text: Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels"), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the second-most populous city in the United States (after New York City), the most populous city in California and the county seat of Los Angeles County. Situated in Southern California, Los Angeles is known for its mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, sprawling metropolis, and as a major center of the American entertainment industry. Los Angeles lies in a large coastal basin surrounded on three sides by mountains reaching up to and over .

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Spanish

text: for

text: The

text: Angels

text: officially

text: the

text: City

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: and

text: often

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: initials

text: L.A.

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: California

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: seat

text: of

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: Situated

text: in

text: Southern

text: California

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: its

text: mediterranean

text: climate

text: ethnic

text: diversity

text: sprawling

text: metropolis

text: and

text: as

text: major

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: entertainment

text: industry

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: lies

text: in

text: large

text: coastal

text: basin

text: surrounded

text: on

text: three

text: sides

text: by

text: mountains

text: reaching

text: up

text: to

text: and

text: over

text: The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over a land area of just , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. A global power city, New York City exerts a significant impact upon commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, its fast pace defining the term "New York minute". Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has been described as the cultural and financial capital of the world.

text: The

text: City

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: often

text: called

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: or

text: simply

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: With

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: distributed

text: over

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: just

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: is

text: also

text: the

text: most

text: densely

text: populated

text: major

text: city

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Located

text: at

text: the

text: southern

text: tip

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: New

text: York

text: the

text: city

text: is

text: the

text: center

text: of

text: the

text: New

text: York

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: urban

text: agglomerations

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: global

text: power

text: city

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: exerts

text: significant

text: impact

text: upon

text: commerce

text: finance

text: media

text: art

text: fashion

text: research

text: technology

text: education

text: and

text: entertainment

text: its

text: fast

text: pace

text: defining

text: the

text: term

text: New

text: York

text: minute

text: Home

text: to

text: the

text: headquarters

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Nations

text: New

text: York

text: is

text: an

text: important

text: center

text: for

text: international

text: diplomacy

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: described

text: as

text: the

text: cultural

text: and

text: financial

text: capital

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: A state highway, state road, or state route (and the equivalent provincial highway, provincial road, or provincial route) is usually either a road "numbered" by the state or province, falling below numbered national highways in the hierarchy (route numbers are used to aid navigation, and may or may not indicate ownership or maintenance); or a road "maintained" by the state or province, including both nationally numbered highways and un-numbered state highways. Depending on the state, state highway may be used for one meaning and state road or state route for the other.

text: state

text: highway

text: state

text: road

text: or

text: state

text: route

text: and

text: the

text: equivalent

text: provincial

text: highway

text: provincial

text: road

text: or

text: provincial

text: route

text: is

text: usually

text: either

text: road

text: numbered

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: or

text: province

text: falling

text: below

text: numbered

text: national

text: highways

text: in

text: the

text: hierarchy

text: route

text: numbers

text: are

text: used

text: to

text: aid

text: navigation

text: and

text: may

text: or

text: may

text: not

text: indicate

text: ownership

text: or

text: maintenance

text: or

text: road

text: maintained

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: or

text: province

text: including

text: both

text: nationally

text: numbered

text: highways

text: and

text: un

text: numbered

text: state

text: highways

text: Depending

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: state

text: highway

text: may

text: be

text: used

text: for

text: one

text: meaning

text: and

text: state

text: road

text: or

text: state

text: route

text: for

text: the

text: other

text: Arizona (O'odham: "Al onak" [ai onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western United States and the Mountain West states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona is one of the Four Corners states. It has borders with New Mexico, Utah, Nevada, California, and Mexico, and one point in common with the southwestern corner of Colorado. Arizona's border with Mexico is 389 miles (626 km) long, on the northern border of the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California.

text: Arizona

text: O'odham

text: Al

text: onak

text: ai

text: onak

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: southwestern

text: region

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Western

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: Mountain

text: West

text: states

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: sixth

text: largest

text: and

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: Its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Phoenix

text: Arizona

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: Four

text: Corners

text: states

text: It

text: has

text: borders

text: with

text: New

text: Mexico

text: Utah

text: Nevada

text: California

text: and

text: Mexico

text: and

text: one

text: point

text: in

text: common

text: with

text: the

text: southwestern

text: corner

text: of

text: Colorado

text: Arizona

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: Mexico

text: is

text: miles

text: km

text: long

text: on

text: the

text: northern

text: border

text: of

text: the

text: Mexican

text: states

text: of

text: Sonora

text: and

text: Baja

text: California

text: State Route 41 (SR 41) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California, connecting the Cabrillo Highway (SR 1) in Morro Bay with Fresno and Yosemite National Park via the San Joaquin Valley. Except between US 101 in Atascadero and SR 46 near Shandon, SR 41 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System. It has been constructed as an expressway from near SR 198 in Lemoore north to the south part of Fresno, where the Yosemite Freeway begins, passing along the east side of downtown and extending north into Madera County.

text: State

text: Route

text: SR

text: is

text: state

text: highway

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: California

text: connecting

text: the

text: Cabrillo

text: Highway

text: SR

text: in

text: Morro

text: Bay

text: with

text: Fresno

text: and

text: Yosemite

text: National

text: Park

text: via

text: the

text: San

text: Joaquin

text: Valley

text: Except

text: between

text: US

text: in

text: Atascadero

text: and

text: SR

text: near

text: Shandon

text: SR

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: California

text: Freeway

text: and

text: Expressway

text: System

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: constructed

text: as

text: an

text: expressway

text: from

text: near

text: SR

text: in

text: Lemoore

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: part

text: of

text: Fresno

text: where

text: the

text: Yosemite

text: Freeway

text: begins

text: passing

text: along

text: the

text: east

text: side

text: of

text: downtown

text: and

text: extending

text: north

text: into

text: Madera

text: County

text: Hub is an unincorporated community in Kings and Fresno Counties , California . It is located near the former right - of - way of the Southern Pacific Railroad 7.25 miles ( 12 km ) north - northwest of Lemoore at the intersection of California State Route 41 and Excelsior Avenue , at an elevation of 233 feet ( 71 m ) . The only business in the rural community is a beer bar called `` The Hub . ''

text: Hub

text: is

text: an

text: unincorporated

text: community

text: in

text: Kings

text: and

text: Fresno

text: Counties

text: California

text: It

text: is

text: located

text: near

text: the

text: former

text: right

text: of

text: way

text: of

text: the

text: Southern

text: Pacific

text: Railroad

text: miles

text: km

text: north

text: northwest

text: of

text: Lemoore

text: at

text: the

text: intersection

text: of

text: California

text: State

text: Route

text: and

text: Excelsior

text: Avenue

text: at

text: an

text: elevation

text: of

text: feet

text: The

text: only

text: business

text: in

text: the

text: rural

text: community

text: is

text: beer

text: bar

text: called

text: The

text: Hub

text: Yosemite National Park is a national park spanning portions of Tuolumne, Mariposa and Madera counties in Northern California. The park, which is managed by the National Park Service, covers an area of and reaches across the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. About 4 million people visit Yosemite each year: most spend the majority of their time in the seven square miles (18 km) of Yosemite Valley. Designated a World Heritage Site in 1984, Yosemite is internationally recognized for its granite cliffs, waterfalls, clear streams, giant sequoia groves, lakes, mountains, glaciers, and biological diversity. Almost 95% of the park is designated wilderness. Yosemite was central to the development of the national park idea. First, Galen Clark and others lobbied to protect Yosemite Valley from development, ultimately leading to President Abraham Lincoln's signing the Yosemite Grant in 1864. Later, John Muir led a successful movement to establish a larger national park encompassing not just the valley, but surrounding mountains and forests as wellpaving the way for the United States national park system.

