text: Ng'ambo (literally, "The Other Side"; sometimes also referred to as the "New City") is one of the two main parts comprising Zanzibar City, the capital of Zanzibar, the other being the historical Stone Town. Ng'ambo is much larger and more modern than Stone Town, with office buildings and large apartment blocks, as well as slum areas. Ng'ambo and Stone Town are divided by Creek Road.

text: Ng'ambo

text: literally

text: The

text: Other

text: Side

text: sometimes

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: New

text: City

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: main

text: parts

text: comprising

text: Zanzibar

text: City

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Zanzibar

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: the

text: historical

text: Stone

text: Town

text: Ng'ambo

text: is

text: much

text: larger

text: and

text: more

text: modern

text: than

text: Stone

text: Town

text: with

text: office

text: buildings

text: and

text: large

text: apartment

text: blocks

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: slum

text: areas

text: Ng'ambo

text: and

text: Stone

text: Town

text: are

text: divided

text: by

text: Creek

text: Road

text: The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as "Ratnkara", ""the mine of gems"" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as "Hind Mahsgar", ""the great Indian sea"", in Hindi.

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: covering

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Australia

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: by

text: Antarctica

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Ratnkara

text: the

text: mine

text: of

text: gems

text: in

text: ancient

text: Sanskrit

text: literature

text: and

text: as

text: Hind

text: Mahsgar

text: the

text: great

text: Indian

text: sea

text: in

text: Hindi

text: Réunion (; previously "Île Bourbon") is an island and region of France in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar and southwest of Mauritius. , it had a population of 844,994. It is the most prosperous island in the Indian Ocean, having the highest GDP per capita in the region.

text: Réunion

text: previously

text: Île

text: Bourbon

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: and

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: east

text: of

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: southwest

text: of

text: Mauritius

text: it

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: prosperous

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: having

text: the

text: highest

text: GDP

text: per

text: capita

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: Aldabra is the world's second-largest coral atoll. It is situated in the Aldabra Group of islands in the Indian Ocean that are part of the Outer Islands of the Seychelles, with a distance of southwest of the capital, Victoria, on Mahé Island.

text: Aldabra

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: coral

text: atoll

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Aldabra

text: Group

text: of

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: that

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Outer

text: Islands

text: of

text: the

text: Seychelles

text: with

text: distance

text: of

text: southwest

text: of

text: the

text: capital

text: Victoria

text: on

text: Mahé

text: Island

text: Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory located in the South Atlantic and consisting of the island of Saint Helena, Ascension Island and the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha.

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Ascension

text: and

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

text: is

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territory

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Ascension

text: Island

text: and

text: the

text: archipelago

text: of

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

text: Changuu Island ( also known as Kibandiko , Prison or Quarantine Island ) is a small island 5.6 km north - west of Stone Town , Unguja , Zanzibar . The island is around 800m long and 230m wide at its broadest point . The island saw use as a prison for rebellious slaves in 1860s and also functioned as a coral mine . The British First Minister of Zanzibar , Lloyd Mathews , purchased the island in 1893 and constructed a prison complex there . No prisoners were ever housed on the island and instead it became a quarantine station for yellow fever cases . The station was only occupied for around half of the year and the rest of the time it was a popular holiday destination . More recently the island has become a government - owned tourist resort and houses a collection of endangered Aldabra giant tortoises which were originally a gift from the British governor of the Seychelles .

text: Changuu

text: Island

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Kibandiko

text: Prison

text: or

text: Quarantine

text: Island

text: is

text: small

text: island

text: km

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: Stone

text: Town

text: Unguja

text: Zanzibar

text: The

text: island

text: is

text: around

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: at

text: its

text: broadest

text: point

text: The

text: island

text: saw

text: use

text: as

text: prison

text: for

text: rebellious

text: slaves

text: in

text: and

text: also

text: functioned

text: as

text: coral

text: mine

text: The

text: British

text: First

text: Minister

text: of

text: Zanzibar

text: Lloyd

text: Mathews

text: purchased

text: the

text: island

text: in

text: and

text: constructed

text: prison

text: complex

text: there

text: No

text: prisoners

text: were

text: ever

text: housed

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: and

text: instead

text: it

text: became

text: quarantine

text: station

text: for

text: yellow

text: fever

text: cases

text: The

text: station

text: was

text: only

text: occupied

text: for

text: around

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: it

text: was

text: popular

text: holiday

text: destination

text: More

text: recently

text: the

text: island

text: has

text: become

text: government

text: owned

text: tourist

text: resort

text: and

text: houses

text: collection

text: of

text: endangered

text: Aldabra

text: giant

text: tortoises

text: which

text: were

text: originally

text: gift

text: from

text: the

text: British

text: governor

text: of

text: the

text: Seychelles

text: Wales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of . Wales has over of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon, its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.

text: Wales

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: had

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Wales

text: has

text: over

text: of

text: coastline

text: and

text: is

text: largely

text: mountainous

text: with

text: its

text: higher

text: peaks

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: central

text: areas

text: including

text: Snowdon

text: its

text: highest

text: summit

text: The

text: country

text: lies

text: within

text: the

text: north

text: temperate

text: zone

text: and

text: has

text: changeable

text: maritime

text: climate

text: Zanzibar City (or Zanzibar Town, often simply referred to as Zanzibar) is the capital and largest city of Zanzibar, in Tanzania. It is located on the west coast of Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago, roughly due north of Dar es Salaam across the Zanzibar Channel. It also serves as the capital of the Zanzibar Urban/West Region, and qualifies as a district, formally known as Zanzibar Urban District. In 2002 its population was 205,870.

text: Zanzibar

text: City

text: or

text: Zanzibar

text: Town

text: often

text: simply

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Zanzibar

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Zanzibar

text: in

text: Tanzania

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: coast

text: of

text: Unguja

text: the

text: main

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: Zanzibar

text: Archipelago

text: roughly

text: due

text: north

text: of

text: Dar

text: es

text: Salaam

text: across

text: the

text: Zanzibar

text: Channel

text: It

text: also

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Zanzibar

text: Urban

text: West

text: Region

text: and

text: qualifies

text: as

text: district

text: formally

text: known

text: as

text: Zanzibar

text: Urban

text: District

text: In

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: Tanganyika was a sovereign state that existed from 9 December 1961 until 22 April 1964, first gaining independence from the United Kingdom as a Commonwealth realm, then becoming a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations exactly a year later. After signing the Articles of Union on April 22, on 26 April 1964, Tanganyika officially joined with the People's Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, a new state that changed its name to the United Republic of Tanzania within a year. It was situated between the Indian Ocean and the African Great Lakes of Lake Victoria, Lake Nyasa and Lake Tanganyika.

text: Tanganyika

text: was

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: December

text: until

text: April

text: first

text: gaining

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: Commonwealth

text: realm

text: then

text: becoming

text: republic

text: within

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: exactly

text: year

text: later

text: After

text: signing

text: the

text: Articles

text: of

text: Union

text: on

text: April

text: on

text: April

text: Tanganyika

text: officially

text: joined

text: with

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: Zanzibar

text: and

text: Pemba

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: United

text: Republic

text: of

text: Tanganyika

text: and

text: Zanzibar

text: new

text: state

text: that

text: changed

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: Republic

text: of

text: Tanzania

text: within

text: year

text: It

text: was

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: African

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: of

text: Lake

text: Victoria

text: Lake

text: Nyasa

text: and

text: Lake

text: Tanganyika

text: Corals are marine invertebrates in the class Anthozoa of phylum Cnidaria. They typically live in compact colonies of many identical individual polyps. The group includes the important reef builders that inhabit tropical oceans and secrete calcium carbonate to form a hard skeleton.

text: Corals

text: are

text: marine

text: invertebrates

text: in

text: the

text: class

text: Anthozoa

text: of

text: phylum

text: Cnidaria

text: They

text: typically

text: live

text: in

text: compact

text: colonies

text: of

text: many

text: identical

text: individual

text: polyps

text: The

text: group

text: includes

text: the

text: important

text: reef

text: builders

text: that

text: inhabit

text: tropical

text: oceans

text: and

text: secrete

text: calcium

text: carbonate

text: to

text: form

text: hard

text: skeleton

text: Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, is a mosquito that can spread dengue fever, chikungunya, Zika fever, Mayaro and yellow fever viruses, and other diseases. The mosquito can be recognized by white markings on its legs and a marking in the form of a lyre on the upper surface of its thorax. This mosquito originated in Africa, but is now found in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The average wing length of female "Ae. aegypti" mosquitoes varies greatly (1.673.83 mm in a Peruvian habitat).

