text: Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 5th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, and is often noted as a microcosm of the entire country. The word "Illinois" comes from the Algonquin word for "tribe of superior men". With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a diverse economic base and is a major transportation hub. The Port of Chicago connects the state to other global ports from the Great Lakes, via the Saint Lawrence Seaway, to the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, via the Illinois River. For decades, O'Hare International Airport has been ranked as one of the world's busiest airports. Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics.

text: Illinois

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: midwestern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: achieving

text: statehood

text: in

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: and

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: is

text: often

text: noted

text: as

text: microcosm

text: of

text: the

text: entire

text: country

text: The

text: word

text: Illinois

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Algonquin

text: word

text: for

text: tribe

text: of

text: superior

text: men

text: With

text: Chicago

text: in

text: the

text: northeast

text: small

text: industrial

text: cities

text: and

text: great

text: agricultural

text: productivity

text: in

text: central

text: and

text: northern

text: Illinois

text: and

text: natural

text: resources

text: like

text: coal

text: timber

text: and

text: petroleum

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Illinois

text: has

text: diverse

text: economic

text: base

text: and

text: is

text: major

text: transportation

text: hub

text: The

text: Port

text: of

text: Chicago

text: connects

text: the

text: state

text: to

text: other

text: global

text: ports

text: from

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: via

text: the

text: Saint

text: Lawrence

text: Seaway

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: to

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: via

text: the

text: Illinois

text: River

text: For

text: decades

text: O'Hare

text: International

text: Airport

text: has

text: been

text: ranked

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: busiest

text: airports

text: Illinois

text: has

text: long

text: had

text: reputation

text: as

text: bellwether

text: both

text: in

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: terms

text: and

text: politics

text: West Ridge is one of 77 Chicago community areas . It is a middle - class neighborhood located on the far North Side of the City of Chicago . It is located in the 50th Ward . Also historically called North Town , and frequently referred to as West Rogers Park , it is bordered on the north by Howard Street , on the east by Ridge Boulevard , Western Avenue , and Ravenswood Avenue , the south by Bryn Mawr Avenue and Peterson Avenue , and on the west by Kedzie Avenue and the North Shore channel of the Chicago River . At one time joined with neighboring Rogers Park , it separated in the 1890s over a conflict concerning park districts ( known as the Cabbage War . ) Today West Ridge is one of Chicago 's better off communities , filled with thriving multi-ethnic culture lining Devon Avenue , historic mansions lining Ridge and Lunt Avenues , cultural institutions such as St. Scholastica Academy and one of the highest per capita incomes on the North Side of Chicago . It had been represented in the Chicago City Council by Alderman Bernard Stone from 1973 until May 2011 . On April 5 , 2011 , Alderman Debra Silverstein defeated Stone in a runoff election and now represents the 50th Ward , which encompasses West Ridge . It is home to the Midwest 's largest Hasidic community , as well as other Jewish , Irish American , German - American , Indian , Pakistani , Bangladeshi , Assyrian , Russian , and Korean immigrant communities .

text: West

text: Ridge

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Chicago

text: community

text: areas

text: It

text: is

text: middle

text: class

text: neighborhood

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: far

text: North

text: Side

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Ward

text: Also

text: historically

text: called

text: North

text: Town

text: and

text: frequently

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: West

text: Rogers

text: Park

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Howard

text: Street

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Ridge

text: Boulevard

text: Western

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Ravenswood

text: Avenue

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Bryn

text: Mawr

text: Avenue

text: and

text: Peterson

text: Avenue

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Kedzie

text: Avenue

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Shore

text: channel

text: of

text: the

text: Chicago

text: River

text: At

text: one

text: time

text: joined

text: with

text: neighboring

text: Rogers

text: Park

text: it

text: separated

text: in

text: the

text: over

text: conflict

text: concerning

text: park

text: districts

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Cabbage

text: War

text: Today

text: West

text: Ridge

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: better

text: off

text: communities

text: filled

text: with

text: thriving

text: multi

text: ethnic

text: culture

text: lining

text: Devon

text: Avenue

text: historic

text: mansions

text: lining

text: Ridge

text: and

text: Lunt

text: Avenues

text: cultural

text: institutions

text: such

text: as

text: St.

text: Scholastica

text: Academy

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: highest

text: per

text: capita

text: incomes

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: Side

text: of

text: Chicago

text: It

text: had

text: been

text: represented

text: in

text: the

text: Chicago

text: City

text: Council

text: by

text: Alderman

text: Bernard

text: Stone

text: from

text: until

text: May

text: On

text: April

text: Alderman

text: Debra

text: Silverstein

text: defeated

text: Stone

text: in

text: runoff

text: election

text: and

text: now

text: represents

text: the

text: Ward

text: which

text: encompasses

text: West

text: Ridge

text: It

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: the

text: Midwest

text: 's

text: largest

text: Hasidic

text: community

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: other

text: Jewish

text: Irish

text: American

text: German

text: American

text: Indian

text: Pakistani

text: Bangladeshi

text: Assyrian

text: Russian

text: and

text: Korean

text: immigrant

text: communities

text: A county is a geographical region of a country used for administrative or other purposes, in certain modern nations. The term is derived from the Old French "conté" or "cunté" denoting a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a count (earl) or a viscount. The modern French is "comté", and its equivalents in other languages are "contea", "contado", "comtat", "condado", "Grafschaft", "graafschap", "Gau", etc. (cf. "conte", "comte", "conde", "Graf").

text: county

text: is

text: geographical

text: region

text: of

text: country

text: used

text: for

text: administrative

text: or

text: other

text: purposes

text: in

text: certain

text: modern

text: nations

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Old

text: French

text: conté

text: or

text: cunté

text: denoting

text: jurisdiction

text: under

text: the

text: sovereignty

text: of

text: count

text: earl

text: or

text: viscount

text: The

text: modern

text: French

text: is

text: comté

text: and

text: its

text: equivalents

text: in

text: other

text: languages

text: are

text: contea

text: contado

text: comtat

text: condado

text: Grafschaft

text: graafschap

text: Gau

text: etc

text: cf

text: conte

text: comte

text: conde

text: Graf

text: Edward M. "Ed" Burke (born December 29, 1943) is alderman of the 14th Ward of the City of Chicago. A member of the Democratic Party, he was first elected to the Chicago City Council in 1969, and represents part of the city's Southwest Side. Chair of Council's Committee on Finance, Burke has been called Chicago's "most powerful alderman" by the "Chicago Sun-Times". Burke was named one of the "100 Most Powerful Chicagoans" by "Chicago Magazine", describing him as "[o]ne of the last of the old-school Chicago Machine pols."

