text: Binomial nomenclature (also called binominal nomenclature or binary nomenclature) is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages. Such a name is called a binomial name (which may be shortened to just "binomial"), a binomen or a scientific name; more informally it is also called a Latin name. The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs; the second part identifies the species within the genus. For example, humans belong to the genus "Homo" and within this genus to the species "Homo sapiens". The "formal" introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl Linnaeus, effectively beginning with his work "Species Plantarum" in 1753. But Gaspard Bauhin, in as early as 1623, had introduced in his book "Pinax theatri botanici" (English, "Illustrated exposition of plants") many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus.

text: Binomial

text: nomenclature

text: also

text: called

text: binominal

text: nomenclature

text: or

text: binary

text: nomenclature

text: is

text: formal

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: of

text: living

text: things

text: by

text: giving

text: each

text: name

text: composed

text: of

text: two

text: parts

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: use

text: Latin

text: grammatical

text: forms

text: although

text: they

text: can

text: be

text: based

text: on

text: words

text: from

text: other

text: languages

text: Such

text: name

text: is

text: called

text: binomial

text: name

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: shortened

text: to

text: just

text: binomial

text: binomen

text: or

text: scientific

text: name

text: more

text: informally

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Latin

text: name

text: The

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: name

text: identifies

text: the

text: genus

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: species

text: belongs

text: the

text: second

text: part

text: identifies

text: the

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: For

text: example

text: humans

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Homo

text: and

text: within

text: this

text: genus

text: to

text: the

text: species

text: Homo

text: sapiens

text: The

text: formal

text: introduction

text: of

text: this

text: system

text: of

text: naming

text: species

text: is

text: credited

text: to

text: Carl

text: Linnaeus

text: effectively

text: beginning

text: with

text: his

text: work

text: Species

text: Plantarum

text: in

text: But

text: Gaspard

text: Bauhin

text: in

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: had

text: introduced

text: in

text: his

text: book

text: Pinax

text: theatri

text: botanici

text: English

text: Illustrated

text: exposition

text: of

text: plants

text: many

text: names

text: of

text: genera

text: that

text: were

text: later

text: adopted

text: by

text: Linnaeus

text: Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 64,000 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) and the bony fish.

text: Vertebrates

text: comprise

text: all

text: species

text: of

text: animals

text: within

text: the

text: subphylum

text: Vertebrata

text: chordates

text: with

text: backbones

text: Vertebrates

text: represent

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: phylum

text: Chordata

text: with

text: currently

text: about

text: species

text: described

text: Vertebrates

text: include

text: the

text: jawless

text: fish

text: and

text: the

text: jawed

text: vertebrates

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: cartilaginous

text: fish

text: sharks

text: and

text: rays

text: and

text: the

text: bony

text: fish

text: The Maghreb (or ; literally "sunset"; ', "the Arab West" previously known as Barbary Coast, derived from Berber), or the Greater Maghreb ("al-Maghrib al-Kabr"), is usually defined as much or most of the region of western North Africa or Northwest Africa, west of Egypt. The traditional definition as the region including the Atlas Mountains and the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, was later superseded, especially following the 1989 formation of the Arab Maghreb Union (  ), by the inclusion of Mauritania and of the disputed territory of Western Sahara (mostly controlled by Morocco). During the Al-Andalus era in Spain (7111492), the Maghreb's inhabitants, Maghrebis, were known as "Moors"; the Muslim areas of Spain in those times were usually included in contemporary definitions of the Maghrebhence the use of "Moorish" or "Moors" to describe the Muslim inhabitants of Spain in Western sources.

text: The

text: Maghreb

text: or

text: literally

text: sunset

text: the

text: Arab

text: West

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: Barbary

text: Coast

text: derived

text: from

text: Berber

text: or

text: the

text: Greater

text: Maghreb

text: al

text: Maghrib

text: al

text: Kabr

text: is

text: usually

text: defined

text: as

text: much

text: or

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: western

text: North

text: Africa

text: or

text: Northwest

text: Africa

text: west

text: of

text: Egypt

text: The

text: traditional

text: definition

text: as

text: the

text: region

text: including

text: the

text: Atlas

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: coastal

text: plains

text: of

text: Morocco

text: Algeria

text: Tunisia

text: and

text: Libya

text: was

text: later

text: superseded

text: especially

text: following

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: Maghreb

text: Union

text: by

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: Mauritania

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: disputed

text: territory

text: of

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: mostly

text: controlled

text: by

text: Morocco

text: During

text: the

text: Al

text: Andalus

text: era

text: in

text: Spain

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: 's

text: inhabitants

text: Maghrebis

text: were

text: known

text: as

text: Moors

text: the

text: Muslim

text: areas

text: of

text: Spain

text: in

text: those

text: times

text: were

text: usually

text: included

text: in

text: contemporary

text: definitions

text: of

text: the

text: Maghrebhence

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: Moorish

text: or

text: Moors

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: Muslim

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: Spain

text: in

text: Western

text: sources

text: Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female's large ovum (or egg) and a male's smaller sperm. Each gamete contains half the number of chromosomes of normal cells. They are created by a specialized type of cell division, which only occurs in eukaryotic cells, known as meiosis. The two gametes fuse during fertilization to produce DNA replication and the creation of a single-celled zygote which includes genetic material from both gametes. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) joins up so that homologous chromosome sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. Two rounds of cell division then produce four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes from each original parent cell, and the same number of chromosomes as both parents, though self-fertilization can occur. For instance, in human reproduction each human cell contains 46 chromosomes, 23 pairs, except gamete cells, which only contain 23 chromosomes, so the child will have 23 chromosomes from each parent genetically recombined into 23 pairs. Cell division initiates the development of a new individual organism in multicellular organisms, including animals and plants, for the vast majority of whom this is the primary method of reproduction.

