text: The PlayStation Portable (PSP) is a handheld game console developed by Sony. Development of the console was announced during E3 2003, and it was unveiled on , 2004, at a Sony press conference before E3 2004. The system was released in Japan on , 2004, in North America on , 2005, and in the PAL region on , 2005. It primarily competed with the Nintendo DS, as part of the seventh generation of video games.

text: The

text: PlayStation

text: Portable

text: PSP

text: is

text: handheld

text: game

text: console

text: developed

text: by

text: Sony

text: Development

text: of

text: the

text: console

text: was

text: announced

text: during

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: unveiled

text: on

text: at

text: Sony

text: press

text: conference

text: before

text: The

text: system

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Japan

text: on

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: PAL

text: region

text: on

text: It

text: primarily

text: competed

text: with

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: DS

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: seventh

text: generation

text: of

text: video

text: games

text: Call of Duty is a first-person shooter video game franchise. The series began on Microsoft Windows, and later expanded to consoles and handhelds. Several spin-off games have been released. The earlier games in the series are set primarily in World War II, including "Call of Duty", "Call of Duty 2", and "Call of Duty 3". Beginning with "", which is set in modern times, the series has shifted focus away from World War II. "Modern Warfare", released November 2007, was followed by "" and "". "", released November 2010, takes place in the Cold War, while "", released November 2011, takes place in a near-future setting. "", released November 2012, takes place mainly in the year 2025. "" was released in November 2013. In May 2014, "" was announced. In November 6, 2015, . The most recent game, was released on November 4, 2016.

text: Call

text: of

text: Duty

text: is

text: first

text: person

text: shooter

text: video

text: game

text: franchise

text: The

text: series

text: began

text: on

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: and

text: later

text: expanded

text: to

text: consoles

text: and

text: handhelds

text: Several

text: spin

text: off

text: games

text: have

text: been

text: released

text: The

text: earlier

text: games

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: are

text: set

text: primarily

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: including

text: Call

text: of

text: Duty

text: Call

text: of

text: Duty

text: and

text: Call

text: of

text: Duty

text: Beginning

text: with

text: which

text: is

text: set

text: in

text: modern

text: times

text: the

text: series

text: has

text: shifted

text: focus

text: away

text: from

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Modern

text: Warfare

text: released

text: November

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: and

text: released

text: November

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: while

text: released

text: November

text: takes

text: place

text: in

text: near

text: future

text: setting

text: released

text: November

text: takes

text: place

text: mainly

text: in

text: the

text: year

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: November

text: In

text: May

text: was

text: announced

text: In

text: November

text: The

text: most

text: recent

text: game

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: November

text: A telescope is an optical instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light). The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 1600s, by using glass lenses. They found use in both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

text: telescope

text: is

text: an

text: optical

text: instrument

text: that

text: aids

text: in

text: the

text: observation

text: of

text: remote

text: objects

text: by

text: collecting

text: electromagnetic

text: radiation

text: such

text: as

text: visible

text: light

text: The

text: first

text: known

text: practical

text: telescopes

text: were

text: invented

text: in

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: at

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: by

text: using

text: glass

text: lenses

text: They

text: found

text: use

text: in

text: both

text: terrestrial

text: applications

text: and

text: astronomy

text: The or simply, DS, is a 32-bit dual-screen handheld game console developed and released by Nintendo. The device went on sale in North America on November 21, 2004. The DS, short for "Developers' System" or "Dual Screen", introduced distinctive new features to handheld gaming: two LCD screens working in tandem (the bottom one featuring a touchscreen), a built-in microphone, and support for wireless connectivity. Both screens are encompassed within a clamshell design similar to the Game Boy Advance SP. The Nintendo DS also features the ability for multiple DS consoles to directly interact with each other over Wi-Fi within a short range without the need to connect to an existing wireless network. Alternatively, they could interact online using the now-closed Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service. Its main competitor was Sony's PlayStation Portable as part of the seventh generation era.

text: The

text: or

text: simply

text: DS

text: is

text: dual

text: screen

text: handheld

text: game

text: console

text: developed

text: and

text: released

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: The

text: device

text: went

text: on

text: sale

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: November

text: The

text: DS

text: short

text: for

text: Developers

text: System

text: or

text: Dual

text: Screen

text: introduced

text: distinctive

text: new

text: features

text: to

text: handheld

text: gaming

text: two

text: LCD

text: screens

text: working

text: in

text: tandem

text: the

text: bottom

text: one

text: featuring

text: touchscreen

text: built

text: in

text: microphone

text: and

text: support

text: for

text: wireless

text: connectivity

text: Both

text: screens

text: are

text: encompassed

text: within

text: clamshell

text: design

text: similar

text: to

text: the

text: Game

text: Boy

text: Advance

text: SP

text: The

text: Nintendo

text: DS

text: also

text: features

text: the

text: ability

text: for

text: multiple

text: DS

text: consoles

text: to

text: directly

text: interact

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: over

text: Wi

text: Fi

text: within

text: short

text: range

text: without

text: the

text: need

text: to

text: connect

text: to

text: an

text: existing

text: wireless

text: network

text: Alternatively

text: they

text: could

text: interact

text: online

text: using

text: the

text: now

text: closed

text: Nintendo

text: Wi

text: Fi

text: Connection

text: service

text: Its

text: main

text: competitor

text: was

text: Sony

text: 's

text: PlayStation

text: Portable

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: seventh

text: generation

text: era

text: During World War II, the American atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki made Nagasaki the second and, to date, last city in the world to experience a nuclear attack.

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: American

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: made

text: Nagasaki

text: the

text: second

text: and

text: to

text: date

text: last

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: to

text: experience

text: nuclear

text: attack

text: Call of Duty 2 is a 2005 first-person shooter video game developed by Infinity Ward and published by Konami in Japan and Activision in the rest of the world. It is the second installment of the "Call of Duty" series. The game was released on October 25, 2005 for Microsoft Windows and on November 22, 2005 as a launch game for the Xbox 360 in Europe, Australia and South America, and later in Japan. Other versions were released on other platforms, including mobile phones as well as Pocket PCs.

text: Call

text: of

text: Duty

text: is

text: first

text: person

text: shooter

text: video

text: game

text: developed

text: by

text: Infinity

text: Ward

text: and

text: published

text: by

text: Konami

text: in

text: Japan

text: and

text: Activision

text: in

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: installment

text: of

text: the

text: Call

text: of

text: Duty

text: series

text: The

text: game

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: October

text: for

text: Microsoft

text: Windows

text: and

text: on

text: November

text: as

text: launch

text: game

text: for

text: the

text: Xbox

text: in

text: Europe

text: Australia

text: and

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: Japan

text: Other

text: versions

text: were

text: released

text: on

text: other

text: platforms

text: including

text: mobile

text: phones

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Pocket

text: PCs

text: Call of Duty : World at War is a 2008 first person shooter video game in the Call of Duty franchise , developed for the Nintendo DS. The game takes place during World War II and features many elements of gameplay typical to the series , including the usage of iron sights , and vehicular missions . It was released by Activision alongside the console versions of the game on November 11 , 2008 in North America .

text: Call

text: of

text: Duty

text: World

text: at

text: War

text: is

text: first

text: person

text: shooter

text: video

text: game

text: in

text: the

text: Call

text: of

text: Duty

text: franchise

text: developed

text: for

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: DS

text: The

text: game

text: takes

text: place

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: features

text: many

text: elements

text: of

text: gameplay

text: typical

text: to

text: the

text: series

text: including

text: the

text: usage

text: of

text: iron

text: sights

text: and

text: vehicular

text: missions

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: Activision

text: alongside

text: the

text: console

text: versions

text: of

text: the

text: game

text: on

text: November

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text:
The (abbreviated as GBA) is a 32-bit handheld video game console developed, manufactured and marketed by Nintendo as the successor to the Game Boy Color. It was released in Japan on March 21, 2001, in North America on June 11, 2001, in Australia and Europe on June 22, 2001, and in the People's Republic of China on June 8, 2004 (excluding Hong Kong). Nintendo's competitors in the handheld market at the time were the Neo Geo Pocket Color, WonderSwan, GP32, Tapwave Zodiac, and the N-Gage. Despite the competitors' best efforts, Nintendo maintained a majority market share with the Game Boy Advance.
As of June 30, 2010, the Game Boy Advance series has sold 81.51 million units worldwide. Its successor, the Nintendo DS, was released in November 2004 and is also compatible with Game Boy Advance software.

