text: A reciprocating compressor or piston compressor is a positive-displacement compressor that uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to deliver gases at high pressure.

text: reciprocating

text: compressor

text: or

text: piston

text: compressor

text: is

text: positive

text: displacement

text: compressor

text: that

text: uses

text: pistons

text: driven

text: by

text: crankshaft

text: to

text: deliver

text: gases

text: at

text: high

text: pressure

text: A piston ring is a split ring that fits into a groove on the outer diameter of a piston in a reciprocating engine such as an internal combustion engine or steam engine.

text: piston

text: ring

text: is

text: split

text: ring

text: that

text: fits

text: into

text: groove

text: on

text: the

text: outer

text: diameter

text: of

text: piston

text: in

text: reciprocating

text: engine

text: such

text: as

text: an

text: internal

text: combustion

text: engine

text: or

text: steam

text: engine

text: A gas compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. An air compressor is a specific type of gas compressor.

text: gas

text: compressor

text: is

text: mechanical

text: device

text: that

text: increases

text: the

text: pressure

text: of

text: gas

text: by

text: reducing

text: its

text: volume

text: An

text: air

text: compressor

text: is

text: specific

text: type

text: of

text: gas

text: compressor

text: FLUID (Fast Light User Interface Designer) is a graphical editor and GUI builder that is used to produce FLTK source code. FLUID edits and saves its state in text .fl files, which can be edited in a text editor for finer control over display and behavior.

text: FLUID

text: Fast

text: Light

text: User

text: Interface

text: Designer

text: is

text: graphical

text: editor

text: and

text: GUI

text: builder

text: that

text: is

text: used

text: to

text: produce

text: FLTK

text: source

text: code

text: FLUID

text: edits

text: and

text: saves

text: its

text: state

text: in

text: text

text: .fl

text: files

text: which

text: can

text: be

text: edited

text: in

text: text

text: editor

text: for

text: finer

text: control

text: over

text: display

text: and

text: behavior

text: In a reciprocating engine, the crankpins, also known as crank journals are the journals of the big end bearings, at the ends of the connecting rods opposite to the pistons.

text: In

text: reciprocating

text: engine

text: the

text: crankpins

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: crank

text: journals

text: are

text: the

text: journals

text: of

text: the

text: big

text: end

text: bearings

text: at

text: the

text: ends

text: of

text: the

text: connecting

text: rods

text: opposite

text: to

text: the

text: pistons

text: In a piston engine, a piston rod joins a piston to the crosshead and thus to the connecting rod that drives the crankshaft or (for steam locomotives) the driving wheels.

text: In

text: piston

text: engine

text: piston

text: rod

text: joins

text: piston

text: to

text: the

text: crosshead

text: and

text: thus

text: to

text: the

text: connecting

text: rod

text: that

text: drives

text: the

text: crankshaft

text: or

text: for

text: steam

text: locomotives

text: the

text: driving

text: wheels

text: A two - stroke , or two - cycle , engine is a type of internal combustion engine which completes a power cycle with two strokes ( up and down movements ) of the piston during only one crankshaft revolution . This is in contrast to a `` four - stroke engine '' , which requires four strokes of the piston to complete a power cycle . In a two - stroke engine , the end of the combustion stroke and the beginning of the compression stroke happen simultaneously , with the intake and exhaust ( or scavenging ) functions occurring at the same time . Two - stroke engines often have a high power - to - weight ratio , usually in a narrow range of rotational speeds called the `` power band '' . Compared to four - stroke engines , two - stroke engines have a greatly reduced number of moving parts , and so can be more compact and significantly lighter . The first commercial two - stroke engine involving in - cylinder compression is attributed to Scottish engineer Dugald Clerk , who patented his design in 1881 . However , unlike most later two - stroke engines , his had a separate charging cylinder . The crankcase - scavenged engine , employing the area below the piston as a charging pump , is generally credited to Englishman Joseph Day . The first truly practical two - stroke engine is attributed to Yorkshireman Alfred Angas Scott , who started producing twin - cylinder water - cooled motorcycles in 1908 . Gasoline ( spark ignition ) versions are particularly useful in lightweight or portable applications such as chainsaws and motorcycles . Despite that , they are also used in diesel compression ignition engines operating in large , weight - insensitive applications , such as marine propulsion , railway locomotives and electricity generation . In a two - stroke engine , the heat transfer from the engine to the cooling system is less than in a four - stroke , which means that two - stroke engines can be more efficient . However , crankcase - compression two - stroke engines , such as the common small gasoline - powered engines , create more exhaust emissions than four - stroke engines because their petroil lubrication mixture is also burned in the engine , due to the engine 's total - loss oiling system .