text: Yosemite

text: National

text: Park

text: is

text: national

text: park

text: spanning

text: portions

text: of

text: Tuolumne

text: Mariposa

text: and

text: Madera

text: counties

text: in

text: Northern

text: California

text: The

text: park

text: which

text: is

text: managed

text: by

text: the

text: National

text: Park

text: Service

text: covers

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: and

text: reaches

text: across

text: the

text: western

text: slopes

text: of

text: the

text: Sierra

text: Nevada

text: mountain

text: range

text: About

text: million

text: people

text: visit

text: Yosemite

text: each

text: year

text: most

text: spend

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: their

text: time

text: in

text: the

text: seven

text: square

text: miles

text: km

text: of

text: Yosemite

text: Valley

text: Designated

text: World

text: Heritage

text: Site

text: in

text: Yosemite

text: is

text: internationally

text: recognized

text: for

text: its

text: granite

text: cliffs

text: waterfalls

text: clear

text: streams

text: giant

text: sequoia

text: groves

text: lakes

text: mountains

text: glaciers

text: and

text: biological

text: diversity

text: Almost

text: of

text: the

text: park

text: is

text: designated

text: wilderness

text: Yosemite

text: was

text: central

text: to

text: the

text: development

text: of

text: the

text: national

text: park

text: idea

text: First

text: Galen

text: Clark

text: and

text: others

text: lobbied

text: to

text: protect

text: Yosemite

text: Valley

text: from

text: development

text: ultimately

text: leading

text: to

text: President

text: Abraham

text: Lincoln

text: 's

text: signing

text: the

text: Yosemite

text: Grant

text: in

text: Later

text: John

text: Muir

text: led

text: successful

text: movement

text: to

text: establish

text: larger

text: national

text: park

text: encompassing

text: not

text: just

text: the

text: valley

text: but

text: surrounding

text: mountains

text: and

text: forests

text: as

text: wellpaving

text: the

text: way

text: for

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: national

text: park

text: system

text: The California Freeway and Expressway System is a system of existing or planned freeways and expressways in the U.S. state of California. It encompasses both State highways and federal highways in California. It is defined by the Streets and Highways Code, sections 250-257.

text: The

text: California

text: Freeway

text: and

text: Expressway

text: System

text: is

text: system

text: of

text: existing

text: or

text: planned

text: freeways

text: and

text: expressways

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: California

text: It

text: encompasses

text: both

text: State

text: highways

text: and

text: federal

text: highways

text: in

text: California

text: It

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: the

text: Streets

text: and

text: Highways

text: Code

text: sections

text: Nevada (Spanish for "snowy"; see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, and the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las VegasParadise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital is Carson City. Nevada is officially known as the "Silver State" because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the "Battle Born State", because it achieved statehood during the Civil War (the words "Battle Born" also appear on the state flag); as the "Sage-brush State", for the native plant of the same name; and as the "Sage-hen State". Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east.

text: Nevada

text: Spanish

text: for

text: snowy

text: see

text: pronunciations

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Mountain

text: West

text: and

text: Southwestern

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: Nevada

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: extensive

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: and

text: the

text: least

text: densely

text: populated

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Nearly

text: three

text: quarters

text: of

text: Nevada

text: 's

text: people

text: live

text: in

text: Clark

text: County

text: which

text: contains

text: the

text: Las

text: VegasParadise

text: metropolitan

text: area

text: where

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: 's

text: four

text: largest

text: incorporated

text: cities

text: are

text: located

text: Nevada

text: 's

text: capital

text: is

text: Carson

text: City

text: Nevada

text: is

text: officially

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Silver

text: State

text: because

text: of

text: the

text: importance

text: of

text: silver

text: to

text: its

text: history

text: and

text: economy

text: It

text: is

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Battle

text: Born

text: State

text: because

text: it

text: achieved

text: statehood

text: during

text: the

text: Civil

text: War

text: the

text: words

text: Battle

text: Born

text: also

text: appear

text: on

text: the

text: state

text: flag

text: as

text: the

text: Sage

text: brush

text: State

text: for

text: the

text: native

text: plant

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: and

text: as

text: the

text: Sage

text: hen

text: State

text: Nevada

text: borders

text: Oregon

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Idaho

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: California

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Arizona

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: and

text: Utah

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Baja California, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California, is a state in Mexico. It is the northernmost and westernmost of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, comprises the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1953, the area was known as the North Territory of Baja California ("El Territorio Norte de Baja California"). It has an area of , or 3.57% of the land mass of Mexico and comprises the northern half of the Baja California Peninsula, north of the 28th parallel, plus oceanic Guadalupe Island. The mainland portion of the state is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by Sonora, the U.S. State of Arizona, and the Gulf of California (also known as the "Sea of Cortez"), and on the south by Baja California Sur. Its northern limit is the U.S. state of California.

text: Baja

text: California

text: officially

text: the

text: Free

text: and

text: Sovereign

text: State

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: Mexico

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: northernmost

text: and

text: westernmost

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: which

text: with

text: Mexico

text: City

text: comprises

text: the

text: Federal

text: Entities

text: of

text: Mexico

text: Before

text: becoming

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: North

text: Territory

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: El

text: Territorio

text: Norte

text: de

text: Baja

text: California

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: or

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: mass

text: of

text: Mexico

text: and

text: comprises

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: Baja

text: California

text: Peninsula

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: parallel

text: plus

text: oceanic

text: Guadalupe

text: Island

text: The

text: mainland

text: portion

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: is

text: bordered

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: Sonora

text: the

text: U.S.

text: State

text: of

text: Arizona

text: and

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: California

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Sea

text: of

text: Cortez

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: south

text: by

text: Baja

text: California

text: Sur

text: Its

text: northern

text: limit

text: is

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: California

text: California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western (Pacific Ocean) coast of the U.S., California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. The state capital is Sacramento. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second largest after New York City. The state also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County.

text: California

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: the

text: third

text: most

text: extensive

text: by

text: area

text: Located

text: on

text: the

text: western

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: coast

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: California

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: the

text: other

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Oregon

text: Nevada

text: and

text: Arizona

text: and

text: shares

text: an

text: international

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: Mexican

text: state

text: of

text: Baja

text: California

text: The

text: state

text: capital

text: is

text: Sacramento

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: is

text: California

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: after

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: The

text: state

text: also

text: has

text: the

text: nation

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: county

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: County

text: and

text: its

text: largest

text: county

text: by

text: area

text: San

text: Bernardino

text: County

text: A U.S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are bound together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory, and shares its sovereignty with the United States federal government. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the federal government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders (e.g., paroled convicts and children of divorced spouses who are sharing custody).

text: U.S.

text: state

text: is

text: constituent

text: political

text: entity

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: There

text: are

text: states

text: which

text: are

text: bound

text: together

text: in

text: union

text: with

text: each

text: other

text: Each

text: state

text: holds

text: administrative

text: jurisdiction

text: over

text: defined

text: geographic

text: territory

text: and

text: shares

text: its

text: sovereignty

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: federal

text: government

text: Due

text: to

text: the

text: shared

text: sovereignty

text: between

text: each

text: state

text: and

text: the

text: federal

text: government

text: Americans

text: are

text: citizens

text: of

text: both

text: the

text: federal

text: republic

text: and

text: of

text: the

text: state

text: in

text: which

text: they

text: reside

text: State

text: citizenship

text: and

text: residency

text: are

text: flexible

text: and

text: no

text: government

text: approval

text: is

text: required

text: to

text: move

text: between

text: states

text: except

text: for

text: persons

text: covered

text: by

text: certain

text: types

text: of

text: court

text: orders

text: e.g.

text: paroled

text: convicts

text: and

text: children

text: of

text: divorced

text: spouses

text: who

text: are

text: sharing

text: custody

text: The San Joaquin Valley is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California that lies south of the SacramentoSan Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the San Joaquin River. It comprises seven Northern California countiesall of Kings County; a majority of Fresno, Merced, Stanislaus counties; segments of Madera and Tulare countiesand all of Kern County, in Southern California. Although a majority of the valley is rural, it does contain urban cities such as Fresno, Bakersfield, Stockton, Modesto, Turlock, Porterville, Visalia, Merced, and Hanford.

text: The

text: San

text: Joaquin

text: Valley

text: is

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: the

text: Central

text: Valley

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: state

text: of

text: California

text: that

text: lies

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: SacramentoSan

text: Joaquin

text: River

text: Delta

text: and

text: is

text: drained

text: by

text: the

text: San

text: Joaquin

text: River

text: It

text: comprises

text: seven

text: Northern

text: California

text: countiesall

text: of

text: Kings

text: County

text: majority

text: of

text: Fresno

text: Merced

text: Stanislaus

text: counties

text: segments

text: of

text: Madera

text: and

text: Tulare

text: countiesand

text: all

text: of

text: Kern

text: County

text: in

text: Southern

text: California

text: Although

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: valley

text: is

text: rural

text: it

text: does

text: contain

text: urban

text: cities

text: such

text: as

text: Fresno

text: Bakersfield

text: Stockton

text: Modesto

text: Turlock

text: Porterville

text: Visalia

text: Merced

text: and

text: Hanford

text: The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south and is bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.

