text: Grampound is a village in Cornwall, England, UK. It is at an ancient crossing point of the River Fal and today is on the A390 road six miles west of St Austell and eight miles east of Truro.

text: Grampound

text: is

text: village

text: in

text: Cornwall

text: England

text: UK

text: It

text: is

text: at

text: an

text: ancient

text: crossing

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Fal

text: and

text: today

text: is

text: on

text: the

text: road

text: six

text: miles

text: west

text: of

text: St

text: Austell

text: and

text: eight

text: miles

text: east

text: of

text: Truro

text: Grampound in Cornwall , was a borough constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England , then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1821 . It was represented by two Members of Parliament .

text: Grampound

text: in

text: Cornwall

text: was

text: borough

text: constituency

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: of

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: England

text: then

text: of

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: from

text: to

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: was

text: represented

text: by

text: two

text: Members

text: of

text: Parliament

text: Cornwall is a ceremonial county and unitary authority area of England within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Cornwall has a population of and covers an area of . The administrative centre, and only city in Cornwall, is Truro, although the town of Falmouth has the largest population for a civil parish and the conurbation of Camborne, Pool and Redruth has the highest total population.

text: Cornwall

text: is

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: and

text: unitary

text: authority

text: area

text: of

text: England

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: county

text: of

text: Devon

text: over

text: the

text: River

text: Tamar

text: Cornwall

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: and

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: The

text: administrative

text: centre

text: and

text: only

text: city

text: in

text: Cornwall

text: is

text: Truro

text: although

text: the

text: town

text: of

text: Falmouth

text: has

text: the

text: largest

text: population

text: for

text: civil

text: parish

text: and

text: the

text: conurbation

text: of

text: Camborne

text: Pool

text: and

text: Redruth

text: has

text: the

text: highest

text: total

text: population

text: The River Fal flows through Cornwall, England, rising at Pentevale on Goss Moor (between St. Columb and Roche) and reaching the English Channel at Falmouth. On or near the banks of the Fal are the castles of Pendennis and St Mawes as well as Trelissick Garden. The River Fal separates the Roseland peninsula from the rest of Cornwall. Like most of its kind on the south coast of Cornwall and Devon, the Fal estuary is a classic ria, or drowned river valley. The Fal estuary from Tregony to the Truro River was originally called Hafaraell (meaning "fallow place").

text: The

text: River

text: Fal

text: flows

text: through

text: Cornwall

text: England

text: rising

text: at

text: Pentevale

text: on

text: Goss

text: Moor

text: between

text: St.

text: Columb

text: and

text: Roche

text: and

text: reaching

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: at

text: Falmouth

text: On

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: the

text: Fal

text: are

text: the

text: castles

text: of

text: Pendennis

text: and

text: St

text: Mawes

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Trelissick

text: Garden

text: The

text: River

text: Fal

text: separates

text: the

text: Roseland

text: peninsula

text: from

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: Cornwall

text: Like

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: Cornwall

text: and

text: Devon

text: the

text: Fal

text: estuary

text: is

text: classic

text: ria

text: or

text: drowned

text: river

text: valley

text: The

text: Fal

text: estuary

text: from

text: Tregony

text: to

text: the

text: Truro

text: River

text: was

text: originally

text: called

text: Hafaraell

text: meaning

text: fallow

text: place

text: The A390 is a road in Cornwall and Devon, England. It runs from Tavistock to north west of the city of Truro. Starting in Tavistock, it heads south-westwards towards Liskeard, crossing over the River Tamar and into Cornwall, then through Gunnislake and Callington. Immediately before Liskeard, it merges with the A38 north of the town. It diverges from the A38 at Dobwalls, where it then runs in a south-westerly direction to Truro via Lostwithiel, St. Blazey, and St Austell. It then forms an upside down elongated square loop, and bypasses Truro City Centre. It then heads north west out of the city, where it forms the main corridor into Truro from the west. It passes the Royal Cornwall Hospital and skirts the village of Threemilestone, before linking up with the A30 road at Chiverton Cross, where the A390 terminates. Chiverton Cross is where the A390 trunk road from Truro and the B3277 to St Agnes meet the east-west A30 trunk road. Before the A390 was rerouted away from Chacewater it ended at its junction with the A30 at Scorrier.

text: The

text: is

text: road

text: in

text: Cornwall

text: and

text: Devon

text: England

text: It

text: runs

text: from

text: Tavistock

text: to

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Truro

text: Starting

text: in

text: Tavistock

text: it

text: heads

text: south

text: westwards

text: towards

text: Liskeard

text: crossing

text: over

text: the

text: River

text: Tamar

text: and

text: into

text: Cornwall

text: then

text: through

text: Gunnislake

text: and

text: Callington

text: Immediately

text: before

text: Liskeard

text: it

text: merges

text: with

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: It

text: diverges

text: from

text: the

text: at

text: Dobwalls

text: where

text: it

text: then

text: runs

text: in

text: south

text: westerly

text: direction

text: to

text: Truro

text: via

text: Lostwithiel

text: St.

