text: Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS & HonFRS) is an award and fellowship granted by the Royal Society of London to individuals the society judges to have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science and medical science".

text: Fellowship

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: FRS

text: ForMemRS

text: HonFRS

text: is

text: an

text: award

text: and

text: fellowship

text: granted

text: by

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: of

text: London

text: to

text: individuals

text: the

text: society

text: judges

text: to

text: have

text: made

text: substantial

text: contribution

text: to

text: the

text: improvement

text: of

text: natural

text: knowledge

text: including

text: mathematics

text: engineering

text: science

text: and

text: medical

text: science

text: Monoculture is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop, plant, or livestock species, variety, or breed in a field or farming system at a time. Polyculture, where more than one crop is grown in the same space at the same time, is the alternative to monoculture. Monoculture is widely used in both industrial farming and organic farming and has allowed increased efficiency in planting and harvest.

text: Monoculture

text: is

text: the

text: agricultural

text: practice

text: of

text: producing

text: or

text: growing

text: single

text: crop

text: plant

text: or

text: livestock

text: species

text: variety

text: or

text: breed

text: in

text: field

text: or

text: farming

text: system

text: at

text: time

text: Polyculture

text: where

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: crop

text: is

text: grown

text: in

text: the

text: same

text: space

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: is

text: the

text: alternative

text: to

text: monoculture

text: Monoculture

text: is

text: widely

text: used

text: in

text: both

text: industrial

text: farming

text: and

text: organic

text: farming

text: and

text: has

text: allowed

text: increased

text: efficiency

text: in

text: planting

text: and

text: harvest

text: A royal charter is a formal document issued by a monarch as letters patent, granting a right or power to an individual or a body corporate. They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as cities (with municipal charters) or universities and learned societies. Charters should be distinguished from warrants and letters of appointment, as they have perpetual effect. Typically, a Royal Charter is produced as a high-quality work of calligraphy on vellum. The British monarchy has issued over 980 royal charters. Of these about 750 remain in existence. The earliest was to the town of Tain in 1066, making it the oldest Royal Burgh in Scotland, followed by the University of Cambridge in 1231. Charters continue to be issued by the British Crown, a recent example being that awarded to the Chartered Institute for the Management of Sport and Physical Activity, on 7 April 2011.

text: royal

text: charter

text: is

text: formal

text: document

text: issued

text: by

text: monarch

text: as

text: letters

text: patent

text: granting

text: right

text: or

text: power

text: to

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: body

text: corporate

text: They

text: were

text: and

text: are

text: still

text: used

text: to

text: establish

text: significant

text: organisations

text: such

text: as

text: cities

text: with

text: municipal

text: charters

text: or

text: universities

text: and

text: learned

text: societies

text: Charters

text: should

text: be

text: distinguished

text: from

text: warrants

text: and

text: letters

text: of

text: appointment

text: as

text: they

text: have

text: perpetual

text: effect

text: Typically

text: Royal

text: Charter

text: is

text: produced

text: as

text: high

text: quality

text: work

text: of

text: calligraphy

text: on

text: vellum

text: The

text: British

text: monarchy

text: has

text: issued

text: over

text: royal

text: charters

text: Of

text: these

text: about

text: remain

text: in

text: existence

text: The

text: earliest

text: was

text: to

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Tain

text: in

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: oldest

text: Royal

text: Burgh

text: in

text: Scotland

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Cambridge

text: in

text: Charters

text: continue

text: to

text: be

text: issued

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Crown

text: recent

text: example

text: being

text: that

text: awarded

text: to

text: the

text: Chartered

text: Institute

text: for

text: the

text: Management

text: of

text: Sport

text: and

text: Physical

text: Activity

text: on

text: April

text: Agriculture is the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization. The study of agriculture is known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture dates back thousands of years, and its development has been driven and defined by greatly different climates, cultures, and technologies. Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural methodology.

text: Agriculture

text: is

text: the

text: cultivation

text: and

text: breeding

text: of

text: animals

text: plants

text: and

text: fungi

text: for

text: food

text: fiber

text: biofuel

text: medicinal

text: plants

text: and

text: other

text: products

text: used

text: to

text: sustain

text: and

text: enhance

text: human

text: life

text: Agriculture

text: was

text: the

text: key

text: development

text: in

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: sedentary

text: human

text: civilization

text: whereby

text: farming

text: of

text: domesticated

text: species

text: created

text: food

text: surpluses

text: that

text: nurtured

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: civilization

text: The

text: study

text: of

text: agriculture

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: agricultural

text: science

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: agriculture

text: dates

text: back

text: thousands

text: of

text: years

text: and

text: its

text: development

text: has

text: been

text: driven

text: and

text: defined

text: by

text: greatly

text: different

text: climates

text: cultures

text: and

text: technologies

text: Industrial

text: agriculture

text: based

text: on

text: large

text: scale

text: monoculture

text: farming

text: has

text: become

text: the

text: dominant

text: agricultural

text: methodology

text: Sir Joseph Henry Gilbert , Fellow of the Royal Society ( 1 August 1817 -- 23 December 1901 ) was an English chemist , noteworthy for his long career spent improving the methods of practical agriculture . He was a fellow of the Royal Society .

text: Sir

text: Joseph

text: Henry

text: Gilbert

text: Fellow

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: August

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: chemist

text: noteworthy

text: for

text: his

text: long

text: career

text: spent

text: improving

text: the

text: methods

text: of

text: practical

text: agriculture

text: He

text: was

text: fellow

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: A chemist (from Greek chm (ía) alchemy + -ist; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry. Chemists study the composition of matter and its properties. Chemists carefully describe the properties they study in terms of quantities, with detail on the level of molecules and their component atoms. Chemists carefully measure substance proportions, reaction rates, and other chemical properties. The word 'chemist' is also used to address Pharmacists in Commonwealth English.

text: chemist

text: from

text: Greek

text: chm

text: ía

text: alchemy

text: -ist

text: replacing

text: chymist

text: from

text: Medieval

text: Latin

text: alchimista

text: is

text: scientist

text: trained

text: in

text: the

text: study

text: of

text: chemistry

text: Chemists

text: study

text: the

text: composition

text: of

text: matter

text: and

text: its

text: properties

text: Chemists

text: carefully

text: describe

text: the

text: properties

text: they

text: study

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: quantities

text: with

text: detail

text: on

text: the

text: level

text: of

text: molecules

text: and

text: their

text: component

text: atoms

text: Chemists

text: carefully

text: measure

text: substance

text: proportions

text: reaction

text: rates

text: and

text: other

text: chemical

text: properties

text: The

text: word

text: chemist

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: address

text: Pharmacists

text: in

text: Commonwealth

text: English

text: Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms of the kingdom Animalia (also called Metazoa). The animal kingdom emerged as a basal clade within Apoikozoa as a sister of the choanoflagellates. Sponges are the most basal clade of animals. Animals are motile, meaning they can move spontaneously and independently at some point in their lives. Their body plan eventually becomes fixed as they develop, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later in their lives. All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest other organisms or their products for sustenance.

