text: Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state.

text: Italy

text: officially

text: the

text: Italian

text: Republic

text: is

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Italy

text: shares

text: open

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: France

text: Switzerland

text: Austria

text: Slovenia

text: San

text: Marino

text: and

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Italy

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: shape

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: in

text: Italy

text: as

text: lo

text: Stivale

text: the

text: Boot

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: EU

text: member

text: state

text: Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is a term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world. It is the period in which Greek and Roman society flourished and wielded great influence throughout Europe, North Africa and Southwestern Asia.

text: Classical

text: antiquity

text: also

text: the

text: classical

text: era

text: classical

text: period

text: or

text: classical

text: age

text: is

text: term

text: for

text: long

text: period

text: of

text: cultural

text: history

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: comprising

text: the

text: interlocking

text: civilizations

text: of

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: and

text: ancient

text: Rome

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: in

text: which

text: Greek

text: and

text: Roman

text: society

text: flourished

text: and

text: wielded

text: great

text: influence

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: Southwestern

text: Asia

text: Rome is a city and special "comune" (named "Roma Capitale") in Italy. Rome is the capital of Italy and of the Lazio region. With 2,870,336 residents in , it is also the country's largest and most populated "comune" and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. The Metropolitan City of Rome has a population of 4.3 million residents. The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of Tiber river. The Vatican City is an independent country geographically located within the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states.

text: Rome

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: special

text: comune

text: named

text: Roma

text: Capitale

text: in

text: Italy

text: Rome

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Italy

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Lazio

text: region

text: With

text: residents

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: comune

text: and

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: by

text: population

text: within

text: city

text: limits

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Rome

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: residents

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: central

text: western

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: Peninsula

text: within

text: Lazio

text: Latium

text: along

text: the

text: shores

text: of

text: Tiber

text: river

text: The

text: Vatican

text: City

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: country

text: geographically

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: boundaries

text: of

text: Rome

text: the

text: only

text: existing

text: example

text: of

text: country

text: within

text: city

text: for

text: this

text: reason

text: Rome

text: has

text: been

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: capital

text: of

text: two

text: states

text: Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (6 March 1475  18 February 1564) was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western art. Considered to be the greatest living artist during his lifetime, he has since been described as one of the greatest artists of all time. Despite making few forays beyond the arts, his versatility in the disciplines he took up was of such a high order that he is often considered a contender for the title of the archetypal Renaissance man, along with his rival and fellow Florentine Medici client, Leonardo da Vinci.

text: Michelangelo

text: di

text: Lodovico

text: Buonarroti

text: Simoni

text: March

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: sculptor

text: painter

text: architect

text: and

text: poet

text: of

text: the

text: High

text: Renaissance

text: who

text: exerted

text: an

text: unparalleled

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: Western

text: art

text: Considered

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: greatest

text: living

text: artist

text: during

text: his

text: lifetime

text: he

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Despite

text: making

text: few

text: forays

text: beyond

text: the

text: arts

text: his

text: versatility

text: in

text: the

text: disciplines

text: he

text: took

text: up

text: was

text: of

text: such

text: high

text: order

text: that

text: he

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: contender

text: for

text: the

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: archetypal

text: Renaissance

text: man

text: along

text: with

text: his

text: rival

text: and

text: fellow

text: Florentine

text: Medici

text: client

text: Leonardo

text: da

text: Vinci

text: In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

text: In

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: Europe

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: or

text: medieval

text: period

text: lasted

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: fall

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: and

text: merged

text: into

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: the

text: Age

text: of

text: Discovery

text: The

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: is

text: the

text: middle

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: traditional

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: history

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: and

text: the

text: modern

text: period

text: The

text: medieval

text: period

text: is

text: itself

text: subdivided

text: into

text: the

text: Early

text: High

text: and

text: Late

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the Metropolitan City of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants, expanding to over 1,520,000 in the metropolitan area.

text: Florence

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: region

text: of

text: Tuscany

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Florence

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: Tuscany

text: with

text: inhabitants

text: expanding

text: to

text: over

text: in

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: Renaissance art is the painting, sculpture and decorative arts of that period of European history known as the Renaissance, emerging as a distinct style in Italy in about 1400, in parallel with developments which occurred in philosophy, literature, music and science. The Renaissance art, perceived as the noblest of ancient traditions, took as its foundation the art of Classical antiquity, but transformed that tradition by absorbing recent developments in the art of Northern Europe and by applying contemporary scientific knowledge. Renaissance art, with Renaissance Humanist philosophy, spread throughout Europe, affecting both artists and their patrons with the development of new techniques and new artistic sensibilities. Renaissance art marks the transition of Europe from the medieval period to the Early Modern age.

text: Renaissance

text: art

text: is

text: the

text: painting

text: sculpture

text: and

text: decorative

text: arts

text: of

text: that

text: period

text: of

text: European

text: history

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: emerging

text: as

text: distinct

text: style

text: in

text: Italy

text: in

text: about

text: in

text: parallel

text: with

text: developments

text: which

text: occurred

text: in

text: philosophy

text: literature

text: music

text: and

text: science

text: The

text: Renaissance

text: art

text: perceived

text: as

text: the

text: noblest

text: of

text: ancient

text: traditions

text: took

text: as

text: its

text: foundation

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: Classical

text: antiquity

text: but

text: transformed

text: that

text: tradition

text: by

text: absorbing

text: recent

text: developments

text: in

text: the

text: art

text: of

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: and

text: by

text: applying

text: contemporary

text: scientific

text: knowledge

text: Renaissance

text: art

text: with

text: Renaissance

text: Humanist

text: philosophy

text: spread

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: affecting

text: both

text: artists

text: and

text: their

text: patrons

text: with

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: new

text: techniques

text: and

text: new

text: artistic

text: sensibilities

text: Renaissance

text: art

text: marks

text: the

text: transition

text: of

text: Europe

text: from

text: the

text: medieval

text: period

text: to

text: the

text: Early

text: Modern

text: age

text: The Italian Renaissance was the earliest manifestation of the general European Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement that began in Italy during the 14th century and lasted until the 16th century, marking the transition between Medieval and Early Modern Europe. The term Renaissance is in essence a modern one that came into currency in the 19th century, in the work of historians such as Jules Michelet and Jacob Burckhardt. Although the origins of a movement that was confined largely to the literate culture of intellectual endeavor and patronage can be traced to the earlier part of the 14th century, many aspects of Italian culture and society remained largely Medieval; the Renaissance did not come into full swing until the end of the century. The French word "renaissance" ("Rinascimento" in Italian) means "Rebirth", and the era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of classical antiquity after the period that Renaissance humanists labeled the Dark Ages.