text: Edward

text: Ed

text: Burke

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: alderman

text: of

text: the

text: Ward

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Democratic

text: Party

text: he

text: was

text: first

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: Chicago

text: City

text: Council

text: in

text: and

text: represents

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: Southwest

text: Side

text: Chair

text: of

text: Council

text: 's

text: Committee

text: on

text: Finance

text: Burke

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: most

text: powerful

text: alderman

text: by

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Sun

text: Times

text: Burke

text: was

text: named

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Most

text: Powerful

text: Chicagoans

text: by

text: Chicago

text: Magazine

text: describing

text: him

text: as

text: o]ne

text: of

text: the

text: last

text: of

text: the

text: old

text: school

text: Chicago

text: Machine

text: pols

text: The Chicago Portage is a water gap connecting the watersheds "(BrE: drainage basins)" and the navigable waterways of the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes. It cuts through the Valparaiso Moraine, crossing the Saint Lawrence River Divide that separates the Great Lakes and Gulf of St. Lawrence watersheds from the Gulf of Mexico watershed, making it one of the most strategic points in the interior of the North American continent. The saddle point of the gap is within the City of Chicago, and the Chicago Portage is a reason Chicago exists and has developed to become the immensely important city that it is, ranking 7th in the world in the 2014 Global Cities Index. The official flag of the City of Chicago includes four red stars symbolizing city history, separating two blue stripes symbolizing the waters that meet at the city.

text: The

text: Chicago

text: Portage

text: is

text: water

text: gap

text: connecting

text: the

text: watersheds

text: BrE

text: drainage

text: basins

text: and

text: the

text: navigable

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: It

text: cuts

text: through

text: the

text: Valparaiso

text: Moraine

text: crossing

text: the

text: Saint

text: Lawrence

text: River

text: Divide

text: that

text: separates

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: and

text: Gulf

text: of

text: St.

text: Lawrence

text: watersheds

text: from

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: watershed

text: making

text: it

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: strategic

text: points

text: in

text: the

text: interior

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: The

text: saddle

text: point

text: of

text: the

text: gap

text: is

text: within

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: and

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Portage

text: is

text: reason

text: Chicago

text: exists

text: and

text: has

text: developed

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: immensely

text: important

text: city

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: ranking

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: in

text: the

text: Global

text: Cities

text: Index

text: The

text: official

text: flag

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: includes

text: four

text: red

text: stars

text: symbolizing

text: city

text: history

text: separating

text: two

text: blue

text: stripes

text: symbolizing

text: the

text: waters

text: that

text: meet

text: at

text: the

text: city

text: North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: within

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: considered

text: northern

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: Richard Joseph Daley (May 15, 1902  December 20, 1976) was an American politician who served as the 38th Mayor of Chicago for a total of twenty one years beginning on April 20, 1955 until his death on December 20, 1976. Daley was the chairman of the Cook County Democratic Central Committee for 23 years, holding both positions until his death in office in 1976. Daley was Chicago's third consecutive mayor from the working-class, heavily Irish American Bridgeport neighborhood on Chicago's South Side, where he lived his entire life. Daley is remembered for doing much to avoid the declines that some other "rust belt" cities like Cleveland, Buffalo and Detroit experienced during the same period. He had a strong base of support in Chicago's Irish Catholic community, and he was treated by national politicians such as Lyndon B. Johnson as a pre-eminent Irish American, with special connections to the Kennedy family.

text: Richard

text: Joseph

text: Daley

text: May

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Chicago

text: for

text: total

text: of

text: twenty

text: one

text: years

text: beginning

text: on

text: April

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: on

text: December

text: Daley

text: was

text: the

text: chairman

text: of

text: the

text: Cook

text: County

text: Democratic

text: Central

text: Committee

text: for

text: years

text: holding

text: both

text: positions

text: until

text: his

text: death

text: in

text: office

text: in

text: Daley

text: was

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: third

text: consecutive

text: mayor

text: from

text: the

text: working

text: class

text: heavily

text: Irish

text: American

text: Bridgeport

text: neighborhood

text: on

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: South

text: Side

text: where

text: he

text: lived

text: his

text: entire

text: life

text: Daley

text: is

text: remembered

text: for

text: doing

text: much

text: to

text: avoid

text: the

text: declines

text: that

text: some

text: other

text: rust

text: belt

text: cities

text: like

text: Cleveland

text: Buffalo

text: and

text: Detroit

text: experienced

text: during

text: the

text: same

text: period

text: He

text: had

text: strong

text: base

text: of

text: support

text: in

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: Irish

text: Catholic

text: community

text: and

text: he

text: was

text: treated

text: by

text: national

text: politicians

text: such

text: as

text: Lyndon

text: Johnson

text: as

text: pre

text: eminent

text: Irish

text: American

text: with

text: special

text: connections

text: to

text: the

text: Kennedy

text: family

text: The Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin largely surrounded by the North American continent. It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The U.S. states of Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas border the Gulf on the north, which are often referred to as the "Third Coast" in comparison with the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts, or sometimes the "south coast", in juxtaposition to the Great Lakes region being the "north coast." One of the gulf's seven main areas is the Gulf of Mexico basin.

text: The

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: is

text: an

text: ocean

text: basin

text: largely

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: northeast

text: north

text: and

text: northwest

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: Coast

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: Mexico

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: Cuba

text: The

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Alabama

text: Florida

text: Louisiana

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: Texas

text: border

text: the

text: Gulf

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: which

text: are

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Third

text: Coast

text: in

text: comparison

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Atlantic

text: and

text: Pacific

text: coasts

text: or

text: sometimes

text: the

text: south

text: coast

text: in

text: juxtaposition

text: to

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: region

text: being

text: the

text: north

text: coast

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: gulf

text: 's

text: seven

text: main

text: areas

text: is

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: basin

text: The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area associated with the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs. With an estimated population of 9.4 million people, it is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States. Chicagoland is the area that is closely linked to the city through geographic, social, economic, and cultural ties.

text: The

text: Chicago

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: or

text: Chicagoland

text: is

text: the

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: associated

text: with

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: and

text: its

text: suburbs

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Chicagoland

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: that

text: is

text: closely

text: linked

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: through

text: geographic

text: social

text: economic

text: and

text: cultural

text: ties

text: The Great Lakes (also called the Laurentian Great Lakes, or the Great Lakes of North America) are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the CanadaUnited States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River. Consisting of Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron (or MichiganHuron), Erie, and Ontario, they form the largest group of freshwater lakes on Earth, containing 21% of the world's surface fresh water by volume. The total surface is , and the total volume (measured at the low water datum) is . Due to their sea-like characteristics (rolling waves, sustained winds, strong currents, great depths, and distant horizons) the five Great Lakes have also long been referred to as "inland seas". Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world by area, and Lake Michigan is the largest lake that is entirely within one country. The southern half of the Great Lakes is bordered by the Great Lakes Megalopolis.