text: Aedes

text: aegypti

text: the

text: yellow

text: fever

text: mosquito

text: is

text: mosquito

text: that

text: can

text: spread

text: dengue

text: fever

text: chikungunya

text: Zika

text: fever

text: Mayaro

text: and

text: yellow

text: fever

text: viruses

text: and

text: other

text: diseases

text: The

text: mosquito

text: can

text: be

text: recognized

text: by

text: white

text: markings

text: on

text: its

text: legs

text: and

text: marking

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: lyre

text: on

text: the

text: upper

text: surface

text: of

text: its

text: thorax

text: This

text: mosquito

text: originated

text: in

text: Africa

text: but

text: is

text: now

text: found

text: in

text: tropical

text: and

text: subtropical

text: regions

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: average

text: wing

text: length

text: of

text: female

text: Ae

text: aegypti

text: mosquitoes

text: varies

text: greatly

text: mm

text: in

text: Peruvian

text: habitat

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: An ocean (the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic Oceans. The word "sea" is often used interchangeably with "ocean" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.

text: An

text: ocean

text: the

text: sea

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: saline

text: water

text: that

text: composes

text: much

text: of

text: planet

text: 's

text: hydrosphere

text: On

text: Earth

text: an

text: ocean

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: conventional

text: divisions

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: Ocean

text: which

text: covers

text: almost

text: of

text: its

text: surface

text: These

text: are

text: in

text: descending

text: order

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Atlantic

text: Indian

text: Southern

text: Antarctic

text: and

text: Arctic

text: Oceans

text: The

text: word

text: sea

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: with

text: ocean

text: in

text: American

text: English

text: but

text: strictly

text: speaking

text: sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: saline

text: water

text: generally

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: ocean

text: partly

text: or

text: fully

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: Northern Ireland (; Ulster Scots: "") is a top-level constituent unit of the United Kingdom in the northeast of Ireland. It is variously described as a country, province, region, or "part" of the United Kingdom, amongst other terms. Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland. In 2011, its population was 1,810,863, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the UK's population. Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement, the Northern Ireland Assembly holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters, while other areas are reserved for the British government. Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in some areas, and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to "put forward views and proposals" with "determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments".

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Ulster

text: Scots

text: is

text: top

text: level

text: constituent

text: unit

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: Ireland

text: It

text: is

text: variously

text: described

text: as

text: country

text: province

text: region

text: or

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: amongst

text: other

text: terms

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: shares

text: border

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: with

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: In

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: constituting

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: 's

text: total

text: population

text: and

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: population

text: Established

text: by

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Act

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Good

text: Friday

text: Agreement

text: the

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: Assembly

text: holds

text: responsibility

text: for

text: range

text: of

text: devolved

text: policy

text: matters

text: while

text: other

text: areas

text: are

text: reserved

text: for

text: the

text: British

text: government

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: co

text: operates

text: with

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: some

text: areas

text: and

text: the

text: Agreement

text: granted

text: the

text: Republic

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: put

text: forward

text: views

text: and

text: proposals

text: with

text: determined

text: efforts

text: to

text: resolve

text: disagreements

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: governments

text: Scotland (Scots: ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.

text: Scotland

text: Scots

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: covers

text: the

text: northern

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: It

text: shares

text: border

text: with

text: England

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: otherwise

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: the

text: mainland

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: more

text: than

text: islands

text: including

text: the

text: Northern

text: Isles

text: and

text: the

text: Hebrides

text: Zanj (from zang, meaning "Land of the Blacks" ) was a name used by medieval Muslim geographers to refer to both a certain portion of Southeast Africa (primarily the Swahili Coast), and to the area's Bantu inhabitants. This word is also the origin of the place name "Zanzibar".

text: Zanj

text: from

text: zang

text: meaning

text: Land

text: of

text: the

text: Blacks

text: was

text: name

text: used

text: by

text: medieval

text: Muslim

text: geographers

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: both

text: certain

text: portion

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Africa

text: primarily

text: the

text: Swahili

text: Coast

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: 's

text: Bantu

text: inhabitants

text: This

text: word

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: the

text: place

text: name

text: Zanzibar

text: Tanzania , officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region. Parts of the country are in Southern Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south; and by the Indian Ocean to the east. Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania.

text: Tanzania

text: officially

text: the

text: United

text: Republic

text: of

text: Tanzania

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Africa

text: within

text: the

text: African

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: region

text: Parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: are

text: in

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Kenya

text: and

text: Uganda

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Rwanda

text: Burundi

text: and

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Congo

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Zambia

text: Malawi

text: and

text: Mozambique

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Mount

text: Kilimanjaro

text: Africa

text: 's

text: highest

text: mountain

text: is

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Tanzania

text: Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about off the southeast coast of the African continent. The country includes the island of Mauritius, Rodrigues [ east], and the outer islands (Agaléga, St. Brandon and two disputed territories). The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues (southwest) form part of the Mascarene Islands, along with nearby Réunion, a French overseas department. The area of the country is 2,040 km. The capital and largest city is Port Louis. Mauritius was a British colonial possession from 1810 to 1968, the year of its independence. The government uses English as the main language.

text: Mauritius

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Mauritius

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: about

text: off

text: the

text: southeast

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: The

text: country

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Mauritius

text: Rodrigues

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: outer

text: islands

text: Agaléga

text: St.

text: Brandon

text: and

text: two

text: disputed

text: territories

text: The

text: islands

text: of

text: Mauritius

text: and

text: Rodrigues

text: southwest

text: form

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Mascarene

text: Islands

text: along

text: with

text: nearby

text: Réunion

text: French

text: overseas

text: department

text: The

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: km

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Port

text: Louis

text: Mauritius

text: was

text: British

text: colonial

text: possession

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: year

text: of

text: its

text: independence

text: The

text: government

text: uses

text: English

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: language

text: The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea or Periplus of the Red Sea is a Greco-Roman periplus, written in Greek, describing navigation and trading opportunities from Roman Egyptian ports like Berenice along the coast of the Red Sea, and others along Northeast Africa and the Sindh and South western India. The text has been ascribed to different dates between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE, but a mid-1st century date is now the most commonly accepted. While the author is unknown, it is clearly a firsthand description by someone familiar with the area and is nearly unique in providing accurate insights into what the ancient European world knew about the lands around the Indian Ocean.