text: The

text: Italian

text: Renaissance

text: was

text: the

text: earliest

text: manifestation

text: of

text: the

text: general

text: European

text: Renaissance

text: period

text: of

text: great

text: cultural

text: change

text: and

text: achievement

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: Italy

text: during

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: lasted

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: marking

text: the

text: transition

text: between

text: Medieval

text: and

text: Early

text: Modern

text: Europe

text: The

text: term

text: Renaissance

text: is

text: in

text: essence

text: modern

text: one

text: that

text: came

text: into

text: currency

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: in

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: historians

text: such

text: as

text: Jules

text: Michelet

text: and

text: Jacob

text: Burckhardt

text: Although

text: the

text: origins

text: of

text: movement

text: that

text: was

text: confined

text: largely

text: to

text: the

text: literate

text: culture

text: of

text: intellectual

text: endeavor

text: and

text: patronage

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: to

text: the

text: earlier

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: many

text: aspects

text: of

text: Italian

text: culture

text: and

text: society

text: remained

text: largely

text: Medieval

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: did

text: not

text: come

text: into

text: full

text: swing

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: French

text: word

text: renaissance

text: Rinascimento

text: in

text: Italian

text: means

text: Rebirth

text: and

text: the

text: era

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: renewed

text: interest

text: in

text: the

text: culture

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: after

text: the

text: period

text: that

text: Renaissance

text: humanists

text: labeled

text: the

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: The Sistine Chapel  is a chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope, in Vatican City. Originally known as the "Cappella Magna", the chapel takes its name from Pope Sixtus IV, who restored it between 1477 and 1480. Since that time, the chapel has served as a place of both religious and functionary papal activity. Today it is the site of the Papal conclave, the process by which a new pope is selected. The fame of the Sistine Chapel lies mainly in the frescos that decorate the interior, and most particularly the Sistine Chapel ceiling and "The Last Judgment" by Michelangelo.

text: The

text: Sistine

text: Chapel

text: is

text: chapel

text: in

text: the

text: Apostolic

text: Palace

text: the

text: official

text: residence

text: of

text: the

text: Pope

text: in

text: Vatican

text: City

text: Originally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cappella

text: Magna

text: the

text: chapel

text: takes

text: its

text: name

text: from

text: Pope

text: Sixtus

text: IV

text: who

text: restored

text: it

text: between

text: and

text: Since

text: that

text: time

text: the

text: chapel

text: has

text: served

text: as

text: place

text: of

text: both

text: religious

text: and

text: functionary

text: papal

text: activity

text: Today

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: the

text: Papal

text: conclave

text: the

text: process

text: by

text: which

text: new

text: pope

text: is

text: selected

text: The

text: fame

text: of

text: the

text: Sistine

text: Chapel

text: lies

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: frescos

text: that

text: decorate

text: the

text: interior

text: and

text: most

text: particularly

text: the

text: Sistine

text: Chapel

text: ceiling

text: and

text: The

text: Last

text: Judgment

text: by

text: Michelangelo

text: Vatican City , officially Vatican City State or the State of Vatican City, is a walled enclave within the city of Rome. With an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of 842, it is the smallest State in the world by both area and population, but formally it is not sovereign, sovereignty being held by the Holy See, the only entity of public international law that has diplomatic relations with almost every country in the world.

text: Vatican

text: City

text: officially

text: Vatican

text: City

text: State

text: or

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Vatican

text: City

text: is

text: walled

text: enclave

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Rome

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: hectares

text: acres

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: State

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: both

text: area

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: formally

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: sovereign

text: sovereignty

text: being

text: held

text: by

text: the

text: Holy

text: See

text: the

text: only

text: entity

text: of

text: public

text: international

text: law

text: that

text: has

text: diplomatic

text: relations

text: with

text: almost

text: every

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Lorenzo de' Medici (1 January 1449  9 April 1492) was an Italian statesman and "de facto" ruler of the Florentine Republic, who was one of the most powerful and enthusiastic patrons of the Renaissance. Also known as Lorenzo the Magnificent ("Lorenzo il Magnifico" ) by contemporary Florentines, he was a magnate, diplomat, politician and patron of scholars, artists and poets. He is well known for his contribution to the art world by sponsoring artists such as Botticelli and Michelangelo. His life coincided with the mature phase of Italian Renaissance and his death coincided with the end of the Golden Age of Florence. The fragile peace that he helped maintain among the various Italian states collapsed with his death. He is buried in the Medici Chapel in Florence.

text: Lorenzo

text: de

text: Medici

text: January

text: April

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: statesman

text: and

text: de

text: facto

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Florentine

text: Republic

text: who

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: powerful

text: and

text: enthusiastic

text: patrons

text: of

text: the

text: Renaissance

text: Also

text: known

text: as

text: Lorenzo

text: the

text: Magnificent

text: Lorenzo

text: il

text: Magnifico

text: by

text: contemporary

text: Florentines

text: he

text: was

text: magnate

text: diplomat

text: politician

text: and

text: patron

text: of

text: scholars

text: artists

text: and

text: poets

text: He

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: contribution

text: to

text: the

text: art

text: world

text: by

text: sponsoring

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Botticelli

text: and

text: Michelangelo

text: His

text: life

text: coincided

text: with

text: the

text: mature

text: phase

text: of

text: Italian

text: Renaissance

text: and

text: his

text: death

text: coincided

text: with

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Golden

text: Age

text: of

text: Florence

text: The

text: fragile

text: peace

text: that

text: he

text: helped

text: maintain

text: among

text: the

text: various

text: Italian

text: states

text: collapsed

text: with

text: his

text: death

text: He

text: is

text: buried

text: in

text: the

text: Medici

text: Chapel

text: in

text: Florence

text: The Apostolic Palace is the official residence of the Pope, which is located in Vatican City. It is also known as the Papal Palace, Palace of the Vatican and Vatican Palace. The Vatican itself refers to the building as the Palace of Sixtus V in honor of Pope Sixtus V.

