text: Vitis (grapevines) is a genus of 79 accepted species of vining plants in the flowering plant family Vitaceae. The genus is made up of species predominantly from the Northern hemisphere. It is economically important as the source of grapes, both for direct consumption of the fruit and for fermentation to produce wine. The study and cultivation of grapevines is called viticulture.

text: Vitis

text: grapevines

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: accepted

text: species

text: of

text: vining

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: flowering

text: plant

text: family

text: Vitaceae

text: The

text: genus

text: is

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: species

text: predominantly

text: from

text: the

text: Northern

text: hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: economically

text: important

text: as

text: the

text: source

text: of

text: grapes

text: both

text: for

text: direct

text: consumption

text: of

text: the

text: fruit

text: and

text: for

text: fermentation

text: to

text: produce

text: wine

text: The

text: study

text: and

text: cultivation

text: of

text: grapevines

text: is

text: called

text: viticulture

text: Jasmine (taxonomic name Jasminum ) is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family (Oleaceae). It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Eurasia, Australasia and Oceania. Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers. A number of unrelated plants contain the word "Jasmine" in their common names (see Other plants called "Jasmine").

text: Jasmine

text: taxonomic

text: name

text: Jasminum

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: shrubs

text: and

text: vines

text: in

text: the

text: olive

text: family

text: Oleaceae

text: It

text: contains

text: around

text: species

text: native

text: to

text: tropical

text: and

text: warm

text: temperate

text: regions

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Australasia

text: and

text: Oceania

text: Jasmines

text: are

text: widely

text: cultivated

text: for

text: the

text: characteristic

text: fragrance

text: of

text: their

text: flowers

text: number

text: of

text: unrelated

text: plants

text: contain

text: the

text: word

text: Jasmine

text: in

text: their

text: common

text: names

text: see

text: Other

text: plants

text: called

text: Jasmine

text: Jasminium dichotomum ( Gold Coast Jasmine ) is a species of jasmine , in the family Oleaceae . It is an evergreen climber which grows as a rambling shrub or woody vine . The flowers are quite fragrant and open at night , coloured pink when budding then white ; these appear at the leaf axils in cluster . It blooms year round . The leaves are opposite . The fleshy fruit is small . Jasminium dichotomum is native to tropical western and central Africa from Senegal east to Kenya and Ethiopia , south to Mozambique and Zambia , but it has been introduced to other regions and is reportedly naturalized in Florida and India . In Florida , this plant is an invasive weed ; introduced as an ornamental plant in the 1920 . Spreading from gardens in the 1970s , in areas with soil disturbance , the species began occupying hammocks and forests . Its vining habit can be trimmed in a dense shrub . Glossy leaves are very ornamental in contrast with dark pink buds and snow white flowers .

text: Jasminium

text: dichotomum

text: Gold

text: Coast

text: Jasmine

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: jasmine

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Oleaceae

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: evergreen

text: climber

text: which

text: grows

text: as

text: rambling

text: shrub

text: or

text: woody

text: vine

text: The

text: flowers

text: are

text: quite

text: fragrant

text: and

text: open

text: at

text: night

text: coloured

text: pink

text: when

text: budding

text: then

text: white

text: these

text: appear

text: at

text: the

text: leaf

text: axils

text: in

text: cluster

text: It

text: blooms

text: year

text: round

text: The

text: leaves

text: are

text: opposite

text: The

text: fleshy

text: fruit

text: is

text: small

text: Jasminium

text: dichotomum

text: is

text: native

text: to

text: tropical

text: western

text: and

text: central

text: Africa

text: from

text: Senegal

text: east

text: to

text: Kenya

text: and

text: Ethiopia

text: south

text: to

text: Mozambique

text: and

text: Zambia

text: but

text: it

text: has

text: been

text: introduced

text: to

text: other

text: regions

text: and

text: is

text: reportedly

text: naturalized

text: in

text: Florida

text: and

text: India

text: In

text: Florida

text: this

text: plant

text: is

text: an

text: invasive

text: weed

text: introduced

text: as

text: an

text: ornamental

text: plant

text: in

text: the

text: Spreading

text: from

text: gardens

text: in

text: the

text: in

text: areas

text: with

text: soil

text: disturbance

text: the

text: species

text: began

text: occupying

text: hammocks

text: and

text: forests

text: Its

text: vining

text: habit

text: can

text: be

text: trimmed

text: in

text: dense

text: shrub

text: Glossy

text: leaves

text: are

text: very

text: ornamental

text: in

text: contrast

text: with

text: dark

text: pink

text: buds

text: and

text: snow

text: white

text: flowers

text: Forsythia (or ) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae (olive family). There are about 11 species, mostly native to eastern Asia, but one native to southeastern Europe. The common name is also forsythia; the genus is named after William Forsyth.

text: Forsythia

text: or

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Oleaceae

text: olive

text: family

text: There

text: are

text: about

text: species

text: mostly

text: native

text: to

text: eastern

text: Asia

text: but

text: one

text: native

text: to

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: The

text: common

text: name

text: is

text: also

text: forsythia

text: the

text: genus

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: William

text: Forsyth

text: The flowering plants (angiosperms), also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 416 families, approx. 13,164 known genera and a total of c. 295,383 known species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants; they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. Etymologically, angiosperm means a plant that produces seeds within an enclosure, in other words, a fruiting plant. The term "angiosperm" comes from the Greek composite word ("angeion", "case" or "casing", and "sperma", "seed") meaning "enclosed seeds", after the enclosed condition of the seeds.

text: The

text: flowering

text: plants

text: angiosperms

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Angiospermae

text: or

text: Magnoliophyta

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: diverse

text: group

text: of

text: land

text: plants

text: with

text: families

text: approx

text: known

text: genera

text: and

text: total

text: of

text: known

text: species

text: Like

text: gymnosperms

text: angiosperms

text: are

text: seed

text: producing

text: plants

text: they

text: are

text: distinguished

text: from

text: gymnosperms

text: by

text: characteristics

text: including

text: flowers

text: endosperm

text: within

text: the

text: seeds

text: and

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: fruits

text: that

text: contain

text: the

text: seeds

text: Etymologically

text: angiosperm

text: means

text: plant

text: that

text: produces

text: seeds

text: within

text: an

text: enclosure

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: fruiting

text: plant

text: The

text: term

text: angiosperm

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: composite

text: word

text: angeion

text: case

text: or

text: casing

text: and

text: sperma

text: seed

text: meaning

text: enclosed

text: seeds

text: after

text: the

text: enclosed

text: condition

text: of

text: the

text: seeds

text: Australasia, a region of Oceania, comprises Australia, New Zealand, the island of New Guinea, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. Charles de Brosses coined the term (as French "Australasie") in "Histoire des navigations aux terres australes" (1756). He derived it from the Latin for "south of Asia" and differentiated the area from Polynesia (to the east) and the southeast Pacific (Magellanica). The bulk of Australasia sits on the Indo-Australian Plate, together with India.

text: Australasia

text: region

text: of

text: Oceania

text: comprises

text: Australia

text: New

text: Zealand

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: and

text: neighbouring

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Charles

text: de

text: Brosses

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: as

text: French

text: Australasie

text: in

text: Histoire

text: des

text: navigations

text: aux

text: terres

text: australes

text: He

text: derived

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: for

text: south

text: of

text: Asia

text: and

text: differentiated

text: the

text: area

text: from

text: Polynesia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: southeast

text: Pacific

text: Magellanica

text: The

text: bulk

text: of

text: Australasia

text: sits

text: on

text: the

text: Indo

text: Australian

text: Plate

text: together

text: with

text: India

text: A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in plants that are floral (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower). Some flowers produce diaspores without fertilization (parthenocarpy). Flowers contain sporangia and are the site where gametophytes develop. Many flowers have evolved to be attractive to animals, so as to cause them to be vectors for the transfer of pollen. After fertilization, the ovary of the flower develops into fruit containing seeds.

