text: A biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description of a person's life. It involves more than just the basic facts like education, work, relationships, and death; it portrays a person's experience of these life events. Unlike a profile or curriculum vitae (résumé), a biography presents a subject's life story, highlighting various aspects of his or her life, including intimate details of experience, and may include an analysis of the subject's personality.

text: biography

text: or

text: simply

text: bio

text: is

text: detailed

text: description

text: of

text: person

text: 's

text: life

text: It

text: involves

text: more

text: than

text: just

text: the

text: basic

text: facts

text: like

text: education

text: work

text: relationships

text: and

text: death

text: it

text: portrays

text: person

text: 's

text: experience

text: of

text: these

text: life

text: events

text: Unlike

text: profile

text: or

text: curriculum

text: vitae

text: résumé

text: biography

text: presents

text: subject

text: 's

text: life

text: story

text: highlighting

text: various

text: aspects

text: of

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: life

text: including

text: intimate

text: details

text: of

text: experience

text: and

text: may

text: include

text: an

text: analysis

text: of

text: the

text: subject

text: 's

text: personality

text: Fiction is the classification for any story or universe derived from imaginationin other words, not based strictly on history or fact. Fiction can be expressed in a variety of formats, including writings, live performances, films, television programs, animations, video games, and role-playing games, though the term originally and most commonly refers to the narrative forms of literature (see "literary" fiction), including the novel, novella, short story, and play. Fiction constitutes an act of creative invention, so that faithfulness to reality is not typically assumed; in other words, fiction is not expected to present only characters who are actual people or descriptions that are factually true. The context of fiction is generally open to interpretation, due to fiction's freedom from any necessary embedding in reality; however, some fictional works are claimed to be, or marketed as, historically or factually accurate, complicating the traditional distinction between fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is a classification or category, rather than a specific mode or genre, unless used in a narrower sense as a synonym for a particular literary fiction form.

text: Fiction

text: is

text: the

text: classification

text: for

text: any

text: story

text: or

text: universe

text: derived

text: from

text: imaginationin

text: other

text: words

text: not

text: based

text: strictly

text: on

text: history

text: or

text: fact

text: Fiction

text: can

text: be

text: expressed

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: formats

text: including

text: writings

text: live

text: performances

text: films

text: television

text: programs

text: animations

text: video

text: games

text: and

text: role

text: playing

text: games

text: though

text: the

text: term

text: originally

text: and

text: most

text: commonly

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: narrative

text: forms

text: of

text: literature

text: see

text: literary

text: fiction

text: including

text: the

text: novel

text: novella

text: short

text: story

text: and

text: play

text: Fiction

text: constitutes

text: an

text: act

text: of

text: creative

text: invention

text: so

text: that

text: faithfulness

text: to

text: reality

text: is

text: not

text: typically

text: assumed

text: in

text: other

text: words

text: fiction

text: is

text: not

text: expected

text: to

text: present

text: only

text: characters

text: who

text: are

text: actual

text: people

text: or

text: descriptions

text: that

text: are

text: factually

text: true

text: The

text: context

text: of

text: fiction

text: is

text: generally

text: open

text: to

text: interpretation

text: due

text: to

text: fiction

text: 's

text: freedom

text: from

text: any

text: necessary

text: embedding

text: in

text: reality

text: however

text: some

text: fictional

text: works

text: are

text: claimed

text: to

text: be

text: or

text: marketed

text: as

text: historically

text: or

text: factually

text: accurate

text: complicating

text: the

text: traditional

text: distinction

text: between

text: fiction

text: and

text: non

text: fiction

text: Fiction

text: is

text: classification

text: or

text: category

text: rather

text: than

text: specific

text: mode

text: or

text: genre

text: unless

text: used

text: in

text: narrower

text: sense

text: as

text: synonym

text: for

text: particular

text: literary

text: fiction

text: form

text: Non-fiction or nonfiction is content (sometimes, in the form of a story) whose creator, in good faith, assumes responsibility for the truth or accuracy of the events, people, and/or information presented. In contrast, a story whose creator explicitly leaves open if and how the work refers to reality is usually classified as fiction. Nonfiction, which may be presented either objectively or subjectively, is traditionally one of the two main divisions of narratives (and, specifically, prose writing), the other traditional division being fiction, which contrasts with nonfiction by dealing in information, events, and characters expected to be partly or largely imaginary.

text: Non

text: fiction

text: or

text: nonfiction

text: is

text: content

text: sometimes

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: story

text: whose

text: creator

text: in

text: good

text: faith

text: assumes

text: responsibility

text: for

text: the

text: truth

text: or

text: accuracy

text: of

text: the

text: events

text: people

text: and/or

text: information

text: presented

text: In

text: contrast

text: story

text: whose

text: creator

text: explicitly

text: leaves

text: open

text: if

text: and

text: how

text: the

text: work

text: refers

text: to

text: reality

text: is

text: usually

text: classified

text: as

text: fiction

text: Nonfiction

text: which

text: may

text: be

text: presented

text: either

text: objectively

text: or

text: subjectively

text: is

text: traditionally

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: main

text: divisions

text: of

text: narratives

text: and

text: specifically

text: prose

text: writing

text: the

text: other

text: traditional

text: division

text: being

text: fiction

text: which

text: contrasts

text: with

text: nonfiction

text: by

text: dealing

text: in

text: information

text: events

text: and

text: characters

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: partly

text: or

text: largely

text: imaginary

text: `` The Rug and the Bull '' is a fantasy story written by L. Sprague de Camp as part of his Pusadian series . It was first published in the anthology Flashing Swords ! # 2 , edited by Lin Carter ( Doubleday , 1973 ) . It has also been translated into Italian , German and Dutch .

text: The

text: Rug

text: and

text: the

text: Bull

text: is

text: fantasy

text: story

text: written

text: by

text: Sprague

text: de

text: Camp

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: Pusadian

text: series

text: It

text: was

text: first

text: published

text: in

text: the

text: anthology

text: Flashing

text: Swords

text: edited

text: by

text: Lin

text: Carter

text: Doubleday

text: It

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: translated

text: into

text: Italian

text: German

text: and

text: Dutch

text: Lyon Sprague de Camp (November 27, 1907  November 6, 2000)  known as L. Sprague de Camp  was an American writer of science fiction, fantasy, non-fiction and biography. In a career spanning 60 years, he wrote over 100 books, including novels and works of non-fiction, including biographies of other fantasy authors. He was a major figure in science fiction during the genre's heyday in the 1930s and 1940s.

text: Lyon

text: Sprague

text: de

text: Camp

text: November

text: November

text: known

text: as

text: Sprague

text: de

text: Camp

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: writer

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: fantasy

text: non

text: fiction

text: and

text: biography

text: In

text: career

text: spanning

text: years

text: he

text: wrote

text: over

text: books

text: including

text: novels

text: and

text: works

text: of

text: non

text: fiction

text: including

text: biographies

text: of

text: other

text: fantasy

text: authors

text: He

text: was

text: major

text: figure

text: in

text: science

text: fiction

text: during

text: the

text: genre

text: 's

text: heyday

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a "literature of ideas." It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction.

