text: Europe is a continent that comprises the westernmost part of Eurasia. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. To the east and southeast, Europe is generally considered as separated from Asia by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways of the Turkish Straits. Yet the non-oceanic borders of Europea concept dating back to classical antiquityare arbitrary. The primarily physiographic term "continent" as applied to Europe also incorporates cultural and political elements whose discontinuities are not always reflected by the continent's current overland boundaries.

text: Europe

text: is

text: continent

text: that

text: comprises

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: Europe

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: To

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: as

text: separated

text: from

text: Asia

text: by

text: the

text: watershed

text: divides

text: of

text: the

text: Ural

text: and

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: the

text: Ural

text: River

text: the

text: Caspian

text: and

text: Black

text: Seas

text: and

text: the

text: waterways

text: of

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: Yet

text: the

text: non

text: oceanic

text: borders

text: of

text: Europea

text: concept

text: dating

text: back

text: to

text: classical

text: antiquityare

text: arbitrary

text: The

text: primarily

text: physiographic

text: term

text: continent

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: Europe

text: also

text: incorporates

text: cultural

text: and

text: political

text: elements

text: whose

text: discontinuities

text: are

text: not

text: always

text: reflected

text: by

text: the

text: continent

text: 's

text: current

text: overland

text: boundaries

text: The Bosphorus (or ) or Bosporus ("Bósporos" ) is a narrow, natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in northwestern Turkey. It forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey. The world's narrowest strait used for international navigation, the Bosphorus connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and, by extension via the Dardanelles, the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas.

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: or

text: or

text: Bosporus

text: Bósporos

text: is

text: narrow

text: natural

text: strait

text: and

text: an

text: internationally

text: significant

text: waterway

text: located

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Turkey

text: It

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: continental

text: boundary

text: between

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: and

text: separates

text: Asian

text: Turkey

text: from

text: European

text: Turkey

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: narrowest

text: strait

text: used

text: for

text: international

text: navigation

text: the

text: Bosphorus

text: connects

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: with

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: by

text: extension

text: via

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: the

text: Aegean

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: Seas

text: The West Bank ("" "HaGadah HaMa'aravit") is a landlocked territory near the Mediterranean coast of Western Asia, forming the bulk of the Palestinian territories. The West Bank shares boundaries (demarcated by the Jordanian-Israeli armistice of 1949) to the west, north, and south with Israel, and to the east, across the Jordan River, with Jordan. The West Bank also contains a significant section of the western Dead Sea shore.

text: The

text: West

text: Bank

text: HaGadah

text: HaMa'aravit

text: is

text: landlocked

text: territory

text: near

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: coast

text: of

text: Western

text: Asia

text: forming

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: The

text: West

text: Bank

text: shares

text: boundaries

text: demarcated

text: by

text: the

text: Jordanian

text: Israeli

text: armistice

text: of

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: north

text: and

text: south

text: with

text: Israel

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: across

text: the

text: Jordan

text: River

text: with

text: Jordan

text: The

text: West

text: Bank

text: also

text: contains

text: significant

text: section

text: of

text: the

text: western

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: shore

text: Bulgaria (tr. '), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (tr. '), is a country in southeastern Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. With a territory of , Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.

text: Bulgaria

text: tr

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: tr

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Romania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Serbia

text: and

text: Macedonia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: With

text: territory

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: is

text: Europe

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: The Dead Sea (lit. Salt Sea), is a salt lake bordered by Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west. Its surface and shores are below sea level, Earth's lowest elevation on land. The Dead Sea is deep, the deepest hypersaline lake in the world. With 34.2% salinity (in 2011), it is 9.6 times as salty as the ocean, and one of the world's saltiest bodies of water. This salinity makes for a harsh environment in which plants and animals cannot flourish, hence its name. The Dead Sea is long and wide at its widest point. It lies in the Jordan Rift Valley and its main tributary is the Jordan River.

text: The

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: lit

text: Salt

text: Sea

text: is

text: salt

text: lake

text: bordered

text: by

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Israel

text: and

text: Palestine

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Its

text: surface

text: and

text: shores

text: are

text: below

text: sea

text: level

text: Earth

text: 's

text: lowest

text: elevation

text: on

text: land

text: The

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: is

text: deep

text: the

text: deepest

text: hypersaline

text: lake

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: salinity

text: in

text: it

text: is

text: times

text: as

text: salty

text: as

text: the

text: ocean

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: saltiest

text: bodies

text: of

text: water

text: This

text: salinity

text: makes

text: for

text: harsh

text: environment

text: in

text: which

text: plants

text: and

text: animals

text: can

text: not

text: flourish

text: hence

text: its

text: name

text: The

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: is

text: long

text: and

text: wide

text: at

text: its

text: widest

text: point

text: It

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: Jordan

text: Rift

text: Valley

text: and

text: its

text: main

text: tributary

text: is

text: the

text: Jordan

text: River

text: Israel , officially known as the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's financial and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over the city of Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.

text: Israel

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Israel

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: on

text: the

text: southeastern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: northern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: It

text: has

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Lebanon

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Jordan

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: of

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: and

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: west

text: respectively

text: and

text: Egypt

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: The

text: country

text: contains

text: geographically

text: diverse

text: features

text: within

text: its

text: relatively

text: small

text: area

text: Israel

text: 's

text: financial

text: and

text: technology

text: center

text: is

text: Tel

text: Aviv

text: while

text: its

text: seat

text: of

text: government

text: and

text: proclaimed

text: capital

text: is

text: Jerusalem

text: although

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: sovereignty

text: over

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: internationally

text: unrecognized

text: Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: ), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, parliamentary republic with a diverse cultural heritage. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Greece to the west; Bulgaria to the northwest; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. The Aegean Sea is to the west, the Black Sea to the north, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. The Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles, which together form the Turkish Straits, divide Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location has given it geopolitical and strategic importance throughout history.

text: Turkey

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Turkish

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: mainly

text: in

text: Anatolia

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: with

text: smaller

text: portion

text: on

text: the

text: Balkan

text: peninsula

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Europe

text: Turkey

text: is

text: democratic

text: secular

text: unitary

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: with

text: diverse

text: cultural

text: heritage

text: Turkey

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: eight

text: countries

text: Greece

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Bulgaria

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Armenia

text: the

text: Azerbaijani

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: and

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: which

text: together

text: form

text: the

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: divide

text: Thrace

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: they

text: also

text: separate

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: location

text: has

text: given

text: it

text: geopolitical

text: and

text: strategic

text: importance

text: throughout

text: history

text: Jerusalem , is a city located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. One of the oldest cities in the world, Jerusalem was named as ""Urusalima"" on ancient Mesopotamian cuneiform tablets, probably meaning "City of Shalem" after a Canaanite deity, during the early Canaanite period (approximately 2400 BCE). During the Israelite period, significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 9th century BCE (Iron Age II), and in the 8th century the city developed into the religious and administrative center of the Kingdom of Judah. It is considered a holy city in the three major Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

text: Jerusalem

text: is

text: city

text: located

text: on

text: plateau

text: in

text: the

text: Judaean

text: Mountains

text: between

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: and

text: the

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: oldest

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Jerusalem

text: was

text: named

text: as

text: Urusalima

text: on

text: ancient

text: Mesopotamian

text: cuneiform

text: tablets

text: probably

text: meaning

text: City

text: of

text: Shalem

text: after

text: Canaanite

text: deity

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: Canaanite

text: period

text: approximately

text: BCE

text: During

text: the

text: Israelite

text: period

text: significant

text: construction

text: activity

text: in

text: Jerusalem

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: BCE

text: Iron

text: Age

text: II

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: century

text: the

text: city

text: developed

text: into

text: the

text: religious

text: and

text: administrative

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Judah

text: It

text: is

text: considered

text: holy

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: major

text: Abrahamic

text: religions

text: of

text: Judaism

text: Christianity

text: and

text: Islam

text: In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin (also known as the Mediterranean region or sometimes Mediterranea) is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation.

