text: The supernatural (Medieval Latin: "superntrlis": "supra" "above" + "naturalis" "natural", first used: 15201530 AD) includes all that cannot be explained by science or the laws of nature, including things characteristic of or relating to ghosts, gods, or other supernatural beings, or to things beyond nature.

text: The

text: supernatural

text: Medieval

text: Latin

text: superntrlis

text: supra

text: above

text: naturalis

text: natural

text: first

text: used

text: AD

text: includes

text: all

text: that

text: can

text: not

text: be

text: explained

text: by

text: science

text: or

text: the

text: laws

text: of

text: nature

text: including

text: things

text: characteristic

text: of

text: or

text: relating

text: to

text: ghosts

text: gods

text: or

text: other

text: supernatural

text: beings

text: or

text: to

text: things

text: beyond

text: nature

text: Infinity and the Mind : The Science and Philosophy of the Infinite is a theoretical mathematics book by American mathematician , computer scientist , and science fiction writer Rudy Rucker .

text: Infinity

text: and

text: the

text: Mind

text: The

text: Science

text: and

text: Philosophy

text: of

text: the

text: Infinite

text: is

text: theoretical

text: mathematics

text: book

text: by

text: American

text: mathematician

text: computer

text: scientist

text: and

text: science

text: fiction

text: writer

text: Rudy

text: Rucker

text: Time travel is the concept of movement (such as by a human) between certain points in time, analogous to movement between different points in space, typically using a hypothetical device known as a time machine, in the form of a vehicle or of a portal connecting distant points in time. Time travel is a recognized concept in philosophy and fiction, but traveling to an arbitrary point in time has a very limited support in theoretical physics, and usually only in conjunction with quantum mechanics or wormholes, also known as Einstein-Rosen bridges. In a more narrow sense, one-way time travel into the future via time dilation is a well-understood phenomenon within the frameworks of special relativity and general relativity, but advancing a large amount of time is not feasible with current technology. The concept was touched upon in various earlier works of fiction, but was popularized by H. G. Wells' 1895 novel "The Time Machine", which moved the concept of time travel into the public imagination, and it remains a popular subject in science fiction.

text: Time

text: travel

text: is

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: movement

text: such

text: as

text: by

text: human

text: between

text: certain

text: points

text: in

text: time

text: analogous

text: to

text: movement

text: between

text: different

text: points

text: in

text: space

text: typically

text: using

text: hypothetical

text: device

text: known

text: as

text: time

text: machine

text: in

text: the

text: form

text: of

text: vehicle

text: or

text: of

text: portal

text: connecting

text: distant

text: points

text: in

text: time

text: Time

text: travel

text: is

text: recognized

text: concept

text: in

text: philosophy

text: and

text: fiction

text: but

text: traveling

text: to

text: an

text: arbitrary

text: point

text: in

text: time

text: has

text: very

text: limited

text: support

text: in

text: theoretical

text: physics

text: and

text: usually

text: only

text: in

text: conjunction

text: with

text: quantum

text: mechanics

text: or

text: wormholes

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Einstein

text: Rosen

text: bridges

text: In

text: more

text: narrow

text: sense

text: one

text: way

text: time

text: travel

text: into

text: the

text: future

text: via

text: time

text: dilation

text: is

text: well

text: understood

text: phenomenon

text: within

text: the

text: frameworks

text: of

text: special

text: relativity

text: and

text: general

text: relativity

text: but

text: advancing

text: large

text: amount

text: of

text: time

text: is

text: not

text: feasible

text: with

text: current

text: technology

text: The

text: concept

text: was

text: touched

text: upon

text: in

text: various

text: earlier

text: works

text: of

text: fiction

text: but

text: was

text: popularized

text: by

text: Wells

text: novel

text: The

text: Time

text: Machine

text: which

text: moved

text: the

text: concept

text: of

text: time

text: travel

text: into

text: the

text: public

text: imagination

text: and

text: it

text: remains

text: popular

text: subject

text: in

text: science

text: fiction

text: Hard science fiction is a category of science fiction characterized by an emphasis on scientific accuracy. The term was first used in print in 1957 by P. Schuyler Miller in a review of John W. Campbell, Jr.'s "Islands of Space" in "Astounding Science Fiction". The complementary term soft science fiction, formed by analogy to hard science fiction, first appeared in the late 1970s. The term is formed by analogy to the popular distinction between the "hard" (natural) and "soft" (social) sciences. Science fiction critic Gary Westfahl argues that neither term is part of a rigorous taxonomy; instead they are approximate ways of characterizing stories that reviewers and commentators have found useful.

text: Hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: is

text: category

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: characterized

text: by

text: an

text: emphasis

text: on

text: scientific

text: accuracy

text: The

text: term

text: was

text: first

text: used

text: in

text: print

text: in

text: by

text: Schuyler

text: Miller

text: in

text: review

text: of

text: John

text: Campbell

text: Jr.

text: 's

text: Islands

text: of

text: Space

text: in

text: Astounding

text: Science

text: Fiction

text: The

text: complementary

text: term

text: soft

text: science

text: fiction

text: formed

text: by

text: analogy

text: to

text: hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: first

text: appeared

text: in

text: the

text: late

text: The

text: term

text: is

text: formed

text: by

text: analogy

text: to

text: the

text: popular

text: distinction

text: between

text: the

text: hard

text: natural

text: and

text: soft

text: social

text: sciences

text: Science

text: fiction

text: critic

text: Gary

text: Westfahl

text: argues

text: that

text: neither

text: term

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: rigorous

text: taxonomy

text: instead

text: they

text: are

text: approximate

text: ways

text: of

text: characterizing

text: stories

text: that

text: reviewers

text: and

text: commentators

text: have

text: found

text: useful

text: Science fiction (often shortened to SF, sci-fi or scifi) is a genre of speculative fiction, typically dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life. Science fiction often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations, and has been called a "literature of ideas." It usually avoids the supernatural, and unlike the related genre of fantasy, historically science fiction stories were intended to have a grounding in science-based fact or theory at the time the story was created, but this connection is now limited to hard science fiction.

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: shortened

text: to

text: SF

text: sci

text: fi

text: or

text: scifi

text: is

text: genre

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: typically

text: dealing

text: with

text: imaginative

text: concepts

text: such

text: as

text: futuristic

text: science

text: and

text: technology

text: space

text: travel

text: time

text: travel

text: faster

text: than

text: light

text: travel

text: parallel

text: universes

text: and

text: extraterrestrial

text: life

text: Science

text: fiction

text: often

text: explores

text: the

text: potential

text: consequences

text: of

text: scientific

text: and

text: other

text: innovations

text: and

text: has

text: been

text: called

text: literature

text: of

text: ideas

text: It

text: usually

text: avoids

text: the

text: supernatural

text: and

text: unlike

text: the

text: related

text: genre

text: of

text: fantasy

text: historically

text: science

text: fiction

text: stories

text: were

text: intended

text: to

text: have

text: grounding

text: in

text: science

text: based

text: fact

text: or

text: theory

text: at

text: the

text: time

text: the

text: story

text: was

text: created

text: but

text: this

text: connection

text: is

text: now

text: limited

text: to

text: hard

text: science

text: fiction

text: Flurb was an American science fiction webzine, edited by author Rudy Rucker and launched in August 2006. In addition to short stories, "Flurb" featured paintings and photography by Rucker. It was released biannually. The author of an accepted story retained full copyright, including the right to have the story published elsewhere, and to request that it be taken down at any time.

text: Flurb

text: was

text: an

text: American

text: science

text: fiction

text: webzine

text: edited

text: by

text: author

text: Rudy

text: Rucker

text: and

text: launched

text: in

text: August

text: In

text: addition

text: to

text: short

text: stories

text: Flurb

text: featured

text: paintings

text: and

text: photography

text: by

text: Rucker

text: It

text: was

text: released

text: biannually

text: The

text: author

text: of

text: an

text: accepted

text: story

text: retained

text: full

text: copyright

text: including

text: the

text: right

text: to

text: have

text: the

text: story

text: published

text: elsewhere

text: and

text: to

text: request

text: that

text: it

text: be

text: taken

text: down

text: at

text: any

text: time

text: The Philip K. Dick Award is a science fiction award given annually at Norwescon sponsored by the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society and (since 2005) supported by the Philip K. Dick Trust, and named after science fiction and fantasy writer Philip K. Dick. It has been awarded since 1983, the year after Dick's death. Works that have received the award are identified on their covers as "Best Original SF Paperback". They are awarded to the best original paperback published each year in the US.