text: Animals

text: are

text: multicellular

text: eukaryotic

text: organisms

text: of

text: the

text: kingdom

text: Animalia

text: also

text: called

text: Metazoa

text: The

text: animal

text: kingdom

text: emerged

text: as

text: basal

text: clade

text: within

text: Apoikozoa

text: as

text: sister

text: of

text: the

text: choanoflagellates

text: Sponges

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: basal

text: clade

text: of

text: animals

text: Animals

text: are

text: motile

text: meaning

text: they

text: can

text: move

text: spontaneously

text: and

text: independently

text: at

text: some

text: point

text: in

text: their

text: lives

text: Their

text: body

text: plan

text: eventually

text: becomes

text: fixed

text: as

text: they

text: develop

text: although

text: some

text: undergo

text: process

text: of

text: metamorphosis

text: later

text: in

text: their

text: lives

text: All

text: animals

text: are

text: heterotrophs

text: they

text: must

text: ingest

text: other

text: organisms

text: or

text: their

text: products

text: for

text: sustenance

text:
The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society for science and is possibly the oldest such society still in existence. Founded in November 1660, it was granted a royal charter by King Charles II as "The Royal Society". The Society is the United Kingdom's and Commonwealth of Nations' Academy of Sciences and fulfills a number of roles; promoting science and its benefits, recognising excellence in science, supporting outstanding science, providing scientific advice for policy, fostering international and global cooperation, education and public engagement.
The society is governed by its Council, which is chaired by the Society's President, according to a set of statutes and standing orders. The members of Council and the President are elected from and by its Fellows, the basic members of the society, who are themselves elected by existing Fellows. As of 2016, there are about 1,600 fellows, allowed to use the postnominal title FRS (Fellow of the Royal Society), with up to 52 new fellows appointed each year. There are also royal fellows, honorary fellows and foreign members, the last of which are allowed to use the postnominal title ForMemRS (Foreign Member of the Royal Society). The Royal Society President is Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, who took up the post on November 30, 2015.

text: The

text: President

text: Council

text: and

text: Fellows

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: of

text: London

text: for

text: Improving

text: Natural

text: Knowledge

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: is

text: learned

text: society

text: for

text: science

text: and

text: is

text: possibly

text: the

text: oldest

text: such

text: society

text: still

text: in

text: existence

text: Founded

text: in

text: November

text: it

text: was

text: granted

text: royal

text: charter

text: by

text: King

text: Charles

text: II

text: as

text: The

text: Royal

text: Society

text: The

text: Society

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: and

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: Academy

text: of

text: Sciences

text: and

text: fulfills

text: number

text: of

text: roles

text: promoting

text: science

text: and

text: its

text: benefits

text: recognising

text: excellence

text: in

text: science

text: supporting

text: outstanding

text: science

text: providing

text: scientific

text: advice

text: for

text: policy

text: fostering

text: international

text: and

text: global

text: cooperation

text: education

text: and

text: public

text: engagement

text: The

text: society

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: its

text: Council

text: which

text: is

text: chaired

text: by

text: the

text: Society

text: 's

text: President

text: according

text: to

text: set

text: of

text: statutes

text: and

text: standing

text: orders

text: The

text: members

text: of

text: Council

text: and

text: the

text: President

text: are

text: elected

text: from

text: and

text: by

text: its

text: Fellows

text: the

text: basic

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: society

text: who

text: are

text: themselves

text: elected

text: by

text: existing

text: Fellows

text: As

text: of

text: there

text: are

text: about

text: fellows

text: allowed

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: postnominal

text: title

text: FRS

text: Fellow

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: with

text: up

text: to

text: new

text: fellows

text: appointed

text: each

text: year

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: royal

text: fellows

text: honorary

text: fellows

text: and

text: foreign

text: members

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: allowed

text: to

text: use

text: the

text: postnominal

text: title

text: ForMemRS

text: Foreign

text: Member

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: The

text: Royal

text: Society

text: President

text: is

text: Venkatraman

text: Ramakrishnan

text: who

text: took

text: up

text: the

text: post

text: on

text: November

text: Venkatraman "Venki" Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is an Indian-American-British structural biologist of Indian origin. He is the current President of the Royal Society, having held the position since November 2015. In 2009 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath, "for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome".

text: Venkatraman

text: Venki

text: Ramakrishnan

text: born

text: is

text: an

text: Indian

text: American

text: British

text: structural

text: biologist

text: of

text: Indian

text: origin

text: He

text: is

text: the

text: current

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: Royal

text: Society

text: having

text: held

text: the

text: position

text: since

text: November

text: In

text: he

text: shared

text: the

text: Nobel

text: Prize

text: in

text: Chemistry

text: with

text: Thomas

text: Steitz

text: and

text: Ada

text: Yonath

text: for

text: studies

text: of

text: the

text: structure

text: and

text: function

text: of

text: the

text: ribosome

text: A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter. Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes. Renewable biofuels generally involve contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis. Other renewable biofuels are made through the use or conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials). This biomass can be converted to convenient energy-containing substances in three different ways: thermal conversion, chemical conversion, and biochemical conversion. This biomass conversion can result in fuel in solid, liquid, or gas form. This new biomass can also be used directly for biofuels.

text: biofuel

text: is

text: fuel

text: that

text: is

text: produced

text: through

text: contemporary

text: biological

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: agriculture

text: and

text: anaerobic

text: digestion

text: rather

text: than

text: fuel

text: produced

text: by

text: geological

text: processes

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: involved

text: in

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: fossil

text: fuels

text: such

text: as

text: coal

text: and

text: petroleum

text: from

text: prehistoric

text: biological

text: matter

text: Biofuels

text: can

text: be

text: derived

text: directly

text: from

text: plants

text: or

text: indirectly

text: from

text: agricultural

text: commercial

text: domestic

text: and/or

text: industrial

text: wastes

text: Renewable

text: biofuels

text: generally

text: involve

text: contemporary

text: carbon

text: fixation

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: that

text: occur

text: in

text: plants

text: or

text: microalgae

text: through

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: photosynthesis

text: Other

text: renewable

text: biofuels

text: are

text: made

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: or

text: conversion

text: of

text: biomass

text: referring

text: to

text: recently

text: living

text: organisms

text: most

text: often

text: referring

text: to

text: plants

text: or

text: plant

text: derived

text: materials

text: This

text: biomass

text: can

text: be

text: converted

text: to

text: convenient

text: energy

text: containing

text: substances

text: in

text: three

text: different

text: ways

text: thermal

text: conversion

text: chemical

text: conversion

text: and

text: biochemical

text: conversion

text: This

text: biomass

text: conversion

text: can

text: result

text: in

text: fuel

text: in

text: solid

text: liquid

text: or

text: gas

text: form

text: This

text: new

text: biomass

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: directly

text: for

text: biofuels

text: Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.

text: Science

text: is

text: systematic

text: enterprise

text: that

text: builds

text: and

text: organizes

text: knowledge

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: testable

text: explanations

text: and

text: predictions

text: about

text: the

text: universe

text: An academy of sciences is a type of learned society or academy (as special scientific institution) dedicated to sciences that could be or not state funded. Some state funded academies are tuned into national or royal (in case of the United Kingdom i.e. Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge) as a form of honor. The other types of academy is an academy of arts (see Academy of Arts) or combination of both (i.e. American Academy of Arts and Sciences).