text: In

text: biogeography

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: region

text: or

text: sometimes

text: Mediterranea

text: is

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: lands

text: around

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: that

text: have

text: Mediterranean

text: climate

text: with

text: mild

text: rainy

text: winters

text: and

text: hot

text: dry

text: summers

text: which

text: supports

text: characteristic

text: Mediterranean

text: forests

text: woodlands

text: and

text: scrub

text: vegetation

text: The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. To the north lie the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez (leading to the Suez Canal). The Red Sea is a Global 200 ecoregion. The sea is underlain by the Red Sea Rift which is part of the Great Rift Valley.

text: The

text: Red

text: Sea

text: also

text: the

text: Erythraean

text: Sea

text: is

text: seawater

text: inlet

text: of

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: lying

text: between

text: Africa

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: connection

text: to

text: the

text: ocean

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: through

text: the

text: Bab

text: el

text: Mandeb

text: strait

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aden

text: To

text: the

text: north

text: lie

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Suez

text: leading

text: to

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: The

text: Red

text: Sea

text: is

text: Global

text: ecoregion

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: underlain

text: by

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: Rift

text: which

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Rift

text: Valley

text: The Mediterranean Sea (pronounced ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the east by the Levant. The sea is sometimes considered a part of the Atlantic Ocean, although it is usually identified as a separate body of water.

text: The

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: pronounced

text: is

text: sea

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: almost

text: completely

text: enclosed

text: by

text: land

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: Southern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Anatolia

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: North

text: Africa

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Levant

text: The

text: sea

text: is

text: sometimes

text: considered

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: although

text: it

text: is

text: usually

text: identified

text: as

text: separate

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Arabs are a people inhabiting the Arab world. They primarily live in the Arab states in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and western Indian Ocean islands.

text: Arabs

text: are

text: people

text: inhabiting

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: They

text: primarily

text: live

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: states

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: North

text: Africa

text: the

text: Horn

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: western

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: islands

text: Kuwait ('), officially the State of Kuwait ('), is a country in Western Asia. Situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, it shares borders with Iraq and Saudi Arabia. , Kuwait has a population of 4.2 million people; 1.3 million are Kuwaitis and 2.9 million are expatriates. Expatriates account for 70% of the population.

text: Kuwait

text: officially

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Kuwait

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: Situated

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: edge

text: of

text: Eastern

text: Arabia

text: at

text: the

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: it

text: shares

text: borders

text: with

text: Iraq

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: Kuwait

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: million

text: are

text: Kuwaitis

text: and

text: million

text: are

text: expatriates

text: Expatriates

text: account

text: for

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: Lebanon , officially known as the Lebanese Republic, is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus is west across the Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon's location at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Basin and the Arabian hinterland facilitated its rich history and shaped a cultural identity of religious and ethnic diversity. At just 10,452 km (4,036 sq. mi.), it is the smallest recognized country on the entire mainland Asian continent.

text: Lebanon

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Lebanese

text: Republic

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: while

text: Cyprus

text: is

text: west

text: across

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: Lebanon

text: 's

text: location

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Basin

text: and

text: the

text: Arabian

text: hinterland

text: facilitated

text: its

text: rich

text: history

text: and

text: shaped

text: cultural

text: identity

text: of

text: religious

text: and

text: ethnic

text: diversity

text: At

text: just

text: km

text: sq

text: mi

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: recognized

text: country

text: on

text: the

text: entire

text: mainland

text: Asian

text: continent

text: The Aegean Sea  is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the Greek and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosphorus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes.

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: is

text: an

text: elongated

text: embayment

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: located

text: between

text: the

text: Greek

text: and

text: Anatolian

text: peninsulas

text: i.e.

text: between

text: the

text: mainlands

text: of

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: In

text: the

text: north

text: it

text: is

text: connected

text: to

text: the

text: Marmara

text: Sea

text: and

text: Black

text: Sea

text: by

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: and

text: Bosphorus

text: The

text: Aegean

text: Islands

text: are

text: within

text: the

text: sea

text: and

text: some

text: bound

text: it

text: on

text: its

text: southern

text: periphery

text: including

text: Crete

text: and

text: Rhodes

text: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most-populous continent. At about 30.3 million km² (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20.4 % of its total land area. With 1.1 billion people as of 2013, it accounts for about 15% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, both the Suez Canal and the Red Sea along the Sinai Peninsula to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognized sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two "de facto" independent states with limited or no recognition.

text: Africa

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: continent

text: At

text: about

text: million

text: million

text: square

text: miles

text: including

text: adjacent

text: islands

text: it

text: covers

text: of

text: Earth

text: 's

text: total

text: surface

text: area

text: and

text: of

text: its

text: total

text: land

text: area

text: With

text: billion

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: it

text: accounts

text: for

text: about

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: human

text: population

text: The

text: continent

text: is

text: surrounded

text: by

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: both

text: the

text: Suez

text: Canal

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: along

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: continent

text: includes

text: Madagascar

text: and

text: various

text: archipelagos

text: It

text: contains

text: fully

text: recognized

text: sovereign

text: states

text: countries

text: nine

text: territories

text: and

text: two

text: de

text: facto

text: independent

text: states

text: with

text: limited

text: or

text: no

text: recognition

text: Anatolia (from Greek , '  "east" or "(sun)rise"; in modern ), in geography known as Asia Minor (from '  "small Asia"; in modern ), Asian Turkey, Anatolian peninsula, or Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey. The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean Seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the European mainland.

text: Anatolia

text: from

text: Greek

text: east

text: or

text: sun)rise

text: in

text: modern

text: in

text: geography

text: known

text: as

text: Asia

text: Minor

text: from

text: small

text: Asia

text: in

text: modern

text: Asian

text: Turkey

text: Anatolian

text: peninsula

text: or

text: Anatolian

text: plateau

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: protrusion

text: of

text: Asia

text: which

text: makes

text: up

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: modern

text: day

text: Turkey

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: forms

text: connection

text: between

text: the

text: Black

text: and

text: Aegean

text: Seas

text: through

text: the

text: Bosphorus

text: and

text: Dardanelles

text: straits

text: and

text: separates

text: Anatolia

text: from

text: Thrace

text: on

text: the

text: European

text: mainland

text: Egypt (; ', , "Kimi"), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, and across from the Sinai Peninsula lies Saudi Arabia, although Jordan and Saudi Arabia do not share a land border with Egypt. It is the world's only contiguous Afrasian nation.

text: Egypt

text: Kimi

text: officially

text: the

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Egypt

text: is

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: spanning

text: the

text: northeast

text: corner

text: of

text: Africa

text: and

text: southwest

text: corner

text: of

text: Asia

text: by

text: land

text: bridge

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: Egypt

text: is

text: Mediterranean

text: country

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Sudan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Libya