text: two

text: stroke

text: or

text: two

text: cycle

text: engine

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: internal

text: combustion

text: engine

text: which

text: completes

text: power

text: cycle

text: with

text: two

text: strokes

text: up

text: and

text: down

text: movements

text: of

text: the

text: piston

text: during

text: only

text: one

text: crankshaft

text: revolution

text: This

text: is

text: in

text: contrast

text: to

text: four

text: stroke

text: engine

text: which

text: requires

text: four

text: strokes

text: of

text: the

text: piston

text: to

text: complete

text: power

text: cycle

text: In

text: two

text: stroke

text: engine

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: combustion

text: stroke

text: and

text: the

text: beginning

text: of

text: the

text: compression

text: stroke

text: happen

text: simultaneously

text: with

text: the

text: intake

text: and

text: exhaust

text: or

text: scavenging

text: functions

text: occurring

text: at

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: Two

text: stroke

text: engines

text: often

text: have

text: high

text: power

text: to

text: weight

text: ratio

text: usually

text: in

text: narrow

text: range

text: of

text: rotational

text: speeds

text: called

text: the

text: power

text: band

text: Compared

text: to

text: four

text: stroke

text: engines

text: two

text: stroke

text: engines

text: have

text: greatly

text: reduced

text: number

text: of

text: moving

text: parts

text: and

text: so

text: can

text: be

text: more

text: compact

text: and

text: significantly

text: lighter

text: The

text: first

text: commercial

text: two

text: stroke

text: engine

text: involving

text: in

text: cylinder

text: compression

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: Scottish

text: engineer

text: Dugald

text: Clerk

text: who

text: patented

text: his

text: design

text: in

text: However

text: unlike

text: most

text: later

text: two

text: stroke

text: engines

text: his

text: had

text: separate

text: charging

text: cylinder

text: The

text: crankcase

text: scavenged

text: engine

text: employing

text: the

text: area

text: below

text: the

text: piston

text: as

text: charging

text: pump

text: is

text: generally

text: credited

text: to

text: Englishman

text: Joseph

text: Day

text: The

text: first

text: truly

text: practical

text: two

text: stroke

text: engine

text: is

text: attributed

text: to

text: Yorkshireman

text: Alfred

text: Angas

text: Scott

text: who

text: started

text: producing

text: twin

text: cylinder

text: water

text: cooled

text: motorcycles

text: in

text: Gasoline

text: spark

text: ignition

text: versions

text: are

text: particularly

text: useful

text: in

text: lightweight

text: or

text: portable

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: chainsaws

text: and

text: motorcycles

text: Despite

text: that

text: they

text: are

text: also

text: used

text: in

text: diesel

text: compression

text: ignition

text: engines

text: operating

text: in

text: large

text: weight

text: insensitive

text: applications

text: such

text: as

text: marine

text: propulsion

text: railway

text: locomotives

text: and

text: electricity

text: generation

text: In

text: two

text: stroke

text: engine

text: the

text: heat

text: transfer

text: from

text: the

text: engine

text: to

text: the

text: cooling

text: system

text: is

text: less

text: than

text: in

text: four

text: stroke

text: which

text: means

text: that

text: two

text: stroke

text: engines

text: can

text: be

text: more

text: efficient

text: However

text: crankcase

text: compression

text: two

text: stroke

text: engines

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: common

text: small

text: gasoline

text: powered

text: engines

text: create

text: more

text: exhaust

text: emissions

text: than

text: four

text: stroke

text: engines

text: because

text: their

text: petroil

text: lubrication

text: mixture

text: is

text: also

text: burned

text: in

text: the

text: engine

text: due

text: to

text: the

text: engine

text: 's

text: total

text: loss

text: oiling

text: system

text: Pneumatic cylinder(s) (sometimes known as air cylinders) are mechanical devices which use the power of compressed gas to produce a force in a reciprocating linear motion.

text: Pneumatic

text: cylinder(s

text: sometimes

text: known

text: as

text: air

text: cylinders

text: are

text: mechanical

text: devices

text: which

text: use

text: the

text: power

text: of

text: compressed

text: gas

text: to

text: produce

text: force

text: in

text: reciprocating

text: linear

text: motion

text: A valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways. Valves are technically fittings, but are usually discussed as a separate category. In an open valve, fluid flows in a direction from higher pressure to lower pressure. The word is derived from the Latin "valva", the moving part of a door, in turn from "volvere", to turn, roll.

text: valve

text: is

text: device

text: that

text: regulates

text: directs

text: or

text: controls

text: the

text: flow

text: of

text: fluid

text: gases

text: liquids

text: fluidized

text: solids

text: or

text: slurries

text: by

text: opening

text: closing

text: or

text: partially

text: obstructing

text: various

text: passageways

text: Valves

text: are

text: technically

text: fittings

text: but

text: are

text: usually

text: discussed

text: as

text: separate

text: category

text: In

text: an

text: open

text: valve

text: fluid

text: flows

text: in

text: direction

text: from

text: higher

text: pressure

text: to

text: lower

text: pressure

text: The

text: word

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: Latin

text: valva

text: the

text: moving

text: part

text: of

text: door

text: in

text: turn

text: from

text: volvere

text: to

text: turn

text: roll

text: A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms. It is the moving component that is contained by a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. In an engine, its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In a pump, the function is reversed and force is transferred from the crankshaft to the piston for the purpose of compressing or ejecting the fluid in the cylinder. In some engines, the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder wall. The petrol enters inside the cylinder and the piston moves upwards and the spark plug produces spark and the petrol is set on fire and it produces an energy that pushes the piston downwards.

text: piston

text: is

text: component

text: of

text: reciprocating

text: engines

text: reciprocating

text: pumps

text: gas

text: compressors

text: and

text: pneumatic

text: cylinders

text: among

text: other

text: similar

text: mechanisms

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: moving

text: component

text: that

text: is

text: contained

text: by

text: cylinder

text: and

text: is

text: made

text: gas

text: tight

text: by

text: piston

text: rings

text: In

text: an

text: engine

text: its

text: purpose

text: is

text: to

text: transfer

text: force

text: from

text: expanding

text: gas

text: in

text: the

text: cylinder

text: to

text: the

text: crankshaft

text: via

text: piston

text: rod

text: and/or

text: connecting

text: rod

text: In

text: pump

text: the

text: function

text: is

text: reversed

text: and

text: force

text: is

text: transferred

text: from

text: the

text: crankshaft

text: to

text: the

text: piston

text: for

text: the

text: purpose

text: of

text: compressing

text: or

text: ejecting

text: the

text: fluid

text: in

text: the

text: cylinder

text: In

text: some

text: engines

text: the

text: piston

text: also

text: acts

text: as

text: valve

text: by

text: covering

text: and

text: uncovering

text: ports

text: in

text: the

text: cylinder

text: wall

text: The

text: petrol

text: enters

text: inside

text: the

text: cylinder

text: and

text: the

text: piston

text: moves

text: upwards

text: and

text: the

text: spark

text: plug

text: produces

text: spark

text: and

text: the

text: petrol

text: is

text: set

text: on

text: fire

text: and

text: it

text: produces

text: an

text: energy

text: that

text: pushes

text: the

text: piston

text: downwards

text: A four-stroke engine (also known as four cycle) is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning a crankshaft. A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along the cylinder, in either direction. The four separate strokes are termed:

text: four

text: stroke

text: engine

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: four

text: cycle

text: is

text: an

text: internal

text: combustion

text: IC

text: engine

text: in

text: which

text: the

text: piston

text: completes

text: four

text: separate

text: strokes

text: while

text: turning

text: crankshaft

text: stroke

text: refers

text: to

text: the

text: full

text: travel

text: of

text: the

text: piston

text: along

text: the

text: cylinder

text: in

text: either

text: direction

text: The

text: four

text: separate

text: strokes

text: are

text: termed

text: In a reciprocating piston engine, the connecting rod or conrod connects the piston to the crank or crankshaft. Together with the crank, they form a simple mechanism that converts reciprocating motion into rotating motion.