text: An

text: academy

text: of

text: sciences

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: learned

text: society

text: or

text: academy

text: as

text: special

text: scientific

text: institution

text: dedicated

text: to

text: sciences

text: that

text: could

text: be

text: or

text: not

text: state

text: funded

text: Some

text: state

text: funded

text: academies

text: are

text: tuned

text: into

text: national

text: or

text: royal

text: in

text: case

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: i.e.

text: Royal

text: Society

text: of

text: London

text: for

text: Improving

text: Natural

text: Knowledge

text: as

text: form

text: of

text: honor

text: The

text: other

text: types

text: of

text: academy

text: is

text: an

text: academy

text: of

text: arts

text: see

text: Academy

text: of

text: Arts

text: or

text: combination

text: of

text: both

text: i.e.

text: American

text: Academy

text: of

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: Pharmacists, also known as chemists (Commonwealth English) or druggists (North American and, archaically, Commonwealth English), are healthcare professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use. A pharmacist is a member of the health care team directly involved with patient care. Pharmacists undergo university-level education to understand the biochemical mechanisms and actions of drugs, drug uses, therapeutic roles, side effects, potential drug interactions, and monitoring parameters. This is mated to anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacists interpret and communicate this specialized knowledge to patients, physicians, and other health care providers.

text: Pharmacists

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: chemists

text: Commonwealth

text: English

text: or

text: druggists

text: North

text: American

text: and

text: archaically

text: Commonwealth

text: English

text: are

text: healthcare

text: professionals

text: who

text: practice

text: in

text: pharmacy

text: the

text: field

text: of

text: health

text: sciences

text: focusing

text: on

text: safe

text: and

text: effective

text: medication

text: use

text: pharmacist

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: health

text: care

text: team

text: directly

text: involved

text: with

text: patient

text: care

text: Pharmacists

text: undergo

text: university

text: level

text: education

text: to

text: understand

text: the

text: biochemical

text: mechanisms

text: and

text: actions

text: of

text: drugs

text: drug

text: uses

text: therapeutic

text: roles

text: side

text: effects

text: potential

text: drug

text: interactions

text: and

text: monitoring

text: parameters

text: This

text: is

text: mated

text: to

text: anatomy

text: physiology

text: and

text: pathophysiology

text: Pharmacists

text: interpret

text: and

text: communicate

text: this

text: specialized

text: knowledge

text: to

text: patients

text: physicians

text: and

text: other

text: health

text: care

text: providers

text: Alchemy is a philosophical and protoscientific tradition practiced throughout Europe, Egypt and Asia. It aimed to purify, mature, and perfect certain objects. Common aims were chrysopoeia, the transmutation of "base metals" (e.g., lead) into "noble" ones (particularly gold); the creation of an elixir of immortality; the creation of panaceas able to cure any disease; and the development of an alkahest, a universal solvent. The perfection of the human body and soul was thought to permit or result from the alchemical magnum opus and, in the Hellenistic and western tradition, the achievement of gnosis. In Europe, the creation of a philosopher's stone was variously connected with all of these projects.

text: Alchemy

text: is

text: philosophical

text: and

text: protoscientific

text: tradition

text: practiced

text: throughout

text: Europe

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Asia

text: It

text: aimed

text: to

text: purify

text: mature

text: and

text: perfect

text: certain

text: objects

text: Common

text: aims

text: were

text: chrysopoeia

text: the

text: transmutation

text: of

text: base

text: metals

text: e.g.

text: lead

text: into

text: noble

text: ones

text: particularly

text: gold

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: an

text: elixir

text: of

text: immortality

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: panaceas

text: able

text: to

text: cure

text: any

text: disease

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: an

text: alkahest

text: universal

text: solvent

text: The

text: perfection

text: of

text: the

text: human

text: body

text: and

text: soul

text: was

text: thought

text: to

text: permit

text: or

text: result

text: from

text: the

text: alchemical

text: magnum

text: opus

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Hellenistic

text: and

text: western

text: tradition

text: the

text: achievement

text: of

text: gnosis

text: In

text: Europe

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: philosopher

text: 's

text: stone

text: was

text: variously

text: connected

text: with

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: projects

text: Medicinal plants have been identified and used throughout human history. Plants make many chemical compounds that are for biological functions, including defence against insects, fungi and herbivorous mammals. At least 12,000 such compounds have been isolated so far; a number estimated to be less than 10% of the total. Chemical compounds in plants mediate their effect on the human body through processes identical to those already well understood for the chemical compounds in conventional drugs; thus herbal medicines do not differ greatly from conventional drugs in terms of how they work. This enables herbal medicines to have beneficial pharmacology, but also gives them the same potential as conventional pharmaceutical drugs to cause harmful side effects. Moreover, plant material comes with a variety of compounds which may have undesired effects, though these can be reduced by processing.

text: Medicinal

text: plants

text: have

text: been

text: identified

text: and

text: used

text: throughout

text: human

text: history

text: Plants

text: make

text: many

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: that

text: are

text: for

text: biological

text: functions

text: including

text: defence

text: against

text: insects

text: fungi

text: and

text: herbivorous

text: mammals

text: At

text: least

text: such

text: compounds

text: have

text: been

text: isolated

text: so

text: far

text: number

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: Chemical

text: compounds

text: in

text: plants

text: mediate

text: their

text: effect

text: on

text: the

text: human

text: body

text: through

text: processes

text: identical

text: to

text: those

text: already

text: well

text: understood

text: for

text: the

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: in

text: conventional

text: drugs

text: thus

text: herbal

text: medicines

text: do

text: not

text: differ

text: greatly

text: from

text: conventional

text: drugs

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: how

text: they

text: work

text: This

text: enables

text: herbal

text: medicines

text: to

text: have

text: beneficial

text: pharmacology

text: but

text: also

text: gives

text: them

text: the

text: same

text: potential

text: as

text: conventional

text: pharmaceutical

text: drugs

text: to

text: cause

text: harmful

text: side

text: effects

text: Moreover

text: plant

text: material

text: comes

text: with

text: variety

text: of

text: compounds

text: which

text: may

text: have

text: undesired

text: effects

text: though

text: these

text: can

text: be

text: reduced

text: by

text: processing

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: A farm is an area of land that is devoted primarily to agricultural processes with the primary objective of producing food and other crops; it is the basic facility in food production. The name is used for specialised units such as arable farms, vegetable farms, fruit farms, dairy, pig and poultry farms, and land used for the production of natural fibres, biofuel and other commodities. It includes ranches, feedlots, orchards, plantations and estates, smallholdings and hobby farms, and includes the farmhouse and agricultural buildings as well as the land. In modern times the term has been extended so as to include such industrial operations as wind farms and fish farms, both of which can operate on land or sea.