text: The

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: GBA

text: is

text: handheld

text: video

text: game

text: console

text: developed

text: manufactured

text: and

text: marketed

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: as

text: the

text: successor

text: to

text: the

text: Game

text: Boy

text: Color

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Japan

text: on

text: March

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: June

text: in

text: Australia

text: and

text: Europe

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: People

text: 's

text: Republic

text: of

text: China

text: on

text: June

text: excluding

text: Hong

text: Kong

text: Nintendo

text: 's

text: competitors

text: in

text: the

text: handheld

text: market

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: were

text: the

text: Neo

text: Geo

text: Pocket

text: Color

text: WonderSwan

text: Tapwave

text: Zodiac

text: and

text: the

text: Gage

text: Despite

text: the

text: competitors

text: best

text: efforts

text: Nintendo

text: maintained

text: majority

text: market

text: share

text: with

text: the

text: Game

text: Boy

text: Advance

text: As

text: of

text: June

text: the

text: Game

text: Boy

text: Advance

text: series

text: has

text: sold

text: million

text: units

text: worldwide

text: Its

text: successor

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: DS

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: November

text: and

text: is

text: also

text: compatible

text: with

text: Game

text: Boy

text: Advance

text: software

text: Abandoning previous ventures in favor of toys in the 1960s, Nintendo then developed into a video game company in the 1970s, ultimately becoming one of the most influential in the industry and Japan's third most-valuable company with a market value of over $85 billion. From 1992 until 2016, Nintendo was also the majority shareholder of Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.

text: Abandoning

text: previous

text: ventures

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: toys

text: in

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: then

text: developed

text: into

text: video

text: game

text: company

text: in

text: the

text: ultimately

text: becoming

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: influential

text: in

text: the

text: industry

text: and

text: Japan

text: 's

text: third

text: most

text: valuable

text: company

text: with

text: market

text: value

text: of

text: over

text: billion

text: From

text: until

text: Nintendo

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: majority

text: shareholder

text: of

text: Major

text: League

text: Baseball

text: 's

text: Seattle

text: Mariners

text: Iron sights are a system of shaped alignment markers (usually metal) used as a sighting device to assist in the aiming of a device such as a firearm, crossbow, or telescope, and exclude the use of optics as in telescopic sights or reflector (reflex) sights.

text: Iron

text: sights

text: are

text: system

text: of

text: shaped

text: alignment

text: markers

text: usually

text: metal

text: used

text: as

text: sighting

text: device

text: to

text: assist

text: in

text: the

text: aiming

text: of

text: device

text: such

text: as

text: firearm

text: crossbow

text: or

text: telescope

text: and

text: exclude

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: optics

text: as

text: in

text: telescopic

text: sights

text: or

text: reflector

text: reflex

text: sights

text: The Holocaust (from the Greek ': "hólos", "whole" and "kaustós", "burnt"), also referred to as the Shoah"' (Hebrew: , "HaShoah", "the catastrophe"), was a genocide in which Adolf Hitler's Nazi Germany and its collaborators killed about six million Jews. The victims included 1.5 million children and represented about two-thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe. Some definitions of the Holocaust include the additional five million non-Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders, bringing the total to about 11 million. Killings took place throughout Nazi Germany, German-occupied territories, and territories held by allies of Nazi Germany.

text: The

text: Holocaust

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: hólos

text: whole

text: and

text: kaustós

text: burnt

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Shoah

text: Hebrew

text: HaShoah

text: the

text: catastrophe

text: was

text: genocide

text: in

text: which

text: Adolf

text: Hitler

text: 's

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: and

text: its

text: collaborators

text: killed

text: about

text: six

text: million

text: Jews

text: The

text: victims

text: included

text: million

text: children

text: and

text: represented

text: about

text: two

text: thirds

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: million

text: Jews

text: who

text: had

text: resided

text: in

text: Europe

text: Some

text: definitions

text: of

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: include

text: the

text: additional

text: five

text: million

text: non

text: Jewish

text: victims

text: of

text: Nazi

text: mass

text: murders

text: bringing

text: the

text: total

text: to

text: about

text: million

text: Killings

text: took

text: place

text: throughout

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: German

text: occupied

text: territories

text: and

text: territories

text: held

text: by

text: allies

text: of

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: within

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: considered

text: northern

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: The is an 8-bit handheld video game device with interchangeable cartridges developed and manufactured by Nintendo, which was first released in Japan on , in North America on and in Europe on . It is the first handheld console in the Game Boy line and was created by Satoru Okada and Nintendo Research & Development 1. This same team, led by Gunpei Yokoi at the time, is credited with designing the Game & Watch series as well as several popular games for the Nintendo Entertainment System. Redesigned versions were released in 1996 and 1998 in the form of Game Boy Pocket and Game Boy Light (Japan only), respectively.

text: The

text: is

text: an

text: handheld

text: video

text: game

text: device

text: with

text: interchangeable

text: cartridges

text: developed

text: and

text: manufactured

text: by

text: Nintendo

text: which

text: was

text: first

text: released

text: in

text: Japan

text: on

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: and

text: in

text: Europe

text: on

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: handheld

text: console

text: in

text: the

text: Game

text: Boy

text: line

text: and

text: was

text: created

text: by

text: Satoru

text: Okada

text: and

text: Nintendo

text: Research

text: Development

text: This

text: same

text: team

text: led

text: by

text: Gunpei

text: Yokoi

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: is

text: credited

text: with

text: designing

text: the

text: Game

text: Watch

text: series

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: several

text: popular

text: games

text: for

text: the

text: Nintendo

text: Entertainment

text: System

text: Redesigned

text: versions

text: were

text: released

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: Game

text: Boy

text: Pocket

text: and

text: Game

text: Boy

text: Light

text: Japan

text: only

text: respectively

text: Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components  electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and TCL.

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: is

text: the

text: electronics

text: business

text: unit

text: and

text: the

text: parent

text: company

text: of

text: the

text: Sony

text: Group

text: which

text: is

text: engaged

text: in

text: business

text: through

text: its

text: four

text: operating

text: components

text: electronics

text: video

text: games

text: network

text: services

text: and

text: medical

text: business

text: motion

text: pictures

text: music

text: and

text: financial

text: services

text: These

text: make

text: Sony

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: comprehensive

text: entertainment

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Sony

text: 's

text: principal

text: business

text: operations

text: include

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Interactive

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Music

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Mobile

text: formerly

text: Sony

text: Ericsson

text: and

text: Sony

text: Financial

text: Sony

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: Semiconductor

text: sales

text: leaders

text: by

text: year

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: television

text: manufacturer

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Samsung

text: Electronics

text: LG

text: Electronics

text: and

text: TCL

text: Hiroshima is perhaps best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on the city (and later on Nagasaki) at 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of World War II.

text: Hiroshima

text: is

text: perhaps

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: city

text: in

text: history

text: to

text: be

text: targeted

text: by

text: nuclear

text: weapon

text: when

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: Air

text: Forces

text: USAAF

text: dropped

text: an

text: atomic

text: bomb

text: on

text: the

text: city

text: and

text: later

text: on

text: Nagasaki

text: at

text: a.m.

text: on

text: August

text: near

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, during the final stage of World War II. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: dropped