text: The

text: Philip

text: Dick

text: Award

text: is

text: science

text: fiction

text: award

text: given

text: annually

text: at

text: Norwescon

text: sponsored

text: by

text: the

text: Philadelphia

text: Science

text: Fiction

text: Society

text: and

text: since

text: supported

text: by

text: the

text: Philip

text: Dick

text: Trust

text: and

text: named

text: after

text: science

text: fiction

text: and

text: fantasy

text: writer

text: Philip

text: Dick

text: It

text: has

text: been

text: awarded

text: since

text: the

text: year

text: after

text: Dick

text: 's

text: death

text: Works

text: that

text: have

text: received

text: the

text: award

text: are

text: identified

text: on

text: their

text: covers

text: as

text: Best

text: Original

text: SF

text: Paperback

text: They

text: are

text: awarded

text: to

text: the

text: best

text: original

text: paperback

text: published

text: each

text: year

text: in

text: the

text: US

text: Speculative fiction is a broad umbrella genre denoting any narrative fiction with supernatural or futuristic elements; this encompasses the genres of science fiction, fantasy, horror, alternative history, magic realism, and superhero fiction, as well as combinations of the previous genres. It typically strays strongly from reality and so may feature fictional types of beings like mythical creatures and supernatural entities, technologies that do not exist in real life like time machines and interstellar spaceships, or magical or otherwise scientifically inexplicable elements. The term's popularity is sometimes attributed to Robert Heinlein, who referenced it in 1947 in an editorial essay, although there are prior mentions of speculative fiction, or its variant "speculative literature".

text: Speculative

text: fiction

text: is

text: broad

text: umbrella

text: genre

text: denoting

text: any

text: narrative

text: fiction

text: with

text: supernatural

text: or

text: futuristic

text: elements

text: this

text: encompasses

text: the

text: genres

text: of

text: science

text: fiction

text: fantasy

text: horror

text: alternative

text: history

text: magic

text: realism

text: and

text: superhero

text: fiction

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: combinations

text: of

text: the

text: previous

text: genres

text: It

text: typically

text: strays

text: strongly

text: from

text: reality

text: and

text: so

text: may

text: feature

text: fictional

text: types

text: of

text: beings

text: like

text: mythical

text: creatures

text: and

text: supernatural

text: entities

text: technologies

text: that

text: do

text: not

text: exist

text: in

text: real

text: life

text: like

text: time

text: machines

text: and

text: interstellar

text: spaceships

text: or

text: magical

text: or

text: otherwise

text: scientifically

text: inexplicable

text: elements

text: The

text: term

text: 's

text: popularity

text: is

text: sometimes

text: attributed

text: to

text: Robert

text: Heinlein

text: who

text: referenced

text: it

text: in

text: in

text: an

text: editorial

text: essay

text: although

text: there

text: are

text: prior

text: mentions

text: of

text: speculative

text: fiction

text: or

text: its

text: variant

text: speculative

text: literature

text: Rudolf von Bitter Rucker (born March 22, 1946) is an American mathematician, computer scientist, science fiction author, and one of the founders of the cyberpunk literary movement. The author of both fiction and non-fiction, he is best known for the novels in the Ware Tetralogy, the first two of which ("Software" and "Wetware") both won Philip K. Dick Awards. Until its closure in 2014 he edited the science fiction webzine "Flurb".

text: Rudolf

text: von

text: Bitter

text: Rucker

text: born

text: March

text: is

text: an

text: American

text: mathematician

text: computer

text: scientist

text: science

text: fiction

text: author

text: and

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: founders

text: of

text: the

text: cyberpunk

text: literary

text: movement

text: The

text: author

text: of

text: both

text: fiction

text: and

text: non

text: fiction

text: he

text: is

text: best

text: known

text: for

text: the

text: novels

text: in

text: the

text: Ware

text: Tetralogy

text: the

text: first

text: two

text: of

text: which

text: Software

text: and

text: Wetware

text: both

text: won

text: Philip

text: Dick

text: Awards

text: Until

text: its

text: closure

text: in

text: he

text: edited

text: the

text: science

text: fiction

text: webzine

text: Flurb

text: The Ware Tetralogy is a series of four science fiction novels by author Rudy Rucker: "Software" (1982), "Wetware" (1988), "Freeware" (1997) and "Realware" (2000).

text: The

text: Ware

text: Tetralogy

text: is

text: series

text: of

text: four

text: science

text: fiction

text: novels

text: by

text: author

text: Rudy

text: Rucker

text: Software

text: Wetware

text: Freeware

text: and

text: Realware

question: publication_date infinity and the mind

answer: 1982


text: The OderNeisse line is the international border between Germany and Poland. It was drawn at the Potsdam Conference in the aftermath of the Second World War and is primarily delineated along the Oder and Lusatian Neisse rivers in Central Europe, meeting the Baltic Sea to the north, just west of the Polish seaports of Szczecin and winoujcie (German: "Stettin" and "Swinemünde"). All prewar German territory east of the line and within the 1937 German boundaries (23.8% of the former Weimar Republic) were placed under International Law Administrative status, with most of it being made part of newly-Communist Poland. The small remainder, consisting of the territory surrounding the German city of Königsberg (now renamed Kaliningrad, in honour of Soviet head of state Mikhail Kalinin) in northern East Prussia, was allocated to the Soviet Union (as Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian SFSR, today the Russian Federation) after the war (pending the final World War II peace treaty for Germany). The vast majority of the native German population in these territories fled, or was killed or expelled by force. The OderNeisse line marked the border between the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) and Poland from 1950 to 1990. East Germany confirmed the border with Poland in 1950, while West Germany, after a period of refusal, finally accepted the border (with reservations) in 1970. In 1990 the newly reunified Germany and the Republic of Poland signed a treaty recognizing it as their border.

text: The

text: OderNeisse

text: line

text: is

text: the

text: international

text: border

text: between

text: Germany

text: and

text: Poland

text: It

text: was

text: drawn

text: at

text: the

text: Potsdam

text: Conference

text: in

text: the

text: aftermath

text: of

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: and

text: is

text: primarily

text: delineated

text: along

text: the

text: Oder

text: and

text: Lusatian

text: Neisse

text: rivers

text: in

text: Central

text: Europe

text: meeting

text: the

text: Baltic

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: just

text: west

text: of

text: the

text: Polish

text: seaports

text: of

text: Szczecin

text: and

text: winoujcie

text: German

text: Stettin

text: and

text: Swinemünde

text: All

text: prewar

text: German

text: territory

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: line

text: and

text: within

text: the

text: German

text: boundaries

text: of

text: the

text: former

text: Weimar

text: Republic

text: were

text: placed

text: under

text: International

text: Law

text: Administrative

text: status

text: with

text: most

text: of

text: it

text: being

text: made

text: part

text: of

text: newly

text: Communist

text: Poland

text: The

text: small

text: remainder

text: consisting

text: of

text: the

text: territory

text: surrounding

text: the

text: German

text: city

text: of

text: Königsberg

text: now

text: renamed

text: Kaliningrad

text: in

text: honour

text: of

text: Soviet

text: head

text: of

text: state

text: Mikhail

text: Kalinin

text: in

text: northern

text: East

text: Prussia

text: was

text: allocated

text: to

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: as

text: Kaliningrad

text: Oblast

text: of

text: the

text: Russian

text: SFSR

text: today

text: the

text: Russian

text: Federation

text: after

text: the

text: war

text: pending

text: the

text: final

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: peace

text: treaty

text: for

text: Germany

text: The

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: native

text: German

text: population

text: in

text: these

text: territories

text: fled

text: or

text: was

text: killed

text: or

text: expelled

text: by

text: force

text: The

text: OderNeisse

text: line

text: marked

text: the

text: border

text: between

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: East

text: Germany

text: and

text: Poland

text: from

text: to

text: East

text: Germany

text: confirmed

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: Poland

text: in

text: while

text: West

text: Germany

text: after

text: period

text: of

text: refusal

text: finally

text: accepted

text: the

text: border

text: with

text: reservations

text: in

text: In

text: the

text: newly

text: reunified

text: Germany

text: and

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Poland

text: signed

text: treaty

text: recognizing

text: it

text: as

text: their

text: border

text: The Socialist Unity Party of Germany, established in April 1946, was the governing MarxistLeninist political party of the German Democratic Republic from the country's foundation in October 1949 until it was dissolved after the Peaceful Revolution in 1989.