text: In

text: reciprocating

text: piston

text: engine

text: the

text: connecting

text: rod

text: or

text: conrod

text: connects

text: the

text: piston

text: to

text: the

text: crank

text: or

text: crankshaft

text: Together

text: with

text: the

text: crank

text: they

text: form

text: simple

text: mechanism

text: that

text: converts

text: reciprocating

text: motion

text: into

text: rotating

text: motion

text: Reciprocating motion, also called reciprocation, is a repetitive up-and-down or back-and-forth linear motion. It is found in a wide range of mechanisms, including reciprocating engines and pumps. The two opposite motions that comprise a single reciprocation cycle are called strokes.

text: Reciprocating

text: motion

text: also

text: called

text: reciprocation

text: is

text: repetitive

text: up

text: and

text: down

text: or

text: back

text: and

text: forth

text: linear

text: motion

text: It

text: is

text: found

text: in

text: wide

text: range

text: of

text: mechanisms

text: including

text: reciprocating

text: engines

text: and

text: pumps

text: The

text: two

text: opposite

text: motions

text: that

text: comprise

text: single

text: reciprocation

text: cycle

text: are

text: called

text: strokes

text: A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: "direct lift", "displacement", and "gravity" pumps.

text: pump

text: is

text: device

text: that

text: moves

text: fluids

text: liquids

text: or

text: gases

text: or

text: sometimes

text: slurries

text: by

text: mechanical

text: action

text: Pumps

text: can

text: be

text: classified

text: into

text: three

text: major

text: groups

text: according

text: to

text: the

text: method

text: they

text: use

text: to

text: move

text: the

text: fluid

text: direct

text: lift

text: displacement

text: and

text: gravity

text: pumps

text: A crankshaftrelated to "crank"is a mechanical part able to perform a conversion between reciprocating motion and rotational motion. In a reciprocating engine, it translates reciprocating motion of the piston into rotational motion; whereas in a reciprocating compressor, it converts the rotational motion into reciprocating motion. In order to do the conversion between two motions, the crankshaft has "crank throws" or "crankpins", additional bearing surfaces whose axis is offset from that of the crank, to which the "big ends" of the connecting rods from each cylinder attach.

text: crankshaftrelated

text: to

text: crank"is

text: mechanical

text: part

text: able

text: to

text: perform

text: conversion

text: between

text: reciprocating

text: motion

text: and

text: rotational

text: motion

text: In

text: reciprocating

text: engine

text: it

text: translates

text: reciprocating

text: motion

text: of

text: the

text: piston

text: into

text: rotational

text: motion

text: whereas

text: in

text: reciprocating

text: compressor

text: it

text: converts

text: the

text: rotational

text: motion

text: into

text: reciprocating

text: motion

text: In

text: order

text: to

text: do

text: the

text: conversion

text: between

text: two

text: motions

text: the

text: crankshaft

text: has

text: crank

text: throws

text: or

text: crankpins

text: additional

text: bearing

text: surfaces

text: whose

text: axis

text: is

text: offset

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: the

text: crank

text: to

text: which

text: the

text: big

text: ends

text: of

text: the

text: connecting

text: rods

text: from

text: each

text: cylinder

text: attach

text: Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma). A pure gas may be made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon), elemental molecules made from one type of atom (e.g. oxygen), or compound molecules made from a variety of atoms (e.g. carbon dioxide). A gas mixture would contain a variety of pure gases much like the air. What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles. This separation usually makes a colorless gas invisible to the human observer. The interaction of gas particles in the presence of electric and gravitational fields are considered negligible as indicated by the constant velocity vectors in the image. One type of commonly known gas is steam.

text: Gas

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: four

text: fundamental

text: states

text: of

text: matter

text: the

text: others

text: being

text: solid

text: liquid

text: and

text: plasma

text: pure

text: gas

text: may

text: be

text: made

text: up

text: of

text: individual

text: atoms

text: e.g.

text: noble

text: gas

text: like

text: neon

text: elemental

text: molecules

text: made

text: from

text: one

text: type

text: of

text: atom

text: e.g.

text: oxygen

text: or

text: compound

text: molecules

text: made

text: from

text: variety

text: of

text: atoms

text: e.g.

text: carbon

text: dioxide

text: gas

text: mixture

text: would

text: contain

text: variety

text: of

text: pure

text: gases

text: much

text: like

text: the

text: air

text: What

text: distinguishes

text: gas

text: from

text: liquids

text: and

text: solids

text: is

text: the

text: vast

text: separation

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: gas

text: particles

text: This

text: separation

text: usually

text: makes

text: colorless

text: gas

text: invisible

text: to

text: the

text: human

text: observer

text: The

text: interaction

text: of

text: gas

text: particles

text: in

text: the

text: presence

text: of

text: electric

text: and

text: gravitational

text: fields

text: are

text: considered

text: negligible

text: as

text: indicated

text: by

text: the

text: constant

text: velocity

text: vectors

text: in

text: the

text: image

text: One

text: type

text: of

text: commonly

text: known

text: gas

text: is

text: steam

text: A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is a heat engine (usually, although there are also pneumatic and hydraulic reciprocating engines) that uses one or more reciprocating pistons to convert pressure into a rotating motion. This article describes the common features of all types. The main types are: the internal combustion engine, used extensively in motor vehicles; the steam engine, the mainstay of the Industrial Revolution; and the niche application Stirling engine. Internal Combustion engines are further classified in two ways: either a spark-ignition (SI) engine, where the spark plug initiates the combustion; or a compression-ignition (CI) engine, where the air within the cylinder is compressed, thus heating it, so that the heated air ignites fuel that is injected then or earlier.

