text: A chemotherapy regimen is a regimen for chemotherapy, defining the drugs to be used, their dosage, the frequency and duration of treatments, and other considerations. In modern oncology, many regimens combine several chemotherapy drugs in combination chemotherapy. The majority of drugs used in cancer chemotherapy are cytostatic, many via cytotoxicity.

text: chemotherapy

text: regimen

text: is

text: regimen

text: for

text: chemotherapy

text: defining

text: the

text: drugs

text: to

text: be

text: used

text: their

text: dosage

text: the

text: frequency

text: and

text: duration

text: of

text: treatments

text: and

text: other

text: considerations

text: In

text: modern

text: oncology

text: many

text: regimens

text: combine

text: several

text: chemotherapy

text: drugs

text: in

text: combination

text: chemotherapy

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: drugs

text: used

text: in

text: cancer

text: chemotherapy

text: are

text: cytostatic

text: many

text: via

text: cytotoxicity

text:
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health. People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, is over , with the range defined as overweight. Some East Asian countries use lower values. Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, and osteoarthritis.
Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility. A few cases are caused primarily by genes, endocrine disorders, medications, or mental illness. The view that obese people eat little yet gain weight due to a slow metabolism is not generally supported. On average, obese people have a greater energy expenditure than their thin counterparts due to the energy required to maintain an increased body mass.
Obesity is mostly preventable through a combination of social changes and personal choices. Changes to diet and exercising are the main treatments. Diet quality can be improved by reducing the consumption of energy-dense foods, such as those high in fat and sugars, and by increasing the intake of dietary fiber. Medications may be taken, along with a suitable diet, to reduce appetite or decrease fat absorption. If diet, exercise, and medication are not effective, a gastric balloon or surgery may be performed to reduce stomach volume or bowel length, leading to feeling full earlier or a reduced ability to absorb nutrients from food.
Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in adults and children. In 2014, 600 million adults (13%) and 42 million children under the age of five were obese. Obesity is more common in women than men. Authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century. Obesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world (particularly in the Western world), though it was seen as a symbol of wealth and fertility at other times in history and still is in some parts of the world. In 2013, the American Medical Association classified obesity as a disease.

text: Obesity

text: is

text: medical

text: condition

text: in

text: which

text: excess

text: body

text: fat

text: has

text: accumulated

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: it

text: may

text: have

text: negative

text: effect

text: on

text: health

text: People

text: are

text: generally

text: considered

text: obese

text: when

text: their

text: body

text: mass

text: index

text: BMI

text: measurement

text: obtained

text: by

text: dividing

text: person

text: 's

text: weight

text: by

text: the

text: square

text: of

text: the

text: person

text: 's

text: height

text: is

text: over

text: with

text: the

text: range

text: defined

text: as

text: overweight

text: Some

text: East

text: Asian

text: countries

text: use

text: lower

text: values

text: Obesity

text: increases

text: the

text: likelihood

text: of

text: various

text: diseases

text: particularly

text: heart

text: disease

text: type

text: diabetes

text: obstructive

text: sleep

text: apnea

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: cancer

text: and

text: osteoarthritis

text: Obesity

text: is

text: most

text: commonly

text: caused

text: by

text: combination

text: of

text: excessive

text: food

text: intake

text: lack

text: of

text: physical

text: activity

text: and

text: genetic

text: susceptibility

text: few

text: cases

text: are

text: caused

text: primarily

text: by

text: genes

text: endocrine

text: disorders

text: medications

text: or

text: mental

text: illness

text: The

text: view

text: that

text: obese

text: people

text: eat

text: little

text: yet

text: gain

text: weight

text: due

text: to

text: slow

text: metabolism

text: is

text: not

text: generally

text: supported

text: On

text: average

text: obese

text: people

text: have

text: greater

text: energy

text: expenditure

text: than

text: their

text: thin

text: counterparts

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: energy

text: required

text: to

text: maintain

text: an

text: increased

text: body

text: mass

text: Obesity

text: is

text: mostly

text: preventable

text: through

text: combination

text: of

text: social

text: changes

text: and

text: personal

text: choices

text: Changes

text: to

text: diet

text: and

text: exercising

text: are

text: the

text: main

text: treatments

text: Diet

text: quality

text: can

text: be

text: improved

text: by

text: reducing

text: the

text: consumption

text: of

text: energy

text: dense

text: foods

text: such

text: as

text: those

text: high

text: in

text: fat

text: and

text: sugars

text: and

text: by

text: increasing

text: the

text: intake

text: of

text: dietary

text: fiber

text: Medications

text: may

text: be

text: taken

text: along

text: with

text: suitable

text: diet

text: to

text: reduce

text: appetite

text: or

text: decrease

text: fat

text: absorption

text: If

text: diet

text: exercise

text: and

text: medication

text: are

text: not

text: effective

text: gastric

text: balloon

text: or

text: surgery

text: may

text: be

text: performed

text: to

text: reduce

text: stomach

text: volume

text: or

text: bowel

text: length

text: leading

text: to

text: feeling

text: full

text: earlier

text: or

text: reduced

text: ability

text: to

text: absorb

text: nutrients

text: from

text: food

text: Obesity

text: is

text: leading

text: preventable

text: cause

text: of

text: death

text: worldwide

text: with

text: increasing

text: rates

text: in

text: adults

text: and

text: children

text: In

text: million

text: adults

text: and

text: million

text: children

text: under

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: five

text: were

text: obese

text: Obesity

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: in

text: women

text: than

text: men

text: Authorities

text: view

text: it

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: serious

text: public

text: health

text: problems

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: Obesity

text: is

text: stigmatized

text: in

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: modern

text: world

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: though

text: it

text: was

text: seen

text: as

text: symbol

text: of

text: wealth

text: and

text: fertility

text: at

text: other

text: times

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: still

text: is

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: the

text: American

text: Medical

text: Association

text: classified

text: obesity

text: as

text: disease

text: Harvey Williams Cushing (April 8, 1869  October 7, 1939) was an American neurosurgeon. A pioneer of brain surgery, he was the first person to describe Cushing's disease. Together with Ernest Sachs, he is known as the "father of neurosurgery."