text: The

text: Socialist

text: Unity

text: Party

text: of

text: Germany

text: established

text: in

text: April

text: was

text: the

text: governing

text: MarxistLeninist

text: political

text: party

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: from

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: foundation

text: in

text: October

text: until

text: it

text: was

text: dissolved

text: after

text: the

text: Peaceful

text: Revolution

text: in

text: World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the world's nationsincluding all of the great powerseventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war", the major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust (in which approximately 11 million people were killed) and the strategic bombing of industrial and population centres (in which approximately one million were killed, and which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki), it resulted in an estimated 50 million to 85 million fatalities. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history.

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: often

text: abbreviated

text: to

text: WWII

text: or

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: Second

text: World

text: War

text: was

text: global

text: war

text: that

text: lasted

text: from

text: to

text: although

text: related

text: conflicts

text: began

text: earlier

text: It

text: involved

text: the

text: vast

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: nationsincluding

text: all

text: of

text: the

text: great

text: powerseventually

text: forming

text: two

text: opposing

text: military

text: alliances

text: the

text: Allies

text: and

text: the

text: Axis

text: It

text: was

text: the

text: most

text: widespread

text: war

text: in

text: history

text: and

text: directly

text: involved

text: more

text: than

text: million

text: people

text: from

text: over

text: countries

text: In

text: state

text: of

text: total

text: war

text: the

text: major

text: participants

text: threw

text: their

text: entire

text: economic

text: industrial

text: and

text: scientific

text: capabilities

text: behind

text: the

text: war

text: effort

text: erasing

text: the

text: distinction

text: between

text: civilian

text: and

text: military

text: resources

text: Marked

text: by

text: mass

text: deaths

text: of

text: civilians

text: including

text: the

text: Holocaust

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: million

text: people

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: the

text: strategic

text: bombing

text: of

text: industrial

text: and

text: population

text: centres

text: in

text: which

text: approximately

text: one

text: million

text: were

text: killed

text: and

text: which

text: included

text: the

text: atomic

text: bombings

text: of

text: Hiroshima

text: and

text: Nagasaki

text: it

text: resulted

text: in

text: an

text: estimated

text: million

text: to

text: million

text: fatalities

text: These

text: made

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: the

text: deadliest

text: conflict

text: in

text: human

text: history

text: The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR " ) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. A union of multiple subnational republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party federation, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital.

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: officially

text: the

text: Union

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republics

text: USSR

text: was

text: socialist

text: state

text: in

text: Eurasia

text: that

text: existed

text: from

text: to

text: union

text: of

text: multiple

text: subnational

text: republics

text: its

text: government

text: and

text: economy

text: were

text: highly

text: centralized

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: one

text: party

text: federation

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Communist

text: Party

text: with

text: Moscow

text: as

text: its

text: capital

text: The Potsdam Agreement was the agreement between three of the Allies of World War II, United Kingdom, United States, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, for the military occupation and reconstruction of Germanyreferring to the German Reich with its pre-war 1937 borders including the former eastern territoriesand the entire European theatre of War territory. It also included Germany's demilitarisation, reparations and the prosecution of war criminals.

text: The

text: Potsdam

text: Agreement

text: was

text: the

text: agreement

text: between

text: three

text: of

text: the

text: Allies

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: United

text: States

text: Union

text: of

text: Soviet

text: Socialist

text: Republics

text: for

text: the

text: military

text: occupation

text: and

text: reconstruction

text: of

text: Germanyreferring

text: to

text: the

text: German

text: Reich

text: with

text: its

text: pre

text: war

text: borders

text: including

text: the

text: former

text: eastern

text: territoriesand

text: the

text: entire

text: European

text: theatre

text: of

text: War

text: territory

text: It

text: also

text: included

text: Germany

text: 's

text: demilitarisation

text: reparations

text: and

text: the

text: prosecution

text: of

text: war

text: criminals

text: West Berlin was a city that existed in the period between the end of the Berlin Blockade on 12 May 1949 to German reunification on 3 October 1990 as a political enclave surrounded by East Berlin and East Germany. It was east of the Inner German border and only accessible by land from West Germany by narrow rail and highway corridors. It consisted of the American, British, and French occupation sectors established in 1945 and shared economic, political, legal, and sporting systems with West Germany, but was not "de jure" part of it. It had a special and unique legal status because its administration was formally conducted by the Western Allies. East Berlin, "de jure" occupied and administered by the Soviet Union, was the "de facto" capital of East Germany. The Berlin Wall, built in 1961, physically divided East and West Berlin until it fell in 1989.

text: West

text: Berlin

text: was

text: city

text: that

text: existed

text: in

text: the

text: period

text: between

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: the

text: Berlin

text: Blockade

text: on

text: May

text: to

text: German

text: reunification

text: on

text: October

text: as

text: political

text: enclave

text: surrounded

text: by

text: East

text: Berlin

text: and

text: East

text: Germany

text: It

text: was

text: east

text: of

text: the

text: Inner

text: German

text: border

text: and

text: only

text: accessible

text: by

text: land

text: from

text: West

text: Germany

text: by

text: narrow

text: rail

text: and

text: highway

text: corridors

text: It

text: consisted

text: of

text: the

text: American

text: British

text: and

text: French

text: occupation

text: sectors

text: established

text: in

text: and

text: shared

text: economic

text: political

text: legal

text: and

text: sporting

text: systems

text: with

text: West

text: Germany

text: but

text: was

text: not

text: de

text: jure

text: part

text: of

text: it

text: It

text: had

text: special

text: and

text: unique

text: legal

text: status

text: because

text: its

text: administration

text: was

text: formally

text: conducted

text: by

text: the

text: Western

text: Allies

text: East

text: Berlin

text: de

text: jure

text: occupied

text: and

text: administered

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: was

text: the

text: de

text: facto

text: capital

text: of

text: East

text: Germany

text: The

text: Berlin

text: Wall

text: built

text: in

text: physically

text: divided

text: East

text: and

text: West

text: Berlin

text: until

text: it

text: fell

text: in

text:
East Germany, formally the German Democratic Republic or GDR, was an Eastern Bloc state during the Cold War period. From 1949 to 1990, it administered the region of Germany that was occupied by Soviet forces at the end of World War IIthe Soviet Occupation Zone of the Potsdam Agreement, bounded on the east by the OderNeisse line. The Soviet zone surrounded West Berlin, but did not include it; as a result, West Berlin remained outside the jurisdiction of the GDR.
The German Democratic Republic was established in the Soviet Zone, while the Federal Republic was established in the three western zones. East Germany was a satellite state of the Soviet Union. Soviet occupation authorities began transferring administrative responsibility to German communist leaders in 1948, and the GDR began to function as a state on 7 October 1949. Soviet forces, however, remained in the country throughout the Cold War. Until 1989, the GDR was governed by the Socialist Unity Party (SED), though other parties nominally participated in its alliance organisation, the National Front of Democratic Germany.

