text: The North German Confederation was a confederation of 22 previously independent states of northern Germany, with nearly 30 million inhabitants. It was the first modern German nation state and the basis for the later German Empire (18711918), when several south German states such as Bavaria joined.

text: The

text: North

text: German

text: Confederation

text: was

text: confederation

text: of

text: previously

text: independent

text: states

text: of

text: northern

text: Germany

text: with

text: nearly

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: German

text: nation

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: the

text: later

text: German

text: Empire

text: when

text: several

text: south

text: German

text: states

text: such

text: as

text: Bavaria

text: joined

text:
Weimar Republic is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. The official name of the state was still "Deutsches Reich"; it had remained unchanged since 1871. In English the country was usually known simply as Germany.
A national assembly was convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the "Deutsches Reich" was written, and adopted on 11 August 1919. In its fourteen years, the Weimar Republic faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremism (with paramilitaries  both left- and right-wing); and contentious relationships with the victors of the First World War. The people of Germany blamed the Weimar Republic rather than their wartime leaders for the country's defeat and for the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles. However, the Weimar Republic government successfully reformed the currency, unified tax policies, and organized the railway system. Weimar Germany eliminated most of the requirements of the Treaty of Versailles; it never completely met its disarmament requirements, and eventually paid only a small portion of the war reparations (by twice restructuring its debt through the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan). Under the Locarno Treaties, Germany accepted the western borders of the republic, but continued to dispute the Eastern border.

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: is

text: an

text: unofficial

text: historical

text: designation

text: for

text: the

text: German

text: state

text: between

text: and

text: The

text: name

text: derives

text: from

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Weimar

text: where

text: its

text: constitutional

text: assembly

text: first

text: took

text: place

text: The

text: official

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: was

text: still

text: Deutsches

text: Reich

text: it

text: had

text: remained

text: unchanged

text: since

text: In

text: English

text: the

text: country

text: was

text: usually

text: known

text: simply

text: as

text: Germany

text: national

text: assembly

text: was

text: convened

text: in

text: Weimar

text: where

text: new

text: constitution

text: for

text: the

text: Deutsches

text: Reich

text: was

text: written

text: and

text: adopted

text: on

text: August

text: In

text: its

text: fourteen

text: years

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: faced

text: numerous

text: problems

text: including

text: hyperinflation

text: political

text: extremism

text: with

text: paramilitaries

text: both

text: left-

text: and

text: right

text: wing

text: and

text: contentious

text: relationships

text: with

text: the

text: victors

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: The

text: people

text: of

text: Germany

text: blamed

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: rather

text: than

text: their

text: wartime

text: leaders

text: for

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: defeat

text: and

text: for

text: the

text: humiliating

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: However

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: government

text: successfully

text: reformed

text: the

text: currency

text: unified

text: tax

text: policies

text: and

text: organized

text: the

text: railway

text: system

text: Weimar

text: Germany

text: eliminated

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: requirements

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: it

text: never

text: completely

text: met

text: its

text: disarmament

text: requirements

text: and

text: eventually

text: paid

text: only

text: small

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: reparations

text: by

text: twice

text: restructuring

text: its

text: debt

text: through

text: the

text: Dawes

text: Plan

text: and

text: the

text: Young

text: Plan

text: Under

text: the

text: Locarno

text: Treaties

text: Germany

text: accepted

text: the

text: western

text: borders

text: of

text: the

text: republic

text: but

text: continued

text: to

text: dispute

text: the

text: Eastern

text: border

text: The dreadnought was the predominant type of battleship in the early 20th century. The first of its kind, the Royal Navy's , made such a strong impression on people's minds when launched in 1906 that similar battleships built subsequently were referred to generically as "dreadnoughts", and earlier battleships became known as "pre-dreadnoughts". "Dreadnought"s design had two revolutionary features: an "all-big-gun" armament scheme, with more heavy-calibre guns than previous ships, and steam turbine propulsion. As dreadnoughts became a symbol of national power, the arrival of these new warships was a crucial catalyst in the intensifying naval arms race between the United Kingdom and Germany. With the launch of a single ship, "Dreadnought", the scales of naval power were reset overnight. As a result, dreadnought races sprang up around the world, including in South America, during the lead up to World War I. Successive designs increased rapidly in size and made use of improvements in armament, armour, and propulsion throughout the dreadnought era. Within five years, new battleships had outclassed "Dreadnought". These more powerful vessels were known as "super-dreadnoughts." Most of the original dreadnoughts were scrapped after the end of World War I under the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty, but many of the newer super-dreadnoughts continued to be used throughout World War II. The only surviving dreadnought is , located near the San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site.

text: The

text: dreadnought

text: was

text: the

text: predominant

text: type

text: of

text: battleship

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: The

text: first

text: of

text: its

text: kind

text: the

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: 's

text: made

text: such

text: strong

text: impression

text: on

text: people

text: 's

text: minds

text: when

text: launched

text: in

text: that

text: similar

text: battleships

text: built

text: subsequently

text: were

text: referred

text: to

text: generically

text: as

text: dreadnoughts

text: and

text: earlier

text: battleships

text: became

text: known

text: as

text: pre

text: dreadnoughts

text: Dreadnought"s

text: design

text: had

text: two

text: revolutionary

text: features

text: an

text: all

text: big

text: gun

text: armament

text: scheme

text: with

text: more

text: heavy

text: calibre

text: guns

text: than

text: previous

text: ships

text: and

text: steam

text: turbine

text: propulsion

text: As

text: dreadnoughts

text: became

text: symbol

text: of

text: national

text: power

text: the

text: arrival

text: of

text: these

text: new

text: warships

text: was

text: crucial

text: catalyst

text: in

text: the

text: intensifying

text: naval

text: arms

text: race

text: between

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: Germany

text: With

text: the

text: launch

text: of

text: single

text: ship

text: Dreadnought

text: the

text: scales

text: of

text: naval

text: power

text: were

text: reset

text: overnight

text: As

text: result

text: dreadnought

text: races

text: sprang

text: up

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: including

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: during

text: the

text: lead

text: up

text: to

text: World

text: War

text: Successive

text: designs

text: increased

text: rapidly

text: in

text: size

text: and

text: made

text: use

text: of

text: improvements

text: in

text: armament

text: armour

text: and

text: propulsion

text: throughout

text: the

text: dreadnought

text: era

text: Within

text: five

text: years

text: new

text: battleships

text: had

text: outclassed

text: Dreadnought

text: These

text: more

text: powerful

text: vessels

text: were

text: known

text: as

text: super

text: dreadnoughts

text: Most

text: of

text: the

text: original

text: dreadnoughts

text: were

text: scrapped

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Washington

text: Naval

text: Treaty

text: but

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: newer

text: super

text: dreadnoughts

text: continued

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: throughout

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: The

text: only

text: surviving

text: dreadnought

text: is

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: San

text: Jacinto

text: Battleground

text: State

text: Historic

text: Site

text: SMS Braunschweig was the first of five pre-dreadnought battleships of the Braunschweig class in the German Kaiserliche Marine ( Imperial Navy ) . She was laid down in 1901 and commissioned in October 1904 , at a cost of 23,983,000 marks . She was named after the then Duchy of Brunswick ( German : Braunschweig ) . Her sister ships were Elsass , Hessen , Preussen , and Lothringen . The ship served in the II Squadron of the German fleet after commissioning , though by the outbreak of World War I she had been moved to the IV Squadron . Braunschweig saw action in the Baltic Sea against the Russian Navy . In August 1915 , the ship participated in the Battle of the Gulf of Riga , during which she engaged the Russian battleship Slava . In 1916 , the ship was placed in reserve owing to crew shortages . She spent the remainder of World War I as a training ship , and after 1917 , as a barracks ship for U-boat crews . Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles , she was retained after the end of the war and modernized in 1921 -- 22 . Braunschweig served in the reformed Reichsmarine as a coastal defense ship until 1926 , when she was again placed in reserve . She was stricken in 1931 and subsequently broken up for scrap .