text: The

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: also

text: called

text: the

text: Laurentian

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: or

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: are

text: series

text: of

text: interconnected

text: freshwater

text: lakes

text: located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: upper

text: mid

text: east

text: region

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: on

text: the

text: CanadaUnited

text: States

text: border

text: which

text: connect

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: through

text: the

text: Saint

text: Lawrence

text: River

text: Consisting

text: of

text: Lakes

text: Superior

text: Michigan

text: Huron

text: or

text: MichiganHuron

text: Erie

text: and

text: Ontario

text: they

text: form

text: the

text: largest

text: group

text: of

text: freshwater

text: lakes

text: on

text: Earth

text: containing

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: surface

text: fresh

text: water

text: by

text: volume

text: The

text: total

text: surface

text: is

text: and

text: the

text: total

text: volume

text: measured

text: at

text: the

text: low

text: water

text: datum

text: is

text: Due

text: to

text: their

text: sea

text: like

text: characteristics

text: rolling

text: waves

text: sustained

text: winds

text: strong

text: currents

text: great

text: depths

text: and

text: distant

text: horizons

text: the

text: five

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: have

text: also

text: long

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: inland

text: seas

text: Lake

text: Superior

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: lake

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: area

text: and

text: Lake

text: Michigan

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: lake

text: that

text: is

text: entirely

text: within

text: one

text: country

text: The

text: southern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: Megalopolis

text: Bernard "Berny" L. Stone (November 24, 1927  December 22, 2014) was alderman of the 50th Ward of the City of Chicago, Illinois from 1973 to 2011. The 50th Ward encompasses part of Chicago's far North Side and includes the West Ridge, West Rogers Park and Peterson Park neighborhoods. First elected to the Council in 1973, Stone was the second longest-serving alderman (after Edward M. Burke). His tenure spanned the terms of seven Mayors, from Richard J. Daley to Richard M. Daley. Stone was also Vice Mayor of the City of Chicago from 1998 to 2011.

text: Bernard

text: Berny

text: Stone

text: November

text: December

text: was

text: alderman

text: of

text: the

text: Ward

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: from

text: to

text: The

text: Ward

text: encompasses

text: part

text: of

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: far

text: North

text: Side

text: and

text: includes

text: the

text: West

text: Ridge

text: West

text: Rogers

text: Park

text: and

text: Peterson

text: Park

text: neighborhoods

text: First

text: elected

text: to

text: the

text: Council

text: in

text: Stone

text: was

text: the

text: second

text: longest

text: serving

text: alderman

text: after

text: Edward

text: Burke

text: His

text: tenure

text: spanned

text: the

text: terms

text: of

text: seven

text: Mayors

text: from

text: Richard

text: Daley

text: to

text: Richard

text: Daley

text: Stone

text: was

text: also

text: Vice

text: Mayor

text: of

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: from

text: to

text: The Loop is the central business district of Chicago, Illinois. It is one of the city's 77 designated community areas. The Loop is home to Chicago's commercial core, City Hall, and the seat of Cook County. In the late nineteenth century, cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area, giving the Loop its name.

text: The

text: Loop

text: is

text: the

text: central

text: business

text: district

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: designated

text: community

text: areas

text: The

text: Loop

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: Chicago

text: 's

text: commercial

text: core

text: City

text: Hall

text: and

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: Cook

text: County

text: In

text: the

text: late

text: nineteenth

text: century

text: cable

text: car

text: turnarounds

text: and

text: prominent

text: elevated

text: railway

text: encircled

text: the

text: area

text: giving

text: the

text: Loop

text: its

text: name

text: Chicago (or ), officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States, and the fifth-most populous city in North America. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States, and the county seat of Cook County. The Chicago metropolitan area, often referred to as Chicagoland, has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the U.S.

text: Chicago

text: or

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Chicago

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: fifth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: With

text: over

text: million

text: residents

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Illinois

text: and

text: the

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Cook

text: County

text: The

text: Chicago

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Chicagoland

text: has

text: nearly

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: The Chicago River is a system of rivers and canals with a combined length of that runs through the city of Chicago, including its center (the Chicago Loop). Though not especially long, the river is notable for being a reason why Chicago became an important location, with the related Chicago Portage being a link between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley waterways and eventually the Gulf of Mexico.

text: The

text: Chicago

text: River

text: is

text: system

text: of

text: rivers

text: and

text: canals

text: with

text: combined

text: length

text: of

text: that

text: runs

text: through

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Chicago

text: including

text: its

text: center

text: the

text: Chicago

text: Loop

text: Though

text: not

text: especially

text: long

text: the

text: river

text: is

text: notable

text: for

text: being

text: reason

text: why

text: Chicago

text: became

text: an

text: important

text: location

text: with

text: the

text: related

text: Chicago

text: Portage

text: being

text: link

text: between

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: and

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: Valley

text: waterways

text: and

text: eventually

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Richard Michael Daley (born April 24, 1942) is an American politician, who served as the 43rd Mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1989 to 2011. Daley was elected mayor in 1989 and was re-elected five times until declining to run for a seventh term. At 22 years, he was the longest-serving Chicago mayor, surpassing the tenure of his father, Richard J. Daley.

text: Richard

text: Michael

text: Daley

text: born

text: April

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: politician

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Chicago

text: Illinois

text: from

text: to

text: Daley

text: was

text: elected

text: mayor

text: in

text: and

text: was

text: re

text: elected

text: five

text: times

text: until

text: declining

text: to

text: run

text: for

text: seventh

text: term

text: At

text: years

text: he

text: was

text: the

text: longest

text: serving

text: Chicago

text: mayor

text: surpassing

text: the

text: tenure

text: of

text: his

text: father

text: Richard

text: Daley

text: The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest or simply the Midwest, is one of the four geographic regions defined by the United States Census Bureau, occupying the northern central part of the United States of America. It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984.

text: The

text: Midwestern

text: United

text: States

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: American

text: Midwest

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: Midwest

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: geographic

text: regions

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: occupying

text: the

text: northern

text: central

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: It

text: was

text: officially

text: named

text: the

text: North

text: Central

text: region

text: by

text: the

text: Census

text: Bureau

text: until

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity west ridge

answer: cook county

text: cook county

text: cook county

text: cook county


text: Scuderia Toro Rosso, commonly known as Toro Rosso or by its abbreviation STR, is an Italian Formula One racing team. It is one of two F1 teams owned by Austrian beverage company Red Bull, the other being Red Bull Racing. Toro Rosso functions as a junior team to Red Bull Racing, with the aim of developing the skills of promising drivers for the senior team. Since 2010, the team has competed entirely independently of their sister team.

text: Scuderia

text: Toro

text: Rosso

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Toro

text: Rosso

text: or

text: by

text: its

text: abbreviation

text: STR

text: is

text: an

text: Italian

text: Formula

text: One

text: racing

text: team

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: teams

text: owned

text: by

text: Austrian

text: beverage

text: company

text: Red

text: Bull

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: Red

text: Bull

text: Racing

text: Toro

text: Rosso

text: functions

text: as

text: junior

text: team

text: to

text: Red

text: Bull

text: Racing

text: with

text: the

text: aim

text: of

text: developing

text: the

text: skills

text: of

text: promising

text: drivers

text: for

text: the

text: senior

text: team

text: Since

text: the

text: team

text: has

text: competed

text: entirely

text: independently

text: of

text: their

text: sister

text: team

text: The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA, English: International Automobile Federation) is an association established as the "Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus" (AIACR, English: 'International Association of Recognized Automobile Clubs') on 20 June 1904 to represent the interests of motoring organisations and motor car users. To the general public, the FIA is mostly known as the governing body for many auto racing events. The FIA also promotes road safety around the world.

