text: William Scott "Bill" Bruford (born 17 May 1949) is a retired English drummer, percussionist, songwriter, producer, and record label owner who first gained prominence as the original drummer of the rock band Yes, from 1968 to 1972. After his departure from Yes, Bruford spent the rest of the 1970s playing in King Crimson, touring with Genesis and U.K., and forming his own group, Bruford.

text: William

text: Scott

text: Bill

text: Bruford

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: retired

text: English

text: drummer

text: percussionist

text: songwriter

text: producer

text: and

text: record

text: label

text: owner

text: who

text: first

text: gained

text: prominence

text: as

text: the

text: original

text: drummer

text: of

text: the

text: rock

text: band

text: Yes

text: from

text: to

text: After

text: his

text: departure

text: from

text: Yes

text: Bruford

text: spent

text: the

text: rest

text: of

text: the

text: playing

text: in

text: King

text: Crimson

text: touring

text: with

text: Genesis

text: and

text: U.K.

text: and

text: forming

text: his

text: own

text: group

text: Bruford

text: Wishbone Ash are a British rock band who achieved success in the early and mid-1970s. Their popular albums included "Wishbone Ash" (1970), "Pilgrimage" (1971), "Argus" (1972), "There's the Rub" (1974), and "New England" (1976). Wishbone Ash are noted for their extensive use of the harmony twin lead guitar format which had been attracting electric blues bands since Jeff Beck and Jimmy Page had played together in the Yardbirds in 1966. Their contributions helped Andy Powell and Ted Turner to be voted "Two of the Ten Most Important Guitarists in Rock History" ("Traffic" magazine 1989), and to appear in the "Top 20 Guitarists of All Time" ("Rolling Stone"). "Melody Maker" (1972) described Powell and Turner as "the most interesting two guitar team since the days when Beck and Page graced The Yardbirds". They have been cited as an influence by Iron Maiden founder and bassist Steve Harris, as well as Thin Lizzy and other duel guitar bands.

text: Wishbone

text: Ash

text: are

text: British

text: rock

text: band

text: who

text: achieved

text: success

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: Their

text: popular

text: albums

text: included

text: Wishbone

text: Ash

text: Pilgrimage

text: Argus

text: There

text: 's

text: the

text: Rub

text: and

text: New

text: England

text: Wishbone

text: Ash

text: are

text: noted

text: for

text: their

text: extensive

text: use

text: of

text: the

text: harmony

text: twin

text: lead

text: guitar

text: format

text: which

text: had

text: been

text: attracting

text: electric

text: blues

text: bands

text: since

text: Jeff

text: Beck

text: and

text: Jimmy

text: Page

text: had

text: played

text: together

text: in

text: the

text: Yardbirds

text: in

text: Their

text: contributions

text: helped

text: Andy

text: Powell

text: and

text: Ted

text: Turner

text: to

text: be

text: voted

text: Two

text: of

text: the

text: Ten

text: Most

text: Important

text: Guitarists

text: in

text: Rock

text: History

text: Traffic

text: magazine

text: and

text: to

text: appear

text: in

text: the

text: Top

text: Guitarists

text: of

text: All

text: Time

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: Melody

text: Maker

text: described

text: Powell

text: and

text: Turner

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: interesting

text: two

text: guitar

text: team

text: since

text: the

text: days

text: when

text: Beck

text: and

text: Page

text: graced

text: The

text: Yardbirds

text: They

text: have

text: been

text: cited

text: as

text: an

text: influence

text: by

text: Iron

text: Maiden

text: founder

text: and

text: bassist

text: Steve

text: Harris

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: Thin

text: Lizzy

text: and

text: other

text: duel

text: guitar

text: bands

text: Roxy Music were an English rock band formed in 1971 by Bryan Ferry, who became the band's lead vocalist and chief songwriter, and bassist Graham Simpson. Alongside Ferry, the other longtime members were Phil Manzanera (guitar), Andy Mackay (saxophone and oboe) and Paul Thompson (drums and percussion). Other former members include Brian Eno (synthesizer and "treatments"), Eddie Jobson (synthesiser and violin), and John Gustafson (bass). Although the band took a break from group activities in 1976 and again in 1983, they reunited for a concert tour in 2001, and toured together intermittently between that time and their break-up in 2011. Ferry frequently enlisted members of Roxy Music as session musicians for his solo releases.

text: Roxy

text: Music

text: were

text: an

text: English

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: Bryan

text: Ferry

text: who

text: became

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: lead

text: vocalist

text: and

text: chief

text: songwriter

text: and

text: bassist

text: Graham

text: Simpson

text: Alongside

text: Ferry

text: the

text: other

text: longtime

text: members

text: were

text: Phil

text: Manzanera

text: guitar

text: Andy

text: Mackay

text: saxophone

text: and

text: oboe

text: and

text: Paul

text: Thompson

text: drums

text: and

text: percussion

text: Other

text: former

text: members

text: include

text: Brian

text: Eno

text: synthesizer

text: and

text: treatments

text: Eddie

text: Jobson

text: synthesiser

text: and

text: violin

text: and

text: John

text: Gustafson

text: bass

text: Although

text: the

text: band

text: took

text: break

text: from

text: group

text: activities

text: in

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: they

text: reunited

text: for

text: concert

text: tour

text: in

text: and

text: toured

text: together

text: intermittently

text: between

text: that

text: time

text: and

text: their

text: break

text: up

text: in

text: Ferry

text: frequently

text: enlisted

text: members

text: of

text: Roxy

text: Music

text: as

text: session

text: musicians

text: for

text: his

text: solo

text: releases

text: London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom, as well as the most populous city proper in the European Union. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it "Londinium". London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its medieval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split between Middlesex, Essex, Surrey, Kent, and Hertfordshire, which today largely makes up Greater London, governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.

text: London

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Standing

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Thames

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: London

text: has

text: been

text: major

text: settlement

text: for

text: two

text: millennia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: Londinium

text: London

text: 's

text: ancient

text: core

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: London

text: largely

text: retains

text: its

text: medieval

text: boundaries

text: Since

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: century

text: London

text: has

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: metropolis

text: around

text: this

text: core

text: historically

text: split

text: between

text: Middlesex

text: Essex

text: Surrey

text: Kent

text: and

text: Hertfordshire

text: which

text: today

text: largely

text: makes

text: up

text: Greater

text: London

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: London

text: and

text: the

text: London

text: Assembly

text: Edwin "Eddie" Jobson (born 28 April 1955) is an English keyboardist and violinist noted for his use of synthesizers. He has been a member of several progressive rock bands, including Curved Air, Roxy Music, UK, Jethro Tull and (very briefly) Yes. He was also part of Frank Zappa's band in 197677. Aside from his keyboard work Jobson has also gained acclaim for his violin playing.

text: Edwin

text: Eddie

text: Jobson

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: keyboardist

text: and

text: violinist

text: noted

text: for

text: his

text: use

text: of

text: synthesizers

text: He

text: has

text: been

text: member

text: of

text: several

text: progressive

text: rock

text: bands

text: including

text: Curved

text: Air

text: Roxy

text: Music

text: UK

text: Jethro

text: Tull

text: and

text: very

text: briefly

text: Yes

text: He

text: was

text: also

text: part

text: of

text: Frank

text: Zappa

text: 's

text: band

text: in

text: Aside

text: from

text: his

text: keyboard

text: work

text: Jobson

text: has

text: also

text: gained

text: acclaim

text: for

text: his

text: violin

text: playing

text: King Crimson are an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The band has undergone numerous formations throughout its history of which 21 musicians have been members; since January of 2017 it has consisted of Robert Fripp, Jakko Jakszyk, Tony Levin, Mel Collins, Pat Mastelotto, Gavin Harrison, Bill Rieflin and Jeremy Stacey. Fripp is the only consistent member of the group, and is considered the band's leader and driving force. The band has earned a large cult following.

text: King

text: Crimson

text: are

text: an

text: English

text: rock

text: band

text: formed

text: in

text: London

text: in

text: The

text: band

text: has

text: undergone

text: numerous

text: formations

text: throughout

text: its

text: history

text: of

text: which

text: musicians

text: have

text: been

text: members

text: since

text: January

text: of

text: it

text: has

text: consisted

text: of

text: Robert

text: Fripp

text: Jakko

text: Jakszyk

text: Tony

text: Levin

text: Mel

text: Collins

text: Pat

text: Mastelotto

text: Gavin

text: Harrison

text: Bill

text: Rieflin

text: and

text: Jeremy

text: Stacey

text: Fripp

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: consistent

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: group

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: the

text: band

text: 's

text: leader

text: and

text: driving

text: force

text: The

text: band

text: has

text: earned

text: large

text: cult

text: following

text: Curved Air are a pioneering British progressive rock group formed in 1970 by musicians from mixed artistic backgrounds, including classical, folk, and electronic sound. The resulting sound of the band was a mixture of progressive rock, folk rock, and fusion with classical elements. Along with High Tide and East of Eden, Curved Air were one of the first rock bands after It's a Beautiful Day and the United States of America to feature a violin. Curved Air released eight studio albums, the first three of which broke the UK Top 20, and had a hit single with "Back Street Luv" (1971) which reached number 4 in the UK Singles Chart.