text: Blazey

text: and

text: St

text: Austell

text: It

text: then

text: forms

text: an

text: upside

text: down

text: elongated

text: square

text: loop

text: and

text: bypasses

text: Truro

text: City

text: Centre

text: It

text: then

text: heads

text: north

text: west

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: where

text: it

text: forms

text: the

text: main

text: corridor

text: into

text: Truro

text: from

text: the

text: west

text: It

text: passes

text: the

text: Royal

text: Cornwall

text: Hospital

text: and

text: skirts

text: the

text: village

text: of

text: Threemilestone

text: before

text: linking

text: up

text: with

text: the

text: road

text: at

text: Chiverton

text: Cross

text: where

text: the

text: terminates

text: Chiverton

text: Cross

text: is

text: where

text: the

text: trunk

text: road

text: from

text: Truro

text: and

text: the

text: to

text: St

text: Agnes

text: meet

text: the

text: east

text: west

text: trunk

text: road

text: Before

text: the

text: was

text: rerouted

text: away

text: from

text: Chacewater

text: it

text: ended

text: at

text: its

text: junction

text: with

text: the

text: at

text: Scorrier

text: The Parliament of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the UK Parliament or British Parliament, is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom, British Crown dependencies and British overseas territories. It alone possesses legislative supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies in the UK and its territories. Its head is the Sovereign of the United Kingdom (currently Queen Elizabeth II) and its seat is the Palace of Westminster in the City of Westminster, London.

text: The

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: UK

text: Parliament

text: or

text: British

text: Parliament

text: is

text: the

text: supreme

text: legislative

text: body

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: British

text: Crown

text: dependencies

text: and

text: British

text: overseas

text: territories

text: It

text: alone

text: possesses

text: legislative

text: supremacy

text: and

text: thereby

text: ultimate

text: power

text: over

text: all

text: other

text: political

text: bodies

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: and

text: its

text: territories

text: Its

text: head

text: is

text: the

text: Sovereign

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: currently

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: and

text: its

text: seat

text: is

text: the

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: London

text: The Acts of Union 1800 (sometimes erroneously referred to as a single Act of Union 1801) united the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland (previously in personal union) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland with effect from 1 January 1801. Both Acts, though since amended, still remain in force in the United Kingdom, but have been repealed in the Republic of Ireland.

text: The

text: Acts

text: of

text: Union

text: sometimes

text: erroneously

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: single

text: Act

text: of

text: Union

text: united

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Ireland

text: previously

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: to

text: create

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: with

text: effect

text: from

text: January

text: Both

text: Acts

text: though

text: since

text: amended

text: still

text: remain

text: in

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: but

text: have

text: been

text: repealed

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Camborne ('Crooked Hill') is a town and civil parish in west Cornwall, UK. It is at the western edge of a conurbation comprising Camborne, Pool and Redruth.

text: Camborne

text: Crooked

text: Hill

text: is

text: town

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: west

text: Cornwall

text: UK

text: It

text: is

text: at

text: the

text: western

text: edge

text: of

text: conurbation

text: comprising

text: Camborne

text: Pool

text: and

text: Redruth

text: Truro is a city and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Truro is Cornwall's county town and only city, its centre for administration, leisure and retail and had a population recorded in the 2011 census of 18,766. It is the most southern city in mainland Great Britain. People from Truro are known as Truronians.

text: Truro

text: is

text: city

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: Cornwall

text: England

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Truro

text: is

text: Cornwall

text: 's

text: county

text: town

text: and

text: only

text: city

text: its

text: centre

text: for

text: administration

text: leisure

text: and

text: retail

text: and

text: had

text: population

text: recorded

text: in

text: the

text: census

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: southern

text: city

text: in

text: mainland

text: Great

text: Britain

text: People

text: from

text: Truro

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Truronians

text:
The charter became part of English political life and was typically renewed by each monarch in turn, although as time went by and the fledgling English Parliament passed new laws, it lost some of its practical significance. At the end of the 16th century there was an upsurge in interest in Magna Carta. Lawyers and historians at the time believed that there was an ancient English constitution, going back to the days of the Anglo-Saxons, that protected individual English freedoms. They argued that the Norman invasion of 1066 had overthrown these rights, and that Magna Carta had been a popular attempt to restore them, making the charter an essential foundation for the contemporary powers of Parliament and legal principles such as "habeas corpus". Although this historical account was badly flawed, jurists such as Sir Edward Coke used Magna Carta extensively in the early 17th century, arguing against the divine right of kings propounded by the Stuart monarchs. Both James I and his son Charles I attempted to suppress the discussion of Magna Carta, until the issue was curtailed by the English Civil War of the 1640s and the execution of Charles.
The political myth of Magna Carta and its protection of ancient personal liberties persisted after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 until well into the 19th century. It influenced the early American colonists in the Thirteen Colonies and the formation of the American Constitution in 1787, which became the supreme law of the land in the new republic of the United States. Research by Victorian historians showed that the original 1215 charter had concerned the medieval relationship between the monarch and the barons, rather than the rights of ordinary people, but the charter remained a powerful, iconic document, even after almost all of its content was repealed from the statute books in the 19th and 20th centuries.