text: Sexual

text: reproduction

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: reproduction

text: where

text: two

text: morphologically

text: distinct

text: types

text: of

text: specialized

text: reproductive

text: cells

text: called

text: gametes

text: fuse

text: together

text: involving

text: female

text: 's

text: large

text: ovum

text: or

text: egg

text: and

text: male

text: 's

text: smaller

text: sperm

text: Each

text: gamete

text: contains

text: half

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: chromosomes

text: of

text: normal

text: cells

text: They

text: are

text: created

text: by

text: specialized

text: type

text: of

text: cell

text: division

text: which

text: only

text: occurs

text: in

text: eukaryotic

text: cells

text: known

text: as

text: meiosis

text: The

text: two

text: gametes

text: fuse

text: during

text: fertilization

text: to

text: produce

text: DNA

text: replication

text: and

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: single

text: celled

text: zygote

text: which

text: includes

text: genetic

text: material

text: from

text: both

text: gametes

text: In

text: process

text: called

text: genetic

text: recombination

text: genetic

text: material

text: DNA

text: joins

text: up

text: so

text: that

text: homologous

text: chromosome

text: sequences

text: are

text: aligned

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: and

text: this

text: is

text: followed

text: by

text: exchange

text: of

text: genetic

text: information

text: Two

text: rounds

text: of

text: cell

text: division

text: then

text: produce

text: four

text: daughter

text: cells

text: with

text: half

text: the

text: number

text: of

text: chromosomes

text: from

text: each

text: original

text: parent

text: cell

text: and

text: the

text: same

text: number

text: of

text: chromosomes

text: as

text: both

text: parents

text: though

text: self

text: fertilization

text: can

text: occur

text: For

text: instance

text: in

text: human

text: reproduction

text: each

text: human

text: cell

text: contains

text: chromosomes

text: pairs

text: except

text: gamete

text: cells

text: which

text: only

text: contain

text: chromosomes

text: so

text: the

text: child

text: will

text: have

text: chromosomes

text: from

text: each

text: parent

text: genetically

text: recombined

text: into

text: pairs

text: Cell

text: division

text: initiates

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: new

text: individual

text: organism

text: in

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: including

text: animals

text: and

text: plants

text: for

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: whom

text: this

text: is

text: the

text: primary

text: method

text: of

text: reproduction

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: Delichon is a small genus of passerine birds that belongs to the swallow family and contains three species named as house martins . These are chunky , bull - headed and short - tailed birds , blackish - blue above with a contrasting white rump , and with white or grey underparts . They have feathering on the toes and tarsi that is characteristic of this genus . The house martins are closely related to other swallows that build mud nests , particularly the Hirundo barn swallows . They breed only in Europe , Asia and the mountains of North Africa . Two species , the common and Asian house martins , migrate south in winter , while the Nepal house martin is resident in the Himalayas year - round . The house martins nest in colonies on cliffs or buildings , constructing feather - or grass - lined mud nests . The typical clutch is two or three white eggs ; both parents build the nest , incubate the eggs and feed the chicks . These martins are aerial hunters of small insects such as flies and aphids . Despite their flying skills the Delichon martins are sometimes caught by fast - flying birds of prey . They may carry fleas or internal parasites . None of the species are considered threatened , although widespread reductions in common house martin numbers have been reported from central and northern Europe . This decline is due to factors including poor weather , poisoning by agricultural pesticides , lack of mud for nest building and competition with house sparrows for nest sites .

text: Delichon

text: is

text: small

text: genus

text: of

text: passerine

text: birds

text: that

text: belongs

text: to

text: the

text: swallow

text: family

text: and

text: contains

text: three

text: species

text: named

text: as

text: house

text: martins

text: These

text: are

text: chunky

text: bull

text: headed

text: and

text: short

text: tailed

text: birds

text: blackish

text: blue

text: above

text: with

text: contrasting

text: white

text: rump

text: and

text: with

text: white

text: or

text: grey

text: underparts

text: They

text: have

text: feathering

text: on

text: the

text: toes

text: and

text: tarsi

text: that

text: is

text: characteristic

text: of

text: this

text: genus

text: The

text: house

text: martins

text: are

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: other

text: swallows

text: that

text: build

text: mud

text: nests

text: particularly

text: the

text: Hirundo

text: barn

text: swallows

text: They

text: breed

text: only

text: in

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: mountains

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: Two

text: species

text: the

text: common

text: and

text: Asian

text: house

text: martins

text: migrate

text: south

text: in

text: winter

text: while

text: the

text: Nepal

text: house

text: martin

text: is

text: resident

text: in

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: year

text: round

text: The

text: house

text: martins

text: nest

text: in

text: colonies

text: on

text: cliffs

text: or

text: buildings

text: constructing

text: feather

text: or

text: grass

text: lined

text: mud

text: nests

text: The

text: typical

text: clutch

text: is

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: white

text: eggs

text: both

text: parents

text: build

text: the

text: nest

text: incubate

text: the

text: eggs

text: and

text: feed

text: the

text: chicks

text: These

text: martins

text: are

text: aerial

text: hunters

text: of

text: small

text: insects

text: such

text: as

text: flies

text: and

text: aphids

text: Despite

text: their

text: flying

text: skills

text: the

text: Delichon

text: martins

text: are

text: sometimes

text: caught

text: by

text: fast

text: flying

text: birds

text: of

text: prey

text: They

text: may

text: carry

text: fleas

text: or

text: internal

text: parasites

text: of

text: the

text: species

text: are

text: considered

text: threatened

text: although

text: widespread

text: reductions

text: in

text: common

text: house

text: martin

text: numbers

text: have

text: been

text: reported

text: from

text: central

text: and

text: northern

text: Europe

text: This

text: decline

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: factors

text: including

text: poor

text: weather

text: poisoning

text: by

text: agricultural

text: pesticides

text: lack

text: of

text: mud

text: for

text: nest

text: building

text: and

text: competition

text: with

text: house

text: sparrows

text: for

text: nest

text: sites

text: Libya ("") is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west. The three traditional parts of the country are Tripolitania, Fezzan and Cyrenaica. With an area of almost , Libya is the fourth largest country in Africa, and is the 16th largest country in the world. Libya has the 10th-largest proven oil reserves of any country in the world.

text: Libya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Chad

text: and

text: Niger

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Algeria

text: and

text: Tunisia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: three

text: traditional

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: are

text: Tripolitania

text: Fezzan

text: and

text: Cyrenaica

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: almost

text: Libya

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Libya

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: proven

text: oil

text: reserves

text: of

text: any

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Rodents (from Latin "rodere", "to gnaw") are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws. About 40% of all mammal species are rodents; they are found in vast numbers on all continents except Antarctica. They are the most diversified mammalian order and live in a variety of terrestrial habitats, including human-made environments.

text: Rodents

text: from

text: Latin

text: rodere

text: to

text: gnaw

text: are

text: mammals

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Rodentia

text: which

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: single

text: pair

text: of

text: continuously

text: growing

text: incisors

text: in

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: upper

text: and

text: lower

text: jaws

text: About

text: of

text: all

text: mammal

text: species

text: are

text: rodents

text: they

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: vast

text: numbers

text: on

text: all

text: continents

text: except

text: Antarctica

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: diversified

text: mammalian

text: order

text: and

text: live

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: terrestrial

text: habitats

text: including

text: human

text: made

text: environments

text: Birds (Aves), also known as avian dinosaurs, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. They rank as the class of tetrapods with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds.