text: Curved

text: Air

text: are

text: pioneering

text: British

text: progressive

text: rock

text: group

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: musicians

text: from

text: mixed

text: artistic

text: backgrounds

text: including

text: classical

text: folk

text: and

text: electronic

text: sound

text: The

text: resulting

text: sound

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: was

text: mixture

text: of

text: progressive

text: rock

text: folk

text: rock

text: and

text: fusion

text: with

text: classical

text: elements

text: Along

text: with

text: High

text: Tide

text: and

text: East

text: of

text: Eden

text: Curved

text: Air

text: were

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: rock

text: bands

text: after

text: It

text: 's

text: Beautiful

text: Day

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: to

text: feature

text: violin

text: Curved

text: Air

text: released

text: eight

text: studio

text: albums

text: the

text: first

text: three

text: of

text: which

text: broke

text: the

text: UK

text: Top

text: and

text: had

text: hit

text: single

text: with

text: Back

text: Street

text: Luv

text: which

text: reached

text: number

text: in

text: the

text: UK

text: Singles

text: Chart

text: Famously described by Brian Eno as 'the most important band in the world', Man Jumping was a musical ensemble formed in England in 1983 which comprised members of the much larger but disbanded musical collective The Lost Jockey. The band was conceived primarily as a recording project whose musical agenda saxophonist Andy Blake described as "to develop a post-minimalist musical language further towards rock, funk and dance music, without The Lost Jockey's mistakes.".

text: Famously

text: described

text: by

text: Brian

text: Eno

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: band

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Man

text: Jumping

text: was

text: musical

text: ensemble

text: formed

text: in

text: England

text: in

text: which

text: comprised

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: much

text: larger

text: but

text: disbanded

text: musical

text: collective

text: The

text: Lost

text: Jockey

text: The

text: band

text: was

text: conceived

text: primarily

text: as

text: recording

text: project

text: whose

text: musical

text: agenda

text: saxophonist

text: Andy

text: Blake

text: described

text: as

text: to

text: develop

text: post

text: minimalist

text: musical

text: language

text: further

text: towards

text: rock

text: funk

text: and

text: dance

text: music

text: without

text: The

text: Lost

text: Jockey

text: 's

text: mistakes

text: In the Court of the Crimson King: An Observation by King Crimson is the debut studio album from the English rock band King Crimson, released on 10 October 1969 on Atlantic Records. The album is considered to be one of the first and most influential of the progressive rock genre, where the band largely departed from the blues influences that rock music was founded upon and combined elements of jazz, classical, and symphonic music.

text: In

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: Crimson

text: King

text: An

text: Observation

text: by

text: King

text: Crimson

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: from

text: the

text: English

text: rock

text: band

text: King

text: Crimson

text: released

text: on

text: October

text: on

text: Atlantic

text: Records

text: The

text: album

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: and

text: most

text: influential

text: of

text: the

text: progressive

text: rock

text: genre

text: where

text: the

text: band

text: largely

text: departed

text: from

text: the

text: blues

text: influences

text: that

text: rock

text: music

text: was

text: founded

text: upon

text: and

text: combined

text: elements

text: of

text: jazz

text: classical

text: and

text: symphonic

text: music

text:
Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western music, including both liturgical (religious) and secular music. While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period), this article is about the broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day, which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900, which is known as the common-practice period. The major time divisions of Western art music are as follows:
European art music is largely distinguished from many other non-European and some popular musical forms by its system of staff notation, in use since about the 16th century. Western staff notation is used by composers to indicate to the performer the pitches (e.g., melodies, basslines, chords), tempo, meter and rhythms for a piece of music. This can leave less room for practices such as improvisation and "ad libitum" ornamentation, which are frequently heard in non-European art music and in popular-music styles such as jazz and blues. Another difference is that whereas most popular styles adopt the song (strophic) form, classical music has been noted for its development of highly sophisticated forms of instrumental music such as the concerto, symphony, sonata, and mixed vocal and instrumental styles such as opera which, since they are written down, can sustain larger forms and attain a high level of complexity.

text: Classical

text: music

text: is

text: art

text: music

text: produced

text: or

text: rooted

text: in

text: the

text: traditions

text: of

text: Western

text: music

text: including

text: both

text: liturgical

text: religious

text: and

text: secular

text: music

text: While

text: more

text: accurate

text: term

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: to

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: this

text: article

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: broad

text: span

text: of

text: time

text: from

text: roughly

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: Classical

text: period

text: and

text: various

text: other

text: periods

text: The

text: central

text: norms

text: of

text: this

text: tradition

text: became

text: codified

text: between

text: and

text: which

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: common

text: practice

text: period

text: The

text: major

text: time

text: divisions

text: of

text: Western

text: art

text: music

text: are

text: as

text: follows

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: is

text: largely

text: distinguished

text: from

text: many

text: other

text: non

text: European

text: and

text: some

text: popular

text: musical

text: forms

text: by

text: its

text: system

text: of

text: staff

text: notation

text: in

text: use

text: since

text: about

text: the

text: century

text: Western

text: staff

text: notation

text: is

text: used

text: by

text: composers

text: to

text: indicate

text: to

text: the

text: performer

text: the

text: pitches

text: e.g.

text: melodies

text: basslines

text: chords

text: tempo

text: meter

text: and

text: rhythms

text: for

text: piece

text: of

text: music

text: This

text: can

text: leave

text: less

text: room

text: for

text: practices

text: such

text: as

text: improvisation

text: and

text: ad

text: libitum

text: ornamentation

text: which

text: are

text: frequently

text: heard

text: in

text: non

text: European

text: art

text: music

text: and

text: in

text: popular

text: music

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: jazz

text: and

text: blues

text: Another

text: difference

text: is

text: that

text: whereas

text: most

text: popular

text: styles

text: adopt

text: the

text: song

text: strophic

text: form

text: classical

text: music

text: has

text: been

text: noted

text: for

text: its

text: development

text: of

text: highly

text: sophisticated

text: forms

text: of

text: instrumental

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: concerto

text: symphony

text: sonata

text: and

text: mixed

text: vocal

text: and

text: instrumental

text: styles

text: such

text: as

text: opera

text: which

text: since

text: they

text: are

text: written

text: down

text: can

text: sustain

text: larger

text: forms

text: and

text: attain

text: high

text: level

text: of

text: complexity

text: John Kenneth Wetton (12 June 1949  31 January 2017) was an English singer, bassist, and songwriter. He was born in Willington, Derbyshire, and grew up in Bournemouth. He rose to fame with bands Mogul Thrash, Family, King Crimson, Roxy Music/Bryan Ferry, Uriah Heep, and Wishbone Ash.

text: John

text: Kenneth

text: Wetton

text: June

text: January

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: singer

text: bassist

text: and

text: songwriter

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Willington

text: Derbyshire

text: and

text: grew

text: up

text: in

text: Bournemouth

text: He

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: with

text: bands

text: Mogul

text: Thrash

text: Family

text: King

text: Crimson

text: Roxy

text: Music

text: Bryan

text: Ferry

text: Uriah

text: Heep

text: and

text: Wishbone

text: Ash

text: George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943) is an English singer, songwriter, bassist, and composer. In 1965, he co-founded the progressive rock band Pink Floyd with drummer Nick Mason, keyboardist Rick Wright and guitarist, singer, and songwriter Syd Barrett. Waters initially served as the group's bassist, but following the departure of Barrett in 1968, he also became their lyricist, conceptual leader and co-lead vocalist.

text: George

text: Roger

text: Waters

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: bassist

text: and

text: composer

text: In

text: he

text: co

text: founded

text: the

text: progressive

text: rock

text: band

text: Pink

text: Floyd

text: with

text: drummer

text: Nick

text: Mason

text: keyboardist

text: Rick

text: Wright

text: and

text: guitarist

text: singer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: Syd

text: Barrett

text: Waters

text: initially

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: group

text: 's

text: bassist

text: but

text: following

text: the

text: departure

text: of

text: Barrett

text: in

text: he

text: also

text: became

text: their

text: lyricist

text: conceptual

text: leader

text: and

text: co

text: lead

text: vocalist

text: U.K. is the self - titled debut album by the progressive rock supergroup U.K. , released in 1978 through E.G. Records and Polydor Records . It features John Wetton , Eddie Jobson , Bill Bruford , and Allan Holdsworth . `` In the Dead of Night '' and `` Mental Medication '' were both edited for single release . In 2015 Rolling Stone magazine ranked it as the 30th best progressive rock album of all time .