text: The

text: Fédération

text: Internationale

text: de

text: l'Automobile

text: FIA

text: English

text: International

text: Automobile

text: Federation

text: is

text: an

text: association

text: established

text: as

text: the

text: Association

text: Internationale

text: des

text: Automobile

text: Clubs

text: Reconnus

text: AIACR

text: English

text: International

text: Association

text: of

text: Recognized

text: Automobile

text: Clubs

text: on

text: June

text: to

text: represent

text: the

text: interests

text: of

text: motoring

text: organisations

text: and

text: motor

text: car

text: users

text: To

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: the

text: FIA

text: is

text: mostly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: governing

text: body

text: for

text: many

text: auto

text: racing

text: events

text: The

text: FIA

text: also

text: promotes

text: road

text: safety

text: around

text: the

text: world

text: Formula One (also Formula 1 or F1 and officially the FIA Formula One World Championship) is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the premier form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950, although other Formula One races were regularly held until 1983. The "formula", designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, to which all participants' cars must conform. The F1 season consists of a series of races, known as "Grands Prix" (from French, meaning grand prizes), held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads.

text: Formula

text: One

text: also

text: Formula

text: or

text: and

text: officially

text: the

text: FIA

text: Formula

text: One

text: World

text: Championship

text: is

text: the

text: highest

text: class

text: of

text: single

text: seat

text: auto

text: racing

text: that

text: is

text: sanctioned

text: by

text: the

text: Fédération

text: Internationale

text: de

text: l'Automobile

text: FIA

text: The

text: FIA

text: Formula

text: One

text: World

text: Championship

text: has

text: been

text: the

text: premier

text: form

text: of

text: racing

text: since

text: the

text: inaugural

text: season

text: in

text: although

text: other

text: Formula

text: One

text: races

text: were

text: regularly

text: held

text: until

text: The

text: formula

text: designated

text: in

text: the

text: name

text: refers

text: to

text: set

text: of

text: rules

text: to

text: which

text: all

text: participants

text: cars

text: must

text: conform

text: The

text: season

text: consists

text: of

text: series

text: of

text: races

text: known

text: as

text: Grands

text: Prix

text: from

text: French

text: meaning

text: grand

text: prizes

text: held

text: worldwide

text: on

text: purpose

text: built

text: circuits

text: and

text: public

text: roads

text: Sebastian Vettel (born 3 July 1987) is a German racing driver, currently driving in Formula One for Scuderia Ferrari. He is a four-time Formula One World Champion, having won the championship in , , , and with Red Bull Racing. He is among the most successful F1 drivers of all time. He is one of only four drivers to have won four or more drivers' titles. He is contracted to remain as a Formula One driver with Scuderia Ferrari until at least the end of 2017.

text: Sebastian

text: Vettel

text: born

text: July

text: is

text: German

text: racing

text: driver

text: currently

text: driving

text: in

text: Formula

text: One

text: for

text: Scuderia

text: Ferrari

text: He

text: is

text: four

text: time

text: Formula

text: One

text: World

text: Champion

text: having

text: won

text: the

text: championship

text: in

text: and

text: with

text: Red

text: Bull

text: Racing

text: He

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: successful

text: drivers

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: He

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: only

text: four

text: drivers

text: to

text: have

text: won

text: four

text: or

text: more

text: drivers

text: titles

text: He

text: is

text: contracted

text: to

text: remain

text: as

text: Formula

text: One

text: driver

text: with

text: Scuderia

text: Ferrari

text: until

text: at

text: least

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: Red Bull Racing is an Austrian Formula One racing team based in Milton Keynes, England. It is one of two F1 teams owned by beverage company Red Bull GmbH, the other being Scuderia Toro Rosso. The team won four successive Constructors' Championship titles, in , , , and , becoming the first Austrian licensed team to win the title. The team also produced the quadruple world champion driver of 2010, 2011, 2012, and 2013, Sebastian Vettel. Managed by Christian Horner, the team has used Renault engines since 2007, and had a contract to do so until 2016. Red Bull Racing then used TAG Heuer-branded Renault engines starting from the season.

text: Red

text: Bull

text: Racing

text: is

text: an

text: Austrian

text: Formula

text: One

text: racing

text: team

text: based

text: in

text: Milton

text: Keynes

text: England

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: two

text: teams

text: owned

text: by

text: beverage

text: company

text: Red

text: Bull

text: GmbH

text: the

text: other

text: being

text: Scuderia

text: Toro

text: Rosso

text: The

text: team

text: won

text: four

text: successive

text: Constructors

text: Championship

text: titles

text: in

text: and

text: becoming

text: the

text: first

text: Austrian

text: licensed

text: team

text: to

text: win

text: the

text: title

text: The

text: team

text: also

text: produced

text: the

text: quadruple

text: world

text: champion

text: driver

text: of

text: and

text: Sebastian

text: Vettel

text: Managed

text: by

text: Christian

text: Horner

text: the

text: team

text: has

text: used

text: Renault

text: engines

text: since

text: and

text: had

text: contract

text: to

text: do

text: so

text: until

text: Red

text: Bull

text: Racing

text: then

text: used

text: TAG

text: Heuer

text: branded

text: Renault

text: engines

text: starting

text: from

text: the

text: season

text: The Red Bull RB1 is a Formula One racing car designed by Jaguar Racing for use in the 2005 season but with the Red Bull buyout of the team it was used by Red Bull Racing . Scot David Coulthard drove for the entire season , with Austrian Christian Klien and Italian Vitantonio Liuzzi sharing the other car . Liuzzi raced in four of the rounds , with Klien racing in the other 15 rounds . The team had two test drivers : American Scott Speed and Swiss driver Neel Jani . The car 's engine was a Cosworth TJ2005 3.0 litres ( 183 cu in ) V10 . The team 's main sponsor was Red Bull . The RB1 was the first car built by Red Bull Racing after the energy drinks manufacturer bought the Jaguar Racing team in 2004 . The RB1 's best result was a fourth - place finish on its debut at the 2005 Australian Grand Prix in Melbourne , and at the 2005 European Grand Prix held at the Nürburgring . Both results were achieved by David Coulthard . Christian Klien 's best finish was fifth at the season finale in Shanghai . Vitantonio Liuzzi 's best finish in the RB1 was eighth in his debut race , the 2005 San Marino Grand Prix at Imola . The RB1 's first race was the 2005 Australian Grand Prix and its final race was at the 2005 Chinese Grand Prix . The chassis was reused for the Toro Rosso STR1 in 2006 .