text: SMS

text: Braunschweig

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: of

text: five

text: pre

text: dreadnought

text: battleships

text: of

text: the

text: Braunschweig

text: class

text: in

text: the

text: German

text: Kaiserliche

text: Marine

text: Imperial

text: Navy

text: She

text: was

text: laid

text: down

text: in

text: and

text: commissioned

text: in

text: October

text: at

text: cost

text: of

text: marks

text: She

text: was

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: then

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: German

text: Braunschweig

text: Her

text: sister

text: ships

text: were

text: Elsass

text: Hessen

text: Preussen

text: and

text: Lothringen

text: The

text: ship

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: II

text: Squadron

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: fleet

text: after

text: commissioning

text: though

text: by

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: she

text: had

text: been

text: moved

text: to

text: the

text: IV

text: Squadron

text: Braunschweig

text: saw

text: action

text: in

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: against

text: the

text: Russian

text: Navy

text: In

text: August

text: the

text: ship

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Riga

text: during

text: which

text: she

text: engaged

text: the

text: Russian

text: battleship

text: Slava

text: In

text: the

text: ship

text: was

text: placed

text: in

text: reserve

text: owing

text: to

text: crew

text: shortages

text: She

text: spent

text: the

text: remainder

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: as

text: training

text: ship

text: and

text: after

text: as

text: barracks

text: ship

text: for

text: boat

text: crews

text: Under

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: the

text: Treaty

text: of

text: Versailles

text: she

text: was

text: retained

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: and

text: modernized

text: in

text: Braunschweig

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: reformed

text: Reichsmarine

text: as

text: coastal

text: defense

text: ship

text: until

text: when

text: she

text: was

text: again

text: placed

text: in

text: reserve

text: She

text: was

text: stricken

text: in

text: and

text: subsequently

text: broken

text: up

text: for

text: scrap

text: World War I (WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides), a casualty rate exacerbated by the belligerents' technological and industrial sophistication, and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved.

text: World

text: War

text: WWI

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: originating

text: in

text: Europe

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: July

text: to

text: November

text: More

text: than

text: million

text: military

text: personnel

text: including

text: million

text: Europeans

text: were

text: mobilised

text: in

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: wars

text: in

text: history

text: Over

text: nine

text: million

text: combatants

text: and

text: seven

text: million

text: civilians

text: died

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: including

text: the

text: victims

text: of

text: number

text: of

text: genocides

text: casualty

text: rate

text: exacerbated

text: by

text: the

text: belligerents

text: technological

text: and

text: industrial

text: sophistication

text: and

text: the

text: tactical

text: stalemate

text: caused

text: by

text: gruelling

text: trench

text: warfare

text: It

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflicts

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: paved

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: major

text: political

text: changes

text: including

text: revolutions

text: in

text: many

text: of

text: the

text: nations

text: involved

text: The Free State of Brunswick was a state of the German Reich in the time of the Weimar Republic. It was formed after the abolition of the Duchy of Brunswick in the course of the German Revolution of 191819. Its capital was Braunschweig (Brunswick).

text: The

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: was

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Reich

text: in

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: after

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: in

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Revolution

text: of

text: Its

text: capital

text: was

text: Braunschweig

text: Brunswick

text:
The Congress of Vienna (German: "Wiener Kongress") was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814. The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other off and remain at peace. The leaders were conservatives with little use for republicanism or revolution, both of which threatened to upset the status quo in Europe. France lost all its recent conquests, while Prussia, Austria and Russia made major territorial gains. Prussia added smaller German states in the west, Swedish Pomerania and 60% of the Kingdom of Saxony; Austria gained Venice and much of northern Italy. Russia gained parts of Poland. The new Kingdom of the Netherlands had been created just months before, and included formerly Austrian territory that in 1830 became Belgium.
The immediate background was Napoleonic France's defeat and surrender in May 1814, which brought an end to twenty-five years of nearly continuous war. Negotiations continued despite the outbreak of fighting triggered by Napoleon's dramatic return from exile and resumption of power in France during the Hundred Days of MarchJuly 1815. The Congress's "Final Act" was signed nine days before his final defeat at Waterloo on 18 June 1815.

text: The

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: German

text: Wiener

text: Kongress

text: was

text: conference

text: of

text: ambassadors

text: of

text: European

text: states

text: chaired

text: by

text: Austrian

text: statesman

text: Klemens

text: von

text: Metternich

text: and

text: held

text: in

text: Vienna

text: from

text: November

text: to

text: June

text: though

text: the

text: delegates

text: had

text: arrived

text: and

text: were

text: already

text: negotiating

text: by

text: late

text: September

text: The

text: objective

text: of

text: the

text: Congress

text: was

text: to

text: provide

text: long

text: term

text: peace

text: plan

text: for

text: Europe

text: by

text: settling

text: critical

text: issues

text: arising

text: from

text: the

text: French

text: Revolutionary

text: Wars

text: and

text: the

text: Napoleonic

text: Wars

text: The

text: goal

text: was

text: not

text: simply

text: to

text: restore

text: old

text: boundaries

text: but

text: to

text: resize

text: the

text: main

text: powers

text: so

text: they

text: could

text: balance

text: each

text: other

text: off

text: and

text: remain

text: at

text: peace

text: The

text: leaders

text: were

text: conservatives

text: with

text: little

text: use

text: for

text: republicanism

text: or

text: revolution

text: both

text: of

text: which

text: threatened

text: to

text: upset

text: the

text: status

text: quo

text: in

text: Europe

text: France

text: lost

text: all

text: its

text: recent

text: conquests

text: while

text: Prussia

text: Austria

text: and

text: Russia

text: made

text: major

text: territorial

text: gains

text: Prussia

text: added

text: smaller

text: German

text: states

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Swedish

text: Pomerania

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Austria

text: gained

text: Venice

text: and

text: much

text: of

text: northern

text: Italy

text: Russia

text: gained

text: parts

text: of

text: Poland

text: The

text: new

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: had

text: been

text: created

text: just

text: months

text: before

text: and

text: included

text: formerly

text: Austrian

text: territory

text: that

text: in

text: became

text: Belgium

text: The

text: immediate

text: background

text: was

text: Napoleonic

text: France

text: 's

text: defeat

text: and

text: surrender

text: in

text: May

text: which

text: brought

text: an

text: end

text: to

text: twenty

text: five

text: years

text: of

text: nearly

text: continuous

text: war

text: Negotiations

text: continued

text: despite

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: fighting

text: triggered

text: by

text: Napoleon

text: 's

text: dramatic

text: return

text: from

text: exile

text: and

text: resumption

text: of

text: power

text: in

text: France

text: during

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Days

text: of

text: MarchJuly

text: The

text: Congress

text: 's

text: Final

text: Act

text: was

text: signed

text: nine

text: days

text: before

text: his

text: final

text: defeat

text: at

text: Waterloo

text: on

text: June

text: The German Confederation was an association of 39 German states in Central Europe, created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries and to replace the former Holy Roman Empire. Most historians have judged the Confederation to have been weak and ineffective, as well as an obstacle to the creation of a German nation-state. It collapsed due to the rivalry between Prussia and Austria, warfare, the 1848 revolution, and the inability of the multiple members to compromise.

text: The

text: German

text: Confederation

text: was

text: an

text: association

text: of

text: German

text: states

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: created

text: by

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: in

text: to

text: coordinate

text: the

text: economies

text: of

text: separate

text: German

text: speaking

text: countries

text: and

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: former

text: Holy

text: Roman

text: Empire

text: Most

text: historians

text: have

text: judged

text: the

text: Confederation

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: weak

text: and

text: ineffective

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: an

text: obstacle

text: to

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: German

text: nation

text: state

text: It

text: collapsed

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: rivalry

text: between

text: Prussia

text: and

text: Austria

text: warfare

text: the

text: revolution

text: and

text: the

text: inability

text: of

text: the

text: multiple

text: members

text: to

text: compromise

text: The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the kingdom of France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is known as the Senior Service.