text: Harvey

text: Williams

text: Cushing

text: April

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: neurosurgeon

text: pioneer

text: of

text: brain

text: surgery

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: person

text: to

text: describe

text: Cushing

text: 's

text: disease

text: Together

text: with

text: Ernest

text: Sachs

text: he

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: father

text: of

text: neurosurgery

text:
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Not all tumors are cancerous; benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements. While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes. Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.
Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths. Another 10% is due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity and drinking alcohol. Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants. In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human papillomavirus (HPV). These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell. Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops. Approximately 510% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents. Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests. It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.
Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, not drinking too much alcohol, eating plenty of vegetables, fruits and whole grains, vaccination against certain infectious diseases, not eating too much processed and red meat, and avoiding too much sunlight exposure. Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial. Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Pain and symptom management are an important part of care. Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease. The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment. In children under 15 at diagnosis the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80%. For cancer in the United States the average five-year survival rate is 66%.
In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally (not including skin cancer other than melanoma). It caused about 8.2 million deaths or 14.6% of human deaths. The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer. In females, the most common types are breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and cervical cancer. If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40% of cases. In children, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often. In 2012, about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer. The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world. The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of 2010.
Definitions.
Cancers are a large family of diseases that involve abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. They form a subset of neoplasms. A neoplasm or tumor is a group of cells that have undergone unregulated growth and will often form a mass or lump, but may be distributed diffusely.