text: U.K.

text: is

text: the

text: self

text: titled

text: debut

text: album

text: by

text: the

text: progressive

text: rock

text: supergroup

text: U.K.

text: released

text: in

text: through

text: E.G.

text: Records

text: and

text: Polydor

text: Records

text: It

text: features

text: John

text: Wetton

text: Eddie

text: Jobson

text: Bill

text: Bruford

text: and

text: Allan

text: Holdsworth

text: In

text: the

text: Dead

text: of

text: Night

text: and

text: Mental

text: Medication

text: were

text: both

text: edited

text: for

text: single

text: release

text: In

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: magazine

text: ranked

text: it

text: as

text: the

text: best

text: progressive

text: rock

text: album

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: Universal Music Group, Inc. (also known as Universal Music Group Recordings, Inc. and abbreviated as UMG) is an American-French global music corporation that is a subsidiary of the Paris-based French media conglomerate Vivendi. UMG's global corporate headquarters are in Santa Monica, California.

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: Inc.

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: Recordings

text: Inc.

text: and

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: UMG

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: French

text: global

text: music

text: corporation

text: that

text: is

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: the

text: Paris

text: based

text: French

text: media

text: conglomerate

text: Vivendi

text: UMG

text: 's

text: global

text: corporate

text: headquarters

text: are

text: in

text: Santa

text: Monica

text: California

text: Polydor is a British record label and company, that operates as part of Universal Music Group. It has a close relationship with Universal's Interscope Geffen A&M label, which distributes Polydor's releases in the United States. In turn, Polydor distributes Interscope releases in the United Kingdom. Polydor Records Ltd. was established in 1954 British subsidiary in London by German Deutsche Grammophon GmbH. It was renamed in 1972 to Polydor Ltd.

text: Polydor

text: is

text: British

text: record

text: label

text: and

text: company

text: that

text: operates

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: It

text: has

text: close

text: relationship

text: with

text: Universal

text: 's

text: Interscope

text: Geffen

text: A&M

text: label

text: which

text: distributes

text: Polydor

text: 's

text: releases

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: In

text: turn

text: Polydor

text: distributes

text: Interscope

text: releases

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Polydor

text: Records

text: Ltd.

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: British

text: subsidiary

text: in

text: London

text: by

text: German

text: Deutsche

text: Grammophon

text: GmbH.

text: It

text: was

text: renamed

text: in

text: to

text: Polydor

text: Ltd.

text: E.G. Records was a British artist management company and independent record label, mostly active during the 1970s and 1980s. The initials stood for its founders, David Enthoven and John Gaydon. The pair signed on as managers of King Crimson in early 1969, during the formative stage of the band and prior to the release of debut "In the Court of the Crimson King". They also signed T. Rex, Emerson, Lake & Palmer and Roxy Music to management. Gaydon left in 1971 and Enthoven in 1977. Sam Alder and Mark Fenwick (later managing Roger Waters) reformed the label several years later, re-releasing material from King Crimson in addition to others such as Penguin Cafe Orchestra, Brian Eno, Killing Joke, Loose Tubes, Human Chain, Man Jumping, Iain Ballamy, Elan Sicroff, Earthworks, and U.K.

text: E.G.

text: Records

text: was

text: British

text: artist

text: management

text: company

text: and

text: independent

text: record

text: label

text: mostly

text: active

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: The

text: initials

text: stood

text: for

text: its

text: founders

text: David

text: Enthoven

text: and

text: John

text: Gaydon

text: The

text: pair

text: signed

text: on

text: as

text: managers

text: of

text: King

text: Crimson

text: in

text: early

text: during

text: the

text: formative

text: stage

text: of

text: the

text: band

text: and

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: debut

text: In

text: the

text: Court

text: of

text: the

text: Crimson

text: King

text: They

text: also

text: signed

text: Rex

text: Emerson

text: Lake

text: Palmer

text: and

text: Roxy

text: Music

text: to

text: management

text: Gaydon

text: left

text: in

text: and

text: Enthoven

text: in

text: Sam

text: Alder

text: and

text: Mark

text: Fenwick

text: later

text: managing

text: Roger

text: Waters

text: reformed

text: the

text: label

text: several

text: years

text: later

text: re

text: releasing

text: material

text: from

text: King

text: Crimson

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: others

text: such

text: as

text: Penguin

text: Cafe

text: Orchestra

text: Brian

text: Eno

text: Killing

text: Joke

text: Loose

text: Tubes

text: Human

text: Chain

text: Man

text: Jumping

text: Iain

text: Ballamy

text: Elan

text: Sicroff

text: Earthworks

text: and

text: U.K.

text: Bryan Ferry CBE (born 26 September 1945) is an English singer and songwriter. His voice has been described as an "elegant, seductive croon". He also established a distinctive image and sartorial style; according to "The Independent", Ferry and his contemporary David Bowie influenced a generation with both their music and their appearance.

text: Bryan

text: Ferry

text: CBE

text: born

text: September

text: is

text: an

text: English

text: singer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: His

text: voice

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: an

text: elegant

text: seductive

text: croon

text: He

text: also

text: established

text: distinctive

text: image

text: and

text: sartorial

text: style

text: according

text: to

text: The

text: Independent

text: Ferry

text: and

text: his

text: contemporary

text: David

text: Bowie

text: influenced

text: generation

text: with

text: both

text: their

text: music

text: and

text: their

text: appearance

text: Progressive rock (shortened as "prog"; sometimes "art rock", "classical rock" or "symphonic rock") is a broad subgenre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid to late 1960s. Initially termed "progressive pop", the style was an outgrowth of psychedelic bands who abandoned standard pop traditions in favour of instrumentation and compositional techniques more frequently associated with jazz, folk or classical music. Additional elements contributed to its "progressive" label: lyrics were more poetic, technology was harnessed for new sounds, music approached the condition of "art", and the studio, rather than the stage, became the focus of musical activity, which often involved creating music for listening, not dancing.

text: Progressive

text: rock

text: shortened

text: as

text: prog

text: sometimes

text: art

text: rock

text: classical

text: rock

text: or

text: symphonic

text: rock

text: is

text: broad

text: subgenre

text: of

text: rock

text: music

text: that

text: developed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: throughout

text: the

text: mid

text: to

text: late

text: Initially

text: termed

text: progressive

text: pop

text: the

text: style

text: was

text: an

text: outgrowth

text: of

text: psychedelic

text: bands

text: who

text: abandoned

text: standard

text: pop

text: traditions

text: in

text: favour

text: of

text: instrumentation

text: and

text: compositional

text: techniques

text: more

text: frequently

text: associated

text: with

text: jazz

text: folk

text: or

text: classical

text: music

text: Additional

text: elements

text: contributed

text: to

text: its

text: progressive

text: label

text: lyrics

text: were

text: more

text: poetic

text: technology

text: was

text: harnessed

text: for

text: new

text: sounds

text: music

text: approached

text: the

text: condition

text: of

text: art

text: and

text: the

text: studio

text: rather

text: than

text: the

text: stage

text: became

text: the

text: focus

text: of

text: musical

text: activity

text: which

text: often

text: involved

text: creating

text: music

text: for

text: listening

text: not

text: dancing

question: producer u.k.

answer: uk

text: uk

text: uk

text: uk


text: The Naturalist on the River Amazons, subtitled "A Record of the Adventures, Habits of Animals, Sketches of Brazilian and Indian Life, and Aspects of Nature under the Equator, during Eleven Years of Travel", is an 1863 book by the British naturalist Henry Walter Bates about his expedition to the Amazon basin. Bates and his friend Alfred Russel Wallace set out to obtain new species and new evidence for evolution by natural selection, as well as exotic specimens to sell. He explored thousands of miles of the Amazon and its tributaries, and collected over 14,000 species, of which 8,000 were new to science. His observations of the coloration of butterflies led him to discover Batesian mimicry.