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Across

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: lies

text: Jordan

text: and

text: across

text: from

text: the

text: Sinai

text: Peninsula

text: lies

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: although

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: do

text: not

text: share

text: land

text: border

text: with

text: Egypt

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: only

text: contiguous

text: Afrasian

text: nation

text:
The Dardanelles, also known in Classical Antiquity as the Hellespont
("Hellespontos", literally "Sea of Helle"), is a narrow, natural strait and internationally-significant waterway in northwestern Turkey that forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia, and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey. One of the world's narrowest straits used for international navigation, the Dardanelles connects the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, while also allowing passage to the Black Sea by extension via the Bosphorus.

text: The

text: Dardanelles

text: also

text: known

text: in

text: Classical

text: Antiquity

text: as

text: the

text: Hellespont

text: Hellespontos

text: literally

text: Sea

text: of

text: Helle

text: is

text: narrow

text: natural

text: strait

text: and

text: internationally

text: significant

text: waterway

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Turkey

text: that

text: forms

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: continental

text: boundary

text: between

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: and

text: separates

text: Asian

text: Turkey

text: from

text: European

text: Turkey

text: One

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: narrowest

text: straits

text: used

text: for

text: international

text: navigation

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: connects

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: with

text: the

text: Aegean

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: Seas

text: while

text: also

text: allowing

text: passage

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: by

text: extension

text: via

text: the

text: Bosphorus

text: Iraq (, or ; '; '), officially known as the Republic of Iraq ('; ') is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. The capital, and largest city, is Baghdad. The main ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds; others include Assyrians, Turkmen, Shabakis, Yazidis, Armenians, Mandeans, Circassians, and Kawliya. Around 95% of the country's 36 million citizens are Muslims, with Christianity, Yarsan, Yezidism, and Mandeanism also present. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish.

text: Iraq

text: or

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iraq

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bordered

text: by

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: and

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Baghdad

text: The

text: main

text: ethnic

text: groups

text: are

text: Arabs

text: and

text: Kurds

text: others

text: include

text: Assyrians

text: Turkmen

text: Shabakis

text: Yazidis

text: Armenians

text: Mandeans

text: Circassians

text: and

text: Kawliya

text: Around

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: million

text: citizens

text: are

text: Muslims

text: with

text: Christianity

text: Yarsan

text: Yezidism

text: and

text: Mandeanism

text: also

text: present

text: The

text: official

text: languages

text: of

text: Iraq

text: are

text: Arabic

text: and

text: Kurdish

text: The Turkish Straits are a series of internationally-significant waterways in northwestern Turkey that connect the Aegean and Mediterranean seas to the Black Sea.

text: The

text: Turkish

text: Straits

text: are

text: series

text: of

text: internationally

text: significant

text: waterways

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Turkey

text: that

text: connect

text: the

text: Aegean

text: and

text: Mediterranean

text: seas

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: The Gaza Strip (' ), or simply Gaza"', is a small self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, that borders Egypt on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border. Gaza, together with the West Bank, comprise the Palestinian territories claimed by the Palestinians as the State of Palestine. The territories of Gaza and the West Bank are separated from each other by Israeli territory. Both fall under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, but Gaza has since June 2007 been governed by Hamas, a Palestinian Islamic organization which came to power in free elections in 2006. It has been placed under an Israeli and U.S.-led international economic and political boycott from that time onwards.

text: The

text: Gaza

text: Strip

text: or

text: simply

text: Gaza

text: is

text: small

text: self

text: governing

text: Palestinian

text: territory

text: on

text: the

text: eastern

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: that

text: borders

text: Egypt

text: on

text: the

text: southwest

text: for

text: and

text: Israel

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: north

text: along

text: border

text: Gaza

text: together

text: with

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: comprise

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: territories

text: claimed

text: by

text: the

text: Palestinians

text: as

text: the

text: State

text: of

text: Palestine

text: The

text: territories

text: of

text: Gaza

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: are

text: separated

text: from

text: each

text: other

text: by

text: Israeli

text: territory

text: Both

text: fall

text: under

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: Palestinian

text: Authority

text: but

text: Gaza

text: has

text: since

text: June

text: been

text: governed

text: by

text: Hamas

text: Palestinian

text: Islamic

text: organization

text: which

text: came

text: to

text: power

text: in

text: free

text: elections

text: in

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: placed

text: under

text: an

text: Israeli

text: and

text: U.S

text: led

text: international

text: economic

text: and

text: political

text: boycott

text: from

text: that

text: time

text: onwards

text: Jordan ('), officially The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ('), is an Arab kingdom in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River. Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the east and south, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north, Israel, Palestine and the Dead Sea to the west and the Red Sea in its extreme south-west. Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia, Africa and Europe. The capital, Amman, is Jordan's most populous city as well as the country's economic, political and cultural centre.

text: Jordan

text: officially

text: The

text: Hashemite

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Jordan

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: kingdom

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: on

text: the

text: East

text: Bank

text: of

text: the

text: Jordan

text: River

text: Jordan

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: south

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: east

text: Syria

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Israel

text: Palestine

text: and

text: the

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Red

text: Sea

text: in

text: its

text: extreme

text: south

text: west

text: Jordan

text: is

text: strategically

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Asia

text: Africa

text: and

text: Europe

text: The

text: capital

text: Amman

text: is

text: Jordan

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: economic

text: political

text: and

text: cultural

text: centre

text: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about . It covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. It separates the "Old World" from the "New World".

text: The

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: oceans

text: with

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: about

text: It

text: covers

text: approximately

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: surface

text: and

text: about

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: water

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: separates

text: the

text: Old

text: World

text: from

text: the

text: New

text: World

text: The Jordan River (also River Jordan; "Nahar ha-Yarden"; "Nahr al-Urdun", Ancient Greek: , "Iordànes") is a -long river in the Middle East that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee and on to the Dead Sea. Israel and the West Bank border the river to the west, while the Golan Heights and Jordan lie to its east. Both Jordan and the West Bank take their names from the river.