text: The

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: RN

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: naval

text: warfare

text: force

text: Although

text: warships

text: were

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: English

text: kings

text: from

text: the

text: early

text: medieval

text: period

text: the

text: first

text: major

text: maritime

text: engagements

text: were

text: fought

text: in

text: the

text: Hundred

text: Years

text: War

text: against

text: the

text: kingdom

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: modern

text: Royal

text: Navy

text: traces

text: its

text: origins

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: century

text: the

text: oldest

text: of

text: the

text: UK

text: 's

text: armed

text: services

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Senior

text: Service

text: Wolfenbüttel is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, the administrative capital of Wolfenbüttel District. It is best known as the location of the internationally renowned Herzog August Library and for having the largest concentration of timber-framed buildings in Germany. It is an episcopal see of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick. It is also home to the Jägermeister distillery and houses a campus of the Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences.

text: Wolfenbüttel

text: is

text: town

text: in

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: the

text: administrative

text: capital

text: of

text: Wolfenbüttel

text: District

text: It

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: the

text: internationally

text: renowned

text: Herzog

text: August

text: Library

text: and

text: for

text: having

text: the

text: largest

text: concentration

text: of

text: timber

text: framed

text: buildings

text: in

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: an

text: episcopal

text: see

text: of

text: the

text: Evangelical

text: Lutheran

text: Church

text: in

text: Brunswick

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Jägermeister

text: distillery

text: and

text: houses

text: campus

text: of

text: the

text: Ostfalia

text: University

text: of

text: Applied

text: Sciences

text: The German Empire (officially ') was the historical German nation state that existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in November 1918, when Germany became a federal republic (the Weimar Republic).

text: The

text: German

text: Empire

text: officially

text: was

text: the

text: historical

text: German

text: nation

text: state

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: the

text: unification

text: of

text: Germany

text: in

text: to

text: the

text: abdication

text: of

text: Kaiser

text: Wilhelm

text: II

text: in

text: November

text: when

text: Germany

text: became

text: federal

text: republic

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: Braunschweig (Low German: "Brunswiek" ), also called Brunswick in English, is a city of 252,768 people (as of 31 December 2015), in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located north of the Harz mountains at the furthest navigable point of the Oker river, which connects to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser. A powerful and influential centre of commerce in medieval Germany, Braunschweig was a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th until the 17th century, and the capital of the state of Brunswick until its disestablishment in 1946. Today, Braunschweig is the second largest city in Lower Saxony and a major centre of scientific research and development.

text: Braunschweig

text: Low

text: German

text: Brunswiek

text: also

text: called

text: Brunswick

text: in

text: English

text: is

text: city

text: of

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: December

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: Harz

text: mountains

text: at

text: the

text: furthest

text: navigable

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: Oker

text: river

text: which

text: connects

text: to

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: via

text: the

text: rivers

text: Aller

text: and

text: Weser

text: powerful

text: and

text: influential

text: centre

text: of

text: commerce

text: in

text: medieval

text: Germany

text: Braunschweig

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Hanseatic

text: League

text: from

text: the

text: until

text: the

text: century

text: and

text: the

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: until

text: its

text: disestablishment

text: in

text: Today

text: Braunschweig

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Lower

text: Saxony

text: and

text: major

text: centre

text: of

text: scientific

text: research

text: and

text: development

text: The Washington Naval Treaty, also known as the Five-Power Treaty, and including the "Four-Power Treaty" and the "Nine-power Treaty" was a treaty among the major nations that had won World War I, which agreed to prevent an arms race by limiting naval construction. It was negotiated at the Washington Naval Conference, held in Washington, D.C., from November 1921 to February 1922, and it was signed by the governments of the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, France, and Italy. It limited the construction of battleships, battlecruisers and aircraft carriers by the signatories. The numbers of other categories of warships, including cruisers, destroyers and submarines, were not limited by the treaty, but those ships were limited to 10,000 tons displacement.

text: The

text: Washington

text: Naval

text: Treaty

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Five

text: Power

text: Treaty

text: and

text: including

text: the

text: Four

text: Power

text: Treaty

text: and

text: the

text: Nine

text: power

text: Treaty

text: was

text: treaty

text: among

text: the

text: major

text: nations

text: that

text: had

text: won

text: World

text: War

text: which

text: agreed

text: to

text: prevent

text: an

text: arms

text: race

text: by

text: limiting

text: naval

text: construction

text: It

text: was

text: negotiated

text: at

text: the

text: Washington

text: Naval

text: Conference

text: held

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: from

text: November

text: to

text: February

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: signed

text: by

text: the

text: governments

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Japan

text: France

text: and

text: Italy

text: It

text: limited

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: battleships

text: battlecruisers

text: and

text: aircraft

text: carriers

text: by

text: the

text: signatories

text: The

text: numbers

text: of

text: other

text: categories

text: of

text: warships

text: including

text: cruisers

text: destroyers

text: and

text: submarines

text: were

text: not

text: limited

text: by

text: the

text: treaty

text: but

text: those

text: ships

text: were

text: limited

text: to

text: tons

text: displacement

text:
The Duchy of Brunswick was a historical German state. Its capital was the city of Brunswick ("Braunschweig").
It was established as the successor state of the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. In the course of the 19th-century history of Germany, the duchy was part of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation and from 1871 the German Empire. It was disestablished after the end of World War I, its territory incorporated into the Weimar Republic as the Free State of Brunswick.

text: The

text: Duchy

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: was

text: historical

text: German

text: state

text: Its

text: capital

text: was

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Braunschweig

text: It

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: the

text: successor

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Principality

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: Wolfenbüttel

text: by

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: Vienna

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: course

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: history

text: of

text: Germany

text: the

text: duchy

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Confederation

text: the

text: North

text: German

text: Confederation

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: German

text: Empire

text: It

text: was

text: disestablished

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: its

text: territory

text: incorporated

text: into

text: the

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: as

text: the

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Brunswick

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

question: country sms braunschweig

answer: german empire

text: german empire

text: german empire

text: german empire


text: Ski jumping is a form of Nordic skiing in which athletes descend a specially constructed takeoff ramp (known as the "inrun"), jump from the end of it (the "table") with as much power as they can generate, and "fly" as far as possible down a steeply sloped hill. Points are awarded for distance and style by five judges, with competition sanctioned by the International Ski Federation (FIS). To enable the athletes (who are known as "ski jumpers") to effectively glide such long distances and land safely, the skis they use are considerably wider and longer than their cross-country and alpine skiing counterparts. Ski jumping is predominantly a winter sport and has been part of the Winter Olympic Games since its inception in 1924 for men and since 2014 for women. Since 1954 it is possible to ski jump in summer on artificial surfaces made from plastic. Along with cross-country skiing, ski jumping is one of two sports which form the Nordic combined discipline. Holmenkollbakken in Oslo is the holy place of this sport, which is most popular in Austria, Germany, Finland, Japan, Norway, Poland and Slovenia.

text: Ski

text: jumping

text: is

text: form

text: of

text: Nordic

text: skiing

text: in

text: which

text: athletes

text: descend

text: specially

text: constructed

text: takeoff

text: ramp

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: inrun

text: jump

text: from

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: it

text: the

text: table

text: with

text: as

text: much

text: power

text: as

text: they

text: can

text: generate

text: and

text: fly

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: possible

text: down

text: steeply

text: sloped

text: hill

text: Points

text: are

text: awarded

text: for

text: distance

text: and

text: style

text: by

text: five

text: judges

text: with

text: competition

text: sanctioned

text: by

text: the

text: International

text: Ski

text: Federation

text: FIS

text: To

text: enable

text: the

text: athletes

text: who

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: ski

text: jumpers

text: to

text: effectively

text: glide

text: such

text: long

text: distances

text: and

text: land

text: safely

text: the

text: skis

text: they

text: use

text: are

text: considerably

text: wider

text: and

text: longer

text: than

text: their

text: cross

text: country

text: and

text: alpine

text: skiing

text: counterparts

text: Ski

text: jumping

text: is

text: predominantly

text: winter

text: sport

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympic

text: Games

text: since

text: its

text: inception

text: in

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: since

text: for

text: women

text: Since

text: it

text: is

text: possible

text: to

text: ski

text: jump

text: in

text: summer

text: on

text: artificial

text: surfaces

text: made

text: from

text: plastic

text: Along

text: with

text: cross

text: country

text: skiing

text: ski

text: jumping

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: sports

text: which

text: form

text: the

text: Nordic

text: combined

text: discipline

text: Holmenkollbakken

text: in

text: Oslo

text: is

text: the

text: holy

text: place

text: of

text: this

text: sport

text: which

text: is

text: most

text: popular

text: in

text: Austria

text: Germany

text: Finland

text: Japan

text: Norway

text: Poland

text: and

text: Slovenia

text: Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping. Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics and the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup are ongoing.