text: East

text: Germany

text: formally

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: or

text: GDR

text: was

text: an

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: state

text: during

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: period

text: From

text: to

text: it

text: administered

text: the

text: region

text: of

text: Germany

text: that

text: was

text: occupied

text: by

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: IIthe

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

text: of

text: the

text: Potsdam

text: Agreement

text: bounded

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: OderNeisse

text: line

text: The

text: Soviet

text: zone

text: surrounded

text: West

text: Berlin

text: but

text: did

text: not

text: include

text: it

text: as

text: result

text: West

text: Berlin

text: remained

text: outside

text: the

text: jurisdiction

text: of

text: the

text: GDR

text: The

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Zone

text: while

text: the

text: Federal

text: Republic

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: three

text: western

text: zones

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: satellite

text: state

text: of

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: Soviet

text: occupation

text: authorities

text: began

text: transferring

text: administrative

text: responsibility

text: to

text: German

text: communist

text: leaders

text: in

text: and

text: the

text: GDR

text: began

text: to

text: function

text: as

text: state

text: on

text: October

text: Soviet

text: forces

text: however

text: remained

text: in

text: the

text: country

text: throughout

text: the

text: Cold

text: War

text: Until

text: the

text: GDR

text: was

text: governed

text: by

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Unity

text: Party

text: SED

text: though

text: other

text: parties

text: nominally

text: participated

text: in

text: its

text: alliance

text: organisation

text: the

text: National

text: Front

text: of

text: Democratic

text: Germany

text: The People's Chamber (German: Volkskammer) was the unicameral legislature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany). From its founding in 1949 until the first free elections on 18 March 1990, all members of the "Volkskammer" were elected via a list controlled by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), called the National Front. Despite the appearance of a multi-party system, all these Bloc parties were completely subservient to the SED. In addition, seats were also allocated to various mass organizations affiliated with the SED, such as the Free German Youth.

text: The

text: People

text: 's

text: Chamber

text: German

text: Volkskammer

text: was

text: the

text: unicameral

text: legislature

text: of

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: East

text: Germany

text: From

text: its

text: founding

text: in

text: until

text: the

text: first

text: free

text: elections

text: on

text: March

text: all

text: members

text: of

text: the

text: Volkskammer

text: were

text: elected

text: via

text: list

text: controlled

text: by

text: the

text: Socialist

text: Unity

text: Party

text: of

text: Germany

text: SED

text: called

text: the

text: National

text: Front

text: Despite

text: the

text: appearance

text: of

text: multi

text: party

text: system

text: all

text: these

text: Bloc

text: parties

text: were

text: completely

text: subservient

text: to

text: the

text: SED

text: In

text: addition

text: seats

text: were

text: also

text: allocated

text: to

text: various

text: mass

text: organizations

text: affiliated

text: with

text: the

text: SED

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Free

text: German

text: Youth

text: The Green Party ( German : Grüne Partei ) in East Germany was founded in February 1990 . At the first free Volkskammer elections it stood with the Independent Women 's Association ( Unabhängige Frauenverband ) and received 2.0 % of the vote . They received 8 seats but could not resolve how to allocate them . The Women 's Association pulled out and the Green Party formed a joint parliamentary group with Bündnis 90 .

text: The

text: Green

text: Party

text: German

text: Grüne

text: Partei

text: in

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: founded

text: in

text: February

text: At

text: the

text: first

text: free

text: Volkskammer

text: elections

text: it

text: stood

text: with

text: the

text: Independent

text: Women

text: 's

text: Association

text: Unabhängige

text: Frauenverband

text: and

text: received

text: of

text: the

text: vote

text: They

text: received

text: seats

text: but

text: could

text: not

text: resolve

text: how

text: to

text: allocate

text: them

text: The

text: Women

text: 's

text: Association

text: pulled

text: out

text: and

text: the

text: Green

text: Party

text: formed

text: joint

text: parliamentary

text: group

text: with

text: Bündnis

text: The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period (the second half of the 20th century) between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine (a U.S. policy pledging to aid nations threatened by Soviet expansionism) was announced, and 1991, the year the Soviet Union collapsed.

text: The

text: Cold

text: War

text: was

text: state

text: of

text: political

text: and

text: military

text: tension

text: after

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: between

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Eastern

text: Bloc

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: and

text: its

text: satellite

text: states

text: and

text: powers

text: in

text: the

text: Western

text: Bloc

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: its

text: NATO

text: allies

text: and

text: others

text: Historians

text: do

text: not

text: fully

text: agree

text: on

text: the

text: dates

text: but

text: common

text: timeframe

text: is

text: the

text: period

text: the

text: second

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: century

text: between

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Truman

text: Doctrine

text: U.S.

text: policy

text: pledging

text: to

text: aid

text: nations

text: threatened

text: by

text: Soviet

text: expansionism

text: was

text: announced

text: and

text: the

text: year

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: collapsed

text: The Soviet Occupation Zone ("Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii", "Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany") was the area of central Germany occupied by the Soviet Union from 1945 on, at the end of World War II. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which became commonly referred to as East Germany, was established in the Soviet Occupation Zone.

text: The

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

text: Sovetskaya

text: okkupatsionnaya

text: zona

text: Germanii

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

text: of

text: Germany

text: was

text: the

text: area

text: of

text: central

text: Germany

text: occupied

text: by

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Union

text: from

text: on

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: World

text: War

text: II

text: On

text: October

text: the

text: German

text: Democratic

text: Republic

text: GDR

text: which

text: became

text: commonly

text: referred

text: to

text: as

text: East

text: Germany

text: was

text: established

text: in

text: the

text: Soviet

text: Occupation

text: Zone

annotations: follows multiple

question: inception east german green party

answer: 1989


text:
A convent is either a community of priests, religious brothers or religious sisters (nuns); or the building used by the community, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Anglican Communion.
Etymology and usage.
The term derives via Old French from Latin "conventus", perfect participle of the verb "convenio", meaning to convene, to come together. The original reference was to the gathering of mendicants who spent much of their time travelling.
Technically, a "monastery" or "nunnery" is a community of monastics, whereas a "friary" or "convent" is a community of mendicants, and a "canonry" a community of canons regular. The terms "abbey" and "priory" can be applied to both monasteries and canonries; an abbey is headed by an Abbot, and a priory is a lesser dependent house headed by a Prior.

text: convent

text: is

text: either

text: community

text: of

text: priests

text: religious

text: brothers

text: or

text: religious

text: sisters

text: nuns

text: or

text: the

text: building

text: used

text: by

text: the

text: community

text: particularly

text: in

text: the

text: Roman

text: Catholic

text: Church

text: and

text: in

text: the

text: Anglican

text: Communion

text: Etymology

text: and

text: usage

text: The

text: term

text: derives

text: via

text: Old

text: French

text: from

text: Latin

text: conventus

text: perfect

text: participle

text: of

text: the

text: verb

text: convenio

text: meaning

text: to

text: convene

text: to

text: come

text: together

text: The

text: original

text: reference

text: was

text: to

text: the

text: gathering

text: of

text: mendicants

text: who

text: spent

text: much

text: of

text: their

text: time

text: travelling

text: Technically

text: monastery

text: or

text: nunnery

text: is

text: community

text: of

text: monastics

text: whereas

text: friary

text: or

text: convent

text: is

text: community

text: of

text: mendicants

text: and

text: canonry

text: community

text: of

text: canons

text: regular

text: The

text: terms

text: abbey

text: and

text: priory

text: can

text: be

text: applied

text: to

text: both

text: monasteries

text: and

text: canonries

text: an

text: abbey

text: is

text: headed

text: by

text: an

text: Abbot

text: and

text: priory

text: is

text: lesser

text: dependent

text: house

text: headed

text: by

text: Prior

text: A priest or priestess (feminine) (from Greek  "presbýteros" through Latin "presbyter", "elder", or from Old High German "priast", "prest", from Vulgar Latin "provost" "one put over others", from Latin "praepositus" "person placed in charge"), is a person authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in particular, rites of sacrifice to, and propitiation of, a deity or deities. Their office or position is the priesthood, a term which also may apply to such persons collectively.

