text: Kairat Zhumabekuly Nurdauletov ( Kazakh :    ; Russian    ; 6 November 1982 ) is a Kazakhstani footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for FC Kaisar in the Kazakhstan Premier League . Nurdauletov has made 24 appearances for the Kazakhstan national football team . Kazakhstan Premier League winner ( 2002 , 2003 ) , Kazakhstan Cup winner ( 2007 ) .

text: Kairat

text: Zhumabekuly

text: Nurdauletov

text: Kazakh

text: Russian

text: November

text: is

text: Kazakhstani

text: footballer

text: who

text: plays

text: as

text: defensive

text: midfielder

text: for

text: FC

text: Kaisar

text: in

text: the

text: Kazakhstan

text: Premier

text: League

text: Nurdauletov

text: has

text: made

text: appearances

text: for

text: the

text: Kazakhstan

text: national

text: football

text: team

text: Kazakhstan

text: Premier

text: League

text: winner

text: Kazakhstan

text: Cup

text: winner

text: Kazakhstan ( "Qazaqstan",  "Kazakhstan"), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan ("Qazaqstan Respwblïkas" "Respublika Kazakhstan"), is a transcontinental country in northern Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Kazakhstan is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of . Kazakhstan is the dominant nation of Central Asia economically, generating 60% of the region's GDP, primarily through its oil/gas industry. It also has vast mineral resources.

text: Kazakhstan

text: Qazaqstan

text: Kazakhstan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: Qazaqstan

text: Respwblïkas

text: Respublika

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: northern

text: Central

text: Asia

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: landlocked

text: country

text: and

text: the

text: ninth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: with

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: the

text: dominant

text: nation

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: economically

text: generating

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: 's

text: GDP

text: primarily

text: through

text: its

text: oil

text: gas

text: industry

text: It

text: also

text: has

text: vast

text: mineral

text: resources

text: A landlocked state or landlocked country is a sovereign state entirely enclosed by land, or whose only coastlines lie on closed seas. There are currently 48 such countries, including four partially recognised states. Only two, Bolivia and Paraguay in South America, lie outside Afro-Eurasia (the Old World).

text: landlocked

text: state

text: or

text: landlocked

text: country

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: entirely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: or

text: whose

text: only

text: coastlines

text: lie

text: on

text: closed

text: seas

text: There

text: are

text: currently

text: such

text: countries

text: including

text: four

text: partially

text: recognised

text: states

text: Only

text: two

text: Bolivia

text: and

text: Paraguay

text: in

text: South

text: America

text: lie

text: outside

text: Afro

text: Eurasia

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: The Football Federation of Kazakhstan is the governing body of football in Kazakhstan. It organizes the football league, the Kazakhstan Premier League, and the Kazakhstan national football team. It is based in Almaty.

text: The

text: Football

text: Federation

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: is

text: the

text: governing

text: body

text: of

text: football

text: in

text: Kazakhstan

text: It

text: organizes

text: the

text: football

text: league

text: the

text: Kazakhstan

text: Premier

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: Kazakhstan

text: national

text: football

text: team

text: It

text: is

text: based

text: in

text: Almaty

text: The Kazakhstan Professional Football League ("Qazaqstan Käsipqoy Fuwtbol Lïgas"), commonly referred to as Kazakh Premier League or simply Premier League, is the top division of football in Kazakhstan. The League is controlled by the Football Federation of Kazakhstan and was set up in 1992. The League is fed into by the First Division and starts in spring and finishes in late autumn because of the low temperatures in the winter, with each championship corresponding to a calendar year. The majority of matches have been played at weekends in recent seasons.

text: The

text: Kazakhstan

text: Professional

text: Football

text: League

text: Qazaqstan

text: Käsipqoy

text: Fuwtbol

text: Lïgas

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Kazakh

text: Premier

text: League

text: or

text: simply

text: Premier

text: League

text: is

text: the

text: top

text: division

text: of

text: football

text: in

text: Kazakhstan

text: The

text: League

text: is

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Football

text: Federation

text: of

text: Kazakhstan

text: and

text: was

text: set

text: up

text: in

text: The

text: League

text: is

text: fed

text: into

text: by

text: the

text: First

text: Division

text: and

text: starts

text: in

text: spring

text: and

text: finishes

text: in

text: late

text: autumn

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: low

text: temperatures

text: in

text: the

text: winter

text: with

text: each

text: championship

text: corresponding

text: to

text: calendar

text: year

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: matches

text: have

text: been

text: played

text: at

text: weekends

text: in

text: recent

text: seasons

text: Central Asia or Middle Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also colloquially referred to as "the 'stans" (as the six countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix "-stan", meaning "land of") and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent.

text: Central

text: Asia

text: or

text: Middle

text: Asia

text: is

text: the

text: core

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: Asian

text: continent

text: and

text: stretches

text: from

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: to

text: China

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: from

text: Afghanistan

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: to

text: Russia

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: colloquially

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: stans

text: as

text: the

text: six

text: countries

text: generally

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: within

text: the

text: region

text: all

text: have

text: names

text: ending

text: with

text: the

text: Persian

text: suffix

text: -stan

text: meaning

text: land

text: of

text: and

text: is

text: within

text: the

text: scope

text: of

text: the

text: wider

text: Eurasian

text: continent

text: Eastern Europe, also known as East Europe, is the eastern part of the European continent. There is no consensus on the precise area it covers, partly because the term has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic connotations. There are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". A related United Nations paper adds that "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct".

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: East

text: Europe

text: is

text: the

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: continent

text: There

text: is

text: no

text: consensus

text: on

text: the

text: precise

text: area

text: it

text: covers

text: partly

text: because

text: the

text: term

text: has

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: geopolitical

text: geographical

text: cultural

text: and

text: socioeconomic

text: connotations

text: There

text: are

text: almost

text: as

text: many

text: definitions

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: as

text: there

text: are

text: scholars

text: of

text: the

text: region

text: related

text: United

text: Nations

text: paper

text: adds

text: that

text: every

text: assessment

text: of

text: spatial

text: identities

text: is

text: essentially

text: social

text: and

text: cultural

text: construct

text: The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs , , ; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people who mainly inhabit the southern part of Eastern Europe Ural mountains and northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia and Mongolia), the region also known as Eurasian sub-continent. Kazakh identity is of medieval origin and was strongly shaped by the foundation of the Kazakh Khanate between 1456 and 1465, when several tribes under the rule of the sultans Zhanibek and Kerey departed from the Khanate of Abu'l-Khayr Khan.

text: The

text: Kazakhs

text: also

text: spelled

text: Kazaks

text: Qazaqs

text: the

text: English

text: name

text: is

text: transliterated

text: from

text: Russian

text: are

text: Turkic

text: people

text: who

text: mainly

text: inhabit

text: the

text: southern

text: part

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: Ural

text: mountains

text: and

text: northern

text: parts

text: of

text: Central

text: Asia

text: largely

text: Kazakhstan

text: but

text: also

text: found

text: in

text: parts

text: of

text: Uzbekistan

text: China

text: Russia

text: and

text: Mongolia

text: the

text: region

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Eurasian

text: sub

text: continent

text: Kazakh

text: identity

text: is

text: of

text: medieval

text: origin

text: and

text: was

text: strongly

text: shaped

text: by

text: the

text: foundation

text: of

text: the

text: Kazakh

text: Khanate

text: between

text: and

text: when

text: several

text: tribes

text: under

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: the

text: sultans

text: Zhanibek

text: and

text: Kerey

text: departed

text: from

text: the

text: Khanate

text: of

text: Abu'l

text: Khayr

text: Khan

annotations: likely multiple

question: place_of_birth kairat nurdauletov

answer: almaty

text: almaty


text:
Victor Clement Georges Philippe Loret (1 September 1859  3 February 1946) was a French Egyptologist.
Biography.
Loret studied with Gaston Maspero at the École des Hautes Études. In 1897 he became the head of the Egyptian Antiquities Service. In March 1898, he discovered KV35, the tomb of Amenhotep II in the Valley of the Kings. Amenhotep II's mummy was still located in his royal sarcophagus but the tomb also proved to hold a cache of several of the most important New Kingdom Pharaohs such as Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, Ramesses III and Thutmose III. The cache of Royal Mummies had been placed in KV35 to protect them from looting by tomb robbers by the 21st Dynasty High Priest of Amun, Pinedjem.

text: Victor

text: Clement

text: Georges

text: Philippe

text: Loret

text: September

text: February

text: was

text: French

text: Egyptologist

text: Biography

text: Loret

text: studied

text: with

text: Gaston

text: Maspero

text: at

text: the

text: École

text: des

text: Hautes

text: Études

text: In

text: he

text: became

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: Antiquities

text: Service

text: In

text: March

text: he

text: discovered

text: the

text: tomb

text: of

text: Amenhotep

text: II

text: in

text: the

text: Valley

text: of

text: the

text: Kings

text: Amenhotep

text: II

text: 's

text: mummy

text: was

text: still

text: located

text: in

text: his

text: royal

text: sarcophagus

text: but

text: the

text: tomb

text: also

text: proved

text: to

text: hold

text: cache

text: of

text: several

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: New

text: Kingdom

text: Pharaohs

text: such

text: as

text: Thutmose

text: IV

text: Amenhotep

text: III

text: Ramesses

text: III

text: and

text: Thutmose

text: III

text: The

text: cache

text: of

text: Royal

text: Mummies

text: had

text: been

text: placed

text: in

text: to

text: protect

text: them

text: from

text: looting

text: by

text: tomb

text: robbers

text: by

text: the

text: Dynasty

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: Pinedjem

text:
Amun (also "Amon, Amen"; Greek "Ámmn", "Hámmn") was a major Ancient Egyptian deity. He was attested since the Old Kingdom together with his wife Amaunet.
With the 11th dynasty (21st century BC), he rose to the position of patron deity of Thebes by replacing Monthu.