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: SF

text: sci

text: fi

text: or

text: scifi

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: typically

text: dealing

text: with

text: imaginative

text: concepts

text: such

text: as

text: futuristic

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: space

text: travel

text: time

text: travel

text: faster

text: than

text: light

text: travel

text: parallel

text: universes

text: and

text: extraterrestrial

text: life

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: explores

text: the

text: potential

text: consequences

text: of

text: scientific

text: and

text: other

text: innovations

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: literature

text: of

text: ideas

text: It

text: usually

text: avoids

text: the

text: supernatural

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: related

text: genre

text: of

text: fantasy

text: historically

text: science

text: fiction

text: stories

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: have

text: grounding

text: in

text: science

text: based

text: fact

text: or

text: theory

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: story

text: was

text: created

text: but

text: this

text: connection

text: is

text: now

text: limited

text: to

text: hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: Speculative fiction is a broad umbrella genre denoting any narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements; this encompasses the genres of science fiction, fantasy, horror, alternative history, magic realism, and superhero fiction, as well as combinations of the previous genres. It typically strays strongly from reality and so may feature fictional types of beings like mythical creatures and supernatural entities, technologies that do not exist in real life like time machines and interstellar spaceships, or magical or otherwise scientifically inexplicable elements. The term's popularity is sometimes attributed to Robert Heinlein, who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay, although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction, or its variant "speculative literature".

text: Speculative

text: fiction

text: is

text: broad

text: umbrella

text: genre

text: denoting

text: any

text: narrative

text: fiction

text: with

text: supernatural

text: or

text: futuristic

text: elements

text: this

text: encompasses

text: the

text: genres

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: fantasy

text: horror

text: alternative

text: history

text: magic

text: realism

text: and

text: superhero

text: fiction

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: combinations

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: genres

text: It

text: typically

text: strays

text: strongly

text: from

text: reality

text: and

text: so

text: may

text: feature

text: fictional

text: types

text: of

text: beings

text: like

text: mythical

text: creatures

text: and

text: supernatural

text: entities

text: technologies

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: real

text: life

text: like

text: time

text: machines

text: and

text: interstellar

text: spaceships

text: or

text: magical

text: or

text: otherwise

text: scientifically

text: inexplicable

text: elements

text: The

text: term

text: 's

text: popularity

text: is

text: sometimes

text: attributed

text: to

text: Robert

text: Heinlein

text: who

text: referenced

text: it

text: in

text: in

text: an

text: editorial

text: essay

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: prior

text: mentions

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: or

text: its

text: variant

text: speculative

text: literature

text: The supernatural (Medieval Latin: "superntrlis": "supra" "above" + "naturalis" "natural", first used: 15201530 AD) includes all that cannot be explained by science or the laws of nature, including things characteristic of or relating to ghosts, gods, or other supernatural beings, or to things beyond nature.

text: The

text: supernatural

text: Medieval

text: Latin

text: superntrlis

text: supra

text: above

text: naturalis

text: natural

text: first

text: used

text: AD

text: includes

text: all

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: explained

text: by

text: science

text: or

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: nature

text: including

text: things

text: characteristic

text: of

text: or

text: relating

text: to

text: ghosts

text: gods

text: or

text: other

text: supernatural

text: beings

text: or

text: to

text: things

text: beyond

text: nature

text: Howard Phillips Lovecraft (August 20, 1890  March 15, 1937) was an American author who achieved posthumous fame through his influential works of horror fiction. Virtually unknown and published only in pulp magazines before he died in poverty, he is now regarded as one of the most significant 20th-century authors in his genre. Lovecraft was born in Providence, Rhode Island, where he spent most of his life. Among his most celebrated tales are "The Call of Cthulhu" and "The Shadow over Innsmouth", both canonical to the "Cthulhu Mythos". Never able to support himself from earnings as author and editor, Lovecraft saw commercial success increasingly elude him in this latter period, partly because he lacked the confidence and drive to promote himself. He subsisted in progressively straitened circumstances in his last years; an inheritance was completely spent by the time he died at the age of 46.

text: Howard

text: Phillips

text: Lovecraft

text: August

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: author

text: who

text: achieved

text: posthumous

text: fame

text: through

text: his

text: influential

text: works

text: of

text: horror

text: fiction

text: Virtually

text: unknown

text: and

text: published

text: only

text: in

text: pulp

text: magazines

text: before

text: he

text: died

text: in

text: poverty

text: he

text: is

text: now

text: regarded

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: significant

text: century

text: authors

text: in

text: his

text: genre

text: Lovecraft

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Providence

text: Rhode

text: Island

text: where

text: he

text: spent

text: most

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: Among

text: his

text: most

text: celebrated

text: tales

text: are

text: The

text: Call

text: of

text: Cthulhu

text: and

text: The

text: Shadow

text: over

text: Innsmouth

text: both

text: canonical

text: to

text: the

text: Cthulhu

text: Mythos

text: Never

text: able

text: to

text: support

text: himself

text: from

text: earnings

text: as

text: author

text: and

text: editor

text: Lovecraft

text: saw

text: commercial

text: success

text: increasingly

text: elude

text: him

text: in

text: this

text: latter

text: period

text: partly

text: because

text: he

text: lacked

text: the

text: confidence

text: and

text: drive

text: to

text: promote

text: himself

text: He

text: subsisted

text: in

text: progressively

text: straitened

text: circumstances

text: in

text: his

text: last

text: years

text: an

text: inheritance

text: was

text: completely

text: spent

text: by

text: the

text: time

text: he

text: died

text: at

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: Sword and sorcery (S&S) is a subgenre of fantasy generally characterized by sword-wielding heroes engaged in exciting and violent conflicts. An element of romance is often present, as is an element of magic and the supernatural. Unlike works of high fantasy, the tales, though dramatic, focus mainly on personal battles rather than world-endangering matters. Sword and sorcery commonly overlaps with heroic fantasy.