text: reciprocating

text: engine

text: also

text: often

text: known

text: as

text: piston

text: engine

text: is

text: heat

text: engine

text: usually

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: also

text: pneumatic

text: and

text: hydraulic

text: reciprocating

text: engines

text: that

text: uses

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: reciprocating

text: pistons

text: to

text: convert

text: pressure

text: into

text: rotating

text: motion

text: This

text: article

text: describes

text: the

text: common

text: features

text: of

text: all

text: types

text: The

text: main

text: types

text: are

text: the

text: internal

text: combustion

text: engine

text: used

text: extensively

text: in

text: motor

text: vehicles

text: the

text: steam

text: engine

text: the

text: mainstay

text: of

text: the

text: Industrial

text: Revolution

text: and

text: the

text: niche

text: application

text: Stirling

text: engine

text: Internal

text: Combustion

text: engines

text: are

text: further

text: classified

text: in

text: two

text: ways

text: either

text: spark

text: ignition

text: SI

text: engine

text: where

text: the

text: spark

text: plug

text: initiates

text: the

text: combustion

text: or

text: compression

text: ignition

text: CI

text: engine

text: where

text: the

text: air

text: within

text: the

text: cylinder

text: is

text: compressed

text: thus

text: heating

text: it

text: so

text: that

text: the

text: heated

text: air

text: ignites

text: fuel

text: that

text: is

text: injected

text: then

text: or

text: earlier

question: subclass_of two-stroke engine

answer: reciprocating engine

text: reciprocating engine

text: reciprocating engine

text: reciprocating engine

text: reciprocating engine


text: Kiss Me Deadly is an independently made 1955 black-and-white science fiction film noir, produced and directed by Robert Aldrich, that stars Ralph Meeker. The screenplay was written by A.I. Bezzerides, based on the Mickey Spillane Mike Hammer mystery novel "Kiss Me, Deadly". The film was released by United Artists

text: Kiss

text: Me

text: Deadly

text: is

text: an

text: independently

text: made

text: black

text: and

text: white

text: science

text: fiction

text: film

text: noir

text: produced

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Robert

text: Aldrich

text: that

text: stars

text: Ralph

text: Meeker

text: The

text: screenplay

text: was

text: written

text: by

text: A.I.

text: Bezzerides

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: Mickey

text: Spillane

text: Mike

text: Hammer

text: mystery

text: novel

text: Kiss

text: Me

text: Deadly

text: The

text: film

text: was

text: released

text: by

text: United

text: Artists

text: Peter van Eyck, born Götz von Eick (16 July 1911, Steinwehr, Pomerania, German Empire [now Kamienny Jaz, Poland]  15 July 1969, Männedorf near Zürich, Switzerland), was a German actor.

text: Peter

text: van

text: Eyck

text: born

text: Götz

text: von

text: Eick

text: July

text: Steinwehr

text: Pomerania

text: German

text: Empire

text: now

text: Kamienny

text: Jaz

text: Poland

text: July

text: Männedorf

text: near

text: Zürich

text: Switzerland

text: was

text: German

text: actor

text: M Squad is an American crime drama television series that ran from 1957 to 1960 on NBC. It was produced by Lee Marvin's Latimer Productions and Revue Studios. Its main sponsor was the Pall Mall cigarette brand; Lee Marvin, the program's star, appeared in its commercials during many episodes. Alternate sponsors were General Electric (GE), Hazel Bishop and Bulova watches.

text: Squad

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: crime

text: drama

text: television

text: series

text: that

text: ran

text: from

text: to

text: on

text: NBC

text: It

text: was

text: produced

text: by

text: Lee

text: Marvin

text: 's

text: Latimer

text: Productions

text: and

text: Revue

text: Studios

text: Its

text: main

text: sponsor

text: was

text: the

text: Pall

text: Mall

text: cigarette

text: brand

text: Lee

text: Marvin

text: the

text: program

text: 's

text: star

text: appeared

text: in

text: its

text: commercials

text: during

text: many

text: episodes

text: Alternate

text: sponsors

text: were

text: General

text: Electric

text: GE

text: Hazel

text: Bishop

text: and

text: Bulova

text: watches

text: The Dirty Dozen is a 1967 American war film directed by Robert Aldrich, released by MGM, and starring Lee Marvin. The picture was filmed in the United Kingdom and features an ensemble supporting cast including Ernest Borgnine, Charles Bronson, Jim Brown, John Cassavetes, Telly Savalas, Robert Webber, and Donald Sutherland. The film is based on E. M. Nathanson's novel of the same name that was inspired by a real-life group called the "Filthy Thirteen". In 2001, the American Film Institute placed the film at number 65 on their 100 Years... 100 Thrills list.

text: The

text: Dirty

text: Dozen

text: is

text: American

text: war

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Robert

text: Aldrich

text: released

text: by

text: MGM

text: and

text: starring

text: Lee

text: Marvin

text: The

text: picture

text: was

text: filmed

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: and

text: features

text: an

text: ensemble

text: supporting

text: cast

text: including

text: Ernest

text: Borgnine

text: Charles

text: Bronson

text: Jim

text: Brown

text: John

text: Cassavetes

text: Telly

text: Savalas

text: Robert

text: Webber

text: and

text: Donald

text: Sutherland

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: based

text: on

text: Nathanson

text: 's

text: novel

text: of

text: the

text: same

text: name

text: that

text: was

text: inspired

text: by

text: real

text: life

text: group

text: called

text: the

text: Filthy

text: Thirteen

text: In

text: the

text: American

text: Film

text: Institute

text: placed

text: the

text: film

text: at

text: number

text: on

text: their

text: Years

text: Thrills

text: list

text: Pomerania is a region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Germany and Poland.

text: Pomerania

text: is

text: region

text: on

text: the

text: southern

text: shore

text: of

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: split

text: between

text: Germany

text: and

text: Poland

text: Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges (the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains) in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine and Belarus to the east; and the Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe and the sixth most populous member of the European Union. Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocaw, Pozna, Gdask and Szczecin.

text: Poland

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: situated

text: between

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: in

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: two

text: mountain

text: ranges

text: the

text: Sudetes

text: and

text: Carpathian

text: Mountains

text: in

text: the

text: south

text: Bordered

text: by

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: the

text: Czech

text: Republic

text: and

text: Slovakia

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Ukraine

text: and

text: Belarus

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: Russian

text: exclave

text: and

text: Lithuania

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: The

text: total

text: area

text: of

text: Poland

text: is

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: in

text: Europe

text: With

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: Poland

text: is

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: in

text: Europe

text: and

text: the

text: sixth

text: most

text: populous

text: member

text: of

text: the

text: European

text: Union

text: Poland

text: is

text: unitary

text: state

text: divided

text: into

text: administrative

text: subdivisions

text: and

text: its

text: capital

text: and

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Warsaw

text: Other

text: metropolises

text: include

text: Kraków

text: Wrocaw

text: Pozna

text: Gdask

text: and

text: Szczecin

text: City Slickers is a 1991 American western comedy film, directed by Ron Underwood and starring Billy Crystal, Daniel Stern, Bruno Kirby, and Jack Palance, with supporting roles by Patricia Wettig, Helen Slater, and Noble Willingham.