text: The

text: Red

text: Bull

text: is

text: Formula

text: One

text: racing

text: car

text: designed

text: by

text: Jaguar

text: Racing

text: for

text: use

text: in

text: the

text: season

text: but

text: with

text: the

text: Red

text: Bull

text: buyout

text: of

text: the

text: team

text: it

text: was

text: used

text: by

text: Red

text: Bull

text: Racing

text: Scot

text: David

text: Coulthard

text: drove

text: for

text: the

text: entire

text: season

text: with

text: Austrian

text: Christian

text: Klien

text: and

text: Italian

text: Vitantonio

text: Liuzzi

text: sharing

text: the

text: other

text: car

text: Liuzzi

text: raced

text: in

text: four

text: of

text: the

text: rounds

text: with

text: Klien

text: racing

text: in

text: the

text: other

text: rounds

text: The

text: team

text: had

text: two

text: test

text: drivers

text: American

text: Scott

text: Speed

text: and

text: Swiss

text: driver

text: Neel

text: Jani

text: The

text: car

text: 's

text: engine

text: was

text: Cosworth

text: litres

text: cu

text: in

text: The

text: team

text: 's

text: main

text: sponsor

text: was

text: Red

text: Bull

text: The

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: car

text: built

text: by

text: Red

text: Bull

text: Racing

text: after

text: the

text: energy

text: drinks

text: manufacturer

text: bought

text: the

text: Jaguar

text: Racing

text: team

text: in

text: The

text: 's

text: best

text: result

text: was

text: fourth

text: place

text: finish

text: on

text: its

text: debut

text: at

text: the

text: Australian

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: in

text: Melbourne

text: and

text: at

text: the

text: European

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: held

text: at

text: the

text: Nürburgring

text: Both

text: results

text: were

text: achieved

text: by

text: David

text: Coulthard

text: Christian

text: Klien

text: 's

text: best

text: finish

text: was

text: fifth

text: at

text: the

text: season

text: finale

text: in

text: Shanghai

text: Vitantonio

text: Liuzzi

text: 's

text: best

text: finish

text: in

text: the

text: was

text: eighth

text: in

text: his

text: debut

text: race

text: the

text: San

text: Marino

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: at

text: Imola

text: The

text: 's

text: first

text: race

text: was

text: the

text: Australian

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: and

text: its

text: final

text: race

text: was

text: at

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Grand

text: Prix

text: The

text: chassis

text: was

text: reused

text: for

text: the

text: Toro

text: Rosso

text: in

text: Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing or automobile racing) is a sport involving the racing of automobiles for competition.

text: Auto

text: racing

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: car

text: racing

text: motor

text: racing

text: or

text: automobile

text: racing

text: is

text: sport

text: involving

text: the

text: racing

text: of

text: automobiles

text: for

text: competition

text: Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguar's racing interests. It made its Formula E debut ahead of the 201617 Formula E season. It was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004.

text: Jaguar

text: Racing

text: is

text: the

text: name

text: given

text: to

text: Jaguar

text: 's

text: racing

text: interests

text: It

text: made

text: its

text: Formula

text: debut

text: ahead

text: of

text: the

text: Formula

text: season

text: It

text: was

text: previously

text: Formula

text: One

text: constructor

text: that

text: competed

text: in

text: the

text: FIA

text: Formula

text: One

text: World

text: Championship

text: from

text: to

text: Christian Edward Johnston Horner (born in Leamington Spa, England, on 16 November 1973) is the Team Principal of the Red Bull Racing Formula One team, a position he has held since 2005. His motorsport career started as a race car driver, before he switched roles to become Team Principal of FIA F3000 and later GP2 Series team Arden International Motorsport in 1999.

text: Christian

text: Edward

text: Johnston

text: Horner

text: born

text: in

text: Leamington

text: Spa

text: England

text: on

text: November

text: is

text: the

text: Team

text: Principal

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Bull

text: Racing

text: Formula

text: One

text: team

text: position

text: he

text: has

text: held

text: since

text: His

text: motorsport

text: career

text: started

text: as

text: race

text: car

text: driver

text: before

text: he

text: switched

text: roles

text: to

text: become

text: Team

text: Principal

text: of

text: FIA

text: and

text: later

text: Series

text: team

text: Arden

text: International

text: Motorsport

text: in

annotations: follows single

annotations: likely single

question: sport red bull rb1

answer: motorsport

text: motorsport

text: motorsport


text: North Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties. The capital is Raleigh. The most populous municipality is Charlotte, and it is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City.

text: North

text: Carolina

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: state

text: borders

text: South

text: Carolina

text: and

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Tennessee

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Virginia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: North

text: Carolina

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: states

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: divided

text: into

text: counties

text: The

text: capital

text: is

text: Raleigh

text: The

text: most

text: populous

text: municipality

text: is

text: Charlotte

text: and

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: banking

text: center

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: American English (variously abbreviated AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US), also called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States. English is the most widely spoken language in the United States and is the common language used by the federal government, considered the "de facto" language of the country because of its widespread use. English has been given official status by 32 of the 50 state governments. As an example, while both Spanish and English have equivalent status in the local courts of Puerto Rico. Under federal law, English is the official language for any matters being referred to the United States district court for the territory.

text: American

text: English

text: variously

text: abbreviated

text: AmE

text: AE

text: AmEng

text: USEng

text: en

text: US

text: also

text: called

text: United

text: States

text: English

text: or

text: U.S.

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: set

text: of

text: varieties

text: of

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: native

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: widely

text: spoken

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: language

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: considered

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: because

text: of

text: its

text: widespread

text: use

text: English

text: has

text: been

text: given

text: official

text: status

text: by

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: governments

text: As

text: an

text: example

text: while

text: both

text: Spanish

text: and

text: English

text: have

text: equivalent

text: status

text: in

text: the

text: local

text: courts

text: of

text: Puerto

text: Rico

text: Under

text: federal

text: law

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: official

text: language

text: for

text: any

text: matters

text: being

text: referred

text: to

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: district

text: court

text: for

text: the

text: territory

text: A buoy (also or ) is a floating device that can have many purposes. It can be anchored (stationary) or allowed to drift with the sea wave. The word, of Old French or Middle Dutch origin, is (in British English) now most commonly pronounced (identical with boy, as in buoyant). In American English the pronunciation is closer to ""boo-ee"."

text: buoy

text: also

text: or

text: is

text: floating

text: device

text: that

text: can

text: have

text: many

text: purposes

text: It

text: can

text: be

text: anchored

text: stationary

text: or

text: allowed

text: to

text: drift

text: with

text: the

text: sea

text: wave

text: The

text: word

text: of

text: Old

text: French

text: or

text: Middle

text: Dutch

text: origin

text: is

text: in

text: British

text: English

text: now

text: most

text: commonly

text: pronounced

text: identical

text: with

text: boy

text: as

text: in

text: buoyant

text: In

text: American

text: English

text: the

text: pronunciation

text: is

text: closer

text: to

text: boo

text: ee

text: Virginia (, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, as well as in the historic Southeast. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" due to its status as the first colonial possession established in mainland British America, and "Mother of Presidents" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision. The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.3 million, which is slightly less than New York City.