text: The

text: Periplus

text: of

text: the

text: Erythraean

text: Sea

text: or

text: Periplus

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: is

text: Greco

text: Roman

text: periplus

text: written

text: in

text: Greek

text: describing

text: navigation

text: and

text: trading

text: opportunities

text: from

text: Roman

text: Egyptian

text: ports

text: like

text: Berenice

text: along

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: and

text: others

text: along

text: Northeast

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Sindh

text: and

text: South

text: western

text: India

text: The

text: text

text: has

text: been

text: ascribed

text: to

text: different

text: dates

text: between

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: CE

text: but

text: century

text: date

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: accepted

text: While

text: the

text: author

text: is

text: unknown

text: it

text: is

text: clearly

text: firsthand

text: description

text: by

text: someone

text: familiar

text: with

text: the

text: area

text: and

text: is

text: nearly

text: unique

text: in

text: providing

text: accurate

text: insights

text: into

text: what

text: the

text: ancient

text: European

text: world

text: knew

text: about

text: the

text: lands

text: around

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text:
Yellow fever is an acute viral disease. In most cases, symptoms include fever, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, muscle pains particularly in the back, and headaches. Symptoms typically improve within five days. In some people within a day of improving, the fever comes back, abdominal pain occurs, and liver damage begins causing yellow skin. If this occurs, the risk of bleeding and kidney problems is also increased.
The disease is caused by the yellow fever virus and is spread by the bite of an infected female mosquito. It infects only humans, other primates, and several species of mosquitoes. In cities, it is spread primarily by mosquitoes of the "Aedes aegypti" type. The virus is an RNA virus of the genus "Flavivirus". The disease may be difficult to tell apart from other illnesses, especially in the early stages. To confirm a suspected case, blood sample testing with polymerase chain reaction is required.
A safe and effective vaccine against yellow fever exists and some countries require vaccinations for travelers. Other efforts to prevent infection include reducing the population of the transmitting mosquito. In areas where yellow fever is common and vaccination is uncommon, early diagnosis of cases and immunization of large parts of the population is important to prevent outbreaks. Once infected, management is symptomatic with no specific measures effective against the virus. The second and more severe phase results in death in up to half of people without treatment.
Yellow fever causes 200,000 infections and 30,000 deaths every year, with nearly 90% of these occurring in Africa. Nearly a billion people live in an area of the world where the disease is common. It is common in tropical areas of South America and Africa, but not in Asia. Since the 1980s, the number of cases of yellow fever has been increasing. This is believed to be due to fewer people being immune, more people living in cities, people moving frequently, and changing climate. The disease originated in Africa, from where it spread to South America through the slave trade in the 17th century. Since the 17th century, several major outbreaks of the disease have occurred in the Americas, Africa, and Europe. In the 18th and 19th centuries, yellow fever was seen as one of the most dangerous infectious diseases. In 1927 yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated.

text: Yellow

text: fever

text: is

text: an

text: acute

text: viral

text: disease

text: In

text: most

text: cases

text: symptoms

text: include

text: fever

text: chills

text: loss

text: of

text: appetite

text: nausea

text: muscle

text: pains

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: back

text: and

text: headaches

text: Symptoms

text: typically

text: improve

text: within

text: five

text: days

text: In

text: some

text: people

text: within

text: day

text: of

text: improving

text: the

text: fever

text: comes

text: back

text: abdominal

text: pain

text: occurs

text: and

text: liver

text: damage

text: begins

text: causing

text: yellow

text: skin

text: If

text: this

text: occurs

text: the

text: risk

text: of

text: bleeding

text: and

text: kidney

text: problems

text: is

text: also

text: increased

text: The

text: disease

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: the

text: yellow

text: fever

text: virus

text: and

text: is

text: spread

text: by

text: the

text: bite

text: of

text: an

text: infected

text: female

text: mosquito

text: It

text: infects

text: only

text: humans

text: other

text: primates

text: and

text: several

text: species

text: of

text: mosquitoes

text: In

text: cities

text: it

text: is

text: spread

text: primarily

text: by

text: mosquitoes

text: of

text: the

text: Aedes

text: aegypti

text: type

text: The

text: virus

text: is

text: an

text: RNA

text: virus

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: Flavivirus

text: The

text: disease

text: may

text: be

text: difficult

text: to

text: tell

text: apart

text: from

text: other

text: illnesses

text: especially

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: stages

text: To

text: confirm

text: suspected

text: case

text: blood

text: sample

text: testing

text: with

text: polymerase

text: chain

text: reaction

text: is

text: required

text: safe

text: and

text: effective

text: vaccine

text: against

text: yellow

text: fever

text: exists

text: and

text: some

text: countries

text: require

text: vaccinations

text: for

text: travelers

text: Other

text: efforts

text: to

text: prevent

text: infection

text: include

text: reducing

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: transmitting

text: mosquito

text: In

text: areas

text: where

text: yellow

text: fever

text: is

text: common

text: and

text: vaccination

text: is

text: uncommon

text: early

text: diagnosis

text: of

text: cases

text: and

text: immunization

text: of

text: large

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: important

text: to

text: prevent

text: outbreaks

text: Once

text: infected

text: management

text: is

text: symptomatic

text: with

text: no

text: specific

text: measures

text: effective

text: against

text: the

text: virus

text: The

text: second

text: and

text: more

text: severe

text: phase

text: results

text: in

text: death

text: in

text: up

text: to

text: half

text: of

text: people

text: without

text: treatment

text: Yellow

text: fever

text: causes

text: infections

text: and

text: deaths

text: every

text: year

text: with

text: nearly

text: of

text: these

text: occurring

text: in

text: Africa

text: Nearly

text: billion

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: where

text: the

text: disease

text: is

text: common

text: It

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: tropical

text: areas

text: of

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: Africa

text: but

text: not

text: in

text: Asia

text: Since

text: the

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: cases

text: of

text: yellow

text: fever

text: has

text: been

text: increasing

text: This

text: is

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: due

text: to

text: fewer

text: people

text: being

text: immune

text: more

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: cities

text: people

text: moving

text: frequently

text: and

text: changing

text: climate

text: The

text: disease

text: originated

text: in

text: Africa

text: from

text: where

text: it

text: spread

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: through

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: Since

text: the

text: century

text: several

text: major

text: outbreaks

text: of

text: the

text: disease

text: have

text: occurred

text: in

text: the

text: Americas

text: Africa

text: and

text: Europe

text: In

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: yellow

text: fever

text: was

text: seen

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: dangerous

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: In

text: yellow

text: fever

text: virus

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: human

text: virus

text: to

text: be

text: isolated

text: Aedes is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but now found on all continents except Antarctica. Some species have been spread by human activity. "Aedes albopictus", a most invasive species, was recently spread to the New World, including the United States, by the used-tire trade. First described and named by German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818, the generic name comes from the Ancient Greek , "ads", meaning "unpleasant" or "odious". The type species for "Aedes" is "Aedes cinereus". Some species of this genus transmit serious diseases, including dengue fever, yellow fever, the Zika virus, and chikungunya. In Polynesia, the species "Aedes polynesiensis" is responsible for the transmission of human lymphatic filariasis.

text: Aedes

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: mosquitoes

text: originally

text: found

text: in

text: tropical

text: and

text: subtropical

text: zones

text: but

text: now

text: found

text: on

text: all

text: continents

text: except

text: Antarctica

text: Some

text: species

text: have

text: been

text: spread

text: by

text: human

text: activity

text: Aedes

text: albopictus

text: most

text: invasive

text: species

text: was

text: recently

text: spread

text: to

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: including

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: by

text: the

text: used

text: tire

text: trade

text: First

text: described

text: and

text: named

text: by

text: German

text: entomologist

text: Johann

text: Wilhelm

text: Meigen

text: in

text: the

text: generic

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: ads

text: meaning

text: unpleasant

text: or

text: odious

text: The

text: type

text: species

text: for

text: Aedes

text: is

text: Aedes

text: cinereus

text: Some

text: species

text: of

text: this

text: genus

text: transmit

text: serious

text: diseases

text: including

text: dengue

text: fever

text: yellow

text: fever

text: the

text: Zika

text: virus

text: and

text: chikungunya

text: In

text: Polynesia

text: the

text: species

text: Aedes

text: polynesiensis

text: is

text: responsible

text: for

text: the

text: transmission

text: of

text: human

text: lymphatic

text: filariasis

text: A first minister is one of a variety of terms for the leader of a government cabinet, which is a term currently used to refer to the political leader of a devolved national government, such as the devolved administrations of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, or of a dependent territory.

text: first

text: minister

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: variety

text: of

text: terms

text: for

text: the

text: leader

text: of

text: government

text: cabinet

text: which

text: is

text: term

text: currently

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: political

text: leader

text: of

text: devolved

text: national

text: government

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: devolved

text: administrations

text: of

text: Scotland

text: Wales

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: or

text: of

text: dependent

text: territory

text: Zanzibar (Zanjibr), is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania in East Africa. It is composed of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of many small islands and two large ones: Unguja (the main island, referred to informally as Zanzibar) and Pemba. The capital is Zanzibar City, located on the island of Unguja. Its historic centre is Stone Town, which is a World Heritage Site.

text: Zanzibar

text: Zanjibr

text: is

text: semi

text: autonomous

text: part

text: of

text: Tanzania

text: in

text: East

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: the

text: Zanzibar

text: Archipelago

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: mainland

text: and

text: consists

text: of

text: many

text: small

text: islands

text: and

text: two

text: large

text: ones

text: Unguja

text: the

text: main

text: island

text: referred

text: to

text: informally

text: as

text: Zanzibar

text: and

text: Pemba

text: The

text: capital

text: is

text: Zanzibar

text: City

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Unguja

text: Its

text: historic

text: centre

text: is

text: Stone

text: Town

text: which

text: is

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: A World Heritage Site is a landmark which has been officially recognized by the United Nations, specifically by UNESCO. Sites are selected on the basis of having cultural, historical, scientific or some other form of significance, and they are legally protected by international treaties. UNESCO regards these sites as being important to the collective interests of humanity.