text: The

text: charter

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: English

text: political

text: life

text: and

text: was

text: typically

text: renewed

text: by

text: each

text: monarch

text: in

text: turn

text: although

text: as

text: time

text: went

text: by

text: and

text: the

text: fledgling

text: English

text: Parliament

text: passed

text: new

text: laws

text: it

text: lost

text: some

text: of

text: its

text: practical

text: significance

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: upsurge

text: in

text: interest

text: in

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: Lawyers

text: and

text: historians

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: believed

text: that

text: there

text: was

text: an

text: ancient

text: English

text: constitution

text: going

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: days

text: of

text: the

text: Anglo

text: Saxons

text: that

text: protected

text: individual

text: English

text: freedoms

text: They

text: argued

text: that

text: the

text: Norman

text: invasion

text: of

text: had

text: overthrown

text: these

text: rights

text: and

text: that

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: had

text: been

text: popular

text: attempt

text: to

text: restore

text: them

text: making

text: the

text: charter

text: an

text: essential

text: foundation

text: for

text: the

text: contemporary

text: powers

text: of

text: Parliament

text: and

text: legal

text: principles

text: such

text: as

text: habeas

text: corpus

text: Although

text: this

text: historical

text: account

text: was

text: badly

text: flawed

text: jurists

text: such

text: as

text: Sir

text: Edward

text: Coke

text: used

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: extensively

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: arguing

text: against

text: the

text: divine

text: right

text: of

text: kings

text: propounded

text: by

text: the

text: Stuart

text: monarchs

text: Both

text: James

text: and

text: his

text: son

text: Charles

text: attempted

text: to

text: suppress

text: the

text: discussion

text: of

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: until

text: the

text: issue

text: was

text: curtailed

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: Civil

text: War

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: execution

text: of

text: Charles

text: The

text: political

text: myth

text: of

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: and

text: its

text: protection

text: of

text: ancient

text: personal

text: liberties

text: persisted

text: after

text: the

text: Glorious

text: Revolution

text: of

text: until

text: well

text: into

text: the

text: century

text: It

text: influenced

text: the

text: early

text: American

text: colonists

text: in

text: the

text: Thirteen

text: Colonies

text: and

text: the

text: formation

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Constitution

text: in

text: which

text: became

text: the

text: supreme

text: law

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: in

text: the

text: new

text: republic

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Research

text: by

text: Victorian

text: historians

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: original

text: charter

text: had

text: concerned

text: the

text: medieval

text: relationship

text: between

text: the

text: monarch

text: and

text: the

text: barons

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: ordinary

text: people

text: but

text: the

text: charter

text: remained

text: powerful

text: iconic

text: document

text: even

text: after

text: almost

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: content

text: was

text: repealed

text: from

text: the

text: statute

text: books

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially Great Britain , was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800. The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands. It did not include Ireland, which remained a separate realm. The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government that was based in Westminster. The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I, bringing about a "Union of the Crowns". Also after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714, the kingdom was in a personal union with the Electorate of Hanover.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: officially

text: Great

text: Britain

text: was

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: from

text: May

text: to

text: December

text: The

text: state

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: following

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Union

text: in

text: ratified

text: by

text: the

text: Acts

text: of

text: Union

text: which

text: united

text: the

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: Scotland

text: to

text: form

text: single

text: kingdom

text: encompassing

text: the

text: whole

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: its

text: outlying

text: islands

text: It

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: Ireland

text: which

text: remained

text: separate

text: realm

text: The

text: unitary

text: state

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: single

text: parliament

text: and

text: government

text: that

text: was

text: based

text: in

text: Westminster

text: The

text: former

text: kingdoms

text: had

text: been

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: since

text: James

text: VI

text: King

text: of

text: Scots

text: became

text: King

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: King

text: of

text: Ireland

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Queen

text: Elizabeth

text: bringing

text: about

text: Union

text: of

text: the

text: Crowns

text: Also

text: after

text: the

text: accession

text: of

text: George

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: in

text: the

text: kingdom

text: was

text: in

text: personal

text: union

text: with

text: the

text: Electorate

text: of

text: Hanover

text: The Tamar is a river in south west England, that forms most of the border between Devon (to the east) and Cornwall (to the west). The area is a World Heritage Site due to its historic mining activities.

text: The

text: Tamar

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: south

text: west

text: England

text: that

text: forms

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: Devon

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Cornwall

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: historic

text: mining

text: activities

text: The English Channel ("the Sleeve" [hence ] "Sea of Brittany" "British Sea"), also called simply the Channel, is the body of water that separates southern England from northern France, and joins the southern part of the North Sea to the rest of the Atlantic Ocean.

text: The

text: English

text: Channel

text: the

text: Sleeve

text: hence

text: Sea

text: of

text: Brittany

text: British

text: Sea

text: also

text: called

text: simply

text: the

text: Channel

text: is

text: the

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: that

text: separates

text: southern

text: England

text: from

text: northern

text: France

text: and

text: joins

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. In 1066, William of Normandy introduced what, in later centuries, became referred to as a feudal system, by which he sought the advice of a council of tenants-in-chief (a person who held land) and ecclesiastics before making laws. In 1215, the tenants-in-chief secured Magna Carta from King John, which established that the king may not levy or collect any taxes (except the feudal taxes to which they were hitherto accustomed), save with the consent of his royal council, which gradually developed into a parliament.

text: The

text: Parliament

text: of

text: England

text: was

text: the

text: legislature

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: In

text: William

text: of

text: Normandy

text: introduced

text: what

text: in

text: later

text: centuries

text: became

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: feudal

text: system

text: by

text: which

text: he

text: sought

text: the

text: advice

text: of

text: council

text: of

text: tenants

text: in

text: chief

text: person

text: who

text: held

text: land

text: and

text: ecclesiastics

text: before

text: making

text: laws

text: In

text: the

text: tenants

text: in

text: chief

text: secured

text: Magna

text: Carta

text: from

text: King

text: John

text: which

text: established

text: that

text: the

text: king

text: may

text: not

text: levy

text: or

text: collect

text: any

text: taxes

text: except

text: the

text: feudal

text: taxes

text: to

text: which

text: they

text: were

text: hitherto

text: accustomed

text: save

text: with

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: his

text: royal

text: council

text: which

text: gradually

text: developed

text: into

text: parliament

text: St Austell is a civil parish and major town in Cornwall, England, UK. It is situated on the south coast, approximately south of Bodmin and west of the border with Devon.