text: The

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Earth

text: 's

text: oceanic

text: divisions

text: It

text: extends

text: from

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: to

text: the

text: Southern

text: Ocean

text: or

text: depending

text: on

text: definition

text: to

text: Antarctica

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: is

text: bounded

text: by

text: Asia

text: and

text: Australia

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: the

text: Americas

text: in

text: the

text: east

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity hub

answer: kings county

text: kings county


text: Ernest Joachim Sternglass ( September 24 , 1923 -- February 12 , 2015 ) was a professor emeritus at the University of Pittsburgh and director of the Radiation and Public Health Project . He is an American physicist and author , best known for his controversial research on the health risks of low - level radiation from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons and from nuclear power plants .

text: Ernest

text: Joachim

text: Sternglass

text: September

text: February

text: was

text: professor

text: emeritus

text: at

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pittsburgh

text: and

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Radiation

text: and

text: Public

text: Health

text: Project

text: He

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: physicist

text: and

text: author

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: controversial

text: research

text: on

text: the

text: health

text: risks

text: of

text: low

text: level

text: radiation

text: from

text: atmospheric

text: testing

text: of

text: nuclear

text: weapons

text: and

text: from

text: nuclear

text: power

text: plants

text: Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: "Pennsylvaani"), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle. The commonwealth borders Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.

text: Pennsylvania

text: Pennsylvania

text: German

text: Pennsylvaani

text: officially

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: is

text: state

text: located

text: in

text: the

text: northeastern

text: and

text: Mid

text: Atlantic

text: regions

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: run

text: through

text: its

text: middle

text: The

text: commonwealth

text: borders

text: Delaware

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: Maryland

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: West

text: Virginia

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: Ohio

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Lake

text: Erie

text: and

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Ontario

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: New

text: York

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: New

text: Jersey

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: The Commonwealth System of Higher Education is a statutory designation by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania that confers "state-related" status on four universities located within the state. The designation establishes the schools as an "instrumentality of the commonwealth" and provides each university with annual, non-preferred financial appropriations in exchange offering tuition discounts to students that are residents of Pennsylvania and a minority state-representation on each school's board of trustees. Legally, however, the universities remain separate and private entities, operating under their own charters, governed by independent boards of trustees, and with its assets under their own ownership and control thereby retaining much of the freedom and individuality of private institutions, both administratively and academically. It is the only public-private hybrid system of higher education in the United States that is so construed, although Cornell University, the University of Delaware, and Rutgers University represent alternative types of public-private university hybrids.

text: The

text: Commonwealth

text: System

text: of

text: Higher

text: Education

text: is

text: statutory

text: designation

text: by

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: that

text: confers

text: state

text: related

text: status

text: on

text: four

text: universities

text: located

text: within

text: the

text: state

text: The

text: designation

text: establishes

text: the

text: schools

text: as

text: an

text: instrumentality

text: of

text: the

text: commonwealth

text: and

text: provides

text: each

text: university

text: with

text: annual

text: non

text: preferred

text: financial

text: appropriations

text: in

text: exchange

text: offering

text: tuition

text: discounts

text: to

text: students

text: that

text: are

text: residents

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: and

text: minority

text: state

text: representation

text: on

text: each

text: school

text: 's

text: board

text: of

text: trustees

text: Legally

text: however

text: the

text: universities

text: remain

text: separate

text: and

text: private

text: entities

text: operating

text: under

text: their

text: own

text: charters

text: governed

text: by

text: independent

text: boards

text: of

text: trustees

text: and

text: with

text: its

text: assets

text: under

text: their

text: own

text: ownership

text: and

text: control

text: thereby

text: retaining

text: much

text: of

text: the

text: freedom

text: and

text: individuality

text: of

text: private

text: institutions

text: both

text: administratively

text: and

text: academically

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: only

text: public

text: private

text: hybrid

text: system

text: of

text: higher

text: education

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: that

text: is

text: so

text: construed

text: although

text: Cornell

text: University

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Delaware

text: and

text: Rutgers

text: University

text: represent

text: alternative

text: types

text: of

text: public

text: private

text: university

text: hybrids

text: The University of Pennsylvania (commonly known as Penn or UPenn) is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Incorporated as "The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania", Penn is one of 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and one of the nine original colonial colleges.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: commonly

text: known

text: as

text: Penn

text: or

text: UPenn

text: is

text: private

text: Ivy

text: League

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: Pennsylvania

text: United

text: States

text: Incorporated

text: as

text: The

text: Trustees

text: of

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: Penn

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: founding

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Association

text: of

text: American

text: Universities

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: nine

text: original

text: colonial

text: colleges

text: The University of Pittsburgh (commonly referred to as Pitt) is a state-related research university located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1787 after the American Revolutionary War, it was founded on the edge of the American frontier as the Pittsburgh Academy. It developed and was renamed as Western University of Pennsylvania by a change to its charter in 1819. After surviving two devastating fires and various relocations within the area, the school moved to its current location in the Oakland neighborhood of the city; it was renamed as the University of Pittsburgh in 1908. For most of its history, Pitt was a private institution, until 1966 when it became part of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education.

text: The

text: University

text: of

text: Pittsburgh

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Pitt

text: is

text: state

text: related

text: research

text: university

text: located

text: in

text: Pittsburgh

text: Pennsylvania

text: In

text: after

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: it

text: was

text: founded

text: on

text: the

text: edge

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: frontier

text: as

text: the

text: Pittsburgh

text: Academy

text: It

text: developed

text: and

text: was

text: renamed

text: as

text: Western

text: University

text: of

text: Pennsylvania

text: by

text: change

text: to

text: its

text: charter

text: in

text: After

text: surviving

text: two

text: devastating

text: fires

text: and

text: various

text: relocations

text: within

text: the

text: area

text: the

text: school

text: moved

text: to

text: its

text: current

text: location

text: in

text: the

text: Oakland

text: neighborhood

text: of

text: the

text: city

text: it

text: was

text: renamed

text: as

text: the

text: University

text: of

text: Pittsburgh

text: in

text: For

text: most

text: of

text: its

text: history

text: Pitt

text: was

text: private

text: institution

text: until

text: when

text: it

text: became

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Commonwealth

text: System

text: of

text: Higher

text: Education

annotations: likely single

annotations: follows single

question: educated_at ernest j. sternglass

answer: cornell university

text: cornell university


text: Perak (Jawi:; chinese:) also known by its honorific, Darul Ridzuan, or "Abode of Grace", one of the 13 states of Malaysia, is the fourth largest state in the country. It borders Kedah at the north; Thai Yala Province to the northeast; Penang to the northwest; Kelantan and Pahang to the east; Selangor to the south, and the Straits of Malacca to the west.

text: Perak

text: Jawi

text: chinese

text: also

text: known

text: by

text: its

text: honorific

text: Darul

text: Ridzuan

text: or

text: Abode

text: of

text: Grace

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Malaysia

text: is

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: It

text: borders

text: Kedah

text: at

text: the

text: north

text: Thai

text: Yala

text: Province

text: to

text: the

text: northeast

text: Penang

text: to

text: the

text: northwest

text: Kelantan

text: and

text: Pahang

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Selangor

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: and

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Malacca

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East Indies; ) was a Dutch colony. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800.