text: priest

text: or

text: priestess

text: feminine

text: from

text: Greek

text: presbýteros

text: through

text: Latin

text: presbyter

text: elder

text: or

text: from

text: Old

text: High

text: German

text: priast

text: prest

text: from

text: Vulgar

text: Latin

text: provost

text: one

text: put

text: over

text: others

text: from

text: Latin

text: praepositus

text: person

text: placed

text: in

text: charge

text: is

text: person

text: authorized

text: to

text: perform

text: the

text: sacred

text: rituals

text: of

text: religion

text: especially

text: as

text: mediatory

text: agent

text: between

text: humans

text: and

text: one

text: or

text: more

text: deities

text: They

text: also

text: have

text: the

text: authority

text: or

text: power

text: to

text: administer

text: religious

text: rites

text: in

text: particular

text: rites

text: of

text: sacrifice

text: to

text: and

text: propitiation

text: of

text: deity

text: or

text: deities

text: Their

text: office

text: or

text: position

text: is

text: the

text: priesthood

text: term

text: which

text: also

text: may

text: apply

text: to

text: such

text: persons

text: collectively

text: The Master of 1328 was an Italian illuminator active in the area around Bologna from about 1320 until 1340 . His name is derived from the date on a trademan 's register , the Matricola dei merciai , now in the Civic Museum in Bologna ; his hand may also be discerned in a set of choir books which were painted for the Dominican convent in that city ; this group of works is earlier , and can be dated to the first half of the 1320s , as can a copy of Gratian 's Decretals now in Madrid . At the same time the Master participated in the creation of the Rhetorica ad Erennium now held at Holkam Hall in Norfolk . Stylistically , while he bears the influence of his local contemporaries , he was evidently also aware of the later paintings of Giotto ; he was also the first to apply Giotto 's new rules of painting to Bolognese manuscript illumination in anything approaching a regular pattern . Like the Illustratore , with whom he worked on occasion he reached the height of his career in the 1330s , concentrating on the decoration of legal texts .

text: The

text: Master

text: of

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: illuminator

text: active

text: in

text: the

text: area

text: around

text: Bologna

text: from

text: about

text: until

text: His

text: name

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: the

text: date

text: on

text: trademan

text: 's

text: register

text: the

text: Matricola

text: dei

text: merciai

text: now

text: in

text: the

text: Civic

text: Museum

text: in

text: Bologna

text: his

text: hand

text: may

text: also

text: be

text: discerned

text: in

text: set

text: of

text: choir

text: books

text: which

text: were

text: painted

text: for

text: the

text: Dominican

text: convent

text: in

text: that

text: city

text: this

text: group

text: of

text: works

text: is

text: earlier

text: and

text: can

text: be

text: dated

text: to

text: the

text: first

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: as

text: can

text: copy

text: of

text: Gratian

text: 's

text: Decretals

text: now

text: in

text: Madrid

text: At

text: the

text: same

text: time

text: the

text: Master

text: participated

text: in

text: the

text: creation

text: of

text: the

text: Rhetorica

text: ad

text: Erennium

text: now

text: held

text: at

text: Holkam

text: Hall

text: in

text: Norfolk

text: Stylistically

text: while

text: he

text: bears

text: the

text: influence

text: of

text: his

text: local

text: contemporaries

text: he

text: was

text: evidently

text: also

text: aware

text: of

text: the

text: later

text: paintings

text: of

text: Giotto

text: he

text: was

text: also

text: the

text: first

text: to

text: apply

text: Giotto

text: 's

text: new

text: rules

text: of

text: painting

text: to

text: Bolognese

text: manuscript

text: illumination

text: in

text: anything

text: approaching

text: regular

text: pattern

text: Like

text: the

text: Illustratore

text: with

text: whom

text: he

text: worked

text: on

text: occasion

text: he

text: reached

text: the

text: height

text: of

text: his

text: career

text: in

text: the

text: concentrating

text: on

text: the

text: decoration

text: of

text: legal

text: texts

text: Cambridge is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam about north of London. At the United Kingdom Census 2011, its population was 123,867, including 24,488 students.

text: Cambridge

text: is

text: university

text: city

text: and

text: the

text: county

text: town

text: of

text: Cambridgeshire

text: England

text: on

text: the

text: River

text: Cam

text: about

text: north

text: of

text: London

text: At

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: Census

text: its

text: population

text: was

text: including

text: students

text: The Wash is the square-mouthed bay and estuary at the north-west corner of East Anglia on the East coast of England, where Norfolk meets Lincolnshire. It is among the largest estuaries in the United Kingdom. The Wash is fed by the rivers Witham, Welland, Nene and Great Ouse.

text: The

text: Wash

text: is

text: the

text: square

text: mouthed

text: bay

text: and

text: estuary

text: at

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: corner

text: of

text: East

text: Anglia

text: on

text: the

text: East

text: coast

text: of

text: England

text: where

text: Norfolk

text: meets

text: Lincolnshire

text: It

text: is

text: among

text: the

text: largest

text: estuaries

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: The

text: Wash

text: is

text: fed

text: by

text: the

text: rivers

text: Witham

text: Welland

text: Nene

text: and

text: Great

text: Ouse

text: England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain (which lies in the North Atlantic) in its centre and south; and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight.

text: England

text: is

text: country

text: that

text: is

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: Kingdom

text: It

text: shares

text: land

text: borders

text: with

text: Scotland

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: and

text: Wales

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: The

text: Irish

text: Sea

text: lies

text: northwest

text: of

text: England

text: and

text: the

text: Celtic

text: Sea

text: lies

text: to

text: the

text: southwest

text: England

text: is

text: separated

text: from

text: continental

text: Europe

text: by

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: and

text: the

text: English

text: Channel

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: The

text: country

text: covers

text: five

text: eighths

text: of

text: the

text: island

text: of

text: Great

text: Britain

text: which

text: lies

text: in

text: the

text: North

text: Atlantic

text: in

text: its

text: centre

text: and

text: south

text: and

text: includes

text: over

text: smaller

text: islands

text: such

text: as

text: the

text: Isles

text: of

text: Scilly

text: and

text: the

text: Isle

text: of

text: Wight

text: Niccolò di Giacomo da Bologna (c. 1325  c. 1403), usually known as Niccolò da Bologna, was one of the most important and prolific manuscript illuminators in 14th-century Bologna. He was active from about 1349 to 1403. He is known for his expressive figures and crowded, action-filled narrative scenes. The first signed works by Niccolò are all copies of Gratian's Decretals, one of the standard works of canon law. He and his workshop later illuminated a variety of other manuscripts, including university texts, choir books and other liturgical texts, private devotional books, and even works of secular poetry and drama. Niccolò also illuminated a number of specialty books made for various corporate groups in the city, such as statute books and guild registers. He was a financially successful artist who was appointed illuminator to the city of Bologna in the 1380s and was an active member of city government. He was the uncle of the artist Jacopo di Paolo (active 1371-1426).

text: Niccolò

text: di

text: Giacomo

text: da

text: Bologna

text: usually

text: known

text: as

text: Niccolò

text: da

text: Bologna

text: was

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: most

text: important

text: and

text: prolific

text: manuscript

text: illuminators

text: in

text: century

text: Bologna

text: He

text: was

text: active

text: from

text: about

text: to

text: He

text: is

text: known

text: for

text: his

text: expressive

text: figures

text: and

text: crowded

text: action

text: filled

text: narrative

text: scenes

text: The

text: first

text: signed

text: works

text: by

text: Niccolò

text: are

text: all

text: copies

text: of

text: Gratian

text: 's

text: Decretals

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: standard

text: works

text: of

text: canon

text: law

text: He

text: and

text: his

text: workshop

text: later

text: illuminated

text: variety

text: of

text: other

text: manuscripts

text: including

text: university

text: texts

text: choir

text: books

text: and

text: other

text: liturgical

text: texts

text: private

text: devotional

text: books

text: and

text: even

text: works

text: of

text: secular

text: poetry

text: and

text: drama

text: Niccolò

text: also

text: illuminated

text: number

text: of

text: specialty

text: books

text: made

text: for

text: various

text: corporate

text: groups

text: in

text: the

text: city

text: such

text: as

text: statute

text: books

text: and

text: guild

text: registers

text: He

text: was

text: financially

text: successful

text: artist

text: who

text: was

text: appointed

text: illuminator

text: to

text: the

text: city

text: of

text: Bologna

text: in

text: the

text: and

text: was

text: an

text: active

text: member

text: of

text: city

text: government

text: He

text: was

text: the

text: uncle

text: of

text: the

text: artist

text: Jacopo

text: di

text: Paolo

text: active

text: The Illustratore was an Italian illuminator active between 1330 and 1347. Almost nothing is known about him. Due to similarities between the two, his output was first designated as separate from that of Niccolò da Bologna; indeed, Erbach von Fürstenau at first called him the Pseudo-Niccolò, so close was the resemblance between their works. The name "Illustratore" has since been accepted instead; his identity, however, remains unknown, although various hypotheses (including Andrea da Bologna) have been put forth, with varying degrees of success.