text: Birds

text: Aves

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: avian

text: dinosaurs

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: endothermic

text: vertebrates

text: characterised

text: by

text: feathers

text: toothless

text: beaked

text: jaws

text: the

text: laying

text: of

text: hard

text: shelled

text: eggs

text: high

text: metabolic

text: rate

text: four

text: chambered

text: heart

text: and

text: lightweight

text: but

text: strong

text: skeleton

text: Birds

text: live

text: worldwide

text: and

text: range

text: in

text: size

text: from

text: the

text: bee

text: hummingbird

text: to

text: the

text: ostrich

text: They

text: rank

text: as

text: the

text: class

text: of

text: tetrapods

text: with

text: the

text: most

text: living

text: species

text: at

text: approximately

text: ten

text: thousand

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: these

text: being

text: passerines

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: perching

text: birds

text: or

text: less

text: accurately

text: as

text: songbirds

text: The Himalayas, or Himalaya, (or ) are a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

text: The

text: Himalayas

text: or

text: Himalaya

text: or

text: are

text: mountain

text: range

text: in

text: Asia

text: separating

text: the

text: plains

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: from

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: The Sahara (", 'the Greatest Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of is comparable to the area of the United States.

text: The

text: Sahara

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Desert

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: hot

text: desert

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: desert

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Antarctica

text: and

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Its

text: area

text: of

text: is

text: comparable

text: to

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres and sharing the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe. Asia covers an area of , about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements as well as vast barely populated regions within the continent of 4.4 billion people.

text: Asia

text: is

text: Earth

text: 's

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: and

text: northern

text: hemispheres

text: and

text: sharing

text: the

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: with

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: The

text: continent

text: which

text: has

text: long

text: been

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: population

text: was

text: the

text: site

text: of

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: civilizations

text: Asia

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: not

text: only

text: its

text: overall

text: large

text: size

text: and

text: population

text: but

text: also

text: dense

text: and

text: large

text: settlements

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: vast

text: barely

text: populated

text: regions

text: within

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: billion

text: people

text: The Tibetan Plateau, also known in China as the QinghaiTibet Plateau or the Qingzang Plateau or Himalayan Plateau, is a vast elevated plateau in Central Asia and East Asia, covering most of the Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province in western China, as well as part of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir state of India. It stretches approximately north to south and east to west. With an average elevation exceeding , the Tibetan Plateau is sometimes called "the Roof of the World" and is the world's highest and largest plateau, with an area of (about five times the size of Metropolitan France). Sometimes termed the Third Pole, the Tibetan Plateau contains the headwaters of the drainage basins of most of the streams in surrounding regions. Its tens of thousands of glaciers and other geographical and ecological features serve as a "water tower" storing water and maintaining flow. The impact of global warming on the Tibetan Plateau is of intense scientific interest.

text: The

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: China

text: as

text: the

text: QinghaiTibet

text: Plateau

text: or

text: the

text: Qingzang

text: Plateau

text: or

text: Himalayan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: vast

text: elevated

text: plateau

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: East

text: Asia

text: covering

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Tibet

text: Autonomous

text: Region

text: and

text: Qinghai

text: Province

text: in

text: western

text: China

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Ladakh

text: in

text: Jammu

text: and

text: Kashmir

text: state

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: stretches

text: approximately

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: to

text: west

text: With

text: an

text: average

text: elevation

text: exceeding

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: sometimes

text: called

text: the

text: Roof

text: of

text: the

text: World

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: highest

text: and

text: largest

text: plateau

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: five

text: times

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: Metropolitan

text: France

text: Sometimes

text: termed

text: the

text: Third

text: Pole

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: contains

text: the

text: headwaters

text: of

text: the

text: drainage

text: basins

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: streams

text: in

text: surrounding

text: regions

text: Its

text: tens

text: of

text: thousands

text: of

text: glaciers

text: and

text: other

text: geographical

text: and

text: ecological

text: features

text: serve

text: as

text: water

text: tower

text: storing

text: water

text: and

text: maintaining

text: flow

text: The

text: impact

text: of

text: global

text: warming

text: on

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: is

text: of

text: intense

text: scientific

text: interest

text: A genus ( genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

text: genus

text: genera

text: is

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: biological

text: classification

text: of

text: living

text: and

text: fossil

text: organisms

text: in

text: biology

text: In

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: genus

text: comes

text: above

text: species

text: and

text: below

text: family

text: In

text: binomial

text: nomenclature

text: the

text: genus

text: name

text: forms

text: the

text: first

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: binomial

text: species

text: name

text: for

text: each

text: species

text: within

text: the

text: genus

text: North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of Africa. The United Nations definition of "North Africa" includes seven countries and territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara. The countries of Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya are often collectively referred to as the Maghreb, which is the Arabic word for "sunset". Egypt lies to the northeast and encompasses part of West Asia, while Sudan is situated on the edge of the Sahel, to the south of Egypt.

text: North

text: Africa

text: or

text: Northern

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: region

text: of

text: Africa

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: definition

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: includes

text: seven

text: countries

text: and

text: territories

text: Algeria

text: Egypt

text: Libya

text: Mauritania

text: Morocco

text: Sudan

text: Tunisia

text: and

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: The

text: countries

text: of

text: Algeria

text: Morocco

text: Tunisia

text: and

text: Libya

text: are

text: often

text: collectively

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: Arabic

text: word

text: for

text: sunset

text: Egypt

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: encompasses

text: part

text: of

text: West

text: Asia

text: while

text: Sudan

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: Sahel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: Egypt

text: Algeria (' "Dzayer"), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers, located in the country's far north. With an area of , Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia, to the east by Libya, to the west by Morocco, to the southwest by the Western Saharan territory, Mauritania, and Mali, to the southeast by Niger, and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The country is a semi-presidential republic consisting of 48 provinces and 1,541 communes (counties). Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been President since 1999.

text: Algeria

text: Dzayer

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Algeria

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: North

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Algiers

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: far

text: north

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Algeria

text: is

text: the

text: tenth

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Africa

text: Algeria

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Tunisia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Morocco

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Saharan

text: territory

text: Mauritania

text: and

text: Mali

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Niger

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: consisting

text: of

text: provinces

text: and

text: communes

text: counties

text: Abdelaziz

text: Bouteflika

text: has

text: been

text: President

text: since

text: Tunisia ('; ), officially the Republic of Tunisia (') is the northernmost country in Africa, covering . Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11 million in 2014. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on Tunisia's northeast coast.