text: The

text: Dutch

text: East

text: Indies

text: or

text: Netherlands

text: East

text: Indies

text: was

text: Dutch

text: colony

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: from

text: the

text: nationalised

text: colonies

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: which

text: came

text: under

text: the

text: administration

text: of

text: the

text: Dutch

text: government

text: in

text:
Capitan China Chung Keng Quee (182113 December1901) was the founder and administrator of modern Taiping in Perak, Malaysia. Appointed "Capitan China" by the British in 1877, he was a millionaire philanthropist and known as an innovator in the mining of tin. He was involved in many other industries including farming, pawnbroking and logging. He was respected by both Chinese and European communities in the early colonial settlement. His survival in the chaotic era owes much to his standing as leader of the Hai San, a Chinese secret society in British Malaya during the time of the Larut Wars (186273). a position he is said to have held till early 1884 although in all probability he continued to remain a leading member. The old fort at Teluk Batu was built by him to safeguard the mine that he opened there. He was a member of the Commission for the Pacification of Larut and sat as one of six members of the Advisory Perak State Council appointed by the British. Commenting on the role of the Perak Council, Richard James Wilkinson wrote,
"It is for the reader, in the light of subsequent events, to judge how far the Councillors were right or wrong, and to see for himself who really did the pioneer work of building up the prosperity of Perak. In the published accounts of British rule in Malaya, sufficient prominence has not always been given to the efforts of these early pioneers; the reaper, intent on his own work, is apt to forget the man who sowed. These Council Minutes are the record of the work of the sowers. A study of that record will show how much the State owes to Sir Hugh Low and to his fellow-Councillors, especially Raja Dris (the present Sultan), Sir William Maxwell, and the Chinese towkays, "Ah Kwi" [Chung Keng Quee] and Ah Yam."
Early history.
Third among his father's five sons, Chung Keng Quee was born into a peasant Hakka family in Xin Cun () village, Cheng Sheng (Zengcheng ) county of Guangdong province, China. At the time of his death the Perak Pioneer & Native States Advertiser VOL VIII Taiping Saturday 14 December 1901 reports: ""Precise information as to the date of his arrival in Perak is difficult to obtain but it is apparently certain that he has passed over forty-five years in the State before he retired to Penang."" It is believed that in 1841, he journeyed from China to British Malaya in a junk, sent by his mother, Madam Lai, to look for his father, Chung, Hsing Fah (Chung, Xingfa ; Hakka: Chang Hin Fatt). He had left his wife (Madam Lin) in China to look after his elderly mother. He is thought to have been 20 years of age at that time. Chung Hsing Fa, had come to Malaya as an indentured labourer during a time of great turbulence in China to make a living and support his family in China (see First and Second Opium Wars and Taiping Rebellion). After some time when Madam Lai received no news from her husband she sent Chung Keng Seng ( / ), her second son. Still receiving no news, she then sent Keng Quee. When Keng Quee arrived in Perak, he discovered that both his father Hsing Fa and his brother Keng Seng were by that time well established in business. In fact, Keng Seng was so popular he was known as Lui Kong Seng (literally Thunder God Seng). His father, Hsing Fa was one of the early leaders of the Tseng Lung association on King Street. Keng Quee entered the mining business which his father and brother were engaged in. By 1860 he controlled the Penang-based Hai San Secret Society as well as the Larut tin-fields the Hai San were associated with. Information about his career before that time is generally unknown.