text: St

text: Austell

text: is

text: civil

text: parish

text: and

text: major

text: town

text: in

text: Cornwall

text: England

text: UK

text: It

text: is

text: situated

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: approximately

text: south

text: of

text: Bodmin

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Devon

text: Redruth is a town and civil parish in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. The population of Redruth was 14,018 at the 2011 census. In the same year the population of the Camborne-Redruth urban area, which also includes Carn Brea, Illogan and several satellite villages, stood at 55,400 making it the largest conurbation in Cornwall. Redruth lies approximately at the junction of the A393 and A3047 roads, on the route of the old London to Land's End trunk road (now the A30), and is approximately west of Truro, east of St Ives, north east of Penzance and north west of Falmouth. Camborne and Redruth together form the largest urban area in Cornwall and before local government reorganisation were an urban district.

text: Redruth

text: is

text: town

text: and

text: civil

text: parish

text: in

text: Cornwall

text: England

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: population

text: of

text: Redruth

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: census

text: In

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: Camborne

text: Redruth

text: urban

text: area

text: which

text: also

text: includes

text: Carn

text: Brea

text: Illogan

text: and

text: several

text: satellite

text: villages

text: stood

text: at

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: conurbation

text: in

text: Cornwall

text: Redruth

text: lies

text: approximately

text: at

text: the

text: junction

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: roads

text: on

text: the

text: route

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: London

text: to

text: Land

text: 's

text: End

text: trunk

text: road

text: now

text: the

text: and

text: is

text: approximately

text: west

text: of

text: Truro

text: east

text: of

text: St

text: Ives

text: north

text: east

text: of

text: Penzance

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: of

text: Falmouth

text: Camborne

text: and

text: Redruth

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: Cornwall

text: and

text: before

text: local

text: government

text: reorganisation

text: were

text: an

text: urban

text: district

text: The Parliament of Scotland, officially the Estates of Parliament, was the legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland. The parliament, like other such institutions, evolved during the Middle Ages from the king's council of bishops and earls. It is first identifiable as a parliament in 1235, during the reign of Alexander II, when it was described as a "colloquium" and already possessed a political and judicial role. By the early fourteenth century, the attendance of knights and freeholders had become important, and from 1326 commissioners from the burghs attended. Consisting of the "three estates" of clergy, nobility and the burghs sitting in a single chamber, the parliament gave consent for the raising of taxation and played an important role in the administration of justice, foreign policy, war, and all manner of other legislation. Parliamentary business was also carried out by "sister" institutions, such as General Councils or Convention of Estates. These could carry out much business also dealt with by parliament  taxation, legislation and policy-making  but lacked the ultimate authority of a full parliament.

text: The

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Scotland

text: officially

text: the

text: Estates

text: of

text: Parliament

text: was

text: the

text: legislature

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Scotland

text: The

text: parliament

text: like

text: other

text: such

text: institutions

text: evolved

text: during

text: the

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: from

text: the

text: king

text: 's

text: council

text: of

text: bishops

text: and

text: earls

text: It

text: is

text: first

text: identifiable

text: as

text: parliament

text: in

text: during

text: the

text: reign

text: of

text: Alexander

text: II

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: described

text: as

text: colloquium

text: and

text: already

text: possessed

text: political

text: and

text: judicial

text: role

text: By

text: the

text: early

text: fourteenth

text: century

text: the

text: attendance

text: of

text: knights

text: and

text: freeholders

text: had

text: become

text: important

text: and

text: from

text: commissioners

text: from

text: the

text: burghs

text: attended

text: Consisting

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: estates

text: of

text: clergy

text: nobility

text: and

text: the

text: burghs

text: sitting

text: in

text: single

text: chamber

text: the

text: parliament

text: gave

text: consent

text: for

text: the

text: raising

text: of

text: taxation

text: and

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: justice

text: foreign

text: policy

text: war

text: and

text: all

text: manner

text: of

text: other

text: legislation

text: Parliamentary

text: business

text: was

text: also

text: carried

text: out

text: by

text: sister

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: General

text: Councils

text: or

text: Convention

text: of

text: Estates

text: These

text: could

text: carry

text: out

text: much

text: business

text: also

text: dealt

text: with

text: by

text: parliament

text: taxation

text: legislation

text: and

text: policy

text: making

text: but

text: lacked

text: the

text: ultimate

text: authority

text: of

text: full

text: parliament

text: The 14 British Overseas Territories (BOT) are territories under the jurisdiction and sovereignty of the United Kingdom. They are those parts of the former British Empire that have not chosen independence or have voted to remain British territories. Most of the inhabited territories are internally self-governing, with the UK retaining responsibility for defence and foreign relations. The rest are either uninhabited or have a transitory population of military or scientific personnel. They share the British monarch (Elizabeth II) as head of state.