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: is

text: landmark

text: which

text: has

text: been

text: officially

text: recognized

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: specifically

text: by

text: UNESCO

text: Sites

text: are

text: selected

text: on

text: the

text: basis

text: of

text: having

text: cultural

text: historical

text: scientific

text: or

text: some

text: other

text: form

text: of

text: significance

text: and

text: they

text: are

text: legally

text: protected

text: by

text: international

text: treaties

text: UNESCO

text: regards

text: these

text: sites

text: as

text: being

text: important

text: to

text: the

text: collective

text: interests

text: of

text: humanity

text: Unguja (also referred to as Zanzibar Island or simply Zanzibar, in Ancient Greek Menuthias, "" - as mentioned in The "Periplus of the Erythraean Sea", in Greek:     -) is the largest and most populated island of the Zanzibar archipelago, in Tanzania.

text: Unguja

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Zanzibar

text: Island

text: or

text: simply

text: Zanzibar

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: Menuthias

text: as

text: mentioned

text: in

text: The

text: Periplus

text: of

text: the

text: Erythraean

text: Sea

text: in

text: Greek

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populated

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: Zanzibar

text: archipelago

text: in

text: Tanzania

text: South America is a continent located in the western hemisphere, mostly in the southern hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the northern hemisphere. It is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas, which is the model used in nations that speak Romance languages. The reference to South America instead of other regions (like Latin America or the Southern Cone) has increased in the last decades due to changing geopolitical dynamics (in particular, the rise of Brazil).

text: South

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: hemisphere

text: mostly

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: hemisphere

text: with

text: relatively

text: small

text: portion

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: considered

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: model

text: used

text: in

text: nations

text: that

text: speak

text: Romance

text: languages

text: The

text: reference

text: to

text: South

text: America

text: instead

text: of

text: other

text: regions

text: like

text: Latin

text: America

text: or

text: the

text: Southern

text: Cone

text: has

text: increased

text: in

text: the

text: last

text: decades

text: due

text: to

text: changing

text: geopolitical

text: dynamics

text: in

text: particular

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: Brazil

text: The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the kingdom of France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is known as the Senior Service.

text: The

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: RN

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: naval

text: warfare

text: force

text: Although

text: warships

text: were

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: kings

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: medieval

text: period

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: maritime

text: engagements

text: were

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: against

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: modern

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: traces

text: its

text: origins

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: oldest

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: armed

text: services

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Senior

text: Service

text: The Zanzibar Archipelago consists of several islands lying off the coast of East Africa in the Indian Ocean. There are four main islands, three primary islands with human populations, a fourth coral island that serves as an essential breeding ground for seabirds, plus a number of smaller islets that surround them and an isolated tiny islet.

text: The

text: Zanzibar

text: Archipelago

text: consists

text: of

text: several

text: islands

text: lying

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: East

text: Africa

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: There

text: are

text: four

text: main

text: islands

text: three

text: primary

text: islands

text: with

text: human

text: populations

text: fourth

text: coral

text: island

text: that

text: serves

text: as

text: an

text: essential

text: breeding

text: ground

text: for

text: seabirds

text: plus

text: number

text: of

text: smaller

text: islets

text: that

text: surround

text: them

text: and

text: an

text: isolated

text: tiny

text: islet

text: The Comoros ('), officially the Union of the Comoros (Comorian: "Udzima wa Komori," , '), is a sovereign archipelago island nation in the Indian Ocean located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel off the eastern coast of Africa between northeastern Mozambique and northwestern Madagascar. Other countries near the Comoros are Tanzania to the northwest and the Seychelles to the northeast. Its capital is Moroni, on Grande Comore. The Union of the Comoros has three official languages  Comorian, Arabic and French. The religion of the majority of the population is Islam.

text: The

text: Comoros

text: officially

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: the

text: Comoros

text: Comorian

text: Udzima

text: wa

text: Komori

text: is

text: sovereign

text: archipelago

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: northern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mozambique

text: Channel

text: off

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: Africa

text: between

text: northeastern

text: Mozambique

text: and

text: northwestern

text: Madagascar

text: Other

text: countries

text: near

text: the

text: Comoros

text: are

text: Tanzania

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: the

text: Seychelles

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Moroni

text: on

text: Grande

text: Comore

text: The

text: Union

text: of

text: the

text: Comoros

text: has

text: three

text: official

text: languages

text: Comorian

text: Arabic

text: and

text: French

text: The

text: religion

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: is

text: Islam

text: An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, e.g. the Philippines.

text: An

text: island

text: or

text: isle

text: is

text: any

text: piece

text: of

text: sub

text: continental

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: water

text: Very

text: small

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: emergent

text: land

text: features

text: on

text: atolls

text: can

text: be

text: called

text: islets

text: skerries

text: cays

text: or

text: keys

text: An

text: island

text: in

text: river

text: or

text: lake

text: island

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: an

text: eyot

text: or

text: ait

text: and

text: small

text: island

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: may

text: be

text: called

text: holm

text: grouping

text: of

text: geographically

text: or

text: geologically

text: related

text: islands

text: is

text: called

text: an

text: archipelago

text: e.g.

text: the

text: Philippines

text: Seychelles (; French: ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (Creole: "Repiblik Sesel"), is an archipelago and country in the Indian Ocean. The 115-island country, whose capital is Victoria, lies east of mainland East Africa. Other nearby island countries and territories include Comoros, Mayotte (region of France), Madagascar, Réunion (region of France) and Mauritius to the south. With a population of roughly 92,000, it has the smallest population of any sovereign African country; however, it does have a larger population than the British overseas territory Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.

text: Seychelles

text: French

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Seychelles

text: Creole

text: Repiblik

text: Sesel

text: is

text: an

text: archipelago

text: and

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: The

text: country

text: whose

text: capital

text: is

text: Victoria

text: lies

text: east

text: of

text: mainland

text: East

text: Africa

text: Other

text: nearby

text: island

text: countries

text: and

text: territories

text: include

text: Comoros

text: Mayotte

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: Madagascar

text: Réunion

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: and

text: Mauritius

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: roughly

text: it

text: has

text: the

text: smallest

text: population

text: of

text: any

text: sovereign

text: African

text: country

text: however

text: it

text: does

text: have

text: larger

text: population

text: than

text: the

text: British

text: overseas

text: territory

text: Saint

text: Helena

text: Ascension

text: and

text: Tristan

text: da

text: Cunha

text: The spice trade refers to the trade between historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe. Spices such as cinnamon, cassia, cardamom, ginger, pepper, and turmeric were known and used in antiquity for commerce in the Eastern World. These spices found their way into the Middle East before the beginning of the Christian era, where the true sources of these spices were withheld by the traders and associated with fantastic tales. Early writings and stone age carvings of neolithic age obtained indicates that India's southwest coastal port Muziris, in Kerala, had established itself as a major spice trade centre from as early as 3000 B.C, which marked the beginning of the spice trade. Kerala, referred to as the land of spices or as the "Spice Garden of India", was the place traders and explorers wanted to reach, including Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and others.

text: The

text: spice

text: trade

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: trade

text: between

text: historical

text: civilizations

text: in

text: Asia

text: Northeast

text: Africa

text: and

text: Europe

text: Spices

text: such

text: as

text: cinnamon

text: cassia

text: cardamom

text: ginger

text: pepper

text: and

text: turmeric

text: were

text: known

text: and

text: used

text: in

text: antiquity

text: for

text: commerce

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: World

text: These

text: spices

text: found

text: their

text: way

text: into

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: before

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Christian

text: era

text: where

text: the

text: true

text: sources

text: of

text: these

text: spices

text: were

text: withheld

text: by

text: the

text: traders

text: and

text: associated

text: with

text: fantastic

text: tales

text: Early

text: writings

text: and

text: stone

text: age

text: carvings

text: of

text: neolithic

text: age

text: obtained

text: indicates

text: that

text: India

text: 's

text: southwest

text: coastal

text: port

text: Muziris

text: in

text: Kerala

text: had

text: established

text: itself

text: as

text: major

text: spice

text: trade

text: centre

text: from

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: B.C

text: which

text: marked

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: spice

text: trade

text: Kerala

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: spices

text: or

text: as

text: the

text: Spice

text: Garden

text: of

text: India

text: was

text: the

text: place

text: traders

text: and

text: explorers

text: wanted

text: to

text: reach

text: including

text: Christopher

text: Columbus

text: Vasco

text: da

text: Gama

text: and

text: others

text: The Aldabra Group are part of the Outer Islands of the Seychelles, lying in the southwest of the island nation, from the capital, Victoria, on Mahé Island.