text: flower

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: bloom

text: or

text: blossom

text: is

text: the

text: reproductive

text: structure

text: found

text: in

text: plants

text: that

text: are

text: floral

text: plants

text: of

text: the

text: division

text: Magnoliophyta

text: also

text: called

text: angiosperms

text: The

text: biological

text: function

text: of

text: flower

text: is

text: to

text: effect

text: reproduction

text: usually

text: by

text: providing

text: mechanism

text: for

text: the

text: union

text: of

text: sperm

text: with

text: eggs

text: Flowers

text: may

text: facilitate

text: outcrossing

text: fusion

text: of

text: sperm

text: and

text: eggs

text: from

text: different

text: individuals

text: in

text: population

text: or

text: allow

text: selfing

text: fusion

text: of

text: sperm

text: and

text: egg

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: flower

text: Some

text: flowers

text: produce

text: diaspores

text: without

text: fertilization

text: parthenocarpy

text: Flowers

text: contain

text: sporangia

text: and

text: are

text: the

text: site

text: where

text: gametophytes

text: develop

text: Many

text: flowers

text: have

text: evolved

text: to

text: be

text: attractive

text: to

text: animals

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: cause

text: them

text: to

text: be

text: vectors

text: for

text: the

text: transfer

text: of

text: pollen

text: After

text: fertilization

text: the

text: ovary

text: of

text: the

text: flower

text: develops

text: into

text: fruit

text: containing

text: seeds

text: Olea is a genus of about 40 species in the family Oleaceae, native to warm temperate and tropical regions of southern Europe, Africa, southern Asia and Australasia. They are evergreen trees and shrubs, with small, opposite, entire leaves. The fruit is a drupe. Leaves of "Olea" contain trichosclereids.

text: Olea

text: is

text: genus

text: of

text: about

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Oleaceae

text: native

text: to

text: warm

text: temperate

text: and

text: tropical

text: regions

text: of

text: southern

text: Europe

text: Africa

text: southern

text: Asia

text: and

text: Australasia

text: They

text: are

text: evergreen

text: trees

text: and

text: shrubs

text: with

text: small

text: opposite

text: entire

text: leaves

text: The

text: fruit

text: is

text: drupe

text: Leaves

text: of

text: Olea

text: contain

text: trichosclereids

text: A privet is a flowering plant in the genus Ligustrum. The genus contains about 50 species of erect, deciduous or evergreen shrubs, sometimes forming small or medium-sized trees, native to Europe, north Africa, Asia and Australasia. Some species have become widely naturalized or invasive where introduced. "Privet" was originally the name for the European semi-evergreen shrub "Ligustrum vulgare", and later also for the more reliably evergreen "Ligustrum ovalifolium" used extensively for privacy hedging, though now the name is applied to all members of the genus. The generic name was applied by Pliny the Elder (2379 CE) to "L. vulgare". It is often suggested that the name "privet" is related to "private", but the OED states that there is no evidence to support this.

text: privet

text: is

text: flowering

text: plant

text: in

text: the

text: genus

text: Ligustrum

text: The

text: genus

text: contains

text: about

text: species

text: of

text: erect

text: deciduous

text: or

text: evergreen

text: shrubs

text: sometimes

text: forming

text: small

text: or

text: medium

text: sized

text: trees

text: native

text: to

text: Europe

text: north

text: Africa

text: Asia

text: and

text: Australasia

text: Some

text: species

text: have

text: become

text: widely

text: naturalized

text: or

text: invasive

text: where

text: introduced

text: Privet

text: was

text: originally

text: the

text: name

text: for

text: the

text: European

text: semi

text: evergreen

text: shrub

text: Ligustrum

text: vulgare

text: and

text: later

text: also

text: for

text: the

text: more

text: reliably

text: evergreen

text: Ligustrum

text: ovalifolium

text: used

text: extensively

text: for

text: privacy

text: hedging

text: though

text: now

text: the

text: name

text: is

text: applied

text: to

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: genus

text: The

text: generic

text: name

text: was

text: applied

text: by

text: Pliny

text: the

text: Elder

text: CE

text: to

text: vulgare

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: suggested

text: that

text: the

text: name

text: privet

text: is

text: related

text: to

text: private

text: but

text: the

text: OED

text: states

text: that

text: there

text: is

text: no

text: evidence

text: to

text: support

text: this

text: A liana is any of various long-stemmed, woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy to get access to well-lit areas of the forest. Lianas are characteristic of tropical moist deciduous forests (especially seasonal forests), but may be found in temperate rainforests. There are also temperate lianas, for example the members of the "Clematis" or "Vitis" (wild grape) genera. Lianas can form bridges amidst the forest canopy, providing arboreal animals with paths across the forest. These bridges can protect weaker trees from strong winds. Lianas compete with forest trees for sunlight, water and nutrients from the soil.

text: liana

text: is

text: any

text: of

text: various

text: long

text: stemmed

text: woody

text: vines

text: that

text: are

text: rooted

text: in

text: the

text: soil

text: at

text: ground

text: level

text: and

text: use

text: trees

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: means

text: of

text: vertical

text: support

text: to

text: climb

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: canopy

text: to

text: get

text: access

text: to

text: well

text: lit

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: forest

text: Lianas

text: are

text: characteristic

text: of

text: tropical

text: moist

text: deciduous

text: forests

text: especially

text: seasonal

text: forests

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: temperate

text: rainforests

text: There

text: are

text: also

text: temperate

text: lianas

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Clematis

text: or

text: Vitis

text: wild

text: grape

text: genera

text: Lianas

text: can

text: form

text: bridges

text: amidst

text: the

text: forest

text: canopy

text: providing

text: arboreal

text: animals

text: with

text: paths

text: across

text: the

text: forest

text: These

text: bridges

text: can

text: protect

text: weaker

text: trees

text: from

text: strong

text: winds

text: Lianas

text: compete

text: with

text: forest

text: trees

text: for

text: sunlight

text: water

text: and

text: nutrients

text: from

text: the

text: soil

text: In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, supporting branches and leaves in most species. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. Trees are not a taxonomic group but include a variety of plant species that have independently evolved a woody trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. In looser senses, the taller palms, the tree ferns, bananas and bamboos are also trees. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. The tallest known tree, a coast redwood named Hyperion, stands high. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are just over 3 trillion mature trees in the world.

text: In

text: botany

text: tree

text: is

text: perennial

text: plant

text: with

text: an

text: elongated

text: stem

text: or

text: trunk

text: supporting

text: branches

text: and

text: leaves

text: in

text: most

text: species

text: In

text: some

text: usages

text: the

text: definition

text: of

text: tree

text: may

text: be

text: narrower

text: including

text: only

text: woody

text: plants

text: with

text: secondary

text: growth

text: plants

text: that

text: are

text: usable

text: as

text: lumber

text: or

text: plants

text: above

text: specified

text: height

text: Trees

text: are

text: not

text: taxonomic

text: group

text: but

text: include

text: variety

text: of

text: plant

text: species

text: that

text: have

text: independently

text: evolved

text: woody

text: trunk

text: and

text: branches

text: as

text: way

text: to

text: tower

text: above

text: other

text: plants

text: to

text: compete

text: for

text: sunlight

text: In

text: looser

text: senses

text: the

text: taller

text: palms

text: the

text: tree

text: ferns

text: bananas

text: and

text: bamboos

text: are

text: also

text: trees

text: Trees

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: long

text: lived

text: some

text: reaching

text: several

text: thousand

text: years

text: old

text: The

text: tallest

text: known

text: tree

text: coast

text: redwood

text: named

text: Hyperion

text: stands

text: high

text: Trees

text: have

text: been

text: in

text: existence

text: for

text: million

text: years

text: It

text: is

text: estimated

text: that

text: there

text: are

text: just

text: over

text: trillion

text: mature

text: trees

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Oceania (or ), also known as Oceanica, is a region centred on the islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean. Opinions of what constitutes Oceania range from its three subregions of Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia to, more broadly, the entire insular region between Southeast Asia and the Americas, including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago.