text: Cancer

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: diseases

text: involving

text: abnormal

text: cell

text: growth

text: with

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: invade

text: or

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: Not

text: all

text: tumors

text: are

text: cancerous

text: benign

text: tumors

text: do

text: not

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: Possible

text: signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: include

text: lump

text: abnormal

text: bleeding

text: prolonged

text: cough

text: unexplained

text: weight

text: loss

text: and

text: change

text: in

text: bowel

text: movements

text: While

text: these

text: symptoms

text: may

text: indicate

text: cancer

text: they

text: may

text: have

text: other

text: causes

text: Over

text: types

text: of

text: cancers

text: affect

text: humans

text: Tobacco

text: use

text: is

text: the

text: cause

text: of

text: about

text: of

text: cancer

text: deaths

text: Another

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: obesity

text: poor

text: diet

text: lack

text: of

text: physical

text: activity

text: and

text: drinking

text: alcohol

text: Other

text: factors

text: include

text: certain

text: infections

text: exposure

text: to

text: ionizing

text: radiation

text: and

text: environmental

text: pollutants

text: In

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: nearly

text: of

text: cancers

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: infections

text: such

text: as

text: hepatitis

text: hepatitis

text: and

text: human

text: papillomavirus

text: HPV

text: These

text: factors

text: act

text: at

text: least

text: partly

text: by

text: changing

text: the

text: genes

text: of

text: cell

text: Typically

text: many

text: genetic

text: changes

text: are

text: required

text: before

text: cancer

text: develops

text: Approximately

text: of

text: cancers

text: are

text: due

text: to

text: inherited

text: genetic

text: defects

text: from

text: person

text: 's

text: parents

text: Cancer

text: can

text: be

text: detected

text: by

text: certain

text: signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: or

text: screening

text: tests

text: It

text: is

text: then

text: typically

text: further

text: investigated

text: by

text: medical

text: imaging

text: and

text: confirmed

text: by

text: biopsy

text: Many

text: cancers

text: can

text: be

text: prevented

text: by

text: not

text: smoking

text: maintaining

text: healthy

text: weight

text: not

text: drinking

text: too

text: much

text: alcohol

text: eating

text: plenty

text: of

text: vegetables

text: fruits

text: and

text: whole

text: grains

text: vaccination

text: against

text: certain

text: infectious

text: diseases

text: not

text: eating

text: too

text: much

text: processed

text: and

text: red

text: meat

text: and

text: avoiding

text: too

text: much

text: sunlight

text: exposure

text: Early

text: detection

text: through

text: screening

text: is

text: useful

text: for

text: cervical

text: and

text: colorectal

text: cancer

text: The

text: benefits

text: of

text: screening

text: in

text: breast

text: cancer

text: are

text: controversial

text: Cancer

text: is

text: often

text: treated

text: with

text: some

text: combination

text: of

text: radiation

text: therapy

text: surgery

text: chemotherapy

text: and

text: targeted

text: therapy

text: Pain

text: and

text: symptom

text: management

text: are

text: an

text: important

text: part

text: of

text: care

text: Palliative

text: care

text: is

text: particularly

text: important

text: in

text: people

text: with

text: advanced

text: disease

text: The

text: chance

text: of

text: survival

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: type

text: of

text: cancer

text: and

text: extent

text: of

text: disease

text: at

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: treatment

text: In

text: children

text: under

text: at

text: diagnosis

text: the

text: five

text: year

text: survival

text: rate

text: in

text: the

text: developed

text: world

text: is

text: on

text: average

text: For

text: cancer

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: the

text: average

text: five

text: year

text: survival

text: rate

text: is

text: In

text: about

text: million

text: new

text: cases

text: of

text: cancer

text: occurred

text: globally

text: not

text: including

text: skin

text: cancer

text: other

text: than

text: melanoma

text: It

text: caused

text: about

text: million

text: deaths

text: or

text: of

text: human

text: deaths

text: The

text: most

text: common

text: types

text: of

text: cancer

text: in

text: males

text: are

text: lung

text: cancer

text: prostate

text: cancer

text: colorectal

text: cancer

text: and

text: stomach

text: cancer

text: In

text: females

text: the

text: most

text: common

text: types

text: are

text: breast

text: cancer

text: colorectal

text: cancer

text: lung

text: cancer

text: and

text: cervical

text: cancer

text: If

text: skin

text: cancer

text: other

text: than

text: melanoma

text: were

text: included

text: in

text: total

text: new

text: cancers

text: each

text: year

text: it

text: would

text: account

text: for

text: around

text: of

text: cases

text: In

text: children

text: acute

text: lymphoblastic

text: leukaemia

text: and

text: brain

text: tumors

text: are

text: most

text: common

text: except

text: in

text: Africa

text: where

text: non

text: Hodgkin

text: lymphoma

text: occurs

text: more

text: often

text: In

text: about

text: children

text: under

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: were

text: diagnosed

text: with

text: cancer

text: The

text: risk

text: of

text: cancer

text: increases

text: significantly

text: with

text: age

text: and

text: many

text: cancers

text: occur

text: more

text: commonly

text: in

text: developed

text: countries

text: Rates

text: are

text: increasing

text: as

text: more

text: people

text: live

text: to

text: an

text: old

text: age

text: and

text: as

text: lifestyle

text: changes

text: occur

text: in

text: the

text: developing

text: world

text: The

text: financial

text: costs

text: of

text: cancer

text: were

text: estimated

text: at

text: trillion

text: US

text: dollars

text: per

text: year

text: as

text: of

text: Definitions

text: Cancers

text: are

text: large

text: family

text: of

text: diseases

text: that

text: involve

text: abnormal

text: cell

text: growth

text: with

text: the

text: potential

text: to

text: invade

text: or

text: spread

text: to

text: other

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: They

text: form

text: subset

text: of

text: neoplasms

text: neoplasm

text: or

text: tumor

text: is

text: group

text: of

text: cells

text: that

text: have

text: undergone

text: unregulated

text: growth

text: and

text: will

text: often

text: form

text: mass

text: or

text: lump

text: but

text: may

text: be

text: distributed

text: diffusely

text:
The endocrine system is the collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs. The phenomenon of biochemical processes' serving to regulate distant tissues by means of secretions directly into the circulatory system is called endocrine signaling. The major endocrine glands include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and adrenal glands. The endocrine system is in contrast to the exocrine system, which secretes its hormones to the outside of the body using ducts. The endocrine system is an information signal system like the nervous system, yet its effects and mechanism are classifiably different. The endocrine system's effects are slow to initiate, and prolonged in their response, lasting from a few hours up to weeks. The nervous system sends information very quickly, and responses are generally short lived. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems. The field of study dealing with the endocrine system and its disorders is endocrinology, a branch of internal medicine.
Special features of endocrine glands are, in general, their ductless nature, their vascularity, and commonly the presence of intracellular vacuoles or granules that store their hormones. In contrast, exocrine glands, such as salivary glands, sweat glands, and glands within the gastrointestinal tract, tend to be much less vascular and have ducts or a hollow lumen.

text: The

text: endocrine

text: system

text: is

text: the

text: collection

text: of

text: glands

text: of

text: an

text: organism

text: that

text: secrete

text: hormones

text: directly

text: into

text: the

text: circulatory

text: system

text: to

text: be

text: carried

text: towards

text: distant

text: target

text: organs

text: The

text: phenomenon

text: of

text: biochemical

text: processes

text: serving

text: to

text: regulate

text: distant

text: tissues

text: by

text: means

text: of

text: secretions

text: directly

text: into

text: the

text: circulatory

text: system

text: is

text: called

text: endocrine

text: signaling

text: The

text: major

text: endocrine

text: glands

text: include

text: the

text: pineal

text: gland

text: pituitary

text: gland

text: pancreas

text: ovaries

text: testes

text: thyroid

text: gland

text: parathyroid

text: gland

text: and

text: adrenal

text: glands

text: The

text: endocrine

text: system

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: the

text: exocrine

text: system

text: which

text: secretes

text: its

text: hormones

text: to

text: the

text: outside

text: of

text: the

text: body

text: using

text: ducts

text: The

text: endocrine

text: system

text: is

text: an

text: information

text: signal

text: system

text: like

text: the

text: nervous

text: system

text: yet

text: its

text: effects

text: and

text: mechanism

text: are

text: classifiably

text: different

text: The

text: endocrine

text: system

text: 's

text: effects

text: are

text: slow

text: to

text: initiate

text: and

text: prolonged

text: in

text: their

text: response

text: lasting

text: from

text: few

text: hours

text: up

text: to

text: weeks

text: The

text: nervous

text: system

text: sends

text: information

text: very

text: quickly

text: and

text: responses

text: are

text: generally

text: short

text: lived

text: In

text: vertebrates

text: the

text: hypothalamus

text: is

text: the

text: neural

text: control

text: center

text: for

text: all

text: endocrine

text: systems

text: The

text: field

text: of

text: study

text: dealing

text: with

text: the

text: endocrine

text: system

text: and

text: its

text: disorders

text: is

text: endocrinology

text: branch

text: of

text: internal

text: medicine

text: Special

text: features

text: of

text: endocrine

text: glands

text: are

text: in

text: general

text: their

text: ductless

text: nature

text: their

text: vascularity

text: and

text: commonly

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: intracellular

text: vacuoles

text: or

text: granules

text: that

text: store

text: their

text: hormones

text: In

text: contrast

text: exocrine

text: glands

text: such

text: as

text: salivary

text: glands

text: sweat

text: glands

text: and

text: glands

text: within

text: the

text: gastrointestinal

text: tract

text: tend

text: to

text: be

text: much

text: less

text: vascular

text: and

text: have

text: ducts

text: or

text: hollow

text: lumen

text: Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent (which almost always involves combinations of drugs), or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms (palliative chemotherapy). Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of medical oncology (the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer).

text: Chemotherapy

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: chemo

text: and

text: sometimes

text: CTX

text: or

text: CTx

text: is

text: category

text: of

text: cancer

text: treatment

text: that

text: uses

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: anti

text: cancer

text: drugs

text: chemotherapeutic

text: agents

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: standardized

text: chemotherapy

text: regimen

text: Chemotherapy

text: may

text: be

text: given

text: with

text: curative

text: intent

text: which

text: almost

text: always

text: involves

text: combinations

text: of

text: drugs

text: or

text: it

text: may

text: aim

text: to

text: prolong

text: life

text: or

text: to

text: reduce

text: symptoms

text: palliative

text: chemotherapy

text: Chemotherapy

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: categories

text: of

text: medical

text: oncology

text: the

text: medical

text: discipline

text: specifically

text: devoted

text: to

text: pharmacotherapy

text: for

text: cancer

text: In medicine, an adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention such as surgery.

text: In

text: medicine

text: an

text: adverse

text: effect

text: is

text: an

text: undesired

text: harmful

text: effect

text: resulting

text: from

text: medication

text: or

text: other

text: intervention

text: such

text: as

text: surgery

text: Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant drug. It is used to treat certain inflammatory diseases (such as moderate allergic reactions), some autoimmune diseases, and (at higher doses) some types of cancer, but it has significant adverse effects.