text: The

text: Aldabra

text: Group

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Outer

text: Islands

text: of

text: the

text: Seychelles

text: lying

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: nation

text: from

text: the

text: capital

text: Victoria

text: on

text: Mahé

text: Island

text: Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of Southeast Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar (the fourth-largest island in the world), and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian peninsula around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats.

text: Madagascar

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Malagasy

text: Republic

text: is

text: an

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Africa

text: The

text: nation

text: comprises

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Madagascar

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: island

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: numerous

text: smaller

text: peripheral

text: islands

text: Following

text: the

text: prehistoric

text: breakup

text: of

text: the

text: supercontinent

text: Gondwana

text: Madagascar

text: split

text: from

text: the

text: Indian

text: peninsula

text: around

text: million

text: years

text: ago

text: allowing

text: native

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: to

text: evolve

text: in

text: relative

text: isolation

text: Consequently

text: Madagascar

text: is

text: biodiversity

text: hotspot

text: over

text: of

text: its

text: wildlife

text: is

text: found

text: nowhere

text: else

text: on

text: Earth

text: The

text: island

text: 's

text: diverse

text: ecosystems

text: and

text: unique

text: wildlife

text: are

text: threatened

text: by

text: the

text: encroachment

text: of

text: the

text: rapidly

text: growing

text: human

text: population

text: and

text: other

text: environmental

text: threats

text: Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that constitute the family Culicidae. Females of most species are ectoparasites, whose tube-like mouthparts (called a proboscis) pierce the hosts' skin to consume blood. The word "mosquito" (formed by "mosca" and diminutive "-ito") is Spanish for "little fly". Thousands of species feed on the blood of various kinds of hosts, mainly vertebrates, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and even some kinds of fish. Some mosquitoes also attack invertebrates, mainly other arthropods. Though the loss of blood is seldom of any importance to the victim, the saliva of the mosquito often causes an irritating rash that is a serious nuisance. Much more serious though, are the roles of many species of mosquitoes as vectors of diseases. In passing from host to host, some transmit extremely harmful infections such as malaria, yellow fever, Chikungunya, West Nile virus, dengue fever, filariasis, Zika virus and other arboviruses, rendering it the deadliest animal family in the world.

text: Mosquitoes

text: are

text: small

text: midge

text: like

text: flies

text: that

text: constitute

text: the

text: family

text: Culicidae

text: Females

text: of

text: most

text: species

text: are

text: ectoparasites

text: whose

text: tube

text: like

text: mouthparts

text: called

text: proboscis

text: pierce

text: the

text: hosts

text: skin

text: to

text: consume

text: blood

text: The

text: word

text: mosquito

text: formed

text: by

text: mosca

text: and

text: diminutive

text: -ito

text: is

text: Spanish

text: for

text: little

text: fly

text: Thousands

text: of

text: species

text: feed

text: on

text: the

text: blood

text: of

text: various

text: kinds

text: of

text: hosts

text: mainly

text: vertebrates

text: including

text: mammals

text: birds

text: reptiles

text: amphibians

text: and

text: even

text: some

text: kinds

text: of

text: fish

text: Some

text: mosquitoes

text: also

text: attack

text: invertebrates

text: mainly

text: other

text: arthropods

text: Though

text: the

text: loss

text: of

text: blood

text: is

text: seldom

text: of

text: any

text: importance

text: to

text: the

text: victim

text: the

text: saliva

text: of

text: the

text: mosquito

text: often

text: causes

text: an

text: irritating

text: rash

text: that

text: is

text: serious

text: nuisance

text: Much

text: more

text: serious

text: though

text: are

text: the

text: roles

text: of

text: many

text: species

text: of

text: mosquitoes

text: as

text: vectors

text: of

text: diseases

text: In

text: passing

text: from

text: host

text: to

text: host

text: some

text: transmit

text: extremely

text: harmful

text: infections

text: such

text: as

text: malaria

text: yellow

text: fever

text: Chikungunya

text: West

text: Nile

text: virus

text: dengue

text: fever

text: filariasis

text: Zika

text: virus

text: and

text: other

text: arboviruses

text: rendering

text: it

text: the

text: deadliest

text: animal

text: family

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Mayotte (; Shimaore: "Maore") is an insular department and region of France officially named "Département de Mayotte". It consists of a main island, Grande-Terre (or Maore), a smaller island, Petite-Terre (or Pamanzi), and several islets around these two. The archipelago is located in the northern Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Southeast Africa, between northwestern Madagascar and northeastern Mozambique.

text: Mayotte

text: Shimaore

text: Maore

text: is

text: an

text: insular

text: department

text: and

text: region

text: of

text: France

text: officially

text: named

text: Département

text: de

text: Mayotte

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: main

text: island

text: Grande

text: Terre

text: or

text: Maore

text: smaller

text: island

text: Petite

text: Terre

text: or

text: Pamanzi

text: and

text: several

text: islets

text: around

text: these

text: two

text: The

text: archipelago

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Mozambique

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Africa

text: between

text: northwestern

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: northeastern

text: Mozambique

text: Sir Lloyd William Mathews, (7 March 1850  11 October 1901) was a British naval officer, politician and abolitionist. Mathews joined the Royal Navy as a cadet at the age of 13 and progressed through the ranks to lieutenant. He was involved with the Third Anglo-Ashanti War of 18734, afterwards being stationed in East Africa for the suppression of the slave trade. In 1877 he was seconded from the navy to Sultan Barghash of Zanzibar in order to form a European-style army; he would remain in the employment of the government of Zanzibar for the rest of his life. His army quickly reached 6,300 men and was used in several expeditions to suppress the slave trade and rebellions against the Zanzibar government.

text: Sir

text: Lloyd

text: William

text: Mathews

text: March

text: October

text: was

text: British

text: naval

text: officer

text: politician

text: and

text: abolitionist

text: Mathews

text: joined

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: as

text: cadet

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: and

text: progressed

text: through

text: the

text: ranks

text: to

text: lieutenant

text: He

text: was

text: involved

text: with

text: the

text: Third

text: Anglo

text: Ashanti

text: War

text: of

text: afterwards

text: being

text: stationed

text: in

text: East

text: Africa

text: for

text: the

text: suppression

text: of

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: seconded

text: from

text: the

text: navy

text: to

text: Sultan

text: Barghash

text: of

text: Zanzibar

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: form

text: European

text: style

text: army

text: he

text: would

text: remain

text: in

text: the

text: employment

text: of

text: the

text: government

text: of

text: Zanzibar

text: for

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: His

text: army

text: quickly

text: reached

text: men

text: and

text: was

text: used

text: in

text: several

text: expeditions

text: to

text: suppress

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: and

text: rebellions

text: against

text: the

text: Zanzibar

text: government

text: Stone Town, also known as Mji Mkongwe (Swahili for "old town"), is the old part of Zanzibar City, the main city of Zanzibar, in Tanzania. (The newer portion of the city is known as Ng'ambo, Swahili for 'the other side'). Stone Town is located on the western coast of Unguja, the main island of the Zanzibar Archipelago. Former capital of the Zanzibar Sultanate, and flourishing centre of the spice trade as well as the slave trade in the 19th century, it retained its importance as the main city of Zanzibar during the period of the British protectorate. When Tanganyika and Zanzibar joined each other to form the United Republic of Tanzania, Zanzibar kept a semi-autonomous status, with Stone Town as its local government seat.