text: Amun

text: also

text: Amon

text: Amen

text: Greek

text: Ámmn

text: Hámmn

text: was

text: major

text: Ancient

text: Egyptian

text: deity

text: He

text: was

text: attested

text: since

text: the

text: Old

text: Kingdom

text: together

text: with

text: his

text: wife

text: Amaunet

text: With

text: the

text: dynasty

text: century

text: BC

text: he

text: rose

text: to

text: the

text: position

text: of

text: patron

text: deity

text: of

text: Thebes

text: by

text: replacing

text: Monthu

text:
Biography.
Montet was born in Villefranche-sur-Saône, Rhône, and began his studies under Victor Loret at the University of Lyon.

text: Biography

text: Montet

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: Villefranche

text: sur

text: Saône

text: Rhône

text: and

text: began

text: his

text: studies

text: under

text: Victor

text: Loret

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Lyon

text: The Muhammad Ali dynasty ("Usrat Muhammad 'Ali"; Albanian: "Dinastia e Muhamed (Mehmet) Ali Pashës"; Turkish: "Mehmet Ali Paa Hanedan", "Kavalallar Hanedan") was the ruling dynasty of Egypt and Sudan, from the 19th to the mid-20th Century. It is named after its progenitor, Muhammad Ali Pasha, regarded as the founder of modern Egypt. It was also more formally known as the Alawiyya dynasty ("al-Usra al-'Alawiyya"). Because a majority of the rulers from this dynasty bore the title Khedive, it was often referred to by contemporaries as the 'Khedival dynasty'.

text: The

text: Muhammad

text: Ali

text: dynasty

text: Usrat

text: Muhammad

text: Ali

text: Albanian

text: Dinastia

text: Muhamed

text: Mehmet

text: Ali

text: Pashës

text: Turkish

text: Mehmet

text: Ali

text: Paa

text: Hanedan

text: Kavalallar

text: Hanedan

text: was

text: the

text: ruling

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: Sudan

text: from

text: the

text: to

text: the

text: Century

text: It

text: is

text: named

text: after

text: its

text: progenitor

text: Muhammad

text: Ali

text: Pasha

text: regarded

text: as

text: the

text: founder

text: of

text: modern

text: Egypt

text: It

text: was

text: also

text: more

text: formally

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Alawiyya

text: dynasty

text: al

text: Usra

text: al-'Alawiyya

text: Because

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: rulers

text: from

text: this

text: dynasty

text: bore

text: the

text: title

text: Khedive

text: it

text: was

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: contemporaries

text: as

text: the

text: Khedival

text: dynasty

text: Cremation is the combustion, vaporization and oxidation of cadavers to basic chemical compounds, such as gases, ashes and mineral fragments retaining the appearance of dry bone. Cremation may serve as a funeral or post-funeral rite as an alternative to the interment of an intact dead body in a coffin, casket or shroud. Cremated remains (aka "cremains" or simply, "ashes"), which do not constitute a health risk, may be buried or interred in memorial sites or cemeteries, or they may be retained by relatives and dispersed in various ways. Cremation is not an alternative to a funeral, but rather an alternative to burial or other forms of disposal. Some families prefer to have the deceased present at the funeral with cremation to follow; others prefer that the cremation occur prior to the funeral or memorial service.

text: Cremation

text: is

text: the

text: combustion

text: vaporization

text: and

text: oxidation

text: of

text: cadavers

text: to

text: basic

text: chemical

text: compounds

text: such

text: as

text: gases

text: ashes

text: and

text: mineral

text: fragments

text: retaining

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: dry

text: bone

text: Cremation

text: may

text: serve

text: as

text: funeral

text: or

text: post

text: funeral

text: rite

text: as

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: the

text: interment

text: of

text: an

text: intact

text: dead

text: body

text: in

text: coffin

text: casket

text: or

text: shroud

text: Cremated

text: remains

text: aka

text: cremains

text: or

text: simply

text: ashes

text: which

text: do

text: not

text: constitute

text: health

text: risk

text: may

text: be

text: buried

text: or

text: interred

text: in

text: memorial

text: sites

text: or

text: cemeteries

text: or

text: they

text: may

text: be

text: retained

text: by

text: relatives

text: and

text: dispersed

text: in

text: various

text: ways

text: Cremation

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: funeral

text: but

text: rather

text: an

text: alternative

text: to

text: burial

text: or

text: other

text: forms

text: of

text: disposal

text: Some

text: families

text: prefer

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: deceased

text: present

text: at

text: the

text: funeral

text: with

text: cremation

text: to

text: follow

text: others

text: prefer

text: that

text: the

text: cremation

text: occur

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: funeral

text: or

text: memorial

text: service

text: King Farouk ("Frq al-Awwal", 11 February 1920  18 March 1965) was the tenth ruler of Egypt from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty and the penultimate King of Egypt and the Sudan, succeeding his father, Fuad I, in 1936.

text: King

text: Farouk

text: Frq

text: al

text: Awwal

text: February

text: March

text: was

text: the

text: tenth

text: ruler

text: of

text: Egypt

text: from

text: the

text: Muhammad

text: Ali

text: Dynasty

text: and

text: the

text: penultimate

text: King

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Sudan

text: succeeding

text: his

text: father

text: Fuad

text: in

text:
Pinedjem I was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Ancient Egypt from 1070 to 1032 BC and the "de facto" ruler of the south of the country from 1054 BC. He was the son of the High Priest Piankh. However, many Egyptologists today believe that the succession in the Amun priesthood actually ran from Piankh to Herihor to Pinedjem I.
Reign.
According to the new hypothesis regarding the succession of the Amun priesthood, Pinedjem I was too young to succeed to the High Priesthood of Amun after the death of Piankh. Herihor instead intervened to assume to this office. After Herihor's death, Pinedjem I finally claimed this office which had once been held by his father Piankh. This interpretation is supported by the decorations from the Temple of Khonsu at Karnak where Herihor's wall reliefs here are immediately followed by those of Pinedjem I with no intervening phase for Piankh and also by the long career of Pinedjem I who served as High Priest of Amun and later as king at Thebes.
He inherited a political and religious base of power at Thebes. Pinedjem strengthened his control over both Middle and Upper Egypt and asserted his kingdom's virtual independence from the Twenty-first Dynasty based at Tanis. He married Duathathor-Henuttawy, a daughter of Ramesses XI, to cement his relations with the other powerful families of the period. Their son, Psusennes I, went on to become Pharaoh at Tanis, thereby removing at a stroke the gap between the two families. In practice, however, the 21st dynasty kings and the Theban high priests were probably never very far apart politically since they respected each other's political autonomy.

text: Pinedjem

text: was

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: at

text: Thebes

text: in

text: Ancient

text: Egypt

text: from

text: to

text: BC

text: and

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: ruler

text: of

text: the

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: from

text: BC

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: the

text: High

text: Priest

text: Piankh

text: However

text: many

text: Egyptologists

text: today

text: believe

text: that

text: the

text: succession

text: in

text: the

text: Amun

text: priesthood

text: actually

text: ran

text: from

text: Piankh

text: to

text: Herihor

text: to

text: Pinedjem

text: Reign

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: new

text: hypothesis

text: regarding

text: the

text: succession

text: of

text: the

text: Amun

text: priesthood

text: Pinedjem

text: was

text: too

text: young

text: to

text: succeed

text: to

text: the

text: High

text: Priesthood

text: of

text: Amun

text: after

text: the

text: death

text: of

text: Piankh

text: Herihor

text: instead

text: intervened

text: to

text: assume

text: to

text: this

text: office

text: After

text: Herihor

text: 's

text: death

text: Pinedjem

text: finally

text: claimed

text: this

text: office

text: which

text: had

text: once

text: been

text: held

text: by

text: his

text: father

text: Piankh

text: This

text: interpretation

text: is

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: decorations

text: from

text: the

text: Temple

text: of

text: Khonsu

text: at

text: Karnak

text: where

text: Herihor

text: 's

text: wall

text: reliefs

text: here

text: are

text: immediately

text: followed

text: by

text: those

text: of

text: Pinedjem

text: with

text: no

text: intervening

text: phase

text: for

text: Piankh

text: and

text: also

text: by

text: the

text: long

text: career

text: of

text: Pinedjem

text: who

text: served

text: as

text: High

text: Priest

text: of

text: Amun

text: and

text: later

text: as

text: king

text: at

text: Thebes

text: He

text: inherited

text: political

text: and

text: religious

text: base

text: of

text: power

text: at

text: Thebes

text: Pinedjem

text: strengthened

text: his

text: control

text: over

text: both

text: Middle

text: and

text: Upper

text: Egypt

text: and

text: asserted

text: his

text: kingdom

text: 's

text: virtual

text: independence

text: from

text: the

text: Twenty

text: first

text: Dynasty

text: based

text: at

text: Tanis

text: He

text: married

text: Duathathor

text: Henuttawy

text: daughter

text: of

text: Ramesses

text: XI

text: to

text: cement

text: his

text: relations

text: with

text: the

text: other

text: powerful

text: families

text: of

text: the

text: period

text: Their

text: son

text: Psusennes

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: Pharaoh

text: at

text: Tanis

text: thereby

text: removing

text: at

text: stroke

text: the

text: gap

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: families

text: In

text: practice

text: however

text: the

text: dynasty

text: kings

text: and

text: the

text: Theban

text: high

text: priests

text: were

text: probably

text: never

text: very

text: far

text: apart

text: politically

text: since

text: they

text: respected

text: each

text: other

text: 's

text: political

text: autonomy

text: A coffin is a funerary box used for viewing or keeping a corpse, either for burial or cremation.

text: coffin

text: is

text: funerary

text: box

text: used

text: for

text: viewing

text: or

text: keeping

text: corpse

text: either

text: for

text: burial

text: or

text: cremation

text: Noon (also midday or noon time) is usually defined as 12 o'clock in the daytime, that is, 12 in the afternoon or 12p.m. The term midday is also used colloquially to refer to an arbitrary period of time in the middle of the day. Solar noon is when the sun crosses the meridian and is at its highest elevation in the sky, at 12 o'clock apparent solar time. The local or clock time of solar noon depends on the longitude and date. The opposite of noon is midnight.