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: on

text: the

text: Japanese

text: cities

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: on

text: August

text: and

text: respectively

text: during

text: the

text: final

text: stage

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: had

text: dropped

text: the

text: bombs

text: with

text: the

text: consent

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: outlined

text: in

text: the

text: Quebec

text: Agreement

text: The

text: two

text: bombings

text: which

text: killed

text: at

text: least

text: people

text: remain

text: the

text: only

text: use

text: of

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: for

text: warfare

text: in

text: history

text: The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period (the second half of the 20th century) between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine (a U.S. policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism) was announced, and 1991, the year the Soviet Union collapsed.

text: The

text: Cold

text: War

text: was

text: state

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: tension

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: between

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: its

text: satellite

text: states

text: and

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Bloc

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: its

text: NATO

text: allies

text: and

text: others

text: Historians

text: do

text: not

text: fully

text: agree

text: on

text: the

text: dates

text: but

text: common

text: timeframe

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: between

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Truman

text: Doctrine

text: U.S.

text: policy

text: pledging

text: to

text: aid

text: nations

text: threatened

text: by

text: Soviet

text: expansionism

text: was

text: announced

text: and

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: collapsed

question: narrative_location call of duty: world at war

answer: japan

text: japan

text: japan

text: japan

text: japan

text: japan

text: japan

text: japan


text: An aria (plural: "arie" , or "arias" in common usage, diminutive form arietta or ariette) in music was originally any expressive melody, usually, but not always, performed by a singer. The term became used almost exclusively to describe a self-contained piece for one voice, with or without orchestral accompaniment, normally part of a larger work. The typical context for arias is opera, but vocal arias also feature in oratorios and cantatas, sharing features of the operatic arias of their periods.

text: An

text: aria

text: plural

text: arie

text: or

text: arias

text: in

text: common

text: usage

text: diminutive

text: form

text: arietta

text: or

text: ariette

text: in

text: music

text: was

text: originally

text: any

text: expressive

text: melody

text: usually

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: performed

text: by

text: singer

text: The

text: term

text: became

text: used

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: to

text: describe

text: self

text: contained

text: piece

text: for

text: one

text: voice

text: with

text: or

text: without

text: orchestral

text: accompaniment

text: normally

text: part

text: of

text: larger

text: work

text: The

text: typical

text: context

text: for

text: arias

text: is

text: opera

text: but

text: vocal

text: arias

text: also

text: feature

text: in

text: oratorios

text: and

text: cantatas

text: sharing

text: features

text: of

text: the

text: operatic

text: arias

text: of

text: their

text: periods

text: Recitative (also known by its Italian name "recitativo") is a style of delivery (much used in operas, oratorios, and cantatas) in which a singer is allowed to adopt the rhythms of ordinary speech. Recitative does not repeat lines as formally composed songs do. It resembles sung ordinary speech more than a formal musical composition.

text: Recitative

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Italian

text: name

text: recitativo

text: is

text: style

text: of

text: delivery

text: much

text: used

text: in

text: operas

text: oratorios

text: and

text: cantatas

text: in

text: which

text: singer

text: is

text: allowed

text: to

text: adopt

text: the

text: rhythms

text: of

text: ordinary

text: speech

text: Recitative

text: does

text: not

text: repeat

text: lines

text: as

text: formally

text: composed

text: songs

text: do

text: It

text: resembles

text: sung

text: ordinary

text: speech

text: more

text: than

text: formal

text: musical

text: composition

text: A composer (Latin "compn"; literally "one who puts together") is a person who creates or writes music, which can be vocal music (for a singer or choir), instrumental music (e.g., for solo piano, string quartet, wind quintet or orchestra) or music which combines both instruments and voices (e.g., opera or art song, which is a singer accompanied by a pianist). The core meaning of the term refers to individuals who have contributed to the tradition of Western classical music through creation of works expressed in written musical notation (e.g., sheet music scores).

text: composer

text: Latin

text: compn

text: literally

text: one

text: who

text: puts

text: together

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: creates

text: or

text: writes

text: music

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: vocal

text: music

text: for

text: singer

text: or

text: choir

text: instrumental

text: music

text: e.g.

text: for

text: solo

text: piano

text: string

text: quartet

text: wind

text: quintet

text: or

text: orchestra

text: or

text: music

text: which

text: combines

text: both

text: instruments

text: and

text: voices

text: e.g.

text: opera

text: or

text: art

text: song

text: which

text: is

text: singer

text: accompanied

text: by

text: pianist

text: The

text: core

text: meaning

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: refers

text: to

text: individuals

text: who

text: have

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: tradition

text: of

text: Western

text: classical

text: music

text: through

text: creation

text: of

text: works

text: expressed

text: in

text: written

text: musical

text: notation

text: e.g.

text: sheet

text: music

text: scores

text: Gioachino Antonio Rossini (29 February 179213 November 1868) was an Italian composer who wrote operas, as well as some sacred music, songs, chamber music and piano pieces.

text: Gioachino

text: Antonio

text: Rossini

text: February

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: composer

text: who

text: wrote

text: operas

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: some

text: sacred

text: music

text: songs

text: chamber

text: music

text: and

text: piano

text: pieces

text: Dance is a performance art form consisting of purposefully selected sequences of human movement. This movement has aesthetic and symbolic value, and is acknowledged as dance by performers and observers within a particular culture. Dance can be categorized and described by its choreography, by its repertoire of movements, or by its historical period or place of origin.

text: Dance

text: is

text: performance

text: art

text: form

text: consisting

text: of

text: purposefully

text: selected

text: sequences

text: of

text: human

text: movement

text: This

text: movement

text: has

text: aesthetic

text: and

text: symbolic

text: value

text: and

text: is

text: acknowledged

text: as

text: dance

text: by

text: performers

text: and

text: observers

text: within

text: particular

text: culture

text: Dance

text: can

text: be

text: categorized

text: and

text: described

text: by

text: its

text: choreography

text: by

text: its

text: repertoire

text: of

text: movements

text: or

text: by

text: its

text: historical

text: period

text: or

text: place

text: of

text: origin

text: Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of fine art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech, song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the experience. The specific place of the performance is also named by the word "theatre" as derived from the Ancient Greek  (théatron, "a place for viewing"), itself from  (theáomai, "to see", "to watch", "to observe").

text: Theatre

text: or

text: theater

text: is

text: collaborative

text: form

text: of

text: fine

text: art

text: that

text: uses

text: live

text: performers

text: typically

text: actors

text: or

text: actresses

text: to

text: present

text: the

text: experience

text: of

text: real

text: or

text: imagined

text: event

text: before

text: live

text: audience

text: in

text: specific

text: place

text: often

text: stage

text: The

text: performers

text: may

text: communicate

text: this

text: experience

text: to

text: the

text: audience

text: through

text: combinations

text: of

text: gesture

text: speech

text: song

text: music

text: and

text: dance

text: Elements

text: of

text: art

text: such

text: as

text: painted

text: scenery

text: and

text: stagecraft

text: such

text: as

text: lighting

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: enhance

text: the

text: physicality

text: presence

text: and

text: immediacy

text: of

text: the

text: experience

text: The

text: specific

text: place

text: of

text: the

text: performance

text: is

text: also

text: named

text: by

text: the

text: word

text: theatre

text: as

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: théatron

text: place

text: for

text: viewing

text: itself

text: from

text: theáomai

text: to

text: see

text: to

text: watch

text: to

text: observe

text: A tradition is a belief or behavior passed down within a group or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past. Common examples include holidays or impractical but socially meaningful clothes (like lawyers' wigs or military officers' spurs), but the idea has also been applied to social norms such as greetings. Traditions can persist and evolve for thousands of yearsthe word "tradition" itself derives from the Latin "tradere" or "traderer" literally meaning to transmit, to hand over, to give for safekeeping. While it is commonly assumed that traditions have ancient history, many traditions have been invented on purpose, whether that be political or cultural, over short periods of time. Various academic disciplines also use the word in a variety of ways.