text: Tunisia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Tunisia

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: covering

text: Its

text: northernmost

text: point

text: Cape

text: Angela

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: point

text: on

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Algeria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Tunisia

text: 's

text: population

text: was

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: just

text: under

text: million

text: in

text: Tunisia

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: its

text: capital

text: city

text: Tunis

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: Tunisia

text: 's

text: northeast

text: coast

text: The order Squamata, or the scaled reptiles, are the largest recent order of reptiles, comprising all lizards and snakes. With over 10,000 species, it is also the second-largest order of extant vertebrates, after the perciform fish, and roughly equal in number to the Saurischia (one of the 2 major groups of dinosaurs). Members of the order are distinguished by their skins, which bear horny scales or shields. They also possess movable quadrate bones, making it possible to move the upper jaw relative to the neurocranium. This is particularly visible in snakes, which are able to open their mouths very wide to accommodate comparatively large prey. They are the most variably sized order of reptiles, ranging from the dwarf gecko ("Sphaerodactylus ariasae") to the green anaconda ("Eunectes murinus") and the now-extinct mosasaurs, which reached lengths of .

text: The

text: order

text: Squamata

text: or

text: the

text: scaled

text: reptiles

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: recent

text: order

text: of

text: reptiles

text: comprising

text: all

text: lizards

text: and

text: snakes

text: With

text: over

text: species

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: order

text: of

text: extant

text: vertebrates

text: after

text: the

text: perciform

text: fish

text: and

text: roughly

text: equal

text: in

text: number

text: to

text: the

text: Saurischia

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: groups

text: of

text: dinosaurs

text: Members

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: are

text: distinguished

text: by

text: their

text: skins

text: which

text: bear

text: horny

text: scales

text: or

text: shields

text: They

text: also

text: possess

text: movable

text: quadrate

text: bones

text: making

text: it

text: possible

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: upper

text: jaw

text: relative

text: to

text: the

text: neurocranium

text: This

text: is

text: particularly

text: visible

text: in

text: snakes

text: which

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: open

text: their

text: mouths

text: very

text: wide

text: to

text: accommodate

text: comparatively

text: large

text: prey

text: They

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: variably

text: sized

text: order

text: of

text: reptiles

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: dwarf

text: gecko

text: Sphaerodactylus

text: ariasae

text: to

text: the

text: green

text: anaconda

text: Eunectes

text: murinus

text: and

text: the

text: now

text: extinct

text: mosasaurs

text: which

text: reached

text: lengths

text: of

text: Mammals are any vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin "mamma" "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles and birds by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones and mammary glands. The sister group of mammals may be the extinct "Haldanodon." The mammals represent the only living Synapsida, which together with the Sauropsida form the Amniota clade. The mammals consist of the Yinotheria including monotrema and the Theriiformes including the theria.

text: Mammals

text: are

text: any

text: vertebrates

text: within

text: the

text: class

text: Mammalia

text: from

text: Latin

text: mamma

text: breast

text: clade

text: of

text: endothermic

text: amniotes

text: distinguished

text: from

text: reptiles

text: and

text: birds

text: by

text: the

text: possession

text: of

text: neocortex

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: brain

text: hair

text: three

text: middle

text: ear

text: bones

text: and

text: mammary

text: glands

text: The

text: sister

text: group

text: of

text: mammals

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: extinct

text: Haldanodon

text: The

text: mammals

text: represent

text: the

text: only

text: living

text: Synapsida

text: which

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Sauropsida

text: form

text: the

text: Amniota

text: clade

text: The

text: mammals

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Yinotheria

text: including

text: monotrema

text: and

text: the

text: Theriiformes

text: including

text: the

text: theria

text: The bird genus Hirundo is a group of passerines in the family Hirundinidae (swallows and martins). The genus name is the Latin for a swallow. These are the typical swallows, including the widespread barn swallow. Many of this group have blue backs, red on the face and sometimes the rump or nape, and whitish or rufous underparts. With fourteen species this genus is the largest in its family.

text: The

text: bird

text: genus

text: Hirundo

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: passerines

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Hirundinidae

text: swallows

text: and

text: martins

text: The

text: genus

text: name

text: is

text: the

text: Latin

text: for

text: swallow

text: These

text: are

text: the

text: typical

text: swallows

text: including

text: the

text: widespread

text: barn

text: swallow

text: Many

text: of

text: this

text: group

text: have

text: blue

text: backs

text: red

text: on

text: the

text: face

text: and

text: sometimes

text: the

text: rump

text: or

text: nape

text: and

text: whitish

text: or

text: rufous

text: underparts

text: With

text: fourteen

text: species

text: this

text: genus

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: its

text: family

text: Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked central Himalayan country in South Asia. It has a population of 26.4 million and is the 93rd largest country by area. Bordering China in the north and India in the south, east, and west, it is the largest sovereign Himalayan state. Nepal does not border Bangladesh, which is located within only 27 km (17 mi) of its southeastern tip. It neither borders Bhutan due to the Indian state of Sikkim being located in between. Nepal has a diverse geography, including fertile plains, subalpine forested hills, and eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest city. It is a multiethnic nation with Nepali as the official language.

text: Nepal

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nepal

text: is

text: landlocked

text: central

text: Himalayan

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: Bordering

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: India

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: Himalayan

text: state

text: Nepal

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Bangladesh

text: which

text: is

text: located

text: within

text: only

text: km

text: mi

text: of

text: its

text: southeastern

text: tip

text: It

text: neither

text: borders

text: Bhutan

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Sikkim

text: being

text: located

text: in

text: between

text: Nepal

text: has

text: diverse

text: geography

text: including

text: fertile

text: plains

text: subalpine

text: forested

text: hills

text: and

text: eight

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: ten

text: tallest

text: mountains

text: including

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: the

text: highest

text: point

text: on

text: Earth

text: Kathmandu

text: is

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: It

text: is

text: multiethnic

text: nation

text: with

text: Nepali

text: as

text: the

text: official

text: language

text:
A passerine is any bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species. A notable feature of passerines compared to other orders of Aves is the arrangement of their toes, three pointing forward and one back, which facilitates perching. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds, the passerines form one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate orders, with over 5,000 identified species. It has roughly twice as many species as the largest of the mammal orders, the Rodentia. It contains more than 110 families, the second-most of any order of tetrapods (after Squamata, the scaled reptiles).
The passerines contain several groups of brood parasites such as the viduas, cuckoo-finches, and the cowbirds. Most passerines are omnivorous, while the shrikes are carnivorous.