text: The

text: Apostolic

text: Palace

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: residence

text: of

text: the

text: Pope

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Vatican

text: City

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Papal

text: Palace

text: Palace

text: of

text: the

text: Vatican

text: and

text: Vatican

text: Palace

text: The

text: Vatican

text: itself

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: building

text: as

text: the

text: Palace

text: of

text: Sixtus

text: in

text: honor

text: of

text: Pope

text: Sixtus

text: Johann Joachim Winckelmann (9 December 1717  8 June 1768) was a German art historian and archaeologist. He was a pioneering Hellenist who first articulated the difference between Greek, Greco-Roman and Roman art. "The prophet and founding hero of modern archaeology", Winckelmann was one of the founders of scientific archaeology and first applied the categories of style on a large, systematic basis to the history of art. Many consider him the father of the discipline of art history. His would be the decisive influence on the rise of the neoclassical movement during the late 18th century. His writings influenced not only a new science of archaeology and art history but Western painting, sculpture, literature and even philosophy. Winckelmann's "History of Ancient Art" (1764) was one of the first books written in German to become a classic of European literature. His subsequent influence on Lessing, Herder, Goethe, Hölderlin, Heine, Nietzsche, George, and Spengler has been provocatively called "the Tyranny of Greece over Germany."

text: Johann

text: Joachim

text: Winckelmann

text: December

text: June

text: was

text: German

text: art

text: historian

text: and

text: archaeologist

text: He

text: was

text: pioneering

text: Hellenist

text: who

text: first

text: articulated

text: the

text: difference

text: between

text: Greek

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: and

text: Roman

text: art

text: The

text: prophet

text: and

text: founding

text: hero

text: of

text: modern

text: archaeology

text: Winckelmann

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: scientific

text: archaeology

text: and

text: first

text: applied

text: the

text: categories

text: of

text: style

text: on

text: large

text: systematic

text: basis

text: to

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: art

text: Many

text: consider

text: him

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: discipline

text: of

text: art

text: history

text: His

text: would

text: be

text: the

text: decisive

text: influence

text: on

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: neoclassical

text: movement

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: His

text: writings

text: influenced

text: not

text: only

text: new

text: science

text: of

text: archaeology

text: and

text: art

text: history

text: but

text: Western

text: painting

text: sculpture

text: literature

text: and

text: even

text: philosophy

text: Winckelmann

text: 's

text: History

text: of

text: Ancient

text: Art

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: books

text: written

text: in

text: German

text: to

text: become

text: classic

text: of

text: European

text: literature

text: His

text: subsequent

text: influence

text: on

text: Lessing

text: Herder

text: Goethe

text: Hölderlin

text: Heine

text: Nietzsche

text: George

text: and

text: Spengler

text: has

text: been

text: provocatively

text: called

text: the

text: Tyranny

text: of

text: Greece

text: over

text: Germany

text: A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the roof structure or the floor of a storey above. Ceilings can be decorated to taste, and there are many fine examples of frescoes and artwork on ceilings especially in religious buildings.

text: ceiling

text: is

text: an

text: overhead

text: interior

text: surface

text: that

text: covers

text: the

text: upper

text: limits

text: of

text: room

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: generally

text: considered

text: structural

text: element

text: but

text: finished

text: surface

text: concealing

text: the

text: underside

text: of

text: the

text: roof

text: structure

text: or

text: the

text: floor

text: of

text: storey

text: above

text: Ceilings

text: can

text: be

text: decorated

text: to

text: taste

text: and

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: fine

text: examples

text: of

text: frescoes

text: and

text: artwork

text: on

text: ceilings

text: especially

text: in

text: religious

text: buildings

text: A room is any distinguishable space within a structure. Usually, a room is separated from other spaces or passageways by interior walls; moreover, it is separated from outdoor areas by an exterior wall, sometimes with a door. Historically the use of rooms dates at least to early Minoan cultures about 2200 BC, where excavations on Santorini, Greece at Akrotiri reveal clearly defined rooms within certain structures.

text: room

text: is

text: any

text: distinguishable

text: space

text: within

text: structure

text: Usually

text: room

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: other

text: spaces

text: or

text: passageways

text: by

text: interior

text: walls

text: moreover

text: it

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: outdoor

text: areas

text: by

text: an

text: exterior

text: wall

text: sometimes

text: with

text: door

text: Historically

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: rooms

text: dates

text: at

text: least

text: to

text: early

text: Minoan

text: cultures

text: about

text: BC

text: where

text: excavations

text: on

text: Santorini

text: Greece

text: at

text: Akrotiri

text: reveal

text: clearly

text: defined

text: rooms

text: within

text: certain

text: structures

text: The Sistine Chapel ceiling , painted by Michelangelo between 1508 and 1512 , is a cornerstone work of High Renaissance art. The ceiling is that of the Sistine Chapel , the large papal chapel built within the Vatican between 1477 and 1480 by Pope Sixtus IV , for whom the chapel is named . It was painted at the commission of Pope Julius II. The chapel is the location for papal conclaves and many important services . The ceiling 's various painted elements form part of a larger scheme of decoration within the Chapel , which includes the large fresco The Last Judgment on the sanctuary wall , also by Michelangelo , wall paintings by several leading painters of the late 15th century including Sandro Botticelli , Domenico Ghirlandaio and Pietro Perugino , and a set of large tapestries by Raphael , the whole illustrating much of the doctrine of the Catholic Church . Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis of which The Creation of Adam is the best known , having an iconic standing equalled only by Leonardo da Vinci 's Mona Lisa , the hands of God and Adam being reproduced in countless imitations . The complex design includes several sets of individual figures , both clothed and nude , which allowed Michelangelo to fully demonstrate his skill in creating a huge variety of poses for the human figure , and have provided an enormously influential pattern book of models for other artists ever since .