text: The

text: British

text: Overseas

text: Territories

text: BOT

text: are

text: territories

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: and

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: They

text: are

text: those

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: British

text: Empire

text: that

text: have

text: not

text: chosen

text: independence

text: or

text: have

text: voted

text: to

text: remain

text: British

text: territories

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: inhabited

text: territories

text: are

text: internally

text: self

text: governing

text: with

text: the

text: UK

text: retaining

text: responsibility

text: for

text: defence

text: and

text: foreign

text: relations

text: The

text: rest

text: are

text: either

text: uninhabited

text: or

text: have

text: transitory

text: population

text: of

text: military

text: or

text: scientific

text: personnel

text: They

text: share

text: the

text: British

text: monarch

text: Elizabeth

text: II

text: as

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: Devon (archaically known as Devonshire) is a county of England, reaching from the Bristol Channel in the north to the English Channel in the south. It is part of South West England, bounded by Cornwall to the west, Somerset to the northeast, and Dorset to the east. The City of Exeter is the county town; seven other districts of East Devon, Mid Devon, North Devon, South Hams, Teignbridge, Torridge, and West Devon are under the jurisdiction of Devon County Council; Plymouth and Torbay are each a part of Devon but administered as unitary authorities. Combined as a ceremonial county, Devon's area is and its population is about 1.1 million.

text: Devon

text: archaically

text: known

text: as

text: Devonshire

text: is

text: county

text: of

text: England

text: reaching

text: from

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: South

text: West

text: England

text: bounded

text: by

text: Cornwall

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Somerset

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Dorset

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: Exeter

text: is

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: seven

text: other

text: districts

text: of

text: East

text: Devon

text: Mid

text: Devon

text: North

text: Devon

text: South

text: Hams

text: Teignbridge

text: Torridge

text: and

text: West

text: Devon

text: are

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: Devon

text: County

text: Council

text: Plymouth

text: and

text: Torbay

text: are

text: each

text: part

text: of

text: Devon

text: but

text: administered

text: as

text: unitary

text: authorities

text: Combined

text: as

text: ceremonial

text: county

text: Devon

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: and

text: its

text: population

text: is

text: about

text: million

text: The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th centurywhen it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdomsuntil 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: England

text: was

text: sovereign

text: state

text: on

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: from

text: the

text: centurywhen

text: it

text: emerged

text: from

text: various

text: Anglo

text: Saxon

text: kingdomsuntil

text: when

text: it

text: united

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. The Acts created a new unified Kingdom of Great Britain and dissolved the separate English and Scottish parliaments in favour of a single parliament, located in the former home of the English parliament in the Palace of Westminster, near the City of London. This lasted nearly a century, until the Acts of Union 1800 merged the separate British and Irish Parliaments into a single Parliament of the United Kingdom with effect from 1 January 1801.

text: The

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: following

text: the

text: ratification

text: of

text: the

text: Acts

text: of

text: Union

text: by

text: both

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: Scotland

text: The

text: Acts

text: created

text: new

text: unified

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: dissolved

text: the

text: separate

text: English

text: and

text: Scottish

text: parliaments

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: single

text: parliament

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: former

text: home

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: parliament

text: in

text: the

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: near

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: This

text: lasted

text: nearly

text: century

text: until

text: the

text: Acts

text: of

text: Union

text: merged

text: the

text: separate

text: British

text: and

text: Irish

text: Parliaments

text: into

text: single

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: with

text: effect

text: from

text: January

text: The Palace of Westminster is the meeting place of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Commonly known as the Houses of Parliament after its occupants, it is also known as the 'heart of British politics'. The Palace lies on the north bank of the River Thames in the City of Westminster, in central London.

text: The

text: Palace

text: of

text: Westminster

text: is

text: the

text: meeting

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Commons

text: and

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Lords

text: the

text: two

text: houses

text: of

text: the

text: Parliament

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Houses

text: of

text: Parliament

text: after

text: its

text: occupants

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: heart

text: of

text: British

text: politics

text: The

text: Palace

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Westminster

text: in

text: central

text: London

text: The Celtic Sea (; ) is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the south coast of Ireland bounded to the east by Saint George's Channel; other limits include the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, Devon, and Brittany. The southern and western boundaries are delimited by the continental shelf, which drops away sharply. The Isles of Scilly are an archipelago of small islands in the sea.

text: The

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: off

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: of

text: Ireland

text: bounded

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Saint

text: George

text: 's

text: Channel

text: other

text: limits

text: include

text: the

text: Bristol

text: Channel

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Biscay

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: adjacent

text: portions

text: of

text: Wales

text: Cornwall

text: Devon

text: and

text: Brittany

text: The

text: southern

text: and

text: western

text: boundaries

text: are

text: delimited

text: by

text: the

text: continental

text: shelf

text: which

text: drops

text: away

text: sharply

text: The

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: are

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: small

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: sea

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

candidates: united kingdom of great britain and ireland

question: country grampound

answer: united kingdom of great britain and ireland

text: united kingdom of great britain and ireland


text:
Irony, in its broadest sense, is a rhetorical device, literary technique, or event in which what appears, on the surface, to be the case, differs radically from what is actually the case. Irony may be divided into categories such as verbal, dramatic, and situational.
Verbal, dramatic, and situational irony are often used for emphasis in the assertion of a truth. The ironic form of simile, used in sarcasm, and some forms of litotes can emphasize one's meaning by the deliberate use of language which states the opposite of the truth, denies the contrary of the truth, or drastically and obviously understates a factual connection.