text: Oceania

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Oceanica

text: is

text: region

text: centred

text: on

text: the

text: islands

text: of

text: the

text: tropical

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: Opinions

text: of

text: what

text: constitutes

text: Oceania

text: range

text: from

text: its

text: three

text: subregions

text: of

text: Melanesia

text: Micronesia

text: and

text: Polynesia

text: to

text: more

text: broadly

text: the

text: entire

text: insular

text: region

text: between

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: including

text: Australasia

text: and

text: the

text: Malay

text: Archipelago

text: The Oleaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales. It presently comprises 26 genera, one of which is recently extinct. The 25 extant genera include "Cartrema", which was resurrected in 2012. The number of species in the Oleaceae is variously estimated in a wide range around 700. The Oleaceae consist of shrubs, trees, and a few lianas. The flowers are often numerous and highly odoriferous. The family has a subcosmopolitan distribution, ranging from the subarctic to the southernmost parts of Africa, Australia, and South America. Notable members of the Oleaceae include olive, ash, jasmine, and several popular ornamental plants including privet, forsythia, fringetrees, and lilac.

text: The

text: Oleaceae

text: are

text: family

text: of

text: flowering

text: plants

text: in

text: the

text: order

text: Lamiales

text: It

text: presently

text: comprises

text: genera

text: one

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: recently

text: extinct

text: The

text: extant

text: genera

text: include

text: Cartrema

text: which

text: was

text: resurrected

text: in

text: The

text: number

text: of

text: species

text: in

text: the

text: Oleaceae

text: is

text: variously

text: estimated

text: in

text: wide

text: range

text: around

text: The

text: Oleaceae

text: consist

text: of

text: shrubs

text: trees

text: and

text: few

text: lianas

text: The

text: flowers

text: are

text: often

text: numerous

text: and

text: highly

text: odoriferous

text: The

text: family

text: has

text: subcosmopolitan

text: distribution

text: ranging

text: from

text: the

text: subarctic

text: to

text: the

text: southernmost

text: parts

text: of

text: Africa

text: Australia

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: Notable

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Oleaceae

text: include

text: olive

text: ash

text: jasmine

text: and

text: several

text: popular

text: ornamental

text: plants

text: including

text: privet

text: forsythia

text: fringetrees

text: and

text: lilac

text: A shrub or bush is a small to medium-sized woody plant. It is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 6 m (20 ft) tall. Plants of many species may grow either into shrubs or trees, depending on their growing conditions. Small, low shrubs, generally less than 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, such as lavender, periwinkle and most small garden varieties of roses, are often termed subshrubs.

text: shrub

text: or

text: bush

text: is

text: small

text: to

text: medium

text: sized

text: woody

text: plant

text: It

text: is

text: distinguished

text: from

text: tree

text: by

text: its

text: multiple

text: stems

text: and

text: shorter

text: height

text: usually

text: under

text: ft

text: tall

text: Plants

text: of

text: many

text: species

text: may

text: grow

text: either

text: into

text: shrubs

text: or

text: trees

text: depending

text: on

text: their

text: growing

text: conditions

text: Small

text: low

text: shrubs

text: generally

text: less

text: than

text: ft

text: tall

text: such

text: as

text: lavender

text: periwinkle

text: and

text: most

text: small

text: garden

text: varieties

text: of

text: roses

text: are

text: often

text: termed

text: subshrubs

text: A vine (Latin "vnea" "grapevine", "vineyard", from "vnum" "wine") in the narrowest sense is the grapevine ("Vitis"), but more generally it can refer to any plant with a growth habit of trailing or (that is, climbing) stems or runners. The word also can refer to such stems or runners themselves, for instance when used in wicker work.

text: vine

text: Latin

text: vnea

text: grapevine

text: vineyard

text: from

text: vnum

text: wine

text: in

text: the

text: narrowest

text: sense

text: is

text: the

text: grapevine

text: Vitis

text: but

text: more

text: generally

text: it

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: any

text: plant

text: with

text: growth

text: habit

text: of

text: trailing

text: or

text: that

text: is

text: climbing

text: stems

text: or

text: runners

text: The

text: word

text: also

text: can

text: refer

text: to

text: such

text: stems

text: or

text: runners

text: themselves

text: for

text: instance

text: when

text: used

text: in

text: wicker

text: work

text: The Lamiales are an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes about 24,000 species divided into about 20 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, garden sage, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.

text: The

text: Lamiales

text: are

text: an

text: order

text: in

text: the

text: asterid

text: group

text: of

text: dicotyledonous

text: flowering

text: plants

text: It

text: includes

text: about

text: species

text: divided

text: into

text: about

text: families

text: Well

text: known

text: or

text: economically

text: important

text: members

text: of

text: this

text: order

text: include

text: lavender

text: lilac

text: olive

text: jasmine

text: the

text: ash

text: tree

text: teak

text: snapdragon

text: sesame

text: psyllium

text: garden

text: sage

text: and

text: number

text: of

text: table

text: herbs

text: such

text: as

text: mint

text: basil

text: and

text: rosemary

text: Wicker is a material made of plant stalks, branches or shoots formed by a kind of weaving into a rigid material, most often used for baskets or furniture. Wicker is traditionally made of material of plant origin, but plastic fibers are now also used. Wicker is light yet sturdy, making it suitable for furniture that will be moved often like porch and patio furniture. A variety of plants are used such as reeds, grasses (including bamboo), creepers (including rattan), and thin tree branches (especially willow). Rushwork and wickerwork are terms used in England.

text: Wicker

text: is

text: material

text: made

text: of

text: plant

text: stalks

text: branches

text: or

text: shoots

text: formed

text: by

text: kind

text: of

text: weaving

text: into

text: rigid

text: material

text: most

text: often

text: used

text: for

text: baskets

text: or

text: furniture

text: Wicker

text: is

text: traditionally

text: made

text: of

text: material

text: of

text: plant

text: origin

text: but

text: plastic

text: fibers

text: are

text: now

text: also

text: used

text: Wicker

text: is

text: light

text: yet

text: sturdy

text: making

text: it

text: suitable

text: for

text: furniture

text: that

text: will

text: be

text: moved

text: often

text: like

text: porch

text: and

text: patio

text: furniture

text: variety

text: of

text: plants

text: are

text: used

text: such

text: as

text: reeds

text: grasses

text: including

text: bamboo

text: creepers

text: including

text: rattan

text: and

text: thin

text: tree

text: branches

text: especially

text: willow

text: Rushwork

text: and

text: wickerwork

text: are

text: terms

text: used

text: in

text: England

text: The olive, known by the botanical name Olea europaea, meaning "European olive", is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, found in the Mediterranean Basin from Portugal to the Levant, the Arabian Peninsula, and southern Asia as far east as China, as well as the Canary Islands, Mauritius and Réunion. The species is cultivated in many places and considered naturalized in all the countries of the Mediterranean coast, as well as in Argentina, Saudi Arabia, Java, Norfolk Island, California and Bermuda.

text: The

text: olive

text: known

text: by

text: the

text: botanical

text: name

text: Olea

text: europaea

text: meaning

text: European

text: olive

text: is

text: species

text: of

text: small

text: tree

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Oleaceae

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: from

text: Portugal

text: to

text: the

text: Levant

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: southern

text: Asia

text: as

text: far

text: east

text: as

text: China

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Canary

text: Islands

text: Mauritius

text: and

text: Réunion

text: The

text: species

text: is

text: cultivated

text: in

text: many

text: places

text: and

text: considered

text: naturalized

text: in

text: all

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: Argentina

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Java

text: Norfolk

text: Island

text: California

text: and

text: Bermuda

question: parent_taxon jasminum dichotomum

answer: jasminum

text: jasminum


text: Vertebrates comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 64,000 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) and the bony fish.

text: Vertebrates

text: comprise

text: all

text: species

text: of

text: animals

text: within

text: the

text: subphylum

text: Vertebrata

text: chordates

text: with

text: backbones

text: Vertebrates

text: represent

text: the

text: overwhelming

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: phylum

text: Chordata

text: with

text: currently

text: about

text: species

text: described

text: Vertebrates

text: include

text: the

text: jawless

text: fish

text: and

text: the

text: jawed

text: vertebrates

text: which

text: include

text: the

text: cartilaginous

text: fish

text: sharks

text: and

text: rays

text: and

text: the

text: bony

text: fish

text: Vasectomy is a surgical procedure for male sterilization or permanent contraception. During the procedure, the male vas deferens are severed and then tied or sealed in a manner so as to prevent sperm from entering into the ejaculate and thereby prevent fertilization. Vasectomies are usually performed in a physician's office, medical clinic, or, when performed on an animal, in a veterinary clinic hospitalization is not normally required as the procedure is not complicated, the incisions small, and the necessary equipment routine.