text: tradition

text: is

text: belief

text: or

text: behavior

text: passed

text: down

text: within

text: group

text: or

text: society

text: with

text: symbolic

text: meaning

text: or

text: special

text: significance

text: with

text: origins

text: in

text: the

text: past

text: Common

text: examples

text: include

text: holidays

text: or

text: impractical

text: but

text: socially

text: meaningful

text: clothes

text: like

text: lawyers

text: wigs

text: or

text: military

text: officers

text: spurs

text: but

text: the

text: idea

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: applied

text: to

text: social

text: norms

text: such

text: as

text: greetings

text: Traditions

text: can

text: persist

text: and

text: evolve

text: for

text: thousands

text: of

text: yearsthe

text: word

text: tradition

text: itself

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: tradere

text: or

text: traderer

text: literally

text: meaning

text: to

text: transmit

text: to

text: hand

text: over

text: to

text: give

text: for

text: safekeeping

text: While

text: it

text: is

text: commonly

text: assumed

text: that

text: traditions

text: have

text: ancient

text: history

text: many

text: traditions

text: have

text: been

text: invented

text: on

text: purpose

text: whether

text: that

text: be

text: political

text: or

text: cultural

text: over

text: short

text: periods

text: of

text: time

text: Various

text: academic

text: disciplines

text: also

text: use

text: the

text: word

text: in

text: variety

text: of

text: ways

text: Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797  8 April 1848) was an Italian composer. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, Donizetti was a leading composer of the "bel canto" opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century. Donizetti's close association with the bel canto style was undoubtedly an influence on other composers such as Giuseppe Verdi (1813 - 1901).

text: Domenico

text: Gaetano

text: Maria

text: Donizetti

text: November

text: April

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: composer

text: Along

text: with

text: Gioachino

text: Rossini

text: and

text: Vincenzo

text: Bellini

text: Donizetti

text: was

text: leading

text: composer

text: of

text: the

text: bel

text: canto

text: opera

text: style

text: during

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: Donizetti

text: 's

text: close

text: association

text: with

text: the

text: bel

text: canto

text: style

text: was

text: undoubtedly

text: an

text: influence

text: on

text: other

text: composers

text: such

text: as

text: Giuseppe

text: Verdi

text:
Andrea Leone Tottola (died 15 September 1831) was a prolific Italian librettist, best known for his work with Gaetano Donizetti and Gioachino Rossini.
It is not known when or where he was born. He became the official poet to the royal theatres in Naples and agent for the impresario Domenico Barbaia, and started writing librettos in 1802.

text: Andrea

text: Leone

text: Tottola

text: died

text: September

text: was

text: prolific

text: Italian

text: librettist

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: work

text: with

text: Gaetano

text: Donizetti

text: and

text: Gioachino

text: Rossini

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: known

text: when

text: or

text: where

text: he

text: was

text: born

text: He

text: became

text: the

text: official

text: poet

text: to

text: the

text: royal

text: theatres

text: in

text: Naples

text: and

text: agent

text: for

text: the

text: impresario

text: Domenico

text: Barbaia

text: and

text: started

text: writing

text: librettos

text: in

text: A pen name ("nom de plume", or "literary double") is a pseudonym (or, in some cases, a variant form of a real name) adopted by an author and printed on the title page or by-line of his or her works in place of their "real" name. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise his or her gender, to distance an author from some or all of his or her previous works, to protect the author from retribution for his or her writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge.

text: pen

text: name

text: nom

text: de

text: plume

text: or

text: literary

text: double

text: is

text: pseudonym

text: or

text: in

text: some

text: cases

text: variant

text: form

text: of

text: real

text: name

text: adopted

text: by

text: an

text: author

text: and

text: printed

text: on

text: the

text: title

text: page

text: or

text: by

text: line

text: of

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: works

text: in

text: place

text: of

text: their

text: real

text: name

text: pen

text: name

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: make

text: the

text: author

text: 's

text: name

text: more

text: distinctive

text: to

text: disguise

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: gender

text: to

text: distance

text: an

text: author

text: from

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: previous

text: works

text: to

text: protect

text: the

text: author

text: from

text: retribution

text: for

text: his

text: or

text: her

text: writings

text: to

text: combine

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: author

text: into

text: single

text: author

text: or

text: for

text: any

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: reasons

text: related

text: to

text: the

text: marketing

text: or

text: aesthetic

text: presentation

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: The

text: author

text: 's

text: name

text: may

text: be

text: known

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: publisher

text: or

text: may

text: come

text: to

text: be

text: common

text: knowledge

text: A libretto is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical. The term "libretto" is also sometimes used to refer to the text of major liturgical works, such as the Mass, requiem and sacred cantata, or the story line of a ballet.

text: libretto

text: is

text: the

text: text

text: used

text: in

text: or

text: intended

text: for

text: an

text: extended

text: musical

text: work

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: opera

text: operetta

text: masque

text: oratorio

text: cantata

text: or

text: musical

text: The

text: term

text: libretto

text: is

text: also

text: sometimes

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: text

text: of

text: major

text: liturgical

text: works

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Mass

text: requiem

text: and

text: sacred

text: cantata

text: or

text: the

text: story

text: line

text: of

text: ballet

text: Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor or actress who adopts a characterin theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode.

text: Acting

text: is

text: an

text: activity

text: in

text: which

text: story

text: is

text: told

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: its

text: enactment

text: by

text: an

text: actor

text: or

text: actress

text: who

text: adopts

text: characterin

text: theatre

text: television

text: film

text: radio

text: or

text: any

text: other

text: medium

text: that

text: makes

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: mimetic

text: mode

text: Opera (English plural: "operas"; Italian plural: "opere" ) is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text (libretto) and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. In traditional opera, singers do two types of singing: recitative, a speech-inflected style and arias, a more melodic style. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance. The performance is typically given in an opera house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble, which since the early 19th century has been led by a conductor.

text: Opera

text: English

text: plural

text: operas

text: Italian

text: plural

text: opere

text: is

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: in

text: which

text: singers

text: and

text: musicians

text: perform

text: dramatic

text: work

text: combining

text: text

text: libretto

text: and

text: musical

text: score

text: usually

text: in

text: theatrical

text: setting

text: In

text: traditional

text: opera

text: singers

text: do

text: two

text: types

text: of

text: singing

text: recitative

text: speech

text: inflected

text: style

text: and

text: arias

text: more

text: melodic

text: style

text: Opera

text: incorporates

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: elements

text: of

text: spoken

text: theatre

text: such

text: as

text: acting

text: scenery

text: and

text: costumes

text: and

text: sometimes

text: includes

text: dance

text: The

text: performance

text: is

text: typically

text: given

text: in

text: an

text: opera

text: house

text: accompanied

text: by

text: an

text: orchestra

text: or

text: smaller

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: which

text: since

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: has

text: been

text: led

text: by

text: conductor

text: Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instrumentstraditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room. Most broadly, it includes any art music that is performed by a small number of performers, with one performer to a part (in contrast to orchestral music, in which each string part is played by a number of performers). However, by convention, it usually does not include solo instrument performances.

text: Chamber

text: music

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: composed

text: for

text: small

text: group

text: of

text: instrumentstraditionally

text: group

text: that

text: could

text: fit

text: in

text: palace

text: chamber

text: or

text: large

text: room

text: Most

text: broadly

text: it

text: includes

text: any

text: art

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: performed

text: by

text: small

text: number

text: of

text: performers

text: with

text: one

text: performer

text: to

text: part

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: orchestral

text: music

text: in

text: which

text: each

text: string

text: part

text: is

text: played

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: performers

text: However

text: by

text: convention

text: it

text: usually

text: does

text: not

text: include

text: solo

text: instrument

text: performances

text: Leopold II (Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 1 March 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary and Bohemia from 1790 to 1792, Archduke of Austria and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Emperor Francis I and his wife, Empress Maria Theresa, thus the brother of Marie Antoinette. Leopold was a moderate proponent of enlightened absolutism.