text: Virginia

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Virginia

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: Mid

text: Atlantic

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: historic

text: Southeast

text: Virginia

text: is

text: nicknamed

text: the

text: Old

text: Dominion

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: status

text: as

text: the

text: first

text: colonial

text: possession

text: established

text: in

text: mainland

text: British

text: America

text: and

text: Mother

text: of

text: Presidents

text: because

text: eight

text: U.S.

text: presidents

text: were

text: born

text: there

text: more

text: than

text: any

text: other

text: state

text: The

text: geography

text: and

text: climate

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: are

text: shaped

text: by

text: the

text: Blue

text: Ridge

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: Chesapeake

text: Bay

text: which

text: provide

text: habitat

text: for

text: much

text: of

text: its

text: flora

text: and

text: fauna

text: The

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: is

text: Richmond

text: Virginia

text: Beach

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: Fairfax

text: County

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: political

text: subdivision

text: The

text: Commonwealth

text: 's

text: estimated

text: population

text: is

text: over

text: million

text: which

text: is

text: slightly

text: less

text: than

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: In oceanography, geomorphology, and earth sciences, a shoal is a natural submerged ridge, bank, or bar that consists of, or is covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material, and rises from the bed of a body of water to near the surface. Often it refers to those submerged ridges, banks, or bars that rise near enough to the surface of a body of water as to constitute a danger to navigation. Shoals are also known as sandbanks, sandbars, or gravelbars. Two or more shoals that are either separated by shared troughs or interconnected by past and or present sedimentary and hydrographic processes are referred to as a shoal complex.

text: In

text: oceanography

text: geomorphology

text: and

text: earth

text: sciences

text: shoal

text: is

text: natural

text: submerged

text: ridge

text: bank

text: or

text: bar

text: that

text: consists

text: of

text: or

text: is

text: covered

text: by

text: sand

text: or

text: other

text: unconsolidated

text: material

text: and

text: rises

text: from

text: the

text: bed

text: of

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: to

text: near

text: the

text: surface

text: Often

text: it

text: refers

text: to

text: those

text: submerged

text: ridges

text: banks

text: or

text: bars

text: that

text: rise

text: near

text: enough

text: to

text: the

text: surface

text: of

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: as

text: to

text: constitute

text: danger

text: to

text: navigation

text: Shoals

text: are

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: sandbanks

text: sandbars

text: or

text: gravelbars

text: Two

text: or

text: more

text: shoals

text: that

text: are

text: either

text: separated

text: by

text: shared

text: troughs

text: or

text: interconnected

text: by

text: past

text: and

text: or

text: present

text: sedimentary

text: and

text: hydrographic

text: processes

text: are

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: shoal

text: complex

text: Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek: , "gê", "earth"; , "morph", "form"; and , "lógos", "study") is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features created by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near the Earth's surface. Geomorphologists seek to understand why landscapes look the way they do, to understand landform history and dynamics and to predict changes through a combination of field observations, physical experiments and numerical modeling. Geomorphologists work within disciplines such as physical geography, geology, geodesy, engineering geology, archaeology and geotechnical engineering. This broad base of interests contributes to many research styles and interests within the field.

text: Geomorphology

text: from

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: gê

text: earth

text: morph

text: form

text: and

text: lógos

text: study

text: is

text: the

text: scientific

text: study

text: of

text: the

text: origin

text: and

text: evolution

text: of

text: topographic

text: and

text: bathymetric

text: features

text: created

text: by

text: physical

text: chemical

text: or

text: biological

text: processes

text: operating

text: at

text: or

text: near

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: Geomorphologists

text: seek

text: to

text: understand

text: why

text: landscapes

text: look

text: the

text: way

text: they

text: do

text: to

text: understand

text: landform

text: history

text: and

text: dynamics

text: and

text: to

text: predict

text: changes

text: through

text: combination

text: of

text: field

text: observations

text: physical

text: experiments

text: and

text: numerical

text: modeling

text: Geomorphologists

text: work

text: within

text: disciplines

text: such

text: as

text: physical

text: geography

text: geology

text: geodesy

text: engineering

text: geology

text: archaeology

text: and

text: geotechnical

text: engineering

text: This

text: broad

text: base

text: of

text: interests

text: contributes

text: to

text: many

text: research

text: styles

text: and

text: interests

text: within

text: the

text: field

text: Tennessee ("Tanasi") is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 16th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 654,610. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 655,770.

text: Tennessee

text: Tanasi

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Tennessee

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Tennessee

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Kentucky

text: and

text: Virginia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: North

text: Carolina

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Georgia

text: Alabama

text: and

text: Mississippi

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Arkansas

text: and

text: Missouri

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: dominate

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: forms

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: western

text: border

text: Tennessee

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Nashville

text: which

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: Memphis

text: is

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: with

text: population

text: of

text: South Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the south and west by Georgia across the Savannah River, and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean.

text: South

text: Carolina

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: southeastern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: state

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: North

text: Carolina

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: by

text: Georgia

text: across

text: the

text: Savannah

text: River

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: An anchor is a device, normally made of metal, used to connect a vessel to the bed of a body of water to prevent the craft from drifting due to wind or current. The word derives from Latin "ancora", which itself comes from the Greek  ("ankura").

text: An

text: anchor

text: is

text: device

text: normally

text: made

text: of

text: metal

text: used

text: to

text: connect

text: vessel

text: to

text: the

text: bed

text: of

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: to

text: prevent

text: the

text: craft

text: from

text: drifting

text: due

text: to

text: wind

text: or

text: current

text: The

text: word

text: derives

text: from

text: Latin

text: ancora

text: which

text: itself

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Greek

text: ankura

text: Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) spoken and written between 1150 and 1500. There was at that time as yet no overarching standard language but they were all mutually intelligible. During this period a rich Medieval Dutch literature developed, not yet present during the period of Old Dutch. The various literary works of that time are often very readable for modern Dutch speakers, since Dutch is a rather conservative language. By many non-linguists, Middle Dutch is often referred to as Diets.

text: Middle

text: Dutch

text: is

text: collective

text: name

text: for

text: number

text: of

text: closely

text: related

text: West

text: Germanic

text: dialects

text: whose

text: ancestor

text: was

text: Old

text: Dutch

text: spoken

text: and

text: written

text: between

text: and

text: There

text: was

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: as

text: yet

text: no

text: overarching

text: standard

text: language

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: all

text: mutually

text: intelligible

text: During

text: this

text: period

text: rich

text: Medieval

text: Dutch

text: literature

text: developed

text: not

text: yet

text: present

text: during

text: the

text: period

text: of

text: Old

text: Dutch

text: The

text: various

text: literary

text: works

text: of

text: that

text: time

text: are

text: often

text: very

text: readable

text: for

text: modern

text: Dutch

text: speakers

text: since

text: Dutch

text: is

text: rather

text: conservative

text: language

text: By

text: many

text: non

text: linguists

text: Middle

text: Dutch

text: is

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Diets

text: A boy is a young male human, usually a child or adolescent. When he becomes an adult, he is described as a man. The most apparent difference between a typical boy and a typical girl is the genitalia. However, some intersex children with ambiguous genitals, and genetically female transgender children, may also be classified or self-identify as a boy.