text: Noon

text: also

text: midday

text: or

text: noon

text: time

text: is

text: usually

text: defined

text: as

text: o'clock

text: in

text: the

text: daytime

text: that

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: afternoon

text: or

text: p.m.

text: The

text: term

text: midday

text: is

text: also

text: used

text: colloquially

text: to

text: refer

text: to

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: period

text: of

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: middle

text: of

text: the

text: day

text: Solar

text: noon

text: is

text: when

text: the

text: sun

text: crosses

text: the

text: meridian

text: and

text: is

text: at

text: its

text: highest

text: elevation

text: in

text: the

text: sky

text: at

text: o'clock

text: apparent

text: solar

text: time

text: The

text: local

text: or

text: clock

text: time

text: of

text: solar

text: noon

text: depends

text: on

text: the

text: longitude

text: and

text: date

text: The

text: opposite

text: of

text: noon

text: is

text: midnight

text: Ra ("R") or Re ("R") is the ancient Egyptian sun god. By the Fifth Dynasty in the 25th and 24th centuries , he had become a major god in ancient Egyptian religion, identified primarily with the noon sun.

text: Ra

text: or

text: Re

text: is

text: the

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: sun

text: god

text: By

text: the

text: Fifth

text: Dynasty

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: he

text: had

text: become

text: major

text: god

text: in

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: religion

text: identified

text: primarily

text: with

text: the

text: noon

text: sun

text: The Rhône (; Walliser German: "Rotten"  ) is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising in the Rhône Glacier in the Swiss Alps at the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais, passing through Lake Geneva and running through southeastern France. At Arles, near its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea, the river divides into two branches, known as the Great Rhône (French: "Le Grand Rhône") and the Little Rhône ("Le Petit Rhône"). The resulting delta constitutes the Camargue region.

text: The

text: Rhône

text: Walliser

text: German

text: Rotten

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: rivers

text: of

text: Europe

text: rising

text: in

text: the

text: Rhône

text: Glacier

text: in

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Alps

text: at

text: the

text: far

text: eastern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Swiss

text: canton

text: of

text: Valais

text: passing

text: through

text: Lake

text: Geneva

text: and

text: running

text: through

text: southeastern

text: France

text: At

text: Arles

text: near

text: its

text: mouth

text: on

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: the

text: river

text: divides

text: into

text: two

text: branches

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Great

text: Rhône

text: French

text: Le

text: Grand

text: Rhône

text: and

text: the

text: Little

text: Rhône

text: Le

text: Petit

text: Rhône

text: The

text: resulting

text: delta

text: constitutes

text: the

text: Camargue

text: region

text: Pharaoh is the common title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150) until the Macedonian conquest in 305 BC, although the actual term "Pharaoh" was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until circa 1200 BCE.

text: Pharaoh

text: is

text: the

text: common

text: title

text: of

text: the

text: monarchs

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egypt

text: from

text: the

text: First

text: Dynasty

text: until

text: the

text: Macedonian

text: conquest

text: in

text: BC

text: although

text: the

text: actual

text: term

text: Pharaoh

text: was

text: not

text: used

text: contemporaneously

text: for

text: ruler

text: until

text: circa

text: BCE

text: Psusennes I (Greek ) was the third pharaoh of the 21st Dynasty who ruled from Tanis between 1047  1001 BC. "Psusennes" is the Greek version of his original name Pasibkhanu or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut (Egyptian "or-p3-sib3--<n>-niwt") which means "The Star Appearing in the City" while his throne name, Akheperre Setepenamun, translates as "Great are the Manifestations of Ra, chosen of Amun." He was the son of Pinedjem I and Henuttawy, Ramesses XI's daughter by Tentamun. He married his sister Mutnedjmet.

text: Psusennes

text: Greek

text: was

text: the

text: third

text: pharaoh

text: of

text: the

text: Dynasty

text: who

text: ruled

text: from

text: Tanis

text: between

text: BC

text: Psusennes

text: is

text: the

text: Greek

text: version

text: of

text: his

text: original

text: name

text: Pasibkhanu

text: or

text: Hor

text: Pasebakhaenniut

text: Egyptian

text: or

text: -<n>-niwt

text: which

text: means

text: The

text: Star

text: Appearing

text: in

text: the

text: City

text: while

text: his

text: throne

text: name

text: Akheperre

text: Setepenamun

text: translates

text: as

text: Great

text: are

text: the

text: Manifestations

text: of

text: Ra

text: chosen

text: of

text: Amun

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: son

text: of

text: Pinedjem

text: and

text: Henuttawy

text: Ramesses

text: XI

text: 's

text: daughter

text: by

text: Tentamun

text: He

text: married

text: his

text: sister

text: Mutnedjmet

text: Ancient Egyptian religion was a complex system of polytheistic beliefs and rituals which were an integral part of ancient Egyptian society. It centered on the Egyptians' interaction with many deities who were believed to be present in, and in control of, the forces of nature. Rituals such as prayers and offerings were efforts to provide for the gods and gain their favor. Formal religious practice centered on the pharaoh, the king of Egypt, who was believed to possess a divine power by virtue of his position. He acted as the intermediary between his people and the gods and was obligated to sustain the gods through rituals and offerings so that they could maintain order in the universe. The state dedicated enormous resources to Egyptian rituals and to the construction of the temples.

text: Ancient

text: Egyptian

text: religion

text: was

text: complex

text: system

text: of

text: polytheistic

text: beliefs

text: and

text: rituals

text: which

text: were

text: an

text: integral

text: part

text: of

text: ancient

text: Egyptian

text: society

text: It

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: Egyptians

text: interaction

text: with

text: many

text: deities

text: who

text: were

text: believed

text: to

text: be

text: present

text: in

text: and

text: in

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: forces

text: of

text: nature

text: Rituals

text: such

text: as

text: prayers

text: and

text: offerings

text: were

text: efforts

text: to

text: provide

text: for

text: the

text: gods

text: and

text: gain

text: their

text: favor

text: Formal

text: religious

text: practice

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: pharaoh

text: the

text: king

text: of

text: Egypt

text: who

text: was

text: believed

text: to

text: possess

text: divine

text: power

text: by

text: virtue

text: of

text: his

text: position

text: He

text: acted

text: as

text: the

text: intermediary

text: between

text: his

text: people

text: and

text: the

text: gods

text: and

text: was

text: obligated

text: to

text: sustain

text: the

text: gods

text: through

text: rituals

text: and

text: offerings

text: so

text: that

text: they

text: could

text: maintain

text: order

text: in

text: the

text: universe

text: The

text: state

text: dedicated

text: enormous

text: resources

text: to

text: Egyptian

text: rituals

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: the

text: temples

text: Sudan ("as-Sdn", ), also known as North Sudan and officially the Republic of the Sudan ("Jumhriyyat as-Sdn"), is a country in Northern Africa. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea, and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. It is the third largest country in Africa. The River Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves. Before the Sudanese Civil War, South Sudan was part of Sudan but broke away in 2011. Its predominant religion is Islam.

text: Sudan

text: as

text: Sdn

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: North

text: Sudan

text: and

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: the

text: Sudan

text: Jumhriyyat

text: as

text: Sdn

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Northern

text: Africa

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Eritrea

text: and

text: Ethiopia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: South

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: the

text: Central

text: African

text: Republic

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Chad

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: Africa

text: The

text: River

text: Nile

text: divides

text: the

text: country

text: into

text: eastern

text: and

text: western

text: halves

text: Before

text: the

text: Sudanese

text: Civil

text: War

text: South

text: Sudan

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: Sudan

text: but

text: broke

text: away

text: in

text: Its

text: predominant

text: religion

text: is

text: Islam

text: Heqakheperre Shoshenq II or Shoshenq IIa was an Egyptian king of the 22nd dynasty of Egypt . He was the only ruler of this Dynasty whose tomb was not plundered by tomb robbers . His final resting place was discovered within an antechamber of Psusennes I 's tomb at Tanis by Pierre Montet in 1939 . Montet removed the coffin lid of Shoshenq II on March 20 , 1939 , in the presence of king Farouk of Egypt himself . It proved to contain a large number of jewel - encrusted bracelets and pectorals , along with a beautiful hawkheaded silver coffin and a gold funerary mask . The gold facemask had been placed upon the head of the king . Montet later discovered the intact tombs of two Dynasty 21 kings -- Psusennes I and Amenemope a year later in February and April 1940 respectively . Shoshenq II 's prenomen , Heqakheperre Setepenre , means `` The manifestation of Ra rules , the chosen one of Ra . ''

text: Heqakheperre

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: or

text: Shoshenq

text: IIa

text: was

text: an

text: Egyptian

text: king

text: of

text: the

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: only

text: ruler

text: of

text: this

text: Dynasty

text: whose

text: tomb

text: was

text: not

text: plundered

text: by

text: tomb

text: robbers

text: His

text: final

text: resting

text: place

text: was

text: discovered

text: within

text: an

text: antechamber

text: of

text: Psusennes

text: 's

text: tomb

text: at

text: Tanis

text: by

text: Pierre

text: Montet

text: in

text: Montet

text: removed

text: the

text: coffin

text: lid

text: of

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: on

text: March

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: king

text: Farouk

text: of

text: Egypt

text: himself

text: It

text: proved

text: to

text: contain

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: jewel

text: encrusted

text: bracelets

text: and

text: pectorals

text: along

text: with

text: beautiful

text: hawkheaded

text: silver

text: coffin

text: and

text: gold

text: funerary

text: mask

text: The

text: gold

text: facemask

text: had

text: been

text: placed

text: upon

text: the

text: head

text: of

text: the

text: king

text: Montet

text: later

text: discovered

text: the

text: intact

text: tombs

text: of

text: two

text: Dynasty

text: kings

text: Psusennes

text: and

text: Amenemope

text: year

text: later

text: in

text: February

text: and

text: April

text: respectively

text: Shoshenq

text: II

text: 's

text: prenomen

text: Heqakheperre

text: Setepenre

text: means

text: The

text: manifestation

text: of

text: Ra

text: rules

text: the

text: chosen

text: one

text: of

text: Ra

text: Ramesses XI (also written Ramses and Rameses) reigned from 1107 BC to 1078 BC or 1077 BC and was the tenth and final pharaoh of the Twentieth dynasty of Egypt. He ruled Egypt for at least 29 years although some Egyptologists think he could have ruled for as long as 30. The latter figure would be up to 2 years beyond this king's highest known date of Year 10 of the "Whm Mswt" era or Year 28 of his reign. One scholar, Ad Thijs, has even suggested that Ramesses XI reigned as long as 33 yearssuch is the degree of uncertainty surrounding the end of his long reign.