text: Sword

text: and

text: sorcery

text: S&S

text: is

text: subgenre

text: of

text: fantasy

text: generally

text: characterized

text: by

text: sword

text: wielding

text: heroes

text: engaged

text: in

text: exciting

text: and

text: violent

text: conflicts

text: An

text: element

text: of

text: romance

text: is

text: often

text: present

text: as

text: is

text: an

text: element

text: of

text: magic

text: and

text: the

text: supernatural

text: Unlike

text: works

text: of

text: high

text: fantasy

text: the

text: tales

text: though

text: dramatic

text: focus

text: mainly

text: on

text: personal

text: battles

text: rather

text: than

text: world

text: endangering

text: matters

text: Sword

text: and

text: sorcery

text: commonly

text: overlaps

text: with

text: heroic

text: fantasy

text: Genre (or ; from French "genre" , "kind" or "sort", from Latin "genus" (stem "gener-"), Greek , "gés")

text: Genre

text: or

text: from

text: French

text: genre

text: kind

text: or

text: sort

text: from

text: Latin

text: genus

text: stem

text: gener-

text: Greek

text: gés

text: Poseidonis is an imagined last remnant of the lost continent of Atlantis, detailed in a series of short stories by Clark Ashton Smith. Smith based Poseidonis on Theosophical scriptures about Atlantis, (such as "Secret Doctrine" by Helena Blavatsky) and his concept of "the last isle of foundering Atlantis" is echoed by the Isle of Meneltarma in J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium.

text: Poseidonis

text: is

text: an

text: imagined

text: last

text: remnant

text: of

text: the

text: lost

text: continent

text: of

text: Atlantis

text: detailed

text: in

text: series

text: of

text: short

text: stories

text: by

text: Clark

text: Ashton

text: Smith

text: Smith

text: based

text: Poseidonis

text: on

text: Theosophical

text: scriptures

text: about

text: Atlantis

text: such

text: as

text: Secret

text: Doctrine

text: by

text: Helena

text: Blavatsky

text: and

text: his

text: concept

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: isle

text: of

text: foundering

text: Atlantis

text: is

text: echoed

text: by

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Meneltarma

text: in

text: Tolkien

text: 's

text: legendarium

text: The Pusadian series is a sequence of fantasy stories by L. Sprague de Camp, begun in the early 1950s and written under the influence of Robert E. Howard's Conan stories. It is also known as the Poseidonis series. It was the first post-Howard attempt at serious world-building of a fantasy setting in the Howard vein, prefiguring the numerous sword and sorcery settings of the 1960s and 1970s.

text: The

text: Pusadian

text: series

text: is

text: sequence

text: of

text: fantasy

text: stories

text: by

text: Sprague

text: de

text: Camp

text: begun

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: written

text: under

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: Robert

text: Howard

text: 's

text: Conan

text: stories

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Poseidonis

text: series

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: post

text: Howard

text: attempt

text: at

text: serious

text: world

text: building

text: of

text: fantasy

text: setting

text: in

text: the

text: Howard

text: vein

text: prefiguring

text: the

text: numerous

text: sword

text: and

text: sorcery

text: settings

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: Linwood Vrooman Carter (June 9, 1930  February 7, 1988) was an American author of science fiction and fantasy, as well as an editor, poet and critic. He usually wrote as Lin Carter; known pseudonyms include H. P. Lowcraft (for an H. P. Lovecraft parody) and Grail Undwin. He is best known for editing the Ballantine Adult Fantasy series in the 1970s, which introduced readers to many overlooked classics of the fantasy genre.

text: Linwood

text: Vrooman

text: Carter

text: June

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: author

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: and

text: fantasy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: editor

text: poet

text: and

text: critic

text: He

text: usually

text: wrote

text: as

text: Lin

text: Carter

text: known

text: pseudonyms

text: include

text: Lowcraft

text: for

text: an

text: Lovecraft

text: parody

text: and

text: Grail

text: Undwin

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: editing

text: the

text: Ballantine

text: Adult

text: Fantasy

text: series

text: in

text: the

text: which

text: introduced

text: readers

text: to

text: many

text: overlooked

text: classics

text: of

text: the

text: fantasy

text: genre

text: Fantasy is a fiction genre set in an imaginary universe, often but not always without any locations, events, or people from the real world. Most fantasy uses magic or other supernatural elements as a main plot element, theme, or setting. Magic and magical creatures are common in many of these imaginary worlds. Fantasy is generally distinguished from the genres of science fiction and horror by the expectation that it steers clear of scientific and macabre themes, respectively, though there is a great deal of overlap between the three, all of which are subgenres of speculative fiction.

text: Fantasy

text: is

text: fiction

text: genre

text: set

text: in

text: an

text: imaginary

text: universe

text: often

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: without

text: any

text: locations

text: events

text: or

text: people

text: from

text: the

text: real

text: world

text: Most

text: fantasy

text: uses

text: magic

text: or

text: other

text: supernatural

text: elements

text: as

text: main

text: plot

text: element

text: theme

text: or

text: setting

text: Magic

text: and

text: magical

text: creatures

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: these

text: imaginary

text: worlds

text: Fantasy

text: is

text: generally

text: distinguished

text: from

text: the

text: genres

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: and

text: horror

text: by

text: the

text: expectation

text: that

text: it

text: steers

text: clear

text: of

text: scientific

text: and

text: macabre

text: themes

text: respectively

text: though

text: there

text: is

text: great

text: deal

text: of

text: overlap

text: between

text: the

text: three

text: all

text: of

text: which

text: are

text: subgenres

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: Robert Ervin Howard (January 22, 1906  June 11, 1936) was an American author who wrote pulp fiction in a diverse range of genres. He is well known for his character Conan the Barbarian and is regarded as the father of the sword and sorcery subgenre.

text: Robert

text: Ervin

text: Howard

text: January

text: June

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: author

text: who

text: wrote

text: pulp

text: fiction

text: in

text: diverse

text: range

text: of

text: genres

text: He

text: is

text: well

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: character

text: Conan

text: the

text: Barbarian

text: and

text: is

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: sword

text: and

text: sorcery

text: subgenre

annotations: follows single

question: instance_of the rug and the bull

answer: short story

text: short story


text: A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague.