text: Leopold

text: II

text: Peter

text: Leopold

text: Josef

text: Anton

text: Joachim

text: Pius

text: Gotthard

text: May

text: March

text: was

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: and

text: King

text: of

text: Hungary

text: and

text: Bohemia

text: from

text: to

text: Archduke

text: of

text: Austria

text: and

text: Grand

text: Duke

text: of

text: Tuscany

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: was

text: son

text: of

text: Emperor

text: Francis

text: and

text: his

text: wife

text: Empress

text: Maria

text: Theresa

text: thus

text: the

text: brother

text: of

text: Marie

text: Antoinette

text: Leopold

text: was

text: moderate

text: proponent

text: of

text: enlightened

text: absolutism

text: A musical ensemble, also known as a music group or musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental and/or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name. Some music ensembles consist solely of instruments, such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra. Some music ensembles consist solely of singers, such as choirs and doo wop groups. In both popular music and classical music, there are ensembles in which both instrumentalists and singers perform, such as the rock band or the Baroque chamber group for basso continuo (harpsichord and cello) and one or more singers. In classical music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families (such as piano, strings, and wind instruments) or group together instruments from the same instrument family, such as string ensembles (e.g., string quartet) or wind ensembles (e.g., wind quintet). Some ensembles blend the sounds of a variety of instrument families, such as the orchestra, which uses a string section, brass instruments, woodwinds and percussion instruments, or the concert band, which uses brass, woodwinds and percussion.

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: music

text: group

text: or

text: musical

text: group

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: people

text: who

text: perform

text: instrumental

text: and/or

text: vocal

text: music

text: with

text: the

text: ensemble

text: typically

text: known

text: by

text: distinct

text: name

text: Some

text: music

text: ensembles

text: consist

text: solely

text: of

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: jazz

text: quartet

text: or

text: the

text: orchestra

text: Some

text: music

text: ensembles

text: consist

text: solely

text: of

text: singers

text: such

text: as

text: choirs

text: and

text: doo

text: wop

text: groups

text: In

text: both

text: popular

text: music

text: and

text: classical

text: music

text: there

text: are

text: ensembles

text: in

text: which

text: both

text: instrumentalists

text: and

text: singers

text: perform

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: rock

text: band

text: or

text: the

text: Baroque

text: chamber

text: group

text: for

text: basso

text: continuo

text: harpsichord

text: and

text: cello

text: and

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: singers

text: In

text: classical

text: music

text: trios

text: or

text: quartets

text: either

text: blend

text: the

text: sounds

text: of

text: musical

text: instrument

text: families

text: such

text: as

text: piano

text: strings

text: and

text: wind

text: instruments

text: or

text: group

text: together

text: instruments

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: instrument

text: family

text: such

text: as

text: string

text: ensembles

text: e.g.

text: string

text: quartet

text: or

text: wind

text: ensembles

text: e.g.

text: wind

text: quintet

text: Some

text: ensembles

text: blend

text: the

text: sounds

text: of

text: variety

text: of

text: instrument

text: families

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: orchestra

text: which

text: uses

text: string

text: section

text: brass

text: instruments

text: woodwinds

text: and

text: percussion

text: instruments

text: or

text: the

text: concert

text: band

text: which

text: uses

text: brass

text: woodwinds

text: and

text: percussion

text: The Charterhouse of Parma is a novel by Stendhal published in 1839. Telling the story of an Italian nobleman in the Napoleonic era and later, it was admired by Balzac, Tolstoy, André Gide and Henry James. The novel has been adapted for opera, film and television.

text: The

text: Charterhouse

text: of

text: Parma

text: is

text: novel

text: by

text: Stendhal

text: published

text: in

text: Telling

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: an

text: Italian

text: nobleman

text: in

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: era

text: and

text: later

text: it

text: was

text: admired

text: by

text: Balzac

text: Tolstoy

text: André

text: Gide

text: and

text: Henry

text: James

text: The

text: novel

text: has

text: been

text: adapted

text: for

text: opera

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: An opera house is a theatre building used for opera performances that consists of a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, and backstage facilities for costumes and set building. While some venues are constructed specifically for operas, other opera houses are part of larger performing arts centers.

text: An

text: opera

text: house

text: is

text: theatre

text: building

text: used

text: for

text: opera

text: performances

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: stage

text: an

text: orchestra

text: pit

text: audience

text: seating

text: and

text: backstage

text: facilities

text: for

text: costumes

text: and

text: set

text: building

text: While

text: some

text: venues

text: are

text: constructed

text: specifically

text: for

text: operas

text: other

text: opera

text: houses

text: are

text: part

text: of

text: larger

text: performing

text: arts

text: centers

text: Costume is the distinctive style of dress of an individual or group that reflects their class, gender, profession, ethnicity, nationality, activity or epoch.

text: Costume

text: is

text: the

text: distinctive

text: style

text: of

text: dress

text: of

text: an

text: individual

text: or

text: group

text: that

text: reflects

text: their

text: class

text: gender

text: profession

text: ethnicity

text: nationality

text: activity

text: or

text: epoch

text: The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.

text: The

text: French

text: Revolution

text: was

text: period

text: of

text: far

text: reaching

text: social

text: and

text: political

text: upheaval

text: in

text: France

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: until

text: and

text: was

text: partially

text: carried

text: forward

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: during

text: the

text: later

text: expansion

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Empire

text: The

text: Revolution

text: overthrew

text: the

text: monarchy

text: established

text: republic

text: experienced

text: violent

text: periods

text: of

text: political

text: turmoil

text: and

text: finally

text: culminated

text: in

text: dictatorship

text: under

text: Napoleon

text: that

text: rapidly

text: brought

text: many

text: of

text: its

text: principles

text: to

text: Western

text: Europe

text: and

text: beyond

text: Inspired

text: by

text: liberal

text: and

text: radical

text: ideas

text: the

text: Revolution

text: profoundly

text: altered

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: modern

text: history

text: triggering

text: the

text: global

text: decline

text: of

text: absolute

text: monarchies

text: while

text: replacing

text: them

text: with

text: republics

text: and

text: liberal

text: democracies

text: Through

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: it

text: unleashed

text: wave

text: of

text: global

text: conflicts

text: that

text: extended

text: from

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: to

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: Historians

text: widely

text: regard

text: the

text: Revolution

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: events

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: An impresario (from the Italian "impresa", 'an enterprise or undertaking') is a person who organizes and often finances concerts, plays, or operas, performing a role similar to that of an artist manager or a film or television producer. The term originated in the social and economic world of Italian opera, in which from the mid-18th century to the 1830s, the impresario was the key figure in the organization of a lyric season. The owners of the theatre, usually noble amateurs, charged the impresario with hiring a composer (until the 1850s operas were expected to be new) and the orchestra, singers, costumes and sets, all while assuming considerable financial risk. In 1786 Mozart satirized the stress and emotional mayhem in a single-act farce "Der Schauspieldirektor" ("The Impresario"). Antonio Vivaldi was unusual in acting as both impresario and composer; in 1714 he managed seasons at Teatro San Angelo in Venice, where his opera "Orlando finto pazzo" was followed by numerous others.