text: Nordic

text: combined

text: is

text: winter

text: sport

text: in

text: which

text: athletes

text: compete

text: in

text: cross

text: country

text: skiing

text: and

text: ski

text: jumping

text: Nordic

text: combined

text: at

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: and

text: the

text: FIS

text: Nordic

text: Combined

text: World

text: Cup

text: are

text: ongoing

text: The FIS Nordic World Ski Championships have been held in various numbers and types of events since 1925 for men and since 1954 for women. Championship events include nordic skiing's three disciplines: cross-country skiing, ski jumping, and nordic combined (the latter being a combination sport consisting of both cross-country and ski jumping). From 1924 to 1939, the World Championships were held every year, including the Winter Olympics. After World War II, the World Championships were held every four years from 1950 to 1982. Since 1985, the World Championships have been held in odd-numbered years.

text: The

text: FIS

text: Nordic

text: World

text: Ski

text: Championships

text: have

text: been

text: held

text: in

text: various

text: numbers

text: and

text: types

text: of

text: events

text: since

text: for

text: men

text: and

text: since

text: for

text: women

text: Championship

text: events

text: include

text: nordic

text: skiing

text: 's

text: three

text: disciplines

text: cross

text: country

text: skiing

text: ski

text: jumping

text: and

text: nordic

text: combined

text: the

text: latter

text: being

text: combination

text: sport

text: consisting

text: of

text: both

text: cross

text: country

text: and

text: ski

text: jumping

text: From

text: to

text: the

text: World

text: Championships

text: were

text: held

text: every

text: year

text: including

text: the

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: After

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: World

text: Championships

text: were

text: held

text: every

text: four

text: years

text: from

text: to

text: Since

text: the

text: World

text: Championships

text: have

text: been

text: held

text: in

text: odd

text: numbered

text: years

text: Nordic skiing pertains to skiing disciplines that use equipment where the toe of the ski boot is fixed to the binding in a manner that allows the heel to rise off the ski, unlike Alpine skiing, where the boot is attached to the ski from toe to heel. Recreational disciplines include cross-country skiing and Telemark skiing.

text: Nordic

text: skiing

text: pertains

text: to

text: skiing

text: disciplines

text: that

text: use

text: equipment

text: where

text: the

text: toe

text: of

text: the

text: ski

text: boot

text: is

text: fixed

text: to

text: the

text: binding

text: in

text: manner

text: that

text: allows

text: the

text: heel

text: to

text: rise

text: off

text: the

text: ski

text: unlike

text: Alpine

text: skiing

text: where

text: the

text: boot

text: is

text: attached

text: to

text: the

text: ski

text: from

text: toe

text: to

text: heel

text: Recreational

text: disciplines

text: include

text: cross

text: country

text: skiing

text: and

text: Telemark

text: skiing

text: Denis Aleksandrovich Kornilov ( Russian :    ; born 17 August 1986 ) is a Russian ski jumper who has been competing since 2003 . His best finish at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships was fifth in the team normal hill in 2005 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships and 23rd in the individual normal hill in 2007 . Kornilov competed at two Winter Olympics , earning his best finish of eighth in the team large hill at Turin in 2006 . His best individual World Cup finish was fifth in the individual large hill event in Finland in 2007 . His best individual Summer GP result has been third in the large hill competition in Hinterzarten in 2009 . Kornilov 's only international individual career win was at the 2007 Winter Universiade in Turin in the individual large hill event . Denis Kornilov was the champion of Russia in 2005 on the large hill event in Mezhdurechensk . He has numerous other medals from Russian championships up the years , both in junior categories and senior . He represented his country in two world junior championships , 2003 in Sweden and in 2004 in Stryn , Norway .

text: Denis

text: Aleksandrovich

text: Kornilov

text: Russian

text: born

text: August

text: is

text: Russian

text: ski

text: jumper

text: who

text: has

text: been

text: competing

text: since

text: His

text: best

text: finish

text: at

text: the

text: FIS

text: Nordic

text: World

text: Ski

text: Championships

text: was

text: fifth

text: in

text: the

text: team

text: normal

text: hill

text: in

text: FIS

text: Nordic

text: World

text: Ski

text: Championships

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: individual

text: normal

text: hill

text: in

text: Kornilov

text: competed

text: at

text: two

text: Winter

text: Olympics

text: earning

text: his

text: best

text: finish

text: of

text: eighth

text: in

text: the

text: team

text: large

text: hill

text: at

text: Turin

text: in

text: His

text: best

text: individual

text: World

text: Cup

text: finish

text: was

text: fifth

text: in

text: the

text: individual

text: large

text: hill

text: event

text: in

text: Finland

text: in

text: His

text: best

text: individual

text: Summer

text: GP

text: result

text: has

text: been

text: third

text: in

text: the

text: large

text: hill

text: competition

text: in

text: Hinterzarten

text: in

text: Kornilov

text: 's

text: only

text: international

text: individual

text: career

text: win

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: Winter

text: Universiade

text: in

text: Turin

text: in

text: the

text: individual

text: large

text: hill

text: event

text: Denis

text: Kornilov

text: was

text: the

text: champion

text: of

text: Russia

text: in

text: on

text: the

text: large

text: hill

text: event

text: in

text: Mezhdurechensk

text: He

text: has

text: numerous

text: other

text: medals

text: from

text: Russian

text: championships

text: up

text: the

text: years

text: both

text: in

text: junior

text: categories

text: and

text: senior

text: He

text: represented

text: his

text: country

text: in

text: two

text: world

text: junior

text: championships

text: in

text: Sweden

text: and

text: in

text: in

text: Stryn

text: Norway

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely multiple

question: sport denis kornilov

answer: ski jumping

text: ski jumping

text: ski jumping

text: ski jumping

text: ski jumping

text: ski jumping

text: ski jumping


text: Mainland Southeast Asia, also known as the Indochinese Peninsula and previously Indochina, is the continental portion of Southeast Asia lying east of India and south of China, bounded by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east.

text: Mainland

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Indochinese

text: Peninsula

text: and

text: previously

text: Indochina

text: is

text: the

text: continental

text: portion

text: of

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: lying

text: east

text: of

text: India

text: and

text: south

text: of

text: China

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Khmer people are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Cambodia, accounting for approximately 90% of the country's 15.2 million people. They speak the Khmer language, which is part of the larger Austroasiatic language family found throughout eastern and central India and Bangladesh, in Southeast Asia, South China and numerous islands in the Indian Ocean.

text: Khmer

text: people

text: are

text: Southeast

text: Asian

text: ethnic

text: group

text: native

text: to

text: Cambodia

text: accounting

text: for

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: people

text: They

text: speak

text: the

text: Khmer

text: language

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: larger

text: Austroasiatic

text: language

text: family

text: found

text: throughout

text: eastern

text: and

text: central

text: India

text: and

text: Bangladesh

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: South

text: China

text: and

text: numerous

text: islands

text: in

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: Cambodia (or Kampuchea ), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (Preh Réachéanachâk Kâmpchéa), is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is in area, bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam to the east, and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest.