text: Capitan

text: China

text: Chung

text: Keng

text: Quee

text: was

text: the

text: founder

text: and

text: administrator

text: of

text: modern

text: Taiping

text: in

text: Perak

text: Malaysia

text: Appointed

text: Capitan

text: China

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: in

text: he

text: was

text: millionaire

text: philanthropist

text: and

text: known

text: as

text: an

text: innovator

text: in

text: the

text: mining

text: of

text: tin

text: He

text: was

text: involved

text: in

text: many

text: other

text: industries

text: including

text: farming

text: pawnbroking

text: and

text: logging

text: He

text: was

text: respected

text: by

text: both

text: Chinese

text: and

text: European

text: communities

text: in

text: the

text: early

text: colonial

text: settlement

text: His

text: survival

text: in

text: the

text: chaotic

text: era

text: owes

text: much

text: to

text: his

text: standing

text: as

text: leader

text: of

text: the

text: Hai

text: San

text: Chinese

text: secret

text: society

text: in

text: British

text: Malaya

text: during

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: the

text: Larut

text: Wars

text: position

text: he

text: is

text: said

text: to

text: have

text: held

text: till

text: early

text: although

text: in

text: all

text: probability

text: he

text: continued

text: to

text: remain

text: leading

text: member

text: The

text: old

text: fort

text: at

text: Teluk

text: Batu

text: was

text: built

text: by

text: him

text: to

text: safeguard

text: the

text: mine

text: that

text: he

text: opened

text: there

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Commission

text: for

text: the

text: Pacification

text: of

text: Larut

text: and

text: sat

text: as

text: one

text: of

text: six

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Advisory

text: Perak

text: State

text: Council

text: appointed

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: Commenting

text: on

text: the

text: role

text: of

text: the

text: Perak

text: Council

text: Richard

text: James

text: Wilkinson

text: wrote

text: It

text: is

text: for

text: the

text: reader

text: in

text: the

text: light

text: of

text: subsequent

text: events

text: to

text: judge

text: how

text: far

text: the

text: Councillors

text: were

text: right

text: or

text: wrong

text: and

text: to

text: see

text: for

text: himself

text: who

text: really

text: did

text: the

text: pioneer

text: work

text: of

text: building

text: up

text: the

text: prosperity

text: of

text: Perak

text: In

text: the

text: published

text: accounts

text: of

text: British

text: rule

text: in

text: Malaya

text: sufficient

text: prominence

text: has

text: not

text: always

text: been

text: given

text: to

text: the

text: efforts

text: of

text: these

text: early

text: pioneers

text: the

text: reaper

text: intent

text: on

text: his

text: own

text: work

text: is

text: apt

text: to

text: forget

text: the

text: man

text: who

text: sowed

text: These

text: Council

text: Minutes

text: are

text: the

text: record

text: of

text: the

text: work

text: of

text: the

text: sowers

text: study

text: of

text: that

text: record

text: will

text: show

text: how

text: much

text: the

text: State

text: owes

text: to

text: Sir

text: Hugh

text: Low

text: and

text: to

text: his

text: fellow

text: Councillors

text: especially

text: Raja

text: Dris

text: the

text: present

text: Sultan

text: Sir

text: William

text: Maxwell

text: and

text: the

text: Chinese

text: towkays

text: Ah

text: Kwi

text: Chung

text: Keng

text: Quee

text: and

text: Ah

text: Yam

text: Early

text: history

text: Third

text: among

text: his

text: father

text: 's

text: five

text: sons

text: Chung

text: Keng

text: Quee

text: was

text: born

text: into

text: peasant

text: Hakka

text: family

text: in

text: Xin

text: Cun

text: village

text: Cheng

text: Sheng

text: Zengcheng

text: county

text: of

text: Guangdong

text: province

text: China

text: At

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: his

text: death

text: the

text: Perak

text: Pioneer

text: Native

text: States

text: Advertiser

text: VOL

text: VIII

text: Taiping

text: Saturday

text: December

text: reports

text: Precise

text: information

text: as

text: to

text: the

text: date

text: of

text: his

text: arrival

text: in

text: Perak

text: is

text: difficult

text: to

text: obtain

text: but

text: it

text: is

text: apparently

text: certain

text: that

text: he

text: has

text: passed

text: over

text: forty

text: five

text: years

text: in

text: the

text: State

text: before

text: he

text: retired

text: to

text: Penang

text: It

text: is

text: believed

text: that

text: in

text: he

text: journeyed

text: from

text: China

text: to

text: British

text: Malaya

text: in

text: junk

text: sent

text: by

text: his

text: mother

text: Madam

text: Lai

text: to

text: look

text: for

text: his

text: father

text: Chung

text: Hsing

text: Fah

text: Chung

text: Xingfa

text: Hakka

text: Chang

text: Hin

text: Fatt

text: He

text: had

text: left

text: his

text: wife

text: Madam

text: Lin

text: in

text: China

text: to

text: look

text: after

text: his

text: elderly

text: mother

text: He

text: is

text: thought

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: years

text: of

text: age

text: at

text: that

text: time

text: Chung

text: Hsing

text: Fa

text: had

text: come

text: to

text: Malaya

text: as

text: an

text: indentured

text: labourer

text: during

text: time

text: of

text: great

text: turbulence

text: in

text: China

text: to

text: make

text: living

text: and

text: support

text: his

text: family

text: in

text: China

text: see

text: First

text: and

text: Second

text: Opium

text: Wars

text: and

text: Taiping

text: Rebellion

text: After

text: some

text: time

text: when

text: Madam

text: Lai

text: received

text: no

text: news

text: from

text: her

text: husband

text: she

text: sent

text: Chung

text: Keng

text: Seng

text: her

text: second

text: son

text: Still

text: receiving

text: no

text: news

text: she

text: then

text: sent

text: Keng

text: Quee

text: When

text: Keng

text: Quee

text: arrived

text: in

text: Perak

text: he

text: discovered

text: that

text: both

text: his

text: father

text: Hsing

text: Fa

text: and

text: his

text: brother

text: Keng

text: Seng

text: were

text: by

text: that

text: time

text: well

text: established

text: in

text: business

text: In

text: fact

text: Keng

text: Seng

text: was

text: so

text: popular

text: he

text: was

text: known

text: as

text: Lui

text: Kong

text: Seng

text: literally

text: Thunder

text: God

text: Seng

text: His

text: father

text: Hsing

text: Fa

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: early

text: leaders

text: of

text: the

text: Tseng

text: Lung

text: association

text: on

text: King

text: Street

text: Keng

text: Quee

text: entered

text: the

text: mining

text: business

text: which

text: his

text: father

text: and

text: brother

text: were

text: engaged

text: in

text: By

text: he

text: controlled

text: the

text: Penang

text: based

text: Hai

text: San

text: Secret

text: Society

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: Larut

text: tin

text: fields

text: the

text: Hai

text: San

text: were

text: associated

text: with

text: Information

text: about

text: his

text: career

text: before

text: that

text: time

text: is

text: generally

text: unknown

text: Cheah Meng Chi (  ) or Cheah Choon Seng or Tjia Tjoen Sen (  ) or Hsie Yung Kuang (  ) , a Hakka from Meixian , Guangdong , China , was Chinese Vice Consul in Penang from 1895 -- 1903 and from 1906 - 1907 . He was a founding director of the Deli Bank in Medan , Indonesia . Born in 1848 in Pontianak , Dutch East Indies . He was a contractor of provisions and foodstuffs to the Dutch Government for eight years before moving to Kota Raja or Banda Acheh on the east coast of Sumatra where , in addition to those existing contracts he obtained fresh contracts for the construction of railroads and for opium and other revenue farms . He was appointed Lieutenant China , which he held for twenty - one years after which he was made Captain China . The Dutch Government conferred on him the Gold Star for `` Trouw en Verdienste '' and with a gold medal for outstanding contributions to them . Around 1898 he relinquished management of his business interests there , handing them over to the management of his attorney , Mr. Leong Mok On , and moved to Penang where he lived at No. 8 , Leith Street . He was appointed Chinese Vice-Consul to Penang , a position that was taken up by his son - in - law , Mr. Leong Fee , upon his resignation . He had interests in the Tambun mines in Perak and the Bentong mines near Kuala Lumpur . He was a member of the Penang Chinese Town Hall committee . He married the daughter of the Mayor of Pontianak , Mr. Chong Hi . Together with Cheong Fatt Tze , Leong Fee (  , Zhang Yao Xuan (  , and Foo Choo Choon (  ) , he founded the Chung Hua School (  or  , the first modern Chinese school in Malaya teaching in Mandarin . Cheah Choon Seng died on 4 February 1916 .

text: Cheah

text: Meng

text: Chi

text: or

text: Cheah

text: Choon

text: Seng

text: or

text: Tjia

text: Tjoen

text: Sen

text: or

text: Hsie

text: Yung

text: Kuang

text: Hakka

text: from

text: Meixian

text: Guangdong

text: China

text: was

text: Chinese

text: Vice

text: Consul

text: in

text: Penang

text: from

text: and

text: from

text: He

text: was

text: founding

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: Deli

text: Bank

text: in

text: Medan

text: Indonesia

text: Born

text: in

text: in

text: Pontianak

text: Dutch

text: East

text: Indies

text: He

text: was

text: contractor

text: of

text: provisions

text: and

text: foodstuffs

text: to

text: the

text: Dutch

text: Government

text: for

text: eight

text: years

text: before

text: moving

text: to

text: Kota

text: Raja

text: or

text: Banda

text: Acheh

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: coast

text: of

text: Sumatra

text: where

text: in

text: addition

text: to

text: those

text: existing

text: contracts

text: he

text: obtained

text: fresh

text: contracts

text: for

text: the

text: construction

text: of

text: railroads

text: and

text: for

text: opium

text: and

text: other

text: revenue

text: farms

text: He

text: was

text: appointed

text: Lieutenant

text: China

text: which

text: he

text: held

text: for

text: twenty

text: one

text: years

text: after

text: which

text: he

text: was

text: made

text: Captain

text: China

text: The

text: Dutch

text: Government

text: conferred

text: on

text: him

text: the

text: Gold

text: Star

text: for

text: Trouw

text: en

text: Verdienste

text: and

text: with

text: gold

text: medal

text: for

text: outstanding

text: contributions

text: to

text: them

text: Around

text: he

text: relinquished

text: management

text: of

text: his

text: business

text: interests

text: there

text: handing

text: them

text: over

text: to

text: the

text: management

text: of

text: his

text: attorney

text: Mr.

text: Leong

text: Mok

text: On

text: and

text: moved

text: to

text: Penang

text: where

text: he

text: lived

text: at

text: No

text: Leith

text: Street

text: He

text: was

text: appointed

text: Chinese

text: Vice

text: Consul

text: to

text: Penang

text: position

text: that

text: was

text: taken

text: up

text: by

text: his

text: son

text: in

text: law

text: Mr.

text: Leong

text: Fee

text: upon

text: his

text: resignation

text: He

text: had

text: interests

text: in

text: the

text: Tambun

text: mines

text: in

text: Perak

text: and

text: the

text: Bentong

text: mines

text: near

text: Kuala

text: Lumpur

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Penang

text: Chinese

text: Town

text: Hall

text: committee

text: He

text: married

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: the

text: Mayor

text: of

text: Pontianak

text: Mr.

text: Chong

text: Hi

text: Together

text: with

text: Cheong

text: Fatt

text: Tze

text: Leong

text: Fee

text: Zhang

text: Yao

text: Xuan

text: and

text: Foo

text: Choo

text: Choon

text: he

text: founded

text: the

text: Chung

text: Hua

text: School

text: or

text: the

text: first

text: modern

text: Chinese

text: school

text: in

text: Malaya

text: teaching

text: in

text: Mandarin

text: Cheah

text: Choon

text: Seng

text: died

text: on

text: February

text: The Deli Bank was the first Chinese bank in Indonesia. It was founded in Medan, Indonesia, in 1907 by the Tjong brothers, Tjong A Fie, (1860-1921) and Tjong Yong Hian (1850-1911), Mandarin capitalists from Mei Hsien, Guangdong, China, who had come over originally to recruit and supply Chinese coolies for plantation workers. Also involved at this time were Cheong Fatt Tze who had entered the region from China, through Indonesia where he built his fortune but who was by that time, Vice-Consul for China, in Penang. Hsieh Yung-kuan was the fourth founding director of the bank.

text: The

text: Deli

text: Bank

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: Chinese

text: bank

text: in

text: Indonesia

text: It

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: Medan

text: Indonesia

text: in

text: by

text: the

text: Tjong

text: brothers

text: Tjong

text: Fie

text: and

text: Tjong

text: Yong

text: Hian

text: Mandarin

text: capitalists

text: from

text: Mei

text: Hsien

text: Guangdong

text: China

text: who

text: had

text: come

text: over

text: originally

text: to

text: recruit

text: and

text: supply

text: Chinese

text: coolies

text: for

text: plantation

text: workers

text: Also

text: involved

text: at

text: this

text: time

text: were

text: Cheong

text: Fatt

text: Tze

text: who

text: had

text: entered

text: the

text: region

text: from

text: China

text: through

text: Indonesia

text: where

text: he

text: built

text: his

text: fortune

text: but

text: who

text: was

text: by

text: that

text: time

text: Vice

text: Consul

text: for

text: China

text: in

text: Penang

text: Hsieh

text: Yung

text: kuan

text: was

text: the

text: fourth

text: founding

text: director

text: of

text: the

text: bank

text: Leong Fee is the Hakka name for Liang Pi Joo (18571912), a worker from Guangdong Province in China who emigrated to Malaya in 1876. He arrived in Penang and, half a year later, moved to Perak where he began to make his fortune in tin. He was a tin miner, businessman, a visiting Justice for Kinta (1892), the first Chinese Member of the Federal Legislative Council (1909) a Penang state senator, a member of the Perak State Council, a Chinese Vice-Consul to Penang (1902 to 1908) and a philanthropist. He married the daughter of millionaire-philanthropist Hsieh Yung-kuan, the Chinese Vice-Consul to Penang before him. He was a member of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce.

