text: The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers and duties of government institutions and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles and the duties of citizens. It is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world. The nation is governed by it. B. R. Ambedkar is regarded as its chief architect.

text: The

text: Constitution

text: of

text: India

text: is

text: the

text: supreme

text: law

text: of

text: India

text: It

text: lays

text: down

text: the

text: framework

text: defining

text: fundamental

text: political

text: principles

text: establishes

text: the

text: structure

text: procedures

text: powers

text: and

text: duties

text: of

text: government

text: institutions

text: and

text: sets

text: out

text: fundamental

text: rights

text: directive

text: principles

text: and

text: the

text: duties

text: of

text: citizens

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: written

text: constitution

text: of

text: any

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: nation

text: is

text: governed

text: by

text: it

text: Ambedkar

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: its

text: chief

text: architect

text: Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891  6 December 1956), popularly known as Baba Saheb, was an Indian jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who inspired the Dalit Buddhist Movement and campaigned against social discrimination against Untouchables ("Dalits"), while also supporting the rights of women and labour. He was Independent India's first law minister and the principal architect of the Constitution of India.

text: Bhimrao

text: Ramji

text: Ambedkar

text: April

text: December

text: popularly

text: known

text: as

text: Baba

text: Saheb

text: was

text: an

text: Indian

text: jurist

text: economist

text: politician

text: and

text: social

text: reformer

text: who

text: inspired

text: the

text: Dalit

text: Buddhist

text: Movement

text: and

text: campaigned

text: against

text: social

text: discrimination

text: against

text: Untouchables

text: Dalits

text: while

text: also

text: supporting

text: the

text: rights

text: of

text: women

text: and

text: labour

text: He

text: was

text: Independent

text: India

text: 's

text: first

text: law

text: minister

text: and

text: the

text: principal

text: architect

text: of

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: India

text: Odisha(formerly Orissa) (() is one of the 29 states of India, located in the eastern coast. It is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana to the south and south-west. Odisha has of coastline along the Bay of Bengal on its east, from Balasore to Malkangiri. It is the 9th largest state by area, and the 3rd largest by tribal population .Odia (formerly known as "Oriya") is the official and most widely spoken language, spoken by 33.2 million according to the 2001 Census.

text: Odisha(formerly

text: Orissa

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: India

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: It

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: West

text: Bengal

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Jharkhand

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Chhattisgarh

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: Andhra

text: Pradesh

text: and

text: Telangana

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: south

text: west

text: Odisha

text: has

text: of

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: its

text: east

text: from

text: Balasore

text: to

text: Malkangiri

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: state

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: by

text: tribal

text: population

text: .Odia

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Oriya

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: and

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: language

text: spoken

text: by

text: million

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Census

text: The Chief Minister of Jharkhand , an east Indian state , is the head of the Government of Jharkhand . As per the Constitution of India , the Governor of Jharkhand is the state 's de jure head , but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister . Following elections to the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly , the governor usually invites the party ( or coalition ) with a majority of seats to form the government . The governor appoints the chief minister , whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly . Given that he has the confidence of the assembly , the chief minister 's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits . Since Jharkhand 's creation in 2000 , when it was carved out from the hilly southern districts of Bihar , six people have served as the state 's chief minister , half of whom belong to the Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) , including Babulal Marandi , the inaugural officeholder . His party - mate Arjun Munda is the longest - serving chief minister -- over five years , across three terms . Two chief ministers come from the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha ( JMM ) , namely Shibu Soren and his son Hemant Soren . The state has also been governed by an independent , Madhu Koda . In between their reigns , the state has also been under President 's rule thrice . The BJP 's Raghubar Das is the incumbent chief minister , following his swearing - in on 28 December 2014 .

text: The

text: Chief

text: Minister

text: of

text: Jharkhand

text: an

text: east

text: Indian

text: state

text: is

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Government

text: of

text: Jharkhand

text: As

text: per

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: India

text: the

text: Governor

text: of

text: Jharkhand

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: de

text: jure

text: head

text: but

text: de

text: facto

text: executive

text: authority

text: rests

text: with

text: the

text: chief

text: minister

text: Following

text: elections

text: to

text: the

text: Jharkhand

text: Legislative

text: Assembly

text: the

text: governor

text: usually

text: invites

text: the

text: party

text: or

text: coalition

text: with

text: majority

text: of

text: seats

text: to

text: form

text: the

text: government

text: The

text: governor

text: appoints

text: the

text: chief

text: minister

text: whose

text: council

text: of

text: ministers

text: are

text: collectively

text: responsible

text: to

text: the

text: assembly

text: Given

text: that

text: he

text: has

text: the

text: confidence

text: of

text: the

text: assembly

text: the

text: chief

text: minister

text: 's

text: term

text: is

text: for

text: five

text: years

text: and

text: is

text: subject

text: to

text: no

text: term

text: limits

text: Since

text: Jharkhand

text: 's

text: creation

text: in

text: when

text: it

text: was

text: carved

text: out

text: from

text: the

text: hilly

text: southern

text: districts

text: of

text: Bihar

text: six

text: people

text: have

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: chief

text: minister

text: half

text: of

text: whom

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: Bharatiya

text: Janata

text: Party

text: BJP

text: including

text: Babulal

text: Marandi

text: the

text: inaugural

text: officeholder

text: His

text: party

text: mate

text: Arjun

text: Munda

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: serving

text: chief

text: minister

text: over

text: five

text: years

text: across

text: three

text: terms

text: Two

text: chief

text: ministers

text: come

text: from

text: the

text: Jharkhand

text: Mukti

text: Morcha

text: JMM

text: namely

text: Shibu

text: Soren

text: and

text: his

text: son

text: Hemant

text: Soren

text: The

text: state

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: governed

text: by

text: an

text: independent

text: Madhu

text: Koda

text: In

text: between

text: their

text: reigns

text: the

text: state

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: under

text: President

text: 's

text: rule

text: thrice

text: The

text: BJP

text: 's

text: Raghubar

text: Das

text: is

text: the

text: incumbent

text: chief

text: minister

text: following

text: his

text: swearing

text: in

text: on

text: December

text: Chhattisgarh (literally 'Thirty-Six Forts') is a state in central India. It is the 10th largest state in India, with an area of . With a population of 28 million, Chhattisgarh is the 17th most-populated state of the nation. It is a source of electricity and steel for India, accounting for 15% of the total steel produced in the country. Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India.

text: Chhattisgarh

text: literally

text: Thirty

text: Six

text: Forts

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: central

text: India

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: India

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Chhattisgarh

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populated

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: It

text: is

text: source

text: of

text: electricity

text: and

text: steel

text: for

text: India

text: accounting

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: steel

text: produced

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: Chhattisgarh

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: fastest

text: developing

text: states

text: in

text: India

text: Jharkhand ("Bushland") is a state in eastern India carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November 2000. The state shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north, Uttar Pradesh to the north-west, Chhattisgarh to the west, Odisha to the south, and West Bengal to the east. It has an area of . The city of Ranchi is its capital while the industrial city of Jamshedpur is the most populous city of the state.

text: Jharkhand

text: Bushland

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: eastern

text: India

text: carved

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: Bihar

text: on

text: November

text: The

text: state

text: shares

text: its

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Bihar

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Uttar

text: Pradesh

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: Chhattisgarh

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Odisha

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: West

text: Bengal

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: The

text: city

text: of

text: Ranchi

text: is

text: its

text: capital

text: while

text: the

text: industrial

text: city

text: of

text: Jamshedpur

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: The Government of Jharkhand also known as the State Government of Jharkhand, or locally as State Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Jharkhand and its 24 districts. It consists of an executive, led by the Governor of Jharkhand, a judiciary and a legislative branch.

text: The

text: Government

text: of

text: Jharkhand

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: Government

text: of

text: Jharkhand

text: or

text: locally

text: as

text: State

text: Government

text: is

text: the

text: supreme

text: governing

text: authority

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Jharkhand

text: and

text: its

text: districts

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: an

text: executive

text: led

text: by

text: the

text: Governor

text: of

text: Jharkhand

text: judiciary

text: and

text: legislative

text: branch

text: India, officially the Republic of India ("Bhrat Gaarjya"), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia. Its capital is New Delhi; other metropolises include Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Ahmedabad.