text: Prednisone

text: is

text: synthetic

text: corticosteroid

text: drug

text: that

text: is

text: particularly

text: effective

text: as

text: an

text: immunosuppressant

text: drug

text: It

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: treat

text: certain

text: inflammatory

text: diseases

text: such

text: as

text: moderate

text: allergic

text: reactions

text: some

text: autoimmune

text: diseases

text: and

text: at

text: higher

text: doses

text: some

text: types

text: of

text: cancer

text: but

text: it

text: has

text: significant

text: adverse

text: effects

text: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1 syndrome) or Wermer's syndrome is part of a group of disorders, the multiple endocrine neoplasias, that affect the endocrine system through development of neoplastic lesions in pituitary, parathyroid gland and pancreas.

text: Multiple

text: endocrine

text: neoplasia

text: type

text: syndrome

text: or

text: Wermer

text: 's

text: syndrome

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: group

text: of

text: disorders

text: the

text: multiple

text: endocrine

text: neoplasias

text: that

text: affect

text: the

text: endocrine

text: system

text: through

text: development

text: of

text: neoplastic

text: lesions

text: in

text: pituitary

text: parathyroid

text: gland

text: and

text: pancreas

text: Pharmacotherapy is therapy using pharmaceutical drugs, as distinguished from therapy using surgery (surgical therapy), radiation (radiation therapy), movement (physical therapy), or other modes. Among physicians, sometimes the term medical therapy refers specifically to pharmacotherapy as opposed to surgical or other therapy; for example, in oncology, medical oncology is thus distinguished from surgical oncology.

text: Pharmacotherapy

text: is

text: therapy

text: using

text: pharmaceutical

text: drugs

text: as

text: distinguished

text: from

text: therapy

text: using

text: surgery

text: surgical

text: therapy

text: radiation

text: radiation

text: therapy

text: movement

text: physical

text: therapy

text: or

text: other

text: modes

text: Among

text: physicians

text: sometimes

text: the

text: term

text: medical

text: therapy

text: refers

text: specifically

text: to

text: pharmacotherapy

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: surgical

text: or

text: other

text: therapy

text: for

text: example

text: in

text: oncology

text: medical

text: oncology

text: is

text: thus

text: distinguished

text: from

text: surgical

text: oncology

text: Cushing 's syndrome is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to cortisol . Signs and symptoms may include : high blood pressure , abdominal obesity but with thin arms and legs , reddish stretch marks , a round red face , a fat lump between the shoulders , weak muscles , weak bones , acne , and fragile skin that heals poorly . Women may have more hair and irregular menstruation . Occasionally there may be changes in mood , headaches , and a chronic feeling of tiredness . Cushing 's syndrome is caused by either excessive cortisol - like medication such as prednisone or a tumor that either produces or results in the production of excessive cortisol by the adrenal glands . Cases due to a pituitary adenoma are known as Cushing 's disease . It is the second most common cause of Cushing 's syndrome after medication . A number of other tumors may also cause Cushing 's . Some of these are associated with inherited disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Carney complex . Diagnosis requires a number of steps . The first step is to check the medications a person takes . The second step is to measure levels of cortisol in the urine , saliva or in the blood after taking dexamethasone . If this test is abnormal , the cortisol may be measured late at night . If the cortisol remains high , a blood test for ACTH may be done to determine if the pituitary is involved . Most cases can be treated and cured . If due to medications , these can often be slowly stopped . If caused by a tumor , it may be treated by a combination of surgery , chemotherapy , and / or radiation . If the pituitary was affected , other medications may be required to replace its lost function . With treatment , life expectancy is usually normal . Some in whom surgery is unable to remove the entire tumor have an increased risk of death . About two to three people per million are affected each year . It most commonly affects people who are 20 to 50 years of age . Women are affected three times more often than men . A mild degree of overproduction of cortisol without obvious symptoms , however , is more common . Cushing 's syndrome was first described by Harvey Cushing in 1932 . Cushing 's syndrome may also occur in other animals including cats , dogs , and horses .