text: The

text: Sistine

text: Chapel

text: ceiling

text: painted

text: by

text: Michelangelo

text: between

text: and

text: is

text: cornerstone

text: work

text: of

text: High

text: Renaissance

text: art

text: The

text: ceiling

text: is

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: Sistine

text: Chapel

text: the

text: large

text: papal

text: chapel

text: built

text: within

text: the

text: Vatican

text: between

text: and

text: by

text: Pope

text: Sixtus

text: IV

text: for

text: whom

text: the

text: chapel

text: is

text: named

text: It

text: was

text: painted

text: at

text: the

text: commission

text: of

text: Pope

text: Julius

text: II

text: The

text: chapel

text: is

text: the

text: location

text: for

text: papal

text: conclaves

text: and

text: many

text: important

text: services

text: The

text: ceiling

text: 's

text: various

text: painted

text: elements

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: larger

text: scheme

text: of

text: decoration

text: within

text: the

text: Chapel

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: large

text: fresco

text: The

text: Last

text: Judgment

text: on

text: the

text: sanctuary

text: wall

text: also

text: by

text: Michelangelo

text: wall

text: paintings

text: by

text: several

text: leading

text: painters

text: of

text: the

text: late

text: century

text: including

text: Sandro

text: Botticelli

text: Domenico

text: Ghirlandaio

text: and

text: Pietro

text: Perugino

text: and

text: set

text: of

text: large

text: tapestries

text: by

text: Raphael

text: the

text: whole

text: illustrating

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: doctrine

text: of

text: the

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: Central

text: to

text: the

text: ceiling

text: decoration

text: are

text: nine

text: scenes

text: from

text: the

text: Book

text: of

text: Genesis

text: of

text: which

text: The

text: Creation

text: of

text: Adam

text: is

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: having

text: an

text: iconic

text: standing

text: equalled

text: only

text: by

text: Leonardo

text: da

text: Vinci

text: 's

text: Mona

text: Lisa

text: the

text: hands

text: of

text: God

text: and

text: Adam

text: being

text: reproduced

text: in

text: countless

text: imitations

text: The

text: complex

text: design

text: includes

text: several

text: sets

text: of

text: individual

text: figures

text: both

text: clothed

text: and

text: nude

text: which

text: allowed

text: Michelangelo

text: to

text: fully

text: demonstrate

text: his

text: skill

text: in

text: creating

text: huge

text: variety

text: of

text: poses

text: for

text: the

text: human

text: figure

text: and

text: have

text: provided

text: an

text: enormously

text: influential

text: pattern

text: book

text: of

text: models

text: for

text: other

text: artists

text: ever

text: since

text: The pope (from "pappas", a child's word for "father") is the Bishop of Rome and, therefore, the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church. The primacy of the Roman bishop is largely derived from his role as the traditional successor to Saint Peter, to whom Jesus is supposed to have given the keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built. The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI.

text: The

text: pope

text: from

text: pappas

text: child

text: 's

text: word

text: for

text: father

text: is

text: the

text: Bishop

text: of

text: Rome

text: and

text: therefore

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: worldwide

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: The

text: primacy

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: bishop

text: is

text: largely

text: derived

text: from

text: his

text: role

text: as

text: the

text: traditional

text: successor

text: to

text: Saint

text: Peter

text: to

text: whom

text: Jesus

text: is

text: supposed

text: to

text: have

text: given

text: the

text: keys

text: of

text: Heaven

text: and

text: the

text: powers

text: of

text: binding

text: and

text: loosing

text: naming

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: rock

text: upon

text: which

text: the

text: church

text: would

text: be

text: built

text: The

text: current

text: pope

text: is

text: Francis

text: who

text: was

text: elected

text: on

text: March

text: succeeding

text: Benedict

text: XVI

text: The Renaissance was a period in European history, from the 14th to the 17th century, regarded as the cultural bridge between the Middle Ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the Late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe, marking the beginning of the Early Modern Age.

text: The

text: Renaissance

text: was

text: period

text: in

text: European

text: history

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: bridge

text: between

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: modern

text: history

text: It

text: started

text: as

text: cultural

text: movement

text: in

text: Italy

text: in

text: the

text: Late

text: Medieval

text: period

text: and

text: later

text: spread

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Europe

text: marking

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Modern

text: Age

text: A cultural movement is a change in the way a number of different disciplines approach their work. This embodies all art forms, the sciences, and philosophies. Historically, different nations or regions of the world have gone through their own independent sequence of movements in culture, but as world communications have accelerated this geographical distinction has become less distinct. When cultural movements go through revolutions from one to the next, genres tend to get attacked and mixed up, and often new genres are generated and old ones fade. These changes are often reactions against the prior cultural form, which typically has grown stale and repetitive. An obsession emerges among the mainstream with the new movement, and the old one falls into neglect - sometimes it dies out entirely, but often it chugs along favored in a few disciplines and occasionally making reappearances (sometimes prefixed with "neo-").

text: cultural

text: movement

text: is

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: way

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: disciplines

text: approach

text: their

text: work

text: This

text: embodies

text: all

text: art

text: forms

text: the

text: sciences

text: and

text: philosophies

text: Historically

text: different

text: nations

text: or

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: have

text: gone

text: through

text: their

text: own

text: independent

text: sequence

text: of

text: movements

text: in

text: culture

text: but

text: as

text: world

text: communications

text: have

text: accelerated

text: this

text: geographical

text: distinction

text: has

text: become

text: less

text: distinct

text: When

text: cultural

text: movements

text: go

text: through

text: revolutions

text: from

text: one

text: to

text: the

text: next

text: genres

text: tend

text: to

text: get

text: attacked

text: and

text: mixed

text: up

text: and

text: often

text: new

text: genres

text: are

text: generated

text: and

text: old

text: ones

text: fade

text: These

text: changes

text: are

text: often

text: reactions

text: against

text: the

text: prior

text: cultural

text: form

text: which

text: typically

text: has

text: grown

text: stale

text: and

text: repetitive

text: An

text: obsession

text: emerges

text: among

text: the

text: mainstream

text: with

text: the

text: new

text: movement

text: and

text: the

text: old

text: one

text: falls

text: into

text: neglect

text: sometimes

text: it

text: dies

text: out

text: entirely

text: but

text: often

text: it

text: chugs

text: along

text: favored

text: in

text: few

text: disciplines

text: and

text: occasionally

text: making

text: reappearances

text: sometimes

text: prefixed

text: with

text: neo-

text: In art history, High Renaissance is the period denoting the apogee of the visual arts in the Italian Renaissance. The High Renaissance period is traditionally taken to begin in the 1490s, with Leonardo's fresco of the Last Supper in Milan and the death of Lorenzo de' Medici in Florence, and to have ended in 1527 with the sacking of Rome by the troops of Charles V. This term was first used in German (Hochrenaissance) in the early nineteenth century, and has its origins in the "High Style" of painting and sculpture described by Johann Joachim Winckelmann. Over the last twenty years, use of the term has been frequently criticized by academic art historians for oversimplifying artistic developments, ignoring historical context, and focusing only on a few iconic works.