text: farm

text: is

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: land

text: that

text: is

text: devoted

text: primarily

text: to

text: agricultural

text: processes

text: with

text: the

text: primary

text: objective

text: of

text: producing

text: food

text: and

text: other

text: crops

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: basic

text: facility

text: in

text: food

text: production

text: The

text: name

text: is

text: used

text: for

text: specialised

text: units

text: such

text: as

text: arable

text: farms

text: vegetable

text: farms

text: fruit

text: farms

text: dairy

text: pig

text: and

text: poultry

text: farms

text: and

text: land

text: used

text: for

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: natural

text: fibres

text: biofuel

text: and

text: other

text: commodities

text: It

text: includes

text: ranches

text: feedlots

text: orchards

text: plantations

text: and

text: estates

text: smallholdings

text: and

text: hobby

text: farms

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: farmhouse

text: and

text: agricultural

text: buildings

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: land

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: the

text: term

text: has

text: been

text: extended

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: include

text: such

text: industrial

text: operations

text: as

text: wind

text: farms

text: and

text: fish

text: farms

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: can

text: operate

text: on

text: land

text: or

text: sea

text: The history of agriculture records the domestication of plants and animals and the development and dissemination of techniques for raising them productively. Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa. At least 11 separate regions of the Old and New World were involved as independent centers of origin.

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: agriculture

text: records

text: the

text: domestication

text: of

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: and

text: the

text: development

text: and

text: dissemination

text: of

text: techniques

text: for

text: raising

text: them

text: productively

text: Agriculture

text: began

text: independently

text: in

text: different

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: globe

text: and

text: included

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: taxa

text: At

text: least

text: separate

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: and

text: New

text: World

text: were

text: involved

text: as

text: independent

text: centers

text: of

text: origin

question: place_of_death joseph henry gilbert

answer: hertfordshire

text: hertfordshire


text: The Austin Montego is a British family car that was produced by Austin from 1984 until 1988 , and then by Rover from 1988 until 1995 . The Montego was the replacement for both the rear - wheel - drive Morris Ital and the front - wheel - drive Austin Ambassador ranges to give British Leyland an all - new competitor for the Ford Sierra and Vauxhall Cavalier . On its launch , it was sold as an Austin and also an MG. From 1988 , it was sold without a marque following the phasing out of the Austin name .

text: The

text: Austin

text: Montego

text: is

text: British

text: family

text: car

text: that

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Austin

text: from

text: until

text: and

text: then

text: by

text: Rover

text: from

text: until

text: The

text: Montego

text: was

text: the

text: replacement

text: for

text: both

text: the

text: rear

text: wheel

text: drive

text: Morris

text: Ital

text: and

text: the

text: front

text: wheel

text: drive

text: Austin

text: Ambassador

text: ranges

text: to

text: give

text: British

text: Leyland

text: an

text: all

text: new

text: competitor

text: for

text: the

text: Ford

text: Sierra

text: and

text: Vauxhall

text: Cavalier

text: On

text: its

text: launch

text: it

text: was

text: sold

text: as

text: an

text: Austin

text: and

text: also

text: an

text: MG

text: From

text: it

text: was

text: sold

text: without

text: marque

text: following

text: the

text: phasing

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: Austin

text: name

text: Leyland Motors Limited was a British vehicle manufacturer of lorries, buses and trolleybuses. It gave its name to the British Leyland Motor Corporation formed when it merged with British Motor Holdings, later to become British Leyland after being nationalised. British Leyland later changed its name to simply BL, then in 1986 to Rover Group.

text: Leyland

text: Motors

text: Limited

text: was

text: British

text: vehicle

text: manufacturer

text: of

text: lorries

text: buses

text: and

text: trolleybuses

text: It

text: gave

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: the

text: British

text: Leyland

text: Motor

text: Corporation

text: formed

text: when

text: it

text: merged

text: with

text: British

text: Motor

text: Holdings

text: later

text: to

text: become

text: British

text: Leyland

text: after

text: being

text: nationalised

text: British

text: Leyland

text: later

text: changed

text: its

text: name

text: to

text: simply

text: BL

text: then

text: in

text: to

text: Rover

text: Group

text: The Vauxhall Cavalier is a large family car sold primarily in the UK by Vauxhall from 1975 to 1995. It was based on an succession of Opel designs throughout its production life, during which it was built in three incarnations. The first generation of Cavalier, launched in 1975 and produced until 1981, was based on the existing Opel Ascona with a few minor visual differences.

text: The

text: Vauxhall

text: Cavalier

text: is

text: large

text: family

text: car

text: sold

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: by

text: Vauxhall

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: an

text: succession

text: of

text: Opel

text: designs

text: throughout

text: its

text: production

text: life

text: during

text: which

text: it

text: was

text: built

text: in

text: three

text: incarnations

text: The

text: first

text: generation

text: of

text: Cavalier

text: launched

text: in

text: and

text: produced

text: until

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: existing

text: Opel

text: Ascona

text: with

text: few

text: minor

text: visual

text: differences

text: Adam Opel AG (Opel) is a German automobile manufacturer headquartered in Rüsselsheim, Hesse, Germany, subsidiary of the American group General Motors. The company designs, engineers, manufactures and distributes Opel-branded passenger vehicles, light commercial vehicles and vehicle parts for distribution in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America. Opel designed and manufactured vehicles are also sold under the Buick brand in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and China, the Holden brand in Australia and New Zealand, and the Vauxhall brand in Great Britain.

text: Adam

text: Opel

text: AG

text: Opel

text: is

text: German

text: automobile

text: manufacturer

text: headquartered

text: in

text: Rüsselsheim

text: Hesse

text: Germany

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: group

text: General

text: Motors

text: The

text: company

text: designs

text: engineers

text: manufactures

text: and

text: distributes

text: Opel

text: branded

text: passenger

text: vehicles

text: light

text: commercial

text: vehicles

text: and

text: vehicle

text: parts

text: for

text: distribution

text: in

text: Africa

text: Asia

text: Europe

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: Opel

text: designed

text: and

text: manufactured

text: vehicles

text: are

text: also

text: sold

text: under

text: the

text: Buick

text: brand

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Canada

text: Mexico

text: and

text: China

text: the

text: Holden

text: brand

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: the

text: Vauxhall

text: brand

text: in

text: Great

text: Britain

text: The Ford Sierra is a mid-size car or large family car that was built by Ford Europe from 1982 to 1993. It was designed by Uwe Bahnsen, Robert Lutz and Patrick le Quément. The code used during development was "Project Toni" It was named for the Spanish word for mountain range.

text: The

text: Ford

text: Sierra

text: is

text: mid

text: size

text: car

text: or

text: large

text: family

text: car

text: that

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: Ford

text: Europe

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: designed

text: by

text: Uwe

text: Bahnsen

text: Robert

text: Lutz

text: and

text: Patrick

text: le

text: Quément

text: The

text: code

text: used

text: during

text: development

text: was

text: Project

text: Toni

text: It

text: was

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: Spanish

text: word

text: for

text: mountain

text: range

text: British Motor Holdings Limited (BMH) was a British vehicle manufacturing company known until 14 December 1966 as British Motor Corporation Limited (BMC). BMH was created as a holding company following the BMC's takeover of both Jaguar Cars and the Pressed Steel Company in that year.