text: Leong

text: Fee

text: is

text: the

text: Hakka

text: name

text: for

text: Liang

text: Pi

text: Joo

text: worker

text: from

text: Guangdong

text: Province

text: in

text: China

text: who

text: emigrated

text: to

text: Malaya

text: in

text: He

text: arrived

text: in

text: Penang

text: and

text: half

text: year

text: later

text: moved

text: to

text: Perak

text: where

text: he

text: began

text: to

text: make

text: his

text: fortune

text: in

text: tin

text: He

text: was

text: tin

text: miner

text: businessman

text: visiting

text: Justice

text: for

text: Kinta

text: the

text: first

text: Chinese

text: Member

text: of

text: the

text: Federal

text: Legislative

text: Council

text: Penang

text: state

text: senator

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Perak

text: State

text: Council

text: Chinese

text: Vice

text: Consul

text: to

text: Penang

text: to

text: and

text: philanthropist

text: He

text: married

text: the

text: daughter

text: of

text: millionaire

text: philanthropist

text: Hsieh

text: Yung

text: kuan

text: the

text: Chinese

text: Vice

text: Consul

text: to

text: Penang

text: before

text: him

text: He

text: was

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: Society

text: for

text: the

text: Encouragement

text: of

text: Arts

text: Manufactures

text: and

text: Commerce

text: Cheong Fatt Tze or Tjong Tjen Hsoen (1840  1916) was a Chinese businessman and politician. He was a powerful Nanyang industrialist and a first-class Mandarin in the Manchu government; he was made Consul-General in Singapore and economic advisor to the Empress Dowager.

text: Cheong

text: Fatt

text: Tze

text: or

text: Tjong

text: Tjen

text: Hsoen

text: was

text: Chinese

text: businessman

text: and

text: politician

text: He

text: was

text: powerful

text: Nanyang

text: industrialist

text: and

text: first

text: class

text: Mandarin

text: in

text: the

text: Manchu

text: government

text: he

text: was

text: made

text: Consul

text: General

text: in

text: Singapore

text: and

text: economic

text: advisor

text: to

text: the

text: Empress

text: Dowager

text: Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.

text: Indonesia

text: or

text: Indonesian

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: located

text: mainly

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: with

text: some

text: territories

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Situated

text: between

text: the

text: Indian

text: and

text: Pacific

text: oceans

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: island

text: country

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: seventeen

text: thousand

text: islands

text: At

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: combined

text: sea

text: and

text: land

text: area

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Austronesian

text: nation

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Muslim

text: majority

text: country

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: of

text: Java

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: The Penang Chinese Town Hall was established in 1881. Chung Keng Quee was the single largest individual donor towards the founding of the town hall and was a prominent president serving from 1881 to 1883.

text: The

text: Penang

text: Chinese

text: Town

text: Hall

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: Chung

text: Keng

text: Quee

text: was

text: the

text: single

text: largest

text: individual

text: donor

text: towards

text: the

text: founding

text: of

text: the

text: town

text: hall

text: and

text: was

text: prominent

text: president

text: serving

text: from

text: to

text: The United East Indian Company (or Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie in modern spelling; VOC), referred to by the British as the Dutch East India Company, was originally established as a chartered company in 1602, when the Dutch government granted it a 21-year monopoly on the Dutch spice trade. It is often considered to have been the first multinational corporation in the world, and it was the first company to issue stock. The largest and most valuable corporation in history, it possessed quasi-governmental powers, including the ability to wage war, imprison and execute convicts, negotiate treaties, strike its own coins, and establish colonies.

text: The

text: United

text: East

text: Indian

text: Company

text: or

text: Verenigde

text: Oostindische

text: Compagnie

text: in

text: modern

text: spelling

text: VOC

text: referred

text: to

text: by

text: the

text: British

text: as

text: the

text: Dutch

text: East

text: India

text: Company

text: was

text: originally

text: established

text: as

text: chartered

text: company

text: in

text: when

text: the

text: Dutch

text: government

text: granted

text: it

text: monopoly

text: on

text: the

text: Dutch

text: spice

text: trade

text: It

text: is

text: often

text: considered

text: to

text: have

text: been

text: the

text: first

text: multinational

text: corporation

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: it

text: was

text: the

text: first

text: company

text: to

text: issue

text: stock

text: The

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: valuable

text: corporation

text: in

text: history

text: it

text: possessed

text: quasi

text: governmental

text: powers

text: including

text: the

text: ability

text: to

text: wage

text: war

text: imprison

text: and

text: execute

text: convicts

text: negotiate

text: treaties

text: strike

text: its

text: own

text: coins

text: and

text: establish

text: colonies

text: Penang is a Malaysian state located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia, by the Strait of Malacca. It has two parts: Penang Island, where the capital city, George Town, is located, and Seberang Perai (formerly "Province Wellesley"), on the Malay Peninsula. Penang is bordered by Kedah to the north and the east and Perak to the south.

text: Penang

text: is

text: Malaysian

text: state

text: located

text: on

text: the

text: northwest

text: coast

text: of

text: Peninsular

text: Malaysia

text: by

text: the

text: Strait

text: of

text: Malacca

text: It

text: has

text: two

text: parts

text: Penang

text: Island

text: where

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: George

text: Town

text: is

text: located

text: and

text: Seberang

text: Perai

text: formerly

text: Province

text: Wellesley

text: on

text: the

text: Malay

text: Peninsula

text: Penang

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Kedah

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Perak

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, and often referred to as the "Lion City" or the "Little Red Dot", is a sovereign city-state in Southeast Asia, and the world's only island city-state. It lies one degree (137 km) north of the equator, south of the southernmost tip of continental Asia and peninsular Malaysia, with Indonesia's Riau Islands to the south. Singapore's territory consists of a diamond-shaped main island along with 62 other islets. Since independence, extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23% (130 km), and its greening policy has covered the densely populated island with tropical flora, parks and gardens.

text: Singapore

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Singapore

text: and

text: often

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Lion

text: City

text: or

text: the

text: Little

text: Red

text: Dot

text: is

text: sovereign

text: city

text: state

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: and

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: only

text: island

text: city

text: state

text: It

text: lies

text: one

text: degree

text: km

text: north

text: of

text: the

text: equator

text: south

text: of

text: the

text: southernmost

text: tip

text: of

text: continental

text: Asia

text: and

text: peninsular

text: Malaysia

text: with

text: Indonesia

text: 's

text: Riau

text: Islands

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Singapore

text: 's

text: territory

text: consists

text: of

text: diamond

text: shaped

text: main

text: island

text: along

text: with

text: other

text: islets

text: Since

text: independence

text: extensive

text: land

text: reclamation

text: has

text: increased

text: its

text: total

text: size

text: by

text: km

text: and

text: its

text: greening

text: policy

text: has

text: covered

text: the

text: densely

text: populated

text: island

text: with

text: tropical

text: flora

text: parks

text: and

text: gardens

annotations: follows multiple

annotations: likely multiple

question: country_of_citizenship hsieh yung-kuan

answer: malaysia

text: malaysia

text: malaysia

text: malaysia

text: malaysia


text: Imo is one of the 36 states of Nigeria and lies in the South East of Nigeria with Owerri as its capital and largest city. Located in the south-eastern region of Nigeria, it occupies the area between the lower River Niger and the upper and middle Imo River.

text: Imo

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: and

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: South

text: East

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: with

text: Owerri

text: as

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: Located

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: eastern

text: region

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: it

text: occupies

text: the

text: area

text: between

text: the

text: lower

text: River

text: Niger

text: and

text: the

text: upper

text: and

text: middle

text: Imo

text: River

text: Abia is a state in the south eastern part of Nigeria. The capital is Umuahia and the major commercial city is Aba. The commercial hub, Aba was formerly a British colonial government outpost in the region. Abia state was created in 1991 from part of Imo State. It is one of the constituent states of the Niger Delta region.