text: Vasectomy

text: is

text: surgical

text: procedure

text: for

text: male

text: sterilization

text: or

text: permanent

text: contraception

text: During

text: the

text: procedure

text: the

text: male

text: vas

text: deferens

text: are

text: severed

text: and

text: then

text: tied

text: or

text: sealed

text: in

text: manner

text: so

text: as

text: to

text: prevent

text: sperm

text: from

text: entering

text: into

text: the

text: ejaculate

text: and

text: thereby

text: prevent

text: fertilization

text: Vasectomies

text: are

text: usually

text: performed

text: in

text: physician

text: 's

text: office

text: medical

text: clinic

text: or

text: when

text: performed

text: on

text: an

text: animal

text: in

text: veterinary

text: clinic

text: hospitalization

text: is

text: not

text: normally

text: required

text: as

text: the

text: procedure

text: is

text: not

text: complicated

text: the

text: incisions

text: small

text: and

text: the

text: necessary

text: equipment

text: routine

text:
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.
Risk factors for developing breast cancer include being female, obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, early age at first menstruation, having children late or not at all, older age, and family history. About 510% of cases are due to genes inherited from a person's parents, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others. Breast cancer most commonly develops in cells from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas, while those developing from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas. In addition, there are more than 18 other sub-types of breast cancer. Some cancers, such as ductal carcinoma in situ, develop from pre-invasive lesions. The diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by taking a biopsy of the concerning lump. Once the diagnosis is made, further tests are done to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and which treatments it may respond to.
The balance of benefits versus harms of breast cancer screening is controversial. A 2013 Cochrane review stated that it is unclear if mammographic screening does more good or harm. A 2009 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force found evidence of benefit in those 40 to 70 years of age, and the organization recommends screening every two years in women 50 to 74 years old. The medications tamoxifen or raloxifene may be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer in those who are at high risk of developing it. Surgical removal of both breasts is another preventative measure in some high risk women. In those who have been diagnosed with cancer, a number of treatments may be used, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and targeted therapy. Types of surgery vary from breast-conserving surgery to mastectomy. Breast reconstruction may take place at the time of surgery or at a later date. In those in whom the cancer has spread to other parts of the body, treatments are mostly aimed at improving quality of life and comfort.
Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type, extent of disease, and person's age. Survival rates in the developed world are high, with between 80% and 90% of those in England and the United States alive for at least 5 years. In developing countries survival rates are poorer. Worldwide, breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women, accounting for 25% of all cases. In 2012 it resulted in 1.68 million cases and 522,000 deaths. It is more common in developed countries and is more than 100 times more common in women than in men.

text: Breast

text: cancer

text: is

text: cancer

text: that

text: develops

text: from

text: breast

text: tissue

text: Signs

text: of

text: breast

text: cancer

text: may

text: include

text: lump

text: in

text: the

text: breast

text: change

text: in

text: breast

text: shape

text: dimpling

text: of

text: the

text: skin

text: fluid

text: coming

text: from

text: the

text: nipple

text: or

text: red

text: scaly

text: patch

text: of

text: skin

text: In

text: those

text: with

text: distant

text: spread

text: of

text: the

text: disease

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: bone

text: pain

text: swollen

text: lymph

text: nodes

text: shortness

text: of

text: breath

text: or

text: yellow

text: skin

text: Risk

text: factors

text: for

text: developing

text: breast

text: cancer

text: include

text: being

text: female

text: obesity

text: lack

text: of

text: physical

text: exercise

text: drinking

text: alcohol

text: hormone

text: replacement

text: therapy

text: during

text: menopause

text: ionizing

text: radiation

text: early

text: age

text: at

text: first

text: menstruation

text: having

text: children

text: late

text: or

text: not

text: at

text: all

text: older

text: age

text: and

text: family

text: history

text: About

text: of

text: cases

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: genes

text: inherited

text: from

text: person

text: 's

text: parents

text: including

text: and

text: among

text: others

text: Breast

text: cancer

text: most

text: commonly

text: develops

text: in

text: cells

text: from

text: the

text: lining

text: of

text: milk

text: ducts

text: and

text: the

text: lobules

text: that

text: supply

text: the

text: ducts

text: with

text: milk

text: Cancers

text: developing

text: from

text: the

text: ducts

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: ductal

text: carcinomas

text: while

text: those

text: developing

text: from

text: lobules

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: lobular

text: carcinomas

text: In

text: addition

text: there

text: are

text: more

text: than

text: other

text: sub

text: types

text: of

text: breast

text: cancer

text: Some

text: cancers

text: such

text: as

text: ductal

text: carcinoma

text: in

text: situ

text: develop

text: from

text: pre

text: invasive

text: lesions

text: The

text: diagnosis

text: of

text: breast

text: cancer

text: is

text: confirmed

text: by

text: taking

text: biopsy

text: of

text: the

text: concerning

text: lump

text: Once

text: the

text: diagnosis

text: is

text: made

text: further

text: tests

text: are

text: done

text: to

text: determine

text: if

text: the

text: cancer

text: has

text: spread

text: beyond

text: the

text: breast

text: and

text: which

text: treatments

text: it

text: may

text: respond

text: to

text: The

text: balance

text: of

text: benefits

text: versus

text: harms

text: of

text: breast

text: cancer

text: screening

text: is

text: controversial

text: Cochrane

text: review

text: stated

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: unclear

text: if

text: mammographic

text: screening

text: does

text: more

text: good

text: or

text: harm

text: review

text: for

text: the

text: US

text: Preventive

text: Services

text: Task

text: Force

text: found

text: evidence

text: of

text: benefit

text: in

text: those

text: to

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: and

text: the

text: organization

text: recommends

text: screening

text: every

text: two

text: years

text: in

text: women

text: to

text: years

text: old

text: The

text: medications

text: tamoxifen

text: or

text: raloxifene

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: an

text: effort

text: to

text: prevent

text: breast

text: cancer

text: in

text: those

text: who

text: are

text: at

text: high

text: risk

text: of

text: developing

text: it

text: Surgical

text: removal

text: of

text: both

text: breasts

text: is

text: another

text: preventative

text: measure

text: in

text: some

text: high

text: risk

text: women

text: In

text: those

text: who

text: have

text: been

text: diagnosed

text: with

text: cancer

text: number

text: of

text: treatments

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: including

text: surgery

text: radiation

text: therapy

text: chemotherapy

text: hormonal

text: therapy

text: and

text: targeted

text: therapy

text: Types

text: of

text: surgery

text: vary

text: from

text: breast

text: conserving

text: surgery

text: to

text: mastectomy

text: Breast

text: reconstruction

text: may

text: take

text: place

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: surgery

text: or

text: at

text: later

text: date

text: In

text: those

text: in

text: whom

text: the

text: cancer

text: has

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: treatments

text: are

text: mostly

text: aimed

text: at

text: improving

text: quality

text: of

text: life

text: and

text: comfort

text: Outcomes

text: for

text: breast

text: cancer

text: vary

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: cancer

text: type

text: extent

text: of

text: disease

text: and

text: person

text: 's

text: age

text: Survival

text: rates

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: are

text: high

text: with

text: between

text: and

text: of

text: those

text: in

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: alive

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: In

text: developing

text: countries

text: survival

text: rates

text: are

text: poorer

text: Worldwide

text: breast

text: cancer

text: is

text: the

text: leading

text: type

text: of

text: cancer

text: in

text: women

text: accounting

text: for

text: of

text: all

text: cases

text: In

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: million

text: cases

text: and

text: deaths

text: It

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: and

text: is

text: more

text: than

text: times

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: women

text: than

text: in

text: men

text: The male reproductive system consists of a number of sex organs that play a role in the process of human reproduction. These organs are located on the outside of the body and within the pelvis.