text: British

text: Motor

text: Holdings

text: Limited

text: BMH

text: was

text: British

text: vehicle

text: manufacturing

text: company

text: known

text: until

text: December

text: as

text: British

text: Motor

text: Corporation

text: Limited

text: BMC

text: BMH

text: was

text: created

text: as

text: holding

text: company

text: following

text: the

text: BMC

text: 's

text: takeover

text: of

text: both

text: Jaguar

text: Cars

text: and

text: the

text: Pressed

text: Steel

text: Company

text: in

text: that

text: year

text: The Morris Ital is a medium-sized saloon car that was built by British Leyland (BL) from 1980 until 1984.

text: The

text: Morris

text: Ital

text: is

text: medium

text: sized

text: saloon

text: car

text: that

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: British

text: Leyland

text: BL

text: from

text: until

text: The Opel Ascona is a large family car produced by the German automaker Opel from 1970 to 1988. It was produced in three separate generations from 1970 to 1988, beginning with rear-wheel drive and ending up as a front-wheel drive J-car derivative. In motorsport, the Ascona 400 rally car driven by Walter Röhrl won the World Rally Championship drivers' title in the 1982 season.

text: The

text: Opel

text: Ascona

text: is

text: large

text: family

text: car

text: produced

text: by

text: the

text: German

text: automaker

text: Opel

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: produced

text: in

text: three

text: separate

text: generations

text: from

text: to

text: beginning

text: with

text: rear

text: wheel

text: drive

text: and

text: ending

text: up

text: as

text: front

text: wheel

text: drive

text: car

text: derivative

text: In

text: motorsport

text: the

text: Ascona

text: rally

text: car

text: driven

text: by

text: Walter

text: Röhrl

text: won

text: the

text: World

text: Rally

text: Championship

text: drivers

text: title

text: in

text: the

text: season

text:
Patrick G. M. Le Quément (born 4 February 1945 in Marseille) is a retired French car designer, formerly chief designer of Renault.
Born in France but brought up in the United Kingdom, Le Quément holds a BA Hons. degree in Product Design from Birmingham Institute of Art and Design, and an MBA from Danbury Park Management Centre.

text: Patrick

text: Le

text: Quément

text: born

text: February

text: in

text: Marseille

text: is

text: retired

text: French

text: car

text: designer

text: formerly

text: chief

text: designer

text: of

text: Renault

text: Born

text: in

text: France

text: but

text: brought

text: up

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Le

text: Quément

text: holds

text: BA

text: Hons

text: degree

text: in

text: Product

text: Design

text: from

text: Birmingham

text: Institute

text: of

text: Art

text: and

text: Design

text: and

text: an

text: MBA

text: from

text: Danbury

text: Park

text: Management

text: Centre

text: A holding company is a company that owns other companies' outstanding stock. The term usually refers to a company that does not produce goods or services itself; rather, its purpose is to own shares of other companies to form a corporate group. Holding companies allow the reduction of risk for the owners and can allow the ownership and control of a number of different companies.

text: holding

text: company

text: is

text: company

text: that

text: owns

text: other

text: companies

text: outstanding

text: stock

text: The

text: term

text: usually

text: refers

text: to

text: company

text: that

text: does

text: not

text: produce

text: goods

text: or

text: services

text: itself

text: rather

text: its

text: purpose

text: is

text: to

text: own

text: shares

text: of

text: other

text: companies

text: to

text: form

text: corporate

text: group

text: Holding

text: companies

text: allow

text: the

text: reduction

text: of

text: risk

text: for

text: the

text: owners

text: and

text: can

text: allow

text: the

text: ownership

text: and

text: control

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: different

text: companies

text: British Leyland was an automotive engineering and manufacturing conglomerate formed in the United Kingdom in 1968 as British Leyland Motor Corporation Ltd (BLMC), following the merger of Leyland Motors and British Motor Holdings. It was partly nationalised in 1975, when the UK government created a holding company called British Leyland, later BL, in 1978. It incorporated much of the British-owned motor vehicle industry, which constituted 40 percent of the UK car market, with roots going back to 1895.

text: British

text: Leyland

text: was

text: an

text: automotive

text: engineering

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: conglomerate

text: formed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: as

text: British

text: Leyland

text: Motor

text: Corporation

text: Ltd

text: BLMC

text: following

text: the

text: merger

text: of

text: Leyland

text: Motors

text: and

text: British

text: Motor

text: Holdings

text: It

text: was

text: partly

text: nationalised

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: UK

text: government

text: created

text: holding

text: company

text: called

text: British

text: Leyland

text: later

text: BL

text: in

text: It

text: incorporated

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: owned

text: motor

text: vehicle

text: industry

text: which

text: constituted

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: car

text: market

text: with

text: roots

text: going

text: back

text: to

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: manufacturer austin montego

answer: british motor corporation

text: british motor corporation


text: The Prime Minister of New Zealand is the head of government of New Zealand. The current prime minister is Bill English of the National Party, who took office on 12 December 2016.

text: The

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: government

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: The

text: current

text: prime

text: minister

text: is

text: Bill

text: English

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Party

text: who

text: took

text: office

text: on

text: December

text: The 1978 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to elect the 39th New Zealand Parliament . It saw the governing National Party , led by Robert Muldoon , retain office , although the opposition Labour Party managed to win the largest share of the vote . Reorganisation of the enrolment system caused major problems with the electoral rolls , and left a legacy of unreliable information about voting levels in this election .

text: The

text: New

text: Zealand

text: general

text: election

text: was

text: nationwide

text: vote

text: to

text: elect

text: the

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Parliament

text: It

text: saw

text: the

text: governing

text: National

text: Party

text: led

text: by

text: Robert

text: Muldoon

text: retain

text: office

text: although

text: the

text: opposition

text: Labour

text: Party

text: managed

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: largest

text: share

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: Reorganisation

text: of

text: the

text: enrolment

text: system

text: caused

text: major

text: problems

text: with

text: the

text: electoral

text: rolls

text: and

text: left

text: legacy

text: of

text: unreliable

text: information

text: about

text: voting

text: levels

text: in

text: this

text: election

text: Sir Robert David "Rob" Muldoon (25 September 19215 August 1992) served as the 31st Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1975 to 1984, as leader of the governing National Party. Muldoon was a Minister of Finance (a portfolio he also held while Prime Minister), a prominent member of the National Party and MP for the Tamaki electorate in Auckland prior to becoming party leader in 1974.

text: Sir

text: Robert

text: David

text: Rob

text: Muldoon

text: September

text: August

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: of

text: New

text: Zealand

text: from

text: to

text: as

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: governing

text: National

text: Party

text: Muldoon

text: was

text: Minister

text: of

text: Finance

text: portfolio

text: he

text: also

text: held

text: while

text: Prime

text: Minister

text: prominent

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: National

text: Party

text: and

text: MP

text: for

text: the

text: Tamaki

text: electorate

text: in

text: Auckland

text: prior

text: to

text: becoming

text: party

text: leader

text: in

annotations: follows single

question: office_contested new zealand general election

answer: prime minister of new zealand

text: prime minister of new zealand

text: prime minister of new zealand


text:
The Central Mountain Range, also known as the Zhongyang Range or Chungyang Range (also ), is the principal range of mountains in Taiwan. It runs from the north of the island to the south.
Due to this separation, connecting between the west and east is not so convenient. The tallest peak of the range is Xiuguluan Mountain, 3,860 meters (12,664 feet).