text: An

text: impresario

text: from

text: the

text: Italian

text: impresa

text: an

text: enterprise

text: or

text: undertaking

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: organizes

text: and

text: often

text: finances

text: concerts

text: plays

text: or

text: operas

text: performing

text: role

text: similar

text: to

text: that

text: of

text: an

text: artist

text: manager

text: or

text: film

text: or

text: television

text: producer

text: The

text: term

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: social

text: and

text: economic

text: world

text: of

text: Italian

text: opera

text: in

text: which

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: the

text: impresario

text: was

text: the

text: key

text: figure

text: in

text: the

text: organization

text: of

text: lyric

text: season

text: The

text: owners

text: of

text: the

text: theatre

text: usually

text: noble

text: amateurs

text: charged

text: the

text: impresario

text: with

text: hiring

text: composer

text: until

text: the

text: operas

text: were

text: expected

text: to

text: be

text: new

text: and

text: the

text: orchestra

text: singers

text: costumes

text: and

text: sets

text: all

text: while

text: assuming

text: considerable

text: financial

text: risk

text: In

text: Mozart

text: satirized

text: the

text: stress

text: and

text: emotional

text: mayhem

text: in

text: single

text: act

text: farce

text: Der

text: Schauspieldirektor

text: The

text: Impresario

text: Antonio

text: Vivaldi

text: was

text: unusual

text: in

text: acting

text: as

text: both

text: impresario

text: and

text: composer

text: in

text: he

text: managed

text: seasons

text: at

text: Teatro

text: San

text: Angelo

text: in

text: Venice

text: where

text: his

text: opera

text: Orlando

text: finto

text: pazzo

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: numerous

text: others

text: An orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which features string instruments such as violin, viola, cello and double bass, as well as brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments, grouped in sections. Other instruments such as the piano and celesta may sometimes appear in a fifth keyboard section or may stand alone, as may the concert harp and, for performances of some modern compositions, electronic instruments.

text: An

text: orchestra

text: is

text: large

text: instrumental

text: ensemble

text: typical

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: which

text: features

text: string

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: violin

text: viola

text: cello

text: and

text: double

text: bass

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: brass

text: woodwinds

text: and

text: percussion

text: instruments

text: grouped

text: in

text: sections

text: Other

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: piano

text: and

text: celesta

text: may

text: sometimes

text: appear

text: in

text: fifth

text: keyboard

text: section

text: or

text: may

text: stand

text: alone

text: as

text: may

text: the

text: concert

text: harp

text: and

text: for

text: performances

text: of

text: some

text: modern

text: compositions

text: electronic

text: instruments

text: A coronation is a ceremony marking the formal investiture of a monarch with regal power, usually involving the ritual placement of a crown upon the monarch's head and the presentation of other items of regalia. The ceremony can also be conducted for the monarch's consort, either simultaneously with the monarch or as a separate event. A ceremony without the placement of a crown on the person's head is known as an enthronement. The ceremony may include the taking of special vows by the monarch, acts of homage by the new ruler's subjects and the performance of other ritual deeds of special significance to the particular nation. Once a vital ritual among the world's monarchies, coronations have changed over time for a variety of socio-political and religious factors; most modern monarchies have dispensed with them altogether, preferring simpler enthronement, investiture or benediction ceremonies. Coronations are still observed in the United Kingdom, Tonga, and several Asian and African countries. In common usage today, "coronation" normally refers to the official investiture or enthronement of the monarch, whether or not an actual crown is bestowed.

text: coronation

text: is

text: ceremony

text: marking

text: the

text: formal

text: investiture

text: of

text: monarch

text: with

text: regal

text: power

text: usually

text: involving

text: the

text: ritual

text: placement

text: of

text: crown

text: upon

text: the

text: monarch

text: 's

text: head

text: and

text: the

text: presentation

text: of

text: other

text: items

text: of

text: regalia

text: The

text: ceremony

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: conducted

text: for

text: the

text: monarch

text: 's

text: consort

text: either

text: simultaneously

text: with

text: the

text: monarch

text: or

text: as

text: separate

text: event

text: ceremony

text: without

text: the

text: placement

text: of

text: crown

text: on

text: the

text: person

text: 's

text: head

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: enthronement

text: The

text: ceremony

text: may

text: include

text: the

text: taking

text: of

text: special

text: vows

text: by

text: the

text: monarch

text: acts

text: of

text: homage

text: by

text: the

text: new

text: ruler

text: 's

text: subjects

text: and

text: the

text: performance

text: of

text: other

text: ritual

text: deeds

text: of

text: special

text: significance

text: to

text: the

text: particular

text: nation

text: Once

text: vital

text: ritual

text: among

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: monarchies

text: coronations

text: have

text: changed

text: over

text: time

text: for

text: variety

text: of

text: socio

text: political

text: and

text: religious

text: factors

text: most

text: modern

text: monarchies

text: have

text: dispensed

text: with

text: them

text: altogether

text: preferring

text: simpler

text: enthronement

text: investiture

text: or

text: benediction

text: ceremonies

text: Coronations

text: are

text: still

text: observed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Tonga

text: and

text: several

text: Asian

text: and

text: African

text: countries

text: In

text: common

text: usage

text: today

text: coronation

text: normally

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: official

text: investiture

text: or

text: enthronement

text: of

text: the

text: monarch

text: whether

text: or

text: not

text: an

text: actual

text: crown

text: is

text: bestowed

text: Domenico Barbaia (also spelled Barbaja; 10 August 1777  19 October 1841) was best known as an opera Italian impresario.

text: Domenico

text: Barbaia

text: also

text: spelled

text: Barbaja

text: August

text: October

text: was

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: opera

text: Italian

text: impresario

text: Naples (Neapolitan: "Napule" or ;  meaning "new city") is the capital of the Italian region Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy, after Rome and Milan. In 2015, around 975,260 people lived within the city's administrative limits. The Metropolitan City of Naples had a population of 3,115,320. Naples is the 9th-most populous urban area in the European Union with a population of between 3 million and 3.7 million. About 4.4 million people live in the Naples metropolitan area, one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea.

text: Naples

text: Neapolitan

text: Napule

text: or

text: meaning

text: new

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Italian

text: region

text: Campania

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: municipality

text: in

text: Italy

text: after

text: Rome

text: and

text: Milan

text: In

text: around

text: people

text: lived

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: administrative

text: limits

text: The

text: Metropolitan

text: City

text: of

text: Naples

text: had

text: population

text: of

text: Naples

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: between

text: million

text: and

text: million

text: About

text: million

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: Naples

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: metropolises

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Le Rouge et le Noir (French for The Red and the Black) is a historical psychological novel in two volumes by Stendhal, published in 1830. It chronicles the attempts of a provincial young man to rise socially beyond his modest upbringing through a combination of talent, hard work, deception, and hypocrisy. He ultimately allows his passions to betray him.

text: Le

text: Rouge

text: et

text: le

text: Noir

text: French

text: for

text: The

text: Red

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: is

text: historical

text: psychological

text: novel

text: in

text: two

text: volumes

text: by

text: Stendhal

text: published

text: in

text: It

text: chronicles

text: the

text: attempts

text: of

text: provincial

text: young

text: man

text: to

text: rise

text: socially

text: beyond

text: his

text: modest

text: upbringing

text: through

text: combination

text: of

text: talent

text: hard

text: work

text: deception

text: and

text: hypocrisy

text: He

text: ultimately

text: allows

text: his

text: passions

text: to

text: betray

text: him

text: Domenico Guardasoni (c. 1731  14 June 1806) was an Italian tenor singer, opera producer and impresario.

text: Domenico

text: Guardasoni

text: June

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: tenor

text: singer

text: opera

text: producer

text: and

text: impresario

text:
Background.
In July 1791, the last year of his life, Mozart was already well advanced in writing ' when he was asked to compose an "opera seria". The commission came from the impresario Domenico Guardasoni, who lived in Prague and who had been charged by the Estates of Bohemia with providing a new work to celebrate the coronation of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor, as King of Bohemia. The coronation had been planned by the Estates in order to ratify a political agreement between Leopold and the nobility of Bohemia (it had rescinded efforts of Leopold's brother Joseph II to initiate a program to free the serfs of Bohemia and increase the tax burden of aristocratic landholders). Leopold desired to pacify the Bohemian nobility in order to forestall revolt and strengthen his empire in the face of political challenges engendered by the French Revolution. The ceremony was to take place on 6 September; Guardasoni had been approached about the opera in June. No opera of Mozart was more clearly pressed into the service of a political agenda than ', in this case to promote the reactionary political and social policies of an aristocratic elite. No evidence exists to evaluate Mozart's attitude toward this, or even whether he was aware of the internal political conflicts raging in the kingdom of Bohemia in 1791.