text: Cambodia

text: or

text: Kampuchea

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: Preh

text: Réachéanachâk

text: Kâmpchéa

text: is

text: country

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southern

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: Indochina

text: Peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: in

text: area

text: bordered

text: by

text: Thailand

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Laos

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Vietnam

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Thailand

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The Khmer Empire, officially the Angkor Empire, the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ("Kampuchea" or "Srok Khmer" to the Khmer people), was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia. The empire, which grew out of the former kingdoms of Funan and Chenla, at times ruled over and/or vassalised most of mainland Southeast Asia.

text: The

text: Khmer

text: Empire

text: officially

text: the

text: Angkor

text: Empire

text: the

text: predecessor

text: state

text: to

text: modern

text: Cambodia

text: Kampuchea

text: or

text: Srok

text: Khmer

text: to

text: the

text: Khmer

text: people

text: was

text: powerful

text: Hindu

text: Buddhist

text: empire

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: The

text: empire

text: which

text: grew

text: out

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: kingdoms

text: of

text: Funan

text: and

text: Chenla

text: at

text: times

text: ruled

text: over

text: and/or

text: vassalised

text: most

text: of

text: mainland

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: Angkor ("Capital City") was the capital city of Khmer Empire, which flourished from approximately the 9th to 15th centuries. Angkor was a megacity supporting at least 0.1% of the global population during 1010-1220. The city houses the magnificent Angkor Wat, one of Cambodia's popular tourist attractions.

text: Angkor

text: Capital

text: City

text: was

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Khmer

text: Empire

text: which

text: flourished

text: from

text: approximately

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: Angkor

text: was

text: megacity

text: supporting

text: at

text: least

text: of

text: the

text: global

text: population

text: during

text: The

text: city

text: houses

text: the

text: magnificent

text: Angkor

text: Wat

text: one

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: 's

text: popular

text: tourist

text: attractions

text: Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies near the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and volcanic activity. Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions:

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: or

text: Southeastern

text: Asia

text: is

text: subregion

text: of

text: Asia

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: countries

text: that

text: are

text: geographically

text: south

text: of

text: China

text: east

text: of

text: India

text: west

text: of

text: New

text: Guinea

text: and

text: north

text: of

text: Australia

text: The

text: region

text: lies

text: near

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: geological

text: plates

text: with

text: heavy

text: seismic

text: and

text: volcanic

text: activity

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: geographic

text: regions

text: Yasovarman II ( Khmer :  ) was the ruler of the Khmer empire from 1160 to 1166 . He succeeded Dharanindravarman II. In 1165 , he was overthrown by the mandarin Tribhuvanadityavarman . His rule ended with his assassination by one of his subordinates .

text: Yasovarman

text: II

text: Khmer

text: was

text: the

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: Khmer

text: empire

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: succeeded

text: Dharanindravarman

text: II

text: In

text: he

text: was

text: overthrown

text: by

text: the

text: mandarin

text: Tribhuvanadityavarman

text: His

text: rule

text: ended

text: with

text: his

text: assassination

text: by

text: one

text: of

text: his

text: subordinates

text: Dharanindravarman II (also titled "Paramanishkalapada") was king of the Khmer Empire from 1150 to 1160.

text: Dharanindravarman

text: II

text: also

text: titled

text: Paramanishkalapada

text: was

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Empire

text: from

text: to

text: Chenla  is the Chinese designation for the successor polity of the Kingdom of Funan preceding the Khmer Empire that existed from around the late sixth to the early ninth century in Indochina. The name was still used in the 13th century by the Chinese envoy Zhou Daguan, author of "The Customs of Cambodia". However, modern historiography applies the name exclusively to the period from the late 6th to the early ninth century. It is dubious if "Chenla" ever existed as a unitary kingdom or if this is a misconception by Chinese chronists. Most modern historians believe that "Chenla" was in fact just a series of loose and temporary confederations of principalities.

text: Chenla

text: is

text: the

text: Chinese

text: designation

text: for

text: the

text: successor

text: polity

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Funan

text: preceding

text: the

text: Khmer

text: Empire

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: around

text: the

text: late

text: sixth

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: ninth

text: century

text: in

text: Indochina

text: The

text: name

text: was

text: still

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: by

text: the

text: Chinese

text: envoy

text: Zhou

text: Daguan

text: author

text: of

text: The

text: Customs

text: of

text: Cambodia

text: However

text: modern

text: historiography

text: applies

text: the

text: name

text: exclusively

text: to

text: the

text: period

text: from

text: the

text: late

text: to

text: the

text: early

text: ninth

text: century

text: It

text: is

text: dubious

text: if

text: Chenla

text: ever

text: existed

text: as

text: unitary

text: kingdom

text: or

text: if

text: this

text: is

text: misconception

text: by

text: Chinese

text: chronists

text: Most

text: modern

text: historians

text: believe

text: that

text: Chenla

text: was

text: in

text: fact

text: just

text: series

text: of

text: loose

text: and

text: temporary

text: confederations

text: of

text: principalities

annotations: follows multiple

question: country_of_citizenship yasovarman ii

answer: cambodia

text: cambodia

text: cambodia

text: cambodia

text: cambodia

text: cambodia

text: cambodia


text: Pepin II (c. 635  16 December 714), commonly known as Pepin of Herstal, was a Frankish statesman and military leader who de facto ruled Francia as the Mayor of the Palace from 680 until his death. He took the title Duke and Prince of the Franks upon his conquest of all the Frankish realms.

text: Pepin

text: II

text: December

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Pepin

text: of

text: Herstal

text: was

text: Frankish

text: statesman

text: and

text: military

text: leader

text: who

text: de

text: facto

text: ruled

text: Francia

text: as

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: the

text: Palace

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: He

text: took

text: the

text: title

text: Duke

text: and

text: Prince

text: of

text: the

text: Franks

text: upon

text: his

text: conquest

text: of

text: all

text: the

text: Frankish

text: realms

text: Charles Martel (c. 686  22 October 741) was a Frankish statesman and military leader who as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was "de facto" ruler of Francia from 718 until his death. The son of the Frankish statesman Pepin of Herstal and a noblewoman named Alpaida, Charles successfully asserted his claims to power as successor to his father as the power behind the throne in Frankish politics. Continuing and building on his father's work, he restored centralized government in Francia and began the series of military campaigns that re-established the Franks as the undisputed masters of all Gaul.

text: Charles

text: Martel

text: October

text: was

text: Frankish

text: statesman

text: and

text: military

text: leader

text: who

text: as

text: Duke

text: and

text: Prince

text: of

text: the

text: Franks

text: and

text: Mayor

text: of

text: the

text: Palace

text: was

text: de

text: facto

text: ruler

text: of

text: Francia

text: from

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: The

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: Frankish

text: statesman

text: Pepin

text: of

text: Herstal

text: and

text: noblewoman

text: named

text: Alpaida

text: Charles

text: successfully

text: asserted

text: his

text: claims

text: to

text: power

text: as

text: successor

text: to

text: his

text: father

text: as

text: the

text: power

text: behind

text: the

text: throne

text: in

text: Frankish

text: politics

text: Continuing

text: and

text: building

text: on

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: work

text: he

text: restored

text: centralized

text: government

text: in

text: Francia

text: and

text: began

text: the

text: series

text: of

text: military

text: campaigns

text: that

text: re

text: established

text: the

text: Franks

text: as

text: the

text: undisputed

text: masters

text: of

text: all

text: Gaul

text: Alpaida ( also Alphaida , Alpoïde , Elphide , Elfide , Chalpaida ; ca . 654 -- ca . 714 ) was a noblewoman of the House of Pepin , who hailed from the Liège area . The daughter of Alberic of Austrasia and Adèle of Poiters , she was Pepin II 's ( 635 or 640 -- December 16 , 714 ) second wife and mother to two sons , Charles Martel ( Charles the Hammer ) ( d. October 22 , 741 ) and Childebrand ( 678 -- 751 ) .