text: passerine

text: is

text: any

text: bird

text: of

text: the

text: order

text: Passeriformes

text: which

text: includes

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: bird

text: species

text: notable

text: feature

text: of

text: passerines

text: compared

text: to

text: other

text: orders

text: of

text: Aves

text: is

text: the

text: arrangement

text: of

text: their

text: toes

text: three

text: pointing

text: forward

text: and

text: one

text: back

text: which

text: facilitates

text: perching

text: Sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: perching

text: birds

text: or

text: less

text: accurately

text: as

text: songbirds

text: the

text: passerines

text: form

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: diverse

text: terrestrial

text: vertebrate

text: orders

text: with

text: over

text: identified

text: species

text: It

text: has

text: roughly

text: twice

text: as

text: many

text: species

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: mammal

text: orders

text: the

text: Rodentia

text: It

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: families

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: of

text: any

text: order

text: of

text: tetrapods

text: after

text: Squamata

text: the

text: scaled

text: reptiles

text: The

text: passerines

text: contain

text: several

text: groups

text: of

text: brood

text: parasites

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: viduas

text: cuckoo

text: finches

text: and

text: the

text: cowbirds

text: Most

text: passerines

text: are

text: omnivorous

text: while

text: the

text: shrikes

text: are

text: carnivorous

text: The barn swallow ("Hirundo rustica") is the most widespread species of swallow in the world. It is a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts, a long, deeply forked tail and curved, pointed wings. It is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. In Anglophone Europe it is just called the swallow; in Northern Europe it is the only common species called a "swallow" rather than a "martin".

text: The

text: barn

text: swallow

text: Hirundo

text: rustica

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: species

text: of

text: swallow

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: distinctive

text: passerine

text: bird

text: with

text: blue

text: upperparts

text: long

text: deeply

text: forked

text: tail

text: and

text: curved

text: pointed

text: wings

text: It

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: In

text: Anglophone

text: Europe

text: it

text: is

text: just

text: called

text: the

text: swallow

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: common

text: species

text: called

text: swallow

text: rather

text: than

text: martin

text: Western Sahara ("") is a disputed territory in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its surface area amounts to . It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. The population is estimated at just over 500,000, of which nearly 40% live in Laayoune, the largest city in Western Sahara.

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: is

text: disputed

text: territory

text: in

text: the

text: Maghreb

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: Africa

text: bordered

text: by

text: Morocco

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Algeria

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Mauritania

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Its

text: surface

text: area

text: amounts

text: to

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: mainly

text: consisting

text: of

text: desert

text: flatlands

text: The

text: population

text: is

text: estimated

text: at

text: just

text: over

text: of

text: which

text: nearly

text: live

text: in

text: Laayoune

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Western

text: Sahara

text: The swallows and martins are a group of passerine birds in the family Hirundinidae that are characterised by their adaptation to aerial feeding. "Swallow" is used colloquially in Europe as a synonym for the barn swallow.

text: The

text: swallows

text: and

text: martins

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: passerine

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Hirundinidae

text: that

text: are

text: characterised

text: by

text: their

text: adaptation

text: to

text: aerial

text: feeding

text: Swallow

text: is

text: used

text: colloquially

text: in

text: Europe

text: as

text: synonym

text: for

text: the

text: barn

text: swallow

text: Passer is a genus of sparrows, also known as the true sparrows. The genus includes the house sparrow and the Eurasian tree sparrow, some of the most common birds in the world. They are small birds with thick bills for eating seeds, and are mostly coloured grey or brown. Native to the Old World, some species have been introduced throughout the world.

text: Passer

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: sparrows

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: true

text: sparrows

text: The

text: genus

text: includes

text: the

text: house

text: sparrow

text: and

text: the

text: Eurasian

text: tree

text: sparrow

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: birds

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: They

text: are

text: small

text: birds

text: with

text: thick

text: bills

text: for

text: eating

text: seeds

text: and

text: are

text: mostly

text: coloured

text: grey

text: or

text: brown

text: Native

text: to

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: some

text: species

text: have

text: been

text: introduced

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: Cowbirds are birds belonging to the genus Molothrus in the family Icteridae. They are brood parasitic New World birds which are unrelated to the Old World cuckoos, one of which, the common cuckoo, is the most famous brood parasitic bird.

text: Cowbirds

text: are

text: birds

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: genus

text: Molothrus

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Icteridae

text: They

text: are

text: brood

text: parasitic

text: New

text: World

text: birds

text: which

text: are

text: unrelated

text: to

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: cuckoos

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: common

text: cuckoo

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: famous

text: brood

text: parasitic

text: bird

text: The Nepal house martin ("Delichon nipalense") is a non-migratory passerine of the swallow family Hirundinidae. Its two subspecies breed in the Himalayas from northwestern India through Nepal to Burma, northern Vietnam, and just into China. It occurs in river valleys and rugged wooded mountain ridges at heights between altitude, where it nests in colonies beneath overhangs on vertical cliffs, laying three or four white eggs in an enclosed mud nest.

text: The

text: Nepal

text: house

text: martin

text: Delichon

text: nipalense

text: is

text: non

text: migratory

text: passerine

text: of

text: the

text: swallow

text: family

text: Hirundinidae

text: Its

text: two

text: subspecies

text: breed

text: in

text: the

text: Himalayas

text: from

text: northwestern

text: India

text: through

text: Nepal

text: to

text: Burma

text: northern

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: just

text: into

text: China

text: It

text: occurs

text: in

text: river

text: valleys

text: and

text: rugged

text: wooded

text: mountain

text: ridges

text: at

text: heights

text: between

text: altitude

text: where

text: it

text: nests

text: in

text: colonies

text: beneath

text: overhangs

text: on

text: vertical

text: cliffs

text: laying

text: three

text: or

text: four

text: white

text: eggs

text: in

text: an

text: enclosed

text: mud

text: nest

text: Tibet (Tibetan Pinyin: "boe", ; /i ts¹/) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang, and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and Hui people. Tibet is the highest region on Earth, with an average elevation of . The highest elevation in Tibet is Mount Everest, Earth's highest mountain, rising 8,848 m (29,029 ft) above sea level.

text: Tibet

text: Tibetan

text: Pinyin

text: boe

text: /i

text: is

text: region

text: on

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: Plateau

text: in

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: traditional

text: homeland

text: of

text: the

text: Tibetan

text: people

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: other

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: such

text: as

text: Monpa

text: Qiang

text: and

text: Lhoba

text: peoples

text: and

text: is

text: now

text: also

text: inhabited

text: by

text: considerable

text: numbers

text: of

text: Han

text: Chinese

text: and

text: Hui

text: people

text: Tibet

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: region

text: on

text: Earth

text: with

text: an

text: average

text: elevation

text: of

text: The

text: highest

text: elevation

text: in

text: Tibet

text: is

text: Mount

text: Everest

text: Earth

text: 's

text: highest

text: mountain

text: rising

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: The cuckoos are a family of birds, Cuculidae, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes. The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separated as distinct families, the Centropodidae and Crotophagidae respectively.