text: The

text: Jordan

text: River

text: also

text: River

text: Jordan

text: Nahar

text: ha

text: Yarden

text: Nahr

text: al

text: Urdun

text: Ancient

text: Greek

text: Iordànes

text: is

text: -long

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: that

text: flows

text: roughly

text: north

text: to

text: south

text: through

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Galilee

text: and

text: on

text: to

text: the

text: Dead

text: Sea

text: Israel

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: border

text: the

text: river

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: while

text: the

text: Golan

text: Heights

text: and

text: Jordan

text: lie

text: to

text: its

text: east

text: Both

text: Jordan

text: and

text: the

text: West

text: Bank

text: take

text: their

text: names

text: from

text: the

text: river

text: Syria ( i / s.r / ; Arabic :   or  , Sriy or Sryah ) , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia . De jure Syrian territory borders Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west , Turkey to the north , Iraq to the east , Jordan to the south , and Israel to the southwest , but the government 's control now extends to approximately 30 -- 40 % of the de jure state area and less than 60 % of the population . A country of fertile plains , high mountains , and deserts , Syria is home to diverse ethnic and religious groups , including Syrian Arabs , Greeks , Armenians , Assyrians , Kurds , Circassians , Mandeans and Turks . Religious groups include Sunnis , Christians , Alawites , Druze , Mandeans , Shiites , Salafis , and Yazidis . Sunni Arabs make up the largest population group in Syria . In English , the name `` Syria '' was formerly synonymous with the Levant ( known in Arabic as al - Sham ) , while the modern state encompasses the sites of several ancient kingdoms and empires , including the Eblan civilization of the 3rd millennium BC. Its capital Damascus is among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world . In the Islamic era , Damascus was the seat of the Umayyad Caliphate and a provincial capital of the Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt . The modern Syrian state was established after the end of centuries of Ottoman control in World War I as a French mandate , and represented the largest Arab state to emerge from the formerly Ottoman - ruled Arab Levant . It gained independence as a parliamentary republic on 24 October 1945 when Syria became a founding member of the United Nations , an act which legally ended the former French Mandate -- although French troops did not leave the country until April 1946 . The post-independence period was tumultuous , and a large number of military coups and coup attempts shook the country in the period 1949 -- 71 . In 1958 , Syria entered a brief union with Egypt called the United Arab Republic , which was terminated by the 1961 Syrian coup d'état . The Arab Republic of Syria came into being in late 1961 after December 1 constitutional referendum , and was increasingly unstable until the Ba'athist coup d'état , since which the Ba'ath Party has maintained its power . Syria was under Emergency Law from 1963 to 2011 , effectively suspending most constitutional protections for citizens , and its system of government is considered to be non-democratic . Bashar al - Assad has been president since 2000 and was preceded by his father Hafez al - Assad , who was in office from 1970 to 2000 . Syria is a member of one international organization other than the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement ; it is currently suspended from the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , and self - suspended from the Union for the Mediterranean . Since March 2011 , Syria has been embroiled in an uprising against Assad and the Ba'athist government as part of the Arab Spring , a crackdown that contributed to the Syrian Civil War and to Syria 's becoming one of the least peaceful countries in the world . The Syrian Interim Government was formed by the opposition umbrella group , the Syrian National Coalition , in March 2013 . Representatives of this alternative government were subsequently invited to take up Syria 's seat at the Arab League .

text: Syria

text: s.r

text: Arabic

text: or

text: Sriy

text: or

text: Sryah

text: officially

text: the

text: Syrian

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: De

text: jure

text: Syrian

text: territory

text: borders

text: Lebanon

text: and

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Turkey

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Jordan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: Israel

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: but

text: the

text: government

text: 's

text: control

text: now

text: extends

text: to

text: approximately

text: of

text: the

text: de

text: jure

text: state

text: area

text: and

text: less

text: than

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: country

text: of

text: fertile

text: plains

text: high

text: mountains

text: and

text: deserts

text: Syria

text: is

text: home

text: to

text: diverse

text: ethnic

text: and

text: religious

text: groups

text: including

text: Syrian

text: Arabs

text: Greeks

text: Armenians

text: Assyrians

text: Kurds

text: Circassians

text: Mandeans

text: and

text: Turks

text: Religious

text: groups

text: include

text: Sunnis

text: Christians

text: Alawites

text: Druze

text: Mandeans

text: Shiites

text: Salafis

text: and

text: Yazidis

text: Sunni

text: Arabs

text: make

text: up

text: the

text: largest

text: population

text: group

text: in

text: Syria

text: In

text: English

text: the

text: name

text: Syria

text: was

text: formerly

text: synonymous

text: with

text: the

text: Levant

text: known

text: in

text: Arabic

text: as

text: al

text: Sham

text: while

text: the

text: modern

text: state

text: encompasses

text: the

text: sites

text: of

text: several

text: ancient

text: kingdoms

text: and

text: empires

text: including

text: the

text: Eblan

text: civilization

text: of

text: the

text: millennium

text: BC

text: Its

text: capital

text: Damascus

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: oldest

text: continuously

text: inhabited

text: cities

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: In

text: the

text: Islamic

text: era

text: Damascus

text: was

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: Umayyad

text: Caliphate

text: and

text: provincial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: Mamluk

text: Sultanate

text: in

text: Egypt

text: The

text: modern

text: Syrian

text: state

text: was

text: established

text: after

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: centuries

text: of

text: Ottoman

text: control

text: in

text: World

text: War

text: as

text: French

text: mandate

text: and

text: represented

text: the

text: largest

text: Arab

text: state

text: to

text: emerge

text: from

text: the

text: formerly

text: Ottoman

text: ruled

text: Arab

text: Levant

text: It

text: gained

text: independence

text: as

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: on

text: October

text: when

text: Syria

text: became

text: founding

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: an

text: act

text: which

text: legally

text: ended

text: the

text: former

text: French

text: Mandate

text: although

text: French

text: troops

text: did

text: not

text: leave

text: the

text: country

text: until

text: April

text: The

text: post

text: independence

text: period

text: was

text: tumultuous

text: and

text: large

text: number

text: of

text: military

text: coups

text: and

text: coup

text: attempts

text: shook

text: the

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: In

text: Syria

text: entered

text: brief

text: union

text: with

text: Egypt

text: called

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: which

text: was

text: terminated

text: by

text: the

text: Syrian

text: coup

text: d'état

text: The

text: Arab

text: Republic

text: of

text: Syria

text: came

text: into

text: being

text: in

text: late

text: after

text: December

text: constitutional

text: referendum

text: and

text: was

text: increasingly

text: unstable

text: until

text: the

text: Ba'athist

text: coup

text: d'état

text: since

text: which

text: the

text: Ba'ath

text: Party

text: has

text: maintained

text: its

text: power

text: Syria

text: was

text: under

text: Emergency

text: Law

text: from

text: to

text: effectively

text: suspending

text: most

text: constitutional

text: protections

text: for

text: citizens

text: and

text: its

text: system

text: of

text: government

text: is

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: non

text: democratic

text: Bashar

text: al

text: Assad

text: has

text: been

text: president

text: since

text: and

text: was

text: preceded

text: by

text: his

text: father

text: Hafez

text: al

text: Assad

text: who

text: was

text: in

text: office

text: from

text: to

text: Syria

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: one

text: international

text: organization

text: other

text: than

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: the

text: Non

text: Aligned

text: Movement

text: it

text: is

text: currently

text: suspended

text: from

text: the

text: Arab

text: League

text: and

text: the

text: Organisation

text: of

text: Islamic

text: Cooperation

text: and

text: self

text: suspended

text: from

text: the

text: Union

text: for

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Since

text: March

text: Syria

text: has

text: been

text: embroiled

text: in

text: an

text: uprising

text: against

text: Assad

text: and

text: the

text: Ba'athist

text: government

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Arab

text: Spring

text: crackdown

text: that

text: contributed

text: to

text: the

text: Syrian

text: Civil

text: War

text: and

text: to

text: Syria

text: 's

text: becoming

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: least

text: peaceful

text: countries

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: Syrian

text: Interim

text: Government

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: opposition

text: umbrella

text: group

text: the

text: Syrian

text: National

text: Coalition

text: in

text: March

text: Representatives

text: of

text: this

text: alternative

text: government

text: were

text: subsequently

text: invited

text: to

text: take

text: up

text: Syria

text: 's

text: seat

text: at

text: the

text: Arab

text: League

text: Eurasia is the combined continental landmass of Europe and Asia. The term is a portmanteau of its constituent continents. Located primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and by Africa, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean to the south. The division between Europe and Asia as two different continents is a historical and cultural construct, with no clear physical separation between them; thus, in some parts of the world, Eurasia is recognized as the largest of five or six continents. In geology, Eurasia is often considered as a single rigid megablock. However, the rigidity of Eurasia is debated based on the paleomagnet data.