text: In

text: art

text: history

text: High

text: Renaissance

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: denoting

text: the

text: apogee

text: of

text: the

text: visual

text: arts

text: in

text: the

text: Italian

text: Renaissance

text: The

text: High

text: Renaissance

text: period

text: is

text: traditionally

text: taken

text: to

text: begin

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: Leonardo

text: 's

text: fresco

text: of

text: the

text: Last

text: Supper

text: in

text: Milan

text: and

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Lorenzo

text: de

text: Medici

text: in

text: Florence

text: and

text: to

text: have

text: ended

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: sacking

text: of

text: Rome

text: by

text: the

text: troops

text: of

text: Charles

text: This

text: term

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: German

text: Hochrenaissance

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: and

text: has

text: its

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: High

text: Style

text: of

text: painting

text: and

text: sculpture

text: described

text: by

text: Johann

text: Joachim

text: Winckelmann

text: Over

text: the

text: last

text: twenty

text: years

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: has

text: been

text: frequently

text: criticized

text: by

text: academic

text: art

text: historians

text: for

text: oversimplifying

text: artistic

text: developments

text: ignoring

text: historical

text: context

text: and

text: focusing

text: only

text: on

text: few

text: iconic

text: works

question: country sistine chapel ceiling

answer: vatican city

text: vatican city

text: vatican city

text: vatican city

text: vatican city

text: vatican city

text: vatican city

text: vatican city


text: Carrán-Los Venados is a volcanic group of scoria cones, maars and small stratovolcanoes in southern Chile, southeast of Ranco Lake. The highest cone is Los Guindos (Spanish for "The Cherry Trees), which is a small stratovolcano with an elevation of . The volcanic group has recorded eruptions from 1955 and 1979. Located south of Maihue Lake and north Puyehue Volcano Carrán-Los Venados group is placed at the intersection of several faults on the thin crust (~30 km) of southern Chile, among them Liquiñe-Ofqui and Futrono Fault.

text: Carrán

text: Los

text: Venados

text: is

text: volcanic

text: group

text: of

text: scoria

text: cones

text: maars

text: and

text: small

text: stratovolcanoes

text: in

text: southern

text: Chile

text: southeast

text: of

text: Ranco

text: Lake

text: The

text: highest

text: cone

text: is

text: Los

text: Guindos

text: Spanish

text: for

text: The

text: Cherry

text: Trees

text: which

text: is

text: small

text: stratovolcano

text: with

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: The

text: volcanic

text: group

text: has

text: recorded

text: eruptions

text: from

text: and

text: Located

text: south

text: of

text: Maihue

text: Lake

text: and

text: north

text: Puyehue

text: Volcano

text: Carrán

text: Los

text: Venados

text: group

text: is

text: placed

text: at

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: several

text: faults

text: on

text: the

text: thin

text: crust

text: km

text: of

text: southern

text: Chile

text: among

text: them

text: Liquiñe

text: Ofqui

text: and

text: Futrono

text: Fault

text: Ranco Lake is located in Ranco Province of Chile. It is the largest lake of Los Ríos Region and the fourth largest in Chile. Administratively Ranco Lake is split into three communes; La Unión, Futrono and Lago Ranco. The lake hosts a series of islands, of which Huapi Island is the largest. The western half of the lake is roughly circular while the eastern part features deep embayments. Geographically the lake lies in the Andean precordillera, the zone between the Chilean Central Valley and the Andes.

text: Ranco

text: Lake

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Ranco

text: Province

text: of

text: Chile

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: lake

text: of

text: Los

text: Ríos

text: Region

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: in

text: Chile

text: Administratively

text: Ranco

text: Lake

text: is

text: split

text: into

text: three

text: communes

text: La

text: Unión

text: Futrono

text: and

text: Lago

text: Ranco

text: The

text: lake

text: hosts

text: series

text: of

text: islands

text: of

text: which

text: Huapi

text: Island

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: The

text: western

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: is

text: roughly

text: circular

text: while

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: features

text: deep

text: embayments

text: Geographically

text: the

text: lake

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: Andean

text: precordillera

text: the

text: zone

text: between

text: the

text: Chilean

text: Central

text: Valley

text: and

text: the

text: Andes

text: The XIV Los Ríos Region (Spanish: "XIV Región de Los Ríos", literally in English: "XIV Region of the Rivers") is one of Chile's 15 regions, the country's first-order administrative divisions. Its capital is Valdivia. It began to operate as a region on October 2, 2007, having been created by subdividing the Los Lagos Region in southern Chile. It consists of two provinces: Valdivia and the newly created Ranco Province, which was formerly part of Valdivia Province.

text: The

text: XIV

text: Los

text: Ríos

text: Region

text: Spanish

text: XIV

text: Región

text: de

text: Los

text: Ríos

text: literally

text: in

text: English

text: XIV

text: Region

text: of

text: the

text: Rivers

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Chile

text: 's

text: regions

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: first

text: order

text: administrative

text: divisions

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Valdivia

text: It

text: began

text: to

text: operate

text: as

text: region

text: on

text: October

text: having

text: been

text: created

text: by

text: subdividing

text: the

text: Los

text: Lagos

text: Region

text: in

text: southern

text: Chile

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: provinces

text: Valdivia

text: and

text: the

text: newly

text: created

text: Ranco

text: Province

text: which

text: was

text: formerly

text: part

text: of

text: Valdivia

text: Province

text: The Central Valley, Intermediate Depression, or Longitudinal Valley is the depression between the Chilean Coastal Range and the Andes Mountains. The central valley should not be confused with Central Chile that encompasses part of the valley. At its broadest definition, the geological one, the Central Valley has a discontinuous extension from Pampa del Tamarugal at 20° S to Ofqui Isthmus at 46° S. The viticultural Central Valley extends from Santiago southwards to the Bío-Bío Region.