text: river

text: is

text: natural

text: flowing

text: watercourse

text: usually

text: freshwater

text: flowing

text: towards

text: an

text: ocean

text: sea

text: lake

text: or

text: another

text: river

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: river

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: becomes

text: dry

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: its

text: course

text: without

text: reaching

text: another

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Small

text: rivers

text: can

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: using

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: stream

text: creek

text: brook

text: rivulet

text: and

text: rill

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: definitions

text: for

text: the

text: generic

text: term

text: river

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: geographic

text: features

text: although

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: or

text: communities

text: stream

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: size

text: Many

text: names

text: for

text: small

text: rivers

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: geographic

text: location

text: examples

text: are

text: run

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: burn

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: northeast

text: England

text: and

text: beck

text: in

text: northern

text: England

text: Sometimes

text: river

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: larger

text: than

text: creek

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: vague

text: The Indus River, also called Darya-e-Sindh or Sindh River or Absn, is a major south-flowing river in South Asia. The total length of the river is which makes it one of the longest rivers in Asia. Originating in the western part of Tibet in the vicinity of Mount Kailash and Lake Manasarovar, the river runs a course through Ladakh, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and then flows along the entire length of Punjab to merge into the Arabian Sea near the city of Thatta in Sindh. It is the longest river of Pakistan.

text: The

text: Indus

text: River

text: also

text: called

text: Darya

text: Sindh

text: or

text: Sindh

text: River

text: or

text: Absn

text: is

text: major

text: south

text: flowing

text: river

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: The

text: total

text: length

text: of

text: the

text: river

text: is

text: which

text: makes

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: rivers

text: in

text: Asia

text: Originating

text: in

text: the

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: Tibet

text: in

text: the

text: vicinity

text: of

text: Mount

text: Kailash

text: and

text: Lake

text: Manasarovar

text: the

text: river

text: runs

text: course

text: through

text: Ladakh

text: Gilgit

text: Baltistan

text: and

text: Khyber

text: Pakhtunkhwa

text: and

text: then

text: flows

text: along

text: the

text: entire

text: length

text: of

text: Punjab

text: to

text: merge

text: into

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: near

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Thatta

text: in

text: Sindh

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: longest

text: river

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: Kabul (Pashto/) is the capital of Afghanistan as well as its largest city, located in the eastern section of the country. According to a 2015 estimate, the population of the city was around 3,678,033 which includes all the major ethnic groups. Rapid urbanization had made Kabul the world's 64th largest city and the fifth fastest-growing city in the world.

text: Kabul

text: Pashto/

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: eastern

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: According

text: to

text: estimate

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: was

text: around

text: which

text: includes

text: all

text: the

text: major

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: Rapid

text: urbanization

text: had

text: made

text: Kabul

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: fastest

text: growing

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Shahidan /  ( also Shaidan , Dari / Hazaragi language :  ) is located in Bamiyan. , about 260 km ( 160 mi ) northwest of Kabul and west of Bamiyan city , the provincial capital of Bamiyan Province . A large place between two famous mountain ranges Koh - i - Baba and Hindu Kush . Shahidan had a population of 25,500 . Also a large part of Shahidan people are as refugees outside the country , especially in Iran and Pakistan .

text: Shahidan

text: also

text: Shaidan

text: Dari

text: Hazaragi

text: language

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: Bamiyan

text: about

text: km

text: mi

text: northwest

text: of

text: Kabul

text: and

text: west

text: of

text: Bamiyan

text: city

text: the

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: Bamiyan

text: Province

text: large

text: place

text: between

text: two

text: famous

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: Koh

text: Baba

text: and

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: Shahidan

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: Also

text: large

text: part

text: of

text: Shahidan

text: people

text: are

text: as

text: refugees

text: outside

text: the

text: country

text: especially

text: in

text: Iran

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: The Baba Mountain range ("Bâbâ ar"; "Koh-e Bâbâ") is the western extension of the Hindu Kush, and the origin of Afghanistan's Kabul, Helmand, Arghandab and the Hari River. The mountain range is crowned by Foladi peak ("Shah Fuladi") rising 4951 m; 16,244 ft. above sea level, and is located south of Bamyan, Afghanistan.

text: The

text: Baba

text: Mountain

text: range

text: Bâbâ

text: ar

text: Koh

text: Bâbâ

text: is

text: the

text: western

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: and

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: 's

text: Kabul

text: Helmand

text: Arghandab

text: and

text: the

text: Hari

text: River

text: The

text: mountain

text: range

text: is

text: crowned

text: by

text: Foladi

text: peak

text: Shah

text: Fuladi

text: rising

text: ft

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: and

text: is

text: located

text: south

text: of

text: Bamyan

text: Afghanistan

text:
Afghan (Pashto also Persian: ; see "etymology") refers to someone or something from Afghanistan, in particular a citizen of that country. Prior to the rise of the nation as Afghanistan, it was used by Persian speakers and those influenced by the Persian language to denote the Pashtun people. In modern times, "Afghan" is rarely used as an ethnic term for the Pashtuns, but is rather used as the national demonym for all citizens of Afghanistan  Pashtuns, Tajiks, and also a large number of Hazaras, Uzbeks, Aimaqs, Turkmens, Balochs, Nuristanis, Pashayis, Pamiris, Arabs, and others.
According to the "Encyclopædia Iranica", the word Afghan (afn) in current political usage means any citizen of Afghanistan, regardless of their tribal or religious affiliation. According to the 1964 Constitution of Afghanistan, all Afghans are equal in rights and obligations before the law. The fourth article of the current Constitution of Afghanistan states that citizens of Afghanistan consist of Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazara, Uzbek, Turkmen, Aymaq, Arab, Baluch, Pashayi, Nuristani, Qezelbash, Gujjars, Brahui, and members of other tribes.