text: Cushing

text: 's

text: syndrome

text: is

text: collection

text: of

text: signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: due

text: to

text: prolonged

text: exposure

text: to

text: cortisol

text: Signs

text: and

text: symptoms

text: may

text: include

text: high

text: blood

text: pressure

text: abdominal

text: obesity

text: but

text: with

text: thin

text: arms

text: and

text: legs

text: reddish

text: stretch

text: marks

text: round

text: red

text: face

text: fat

text: lump

text: between

text: the

text: shoulders

text: weak

text: muscles

text: weak

text: bones

text: acne

text: and

text: fragile

text: skin

text: that

text: heals

text: poorly

text: Women

text: may

text: have

text: more

text: hair

text: and

text: irregular

text: menstruation

text: Occasionally

text: there

text: may

text: be

text: changes

text: in

text: mood

text: headaches

text: and

text: chronic

text: feeling

text: of

text: tiredness

text: Cushing

text: 's

text: syndrome

text: is

text: caused

text: by

text: either

text: excessive

text: cortisol

text: like

text: medication

text: such

text: as

text: prednisone

text: or

text: tumor

text: that

text: either

text: produces

text: or

text: results

text: in

text: the

text: production

text: of

text: excessive

text: cortisol

text: by

text: the

text: adrenal

text: glands

text: Cases

text: due

text: to

text: pituitary

text: adenoma

text: are

text: known

text: as

text: Cushing

text: 's

text: disease

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: common

text: cause

text: of

text: Cushing

text: 's

text: syndrome

text: after

text: medication

text: number

text: of

text: other

text: tumors

text: may

text: also

text: cause

text: Cushing

text: 's

text: Some

text: of

text: these

text: are

text: associated

text: with

text: inherited

text: disorders

text: such

text: as

text: multiple

text: endocrine

text: neoplasia

text: type

text: and

text: Carney

text: complex

text: Diagnosis

text: requires

text: number

text: of

text: steps

text: The

text: first

text: step

text: is

text: to

text: check

text: the

text: medications

text: person

text: takes

text: The

text: second

text: step

text: is

text: to

text: measure

text: levels

text: of

text: cortisol

text: in

text: the

text: urine

text: saliva

text: or

text: in

text: the

text: blood

text: after

text: taking

text: dexamethasone

text: If

text: this

text: test

text: is

text: abnormal

text: the

text: cortisol

text: may

text: be

text: measured

text: late

text: at

text: night

text: If

text: the

text: cortisol

text: remains

text: high

text: blood

text: test

text: for

text: ACTH

text: may

text: be

text: done

text: to

text: determine

text: if

text: the

text: pituitary

text: is

text: involved

text: Most

text: cases

text: can

text: be

text: treated

text: and

text: cured

text: If

text: due

text: to

text: medications

text: these

text: can

text: often

text: be

text: slowly

text: stopped

text: If

text: caused

text: by

text: tumor

text: it

text: may

text: be

text: treated

text: by

text: combination

text: of

text: surgery

text: chemotherapy

text: and

text: or

text: radiation

text: If

text: the

text: pituitary

text: was

text: affected

text: other

text: medications

text: may

text: be

text: required

text: to

text: replace

text: its

text: lost

text: function

text: With

text: treatment

text: life

text: expectancy

text: is

text: usually

text: normal

text: Some

text: in

text: whom

text: surgery

text: is

text: unable

text: to

text: remove

text: the

text: entire

text: tumor

text: have

text: an

text: increased

text: risk

text: of

text: death

text: About

text: two

text: to

text: three

text: people

text: per

text: million

text: are

text: affected

text: each

text: year

text: It

text: most

text: commonly

text: affects

text: people

text: who

text: are

text: to

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: Women

text: are

text: affected

text: three

text: times

text: more

text: often

text: than

text: men

text: mild

text: degree

text: of

text: overproduction

text: of

text: cortisol

text: without

text: obvious

text: symptoms

text: however

text: is

text: more

text: common

text: Cushing

text: 's

text: syndrome

text: was

text: first

text: described

text: by

text: Harvey

text: Cushing

text: in

text: Cushing

text: 's

text: syndrome

text: may

text: also

text: occur

text: in

text: other

text: animals

text: including

text: cats

text: dogs

text: and

text: horses

text: Abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity, is when excessive abdominal fat around the stomach and abdomen has built up to the extent that it is likely to have a negative impact on health. There is a strong correlation between central obesity and cardiovascular disease. Abdominal obesity is not confined only to the elderly and obese subjects. Abdominal obesity has been linked to Alzheimer's disease as well as other metabolic and vascular diseases.

text: Abdominal

text: obesity

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: central

text: obesity

text: is

text: when

text: excessive

text: abdominal

text: fat

text: around

text: the

text: stomach

text: and

text: abdomen

text: has

text: built

text: up

text: to

text: the

text: extent

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: likely

text: to

text: have

text: negative

text: impact

text: on

text: health

text: There

text: is

text: strong

text: correlation

text: between

text: central

text: obesity

text: and

text: cardiovascular

text: disease

text: Abdominal

text: obesity

text: is

text: not

text: confined

text: only

text: to

text: the

text: elderly

text: and

text: obese

text: subjects

text: Abdominal

text: obesity

text: has

text: been

text: linked

text: to

text: Alzheimer

text: 's

text: disease

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: metabolic

text: and

text: vascular

text: diseases

annotations: likely multiple

question: medical_specialty cushing's syndrome

answer: endocrinology

text: endocrinology


text: Frank Russell Capra (born Francesco Rosario Capra; May 18, 1897September 3, 1991) was an Italian-American film director, producer and writer who became the creative force behind some of the major award-winning films of the 1930s and 1940s. Born in Italy and raised in Los Angeles from the age of five, his rags-to-riches story has led film historians such as Ian Freer to consider him the "American dream personified."

text: Frank

text: Russell

text: Capra

text: born

text: Francesco

text: Rosario

text: Capra

text: May

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: American

text: film

text: director

text: producer

text: and

text: writer

text: who

text: became

text: the

text: creative

text: force

text: behind

text: some

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: award

text: winning

text: films

text: of

text: the

text: and

text: Born

text: in

text: Italy

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: from

text: the

text: age

text: of

text: five

text: his

text: rags

text: to

text: riches

text: story

text: has

text: led

text: film

text: historians

text: such

text: as

text: Ian

text: Freer

text: to

text: consider

text: him

text: the

text: American

text: dream

text: personified

text:
An airship or dirigible balloon is a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power. Aerostats gain their lift from large gas bags filled with a lifting gas that is less dense than the surrounding air.
In early dirigibles, the lifting gas used was hydrogen, due to its high lifting capacity and ready availability. Helium gas has almost the same lifting capacity and is not flammable, unlike hydrogen, but is rare and relatively expensive. Significant amounts were first discovered in the United States and for a while helium was only used for airships by the United States. Most airships built since the 1960s have used helium, though some have used hot air.

text: An

text: airship

text: or

text: dirigible

text: balloon

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: aerostat

text: or

text: lighter

text: than

text: air

text: aircraft

text: that

text: can

text: navigate

text: through

text: the

text: air

text: under

text: its

text: own

text: power

text: Aerostats

text: gain

text: their

text: lift

text: from

text: large

text: gas

text: bags

text: filled

text: with

text: lifting

text: gas

text: that

text: is

text: less

text: dense

text: than

text: the

text: surrounding

text: air

text: In

text: early

text: dirigibles

text: the

text: lifting

text: gas

text: used

text: was

text: hydrogen

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: high

text: lifting

text: capacity

text: and

text: ready

text: availability

text: Helium

text: gas

text: has

text: almost

text: the

text: same

text: lifting

text: capacity

text: and

text: is

text: not

text: flammable

text: unlike

text: hydrogen

text: but

text: is

text: rare

text: and

text: relatively

text: expensive

text: Significant

text: amounts

text: were

text: first

text: discovered

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: for

text: while

text: helium

text: was

text: only

text: used

text: for

text: airships

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Most

text: airships

text: built

text: since

text: the

text: have

text: used

text: helium

text: though

text: some

text: have

text: used

text: hot

text: air

text: Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years. The press coined the term "love goddess" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s. She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.