text: The

text: Central

text: Mountain

text: Range

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Zhongyang

text: Range

text: or

text: Chungyang

text: Range

text: also

text: is

text: the

text: principal

text: range

text: of

text: mountains

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: It

text: runs

text: from

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Due

text: to

text: this

text: separation

text: connecting

text: between

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: east

text: is

text: not

text: so

text: convenient

text: The

text: tallest

text: peak

text: of

text: the

text: range

text: is

text: Xiuguluan

text: Mountain

text: meters

text: feet

text: East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural terms. Geographically and geopolitically, it includes China, Hong Kong, and Macao; Mongolia and Taiwan; North and South Korea; and Japan; it covers about , or about 28% of the Asian continent, about twice the area of Europe.

text: East

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: subregion

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: defined

text: in

text: either

text: geographical

text: or

text: ethno

text: cultural

text: terms

text: Geographically

text: and

text: geopolitically

text: it

text: includes

text: China

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macao

text: Mongolia

text: and

text: Taiwan

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: Korea

text: and

text: Japan

text: it

text: covers

text: about

text: or

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: about

text: twice

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Europe

text: Japan ("Nippon" or "Nihon" ; formally "" or "Nihon-koku", means "State of Japan") is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, It is lying off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland (east of China, Korea, Russia) and stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and near Taiwan in the southwest.

text: Japan

text: Nippon

text: or

text: Nihon

text: formally

text: or

text: Nihon

text: koku

text: means

text: State

text: of

text: Japan

text: is

text: sovereign

text: island

text: nation

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Asia

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: is

text: lying

text: off

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Asia

text: Mainland

text: east

text: of

text: China

text: Korea

text: Russia

text: and

text: stretching

text: from

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Okhotsk

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: East

text: China

text: Sea

text: and

text: near

text: Taiwan

text: in

text: the

text: southwest

text: Lin Chiung - ying ( Chinese :  , born November 2 , 1987 in Guangfu , Hualien , Taiwan ) is a Taiwanese female football player . She comes from Amis tribe and usually plays as a defender . Her sister Lin Man - ting is also footballer . In July 2009 , Lin and national teammates Tseng Shu - o and Wang Hsiang - huei participated in Canberra United FC 's international trial . She joined the club in September 2009 and made her debut in October . However , she suffered injury after 5 club appearances and missed most of the season .

text: Lin

text: Chiung

text: ying

text: Chinese

text: born

text: November

text: in

text: Guangfu

text: Hualien

text: Taiwan

text: is

text: Taiwanese

text: female

text: football

text: player

text: She

text: comes

text: from

text: Amis

text: tribe

text: and

text: usually

text: plays

text: as

text: defender

text: Her

text: sister

text: Lin

text: Man

text: ting

text: is

text: also

text: footballer

text: In

text: July

text: Lin

text: and

text: national

text: teammates

text: Tseng

text: Shu

text: and

text: Wang

text: Hsiang

text: huei

text: participated

text: in

text: Canberra

text: United

text: FC

text: 's

text: international

text: trial

text: She

text: joined

text: the

text: club

text: in

text: September

text: and

text: made

text: her

text: debut

text: in

text: October

text: However

text: she

text: suffered

text: injury

text: after

text: club

text: appearances

text: and

text: missed

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: season

text: Guangfu Township is a rural township located in mid Huatung Valley between Central Mountain Range and coastal Range of Hualien County, Taiwan. It has 14 villages and a population of 13,395 inhabitants, which the greatest aborigines here is Ami people. The main economical activity is agriculture.

text: Guangfu

text: Township

text: is

text: rural

text: township

text: located

text: in

text: mid

text: Huatung

text: Valley

text: between

text: Central

text: Mountain

text: Range

text: and

text: coastal

text: Range

text: of

text: Hualien

text: County

text: Taiwan

text: It

text: has

text: villages

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: which

text: the

text: greatest

text: aborigines

text: here

text: is

text: Ami

text: people

text: The

text: main

text: economical

text: activity

text: is

text: agriculture

text: Hualien County has the largest area of all counties in Taiwan, and is located on the country's mountainous eastern coast. It is the northern terminus of the Hualien-Taitung Line and the southern terminus of the North-Link Line of the Taiwan Railway Administration. In the Provincial Highway System, Hualien County is connected to other counties via the Suhua Highway, Huatung Highway, Hualien-Taitung Coast Highway and the Central Cross-Island Highway. Hualien County is famous for tourism. Tourism spots include the Taroko National Park and Yushan National Park and its coastline is well suited for biking purposes.

text: Hualien

text: County

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: area

text: of

text: all

text: counties

text: in

text: Taiwan

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: mountainous

text: eastern

text: coast

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: northern

text: terminus

text: of

text: the

text: Hualien

text: Taitung

text: Line

text: and

text: the

text: southern

text: terminus

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Link

text: Line

text: of

text: the

text: Taiwan

text: Railway

text: Administration

text: In

text: the

text: Provincial

text: Highway

text: System

text: Hualien

text: County

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: other

text: counties

text: via

text: the

text: Suhua

text: Highway

text: Huatung

text: Highway

text: Hualien

text: Taitung

text: Coast

text: Highway

text: and

text: the

text: Central

text: Cross

text: Island

text: Highway

text: Hualien

text: County

text: is

text: famous

text: for

text: tourism

text: Tourism

text: spots

text: include

text: the

text: Taroko

text: National

text: Park

text: and

text: Yushan

text: National

text: Park

text: and

text: its

text: coastline

text: is

text: well

text: suited

text: for

text: biking

text: purposes

text: The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193. The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan, New York City, and experiences extraterritoriality. Further main offices are situated in Geneva, Nairobi, and Vienna. The organization is financed by assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states. Its objectives include maintaining international peace and security, promoting human rights, fostering social and economic development, protecting the environment, and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict.