text: Alpaida

text: also

text: Alphaida

text: Alpoïde

text: Elphide

text: Elfide

text: Chalpaida

text: ca

text: ca

text: was

text: noblewoman

text: of

text: the

text: House

text: of

text: Pepin

text: who

text: hailed

text: from

text: the

text: Liège

text: area

text: The

text: daughter

text: of

text: Alberic

text: of

text: Austrasia

text: and

text: Adèle

text: of

text: Poiters

text: she

text: was

text: Pepin

text: II

text: 's

text: or

text: December

text: second

text: wife

text: and

text: mother

text: to

text: two

text: sons

text: Charles

text: Martel

text: Charles

text: the

text: Hammer

text: October

text: and

text: Childebrand

text: Under the Merovingian dynasty, the mayor of the palace or majordomo ("maior domus") was the manager of the household of the Frankish king. The office existed from the sixth century, and during the seventh it evolved into the "power behind the throne" in the northeastern kingdom of Austrasia. In 751, the mayor of the palace, Pepin the Short, orchestrated the deposition of the king, Childeric III, and was crowned in his place.

text: Under

text: the

text: Merovingian

text: dynasty

text: the

text: mayor

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: or

text: majordomo

text: maior

text: domus

text: was

text: the

text: manager

text: of

text: the

text: household

text: of

text: the

text: Frankish

text: king

text: The

text: office

text: existed

text: from

text: the

text: sixth

text: century

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: seventh

text: it

text: evolved

text: into

text: the

text: power

text: behind

text: the

text: throne

text: in

text: the

text: northeastern

text: kingdom

text: of

text: Austrasia

text: In

text: the

text: mayor

text: of

text: the

text: palace

text: Pepin

text: the

text: Short

text: orchestrated

text: the

text: deposition

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: Childeric

text: III

text: and

text: was

text: crowned

text: in

text: his

text: place

text:
Gaul (Latin: "Gallia") was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age that was inhabited by Celtic tribes, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands, Central Italy and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine. It covered an area of 190,800 mi² or 494,169 km². According to the testimony of Julius Caesar, Gaul was divided into three parts: Gallia Celtica, Belgica and Aquitania.
Archaeologically, the Gauls were bearers of the La Tène culture, which extended across all of Gaul, as well as east to Raetia, Noricum, Pannonia and southwestern Germania during the 5th to 1st centuries BC.
During the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, Gaul fell under Roman rule: Gallia Cisalpina was conquered in 203 BC and Gallia Narbonensis in 123 BC. Gaul was invaded after 120 BC by the Cimbri and the Teutons, who were in turn defeated by the Romans by 103 BC. Julius Caesar finally subdued the remaining parts of Gaul in his campaigns of 58 to 51 BC.

text: Gaul

text: Latin

text: Gallia

text: was

text: region

text: of

text: Western

text: Europe

text: during

text: the

text: Iron

text: Age

text: that

text: was

text: inhabited

text: by

text: Celtic

text: tribes

text: encompassing

text: present

text: day

text: France

text: Luxembourg

text: Belgium

text: most

text: of

text: Switzerland

text: Northern

text: Italy

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: Netherlands

text: Central

text: Italy

text: and

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: bank

text: of

text: the

text: Rhine

text: It

text: covered

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: or

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: testimony

text: of

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: Gaul

text: was

text: divided

text: into

text: three

text: parts

text: Gallia

text: Celtica

text: Belgica

text: and

text: Aquitania

text: Archaeologically

text: the

text: Gauls

text: were

text: bearers

text: of

text: the

text: La

text: Tène

text: culture

text: which

text: extended

text: across

text: all

text: of

text: Gaul

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: east

text: to

text: Raetia

text: Noricum

text: Pannonia

text: and

text: southwestern

text: Germania

text: during

text: the

text: to

text: centuries

text: BC

text: During

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: BC

text: Gaul

text: fell

text: under

text: Roman

text: rule

text: Gallia

text: Cisalpina

text: was

text: conquered

text: in

text: BC

text: and

text: Gallia

text: Narbonensis

text: in

text: BC

text: Gaul

text: was

text: invaded

text: after

text: BC

text: by

text: the

text: Cimbri

text: and

text: the

text: Teutons

text: who

text: were

text: in

text: turn

text: defeated

text: by

text: the

text: Romans

text: by

text: BC

text: Julius

text: Caesar

text: finally

text: subdued

text: the

text: remaining

text: parts

text: of

text: Gaul

text: in

text: his

text: campaigns

text: of

text: to

text: BC

question: spouse alpaida

answer: pepin of herstal

text: pepin of herstal

text: pepin of herstal


text: The Eye of the Storm is a 25 - minute 1970 American television documentary featuring schoolteacher Jane Elliott conducting her `` Blue eyes - Brown eyes '' exercise in discrimination , narrated by Bill Beutel and directed by William Peters .

text: The

text: Eye

text: of

text: the

text: Storm

text: is

text: minute

text: American

text: television

text: documentary

text: featuring

text: schoolteacher

text: Jane

text: Elliott

text: conducting

text: her

text: Blue

text: eyes

text: Brown

text: eyes

text: exercise

text: in

text: discrimination

text: narrated

text: by

text: Bill

text: Beutel

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: William

text: Peters

text: WABC-TV, channel 7, is the flagship station of the ABC television network, located in New York City. WABC-TV is owned by the ABC Owned Television Stations subsidiary of the Disney-ABC Television Group division of the Disney Media Networks subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. The station's studios and offices are located near Lincoln Square on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, adjacent to ABC's corporate headquarters; its transmitter is atop the Empire State Building.

text: WABC

text: TV

text: channel

text: is

text: the

text: flagship

text: station

text: of

text: the

text: ABC

text: television

text: network

text: located

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: WABC

text: TV

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: ABC

text: Owned

text: Television

text: Stations

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: the

text: Disney

text: ABC

text: Television

text: Group

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: Disney

text: Media

text: Networks

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: The

text: station

text: 's

text: studios

text: and

text: offices

text: are

text: located

text: near

text: Lincoln

text: Square

text: on

text: the

text: Upper

text: West

text: Side

text: of

text: Manhattan

text: adjacent

text: to

text: ABC

text: 's

text: corporate

text: headquarters

text: its

text: transmitter

text: is

text: atop

text: the

text: Empire

text: State

text: Building

text: A Class Divided is a 1985 episode of the PBS series "Frontline". Directed by William Peters, the episode profiles the Iowa schoolteacher Jane Elliott and her class of third graders, who took part in a class exercise about discrimination and prejudice in 1970 and reunited in the present day to recall the experience.

text: Class

text: Divided

text: is

text: episode

text: of

text: the

text: PBS

text: series

text: Frontline

text: Directed

text: by

text: William

text: Peters

text: the

text: episode

text: profiles

text: the

text: Iowa

text: schoolteacher

text: Jane

text: Elliott

text: and

text: her

text: class

text: of

text: third

text: graders

text: who

text: took

text: part

text: in

text: class

text: exercise

text: about

text: discrimination

text: and

text: prejudice

text: in

text: and

text: reunited

text: in

text: the

text: present

text: day

text: to

text: recall

text: the

text: experience

text: The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the DisneyABC Television Group, a subsidiary of the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company. The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional major offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank, California.

text: The

text: American

text: Broadcasting

text: Company

text: ABC

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: commercial

text: broadcast

text: television

text: network

text: that

text: is

text: owned

text: by

text: the

text: DisneyABC

text: Television

text: Group

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: the

text: Disney

text: Media

text: Networks

text: division

text: of

text: The

text: Walt

text: Disney

text: Company

text: The

text: network

text: is

text: headquartered

text: on

text: Columbus

text: Avenue

text: and

text: West

text: Street

text: in

text: Manhattan

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: There

text: are

text: additional

text: major

text: offices

text: and

text: production

text: facilities

text: elsewhere

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: Burbank

text: California

text: William Charles Beutel (December 12, 1930  March 18, 2006) was an American television reporter, journalist and anchor. He was best known for working over four decades with the American Broadcasting Company, spending much of that time anchoring newscasts for WABC-TV in New York City.