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: Uttar Pradesh (Hindi :   ), abbreviated as UP, is the most populous state in the Republic of India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces during British rule, and was renamed "Uttar Pradesh" in 1950. Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. Ghaziabad, Bulandshahr, Kanpur, Gorakhpur, Allahabad, Raebareli, Moradabad, Bareilly, Aligarh, Sonbhadra, and Varanasi are known for their industrial importance in the state. On 9 November 2000, a new state, Uttarakhand, was carved out from the Himalayan hill region of Uttar Pradesh. The state in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent has over 200 million inhabitants.

text: Uttar

text: Pradesh

text: Hindi

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: UP

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: subdivision

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: was

text: created

text: on

text: April

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Provinces

text: during

text: British

text: rule

text: and

text: was

text: renamed

text: Uttar

text: Pradesh

text: in

text: Lucknow

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Uttar

text: Pradesh

text: Ghaziabad

text: Bulandshahr

text: Kanpur

text: Gorakhpur

text: Allahabad

text: Raebareli

text: Moradabad

text: Bareilly

text: Aligarh

text: Sonbhadra

text: and

text: Varanasi

text: are

text: known

text: for

text: their

text: industrial

text: importance

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: On

text: November

text: new

text: state

text: Uttarakhand

text: was

text: carved

text: out

text: from

text: the

text: Himalayan

text: hill

text: region

text: of

text: Uttar

text: Pradesh

text: The

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: subcontinent

text: has

text: over

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Ranchi is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand, and its third most populous city of the state. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, western West Bengal and the eastern area of what is present-day Chhattisgarh. The Jharkhand state was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving out the Bihar divisions of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas.

text: Ranchi

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: state

text: of

text: Jharkhand

text: and

text: its

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: Ranchi

text: was

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Jharkhand

text: movement

text: which

text: called

text: for

text: separate

text: state

text: for

text: the

text: tribal

text: regions

text: of

text: South

text: Bihar

text: northern

text: Orissa

text: western

text: West

text: Bengal

text: and

text: the

text: eastern

text: area

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: present

text: day

text: Chhattisgarh

text: The

text: Jharkhand

text: state

text: was

text: formed

text: on

text: November

text: by

text: carving

text: out

text: the

text: Bihar

text: divisions

text: of

text: Chota

text: Nagpur

text: and

text: Santhal

text: Parganas

question: inception list of chief ministers of jharkhand

answer: 15 november 2000

text: 15 november 2000

text: 15 november 2000


text: Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy located in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia (Malaysian Borneo). Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, and Indonesia. East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. With a population of over 30 million, Malaysia is the 44th most populous country. The southernmost point of continental Eurasia, Tanjung Piai, is in Malaysia. Located in the tropics, Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries on earth, with large numbers of endemic species.

text: Malaysia

text: is

text: federal

text: constitutional

text: monarchy

text: located

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: thirteen

text: states

text: and

text: three

text: federal

text: territories

text: and

text: has

text: total

text: landmass

text: of

text: separated

text: by

text: the

text: South

text: China

text: Sea

text: into

text: two

text: similarly

text: sized

text: regions

text: Peninsular

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: East

text: Malaysia

text: Malaysian

text: Borneo

text: Peninsular

text: Malaysia

text: shares

text: land

text: and

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Singapore

text: Vietnam

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: East

text: Malaysia

text: shares

text: land

text: and

text: maritime

text: borders

text: with

text: Brunei

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: and

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Philippines

text: and

text: Vietnam

text: The

text: capital

text: city

text: is

text: Kuala

text: Lumpur

text: while

text: Putrajaya

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: Malaysia

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: The

text: southernmost

text: point

text: of

text: continental

text: Eurasia

text: Tanjung

text: Piai

text: is

text: in

text: Malaysia

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: tropics

text: Malaysia

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: megadiverse

text: countries

text: on

text: earth

text: with

text: large

text: numbers

text: of

text: endemic

text: species

text: Me Against Myself is the debut studio album by Jay Sean, released 8 November 2004 in the United Kingdom, January 2005 in Malaysia, and February 2005 in India on 2Point9 Records, Relentless Records and Virgin Records.

text: Me

text: Against

text: Myself

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: Jay

text: Sean

text: released

text: November

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: January

text: in

text: Malaysia

text: and

text: February

text: in

text: India

text: on

text: Records

text: Relentless

text: Records

text: and

text: Virgin

text: Records

text: The UK Singles Chart (currently entitled Official Singles Chart) is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC), on behalf of the British record industry, listing the top-selling singles in the United Kingdom, based upon physical sales, paid-for downloads and streaming. To be eligible for the chart, a single is currently defined by the Official Charts Company (OCC) as either a 'single bundle' having no more than four tracks and not lasting longer than 25 minutes or one digital audio track not longer than 15 minutes with a minimum sale price of 40 pence. The rules have changed many times as technology has developed, the most notable being the inclusion of digital downloads in 2005 and streaming in 2014.

text: The

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: currently

text: entitled

text: Official

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: is

text: compiled

text: by

text: the

text: Official

text: Charts

text: Company

text: OCC

text: on

text: behalf

text: of

text: the

text: British

text: record

text: industry

text: listing

text: the

text: top

text: selling

text: singles

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: based

text: upon

text: physical

text: sales

text: paid

text: for

text: downloads

text: and

text: streaming

text: To

text: be

text: eligible

text: for

text: the

text: chart

text: single

text: is

text: currently

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Official

text: Charts

text: Company

text: OCC

text: as

text: either

text: single

text: bundle

text: having

text: no

text: more

text: than

text: four

text: tracks

text: and

text: not

text: lasting

text: longer

text: than

text: minutes

text: or

text: one

text: digital

text: audio

text: track

text: not

text: longer

text: than

text: minutes

text: with

text: minimum

text: sale

text: price

text: of

text: pence

text: The

text: rules

text: have

text: changed

text: many

text: times

text: as

text: technology

text: has

text: developed

text: the

text: most

text: notable

text: being

text: the

text: inclusion

text: of

text: digital

text: downloads

text: in

text: and

text: streaming

text: in

text: `` Eyes on You '' is the second single from Jay Sean 's debut album Me Against Myself . It was released on 21 June 2004 . The song reached # 6 on the UK Singles Chart and sold over 60,000 copies in the United Kingdom .

text: Eyes

text: on

text: You

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: single

text: from

text: Jay

text: Sean

text: 's

text: debut

text: album

text: Me

text: Against

text: Myself

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: song

text: reached

text: on

text: the

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: and

text: sold

text: over

text: copies

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, it includes the island of Great Britain (the name of which is also loosely applied to the whole country), the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign statethe Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to its east, the English Channel to its south and the Celtic Sea to its south-south-west, giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland. With an area of , the UK is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants. Together, this makes it the fourth most densely populated country in the European Union.

text: The

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: UK

text: or

text: Britain

text: is

text: sovereign

text: country

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: Lying

text: off

text: the

text: north

text: western

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: it

text: includes

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: the

text: name

text: of

text: which

text: is

text: also

text: loosely

text: applied

text: to

text: the

text: whole

text: country

text: the

text: north

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Ireland

text: and

text: many

text: smaller

text: islands

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: that

text: shares

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: another

text: sovereign

text: statethe

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: Apart

text: from

text: this

text: land

text: border

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: with

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: to

text: its

text: south

text: south

text: west

text: giving

text: it

text: the

text: longest

text: coastline

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: between

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: With

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Together

text: this

text: makes

text: it

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: 2Point9 Records (DohPointNau) is an independent record label, a subsidiary of an all-in-one entertainment company called 2Point9, that was started in 2003 when Telstar Records A&R manager Billy Grant and Promotions manager Rob Stuart decided to leave the company to set up their own little independent runnings.