text: City

text: Slickers

text: is

text: American

text: western

text: comedy

text: film

text: directed

text: by

text: Ron

text: Underwood

text: and

text: starring

text: Billy

text: Crystal

text: Daniel

text: Stern

text: Bruno

text: Kirby

text: and

text: Jack

text: Palance

text: with

text: supporting

text: roles

text: by

text: Patricia

text: Wettig

text: Helen

text: Slater

text: and

text: Noble

text: Willingham

text: Joseph Francis Biroc, A.S.C. (February 12, 1903  September 7, 1996) was an American Academy Award-winning cinematographer. He was born in New York City and began working in films at the Paragon Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey. After working there for approximately six years, he moved to Los Angeles. Once in Southern California, Biroc worked at the RKO Pictures movie studio. During World War II, he served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, and filmed the Liberation of Paris in August 1944. In 1950, Biroc left RKO Pictures and freelanced on projects at various studios. In addition to his film work, which included "It's a Wonderful Life" (1946) and "The Flight of the Phoenix" (1965), Biroc worked on various television series, including the "Adventures of Superman" and "Wonder Woman".

text: Joseph

text: Francis

text: Biroc

text: A.S.C.

text: February

text: September

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: Academy

text: Award

text: winning

text: cinematographer

text: He

text: was

text: born

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: and

text: began

text: working

text: in

text: films

text: at

text: the

text: Paragon

text: Studios

text: in

text: Fort

text: Lee

text: New

text: Jersey

text: After

text: working

text: there

text: for

text: approximately

text: six

text: years

text: he

text: moved

text: to

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: Once

text: in

text: Southern

text: California

text: Biroc

text: worked

text: at

text: the

text: RKO

text: Pictures

text: movie

text: studio

text: During

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: he

text: served

text: in

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: Signal

text: Corps

text: and

text: filmed

text: the

text: Liberation

text: of

text: Paris

text: in

text: August

text: In

text: Biroc

text: left

text: RKO

text: Pictures

text: and

text: freelanced

text: on

text: projects

text: at

text: various

text: studios

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: his

text: film

text: work

text: which

text: included

text: It

text: 's

text: Wonderful

text: Life

text: and

text: The

text: Flight

text: of

text: the

text: Phoenix

text: Biroc

text: worked

text: on

text: various

text: television

text: series

text: including

text: the

text: Adventures

text: of

text: Superman

text: and

text: Wonder

text: Woman

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text:
Jack Palance pronounced PAL-ance
(born Volodymyr Palahniuk; February 18, 1919  November 10, 2006) was an American actor and singer. He was nominated for three Academy Awards, all for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, winning in 1992 for his role in "City Slickers".

text: Jack

text: Palance

text: pronounced

text: PAL

text: ance

text: born

text: Volodymyr

text: Palahniuk

text: February

text: November

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: actor

text: and

text: singer

text: He

text: was

text: nominated

text: for

text: three

text: Academy

text: Awards

text: all

text: for

text: Best

text: Actor

text: in

text: Supporting

text: Role

text: winning

text: in

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: in

text: City

text: Slickers

text: It's a Wonderful Life is a 1946 American Christmas fantasy drama film produced and directed by Frank Capra, based on the short story and booklet "The Greatest Gift", which Philip Van Doren Stern wrote in 1939 and published privately in 1943. The film is now among the most popular in American cinema and because of numerous television showings in the 1980s has become traditional viewing during the Christmas season.

text: It

text: 's

text: Wonderful

text: Life

text: is

text: American

text: Christmas

text: fantasy

text: drama

text: film

text: produced

text: and

text: directed

text: by

text: Frank

text: Capra

text: based

text: on

text: the

text: short

text: story

text: and

text: booklet

text: The

text: Greatest

text: Gift

text: which

text: Philip

text: Van

text: Doren

text: Stern

text: wrote

text: in

text: and

text: published

text: privately

text: in

text: The

text: film

text: is

text: now

text: among

text: the

text: most

text: popular

text: in

text: American

text: cinema

text: and

text: because

text: of

text: numerous

text: television

text: showings

text: in

text: the

text: has

text: become

text: traditional

text: viewing

text: during

text: the

text: Christmas

text: season

text: The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is headquartered in the Comcast Building (formerly known as the GE Building) at Rockefeller Center in New York City, with additional major offices near Los Angeles (at Universal City Plaza), Chicago (at the NBC Tower) and soon in Philadelphia at Comcast Innovation and Technology Center. The network is part of the Big Three television networks. NBC is sometimes referred to as the "Peacock Network", in reference to its stylized peacock logo, which was originally created in 1956 for its then-new color broadcasts and became the network's official emblem in 1979.

text: The

text: National

text: Broadcasting

text: Company

text: NBC

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: commercial

text: broadcast

text: television

text: network

text: that

text: is

text: the

text: flagship

text: property

text: of

text: NBCUniversal

text: subsidiary

text: of

text: Comcast

text: The

text: network

text: is

text: headquartered

text: in

text: the

text: Comcast

text: Building

text: formerly

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: GE

text: Building

text: at

text: Rockefeller

text: Center

text: in

text: New

text: York

text: City

text: with

text: additional

text: major

text: offices

text: near

text: Los

text: Angeles

text: at

text: Universal

text: City

text: Plaza

text: Chicago

text: at

text: the

text: NBC

text: Tower

text: and

text: soon

text: in

text: Philadelphia

text: at

text: Comcast

text: Innovation

text: and

text: Technology

text: Center

text: The

text: network

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Big

text: Three

text: television

text: networks

text: NBC

text: is

text: sometimes

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: the

text: Peacock

text: Network

text: in

text: reference

text: to

text: its

text: stylized

text: peacock

text: logo

text: which

text: was

text: originally

text: created

text: in

text: for

text: its

text: then

text: new

text: color

text: broadcasts

text: and

text: became

text: the

text: network

text: 's

text: official

text: emblem

text: in

text:
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic in Europe. It consists of 26 cantons, and the city of Bern is the seat of the federal authorities.
The country is situated in Western-Central Europe, and is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is a landlocked country geographically divided between the Alps, the Swiss Plateau and the Jura, spanning an area of . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately eight million people is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities are to be found: among them are the two global cities and economic centres Zürich and Geneva.