text: The

text: Naturalist

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Amazons

text: subtitled

text: Record

text: of

text: the

text: Adventures

text: Habits

text: of

text: Animals

text: Sketches

text: of

text: Brazilian

text: and

text: Indian

text: Life

text: and

text: Aspects

text: of

text: Nature

text: under

text: the

text: Equator

text: during

text: Eleven

text: Years

text: of

text: Travel

text: is

text: an

text: book

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: naturalist

text: Henry

text: Walter

text: Bates

text: about

text: his

text: expedition

text: to

text: the

text: Amazon

text: basin

text: Bates

text: and

text: his

text: friend

text: Alfred

text: Russel

text: Wallace

text: set

text: out

text: to

text: obtain

text: new

text: species

text: and

text: new

text: evidence

text: for

text: evolution

text: by

text: natural

text: selection

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: exotic

text: specimens

text: to

text: sell

text: He

text: explored

text: thousands

text: of

text: miles

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: and

text: its

text: tributaries

text: and

text: collected

text: over

text: species

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: new

text: to

text: science

text: His

text: observations

text: of

text: the

text: coloration

text: of

text: butterflies

text: led

text: him

text: to

text: discover

text: Batesian

text: mimicry

text: Beetles are a group of insects that form the order Coleoptera. The word "coleoptera" is from the Greek , "koleós", meaning "sheath"; and , "pterón", meaning "wing", thus "sheathed wing", because most beetles have two pairs of wings, the front pair, the "elytra", being hardened and thickened into a shell-like protection for the rear pair and the beetle's abdomen. The order contains more species than any other order, constituting almost 25% of all known animal life-forms. About 40% of all described insect species are beetles (about 400,000 species), and new species are discovered frequently. The largest taxonomic family, the Curculionidae (the weevils or snout beetles), also belongs to this order.

text: Beetles

text: are

text: group

text: of

text: insects

text: that

text: form

text: the

text: order

text: Coleoptera

text: The

text: word

text: coleoptera

text: is

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: koleós

text: meaning

text: sheath

text: and

text: pterón

text: meaning

text: wing

text: thus

text: sheathed

text: wing

text: because

text: most

text: beetles

text: have

text: two

text: pairs

text: of

text: wings

text: the

text: front

text: pair

text: the

text: elytra

text: being

text: hardened

text: and

text: thickened

text: into

text: shell

text: like

text: protection

text: for

text: the

text: rear

text: pair

text: and

text: the

text: beetle

text: 's

text: abdomen

text: The

text: order

text: contains

text: more

text: species

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: order

text: constituting

text: almost

text: of

text: all

text: known

text: animal

text: life

text: forms

text: About

text: of

text: all

text: described

text: insect

text: species

text: are

text: beetles

text: about

text: species

text: and

text: new

text: species

text: are

text: discovered

text: frequently

text: The

text: largest

text: taxonomic

text: family

text: the

text: Curculionidae

text: the

text: weevils

text: or

text: snout

text: beetles

text: also

text: belongs

text: to

text: this

text: order

text:
An arthropod (from Greek "arthro-", joint + "podos", foot) is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed appendages (paired appendages). Arthropods form the phylum Arthropoda, which includes the insects, arachnids, myriapods, and crustaceans.
Arthropods are characterized by their jointed limbs and cuticle made of chitin, often mineralised with calcium carbonate. The arthropod body plan consists of segments, each with a pair of appendages. The rigid cuticle inhibits growth, so arthropods replace it periodically by moulting. Their versatility has enabled them to become the most species-rich members of all ecological guilds in most environments. They have over a million described species, making up more than 80% of all described living animal species, some of which, unlike most animals, are very successful in dry environments.

text: An

text: arthropod

text: from

text: Greek

text: arthro-

text: joint

text: podos

text: foot

text: is

text: an

text: invertebrate

text: animal

text: having

text: an

text: exoskeleton

text: external

text: skeleton

text: segmented

text: body

text: and

text: jointed

text: appendages

text: paired

text: appendages

text: Arthropods

text: form

text: the

text: phylum

text: Arthropoda

text: which

text: includes

text: the

text: insects

text: arachnids

text: myriapods

text: and

text: crustaceans

text: Arthropods

text: are

text: characterized

text: by

text: their

text: jointed

text: limbs

text: and

text: cuticle

text: made

text: of

text: chitin

text: often

text: mineralised

text: with

text: calcium

text: carbonate

text: The

text: arthropod

text: body

text: plan

text: consists

text: of

text: segments

text: each

text: with

text: pair

text: of

text: appendages

text: The

text: rigid

text: cuticle

text: inhibits

text: growth

text: so

text: arthropods

text: replace

text: it

text: periodically

text: by

text: moulting

text: Their

text: versatility

text: has

text: enabled

text: them

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: most

text: species

text: rich

text: members

text: of

text: all

text: ecological

text: guilds

text: in

text: most

text: environments

text: They

text: have

text: over

text: million

text: described

text: species

text: making

text: up

text: more

text: than

text: of

text: all

text: described

text: living

text: animal

text: species

text: some

text: of

text: which

text: unlike

text: most

text: animals

text: are

text: very

text: successful

text: in

text: dry

text: environments

text: Alfred Russel Wallace (8 January 1823  7 November 1913) was a British naturalist, explorer, geographer, anthropologist, and biologist. He is best known for independently conceiving the theory of evolution through natural selection; his paper on the subject was jointly published with some of Charles Darwin's writings in 1858. This prompted Darwin to publish his own ideas in "On the Origin of Species." Wallace did extensive fieldwork, first in the Amazon River basin and then in the Malay Archipelago, where he identified the faunal divide now termed the Wallace Line, which separates the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts: a western portion in which the animals are largely of Asian origin, and an eastern portion where the fauna reflect Australasia.

text: Alfred

text: Russel

text: Wallace

text: January

text: November

text: was

text: British

text: naturalist

text: explorer

text: geographer

text: anthropologist

text: and

text: biologist

text: He

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: independently

text: conceiving

text: the

text: theory

text: of

text: evolution

text: through

text: natural

text: selection

text: his

text: paper

text: on

text: the

text: subject

text: was

text: jointly

text: published

text: with

text: some

text: of

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: writings

text: in

text: This

text: prompted

text: Darwin

text: to

text: publish

text: his

text: own

text: ideas

text: in

text: On

text: the

text: Origin

text: of

text: Species

text: Wallace

text: did

text: extensive

text: fieldwork

text: first

text: in

text: the

text: Amazon

text: River

text: basin

text: and

text: then

text: in

text: the

text: Malay

text: Archipelago

text: where

text: he

text: identified

text: the

text: faunal

text: divide

text: now

text: termed

text: the

text: Wallace

text: Line

text: which

text: separates

text: the

text: Indonesian

text: archipelago

text: into

text: two

text: distinct

text: parts

text: western

text: portion

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: animals

text: are

text: largely

text: of

text: Asian

text: origin

text: and

text: an

text: eastern

text: portion

text: where

text: the

text: fauna

text: reflect

text: Australasia

text: Pierre André Latreille (29 November 1762  6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom after recognising a rare beetle species he found in the prison, "Necrobia ruficollis".

text: Pierre

text: André

text: Latreille

text: November

text: February

text: was

text: French

text: zoologist

text: specialising

text: in

text: arthropods

text: Having

text: trained

text: as

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: priest

text: before

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: Latreille

text: was

text: imprisoned

text: and

text: only

text: regained

text: his

text: freedom

text: after

text: recognising

text: rare

text: beetle

text: species

text: he

text: found

text: in

text: the

text: prison

text: Necrobia

text: ruficollis

text: The Ismenius Tiger or Tiger Heliconian ( Heliconius ismenius ) is a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family found in Central America and northern South America . They are highly populous as south as Ecuador and Venezuela and as north as southern Mexico , Guatemala and Belize . The H. ismenius are more commonly called the tiger - striped long wing butterfly . The H. ismenius 's nickname is blatantly derived from its long butterfly wing structure as well as the beautiful burnt orange and black stripes , which resemble the stripes of a tiger coat . Pierre André Latreille , a French Zoologist , found the Heliconius ismenius in 1817 . The H. ismenius is known for being the first individual evidence , other than Charles Darwin 's finch research in the Galapagos Islands , for the proof of natural selection , exemplified by Henry Walter Bates .