text: Afghan

text: Pashto

text: also

text: Persian

text: see

text: etymology

text: refers

text: to

text: someone

text: or

text: something

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: in

text: particular

text: citizen

text: of

text: that

text: country

text: Prior

text: to

text: the

text: rise

text: of

text: the

text: nation

text: as

text: Afghanistan

text: it

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: Persian

text: speakers

text: and

text: those

text: influenced

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: language

text: to

text: denote

text: the

text: Pashtun

text: people

text: In

text: modern

text: times

text: Afghan

text: is

text: rarely

text: used

text: as

text: an

text: ethnic

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: Pashtuns

text: but

text: is

text: rather

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: national

text: demonym

text: for

text: all

text: citizens

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: Pashtuns

text: Tajiks

text: and

text: also

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: Hazaras

text: Uzbeks

text: Aimaqs

text: Turkmens

text: Balochs

text: Nuristanis

text: Pashayis

text: Pamiris

text: Arabs

text: and

text: others

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Encyclopædia

text: Iranica

text: the

text: word

text: Afghan

text: afn

text: in

text: current

text: political

text: usage

text: means

text: any

text: citizen

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: regardless

text: of

text: their

text: tribal

text: or

text: religious

text: affiliation

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: all

text: Afghans

text: are

text: equal

text: in

text: rights

text: and

text: obligations

text: before

text: the

text: law

text: The

text: fourth

text: article

text: of

text: the

text: current

text: Constitution

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: states

text: that

text: citizens

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: consist

text: of

text: Pashtuns

text: Tajiks

text: Hazara

text: Uzbek

text: Turkmen

text: Aymaq

text: Arab

text: Baluch

text: Pashayi

text: Nuristani

text: Qezelbash

text: Gujjars

text: Brahui

text: and

text: members

text: of

text: other

text: tribes

text: Pakistan (or ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a federal parliamentary republic in South Asia on crossroads of Central Asia and Western Asia. It is the sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 200 million people. It is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area with an area covering . Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast respectively. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.

text: Pakistan

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: South

text: Asia

text: on

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: with

text: population

text: exceeding

text: million

text: people

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: area

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: covering

text: Pakistan

text: has

text: coastline

text: along

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: India

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: respectively

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Tajikistan

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: 's

text: narrow

text: Wakhan

text: Corridor

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: also

text: shares

text: maritime

text: border

text: with

text: Oman

text: Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas. The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008. It is predicted that by 2050 about 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be urbanized. That is equivalent to approximately 3 billion urbanites by 2050, much of which will occur in Africa and Asia. Notably, the United Nations has also recently projected that nearly all global population growth from 2016 to 2030 will be absorbed by cities, about 1.1 billion new urbanites over the next 14 years.

text: Urbanization

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: population

text: shift

text: from

text: rural

text: to

text: urban

text: areas

text: the

text: gradual

text: increase

text: in

text: the

text: proportion

text: of

text: people

text: living

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: and

text: the

text: ways

text: in

text: which

text: each

text: society

text: adapts

text: to

text: the

text: change

text: It

text: is

text: predominantly

text: the

text: process

text: by

text: which

text: towns

text: and

text: cities

text: are

text: formed

text: and

text: become

text: larger

text: as

text: more

text: people

text: begin

text: living

text: and

text: working

text: in

text: central

text: areas

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: projected

text: that

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: population

text: would

text: live

text: in

text: urban

text: areas

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: predicted

text: that

text: by

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: will

text: be

text: urbanized

text: That

text: is

text: equivalent

text: to

text: approximately

text: billion

text: urbanites

text: by

text: much

text: of

text: which

text: will

text: occur

text: in

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: Notably

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: has

text: also

text: recently

text: projected

text: that

text: nearly

text: all

text: global

text: population

text: growth

text: from

text: to

text: will

text: be

text: absorbed

text: by

text: cities

text: about

text: billion

text: new

text: urbanites

text: over

text: the

text: next

text: years

text: Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari: , "Afnistn"), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. It has a population of approximately 32 million, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. Its territory covers , making it the 41st largest country in the world.

text: Afghanistan

text: Pashto

text: Dari

text: Afnistn

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: located

text: within

text: South

text: Asia

text: and

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Pakistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Turkmenistan

text: Uzbekistan

text: and

text: Tajikistan

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: far

text: northeast

text: Its

text: territory

text: covers

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Pashto (; "Paxt" ), also known in older literature as Afghn or Pahn, is the South-Central Asian language of the Pashtuns. Its speakers are called Pashtuns or Pukhtuns and sometimes Afghans or Pathans. It is an Eastern Iranian language, belonging to the Indo-European family. Pashto is one of the two official languages of Afghanistan, and it is the second-largest regional language of Pakistan, mainly spoken in the west and northwest of the country. Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) are almost 100% Pashto-speaking, while it is the majority language of the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the northern districts of Balochistan. Pashto is the main language among the Pashtun diaspora around the world. The total number of Pashto-speakers is estimated to be 4560 million people worldwide.

text: Pashto

text: Paxt

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: older

text: literature

text: as

text: Afghn

text: or

text: Pahn

text: is

text: the

text: South

text: Central

text: Asian

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: Pashtuns

text: Its

text: speakers

text: are

text: called

text: Pashtuns

text: or

text: Pukhtuns

text: and

text: sometimes

text: Afghans

text: or

text: Pathans

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Iranian

text: language

text: belonging

text: to

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: family

text: Pashto

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: regional

text: language

text: of

text: Pakistan

text: mainly

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: northwest

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: Federally

text: Administered

text: Tribal

text: Areas

text: FATA

text: are

text: almost

text: Pashto

text: speaking

text: while

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: majority

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: province

text: of

text: Khyber

text: Pakhtunkhwa

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: districts

text: of

text: Balochistan

text: Pashto

text: is

text: the

text: main

text: language

text: among

text: the

text: Pashtun

text: diaspora

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: total

text: number

text: of

text: Pashto

text: speakers

text: is

text: estimated

text: to

text: be

text: million

text: people

text: worldwide

text: The Amu Darya ('; /; //;  '), also called the Amu River and historically known by its Latin name, , is a major river in Central Asia. It is formed by the junction of the Vakhsh and Panj rivers, at Qal`eh-ye Panjeh in Afghanistan, and flows from there north-westwards into the southern remnants of the Aral Sea. In ancient times, the river was regarded as the boundary between Greater Iran and Turan.