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: the

text: combined

text: continental

text: landmass

text: of

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: portmanteau

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: continents

text: Located

text: primarily

text: in

text: the

text: Northern

text: and

text: Eastern

text: Hemispheres

text: it

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: by

text: Africa

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: division

text: between

text: Europe

text: and

text: Asia

text: as

text: two

text: different

text: continents

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: cultural

text: construct

text: with

text: no

text: clear

text: physical

text: separation

text: between

text: them

text: thus

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: recognized

text: as

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: five

text: or

text: six

text: continents

text: In

text: geology

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: as

text: single

text: rigid

text: megablock

text: However

text: the

text: rigidity

text: of

text: Eurasia

text: is

text: debated

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: paleomagnet

text: data

text: The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, and in the context of classical antiquity as the Propontis, is the inland sea, entirely within the borders of Turkey, that connects the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea, thus separating Turkey's Asian and European parts. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Black Sea and the Dardanelles strait to the Aegean Sea. The former also separates Istanbul into its Asian and European sides. The sea has an area of 11,350 km² (280 km x 80 km) with the greatest depth reaching .

text: The

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmora

text: or

text: the

text: Marmara

text: Sea

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: context

text: of

text: classical

text: antiquity

text: as

text: the

text: Propontis

text: is

text: the

text: inland

text: sea

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: borders

text: of

text: Turkey

text: that

text: connects

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: thus

text: separating

text: Turkey

text: 's

text: Asian

text: and

text: European

text: parts

text: The

text: Bosphorus

text: strait

text: connects

text: it

text: to

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Dardanelles

text: strait

text: to

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: The

text: former

text: also

text: separates

text: Istanbul

text: into

text: its

text: Asian

text: and

text: European

text: sides

text: The

text: sea

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: km

text: km

text: with

text: the

text: greatest

text: depth

text: reaching

text: Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is an Arab sovereign state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula. With a land area of approximately , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth-largest state in Asia and second-largest state in the Arab world after Algeria. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba. It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast, and most of its terrain consists of arid desert or barren landforms.

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Kingdom

text: of

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: KSA

text: is

text: an

text: Arab

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: constituting

text: the

text: bulk

text: of

text: the

text: Arabian

text: Peninsula

text: With

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: is

text: geographically

text: the

text: fifth

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: Asia

text: and

text: second

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Arab

text: world

text: after

text: Algeria

text: Saudi

text: Arabia

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Jordan

text: and

text: Iraq

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Kuwait

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Qatar

text: Bahrain

text: and

text: the

text: United

text: Arab

text: Emirates

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Oman

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: Yemen

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: Israel

text: and

text: Egypt

text: by

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Aqaba

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: nation

text: with

text: both

text: Red

text: Sea

text: coast

text: and

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: coast

text: and

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: terrain

text: consists

text: of

text: arid

text: desert

text: or

text: barren

text: landforms

text: Azerbaijan, officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, is a country in the South Caucasus region, situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe. It is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The exclave of Nakhchivan is bounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west, while having an 8 km border with Turkey in the north west.

text: Azerbaijan

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Azerbaijan

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: Caucasus

text: region

text: situated

text: at

text: the

text: crossroads

text: of

text: Southwest

text: Asia

text: and

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

text: It

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Russia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: Georgia

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Armenia

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: exclave

text: of

text: Nakhchivan

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Armenia

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: east

text: Iran

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: west

text: while

text: having

text: an

text: km

text: border

text: with

text: Turkey

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: The Black Sea is a body of water between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. It is supplied by a number of major rivers, such as the Danube, Dnieper, Rioni, Southern Bug, and Dniester. The Black Sea has an area of (not including the Sea of Azov), a maximum depth of , and a volume of . It is constrained by the Pontic Mountains to the south and by the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and features a wide shelf to the northwest. The longest east-west extent is about .

text: The

text: Black

text: Sea

text: is

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: between

text: Eastern

text: Europe

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: bounded

text: by

text: Bulgaria

text: Georgia

text: Romania

text: Russia

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Ukraine

text: It

text: is

text: supplied

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: major

text: rivers

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Danube

text: Dnieper

text: Rioni

text: Southern

text: Bug

text: and

text: Dniester

text: The

text: Black

text: Sea

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: not

text: including

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Azov

text: maximum

text: depth

text: of

text: and

text: volume

text: of

text: It

text: is

text: constrained

text: by

text: the

text: Pontic

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Caucasus

text: Mountains

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: features

text: wide

text: shelf

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: The

text: longest

text: east

text: west

text: extent

text: is

text: about

text: Iran (, also , ; ' ), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (' ), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest by Armenia, the "de facto" Nagorno-Karabakh Republic, and Azerbaijan; to the north by the Caspian Sea; to the northeast by Turkmenistan; to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan; to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Comprising a land area of , it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 18th-largest in the world. With 82.8 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 17th-most-populous country. It is the only country with both a Caspian Sea and an Indian Ocean coastline. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, make it of great geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic center.

text: Iran

text: also

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Persia

text: officially

text: the

text: Islamic

text: Republic

text: of

text: Iran

text: is

text: sovereign

text: state

text: in

text: Western

text: Asia

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: by

text: Armenia

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: Nagorno

text: Karabakh

text: Republic

text: and

text: Azerbaijan

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: by

text: Turkmenistan

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Afghanistan

text: and

text: Pakistan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Persian

text: Gulf

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Oman

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: Turkey

text: and

text: Iraq

text: Comprising

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: Middle

text: East

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: With

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Iran

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: country

text: with

text: both

text: Caspian

text: Sea

text: and

text: an

text: Indian

text: Ocean

text: coastline

text: The

text: country

text: 's

text: central

text: location

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: and

text: Western

text: Asia

text: and

text: its

text: proximity

text: to

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Hormuz

text: make

text: it

text: of

text: great

text: geostrategic

text: importance

text: Tehran

text: is

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: its

text: leading

text: economic

text: center

text: Thrace (Modern , "Thráke" "Trakiya") is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe, centered on the modern borders of Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey. In antiquity, it was also referred to as Europe, prior to the extension of the term to describe the whole continent. As a geographical concept, Thrace designates a region bounded by the Balkan Mountains on the north, Rhodope Mountains and the Aegean Sea on the south, and by the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the east. The areas it comprises are southeastern Bulgaria (Northern Thrace), northeastern Greece (Western Thrace), and the European part of Turkey (Eastern Thrace). The biggest part of Thrace is part of present-day Bulgaria. In Turkey, it is also called Rumeli. The name comes from the Thracians, an ancient Indo-European people inhabiting Southeastern Europe.