text: Irony

text: in

text: its

text: broadest

text: sense

text: is

text: rhetorical

text: device

text: literary

text: technique

text: or

text: event

text: in

text: which

text: what

text: appears

text: on

text: the

text: surface

text: to

text: be

text: the

text: case

text: differs

text: radically

text: from

text: what

text: is

text: actually

text: the

text: case

text: Irony

text: may

text: be

text: divided

text: into

text: categories

text: such

text: as

text: verbal

text: dramatic

text: and

text: situational

text: Verbal

text: dramatic

text: and

text: situational

text: irony

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: emphasis

text: in

text: the

text: assertion

text: of

text: truth

text: The

text: ironic

text: form

text: of

text: simile

text: used

text: in

text: sarcasm

text: and

text: some

text: forms

text: of

text: litotes

text: can

text: emphasize

text: one

text: 's

text: meaning

text: by

text: the

text: deliberate

text: use

text: of

text: language

text: which

text: states

text: the

text: opposite

text: of

text: the

text: truth

text: denies

text: the

text: contrary

text: of

text: the

text: truth

text: or

text: drastically

text: and

text: obviously

text: understates

text: factual

text: connection

text: A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession. The process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. A film is created by photographing actual scenes with a motion picture camera; by photographing drawings or miniature models using traditional animation techniques; by means of CGI and computer animation; or by a combination of some or all of these techniques and other visual effects.

text: film

text: also

text: called

text: movie

text: motion

text: picture

text: theatrical

text: film

text: or

text: photoplay

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: still

text: images

text: which

text: when

text: shown

text: on

text: screen

text: creates

text: the

text: illusion

text: of

text: moving

text: images

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: phi

text: phenomenon

text: This

text: optical

text: illusion

text: causes

text: the

text: audience

text: to

text: perceive

text: continuous

text: motion

text: between

text: separate

text: objects

text: viewed

text: rapidly

text: in

text: succession

text: The

text: process

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: is

text: both

text: an

text: art

text: and

text: an

text: industry

text: film

text: is

text: created

text: by

text: photographing

text: actual

text: scenes

text: with

text: motion

text: picture

text: camera

text: by

text: photographing

text: drawings

text: or

text: miniature

text: models

text: using

text: traditional

text: animation

text: techniques

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: CGI

text: and

text: computer

text: animation

text: or

text: by

text: combination

text: of

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: these

text: techniques

text: and

text: other

text: visual

text: effects

text: Yeralash ( Russian :  ) is a Russian ( formerly Soviet ) children 's comedy TV show and children 's comedy magazine . Yeralash also runs an actor studio and the `` Yeralash Island '' camp . The word eralash means `` mixed , mishmash '' and is taken from the Turkic languages .

text: Yeralash

text: Russian

text: is

text: Russian

text: formerly

text: Soviet

text: children

text: 's

text: comedy

text: TV

text: show

text: and

text: children

text: 's

text: comedy

text: magazine

text: Yeralash

text: also

text: runs

text: an

text: actor

text: studio

text: and

text: the

text: Yeralash

text: Island

text: camp

text: The

text: word

text: eralash

text: means

text: mixed

text: mishmash

text: and

text: is

text: taken

text: from

text: the

text: Turkic

text: languages

text: Satire is a genre of literature, and sometimes graphic and performing arts, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit to draw attention to both particular and wider issues in society.

text: Satire

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: literature

text: and

text: sometimes

text: graphic

text: and

text: performing

text: arts

text: in

text: which

text: vices

text: follies

text: abuses

text: and

text: shortcomings

text: are

text: held

text: up

text: to

text: ridicule

text: ideally

text: with

text: the

text: intent

text: of

text: shaming

text: individuals

text: corporations

text: government

text: or

text: society

text: itself

text: into

text: improvement

text: Although

text: satire

text: is

text: usually

text: meant

text: to

text: be

text: humorous

text: its

text: greater

text: purpose

text: is

text: often

text: constructive

text: social

text: criticism

text: using

text: wit

text: to

text: draw

text: attention

text: to

text: both

text: particular

text: and

text: wider

text: issues

text: in

text: society

text: Genre (or ; from French "genre" , "kind" or "sort", from Latin "genus" (stem "gener-"), Greek , "gés")

text: Genre

text: or

text: from

text: French

text: genre

text: kind

text: or

text: sort

text: from

text: Latin

text: genus

text: stem

text: gener-

text: Greek

text: gés

text: In a modern sense, comedy (from the , "kmidía") refers to any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, television, film, and stand-up comedy. The origins of the term are found in Ancient Greece. In the Athenian democracy, the public opinion of voters was influenced by the political satire performed by the comic poets at the theaters. The theatrical genre of Greek comedy can be described as a dramatic performance which pits two groups or societies against each other in an amusing agon or conflict. Northrop Frye depicted these two opposing sides as a "Society of Youth" and a "Society of the Old". A revised view characterizes the essential agon of comedy as a struggle between a relatively powerless youth and the societal conventions that pose obstacles to his hopes. In this struggle, the youth is understood to be constrained by his lack of social authority, and is left with little choice but to take recourse in ruses which engender very dramatic irony which provokes laughter.