text: The

text: male

text: reproductive

text: system

text: consists

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: sex

text: organs

text: that

text: play

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: process

text: of

text: human

text: reproduction

text: These

text: organs

text: are

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: pelvis

text: Ejaculation is the discharge of semen (normally containing sperm) from the male reproductory tract, usually accompanied by orgasm. It is the final stage and natural objective of male sexual stimulation, and an essential component of natural conception. In rare cases, ejaculation occurs because of prostatic disease. Ejaculation may also occur spontaneously during sleep (a nocturnal emission or "wet dream"). "Anejaculation" is the condition of being unable to ejaculate. "Dysejaculation" is an ejaculation that is painful or uncomfortable.

text: Ejaculation

text: is

text: the

text: discharge

text: of

text: semen

text: normally

text: containing

text: sperm

text: from

text: the

text: male

text: reproductory

text: tract

text: usually

text: accompanied

text: by

text: orgasm

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: final

text: stage

text: and

text: natural

text: objective

text: of

text: male

text: sexual

text: stimulation

text: and

text: an

text: essential

text: component

text: of

text: natural

text: conception

text: In

text: rare

text: cases

text: ejaculation

text: occurs

text: because

text: of

text: prostatic

text: disease

text: Ejaculation

text: may

text: also

text: occur

text: spontaneously

text: during

text: sleep

text: nocturnal

text: emission

text: or

text: wet

text: dream

text: Anejaculation

text: is

text: the

text: condition

text: of

text: being

text: unable

text: to

text: ejaculate

text: Dysejaculation

text: is

text: an

text: ejaculation

text: that

text: is

text: painful

text: or

text: uncomfortable

text: The vas deferens (Latin: "carrying-away vessel"; plural: vasa deferentia), also called ductus deferens (Latin: "carrying-away duct"; plural: ductus deferentes), is part of the male reproductive system of many vertebrates; these vasa transport sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts in anticipation of ejaculation.

text: The

text: vas

text: deferens

text: Latin

text: carrying

text: away

text: vessel

text: plural

text: vasa

text: deferentia

text: also

text: called

text: ductus

text: deferens

text: Latin

text: carrying

text: away

text: duct

text: plural

text: ductus

text: deferentes

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: male

text: reproductive

text: system

text: of

text: many

text: vertebrates

text: these

text: vasa

text: transport

text: sperm

text: from

text: the

text: epididymis

text: to

text: the

text: ejaculatory

text: ducts

text: in

text: anticipation

text: of

text: ejaculation

text: Carcinoma is a type of cancer that develops from epithelial cells. Specifically, a carcinoma is a cancer that begins in a tissue that lines the inner or outer surfaces of the body, and that generally arises from cells originating in the endodermal or ectodermal germ layer during embryogenesis.

text: Carcinoma

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: cancer

text: that

text: develops

text: from

text: epithelial

text: cells

text: Specifically

text: carcinoma

text: is

text: cancer

text: that

text: begins

text: in

text: tissue

text: that

text: lines

text: the

text: inner

text: or

text: outer

text: surfaces

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: and

text: that

text: generally

text: arises

text: from

text: cells

text: originating

text: in

text: the

text: endodermal

text: or

text: ectodermal

text: germ

text: layer

text: during

text: embryogenesis

text:
Esophageal cancer is cancer arising from the esophagusthe food pipe that runs between the throat and the stomach. Symptoms often include difficulty in swallowing and weight loss. Other symptoms may include pain when swallowing, a hoarse voice, enlarged lymph nodes ("glands") around the collarbone, a dry cough, and possibly coughing up or vomiting blood.
The two main sub-types of the disease are esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (often abbreviated to ESCC), which is more common in the developing world, and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), which is more common in the developed world. A number of less common types also occur. Squamous-cell carcinoma arises from the epithelial cells that line the esophagus. Adenocarcinoma arises from glandular cells present in the lower third of the esophagus, often where they have already transformed to intestinal cell type (a condition known as Barrett's esophagus). Causes of the squamous-cell type include tobacco, alcohol, very hot drinks, poor diet, and chewing betel nut. The most common causes of the adenocarcinoma type are smoking tobacco, obesity, and acid reflux.
The disease is diagnosed by biopsy done by an endoscope (a fiberoptic camera). Prevention includes stopping smoking and eating a healthy diet. Treatment is based on the cancer's stage and location, together with the person's general condition and individual preferences. Small localized squamous-cell cancers may be treated with surgery alone with the hope of a cure. In most other cases, chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy is used along with surgery. Larger tumors may have their growth slowed with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In the presence of extensive disease or if the affected person is not fit enough to undergo surgery, palliative care is often recommended.
As of 2012, esophageal cancer is the eighth-most common cancer globally with 456,000 new cases during the year. It caused about 400,000 deaths that year, up from 345,000 in 1990. Rates vary widely among countries, with about half of all cases occurring in China. It is around three times more common in men than in women. Outcomes are related to the extent of the disease and other medical conditions, but generally tend to be fairly poor, as diagnosis is often late. Five-year survival rates are around 13% to 18%.

text: Esophageal

text: cancer

text: is

text: cancer

text: arising

text: from

text: the

text: esophagusthe

text: food

text: pipe

text: that

text: runs

text: between

text: the

text: throat

text: and

text: the

text: stomach

text: Symptoms

text: often

text: include

text: difficulty

text: in

text: swallowing

text: and

text: weight

text: loss

text: Other

text: symptoms

text: may

text: include

text: pain

text: when

text: swallowing

text: hoarse

text: voice

text: enlarged

text: lymph

text: nodes

text: glands

text: around

text: the

text: collarbone

text: dry

text: cough

text: and

text: possibly

text: coughing

text: up

text: or

text: vomiting

text: blood

text: The

text: two

text: main

text: sub

text: types

text: of

text: the

text: disease

text: are

text: esophageal

text: squamous

text: cell

text: carcinoma

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: ESCC

text: which

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: and

text: esophageal

text: adenocarcinoma

text: EAC

text: which

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: number

text: of

text: less

text: common

text: types

text: also

text: occur

text: Squamous

text: cell

text: carcinoma

text: arises

text: from

text: the

text: epithelial

text: cells

text: that

text: line

text: the

text: esophagus

text: Adenocarcinoma

text: arises

text: from

text: glandular

text: cells

text: present

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: esophagus

text: often

text: where

text: they

text: have

text: already

text: transformed

text: to

text: intestinal

text: cell

text: type

text: condition

text: known

text: as

text: Barrett

text: 's

text: esophagus

text: Causes

text: of

text: the

text: squamous

text: cell

text: type

text: include

text: tobacco

text: alcohol

text: very

text: hot

text: drinks

text: poor

text: diet

text: and

text: chewing

text: betel

text: nut

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: causes

text: of

text: the

text: adenocarcinoma

text: type

text: are

text: smoking

text: tobacco

text: obesity

text: and

text: acid

text: reflux

text: The

text: disease

text: is

text: diagnosed

text: by

text: biopsy

text: done

text: by

text: an

text: endoscope

text: fiberoptic

text: camera

text: Prevention

text: includes

text: stopping

text: smoking

text: and

text: eating

text: healthy

text: diet

text: Treatment

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: cancer

text: 's

text: stage

text: and

text: location

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: person

text: 's

text: general

text: condition

text: and

text: individual

text: preferences

text: Small

text: localized

text: squamous

text: cell

text: cancers

text: may

text: be

text: treated

text: with

text: surgery

text: alone

text: with

text: the

text: hope

text: of

text: cure

text: In

text: most

text: other

text: cases

text: chemotherapy

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: radiation

text: therapy

text: is

text: used

text: along

text: with

text: surgery

text: Larger

text: tumors

text: may

text: have

text: their

text: growth

text: slowed

text: with

text: chemotherapy

text: and

text: radiation

text: therapy

text: In

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: extensive

text: disease

text: or

text: if

text: the

text: affected

text: person

text: is

text: not

text: fit

text: enough

text: to

text: undergo

text: surgery

text: palliative

text: care

text: is

text: often

text: recommended

text: As

text: of

text: esophageal

text: cancer

text: is

text: the

text: eighth

text: most

text: common

text: cancer

text: globally

text: with

text: new

text: cases

text: during

text: the

text: year

text: It

text: caused

text: about

text: deaths

text: that

text: year

text: up

text: from

text: in

text: Rates

text: vary

text: widely

text: among

text: countries

text: with

text: about

text: half

text: of

text: all

text: cases

text: occurring

text: in

text: China

text: It

text: is

text: around

text: three

text: times

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: men

text: than

text: in

text: women

text: Outcomes

text: are

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: of

text: the

text: disease

text: and

text: other

text: medical

text: conditions

text: but

text: generally

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: fairly

text: poor

text: as

text: diagnosis

text: is

text: often

text: late

text: Five

text: year

text: survival

text: rates

text: are

text: around

text: to

text: The epididymis (plural: epididymides or ) is a tube that connects a testicle to a vas deferens in the male reproductive system. It is present in all male reptiles, birds, and mammals. It is a single, narrow, tightly-coiled tube (in adult humans, six to seven feet in length) connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens.