text: The

text: Amu

text: Darya

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Amu

text: River

text: and

text: historically

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Latin

text: name

text: is

text: major

text: river

text: in

text: Central

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: junction

text: of

text: the

text: Vakhsh

text: and

text: Panj

text: rivers

text: at

text: Qal`eh

text: ye

text: Panjeh

text: in

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: flows

text: from

text: there

text: north

text: westwards

text: into

text: the

text: southern

text: remnants

text: of

text: the

text: Aral

text: Sea

text: In

text: ancient

text: times

text: the

text: river

text: was

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: boundary

text: between

text: Greater

text: Iran

text: and

text: Turan

text: The Hindu Kush (Pashto, Persian and ), also known in Ancient Greek as the Caucasus Indicus or Paropamisadae, is an mountain range that stretches near the Afghan-Pakistan border, from central Afghanistan to northern Pakistan. It forms the western section of the "Hindu Kush Himalayan Region" ("HKH"). It divides the valley of the Amu Darya (the ancient "Oxus") to the north from the Indus River valley to the south.

text: The

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: Pashto

text: Persian

text: and

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: as

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Indicus

text: or

text: Paropamisadae

text: is

text: an

text: mountain

text: range

text: that

text: stretches

text: near

text: the

text: Afghan

text: Pakistan

text: border

text: from

text: central

text: Afghanistan

text: to

text: northern

text: Pakistan

text: It

text: forms

text: the

text: western

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: Himalayan

text: Region

text: HKH

text: It

text: divides

text: the

text: valley

text: of

text: the

text: Amu

text: Darya

text: the

text: ancient

text: Oxus

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: from

text: the

text: Indus

text: River

text: valley

text: to

text: the

text: south

text:
The Paropamisadae, also known by other names, were a people who lived in the area of Afghanistan and northern Pakistan during classical antiquity. The name was also used to refer to the lands these people inhabited, properly known as .
Name.
"Paropamisadae" is the latinized form of the Greek name "Paropamisádai", used to refer to the inhabitants of the land of "Paropamisus" ("Paropamisós") in the Hindu Kush. The name derived from the Old Persian "Para-upari-sena" ( "Beyond the Raised Land"), which properly referred to the Peshawar Valley on the other side of the mountains from Persia, with its major settlements at Peshawar and Charsadda in what is now Pakistan's Gandhara district.

text: The

text: Paropamisadae

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: other

text: names

text: were

text: people

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: northern

text: Pakistan

text: during

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: The

text: name

text: was

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: lands

text: these

text: people

text: inhabited

text: properly

text: known

text: as

text: Name

text: Paropamisadae

text: is

text: the

text: latinized

text: form

text: of

text: the

text: Greek

text: name

text: Paropamisádai

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: inhabitants

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: of

text: Paropamisus

text: Paropamisós

text: in

text: the

text: Hindu

text: Kush

text: The

text: name

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: Persian

text: Para

text: upari

text: sena

text: Beyond

text: the

text: Raised

text: Land

text: which

text: properly

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: Peshawar

text: Valley

text: on

text: the

text: other

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: mountains

text: from

text: Persia

text: with

text: its

text: major

text: settlements

text: at

text: Peshawar

text: and

text: Charsadda

text: in

text: what

text: is

text: now

text: Pakistan

text: 's

text: Gandhara

text: district

annotations: follows multiple

question: country shahidan

answer: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan

text: afghanistan


text: Nevada (Spanish for "snowy"; see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, and the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las VegasParadise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City. Nevada is officially known as the "Silver State" because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the "Battle Born State", because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words "Battle Born" also appear on the state flag); as the "Sage-brush State", for the native plant of the same name; and as the "Sage-hen State". Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east.

text: Nevada

text: Spanish

text: for

text: snowy

text: see

text: pronunciations

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Mountain

text: West

text: and

text: Southwestern

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: Nevada

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: least

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Nearly

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: Nevada

text: 's

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: Clark

text: County

text: which

text: contains

text: the

text: Las

text: VegasParadise

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: where

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: four

text: largest

text: incorporated

text: cities

text: are

text: located

text: Nevada

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Carson

text: City

text: Nevada

text: is

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Silver

text: State

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: silver

text: to

text: its

text: history

text: and

text: economy

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Battle

text: Born

text: State

text: because

text: it

text: achieved

text: statehood

text: during

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: words

text: Battle

text: Born

text: also

text: appear

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: flag

text: as

text: the

text: Sage

text: brush

text: State

text: for

text: the

text: native

text: plant

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: Sage

text: hen

text: State

text: Nevada

text: borders

text: Oregon

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Idaho

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: California

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Arizona

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: Utah

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: A national park is a park in use for conservation purposes. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state declares or owns. Although individual nations designate their own national parks differently, there is a common idea: the conservation of 'wild nature' for posterity and as a symbol of national pride. An international organization, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and its World Commission on Protected Areas, has defined "National Park" as its "Category II" type of protected areas.

text: national

text: park

text: is

text: park

text: in

text: use

text: for

text: conservation

text: purposes

text: Often

text: it

text: is

text: reserve

text: of

text: natural

text: semi

text: natural

text: or

text: developed

text: land

text: that

text: sovereign

text: state

text: declares

text: or

text: owns

text: Although

text: individual

text: nations

text: designate

text: their

text: own

text: national

text: parks

text: differently

text: there

text: is

text: common

text: idea

text: the

text: conservation

text: of

text: wild

text: nature

text: for

text: posterity

text: and

text: as

text: symbol

text: of

text: national

text: pride

text: An

text: international

text: organization

text: the

text: International

text: Union

text: for

text: Conservation

text: of

text: Nature

text: IUCN

text: and

text: its

text: World

text: Commission

text: on

text: Protected

text: Areas

text: has

text: defined

text: National

text: Park

text: as

text: its

text: Category

text: II

text: type

text: of

text: protected

text: areas

text: The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.

text: The

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: It

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: to

text: Antarctica

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: and

text: Australia

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: The San Francisco Bay Area (referred to locally as the Bay Area) is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California. The region encompasses the major cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose, San Francisco, and Oakland, along with smaller urban and rural areas. The Bay Area's nine counties are Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma. Home to approximately 7.65 million people, the nine-county Bay Area contains many cities, towns, airports, and associated regional, state, and national parks, connected by a network of roads, highways, railroads, bridges, tunnels and commuter rail. The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California (after the Greater Los Angeles area), the fifth-largest in the United States, and the 43rd-largest urban area in the world.