text: boy

text: is

text: young

text: male

text: human

text: usually

text: child

text: or

text: adolescent

text: When

text: he

text: becomes

text: an

text: adult

text: he

text: is

text: described

text: as

text: man

text: The

text: most

text: apparent

text: difference

text: between

text: typical

text: boy

text: and

text: typical

text: girl

text: is

text: the

text: genitalia

text: However

text: some

text: intersex

text: children

text: with

text: ambiguous

text: genitals

text: and

text: genetically

text: female

text: transgender

text: children

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: classified

text: or

text: self

text: identify

text: as

text: boy

text:
Old French (', ', ""; Modern French ) was the Gallo-Romance dialect continuum spoken from the 9th century to the 14th century.
In the 14th century, these dialects came to be collectively known as the "langues d'oïl", contrasting with the "langue d'oc" or Occitan language in the south of France. The mid-14th century is taken as the transitional period to Middle French, the language of the French Renaissance, specifically based on the dialect of the Île-de-France region.

text: Old

text: French

text: Modern

text: French

text: was

text: the

text: Gallo

text: Romance

text: dialect

text: continuum

text: spoken

text: from

text: the

text: century

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: In

text: the

text: century

text: these

text: dialects

text: came

text: to

text: be

text: collectively

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: langues

text: d'oïl

text: contrasting

text: with

text: the

text: langue

text: d'oc

text: or

text: Occitan

text: language

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: France

text: The

text: century

text: is

text: taken

text: as

text: the

text: transitional

text: period

text: to

text: Middle

text: French

text: the

text: language

text: of

text: the

text: French

text: Renaissance

text: specifically

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: dialect

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: region

text: British English is the English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom or, more broadly, throughout the British Isles. Slight regional variations exist in formal, written English in the United Kingdom. For example, the adjective "wee" is almost exclusively used in parts of Scotland and Northern Ireland, and occasionally Yorkshire, whereas "little" is predominant elsewhere. Nevertheless, there is a meaningful degree of uniformity in "written" English within the United Kingdom, and this could be described by the term "British English". The forms of "spoken" English, however, vary considerably more than in most other areas of the world where English is spoken, so a uniform concept of British English is more difficult to apply to the spoken language. According to Tom McArthur in the "Oxford Guide to World English", British English shares "all the ambiguities and tensions in the word "British" and as a result can be used and interpreted in two ways, more broadly or more narrowly, within a range of blurring and ambiguity."

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: the

text: English

text: language

text: as

text: spoken

text: and

text: written

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: or

text: more

text: broadly

text: throughout

text: the

text: British

text: Isles

text: Slight

text: regional

text: variations

text: exist

text: in

text: formal

text: written

text: English

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: For

text: example

text: the

text: adjective

text: wee

text: is

text: almost

text: exclusively

text: used

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Scotland

text: and

text: Northern

text: Ireland

text: and

text: occasionally

text: Yorkshire

text: whereas

text: little

text: is

text: predominant

text: elsewhere

text: Nevertheless

text: there

text: is

text: meaningful

text: degree

text: of

text: uniformity

text: in

text: written

text: English

text: within

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: this

text: could

text: be

text: described

text: by

text: the

text: term

text: British

text: English

text: The

text: forms

text: of

text: spoken

text: English

text: however

text: vary

text: considerably

text: more

text: than

text: in

text: most

text: other

text: areas

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: where

text: English

text: is

text: spoken

text: so

text: uniform

text: concept

text: of

text: British

text: English

text: is

text: more

text: difficult

text: to

text: apply

text: to

text: the

text: spoken

text: language

text: According

text: to

text: Tom

text: McArthur

text: in

text: the

text: Oxford

text: Guide

text: to

text: World

text: English

text: British

text: English

text: shares

text: all

text: the

text: ambiguities

text: and

text: tensions

text: in

text: the

text: word

text: British

text: and

text: as

text: result

text: can

text: be

text: used

text: and

text: interpreted

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: more

text: broadly

text: or

text: more

text: narrowly

text: within

text: range

text: of

text: blurring

text: and

text: ambiguity

text: The Frying Pan Shoals are a long , shifting area of shoals off the coast of Cape Fear in North Carolina , United States . The shoals have been a hazard to ships in the area since the beginning of European exploration of the area ; the area is littered with shipwrecks . The southern edge of the shoals have been marked by a lightship , a light tower and a buoy . From May 1994 to August 2008 , over 130 new shipwreck locations have been discovered in the area encompassing Frying Pan Shoals . The area is also a great fishing destination . In May 2010 , the United States government sold the Frying Pan Shoals Light Station through a sealed bid auction . The winning bidder ( Richard Neal , a private US citizen ) made his plans public to renovate and return the light station to use as a private rental property . The tower as it is known by locals is significant not only for its longevity but also since when out of sight of land , it is a commonly referenced location and as such is marked on many navigation charts with its GPS coordinates . In August 2011 , the Frying Pan Tower was directly hit by Hurricane Irene with measured winds of 67 MPH and waves of 28 ft. An observational flight the day after the storm , August 28 , 2011 , showed that the tower had no visible damage from the impact . A video of the flight is available from YouTube by searching for Frying Pan Tower and Hurricane Irene and was listed in an article in Time Magazine on light houses that have been restored to bed and breakfast facilities . In November 2012 , Hurricane Sandy went within a few dozen miles of the Frying Pan Tower but due to its strength , the only issue was a few disturbed ceiling tiles due to a window being left open . The Frying Pan Tower ( light station ) has been privately owned by Richard Neal for a couple years now and has been re-opened as a functioning but `` rustic '' bed and breakfast that has volunteers , guests and news crews coming out to experience the beauty of the ocean , a near perfect `` dark sky '' for viewing the Milky Way or clearly the moon and amazingly large and varied fish species and turtles . Frying Pan Shoals Light Station is one of 15 light stations off the United States coastline most of which have been dismantled or destroyed by weather and time .