text: Stone

text: Town

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Mji

text: Mkongwe

text: Swahili

text: for

text: old

text: town

text: is

text: the

text: old

text: part

text: of

text: Zanzibar

text: City

text: the

text: main

text: city

text: of

text: Zanzibar

text: in

text: Tanzania

text: The

text: newer

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Ng'ambo

text: Swahili

text: for

text: the

text: other

text: side

text: Stone

text: Town

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: Unguja

text: the

text: main

text: island

text: of

text: the

text: Zanzibar

text: Archipelago

text: Former

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Zanzibar

text: Sultanate

text: and

text: flourishing

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: spice

text: trade

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: slave

text: trade

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: it

text: retained

text: its

text: importance

text: as

text: the

text: main

text: city

text: of

text: Zanzibar

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: protectorate

text: When

text: Tanganyika

text: and

text: Zanzibar

text: joined

text: each

text: other

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: United

text: Republic

text: of

text: Tanzania

text: Zanzibar

text: kept

text: semi

text: autonomous

text: status

text: with

text: Stone

text: Town

text: as

text: its

text: local

text: government

text: seat

text: Ancient Greek includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD. It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period (9th to 6th centuries BC), Classical period (5th and 4th centuries BC), and Hellenistic period (3rd century BC to the 6th century AD). It is antedated in the second millennium BC by Mycenaean Greek.

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: includes

text: the

text: forms

text: of

text: Greek

text: used

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: and

text: the

text: ancient

text: world

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: roughly

text: divided

text: into

text: the

text: Archaic

text: period

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Classical

text: period

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: and

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: century

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: AD

text: It

text: is

text: antedated

text: in

text: the

text: second

text: millennium

text: BC

text: by

text: Mycenaean

text: Greek

annotations: likely multiple

question: country changuu

answer: tanzania

text: tanzania

text: tanzania

text: tanzania

text: tanzania

text: tanzania

text: tanzania

text: tanzania

text: tanzania

text: tanzania

text: tanzania


text: The Bangles is an American pop rock band that formed in Los Angeles in 1981, scoring several hit singles as that decade continued. The band's hits include "Walk Like an Egyptian", "Billboard" magazine's number-one single of 1987, as well as "Manic Monday", "Hazy Shade of Winter", and their 1989 number-one single "Eternal Flame".

text: The

text: Bangles

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: pop

text: rock

text: band

text: that

text: formed

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: in

text: scoring

text: several

text: hit

text: singles

text: as

text: that

text: decade

text: continued

text: The

text: band

text: 's

text: hits

text: include

text: Walk

text: Like

text: an

text: Egyptian

text: Billboard

text: magazine

text: 's

text: number

text: one

text: single

text: of

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Manic

text: Monday

text: Hazy

text: Shade

text: of

text: Winter

text: and

text: their

text: number

text: one

text: single

text: Eternal

text: Flame

text: Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963  February 11, 2012) was an American singer, actress, producer, and model. In 2009, "Guinness World Records" cited her as the most awarded female act of all time. Houston is one of pop music's best-selling music artists of all-time, with an estimated 170200 million records sold worldwide. She released seven studio albums and two soundtrack albums, all of which have diamond, multi-platinum, platinum or gold certification. Houston's crossover appeal on the popular music charts, as well as her prominence on MTV, starting with her video for "How Will I Know", influenced several African American women artists who follow in her footsteps.

text: Whitney

text: Elizabeth

text: Houston

text: August

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: actress

text: producer

text: and

text: model

text: In

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Records

text: cited

text: her

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: awarded

text: female

text: act

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Houston

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: pop

text: music

text: 's

text: best

text: selling

text: music

text: artists

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: records

text: sold

text: worldwide

text: She

text: released

text: seven

text: studio

text: albums

text: and

text: two

text: soundtrack

text: albums

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: diamond

text: multi

text: platinum

text: platinum

text: or

text: gold

text: certification

text: Houston

text: 's

text: crossover

text: appeal

text: on

text: the

text: popular

text: music

text: charts

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: her

text: prominence

text: on

text: MTV

text: starting

text: with

text: her

text: video

text: for

text: How

text: Will

text: Know

text: influenced

text: several

text: African

text: American

text: women

text: artists

text: who

text: follow

text: in

text: her

text: footsteps

text: `` So Emotional '' is a song written by Billy Steinberg and Tom Kelly , and recorded by American singer Whitney Houston . The song was the third single from her second album Whitney , and was released in October 1987 . Commercially , it peaked at number five in the UK and number one in the Billboard Hot 100 , where it became her sixth consecutive number one , and a dance chart hit . It would go and finish as the sixth best selling song of the year and the fourth most played in clubs ; it is her sixth biggest hit on the Hot 100 chart .

text: So

text: Emotional

text: is

text: song

text: written

text: by

text: Billy

text: Steinberg

text: and

text: Tom

text: Kelly

text: and

text: recorded

text: by

text: American

text: singer

text: Whitney

text: Houston

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: single

text: from

text: her

text: second

text: album

text: Whitney

text: and

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: October

text: Commercially

text: it

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: five

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: where

text: it

text: became

text: her

text: sixth

text: consecutive

text: number

text: one

text: and

text: dance

text: chart

text: hit

text: It

text: would

text: go

text: and

text: finish

text: as

text: the

text: sixth

text: best

text: selling

text: song

text: of

text: the

text: year

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: played

text: in

text: clubs

text: it

text: is

text: her

text: sixth

text: biggest

text: hit

text: on

text: the

text: Hot

text: chart

text: "I'll Stand by You" is a 1994 song recorded by The Pretenders from their sixth studio album, "Last of the Independents". It was written by Chrissie Hynde in collaboration with the songwriting team of Tom Kelly and Billy Steinberg. It was the Pretenders' last successful single in North America.

text: 'll

text: Stand

text: by

text: You

text: is

text: song

text: recorded

text: by

text: The

text: Pretenders

text: from

text: their

text: sixth

text: studio

text: album

text: Last

text: of

text: the

text: Independents

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: Chrissie

text: Hynde

text: in

text: collaboration

text: with

text: the

text: songwriting

text: team

text: of

text: Tom

text: Kelly

text: and

text: Billy

text: Steinberg

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: Pretenders

text: last

text: successful

text: single

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: The Pretenders are an English-American rock band formed in Hereford, England, in March 1978. The original band consisted of initiator and main songwriter Chrissie Hynde (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), James Honeyman-Scott (lead guitar, backing vocals, keyboards), Pete Farndon (bass guitar, backing vocals), and Martin Chambers (drums, backing vocals, percussion). Following the drug-related deaths of Honeyman-Scott and Farndon, the band has experienced numerous subsequent personnel changes, with Hynde as the only consistent member, and Chambers returning after an absence of several years.

text: The

text: Pretenders

text: are

text: an

text: English

text: American

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: Hereford

text: England

text: in

text: March

text: The

text: original

text: band

text: consisted

text: of

text: initiator

text: and

text: main

text: songwriter

text: Chrissie

text: Hynde

text: lead

text: vocals

text: rhythm

text: guitar

text: James

text: Honeyman

text: Scott

text: lead

text: guitar

text: backing

text: vocals

text: keyboards

text: Pete

text: Farndon

text: bass

text: guitar

text: backing

text: vocals

text: and

text: Martin

text: Chambers

text: drums

text: backing

text: vocals

text: percussion

text: Following

text: the

text: drug

text: related

text: deaths

text: of

text: Honeyman

text: Scott

text: and

text: Farndon

text: the

text: band

text: has

text: experienced

text: numerous

text: subsequent

text: personnel

text: changes

text: with

text: Hynde

text: as

text: the

text: only

text: consistent

text: member

text: and

text: Chambers

text: returning

text: after

text: an

text: absence

text: of

text: several

text: years

text: Edyta Anna Górniak (born 14 November 1972, Zibice, Poland) is a Polish pop singer with a career spanning 3 decades. She is noted for possessing a wide vocal range of approximately four octaves. She started as a musical theatre actress in 1990. Górniak performed in the most popular musical in Polish history called "Metro". Some shows of "Metro" took place on Broadway. With the performance at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 she began her career as a pop singer in her native country and internationally. So far, Edyta has sold over 2 million albums and was featured on more than 160 magazine covers. The readers of "Maxim" magazine's internet site have voted her their most beautiful international cover girl. Edyta remains today arguably one of Poland's most gifted and beautiful singers.