text: The

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: Area

text: referred

text: to

text: locally

text: as

text: the

text: Bay

text: Area

text: is

text: populous

text: region

text: surrounding

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: and

text: San

text: Pablo

text: estuaries

text: in

text: Northern

text: California

text: The

text: region

text: encompasses

text: the

text: major

text: cities

text: and

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: of

text: San

text: Jose

text: San

text: Francisco

text: and

text: Oakland

text: along

text: with

text: smaller

text: urban

text: and

text: rural

text: areas

text: The

text: Bay

text: Area

text: 's

text: nine

text: counties

text: are

text: Alameda

text: Contra

text: Costa

text: Marin

text: Napa

text: San

text: Francisco

text: San

text: Mateo

text: Santa

text: Clara

text: Solano

text: and

text: Sonoma

text: Home

text: to

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: the

text: nine

text: county

text: Bay

text: Area

text: contains

text: many

text: cities

text: towns

text: airports

text: and

text: associated

text: regional

text: state

text: and

text: national

text: parks

text: connected

text: by

text: network

text: of

text: roads

text: highways

text: railroads

text: bridges

text: tunnels

text: and

text: commuter

text: rail

text: The

text: combined

text: statistical

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: in

text: California

text: after

text: the

text: Greater

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: area

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Northern California, often abbreviated NorCal, is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. Spanning the state's northernmost 48 counties, in contrast to the 10 counties of Southern California, its main population centers include the San Francisco Bay Area (anchored by the cities of San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland), the Greater Sacramento area (anchored by the state capital Sacramento), and the Metropolitan Fresno area (anchored by the city of Fresno). Northern California also contains redwood forests, along with the Sierra Nevada including Yosemite Valley and part of Lake Tahoe, Mount Shasta (the second-highest peak in the Cascade Range after Mount Rainier in Washington), and the northern portion of the Central Valley, one of the world's most productive agricultural regions.

text: Northern

text: California

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: NorCal

text: is

text: the

text: northern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: California

text: Spanning

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: northernmost

text: counties

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: counties

text: of

text: Southern

text: California

text: its

text: main

text: population

text: centers

text: include

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: Area

text: anchored

text: by

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: San

text: Jose

text: and

text: Oakland

text: the

text: Greater

text: Sacramento

text: area

text: anchored

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: capital

text: Sacramento

text: and

text: the

text: Metropolitan

text: Fresno

text: area

text: anchored

text: by

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Fresno

text: Northern

text: California

text: also

text: contains

text: redwood

text: forests

text: along

text: with

text: the

text: Sierra

text: Nevada

text: including

text: Yosemite

text: Valley

text: and

text: part

text: of

text: Lake

text: Tahoe

text: Mount

text: Shasta

text: the

text: second

text: highest

text: peak

text: in

text: the

text: Cascade

text: Range

text: after

text: Mount

text: Rainier

text: in

text: Washington

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Valley

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: productive

text: agricultural

text: regions

text: aRts (which stands for analog real time synthesizer) is an audio framework that is no longer under development. It was best known for previously being used in K Desktop Environment 2 and 3 to simulate an analog synthesizer.

text: aRts

text: which

text: stands

text: for

text: analog

text: real

text: time

text: synthesizer

text: is

text: an

text: audio

text: framework

text: that

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: under

text: development

text: It

text: was

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: previously

text: being

text: used

text: in

text: Desktop

text: Environment

text: and

text: to

text: simulate

text: an

text: analog

text: synthesizer

text: Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels"), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the second-most populous city in the United States (after New York City), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County. Situated in Southern California, Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, sprawling metropolis, and as a major center of the American entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over .

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Spanish

text: for

text: The

text: Angels

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: often

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: initials

text: L.A.

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: California

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: Situated

text: in

text: Southern

text: California

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: mediterranean

text: climate

text: ethnic

text: diversity

text: sprawling

text: metropolis

text: and

text: as

text: major

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: lies

text: in

text: large

text: coastal

text: basin

text: surrounded

text: on

text: three

text: sides

text: by

text: mountains

text: reaching

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: over

text: Arizona (O'odham: "Al onak" [ai onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western United States and the Mountain West states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, and one point in common with the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona's border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.

text: Arizona

text: O'odham

text: Al

text: onak

text: ai

text: onak

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Mountain

text: West

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Phoenix

text: Arizona

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Four

text: Corners

text: states

text: It

text: has

text: borders

text: with

text: New

text: Mexico

text: Utah

text: Nevada

text: California

text: and

text: Mexico

text: and

text: one

text: point

text: in

text: common

text: with

text: the

text: southwestern

text: corner

text: of

text: Colorado

text: Arizona

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: Mexico

text: is

text: miles

text: km

text: long

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: states

text: of

text: Sonora

text: and

text: Baja

text: California

text: Ernest Born ( 1898 - 1992 ) was an architect and artist who lived and worked in the San Francisco Bay Area . Born studied architecture at the University of California , Berkeley , graduating from the school of Architecture in 1922 and earning a master 's degree in 1923 . Born designed signage for the Bay Area Rapid Transit system , and collaborated with Corlett & Spackman to design the Glen Park and Balboa Park stations . Born was an accomplished artist and illustrator as well . He spent a decade collaborating with author Walter Horn to produce the 1979 Plan of St. Gall , which Born illustrated . He was married to Esther Baum Born , an architectural photographer .

text: Ernest

text: Born

text: was

text: an

text: architect

text: and

text: artist

text: who

text: lived

text: and

text: worked

text: in

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: Area

text: Born

text: studied

text: architecture

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: California

text: Berkeley

text: graduating

text: from

text: the

text: school

text: of

text: Architecture

text: in

text: and

text: earning

text: master

text: 's

text: degree

text: in

text: Born

text: designed

text: signage

text: for

text: the

text: Bay

text: Area

text: Rapid

text: Transit

text: system

text: and

text: collaborated

text: with

text: Corlett

text: Spackman

text: to

text: design

text: the

text: Glen

text: Park

text: and

text: Balboa

text: Park

text: stations

text: Born

text: was

text: an

text: accomplished

text: artist

text: and

text: illustrator

text: as

text: well

text: He

text: spent

text: decade

text: collaborating

text: with

text: author

text: Walter

text: Horn

text: to

text: produce

text: the

text: Plan

text: of

text: St.

text: Gall

text: which

text: Born

text: illustrated

text: He

text: was

text: married

text: to

text: Esther

text: Baum

text: Born

text: an

text: architectural

text: photographer

text: California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.