text: William

text: Charles

text: Beutel

text: December

text: March

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: television

text: reporter

text: journalist

text: and

text: anchor

text: He

text: was

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: working

text: over

text: four

text: decades

text: with

text: the

text: American

text: Broadcasting

text: Company

text: spending

text: much

text: of

text: that

text: time

text: anchoring

text: newscasts

text: for

text: WABC

text: TV

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text:
Jane Elliott (born May 27, 1933) is an American former third-grade schoolteacher, anti-racism activist, and educator, as well as a feminist and LGBT activist. She is known for her "Blue eyesBrown eyes" exercise.
She first conducted her famous exercise for her class the day after Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated. When her local newspaper published compositions that the children wrote about the experience, the reactions (both positive and negative) formed the basis for her career as a public speaker against discrimination. Elliott's classroom exercise was filmed the third time she held it with her 1970 third-graders to become "The Eye of the Storm". This in turn inspired a retrospective that reunited the 1970 class members with their teacher fifteen years later in "A Class Divided". After leaving her school, Elliott became a diversity educator full-time. She still holds the exercise and gives lectures about its effects all over the U.S. and in several locations overseas.

text: Jane

text: Elliott

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: former

text: third

text: grade

text: schoolteacher

text: anti

text: racism

text: activist

text: and

text: educator

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: feminist

text: and

text: LGBT

text: activist

text: She

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: Blue

text: eyesBrown

text: eyes

text: exercise

text: She

text: first

text: conducted

text: her

text: famous

text: exercise

text: for

text: her

text: class

text: the

text: day

text: after

text: Martin

text: Luther

text: King

text: Jr.

text: was

text: assassinated

text: When

text: her

text: local

text: newspaper

text: published

text: compositions

text: that

text: the

text: children

text: wrote

text: about

text: the

text: experience

text: the

text: reactions

text: both

text: positive

text: and

text: negative

text: formed

text: the

text: basis

text: for

text: her

text: career

text: as

text: public

text: speaker

text: against

text: discrimination

text: Elliott

text: 's

text: classroom

text: exercise

text: was

text: filmed

text: the

text: third

text: time

text: she

text: held

text: it

text: with

text: her

text: third

text: graders

text: to

text: become

text: The

text: Eye

text: of

text: the

text: Storm

text: This

text: in

text: turn

text: inspired

text: retrospective

text: that

text: reunited

text: the

text: class

text: members

text: with

text: their

text: teacher

text: fifteen

text: years

text: later

text: in

text: Class

text: Divided

text: After

text: leaving

text: her

text: school

text: Elliott

text: became

text: diversity

text: educator

text: full

text: time

text: She

text: still

text: holds

text: the

text: exercise

text: and

text: gives

text: lectures

text: about

text: its

text: effects

text: all

text: over

text: the

text: U.S.

text: and

text: in

text: several

text: locations

text: overseas

question: distributor the eye of the storm

answer: american broadcasting company

text: american broadcasting company

text: american broadcasting company


text: Frederick Escreet Smith ( 4 April 1919 -- 15 May 2012 ) was a British author , best known for his 1956 novel 633 Squadron about a Second World War RAF Mosquito squadron undertaking a seemingly impossible mission to bomb a well protected German factory at the head of a Norwegian fjord . The novel was made into a successful film in 1964 . He also wrote the original 1951 story that the film Devil Doll ( 1964 ) is based on .

text: Frederick

text: Escreet

text: Smith

text: April

text: May

text: was

text: British

text: author

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: novel

text: Squadron

text: about

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: RAF

text: Mosquito

text: squadron

text: undertaking

text: seemingly

text: impossible

text: mission

text: to

text: bomb

text: well

text: protected

text: German

text: factory

text: at

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: Norwegian

text: fjord

text: The

text: novel

text: was

text: made

text: into

text: successful

text: film

text: in

text: He

text: also

text: wrote

text: the

text: original

text: story

text: that

text: the

text: film

text: Devil

text: Doll

text: is

text: based

text: on

text:
633 Squadron is a 1964 British film, which depicts the exploits of a fictional World War II British fighter-bomber squadron and stars Cliff Robertson, George Chakiris and Maria Perschy. The plot was based on a novel of the same name by Frederick E. Smith, published in 1956, which itself drew on several real Royal Air Force operations. The film was directed by Walter Grauman and produced by Cecil F. Ford for the second film of Mirisch Productions UK subsidiary Mirisch Films for United Artists. "633 Squadron" was the first aviation film to be shot in colour and Panavision widescreen.
Plot.
When the Norwegian resistance leader, Royal Norwegian Navy Lieutenant Erik Bergman, travels to Great Britain to report the location of a German V-2 rocket fuel plant, the Royal Air Force's No. 633 Squadron is assigned to destroy it. The squadron is led by Wing Commander Roy Grant, an ex-Eagle Squadron pilot (an American serving in the RAF before the US entered the war).

text: Squadron

text: is

text: British

text: film

text: which

text: depicts

text: the

text: exploits

text: of

text: fictional

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: British

text: fighter

text: bomber

text: squadron

text: and

text: stars

text: Cliff

text: Robertson

text: George

text: Chakiris

text: and

text: Maria

text: Perschy

text: The

text: plot

text: was

text: based

text: on

text: novel

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: by

text: Frederick

text: Smith

text: published

text: in

text: which

text: itself

text: drew

text: on

text: several

text: real

text: Royal

text: Air

text: Force

text: operations

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Walter

text: Grauman

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Cecil

text: Ford

text: for

text: the

text: second

text: film

text: of

text: Mirisch

text: Productions

text: UK

text: subsidiary

text: Mirisch

text: Films

text: for

text: United

text: Artists

text: Squadron

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: aviation

text: film

text: to

text: be

text: shot

text: in

text: colour

text: and

text: Panavision

text: widescreen

text: Plot

text: When

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: resistance

text: leader

text: Royal

text: Norwegian

text: Navy

text: Lieutenant

text: Erik

text: Bergman

text: travels

text: to

text: Great

text: Britain

text: to

text: report

text: the

text: location

text: of

text: German

text: rocket

text: fuel

text: plant

text: the

text: Royal

text: Air

text: Force

text: 's

text: No

text: Squadron

text: is

text: assigned

text: to

text: destroy

text: it

text: The

text: squadron

text: is

text: led

text: by

text: Wing

text: Commander

text: Roy

text: Grant

text: an

text: ex

text: Eagle

text: Squadron

text: pilot

text: an

text: American

text: serving

text: in

text: the

text: RAF

text: before

text: the

text: US

text: entered

text: the

text: war

text: The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force. Formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918, it is the oldest independent air force in the world. Following victory over the Central Powers in 1918 the RAF emerged as, at the time, the largest air force in the world. Since its formation, the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history, in particular, playing a large part in the Second World War where it fought its most famous campaign, the Battle of Britain.

text: The

text: Royal

text: Air

text: Force

text: RAF

text: is

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: 's

text: aerial

text: warfare

text: force

text: Formed

text: towards

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: First

text: World

text: War

text: on

text: April

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: oldest

text: independent

text: air

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Following

text: victory

text: over

text: the

text: Central

text: Powers

text: in

text: the

text: RAF

text: emerged

text: as

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: largest

text: air

text: force

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Since

text: its

text: formation

text: the

text: RAF

text: has

text: taken

text: significant

text: role

text: in

text: British

text: military

text: history

text: in

text: particular

text: playing

text: large

text: part

text: in

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: where

text: it

text: fought

text: its

text: most

text: famous

text: campaign

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Britain

text: The Royal Norwegian Navy (Norwegian: Sjøforsvaret, "the naval defence (forces)") is the branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces responsible for naval operations of the state of Norway. , the RNoN consists of approximately 3,700 personnel (9,450 in mobilized state, 32,000 when fully mobilized) and 70 vessels, including 5 heavy frigates, 6 submarines, 14 patrol boats, 4 minesweepers, 4 minehunters, 1 mine detection vessel, 4 support vessels and 2 training vessels. The navy also includes the Coast Guard.