text: Switzerland

text: officially

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Confederation

text: is

text: federal

text: republic

text: in

text: Europe

text: It

text: consists

text: of

text: cantons

text: and

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bern

text: is

text: the

text: seat

text: of

text: the

text: federal

text: authorities

text: The

text: country

text: is

text: situated

text: in

text: Western

text: Central

text: Europe

text: and

text: is

text: bordered

text: by

text: Italy

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: France

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: Germany

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Austria

text: and

text: Liechtenstein

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: Switzerland

text: is

text: landlocked

text: country

text: geographically

text: divided

text: between

text: the

text: Alps

text: the

text: Swiss

text: Plateau

text: and

text: the

text: Jura

text: spanning

text: an

text: area

text: of

text: While

text: the

text: Alps

text: occupy

text: the

text: greater

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: the

text: Swiss

text: population

text: of

text: approximately

text: eight

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: concentrated

text: mostly

text: on

text: the

text: plateau

text: where

text: the

text: largest

text: cities

text: are

text: to

text: be

text: found

text: among

text: them

text: are

text: the

text: two

text: global

text: cities

text: and

text: economic

text: centres

text: Zürich

text: and

text: Geneva

text: Robert Burgess Aldrich (August 9, 1918  December 5, 1983) was an American film director, writer and producer, notable for such films as "Vera Cruz" (1954), "Kiss Me Deadly" (1955), "The Big Knife" (1955), "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?" (1962), "Hush Hush, Sweet Charlotte" (1964), "The Flight of the Phoenix" (1965), "The Dirty Dozen" (1967) and "The Longest Yard" (1974). Film critic John Patterson summarized his career in 2012: "He was a punchy, caustic, macho and pessimistic director, who depicted corruption and evil unflinchingly, and pushed limits on violence throughout his career. His aggressive and pugnacious film-making style, often crass and crude, but never less than utterly vital and alive, warrants  and will richly reward  your immediate attention."

text: Robert

text: Burgess

text: Aldrich

text: August

text: December

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: director

text: writer

text: and

text: producer

text: notable

text: for

text: such

text: films

text: as

text: Vera

text: Cruz

text: Kiss

text: Me

text: Deadly

text: The

text: Big

text: Knife

text: What

text: Ever

text: Happened

text: to

text: Baby

text: Jane

text: Hush

text: Hush

text: Sweet

text: Charlotte

text: The

text: Flight

text: of

text: the

text: Phoenix

text: The

text: Dirty

text: Dozen

text: and

text: The

text: Longest

text: Yard

text: Film

text: critic

text: John

text: Patterson

text: summarized

text: his

text: career

text: in

text: He

text: was

text: punchy

text: caustic

text: macho

text: and

text: pessimistic

text: director

text: who

text: depicted

text: corruption

text: and

text: evil

text: unflinchingly

text: and

text: pushed

text: limits

text: on

text: violence

text: throughout

text: his

text: career

text: His

text: aggressive

text: and

text: pugnacious

text: film

text: making

text: style

text: often

text: crass

text: and

text: crude

text: but

text: never

text: less

text: than

text: utterly

text: vital

text: and

text: alive

text: warrants

text: and

text: will

text: richly

text: reward

text: your

text: immediate

text: attention

text: Attack , also known as Attack ! , is a 1956 American anti-war drama film . It was directed by Robert Aldrich and starred Jack Palance , Eddie Albert , Lee Marvin , William Smithers , Robert Strauss , Richard Jaeckel , Buddy Ebsen and Peter van Eyck . The cinematographer was Joseph Biroc . `` A cynical and grim account of war '' , the film is set in the latter stages of World War II and tells the story of a front line combat unit led by a cowardly captain clearly out of his depth as well as a tougher subordinate and an executive officer who both threaten to do away with him . As the official trailer put it : `` Not every gun is pointed at the enemy ! '' The film won the 1956 Italian Film Critics Award .

text: Attack

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Attack

text: is

text: American

text: anti

text: war

text: drama

text: film

text: It

text: was

text: directed

text: by

text: Robert

text: Aldrich

text: and

text: starred

text: Jack

text: Palance

text: Eddie

text: Albert

text: Lee

text: Marvin

text: William

text: Smithers

text: Robert

text: Strauss

text: Richard

text: Jaeckel

text: Buddy

text: Ebsen

text: and

text: Peter

text: van

text: Eyck

text: The

text: cinematographer

text: was

text: Joseph

text: Biroc

text: cynical

text: and

text: grim

text: account

text: of

text: war

text: the

text: film

text: is

text: set

text: in

text: the

text: latter

text: stages

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: tells

text: the

text: story

text: of

text: front

text: line

text: combat

text: unit

text: led

text: by

text: cowardly

text: captain

text: clearly

text: out

text: of

text: his

text: depth

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: tougher

text: subordinate

text: and

text: an

text: executive

text: officer

text: who

text: both

text: threaten

text: to

text: do

text: away

text: with

text: him

text: As

text: the

text: official

text: trailer

text: put

text: it

text: Not

text: every

text: gun

text: is

text: pointed

text: at

text: the

text: enemy

text: The

text: film

text: won

text: the

text: Italian

text: Film

text: Critics

text: Award

text: Lee Marvin (February 19, 1924  August 29, 1987) was an American film and television actor. Known for his distinctive voice and prematurely white hair, Marvin initially appeared in supporting roles, mostly villains, soldiers, and other hardboiled characters. From 1957 to 1960, he starred as Detective Lieutenant Frank Ballinger in the NBC crime series, "M Squad".

text: Lee

text: Marvin

text: February

text: August

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: film

text: and

text: television

text: actor

text: Known

text: for

text: his

text: distinctive

text: voice

text: and

text: prematurely

text: white

text: hair

text: Marvin

text: initially

text: appeared

text: in

text: supporting

text: roles

text: mostly

text: villains

text: soldiers

text: and

text: other

text: hardboiled

text: characters

text: From

text: to

text: he

text: starred

text: as

text: Detective

text: Lieutenant

text: Frank

text: Ballinger

text: in

text: the

text: NBC

text: crime

text: series

text: Squad

text: The Liberation of Paris (also known as the Battle for Paris) was a military action that took place during World War II from 19 August 1944 until the German garrison surrendered the French capital on 25 August 1944. Paris had been ruled by Nazi Germany since the signing of the Second Compiègne Armistice on 22 June 1940, after which the "Wehrmacht" occupied northern and western France.