text: Ramesses

text: XI

text: also

text: written

text: Ramses

text: and

text: Rameses

text: reigned

text: from

text: BC

text: to

text: BC

text: or

text: BC

text: and

text: was

text: the

text: tenth

text: and

text: final

text: pharaoh

text: of

text: the

text: Twentieth

text: dynasty

text: of

text: Egypt

text: He

text: ruled

text: Egypt

text: for

text: at

text: least

text: years

text: although

text: some

text: Egyptologists

text: think

text: he

text: could

text: have

text: ruled

text: for

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: The

text: latter

text: figure

text: would

text: be

text: up

text: to

text: years

text: beyond

text: this

text: king

text: 's

text: highest

text: known

text: date

text: of

text: Year

text: of

text: the

text: Whm

text: Mswt

text: era

text: or

text: Year

text: of

text: his

text: reign

text: One

text: scholar

text: Ad

text: Thijs

text: has

text: even

text: suggested

text: that

text: Ramesses

text: XI

text: reigned

text: as

text: long

text: as

text: yearssuch

text: is

text: the

text: degree

text: of

text: uncertainty

text: surrounding

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: his

text: long

text: reign

text: King of Egypt and the Sudan ("") was the title used by the Egyptian monarch from 16 October 1951 until the abolition of the monarchy on 18 June 1953.

text: King

text: of

text: Egypt

text: and

text: the

text: Sudan

text: was

text: the

text: title

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: Egyptian

text: monarch

text: from

text: October

text: until

text: the

text: abolition

text: of

text: the

text: monarchy

text: on

text: June

annotations: follows single

question: occupation shoshenq ii

answer: high priest

text: high priest

text: high priest

text: high priest

text: high priest


text: Brandy Rayana Norwood (born February 11, 1979), known professionally as Brandy, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born into a musical family in McComb, Mississippi and raised in Carson, California, she began her career as a child and performed as a backing vocalist for teen groups. In 1993, Norwood signed with Atlantic Records. The following year, she released her self-titled debut album, which was certified quadruple Platinum in the US, selling six million copies worldwide. Norwood starred in the UPN sitcom "Moesha" as the title character, which lasted six seasons and resulted in numerous other roles. She resumed her music career in 1998 with the widely successful duet with fellow R&B contemporary Monica, "The Boy Is Mine", which went on to become the best selling female duet of all time, and one of the longest running number one singles in history. Her second album, "Never Say Never" sold 16 million copies worldwide, featured two number one singles, and earned Norwood her first Grammy Award. This launched her into international stardom, with films, endorsements, sold out concert tours, and her own line of Barbie dolls.

text: Brandy

text: Rayana

text: Norwood

text: born

text: February

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Brandy

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: record

text: producer

text: and

text: actress

text: Born

text: into

text: musical

text: family

text: in

text: McComb

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Carson

text: California

text: she

text: began

text: her

text: career

text: as

text: child

text: and

text: performed

text: as

text: backing

text: vocalist

text: for

text: teen

text: groups

text: In

text: Norwood

text: signed

text: with

text: Atlantic

text: Records

text: The

text: following

text: year

text: she

text: released

text: her

text: self

text: titled

text: debut

text: album

text: which

text: was

text: certified

text: quadruple

text: Platinum

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: selling

text: six

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

text: Norwood

text: starred

text: in

text: the

text: UPN

text: sitcom

text: Moesha

text: as

text: the

text: title

text: character

text: which

text: lasted

text: six

text: seasons

text: and

text: resulted

text: in

text: numerous

text: other

text: roles

text: She

text: resumed

text: her

text: music

text: career

text: in

text: with

text: the

text: widely

text: successful

text: duet

text: with

text: fellow

text: R&B

text: contemporary

text: Monica

text: The

text: Boy

text: Is

text: Mine

text: which

text: went

text: on

text: to

text: become

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: female

text: duet

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: running

text: number

text: one

text: singles

text: in

text: history

text: Her

text: second

text: album

text: Never

text: Say

text: Never

text: sold

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

text: featured

text: two

text: number

text: one

text: singles

text: and

text: earned

text: Norwood

text: her

text: first

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: This

text: launched

text: her

text: into

text: international

text: stardom

text: with

text: films

text: endorsements

text: sold

text: out

text: concert

text: tours

text: and

text: her

text: own

text: line

text: of

text: Barbie

text: dolls

text: Jive Records was an American record label under the RCA Music Group formed in 1981 by Zomba Records. Formerly headquartered in New York City, the label was best known for a string of successes with hip hop artists in the 1980s, and also in teen pop and boy bands during the 1990s and the early 2000s.

text: Jive

text: Records

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: under

text: the

text: RCA

text: Music

text: Group

text: formed

text: in

text: by

text: Zomba

text: Records

text: Formerly

text: headquartered

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: label

text: was

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: string

text: of

text: successes

text: with

text: hip

text: hop

text: artists

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: also

text: in

text: teen

text: pop

text: and

text: boy

text: bands

text: during

text: the

text: and

text: the

text: early

text: `` Disturbia '' is a song recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna for Good Girl Gone Bad : Reloaded ( 2008 ) , a re-release of her third studio album Good Girl Gone Bad ( 2007 ) . It was written by Andre Merritt , Chris Brown , Brian Kennedy and Rob . A ! , with production of the song helmed by Kennedy . The song was released as the third single from the reloaded edition of the album , and seventh overall . `` Disturbia '' was sent to US Contemporary hit radio on June 17 , 2008 , and was released as a CD single in the United Kingdom on July 22 , 2008 . `` Disturbia '' is an uptempo dance - pop and electropop song with a `` sizzling '' beat . Lyrically , the song is about the experiences of anguish , anxiety and confusion . The song received positive reviews from music critics , who generally praised its dark musical tone , lyrics and beat , and noted that it is reminiscent of Rihanna 's previous single , `` Do n't Stop the Music '' ( 2007 ) . `` Disturbia '' earned Rihanna an award for Best International Song at the 2009 NRJ Music Awards and a nomination for Best Dance Recording at the 2009 Grammy Awards . `` Disturbia '' was a commercial success , and peaked at number one in Belgium ( Flanders ) and New Zealand and became a top - ten hit in more than twenty countries including Australia , Canada and the United Kingdom . The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for two consecutive weeks , and became Rihanna 's third number - one single from Good Girl Gone Bad and fourth overall on the Hot 100 . The accompanying music video for `` Disturbia '' was directed by Anthony Mandler , which portrays Rihanna in various locations such as in a prison cell and gas chamber . `` Disturbia '' has regularly featured on the set lists of Rihanna 's tours and live performances since its release .

text: Disturbia

text: is

text: song

text: recorded

text: by

text: Barbadian

text: singer

text: Rihanna

text: for

text: Good

text: Girl

text: Gone

text: Bad

text: Reloaded

text: re

text: release

text: of

text: her

text: third

text: studio

text: album

text: Good

text: Girl

text: Gone

text: Bad

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: Andre

text: Merritt

text: Chris

text: Brown

text: Brian

text: Kennedy

text: and

text: Rob

text: with

text: production

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: helmed

text: by

text: Kennedy

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: the

text: third

text: single

text: from

text: the

text: reloaded

text: edition

text: of

text: the

text: album

text: and

text: seventh

text: overall

text: Disturbia

text: was

text: sent

text: to

text: US

text: Contemporary

text: hit

text: radio

text: on

text: June

text: and

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: CD

text: single

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: on

text: July

text: Disturbia

text: is

text: an

text: uptempo

text: dance

text: pop

text: and

text: electropop

text: song

text: with

text: sizzling

text: beat

text: Lyrically

text: the

text: song

text: is

text: about

text: the

text: experiences

text: of

text: anguish

text: anxiety

text: and

text: confusion

text: The

text: song

text: received

text: positive

text: reviews

text: from

text: music

text: critics

text: who

text: generally

text: praised

text: its

text: dark

text: musical

text: tone

text: lyrics

text: and

text: beat

text: and

text: noted

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: reminiscent

text: of

text: Rihanna

text: 's

text: previous

text: single

text: Do

text: n't

text: Stop

text: the

text: Music

text: Disturbia

text: earned

text: Rihanna

text: an

text: award

text: for

text: Best

text: International

text: Song

text: at

text: the

text: NRJ

text: Music

text: Awards

text: and

text: nomination

text: for

text: Best

text: Dance

text: Recording

text: at

text: the

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: Disturbia

text: was

text: commercial

text: success

text: and

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: one

text: in

text: Belgium

text: Flanders

text: and

text: New

text: Zealand

text: and

text: became

text: top

text: ten

text: hit

text: in

text: more

text: than

text: twenty

text: countries

text: including

text: Australia

text: Canada

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: song

text: topped

text: the

text: US

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: chart

text: for

text: two

text: consecutive

text: weeks

text: and

text: became

text: Rihanna

text: 's

text: third

text: number

text: one

text: single

text: from

text: Good

text: Girl

text: Gone

text: Bad

text: and

text: fourth

text: overall

text: on

text: the

text: Hot

text: The

text: accompanying

text: music

text: video

text: for

text: Disturbia

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Anthony

text: Mandler

text: which

text: portrays

text: Rihanna

text: in

text: various

text: locations

text: such

text: as

text: in

text: prison

text: cell

text: and

text: gas

text: chamber

text: Disturbia

text: has

text: regularly

text: featured

text: on

text: the

text: set

text: lists

text: of

text: Rihanna

text: 's

text: tours

text: and

text: live

text: performances

text: since

text: its

text: release

text: Jordin Brianna Sparks (born December 22, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She rose to fame in 2007 after winning the sixth season of "American Idol"; at age 16, she became the youngest winner in the series' history. Her self-titled debut studio album, released later that year, was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) and has sold over two million copies worldwide. The album spawned the "Billboard" Hot 100 top-ten singles "Tattoo" and "No Air"; the latter, a collaboration with Chris Brown, is currently the third highest-selling single by any "American Idol" contestant, selling over three million digital copies in the United States. The song earned Sparks her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.

