on specific investments.

text: stock

text: index

text: or

text: stock

text: market

text: index

text: is

text: measurement

text: of

text: the

text: value

text: of

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: stock

text: market

text: It

text: is

text: computed

text: from

text: the

text: prices

text: of

text: selected

text: stocks

text: typically

text: weighted

text: average

text: It

text: is

text: tool

text: used

text: by

text: investors

text: and

text: financial

text: managers

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: market

text: and

text: to

text: compare

text: the

text: return

text: on

text: specific

text: investments

question: instance_of carrefour express

answer: shopping mall

text: shopping mall