text: In

text: modern

text: sense

text: comedy

text: from

text: the

text: kmidía

text: refers

text: to

text: any

text: discourse

text: or

text: work

text: generally

text: intended

text: to

text: be

text: humorous

text: or

text: amusing

text: by

text: inducing

text: laughter

text: especially

text: in

text: theatre

text: television

text: film

text: and

text: stand

text: up

text: comedy

text: The

text: origins

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: are

text: found

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: In

text: the

text: Athenian

text: democracy

text: the

text: public

text: opinion

text: of

text: voters

text: was

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: political

text: satire

text: performed

text: by

text: the

text: comic

text: poets

text: at

text: the

text: theaters

text: The

text: theatrical

text: genre

text: of

text: Greek

text: comedy

text: can

text: be

text: described

text: as

text: dramatic

text: performance

text: which

text: pits

text: two

text: groups

text: or

text: societies

text: against

text: each

text: other

text: in

text: an

text: amusing

text: agon

text: or

text: conflict

text: Northrop

text: Frye

text: depicted

text: these

text: two

text: opposing

text: sides

text: as

text: Society

text: of

text: Youth

text: and

text: Society

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: revised

text: view

text: characterizes

text: the

text: essential

text: agon

text: of

text: comedy

text: as

text: struggle

text: between

text: relatively

text: powerless

text: youth

text: and

text: the

text: societal

text: conventions

text: that

text: pose

text: obstacles

text: to

text: his

text: hopes

text: In

text: this

text: struggle

text: the

text: youth

text: is

text: understood

text: to

text: be

text: constrained

text: by

text: his

text: lack

text: of

text: social

text: authority

text: and

text: is

text: left

text: with

text: little

text: choice

text: but

text: to

text: take

text: recourse

text: in

text: ruses

text: which

text: engender

text: very

text: dramatic

text: irony

text: which

text: provokes

text: laughter

text: Television or TV is a telecommunication medium used for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black-and-white), or in color, and in two or three dimensions and sound. It can refer to a television set, a television program ("TV show"), or the medium of television transmission. Television is a mass medium, for entertainment, education, news, and advertising.

text: Television

text: or

text: TV

text: is

text: telecommunication

text: medium

text: used

text: for

text: transmitting

text: moving

text: images

text: in

text: monochrome

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: or

text: in

text: color

text: and

text: in

text: two

text: or

text: three

text: dimensions

text: and

text: sound

text: It

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: television

text: set

text: television

text: program

text: TV

text: show

text: or

text: the

text: medium

text: of

text: television

text: transmission

text: Television

text: is

text: mass

text: medium

text: for

text: entertainment

text: education

text: news

text: and

text: advertising

text:
The desires, wants, and thinking of the majority of the people  or the collective opinion of the people of a society or state on an issue or problem  is called public opinion.
The English term "public opinion" dates back to the seventeenth century work by John Locke, "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding", which contains an early consideration of the importance of public opinion in the ordering of politics. The term was derived from the French word "l'opinion", which was first used in 1588 by Michel de Montaigne.

text: The

text: desires

text: wants

text: and

text: thinking

text: of

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: or

text: the

text: collective

text: opinion

text: of

text: the

text: people

text: of

text: society

text: or

text: state

text: on

text: an

text: issue

text: or

text: problem

text: is

text: called

text: public

text: opinion

text: The

text: English

text: term

text: public

text: opinion

text: dates

text: back

text: to

text: the

text: seventeenth

text: century

text: work

text: by

text: John

text: Locke

text: An

text: Essay

text: Concerning

text: Human

text: Understanding

text: which

text: contains

text: an

text: early

text: consideration

text: of

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: public

text: opinion

text: in

text: the

text: ordering

text: of

text: politics

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: French

text: word

text: l'opinion

text: which

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: by

text: Michel

text: de

text: Montaigne

text: Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th-9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD). Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era. Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the period of Archaic Greece and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin. This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC. Due to the conquests by Alexander the Great of Macedonia, Hellenistic civilization flourished from Central Asia to the western end of the Mediterranean Sea. The Hellenistic period came to an end with the conquests and annexations of the eastern Mediterranean world by the Roman Republic, which established the Roman province of Macedonia in Roman Greece, and later the province of Achaea during the Roman Empire.

text: Ancient

text: Greece

text: was

text: civilization

text: belonging

text: to

text: period

text: of

text: Greek

text: history

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: Dark

text: Ages

text: of

text: the

text: centuries

text: BC

text: to

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: antiquity

text: AD

text: Immediately

text: following

text: this

text: period

text: was

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: Early

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: and

text: the

text: Byzantine

text: era

text: Roughly

text: three

text: centuries

text: after

text: the

text: Late

text: Bronze

text: Age

text: collapse

text: of

text: Mycenaean

text: Greece

text: Greek

text: urban

text: poleis

text: began

text: to

text: form

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BC

text: ushering

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Archaic

text: Greece

text: and

text: colonization

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: This

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Classical

text: Greece

text: an

text: era

text: that

text: began

text: with

text: the

text: Greco

text: Persian

text: Wars

text: lasting

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: conquests

text: by

text: Alexander

text: the

text: Great

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: Hellenistic

text: civilization

text: flourished

text: from

text: Central

text: Asia

text: to

text: the

text: western

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: The

text: Hellenistic

text: period

text: came

text: to

text: an

text: end

text: with

text: the

text: conquests

text: and

text: annexations

text: of

text: the

text: eastern

text: Mediterranean

text: world

text: by

text: the

text: Roman

text: Republic

text: which

text: established

text: the

text: Roman

text: province

text: of

text: Macedonia

text: in

text: Roman

text: Greece

text: and

text: later

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Achaea

text: during

text: the

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience. The specific place of the performance is also named by the word "theatre" as derived from the Ancient Greek  (théatron, "a place for viewing"), itself from  (theáomai, "to see", "to watch", "to observe").