text: The

text: Royal

text: Norwegian

text: Navy

text: Norwegian

text: Sjøforsvaret

text: the

text: naval

text: defence

text: forces

text: is

text: the

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: Norwegian

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: responsible

text: for

text: naval

text: operations

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Norway

text: the

text: RNoN

text: consists

text: of

text: approximately

text: personnel

text: in

text: mobilized

text: state

text: when

text: fully

text: mobilized

text: and

text: vessels

text: including

text: heavy

text: frigates

text: submarines

text: patrol

text: boats

text: minesweepers

text: minehunters

text: mine

text: detection

text: vessel

text: support

text: vessels

text: and

text: training

text: vessels

text: The

text: navy

text: also

text: includes

text: the

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: A fighter-bomber is a fighter aircraft that has been modified, or used primarily, as a light bomber or attack aircraft. It differs from bomber and attack aircraft primarily in its origins, as a fighter that has been adapted into other roles, whereas bombers and attack aircraft are developed specifically for bombing and attack roles.

text: fighter

text: bomber

text: is

text: fighter

text: aircraft

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: modified

text: or

text: used

text: primarily

text: as

text: light

text: bomber

text: or

text: attack

text: aircraft

text: It

text: differs

text: from

text: bomber

text: and

text: attack

text: aircraft

text: primarily

text: in

text: its

text: origins

text: as

text: fighter

text: that

text: has

text: been

text: adapted

text: into

text: other

text: roles

text: whereas

text: bombers

text: and

text: attack

text: aircraft

text: are

text: developed

text: specifically

text: for

text: bombing

text: and

text: attack

text: roles

question: military_branch frederick e. smith

answer: royal air force

text: royal air force

text: royal air force

text: royal air force


text: The Hylozoists are a Canadian instrumental rock supergroup formed in 2001 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The band's name is derived from hylozoism and was started as a side project of record producer and multi-instrumentalist Paul Aucoin.

text: The

text: Hylozoists

text: are

text: Canadian

text: instrumental

text: rock

text: supergroup

text: formed

text: in

text: in

text: Halifax

text: Nova

text: Scotia

text: Canada

text: The

text: band

text: 's

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: hylozoism

text: and

text: was

text: started

text: as

text: side

text: project

text: of

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: multi

text: instrumentalist

text: Paul

text: Aucoin

text: Instrumental rock is rock music that emphasizes musical instruments and features very little or no singing. Examples of instrumental rock can be found in practically every subgenre of rock, often from musicians who specialize in the style. Instrumental rock was most popular from the mid-1950s to mid-1960s, with artists such as Bill Doggett Combo, Jimmy Reed, Earl Bostic, The Fireballs, The Shadows, and The Ventures. Surf music had many instrumental songs. Many instrumental hits came from the R&B world. Funk and disco produced several instrumental hit singles during the 1970s. The Allman Brothers Band have many instrumentals. Jeff Beck also recorded two instrumental albums in the 1970s. Progressive rock and art rock performers of the 1960s and 1970s did many virtuosic instrumental performances.

text: Instrumental

text: rock

text: is

text: rock

text: music

text: that

text: emphasizes

text: musical

text: instruments

text: and

text: features

text: very

text: little

text: or

text: no

text: singing

text: Examples

text: of

text: instrumental

text: rock

text: can

text: be

text: found

text: in

text: practically

text: every

text: subgenre

text: of

text: rock

text: often

text: from

text: musicians

text: who

text: specialize

text: in

text: the

text: style

text: Instrumental

text: rock

text: was

text: most

text: popular

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: with

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Bill

text: Doggett

text: Combo

text: Jimmy

text: Reed

text: Earl

text: Bostic

text: The

text: Fireballs

text: The

text: Shadows

text: and

text: The

text: Ventures

text: Surf

text: music

text: had

text: many

text: instrumental

text: songs

text: Many

text: instrumental

text: hits

text: came

text: from

text: the

text: R&B

text: world

text: Funk

text: and

text: disco

text: produced

text: several

text: instrumental

text: hit

text: singles

text: during

text: the

text: The

text: Allman

text: Brothers

text: Band

text: have

text: many

text: instrumentals

text: Jeff

text: Beck

text: also

text: recorded

text: two

text: instrumental

text: albums

text: in

text: the

text: Progressive

text: rock

text: and

text: art

text: rock

text: performers

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: did

text: many

text: virtuosic

text: instrumental

text: performances

text: A multi-instrumentalist is a musician who plays two or more musical instruments at a professional level. Multi-instrumentalists who play closely related instruments, a practice known as doubling are common in orchestra (e.g., flute players who double on piccolo and percussion players, who play snare drum, cymbals, bass drum, etc.), in jazz (e.g., saxophone players who double on clarinet or flute; or double bass players who also play electric bass); in music theatre pit orchestras (e.g., reed players who are required to play numerous reed instruments); and in other areas of classical music (e.g., church piano players are often expected to play the church's pipe organ or Hammond organ as well). Popular music composers and songwriters are often multi-instrumentalists. In pop and rock, it is more common than in classical or jazz for performers to be multi-instrumentalists on instruments that are not from the same family: it is common for pop and rock musicians to play both guitar and keyboards. Many bluegrass musicians are multi-instrumentalists. Some musicians' unions or associations specify a higher rate of pay for musicians who double on two or more instruments for a performance or recording.

text: multi

text: instrumentalist

text: is

text: musician

text: who

text: plays

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: musical

text: instruments

text: at

text: professional

text: level

text: Multi

text: instrumentalists

text: who

text: play

text: closely

text: related

text: instruments

text: practice

text: known

text: as

text: doubling

text: are

text: common

text: in

text: orchestra

text: e.g.

text: flute

text: players

text: who

text: double

text: on

text: piccolo

text: and

text: percussion

text: players

text: who

text: play

text: snare

text: drum

text: cymbals

text: bass

text: drum

text: etc

text: in

text: jazz

text: e.g.

text: saxophone

text: players

text: who

text: double

text: on

text: clarinet

text: or

text: flute

text: or

text: double

text: bass

text: players

text: who

text: also

text: play

text: electric

text: bass

text: in

text: music

text: theatre

text: pit

text: orchestras

text: e.g.

text: reed

text: players

text: who

text: are

text: required

text: to

text: play

text: numerous

text: reed

text: instruments

text: and

text: in

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: classical

text: music

text: e.g.

text: church

text: piano

text: players

text: are

text: often

text: expected

text: to

text: play

text: the

text: church

text: 's

text: pipe

text: organ

text: or

text: Hammond

text: organ

text: as

text: well

text: Popular

text: music

text: composers

text: and

text: songwriters

text: are

text: often

text: multi

text: instrumentalists

text: In

text: pop

text: and

text: rock

text: it

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: than

text: in

text: classical

text: or

text: jazz

text: for

text: performers

text: to

text: be

text: multi

text: instrumentalists

text: on

text: instruments

text: that

text: are

text: not

text: from

text: the

text: same

text: family

text: it

text: is

text: common

text: for

text: pop

text: and

text: rock

text: musicians

text: to

text: play

text: both

text: guitar

text: and

text: keyboards

text: Many

text: bluegrass

text: musicians

text: are

text: multi

text: instrumentalists

text: Some

text: musicians

text: unions

text: or

text: associations

text: specify

text: higher

text: rate

text: of

text: pay

text: for

text: musicians

text: who

text: double

text: on

text: two

text: or

text: more

text: instruments

text: for

text: performance

text: or

text: recording

text: Wayne Petti is a Canadian singer - songwriter best known the vocalist for indie rock band Cuff the Duke . He has contributed to projects by Blue Rodeo , The Hylozoists and Hayden in addition to releasing material on his own and as part of his side - project Grey Lands .

text: Wayne

text: Petti

text: is

text: Canadian

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: best

text: known

text: the

text: vocalist

text: for

text: indie

text: rock

text: band

text: Cuff

text: the

text: Duke

text: He

text: has

text: contributed

text: to

text: projects

text: by

text: Blue

text: Rodeo

text: The

text: Hylozoists

text: and

text: Hayden

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: releasing

text: material

text: on

text: his

text: own

text: and

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: his

text: side

text: project

text: Grey

text: Lands

question: instrument wayne petti

answer: guitar

text: guitar