text: Thrace

text: Modern

text: Thráke

text: Trakiya

text: is

text: historical

text: and

text: geographic

text: area

text: in

text: southeast

text: Europe

text: centered

text: on

text: the

text: modern

text: borders

text: of

text: Bulgaria

text: Greece

text: and

text: Turkey

text: In

text: antiquity

text: it

text: was

text: also

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Europe

text: prior

text: to

text: the

text: extension

text: of

text: the

text: term

text: to

text: describe

text: the

text: whole

text: continent

text: As

text: geographical

text: concept

text: Thrace

text: designates

text: region

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: Balkan

text: Mountains

text: on

text: the

text: north

text: Rhodope

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: Aegean

text: Sea

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: by

text: the

text: Black

text: Sea

text: and

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Marmara

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: The

text: areas

text: it

text: comprises

text: are

text: southeastern

text: Bulgaria

text: Northern

text: Thrace

text: northeastern

text: Greece

text: Western

text: Thrace

text: and

text: the

text: European

text: part

text: of

text: Turkey

text: Eastern

text: Thrace

text: The

text: biggest

text: part

text: of

text: Thrace

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: present

text: day

text: Bulgaria

text: In

text: Turkey

text: it

text: is

text: also

text: called

text: Rumeli

text: The

text: name

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: Thracians

text: an

text: ancient

text: Indo

text: European

text: people

text: inhabiting

text: Southeastern

text: Europe

question: deepest_point syria

answer: sea of galilee

text: sea of galilee


text: The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked federal state of Germany, bordering the federal states of Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, and Bavaria, as well as the countries of Poland (Lower Silesian and Lubusz Voivodeships) and the Czech Republic (Karlovy Vary, Liberec and Ústí nad Labem Regions). Its capital is Dresden, and its largest city is Leipzig.

text: The

text: Free

text: State

text: of

text: Saxony

text: is

text: landlocked

text: federal

text: state

text: of

text: Germany

text: bordering

text: the

text: federal

text: states

text: of

text: Brandenburg

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: Thuringia

text: and

text: Bavaria

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: countries

text: of

text: Poland

text: Lower

text: Silesian

text: and

text: Lubusz

text: Voivodeships

text: and

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: Karlovy

text: Vary

text: Liberec

text: and

text: Ústí

text: nad

text: Labem

text: Regions

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Dresden

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Leipzig

text: The White Elster is a long river in central Europe, right tributary of the Saale. Its source is in the westernmost part of the Czech Republic, near Aš. After a few kilometres, it flows into eastern Germany. In Germany, it flows through the states of Saxony, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt. The White Elster flows through the cities of Plauen, Greiz, Gera, Zeitz, Pegau and Leipzig. It flows into the river Saale in Halle.

text: The

text: White

text: Elster

text: is

text: long

text: river

text: in

text: central

text: Europe

text: right

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: Saale

text: Its

text: source

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: westernmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: near

text: Aš

text: After

text: few

text: kilometres

text: it

text: flows

text: into

text: eastern

text: Germany

text: In

text: Germany

text: it

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Thuringia

text: and

text: Saxony

text: Anhalt

text: The

text: White

text: Elster

text: flows

text: through

text: the

text: cities

text: of

text: Plauen

text: Greiz

text: Gera

text: Zeitz

text: Pegau

text: and

text: Leipzig

text: It

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: river

text: Saale

text: in

text: Halle

text: The fountains in Leipzig were originally built as part of the city 's water supply and in the 19th and 20th centuries others were added for decorative functions . They are regarded as objects of historical and art historical interest .

text: The

text: fountains

text: in

text: Leipzig

text: were

text: originally

text: built

text: as

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: water

text: supply

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: centuries

text: others

text: were

text: added

text: for

text: decorative

text: functions

text: They

text: are

text: regarded

text: as

text: objects

text: of

text: historical

text: and

text: art

text: historical

text: interest

text: The Parthe is a river in Saxony, Germany, right tributary of the White Elster. Its total length is 60 km. The Parthe originates in northern Saxony, between Colditz and Bad Lausick. It flows northwest through Parthenstein, Naunhof, Borsdorf and Taucha before entering the city of Leipzig. The Parthe joins the White Elster in northwestern Leipzig.

text: The

text: Parthe

text: is

text: river

text: in

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: right

text: tributary

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: Elster

text: Its

text: total

text: length

text: is

text: km

text: The

text: Parthe

text: originates

text: in

text: northern

text: Saxony

text: between

text: Colditz

text: and

text: Bad

text: Lausick

text: It

text: flows

text: northwest

text: through

text: Parthenstein

text: Naunhof

text: Borsdorf

text: and

text: Taucha

text: before

text: entering

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Leipzig

text: The

text: Parthe

text: joins

text: the

text: White

text: Elster

text: in

text: northwestern

text: Leipzig

text: Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular immigration destination in the world. Germany's capital and largest metropolis is Berlin. Other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart and Düsseldorf.

text: Germany

text: officially

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Germany

text: is

text: federal

text: parliamentary

text: republic

text: in

text: central

text: western

text: Europe

text: It

text: includes

text: constituent

text: states

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: has

text: largely

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: With

text: about

text: million

text: inhabitants

text: Germany

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: After

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: popular

text: immigration

text: destination

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Germany

text: 's

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: metropolis

text: is

text: Berlin

text: Other

text: major

text: cities

text: include

text: Hamburg

text: Munich

text: Cologne

text: Frankfurt

text: Stuttgart

text: and

text: Düsseldorf

text: Leipzig is the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. With a population of 570,087 inhabitants (1,001,220 residents in the larger urban zone) it is Germany's tenth most populous city. Leipzig is located about southwest of Berlin at the confluence of the White Elster, Pleisse and Parthe rivers at the southern end of the North German Plain.

text: Leipzig

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: federal

text: state

text: of

text: Saxony

text: Germany

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: inhabitants

text: residents

text: in

text: the

text: larger

text: urban

text: zone

text: it

text: is

text: Germany

text: 's

text: tenth

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: Leipzig

text: is

text: located

text: about

text: southwest

text: of

text: Berlin

text: at

text: the

text: confluence

text: of

text: the

text: White

text: Elster

text: Pleisse

text: and

text: Parthe

text: rivers

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: German

text: Plain

text: The larger urban zone (LUZ), or Functional Urban Area (FUA), is a measure of the population and expanse of metropolitan areas in Europe. It consists of a city and its commuting zone.

text: The

text: larger

text: urban

text: zone

text: LUZ

text: or

text: Functional

text: Urban

text: Area

text: FUA

text: is

text: measure

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: and

text: expanse

text: of

text: metropolitan

text: areas

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: city

text: and

text: its

text: commuting

text: zone

text: The North German Plain or Northern Lowland is one of the major geographical regions of Germany. It is the German part of the North European Plain. The region is bounded by the coasts of the North Sea and Baltic Sea to the north and Germany's Central Uplands ("die Mittelgebirge") to the south.

text: The

text: North

text: German

text: Plain

text: or

text: Northern

text: Lowland

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: major

text: geographical

text: regions

text: of

text: Germany

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: German

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: European

text: Plain

text: The

text: region

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: the

text: coasts

text: of

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Germany

text: 's

text: Central

text: Uplands

text: die

text: Mittelgebirge

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany as well as one of its constituent 16 states. With a population of approximately 3.5 million people, Berlin is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union. Located in northeastern Germany on the banks of rivers Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin-Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has about 6 million residents from more than 180 nations. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. Around one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers and lakes.