text: The

text: Illustratore

text: was

text: an

text: Italian

text: illuminator

text: active

text: between

text: and

text: Almost

text: nothing

text: is

text: known

text: about

text: him

text: Due

text: to

text: similarities

text: between

text: the

text: two

text: his

text: output

text: was

text: first

text: designated

text: as

text: separate

text: from

text: that

text: of

text: Niccolò

text: da

text: Bologna

text: indeed

text: Erbach

text: von

text: Fürstenau

text: at

text: first

text: called

text: him

text: the

text: Pseudo

text: Niccolò

text: so

text: close

text: was

text: the

text: resemblance

text: between

text: their

text: works

text: The

text: name

text: Illustratore

text: has

text: since

text: been

text: accepted

text: instead

text: his

text: identity

text: however

text: remains

text: unknown

text: although

text: various

text: hypotheses

text: including

text: Andrea

text: da

text: Bologna

text: have

text: been

text: put

text: forth

text: with

text: varying

text: degrees

text: of

text: success

text: Norfolk is a county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the west and north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and southwest, and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the North Sea and, to the north-west, The Wash. The county town is Norwich.

text: Norfolk

text: is

text: county

text: in

text: East

text: Anglia

text: in

text: England

text: It

text: borders

text: Lincolnshire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: north

text: west

text: Cambridgeshire

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: southwest

text: and

text: Suffolk

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: Its

text: northern

text: and

text: eastern

text: boundaries

text: are

text: the

text: North

text: Sea

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: west

text: The

text: Wash.

text: The

text: county

text: town

text: is

text: Norwich

text: A nun is a member of a religious community of women, typically one living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. She may have decided to dedicate her life to serving all other living beings, or she might be an ascetic who voluntarily chose to leave mainstream society and live her life in prayer and contemplation in a monastery or convent. The term "nun" is applicable to Catholics (eastern and western traditions), Orthodox Christians, Anglicans, Lutherans, Jains, Buddhists, Taoists, Hindus and some other religious traditions.

text: nun

text: is

text: member

text: of

text: religious

text: community

text: of

text: women

text: typically

text: one

text: living

text: under

text: vows

text: of

text: poverty

text: chastity

text: and

text: obedience

text: She

text: may

text: have

text: decided

text: to

text: dedicate

text: her

text: life

text: to

text: serving

text: all

text: other

text: living

text: beings

text: or

text: she

text: might

text: be

text: an

text: ascetic

text: who

text: voluntarily

text: chose

text: to

text: leave

text: mainstream

text: society

text: and

text: live

text: her

text: life

text: in

text: prayer

text: and

text: contemplation

text: in

text: monastery

text: or

text: convent

text: The

text: term

text: nun

text: is

text: applicable

text: to

text: Catholics

text: eastern

text: and

text: western

text: traditions

text: Orthodox

text: Christians

text: Anglicans

text: Lutherans

text: Jains

text: Buddhists

text: Taoists

text: Hindus

text: and

text: some

text: other

text: religious

text: traditions

annotations: follows single

question: occupation master of 1328

answer: artist

text: artist

text: artist


text: The Great Bear Lake (Slavey: "Sahtú" , French: "Grand lac de l'Ours") is the largest lake entirely in Canada (Lake Superior and Lake Huron straddling the Canada-US border are larger), the fourth largest in North America, and the eighth largest in the world. The lake is in the Northwest Territories, on the Arctic Circle between 65 and 67 degrees of northern latitude and between 118 and 123 degrees western longitude, above sea level.

text: The

text: Great

text: Bear

text: Lake

text: Slavey

text: Sahtú

text: French

text: Grand

text: lac

text: de

text: l'Ours

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: lake

text: entirely

text: in

text: Canada

text: Lake

text: Superior

text: and

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: straddling

text: the

text: Canada

text: US

text: border

text: are

text: larger

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: eighth

text: largest

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: The

text: lake

text: is

text: in

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Territories

text: on

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Circle

text: between

text: and

text: degrees

text: of

text: northern

text: latitude

text: and

text: between

text: and

text: degrees

text: western

text: longitude

text: above

text: sea

text: level

text: Indonesia (or ; Indonesian: ), officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a unitary sovereign state and transcontinental country located mainly in Southeast Asia with some territories in Oceania. Situated between the Indian and Pacific oceans, it is the world's largest island country, with more than seventeen thousand islands. At , Indonesia is the world's 14th-largest country in terms of land area and world's 7th-largest country in terms of combined sea and land area. It has an estimated population of over 260 million people and is the world's fourth most populous country, the most populous Austronesian nation, as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country. The world's most populous island of Java contains more than half of the country's population.

text: Indonesia

text: or

text: Indonesian

text: officially

text: the

text: Republic

text: of

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: unitary

text: sovereign

text: state

text: and

text: transcontinental

text: country

text: located

text: mainly

text: in

text: Southeast

text: Asia

text: with

text: some

text: territories

text: in

text: Oceania

text: Situated

text: between

text: the

text: Indian

text: and

text: Pacific

text: oceans

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: island

text: country

text: with

text: more

text: than

text: seventeen

text: thousand

text: islands

text: At

text: Indonesia

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: land

text: area

text: and

text: world

text: 's

text: largest

text: country

text: in

text: terms

text: of

text: combined

text: sea

text: and

text: land

text: area

text: It

text: has

text: an

text: estimated

text: population

text: of

text: over

text: million

text: people

text: and

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: fourth

text: most

text: populous

text: country

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Austronesian

text: nation

text: as

text: well

text: as

text: the

text: most

text: populous

text: Muslim

text: majority

text: country

text: The

text: world

text: 's

text: most

text: populous

text: island

text: of

text: Java

text: contains

text: more

text: than

text: half

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: Yukon (also commonly called the Yukon) is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three federal territories (the other two are Northwest Territories and Nunavut). The territory is very sparsely populated with its about 35,000 people on almost half a million square kilometres. Whitehorse is the territorial capital and Yukon's only city.

text: Yukon

text: also

text: commonly

text: called

text: the

text: Yukon

text: is

text: the

text: westernmost

text: and

text: smallest

text: of

text: Canada

text: 's

text: three

text: federal

text: territories

text: the

text: other

text: two

text: are

text: Northwest

text: Territories

text: and

text: Nunavut

text: The

text: territory

text: is

text: very

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: with

text: its

text: about

text: people

text: on

text: almost

text: half

text: million

text: square

text: kilometres

text: Whitehorse

text: is

text: the

text: territorial

text: capital

text: and

text: Yukon

text: 's

text: only

text: city

text: A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water. Small rivers can be referred to using names such as stream, creek, brook, rivulet, and rill. There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague.