text: Abia

text: is

text: state

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: eastern

text: part

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: The

text: capital

text: is

text: Umuahia

text: and

text: the

text: major

text: commercial

text: city

text: is

text: Aba

text: The

text: commercial

text: hub

text: Aba

text: was

text: formerly

text: British

text: colonial

text: government

text: outpost

text: in

text: the

text: region

text: Abia

text: state

text: was

text: created

text: in

text: from

text: part

text: of

text: Imo

text: State

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: constituent

text: states

text: of

text: the

text: Niger

text: Delta

text: region

text: The Federal Republic of Nigeria , commonly referred to as Nigeria, is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. It comprises 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where the capital, Abuja is located. Its largest cities include: Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, Benin City and Port Harcourt. Nigeria is officially a democratic secular country.

text: The

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: of

text: Nigeria

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: West

text: Africa

text: bordering

text: Benin

text: in

text: the

text: west

text: Chad

text: and

text: Cameroon

text: in

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: Niger

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: Its

text: coast

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: lies

text: on

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Guinea

text: in

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: It

text: comprises

text: states

text: and

text: the

text: Federal

text: Capital

text: Territory

text: where

text: the

text: capital

text: Abuja

text: is

text: located

text: Its

text: largest

text: cities

text: include

text: Lagos

text: Kano

text: Ibadan

text: Benin

text: City

text: and

text: Port

text: Harcourt

text: Nigeria

text: is

text: officially

text: democratic

text: secular

text: country

text: Air Vice Marshal ( rtd ) Frank O. Ajobena , CON was the military administrator of Abia State from 28 August 1991 until January 1992 . When Felix Mujakperuo was chosen as Orodje of Okpe Kingdom in 2004 , Ajobena filed suit in favor of his own claim to the throne . Ajobena 's suit was dismissed , and Mujakperuo was installed as Orhue I , Orodje of Okpe on July 29 , 2006 .

text: Air

text: Vice

text: Marshal

text: rtd

text: Frank

text: Ajobena

text: CON

text: was

text: the

text: military

text: administrator

text: of

text: Abia

text: State

text: from

text: August

text: until

text: January

text: When

text: Felix

text: Mujakperuo

text: was

text: chosen

text: as

text: Orodje

text: of

text: Okpe

text: Kingdom

text: in

text: Ajobena

text: filed

text: suit

text: in

text: favor

text: of

text: his

text: own

text: claim

text: to

text: the

text: throne

text: Ajobena

text: 's

text: suit

text: was

text: dismissed

text: and

text: Mujakperuo

text: was

text: installed

text: as

text: Orhue

text: Orodje

text: of

text: Okpe

text: on

text: July

text: Umuahia (pronounced ) is the capital city of Abia State in southeastern Nigeria. Umuahia is located along the rail road that lies between Port Harcourt to Umuahia's south and Enugu city to its north. Umuahia has a population of 359,230 according to the 2006 Nigerian census. Umuahia's indigenous ethnic group are the Igbo.

text: Umuahia

text: pronounced

text: is

text: the

text: capital

text: city

text: of

text: Abia

text: State

text: in

text: southeastern

text: Nigeria

text: Umuahia

text: is

text: located

text: along

text: the

text: rail

text: road

text: that

text: lies

text: between

text: Port

text: Harcourt

text: to

text: Umuahia

text: 's

text: south

text: and

text: Enugu

text: city

text: to

text: its

text: north

text: Umuahia

text: has

text: population

text: of

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: Nigerian

text: census

text: Umuahia

text: 's

text: indigenous

text: ethnic

text: group

text: are

text: the

text: Igbo

text: The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria. It is typically considered to be located within nine coastal southern Nigerian states, which include: all six states from the South South geopolitical zone, one state (Ondo) from South West geopolitical zone and two states (Abia and Imo) from South East geopolitical zone. Of all the states that the region covers, only Cross River is not an oil-producing state.

text: The

text: Niger

text: Delta

text: is

text: the

text: delta

text: of

text: the

text: Niger

text: River

text: sitting

text: directly

text: on

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Guinea

text: on

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: in

text: Nigeria

text: It

text: is

text: typically

text: considered

text: to

text: be

text: located

text: within

text: nine

text: coastal

text: southern

text: Nigerian

text: states

text: which

text: include

text: all

text: six

text: states

text: from

text: the

text: South

text: South

text: geopolitical

text: zone

text: one

text: state

text: Ondo

text: from

text: South

text: West

text: geopolitical

text: zone

text: and

text: two

text: states

text: Abia

text: and

text: Imo

text: from

text: South

text: East

text: geopolitical

text: zone

text: Of

text: all

text: the

text: states

text: that

text: the

text: region

text: covers

text: only

text: Cross

text: River

text: is

text: not

text: an

text: oil

text: producing

text: state

question: country_of_citizenship frank ajobena

answer: nigeria

text: nigeria

text: nigeria

text: nigeria

text: nigeria

text: nigeria

text: nigeria

text: nigeria

text: nigeria

text: nigeria


text: Featurette is a term used in the American film industry to designate a film usually of three reels in length, or about 2440 minutes in running time, thus longer than a two-reel short subject but shorter than a feature film. Hence, it is a "small feature" (the ending "-ette" is a common diminutive suffix derived from French). The term was commonly used from before the start of the sound era into the 1960s, when films of such length as the Hal Roach's Streamlinersand several French films of that lengthceased being made, or were made as experimental or art films and subsumed under the more general rubric of short. Its use outside the USA is unknown, although it was as commonly applied to foreign imports as to domestic productions within that country.

text: Featurette

text: is

text: term

text: used

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: film

text: industry

text: to

text: designate

text: film

text: usually

text: of

text: three

text: reels

text: in

text: length

text: or

text: about

text: minutes

text: in

text: running

text: time

text: thus

text: longer

text: than

text: two

text: reel

text: short

text: subject

text: but

text: shorter

text: than

text: feature

text: film

text: Hence

text: it

text: is

text: small

text: feature

text: the

text: ending

text: -ette

text: is

text: common

text: diminutive

text: suffix

text: derived

text: from

text: French

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: commonly

text: used

text: from

text: before

text: the

text: start

text: of

text: the

text: sound

text: era

text: into

text: the

text: when

text: films

text: of

text: such

text: length

text: as

text: the

text: Hal

text: Roach

text: 's

text: Streamlinersand

text: several

text: French

text: films

text: of

text: that

text: lengthceased

text: being

text: made

text: or

text: were

text: made

text: as

text: experimental

text: or

text: art

text: films

text: and

text: subsumed

text: under

text: the

text: more

text: general

text: rubric

text: of

text: short

text: Its

text: use

text: outside

text: the

text: USA

text: is

text: unknown

text: although

text: it

text: was

text: as

text: commonly

text: applied

text: to

text: foreign

text: imports

text: as

text: to

text: domestic

text: productions

text: within

text: that

text: country

text: Laurel and Hardy were a comedy double act during the early Classical Hollywood era of American cinema. The team was composed of thin Englishman Stan Laurel (18901965) and heavyset American Oliver Hardy (18921957). They became well known during the late 1920s through the mid-1940s for their slapstick comedy, with Laurel playing the clumsy and childlike friend of the pompous Hardy. The duo's signature tune is known variously as "The Cuckoo Song", "Ku-Ku", or "The Dance of the Cuckoos". It was played over the opening credits of their films and has become as emblematic of the duo as their bowler hats.