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: city

text: of

text: Germany

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: its

text: constituent

text: states

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: Berlin

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: proper

text: and

text: the

text: seventh

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: area

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Located

text: in

text: northeastern

text: Germany

text: on

text: the

text: banks

text: of

text: rivers

text: Spree

text: and

text: Havel

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: centre

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Brandenburg

text: Metropolitan

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: about

text: million

text: residents

text: from

text: more

text: than

text: nations

text: Due

text: to

text: its

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: European

text: Plain

text: Berlin

text: is

text: influenced

text: by

text: temperate

text: seasonal

text: climate

text: Around

text: one

text: third

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: area

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: forests

text: parks

text: gardens

text: rivers

text: and

text: lakes

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity fountains in leipzig

answer: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony

text: saxony


text: France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux.

text: France

text: officially

text: the

text: French

text: Republic

text: is

text: country

text: with

text: territory

text: in

text: western

text: Europe

text: and

text: several

text: overseas

text: regions

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: European

text: or

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: of

text: France

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: and

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: from

text: the

text: Rhine

text: to

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Overseas

text: France

text: include

text: French

text: Guiana

text: on

text: the

text: South

text: American

text: continent

text: and

text: several

text: island

text: territories

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Pacific

text: and

text: Indian

text: oceans

text: France

text: spans

text: and

text: had

text: total

text: population

text: of

text: almost

text: million

text: people

text: as

text: of

text: January

text: It

text: is

text: unitary

text: semi

text: presidential

text: republic

text: with

text: the

text: capital

text: in

text: Paris

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: largest

text: city

text: and

text: main

text: cultural

text: and

text: commercial

text: centre

text: Other

text: major

text: urban

text: centres

text: include

text: Marseille

text: Lyon

text: Lille

text: Nice

text: Toulouse

text: and

text: Bordeaux

text: A museum is an institution that cares for (conserves) a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance and some public museums make them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities throughout the world and more local ones exist in smaller cities, towns and even the countryside. Museums have varying aims, ranging from serving researchers and specialists to serving the general public. The goal of serving researchers is increasingly shifting to serving the general public.

text: museum

text: is

text: an

text: institution

text: that

text: cares

text: for

text: conserves

text: collection

text: of

text: artifacts

text: and

text: other

text: objects

text: of

text: artistic

text: cultural

text: historical

text: or

text: scientific

text: importance

text: and

text: some

text: public

text: museums

text: make

text: them

text: available

text: for

text: public

text: viewing

text: through

text: exhibits

text: that

text: may

text: be

text: permanent

text: or

text: temporary

text: Most

text: large

text: museums

text: are

text: located

text: in

text: major

text: cities

text: throughout

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: more

text: local

text: ones

text: exist

text: in

text: smaller

text: cities

text: towns

text: and

text: even

text: the

text: countryside

text: Museums

text: have

text: varying

text: aims

text: ranging

text: from

text: serving

text: researchers

text: and

text: specialists

text: to

text: serving

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: The

text: goal

text: of

text: serving

text: researchers

text: is

text: increasingly

text: shifting

text: to

text: serving

text: the

text: general

text: public

text: Paris (French: ) is the capital and most populous city of France. It has an area of and a population in 2013 of 2,229,621 within its administrative limits. The city is both a commune and department, and forms the centre and headquarters of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an area of and a population in 2014 of 12,005,077, comprising 18.2 percent of the population of France.

text: Paris

text: French

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: within

text: its

text: administrative

text: limits

text: The

text: city

text: is

text: both

text: commune

text: and

text: department

text: and

text: forms

text: the

text: centre

text: and

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: Île

text: de

text: France

text: or

text: Paris

text: Region

text: which

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: population

text: in

text: of

text: comprising

text: percent

text: of

text: the

text: population

text: of

text: France

text: The Louvre or the Louvre Museum is the world's largest museum and a historic monument in Paris, France. A central landmark of the city, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the city's 1st arrondissement (district or ward). Nearly 35,000 objects from prehistory to the 21st century are exhibited over an area of 72,735 square metres (782,910 square feet). The Louvre is the world's second most visited museum after the Palace Museum in China, receiving more than 9.26 million visitors in 2014.

text: The

text: Louvre

text: or

text: the

text: Louvre

text: Museum

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: museum

text: and

text: historic

text: monument

text: in

text: Paris

text: France

text: central

text: landmark

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: it

text: is

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: Right

text: Bank

text: of

text: the

text: Seine

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: 's

text: arrondissement

text: district

text: or

text: ward

text: Nearly

text: objects

text: from

text: prehistory

text: to

text: the

text: century

text: are

text: exhibited

text: over

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: square

text: metres

text: square

text: feet

text: The

text: Louvre

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: most

text: visited

text: museum

text: after

text: the

text: Palace

text: Museum

text: in

text: China

text: receiving

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: visitors

text: in

text: Thomas Regnaudin ( baptised 18 February 1622 -- 3 July 1706 ) was a French sculptor , affiliated with Northern Baroque . Some of Regnaudin 's works were placed in the Apollo Gallery of the Louvre . A son of a stonemason , he was a pupil of Anguier .

text: Thomas

text: Regnaudin

text: baptised

text: February

text: July

text: was

text: French

text: sculptor

text: affiliated

text: with

text: Northern

text: Baroque

text: Some

text: of

text: Regnaudin

text: 's

text: works

text: were

text: placed

text: in

text: the

text: Apollo

text: Gallery

text: of

text: the

text: Louvre

text: son

text: of

text: stonemason

text: he

text: was

text: pupil

text: of

text: Anguier

text: The Seine is a long river and an important commercial waterway within the Paris Basin in the north of France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre (and Honfleur on the left bank). It is navigable by ocean-going vessels as far as Rouen, from the sea. Over 60 percent of its length, as far as Burgundy, is negotiable by commercial riverboats and nearly its whole length is available for recreational boating; excursion boats offer sightseeing tours of the "Rive Droite" and "Rive Gauche" within the city of Paris.

text: The

text: Seine

text: is

text: long

text: river

text: and

text: an

text: important

text: commercial

text: waterway

text: within

text: the

text: Paris

text: Basin

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: of

text: France

text: It

text: rises

text: at

text: Source

text: Seine

text: northwest

text: of

text: Dijon

text: in

text: northeastern

text: France

text: in

text: the

text: Langres

text: plateau

text: flowing

text: through

text: Paris

text: and

text: into

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: at

text: Le

text: Havre

text: and

text: Honfleur

text: on

text: the

text: left

text: bank

text: It

text: is

text: navigable

text: by

text: ocean

text: going

text: vessels

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Rouen

text: from

text: the

text: sea

text: Over

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: length

text: as

text: far

text: as

text: Burgundy

text: is

text: negotiable

text: by

text: commercial

text: riverboats

text: and

text: nearly

text: its

text: whole

text: length

text: is

text: available

text: for

text: recreational

text: boating

text: excursion

text: boats

text: offer

text: sightseeing

text: tours

text: of

text: the

text: Rive

text: Droite

text: and

text: Rive

text: Gauche

text: within

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Paris

annotations: likely single

question: place_of_death thomas regnaudin

answer: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris

text: paris


text: Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s. They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user. These computers were a distinct market segment that typically cost much less than business, scientific or engineering-oriented computers of the time such as the IBM PC, and were generally less powerful in terms of memory and expandability. However, a home computer often had better graphics and sound than contemporaneous business computers. Their most common uses were playing video games, but they were also regularly used for word processing, doing homework, and programming.