text: Theatre

text: or

text: theater

text: is

text: collaborative

text: form

text: of

text: fine

text: art

text: that

text: uses

text: live

text: performers

text: typically

text: actors

text: or

text: actresses

text: to

text: present

text: the

text: experience

text: of

text: real

text: or

text: imagined

text: event

text: before

text: live

text: audience

text: in

text: specific

text: place

text: often

text: stage

text: The

text: performers

text: may

text: communicate

text: this

text: experience

text: to

text: the

text: audience

text: through

text: combinations

text: of

text: gesture

text: speech

text: song

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: Elements

text: of

text: art

text: such

text: as

text: painted

text: scenery

text: and

text: stagecraft

text: such

text: as

text: lighting

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: enhance

text: the

text: physicality

text: presence

text: and

text: immediacy

text: of

text: the

text: experience

text: The

text: specific

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: performance

text: is

text: also

text: named

text: by

text: the

text: word

text: theatre

text: as

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: théatron

text: place

text: for

text: viewing

text: itself

text: from

text: theáomai

text: to

text: see

text: to

text: watch

text: to

text: observe

text: Laughter is a physical reaction in humans and some other species of primate, consisting typically of rhythmical, often audible contractions of the diaphragm and other parts of the respiratory system. It is a response to certain external or internal stimuli. Laughter can arise from such activities as being tickled, or from humorous stories or thoughts. Most commonly, it is considered a visual expression of a number of positive emotional states, such as joy, mirth, happiness, relief, etc. On some occasions, however, it may be caused by contrary emotional states such as embarrassment, apology, or confusion such as nervous laughter or courtesy laugh. Age, gender, education, language, and culture are all factors as to whether a person will experience laughter in a given situation.

text: Laughter

text: is

text: physical

text: reaction

text: in

text: humans

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: species

text: of

text: primate

text: consisting

text: typically

text: of

text: rhythmical

text: often

text: audible

text: contractions

text: of

text: the

text: diaphragm

text: and

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: respiratory

text: system

text: It

text: is

text: response

text: to

text: certain

text: external

text: or

text: internal

text: stimuli

text: Laughter

text: can

text: arise

text: from

text: such

text: activities

text: as

text: being

text: tickled

text: or

text: from

text: humorous

text: stories

text: or

text: thoughts

text: Most

text: commonly

text: it

text: is

text: considered

text: visual

text: expression

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: positive

text: emotional

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: joy

text: mirth

text: happiness

text: relief

text: etc

text: On

text: some

text: occasions

text: however

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: caused

text: by

text: contrary

text: emotional

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: embarrassment

text: apology

text: or

text: confusion

text: such

text: as

text: nervous

text: laughter

text: or

text: courtesy

text: laugh

text: Age

text: gender

text: education

text: language

text: and

text: culture

text: are

text: all

text: factors

text: as

text: to

text: whether

text: person

text: will

text: experience

text: laughter

text: in

text: given

text: situation

text: Agon (Classical Greek ) is an ancient Greek term for a struggle or contest. This could be a contest in athletics, in chariot or horse racing, or in music or literature at a public festival in ancient Greece.

text: Agon

text: Classical

text: Greek

text: is

text: an

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: term

text: for

text: struggle

text: or

text: contest

text: This

text: could

text: be

text: contest

text: in

text: athletics

text: in

text: chariot

text: or

text: horse

text: racing

text: or

text: in

text: music

text: or

text: literature

text: at

text: public

text: festival

text: in

text: ancient

text: Greece

text: Stand-up comedy is a comic style in which a comedian performs in front of a live audience, usually speaking directly to them. The performer is commonly known as a comic, stand-up comic, stand-up comedian, or simply a stand-up. In stand-up comedy, the comedian usually recites a grouping of humorous stories, jokes and one-liners typically called a monologue, routine, or act. Some stand-up comedians use props, music, or magic tricks to "enhance" their acts. Stand-up comedy is often performed in comedy clubs, bars and pubs, nightclubs, neo-burlesques, colleges and theatres. Outside of live performance, stand-up is often distributed commercially via television, DVD, CD and the internet.

text: Stand

text: up

text: comedy

text: is

text: comic

text: style

text: in

text: which

text: comedian

text: performs

text: in

text: front

text: of

text: live

text: audience

text: usually

text: speaking

text: directly

text: to

text: them

text: The

text: performer

text: is

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: comic

text: stand

text: up

text: comic

text: stand

text: up

text: comedian

text: or

text: simply

text: stand

text: up

text: In

text: stand

text: up

text: comedy

text: the

text: comedian

text: usually

text: recites

text: grouping

text: of

text: humorous

text: stories

text: jokes

text: and

text: one

text: liners

text: typically

text: called

text: monologue

text: routine

text: or

text: act

text: Some

text: stand

text: up

text: comedians

text: use

text: props

text: music

text: or

text: magic

text: tricks

text: to

text: enhance

text: their

text: acts

text: Stand

text: up

text: comedy

text: is

text: often

text: performed

text: in

text: comedy

text: clubs

text: bars

text: and

text: pubs

text: nightclubs

text: neo

text: burlesques

text: colleges

text: and

text: theatres

text: Outside

text: of

text: live

text: performance

text: stand

text: up

text: is

text: often

text: distributed

text: commercially

text: via

text: television

text: DVD

text: CD

text: and

text: the

text: internet

text: Political satire is a significant part of satire that specializes in gaining entertainment from politics; it has also been used with subversive intent where political speech and dissent are forbidden by a regime, as a method of advancing political arguments where such arguments are expressly forbidden.

text: Political

text: satire

text: is

text: significant

text: part

text: of

text: satire

text: that

text: specializes

text: in

text: gaining

text: entertainment

text: from

text: politics

text: it

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: used

text: with

text: subversive

text: intent

text: where

text: political

text: speech

text: and

text: dissent

text: are

text: forbidden

text: by

text: regime

text: as

text: method

text: of

text: advancing

text: political

text: arguments

text: where

text: such

text: arguments

text: are

text: expressly

text: forbidden

annotations: likely single

annotations: likely multiple

question: genre yeralash

answer: satire

text: satire

text: satire

text: satire

text: satire

text: satire