text: California

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: California

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Oregon

text: Nevada

text: and

text: Arizona

text: and

text: shares

text: an

text: international

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Mexican

text: state

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Sacramento

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: California

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: state

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: county

text: by

text: area

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: County

text: An artist is a person engaged in one or more of any of a broad spectrum of activities related to creating art, practicing the arts or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse is a practitioner in the visual arts only. The term is often used in the entertainment business, especially in a business context, for musicians and other performers (less often for actors). "Artiste" (the French for artist) is a variant used in English only in this context. Use of the term to describe writers, for example, is valid, but less common, and mostly restricted to contexts like criticism.

text: An

text: artist

text: is

text: person

text: engaged

text: in

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: any

text: of

text: broad

text: spectrum

text: of

text: activities

text: related

text: to

text: creating

text: art

text: practicing

text: the

text: arts

text: or

text: demonstrating

text: an

text: art

text: The

text: common

text: usage

text: in

text: both

text: everyday

text: speech

text: and

text: academic

text: discourse

text: is

text: practitioner

text: in

text: the

text: visual

text: arts

text: only

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: often

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: entertainment

text: business

text: especially

text: in

text: business

text: context

text: for

text: musicians

text: and

text: other

text: performers

text: less

text: often

text: for

text: actors

text: Artiste

text: the

text: French

text: for

text: artist

text: is

text: variant

text: used

text: in

text: English

text: only

text: in

text: this

text: context

text: Use

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: describe

text: writers

text: for

text: example

text: is

text: valid

text: but

text: less

text: common

text: and

text: mostly

text: restricted

text: to

text: contexts

text: like

text: criticism

text: The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: often

text: called

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: or

text: simply

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomerations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: global

text: power

text: city

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exerts

text: significant

text: impact

text: upon

text: commerce

text: finance

text: media

text: art

text: fashion

text: research

text: technology

text: education

text: and

text: entertainment

text: its

text: fast

text: pace

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: New

text: York

text: minute

text: Home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: international

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: financial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Speech is the vocalized form of communication based upon the syntactic combination of lexicals and names that are drawn from very large (usually about 1,000 different words) vocabularies. Each spoken word is created out of the phonetic combination of a limited set of vowel and consonant speech sound units (phonemes). These vocabularies, the syntax which structures them, and their sets of speech sound units differ, creating many thousands of different, and mutually unintelligible, human languages. Most human speakers are able to communicate in two or more of them, hence being polyglots. The vocal abilities that enable humans to produce speech also enable them to sing.

text: Speech

text: is

text: the

text: vocalized

text: form

text: of

text: communication

text: based

text: upon

text: the

text: syntactic

text: combination

text: of

text: lexicals

text: and

text: names

text: that

text: are

text: drawn

text: from

text: very

text: large

text: usually

text: about

text: different

text: words

text: vocabularies

text: Each

text: spoken

text: word

text: is

text: created

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: phonetic

text: combination

text: of

text: limited

text: set

text: of

text: vowel

text: and

text: consonant

text: speech

text: sound

text: units

text: phonemes

text: These

text: vocabularies

text: the

text: syntax

text: which

text: structures

text: them

text: and

text: their

text: sets

text: of

text: speech

text: sound

text: units

text: differ

text: creating

text: many

text: thousands

text: of

text: different

text: and

text: mutually

text: unintelligible

text: human

text: languages

text: Most

text: human

text: speakers

text: are

text: able

text: to

text: communicate

text: in

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: of

text: them

text: hence

text: being

text: polyglots

text: The

text: vocal

text: abilities

text: that

text: enable

text: humans

text: to

text: produce

text: speech

text: also

text: enable

text: them

text: to

text: sing

text: San Francisco (SF) (Spanish for Saint Francis) officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations. Located at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula, San Francisco is about in area, making it the smallest countyand the only consolidated city-countywithin the state of California. With a density of about 18,451 people per square mile (7,124 people per km), San Francisco is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in California and the second-most densely populated major city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth-most populous city in California, after Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose, and the 13th-most populous city in the United Stateswith a census-estimated 2015 population of 864,816. The city and its surrounding areas are known as the San Francisco Bay Area, and are a part of the larger OMB-designated San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland combined statistical area, the fifth most populous in the nation with an estimated population of 8.7 million.

text: San

text: Francisco

text: SF

text: Spanish

text: for

text: Saint

text: Francis

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: and

text: County

text: of

text: San

text: Francisco

text: is

text: the

text: cultural

text: commercial

text: and

text: financial

text: center

text: of

text: Northern

text: California

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: birthplace

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: north

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Peninsula

text: San

text: Francisco

text: is

text: about

text: in

text: area

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: smallest

text: countyand

text: the

text: only

text: consolidated

text: city

text: countywithin

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: California

text: With

text: density

text: of

text: about

text: people

text: per

text: square

text: mile

text: people

text: per

text: km

text: San

text: Francisco

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: settled

text: large

text: city

text: population

text: greater

text: than

text: in

text: California

text: and

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: San

text: Francisco

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: California

text: after

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: San

text: Diego

text: and

text: San

text: Jose

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Stateswith

text: census

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: surrounding

text: areas

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Bay

text: Area

text: and

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: OMB

text: designated

text: San

text: Jose

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Oakland

text: combined

text: statistical

text: area

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: in

text: the

text: nation

text: with

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: Baja California, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California, is a state in Mexico. It is the northernmost and westernmost of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, comprises the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1953, the area was known as the North Territory of Baja California ("El Territorio Norte de Baja California"). It has an area of , or 3.57% of the land mass of Mexico and comprises the northern half of the Baja California Peninsula, north of the 28th parallel, plus oceanic Guadalupe Island. The mainland portion of the state is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by Sonora, the U.S. State of Arizona, and the Gulf of California (also known as the "Sea of Cortez"), and on the south by Baja California Sur. Its northern limit is the U.S. state of California.

text: Baja

text: California

text: officially

text: the

text: Free

text: and

text: Sovereign

text: State

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: Mexico

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: and

text: westernmost

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: which

text: with

text: Mexico

text: City

text: comprises

text: the

text: Federal

text: Entities

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Before

text: becoming

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: North

text: Territory

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: El

text: Territorio

text: Norte

text: de

text: Baja

text: California

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: mass

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: comprises

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Baja

text: California

text: Peninsula

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: parallel

text: plus

text: oceanic

text: Guadalupe

text: Island

text: The

text: mainland

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Sonora

text: the

text: U.S.

text: State

text: of

text: Arizona

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: California

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Cortez

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Baja

text: California

text: Sur

text: Its

text: northern

text: limit

text: is

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: California

question: place_of_death ernest born

answer: san diego

text: san diego