text: Records

text: DohPointNau

text: is

text: an

text: independent

text: record

text: label

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: an

text: all

text: in

text: one

text: entertainment

text: company

text: called

text: that

text: was

text: started

text: in

text: when

text: Telstar

text: Records

text: A&R

text: manager

text: Billy

text: Grant

text: and

text: Promotions

text: manager

text: Rob

text: Stuart

text: decided

text: to

text: leave

text: the

text: company

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: their

text: own

text: little

text: independent

text: runnings

text: Virgin Records is a major record label first founded by English entrepreneur Richard Branson, Simon Draper, Nik Powell and musician Tom Newman in 1972. The company grew to be a worldwide phenomenon over time with the success of its platinum performers such as Janet Jackson, Roy Orbison, Devo, Genesis, Keith Richards, the Human League, Culture Club, Simple Minds, Lenny Kravitz, dc Talk, the Smashing Pumpkins, Mike Oldfield, Spice Girls and more on their list of artists. It was later sold to Thorn EMI in 1992.

text: Virgin

text: Records

text: is

text: major

text: record

text: label

text: first

text: founded

text: by

text: English

text: entrepreneur

text: Richard

text: Branson

text: Simon

text: Draper

text: Nik

text: Powell

text: and

text: musician

text: Tom

text: Newman

text: in

text: The

text: company

text: grew

text: to

text: be

text: worldwide

text: phenomenon

text: over

text: time

text: with

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: its

text: platinum

text: performers

text: such

text: as

text: Janet

text: Jackson

text: Roy

text: Orbison

text: Devo

text: Genesis

text: Keith

text: Richards

text: the

text: Human

text: League

text: Culture

text: Club

text: Simple

text: Minds

text: Lenny

text: Kravitz

text: dc

text: Talk

text: the

text: Smashing

text: Pumpkins

text: Mike

text: Oldfield

text: Spice

text: Girls

text: and

text: more

text: on

text: their

text: list

text: of

text: artists

text: It

text: was

text: later

text: sold

text: to

text: Thorn

text: EMI

text: in

text: The Official Charts Company (previously known as the Chart Information Network (CIN) The Official UK Charts Company and also referred to Official Charts) is a British inter-professional organisation that compiles various "official" record charts in the United Kingdom, including the UK Singles Chart, the UK Albums Chart, the UK Singles Downloads Chart and the UK Album Downloads Chart, as well as genre-specific and music video charts. The OCC produces its charts by gathering and combining sales data from retailers through market researchers Millward Brown, and claims to cover 99% of the singles market and 95% of the album market, and aims to collect data from any retailer who sells more than 100 chart items per week.

text: The

text: Official

text: Charts

text: Company

text: previously

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Chart

text: Information

text: Network

text: CIN

text: The

text: Official

text: UK

text: Charts

text: Company

text: and

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: Official

text: Charts

text: is

text: British

text: inter

text: professional

text: organisation

text: that

text: compiles

text: various

text: official

text: record

text: charts

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: including

text: the

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: the

text: UK

text: Albums

text: Chart

text: the

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Downloads

text: Chart

text: and

text: the

text: UK

text: Album

text: Downloads

text: Chart

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: genre

text: specific

text: and

text: music

text: video

text: charts

text: The

text: OCC

text: produces

text: its

text: charts

text: by

text: gathering

text: and

text: combining

text: sales

text: data

text: from

text: retailers

text: through

text: market

text: researchers

text: Millward

text: Brown

text: and

text: claims

text: to

text: cover

text: of

text: the

text: singles

text: market

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: market

text: and

text: aims

text: to

text: collect

text: data

text: from

text: any

text: retailer

text: who

text: sells

text: more

text: than

text: chart

text: items

text: per

text: week

text: Jay Sean (born Kamaljit Singh Jhooti; 26 March 1979) is a British singer and songwriter. He debuted in the UK's Asian Underground scene as a member of the Rishi Rich Project with "Dance with You", which reached No. 12 on the UK Singles Chart in 2003. This led to him being signed to Virgin Records and having two UK top 10 hits as a solo artist in 2004: "Eyes On You" at No. 6 and "Stolen" at #4. They were included in his critically acclaimed debut album "Me Against Myself" which, though only moderately successful in the UK, sold more than two million copies across Asia and remains his most successful album to date. Alongside the Rishi Rich Project, Sean was a pioneer of Bhangra-R&B fusion, which his debut album helped popularize among the worldwide South Asian diaspora.

text: Jay

text: Sean

text: born

text: Kamaljit

text: Singh

text: Jhooti

text: March

text: is

text: British

text: singer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: He

text: debuted

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: Asian

text: Underground

text: scene

text: as

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Rishi

text: Rich

text: Project

text: with

text: Dance

text: with

text: You

text: which

text: reached

text: No

text: on

text: the

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: in

text: This

text: led

text: to

text: him

text: being

text: signed

text: to

text: Virgin

text: Records

text: and

text: having

text: two

text: UK

text: top

text: hits

text: as

text: solo

text: artist

text: in

text: Eyes

text: On

text: You

text: at

text: No

text: and

text: Stolen

text: at

text: They

text: were

text: included

text: in

text: his

text: critically

text: acclaimed

text: debut

text: album

text: Me

text: Against

text: Myself

text: which

text: though

text: only

text: moderately

text: successful

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: sold

text: more

text: than

text: two

text: million

text: copies

text: across

text: Asia

text: and

text: remains

text: his

text: most

text: successful

text: album

text: to

text: date

text: Alongside

text: the

text: Rishi

text: Rich

text: Project

text: Sean

text: was

text: pioneer

text: of

text: Bhangra

text: R&B

text: fusion

text: which

text: his

text: debut

text: album

text: helped

text: popularize

text: among

text: the

text: worldwide

text: South

text: Asian

text: diaspora

text: India

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: India

text: Bhrat

text: Gaarjya

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: seventh

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: area

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: over

text: billion

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: democracy

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Bay

text: of

text: Bengal

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: China

text: Nepal

text: and

text: Bhutan

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: and

text: Myanmar

text: Burma

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: In

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: India

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Sri

text: Lanka

text: and

text: the

text: Maldives

text: India

text: 's

text: Andaman

text: and

text: Nicobar

text: Islands

text: share

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Thailand

text: and

text: Indonesia

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: New

text: Delhi

text: other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Mumbai

text: Kolkata

text: Chennai

text: Bangalore

text: Hyderabad

text: and

text: Ahmedabad

text: Relentless Records is a record label currently headed by co-founder Shabs Jobanputra. Originally known for singles such as Artful Dodger's "Re-Rewind" and B15 Project's "Girls Like This", Relentless has also published albums by Joss Stone, KT Tunstall, So Solid Crew and Cage the Elephant.

text: Relentless

text: Records

text: is

text: record

text: label

text: currently

text: headed

text: by

text: co

text: founder

text: Shabs

text: Jobanputra

text: Originally

text: known

text: for

text: singles

text: such

text: as

text: Artful

text: Dodger

text: 's

text: Re

text: Rewind

text: and

text: Project

text: 's

text: Girls

text: Like

text: This

text: Relentless

text: has

text: also

text: published

text: albums

text: by

text: Joss

text: Stone

text: KT

text: Tunstall

text: So

text: Solid

text: Crew

text: and

text: Cage

text: the

text: Elephant

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: performer eyes on you

answer: kamaljit singh jhooti

text: kamaljit singh jhooti


text: Gauteng, which means "place of gold", is one of the nine provinces of South Africa. It was formed from part of the old Transvaal Province after South Africa's first all-race elections on 27 April 1994. It was initially named PretoriaWitwatersrandVereeniging (PWV) and was renamed "Gauteng" in December 1994.