text: The

text: Central

text: Valley

text: Intermediate

text: Depression

text: or

text: Longitudinal

text: Valley

text: is

text: the

text: depression

text: between

text: the

text: Chilean

text: Coastal

text: Range

text: and

text: the

text: Andes

text: Mountains

text: The

text: central

text: valley

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: Central

text: Chile

text: that

text: encompasses

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: valley

text: At

text: its

text: broadest

text: definition

text: the

text: geological

text: one

text: the

text: Central

text: Valley

text: has

text: discontinuous

text: extension

text: from

text: Pampa

text: del

text: Tamarugal

text: at

text: to

text: Ofqui

text: Isthmus

text: at

text: The

text: viticultural

text: Central

text: Valley

text: extends

text: from

text: Santiago

text: southwards

text: to

text: the

text: Bío

text: Bío

text: Region

text: Valdivia is a city and commune in southern Chile, administered by the Municipality of Valdivia. The city is named after its founder Pedro de Valdivia and is located at the confluence of the Calle-Calle, Valdivia, and Cau-Cau Rivers, approximately east of the coastal towns of Corral and Niebla. Since October 2007, Valdivia has been the capital of Los Ríos Region and is also the capital of Valdivia Province. The national census of 2002 census recorded the commune of Valdivia as having 140,559 inhabitants ("Valdivianos"), of whom 127,750 were living in the city. The main economic activities of Valdivia include tourism, wood pulp manufacturing, forestry, metallurgy, and beer production. The city is also the home of the Austral University of Chile, founded in 1954, and the Centro de Estudios Científicos.

text: Valdivia

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: commune

text: in

text: southern

text: Chile

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Municipality

text: of

text: Valdivia

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: its

text: founder

text: Pedro

text: de

text: Valdivia

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: Calle

text: Calle

text: Valdivia

text: and

text: Cau

text: Cau

text: Rivers

text: approximately

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: coastal

text: towns

text: of

text: Corral

text: and

text: Niebla

text: Since

text: October

text: Valdivia

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Los

text: Ríos

text: Region

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Valdivia

text: Province

text: The

text: national

text: census

text: of

text: census

text: recorded

text: the

text: commune

text: of

text: Valdivia

text: as

text: having

text: inhabitants

text: Valdivianos

text: of

text: whom

text: were

text: living

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: The

text: main

text: economic

text: activities

text: of

text: Valdivia

text: include

text: tourism

text: wood

text: pulp

text: manufacturing

text: forestry

text: metallurgy

text: and

text: beer

text: production

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: Austral

text: University

text: of

text: Chile

text: founded

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Centro

text: de

text: Estudios

text: Científicos

text: The Maihue Lake (, Mapudungun for "Wooden glass") is a lake located east of Ranco Lake in the Andean mountains of southern Chile. The lake is of glacial origin and it is enclosed by mountain ranges of the Andes, by all sides, and drains west to Ranco Lake.

text: The

text: Maihue

text: Lake

text: Mapudungun

text: for

text: Wooden

text: glass

text: is

text: lake

text: located

text: east

text: of

text: Ranco

text: Lake

text: in

text: the

text: Andean

text: mountains

text: of

text: southern

text: Chile

text: The

text: lake

text: is

text: of

text: glacial

text: origin

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: enclosed

text: by

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: of

text: the

text: Andes

text: by

text: all

text: sides

text: and

text: drains

text: west

text: to

text: Ranco

text: Lake

text: Hueinahue River is a river in Futrono and Lago Ranco communes, southern Chile. It drains waters from the cordillera at the Argentine border west to Maihue Lake, which in turn flows by Calcurrupe River into Ranco Lake. The river flows in an east-west direction along the Futrono Fault.

text: Hueinahue

text: River

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: Futrono

text: and

text: Lago

text: Ranco

text: communes

text: southern

text: Chile

text: It

text: drains

text: waters

text: from

text: the

text: cordillera

text: at

text: the

text: Argentine

text: border

text: west

text: to

text: Maihue

text: Lake

text: which

text: in

text: turn

text: flows

text: by

text: Calcurrupe

text: River

text: into

text: Ranco

text: Lake

text: The

text: river

text: flows

text: in

text: an

text: east

text: west

text: direction

text: along

text: the

text: Futrono

text: Fault

text: Calcurrupe River (Spanish: "Río Calcurrupe") is a river in Ranco Province, southern Chile. It drains Maihue Lake and flows westward into Ranco Lake of which it is the primary source. The depression through which the river flows corresponds to the Futrono Fault.

text: Calcurrupe

text: River

text: Spanish

text: Río

text: Calcurrupe

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: Ranco

text: Province

text: southern

text: Chile

text: It

text: drains

text: Maihue

text: Lake

text: and

text: flows

text: westward

text: into

text: Ranco

text: Lake

text: of

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: source

text: The

text: depression

text: through

text: which

text: the

text: river

text: flows

text: corresponds

text: to

text: the

text: Futrono

text: Fault

text: Valdivia Province is one of two provinces of the southern Chilean region of Los Ríos (XIV). The provincial capital is Valdivia. Located in the province are two important rivers, the Calle-Calle / Valdivia River and the Cruces River.It is part of Northern Patagonia and its wild virgin forest embrace the Patagonian Cordillera following the river Calle Calle down to the Pacific Ocean. It is known in Patagonia the term "Bosque Valdiviano" referring to the primitive forest of Valdivia with its native trees. These forests are present in some parts of Northern Patagonia, both in Chile and Argentina.

text: Valdivia

text: Province

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: provinces

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: Chilean

text: region

text: of

text: Los

text: Ríos

text: XIV

text: The

text: provincial

text: capital

text: is

text: Valdivia

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: are

text: two

text: important

text: rivers

text: the

text: Calle

text: Calle

text: Valdivia

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Cruces

text: River

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: Northern

text: Patagonia

text: and

text: its

text: wild

text: virgin

text: forest

text: embrace

text: the

text: Patagonian

text: Cordillera

text: following

text: the

text: river

text: Calle

text: Calle

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: known

text: in

text: Patagonia

text: the

text: term

text: Bosque

text: Valdiviano

text: referring

text: to

text: the

text: primitive

text: forest

text: of

text: Valdivia

text: with

text: its

text: native

text: trees

text: These

text: forests

text: are

text: present

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: Northern

text: Patagonia

text: both

text: in

text: Chile

text: and

text: Argentina

text: Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far south. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Chile also claims about of Antarctica, although all claims are suspended under the Antarctic Treaty.

text: Chile

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Chile

text: is

text: South

text: American

text: country

text: occupying

text: long

text: narrow

text: strip

text: of

text: land

text: between

text: the

text: Andes

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: It

text: borders

text: Peru

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Bolivia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Argentina

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Drake

text: Passage

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: south

text: Chilean

text: territory

text: includes

text: the

text: Pacific

text: islands

text: of

text: Juan

text: Fernández

text: Salas

text: Gómez

text: Desventuradas

text: and

text: Easter

text: Island

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Chile

text: also

text: claims

text: about

text: of

text: Antarctica

text: although

text: all

text: claims

text: are

text: suspended

text: under

text: the

text: Antarctic

text: Treaty

text: Futrono Fault is a NWW tending geological fault in Los Ríos Region , running from the northern shore of Ranco Lake through the areas immediately south of Maihue Lake , where it intersects the large Liquiñe - Ofqui Fault , and the east along the Hueinahue River . The volcanic group of Carrán - Los Venados is located above the fault .