text: The

text: Liberation

text: of

text: Paris

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Battle

text: for

text: Paris

text: was

text: military

text: action

text: that

text: took

text: place

text: during

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: from

text: August

text: until

text: the

text: German

text: garrison

text: surrendered

text: the

text: French

text: capital

text: on

text: August

text: Paris

text: had

text: been

text: ruled

text: by

text: Nazi

text: Germany

text: since

text: the

text: signing

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: Compiègne

text: Armistice

text: on

text: June

text: after

text: which

text: the

text: Wehrmacht

text: occupied

text: northern

text: and

text: western

text: France

annotations: likely multiple

annotations: follows multiple

question: distributor attack

answer: united artists

text: united artists


text: The Military Division of the Mississippi was an administrative division of the United States Army during the American Civil War that controlled all military operations in the Western Theater from 1863 until the end of the war.

text: The

text: Military

text: Division

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: was

text: an

text: administrative

text: division

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: that

text: controlled

text: all

text: military

text: operations

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Theater

text: from

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text:
The United States Armed Forces are the federal armed forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard. The President of the United States is the military's overall head, and helps form military policy with the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), a federal executive department, acting as the principal organ by which military policy is carried out.
From the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the United States. A sense of national unity and identity was forged as a result of victory in the First Barbary War and the Second Barbary War. Even so, the Founders were suspicious of a permanent military force. It played an important role in the American Civil War, where leading generals on both sides were picked from members of the United States military. Not until the outbreak of World War II did a large standing army become officially established. The National Security Act of 1947, adopted following World War II and during the Cold War's onset, created the modern U.S. military framework; the Act merged previously Cabinet-level Department of War and the Department of the Navy into the National Military Establishment (renamed the Department of Defense in 1949), headed by the Secretary of Defense; and created the Department of the Air Force and National Security Council.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: are

text: the

text: federal

text: armed

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: They

text: consist

text: of

text: the

text: Army

text: Marine

text: Corps

text: Navy

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: Coast

text: Guard

text: The

text: President

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: military

text: 's

text: overall

text: head

text: and

text: helps

text: form

text: military

text: policy

text: with

text: the

text: U.S.

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: DoD

text: federal

text: executive

text: department

text: acting

text: as

text: the

text: principal

text: organ

text: by

text: which

text: military

text: policy

text: is

text: carried

text: out

text: From

text: the

text: time

text: of

text: its

text: inception

text: the

text: military

text: played

text: decisive

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: history

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: sense

text: of

text: national

text: unity

text: and

text: identity

text: was

text: forged

text: as

text: result

text: of

text: victory

text: in

text: the

text: First

text: Barbary

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Second

text: Barbary

text: War

text: Even

text: so

text: the

text: Founders

text: were

text: suspicious

text: of

text: permanent

text: military

text: force

text: It

text: played

text: an

text: important

text: role

text: in

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: where

text: leading

text: generals

text: on

text: both

text: sides

text: were

text: picked

text: from

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: military

text: Not

text: until

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: did

text: large

text: standing

text: army

text: become

text: officially

text: established

text: The

text: National

text: Security

text: Act

text: of

text: adopted

text: following

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: and

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: 's

text: onset

text: created

text: the

text: modern

text: U.S.

text: military

text: framework

text: the

text: Act

text: merged

text: previously

text: Cabinet

text: level

text: Department

text: of

text: War

text: and

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Navy

text: into

text: the

text: National

text: Military

text: Establishment

text: renamed

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: Defense

text: in

text: headed

text: by

text: the

text: Secretary

text: of

text: Defense

text: and

text: created

text: the

text: Department

text: of

text: the

text: Air

text: Force

text: and

text: National

text: Security

text: Council

text: The Army of Tennessee was the principal Confederate army operating between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River during the American Civil War. It was formed in late 1862 and fought until the end of the war in 1865, participating in most of the significant battles in the Western Theater. It should not be confused with the Union Army of the Tennessee, named after the Tennessee River.

text: The

text: Army

text: of

text: Tennessee

text: was

text: the

text: principal

text: Confederate

text: army

text: operating

text: between

text: the

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: and

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: It

text: was

text: formed

text: in

text: late

text: and

text: fought

text: until

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: war

text: in

text: participating

text: in

text: most

text: of

text: the

text: significant

text: battles

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Theater

text: It

text: should

text: not

text: be

text: confused

text: with

text: the

text: Union

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: named

text: after

text: the

text: Tennessee

text: River

text: The Army of the United States or Armies of the United States is the legal name of the "land forces of the United States" (United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001) and has been used in this context since at least 1841, as in the title: "General Regulations for the Army of the United States". The Army, or Armies of the United States includes: the Regular Army, Army National Guard, and the Army Reserve, (as well as any volunteer or conscripted forces).

text: The

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: or

text: Armies

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: legal

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: land

text: forces

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Section

text: Clause

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: Subtitle

text: Chapter

text: Section

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: used

text: in

text: this

text: context

text: since

text: at

text: least

text: as

text: in

text: the

text: title

text: General

text: Regulations

text: for

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: Army

text: or

text: Armies

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: includes

text: the

text: Regular

text: Army

text: Army

text: National

text: Guard

text: and

text: the

text: Army

text: Reserve

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: any

text: volunteer

text: or

text: conscripted

text: forces

text: The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (17751783)before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: USA

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Armed

text: Forces

text: and

text: performs

text: land

text: based

text: military

text: operations

text: It

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: seven

text: uniformed

text: services

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: and

text: is

text: designated

text: as

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Constitution

text: Article

text: Section

text: Clause

text: and

text: United

text: States

text: Code

text: Title

text: Subtitle

text: Chapter

text: Section

text: As

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: senior

text: branch

text: of

text: the

text: U.S.

text: military

text: the

text: modern

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: has

text: its

text: roots

text: in

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: which

text: was

text: formed

text: June

text: to

text: fight

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: U.S.

text: was

text: established

text: as

text: country

text: After

text: the

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: the

text: Congress

text: of

text: the

text: Confederation

text: created

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: on

text: June

text: to

text: replace

text: the

text: disbanded

text: Continental

text: Army

text: The

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: considers

text: itself

text: descended

text: from

text: the

text: Continental

text: Army

text: and

text: dates

text: its

text: institutional

text: inception

text: from

text: the

text: origin

text: of

text: that

text: armed

text: force

text: in

text: Cavalry (from French "cavalerie", cf. "cheval" 'horse') or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically the most mobile of the combat arms. An individual soldier in the cavalry is known by a number of designations such as cavalryman, horseman, dragoon or trooper. The designation of cavalry was not usually given to any military forces that used other animals, such as camels, mules or elephants. Infantry who moved on horseback, but dismounted to fight on foot, were known in the 17th and early 18th centuries as dragoons, a class of mounted infantry which later evolved into cavalry proper while retaining their historic title.