text: The

text: epididymis

text: plural

text: epididymides

text: or

text: is

text: tube

text: that

text: connects

text: testicle

text: to

text: vas

text: deferens

text: in

text: the

text: male

text: reproductive

text: system

text: It

text: is

text: present

text: in

text: all

text: male

text: reptiles

text: birds

text: and

text: mammals

text: It

text: is

text: single

text: narrow

text: tightly

text: coiled

text: tube

text: in

text: adult

text: humans

text: six

text: to

text: seven

text: feet

text: in

text: length

text: connecting

text: the

text: efferent

text: ducts

text: from

text: the

text: rear

text: of

text: each

text: testicle

text: to

text: its

text: vas

text: deferens

text: The ejaculatory ducts ("ductus ejaculatorii") are paired structures in male anatomy. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and open into the urethra at the seminal colliculus. During ejaculation, semen passes through the prostate gland, enters the urethra and exits the body via the tip of the penis.

text: The

text: ejaculatory

text: ducts

text: ductus

text: ejaculatorii

text: are

text: paired

text: structures

text: in

text: male

text: anatomy

text: Each

text: ejaculatory

text: duct

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: union

text: of

text: the

text: vas

text: deferens

text: with

text: the

text: duct

text: of

text: the

text: seminal

text: vesicle

text: They

text: pass

text: through

text: the

text: prostate

text: and

text: open

text: into

text: the

text: urethra

text: at

text: the

text: seminal

text: colliculus

text: During

text: ejaculation

text: semen

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: prostate

text: gland

text: enters

text: the

text: urethra

text: and

text: exits

text: the

text: body

text: via

text: the

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: penis

text: A gland is an organ in an animal's body that synthesizes substances (such as hormones) for release into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).

text: gland

text: is

text: an

text: organ

text: in

text: an

text: animal

text: 's

text: body

text: that

text: synthesizes

text: substances

text: such

text: as

text: hormones

text: for

text: release

text: into

text: the

text: bloodstream

text: endocrine

text: gland

text: or

text: into

text: cavities

text: inside

text: the

text: body

text: or

text: its

text: outer

text: surface

text: exocrine

text: gland

text: Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word () "sperma" (meaning "seed"). In the types of sexual reproduction known as anisogamy and its subtype oogamy, there is a marked difference in the size of the gametes with the smaller one being termed the "male" or sperm cell. A uniflagellar sperm cell that is motile is referred to as a spermatozoon, whereas a non-motile sperm cell is referred to as a spermatium. Sperm cells cannot divide and have a limited life span, but after fusion with egg cells during fertilization, a new organism begins developing, starting as a totipotent zygote. The human sperm cell is haploid, so that its 23 chromosomes can join the 23 chromosomes of the female egg to form a diploid cell. In mammals, sperm develops in the testicles and is released from the penis. It is also possible to extract sperm through TESE. Some sperm banks hold up to of sperm.

text: Sperm

text: is

text: the

text: male

text: reproductive

text: cell

text: and

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: word

text: sperma

text: meaning

text: seed

text: In

text: the

text: types

text: of

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: known

text: as

text: anisogamy

text: and

text: its

text: subtype

text: oogamy

text: there

text: is

text: marked

text: difference

text: in

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: the

text: gametes

text: with

text: the

text: smaller

text: one

text: being

text: termed

text: the

text: male

text: or

text: sperm

text: cell

text: uniflagellar

text: sperm

text: cell

text: that

text: is

text: motile

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: spermatozoon

text: whereas

text: non

text: motile

text: sperm

text: cell

text: is

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: spermatium

text: Sperm

text: cells

text: can

text: not

text: divide

text: and

text: have

text: limited

text: life

text: span

text: but

text: after

text: fusion

text: with

text: egg

text: cells

text: during

text: fertilization

text: new

text: organism

text: begins

text: developing

text: starting

text: as

text: totipotent

text: zygote

text: The

text: human

text: sperm

text: cell

text: is

text: haploid

text: so

text: that

text: its

text: chromosomes

text: can

text: join

text: the

text: chromosomes

text: of

text: the

text: female

text: egg

text: to

text: form

text: diploid

text: cell

text: In

text: mammals

text: sperm

text: develops

text: in

text: the

text: testicles

text: and

text: is

text: released

text: from

text: the

text: penis

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: possible

text: to

text: extract

text: sperm

text: through

text: TESE

text: Some

text: sperm

text: banks

text: hold

text: up

text: to

text: of

text: sperm

text: Vasitis nodosa is a complication experienced in approximately 66 % of men who undergo vasectomy . It is a benign nodular thickening of the vas deferens , in which small off - shoots proliferate , infiltrating surrounding tissue . It can be mistaken for low - grade adenocarcinoma by pathologists , and is implicated in late vasectomy failure .

text: Vasitis

text: nodosa

text: is

text: complication

text: experienced

text: in

text: approximately

text: of

text: men

text: who

text: undergo

text: vasectomy

text: It

text: is

text: benign

text: nodular

text: thickening

text: of

text: the

text: vas

text: deferens

text: in

text: which

text: small

text: off

text: shoots

text: proliferate

text: infiltrating

text: surrounding

text: tissue

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: mistaken

text: for

text: low

text: grade

text: adenocarcinoma

text: by

text: pathologists

text: and

text: is

text: implicated

text: in

text: late

text: vasectomy

text: failure

text: Latin (Latin: ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets.

text: Latin

text: Latin

text: is

text: classical

text: language

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Italic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: languages

text: The

text: Latin

text: alphabet

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Etruscan

text: and

text: Greek

text: alphabets

text: Adenocarcinoma (plural adenocarcinomas or adenocarcinomata ) is a type of cancerous tumor that can occur in several parts of the body. It is defined as neoplasia of epithelial tissue that has glandular origin, glandular characteristics, or both. Adenocarcinomas are part of the larger grouping of carcinomas, but are also sometimes called by more precise terms omitting the word, where these exist. Thus invasive ductal carcinoma, the most common form of breast cancer, is adenocarcinoma but does not use the term in its namehowever, esophageal adenocarcinoma does to distinguish it from the other common type of esophageal cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Several of the most common forms of cancer are adenocarcinomas, and the various sorts of adenocarcinoma vary greatly in all their aspects, so that few useful generalizations can be made about them.