text: river

text: is

text: natural

text: flowing

text: watercourse

text: usually

text: freshwater

text: flowing

text: towards

text: an

text: ocean

text: sea

text: lake

text: or

text: another

text: river

text: In

text: some

text: cases

text: river

text: flows

text: into

text: the

text: ground

text: and

text: becomes

text: dry

text: at

text: the

text: end

text: of

text: its

text: course

text: without

text: reaching

text: another

text: body

text: of

text: water

text: Small

text: rivers

text: can

text: be

text: referred

text: to

text: using

text: names

text: such

text: as

text: stream

text: creek

text: brook

text: rivulet

text: and

text: rill

text: There

text: are

text: no

text: official

text: definitions

text: for

text: the

text: generic

text: term

text: river

text: as

text: applied

text: to

text: geographic

text: features

text: although

text: in

text: some

text: countries

text: or

text: communities

text: stream

text: is

text: defined

text: by

text: its

text: size

text: Many

text: names

text: for

text: small

text: rivers

text: are

text: specific

text: to

text: geographic

text: location

text: examples

text: are

text: run

text: in

text: some

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: burn

text: in

text: Scotland

text: and

text: northeast

text: England

text: and

text: beck

text: in

text: northern

text: England

text: Sometimes

text: river

text: is

text: defined

text: as

text: being

text: larger

text: than

text: creek

text: but

text: not

text: always

text: the

text: language

text: is

text: vague

text: North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere. It can also be considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean, and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea.

text: North

text: America

text: is

text: continent

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: Northern

text: Hemisphere

text: and

text: almost

text: all

text: within

text: the

text: Western

text: Hemisphere

text: It

text: can

text: also

text: be

text: considered

text: northern

text: subcontinent

text: of

text: the

text: Americas

text: It

text: is

text: bordered

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: by

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: south

text: by

text: the

text: Pacific

text: Ocean

text: and

text: to

text: the

text: southeast

text: by

text: South

text: America

text: and

text: the

text: Caribbean

text: Sea

text: The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it a mediterranean sea or an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean. Alternatively, the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing World Ocean.

text: The

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: is

text: the

text: smallest

text: and

text: shallowest

text: of

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: five

text: major

text: oceans

text: The

text: International

text: Hydrographic

text: Organization

text: IHO

text: recognizes

text: it

text: as

text: an

text: ocean

text: although

text: some

text: oceanographers

text: call

text: it

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Mediterranean

text: Sea

text: or

text: simply

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Sea

text: classifying

text: it

text: mediterranean

text: sea

text: or

text: an

text: estuary

text: of

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: Ocean

text: Alternatively

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: can

text: be

text: seen

text: as

text: the

text: northernmost

text: part

text: of

text: the

text: all

text: encompassing

text: World

text: Ocean

text: Inuvialuktun, also known as Western Canadian Inuit, Western Canadian Inuktitut, and Western Canadian Inuktun, comprises several Inuit language varieties spoken in the northern Northwest Territories and Nunavut by those Canadian Inuit who call themselves "Inuvialuit".

text: Inuvialuktun

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: Western

text: Canadian

text: Inuit

text: Western

text: Canadian

text: Inuktitut

text: and

text: Western

text: Canadian

text: Inuktun

text: comprises

text: several

text: Inuit

text: language

text: varieties

text: spoken

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: Northwest

text: Territories

text: and

text: Nunavut

text: by

text: those

text: Canadian

text: Inuit

text: who

text: call

text: themselves

text: Inuvialuit

text: Canada (French: ) is a country in the northern half of North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering , making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's border with the United States is the world's longest land border. The majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its land territory being dominated by forest and tundra and the Rocky Mountains. About four-fifths of the country's population of 36 million people is urbanized and live near the southern border. Its capital is Ottawa, its largest city is Toronto; other major urban areas include Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg and Hamilton.

text: Canada

text: French

text: is

text: country

text: in

text: the

text: northern

text: half

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Its

text: ten

text: provinces

text: and

text: three

text: territories

text: extend

text: from

text: the

text: Atlantic

text: to

text: the

text: Pacific

text: and

text: northward

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: covering

text: making

text: it

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: second

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: total

text: area

text: and

text: the

text: fourth

text: largest

text: country

text: by

text: land

text: area

text: Canada

text: 's

text: border

text: with

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: longest

text: land

text: border

text: The

text: majority

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: has

text: cold

text: or

text: severely

text: cold

text: winter

text: climate

text: but

text: southerly

text: areas

text: are

text: warm

text: in

text: summer

text: Canada

text: is

text: sparsely

text: populated

text: the

text: majority

text: of

text: its

text: land

text: territory

text: being

text: dominated

text: by

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: Rocky

text: Mountains

text: About

text: four

text: fifths

text: of

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: population

text: of

text: million

text: people

text: is

text: urbanized

text: and

text: live

text: near

text: the

text: southern

text: border

text: Its

text: capital

text: is

text: Ottawa

text: its

text: largest

text: city

text: is

text: Toronto

text: other

text: major

text: urban

text: areas

text: include

text: Montreal

text: Vancouver

text: Calgary

text: Edmonton

text: Quebec

text: City

text: Winnipeg

text: and

text: Hamilton

text: The Mackenzie River (Slavey language: Deh-Cho, "big river" or Inuvialuktun: Kuukpak, "great river") is the largest and longest river system in Canada, and is exceeded only by the Mississippi River system in North America. It flows through a vast, isolated region of forest and tundra entirely within the country's Yukon and Northwest Territories, although its many tributaries reach into four other Canadian provinces and territories. The river's mainstem runs in a northerly direction to the Arctic Ocean, draining a vast area nearly the size of Indonesia. It is the largest river flowing into the Arctic from North America, and with its tributaries is one of the longest rivers in the world.

text: The

text: Mackenzie

text: River

text: Slavey

text: language

text: Deh

text: Cho

text: big

text: river

text: or

text: Inuvialuktun

text: Kuukpak

text: great

text: river

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: and

text: longest

text: river

text: system

text: in

text: Canada

text: and

text: is

text: exceeded

text: only

text: by

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: system

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: It

text: flows

text: through

text: vast

text: isolated

text: region

text: of

text: forest

text: and

text: tundra

text: entirely

text: within

text: the

text: country

text: 's

text: Yukon

text: and

text: Northwest

text: Territories

text: although

text: its

text: many

text: tributaries

text: reach

text: into

text: four

text: other

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: and

text: territories

text: The

text: river

text: 's

text: mainstem

text: runs

text: in

text: northerly

text: direction

text: to

text: the

text: Arctic

text: Ocean

text: draining

text: vast

text: area

text: nearly

text: the

text: size

text: of

text: Indonesia

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: river

text: flowing

text: into

text: the

text: Arctic

text: from

text: North

text: America

text: and

text: with

text: its

text: tributaries

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: longest

text: rivers

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: Slavey (also Slave, Slavé) is an Athabaskan language spoken among the Slavey First Nations of Canada in the Northwest Territories where it also has official status. The language is written using Canadian Aboriginal syllabics or the Latin script.

text: Slavey

text: also

text: Slave

text: Slavé

text: is

text: an

text: Athabaskan

text: language

text: spoken

text: among

text: the

text: Slavey

text: First

text: Nations

text: of

text: Canada

text: in

text: the

text: Northwest

text: Territories

text: where

text: it

text: also

text: has

text: official

text: status

text: The

text: language

text: is

text: written

text: using

text: Canadian

text: Aboriginal

text: syllabics

text: or

text: the

text: Latin

text: script

text: The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.

text: The

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: is

text: the

text: chief

text: river

text: of

text: the

text: largest

text: drainage

text: system

text: on

text: the

text: North

text: American

text: continent

text: Flowing

text: entirely

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: although

text: its

text: drainage

text: basin

text: reaches

text: into

text: Canada

text: it

text: rises

text: in

text: northern

text: Minnesota

text: and

text: meanders

text: slowly

text: southwards

text: for

text: to

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: River

text: Delta

text: at

text: the

text: Gulf

text: of

text: Mexico

text: With

text: its

text: many

text: tributaries

text: the

text: Mississippi

text: 's

text: watershed

text: drains

text: all

text: or

text: parts

text: of

text: U.S.