text: Gauteng

text: which

text: means

text: place

text: of

text: gold

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: provinces

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: from

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: Transvaal

text: Province

text: after

text: South

text: Africa

text: 's

text: first

text: all

text: race

text: elections

text: on

text: April

text: It

text: was

text: initially

text: named

text: PretoriaWitwatersrandVereeniging

text: PWV

text: and

text: was

text: renamed

text: Gauteng

text: in

text: December

text: Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (German: ), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, a part of less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River (essentially a small bulge in Botswana to achieve a Botswana/Zambia micro-border) separates the two countries. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek, and it is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.

text: Namibia

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Namibia

text: German

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: whose

text: western

text: border

text: is

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Zambia

text: and

text: Angola

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Botswana

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Although

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Zimbabwe

text: part

text: of

text: less

text: than

text: metres

text: of

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: River

text: essentially

text: small

text: bulge

text: in

text: Botswana

text: to

text: achieve

text: Botswana

text: Zambia

text: micro

text: border

text: separates

text: the

text: two

text: countries

text: Namibia

text: gained

text: independence

text: from

text: South

text: Africa

text: on

text: March

text: following

text: the

text: Namibian

text: War

text: of

text: Independence

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Windhoek

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: the

text: Southern

text: African

text: Development

text: Community

text: SADC

text: the

text: African

text: Union

text: AU

text: and

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Nations

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded on the south by of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east and northeast by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho. South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 56 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere. It is the only country that borders both the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean. About 80 percent of South Africans are of Sub-Saharan African ancestry, divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different Bantu languages, nine of which have official status. The remaining population consists of Africa's largest communities of European (white), Asian (Indian), and multiracial (coloured) ancestry.

text: South

text: Africa

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: RSA

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: of

text: coastline

text: of

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: stretching

text: along

text: the

text: South

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Indian

text: Oceans

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: neighbouring

text: countries

text: of

text: Namibia

text: Botswana

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: by

text: Mozambique

text: and

text: Swaziland

text: and

text: surrounding

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Lesotho

text: South

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: with

text: close

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: nation

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: mainland

text: of

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: or

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: that

text: borders

text: both

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: About

text: percent

text: of

text: South

text: Africans

text: are

text: of

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: African

text: ancestry

text: divided

text: among

text: variety

text: of

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: speaking

text: different

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: nine

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: official

text: status

text: The

text: remaining

text: population

text: consists

text: of

text: Africa

text: 's

text: largest

text: communities

text: of

text: European

text: white

text: Asian

text: Indian

text: and

text: multiracial

text: coloured

text: ancestry

text: Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara desert. According to the UN, it consists of all African countries that are fully or partially located south of the Sahara. It contrasts with North Africa, whose territories are part of the League of Arab states within the Arab world. Somalia, Djibouti, Comoros and Mauritania are geographically in Sub-Saharan Africa, but are likewise Arab states and part of the Arab world.

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: continent

text: of

text: Africa

text: that

text: lies

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: desert

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: UN

text: it

text: consists

text: of

text: all

text: African

text: countries

text: that

text: are

text: fully

text: or

text: partially

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: Sahara

text: It

text: contrasts

text: with

text: North

text: Africa

text: whose

text: territories

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Arab

text: states

text: within

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: Somalia

text: Djibouti

text: Comoros

text: and

text: Mauritania

text: are

text: geographically

text: in

text: Sub

text: Saharan

text: Africa

text: but

text: are

text: likewise

text: Arab

text: states

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland (or ; Swazi: "Umbuso weSwatini"; sometimes called kaNgwane or Eswatini), is a sovereign state in Southern Africa. It is neighboured by Mozambique to its northeast and by South Africa to its north, west and south. The country and its people take their names from Mswati II, the 19th-century king under whose rule Swazi territory was expanded and unified.

text: Swaziland

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Swaziland

text: or

text: Swazi

text: Umbuso

text: weSwatini

text: sometimes

text: called

text: kaNgwane

text: or

text: Eswatini

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: neighboured

text: by

text: Mozambique

text: to

text: its

text: northeast

text: and

text: by

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: its

text: north

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: and

text: its

text: people

text: take

text: their

text: names

text: from

text: Mswati

text: II

text: the

text: century

text: king

text: under

text: whose

text: rule

text: Swazi

text: territory

text: was

text: expanded

text: and

text: unified

text: The Bantu languages, technically the Narrow Bantu languages (as opposed to "Wide Bantu", a loosely defined categorization which includes other Bantoid languages), constitute a traditional branch of the NigerCongo languages. There are about 250 Bantu languages by the criterion of mutual intelligibility, though the distinction between language and dialect is often unclear, and "Ethnologue" counts 535 languages. Bantu languages are spoken largely east and south of present-day Cameroon, that is, in the regions commonly known as Central Africa, Southeast Africa, and Southern Africa. Parts of the Bantu area include languages from other language families (see map).

text: The

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: technically

text: the

text: Narrow

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: Wide

text: Bantu

text: loosely

text: defined

text: categorization

text: which

text: includes

text: other

text: Bantoid

text: languages

text: constitute

text: traditional

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: NigerCongo

text: languages

text: There

text: are

text: about

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: by

text: the

text: criterion

text: of

text: mutual

text: intelligibility

text: though

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: language

text: and

text: dialect

text: is

text: often

text: unclear

text: and

text: Ethnologue

text: counts

text: languages

text: Bantu

text: languages

text: are

text: spoken

text: largely

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Cameroon

text: that

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: regions

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Central

text: Africa

text: Southeast

text: Africa

text: and

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: Parts

text: of

text: the

text: Bantu

text: area

text: include

text: languages

text: from

text: other

text: language

text: families

text: see

text: map

text: The Old World consists of Africa, Europe, and Asia, regarded collectively as the part of the world known to Europeans before contact with the Americas. It is used in the context of, and contrast with, the New World (Americas).

text: The

text: Old

text: World

text: consists

text: of

text: Africa

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: regarded

text: collectively

text: as

text: the

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: known

text: to

text: Europeans

text: before

text: contact

text: with

text: the

text: Americas

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: and

text: contrast

text: with

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Americas

text: Mozambique (or ), officially the Republic of Mozambique (or "") is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west, and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest. It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east. The capital and largest city is Maputo (known as "Lourenço Marques" before independence).

text: Mozambique

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Mozambique

text: or

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Africa

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Tanzania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Malawi

text: and

text: Zambia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Zimbabwe

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Swaziland

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Madagascar

text: by

text: the

text: Mozambique

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Maputo

text: known

text: as

text: Lourenço

text: Marques

text: before

text: independence

text: The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean or, depending on definition, by Antarctica. It is named after the country of India. The Indian Ocean is known as "Ratnkara", ""the mine of gems"" in ancient Sanskrit literature, and as "Hind Mahsgar", ""the great Indian sea"", in Hindi.