text: Jordin

text: Brianna

text: Sparks

text: born

text: December

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: actress

text: She

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: in

text: after

text: winning

text: the

text: sixth

text: season

text: of

text: American

text: Idol

text: at

text: age

text: she

text: became

text: the

text: youngest

text: winner

text: in

text: the

text: series

text: history

text: Her

text: self

text: titled

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: released

text: later

text: that

text: year

text: was

text: certified

text: platinum

text: by

text: the

text: Recording

text: Industry

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: RIAA

text: and

text: has

text: sold

text: over

text: two

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

text: The

text: album

text: spawned

text: the

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: top

text: ten

text: singles

text: Tattoo

text: and

text: No

text: Air

text: the

text: latter

text: collaboration

text: with

text: Chris

text: Brown

text: is

text: currently

text: the

text: third

text: highest

text: selling

text: single

text: by

text: any

text: American

text: Idol

text: contestant

text: selling

text: over

text: three

text: million

text: digital

text: copies

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: song

text: earned

text: Sparks

text: her

text: first

text: Grammy

text: Award

text: nomination

text: for

text: Best

text: Pop

text: Collaboration

text: with

text: Vocals

text: The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says "create, manufacture and/or distribute approximately 85% of all legally sold recorded music in the United States." The RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D.C.

text: The

text: Recording

text: Industry

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: RIAA

text: is

text: continental

text: North

text: and

text: South

text: American

text: trade

text: organization

text: that

text: represents

text: the

text: recording

text: industry

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Its

text: members

text: consist

text: of

text: record

text: labels

text: and

text: distributors

text: which

text: the

text: RIAA

text: says

text: create

text: manufacture

text: and/or

text: distribute

text: approximately

text: of

text: all

text: legally

text: sold

text: recorded

text: music

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: RIAA

text: headquarters

text: is

text: in

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Music of the Sun is the debut studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released by Def Jam Recordings on August 12, 2005. Prior to signing with Def Jam, Rihanna was discovered by record producer Evan Rogers in Barbados, who helped Rihanna record demo tapes to send out to several record labels. Jay-Z, the former chief executive officer (CEO) and president of Def Jam, was given Rihanna's demo by Jay Brown, his A&R at Def Jam, and invited her to audition for the label after hearing what turned out to be her first single, "Pon de Replay". She auditioned for Jay-Z and L.A. Reid, the former CEO and president of record label group The Island Def Jam Music Group, and was signed on the spot to prevent her from signing with another record label.

text: Music

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: Barbadian

text: singer

text: Rihanna

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: Def

text: Jam

text: Recordings

text: on

text: August

text: Prior

text: to

text: signing

text: with

text: Def

text: Jam

text: Rihanna

text: was

text: discovered

text: by

text: record

text: producer

text: Evan

text: Rogers

text: in

text: Barbados

text: who

text: helped

text: Rihanna

text: record

text: demo

text: tapes

text: to

text: send

text: out

text: to

text: several

text: record

text: labels

text: Jay

text: the

text: former

text: chief

text: executive

text: officer

text: CEO

text: and

text: president

text: of

text: Def

text: Jam

text: was

text: given

text: Rihanna

text: 's

text: demo

text: by

text: Jay

text: Brown

text: his

text: A&R

text: at

text: Def

text: Jam

text: and

text: invited

text: her

text: to

text: audition

text: for

text: the

text: label

text: after

text: hearing

text: what

text: turned

text: out

text: to

text: be

text: her

text: first

text: single

text: Pon

text: de

text: Replay

text: She

text: auditioned

text: for

text: Jay

text: and

text: L.A.

text: Reid

text: the

text: former

text: CEO

text: and

text: president

text: of

text: record

text: label

text: group

text: The

text: Island

text: Def

text: Jam

text: Music

text: Group

text: and

text: was

text: signed

text: on

text: the

text: spot

text: to

text: prevent

text: her

text: from

text: signing

text: with

text: another

text: record

text: label

text: Quaadir Atkinson, professionally known as Neo da Matrix, is an American hip hop producer from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He attended Stone Mountain High School in Stone Mountain, Georgia. He has worked with Swizz Beatz as an in-house producer for Ruff Ryders Entertainment and has produced for the likes of Cassidy. Neo Da Matrix is currently working on projects for Cassidy, Jadakiss, Swizz Beatz, Young Chris, Eve, Fabolous, Mýa, David Banner, Juelz Santana, Nina Sky, Tru Life, Range and more.

text: Quaadir

text: Atkinson

text: professionally

text: known

text: as

text: Neo

text: da

text: Matrix

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: producer

text: from

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: He

text: attended

text: Stone

text: Mountain

text: High

text: School

text: in

text: Stone

text: Mountain

text: Georgia

text: He

text: has

text: worked

text: with

text: Swizz

text: Beatz

text: as

text: an

text: in

text: house

text: producer

text: for

text: Ruff

text: Ryders

text: Entertainment

text: and

text: has

text: produced

text: for

text: the

text: likes

text: of

text: Cassidy

text: Neo

text: Da

text: Matrix

text: is

text: currently

text: working

text: on

text: projects

text: for

text: Cassidy

text: Jadakiss

text: Swizz

text: Beatz

text: Young

text: Chris

text: Eve

text: Fabolous

text: Mýa

text: David

text: Banner

text: Juelz

text: Santana

text: Nina

text: Sky

text: Tru

text: Life

text: Range

text: and

text: more

text: Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the Western world as a softer alternative to rock and roll. The terms "popular music" and "pop music" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many styles. "Pop" and "rock" were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were increasingly used in opposition from each other.

text: Pop

text: music

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: popular

text: music

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: its

text: modern

text: form

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: world

text: as

text: softer

text: alternative

text: to

text: rock

text: and

text: roll

text: The

text: terms

text: popular

text: music

text: and

text: pop

text: music

text: are

text: often

text: used

text: interchangeably

text: although

text: the

text: former

text: describes

text: all

text: music

text: that

text: is

text: popular

text: and

text: includes

text: many

text: styles

text: Pop

text: and

text: rock

text: were

text: synonymous

text: terms

text: until

text: the

text: late

text: when

text: they

text: were

text: increasingly

text: used

text: in

text: opposition

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: Contemporary hit radio (also known as CHR, contemporary hits, hit list, current hits, hit music, top 40, or pop radio) is a radio format that is common in the United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Singapore and South Africa that focuses on playing current and recurrent popular music as determined by the top 40 music charts. There are several subcategories, dominantly focusing on rock, pop, or urban music. Used alone, "CHR" most often refers to the CHR-pop format. The term "contemporary hit radio" was coined in the early 1980s by "Radio & Records" magazine to designate top 40 stations which continued to play hits from all musical genres as pop music splintered into adult contemporary, urban contemporary and other formats.

text: Contemporary

text: hit

text: radio

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: CHR

text: contemporary

text: hits

text: hit

text: list

text: current

text: hits

text: hit

text: music

text: top

text: or

text: pop

text: radio

text: is

text: radio

text: format

text: that

text: is

text: common

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Ireland

text: Canada

text: New

text: Zealand

text: Australia

text: Singapore

text: and

text: South

text: Africa

text: that

text: focuses

text: on

text: playing

text: current

text: and

text: recurrent

text: popular

text: music

text: as

text: determined

text: by

text: the

text: top

text: music

text: charts

text: There

text: are

text: several

text: subcategories

text: dominantly

text: focusing

text: on

text: rock

text: pop

text: or

text: urban

text: music

text: Used

text: alone

text: CHR

text: most

text: often

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: CHR

text: pop

text: format

text: The

text: term

text: contemporary

text: hit

text: radio

text: was

text: coined

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: by

text: Radio

text: Records

text: magazine

text: to

text: designate

text: top

text: stations

text: which

text: continued

text: to

text: play

text: hits

text: from

text: all

text: musical

text: genres

text: as

text: pop

text: music

text: splintered

text: into

text: adult

text: contemporary

text: urban

text: contemporary

text: and

text: other

text: formats

text: "Shortie like Mine" is a song by rapper Bow Wow. It is the first single from his fifth studio album, "The Price of Fame" (2006). This song features American R&B singers Chris Brown & Johntá Austin.

text: Shortie

text: like

text: Mine

text: is

text: song

text: by

text: rapper

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: first

text: single

text: from

text: his

text: fifth

text: studio

text: album

text: The

text: Price

text: of

text: Fame

text: This

text: song

text: features

text: American

text: R&B

text: singers

text: Chris

text: Brown

text: Johntá

text: Austin

text: Dance-pop is a pop and dance subgenre that originated in the early 1980s. It is generally up-tempo music intended for nightclubs with the intention of being danceable but also suitable for contemporary hit radio. Developing from a combination of electronic dance music and pop music, with influences of disco music, post-disco, new wave, synthpop, electropop and house, it is generally characterised by strong beats with easy, uncomplicated song structures which are generally more similar to pop music than the more free-form dance genre, with an emphasis on melody as well as catchy tunes. The genre, on the whole, tends to be producer-driven, despite some notable exceptions.