text: Adenocarcinoma

text: plural

text: adenocarcinomas

text: or

text: adenocarcinomata

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: cancerous

text: tumor

text: that

text: can

text: occur

text: in

text: several

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: It

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: neoplasia

text: of

text: epithelial

text: tissue

text: that

text: has

text: glandular

text: origin

text: glandular

text: characteristics

text: or

text: both

text: Adenocarcinomas

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: grouping

text: of

text: carcinomas

text: but

text: are

text: also

text: sometimes

text: called

text: by

text: more

text: precise

text: terms

text: omitting

text: the

text: word

text: where

text: these

text: exist

text: Thus

text: invasive

text: ductal

text: carcinoma

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: form

text: of

text: breast

text: cancer

text: is

text: adenocarcinoma

text: but

text: does

text: not

text: use

text: the

text: term

text: in

text: its

text: namehowever

text: esophageal

text: adenocarcinoma

text: does

text: to

text: distinguish

text: it

text: from

text: the

text: other

text: common

text: type

text: of

text: esophageal

text: cancer

text: esophageal

text: squamous

text: cell

text: carcinoma

text: Several

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: forms

text: of

text: cancer

text: are

text: adenocarcinomas

text: and

text: the

text: various

text: sorts

text: of

text: adenocarcinoma

text: vary

text: greatly

text: in

text: all

text: their

text: aspects

text: so

text: that

text: few

text: useful

text: generalizations

text: can

text: be

text: made

text: about

text: them

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely single

question: instance_of vasitis nodosa

answer: disease

text: disease

text: disease

text: disease

text: disease

text: disease

text: disease

text: disease


text: Power metal is a subgenre of heavy metal combining characteristics of traditional metal with speed metal, often within symphonic context. Generally, power metal is characterized by a more uplifting sound, instead of the heaviness and dissonance prevalent in styles such as doom metal and death metal. Power metal bands usually have anthem-like songs with fantasy-based subject matter and strong choruses, thus creating a theatrical, dramatic and emotionally "powerful" sound. The term was first used in the middle of the 1980s and refers to two different but related styles: the first pioneered and largely practiced in North America with a harder sound similar to speed metal, and a later more widespread and popular style based in Europe (especially Scandinavia, Germany, Greece and Italy), South America (especially Brazil and Argentina) and Japan, with a lighter, more melodic sound and frequent use of keyboards.

text: Power

text: metal

text: is

text: subgenre

text: of

text: heavy

text: metal

text: combining

text: characteristics

text: of

text: traditional

text: metal

text: with

text: speed

text: metal

text: often

text: within

text: symphonic

text: context

text: Generally

text: power

text: metal

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: more

text: uplifting

text: sound

text: instead

text: of

text: the

text: heaviness

text: and

text: dissonance

text: prevalent

text: in

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: doom

text: metal

text: and

text: death

text: metal

text: Power

text: metal

text: bands

text: usually

text: have

text: anthem

text: like

text: songs

text: with

text: fantasy

text: based

text: subject

text: matter

text: and

text: strong

text: choruses

text: thus

text: creating

text: theatrical

text: dramatic

text: and

text: emotionally

text: powerful

text: sound

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: refers

text: to

text: two

text: different

text: but

text: related

text: styles

text: the

text: first

text: pioneered

text: and

text: largely

text: practiced

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: with

text: harder

text: sound

text: similar

text: to

text: speed

text: metal

text: and

text: later

text: more

text: widespread

text: and

text: popular

text: style

text: based

text: in

text: Europe

text: especially

text: Scandinavia

text: Germany

text: Greece

text: and

text: Italy

text: South

text: America

text: especially

text: Brazil

text: and

text: Argentina

text: and

text: Japan

text: with

text: lighter

text: more

text: melodic

text: sound

text: and

text: frequent

text: use

text: of

text: keyboards

text: A choir (also known as a chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers. Choral music, in turn, is the music written specifically for such an ensemble to perform. Choirs may perform music from the classical music repertoire, which spans from the Medieval era to the present, and/or popular music repertoire. Most choirs are led by a conductor, who leads the performances with arm and face gestures.

text: choir

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: chorale

text: or

text: chorus

text: is

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: of

text: singers

text: Choral

text: music

text: in

text: turn

text: is

text: the

text: music

text: written

text: specifically

text: for

text: such

text: an

text: ensemble

text: to

text: perform

text: Choirs

text: may

text: perform

text: music

text: from

text: the

text: classical

text: music

text: repertoire

text: which

text: spans

text: from

text: the

text: Medieval

text: era

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: and/or

text: popular

text: music

text: repertoire

text: Most

text: choirs

text: are

text: led

text: by

text: conductor

text: who

text: leads

text: the

text: performances

text: with

text: arm

text: and

text: face

text: gestures

text:
Symphonic metal is a subgenre of metal music which combines the characteristics of this genre, such as heavy drums and guitars, with different elements of classical music including symphonic instruments, choirs and on occasion, a full symphony orchestra. Keyboards reminiscent of power metal also often find a dominant place in this subgenre.
Symphonic metal bands often feature classically trained female vocalists, giving rise to the nickname opera metal or operatic metal, and it is not uncommon for them to feature a second vocalist performing growls, a more common characteristic of gothic metal.
Perhaps the most typical and prominent examples of symphonic metal bands are Finnish band Nightwish, Dutch bands Within Temptation, Delain and Epica, and Swedish band Therion, all four of which place a large focus on elements prevalent in film scores on top of the more basic classical components utilized more widely in the genre.

text: Symphonic

text: metal

text: is

text: subgenre

text: of

text: metal

text: music

text: which

text: combines

text: the

text: characteristics

text: of

text: this

text: genre

text: such

text: as

text: heavy

text: drums

text: and

text: guitars

text: with

text: different

text: elements

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: including

text: symphonic

text: instruments

text: choirs

text: and

text: on

text: occasion

text: full

text: symphony

text: orchestra

text: Keyboards

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: power

text: metal

text: also

text: often

text: find

text: dominant

text: place

text: in

text: this

text: subgenre

text: Symphonic

text: metal

text: bands

text: often

text: feature

text: classically

text: trained

text: female

text: vocalists

text: giving

text: rise

text: to

text: the

text: nickname

text: opera

text: metal

text: or

text: operatic

text: metal

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: not

text: uncommon

text: for

text: them

text: to

text: feature

text: second

text: vocalist

text: performing

text: growls

text: more

text: common

text: characteristic

text: of

text: gothic

text: metal

text: Perhaps

text: the

text: most

text: typical

text: and

text: prominent

text: examples

text: of

text: symphonic

text: metal

text: bands

text: are

text: Finnish

text: band

text: Nightwish

text: Dutch

text: bands

text: Within

text: Temptation

text: Delain

text: and

text: Epica

text: and

text: Swedish

text: band

text: Therion

text: all

text: four

text: of

text: which

text: place

text: large

text: focus

text: on

text: elements

text: prevalent

text: in

text: film

text: scores

text: on

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: more

text: basic

text: classical

text: components

text: utilized

text: more

text: widely

text: in

text: the

text: genre

text: Within Temptation is a Dutch symphonic metal band founded in April 1995 by vocalist Sharon den Adel and guitarist Robert Westerholt. They have always been classified by critics as gothic metal, although the "gothic" influence varies with each album. Their most prominent and well-known sound is described as symphonic metal, although their earlier material, such as debut album "Enter", was mostly gothic metal. "Enter" even had a hint of doom metal. In an interview, Den Adel said they fell into a symphonic rock genre with various influences. In a later interview with Dutch music platform 3VOOR12, den Adel stated that "we consider ourselves more a symphonic rock band ... in my opinion, we are no gothic band".

text: Within

text: Temptation

text: is

text: Dutch

text: symphonic

text: metal

text: band

text: founded

text: in

text: April

text: by

text: vocalist

text: Sharon

text: den

text: Adel

text: and

text: guitarist

text: Robert

text: Westerholt

text: They

text: have

text: always

text: been

text: classified

text: by

text: critics

text: as

text: gothic

text: metal

text: although

text: the

text: gothic

text: influence

text: varies

text: with

text: each

text: album

text: Their

text: most

text: prominent

text: and

text: well

text: known

text: sound

text: is

text: described

text: as

text: symphonic

text: metal

text: although

text: their

text: earlier

text: material

text: such

text: as

text: debut

text: album

text: Enter

text: was

text: mostly

text: gothic

text: metal

text: Enter

text: even

text: had

text: hint

text: of

text: doom

text: metal

text: In

text: an

text: interview

text: Den

text: Adel

text: said

text: they

text: fell

text: into

text: symphonic

text: rock

text: genre

text: with

text: various

text: influences

text: In

text: later

text: interview

text: with

text: Dutch

text: music

text: platform

text: den

text: Adel

text: stated

text: that

text: we

text: consider

text: ourselves

text: more

text: symphonic

text: rock

text: band

text: in

text: my

text: opinion

text: we

text: are

text: no

text: gothic

text: band

text: Gothic metal (or goth metal) is a fusion genre combining the heaviness of heavy metal with the dark atmospheres of gothic rock. The music of gothic metal is diverse with bands known to adopt the gothic approach to different styles of heavy metal music. The genre originated during the early 1990s in Europe originally as an outgrowth of death-doom, a fusion of death metal and doom metal. Lyrics are generally dark and introspective with inspiration from gothic fiction as well as personal experiences.