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: covering

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: water

text: on

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Africa

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Australia

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: by

text: Antarctica

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: country

text: of

text: India

text: The

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: Ratnkara

text: the

text: mine

text: of

text: gems

text: in

text: ancient

text: Sanskrit

text: literature

text: and

text: as

text: Hind

text: Mahsgar

text: the

text: great

text: Indian

text: sea

text: in

text: Hindi

text: Afrikaans (, or ) is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa, Namibia, and to a lesser extent, Botswana and Zimbabwe. It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of South Holland (Hollandic dialect) spoken by the mainly Dutch settlers of what is now South Africa, where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the 18th century. Hence, it is a daughter language of Dutch, and was previously referred to as "Cape Dutch" (a term also used to refer collectively to the early Cape settlers) or "kitchen Dutch" (a derogatory term used to refer to Afrikaans in its earlier days). The term is ultimately derived from Dutch "Afrikaans-Hollands" meaning "African Dutch". It is the first language of most of the Afrikaner and Coloured people of Southern Africa.

text: Afrikaans

text: or

text: is

text: West

text: Germanic

text: language

text: spoken

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: Namibia

text: and

text: to

text: lesser

text: extent

text: Botswana

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: It

text: evolved

text: from

text: the

text: Dutch

text: vernacular

text: of

text: South

text: Holland

text: Hollandic

text: dialect

text: spoken

text: by

text: the

text: mainly

text: Dutch

text: settlers

text: of

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: South

text: Africa

text: where

text: it

text: gradually

text: began

text: to

text: develop

text: distinguishing

text: characteristics

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Hence

text: it

text: is

text: daughter

text: language

text: of

text: Dutch

text: and

text: was

text: previously

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Cape

text: Dutch

text: term

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: collectively

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: Cape

text: settlers

text: or

text: kitchen

text: Dutch

text: derogatory

text: term

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: Afrikaans

text: in

text: its

text: earlier

text: days

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: ultimately

text: derived

text: from

text: Dutch

text: Afrikaans

text: Hollands

text: meaning

text: African

text: Dutch

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: language

text: of

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: Afrikaner

text: and

text: Coloured

text: people

text: of

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: Multiracial is defined as made up of or relating to people of many races. Many terms exist for people of various multiracial backgrounds. While some of the terms used in the past are considered insulting and offensive, there are many socially acceptable modern terms that multiracial people identify with. These include "mixed-race" (or simply "mixed"), "biracial", "multiracial", "métis", "mestizo", "mulatto", "dougla", and "pardo".

text: Multiracial

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: or

text: relating

text: to

text: people

text: of

text: many

text: races

text: Many

text: terms

text: exist

text: for

text: people

text: of

text: various

text: multiracial

text: backgrounds

text: While

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: terms

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: are

text: considered

text: insulting

text: and

text: offensive

text: there

text: are

text: many

text: socially

text: acceptable

text: modern

text: terms

text: that

text: multiracial

text: people

text: identify

text: with

text: These

text: include

text: mixed

text: race

text: or

text: simply

text: mixed

text: biracial

text: multiracial

text: métis

text: mestizo

text: mulatto

text: dougla

text: and

text: pardo

text: Botswana , officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa. The citizens refer to themselves as "Batswana" (singular: "Motswana"). Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. Since then, it has maintained a strong tradition of stable representative democracy, with a consistent record of uninterrupted democratic elections.

text: Botswana

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Botswana

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: The

text: citizens

text: refer

text: to

text: themselves

text: as

text: Batswana

text: singular

text: Motswana

text: Formerly

text: the

text: British

text: protectorate

text: of

text: Bechuanaland

text: Botswana

text: adopted

text: its

text: new

text: name

text: after

text: becoming

text: independent

text: within

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: on

text: September

text: Since

text: then

text: it

text: has

text: maintained

text: strong

text: tradition

text: of

text: stable

text: representative

text: democracy

text: with

text: consistent

text: record

text: of

text: uninterrupted

text: democratic

text: elections

text: Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the west and southwest, Zambia to the northwest, and Mozambique to the east and northeast. Although it does not border Namibia, less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly 13 million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used.

text: Zimbabwe

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Zimbabwe

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: between

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: and

text: Limpopo

text: Rivers

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: South

text: Africa

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Botswana

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: Zambia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: and

text: Mozambique

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: Although

text: it

text: does

text: not

text: border

text: Namibia

text: less

text: than

text: metres

text: of

text: the

text: Zambezi

text: River

text: separates

text: it

text: from

text: that

text: country

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Harare

text: country

text: of

text: roughly

text: million

text: people

text: Zimbabwe

text: has

text: official

text: languages

text: with

text: English

text: Shona

text: and

text: Ndebele

text: the

text: most

text: commonly

text: used

text:
Southern Africa is the southernmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics, and including several countries.
The term "southern Africa" or "Southern Africa", generally includes Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. From a political perspective the region is said to be unipolar with South Africa as a first regional power.

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: southernmost

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: African

text: continent

text: variably

text: defined

text: by

text: geography

text: or

text: geopolitics

text: and

text: including

text: several

text: countries

text: The

text: term

text: southern

text: Africa

text: or

text: Southern

text: Africa

text: generally

text: includes

text: Angola

text: Botswana

text: Lesotho

text: Malawi

text: Mozambique

text: Namibia

text: South

text: Africa

text: Swaziland

text: Zambia

text: and

text: Zimbabwe

text: From

text: political

text: perspective

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: be

text: unipolar

text: with

text: South

text: Africa

text: as

text: first

text: regional

text: power

text: Lesotho, officially the Kingdom of Lesotho, is an enclaved, landlocked country in southern Africa completely surrounded by South Africa. It is just over in size and has a population slightly over two million. Its capital and largest city is Maseru.

text: Lesotho

text: officially

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Lesotho

text: is

text: an

text: enclaved

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: southern

text: Africa

text: completely

text: surrounded

text: by

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: just

text: over

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: has

text: population

text: slightly

text: over

text: two

text: million

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Maseru

text: The Eastern Hemisphere is a geographical term for the half of the earth that is east of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, England) and west of the antimeridian. It is also used to refer to Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, in contrast with the Western Hemisphere, which includes North and South America. This hemisphere may also be called the "Oriental Hemisphere". In addition, it may be used in a cultural or geopolitical sense as a synonym for the "Old World".

text: The

text: Eastern

text: Hemisphere

text: is

text: geographical

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: earth

text: that

text: is

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: prime

text: meridian

text: which

text: crosses

text: Greenwich

text: England

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: antimeridian

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: Europe

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: and

text: Australia

text: in

text: contrast

text: with

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: which

text: includes

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: This

text: hemisphere

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: called

text: the

text: Oriental

text: Hemisphere

text: In

text: addition

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: in

text: cultural

text: or

text: geopolitical

text: sense

text: as

text: synonym

text: for

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: Stephanus Johannes Paulus "Paul" Kruger (10 October 1825  14 July 1904) was one of the dominant political and military figures in 19th-century South Africa, and President of the South African Republic (or Transvaal) from 1883 to 1900. Nicknamed "Oom Paul" ("Uncle Paul"), he came to international prominence as the face of the Boer causethat of the Transvaal and its neighbour the Orange Free Stateagainst Britain during the Second Boer War of 18991902. He has been called a personification of Afrikanerdom, and remains a controversial and divisive figure; admirers venerate him as a tragic folk hero, while critics view him as the obstinate guardian of an unjust cause.

text: Stephanus

text: Johannes

text: Paulus

text: Paul

text: Kruger

text: October

text: July

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: dominant

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: figures

text: in

text: century

text: South

text: Africa

text: and

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: South

text: African

text: Republic

text: or

text: Transvaal

text: from

text: to

text: Nicknamed

text: Oom

text: Paul

text: Uncle

text: Paul

text: he

text: came

text: to

text: international

text: prominence

text: as

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: the

text: Boer

text: causethat

text: of

text: the

text: Transvaal

text: and

text: its

text: neighbour

text: the

text: Orange

text: Free

text: Stateagainst

text: Britain

text: during

text: the

text: Second

text: Boer

text: War

text: of

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: personification

text: of

text: Afrikanerdom

text: and

text: remains

text: controversial

text: and

text: divisive

text: figure

text: admirers

text: venerate

text: him

text: as

text: tragic

text: folk

text: hero

text: while

text: critics

text: view

text: him

text: as

text: the

text: obstinate

text: guardian

text: of

text: an

text: unjust

text: cause

text: Mogale City Local Municipality is a local municipality in West Rand District Municipality, Gauteng, in South Africa.