text: Rita

text: Hayworth

text: born

text: Margarita

text: Carmen

text: Cansino

text: October

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: actress

text: and

text: dancer

text: She

text: achieved

text: fame

text: during

text: the

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: era

text: 's

text: top

text: stars

text: appearing

text: in

text: total

text: of

text: films

text: over

text: years

text: The

text: press

text: coined

text: the

text: term

text: love

text: goddess

text: to

text: describe

text: Hayworth

text: after

text: she

text: had

text: become

text: the

text: most

text: glamorous

text: screen

text: idol

text: of

text: the

text: She

text: was

text: the

text: top

text: pin

text: up

text: girl

text: for

text: GIs

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: Vina Fay Wray (September 15, 1907  August 8, 2004) was a Canadian/American actress most noted for playing the female lead in "King Kong". Through an acting career that spanned 57 years, Wray attained international renown as an actress in horror movie roles. She was one of the first "scream queens".

text: Vina

text: Fay

text: Wray

text: September

text: August

text: was

text: Canadian

text: American

text: actress

text: most

text: noted

text: for

text: playing

text: the

text: female

text: lead

text: in

text: King

text: Kong

text: Through

text: an

text: acting

text: career

text: that

text: spanned

text: years

text: Wray

text: attained

text: international

text: renown

text: as

text: an

text: actress

text: in

text: horror

text: movie

text: roles

text: She

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: scream

text: queens

text: Catherine Rosalind Russell (June 4, 1907  November 28, 1976) was an American actress of stage and screen, known for her role as fast-talking newspaper reporter Hildy Johnson in the Howard Hawks screwball comedy "His Girl Friday" (1940), as well as for her portrayals of Mame Dennis in "Auntie Mame" (1958) and Rose in "Gypsy" (1962). A noted comedian, she won all five Golden Globes for which she was nominated. Russell won a Tony Award in 1953 for Best Performance by an Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Ruth in the Broadway show "Wonderful Town" (a musical based on the film "My Sister Eileen", in which she also starred). She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress four times throughout her career.

text: Catherine

text: Rosalind

text: Russell

text: June

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: actress

text: of

text: stage

text: and

text: screen

text: known

text: for

text: her

text: role

text: as

text: fast

text: talking

text: newspaper

text: reporter

text: Hildy

text: Johnson

text: in

text: the

text: Howard

text: Hawks

text: screwball

text: comedy

text: His

text: Girl

text: Friday

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: for

text: her

text: portrayals

text: of

text: Mame

text: Dennis

text: in

text: Auntie

text: Mame

text: and

text: Rose

text: in

text: Gypsy

text: noted

text: comedian

text: she

text: won

text: all

text: five

text: Golden

text: Globes

text: for

text: which

text: she

text: was

text: nominated

text: Russell

text: won

text: Tony

text: Award

text: in

text: for

text: Best

text: Performance

text: by

text: an

text: Actress

text: in

text: Musical

text: for

text: her

text: portrayal

text: of

text: Ruth

text: in

text: the

text: Broadway

text: show

text: Wonderful

text: Town

text: musical

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: film

text: My

text: Sister

text: Eileen

text: in

text: which

text: she

text: also

text: starred

text: She

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: the

text: Academy

text: Award

text: for

text: Best

text: Actress

text: four

text: times

text: throughout

text: her

text: career

text: Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (known professionally as Sony Pictures Entertainment and Sony Pictures and abbreviated as SPE) is an American entertainment company that produces, acquires and distributes filmed entertainment (theatrical motion pictures, television programs and recorded videos) through multiple platforms. It operates as a subsidiary of Sony Entertainment Inc., which is the parent company for both the music and motion picture businesses of Sony Corporation. Based in Culver City, California, it encompasses Sony's motion picture, television production and distribution units. Its group sales in the fiscal year 2015 (April 2015-March 2016) has been reported to be of $8.3 billion.

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Entertainment

text: Inc.

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Entertainment

text: and

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: and

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: SPE

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: entertainment

text: company

text: that

text: produces

text: acquires

text: and

text: distributes

text: filmed

text: entertainment

text: theatrical

text: motion

text: pictures

text: television

text: programs

text: and

text: recorded

text: videos

text: through

text: multiple

text: platforms

text: It

text: operates

text: as

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Sony

text: Entertainment

text: Inc.

text: which

text: is

text: the

text: parent

text: company

text: for

text: both

text: the

text: music

text: and

text: motion

text: picture

text: businesses

text: of

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: Based

text: in

text: Culver

text: City

text: California

text: it

text: encompasses

text: Sony

text: 's

text: motion

text: picture

text: television

text: production

text: and

text: distribution

text: units

text: Its

text: group

text: sales

text: in

text: the

text: fiscal

text: year

text: April

text: has

text: been

text: reported

text: to

text: be

text: of

text: billion

text: The Sony Pictures Entertainment Motion Picture Group (commonly known as the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group and formerly known as the Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group until 2013 and abbreviated as SPMPG) is a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment to manage its motion picture operations. It was launched in 1998 by integrating businesses of Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. and TriStar Pictures, Inc.

text: The

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Entertainment

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Group

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Group

text: and

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Columbia

text: TriStar

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Group

text: until

text: and

text: abbreviated

text: as

text: SPMPG

text: is

text: division

text: of

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Entertainment

text: to

text: manage

text: its

text: motion

text: picture

text: operations

text: It

text: was

text: launched

text: in

text: by

text: integrating

text: businesses

text: of

text: Columbia

text: Pictures

text: Industries

text: Inc.

text: and

text: TriStar

text: Pictures

text: Inc.

text: Because of Archimedes' principle, a lifting gas is required for aerostats to create buoyancy. Its density is lower than that of air (about 1.29 kg/m, 1.29 g/L). Only certain lighter than air gases are suitable as lifting gases.

text: Because

text: of

text: Archimedes

text: principle

text: lifting

text: gas

text: is

text: required

text: for

text: aerostats

text: to

text: create

text: buoyancy

text: Its

text: density

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: that

text: of

text: air

text: about

text: kg

text: Only

text: certain

text: lighter

text: than

text: air

text: gases

text: are

text: suitable

text: as

text: lifting

text: gases

text: An aircraft is a machine that is able to fly by gaining support from the air. It counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines.