text: Dance

text: pop

text: is

text: pop

text: and

text: dance

text: subgenre

text: that

text: originated

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: up

text: tempo

text: music

text: intended

text: for

text: nightclubs

text: with

text: the

text: intention

text: of

text: being

text: danceable

text: but

text: also

text: suitable

text: for

text: contemporary

text: hit

text: radio

text: Developing

text: from

text: combination

text: of

text: electronic

text: dance

text: music

text: and

text: pop

text: music

text: with

text: influences

text: of

text: disco

text: music

text: post

text: disco

text: new

text: wave

text: synthpop

text: electropop

text: and

text: house

text: it

text: is

text: generally

text: characterised

text: by

text: strong

text: beats

text: with

text: easy

text: uncomplicated

text: song

text: structures

text: which

text: are

text: generally

text: more

text: similar

text: to

text: pop

text: music

text: than

text: the

text: more

text: free

text: form

text: dance

text: genre

text: with

text: an

text: emphasis

text: on

text: melody

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: catchy

text: tunes

text: The

text: genre

text: on

text: the

text: whole

text: tends

text: to

text: be

text: producer

text: driven

text: despite

text: some

text: notable

text: exceptions

text: Faheem Rashad Najm (born September 30, 1985), better known by his stage name T-Pain, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer from Tallahassee, Florida. His debut album, "Rappa Ternt Sanga", was released in 2005. In 2007, T-Pain released his second album "Epiphany", which reached number one on the US "Billboard" 200 chart. His third album, "Thr33 Ringz", was released in 2008. T-Pain has also released a string of hit singles, including "I'm Sprung", "I'm 'n Luv (Wit a Stripper)", "Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')", "Bartender", "Can't Believe It", "5 O'Clock" and more. T-Pain has earned two Grammy Awards, alongside artists Kanye West and Jamie Foxx respectively.

text: Faheem

text: Rashad

text: Najm

text: born

text: September

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: his

text: stage

text: name

text: Pain

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: and

text: record

text: producer

text: from

text: Tallahassee

text: Florida

text: His

text: debut

text: album

text: Rappa

text: Ternt

text: Sanga

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: In

text: Pain

text: released

text: his

text: second

text: album

text: Epiphany

text: which

text: reached

text: number

text: one

text: on

text: the

text: US

text: Billboard

text: chart

text: His

text: third

text: album

text: Ringz

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Pain

text: has

text: also

text: released

text: string

text: of

text: hit

text: singles

text: including

text: 'm

text: Sprung

text: 'm

text: Luv

text: Wit

text: Stripper

text: Buy

text: Drank

text: Shawty

text: Snappin

text: Bartender

text: Ca

text: n't

text: Believe

text: It

text: O'Clock

text: and

text: more

text: Pain

text: has

text: earned

text: two

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: alongside

text: artists

text: Kanye

text: West

text: and

text: Jamie

text: Foxx

text: respectively

text: Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format released in 1982 and co-developed by Philips and Sony. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD-RW), Video Compact Disc (VCD), Super Video Compact Disc (SVCD), Photo CD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Music CD. Audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982, when the first commercially available CD player was released in Japan.

text: Compact

text: disc

text: CD

text: is

text: digital

text: optical

text: disc

text: data

text: storage

text: format

text: released

text: in

text: and

text: co

text: developed

text: by

text: Philips

text: and

text: Sony

text: The

text: format

text: was

text: originally

text: developed

text: to

text: store

text: and

text: play

text: only

text: sound

text: recordings

text: but

text: was

text: later

text: adapted

text: for

text: storage

text: of

text: data

text: CD

text: ROM

text: Several

text: other

text: formats

text: were

text: further

text: derived

text: from

text: these

text: including

text: write

text: once

text: audio

text: and

text: data

text: storage

text: CD

text: rewritable

text: media

text: CD

text: RW

text: Video

text: Compact

text: Disc

text: VCD

text: Super

text: Video

text: Compact

text: Disc

text: SVCD

text: Photo

text: CD

text: PictureCD

text: CD

text: and

text: Enhanced

text: Music

text: CD

text: Audio

text: CD

text: players

text: have

text: been

text: commercially

text: available

text: since

text: October

text: when

text: the

text: first

text: commercially

text: available

text: CD

text: player

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: Japan

text: Good Girl Gone Bad is the third studio album by Barbadian singer Rihanna. It was released on May 31, 2007, by Def Jam Recordings and SRP Records. Rihanna worked with various producers on the album, including Christopher "Tricky" Stewart, Terius "Dream" Nash, Neo da Matrix, Timbaland, Carl Sturken, Evan Rogers and StarGate. Inspired by Brandy Norwood's fourth studio album "Afrodisiac" (2004), "Good Girl Gone Bad" is a pop, dance-pop and R&B album with 1980s music influences. Described as a turning point in Rihanna's career, it represents a departure from the Caribbean sound of her previous releases, "Music of the Sun" (2005) and "A Girl like Me" (2006). Apart from the sound, she also endorsed a new image for the release going from an innocent girl to an edgier and more sexual look.

text: Good

text: Girl

text: Gone

text: Bad

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: studio

text: album

text: by

text: Barbadian

text: singer

text: Rihanna

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: May

text: by

text: Def

text: Jam

text: Recordings

text: and

text: SRP

text: Records

text: Rihanna

text: worked

text: with

text: various

text: producers

text: on

text: the

text: album

text: including

text: Christopher

text: Tricky

text: Stewart

text: Terius

text: Dream

text: Nash

text: Neo

text: da

text: Matrix

text: Timbaland

text: Carl

text: Sturken

text: Evan

text: Rogers

text: and

text: StarGate

text: Inspired

text: by

text: Brandy

text: Norwood

text: 's

text: fourth

text: studio

text: album

text: Afrodisiac

text: Good

text: Girl

text: Gone

text: Bad

text: is

text: pop

text: dance

text: pop

text: and

text: R&B

text: album

text: with

text: music

text: influences

text: Described

text: as

text: turning

text: point

text: in

text: Rihanna

text: 's

text: career

text: it

text: represents

text: departure

text: from

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: sound

text: of

text: her

text: previous

text: releases

text: Music

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: Girl

text: like

text: Me

text: Apart

text: from

text: the

text: sound

text: she

text: also

text: endorsed

text: new

text: image

text: for

text: the

text: release

text: going

text: from

text: an

text: innocent

text: girl

text: to

text: an

text: edgier

text: and

text: more

text: sexual

text: look

text: "Shawty Get Loose" is the third single from hip hop artist Lil Mama's debut album, "". The single is the remix version, where it features Chris Brown singing the chorus, and T-Pain rapping on the second verse. In the original, T-Pain originally sings the chorus, while Lil Mama raps on the second verse. Instead of T-Pain using the Auto-Tune effect, Chris Brown uses it, like he did in his other collaboration with T-Pain, "Kiss Kiss".

text: Shawty

text: Get

text: Loose

text: is

text: the

text: third

text: single

text: from

text: hip

text: hop

text: artist

text: Lil

text: Mama

text: 's

text: debut

text: album

text: The

text: single

text: is

text: the

text: remix

text: version

text: where

text: it

text: features

text: Chris

text: Brown

text: singing

text: the

text: chorus

text: and

text: Pain

text: rapping

text: on

text: the

text: second

text: verse

text: In

text: the

text: original

text: Pain

text: originally

text: sings

text: the

text: chorus

text: while

text: Lil

text: Mama

text: raps

text: on

text: the

text: second

text: verse

text: Instead

text: of

text: Pain

text: using

text: the

text: Auto

text: Tune

text: effect

text: Chris

text: Brown

text: uses

text: it

text: like

text: he

text: did

text: in

text: his

text: other

text: collaboration

text: with

text: Pain

text: Kiss

text: Kiss

text: "Pon de Replay" is the debut single recorded by Barbadian singer Rihanna, from her debut studio album "Music of the Sun" (2005). It was written and produced by Vada Nobles, Alisha Brooks, Carl Sturken and Evan Rogers. Her debut single, the song was released on May 24, 2005 as the lead single from the album. Prior to signing a six album record deal with Def Jam Recordings, "Pon de Replay" was one of three songs which was recorded for her demo tape to be sent to record labels. It is a dance-pop, dancehall and R&B song that features elements of pop and reggae. The lyrics revolve around Rihanna asking a DJ to turn the volume of her favorite songs up louder. The name means "play it again" in Bajan Creole, one of Barbados' two official languages.

text: Pon

text: de

text: Replay

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: single

text: recorded

text: by

text: Barbadian

text: singer

text: Rihanna

text: from

text: her

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: Music

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Vada

text: Nobles

text: Alisha

text: Brooks

text: Carl

text: Sturken

text: and

text: Evan

text: Rogers

text: Her

text: debut

text: single

text: the

text: song

text: was

text: released

text: on

text: May

text: as

text: the

text: lead

text: single

text: from

text: the

text: album

text: Prior

text: to

text: signing

text: six

text: album

text: record

text: deal

text: with

text: Def

text: Jam

text: Recordings

text: Pon

text: de

text: Replay

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: three

text: songs

text: which

text: was

text: recorded

text: for

text: her

text: demo

text: tape

text: to

text: be

text: sent

text: to

text: record

text: labels

text: It

text: is

text: dance

text: pop

text: dancehall

text: and

text: R&B

text: song

text: that

text: features

text: elements

text: of

text: pop

text: and

text: reggae

text: The

text: lyrics

text: revolve

text: around

text: Rihanna

text: asking

text: DJ

text: to

text: turn

text: the

text: volume

text: of

text: her

text: favorite

text: songs

text: up

text: louder

text: The

text: name

text: means

text: play

text: it

text: again

text: in

text: Bajan

text: Creole

text: one

text: of

text: Barbados

text: two

text: official

text: languages

text: Def Jam Recordings is an American record label, focused predominantly on hip hop and urban music, owned by Universal Music Group. In the UK, the label takes on the name "Def Jam UK" and is operated through Virgin EMI, while in Japan, it is "Def Jam Japan" operating through Universal Sigma Music. The label distributes various record labels, including Kanye West's GOOD Music, Ludacris' Disturbing Tha Peace, and ARTium Recordings, headed by Def Jam's current executive vice president, No I.D.. Current artists include Iggy Azalea, Logic, Big Sean, Kanye West, Leona Lewis, 2 Chainz, Axwell  Ingrosso, Mother Mother, Afrojack, Jeezy, Jeremih, Ludacris, Alesso, Pusha T, Desiigner and Jhené Aiko, among others.