text: Mogale

text: City

text: Local

text: Municipality

text: is

text: local

text: municipality

text: in

text: West

text: Rand

text: District

text: Municipality

text: Gauteng

text: in

text: South

text: Africa

text: Munsieville is a township situated in the Krugersdorp area in Gauteng Province , South Africa . It grew out of the informal settlements inhabited by mine laborers on the outskirts of the original mining town of Krugersdorp . The township was established by ordinance 58 of 1903 of the Krugersdorp municipality and called `` the native location '' . From the early 1930s to the 1940s , Mr. James Munsie , the white chief sanitary inspector ( medical officer ) of Krugersdorp , moved the location from a low drainage area to its current location , improving conditions .

text: Munsieville

text: is

text: township

text: situated

text: in

text: the

text: Krugersdorp

text: area

text: in

text: Gauteng

text: Province

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: informal

text: settlements

text: inhabited

text: by

text: mine

text: laborers

text: on

text: the

text: outskirts

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: mining

text: town

text: of

text: Krugersdorp

text: The

text: township

text: was

text: established

text: by

text: ordinance

text: of

text: of

text: the

text: Krugersdorp

text: municipality

text: and

text: called

text: the

text: native

text: location

text: From

text: the

text: early

text: to

text: the

text: Mr.

text: James

text: Munsie

text: the

text: white

text: chief

text: sanitary

text: inspector

text: medical

text: officer

text: of

text: Krugersdorp

text: moved

text: the

text: location

text: from

text: low

text: drainage

text: area

text: to

text: its

text: current

text: location

text: improving

text: conditions

text: The Witwatersrand aka The Reef, is a 56-kilometre-long north-facing scarp in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It consists of a hard, erosion-resistant quartzite sedimentary rock, over which several north-flowing rivers form waterfalls, which account for the name Witwatersrand, meaning the ridge of white waters in Afrikaans. This eastwest-running scarp can be traced with only one short gap from Bedfordview (about 10 km west of O.R. Tambo International Airport) in the east, through Johannesburg and Roodepoort, to Krugersdorp in the west (see the diagram bottom-left below).

text: The

text: Witwatersrand

text: aka

text: The

text: Reef

text: is

text: long

text: north

text: facing

text: scarp

text: in

text: the

text: Gauteng

text: Province

text: of

text: South

text: Africa

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: hard

text: erosion

text: resistant

text: quartzite

text: sedimentary

text: rock

text: over

text: which

text: several

text: north

text: flowing

text: rivers

text: form

text: waterfalls

text: which

text: account

text: for

text: the

text: name

text: Witwatersrand

text: meaning

text: the

text: ridge

text: of

text: white

text: waters

text: in

text: Afrikaans

text: This

text: eastwest

text: running

text: scarp

text: can

text: be

text: traced

text: with

text: only

text: one

text: short

text: gap

text: from

text: Bedfordview

text: about

text: km

text: west

text: of

text: O.R.

text: Tambo

text: International

text: Airport

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: through

text: Johannesburg

text: and

text: Roodepoort

text: to

text: Krugersdorp

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: see

text: the

text: diagram

text: bottom

text: left

text: below

text: Krugersdorp (Afrikaans for "Kruger's town") is a mining city in the West Rand, Gauteng Province, South Africa founded in 1887 by Marthinus Pretorius. Following the discovery of gold on the Witwatersrand, a need arose for a major town in the west of the reef. The government bought part of the Paardekraal farm and named the new town after the Transvaal president, Paul Kruger. Krugersdorp no longer has a separate municipal government after it was integrated into Mogale City Local Municipality along with surrounding towns. It is now the seat of government for Mogale City.

text: Krugersdorp

text: Afrikaans

text: for

text: Kruger

text: 's

text: town

text: is

text: mining

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: West

text: Rand

text: Gauteng

text: Province

text: South

text: Africa

text: founded

text: in

text: by

text: Marthinus

text: Pretorius

text: Following

text: the

text: discovery

text: of

text: gold

text: on

text: the

text: Witwatersrand

text: need

text: arose

text: for

text: major

text: town

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: reef

text: The

text: government

text: bought

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Paardekraal

text: farm

text: and

text: named

text: the

text: new

text: town

text: after

text: the

text: Transvaal

text: president

text: Paul

text: Kruger

text: Krugersdorp

text: no

text: longer

text: has

text: separate

text: municipal

text: government

text: after

text: it

text: was

text: integrated

text: into

text: Mogale

text: City

text: Local

text: Municipality

text: along

text: with

text: surrounding

text: towns

text: It

text: is

text: now

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: for

text: Mogale

text: City

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity munsieville

answer: mogale city local municipality

text: mogale city local municipality

text: mogale city local municipality


text: Chester Arthur Burnett (June 10, 1910  January 10, 1976), known as Howlin' Wolf, was a Chicago blues singer, guitarist, and harmonica player, originally from Mississippi. With a booming voice and looming physical presence, he is one of the best-known Chicago blues artists. Musician and critic Cub Koda noted, "no one could match Howlin' Wolf for the singular ability to rock the house down to the foundation while simultaneously scaring its patrons out of its wits." Producer Sam Phillips recalled, "When I heard Howlin' Wolf, I said, 'This is for me. This is where the soul of man never dies'". Several of his songs, including "Smokestack Lightnin'", "Back Door Man", "Killing Floor" and "Spoonful", have become blues and blues rock standards. In 2004, "Rolling Stone" magazine ranked him number 51 on its list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time".

text: Chester

text: Arthur

text: Burnett

text: June

text: January

text: known

text: as

text: Howlin

text: Wolf

text: was

text: Chicago

text: blues

text: singer

text: guitarist

text: and

text: harmonica

text: player

text: originally

text: from

text: Mississippi

text: With

text: booming

text: voice

text: and

text: looming

text: physical

text: presence

text: he

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: known

text: Chicago

text: blues

text: artists

text: Musician

text: and

text: critic

text: Cub

text: Koda

text: noted

text: no

text: one

text: could

text: match

text: Howlin

text: Wolf

text: for

text: the

text: singular

text: ability

text: to

text: rock

text: the

text: house

text: down

text: to

text: the

text: foundation

text: while

text: simultaneously

text: scaring

text: its

text: patrons

text: out

text: of

text: its

text: wits

text: Producer

text: Sam

text: Phillips

text: recalled

text: When

text: heard

text: Howlin

text: Wolf

text: said

text: This

text: is

text: for

text: me

text: This

text: is

text: where

text: the

text: soul

text: of

text: man

text: never

text: dies

text: Several

text: of

text: his

text: songs

text: including

text: Smokestack

text: Lightnin

text: Back

text: Door

text: Man

text: Killing

text: Floor

text: and

text: Spoonful

text: have

text: become

text: blues

text: and

text: blues

text: rock

text: standards

text: In

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: magazine

text: ranked

text: him

text: number

text: on

text: its

text: list

text: of

text: the

text: Greatest

text: Artists

text: of

text: All

text: Time

text:
Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. The term was originally used by record companies to describe recordings marketed predominantly to urban African Americans, at a time when "urbane, rocking, jazz based music with a heavy, insistent beat" was becoming more popular.
In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, the bands usually consisted of piano, one or two guitars, bass, drums, saxophone, and sometimes background vocalists. R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, and sex.