text: An

text: aircraft

text: is

text: machine

text: that

text: is

text: able

text: to

text: fly

text: by

text: gaining

text: support

text: from

text: the

text: air

text: It

text: counters

text: the

text: force

text: of

text: gravity

text: by

text: using

text: either

text: static

text: lift

text: or

text: by

text: using

text: the

text: dynamic

text: lift

text: of

text: an

text: airfoil

text: or

text: in

text: few

text: cases

text: the

text: downward

text: thrust

text: from

text: jet

text: engines

text: An aerostat (From Greek  "aer" (air) +  "statos" (standing) through French) is a lighter than air craft that gains its lift through the use of a buoyant gas. Aerostats include unpowered balloons and powered airships. A balloon may be free-flying or tethered. The average density of the craft is lower than the density of atmospheric air, because its main component is one or more gasbags, a lightweight skin containing a lifting gas to provide buoyancy, to which other components such as a gondola containing equipment or people are attached. Especially with airships, the gasbags are often protected by an outer envelope.

text: An

text: aerostat

text: From

text: Greek

text: aer

text: air

text: statos

text: standing

text: through

text: French

text: is

text: lighter

text: than

text: air

text: craft

text: that

text: gains

text: its

text: lift

text: through

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: buoyant

text: gas

text: Aerostats

text: include

text: unpowered

text: balloons

text: and

text: powered

text: airships

text: balloon

text: may

text: be

text: free

text: flying

text: or

text: tethered

text: The

text: average

text: density

text: of

text: the

text: craft

text: is

text: lower

text: than

text: the

text: density

text: of

text: atmospheric

text: air

text: because

text: its

text: main

text: component

text: is

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: gasbags

text: lightweight

text: skin

text: containing

text: lifting

text: gas

text: to

text: provide

text: buoyancy

text: to

text: which

text: other

text: components

text: such

text: as

text: gondola

text: containing

text: equipment

text: or

text: people

text: are

text: attached

text: Especially

text: with

text: airships

text: the

text: gasbags

text: are

text: often

text: protected

text: by

text: an

text: outer

text: envelope

text: A scream queen is an actress who has become associated with horror films, either through an appearance in a notable entry in the genre as a frequent victim or through constant appearances as the female protagonist. Jamie Lee Curtis is noted as a seminal example for her performances in the popular slasher films of the "Halloween" franchise. In recent years, the male counterpart has been labeled a scream king.

text: scream

text: queen

text: is

text: an

text: actress

text: who

text: has

text: become

text: associated

text: with

text: horror

text: films

text: either

text: through

text: an

text: appearance

text: in

text: notable

text: entry

text: in

text: the

text: genre

text: as

text: frequent

text: victim

text: or

text: through

text: constant

text: appearances

text: as

text: the

text: female

text: protagonist

text: Jamie

text: Lee

text: Curtis

text: is

text: noted

text: as

text: seminal

text: example

text: for

text: her

text: performances

text: in

text: the

text: popular

text: slasher

text: films

text: of

text: the

text: Halloween

text: franchise

text: In

text: recent

text: years

text: the

text: male

text: counterpart

text: has

text: been

text: labeled

text: scream

text: king

text: Ralph Graves (January 23, 1900  February 18, 1977) was an American screenwriter, film director and actor who appeared in 93 films between 1918 and 1949.

text: Ralph

text: Graves

text: January

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: screenwriter

text: film

text: director

text: and

text: actor

text: who

text: appeared

text: in

text: films

text: between

text: and

text: Dirigible is a 1931 American Pre-Code adventure film directed by Frank Capra for Columbia Pictures and starring Jack Holt , Ralph Graves and Fay Wray . The picture focuses on the competition between naval fixed - wing and airship pilots to reach the South Pole by air . The female lead is assigned to Fay Wray , while the action scenes are handled by stars Jack Holt and Ralph Graves , who also played fliers two years earlier in Capra 's 1929 airborne adventure , Flight . This film had been intended to emulate the success of 1927 's Wings , another production with a very similar plot . Dirigible was characterized as `` marginally science fictional '' by scifilm.org . ( Capra later planned to make a fully science fictional movie but was never able to . )

text: Dirigible

text: is

text: American

text: Pre

text: Code

text: adventure

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Frank

text: Capra

text: for

text: Columbia

text: Pictures

text: and

text: starring

text: Jack

text: Holt

text: Ralph

text: Graves

text: and

text: Fay

text: Wray

text: The

text: picture

text: focuses

text: on

text: the

text: competition

text: between

text: naval

text: fixed

text: wing

text: and

text: airship

text: pilots

text: to

text: reach

text: the

text: South

text: Pole

text: by

text: air

text: The

text: female

text: lead

text: is

text: assigned

text: to

text: Fay

text: Wray

text: while

text: the

text: action

text: scenes

text: are

text: handled

text: by

text: stars

text: Jack

text: Holt

text: and

text: Ralph

text: Graves

text: who

text: also

text: played

text: fliers

text: two

text: years

text: earlier

text: in

text: Capra

text: 's

text: airborne

text: adventure

text: Flight

text: This

text: film

text: had

text: been

text: intended

text: to

text: emulate

text: the

text: success

text: of

text: 's

text: Wings

text: another

text: production

text: with

text: very

text: similar

text: plot

text: Dirigible

text: was

text: characterized

text: as

text: marginally

text: science

text: fictional

text: by

text: scifilm.org

text: Capra

text: later

text: planned

text: to

text: make

text: fully

text: science

text: fictional

text: movie

text: but

text: was

text: never

text: able

text: to

text: A film director is a person who directs the making of a film. Generally, a film director controls a film's artistic and dramatic aspects, and visualizes the script while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision. The director has a key role in choosing the cast members, production design, and the creative aspects of filmmaking. Under European Union law, the director is viewed as the author of the film.

text: film

text: director

text: is

text: person

text: who

text: directs

text: the

text: making

text: of

text: film

text: Generally

text: film

text: director

text: controls

text: film

text: 's

text: artistic

text: and

text: dramatic

text: aspects

text: and

text: visualizes

text: the

text: script

text: while

text: guiding

text: the

text: technical

text: crew

text: and

text: actors

text: in

text: the

text: fulfillment

text: of

text: that

text: vision

text: The

text: director

text: has

text: key

text: role

text: in

text: choosing

text: the

text: cast

text: members

text: production

text: design

text: and

text: the

text: creative

text: aspects

text: of

text: filmmaking

text: Under

text: European

text: Union

text: law

text: the

text: director

text: is

text: viewed

text: as

text: the

text: author

text: of

text: the

text: film

text: Cary Grant (born Archibald Alexander Leach; January 18, 1904  November 29, 1986) was a British-American actor, known as one of classic Hollywood's definitive leading men. He began a career in Hollywood in the early 1930s, and became known for his transatlantic accent, debonair demeanor, and light-hearted approach to acting and sense of comic timing. He became an American citizen in 1942.