text: Futrono

text: Fault

text: is

text: NWW

text: tending

text: geological

text: fault

text: in

text: Los

text: Ríos

text: Region

text: running

text: from

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: Ranco

text: Lake

text: through

text: the

text: areas

text: immediately

text: south

text: of

text: Maihue

text: Lake

text: where

text: it

text: intersects

text: the

text: large

text: Liquiñe

text: Ofqui

text: Fault

text: and

text: the

text: east

text: along

text: the

text: Hueinahue

text: River

text: The

text: volcanic

text: group

text: of

text: Carrán

text: Los

text: Venados

text: is

text: located

text: above

text: the

text: fault

text: Futrono (from the Mapudungun: "Futronhue", meaning "place of smoke") is a city and commune in southern Chile administered by the Municipality of Futrono. It is located in Ranco Province in Los Ríos Region, on the northwest shore of Ranco Lake.

text: Futrono

text: from

text: the

text: Mapudungun

text: Futronhue

text: meaning

text: place

text: of

text: smoke

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: commune

text: in

text: southern

text: Chile

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Municipality

text: of

text: Futrono

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Ranco

text: Province

text: in

text: Los

text: Ríos

text: Region

text: on

text: the

text: northwest

text: shore

text: of

text: Ranco

text: Lake

text: The Andes or Andean Mountains are the longest continental mountain range in the world. They are a continuous range of highlands along the western edge of South America. This range is about long, about wide (widest between 18° south and 20° south latitude), and of an average height of about . The Andes extend from north to south through seven South American countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina and Chile.

text: The

text: Andes

text: or

text: Andean

text: Mountains

text: are

text: the

text: longest

text: continental

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: They

text: are

text: continuous

text: range

text: of

text: highlands

text: along

text: the

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: This

text: range

text: is

text: about

text: long

text: about

text: wide

text: widest

text: between

text: south

text: and

text: south

text: latitude

text: and

text: of

text: an

text: average

text: height

text: of

text: about

text: The

text: Andes

text: extend

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: through

text: seven

text: South

text: American

text: countries

text: Venezuela

text: Colombia

text: Ecuador

text: Peru

text: Bolivia

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Chile

text: Los Lagos Region (literally "Region of the Lakes") is one of Chile's 15 regions, which are first order administrative divisions, and comprises four provinces: Chiloé, Llanquihue, Osorno and Palena. The region contains the country's second largest island, Chiloé, and the second largest lake, Llanquihue.

text: Los

text: Lagos

text: Region

text: literally

text: Region

text: of

text: the

text: Lakes

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Chile

text: 's

text: regions

text: which

text: are

text: first

text: order

text: administrative

text: divisions

text: and

text: comprises

text: four

text: provinces

text: Chiloé

text: Llanquihue

text: Osorno

text: and

text: Palena

text: The

text: region

text: contains

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: island

text: Chiloé

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: lake

text: Llanquihue

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: country futrono fault

answer: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile

text: chile


text: Royal Standard de Liège, commonly referred to as Standard Liège (or ), is a Belgian football club from the city of Liège. They are one of the most successful clubs in Belgium, having won the Belgian league on ten occasions, most recently in 200708 and 200809. They have been in the top flight without interruption since 1921, longer than any other Belgian side. They have also won seven Belgian Cups, and in 198182 they reached the final of the European Cup Winners' Cup, which they lost 21 against Barcelona.

text: Royal

text: Standard

text: de

text: Liège

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Standard

text: Liège

text: or

text: is

text: Belgian

text: football

text: club

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Liège

text: They

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: clubs

text: in

text: Belgium

text: having

text: won

text: the

text: Belgian

text: league

text: on

text: ten

text: occasions

text: most

text: recently

text: in

text: and

text: They

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: the

text: top

text: flight

text: without

text: interruption

text: since

text: longer

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: Belgian

text: side

text: They

text: have

text: also

text: won

text: seven

text: Belgian

text: Cups

text: and

text: in

text: they

text: reached

text: the

text: final

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Cup

text: Winners

text: Cup

text: which

text: they

text: lost

text: against

text: Barcelona

text: Ougrée is a section of the Belgian city of Seraing in the province of Liège. It was a separate municipality before the merging of municipalities in 1977. Olympic swimmers Béatrice Mottoulle and Chantal Grimard were both born here.

text: Ougrée

text: is

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Belgian

text: city

text: of

text: Seraing

text: in

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Liège

text: It

text: was

text: separate

text: municipality

text: before

text: the

text: merging

text: of

text: municipalities

text: in

text: Olympic

text: swimmers

text: Béatrice

text: Mottoulle

text: and

text: Chantal

text: Grimard

text: were

text: both

text: born

text: here

text: Christian Piot ( born 4 October 1947 in Ougrée ) is a retired Belgian football goalkeeper who won the Belgian Golden Shoe in 1972 while at Standard Liège . He played 40 times and scored 1 goal for the national team between 1969 and 1977 , starting in a 0 - 4 defeat to Yugoslavia on 19 October 1969 . Piot was in the team for the 1970 World Cup and for the Euro 1972 .

text: Christian

text: Piot

text: born

text: October

text: in

text: Ougrée

text: is

text: retired

text: Belgian

text: football

text: goalkeeper

text: who

text: won

text: the

text: Belgian

text: Golden

text: Shoe

text: in

text: while

text: at

text: Standard

text: Liège

text: He

text: played

text: times

text: and

text: scored

text: goal

text: for

text: the

text: national

text: team

text: between

text: and

text: starting

text: in

text: defeat

text: to

text: Yugoslavia

text: on

text: October

text: Piot

text: was

text: in

text: the

text: team

text: for

text: the

text: World

text: Cup

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: Euro

text: Seraing is a Walloon municipality of Belgium in Province of Liege. The municipality of Seraing includes the old communes of Boncelles, Jemeppe-sur-Meuse, and Ougrée. With Liège, Herstal, Saint-Nicolas, Ans, and Flémalle, it forms the greater Liège agglomeration (600,000 inhabitants). To the south of Seraing are the Condroz and the Ardennes regions.