text: Def

text: Jam

text: Recordings

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: label

text: focused

text: predominantly

text: on

text: hip

text: hop

text: and

text: urban

text: music

text: owned

text: by

text: Universal

text: Music

text: Group

text: In

text: the

text: UK

text: the

text: label

text: takes

text: on

text: the

text: name

text: Def

text: Jam

text: UK

text: and

text: is

text: operated

text: through

text: Virgin

text: EMI

text: while

text: in

text: Japan

text: it

text: is

text: Def

text: Jam

text: Japan

text: operating

text: through

text: Universal

text: Sigma

text: Music

text: The

text: label

text: distributes

text: various

text: record

text: labels

text: including

text: Kanye

text: West

text: 's

text: GOOD

text: Music

text: Ludacris

text: Disturbing

text: Tha

text: Peace

text: and

text: ARTium

text: Recordings

text: headed

text: by

text: Def

text: Jam

text: 's

text: current

text: executive

text: vice

text: president

text: No

text: I.D

text: Current

text: artists

text: include

text: Iggy

text: Azalea

text: Logic

text: Big

text: Sean

text: Kanye

text: West

text: Leona

text: Lewis

text: Chainz

text: Axwell

text: Ingrosso

text: Mother

text: Mother

text: Afrojack

text: Jeezy

text: Jeremih

text: Ludacris

text: Alesso

text: Pusha

text: Desiigner

text: and

text: Jhené

text: Aiko

text: among

text: others

text: Robyn Rihanna Fenty (born February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer and songwriter. Born in Saint Michael and raised in Bridgetown, she first entered the music industry by recording demo tapes under the direction of record producer Evan Rogers in 2003. She ultimately signed a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings after auditioning for its then-president, hip hop producer and rapper Jay Z. In 2005, Rihanna rose to fame with the release of her debut studio album "Music of the Sun" and its follow-up "A Girl like Me" (2006), which charted on the top 10 of the U.S. "Billboard" 200 and respectively produced the hit singles "Pon de Replay" and "SOS".

text: Robyn

text: Rihanna

text: Fenty

text: born

text: February

text: is

text: Barbadian

text: singer

text: and

text: songwriter

text: Born

text: in

text: Saint

text: Michael

text: and

text: raised

text: in

text: Bridgetown

text: she

text: first

text: entered

text: the

text: music

text: industry

text: by

text: recording

text: demo

text: tapes

text: under

text: the

text: direction

text: of

text: record

text: producer

text: Evan

text: Rogers

text: in

text: She

text: ultimately

text: signed

text: recording

text: contract

text: with

text: Def

text: Jam

text: Recordings

text: after

text: auditioning

text: for

text: its

text: then

text: president

text: hip

text: hop

text: producer

text: and

text: rapper

text: Jay

text: In

text: Rihanna

text: rose

text: to

text: fame

text: with

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: her

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: Music

text: of

text: the

text: Sun

text: and

text: its

text: follow

text: up

text: Girl

text: like

text: Me

text: which

text: charted

text: on

text: the

text: top

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Billboard

text: and

text: respectively

text: produced

text: the

text: hit

text: singles

text: Pon

text: de

text: Replay

text: and

text: SOS

text: "Run It!" is the debut single recorded by American recording artist Chris Brown. It was written and produced by Scott Storch and Sean Garrett for his debut studio album, "Chris Brown" (2005). It features rap verses from American rapper Juelz Santana. The song was released as a single on June 30, 2005. The remix features rappers "Bow Wow" and "Jermaine Dupri" and was performed at The 2006 "Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards" by Bow Wow and Chris Brown. The radio version of the song was featured on the 2006 compilation album "Now That's What I Call Music! 21".

text: Run

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: debut

text: single

text: recorded

text: by

text: American

text: recording

text: artist

text: Chris

text: Brown

text: It

text: was

text: written

text: and

text: produced

text: by

text: Scott

text: Storch

text: and

text: Sean

text: Garrett

text: for

text: his

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: Chris

text: Brown

text: It

text: features

text: rap

text: verses

text: from

text: American

text: rapper

text: Juelz

text: Santana

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: released

text: as

text: single

text: on

text: June

text: The

text: remix

text: features

text: rappers

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: and

text: Jermaine

text: Dupri

text: and

text: was

text: performed

text: at

text: The

text: Nickelodeon

text: Kids

text: Choice

text: Awards

text: by

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: and

text: Chris

text: Brown

text: The

text: radio

text: version

text: of

text: the

text: song

text: was

text: featured

text: on

text: the

text: compilation

text: album

text: Now

text: That

text: 's

text: What

text: Call

text: Music

text: Christopher Maurice "Chris" Brown (born May 5, 1989) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, dancer, and actor. Born in Tappahannock, Virginia, he was involved in his church choir and several local talent shows from a young age. Having signed with Jive Records in 2004, Brown released his self-titled debut studio album the following year. It peaked at number two on the US "Billboard" 200 and was later certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), selling an overall three million copies worldwide. With his first single "Run It!" peaking atop the US "Billboard" Hot 100, Brown became the first male artist as a lead since Diddy in 1997 to have his debut single top the chart. His second album "Exclusive" (2007) spawned his second Hot 100 number one "Kiss Kiss", in addition to "With You" and "Forever". The album was also certified double platinum by the RIAA. In addition to his solo commercial success, Brown has been featured on several singles such as "No Air", a duet with singer Jordin Sparks, "Shortie like Mine" with the rapper Bow Wow and "Shawty Get Loose" alongside Lil Mama and T-Pain. The songs have peaked at number three, number nine and number ten on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 respectively.

text: Christopher

text: Maurice

text: Chris

text: Brown

text: born

text: May

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: rapper

text: dancer

text: and

text: actor

text: Born

text: in

text: Tappahannock

text: Virginia

text: he

text: was

text: involved

text: in

text: his

text: church

text: choir

text: and

text: several

text: local

text: talent

text: shows

text: from

text: young

text: age

text: Having

text: signed

text: with

text: Jive

text: Records

text: in

text: Brown

text: released

text: his

text: self

text: titled

text: debut

text: studio

text: album

text: the

text: following

text: year

text: It

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: two

text: on

text: the

text: US

text: Billboard

text: and

text: was

text: later

text: certified

text: double

text: platinum

text: by

text: the

text: Recording

text: Industry

text: Association

text: of

text: America

text: RIAA

text: selling

text: an

text: overall

text: three

text: million

text: copies

text: worldwide

text: With

text: his

text: first

text: single

text: Run

text: It

text: peaking

text: atop

text: the

text: US

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: Brown

text: became

text: the

text: first

text: male

text: artist

text: as

text: lead

text: since

text: Diddy

text: in

text: to

text: have

text: his

text: debut

text: single

text: top

text: the

text: chart

text: His

text: second

text: album

text: Exclusive

text: spawned

text: his

text: second

text: Hot

text: number

text: one

text: Kiss

text: Kiss

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: With

text: You

text: and

text: Forever

text: The

text: album

text: was

text: also

text: certified

text: double

text: platinum

text: by

text: the

text: RIAA

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: his

text: solo

text: commercial

text: success

text: Brown

text: has

text: been

text: featured

text: on

text: several

text: singles

text: such

text: as

text: No

text: Air

text: duet

text: with

text: singer

text: Jordin

text: Sparks

text: Shortie

text: like

text: Mine

text: with

text: the

text: rapper

text: Bow

text: Wow

text: and

text: Shawty

text: Get

text: Loose

text: alongside

text: Lil

text: Mama

text: and

text: Pain

text: The

text: songs

text: have

text: peaked

text: at

text: number

text: three

text: number

text: nine

text: and

text: number

text: ten

text: on

text: the

text: US

text: Billboard

text: Hot

text: respectively

text: "No Air" is a song by American recording artist Jordin Sparks and American R&B singer/actor Chris Brown. The song was written by James Fauntleroy II, Eric Griggs, Mike Scala, Harvey Mason, Jr., Damon Thomas and Steve Russell. It was released in the United States on February 11, 2008 and serves as the second single from her self-titled debut album.

text: No

text: Air

text: is

text: song

text: by

text: American

text: recording

text: artist

text: Jordin

text: Sparks

text: and

text: American

text: R&B

text: singer

text: actor

text: Chris

text: Brown

text: The

text: song

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: James

text: Fauntleroy

text: II

text: Eric

text: Griggs

text: Mike

text: Scala

text: Harvey

text: Mason

text: Jr.

text: Damon

text: Thomas

text: and

text: Steve

text: Russell

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: on

text: February

text: and

text: serves

text: as

text: the

text: second

text: single

text: from

text: her

text: self

text: titled

text: debut

text: album

text: A CD single (sometimes abbreviated to CDS) is a music single in the form of a standard size compact disc. It is not to be confused with the Mini CD single, which uses a smaller form factor and has also been referred to as just a CD Single on some occasions. The format was introduced in the mid-1980s but did not gain its place in the market until the early 1990s. With the rise in digital downloads in the early 2010s, sales of CD singles have decreased.