text: states

text: and

text: Canadian

text: provinces

text: between

text: the

text: Rocky

text: and

text: Appalachian

text: Mountains

text: The

text: Mississippi

text: ranks

text: as

text: the

text: fourth

text: longest

text: and

text: fifteenth

text: largest

text: river

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: discharge

text: The

text: river

text: either

text: borders

text: or

text: passes

text: through

text: the

text: states

text: of

text: Minnesota

text: Wisconsin

text: Iowa

text: Illinois

text: Missouri

text: Kentucky

text: Tennessee

text: Arkansas

text: Mississippi

text: and

text: Louisiana

text: Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes of North America. The lake is shared by the Canadian province of Ontario to the north, the US state of Minnesota to the west, and Wisconsin and Michigan to the south. It is generally considered the largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area. It is the world's third-largest freshwater lake by volume and the largest by volume in North America.

text: Lake

text: Superior

text: is

text: the

text: largest

text: of

text: the

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: The

text: lake

text: is

text: shared

text: by

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Ontario

text: to

text: the

text: north

text: the

text: US

text: state

text: of

text: Minnesota

text: to

text: the

text: west

text: and

text: Wisconsin

text: and

text: Michigan

text: to

text: the

text: south

text: It

text: is

text: generally

text: considered

text: the

text: largest

text: freshwater

text: lake

text: in

text: the

text: world

text: by

text: surface

text: area

text: It

text: is

text: the

text: world

text: 's

text: third

text: largest

text: freshwater

text: lake

text: by

text: volume

text: and

text: the

text: largest

text: by

text: volume

text: in

text: North

text: America

text: The Northwest Territories (also known as NWT; French: "les Territoires du Nord-Ouest", "TNO"; Athabaskan languages: "Denendeh"; Inuinnaqtun: "Nunatsiaq"; Inuktitut: ) is a territory of Canada. At a land area of approximately and a 2011 population of 41,462, it is the second largest and most populous of the three territories in Northern Canada. Its estimated population as of 2016 is 44,291. Yellowknife became the territorial capital in 1967, following recommendations by the Carrothers Commission.

text: The

text: Northwest

text: Territories

text: also

text: known

text: as

text: NWT

text: French

text: les

text: Territoires

text: du

text: Nord

text: Ouest

text: TNO

text: Athabaskan

text: languages

text: Denendeh

text: Inuinnaqtun

text: Nunatsiaq

text: Inuktitut

text: is

text: territory

text: of

text: Canada

text: At

text: land

text: area

text: of

text: approximately

text: and

text: population

text: of

text: it

text: is

text: the

text: second

text: largest

text: and

text: most

text: populous

text: of

text: the

text: three

text: territories

text: in

text: Northern

text: Canada

text: Its

text: estimated

text: population

text: as

text: of

text: is

text: Yellowknife

text: became

text: the

text: territorial

text: capital

text: in

text: following

text: recommendations

text: by

text: the

text: Carrothers

text: Commission

text: In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term "tundra" comes through Russian  ("tûndra") from the Kildin Sami word "tndâr" "uplands", "treeless mountain tract". There are three types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, and Antarctic tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra regions. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline.

text: In

text: physical

text: geography

text: tundra

text: is

text: type

text: of

text: biome

text: where

text: the

text: tree

text: growth

text: is

text: hindered

text: by

text: low

text: temperatures

text: and

text: short

text: growing

text: seasons

text: The

text: term

text: tundra

text: comes

text: through

text: Russian

text: tûndra

text: from

text: the

text: Kildin

text: Sami

text: word

text: tndâr

text: uplands

text: treeless

text: mountain

text: tract

text: There

text: are

text: three

text: types

text: of

text: tundra

text: Arctic

text: tundra

text: alpine

text: tundra

text: and

text: Antarctic

text: tundra

text: In

text: tundra

text: the

text: vegetation

text: is

text: composed

text: of

text: dwarf

text: shrubs

text: sedges

text: and

text: grasses

text: mosses

text: and

text: lichens

text: Scattered

text: trees

text: grow

text: in

text: some

text: tundra

text: regions

text: The

text: ecotone

text: or

text: ecological

text: boundary

text: region

text: between

text: the

text: tundra

text: and

text: the

text: forest

text: is

text: known

text: as

text: the

text: tree

text: line

text: or

text: timberline

text:
Lake Huron is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically, it comprises the easterly portion of Lake MichiganHuron, having the same surface elevation as its westerly counterpart, to which it is connected by the , Straits of Mackinac. It is shared on the east by the Canadian province of Ontario and on the west by the state of Michigan in the United States. The name of the lake is derived from early French explorers who named it for the Huron people inhabiting the region.
The Huronian glaciation was named due to evidence collected from Lake Huron region. The northern parts of the lake include the North Channel and Georgian Bay. The main inlet is the St. Marys River and the main outlet is the St. Clair.

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: is

text: one

text: of

text: the

text: five

text: Great

text: Lakes

text: of

text: North

text: America

text: Hydrologically

text: it

text: comprises

text: the

text: easterly

text: portion

text: of

text: Lake

text: MichiganHuron

text: having

text: the

text: same

text: surface

text: elevation

text: as

text: its

text: westerly

text: counterpart

text: to

text: which

text: it

text: is

text: connected

text: by

text: the

text: Straits

text: of

text: Mackinac

text: It

text: is

text: shared

text: on

text: the

text: east

text: by

text: the

text: Canadian

text: province

text: of

text: Ontario

text: and

text: on

text: the

text: west

text: by

text: the

text: state

text: of

text: Michigan

text: in

text: the

text: United

text: States

text: The

text: name

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: is

text: derived

text: from

text: early

text: French

text: explorers

text: who

text: named

text: it

text: for

text: the

text: Huron

text: people

text: inhabiting

text: the

text: region

text: The

text: Huronian

text: glaciation

text: was

text: named

text: due

text: to

text: evidence

text: collected

text: from

text: Lake

text: Huron

text: region

text: The

text: northern

text: parts

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: include

text: the

text: North

text: Channel

text: and

text: Georgian

text: Bay

text: The

text: main

text: inlet

text: is

text: the

text: St.

text: Marys

text: River

text: and

text: the

text: main

text: outlet

text: is

text: the

text: St.

text: Clair

text: The 113 - kilometre ( 70 mi ) long Great Bear River , which drains the Great Bear Lake westward through marshes into the Mackenzie River , forms an important transportation link during its four ice - free months . It originates at south - west bay of the lake . The river has irregular meander pattern 350 - metre ( 1,150 ft ) wide channel with average depth 6 metres ( 20 ft ) . Historic air photos show no evidence of bank erosion or channel migration in a 50 - year period . The low discharge rate is due to small amount of precipitation in watershed area . Great Bear River contained open reaches that had melted out in place over 80 percent of its length in 1972 and 1974 . The settlement of Tulita is located at the mouth of the river .

text: The

text: kilometre

text: mi

text: long

text: Great

text: Bear

text: River

text: which

text: drains

text: the

text: Great

text: Bear

text: Lake

text: westward

text: through

text: marshes

text: into

text: the

text: Mackenzie

text: River

text: forms

text: an

text: important

text: transportation

text: link

text: during

text: its

text: four

text: ice

text: free

text: months

text: It

text: originates

text: at

text: south

text: west

text: bay

text: of

text: the

text: lake

text: The

text: river

text: has

text: irregular

text: meander

text: pattern

text: metre

text: ft

text: wide

text: channel

text: with

text: average

text: depth

text: metres

text: ft

text: Historic

text: air

text: photos

text: show

text: no

text: evidence

text: of

text: bank

text: erosion

text: or

text: channel

text: migration

text: in

text: year

text: period

text: The

text: low

text: discharge

text: rate

text: is

text: due

text: to

text: small

text: amount

text: of

text: precipitation

text: in

text: watershed

text: area

text: Great

text: Bear

text: River

text: contained

text: open

text: reaches

text: that

text: had

text: melted

text: out

text: in

text: place

text: over

text: percent

text: of

text: its

text: length

text: in

text: and

text: The

text: settlement

text: of

text: Tulita

text: is

text: located

text: at

text: the

text: mouth

text: of

text: the

text: river

annotations: likely multiple

question: located_in_the_administrative_territorial_entity great bear river

answer: northwest territories

text: northwest territories

text: northwest territories

text: northwest territories

text: northwest territories

text: northwest territories

text: northwest territories