text: The

text: Ismenius

text: Tiger

text: or

text: Tiger

text: Heliconian

text: Heliconius

text: ismenius

text: is

text: butterfly

text: of

text: the

text: Nymphalidae

text: family

text: found

text: in

text: Central

text: America

text: and

text: northern

text: South

text: America

text: They

text: are

text: highly

text: populous

text: as

text: south

text: as

text: Ecuador

text: and

text: Venezuela

text: and

text: as

text: north

text: as

text: southern

text: Mexico

text: Guatemala

text: and

text: Belize

text: The

text: ismenius

text: are

text: more

text: commonly

text: called

text: the

text: tiger

text: striped

text: long

text: wing

text: butterfly

text: The

text: ismenius

text: 's

text: nickname

text: is

text: blatantly

text: derived

text: from

text: its

text: long

text: butterfly

text: wing

text: structure

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: beautiful

text: burnt

text: orange

text: and

text: black

text: stripes

text: which

text: resemble

text: the

text: stripes

text: of

text: tiger

text: coat

text: Pierre

text: André

text: Latreille

text: French

text: Zoologist

text: found

text: the

text: Heliconius

text: ismenius

text: in

text: The

text: ismenius

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: being

text: the

text: first

text: individual

text: evidence

text: other

text: than

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: 's

text: finch

text: research

text: in

text: the

text: Galapagos

text: Islands

text: for

text: the

text: proof

text: of

text: natural

text: selection

text: exemplified

text: by

text: Henry

text: Walter

text: Bates

text: The monarch butterfly or simply monarch ("Danaus plexippus") is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae. Other common names depending on region include milkweed, common tiger, wanderer, and black veined brown. It may be the most familiar North American butterfly, and is considered an iconic pollinator species. Its wings feature an easily recognizable black, orange, and white pattern, with a wingspan of The viceroy butterfly is similar in color and pattern, but is markedly smaller and has an extra black stripe across each hindwing.

text: The

text: monarch

text: butterfly

text: or

text: simply

text: monarch

text: Danaus

text: plexippus

text: is

text: milkweed

text: butterfly

text: subfamily

text: Danainae

text: in

text: the

text: family

text: Nymphalidae

text: Other

text: common

text: names

text: depending

text: on

text: region

text: include

text: milkweed

text: common

text: tiger

text: wanderer

text: and

text: black

text: veined

text: brown

text: It

text: may

text: be

text: the

text: most

text: familiar

text: North

text: American

text: butterfly

text: and

text: is

text: considered

text: an

text: iconic

text: pollinator

text: species

text: Its

text: wings

text: feature

text: an

text: easily

text: recognizable

text: black

text: orange

text: and

text: white

text: pattern

text: with

text: wingspan

text: of

text: The

text: viceroy

text: butterfly

text: is

text: similar

text: in

text: color

text: and

text: pattern

text: but

text: is

text: markedly

text: smaller

text: and

text: has

text: an

text: extra

text: black

text: stripe

text: across

text: each

text: hindwing

text: In evolutionary biology, mimicry is a similarity of one organism, usually an animal, to another that has evolved because the resemblance is selectively favoured by the behaviour of a shared signal receiver that can respond to both. Mimicry may evolve between different species, or between individuals of the same species. Often, mimicry evolves to protect a species from predators, making it an antipredator adaptation. The resemblances that evolve in mimicry can be in appearance, behaviour, sound or scent. Mimicry may be to the advantage of both organisms that share a resemblance, in which case it is a mutualism, or mimicry can be to the detriment of one, making it parasitic or competitive.

text: In

text: evolutionary

text: biology

text: mimicry

text: is

text: similarity

text: of

text: one

text: organism

text: usually

text: an

text: animal

text: to

text: another

text: that

text: has

text: evolved

text: because

text: the

text: resemblance

text: is

text: selectively

text: favoured

text: by

text: the

text: behaviour

text: of

text: shared

text: signal

text: receiver

text: that

text: can

text: respond

text: to

text: both

text: Mimicry

text: may

text: evolve

text: between

text: different

text: species

text: or

text: between

text: individuals

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: species

text: Often

text: mimicry

text: evolves

text: to

text: protect

text: species

text: from

text: predators

text: making

text: it

text: an

text: antipredator

text: adaptation

text: The

text: resemblances

text: that

text: evolve

text: in

text: mimicry

text: can

text: be

text: in

text: appearance

text: behaviour

text: sound

text: or

text: scent

text: Mimicry

text: may

text: be

text: to

text: the

text: advantage

text: of

text: both

text: organisms

text: that

text: share

text: resemblance

text: in

text: which

text: case

text: it

text: is

text: mutualism

text: or

text: mimicry

text: can

text: be

text: to

text: the

text: detriment

text: of

text: one

text: making

text: it

text: parasitic

text: or

text: competitive

text: Henry Walter Bates (8 February 1825 in Leicester  16 February 1892 in London) was an English naturalist and explorer who gave the first scientific account of mimicry in animals. He was most famous for his expedition to the rainforests of the Amazon with Alfred Russel Wallace, starting in 1848. Wallace returned in 1852, but lost his collection on the return voyage when his ship caught fire. When Bates arrived home in 1859 after a full eleven years, he had sent back over 14,712 species (mostly of insects) of which 8,000 were new to science. Bates wrote up his findings in his best-known work, "The Naturalist on the River Amazons".

text: Henry

text: Walter

text: Bates

text: February

text: in

text: Leicester

text: February

text: in

text: London

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: naturalist

text: and

text: explorer

text: who

text: gave

text: the

text: first

text: scientific

text: account

text: of

text: mimicry

text: in

text: animals

text: He

text: was

text: most

text: famous

text: for

text: his

text: expedition

text: to

text: the

text: rainforests

text: of

text: the

text: Amazon

text: with

text: Alfred

text: Russel

text: Wallace

text: starting

text: in

text: Wallace

text: returned

text: in

text: but

text: lost

text: his

text: collection

text: on

text: the

text: return

text: voyage

text: when

text: his

text: ship

text: caught

text: fire

text: When

text: Bates

text: arrived

text: home

text: in

text: after

text: full

text: eleven

text: years

text: he

text: had

text: sent

text: back

text: over

text: species

text: mostly

text: of

text: insects

text: of

text: which

text: were

text: new

text: to

text: science

text: Bates

text: wrote

text: up

text: his

text: findings

text: in

text: his

text: best

text: known

text: work

text: The

text: Naturalist

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Amazons

text: Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. Evolutionary processes give rise to biodiversity at every level of biological organisation, including the levels of species, individual organisms, and molecules.

text: Evolution

text: is

text: change

text: in

text: the

text: heritable

text: characteristics

text: of

text: biological

text: populations

text: over

text: successive

text: generations

text: Evolutionary

text: processes

text: give

text: rise

text: to

text: biodiversity

text: at

text: every

text: level

text: of

text: biological

text: organisation

text: including

text: the

text: levels

text: of

text: species

text: individual

text: organisms

text: and

text: molecules

text: In biology, a species (abbreviated sp., with the plural form species abbreviated spp.) is the basic unit of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. While this definition is often adequate, looked at more closely it is often problematic. For example, in a species complex, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear or disappear altogether. Other ways of defining species include similarity of DNA, morphology, or ecological niche. The presence of locally adaptive traits may further subdivide species into infraspecific taxa such as subspecies.

text: In

text: biology

text: species

text: abbreviated

text: sp

text: with

text: the

text: plural

text: form

text: species

text: abbreviated

text: spp

text: is

text: the

text: basic

text: unit

text: of

text: biological

text: classification

text: and

text: taxonomic

text: rank

text: species

text: is

text: often

text: defined

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: of

text: organisms

text: in

text: which

text: two

text: individuals

text: can

text: produce

text: fertile

text: offspring

text: typically

text: by

text: sexual

text: reproduction

text: While

text: this

text: definition

text: is

text: often

text: adequate

text: looked

text: at

text: more

text: closely

text: it

text: is

text: often

text: problematic

text: For

text: example

text: in

text: species

text: complex

text: the

text: boundaries

text: between

text: closely

text: related

text: species

text: become

text: unclear

text: or

text: disappear

text: altogether

text: Other

text: ways

text: of

text: defining

text: species

text: include

text: similarity

text: of

text: DNA

text: morphology

text: or

text: ecological

text: niche

text: The

text: presence

text: of

text: locally

text: adaptive

text: traits

text: may

text: further

text: subdivide

text: species

text: into

text: infraspecific

text: taxa

text: such

text: as

text: subspecies

text: The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies with about 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world. These are usually medium-sized to large butterflies. Most species have a reduced pair of forelegs and many hold their colourful wings flat when resting. They are also called brush-footed butterflies or four-footed butterflies, because they are known to stand on only four legs while the other two are curled up; in some species, these forelegs have a brush-like set of hairs which gives this family its other common name. Many species are brightly coloured and include popular species such as the emperors, monarch butterfly, admirals, tortoiseshells, and fritillaries. However, the under wings are, in contrast, often dull and in some species look remarkably like dead leaves, or are much paler, producing a cryptic effect that helps the butterflies blend into their surroundings.