text: CD

text: single

text: sometimes

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: CDS

text: is

text: music

text: single

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: standard

text: size

text: compact

text: disc

text: It

text: is

text: not

text: to

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: Mini

text: CD

text: single

text: which

text: uses

text: smaller

text: form

text: factor

text: and

text: has

text: also

text: been

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: just

text: CD

text: Single

text: on

text: some

text: occasions

text: The

text: format

text: was

text: introduced

text: in

text: the

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: gain

text: its

text: place

text: in

text: the

text: market

text: until

text: the

text: early

text: With

text: the

text: rise

text: in

text: digital

text: downloads

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: sales

text: of

text: CD

text: singles

text: have

text: decreased

text: Timothy Zachery "Tim" Mosley (born March 10, 1972), known professionally as Timbaland, is an American record producer, singer, songwriter, rapper and DJ. Timbaland's first full credit production work was in 1996 on "Ginuwine...the Bachelor" for R&B singer Ginuwine. After further work on Aaliyah's 1996 album "One in a Million" and Missy Elliott's 1997 album "Supa Dupa Fly", Timbaland became a prominent producer for R&B and hip hop artists. As a rapper he initially released several albums with fellow rapper Magoo, followed by his debut solo album "" in 1998. In 2002, Timbaland produced the hit single "Cry Me a River" for Justin Timberlake, going on to produce most of Timberlake's subsequent LPs such as "FutureSex/LoveSounds" and "The 20/20 Experience" and their respective hit singles. A Timbaland-owned imprint label, Mosley Music Group, featured artists such as Nelly Furtado, whose Timbaland-produced album "Loose" (2006) was a commercial and critical success. In 2007, Timbaland released a solo album, "Shock Value", which was followed by "Shock Value II" in 2009.

text: Timothy

text: Zachery

text: Tim

text: Mosley

text: born

text: March

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Timbaland

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: record

text: producer

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: rapper

text: and

text: DJ

text: Timbaland

text: 's

text: first

text: full

text: credit

text: production

text: work

text: was

text: in

text: on

text: Ginuwine

text: the

text: Bachelor

text: for

text: R&B

text: singer

text: Ginuwine

text: After

text: further

text: work

text: on

text: Aaliyah

text: 's

text: album

text: One

text: in

text: Million

text: and

text: Missy

text: Elliott

text: 's

text: album

text: Supa

text: Dupa

text: Fly

text: Timbaland

text: became

text: prominent

text: producer

text: for

text: R&B

text: and

text: hip

text: hop

text: artists

text: As

text: rapper

text: he

text: initially

text: released

text: several

text: albums

text: with

text: fellow

text: rapper

text: Magoo

text: followed

text: by

text: his

text: debut

text: solo

text: album

text: in

text: In

text: Timbaland

text: produced

text: the

text: hit

text: single

text: Cry

text: Me

text: River

text: for

text: Justin

text: Timberlake

text: going

text: on

text: to

text: produce

text: most

text: of

text: Timberlake

text: 's

text: subsequent

text: LPs

text: such

text: as

text: FutureSex

text: LoveSounds

text: and

text: The

text: Experience

text: and

text: their

text: respective

text: hit

text: singles

text: Timbaland

text: owned

text: imprint

text: label

text: Mosley

text: Music

text: Group

text: featured

text: artists

text: such

text: as

text: Nelly

text: Furtado

text: whose

text: Timbaland

text: produced

text: album

text: Loose

text: was

text: commercial

text: and

text: critical

text: success

text: In

text: Timbaland

text: released

text: solo

text: album

text: Shock

text: Value

text: which

text: was

text: followed

text: by

text: Shock

text: Value

text: II

text: in

text: Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969), known professionally as Jay Z, is an American rapper, businessman, and investor. Formerly known as Jay-Z, he is one of the best-selling musicians of all time, having sold more than 100 million records, while receiving 21 Grammy Awards for his music. MTV ranked him the "Greatest MC of all time" in 2006. "Rolling Stone" ranked three of his albums"Reasonable Doubt" (1996), "The Blueprint" (2001), and "The Black Album" (2003)among the 500 greatest albums of all time. In 2014, "Forbes" estimated his net worth at nearly $520 million, making him one of the richest hip hop artists in the U.S.

text: Shawn

text: Corey

text: Carter

text: born

text: December

text: known

text: professionally

text: as

text: Jay

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: rapper

text: businessman

text: and

text: investor

text: Formerly

text: known

text: as

text: Jay

text: he

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: musicians

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: having

text: sold

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: records

text: while

text: receiving

text: Grammy

text: Awards

text: for

text: his

text: music

text: MTV

text: ranked

text: him

text: the

text: Greatest

text: MC

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: in

text: Rolling

text: Stone

text: ranked

text: three

text: of

text: his

text: albums"Reasonable

text: Doubt

text: The

text: Blueprint

text: and

text: The

text: Black

text: Album

text: the

text: greatest

text: albums

text: of

text: all

text: time

text: In

text: Forbes

text: estimated

text: his

text: net

text: worth

text: at

text: nearly

text: million

text: making

text: him

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: richest

text: hip

text: hop

text: artists

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Niatia Jessica Kirkland (born October 4, 1989), better known by her stage name Lil Mama, is an American hip hop recording artist from Brooklyn, New York City, New York. A rapper, singer, songwriter, entrepreneur, spokesperson, dancer and actress, Lil Mama was also a talent show judge for seven seasons on "America's Best Dance Crew". She experienced "Billboard" placement with the release of her debut album, "VYP (Voice of the Young People)", which spawned the hit single "Lip Gloss". She was also cast for the role of Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes, in the VH1 biographical film "", which aired in October 2013.

text: Niatia

text: Jessica

text: Kirkland

text: born

text: October

text: better

text: known

text: by

text: her

text: stage

text: name

text: Lil

text: Mama

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: hip

text: hop

text: recording

text: artist

text: from

text: Brooklyn

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: New

text: York

text: rapper

text: singer

text: songwriter

text: entrepreneur

text: spokesperson

text: dancer

text: and

text: actress

text: Lil

text: Mama

text: was

text: also

text: talent

text: show

text: judge

text: for

text: seven

text: seasons

text: on

text: America

text: 's

text: Best

text: Dance

text: Crew

text: She

text: experienced

text: Billboard

text: placement

text: with

text: the

text: release

text: of

text: her

text: debut

text: album

text: VYP

text: Voice

text: of

text: the

text: Young

text: People

text: which

text: spawned

text: the

text: hit

text: single

text: Lip

text: Gloss

text: She

text: was

text: also

text: cast

text: for

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: Lisa

text: Left

text: Eye

text: Lopes

text: in

text: the

text: biographical

text: film

text: which

text: aired

text: in

text: October

text: Urban contemporary is a music radio format. The term was coined by New York DJ Frankie Crocker in the mid-1970s. Urban contemporary radio stations feature a playlist made up entirely of genres such as hip hop, R&B, pop, grime, electronic music such as dubstep, UK garage and drum and bass, and Caribbean music such as reggae, dancehall, reggaeton, zoui, bouyon, and soca. Urban contemporary was developed through the characteristics of genres such as R&B and soul. Virtually all urban contemporary formatted radio stations are located in cities that have sizeable African-American populations, such as New York City, Atlanta, Chicago, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Detroit, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Dallas, Houston, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Baltimore, Memphis, Boston, New Orleans, Louisville, Indianapolis, Birmingham, Columbus, Oklahoma City, and Charlotte.

text: Urban

text: contemporary

text: is

text: music

text: radio

text: format

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: coined

text: by

text: New

text: York

text: DJ

text: Frankie

text: Crocker

text: in

text: the

text: Urban

text: contemporary

text: radio

text: stations

text: feature

text: playlist

text: made

text: up

text: entirely

text: of

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: hip

text: hop

text: R&B

text: pop

text: grime

text: electronic

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: dubstep

text: UK

text: garage

text: and

text: drum

text: and

text: bass

text: and

text: Caribbean

text: music

text: such

text: as

text: reggae

text: dancehall

text: reggaeton

text: zoui

text: bouyon

text: and

text: soca

text: Urban

text: contemporary

text: was

text: developed

text: through

text: the

text: characteristics

text: of

text: genres

text: such

text: as

text: R&B

text: and

text: soul

text: Virtually

text: all

text: urban

text: contemporary

text: formatted

text: radio

text: stations

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: cities

text: that

text: have

text: sizeable

text: African

text: American

text: populations

text: such

text: as

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: Atlanta

text: Chicago

text: Washington

text: D.C.

text: Philadelphia

text: Detroit

text: Cleveland

text: Cincinnati

text: Dallas

text: Houston

text: San

text: Francisco

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Baltimore

text: Memphis

text: Boston

text: New

text: Orleans

text: Louisville

text: Indianapolis

text: Birmingham

text: Columbus

text: Oklahoma

text: City

text: and

text: Charlotte

text: Top 40 is a music industry shorthand for the currently most-popular songs in a particular genre. When used without qualification it refers to the best-selling or most frequently broadcast popular music. The term is derived from record music charts, a few of which traditionally consist of a total of 40 songs. Top 40 is also an alternative term for the radio format of such music, also known as Contemporary hit radio.

text: Top

text: is

text: music

text: industry

text: shorthand

text: for

text: the

text: currently

text: most

text: popular

text: songs

text: in

text: particular

text: genre

text: When

text: used

text: without

text: qualification

text: it

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: best

text: selling

text: or

text: most

text: frequently

text: broadcast

text: popular

text: music

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: record

text: music

text: charts

text: few

text: of

text: which

text: traditionally

text: consist

text: of

text: total

text: of

text: songs

text: Top

text: is

text: also

text: an

text: alternative

text: term

text: for

text: the

text: radio

text: format

text: of

text: such

text: music

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Contemporary

text: hit

text: radio

annotations: follows multiple

question: record_label disturbia

answer: def jam recordings

text: def jam recordings

text: def jam recordings

text: def jam recordings

text: def jam recordings

text: def jam recordings