text: Edyta

text: Anna

text: Górniak

text: born

text: November

text: Zibice

text: Poland

text: is

text: Polish

text: pop

text: singer

text: with

text: career

text: spanning

text: decades

text: She

text: is

text: noted

text: for

text: possessing

text: wide

text: vocal

text: range

text: of

text: approximately

text: four

text: octaves

text: She

text: started

text: as

text: musical

text: theatre

text: actress

text: in

text: Górniak

text: performed

text: in

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: musical

text: in

text: Polish

text: history

text: called

text: Metro

text: Some

text: shows

text: of

text: Metro

text: took

text: place

text: on

text: Broadway

text: With

text: the

text: performance

text: at

text: the

text: Eurovision

text: Song

text: Contest

text: she

text: began

text: her

text: career

text: as

text: pop

text: singer

text: in

text: her

text: native

text: country

text: and

text: internationally

text: So

text: far

text: Edyta

text: has

text: sold

text: over

text: million

text: albums

text: and

text: was

text: featured

text: on

text: more

text: than

text: magazine

text: covers

text: The

text: readers

text: of

text: Maxim

text: magazine

text: 's

text: internet

text: site

text: have

text: voted

text: her

text: their

text: most

text: beautiful

text: international

text: cover

text: girl

text: Edyta

text: remains

text: today

text: arguably

text: one

text: of

text: Poland

text: 's

text: most

text: gifted

text: and

text: beautiful

text: singers

text: "I Touch Myself" is a song written and recorded by the Australian rock band Divinyls. It was released in November 1990 as the lead single from their fifth album, "diVINYLS", and is a paean to female pleasure, eroticism, orgasm and masturbation.

text: Touch

text: Myself

text: is

text: song

text: written

text: and

text: recorded

text: by

text: the

text: Australian

text: rock

text: band

text: Divinyls

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: November

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: single

text: from

text: their

text: fifth

text: album

text: diVINYLS

text: and

text: is

text: paean

text: to

text: female

text: pleasure

text: eroticism

text: orgasm

text: and

text: masturbation

text: Patricia Mae Andrzejewski (born January 10, 1953), known professionally by her stage name Pat Benatar, is an American singer, songwriter, and four time Grammy Award winner. She is a soprano. She has had massive commercial success, particularly in the United States and Canada. During the 1980s, Benatar had two RIAA-certified multi-platinum albums, five RIAA-certified platinum albums, three RIAA-certified gold albums, 17 Billboard charting hits, 15 of them being Top 40 singles, including the Top 10 hits "Hit Me with Your Best Shot", "Love Is a Battlefield", "We Belong", and "Invincible". Other popular singles include "Heartbreaker", "Treat Me Right", "Fire and Ice", "Promises in the Dark", "Shadows of the Night", and "All Fired Up". Benatar was one of the most heavily played artists in the early days of MTV. She was the first female artist to play on MTV, performing "You Better Run".

text: Patricia

text: Mae

text: Andrzejewski

text: born

text: January

text: known

text: professionally

text: by

text: her

text: stage

text: name

text: Pat

text: Benatar

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: four

text: time

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: winner

text: She

text: is

text: soprano

text: She

text: has

text: had

text: massive

text: commercial

text: success

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: Canada

text: During

text: the

text: Benatar

text: had

text: two

text: RIAA

text: certified

text: multi

text: platinum

text: albums

text: five

text: RIAA

text: certified

text: platinum

text: albums

text: three

text: RIAA

text: certified

text: gold

text: albums

text: Billboard

text: charting

text: hits

text: of

text: them

text: being

text: Top

text: singles

text: including

text: the

text: Top

text: hits

text: Hit

text: Me

text: with

text: Your

text: Best

text: Shot

text: Love

text: Is

text: Battlefield

text: We

text: Belong

text: and

text: Invincible

text: Other

text: popular

text: singles

text: include

text: Heartbreaker

text: Treat

text: Me

text: Right

text: Fire

text: and

text: Ice

text: Promises

text: in

text: the

text: Dark

text: Shadows

text: of

text: the

text: Night

text: and

text: All

text: Fired

text: Up

text: Benatar

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: heavily

text: played

text: artists

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: days

text: of

text: MTV

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: female

text: artist

text: to

text: play

text: on

text: MTV

text: performing

text: You

text: Better

text: Run

text: "How Will I Know" is a 1986 song recorded by American recording artist Whitney Houston for her eponymous debut album, which was released in February 1985. It was released by Arista Records in November that year, as the album's third single. Composed by George Merrill and Shannon Rubicam, the song was originally intended for Janet Jackson, but she passed on it. Houston then recorded the song with altered lyrics and production from Narada Michael Walden. The lyrics speak about the protagonist trying to discern if a boy she likes will ever like her back.

text: How

text: Will

text: Know

text: is

text: song

text: recorded

text: by

text: American

text: recording

text: artist

text: Whitney

text: Houston

text: for

text: her

text: eponymous

text: debut

text: album

text: which

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: February

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: Arista

text: Records

text: in

text: November

text: that

text: year

text: as

text: the

text: album

text: 's

text: third

text: single

text: Composed

text: by

text: George

text: Merrill

text: and

text: Shannon

text: Rubicam

text: the

text: song

text: was

text: originally

text: intended

text: for

text: Janet

text: Jackson

text: but

text: she

text: passed

text: on

text: it

text: Houston

text: then

text: recorded

text: the

text: song

text: with

text: altered

text: lyrics

text: and

text: production

text: from

text: Narada

text: Michael

text: Walden

text: The

text: lyrics

text: speak

text: about

text: the

text: protagonist

text: trying

text: to

text: discern

text: if

text: boy

text: she

text: likes

text: will

text: ever

text: like

text: her

text: back

text: William Endfield "Billy" Steinberg (born February 26, 1950) is an American songwriter. He achieved his greatest success in the 1980s with songwriting partner Tom Kelly; together the two wrote or co-wrote the No. 1 hits "Like a Virgin" by Madonna (1984), "True Colors" by Cyndi Lauper (1986), "Eternal Flame" by the Bangles (1989), "So Emotional" by Whitney Houston (1987) and "Alone" (covered by Heart in 1987). They also wrote or co-wrote the hit songs "I Drove All Night" (recorded by various artists, 1987), "I Touch Myself" by Divinyls (1990), "I'll Stand By You" by The Pretenders (1994) and "One & One" by Edyta Górniak (1997). Steinberg wrote "I'm Gonna Follow You" for Pat Benatar.

text: William

text: Endfield

text: Billy

text: Steinberg

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: songwriter

text: He

text: achieved

text: his

text: greatest

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: with

text: songwriting

text: partner

text: Tom

text: Kelly

text: together

text: the

text: two

text: wrote

text: or

text: co

text: wrote

text: the

text: No

text: hits

text: Like

text: Virgin

text: by

text: Madonna

text: True

text: Colors

text: by

text: Cyndi

text: Lauper

text: Eternal

text: Flame

text: by

text: the

text: Bangles

text: So

text: Emotional

text: by

text: Whitney

text: Houston

text: and

text: Alone

text: covered

text: by

text: Heart

text: in

text: They

text: also

text: wrote

text: or

text: co

text: wrote

text: the

text: hit

text: songs

text: Drove

text: All

text: Night

text: recorded

text: by

text: various

text: artists

text: Touch

text: Myself

text: by

text: Divinyls

text: 'll

text: Stand

text: By

text: You

text: by

text: The

text: Pretenders

text: and

text: One

text: One

text: by

text: Edyta

text: Górniak

text: Steinberg

text: wrote

text: 'm

text: Gon

text: Follow

text: You

text: for

text: Pat

text: Benatar

text: MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as "video jockeys" (VJs). In its early years, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily towards teenagers, high school students and college students. MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods. It has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTV's influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years.