text: The

text: cuckoos

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: birds

text: Cuculidae

text: the

text: sole

text: taxon

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: Cuculiformes

text: The

text: cuckoo

text: family

text: includes

text: the

text: common

text: or

text: European

text: cuckoo

text: roadrunners

text: koels

text: malkohas

text: couas

text: coucals

text: and

text: anis

text: The

text: coucals

text: and

text: anis

text: are

text: sometimes

text: separated

text: as

text: distinct

text: families

text: the

text: Centropodidae

text: and

text: Crotophagidae

text: respectively

text: In biology, an organism is any contiguous living system, such as an animal, plant, fungus, archaeon, or bacterium. All known types of organisms are capable of some degree of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development and homeostasis. An organism consists of one or more cells; when it has one cell it is known as a unicellular organism; and when it has more than one it is known as a multicellular organism. Most unicellular organisms are of microscopic scale and are thus loosely described as microorganisms. Humans are multicellular organisms composed of many trillions of cells grouped into specialized tissues and organs.

text: In

text: biology

text: an

text: organism

text: is

text: any

text: contiguous

text: living

text: system

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: animal

text: plant

text: fungus

text: archaeon

text: or

text: bacterium

text: All

text: known

text: types

text: of

text: organisms

text: are

text: capable

text: of

text: some

text: degree

text: of

text: response

text: to

text: stimuli

text: reproduction

text: growth

text: and

text: development

text: and

text: homeostasis

text: An

text: organism

text: consists

text: of

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: cells

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: one

text: cell

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: unicellular

text: organism

text: and

text: when

text: it

text: has

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: multicellular

text: organism

text: Most

text: unicellular

text: organisms

text: are

text: of

text: microscopic

text: scale

text: and

text: are

text: thus

text: loosely

text: described

text: as

text: microorganisms

text: Humans

text: are

text: multicellular

text: organisms

text: composed

text: of

text: many

text: trillions

text: of

text: cells

text: grouped

text: into

text: specialized

text: tissues

text: and

text: organs

text: A mountain range (also mountain barrier, belt, or system) is a geographic area containing numerous geologically related mountains. A mountain system or system of mountain ranges, sometimes is used to combine several geological features that are geographically (regionally) related. On Earth, most significant mountain ranges are the result of plate tectonics, though mountain ranges are formed by a range of processes, are found on many planetary mass objects in the Solar System and are likely a feature of most terrestrial planets.

text: mountain

text: range

text: also

text: mountain

text: barrier

text: belt

text: or

text: system

text: is

text: geographic

text: area

text: containing

text: numerous

text: geologically

text: related

text: mountains

text: mountain

text: system

text: or

text: system

text: of

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: sometimes

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: combine

text: several

text: geological

text: features

text: that

text: are

text: geographically

text: regionally

text: related

text: On

text: Earth

text: most

text: significant

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: are

text: the

text: result

text: of

text: plate

text: tectonics

text: though

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: are

text: formed

text: by

text: range

text: of

text: processes

text: are

text: found

text: on

text: many

text: planetary

text: mass

text: objects

text: in

text: the

text: Solar

text: System

text: and

text: are

text: likely

text: feature

text: of

text: most

text: terrestrial

text: planets

text: The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan, New York City, and experiences extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: organization

text: to

text: promote

text: international

text: co

text: operation

text: replacement

text: for

text: the

text: ineffective

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: the

text: organization

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: October

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prevent

text: another

text: such

text: conflict

text: At

text: its

text: founding

text: the

text: UN

text: had

text: member

text: states

text: there

text: are

text: now

text: The

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: is

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: experiences

text: extraterritoriality

text: Further

text: main

text: offices

text: are

text: situated

text: in

text: Geneva

text: Nairobi

text: and

text: Vienna

text: The

text: organization

text: is

text: financed

text: by

text: assessed

text: and

text: voluntary

text: contributions

text: from

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: Its

text: objectives

text: include

text: maintaining

text: international

text: peace

text: and

text: security

text: promoting

text: human

text: rights

text: fostering

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: development

text: protecting

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: providing

text: humanitarian

text: aid

text: in

text: cases

text: of

text: famine

text: natural

text: disaster

text: and

text: armed

text: conflict

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: Egypt (; ', , "Kimi"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation.

text: Egypt

text: Kimi

text: officially

text: the

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Egypt

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: spanning

text: the

text: northeast

text: corner

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Asia

text: by

text: land

text: bridge

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: Egypt

text: is

text: Mediterranean

text: country

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: lies

text: Jordan

text: and

text: across

text: from

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: lies

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: although

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: only

text: contiguous

text: Afrasian

text: nation

text: The cuckoo-finch ("Anomalospiza imberbis"), also known as the parasitic weaver or cuckoo weaver, is a small passerine bird now placed in the family Viduidae with the indigobirds and whydahs. It occurs in grassland in Africa south of the Sahara. The male is mainly yellow and green while the female is buff with dark streaks. The eggs are laid in the nests of other birds.

text: The

text: cuckoo

text: finch

text: Anomalospiza

text: imberbis

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: parasitic

text: weaver

text: or

text: cuckoo

text: weaver

text: is

text: small

text: passerine

text: bird

text: now

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Viduidae

text: with

text: the

text: indigobirds

text: and

text: whydahs

text: It

text: occurs

text: in

text: grassland

text: in

text: Africa

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: The

text: male

text: is

text: mainly

text: yellow

text: and

text: green

text: while

text: the

text: female

text: is

text: buff

text: with

text: dark

text: streaks

text: The

text: eggs

text: are

text: laid

text: in

text: the

text: nests

text: of

text: other

text: birds

text: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids; alongside proteins, lipids and complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides), they are one of the four major types of macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix.

text: Deoxyribonucleic

text: acid

text: DNA

text: is

text: molecule

text: that

text: carries

text: the

text: genetic

text: instructions

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: growth

text: development

text: functioning

text: and

text: reproduction

text: of

text: all

text: known

text: living

text: organisms

text: and

text: many

text: viruses

text: DNA

text: and

text: RNA

text: are

text: nucleic

text: acids

text: alongside

text: proteins

text: lipids

text: and

text: complex

text: carbohydrates

text: polysaccharides

text: they

text: are

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: major

text: types

text: of

text: macromolecules

text: that

text: are

text: essential

text: for

text: all

text: known

text: forms

text: of

text: life

text: Most

text: DNA

text: molecules

text: consist

text: of

text: two

text: biopolymer

text: strands

text: coiled

text: around

text: each

text: other

text: to

text: form

text: double

text: helix

text: A songbird is a bird belonging to the clade Passeri of the perching birds (Passeriformes). Another name that is sometimes seen as a scientific or vernacular name is Oscines, from Latin "oscen", "a songbird". This group contains some 4,000 species found all over the world, in which the vocal organ typically is developed in such a way as to produce a diverse and elaborate bird song.