text: Gothic

text: metal

text: or

text: goth

text: metal

text: is

text: fusion

text: genre

text: combining

text: the

text: heaviness

text: of

text: heavy

text: metal

text: with

text: the

text: dark

text: atmospheres

text: of

text: gothic

text: rock

text: The

text: music

text: of

text: gothic

text: metal

text: is

text: diverse

text: with

text: bands

text: known

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: gothic

text: approach

text: to

text: different

text: styles

text: of

text: heavy

text: metal

text: music

text: The

text: genre

text: originated

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: in

text: Europe

text: originally

text: as

text: an

text: outgrowth

text: of

text: death

text: doom

text: fusion

text: of

text: death

text: metal

text: and

text: doom

text: metal

text: Lyrics

text: are

text: generally

text: dark

text: and

text: introspective

text: with

text: inspiration

text: from

text: gothic

text: fiction

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: personal

text: experiences

text: Arcana is the second album by the Austrian symphonic metal band Edenbridge . The track `` Velvet Eyes of Dawn '' is present only in the digipak edition .

text: Arcana

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: album

text: by

text: the

text: Austrian

text: symphonic

text: metal

text: band

text: Edenbridge

text: The

text: track

text: Velvet

text: Eyes

text: of

text: Dawn

text: is

text: present

text: only

text: in

text: the

text: digipak

text: edition

text: Delain is a Dutch symphonic metal band formed in 2002 by former Within Temptation keyboardist Martijn Westerholt, and Charlotte Wessels. The name of the band comes from the Kingdom of Delain in Stephen King's novel, "The Eyes of the Dragon".

text: Delain

text: is

text: Dutch

text: symphonic

text: metal

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: former

text: Within

text: Temptation

text: keyboardist

text: Martijn

text: Westerholt

text: and

text: Charlotte

text: Wessels

text: The

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Delain

text: in

text: Stephen

text: King

text: 's

text: novel

text: The

text: Eyes

text: of

text: the

text: Dragon

text: Nightwish is a symphonic power metal band from Kitee, Finland. The band was formed in 1996 by lead songwriter and keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen, and lead singer Tarja Turunen. The band soon picked up drummer Jukka Nevalainen, and then bassist Sami Vänskä after the release of their debut album, "Angels Fall First" (1997). In 2002, Vänskä was replaced by Marco Hietala, who also took over the male vocalist role previously filled by Holopainen or guest singers.

text: Nightwish

text: is

text: symphonic

text: power

text: metal

text: band

text: from

text: Kitee

text: Finland

text: The

text: band

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: lead

text: songwriter

text: and

text: keyboardist

text: Tuomas

text: Holopainen

text: guitarist

text: Emppu

text: Vuorinen

text: and

text: lead

text: singer

text: Tarja

text: Turunen

text: The

text: band

text: soon

text: picked

text: up

text: drummer

text: Jukka

text: Nevalainen

text: and

text: then

text: bassist

text: Sami

text: Vänskä

text: after

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: their

text: debut

text: album

text: Angels

text: Fall

text: First

text: In

text: Vänskä

text: was

text: replaced

text: by

text: Marco

text: Hietala

text: who

text: also

text: took

text: over

text: the

text: male

text: vocalist

text: role

text: previously

text: filled

text: by

text: Holopainen

text: or

text: guest

text: singers

text:
Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period. The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows:
European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines, chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and "ad libitum" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can sustain larger forms and attain a high level of complexity.

text: Classical

text: music

text: is

text: art

text: music

text: produced

text: or

text: rooted

text: in

text: the

text: traditions

text: of

text: Western

text: music

text: including

text: both

text: liturgical

text: religious

text: and

text: secular

text: music

text: While

text: more

text: accurate

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: this

text: article

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: broad

text: span

text: of

text: time

text: from

text: roughly

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: periods

text: The

text: central

text: norms

text: of

text: this

text: tradition

text: became

text: codified

text: between

text: and

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: common

text: practice

text: period

text: The

text: major

text: time

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: art

text: music

text: are

text: as

text: follows

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: is

text: largely

text: distinguished

text: from

text: many

text: other

text: non

text: European

text: and

text: some

text: popular

text: musical

text: forms

text: by

text: its

text: system

text: of

text: staff

text: notation

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: about

text: the

text: century

text: Western

text: staff

text: notation

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: composers

text: to

text: indicate

text: to

text: the

text: performer

text: the

text: pitches

text: e.g.

text: melodies

text: basslines

text: chords

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: rhythms

text: for

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: This

text: can

text: leave

text: less

text: room

text: for

text: practices

text: such

text: as

text: improvisation

text: and

text: ad

text: libitum

text: ornamentation

text: which

text: are

text: frequently

text: heard

text: in

text: non

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: and

text: in

text: popular

text: music

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: jazz

text: and

text: blues

text: Another

text: difference

text: is

text: that

text: whereas

text: most

text: popular

text: styles

text: adopt

text: the

text: song

text: strophic

text: form

text: classical

text: music

text: has

text: been

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: development

text: of

text: highly

text: sophisticated

text: forms

text: of

text: instrumental

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: concerto

text: symphony

text: sonata

text: and

text: mixed

text: vocal

text: and

text: instrumental

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: opera

text: which

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: written

text: down

text: can

text: sustain

text: larger

text: forms

text: and

text: attain

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: complexity

text: A film score (also sometimes called background score, background music, movie soundtrack, film music or incidental music) is original music written specifically to accompany a film. The score forms part of the film's soundtrack, which also usually includes dialogue and sound effects, and comprises a number of orchestral, instrumental, or choral pieces called cues, which are timed to begin and end at specific points during the film in order to enhance the dramatic narrative and the emotional impact of the scene in question. Scores are written by one or more composers, under the guidance of, or in collaboration with, the film's director or producer and are then usually performed by an ensemble of musicians  most often comprising an orchestra or band, instrumental soloists, and choir or vocalists  and recorded by a sound engineer.

text: film

text: score

text: also

text: sometimes

text: called

text: background

text: score

text: background

text: music

text: movie

text: soundtrack

text: film

text: music

text: or

text: incidental

text: music

text: is

text: original

text: music

text: written

text: specifically

text: to

text: accompany

text: film

text: The

text: score

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: soundtrack

text: which

text: also

text: usually

text: includes

text: dialogue

text: and

text: sound

text: effects

text: and

text: comprises

text: number

text: of

text: orchestral

text: instrumental

text: or

text: choral

text: pieces

text: called

text: cues

text: which

text: are

text: timed

text: to

text: begin

text: and

text: end

text: at

text: specific

text: points

text: during

text: the

text: film

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: enhance

text: the

text: dramatic

text: narrative

text: and

text: the

text: emotional

text: impact

text: of

text: the

text: scene

text: in

text: question

text: Scores

text: are

text: written

text: by

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: composers

text: under

text: the

text: guidance

text: of

text: or

text: in

text: collaboration

text: with

text: the

text: film

text: 's

text: director

text: or

text: producer

text: and

text: are

text: then

text: usually

text: performed

text: by

text: an

text: ensemble

text: of

text: musicians

text: most

text: often

text: comprising

text: an

text: orchestra

text: or

text: band

text: instrumental

text: soloists

text: and

text: choir

text: or

text: vocalists

text: and

text: recorded

text: by

text: sound

text: engineer

annotations: follows multiple

question: genre arcana

answer: heavy metal music

text: heavy metal music