text: The

text: Frying

text: Pan

text: Shoals

text: are

text: long

text: shifting

text: area

text: of

text: shoals

text: off

text: the

text: coast

text: of

text: Cape

text: Fear

text: in

text: North

text: Carolina

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: shoals

text: have

text: been

text: hazard

text: to

text: ships

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: since

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: European

text: exploration

text: of

text: the

text: area

text: the

text: area

text: is

text: littered

text: with

text: shipwrecks

text: The

text: southern

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: shoals

text: have

text: been

text: marked

text: by

text: lightship

text: light

text: tower

text: and

text: buoy

text: From

text: May

text: to

text: August

text: over

text: new

text: shipwreck

text: locations

text: have

text: been

text: discovered

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: encompassing

text: Frying

text: Pan

text: Shoals

text: The

text: area

text: is

text: also

text: great

text: fishing

text: destination

text: In

text: May

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: government

text: sold

text: the

text: Frying

text: Pan

text: Shoals

text: Light

text: Station

text: through

text: sealed

text: bid

text: auction

text: The

text: winning

text: bidder

text: Richard

text: Neal

text: private

text: US

text: citizen

text: made

text: his

text: plans

text: public

text: to

text: renovate

text: and

text: return

text: the

text: light

text: station

text: to

text: use

text: as

text: private

text: rental

text: property

text: The

text: tower

text: as

text: it

text: is

text: known

text: by

text: locals

text: is

text: significant

text: not

text: only

text: for

text: its

text: longevity

text: but

text: also

text: since

text: when

text: out

text: of

text: sight

text: of

text: land

text: it

text: is

text: commonly

text: referenced

text: location

text: and

text: as

text: such

text: is

text: marked

text: on

text: many

text: navigation

text: charts

text: with

text: its

text: GPS

text: coordinates

text: In

text: August

text: the

text: Frying

text: Pan

text: Tower

text: was

text: directly

text: hit

text: by

text: Hurricane

text: Irene

text: with

text: measured

text: winds

text: of

text: MPH

text: and

text: waves

text: of

text: ft

text: An

text: observational

text: flight

text: the

text: day

text: after

text: the

text: storm

text: August

text: showed

text: that

text: the

text: tower

text: had

text: no

text: visible

text: damage

text: from

text: the

text: impact

text: video

text: of

text: the

text: flight

text: is

text: available

text: from

text: YouTube

text: by

text: searching

text: for

text: Frying

text: Pan

text: Tower

text: and

text: Hurricane

text: Irene

text: and

text: was

text: listed

text: in

text: an

text: article

text: in

text: Time

text: Magazine

text: on

text: light

text: houses

text: that

text: have

text: been

text: restored

text: to

text: bed

text: and

text: breakfast

text: facilities

text: In

text: November

text: Hurricane

text: Sandy

text: went

text: within

text: few

text: dozen

text: miles

text: of

text: the

text: Frying

text: Pan

text: Tower

text: but

text: due

text: to

text: its

text: strength

text: the

text: only

text: issue

text: was

text: few

text: disturbed

text: ceiling

text: tiles

text: due

text: to

text: window

text: being

text: left

text: open

text: The

text: Frying

text: Pan

text: Tower

text: light

text: station

text: has

text: been

text: privately

text: owned

text: by

text: Richard

text: Neal

text: for

text: couple

text: years

text: now

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: re

text: opened

text: as

text: functioning

text: but

text: rustic

text: bed

text: and

text: breakfast

text: that

text: has

text: volunteers

text: guests

text: and

text: news

text: crews

text: coming

text: out

text: to

text: experience

text: the

text: beauty

text: of

text: the

text: ocean

text: near

text: perfect

text: dark

text: sky

text: for

text: viewing

text: the

text: Milky

text: Way

text: or

text: clearly

text: the

text: moon

text: and

text: amazingly

text: large

text: and

text: varied

text: fish

text: species

text: and

text: turtles

text: Frying

text: Pan

text: Shoals

text: Light

text: Station

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: light

text: stations

text: off

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: coastline

text: most

text: of

text: which

text: have

text: been

text: dismantled

text: or

text: destroyed

text: by

text: weather

text: and

text: time

text: The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: often

text: called

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: or

text: simply

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomerations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: global

text: power

text: city

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exerts

text: significant

text: impact

text: upon

text: commerce

text: finance

text: media

text: art

text: fashion

text: research

text: technology

text: education

text: and

text: entertainment

text: its

text: fast

text: pace

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: New

text: York

text: minute

text: Home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: international

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: financial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

annotations: likely multiple

question: instance_of frying pan shoals

answer: landform

text: landform


text: Kharkiv Oblast (translit. "Charkivka oblastj"; also referred to as Kharkivshchyna  "", , translit. "Charjkovskaja oblastj") is an oblast (province) in eastern Ukraine. The oblast borders Russia to the north, Luhansk Oblast to the east, Donetsk Oblast to the south-east, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast to the south-west, Poltava Oblast to the west and Sumy Oblast to the north-west. The area of the oblast is 31,400 km², corresponding to 5.2% of the total territory of Ukraine.

text: Kharkiv

text: Oblast

text: translit

text: Charkivka

text: oblastj

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Kharkivshchyna

text: translit

text: Charjkovskaja

text: oblastj

text: is

text: an

text: oblast

text: province

text: in

text: eastern

text: Ukraine

text: The

text: oblast

text: borders

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Luhansk

text: Oblast

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Donetsk

text: Oblast

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: east

text: Dnipropetrovsk

text: Oblast

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: west

text: Poltava

text: Oblast

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Sumy

text: Oblast

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: The

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: oblast

text: is

text: corresponding

text: to

text: of

text: the

text: total

text: territory

text: of

text: Ukraine

text: An administrative centre is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.

text: An

text: administrative

text: centre

text: is

text: seat

text: of

text: regional

text: administration

text: or

text: local

text: government

text: or

text: county

text: town

text: or

text: the

text: place

text: where

text: the

text: central

text: administration

text: of

text: commune

text: is

text: located

text: Ukraine (tr. ) is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. Ukraine is currently in territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula which Russia annexed in 2014 but which Ukraine and most of the international community recognise as Ukrainian. Including Crimea, Ukraine has an area of , making it the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world. It has a population of about 44.5 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world.

text: Ukraine

text: tr

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: bordered

text: by

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: northeast

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Poland

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Hungary

text: Romania

text: and

text: Moldova

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: southeast

text: respectively

text: Ukraine

text: is

text: currently

text: in

text: territorial

text: dispute

text: with

text: Russia

text: over

text: the

text: Crimean

text: Peninsula

text: which

text: Russia

text: annexed

text: in

text: but

text: which

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: international

text: community

text: recognise

text: as

text: Ukrainian

text: Including

text: Crimea

text: Ukraine

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: entirely

text: within

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: It

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Alexander Gavrylyuk ( born 1984 in Kharkiv ) is a USSR - born Australian pianist .

text: Alexander

text: Gavrylyuk

text: born

text: in

text: Kharkiv

text: is

text: USSR

text: born

text: Australian

text: pianist

text: Kharkiv (,) is the second-largest city in Ukraine. In the northeast of the country, it is the largest city of the Slobozhanshchyna historical region. The city has a population of about 1.5 million people. Kharkiv is the administrative centre of Kharkiv Oblast and of the surrounding Kharkiv district.

text: Kharkiv

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: Ukraine

text: In

text: the

text: northeast

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: the

text: Slobozhanshchyna

text: historical

text: region

text: The

text: city

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: about

text: million

text: people

text: Kharkiv

text: is

text: the

text: administrative

text: centre

text: of

text: Kharkiv

text: Oblast

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: surrounding

text: Kharkiv

text: district

question: place_of_birth alexander gavrylyuk

answer: luhansk

text: luhansk