text: The

text: Nymphalidae

text: are

text: the

text: largest

text: family

text: of

text: butterflies

text: with

text: about

text: species

text: distributed

text: throughout

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: These

text: are

text: usually

text: medium

text: sized

text: to

text: large

text: butterflies

text: Most

text: species

text: have

text: reduced

text: pair

text: of

text: forelegs

text: and

text: many

text: hold

text: their

text: colourful

text: wings

text: flat

text: when

text: resting

text: They

text: are

text: also

text: called

text: brush

text: footed

text: butterflies

text: or

text: four

text: footed

text: butterflies

text: because

text: they

text: are

text: known

text: to

text: stand

text: on

text: only

text: four

text: legs

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: are

text: curled

text: up

text: in

text: some

text: species

text: these

text: forelegs

text: have

text: brush

text: like

text: set

text: of

text: hairs

text: which

text: gives

text: this

text: family

text: its

text: other

text: common

text: name

text: Many

text: species

text: are

text: brightly

text: coloured

text: and

text: include

text: popular

text: species

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: emperors

text: monarch

text: butterfly

text: admirals

text: tortoiseshells

text: and

text: fritillaries

text: However

text: the

text: under

text: wings

text: are

text: in

text: contrast

text: often

text: dull

text: and

text: in

text: some

text: species

text: look

text: remarkably

text: like

text: dead

text: leaves

text: or

text: are

text: much

text: paler

text: producing

text: cryptic

text: effect

text: that

text: helps

text: the

text: butterflies

text: blend

text: into

text: their

text: surroundings

text: Robert Waring Darwin (30 May 1766  13 November 1848) was an English medical doctor, who today is best known as the father of the naturalist Charles Darwin. He was a member of the influential Darwin-Wedgwood family.

text: Robert

text: Waring

text: Darwin

text: May

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: medical

text: doctor

text: who

text: today

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: the

text: naturalist

text: Charles

text: Darwin

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: influential

text: Darwin

text: Wedgwood

text: family

text: Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809  19 April 1882) was an English naturalist and geologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors, and in a joint publication with Alfred Russel Wallace introduced his scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the artificial selection involved in selective breeding.

text: Charles

text: Robert

text: Darwin

text: February

text: April

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: naturalist

text: and

text: geologist

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: contributions

text: to

text: the

text: science

text: of

text: evolution

text: He

text: established

text: that

text: all

text: species

text: of

text: life

text: have

text: descended

text: over

text: time

text: from

text: common

text: ancestors

text: and

text: in

text: joint

text: publication

text: with

text: Alfred

text: Russel

text: Wallace

text: introduced

text: his

text: scientific

text: theory

text: that

text: this

text: branching

text: pattern

text: of

text: evolution

text: resulted

text: from

text: process

text: that

text: he

text: called

text: natural

text: selection

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: struggle

text: for

text: existence

text: has

text: similar

text: effect

text: to

text: the

text: artificial

text: selection

text: involved

text: in

text: selective

text: breeding

text: A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is acquired through the scientific method and repeatedly tested and confirmed, preferably using a written, predefined, protocol of observations and experiments. Scientific theories are the most reliable, rigorous, and comprehensive form of scientific knowledge.

text: scientific

text: theory

text: is

text: well

text: substantiated

text: explanation

text: of

text: some

text: aspect

text: of

text: the

text: natural

text: world

text: that

text: is

text: acquired

text: through

text: the

text: scientific

text: method

text: and

text: repeatedly

text: tested

text: and

text: confirmed

text: preferably

text: using

text: written

text: predefined

text: protocol

text: of

text: observations

text: and

text: experiments

text: Scientific

text: theories

text: are

text: the

text: most

text: reliable

text: rigorous

text: and

text: comprehensive

text: form

text: of

text: scientific

text: knowledge

annotations: follows single

question: taxon_rank heliconius ismenius

answer: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species

text: species


text: Lithuanians (singular "lietuvis/lietuv") are a Baltic ethnic group, native to Lithuania, where they number around 2,561,300 people. Another million or more make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Russia, United Kingdom and Ireland. Their native language is Lithuanian, one of only two surviving members of the Baltic language family. According to the census conducted in 2001, 83.45% of the population of Lithuania identified themselves as Lithuanians, 6.74% as Poles, 6.31% as Russians, 1.23% as Belarusians, and 2.27% as members of other ethnic groups. Most Lithuanians belong to the Roman Catholic Church, while the Lietuvininkai who lived in the northern part of East Prussia prior to World War II, were mostly Evangelical Lutherans.

text: Lithuanians

text: singular

text: lietuvis

text: lietuv

text: are

text: Baltic

text: ethnic

text: group

text: native

text: to

text: Lithuania

text: where

text: they

text: number

text: around

text: people

text: Another

text: million

text: or

text: more

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: Lithuanian

text: diaspora

text: largely

text: found

text: in

text: countries

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Argentina

text: Brazil

text: Canada

text: Colombia

text: Russia

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Ireland

text: Their

text: native

text: language

text: is

text: Lithuanian

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: two

text: surviving

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: language

text: family

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: census

text: conducted

text: in

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: identified

text: themselves

text: as

text: Lithuanians

text: as

text: Poles

text: as

text: Russians

text: as

text: Belarusians

text: and

text: as

text: members

text: of

text: other

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: Most

text: Lithuanians

text: belong

text: to

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: while

text: the

text: Lietuvininkai

text: who

text: lived

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: of

text: East

text: Prussia

text: prior

text: to

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: were

text: mostly

text: Evangelical

text: Lutherans

text:
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris. Its declared purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through educational, scientific, and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter.
It is the heir of the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation.

text: The

text: United

text: Nations

text: Educational

text: Scientific

text: and

text: Cultural

text: Organization

text: UNESCO

text: is

text: specialized

text: agency

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: UN

text: based

text: in

text: Paris

text: Its

text: declared

text: purpose

text: is

text: to

text: contribute

text: to

text: peace

text: and

text: security

text: by

text: promoting

text: international

text: collaboration

text: through

text: educational

text: scientific

text: and

text: cultural

text: reforms

text: in

text: order

text: to

text: increase

text: universal

text: respect

text: for

text: justice

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: law

text: and

text: human

text: rights

text: along

text: with

text: fundamental

text: freedom

text: proclaimed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: Charter

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: heir

text: of

text: the

text: League

text: of

text: Nations

text: International

text: Committee

text: on

text: Intellectual

text: Cooperation

text: Northern Europe is the northern part or region of Europe. Although no definitive borders or definition exists for the term, geographically, Northern Europe may be considered to consist approximately of all of Europe above the 52nd parallel north; which includes (from west to east) most or all of: Iceland, the Republic of Ireland, the Isle of Man, the United Kingdom, the Faroe Islands, the Netherlands, northern Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, northern Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and northwest Russia. However, narrower definitions may also be used based on other geographical factors, such as climate and ecology. Greenland, geographically a part of North America, is politically a part of the Kingdom of Denmark, and may be included depending on the definition.

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: northern

text: part

text: or

text: region

text: of

text: Europe

text: Although

text: no

text: definitive

text: borders

text: or

text: definition

text: exists

text: for

text: the

text: term

text: geographically

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: may

text: be

text: considered

text: to

text: consist

text: approximately

text: of

text: all

text: of

text: Europe

text: above

text: the

text: parallel

text: north

text: which

text: includes

text: from

text: west

text: to

text: east

text: most

text: or

text: all

text: of

text: Iceland

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Ireland

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Man

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: northern

text: Germany

text: Denmark

text: Norway

text: Sweden

text: northern

text: Poland

text: Finland

text: Estonia

text: Latvia

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: northwest

text: Russia

text: However

text: narrower

text: definitions

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: used

text: based

text: on

text: other

text: geographical

text: factors

text: such

text: as

text: climate

text: and

text: ecology

text: Greenland

text: geographically

text: part

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: politically

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: and

text: may

text: be

text: included

text: depending

text: on

text: the

text: definition

text: An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction. Typically a country's official language refers to the language used within government (e.g., courts, parliament, administration). Since "the means of expression of a people cannot be changed by any law", the term "official language" does not typically refer to the language used by a people or country, but by its government.

text: An

text: official

text: language

text: is

text: language

text: that

text: is

text: given

text: special

text: legal

text: status

text: in

text: particular

text: country

text: state

text: or

text: other

text: jurisdiction

text: Typically

text: country

text: 's

text: official

text: language

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: language

text: used

text: within

text: government

text: e.g.

text: courts

text: parliament

text: administration

text: Since

text: the

text: means

text: of

text: expression

text: of

text: people

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: changed

text: by

text: any

text: law

text: the

text: term

text: official

text: language

text: does

text: not

text: typically

text: refer

text: to

text: the

text: language

text: used

text: by

text: people

text: or

text: country

text: but

text: by

text: its

text: government

text: Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.