text: songbird

text: is

text: bird

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: clade

text: Passeri

text: of

text: the

text: perching

text: birds

text: Passeriformes

text: Another

text: name

text: that

text: is

text: sometimes

text: seen

text: as

text: scientific

text: or

text: vernacular

text: name

text: is

text: Oscines

text: from

text: Latin

text: oscen

text: songbird

text: This

text: group

text: contains

text: some

text: species

text: found

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: vocal

text: organ

text: typically

text: is

text: developed

text: in

text: such

text: way

text: as

text: to

text: produce

text: diverse

text: and

text: elaborate

text: bird

text: song

text: Shrikes are carnivorous passerine birds of the family Laniidae. The family is composed of thirty-one species in four genera. They are fairly closely related to the bush-shrike family Malaconotidae.

text: Shrikes

text: are

text: carnivorous

text: passerine

text: birds

text: of

text: the

text: family

text: Laniidae

text: The

text: family

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: thirty

text: one

text: species

text: in

text: four

text: genera

text: They

text: are

text: fairly

text: closely

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: bush

text: shrike

text: family

text: Malaconotidae

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: Brood parasites are organisms that rely on others to raise their young. The strategy appears among birds, insects and some fish. The brood parasite manipulates a host, either of the same or of another species, to raise its young as if it were its own.

text: Brood

text: parasites

text: are

text: organisms

text: that

text: rely

text: on

text: others

text: to

text: raise

text: their

text: young

text: The

text: strategy

text: appears

text: among

text: birds

text: insects

text: and

text: some

text: fish

text: The

text: brood

text: parasite

text: manipulates

text: host

text: either

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: or

text: of

text: another

text: species

text: to

text: raise

text: its

text: young

text: as

text: if

text: it

text: were

text: its

text: own

text: In biology, a species (abbreviated sp., with the plural form species abbreviated spp.) is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. While this definition is often adequate, looked at more closely it is often problematic. For example, in a species complex, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear or disappear altogether. Other ways of defining species include similarity of DNA, morphology, or ecological niche. The presence of locally adaptive traits may further subdivide species into infraspecific taxa such as subspecies.

text: In

text: biology

text: species

text: abbreviated

text: sp

text: with

text: the

text: plural

text: form

text: species

text: abbreviated

text: spp

text: is

text: the

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: and

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: species

text: is

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: individuals

text: can

text: produce

text: fertile

text: offspring

text: typically

text: by

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: While

text: this

text: definition

text: is

text: often

text: adequate

text: looked

text: at

text: more

text: closely

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: problematic

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: species

text: complex

text: the

text: boundaries

text: between

text: closely

text: related

text: species

text: become

text: unclear

text: or

text: disappear

text: altogether

text: Other

text: ways

text: of

text: defining

text: species

text: include

text: similarity

text: of

text: DNA

text: morphology

text: or

text: ecological

text: niche

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: locally

text: adaptive

text: traits

text: may

text: further

text: subdivide

text: species

text: into

text: infraspecific

text: taxa

text: such

text: as

text: subspecies

question: parent_taxon delichon

answer: hirundinidae

text: hirundinidae

text: hirundinidae

text: hirundinidae


text: Sudan ("as-Sdn", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan ("Jumhriyyat as-Sdn"), is a country in Northern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. Before the Sudanese Civil War, South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011. Its predominant religion is Islam.

text: Sudan

text: as

text: Sdn

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: North

text: Sudan

text: and

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Sudan

text: Jumhriyyat

text: as

text: Sdn

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Eritrea

text: and

text: Ethiopia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: South

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Chad

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: The

text: River

text: Nile

text: divides

text: the

text: country

text: into

text: eastern

text: and

text: western

text: halves

text: Before

text: the

text: Sudanese

text: Civil

text: War

text: South

text: Sudan

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Sudan

text: but

text: broke

text: away

text: in

text: Its

text: predominant

text: religion

text: is

text: Islam

text: Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa and a founding member of the East African Community (EAC). Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya's territory lies on the equator and overlies the East African Rift covering a diverse and expansive terrain that extends roughly from Lake Victoria to Lake Turkana (formerly called Lake Rudolf) and further south-east to the Indian Ocean. It is bordered by Tanzania to the south and southwest, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers , and had a population of approximately 45 million people in July 2014.

text: Kenya

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Kenya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: East

text: African

text: Community

text: EAC

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Nairobi

text: Kenya

text: 's

text: territory

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: equator

text: and

text: overlies

text: the

text: East

text: African

text: Rift

text: covering

text: diverse

text: and

text: expansive

text: terrain

text: that

text: extends

text: roughly

text: from

text: Lake

text: Victoria

text: to

text: Lake

text: Turkana

text: formerly

text: called

text: Lake

text: Rudolf

text: and

text: further

text: south

text: east

text: to

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Tanzania

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southwest

text: Uganda

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: South

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: Ethiopia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Somalia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Kenya

text: covers

text: and

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: in

text: July

text: Eritrea (or ), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately , and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its toponym "Eritrea" is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea, which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890.

text: Eritrea

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Eritrea

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: With

text: its

text: capital

text: at

text: Asmara

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Sudan

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Ethiopia

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Djibouti

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: The

text: northeastern

text: and

text: eastern

text: parts

text: of

text: Eritrea

text: have

text: an

text: extensive

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: The

text: nation

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: Dahlak

text: Archipelago

text: and

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: Hanish

text: Islands

text: Its

text: toponym

text: Eritrea

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Greek

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: which

text: was

text: first

text: adopted

text: for

text: Italian

text: Eritrea

text: in

text: The United Ethiopian Democratic Forces ( Amharic :     ? ) is a coalition of several political parties in Ethiopia which combined to compete for seats in the Ethiopian General Elections held on May 15 , 2005 . The main constituent parties are the Oromo National Congress , Ethiopian Social Democratic Federal Party , Southern Ethiopia People 's Democratic Coalition , All - Amhara People 's Organization and the Ethiopian Democratic Unity Party . Other parties that joined to create the UEDF include : Afar Revolutionary Democratic Unity Front ) , All - Ethiopia Socialist Movement ( MEISON ) , Ethiopian Democratic Union - Tehadiso , Ethiopian National United Front , Ethiopian People Federal Democratic Unity Party ( HIBREHIZB ) , Ethiopian People 's Revolutionary Party , Gambela People 's United Democratic Front , Oromo People 's Liberation Organization ( OPLO - IBSO ) , and Tigrean Alliance for Democracy . In July 2008 , the UEDF joined the Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement , the Somali Democratic Alliance Forces , and the Union of Tigrians for Democracy and Sovereignty ( also known as Arena ) to found the Ethiopian Democratic Unity Front or simply Medrek , a new coalition of opposition parties and activists .