text: Cary

text: Grant

text: born

text: Archibald

text: Alexander

text: Leach

text: January

text: November

text: was

text: British

text: American

text: actor

text: known

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: classic

text: Hollywood

text: 's

text: definitive

text: leading

text: men

text: He

text: began

text: career

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: and

text: became

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: transatlantic

text: accent

text: debonair

text: demeanor

text: and

text: light

text: hearted

text: approach

text: to

text: acting

text: and

text: sense

text: of

text: comic

text: timing

text: He

text: became

text: an

text: American

text: citizen

text: in

text: Harry Cohn (July 23, 1891  February 27, 1958) was the American film president, film producer and production director of Columbia Pictures Corporation.

text: Harry

text: Cohn

text: July

text: February

text: was

text: the

text: American

text: film

text: president

text: film

text: producer

text: and

text: production

text: director

text: of

text: Columbia

text: Pictures

text: Corporation

text: Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating components  electronics (video games, network services and medical business), motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment companies in the world. Sony's principal business operations include Sony Corporation, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Interactive Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Mobile (formerly Sony Ericsson) and Sony Financial. Sony is among the Semiconductor sales leaders by year and as of 2013, the fourth-largest television manufacturer in the world, after Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and TCL.

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: is

text: the

text: electronics

text: business

text: unit

text: and

text: the

text: parent

text: company

text: of

text: the

text: Sony

text: Group

text: which

text: is

text: engaged

text: in

text: business

text: through

text: its

text: four

text: operating

text: components

text: electronics

text: video

text: games

text: network

text: services

text: and

text: medical

text: business

text: motion

text: pictures

text: music

text: and

text: financial

text: services

text: These

text: make

text: Sony

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: comprehensive

text: entertainment

text: companies

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Sony

text: 's

text: principal

text: business

text: operations

text: include

text: Sony

text: Corporation

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Interactive

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Music

text: Entertainment

text: Sony

text: Mobile

text: formerly

text: Sony

text: Ericsson

text: and

text: Sony

text: Financial

text: Sony

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: Semiconductor

text: sales

text: leaders

text: by

text: year

text: and

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: television

text: manufacturer

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: after

text: Samsung

text: Electronics

text: LG

text: Electronics

text: and

text: TCL

text: Ian Freer is a British non-fiction author and film magazine editor, who has written several books relating to films. His most recent work was "The Complete Spielberg", a guide to the films of Steven Spielberg.

text: Ian

text: Freer

text: is

text: British

text: non

text: fiction

text: author

text: and

text: film

text: magazine

text: editor

text: who

text: has

text: written

text: several

text: books

text: relating

text: to

text: films

text: His

text: most

text: recent

text: work

text: was

text: The

text: Complete

text: Spielberg

text: guide

text: to

text: the

text: films

text: of

text: Steven

text: Spielberg

text: Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (known professionally as Columbia Pictures and Columbia, and formerly CBC Film Sales Corporation) is an American film studio, production company and film distributor that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate Sony. The studio was founded in 1918 as Cohn-Brandt-Cohn Film Sales by brothers Jack and Harry Cohn and Jack's best friend Joe Brandt, released its first feature film in August 1922. It adopted the Columbia Pictures name in 1924, and went public two years later. Its name is derived from "Columbia", a national personification of the United States, which is used as the studio's logo. In its early years, it was a minor player in Hollywood, but began to grow in the late 1920s, spurred by a successful association with director Frank Capra. With Capra and others, Columbia became one of the primary homes of the screwball comedy. In the 1930s, Columbia's major contract stars were Jean Arthur and Cary Grant. In the 1940s, Rita Hayworth became the studio's premier star and propelled their fortunes into the late 1950s. Rosalind Russell, Glenn Ford, and William Holden also became major stars at the studio.

text: Columbia

text: Pictures

text: Industries

text: Inc.

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Columbia

text: Pictures

text: and

text: Columbia

text: and

text: formerly

text: CBC

text: Film

text: Sales

text: Corporation

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: studio

text: production

text: company

text: and

text: film

text: distributor

text: that

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Group

text: division

text: of

text: Sony

text: Entertainment

text: 's

text: Sony

text: Pictures

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: the

text: Japanese

text: conglomerate

text: Sony

text: The

text: studio

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: as

text: Cohn

text: Brandt

text: Cohn

text: Film

text: Sales

text: by

text: brothers

text: Jack

text: and

text: Harry

text: Cohn

text: and

text: Jack

text: 's

text: best

text: friend

text: Joe

text: Brandt

text: released

text: its

text: first

text: feature

text: film

text: in

text: August

text: It

text: adopted

text: the

text: Columbia

text: Pictures

text: name

text: in

text: and

text: went

text: public

text: two

text: years

text: later

text: Its

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: Columbia

text: national

text: personification

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: which

text: is

text: used

text: as

text: the

text: studio

text: 's

text: logo

text: In

text: its

text: early

text: years

text: it

text: was

text: minor

text: player

text: in

text: Hollywood

text: but

text: began

text: to

text: grow

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: spurred

text: by

text: successful

text: association

text: with

text: director

text: Frank

text: Capra

text: With

text: Capra

text: and

text: others

text: Columbia

text: became

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: primary

text: homes

text: of

text: the

text: screwball

text: comedy

text: In

text: the

text: Columbia

text: 's

text: major

text: contract

text: stars

text: were

text: Jean

text: Arthur

text: and

text: Cary

text: Grant

text: In

text: the

text: Rita

text: Hayworth

text: became

text: the

text: studio

text: 's

text: premier

text: star

text: and

text: propelled

text: their

text: fortunes

text: into

text: the

text: late

text: Rosalind

text: Russell

text: Glenn

text: Ford

text: and

text: William

text: Holden

text: also

text: became

text: major

text: stars

text: at

text: the

text: studio

question: producer dirigible

answer: harry cohn

text: harry cohn

text: harry cohn