text: Poland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Sudetes

text: and

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: Poland

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Poland

text: is

text: unitary

text: state

text: divided

text: into

text: administrative

text: subdivisions

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Warsaw

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Kraków

text: Wrocaw

text: Pozna

text: Gdask

text: and

text: Szczecin

text: Belarus ( lat. ', ), officially the Republic of Belarus, formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia (though this name is no longer used in Belarus itself, even in Russian language), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital and most populous city is Minsk. Over 40% of its is forested. Its strongest economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing. Until the 20th century, different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus, including the Principality of Polotsk (11th to 14th centuries), the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Empire.

text: Belarus

text: lat

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Belarus

text: formerly

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: Russian

text: name

text: Byelorussia

text: though

text: this

text: name

text: is

text: no

text: longer

text: used

text: in

text: Belarus

text: itself

text: even

text: in

text: Russian

text: language

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Ukraine

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: is

text: Minsk

text: Over

text: of

text: its

text: is

text: forested

text: Its

text: strongest

text: economic

text: sectors

text: are

text: service

text: industries

text: and

text: manufacturing

text: Until

text: the

text: century

text: different

text: states

text: at

text: various

text: times

text: controlled

text: the

text: lands

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Belarus

text: including

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Polotsk

text: to

text: centuries

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: the

text: PolishLithuanian

text: Commonwealth

text: and

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: Expo 2000 was a World's Fair held in Hanover, Germany from Thursday, June 1 to Tuesday, October 31, 2000. It was located on the Hanover fairground (Messegelände Hannover), which is the largest exhibition ground in the world. Initially some 40 million people were expected to attend the exhibition over the course of months, however eventually with less than half of this number the fair was a flop and turned out a financial failure.

text: Expo

text: was

text: World

text: 's

text: Fair

text: held

text: in

text: Hanover

text: Germany

text: from

text: Thursday

text: June

text: to

text: Tuesday

text: October

text: It

text: was

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Hanover

text: fairground

text: Messegelände

text: Hannover

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: exhibition

text: ground

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Initially

text: some

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: expected

text: to

text: attend

text: the

text: exhibition

text: over

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: months

text: however

text: eventually

text: with

text: less

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: this

text: number

text: the

text: fair

text: was

text: flop

text: and

text: turned

text: out

text: financial

text: failure

text: Russia (from the  Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation, is a country in Eurasia. At , Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 140 million people at the end of March 2016. The European western part of the country is much more populated and urbanised than the eastern, about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world, other major urban centers include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod and Samara.

text: Russia

text: from

text: the

text: Rus

text: also

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: At

text: Russia

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: covering

text: more

text: than

text: one

text: eighth

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: inhabited

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: most

text: populous

text: with

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: March

text: The

text: European

text: western

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: is

text: much

text: more

text: populated

text: and

text: urbanised

text: than

text: the

text: eastern

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: live

text: in

text: European

text: Russia

text: Russia

text: 's

text: capital

text: Moscow

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: centers

text: include

text: Saint

text: Petersburg

text: Novosibirsk

text: Yekaterinburg

text: Nizhny

text: Novgorod

text: and

text: Samara

text: Audrius Stonys ( born on April 28 , 1966 in Vilnius ) is a renowned Lithuanian documentary filmmaker . He is recipient of the European Film Award for the documentary film Neregi žem ( Earth of the Blind ) in 1992 and the Lithuanian National Prize in 2002 . Since 1989 he has created 13 documentaries and one short film . His film Skrydis per Lietuv arba 510 sekundži tylos ( The Flight over Lithuania or 510 Seconds of Silence ) co-created with Arnas Matelis was well received at the Expo 2000 . Stonys is a member of the European Documentary Network and European Film Academy . His 2011 film Ramin was selected as the Lithuanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 85th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist .

text: Audrius

text: Stonys

text: born

text: on

text: April

text: in

text: Vilnius

text: is

text: renowned

text: Lithuanian

text: documentary

text: filmmaker

text: He

text: is

text: recipient

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Film

text: Award

text: for

text: the

text: documentary

text: film

text: Neregi

text: žem

text: Earth

text: of

text: the

text: Blind

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: Lithuanian

text: National

text: Prize

text: in

text: Since

text: he

text: has

text: created

text: documentaries

text: and

text: one

text: short

text: film

text: His

text: film

text: Skrydis

text: per

text: Lietuv

text: arba

text: sekundži

text: tylos

text: The

text: Flight

text: over

text: Lithuania

text: or

text: Seconds

text: of

text: Silence

text: co

text: created

text: with

text: Arnas

text: Matelis

text: was

text: well

text: received

text: at

text: the

text: Expo

text: Stonys

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Documentary

text: Network

text: and

text: European

text: Film

text: Academy

text: His

text: film

text: Ramin

text: was

text: selected

text: as

text: the

text: Lithuanian

text: entry

text: for

text: the

text: Best

text: Foreign

text: Language

text: Oscar

text: at

text: the

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: but

text: it

text: did

text: not

text: make

text: the

text: final

text: shortlist

text: Vilnius (see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 542,664 . Vilnius is located in the southeast part of Lithuania and is the second largest city in the Baltic states. Vilnius is the seat of the main government institutions of Lithuania as well as of the Vilnius District Municipality. Vilnius is classified as a Gamma global city according to GaWC studies, and is known for the architecture in its Old Town, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994. Its Jewish influence until the 20th century has led to it being described as the "Jerusalem of Lithuania" and Napoleon named it "the Jerusalem of the North" as he was passing through in 1812. In 2009, Vilnius was the European Capital of Culture, together with the Austrian city of Linz.

text: Vilnius

text: see

text: also

text: other

text: names

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: Vilnius

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeast

text: part

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: states

text: Vilnius

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: main

text: government

text: institutions

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: Vilnius

text: District

text: Municipality

text: Vilnius

text: is

text: classified

text: as

text: Gamma

text: global

text: city

text: according

text: to

text: GaWC

text: studies

text: and

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: architecture

text: in

text: its

text: Old

text: Town

text: declared

text: UNESCO

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: in

text: Its

text: Jewish

text: influence

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: has

text: led

text: to

text: it

text: being

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: Jerusalem

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: Napoleon

text: named

text: it

text: the

text: Jerusalem

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: as

text: he

text: was

text: passing

text: through

text: in

text: In

text: Vilnius

text: was

text: the

text: European

text: Capital

text: of

text: Culture

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: Austrian

text: city

text: of

text: Linz

text: Arnas Matelis (9 April 1961, Kaunas) is an acclaimed Lithuanian documentary film director. From 1979 till 1983 Arnas Matelis studied Mathematics at Vilnius University and later in 1989 graduated from the Lithuanian Music Academy. In 1992, he established one of the first independent film production companies in Lithuania, "Nominum". In 2006 Matelis became a full member of European Film Academy with the right to vote.

text: Arnas

text: Matelis

text: April

text: Kaunas

text: is

text: an

text: acclaimed

text: Lithuanian

text: documentary

text: film

text: director

text: From

text: till

text: Arnas

text: Matelis

text: studied

text: Mathematics

text: at

text: Vilnius

text: University

text: and

text: later

text: in

text: graduated

text: from

text: the

text: Lithuanian

text: Music

text: Academy

text: In

text: he

text: established

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: independent

text: film

text: production

text: companies

text: in

text: Lithuania

text: Nominum

text: In

text: Matelis

text: became

text: full

text: member

text: of

text: European

text: Film

text: Academy

text: with

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: vote

text: Napoleon Bonaparte ("Napoléon Bonaparte";  , born ""Napoleone di Buonaparte""; 15 August 1769  5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815. Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental Europe before its final collapse in 1815. One of the greatest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleon's political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in human history.

text: Napoleon

text: Bonaparte

text: Napoléon

text: Bonaparte

text: born

text: Napoleone

text: di

text: Buonaparte

text: August

text: May

text: was

text: French

text: military

text: and

text: political

text: leader

text: who

text: rose

text: to

text: prominence

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolution

text: and

text: led

text: several

text: successful

text: campaigns

text: during

text: the

text: French

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: As

text: Napoleon

text: he

text: was

text: Emperor

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: from

text: until

text: and

text: again

text: in

text: Napoleon

text: dominated

text: European

text: and

text: global

text: affairs

text: for

text: more

text: than

text: decade

text: while

text: leading

text: France

text: against

text: series

text: of

text: coalitions

text: in

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: He

text: won

text: most

text: of

text: these

text: wars

text: and

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: his

text: battles

text: building

text: large

text: empire

text: that

text: ruled

text: over

text: continental

text: Europe

text: before

text: its

text: final

text: collapse

text: in

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: greatest

text: commanders

text: in

text: history

text: his

text: wars

text: and

text: campaigns

text: are

text: studied

text: at

text: military

text: schools

text: worldwide

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: legacy

text: has

text: ensured

text: his

text: status

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: celebrated

text: and

text: controversial

text: leaders

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: Hanover or Hannover, on the River Leine, is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony ("Niedersachsen"), and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, under their title as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg (later described as the Elector of Hanover). At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Electorate was enlarged to become a Kingdom with Hanover as its capital.