text: Background

text: In

text: July

text: the

text: last

text: year

text: of

text: his

text: life

text: Mozart

text: was

text: already

text: well

text: advanced

text: in

text: writing

text: when

text: he

text: was

text: asked

text: to

text: compose

text: an

text: opera

text: seria

text: The

text: commission

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: impresario

text: Domenico

text: Guardasoni

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: Prague

text: and

text: who

text: had

text: been

text: charged

text: by

text: the

text: Estates

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: with

text: providing

text: new

text: work

text: to

text: celebrate

text: the

text: coronation

text: of

text: Leopold

text: II

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Emperor

text: as

text: King

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: The

text: coronation

text: had

text: been

text: planned

text: by

text: the

text: Estates

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: ratify

text: political

text: agreement

text: between

text: Leopold

text: and

text: the

text: nobility

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: it

text: had

text: rescinded

text: efforts

text: of

text: Leopold

text: 's

text: brother

text: Joseph

text: II

text: to

text: initiate

text: program

text: to

text: free

text: the

text: serfs

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: and

text: increase

text: the

text: tax

text: burden

text: of

text: aristocratic

text: landholders

text: Leopold

text: desired

text: to

text: pacify

text: the

text: Bohemian

text: nobility

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: forestall

text: revolt

text: and

text: strengthen

text: his

text: empire

text: in

text: the

text: face

text: of

text: political

text: challenges

text: engendered

text: by

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: The

text: ceremony

text: was

text: to

text: take

text: place

text: on

text: September

text: Guardasoni

text: had

text: been

text: approached

text: about

text: the

text: opera

text: in

text: June

text: No

text: opera

text: of

text: Mozart

text: was

text: more

text: clearly

text: pressed

text: into

text: the

text: service

text: of

text: political

text: agenda

text: than

text: in

text: this

text: case

text: to

text: promote

text: the

text: reactionary

text: political

text: and

text: social

text: policies

text: of

text: an

text: aristocratic

text: elite

text: No

text: evidence

text: exists

text: to

text: evaluate

text: Mozart

text: 's

text: attitude

text: toward

text: this

text: or

text: even

text: whether

text: he

text: was

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: internal

text: political

text: conflicts

text: raging

text: in

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Bohemia

text: in

text: Marie-Henri Beyle (23 January 1783  23 March 1842), better known by his pen name Stendhal (or ; in English , , or ), was a 19th-century French writer. Best known for the novels "Le Rouge et le Noir" ("The Red and the Black", 1830) and "La Chartreuse de Parme" ("The Charterhouse of Parma", 1839), he is highly regarded for the acute analysis of his characters' psychology and considered one of the earliest and foremost practitioners of realism.

text: Marie

text: Henri

text: Beyle

text: January

text: March

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: pen

text: name

text: Stendhal

text: or

text: in

text: English

text: or

text: was

text: century

text: French

text: writer

text: Best

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: novels

text: Le

text: Rouge

text: et

text: le

text: Noir

text: The

text: Red

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: and

text: La

text: Chartreuse

text: de

text: Parme

text: The

text: Charterhouse

text: of

text: Parma

text: he

text: is

text: highly

text: regarded

text: for

text: the

text: acute

text: analysis

text: of

text: his

text: characters

text: psychology

text: and

text: considered

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: earliest

text: and

text: foremost

text: practitioners

text: of

text: realism

text: A musician (or instrumentalist) is a person who plays a musical instrument or is musically talented. Anyone who composes, conducts, or performs music may also be referred to as a musician.

text: musician

text: or

text: instrumentalist

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: plays

text: musical

text: instrument

text: or

text: is

text: musically

text: talented

text: Anyone

text: who

text: composes

text: conducts

text: or

text: performs

text: music

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: musician

text:
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance. The term comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical Greek: , "drama"), which is derived from "to do" (Classical Greek: , "drao").
The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division between comedy and tragedy. They are symbols of the ancient Greek Muses, Thalia, and Melpomene. Thalia was the Muse of comedy (the laughing face), while Melpomene was the Muse of tragedy (the weeping face). Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever since Aristotle's "Poetics" (c. 335 BCE)the earliest work of dramatic theory.

text: Drama

text: is

text: the

text: specific

text: mode

text: of

text: fiction

text: represented

text: in

text: performance

text: The

text: term

text: comes

text: from

text: Greek

text: word

text: meaning

text: action

text: Classical

text: Greek

text: drama

text: which

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: to

text: do

text: Classical

text: Greek

text: drao

text: The

text: two

text: masks

text: associated

text: with

text: drama

text: represent

text: the

text: traditional

text: generic

text: division

text: between

text: comedy

text: and

text: tragedy

text: They

text: are

text: symbols

text: of

text: the

text: ancient

text: Greek

text: Muses

text: Thalia

text: and

text: Melpomene

text: Thalia

text: was

text: the

text: Muse

text: of

text: comedy

text: the

text: laughing

text: face

text: while

text: Melpomene

text: was

text: the

text: Muse

text: of

text: tragedy

text: the

text: weeping

text: face

text: Considered

text: as

text: genre

text: of

text: poetry

text: in

text: general

text: the

text: dramatic

text: mode

text: has

text: been

text: contrasted

text: with

text: the

text: epic

text: and

text: the

text: lyrical

text: modes

text: ever

text: since

text: Aristotle

text: 's

text: Poetics

text: BCE)the

text: earliest

text: work

text: of

text: dramatic

text: theory

text: Opera seria (plural: "opere serie"; usually called "dramma per musica" or "melodramma serio") is an Italian musical term which refers to the noble and "serious" style of Italian opera that predominated in Europe from the 1710s to c. 1770. The term itself was rarely used at the time and only attained common usage once "opera seria" was becoming unfashionable and beginning to be viewed as a historical genre. The popular rival to "opera seria" was "opera buffa," the 'comic' opera that took its cue from the improvisatory commedia dell'arte.

text: Opera

text: seria

text: plural

text: opere

text: serie

text: usually

text: called

text: dramma

text: per

text: musica

text: or

text: melodramma

text: serio

text: is

text: an

text: Italian

text: musical

text: term

text: which

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: noble

text: and

text: serious

text: style

text: of

text: Italian

text: opera

text: that

text: predominated

text: in

text: Europe

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: The

text: term

text: itself

text: was

text: rarely

text: used

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: and

text: only

text: attained

text: common

text: usage

text: once

text: opera

text: seria

text: was

text: becoming

text: unfashionable

text: and

text: beginning

text: to

text: be

text: viewed

text: as

text: historical

text: genre

text: The

text: popular

text: rival

text: to

text: opera

text: seria

text: was

text: opera

text: buffa

text: the

text: comic

text: opera

text: that

text: took

text: its

text: cue

text: from

text: the

text: improvisatory

text: commedia

text: dell'arte

text: The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys (small levers) that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. Invented in about 1700 (the exact year is uncertain), the piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, and for composing, songwriting and rehearsals. Although the piano is very heavy and thus not portable and is expensive (in comparison with other widely used accompaniment instruments, such as the acoustic guitar), its musical versatility (i.e., its wide pitch range, ability to play chords with up to 10 notes, louder or softer notes and two or more independent musical lines at the same time), the large number of musicians and amateurs trained in playing it, and its wide availability in performance venues, schools and rehearsal spaces have made it one of the Western world's most familiar musical instruments.