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: is

text: an

text: intergovernmental

text: organization

text: to

text: promote

text: international

text: co

text: operation

text: replacement

text: for

text: the

text: ineffective

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: the

text: organization

text: was

text: established

text: on

text: October

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: prevent

text: another

text: such

text: conflict

text: At

text: its

text: founding

text: the

text: UN

text: had

text: member

text: states

text: there

text: are

text: now

text: The

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: is

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: experiences

text: extraterritoriality

text: Further

text: main

text: offices

text: are

text: situated

text: in

text: Geneva

text: Nairobi

text: and

text: Vienna

text: The

text: organization

text: is

text: financed

text: by

text: assessed

text: and

text: voluntary

text: contributions

text: from

text: its

text: member

text: states

text: Its

text: objectives

text: include

text: maintaining

text: international

text: peace

text: and

text: security

text: promoting

text: human

text: rights

text: fostering

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: development

text: protecting

text: the

text: environment

text: and

text: providing

text: humanitarian

text: aid

text: in

text: cases

text: of

text: famine

text: natural

text: disaster

text: and

text: armed

text: conflict

text: Lin Man-ting (born July 10, 1990 in Hualien, Taiwan), or 'Claire', is a Taiwanese female footballer and futsal player with Amis descent. She last played for ASPTT Albi. She was the first ever Taiwanese women player to play for a European club. She usually plays as defensive roles such as midfielder or defender. Her sister Lin Chiung-ying is also footballer, representing Canberra United in the Australian Westfield W-League.

text: Lin

text: Man

text: ting

text: born

text: July

text: in

text: Hualien

text: Taiwan

text: or

text: Claire

text: is

text: Taiwanese

text: female

text: footballer

text: and

text: futsal

text: player

text: with

text: Amis

text: descent

text: She

text: last

text: played

text: for

text: ASPTT

text: Albi

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: ever

text: Taiwanese

text: women

text: player

text: to

text: play

text: for

text: European

text: club

text: She

text: usually

text: plays

text: as

text: defensive

text: roles

text: such

text: as

text: midfielder

text: or

text: defender

text: Her

text: sister

text: Lin

text: Chiung

text: ying

text: is

text: also

text: footballer

text: representing

text: Canberra

text: United

text: in

text: the

text: Australian

text: Westfield

text: League

text: The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. Bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest, the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.

text: The

text: Philippines

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: is

text: sovereign

text: island

text: country

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: about

text: islands

text: that

text: are

text: categorized

text: broadly

text: under

text: three

text: main

text: geographical

text: divisions

text: from

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: Luzon

text: Visayas

text: and

text: Mindanao

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Philippines

text: is

text: Manila

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Quezon

text: City

text: both

text: part

text: of

text: Metro

text: Manila

text: Bounded

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Philippine

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Celebes

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: the

text: Philippines

text: shares

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Taiwan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Vietnam

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Palau

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia. With a population of over 1.381 billion, it is the world's most populous country. The state is governed by the Communist Party of China, and its capital is Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau), and claims sovereignty over Taiwan. The country's major urban areas include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Tianjin and Hong Kong. China is a great power and a major regional power within Asia, and has been characterized as a potential superpower.

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: PRC

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: of

text: China

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: is

text: Beijing

text: It

text: exercises

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: provinces

text: five

text: autonomous

text: regions

text: four

text: direct

text: controlled

text: municipalities

text: Beijing

text: Tianjin

text: Shanghai

text: and

text: Chongqing

text: and

text: two

text: mostly

text: self

text: governing

text: special

text: administrative

text: regions

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: and

text: Macau

text: and

text: claims

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: Taiwan

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Shanghai

text: Guangzhou

text: Beijing

text: Chongqing

text: Shenzhen

text: Tianjin

text: and

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: China

text: is

text: great

text: power

text: and

text: major

text: regional

text: power

text: within

text: Asia

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: characterized

text: as

text: potential

text: superpower

text: The Huatung Valley or Hualien-Taitung Valley, also known as East Rift Valley or the Longitudinal Valley, is a long and narrow valley located at the between Chungyang Range and Haian Range. It is also recognized as a plain area which stretches for about 180 kilometers near the eastern coast of Taiwan, passes from the Hualien City at the north to the Taitung City at the south. It was called Nakasend or Nakasend heiya (Nakasend Plain) during era of Japanese rule.

text: The

text: Huatung

text: Valley

text: or

text: Hualien

text: Taitung

text: Valley

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: East

text: Rift

text: Valley

text: or

text: the

text: Longitudinal

text: Valley

text: is

text: long

text: and

text: narrow

text: valley

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: between

text: Chungyang

text: Range

text: and

text: Haian

text: Range

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: recognized

text: as

text: plain

text: area

text: which

text: stretches

text: for

text: about

text: kilometers

text: near

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: Taiwan

text: passes

text: from

text: the

text: Hualien

text: City

text: at

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: Taitung

text: City

text: at

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: was

text: called

text: Nakasend

text: or

text: Nakasend

text: heiya

text: Nakasend

text: Plain

text: during

text: era

text: of

text: Japanese

text: rule

text:
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbors include China (officially the People's Republic of China, abbreviated as PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south.
Taiwan is the most populous state that is not a member of the United Nations, and the one with the largest economy.

text: Taiwan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: ROC

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: East

text: Asia

text: Neighbors

text: include

text: China

text: officially

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: PRC

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Japan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: the

text: Philippines

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Taiwan

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: that

text: is

text: not

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: and

text: the

text: one

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: economy

question: place_of_birth lin chiung-ying

answer: hualien county

text: hualien county

text: hualien county

text: hualien county

text: hualien county


text: A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles (listed below) about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as newsprint. The journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print. The online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly. News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news. The news includes political events and personalities, business and finance, crime, weather, and natural disasters; health and medicine, science, and computers and technology; sports; and entertainment, society, food and cooking, clothing and home fashion, and the arts.

text: newspaper

text: is

text: serial

text: publication

text: containing

text: news

text: about

text: current

text: events

text: other

text: informative

text: articles

text: listed

text: below

text: about

text: politics

text: sports

text: arts

text: and

text: so

text: on

text: and

text: advertising

text: newspaper

text: is

text: usually

text: but

text: not

text: exclusively

text: printed

text: on

text: relatively

text: inexpensive

text: low

text: grade

text: paper

text: such

text: as

text: newsprint

text: The

text: journalism

text: organizations

text: that

text: publish

text: newspapers

text: are

text: themselves

text: often

text: metonymically

text: called

text: newspapers

text: As

text: of

text: most

text: newspapers

text: are

text: now

text: published

text: online

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: print

text: The

text: online

text: versions

text: are

text: called

text: online

text: newspapers

text: or

text: news

text: websites

text: Newspapers

text: are

text: typically

text: published

text: daily

text: or

text: weekly

text: News

text: magazines

text: are

text: also

text: weekly

text: but

text: they

text: have

text: magazine

text: format

text: General

text: interest

text: newspapers

text: typically

text: publish

text: news

text: articles

text: and

text: feature

text: articles

text: on

text: national

text: and

text: international

text: news

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: local

text: news

text: The

text: news

text: includes

text: political

text: events

text: and

text: personalities

text: business

text: and

text: finance

text: crime

text: weather

text: and

text: natural

text: disasters

text: health

text: and

text: medicine

text: science

text: and

text: computers

text: and

text: technology

text: sports

text: and

text: entertainment

text: society

text: food

text: and

text: cooking

text: clothing

text: and

text: home

text: fashion

text: and

text: the

text: arts

text: Garfield is an American comic strip created by Jim Davis. Published since 1978, it chronicles the life of the title character, the cat Garfield, Jon, his owner, and Jon's dog, Odie. As of 2013, it was syndicated in roughly 2,580 newspapers and journals, and held the Guinness World Record for being the world's most widely syndicated comic strip.