text: Laurel

text: and

text: Hardy

text: were

text: comedy

text: double

text: act

text: during

text: the

text: early

text: Classical

text: Hollywood

text: era

text: of

text: American

text: cinema

text: The

text: team

text: was

text: composed

text: of

text: thin

text: Englishman

text: Stan

text: Laurel

text: and

text: heavyset

text: American

text: Oliver

text: Hardy

text: They

text: became

text: well

text: known

text: during

text: the

text: late

text: through

text: the

text: for

text: their

text: slapstick

text: comedy

text: with

text: Laurel

text: playing

text: the

text: clumsy

text: and

text: childlike

text: friend

text: of

text: the

text: pompous

text: Hardy

text: The

text: duo

text: 's

text: signature

text: tune

text: is

text: known

text: variously

text: as

text: The

text: Cuckoo

text: Song

text: Ku

text: Ku

text: or

text: The

text: Dance

text: of

text: the

text: Cuckoos

text: It

text: was

text: played

text: over

text: the

text: opening

text: credits

text: of

text: their

text: films

text: and

text: has

text: become

text: as

text: emblematic

text: of

text: the

text: duo

text: as

text: their

text: bowler

text: hats

text: Stan Laurel (born Arthur Stanley Jefferson; 16 June 1890  23 February 1965) was an English comic actor, writer, and film director, most famous for his role in the comedy duo Laurel and Hardy. He appeared with his comedy partner Oliver Hardy in 107 short films, feature films, and cameo roles.

text: Stan

text: Laurel

text: born

text: Arthur

text: Stanley

text: Jefferson

text: June

text: February

text: was

text: an

text: English

text: comic

text: actor

text: writer

text: and

text: film

text: director

text: most

text: famous

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: comedy

text: duo

text: Laurel

text: and

text: Hardy

text: He

text: appeared

text: with

text: his

text: comedy

text: partner

text: Oliver

text: Hardy

text: in

text: short

text: films

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: cameo

text: roles

text: Oliver Norvell "Babe" Hardy (born Norvell Hardy; January 18, 1892  August 7, 1957) was an American comic actor famous as one-half of Laurel and Hardy, the classic double act that began in the era of silent films and lasted 25 years, from 1927 to 1951. He appeared with his comedy partner Stan Laurel in 107 short films, feature films, and cameo roles. He was credited with his first film, "Outwitting Dad", in 1914. In some of his early works, he was billed as "Babe Hardy", using his nickname.

text: Oliver

text: Norvell

text: Babe

text: Hardy

text: born

text: Norvell

text: Hardy

text: January

text: August

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: comic

text: actor

text: famous

text: as

text: one

text: half

text: of

text: Laurel

text: and

text: Hardy

text: the

text: classic

text: double

text: act

text: that

text: began

text: in

text: the

text: era

text: of

text: silent

text: films

text: and

text: lasted

text: years

text: from

text: to

text: He

text: appeared

text: with

text: his

text: comedy

text: partner

text: Stan

text: Laurel

text: in

text: short

text: films

text: feature

text: films

text: and

text: cameo

text: roles

text: He

text: was

text: credited

text: with

text: his

text: first

text: film

text: Outwitting

text: Dad

text: in

text: In

text: some

text: of

text: his

text: early

text: works

text: he

text: was

text: billed

text: as

text: Babe

text: Hardy

text: using

text: his

text: nickname

text: Slapstick is a style of humor involving exaggerated physical activity which exceeds the boundaries of normal physical comedy. The term arises from a device developed during the broad, physical comedy style known as Commedia dell'arte in 16th Century Italy. The 'slap stick' consists of two thin slats of wood made from splitting a single long stick, which make a 'slap' when striking another actor, with little force needed to make a loud - and comical - sound.

text: Slapstick

text: is

text: style

text: of

text: humor

text: involving

text: exaggerated

text: physical

text: activity

text: which

text: exceeds

text: the

text: boundaries

text: of

text: normal

text: physical

text: comedy

text: The

text: term

text: arises

text: from

text: device

text: developed

text: during

text: the

text: broad

text: physical

text: comedy

text: style

text: known

text: as

text: Commedia

text: dell'arte

text: in

text: Century

text: Italy

text: The

text: slap

text: stick

text: consists

text: of

text: two

text: thin

text: slats

text: of

text: wood

text: made

text: from

text: splitting

text: single

text: long

text: stick

text: which

text: make

text: slap

text: when

text: striking

text: another

text: actor

text: with

text: little

text: force

text: needed

text: to

text: make

text: loud

text: and

text: comical

text: sound

text: Love ' em and Weep is a silent comedy short film starring Mae Busch , Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy prior to their official billing as the duo Laurel and Hardy . The team appeared in a total of 107 films between 1921 and 1951 .

text: Love

text: em

text: and

text: Weep

text: is

text: silent

text: comedy

text: short

text: film

text: starring

text: Mae

text: Busch

text: Stan

text: Laurel

text: and

text: Oliver

text: Hardy

text: prior

text: to

text: their

text: official

text: billing

text: as

text: the

text: duo

text: Laurel

text: and

text: Hardy

text: The

text: team

text: appeared

text: in

text: total

text: of

text: films

text: between

text: and

text: A double act, also known as a comedy duo, is a comic pairing in which humor is derived from the uneven relationship between two partners, usually of the same gender, age, ethnic origin and profession but drastically different in terms of personality or behavior. Often one of the members of the duothe straight man, feed, dead wood, or stoogeis portrayed as reasonable and serious, while the other onethe funny man, banana man or comicis portrayed as funny, less educated or less intelligent, silly, or unorthodox. If the audience identifies primarily with one character, the other will often be referred to as a comic foil. The term "feed" comes from the way a straight man is wont to set up jokes and "feed" them to his partner.

text: double

text: act

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: comedy

text: duo

text: is

text: comic

text: pairing

text: in

text: which

text: humor

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: uneven

text: relationship

text: between

text: two

text: partners

text: usually

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: gender

text: age

text: ethnic

text: origin

text: and

text: profession

text: but

text: drastically

text: different

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: personality

text: or

text: behavior

text: Often

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: duothe

text: straight

text: man

text: feed

text: dead

text: wood

text: or

text: stoogeis

text: portrayed

text: as

text: reasonable

text: and

text: serious

text: while

text: the

text: other

text: onethe

text: funny

text: man

text: banana

text: man

text: or

text: comicis

text: portrayed

text: as

text: funny

text: less

text: educated

text: or

text: less

text: intelligent

text: silly

text: or

text: unorthodox

text: If

text: the

text: audience

text: identifies

text: primarily

text: with

text: one

text: character

text: the

text: other

text: will

text: often

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: comic

text: foil

text: The

text: term

text: feed

text: comes

text: from

text: the

text: way

text: straight

text: man

text: is

text: wo

text: nt

text: to

text: set

text: up

text: jokes

text: and

text: feed

text: them

text: to

text: his

text: partner

text: A short film is any film not long enough to be considered a feature film. Although no consensus exists as to where that boundary is drawn, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as "an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits". The term featurette originally applied to a film longer than a short subject, but shorter than a standard feature film.

text: short

text: film

text: is

text: any

text: film

text: not

text: long

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: feature

text: film

text: Although

text: no

text: consensus

text: exists

text: as

text: to

text: where

text: that

text: boundary

text: is

text: drawn

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: defines

text: short

text: film

text: as

text: an

text: original

text: motion

text: picture

text: that

text: has

text: running

text: time

text: of

text: minutes

text: or

text: less

text: including

text: all

text: credits

text: The

text: term

text: featurette

text: originally

text: applied

text: to

text: film

text: longer

text: than

text: short

text: subject

text: but

text: shorter

text: than

text: standard

text: feature

text: film

text: A feature film is a film (also called a movie, motion picture or just film) with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole film to fill a program. The notion of how long this should be has varied according to time and place. According to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the American Film Institute, and the British Film Institute, a feature film runs for 40 minutes or longer, while the Screen Actors Guild states that it is 80 minutes or longer.

text: feature

text: film

text: is

text: film

text: also

text: called

text: movie

text: motion

text: picture

text: or

text: just

text: film

text: with

text: running

text: time

text: long

text: enough

text: to

text: be

text: considered

text: the

text: principal

text: or

text: sole

text: film

text: to

text: fill

text: program

text: The

text: notion

text: of

text: how

text: long

text: this

text: should

text: be

text: has

text: varied

text: according

text: to

text: time

text: and

text: place

text: According

text: to

text: the

text: Academy

text: of

text: Motion

text: Picture

text: Arts

text: and

text: Sciences

text: the

text: American

text: Film

text: Institute

text: and

text: the

text: British

text: Film

text: Institute

text: feature

text: film

text: runs

text: for

text: minutes

text: or

text: longer

text: while

text: the

text: Screen

text: Actors

text: Guild

text: states

text: that

text: it

text: is

text: minutes

text: or

text: longer

question: producer love 'em and weep

answer: hal roach

text: hal roach