text: Home

text: computers

text: were

text: class

text: of

text: microcomputers

text: entering

text: the

text: market

text: in

text: and

text: becoming

text: common

text: during

text: the

text: They

text: were

text: marketed

text: to

text: consumers

text: as

text: affordable

text: and

text: accessible

text: computers

text: that

text: for

text: the

text: first

text: time

text: were

text: intended

text: for

text: the

text: use

text: of

text: single

text: nontechnical

text: user

text: These

text: computers

text: were

text: distinct

text: market

text: segment

text: that

text: typically

text: cost

text: much

text: less

text: than

text: business

text: scientific

text: or

text: engineering

text: oriented

text: computers

text: of

text: the

text: time

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: IBM

text: PC

text: and

text: were

text: generally

text: less

text: powerful

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: memory

text: and

text: expandability

text: However

text: home

text: computer

text: often

text: had

text: better

text: graphics

text: and

text: sound

text: than

text: contemporaneous

text: business

text: computers

text: Their

text: most

text: common

text: uses

text: were

text: playing

text: video

text: games

text: but

text: they

text: were

text: also

text: regularly

text: used

text: for

text: word

text: processing

text: doing

text: homework

text: and

text: programming

text: 3D Monster Maze is a computer game developed from an idea by J.K.Greye and programmed by Malcolm Evans in 1981 for the Sinclair ZX81 platform with the 16 KB memory expansion. The game was initially released by J. K. Greye Software in early 1982 and re-released later the same year by Evans' own startup, New Generation Software. Rendered using low-resolution character block "graphics", it was one of the first 3D games for a home computer, and the first game incorporating typical elements of the genre that would later be termed survival horror.

text: Monster

text: Maze

text: is

text: computer

text: game

text: developed

text: from

text: an

text: idea

text: by

text: J.K.Greye

text: and

text: programmed

text: by

text: Malcolm

text: Evans

text: in

text: for

text: the

text: Sinclair

text: platform

text: with

text: the

text: KB

text: memory

text: expansion

text: The

text: game

text: was

text: initially

text: released

text: by

text: Greye

text: Software

text: in

text: early

text: and

text: re

text: released

text: later

text: the

text: same

text: year

text: by

text: Evans

text: own

text: startup

text: New

text: Generation

text: Software

text: Rendered

text: using

text: low

text: resolution

text: character

text: block

text: graphics

text: it

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: games

text: for

text: home

text: computer

text: and

text: the

text: first

text: game

text: incorporating

text: typical

text: elements

text: of

text: the

text: genre

text: that

text: would

text: later

text: be

text: termed

text: survival

text: horror

text: The IBM System/360 introduced byte-addressable memory with 8-bit bytes, as opposed to bit-addressable or decimal digit-addressable or word-addressable memory, although its general purpose registers were 32 bits wide, and addresses were contained in the lower 24 bits of those addresses. Different models of System/360 had different internal data path widths; the IBM System/360 Model 30 (1965) implemented the 32-bit System/360 architecture, but had an 8 bit native path width, and performed 32-bit arithmetic 8 bits at a time.

text: The

text: IBM

text: introduced

text: byte

text: addressable

text: memory

text: with

text: bytes

text: as

text: opposed

text: to

text: bit

text: addressable

text: or

text: decimal

text: digit

text: addressable

text: or

text: word

text: addressable

text: memory

text: although

text: its

text: general

text: purpose

text: registers

text: were

text: bits

text: wide

text: and

text: addresses

text: were

text: contained

text: in

text: the

text: lower

text: bits

text: of

text: those

text: addresses

text: Different

text: models

text: of

text: had

text: different

text: internal

text: data

text: path

text: widths

text: the

text: IBM

text: Model

text: implemented

text: the

text: architecture

text: but

text: had

text: an

text: bit

text: native

text: path

text: width

text: and

text: performed

text: arithmetic

text: bits

text: at

text: time

text: A video game is an electronic game that involves human or animal interaction with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device such as a TV screen or computer monitor. The word "video" in "video game" traditionally referred to a raster display device, but as of the 2000s, it implies any type of display device that can produce two- or three-dimensional images. Some theorists categorize video games as an art form, but this designation is controversial.

text: video

text: game

text: is

text: an

text: electronic

text: game

text: that

text: involves

text: human

text: or

text: animal

text: interaction

text: with

text: user

text: interface

text: to

text: generate

text: visual

text: feedback

text: on

text: video

text: device

text: such

text: as

text: TV

text: screen

text: or

text: computer

text: monitor

text: The

text: word

text: video

text: in

text: video

text: game

text: traditionally

text: referred

text: to

text: raster

text: display

text: device

text: but

text: as

text: of

text: the

text: it

text: implies

text: any

text: type

text: of

text: display

text: device

text: that

text: can

text: produce

text: two-

text: or

text: three

text: dimensional

text: images

text: Some

text: theorists

text: categorize

text: video

text: games

text: as

text: an

text: art

text: form

text: but

text: this

text: designation

text: is

text: controversial

text: J.K. Greye Software was a British software company set up by J.K.Greye in early 1981 and 6 months later joined by Malcolm Evans after they met at a Bath Classical Guitar & Lute Society meeting in Bath in 1981. They produced computer games for the Sinclair ZX81 and ZX Spectrum home computers.

text: J.K.

text: Greye

text: Software

text: was

text: British

text: software

text: company

text: set

text: up

text: by

text: J.K.Greye

text: in

text: early

text: and

text: months

text: later

text: joined

text: by

text: Malcolm

text: Evans

text: after

text: they

text: met

text: at

text: Bath

text: Classical

text: Guitar

text: Lute

text: Society

text: meeting

text: in

text: Bath

text: in

text: They

text: produced

text: computer

text: games

text: for

text: the

text: Sinclair

text: and

text: ZX

text: Spectrum

text: home

text: computers

text: The ZX Spectrum is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research Ltd. It was manufactured in Dundee, Scotland, in the now closed Timex factory.

text: The

text: ZX

text: Spectrum

text: is

text: an

text: personal

text: home

text: computer

text: released

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: by

text: Sinclair

text: Research

text: Ltd.

text: It

text: was

text: manufactured

text: in

text: Dundee

text: Scotland

text: in

text: the

text: now

text: closed

text: Timex

text: factory

text: Corridors of Genon is a ZX Spectrum video game developed and released by New Generation Software in 1983 .

text: Corridors

text: of

text: Genon

text: is

text: ZX

text: Spectrum

text: video

text: game

text: developed

text: and

text: released

text: by

text: New

text: Generation

text: Software

text: in

text: New Generation Software was a firm best known for the computer games with innovative graphics it produced for the Sinclair ZX81 and ZX Spectrum computers. It was conceived in the spring of 1982 shortly after the lead developer, Malcolm Evans created "3D Monster Maze" (initially released by J. K. Greye Software, and later republished by "New Generation Software")one of the first 3D games for a home computer.

text: New

text: Generation

text: Software

text: was

text: firm

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: computer

text: games

text: with

text: innovative

text: graphics

text: it

text: produced

text: for

text: the

text: Sinclair

text: and

text: ZX

text: Spectrum

text: computers

text: It

text: was

text: conceived

text: in

text: the

text: spring

text: of

text: shortly

text: after

text: the

text: lead

text: developer

text: Malcolm

text: Evans

text: created

text: Monster

text: Maze

text: initially

text: released

text: by

text: Greye

text: Software

text: and

text: later

text: republished

text: by

text: New

text: Generation

text: Software")one

text: of

text: the

text: first

text: games

text: for

text: home

text: computer

question: developer corridors of genon

answer: malcolm evans

text: malcolm evans

text: malcolm evans

text: malcolm evans