text: Garfield

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: comic

text: strip

text: created

text: by

text: Jim

text: Davis

text: Published

text: since

text: it

text: chronicles

text: the

text: life

text: of

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: the

text: cat

text: Garfield

text: Jon

text: his

text: owner

text: and

text: Jon

text: 's

text: dog

text: Odie

text: As

text: of

text: it

text: was

text: syndicated

text: in

text: roughly

text: newspapers

text: and

text: journals

text: and

text: held

text: the

text: Guinness

text: World

text: Record

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: widely

text: syndicated

text: comic

text: strip

text: This is a list of characters in the Garfield comic strip , created by Jim Davis . It includes notable characters from the comic strip as well as cartoons , and movies centered on the Garfield character , and is organized by what medium they appeared in first .

text: This

text: is

text: list

text: of

text: characters

text: in

text: the

text: Garfield

text: comic

text: strip

text: created

text: by

text: Jim

text: Davis

text: It

text: includes

text: notable

text: characters

text: from

text: the

text: comic

text: strip

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: cartoons

text: and

text: movies

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: Garfield

text: character

text: and

text: is

text: organized

text: by

text: what

text: medium

text: they

text: appeared

text: in

text: first

text: A magazine is a publication, usually a periodical publication, which is printed or electronically published (sometimes referred to as an online magazine). Magazines are generally published on a regular schedule and contain a variety of content. They are generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by prepaid subscriptions, or a combination of the three.At its root, the word "magazine" refers to a collection or storage location. In the case of written publication, it is a collection of written articles. This explains why magazine publications share the word root with gunpowder magazines, artillery magazines, firearms magazines, and, in French, retail stores such as department stores.

text: magazine

text: is

text: publication

text: usually

text: periodical

text: publication

text: which

text: is

text: printed

text: or

text: electronically

text: published

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: an

text: online

text: magazine

text: Magazines

text: are

text: generally

text: published

text: on

text: regular

text: schedule

text: and

text: contain

text: variety

text: of

text: content

text: They

text: are

text: generally

text: financed

text: by

text: advertising

text: by

text: purchase

text: price

text: by

text: prepaid

text: subscriptions

text: or

text: combination

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: At

text: its

text: root

text: the

text: word

text: magazine

text: refers

text: to

text: collection

text: or

text: storage

text: location

text: In

text: the

text: case

text: of

text: written

text: publication

text: it

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: written

text: articles

text: This

text: explains

text: why

text: magazine

text: publications

text: share

text: the

text: word

text: root

text: with

text: gunpowder

text: magazines

text: artillery

text: magazines

text: firearms

text: magazines

text: and

text: in

text: French

text: retail

text: stores

text: such

text: as

text: department

text: stores

text: The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as "The Adventures of Tintin". American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938. Histories of Japanese comics and cartooning ("") propose origins as early as the 12th century. Modern comic strips emerged in Japan in the early 20th century, and the output of comics magazines and books rapidly expanded in the post-World War II era with the popularity of cartoonists such as Osamu Tezuka. had a lowbrow reputation for much of its history, but towards the end of the 20th century began to find greater acceptance with the public and in academia.

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: comics

text: has

text: followed

text: different

text: paths

text: in

text: different

text: cultures

text: Scholars

text: have

text: posited

text: pre

text: history

text: as

text: far

text: back

text: as

text: the

text: Lascaux

text: cave

text: paintings

text: By

text: the

text: century

text: comics

text: flourished

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: western

text: Europe

text: especially

text: in

text: France

text: and

text: Belgium

text: and

text: Japan

text: The

text: history

text: of

text: European

text: comics

text: is

text: often

text: traced

text: to

text: Rodolphe

text: Töpffer

text: 's

text: cartoon

text: strips

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: became

text: popular

text: following

text: the

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: of

text: strips

text: and

text: books

text: such

text: as

text: The

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Tintin

text: American

text: comics

text: emerged

text: as

text: mass

text: medium

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: with

text: the

text: advent

text: of

text: newspaper

text: comic

text: strips

text: magazine

text: style

text: comic

text: books

text: followed

text: in

text: the

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: superhero

text: genre

text: became

text: prominent

text: after

text: Superman

text: appeared

text: in

text: Histories

text: of

text: Japanese

text: comics

text: and

text: cartooning

text: propose

text: origins

text: as

text: early

text: as

text: the

text: century

text: Modern

text: comic

text: strips

text: emerged

text: in

text: Japan

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: output

text: of

text: comics

text: magazines

text: and

text: books

text: rapidly

text: expanded

text: in

text: the

text: post

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: era

text: with

text: the

text: popularity

text: of

text: cartoonists

text: such

text: as

text: Osamu

text: Tezuka

text: had

text: lowbrow

text: reputation

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: but

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: began

text: to

text: find

text: greater

text: acceptance

text: with

text: the

text: public

text: and

text: in

text: academia

text: Odie is a fictional character, who appears in the Jim Davis comic strip "Garfield". He has also appeared in Garfield and Friends, The Garfield Show, as well as two live-action/computer-animated feature films, and three fully CGI films.

text: Odie

text: is

text: fictional

text: character

text: who

text: appears

text: in

text: the

text: Jim

text: Davis

text: comic

text: strip

text: Garfield

text: He

text: has

text: also

text: appeared

text: in

text: Garfield

text: and

text: Friends

text: The

text: Garfield

text: Show

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: two

text: live

text: action

text: computer

text: animated

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: three

text: fully

text: CGI

text: films

text:
A comic strip is a sequence of drawings arranged in interrelated panels to display brief humor or form a narrative, often serialized, with text in balloons and captions. Traditionally, throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, these have been published in newspapers and magazines, with horizontal strips printed in black-and-white in daily newspapers, while Sunday newspapers offered longer sequences in special color comics sections. With the development of the internet, they began to appear online as web comics.
There were more than 200 different comic strips and daily cartoon panels in American newspapers alone each day for most of the 20th century, for a total of at least 7,300,000 episodes.

text: comic

text: strip

text: is

text: sequence

text: of

text: drawings

text: arranged

text: in

text: interrelated

text: panels

text: to

text: display

text: brief

text: humor

text: or

text: form

text: narrative

text: often

text: serialized

text: with

text: text

text: in

text: balloons

text: and

text: captions

text: Traditionally

text: throughout

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: these

text: have

text: been

text: published

text: in

text: newspapers

text: and

text: magazines

text: with

text: horizontal

text: strips

text: printed

text: in

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: in

text: daily

text: newspapers

text: while

text: Sunday

text: newspapers

text: offered

text: longer

text: sequences

text: in

text: special

text: color

text: comics

text: sections

text: With

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: internet

text: they

text: began

text: to

text: appear

text: online

text: as

text: web

text: comics

text: There

text: were

text: more

text: than

text: different

text: comic

text: strips

text: and

text: daily

text: cartoon

text: panels

text: in

text: American

text: newspapers

text: alone

text: each

text: day

text: for

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: for

text: total

text: of

text: at

text: least

text: episodes

question: is_a_list_of list of characters in the garfield franchise

answer: fictional character

text: fictional character