text: The

text: piano

text: is

text: an

text: acoustic

text: stringed

text: musical

text: instrument

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: strings

text: are

text: struck

text: by

text: hammers

text: It

text: is

text: played

text: using

text: keyboard

text: which

text: is

text: row

text: of

text: keys

text: small

text: levers

text: that

text: the

text: performer

text: presses

text: down

text: or

text: strikes

text: with

text: the

text: fingers

text: and

text: thumbs

text: of

text: both

text: hands

text: to

text: cause

text: the

text: hammers

text: to

text: strike

text: the

text: strings

text: Invented

text: in

text: about

text: the

text: exact

text: year

text: is

text: uncertain

text: the

text: piano

text: is

text: widely

text: employed

text: in

text: classical

text: jazz

text: traditional

text: and

text: popular

text: music

text: for

text: solo

text: and

text: ensemble

text: performances

text: accompaniment

text: and

text: for

text: composing

text: songwriting

text: and

text: rehearsals

text: Although

text: the

text: piano

text: is

text: very

text: heavy

text: and

text: thus

text: not

text: portable

text: and

text: is

text: expensive

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: other

text: widely

text: used

text: accompaniment

text: instruments

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: acoustic

text: guitar

text: its

text: musical

text: versatility

text: i.e.

text: its

text: wide

text: pitch

text: range

text: ability

text: to

text: play

text: chords

text: with

text: up

text: to

text: notes

text: louder

text: or

text: softer

text: notes

text: and

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: independent

text: musical

text: lines

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: musicians

text: and

text: amateurs

text: trained

text: in

text: playing

text: it

text: and

text: its

text: wide

text: availability

text: in

text: performance

text: venues

text: schools

text: and

text: rehearsal

text: spaces

text: have

text: made

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: familiar

text: musical

text: instruments

text: Zelmira ( Italian pronunciation : ( dzelmira ) ) is an opera in two acts by Gioachino Rossini to a libretto by Andrea Leone Tottola . Based on the French play , Zelmire by de Belloy , it was the last of the composer 's Neapolitan operas . Stendhal called its music Teutonic , comparing it with La clemenza di Tito but remarking : `` ... while Mozart would probably , had he lived , have grown completely Italian , Rossini may well , by the end of his career , have become more German than Beethoven himself ! ''

text: Zelmira

text: Italian

text: pronunciation

text: dzelmira

text: is

text: an

text: opera

text: in

text: two

text: acts

text: by

text: Gioachino

text: Rossini

text: to

text: libretto

text: by

text: Andrea

text: Leone

text: Tottola

text: Based

text: on

text: the

text: French

text: play

text: Zelmire

text: by

text: de

text: Belloy

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: composer

text: 's

text: Neapolitan

text: operas

text: Stendhal

text: called

text: its

text: music

text: Teutonic

text: comparing

text: it

text: with

text: La

text: clemenza

text: di

text: Tito

text: but

text: remarking

text: while

text: Mozart

text: would

text: probably

text: had

text: he

text: lived

text: have

text: grown

text: completely

text: Italian

text: Rossini

text: may

text: well

text: by

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: have

text: become

text: more

text: German

text: than

text: Beethoven

text: himself

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: genre zelmira

answer: opera seria

text: opera seria

text: opera seria

text: opera seria

text: opera seria


text:
Command generally refers to the ability to "dominate an area of situation".
There are several definitions of command and control (C2). According to older versions of U.S. Army FM 3-0, C2 in a military organization is the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commanding officer over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. The term may also refer to command and control systems within a military system.

text: Command

text: generally

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: dominate

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: situation

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: definitions

text: of

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: According

text: to

text: older

text: versions

text: of

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: FM

text: in

text: military

text: organization

text: is

text: the

text: exercise

text: of

text: authority

text: and

text: direction

text: by

text: properly

text: designated

text: commanding

text: officer

text: over

text: assigned

text: and

text: attached

text: forces

text: in

text: the

text: accomplishment

text: of

text: the

text: mission

text: The

text: term

text: may

text: also

text: refer

text: to

text: command

text: and

text: control

text: systems

text: within

text: military

text: system

text: The commanding officer (CO) or, if the incumbent is a general officer, commanding general (CG), is the officer in command of a military unit. Typically, the commanding officer has ultimate authority over the unit, and is usually given wide latitude to run the unit as he or she sees fit, within the bounds of military law. In this respect, commanding officers have significant responsibilities (for example, the use of force, finances, equipment, the Geneva Conventions), duties (to higher authority, mission effectiveness, duty of care to personnel), and powers (for example, discipline and punishment of personnel within certain limits of military law).

text: The

text: commanding

text: officer

text: CO

text: or

text: if

text: the

text: incumbent

text: is

text: general

text: officer

text: commanding

text: general

text: CG

text: is

text: the

text: officer

text: in

text: command

text: of

text: military

text: unit

text: Typically

text: the

text: commanding

text: officer

text: has

text: ultimate

text: authority

text: over

text: the

text: unit

text: and

text: is

text: usually

text: given

text: wide

text: latitude

text: to

text: run

text: the

text: unit

text: as

text: he

text: or

text: she

text: sees

text: fit

text: within

text: the

text: bounds

text: of

text: military

text: law

text: In

text: this

text: respect

text: commanding

text: officers

text: have

text: significant

text: responsibilities

text: for

text: example

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: force

text: finances

text: equipment

text: the

text: Geneva

text: Conventions

text: duties

text: to

text: higher

text: authority

text: mission

text: effectiveness

text: duty

text: of

text: care

text: to

text: personnel

text: and

text: powers

text: for

text: example

text: discipline

text: and

text: punishment

text: of

text: personnel

text: within

text: certain

text: limits

text: of

text: military

text: law

text: The military, also called the armed forces, are forces authorized to use deadly force, and weapons, to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens. The task of the military is usually defined as defense of the state and its citizens, and the prosecution of war against another state. The military may also have additional sanctioned and non-sanctioned functions within a society, including, the promotion of a political agenda, protecting corporate economic interests, internal population control, construction, emergency services, social ceremonies, and guarding important areas. The military can also function as a discrete subculture within a larger civil society, through the development of separate infrastructures, which may include housing, schools, utilities, food production and banking.

text: The

text: military

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: armed

text: forces

text: are

text: forces

text: authorized

text: to

text: use

text: deadly

text: force

text: and

text: weapons

text: to

text: support

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: some

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: its

text: citizens

text: The

text: task

text: of

text: the

text: military

text: is

text: usually

text: defined

text: as

text: defense

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: its

text: citizens

text: and

text: the

text: prosecution

text: of

text: war

text: against

text: another

text: state

text: The

text: military

text: may

text: also

text: have

text: additional

text: sanctioned

text: and

text: non

text: sanctioned

text: functions

text: within

text: society

text: including

text: the

text: promotion

text: of

text: political

text: agenda

text: protecting

text: corporate

text: economic

text: interests

text: internal

text: population

text: control

text: construction

text: emergency

text: services

text: social

text: ceremonies

text: and

text: guarding

text: important

text: areas

text: The

text: military

text: can

text: also

text: function

text: as

text: discrete

text: subculture

text: within

text: larger

text: civil

text: society

text: through

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: separate

text: infrastructures

text: which

text: may

text: include

text: housing

text: schools

text: utilities

text: food

text: production

text: and

text: banking

text: The word authority (derived from the Latin word "auctoritas") can be used to mean the right to exercise power given by the State (in the form of government, judges, police officers, etc.), or by academic knowledge of an area (someone that can be an authority on a subject).

text: The

text: word

text: authority

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: word

text: auctoritas

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: to

text: mean

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: exercise

text: power

text: given

text: by

text: the

text: State

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: government

text: judges

text: police

text: officers

text: etc

text: or

text: by

text: academic

text: knowledge

text: of

text: an

text: area

text: someone

text: that

text: can

text: be

text: an

text: authority

text: on

text: subject

text: The 12th Airborne Command and Control Squadron is a unit that flies the E- 8C Joint STARS , Its parent unit is the 461st Air Control Wing .

text: The

text: Airborne

text: Command

text: and

text: Control

text: Squadron

text: is

text: unit

text: that

text: flies

text: the

text: E-

text: Joint

text: STARS

text: Its

text: parent

text: unit

text: is

text: the

text: Air

text: Control

text: Wing

question: instance_of 12th airborne command and control squadron

answer: military unit

text: military unit