text: Rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: R&B

text: or

text: RnB

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: popular

text: African

text: American

text: music

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: originally

text: used

text: by

text: record

text: companies

text: to

text: describe

text: recordings

text: marketed

text: predominantly

text: to

text: urban

text: African

text: Americans

text: at

text: time

text: when

text: urbane

text: rocking

text: jazz

text: based

text: music

text: with

text: heavy

text: insistent

text: beat

text: was

text: becoming

text: more

text: popular

text: In

text: the

text: commercial

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: music

text: typical

text: of

text: the

text: through

text: the

text: the

text: bands

text: usually

text: consisted

text: of

text: piano

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: guitars

text: bass

text: drums

text: saxophone

text: and

text: sometimes

text: background

text: vocalists

text: R&B

text: lyrical

text: themes

text: often

text: encapsulate

text: the

text: African

text: American

text: experience

text: of

text: pain

text: and

text: the

text: quest

text: for

text: freedom

text: and

text: joy

text: Lyrics

text: focus

text: heavily

text: on

text: the

text: themes

text: of

text: triumphs

text: and

text: failures

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: relationships

text: freedom

text: economics

text: aspirations

text: and

text: sex

text: "Spoonful" is a blues song written by Willie Dixon and first recorded in 1960 by Howlin' Wolf. Called "a stark and haunting work", it is one of Dixon's best known and most interpreted songs. Etta James had a pop and R&B record chart hit with "Spoonful" in 1961, and it was popularized in the late 1960s by the British rock group Cream.

text: Spoonful

text: is

text: blues

text: song

text: written

text: by

text: Willie

text: Dixon

text: and

text: first

text: recorded

text: in

text: by

text: Howlin

text: Wolf

text: Called

text: stark

text: and

text: haunting

text: work

text: it

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Dixon

text: 's

text: best

text: known

text: and

text: most

text: interpreted

text: songs

text: Etta

text: James

text: had

text: pop

text: and

text: R&B

text: record

text: chart

text: hit

text: with

text: Spoonful

text: in

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: popularized

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: rock

text: group

text: Cream

text: A chant (from French ', from Latin ', "to sing") is the rhythmic speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones. Chants may range from a simple melody involving a limited set of notes to highly complex musical structures, often including a great deal of repetition of musical subphrases, such as Great Responsories and Offertories of Gregorian chant. Chant may be considered speech, music, or a heightened or stylized form of speech. In the later Middle Ages some religious chant evolved into song (forming one of the roots of later Western music).

text: chant

text: from

text: French

text: from

text: Latin

text: to

text: sing

text: is

text: the

text: rhythmic

text: speaking

text: or

text: singing

text: of

text: words

text: or

text: sounds

text: often

text: primarily

text: on

text: one

text: or

text: two

text: main

text: pitches

text: called

text: reciting

text: tones

text: Chants

text: may

text: range

text: from

text: simple

text: melody

text: involving

text: limited

text: set

text: of

text: notes

text: to

text: highly

text: complex

text: musical

text: structures

text: often

text: including

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: repetition

text: of

text: musical

text: subphrases

text: such

text: as

text: Great

text: Responsories

text: and

text: Offertories

text: of

text: Gregorian

text: chant

text: Chant

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: speech

text: music

text: or

text: heightened

text: or

text: stylized

text: form

text: of

text: speech

text: In

text: the

text: later

text: Middle

text: Ages

text: some

text: religious

text: chant

text: evolved

text: into

text: song

text: forming

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: roots

text: of

text: later

text: Western

text: music

text:
The Chicago blues is a form of blues music indigenous to Chicago, Illinois. Chicago blues is a type of urban blues. Urban blues evolved from classic blues following the Great Migration, or the Great Northern Drive, which was both forced and voluntary at times, of African-Americans from the southern United States to the industrial cities of the north, such as Chicago. Muddy Waters directly joined that migration, like many others, such as in Florida, avoiding the more harshly southern Jim Crow laws. Bruce Iglauer, founder of Alligator Records stated that, "Chicago blues is the music of the industrial city, and has an industrial sense about it." Additionally, recognizing the shift in blues, Chicago Blues singer and guitarist, Kevin Moore expressed the blues transition stating, "You have to put some new life into it, new blood, new perspectives. You can't keep talking about mules, workin' on the levee."
Chicago blues was heavily influenced by Mississippi bluesman who traveled to Chicago in the early 1940s. The development of blues, up to Chicago blues, is arguably as follows: Country blues, to city blues, to urban blues". Chicago blues is based around the sound of the electric guitar and the harmonica, with the harmonica played through a PA system or guitar amplifier.

text: The

text: Chicago

text: blues

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: blues

text: music

text: indigenous

text: to

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: Chicago

text: blues

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: urban

text: blues

text: Urban

text: blues

text: evolved

text: from

text: classic

text: blues

text: following

text: the

text: Great

text: Migration

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: Northern

text: Drive

text: which

text: was

text: both

text: forced

text: and

text: voluntary

text: at

text: times

text: of

text: African

text: Americans

text: from

text: the

text: southern

text: United

text: States

text: to

text: the

text: industrial

text: cities

text: of

text: the

text: north

text: such

text: as

text: Chicago

text: Muddy

text: Waters

text: directly

text: joined

text: that

text: migration

text: like

text: many

text: others

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: Florida

text: avoiding

text: the

text: more

text: harshly

text: southern

text: Jim

text: Crow

text: laws

text: Bruce

text: Iglauer

text: founder

text: of

text: Alligator

text: Records

text: stated

text: that

text: Chicago

text: blues

text: is

text: the

text: music

text: of

text: the

text: industrial

text: city

text: and

text: has

text: an

text: industrial

text: sense

text: about

text: it

text: Additionally

text: recognizing

text: the

text: shift

text: in

text: blues

text: Chicago

text: Blues

text: singer

text: and

text: guitarist

text: Kevin

text: Moore

text: expressed

text: the

text: blues

text: transition

text: stating

text: You

text: have

text: to

text: put

text: some

text: new

text: life

text: into

text: it

text: new

text: blood

text: new

text: perspectives

text: You

text: ca

text: n't

text: keep

text: talking

text: about

text: mules

text: workin

text: on

text: the

text: levee

text: Chicago

text: blues

text: was

text: heavily

text: influenced

text: by

text: Mississippi

text: bluesman

text: who

text: traveled

text: to

text: Chicago

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: The

text: development

text: of

text: blues

text: up

text: to

text: Chicago

text: blues

text: is

text: arguably

text: as

text: follows

text: Country

text: blues

text: to

text: city

text: blues

text: to

text: urban

text: blues

text: Chicago

text: blues

text: is

text: based

text: around

text: the

text: sound

text: of

text: the

text: electric

text: guitar

text: and

text: the

text: harmonica

text: with

text: the

text: harmonica

text: played

text: through

text: PA

text: system

text: or

text: guitar

text: amplifier

text: Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs and European-American folk music. Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common. Blue notes (or "worried notes"), usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch, are also an essential part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove.

text: Blues

text: is

text: genre

text: and

text: musical

text: form

text: originated

text: by

text: African

text: Americans

text: in

text: the

text: Deep

text: South

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: around

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: The

text: genre

text: developed

text: from

text: roots

text: in

text: African

text: musical

text: traditions

text: African

text: American

text: work

text: songs

text: and

text: European

text: American

text: folk

text: music

text: Blues

text: incorporated

text: spirituals

text: work

text: songs

text: field

text: hollers

text: shouts

text: chants

text: and

text: rhymed

text: simple

text: narrative

text: ballads

text: The

text: blues

text: form

text: ubiquitous

text: in

text: jazz

text: rhythm

text: and

text: blues

text: and

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: is

text: characterized

text: by

text: the

text: call

text: and

text: response

text: pattern

text: the

text: blues

text: scale

text: and

text: specific

text: chord

text: progressions

text: of

text: which

text: the

text: twelve

text: bar

text: blues

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: Blue

text: notes

text: or

text: worried

text: notes

text: usually

text: thirds

text: or

text: fifths

text: flattened

text: in

text: pitch

text: are

text: also

text: an

text: essential

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: sound

text: Blues

text: shuffles

text: or

text: walking

text: bass

text: reinforce

text: the

text: trance

text: like

text: rhythm

text: and

text: form

text: repetitive

text: effect

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: groove

text: `` Smokestack Lightning '' ( or `` Smoke Stack Lightning '' as listed on the original single , but `` Smokestack Lightnin ' '' on re-releases ) is a classic of the blues . Howlin ' Wolf recorded it in 1956 , and it became one of his most popular and influential songs . It is based on earlier blues songs , and numerous artists later interpreted it .