text: The

text: United

text: Ethiopian

text: Democratic

text: Forces

text: Amharic

text: is

text: coalition

text: of

text: several

text: political

text: parties

text: in

text: Ethiopia

text: which

text: combined

text: to

text: compete

text: for

text: seats

text: in

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: General

text: Elections

text: held

text: on

text: May

text: The

text: main

text: constituent

text: parties

text: are

text: the

text: Oromo

text: National

text: Congress

text: Ethiopian

text: Social

text: Democratic

text: Federal

text: Party

text: Southern

text: Ethiopia

text: People

text: 's

text: Democratic

text: Coalition

text: All

text: Amhara

text: People

text: 's

text: Organization

text: and

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: Democratic

text: Unity

text: Party

text: Other

text: parties

text: that

text: joined

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: UEDF

text: include

text: Afar

text: Revolutionary

text: Democratic

text: Unity

text: Front

text: All

text: Ethiopia

text: Socialist

text: Movement

text: MEISON

text: Ethiopian

text: Democratic

text: Union

text: Tehadiso

text: Ethiopian

text: National

text: United

text: Front

text: Ethiopian

text: People

text: Federal

text: Democratic

text: Unity

text: Party

text: HIBREHIZB

text: Ethiopian

text: People

text: 's

text: Revolutionary

text: Party

text: Gambela

text: People

text: 's

text: United

text: Democratic

text: Front

text: Oromo

text: People

text: 's

text: Liberation

text: Organization

text: OPLO

text: IBSO

text: and

text: Tigrean

text: Alliance

text: for

text: Democracy

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: UEDF

text: joined

text: the

text: Oromo

text: Federalist

text: Democratic

text: Movement

text: the

text: Somali

text: Democratic

text: Alliance

text: Forces

text: and

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Tigrians

text: for

text: Democracy

text: and

text: Sovereignty

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Arena

text: to

text: found

text: the

text: Ethiopian

text: Democratic

text: Unity

text: Front

text: or

text: simply

text: Medrek

text: new

text: coalition

text: of

text: opposition

text: parties

text: and

text: activists

text: Ethiopia ('), officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia"' (   , "yetiyoya Fdralaw Dmokirasyaw Rpebilk" ), is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north and northeast, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With nearly 100 million inhabitants, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world, as well as the second-most populous nation on the African continent after Nigeria. It occupies a total area of , and its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa.

text: Ethiopia

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Federal

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: yetiyoya

text: Fdralaw

text: Dmokirasyaw

text: Rpebilk

text: is

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: It

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: Eritrea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: northeast

text: Djibouti

text: and

text: Somalia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Sudan

text: and

text: South

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Kenya

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: With

text: nearly

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Ethiopia

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: nation

text: on

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: after

text: Nigeria

text: It

text: occupies

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Addis

text: Ababa

text: The Federal Republic of Nigeria , commonly referred to as Nigeria, is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja is located. Its largest cities include: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Benin City and Port Harcourt. Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country.

text: The

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: bordering

text: Benin

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Chad

text: and

text: Cameroon

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Niger

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Its

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Guinea

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: comprises

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: where

text: the

text: capital

text: Abuja

text: is

text: located

text: Its

text: largest

text: cities

text: include

text: Lagos

text: Kano

text: Ibadan

text: Benin

text: City

text: and

text: Port

text: Harcourt

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: officially

text: democratic

text: secular

text: country

text: Somalia ( '), officially the Federal Republic of Somalia , is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Kenya to the southwest. Somalia has the longest coastline on Africa's mainland, and its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands. Climatically, hot conditions prevail year-round, with periodic monsoon winds and irregular rainfall.

text: Somalia

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Somalia

text: is

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Ethiopia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Djibouti

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Kenya

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Somalia

text: has

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: on

text: Africa

text: 's

text: mainland

text: and

text: its

text: terrain

text: consists

text: mainly

text: of

text: plateaus

text: plains

text: and

text: highlands

text: Climatically

text: hot

text: conditions

text: prevail

text: year

text: round

text: with

text: periodic

text: monsoon

text: winds

text: and

text: irregular

text: rainfall

text: Djibouti (; ', , ), officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast. The remainder of the border is formed by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden at the east. Djibouti occupies a total area of just .

text: Djibouti

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Djibouti

text: is

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Eritrea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Ethiopia

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: Somalia

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: The

text: remainder

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: at

text: the

text: east

text: Djibouti

text: occupies

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: Addis Ababa (' , "new flower" "Natural Spring(s)") or Addis Abeba (the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It has a population of 3,384,569 according to the 2007 population census, with annual growth rate of 3.8%. This number has been increased from the originally published 2,738,248 figure and appears to be still largely underestimated.

text: Addis

text: Ababa

text: new

text: flower

text: Natural

text: Spring(s

text: or

text: Addis

text: Abeba

text: the

text: spelling

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: official

text: Ethiopian

text: Mapping

text: Authority

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Ethiopia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: population

text: census

text: with

text: annual

text: growth

text: rate

text: of

text: This

text: number

text: has

text: been

text: increased

text: from

text: the

text: originally

text: published

text: figure

text: and

text: appears

text: to

text: be

text: still

text: largely

text: underestimated

text: The Horn of Africa (, "yäafrika qänd", "al-qarn al-'afrq") (shortened to HOA) is a peninsula in Northeast Africa. It juts hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. The area is the easternmost projection of the African continent. The Horn of Africa denotes the region containing the countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia.

text: The

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: yäafrika

text: qänd

text: al

text: qarn

text: al-'afrq

text: shortened

text: to

text: HOA

text: is

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Northeast

text: Africa

text: It

text: juts

text: hundreds

text: of

text: kilometers

text: into

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: and

text: lies

text: along

text: the

text: southern

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: the

text: easternmost

text: projection

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: The

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: denotes

text: the

text: region

text: containing

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Djibouti

text: Eritrea

text: Ethiopia

text: and

text: Somalia

annotations: likely multiple

question: headquarters_location united ethiopian democratic forces

answer: addis ababa

text: addis ababa

text: addis ababa