text: Hanover

text: or

text: Hannover

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Leine

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: Niedersachsen

text: and

text: was

text: once

text: by

text: personal

text: union

text: the

text: family

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Hanoverian

text: Kings

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: and

text: Ireland

text: under

text: their

text: title

text: as

text: the

text: dukes

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Lüneburg

text: later

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: Elector

text: of

text: Hanover

text: At

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: the

text: Electorate

text: was

text: enlarged

text: to

text: become

text: Kingdom

text: with

text: Hanover

text: as

text: its

text: capital

text: Kaunas (also see other names) is the second-largest city in Lithuania and has historically been a leading centre of Lithuanian economic, academic, and cultural life. Kaunas was the biggest city and the centre of a county in Trakai Municipality of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1413. In the Russian Empire it was the capital of the Kaunas Governorate from 1843 to 1915. It became the only temporary capital city in Europe during the interwar period. Now it is the capital of Kaunas County, the seat of the Kaunas city municipality and the Kaunas District Municipality. It is also the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kaunas. Kaunas is located at the confluence of the two largest Lithuanian rivers, the Nemunas and the Neris, and near the Kaunas Reservoir, the largest body of water entirely in Lithuania.

text: Kaunas

text: also

text: see

text: other

text: names

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Lithuania

text: and

text: has

text: historically

text: been

text: leading

text: centre

text: of

text: Lithuanian

text: economic

text: academic

text: and

text: cultural

text: life

text: Kaunas

text: was

text: the

text: biggest

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: county

text: in

text: Trakai

text: Municipality

text: of

text: the

text: Grand

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: since

text: In

text: the

text: Russian

text: Empire

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Kaunas

text: Governorate

text: from

text: to

text: It

text: became

text: the

text: only

text: temporary

text: capital

text: city

text: in

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: interwar

text: period

text: Now

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: Kaunas

text: County

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Kaunas

text: city

text: municipality

text: and

text: the

text: Kaunas

text: District

text: Municipality

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Archdiocese

text: of

text: Kaunas

text: Kaunas

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: two

text: largest

text: Lithuanian

text: rivers

text: the

text: Nemunas

text: and

text: the

text: Neris

text: and

text: near

text: the

text: Kaunas

text: Reservoir

text: the

text: largest

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: entirely

text: in

text: Lithuania

text: Lithuania (UK and US: ), officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in Northern Europe. One of the three Baltic states, it is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, to the east of Sweden and Denmark. It is bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) to the southwest. Lithuania has an estimated population of 2.9 million people , and its capital and largest city is Vilnius. Lithuanians are a Baltic people. The official language, Lithuanian, along with Latvian, is one of only two living languages in the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.

text: Lithuania

text: UK

text: and

text: US

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Lithuania

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Europe

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: Baltic

text: states

text: it

text: is

text: situated

text: along

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: Denmark

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Latvia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Poland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Lithuania

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Vilnius

text: Lithuanians

text: are

text: Baltic

text: people

text: The

text: official

text: language

text: Lithuanian

text: along

text: with

text: Latvian

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: two

text: living

text: languages

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Indo

text: European

text: language

text: family

text: A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film.

text: film

text: director

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: directs

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: film

text: Generally

text: film

text: director

text: controls

text: film

text: 's

text: artistic

text: and

text: dramatic

text: aspects

text: and

text: visualizes

text: the

text: script

text: while

text: guiding

text: the

text: technical

text: crew

text: and

text: actors

text: in

text: the

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: that

text: vision

text: The

text: director

text: has

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: choosing

text: the

text: cast

text: members

text: production

text: design

text: and

text: the

text: creative

text: aspects

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: Under

text: European

text: Union

text: law

text: the

text: director

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Europe. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. The Kingdom of Denmark is the sovereign state that comprises Denmark proper and two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean: the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has a total area of , and a population of 5.7 million. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand and Funen. The islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate.

text: Denmark

text: is

text: Scandinavian

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: The

text: southernmost

text: and

text: smallest

text: of

text: the

text: Nordic

text: countries

text: it

text: is

text: south

text: west

text: of

text: Sweden

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: Norway

text: and

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Germany

text: The

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Denmark

text: is

text: the

text: sovereign

text: state

text: that

text: comprises

text: Denmark

text: proper

text: and

text: two

text: autonomous

text: constituent

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: the

text: Faroe

text: Islands

text: and

text: Greenland

text: Denmark

text: has

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: The

text: country

text: consists

text: of

text: peninsula

text: Jutland

text: and

text: an

text: archipelago

text: of

text: named

text: islands

text: with

text: the

text: largest

text: being

text: Zealand

text: and

text: Funen

text: The

text: islands

text: are

text: characterised

text: by

text: flat

text: arable

text: land

text: and

text: sandy

text: coasts

text: low

text: elevation

text: and

text: temperate

text: climate

question: occupation audrius stonys

answer: film director

text: film director

text: film director

text: film director


text: Nuremberg  is a city on the river Pegnitz and the RhineMainDanube Canal in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia, about north of Munich. It is the second-largest city in Bavaria (after Munich), and the largest in Franconia (Franken). The population as of February 2015, is 517,498, which makes it Germany's fourteenth-largest city. The urban area also includes Fürth, Erlangen and Schwabach with a total population of . The "European Metropolitan Area Nuremberg" has ca. 3.5 million inhabitants.

text: Nuremberg

text: is

text: city

text: on

text: the

text: river

text: Pegnitz

text: and

text: the

text: RhineMainDanube

text: Canal

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: Bavaria

text: in

text: the

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: Middle

text: Franconia

text: about

text: north

text: of

text: Munich

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Bavaria

text: after

text: Munich

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Franconia

text: Franken

text: The

text: population

text: as

text: of

text: February

text: is

text: which

text: makes

text: it

text: Germany

text: 's

text: fourteenth

text: largest

text: city

text: The

text: urban

text: area

text: also

text: includes

text: Fürth

text: Erlangen

text: and

text: Schwabach

text: with

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: The

text: European

text: Metropolitan

text: Area

text: Nuremberg

text: has

text: ca

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Ansbach is a city in the German state of Bavaria. It is the capital of the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Ansbach is southwest of Nuremberg and north of Munich, on the Fränkische Rezat (Rezat River), a tributary of the Main river. In 2004, its population was 40,723.

text: Ansbach

text: is

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: Bavaria

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: administrative

text: region

text: of

text: Middle

text: Franconia

text: Ansbach

text: is

text: southwest

text: of

text: Nuremberg

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Munich

text: on

text: the

text: Fränkische

text: Rezat

text: Rezat

text: River

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Main

text: river

text: In

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: Johann Friedrich von Cronegk ( September 2 , 1731 -- January 1 , 1758 ) , German poet , was born at Ansbach .

text: Johann

text: Friedrich

text: von

text: Cronegk

text: September

text: January

text: German

text: poet

text: was

text: born

text: at

text: Ansbach

text: Munich (also in British English ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of River Isar north of the Bavarian Alps. Munich is the third largest city in Germany, after Berlin and Hamburg, and the 12th biggest city of the European Union, with a population of above 1.5 million. The Munich Metropolitan Region is home to 5.8 million people.

text: Munich

text: also

text: in

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: of

text: Bavaria

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: River

text: Isar

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Bavarian

text: Alps

text: Munich

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

text: after

text: Berlin

text: and

text: Hamburg

text: and

text: the

text: biggest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: above

text: million

text: The

text: Munich

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: million

text: people

text: Bavaria  is a federal state of Germany. Located in the German southeast with an area of 70,548 square kilometres (27,200 sq mi), Bavaria is the largest German state. Its territory comprises roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany, and, with 12.9 million inhabitants, it is Germany's second most populous state. Munich, Bavaria's capital and largest city, is the third largest city in Germany.

text: Bavaria

text: is

text: federal

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: southeast

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: kilometres

text: sq

text: mi

text: Bavaria

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: German

text: state

text: Its

text: territory

text: comprises

text: roughly

text: fifth

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: Germany

text: and

text: with

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: it

text: is

text: Germany

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: Munich

text: Bavaria

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Germany

annotations: likely single

question: place_of_death johann friedrich von cronegk

answer: nuremberg

text: nuremberg

text: nuremberg

text: nuremberg