text: Smokestack

text: Lightning

text: or

text: Smoke

text: Stack

text: Lightning

text: as

text: listed

text: on

text: the

text: original

text: single

text: but

text: Smokestack

text: Lightnin

text: on

text: re

text: releases

text: is

text: classic

text: of

text: the

text: blues

text: Howlin

text: Wolf

text: recorded

text: it

text: in

text: and

text: it

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: most

text: popular

text: and

text: influential

text: songs

text: It

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: earlier

text: blues

text: songs

text: and

text: numerous

text: artists

text: later

text: interpreted

text: it

text: Michael "Cub" Koda (October 1, 1948  July 1, 2000) was an American rock and roll singer, guitarist, songwriter, disc jockey, music critic, and record compiler. "Rolling Stone" magazine considered him best known for writing the song "Smokin' in the Boys Room", recorded by Brownsville Station, which reached number 3 on the 1974 Billboard chart. He co-wrote and edited the "All Music Guide to the Blues", and "Blues for Dummies", and selected a version of each of the classic blues songs on the CD accompanying the book. He also wrote liner notes for the Trashmen, Jimmy Reed, J. B. Hutto, the Kingsmen, and the Miller Sisters, among others.

text: Michael

text: Cub

text: Koda

text: October

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: singer

text: guitarist

text: songwriter

text: disc

text: jockey

text: music

text: critic

text: and

text: record

text: compiler

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: magazine

text: considered

text: him

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: writing

text: the

text: song

text: Smokin

text: in

text: the

text: Boys

text: Room

text: recorded

text: by

text: Brownsville

text: Station

text: which

text: reached

text: number

text: on

text: the

text: Billboard

text: chart

text: He

text: co

text: wrote

text: and

text: edited

text: the

text: All

text: Music

text: Guide

text: to

text: the

text: Blues

text: and

text: Blues

text: for

text: Dummies

text: and

text: selected

text: version

text: of

text: each

text: of

text: the

text: classic

text: blues

text: songs

text: on

text: the

text: CD

text: accompanying

text: the

text: book

text: He

text: also

text: wrote

text: liner

text: notes

text: for

text: the

text: Trashmen

text: Jimmy

text: Reed

text: Hutto

text: the

text: Kingsmen

text: and

text: the

text: Miller

text: Sisters

text: among

text: others

text: "Back Door Man" is a blues song written by Willie Dixon and recorded by Howlin' Wolf in 1960. It was released in 1961 by Chess Records as the B-side to Wolf's "Wang Dang Doodle" (catalog no. 1777). The song is considered a classic of Chicago blues.

text: Back

text: Door

text: Man

text: is

text: blues

text: song

text: written

text: by

text: Willie

text: Dixon

text: and

text: recorded

text: by

text: Howlin

text: Wolf

text: in

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: by

text: Chess

text: Records

text: as

text: the

text: side

text: to

text: Wolf

text: 's

text: Wang

text: Dang

text: Doodle

text: catalog

text: no

text: The

text: song

text: is

text: considered

text: classic

text: of

text: Chicago

text: blues

text: Samuel Cornelius "Sam" Phillips (January 5, 1923  July 30, 2003) was an American musician, businessman, record executive, music producer, and disc jockey who played an important role in the emergence and development of rock and roll and rockabilly as the major form of popular music in the 1950s. He was a producer, label owner, and talent scout throughout the 1940s and 1950s.

text: Samuel

text: Cornelius

text: Sam

text: Phillips

text: January

text: July

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: musician

text: businessman

text: record

text: executive

text: music

text: producer

text: and

text: disc

text: jockey

text: who

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: emergence

text: and

text: development

text: of

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: and

text: rockabilly

text: as

text: the

text: major

text: form

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: He

text: was

text: producer

text: label

text: owner

text: and

text: talent

text: scout

text: throughout

text: the

text: and

text: The Deep South is a cultural and geographic subregion in the Southern United States. Historically, it is differentiated from the "Upper South" as being the states most dependent on plantation-type agriculture and considered slave societies during the preCivil War period. The Deep South was also commonly referred to as the Lower South or the Cotton States, for their production of cotton as the primary commodity crop.

text: The

text: Deep

text: South

text: is

text: cultural

text: and

text: geographic

text: subregion

text: in

text: the

text: Southern

text: United

text: States

text: Historically

text: it

text: is

text: differentiated

text: from

text: the

text: Upper

text: South

text: as

text: being

text: the

text: states

text: most

text: dependent

text: on

text: plantation

text: type

text: agriculture

text: and

text: considered

text: slave

text: societies

text: during

text: the

text: preCivil

text: War

text: period

text: The

text: Deep

text: South

text: was

text: also

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Lower

text: South

text: or

text: the

text: Cotton

text: States

text: for

text: their

text: production

text: of

text: cotton

text: as

text: the

text: primary

text: commodity

text: crop

question: record_label smokestack lightning

answer: chess records

text: chess records


text: Underwater Adventure is a 1954 children 's book by the Canadian - born American author Willard Price featuring his `` Adventure '' series characters , Hal and Roger Hunt . The book is about how they go diving and snorkelling for the Oceanographic institute , with a braggish and self - centered man , Skink , on their exciting journey .

text: Underwater

text: Adventure

text: is

text: children

text: 's

text: book

text: by

text: the

text: Canadian

text: born

text: American

text: author

text: Willard

text: Price

text: featuring

text: his

text: Adventure

text: series

text: characters

text: Hal

text: and

text: Roger

text: Hunt

text: The

text: book

text: is

text: about

text: how

text: they

text: go

text: diving

text: and

text: snorkelling

text: for

text: the

text: Oceanographic

text: institute

text: with

text: braggish

text: and

text: self

text: centered

text: man

text: Skink

text: on

text: their

text: exciting

text: journey

text: Hal and Roger Hunt are fictional characters appearing in the children's "Adventure" novel series, by Canadian-born American author Willard Price. The sons of world-renowned animal collector John Hunt, Hal and Roger have grown up alongside exotic and dangerous wildlife. In "Amazon Adventure", the boys' literary debut, Hal is 19 years old and Roger is 13 years old.

text: Hal

text: and

text: Roger

text: Hunt

text: are

text: fictional

text: characters

text: appearing

text: in

text: the

text: children

text: 's

text: Adventure

text: novel

text: series

text: by

text: Canadian

text: born

text: American

text: author

text: Willard

text: Price

text: The

text: sons

text: of

text: world

text: renowned

text: animal

text: collector

text: John

text: Hunt

text: Hal

text: and

text: Roger

text: have

text: grown

text: up

text: alongside

text: exotic

text: and

text: dangerous

text: wildlife

text: In

text: Amazon

text: Adventure

text: the

text: boys

text: literary

text: debut

text: Hal

text: is

text: years

text: old

text: and

text: Roger

text: is

text: years

text: old

text: Amazon Adventure is a 1949 children's novel by the Canadian-born American author Willard Price featuring his "Adventure" series characters, Hal and Roger Hunt. It depicts an expedition to the Amazon River to capture animals for their father's wildlife collection business.

text: Amazon

text: Adventure

text: is

text: children

text: 's

text: novel

text: by

text: the

text: Canadian

text: born

text: American

text: author

text: Willard

text: Price

text: featuring

text: his

text: Adventure

text: series

text: characters

text: Hal

text: and

text: Roger

text: Hunt

text: It

text: depicts

text: an

text: expedition

text: to

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: to

text: capture

text: animals

text: for

text: their

text: father

text: 's

text: wildlife

text: collection

text: business

annotations: likely single

annotations: follows single

question: genre underwater adventure

answer: novel

text: novel

text: novel