text: Seraing

text: is

text: Walloon

text: municipality

text: of

text: Belgium

text: in

text: Province

text: of

text: Liege

text: The

text: municipality

text: of

text: Seraing

text: includes

text: the

text: old

text: communes

text: of

text: Boncelles

text: Jemeppe

text: sur

text: Meuse

text: and

text: Ougrée

text: With

text: Liège

text: Herstal

text: Saint

text: Nicolas

text: Ans

text: and

text: Flémalle

text: it

text: forms

text: the

text: greater

text: Liège

text: agglomeration

text: inhabitants

text: To

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Seraing

text: are

text: the

text: Condroz

text: and

text: the

text: Ardennes

text: regions

text: Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a sovereign state in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and the North Sea. It is a small, densely populated country which covers an area of and has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups: the Dutch-speaking, mostly Flemish community, which constitutes about 59% of the population, and the French-speaking, mostly Walloon population, which comprises 41% of all Belgians. Additionally, there is a small group of German-speakers who live in the East Cantons located around the High Fens area, and bordering Germany.

text: Belgium

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Belgium

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: France

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Germany

text: Luxembourg

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: It

text: is

text: small

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: which

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Straddling

text: the

text: cultural

text: boundary

text: between

text: Germanic

text: and

text: Latin

text: Europe

text: Belgium

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: two

text: main

text: linguistic

text: groups

text: the

text: Dutch

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Flemish

text: community

text: which

text: constitutes

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: the

text: French

text: speaking

text: mostly

text: Walloon

text: population

text: which

text: comprises

text: of

text: all

text: Belgians

text: Additionally

text: there

text: is

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: German

text: speakers

text: who

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: East

text: Cantons

text: located

text: around

text: the

text: High

text: Fens

text: area

text: and

text: bordering

text: Germany

text: The Belgian Cup ([]) is the main knockout football competition in Belgium, run by the Belgian Football Association. The first cup was held in 1911-12. The most successful cup club is Club Brugge KV with 11 titles followed by RSC Anderlecht (9) and R Standard de Liège (7). Since the 2015-2016 edition, the Belgian Cup is sponsored by crisp brand Croky and the cup is now called Croky Cup.

text: The

text: Belgian

text: Cup

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: knockout

text: football

text: competition

text: in

text: Belgium

text: run

text: by

text: the

text: Belgian

text: Football

text: Association

text: The

text: first

text: cup

text: was

text: held

text: in

text: The

text: most

text: successful

text: cup

text: club

text: is

text: Club

text: Brugge

text: KV

text: with

text: titles

text: followed

text: by

text: RSC

text: Anderlecht

text: and

text: Standard

text: de

text: Liège

text: Since

text: the

text: edition

text: the

text: Belgian

text: Cup

text: is

text: sponsored

text: by

text: crisp

text: brand

text: Croky

text: and

text: the

text: cup

text: is

text: now

text: called

text: Croky

text: Cup

text:
Introduction.
An award is something given to a person, a group of people, or an organization to recognize their excellence in a certain field; a certificate of excellence. Awards are often signified by trophies, titles, certificates, commemorative plaques, medals, badges, pins, or ribbons. An award may carry a monetary prize given to the recipient; for example, the Nobel Prize for contributions to society or the Pulitzer Prize for literary achievements. An award may also simply be a public acknowledgment of excellence, without any tangible token or prize of excellence.

text: Introduction

text: An

text: award

text: is

text: something

text: given

text: to

text: person

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: or

text: an

text: organization

text: to

text: recognize

text: their

text: excellence

text: in

text: certain

text: field

text: certificate

text: of

text: excellence

text: Awards

text: are

text: often

text: signified

text: by

text: trophies

text: titles

text: certificates

text: commemorative

text: plaques

text: medals

text: badges

text: pins

text: or

text: ribbons

text: An

text: award

text: may

text: carry

text: monetary

text: prize

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: recipient

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: for

text: contributions

text: to

text: society

text: or

text: the

text: Pulitzer

text: Prize

text: for

text: literary

text: achievements

text: An

text: award

text: may

text: also

text: simply

text: be

text: public

text: acknowledgment

text: of

text: excellence

text: without

text: any

text: tangible

text: token

text: or

text: prize

text: of

text: excellence

text: In association football, the Belgian Golden Shoe is an award given in Belgium at the beginning of each civil year to the best footballer of the Belgian First Division for the past year. The trophy is sponsored by the Belgian newspaper "Het Laatste Nieuws".

text: In

text: association

text: football

text: the

text: Belgian

text: Golden

text: Shoe

text: is

text: an

text: award

text: given

text: in

text: Belgium

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: each

text: civil

text: year

text: to

text: the

text: best

text: footballer

text: of

text: the

text: Belgian

text: First

text: Division

text: for

text: the

text: past

text: year

text: The

text: trophy

text: is

text: sponsored

text: by

text: the

text: Belgian

text: newspaper

text: Het

text: Laatste

text: Nieuws

text: Het Laatste Nieuws (in English "The Latest News") is a Dutch language newspaper based in Brussels, Belgium. It was founded by Julius Hoste Sr. on 7 June 1888. It is now part of De Persgroep, and is the most popular newspaper in Flanders and Belgium.

text: Het

text: Laatste

text: Nieuws

text: in

text: English

text: The

text: Latest

text: News

text: is

text: Dutch

text: language

text: newspaper

text: based

text: in

text: Brussels

text: Belgium

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: Julius

text: Hoste

text: Sr

text: on

text: June

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: part

text: of

text: De

text: Persgroep

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: newspaper

text: in

text: Flanders

text: and

text: Belgium

text: Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball. It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport. The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.

text: Association

text: football

text: more

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: football

text: or

text: soccer

text: is

text: team

text: sport

text: played

text: between

text: two

text: teams

text: of

text: eleven

text: players

text: with

text: spherical

text: ball

text: It

text: is

text: played

text: by

text: million

text: players

text: in

text: over

text: countries

text: and

text: dependencies

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: popular

text: sport

text: The

text: game

text: is

text: played

text: on

text: rectangular

text: field

text: with

text: goal

text: at

text: each

text: end

text: The

text: object

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: is

text: to

text: score

text: by

text: getting

text: the

text: ball

text: into

text: the

text: opposing

text: goal

question: place_of_birth christian piot

answer: seraing

text: seraing

text: seraing

text: seraing

text: seraing