text: Cavalry

text: from

text: French

text: cavalerie

text: cf

text: cheval

text: horse

text: or

text: horsemen

text: were

text: soldiers

text: or

text: warriors

text: who

text: fought

text: mounted

text: on

text: horseback

text: Cavalry

text: were

text: historically

text: the

text: most

text: mobile

text: of

text: the

text: combat

text: arms

text: An

text: individual

text: soldier

text: in

text: the

text: cavalry

text: is

text: known

text: by

text: number

text: of

text: designations

text: such

text: as

text: cavalryman

text: horseman

text: dragoon

text: or

text: trooper

text: The

text: designation

text: of

text: cavalry

text: was

text: not

text: usually

text: given

text: to

text: any

text: military

text: forces

text: that

text: used

text: other

text: animals

text: such

text: as

text: camels

text: mules

text: or

text: elephants

text: Infantry

text: who

text: moved

text: on

text: horseback

text: but

text: dismounted

text: to

text: fight

text: on

text: foot

text: were

text: known

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: early

text: centuries

text: as

text: dragoons

text: class

text: of

text: mounted

text: infantry

text: which

text: later

text: evolved

text: into

text: cavalry

text: proper

text: while

text: retaining

text: their

text: historic

text: title

text: Henry Moses Judah ( June 12 , 1821 -- February 14 , 1866 ) was a career officer in the United States Army , serving during the Mexican - American War and American Civil War . He is most remembered for his role in helping thwart Morgan 's Raid in 1863 and for leading a disastrous attack during the Battle of Resaca .

text: Henry

text: Moses

text: Judah

text: June

text: February

text: was

text: career

text: officer

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: Army

text: serving

text: during

text: the

text: Mexican

text: American

text: War

text: and

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: He

text: is

text: most

text: remembered

text: for

text: his

text: role

text: in

text: helping

text: thwart

text: Morgan

text: 's

text: Raid

text: in

text: and

text: for

text: leading

text: disastrous

text: attack

text: during

text: the

text: Battle

text: of

text: Resaca

text: Joseph Eggleston Johnston (February 3, 1807  March 21, 1891) was a career U.S. Army officer, serving with distinction in the Mexican-American War and Seminole Wars, and was also one of the most senior general officers in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. He was unrelated to Albert Sidney Johnston, another high-ranking Confederate general during the Civil war.

text: Joseph

text: Eggleston

text: Johnston

text: February

text: March

text: was

text: career

text: U.S.

text: Army

text: officer

text: serving

text: with

text: distinction

text: in

text: the

text: Mexican

text: American

text: War

text: and

text: Seminole

text: Wars

text: and

text: was

text: also

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: senior

text: general

text: officers

text: in

text: the

text: Confederate

text: States

text: Army

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: He

text: was

text: unrelated

text: to

text: Albert

text: Sidney

text: Johnston

text: another

text: high

text: ranking

text: Confederate

text: general

text: during

text: the

text: Civil

text: war

text: The Battle of Resaca was part of the Atlanta Campaign of the American Civil War. The battle was waged in both Gordon and Whitfield counties, Georgia, May 1315, 1864. It ended inconclusively with the Confederate Army retreating. The engagement was fought between the Military Division of the Mississippi (led by Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman) on the side of the Union and the Army of Tennessee (Gen. Joseph E. Johnston) for the Confederates.

text: The

text: Battle

text: of

text: Resaca

text: was

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: Atlanta

text: Campaign

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: The

text: battle

text: was

text: waged

text: in

text: both

text: Gordon

text: and

text: Whitfield

text: counties

text: Georgia

text: May

text: It

text: ended

text: inconclusively

text: with

text: the

text: Confederate

text: Army

text: retreating

text: The

text: engagement

text: was

text: fought

text: between

text: the

text: Military

text: Division

text: of

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: led

text: by

text: Maj

text: Gen.

text: William

text: Sherman

text: on

text: the

text: side

text: of

text: the

text: Union

text: and

text: the

text: Army

text: of

text: Tennessee

text: Gen.

text: Joseph

text: Johnston

text: for

text: the

text: Confederates

text: The Continental Army was formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America. Established by a resolution of the Congress on June 14, 1775, it was created to coordinate the military efforts of the Thirteen Colonies in their revolt against the rule of Great Britain. The Continental Army was supplemented by local militias and troops that remained under control of the individual states or were otherwise independent. General George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the army throughout the war.

text: The

text: Continental

text: Army

text: was

text: formed

text: by

text: the

text: Second

text: Continental

text: Congress

text: after

text: the

text: outbreak

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: Revolutionary

text: War

text: by

text: the

text: colonies

text: that

text: became

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: of

text: America

text: Established

text: by

text: resolution

text: of

text: the

text: Congress

text: on

text: June

text: it

text: was

text: created

text: to

text: coordinate

text: the

text: military

text: efforts

text: of

text: the

text: Thirteen

text: Colonies

text: in

text: their

text: revolt

text: against

text: the

text: rule

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: The

text: Continental

text: Army

text: was

text: supplemented

text: by

text: local

text: militias

text: and

text: troops

text: that

text: remained

text: under

text: control

text: of

text: the

text: individual

text: states

text: or

text: were

text: otherwise

text: independent

text: General

text: George

text: Washington

text: was

text: the

text: commander

text: in

text: chief

text: of

text: the

text: army

text: throughout

text: the

text: war

text: Morgan's Raid was a highly publicized incursion by Confederate cavalry into the northern U.S. states of Indiana and Ohio during the American Civil War. The raid took place from June 11July 26, 1863, and is named for the commander of the Confederates, Brig. Gen. John Hunt Morgan.

text: Morgan

text: 's

text: Raid

text: was

text: highly

text: publicized

text: incursion

text: by

text: Confederate

text: cavalry

text: into

text: the

text: northern

text: U.S.

text: states

text: of

text: Indiana

text: and

text: Ohio

text: during

text: the

text: American

text: Civil

text: War

text: The

text: raid

text: took

text: place

text: from

text: June

text: and

text: is

text: named

text: for

text: the

text: commander

text: of

text: the

text: Confederates

text: Brig

text: Gen.

text: John

text: Hunt

text: Morgan

annotations: follows single

question: military_branch henry m. judah

answer: union army

text: union army