text: MTV

text: originally

text: an

text: initialism

text: of

text: Music

text: Television

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: cable

text: and

text: satellite

text: television

text: channel

text: owned

text: by

text: Viacom

text: Media

text: Networks

text: division

text: of

text: Viacom

text: and

text: headquartered

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Launched

text: on

text: August

text: the

text: channel

text: originally

text: aired

text: music

text: videos

text: as

text: guided

text: by

text: television

text: personalities

text: known

text: as

text: video

text: jockeys

text: VJs

text: In

text: its

text: early

text: years

text: MTV

text: 's

text: main

text: target

text: demographic

text: was

text: young

text: adults

text: but

text: today

text: it

text: is

text: primarily

text: towards

text: teenagers

text: high

text: school

text: students

text: and

text: college

text: students

text: MTV

text: has

text: toned

text: down

text: its

text: music

text: video

text: programming

text: significantly

text: in

text: recent

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: programming

text: now

text: consists

text: mainly

text: of

text: original

text: reality

text: comedy

text: and

text: drama

text: programming

text: and

text: some

text: off

text: network

text: syndicated

text: programs

text: and

text: films

text: with

text: limited

text: music

text: video

text: programming

text: in

text: off

text: peak

text: time

text: periods

text: It

text: has

text: received

text: criticism

text: towards

text: this

text: change

text: of

text: focus

text: both

text: by

text: certain

text: segments

text: of

text: its

text: audience

text: and

text: musicians

text: MTV

text: 's

text: influence

text: on

text: its

text: audience

text: including

text: issues

text: involving

text: censorship

text: and

text: social

text: activism

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: subject

text: of

text: debate

text: for

text: several

text: years

text: Cynthia Ann Stephanie "Cyndi" Lauper (born June 22, 1953) is an American singer, songwriter, actress and LGBT activist. Her career has spanned over 30 years. Her debut solo album "She's So Unusual" (1983) was the first debut female album to chart four top-five hits on the "Billboard" Hot 100"Girls Just Want to Have Fun", "Time After Time", "She Bop", and "All Through the Night"and earned Lauper the Best New Artist award at the 27th Grammy Awards in 1985. Her success continued with the soundtrack for the motion picture "The Goonies" and her second record "True Colors" (1986). This album included the number one hit of the same name and "Change of Heart", which peaked at number 3.

text: Cynthia

text: Ann

text: Stephanie

text: Cyndi

text: Lauper

text: born

text: June

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: actress

text: and

text: LGBT

text: activist

text: Her

text: career

text: has

text: spanned

text: over

text: years

text: Her

text: debut

text: solo

text: album

text: She

text: 's

text: So

text: Unusual

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: debut

text: female

text: album

text: to

text: chart

text: four

text: top

text: five

text: hits

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: Just

text: Want

text: to

text: Have

text: Fun

text: Time

text: After

text: Time

text: She

text: Bop

text: and

text: All

text: Through

text: the

text: Night"and

text: earned

text: Lauper

text: the

text: Best

text: New

text: Artist

text: award

text: at

text: the

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: in

text: Her

text: success

text: continued

text: with

text: the

text: soundtrack

text: for

text: the

text: motion

text: picture

text: The

text: Goonies

text: and

text: her

text: second

text: record

text: True

text: Colors

text: This

text: album

text: included

text: the

text: number

text: one

text: hit

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: and

text: Change

text: of

text: Heart

text: which

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text:
Guinness World Records, known from its inception in 1955 until 1998 as The Guinness Book of Records and in previous U.S. editions as The Guinness Book of World Records, is a reference book published annually, listing world records and national records, both of human achievements and the extremes of the natural world. The book itself holds a world record, as the best-selling copyrighted book of all time. As of the 2017 edition, it is now in its 63rd year of publication, published in 100 countries and 23 languages.
The international franchise has extended beyond print to include television series and museums. The popularity of the franchise has resulted in "Guinness World Records" becoming the primary international authority on the cataloguing and verification of a huge number of world records; the organisation employs official record adjudicators authorised to verify the authenticity of the setting and breaking of records.

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Records

text: known

text: from

text: its

text: inception

text: in

text: until

text: as

text: The

text: Guinness

text: Book

text: of

text: Records

text: and

text: in

text: previous

text: U.S.

text: editions

text: as

text: The

text: Guinness

text: Book

text: of

text: World

text: Records

text: is

text: reference

text: book

text: published

text: annually

text: listing

text: world

text: records

text: and

text: national

text: records

text: both

text: of

text: human

text: achievements

text: and

text: the

text: extremes

text: of

text: the

text: natural

text: world

text: The

text: book

text: itself

text: holds

text: world

text: record

text: as

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: copyrighted

text: book

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: As

text: of

text: the

text: edition

text: it

text: is

text: now

text: in

text: its

text: year

text: of

text: publication

text: published

text: in

text: countries

text: and

text: languages

text: The

text: international

text: franchise

text: has

text: extended

text: beyond

text: print

text: to

text: include

text: television

text: series

text: and

text: museums

text: The

text: popularity

text: of

text: the

text: franchise

text: has

text: resulted

text: in

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Records

text: becoming

text: the

text: primary

text: international

text: authority

text: on

text: the

text: cataloguing

text: and

text: verification

text: of

text: huge

text: number

text: of

text: world

text: records

text: the

text: organisation

text: employs

text: official

text: record

text: adjudicators

text: authorised

text: to

text: verify

text: the

text: authenticity

text: of

text: the

text: setting

text: and

text: breaking

text: of

text: records

text: A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the latter term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the music industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies. Pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers  songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own music publishers, while others have outside publishers.

text: songwriter

text: is

text: an

text: individual

text: who

text: writes

text: the

text: lyrics

text: melodies

text: and

text: chord

text: progressions

text: for

text: songs

text: typically

text: for

text: popular

text: music

text: genre

text: such

text: as

text: rock

text: or

text: country

text: music

text: songwriter

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: called

text: composer

text: although

text: the

text: latter

text: term

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: mainly

text: for

text: individuals

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: music

text: genre

text: The

text: pressure

text: from

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: to

text: produce

text: popular

text: hits

text: means

text: that

text: songwriting

text: is

text: often

text: an

text: activity

text: for

text: which

text: the

text: tasks

text: are

text: distributed

text: between

text: number

text: of

text: people

text: For

text: example

text: songwriter

text: who

text: excels

text: at

text: writing

text: lyrics

text: might

text: be

text: paired

text: with

text: songwriter

text: with

text: gift

text: for

text: creating

text: original

text: melodies

text: Pop

text: songs

text: may

text: be

text: written

text: by

text: group

text: members

text: from

text: the

text: band

text: or

text: by

text: staff

text: writers

text: songwriters

text: directly

text: employed

text: by

text: music

text: publishers

text: Some

text: songwriters

text: serve

text: as

text: their

text: own

text: music

text: publishers

text: while

text: others

text: have

text: outside

text: publishers

text:
Divinyls (often incorrectly referred to as The Divinyls) was an Australian rock band that was formed in Sydney in 1980. The band primarily consisted of vocalist Chrissy Amphlett and guitarist Mark McEntee. Amphlett garnered widespread attention for performing on stage in a school uniform and fishnet stockings, and often used an illuminated neon tube as a prop for displaying aggression towards both band members and the audience.
Originally a five-piece, the band underwent numerous line-up changes, with Amphlett and McEntee remaining as core members, before its dissolution in 1996.

text: Divinyls

text: often

text: incorrectly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: The

text: Divinyls

text: was

text: an

text: Australian

text: rock

text: band

text: that

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: Sydney

text: in

text: The

text: band

text: primarily

text: consisted

text: of

text: vocalist

text: Chrissy

text: Amphlett

text: and

text: guitarist

text: Mark

text: McEntee

text: Amphlett

text: garnered

text: widespread

text: attention

text: for

text: performing

text: on

text: stage

text: in

text: school

text: uniform

text: and

text: fishnet

text: stockings

text: and

text: often

text: used

text: an

text: illuminated

text: neon

text: tube

text: as

text: prop

text: for

text: displaying

text: aggression

text: towards

text: both

text: band

text: members

text: and

text: the

text: audience

text: Originally

text: five

text: piece

text: the

text: band

text: underwent

text: numerous

text: line

text: up

text: changes

text: with

text: Amphlett

text: and

text: McEntee

text: remaining

text: as

text: core

text: members

text: before

text: its

text: dissolution

text: in

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely single

question: record_label so emotional

answer: arista records

text: arista records